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<mask> (born <mask> on 4 February 1951) is a German art forger and artist who has admitted to forging hundreds of paintings in an international art scam netting millions of euros. <mask>, together with his wife Helene, sold forgeries of alleged works by famous artists, including Max Ernst, Heinrich Campendonk, Fernand Léger and Kees van Dongen. Though he was found guilty for forging 14 works of art that sold for a combined $45m (£28.6m), he claims to have faked "about 50" artists. The total estimated profits <mask> made from his forgeries surpasses $100m. In 2011, after a 40-day trial, <mask> was found guilty and sentenced to six years in a German prison. His wife, Helene, was given a four-year sentence, and both were ordered to pay millions in restitution. <mask> was freed on January 9, 2015, having served just over three years in prison.Biography
<mask> was born 4 February 1951 in Höxter, Germany and grew up in Geilenkirchen, Germany. His father was an art restorer and muralist. According to his own statements, <mask> first copied a Pablo Picasso painting when he was 14 years old. He was expelled from secondary school when he was 17 and later went to art school in Aachen. As a young man, he used drugs such a LSD and opium and started doing art forgeries "a little." He travelled through Europe and lived in Amsterdam and Morocco. He also lived in Mallorca, Spain and France.In the 1980s, <mask> ran an art gallery for a short time with a business partner. The two had a falling out, with the partner accusing Beltracchi of stealing paintings from his house, an accusation <mask> vehemently denies. Fischer met Helene <mask> in 1992 and, after marrying in 1993, adopted her surname. <mask> designed the artwork to The Fall of a Rebel Angel, the eighth studio album from German musical project Enigma. Since his release from prison, <mask> and Helene <mask> have been living and working as artists on Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. Forgeries
<mask> did not copy existing and well known paintings, but painted his own paintings imitating the style of the artists in question. He made up the titles and motives, or claimed that a painting of his was a lost work that was only known by its title in old documents or catalogs.He and his wife also established a false provenance for the works, claiming that Helene <mask>'s grandfather--the wealthy industrialist Werner Jäger--had been friends with the German-Jewish art dealer Alfred Flechtheim in the 1920s. They claimed that Flechtheim sold a cache works to Jägers before going into exile during the second world war. Many of the paintings that <mask> sold (forged by him) allegedly came from this collection. There were several important holes in this story. For one, Jägers had been a member of the Nazi Party in the 1930s, making it unlikely that he would have befriended a Jewish dealer. But the story held enough weight for the <mask>s to use it for many years. When the credibility of the story was questioned, the <mask>s delivered proof that the paintings had been in the family since the 1920s.They delivered old family photographs with Helene <mask>'s grandmother in a room with the paintings in question in the background. Actually, the old looking photographs had been produced by <mask> himself; the woman on the photographs being Helene <mask>, dressed up as her own grandmother. They also created fake labels proclaiming that the paintings were from the “Sammlung Flechtheim”—the Flechtheim Collection. Finally he was caught after having sold a work 'by' Heinrich Campendonk via Kunsthaus Lempertz. The painting was then sold to a company in Malta for €2.88 million. <mask> had used a paint tube produced in the Netherlands. The paint contained titanium white (which was not specified on the label), a pigment that had not been in use in Campendonk's times.As <mask> remembered, because he had not mixed his own paint this one time, the forgery was uncovered. Arrest and trial

<mask> and Helene <mask> were arrested on 27 August 2010 in Freiburg. Their accomplice Otto Schulte-Kellinghaus, who helped place several of the forgeries in the market, was arrested on 1 December 2010. During the trial in autumn 2011, <mask> admitted forging 14 paintings: three by Heinrich Campendonk; two by André Derain; one by Kees van Dongen; five by Max Ernst; one by Fernand Léger; and two by Max Pechstein. <mask> and his accomplices thank their relatively mild sentences to a deal with the parties involved. Originally the court had planned to hear more than 160 witnesses and ten experts. The prosecutor estimated that <mask> had made a profit of €16 million.On 27 October 2011, <mask> was sentenced to six years in jail. His wife Helene was sentenced to four years, and Otto Schulte-Kellinghaus to five years. Helene's sister Jeanette was given a 21-month suspended sentence. Aftermath
<mask> and Helene <mask> were allowed to serve their sentences in an open prison, as long as they had regular jobs. They were employed by a friend's photostudio, leaving prison in the morning and returning after work. While serving his sentence, <mask>, in collaboration with a photographer, produced a number of mixed-media works, including paintings embedding photographs of himself. The collaboration ended in September 2012.Helene <mask> was released from prison in February 2013. <mask> was released from prison in January 2015. He agreed to paint only in his own name and to move from Germany to France. On 23 February 2015, the CBS News program 60 Minutes interviewed <mask> after his release from prison in Germany. In 2012, journalists Stefan Koldehoff and  published a book about the <mask> case. Koldehoff and Timm were awarded the 2012 Annette Giacometti Prize for their work. In January 2014, Helene and <mask> published two books: an autobiography and a collection of letters the pair wrote to each other while in prison.Beltracchi – Die Kunst der Fälschung (English: Beltracchi: The Art of Forgery), a 2014 documentary about Beltracchi by German filmmaker Arne Birkenstock, won the 2014 German Film Award for Best Documentary Film. Arne Birkenstock's father Reinhard Birkenstock is <mask> and Helene <mask>'s legal counsel. Beltracchi's forgeries embarrassed many art evaluation firms and numerous customers have sought legal remedy against the art specialists who mistakenly certified the artworks' authenticity. Burkhard Leismann, director of the , was charged 19 February 2013 with being an accomplice in the attempted sale of a fake Fernand Léger painting titled Nature morte while knowing the painting to be fake. Leismann denied the charges. The case was closed without going to trial, after Leismann signed a deal with German authorities in April 2014 and paid a €7500 fine. According to his lawyer, a trial would have proven Leismann's innocence, but he wanted the case to be closed quickly.A French tribunal ruled on 24 May 2013 that Werner Spies and gallery owner Jacques de La Béraudière were to pay an art collector €652,883. The collector had bought Tremblement de terre, a fake painting by Max Ernst, after Spies had declared it to be a genuine Max Ernst painting. However, this decision was overturned by the Court of Appeal of Versailles which ruled that Spies had "expresse[d] an opinion outside of a determined transaction" and could not therefore "be charged with a responsibility equivalent to that of an expert consulted in the context of a sale”. The Court further held that it “cannot be required of the author of a catalogue raisonné to subject each work in a catalogue published under his responsibility to the execution of a scientific expert assessment, which requires the removal of fragments of the work and represents a significant cost”. A film The Art of Forgery was released in 2014. The BBC reports that <mask> currently makes "millions" from selling his original works. Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions
2014: Der Jahrhundertfälscher.Galerie Christine Brügger, Bern

2015: FREIHEIT. art room9, München / Deutschland

2015: Im Dunkel der Wälder. Kurt Mühlenhaupt Museum, Bergsdorf

2016: Nabocov. Galerie Christine Brügger, Bern

2016: Free Method Painting. art room9, temporary Basel

2018: Kairos. Der Richtige Moment, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venedig

2018/2019: Kairos. Der Richtige Moment, Barlach Halle K, Hamburg

2019: Kairos.Der Richtige Moment, Bank Austria-Kunstforum Wien, Wien

2019: Bilder aus Kairos.DerRichtigeMoment Schloss Esterházy Lockenhaus, Burgenland

Group exhibitions
1978: Große Kunstausstellung. Haus der Kunst, München / Deutschland

2015: Mona, Galerie Kornfeld · 68 Projects. Berlin / Deutschland

Art projects
Art on ice. scenery by <mask>

Kairos. Der Richtige Moment

Forgeries
Police have identified 58 paintings they suspect were forged by <mask>. <mask> has claimed he has forged hundreds of paintings by more than 50 different artists. To provide a provenance for their fake works of art, <mask> and his associates fabricated stories about their grandparents who they claimed had been art collectors in the 1920s: the Sammlung Knops and Sammlung Werner Jägers.The Sammlung Knops (Knops Collection) had allegedly belonged to master tailor Johann Wilhelm Knops from Krefeld, grandfather of Otto Schulte-Kellinghaus; Sammlung Werner Jägers (Werner Jägers Collection) had allegedly belonged to Werner Jägers, Helene <mask>'s grandfather. Johann Wilhelm Knops and Werner Jägers were claimed to have been customers of Alfred Flechtheim. Many of the forgeries were labelled with his name. While Knops and Jägers existed, they had not been important art collectors. List of known forgeries
The Bundesverband Deutscher Kunstversteigerer (German Federation of Art Auctioneers), as a section of its database of known forgeries has published a catalogue of works from the fictional Sammlung Jägers which have been investigated by the LKA. The catalogue lists 54 paintings as per October 2012, fakes presented as works by 24 different artists, including Heinrich Campendonk, Max Ernst, Auguste Herbin, Louis Marcoussis, André Derain, Jean Metzinger, Raoul Dufy, Kees van Dongen and Fernand Léger. Notable cases

Porträt Oskar Schlemmer by Johannes Molzahn
In 1987 Loretto Molzahn, widow of Johannes Molzahn, paid a Berlin dealer DM60,000 for a portrait her husband had painted in 1930 of Oskar Schlemmer.The dealer had acquired the painting from <mask>. The painting proved to be fake and the Berlin dealer was given a suspended sentence in 1998. Bouquet varié by Moïse Kisling
In 2012, Bouquet varié (mixed bouquet), purportedly a 1937 painting by Moïse Kisling, was listed by French auctioneers Millon to be auctioned in Dubai on 22 October 2012, with an estimate of $150,000–200,000. As its provenance were listed Sammlung Jägers, Köln, Sammlung <mask>, Palma, and an auction on 23 March 1994 at Sotheby's in London. The painting was withdrawn from auction when questions were raised about its authenticity. When asked about the painting, <mask> commented he "had painted many bouquets of flowers during his life". Research by Die Zeit revealed that two versions of the painting exist.The painting offered in Dubai had actually been sold by Sotheby's in 1993. The painting sold by Sotheby's in 1994 is different and its whereabouts are unknown. La Forêt (2) by Max Ernst
In 2004, <mask> and his associates sold La Forêt (2), a fake 1927 Max Ernst oil painting, after Werner Spies had appraised it and had issued a certificate of authenticity. He then put <mask>'s wife Helene in touch with Swiss art dealer Yves Bouvier, best known for the Bouvier Affair, who then sold the painting to investment firm Salomon Trading for €1.8 million ($2.3 million). Galerie Cazeau-Béraudière lent it to the  for a 2006 exhibition and subsequently sold it to collector Daniel Filipacchi for $7 million. The painting is now listed as a forgery from the Sammlung Jägers and is one of the five Max Ernst paintings <mask> admitted to forging during the 2011 trial. Nature morte by Fernand Léger
In early 2006, Otto Schulte-Kellinghaus tried, unsuccessfully, to sell this painting via Parisian art dealers.Together with a forged André Derain painting, it was taken to  in July 2009 where it was shown to prospective customers, including Christie's, which rejected it. Provenance of the painting was the fictional Sammlung Jägers. A deal was being negotiated to sell the painting for €5.8 million to an unknown buyer, when it was seized in the museum by police 25 August 2010. It is one of the fourteen paintings <mask> admitted to forging. Landschaft mit Pferden by Heinrich Campendonk
In July 2004 Steve Martin paid Paris gallery Cazeau-Béraudière €700,000 for Landschaft mit Pferden (Landscape with horses), supposedly painted by Heinrich Campendonk in 1915. In February 2006 Martin sold the painting through Christie's to a Swiss businesswoman for €500,000. The painting is now listed as a forgery from the Sammlung Jägers and is one of the fourteen paintings <mask> admitted to forging.Rotes Bild mit Pferden by Heinrich Campendonk
In November 2006, <mask> and associates sold Rotes Bild mit Pferden (Red Picture with Horses), supposedly a 1914 painting by Heinrich Campendonk, to Trasteco, a Maltese company, for €2.88 million through Lempertz auctioneers in Cologne. "Rotes Bild mit Pferden" was found to be fake by Artvera's gallery, based in Switzerland. In 2008, a scientific analysis showed the painting contained titanium white, which was not yet available in 1914. Experts identified old gallery labels on the back of the painting as fake. The painting is now listed as a forgery from the Sammlung Jägers and is one of the fourteen paintings <mask> admitted to forging. Trasteco sued for damages, and 28 September 2012 a court in Cologne ruled in its favor: Lempertz was to reimburse Trasteco the full amount. Lempertz announced it would appeal.In December 2012, the case was settled, with some of Beltracchi's real estate being sold to repay Trasteco €2 million. Lempertz reimbursed Trasteco its €800,000 sales commission as well as some additional costs. This is the first instance of <mask>'s refunding a buyer of one of his forgeries. References

Sources
 Translations:

External links
 Homepage <mask>chi
 Beltracchi Project

1951 births
Art forgers
Living people

masks:
Wolfgang Beltracchi
Wolfgang Fischer
Beltracchi
Beltracchi
Beltracchi
Beltracchi
Wolfgang Fischer
Beltracchi
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Wolfgang Fischer
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Viliami William '<mask>' <mask> (born 15 April 1980), also known by the nickname of "<mask>", is an Australian-Tongan former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. An Australia and Tonga international, and New South Wales State of Origin representative forward, he played in the National Rugby League for Australian clubs: the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs (with whom he won the 2004 Grand Final and Clive Churchill Medal), the Sydney Roosters, the North Queensland Cowboys, the Newcastle Knights and the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. <mask> also played in the Super League for English club the Hull Kingston Rovers and French club, the Catalans Dragons. He also played rugby union in the Top 14 for French club RC Toulonnais. During his career <mask> was involved in a number of controversial off-field incidents which have received media publicity due to his high profile in the NRL. Early life
<mask> was born in Auckland, New Zealand to an Australian father and a Tongan-Samoan mother, <mask> moved to Australia at a young age and grew up in Toronto, New South Wales playing his junior football for the Toronto Macquarie Scorpions and the Lakes United Seagulls. Professional rugby league career
In 1997, <mask> was signed by the Hunter Mariners and played in the lower grades until the club became defunct at the end of the year.Canterbury-Bankstown
In 1998, <mask> signed with the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and played in the under-18s Jersey Flegg competition. In 1999, <mask> suffered a leg fracture in the game before the Bulldogs' Jersey Flegg Grand Final win. In Round 13 of the 2000 NRL season he made his NRL début for Canterbury-Bankstown against the Penrith Panthers after first-grader Darren Britt suffered an injury. He became a regular first-grader for the rest of the season. After the 2000 season, <mask> made his international début for Tonga, his mother's country of origin, in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup played in Great Britain and Ireland. In 2002, <mask> was reported to have run from a taxi to avoid paying the fare. After the 2002 NRL season, <mask> was selected to make his début for Australia against Great Britain.He scored a try on debut. During 2003, <mask> earned a call-up to make his début for New South Wales in Game 3 of the 2003 State of Origin series. After the 2003 NRL season, he went on the 2003 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France, helping Australia to victory over Great Britain in what would be the last time the two nations contested an Ashes series. In 2003, he tested positive to an illicit social drug, reported to be an amphetamine, and was fined $25,000 by his club. <mask> has never commented on the issue publicly. In 2004, <mask> along with Trent Waterhouse, Craig Wing, Craig Gower and Mark O'Meley, were fined for unprofessional behaviour and for leaving the team hotel after the side had returned from the night out. <mask> forged another player's signature at an autograph event, and after a heavy drinking session with teammates, reportedly visited a brothel.The next season Canterbury-Bankstown reached the 2004 NRL Grand Final and triumphed 16–13 over the Sydney Roosters. <mask> was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal for Man of the Match. He was selected in the Australian team to go and compete in the end of season 2004 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament. In the final against Great Britain <mask> played from the interchange bench and scored a try in the Kangaroos' 44–4 victory. Also at the end of 2004, <mask> played in Australia's win over the United States in an international rugby league friendly match at Philadelphia's Franklin Field but suffered a fractured ankle. <mask> was out of action during the first half of the 2005 NRL season and did not play in the NRL until Round 18 where the Bulldogs. He played in the 2005 Tri-nations tournament.In June 2006, news speculation surfaced that <mask> was considering joining the United States' National Football League (NFL), a childhood dream. He was said to be courted by several teams, including the Oakland Raiders and San Francisco 49ers. In July it was confirmed the New York Giants had offered him the opportunity to trial with them after the Rugby League Tri-Nations series finished in November. However, the Canterbury club had dismissed the deal, and <mask> remained with the club beyond 2006. In 2006, <mask> returned to become a regular member of the Bulldogs team where he managed to play 20 club matches, all three Origin games for NSW – in which he was named Man of the Match in the opening game and three Tests for Australia in the 2006 Tri-Nations series. He was a firm figure in the clubs return to finals football as the Bulldogs finished second on the ladder, Canterbury-Bankstown were beaten by eventual Premiers the Brisbane Broncos one game shy of the Grand Final. <mask> was televised appearing to swear during the New Zealand haka, before game 1 of the 2006 Gillette Tri-nations Series.Later in the match <mask> suffered a swollen black eye and suspected broken eye socket from a shoulder charge by David Kidwell. <mask> explained that his swearing was in response to the traditional Māori dance being performed by Brent Webb, an Indigenous Australian of Torres Strait Islander origin who became a New Zealand citizen. <mask> was banned for one game and fined $5,000 following an altercation with Stuart Fielden during Great Britain's victory over Australia in November 2006. In December 2006 <mask> took part in a trial with the New York Jets, but still maintained he would fulfil his contract with the Canterbury club until the end of the 2009 season. <mask> said "I'm probably at the time in my career now where maybe it is time for a change. New York City is the capital of the world. I'm pretty sure I could settle in there if given the opportunity..." However a Jets representative stated that <mask> even being offered a contract was very unlikely, "I don't think they were even football drills, it was more of a visit.We just had a look at him and that is where we left it." The Jets coach Eric Mangini was impressed with <mask>, saying "<mask> is a guy that came to our attention, he is a pretty good rugby player, and it was just one of those opportunities we had, where we have to take a look at him. What we're doing is taking a look at him, seeing what potential there is for him. He seems to have been a pretty dynamic guy in that league for a long time. He seemed relatively feisty when I spoke to him." The Bulldogs never anticipated any move, saying "<mask> has given us his guarantee he will be with us." <mask> was selected to play for the Australian national team at second-row forward the 2007 ANZAC Test match victory against New Zealand.A few weeks later he was involved in a nightclub altercation with the out-spoken Richie Williams, who <mask> claimed shows no respect to the older players in the NRL and is a cocky kid who has yet to prove himself in the NRL. <mask> was voted the most hated player by a fans poll in 2007. At Sydney Airport in 2007, <mask> verbally challenged a female reporter from radio station 2GB, resulting in a complaint from 2GB to the Canterbury-Bankstown club and the ARL <mask> later admitted to the outburst, which was captured on audio recordings, and apologised to 2GB journalist Michelle Keighran. <mask> is sponsored by sportswear manufacturer, Champion, which almost severed its contract with the controversial footballer as a result of the incident. In 2007, <mask> was selected for all three Origin games for NSW and represented Australia in the ANZAC Test match. At the conclusion of the 2007 NRL season, the media began reporting that <mask> was unhappy at the Canterbury club. On 31 October 2007 The Daily Telegraph reported that <mask> wanted to leave the Bulldogs after an altercation with the club's CEO, Malcolm Noad.A day later it was reported that <mask> was to be released from the final two years of his contract after the club rejected his chance to fight in a professional boxing match worth up to 100,000 and because the club claimed to be fining <mask> $50,000 for failure to attend an end of season function, although this was denied by Canterbury-Bankstown. Speculation that <mask> was to be released from his contract led to a number of English and Australian clubs confirming they were seeking to sign <mask> to a contract for the 2008 season. After the Roosters were able to release back-rower Ashley Harrison to the Gold Coast Titans and considered releasing other players, the club was able to make an offer for <mask>. On 15 November 2007 it was confirmed that <mask> had signed a three-year deal with the Sydney Roosters. Sydney Roosters

In February 2008, <mask> and his new Roosters teammate Anthony Tupou were charged with urinating in a public place during a visit to Port Macquarie. In August 2008, <mask> was named in both the preliminary 46-man Kangaroos squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup and the Tonga training squad. However, in the final regular game of the season <mask> ruptured his anterior cruciate ligament in his knee and took no part in the Roosters Finals Campaign.<mask> missed the Roosters first game of the 2009 season after they were thrashed by South Sydney Rabbitohs 52–12. <mask> returned in Round 2, against the Canberra Raiders they were victors 30–4. In May 2009 <mask> was fined $2,000 by Sydney Roosters after being photographed urinating in a public place. He was also dropped to the Newtown Jets. The Roosters finished the year in last spot. When Brian Smith took over the coaching role at the Roosters he told <mask> he was not in his future plans at the Roosters and his services were no long needed there. Interest in <mask> was said to be high with a number of high-profile rugby union and rugby league clubs chasing <mask>'s signature, Japanese Rugby Union teams, French Super League team Catalans Dragons and the Queensland Reds were just some of the clubs after <mask>.He was given extended leave from the Roosters to find a new club. There were also some rumours he was going to join the Newcastle Knights late in the year, but the Knights denied any relation to him. The North Queensland Cowboys made a late play for <mask> and held talks with him on 2 February 2010
If the Cowboys had rejected <mask> the Newcastle Knights were poised to make a deal with him as they had lost prop Danny Wicks

North Queensland Cowboys
On 5 February 2010, <mask> agreed to a one-year contract with the North Queensland Cowboys. He made his Cowboys début off the bench in a 30–24 loss to the Broncos in Round 1, 2010. Super League
In September 2011, <mask> signed a three-year contract with Hull Kingston Rovers, pending a successful working visa application. Six months into his contract, Hull KR were forced to release <mask> as he was unable to obtain a Tongan passport that would have enabled him to come off their overseas quota. Newcastle Knights
On 18 April 2012, it was confirmed <mask> had signed with the Wayne Bennett coached Newcastle Knights for the remainder of the 2012 NRL season.He made his Newcastle début at Hunter Stadium in their Round 8 victory over the Penrith Panthers. <mask>'s younger brother Rodney was also playing rugby league with the Newcastle Knights at the time. On 15 November 2012, <mask> re-signed with the Knights for two years. On 10 March 2014, <mask> was disqualified from driving for six months and fined $900 for drink driving. The offence was in relation to Australia Day of that year where after a marathon drinking session, <mask> drove to training, was pulled over by police and blew a blood alcohol reading of 0.09. Manly Warringah Sea Eagles
On 28 October 2014, after a three-year stint with the Knights, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles starting in 2015. On 13 May 2015, <mask> was in the spotlight again, this time for being grabbed by Newcastle player Korbin Sims on the genitals in Manly's 30–10 loss to Newcastle at Brookvale Oval.Sims tried to laugh off the incident by saying "I apologise to the fans, the NRL and people involved with the game and the club, if anyone found it inappropriate", Sims told Fairfax Media. "It was merely meant to be a harmless gesture between two friends." In 2018, <mask> spoke to the media about his time at Manly in relation to the ongoing saga with the board infighting and coach Trent Barrett claiming the facilities at the club were not up to date. <mask> said "I spent my last year there in 2015 so I understand where a lot of the backlash is coming from, back then we were getting changed out of our cars, out of our boots. It was pretty unprofessional. Only three years ago you're getting changed out of your f****n boot. It's ridiculous and they've only got their shit together now because Trent Barrett kicked up a stink.We had to share weights with the Australian touch team and union, there was about four or five clubs in there. I'd hate to be a part of the club at the moment... it's a very proud club but it's in shambles at the moment. I feel sorry for all the players". Catalans Dragons
On 16 February 2016, <mask> returned to the Super League with Catalans Dragons, signing a one-year contract starting effective immediately. Rugby union
After being released by Hull KR, <mask> signed with Top 14 rugby union side, Toulon in April 2011. He was seen by Toulon as a possible successor to former Bulldogs teammate and past Toulon centre Sonny Bill Williams. In June <mask> was selected to play for Barbarian F.C.from the interchange bench in their victory against Wales. In December Toulon agreed to release <mask> as he was reportedly unhappy in rugby union. <mask> was described by Toulon fans as "the biggest flop" in the club's history. Post playing

In 2017, <mask> was scheduled to appear as a celebrity contestant on Seven Network's Australian version of Hell's Kitchen. In July 2017, <mask> branded former professional rugby league footballer Tommy Raudonikis an idiot after Raudonikis said that Jarryd Hayne had failed in the NFL and accused him of not trying while playing for the Gold Coast Titans. <mask> rushed to Hayne's defence saying "He had a contract, he sold the most jerseys in the NFL ... I just don’t like it when you get uneducated people on there who hammer people about absolute rubbish, Tommy should just shut his mouth, I hate how everybody is coming out and bagging him about his money.He’s earning $1.2 million, who cares?, you get these idiots from the 70s and 80s bashing him". In June 2018, <mask> claimed that when he was at Manly that nobody wanted to play alongside teammate Daly Cherry-Evans and that he was the reason there was such a divide at the club. <mask> went on to say "I was there in 2015, I’ve never seen, never been involved in a team, that I could just see such a divide in a club, It was because of Cherry-Evans. All this shit that’s been happening around him, like, something’s wrong, "He then signed with the Gold Coast Titans for like 10 years", <mask> said. "And then there was a big f….. meeting, Cherry-Evans has got something to say. "I just signed a deal with the Titans boys, blah blah blah". "I’m like, who gives a f…, you don’t hold a meeting about that.No one cared"

<mask>'s comments came in the wake of former Manly player Anthony Watmough commenting on a podcast calling Cherry-Evans a "Fuckwit" and that he was the reason other players needed to depart the club. References

External links
Catalans Dragons profile
2008 interview from Ralph magazine
Sydney Roosters profile
<mask> NRL Player Profile
State of Origin Official website Rugby League Player Stats
Article at smh.com.au
<mask> cleared of wrist surgery

1980 births
New Zealand people of Australian descent
New Zealand people of Tongan descent
New Zealand people of Samoan descent
Tongan emigrants to Australia
Samoan emigrants to Australia
Rugby league players from Auckland
People from New South Wales
Australian rugby league players
Macquarie Scorpions players
Lakes United Seagulls players
Valentine-Eleebana Red Devils players
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby league props
Australia national rugby league team players
Tonga national rugby league team players
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players
Sydney Roosters players
North Queensland Cowboys players
Hull Kingston Rovers players
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles players
Newtown Jets NSW Cup players
Newcastle Knights players
Country New South Wales Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
NRL All Stars players
Clive Churchill Medal winners
Barbarian F.C. players
Living people

masks:
Willie
Marshall Mason
Big Willie
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Mason


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<mask> (August 1, 1909 – November 17, 1981) was a pioneer in mass spectrometry and computing. <mask> was a key person in Consolidated Engineering Corporation's (CEC) mass spectrometry team at a time when mass spectrometers were first being commercialized for use by researchers and scientists. <mask> was instrumental in developing mathematical techniques for analyzing the results from mass spectrometers, in developing an analog computer with Clifford Berry for analysis of equations, and in sustaining an ongoing dialog between engineers and customers involved in development of both the mass spectrometer and an early digital computer, CEC's Datatron. Early life and education

Sibyl M<mask> was born on August 1, 1909, in Butte, Montana. Her father was a telephone technician, which may have interested her in technology. She entered the University of California, Los Angeles in 1927, earning a degree in Mathematics in 1931. While at UCLA, she was president of the local chapter of Pi Mu Epsilon, the national mathematics society.She also received a Phi Beta Kappa key. Career

<mask> was employed as a "geophysical computer" in the petroleum industry, first at Rieber Laboratories, and then in 1938 at Herbert Hoover, Jr.'s newly formed United Geophysical Corporation. She transferred into United's engineering and instrument subsidiary, Consolidated Engineering Corporation, when they began to develop the mass spectrometer as a commercial product. The first 21-101 Mass Spectrometer was delivered in December 1942. Sibyl <mask> worked in the CEC research group with employees such as Harold Wiley, manager for Chemical Instruments, Harold Washburn, and Clifford Berry. In 1947, she joined the sales department. In sales, she worked closely with people at chemical and refining companies who were potential customers for the mass spectrometer and early digital computers, identifying their needs and concerns.People such as <mask>, who worked for Standard Oil of Indiana, were active contributors to <mask>'s CEC Users' Group. <mask> transferred again in 1952, to the organization's newly formed computer division. As of 1953, she was "in charge of sales and application functions of the Computer Division" with the title "Acting Manager, Application Service" and was the first female sales engineer of ElectroData Corporation. Mixture analysis, manuals and standards

By the mid-1940s <mask> had made several outstanding contributions to the field. She devised many of the procedures of mixture analysis, and wrote the computing manuals used by CEC's customers, such as the Computing Manual: Analysis of Gas and Liquid Mixtures by Means of the Mass Spectrometer (1946). Her work contributed to the creation of standards for instruments and methods in a rapidly developing field. She also did basic analysis, with <mask> of the National Bureau of Standards, of the first Pasadena smog samples.This research produced valuable information about the presence and types of hydrocarbons in Los Angeles air, and about the oxidization of hydrocarbons with ozone and nitrogen oxides. Solving simultaneous equations

<mask> was also instrumental in developing mathematical techniques for analyzing the results from mass spectrometers. In 1946, with Clifford Berry, she developed an analog computer capable of solving multiple simultaneous linear equations, suitable for the analysis of data from mass spectrometers. They patented an analog computer that could efficiently solve a series of 12 simultaneous equations in 12 unknowns. User experience and ongoing development

Mass-spectrometer users were developing instruments for their own purposes on a lab-by-lab basis, modifying and experimenting with them at a rapid rate. Feedback from the field and effective communication about needs and problems were critical to CEC's success in building and marketing mass spectrometers. Sibyl <mask> was engaged in developing the instruments and the procedures for their use.She was also a key person assisting Consolidated's customers in the use of those instruments and techniques, including the use of Cliff Berry's analog computer. <mask> understood the technical aspects of how the instrument worked and the mathematical aspects of the calculations it was supposed to compute. Because she worked closely with CEC's customer base, she also understood the instrumentation needs of CEC's growing list of customers. <mask> collaborated with Harold Wiley, manager of chemical instruments, to review both old and new instruments, assessing their operational status and identifying needed improvements. <mask> continuously drew upon her knowledge of the latest methods used by customers and their critiques and problem reports about the instrumentation, to improve CEC's products. The Datatron

Clifford Berry encouraged CEC to develop a digital computer. Harry Huskey and Ernst Selmer were involved as lecturers and consultants in the development process.Sibyl <mask> worked closely with Ernst Selmer on coding problems for the machine before it even existed in hardware. She also encouraged potential customers to try coding problems for the Datatron, ensuring that the system would perform in ways that would be useful to them. She helped customers with coding and ensured that their problems would run on the "breadboard" and "prototype" systems. Sibyl <mask> once described her work as follows:

'For the past several years I have written Product Specifications for digital computers and related peripheral gear. The engineering design is done by engineers. The Product Specification forms a "contract" between engineering and marketing to assure that both interested parties know what is to be built. Because the engineer may be too optimistic as to what he can produce and what reliability he can achieve, and because marketing wants the moon for zero dollars, the product specification writer is needed as a negotiator.'Formal announcement of the new ElectroData 203 computer took place in February 1954. By 1956, ElectroData became the third largest manufacturer of computers in the world, but lacked the funds necessary to expand successfully. On July 1, 1956 Burroughs Corporation purchased ElectroData Corporation from CEC. The basic architecture remained the same even though the computer was marketed under various names: the CEC 30-201, CEC 30-203, the ElectroData 204 and 205, and the Burroughs 205. In 1961, the Datatron 205 was used during the first launch of a Saturn rocket at Cape Canaveral, to analyze real-time guidance data. Personal life and death
<mask> actively encouraged women and girls to become mathematicians and to take up careers in engineering. She died November 17, 1981, in Los Angeles, California.Scholarly publications
In addition to the manuals she wrote, <mask> was active in scholarly publishing and coauthored significant papers with several of her colleagues, including:

References

External links

1909 births
1981 deaths
American women biochemists
Mass spectrometrists
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
20th-century American inventors
Women innovators
20th-century American women scientists
People from Butte, Montana

masks:
Sibyl Martha Rock
Rock
Rock
. Rock
Rock
Rock
Seymour Meyerson
Rock
Rock
Rock
Martin Shepherd
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rock


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<mask> (born 26 May 1983) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. A New South Wales State of Origin representative , he played in the National Rugby League for the South Sydney Rabbitohs, with whom he won the 2014 NRL Premiership, and the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. Merritt has also played representative football for the City New South Wales, Indigenous All Stars and Prime Minister's XIII sides. A prolific try-scorer, he was the NRL's top try-scorer in 2006 and 2011, and in 2013 became the 9th player in the history of the League to score 150 tries. Background
Born in Sydney, Merritt is an Indigenous Australian who grew up on The Block in Redfern, South Sydney. He played his early football in the South Sydney Juniors competition for the Alexandria Rovers. Professional playing career

2000s
His first-grade debut was for the South Sydney Rabbitohs against the New Zealand Warriors at Ericsson Stadium in round 9 of the 2002 NRL season, scoring a try on debut.At the end of the 2003 season Merritt agreed to terms with the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks where he was to play for the next two years. In the 2005 season, Merritt endured a tough year. He played only three first grade games for the Cronulla club, but was a stand-out player in the lower grade NSWRL Premier League matches for Newtown, scoring almost 300 points for the year. In one game against the Windsor Wolves, he scored 40 points (including five tries). At the end of the season, Merritt picked up a number of awards including Newtown RLFC VB Premier League Players' Player award, as well as having the distinction of being Newtown's highest season point scorer, as well as most points in a game. (as of 2005). His outstanding showing that year was rewarded when his old club South Sydney offered him a two-year contract to play in the NRL.For the 2006 NRL season, Merritt rejoined the South Sydney club and was a standout performer in an underachieving side all year, being one of only three players to play all 24 games for the club. He was the highest try scorer for the 2006 season with 22 tries, beating Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles' fullback Brett Stewart who scored 20. It was the first time since <mask> in 2000 that the leading try scorer in a season played for a club that missed the finals, and the first time in Australian rugby league history that the leading try scorer in a season played for the club that finished last on the competition ladder. Notably, in the first three rounds of the season Merritt scored a try in the final minute of each game, a feat that had never been achieved in three consecutive games. Merritt's hard work and great performances through the year culminated in the announcement that he had earned his first representative honor, to play for the Prime Minister's XIII on their annual end of season tour to Papua New Guinea, the only South Sydney player to make in the squad. The Australians beat the Papua New Guinea Kumuls 28–8, with Merritt one of the try-scorers. He was also included in the train-on squad for the Kangaroos squad for the 2006 Tri-Nations tournament against England and New Zealand, but missed out on a starting position.Following the announcement of the City Origin squad in 2007, <mask> hinted that his non-selection was possibly due to "a Souths thing or a racial thing". This comment was lambasted and in rebuttal to this comment critics pointed to the selection of Parramatta's Jarryd Hayne (Fiji) and Canterbury-Bankstown's Hazem El Masri (Lebanon) as evidence that selections had not been racially motivated. The South Sydney club eventually made the finals for the first time since 1989 but Merritt was injured in the second-last round of the competition so was unable to play in the match they ultimately lost to Manly-Warringah. Merritt scored a hat-trick to begin the 2009 season against the Sydney Roosters in a match Souths won 52–12. In round 10 Merritt was responsible for one of the most iconic moments in modern rugby league. With less than 10 seconds left in the Heritage Round match against the Wests Tigers at the Rugby League's spiritual home of the SCG he kicked a field goal to win the game for South Sydney, 23–22. This was the only field goal he ever kicked in his career.The fact Souths came from 12 points behind late in the game, it was Heritage Round, the game was at the SCG, it was in the final moments in the game and he had never kicked a field goal all contributed to the aura surrounding this moment and the legacy it has produced. At the 2009 Dally M Awards, he was awarded the Peter Frilingos Memorial Award for Headline Moment of the Year for the field goal. <mask>'s great experiences at the Sydney Cricket Ground continued in 2010 when he scored a hat-trick, once again against the Wests Tigers in Heritage Round. 2010s
On 8 August 2011 Merritt equalled the South Sydney club record of five tries in a match when he scored five against the Parramatta at ANZ Stadium in a 56–6 win, joining greats such as Harold Horder, Johnny Graves and Ian Moir to have scored five tries in a match for the South Sydney club. He followed this up just six days later with a three try performance against the Canberra Raiders at Canberra Stadium and in doing so he became the first player since former Canberra fullback Brett Mullins in 1994 to score eight tries within eight days in the NRL. Merritt's haul also saw him become clear leading try scorer for the 2011 NRL season with 21 from 21 games, six tries more than Canterbury's Ben Barba with four rounds left to play before the Finals. After the regular season Merritt finished on 23 tries for the year [equal with Barba], a personal best with his previous best being 22 in 2006.After his brilliant form in 2011, <mask> was again selected to play for the Prime Minister's XIII against Papua New Guinea. During the 2012 All Stars Match Merritt scored two tries and was awarded the Preston Campbell Medal for Man of the Match. At the end of the 2012 season in which he crossed for 14 tries in 19 games to be South Sydney's second highest try scorer behind rookie winger Andrew Everingham (17 from 25 games). This ended <mask>'s streak of being South Sydney's top try-scorer for the season which extended back to 2006. He finally played in his first finals match, in the first week of the finals against the Melbourne Storm at AAMi Park. Although South Sydney lost, they played in the next week of the finals, however Merritt injured himself in the lead-up to the game and was not able play in South Sydney's first finals victory in 24 years. Merritt was included in the Australian train-on squad for the end of season test against New Zealand in Townsville, but once again he was not one of the 17 selected for the match.On 18 June 2013, <mask> was selected to make his State of Origin debut for NSW in Game 2 of the 2013 State of Origin series following the suspension of Blake Ferguson. His performance was widely criticised and he was dropped for the following game, never to play for NSW again. South Sydney made the finals for the second consecutive year and Merritt played in their victory against Melbourne, marking the first and only finals win of his career. He scored a try in South Sydney's following game which they lost to Manly, meaning they failed to make the Grand Final. On 27 September 2013, <mask> equaled Benny Wearing's record for the most number of tries scored (144) by an individual while playing for the South Sydney Rabbitohs, and broke this record with his 145th try, scoring against Penrith at Centrebet Stadium on 11 April 2014. <mask> was dropped for South Sydney's 2014 ANZAC Day match against Brisbane at Suncorp Stadium. His replacement, Alex Johnston, cemented his spot in South Sydney's team and Merritt only played intermittently for the remainder of the season.On 24 September 2014, <mask> announced his retirement from rugby league.He finished his career as the highest South Sydney try-scorer and the second most games played for the club in a history stretching back to 1908. Despite being part of the 2014 South Sydney squad, he did not attend the Grand Final, which Souths went on to win, instead choosing to play in the annual Koori Knockout. Outside rugby league
In 2007, <mask>, along with then-Sydney Roosters star Amos Roberts, appeared in the rap music video for Anthony Mundine's "Platinum Ryder" single. US hip-hop artist Snoop Dogg - said to be a Rabbitohs fan - has reportedly named Merritt as his favorite NRL player. At the press conference announcing his retirement, <mask> announced he was beginning a charity called the Nathan Merritt Foundation aimed at helping youths in Redfern. See also
List of players with 100 NRL tries

References

External links
NRL Profile
Rabbitohs Profile

1983 births
Australian rugby league players
Indigenous Australian rugby league players
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Indigenous All Stars players
Prime Minister's XIII players
Newtown Jets NSW Cup players
North Sydney Bears NSW Cup players
Rugby league wingers
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league players from Sydney
Living people

masks:
Nathan Merritt
Nathan Blacklock
Merritt
Merritt
Merritt
Merritt
Merritt
Merritt
Merritt
Merritt
Merritt
Merritt


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<mask> (1902 – April 17, 1954) was a Romanian communist activist who, during the 1930s and '40s, helped assure financing for the Romanian Communist Party. Arrested in 1949 as an inconvenient survivor, he was executed over four years later. Biography

Origins and early life
According to his autobiography, which he wrote in early 1950, while held under arrest by the Securitate secret police of Communist Romania, he was born in Bucharest in 1902. His father Isac, initially a merchant in Galați, eventually owned a factory and several houses before losing his fortune in 1926, and died in 1941. A free spender, he amassed wealth during the German occupation of Romania (1916-1918), by selling bulk quantities of liqueurs to the temporary rulers. His mother (Ernestina née Blatt) was a merchant's daughter and died in 1920. His father was an authoritarian figure whose arguments with his wife left a lasting impression on Koffler.Although the family was Jewish, Koffler was baptized, and attended a Catholic followed by a Lutheran school. After attending several grades at Matei Basarab High School, he passed the baccalaureate exam at Zürich in 1920. His interest in politics began in primary school; influenced by his father, he sided with the Central Powers during World War I. Near the war's end, he became a Zionist. In 1919, he read the Communist Manifesto, followed by a work of Leon Trotsky on the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Revolution; the same year, when he reached Zürich, he declared himself a communist. In 1920, in Bucharest, he joined the Socialist Party of Romania. In response, his father beat him and took away his party card, also inflicting blows upon the son for reading Socialistul newspaper.Leaving to study in Berlin, he attended communist meetings, took part in demonstrations and agitated on Soviet Russia's behalf. In autumn 1920, while in the German capital, he contracted syphilis from a girl he brought to his room, and was continuing treatment as late as 1948. Activity in Romania and late Weimar Germany
Koffler married in the early 1920s; his daughter was born in 1925. The same year, at the insistence of his father, who soon went bankrupt, he returned to Romania without having graduated. In Bucharest, he met communist activist Timotei Marin, whom he hid after the latter escaped a dragnet initiated in August 1926 by the Siguranța secret police of the Kingdom of Romania. This investigation also targeted Pavel Tcacenco, Boris Ștefanov and Elek Köblös, all members of the banned Communist Party of Romania (PCdR, later PCR). He also became acquainted with Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu.Koffler ran a firm until 1927, when he departed for Germany yet again. In Berlin, he was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), taking part in clandestine operations. At the time, Berlin was not only an important center for communists, but was also a hub for Comintern activities throughout Europe. Moreover, the political and economic crisis of the Weimar Republic created a dynamic atmosphere, with Koffler partaking in street movements, demonstrations and campaigns. In 1930, he formally joined the KPD, returning to Romania in 1932 after being called home by his father, again without completing his studies. He worked in his father's firm but quit following an argument. For a time, he gave private German lessons, then found a position as a clerk.By his own account, he embezzled significant sums while on the job, allowing him to play roulette at the Sinaia Casino. He became a regular client there after 1937, and also used party funds to gamble. At the same time, he helped fund the extravagant lifestyles of party members, including Foriș, Bela Breiner, Teohari Georgescu and Iosif Chișinevschi, who frequently asked him for loans that would finance see houses, cars, furniture and travel. Between 1932 and 1935, he lived in a single room with his wife and daughter, sharing meals with his in-laws. The same room hosted communist meetings organized by Pătrășcanu. Also during this period, he persuaded his wife to enact a fantasy to which he had masturbated: of her having sexual intercourse with other men. First, a barber visited four times, followed by a mechanic once and the brother of her brother-in-law, also once.During each session, Koffler would watch unseen and masturbate, and would then have intercourse with his wife after the other man left. He was an occasional courier to Prague, where the PCdR's political office was located. He worked with members of the party secretariat, Ana Pauker, Nicolae Goldberger and Șmil Marcovici. He belonged to the agitprop section then led by Marcel Pauker. He was part of the editing committee of the clandestine gazette Scînteia, to which he was a frequent contributor, along with Solomon Schein, Ion Popescu-Puțuri and Ștefan Voicu. A skilled conspirator, Koffler, despite having close relations with the PCdR's leaders for years, never drew the attention of the Siguranța, which never suspected him of being a communist or anything but a casual acquaintance of the known party leaders. In 1943, when a lover of his was arrested, he too was detained when his name was found on a report in her purse.The police assumed he was not involved in subversive activities; an investigation turned up nothing, and neither was his name found in the files, so he was released the next day. Financial involvement

The seminal event within the PCdR during this period was the June 1935 arrest of three leading members: Ana Pauker, Marcovici and Dimităr Ganev, denounced by a fourth, Ion Zelea Pîrgaru, with whom Koffler was in touch. The following year saw the arrest of Goldberger and of Constantin Pîrvulescu, also contacts of Koffler's. In 1936, he set up the party's finance committee (CCF), with his role being to collect funds, and held this post until September 1944, when he was dismissed. For eight years, a remarkably stable record in the communist underground, his assistants included Emil Calmanovici, Jacques Berman, Emil Herstein and Egon Weigl, all Jews of bourgeois origin who had studied abroad. The committee came into being as Joseph Stalin lost interest in the Comintern and largely left the various communist parties to raise their own revenues, while at the same time, supply routes from Moscow to Bucharest were becoming ever more uncertain in the face of Nazi Germany's rise and tightened security along the Dniester River. It helped keep the party alive, funding safe houses, salaries, overhead, aid to several hundred prisoners and their families, lawyers and bribes for judges, policemen, prison wardens and guards.Nevertheless, the Comintern was critical of its involvement in business affairs, with Wilhelm Pieck cautioning against bourgeois financiers influencing the party's policies. In 1942, the party raised 17.4 million lei, a sum that would rise to almost 30 million in 1943 and 46 million in 1944, until the August coup that ushered in the party's legalization. Most of the funds came from Jewish industrialists, with other money given by pro-English figures or businessmen who expected an Allied victory in the ongoing  World War II. In 1941, he became the closest collaborator of party leader Ștefan Foriș. In late 1942, he became involved with the communist-affiliated Union of Patriots. In 1943, he helped launch România Liberă newspaper. Downfall and execution

Koffler was arrested in December 1949, together with other former members of the CCF.Stelian Tănase suggests four reasons why he ended up being executed. First, because he was the closest collaborator of Foriș, already killed in prison, and had thus been an accomplice of a man publicly accused of treason and collaboration with the Siguranța. The suspicions of collaboration were bolstered by communist fellow-traveler Petru Groza, who would charge that his December 1943 arrest involved Koffler as a police provocateur. Despite his relative obscurity, he was thus ensnared in the trial being prepared for Pătrășcanu, another rival of Gheorghiu-Dej's. Second, because Koffler was a highly inconvenient witness to the bitter factional struggles for control of the party that took place from 1940 to 1944, and stood in the way of the eventual victor, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who wished to impose his own version of events on official history. Third, because as head of the CCF, he knew precisely the source of party funds and their destination, which included some of the most prominent PCR leaders. Fourth, because Gheorghiu-Dej wanted revenge, personally ordering a harsh interrogation regime that, according to a witness speaking in 1967, included an officer pulling out over a third of his white hair during one session.Tortured, psychologically pressured and blackmailed, he suffered a heart attack. Once he returned to prison, he was severely beaten upon the orders of Interior Minister Alexandru Drăghici, whose instructions came from Gheorghiu-Dej. Eventually, he began to appear insane, with some doctors believing he was dissimulating in order to avoid the need to incriminate other party members, while others thought he had truly become schizophrenic under torture. He retracted his earlier admission of guilt and steadfastly declared himself innocent, which pushed Gheorghiu-Dej to opt for his execution, as opposed to the case of Bellu Zilber, who saved his life by cooperating. Koffler was tried for crimes against peace and high treason in April 1954. He was sentenced to death and, aged 52, shot in the back of the neck at 3 a.m. on the 17th, the same night Pătrășcanu was executed, at Jilava Prison. Notes

References
Stelian Tănase, Clienții lu' tanti varvara: istorii clandestine.Humanitas, Bucharest, 2005,

1902 births
1954 deaths
Politicians from Bucharest
Romanian Jews
Romanian communists
Romanian expatriates in Germany
Communist Party of Germany politicians
People executed by the Socialist Republic of Romania
Executed Romanian people
Executed activists
Converts to Christianity from Judaism


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<mask> (born July 22, 1961) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, and keyboardist who has worked closely with rapper Eminem since his third major-label album The Eminem Show. He is of Puerto Rican descent and was raised in Garden City, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. Musical career

<mask>'s career in recorded music began in the early 1980s in Detroit, with Michael Henderson and Was (Not Was). He continued playing keyboards and co-writing songs for a wide variety of artists (including many produced by Don Was), ranging from Anita Baker to Patti Smith to The Highwaymen to Vertical Horizon to Fuel, before beginning a prolific and lengthy collaboration with Eminem in 2001. He has played the keyboard for several Eminem-produced tracks and is credited for additional production on most Eminem-produced tracks on Encore. <mask> released his own solo LP titled "Combo De Momento", and was released under his own imprint Resto World Music on May 18, 2010. He co-produced the Oscar-winning song, "Lose Yourself", featured in the movie 8 Mile with Jeff Bass and Eminem.Discography
 "Combo De Momento" (May 18, 2010)
 "One Small Light" (2013)

Music credits

2000

 Eminem - The Marshall Mathers LP (studio album released May 23, 2000)

2001
 D12 – Devil's Night (Studio album released June 19, 2001)
19. "Girls" (Limp Bizkit diss) (performed by Eminem) (hidden track)

2002
 Eminem - The Eminem Show (Studio album released May 26, 2002)
02. "White America"
05. "Square Dance"
07. "Soldier"
08. "Say Goodbye Hollywood"
14. "Hailie’s Song"
18."'Til I Collapse" (Featuring Nate Dogg)
 Xzibit – Man vs. Machine (Studio album released October 1, 2002)
11. "My Name" (featuring Eminem and Nate Dogg)
 Various Artists – 8 Mile (Soundtrack) (Studio album released October 29, 2002)
01. "Lose Yourself" (Eminem)
02. "Love Me" (Eminem, Obie Trice and 50 Cent)
03. "8 Mile" (Eminem)
05. "Places To Go" (50 Cent)
06. "Rap Game" (D12 featuring 50 Cent)
07."8 Miles and Runnin'" (Jay-Z featuring Freeway)
08. "Spit Shine" (Xzibit)
16. "Rabbit Run" (Eminem)

2003
 50 Cent – Get Rich or Die Tryin' (Studio album released February 18, 2003)
03. "Patiently Waiting" (featuring Eminem)
04. "Many Men (Wish Death)"
06. "High All the Time"
15. "Don't Push Me" (featuring Lloyd Banks and Eminem)
 Various Artists – Cradle 2 the Grave (Studio album released February 18, 2003)
02."Go to Sleep" (Eminem featuring Obie Trice and DMX)
 King Gordy – The Entity (Studio album released June 24, 2003)
02. "Nightmares"
03. "The Pain"
10. "Pass Me A Lighter"
16. "Nobody Hates Nothin'"
 Obie Trice – Cheers (Studio album released September 23, 2003)
01. "Average Man"
02. "Cheers"
03."Got Some Teeth"
04. "Lady" (featuring Eminem)
05. "Don't Come Down"
09. "Follow My Life"
13. "Hands on You" (featuring Eminem)
14. "Hoodrats"
16. "Never Forget Ya"
17."Outro" (featuring D12)
 Jay-Z – The Black Album (Studio album released November 14, 2003)
09. "Moment Of Clarity"
 G-Unit – Beg for Mercy (Studio album released November 14, 2003)
03. "My Buddy"
04. "I'm So Hood"

2004
 DJ Kay Slay – The Streetsweeper, Vol. 2 (Studio album released March 30, 2004)
05. "I'm Gone" (featuring Eminem and Obie Trice)
 D12 – D12 World (Studio album released April 27, 2004)
01. "Git Up"
02."Loyalty" (featuring Obie Trice)
03. "Just Like U"
04. "I'll Be Damned"
06. "My Band"
08. "6 in the Morning (Come On In)"
10. "Leave Dat Boy Alone"
11. "Get My Gun"
13."Bitch" (featuring Dina Rae)
21. "Keep Talkin'" (bonus track)
 Special Edition Bonus Disc
02. "Slow Your Roll"
 Jadakiss – Kiss of Death (Studio album released June 22, 2004)
16. "Welcome to D-Block" (performed by The L.O.X. featuring Eminem)
 Lloyd Banks – The Hunger for More (Studio album released June 29, 2004)
04. "On Fire" (featuring 50 Cent)
 Eminem – Encore (Studio album released November 12, 2004)
02. "Evil Deeds"
04."Yellow Brick Road"
05. "Like Toy Soldiers"
07. "Puke"
08. "My 1st Single"
15. "Spend Some Time" (featuring Obie Trice, Stat Quo and 50 Cent)
16. "Mockingbird"
17. "Crazy In Love"
18."One Shot 2 Shot" (featuring D12)
20. "Encore/Curtains Down"
 Eminem – Encore (Bonus CD released November 12, 2004)
01. "We As Americans"
02. "Love You More"
03. "Ricky Ticky Toc"
 2Pac – Loyal to the Game (Studio album released December 14, 2004)
01. "Soldier Like Me (Return of the Soulja)" (featuring Eminem)
02. "The Uppercut" (featuring E.D.I.Mean and Young Noble)
03. "Out on Bail"
04. "Ghetto Gospel"
05. "Black Cotton" (featuring Eminem, Kastro and Young Noble)
06. "Loyal to the Game" (featuring G-Unit)
07. "Thugs Get Lonely Too" (featuring Nate Dogg)
08. "N.I.G.G.A.(Never Ignorant about Getting Goals Accomplished)" (featuring Jadakiss)
09. "Who Do You Love?" 10. "Crooked Nigga Too"
11. "Don't You Trust Me?" (featuring Dido)
12. "Hennessy" (featuring Obie Trice)
13."Thug 4 Life"

2005
 The Game – The Documentary (Studio album released January 18, 2005)
14. "We Ain't" (featuring Eminem)
 50 Cent – The Massacre (Studio album released March 3, 2005)
02. "In My Hood"
04. "I'm Supposed To Die Tonight"
10. "Ski Mask Way"
16. "My Toy Soldier" (featuring Tony Yayo)
 Bizarre – Hannicap Circus (Studio album released June 28, 2005)
08. "Rockstar"
 Tony Yayo – Thoughts of a Predicate Felon (Studio album released August 30, 2005)
03."It Is What It Is" (featuring Spider Loc)
07. "Drama Setter" (featuring Eminem and Obie Trice)
 Trick-Trick – The People vs. (Studio album released December 27, 2005)
03. "Welcome 2 Detroit" (featuring Eminem)
07. "No More to Say" (featuring Proof and Eminem)

2006
 Obie Trice – Second Round's on Me (Studio album released August 15, 2006)
02. "Wake Up"
03. "Violent"
05. "Lay Down"
06."Snitch" (featuring Akon)
08. "Ballad Of Obie Trice"
09. "Jamaican Girl" (featuring Brick & Lace)
10. "Kill Me a Mutha"
12. "All of My Life" (featuring Nate Dogg)
13. "Ghetto" (featuring Trey Songz)
14. "There They Go" (featuring Big Herk, Eminem and Trick-Trick)
17."Everywhere I Go" (featuring 50 Cent)
18. "Obie Story"
 Lloyd Banks – Rotten Apple (Studio album released October 10, 2006)
06. "Hands Up" (featuring 50 Cent)
 Akon – Konvicted (Studio album released November 14, 2006)
03. "Smack That" (featuring Eminem)
 Lil Scrappy – Bred 2 Die, Born 2 Live (Studio album released December 5, 2006)
19. "Lord Have Mercy"
 Eminem Presents: The Re-Up (Studio album released December 5, 2006)
01. "Shady Narcotics (Intro)" (Eminem)
02. "We're Back" (Eminem, Obie Trice, Stat Quo, Bobby Creekwater and Ca$his)
04."Murder" (Bizarre and Kuniva)
06. "The Re-Up" (Eminem and 50 Cent)
07. "You Don't Know" (Eminem, 50 Cent, Lloyd Banks and Ca$his)
08. "Jimmy Crack Corn" (Eminem and 50 Cent)
09. "Trapped" (Proof)
11. "Talkin' All That" (Ca$his)
16. "Smack That (Remix)" (Akon featuring Stat Quo and Bobby Creekwater)
17."Public Enemy #1" (Eminem)
19. "Ski Mask Way (Eminem Remix)" (50 Cent)
20. "Shake That (Remix)" (Eminem, Nate Dogg, Obie Trice and Bobby Creekwater)
22. "No Apologies" (Eminem)

2007
 Young Buck – Buck the World (Studio album released March 27, 2007)
17. "Lose My Mind"
 Cashis – County Hound EP (Studio album released May 22, 2007)
06. "Pistol Poppin'" (featuring Eminem)

2009
 Eminem – Relapse (Studio album released May 15, 2009)
17. "Beautiful"

Eminem – Relapse: Refill (Studio album released December 21, 2009)
04."Elevator"

2010
Lil Wayne – Rebirth (Studio album released February 2, 2010)
08. "Drop the World" (featuring Eminem)

 B.o.B – B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray (Studio album released April 27, 2010)
12. "Airplanes, Part II" (featuring Eminem and Hayley Williams of Paramore)

 Eminem – Recovery (Studio album released June 18, 2010)
05. "W.T.P." 07. "Not Afraid"

 Lloyd Banks – The Hunger for More 2 (Studio album released November 22, 2010)
17. "Where I'm At" (featuring Eminem)

2011
 Bad Meets Evil – Hell: The Sequel (EP released June 13, 2011)
01."Welcome 2 Hell"
02. "Fast Lane"
03. "The Reunion"
04. "Above the Law"
06. "A Kiss"
07. "Lighters" (featuring Bruno Mars)
09. "Loud Noises" (featuring Slaughterhouse)
 Royce da 5'9" – Success Is Certain (Studio album released June 13, 2011)
01."Legendary" (featuring Travis Barker)

2012
 Slaughterhouse – Welcome to: Our House (Studio album released August 28, 2012)
01. "The Slaughter" (Intro)
02. "Our House" (featuring Eminem and Skylar Grey)
03. "Coffin" (featuring Busta Rhymes)
04. "Throw That" (featuring Eminem)
05. "Hammer Dance"
06. "Get Up"
07."My Life" (featuring Cee Lo Green)
08. "We Did It" (Skit)
09. "Flip a Bird"
10. "Throw It Away" (featuring Swizz Beatz)
11. "Rescue Me" (featuring Skylar Grey)
12. "Frat House"
13. "Goodbye"
14."Park It Sideways"
15. "Die"
16. "Our Way" (Outro)
 Deluxe version
17. "Asylum" (featuring Eminem)
18. "Walk of Shame"
20. "Place to Be" (featuring B.o.B)

2013
 Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (Studio album released November 5, 2013)
04. "So Much Better"
10."Brainless"
11. "Stronger Than I Was"

2014
 Various Artists – Shady XV (Studio album released November 24, 2014)
01. "Shady XV" (Eminem)
02. "Psychopath Killer" (Slaughterhouse featuring Eminem and Yelawolf)
03. "Die Alone" (Eminem featuring Kobe)
04. "Vegas" (Bad Meets Evil)
06. "Guts Over Fear" (Eminem featuring Sia)
09."Fine Line" (Eminem)
10. "Twisted" (Skylar Grey, Eminem and Yelawolf)
11. "Right for Me" (Eminem)

2015
 Yelawolf – Love Story (Studio album released April 21, 2015)
03. "American You"

 Various Artists – Southpaw (soundtrack) (Studio album released July 24, 2015)
02. "Kings Never Die" (Eminem featuring Gwen Stefani)
04. "This Corner" (Denaun)
09. "All I Think About" (Bad Meets Evil)
13."Phenomenal" (Eminem)

2017

 Eminem - Revival (Studio album released December 15, 2017)

02. "Believe"

2018
 Nicki Minaj – Queen (Studio album released August 10, 2018)
02. "Majesty" (with Labrinth, featuring Eminem)
 Eminem – Kamikaze (Studio album released August 31, 2018)
07. "Stepping Stone"
13. "Venom" (Music from the Motion Picture)

2020
Eminem – Music to Be Murdered By (Studio album released January 17, 2020)
01. "Premonition (Intro)"
03. "You Gon' Learn" (featuring Royce da 5'9" and White Gold)
08."Darkness"
12. "Stepdad"
13. "Marsh"
19. "I Will" (featuring Joell Ortiz, Royce da 5'9" and Kxng Crooked)

Eminem – Music to Be Murdered By - Side B (Studio album released December 18, 2020)
04. "Tone Deaf"
05. "Book of Rhymes" (featuring DJ Premier)

Awards and nominations

! |-
|align=center|2002
|rowspan="4"| "Lose Yourself"
|Academy Award for Best Original Song
|
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2003
|Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media
|
|rowspan="3"|
|-
|Grammy Award for Song of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| Grammy Award for Best Rap Song
|
|-
|align=center|2010
|"Not Afraid"
|
|
|-

References

External links
 <mask>o Invterview
 Resto World Music
 Luis Resto.The main man for Hip Hop Biography (and promotional interview for the Melodyne software)

Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Grammy Award winners for rap music
Midwest hip hop musicians
Living people
1961 births
Shady Records artists

masks:
Luis Edgardo Resto
Resto
Resto
Luis Rest


text_chunks:
<mask> (stage name: <mask>, November 1, 1908 – June 18, 1998), was an American tenor, actor, and vocal teacher, best known for his role as Tom-Tom in the 1934 Laurel and Hardy holiday musical film Babes in Toyland. Early life
<mask> was born in Macon, Georgia, the son of a cotton farmer who died in a hunting accident when <mask> was five. Seven years later, he moved with his family to Pensacola, Florida, where he began to play the guitar. By his mid-teens, <mask> was singing at dances and nightspots. By 1925, he was featured on a local radio station, and a movie company manager on location at the time to make a feature film urged <mask> to travel to and try his luck in California. Beginning of fame (1929–1934)
<mask> found a vocal teacher in California, but was unable to earn a movie contract. To compensate, <mask> did local singing jobs and church work, eventually gaining financial support from the Harkness Scholarship Foundation to aid in paying for his vocal lessons.By 1929, <mask> was singing in a Santa Barbara, California Columbia network (later CBS) station, and additionally, had a national show, WCC Presents <mask>. <mask> entered the Arwater Kent Foundation Scholarship Auditions of the Air, and made it to Manhattan prior to placing second in the judging. Upon returning to California, <mask> sang at the Hollywood Bowl in the Giuseppe Verdi opera La traviata alongside Lily Pons, and then traveled to San Francisco, California, where he did Hector Berlioz's La damnation de Faust with the city's opera company. Once he returned to Hollywood, he continued voice studying and radio work, including the CBS program Shell Mountain House with Raymond Paige and his Orchestra. <mask> finally made his screen debut in 1934 in RKO Pictures Down to Their Last Yacht as a South Seas native who sings "Malakamokolu." Following this was the role of a gypsy in the Charles Boyer—Loretta Young picture Caravan, starring Boyer. Peak of fame (1934–1937)

<mask>'s biggest and best-known role was as the love interest of Little Bo Peep, Tom-Tom, the Piper's Son, in the 1934 Laurel and Hardy musical film Babes in Toyland, based on the famed 1903 operetta by Victor Herbert.Not only did <mask> play the romantic lead, but he also performed several musical numbers, including "A Castle in Spain." Despite being placed under a contract with MGM, <mask> did no films directly for the studio. Rather, he was loaned out for other assignments, such as attending Warner Bros. for two musical shorts: Springtime in Holland (1935) and Carnival Day (1936). In the former, he was cast as a Dutch milk seller, and sang the numbers "The Girl on the Little Blue Plate" and "Beside the Zuider Zee". In Carnival Day, he played a jockey who romances a flower girl (Joan Barclay), and sang the numbers "The Rose in Her Hair" and "Steppin' Along." MGM released his next feature, The Bohemian Girl, but similar to Babes in Toyland, it was made by producer Hal Roach independently, and reunited Laurel and Hardy with <mask>; the feature also gave <mask> a small role—a gypsy singer who performs a number from the Michael William Balfe—Alfred Bunn opera of 1843. A test <mask> had done for Roach ended up in Pick a Star, an MGM musical comedy film that also featured Laurel and Hardy in a non-speaking guest bit; <mask> was briefly seen as a nightclub singer.Even though he studied acting with Irving Pichel, no further film opportunities came to <mask>, other than a potential film series in Australia that in time, failed to materialize. Life in New York and later life (1937–1960s)
<mask> moved to New York City in 1937. There, he made radio recordings for Thesaurus Transcriptions with Nathaniel Shilkret and his Orchestra, and a year later, he recorded nine songs for Victor Records with Leo Reisman's orchestra. He also started to perform on network radio again, first with the Schaefer All-Star Parade on NBC, which ran from 1938 to 1940, as well as the NBC Blue Network's Music Appreciation Hour in 1938, and the RCA Magic Key [The Magic Key] during the 1938–39 season. <mask> also had a weekly program on the radio station WEAF (later known as WNBC (AM)) every Thursday. In 1938, he was one of the finalists on NBC's Metropolitan Opera Auditions of the Air, losing to John Carter by a single vote. In 1939, he made his concert recital debut at The Town Hall, singing selections from Johannes Brahms, Francesco Cavalli, Alessandro Stradella, and Richard Strauss.<mask> made his Broadway debut in October 1940 as the featured singer in It Happens on Ice, and in 1942, he sang the role of Camile de Jolidon in Franz Lehár's The Merry Widow at Carnegie Hall. In his final Broadway role, he played Almaviva in Once Over Lightly in 1942 with Igor Gorin and Grace Panvini; the production was based on Gioachino Rossini's The Barber of Seville. In 1940, <mask> again recorded for Victor Records, and continued to be heard on radio in musical programs such as The Ford Sunday Evening Hour, and Music Hall of the Air (Radio City Music Hall), and the game program So You Think You Know Music. <mask> also served in World War II, and was present at Guadalcanal. 1946 was an eventful and prosperous year for <mask>. Not only did he continue to be very active in radio, but he also signed with Decca Records and became a member of the Metropolitan Opera. While at Decca, he recorded operettas and popular songs, and was a vocalist with the Guy Lombardo and Russ Morgan orchestras.For his debut at the Met, <mask> sang the role of Count Almaviva in Il barbiere di Siviglia, the same role he did in the English-language version of the opera Once Over Lightly four years prior. He remained at the Met until 1950, but also continued to appear on radio in series including The Pet Milk Show and The American Album of Familiar Music. <mask> had his own television series, <mask> Sings, in the early 1950s, airing every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. His other television work included appearances on NBC Television Concert Hall in 1948, singing Rodolfo's aria from La bohème on Your Show of Shows in April 1950, and performing Christmas hymns on a holiday edition of Juvenile Jury in December 1951. During this time, <mask> also created more records for RCA Victor including the tenor roles in excerpts from Victor Herbert operettas with soprano Doretta Morrow. After leaving the Met, <mask> appeared for two months at the Capitol Theatre, then spent the next several years giving concerts (appearing with the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, among others), performing in summer stock, and working supper- and nightclubs. In 1960, he and Mimi Benzell did an album from the musicals Can-Can and Kiss Me, Kate for Design Records.On television, <mask> was an occasional guest on late-night talk programs such as The Jack Paar Show in September 1961. Toward the end of the 1960s, <mask> had grown fatigued of constant traveling and launched yet another music career, this time, as a vocal teacher. His students included both Broadway and opera singers, and he continued to teach for the remainder of his life. <mask> was a member of the Founding Tent of the Sons of the Desert, the Laurel and Hardy international society, and he attended several of their conventions. Personal life

Marriage and children

While on the set of Babes in Toyland, <mask> fell in love with fellow co-star Alice Moore, who played the Queen of Hearts. They eloped to Yuma, Arizona and married there on October 17, 1935. They divorced on March 14, 1939.In 1940, <mask> married Ethel Blume, a radio actress who appeared on The Adventures of Helen, The Aldrich Family, Easy Aces, John's Other Wife, and Joyce Jordan, M.D. The two had one child, <mask> <mask> II, who at one point would star in an episode of Juvenile Jury in 1954. Death
<mask> died on June 18, 1998 at Calvary Hospital in the Bronx, New York City, and was survived by his wife and son. He is buried in the Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx. Not long before his death, <mask> told writer Laura Wagner (Classic Images, June 1998): "I did my best, I tried to be a nice guy. I helped people whenever I could, and I never complained. ... For a country boy from a cotton patch in Macon, Georgia—I think I did pretty good."His wife, Ethel Blume, died in Brookline, Massachusetts on January 16, 2014, two days after her 95th birthday. Filmography

Film

Television

Stage

Radio

Soundtrack

References

External links

1998 deaths
American tenors
American male film actors
1908 births
American male musical theatre actors
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male actors
Actors from Macon, Georgia
Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Male actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Musicians from Pensacola, Florida
Male actors from Florida
Singers from Florida
20th-century American male singers
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)

masks:
William Felix Knight
Felix Knight
William Felix Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Felix Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Felix Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
William Felix
Knight
Knight
Knight


text_chunks:
<mask>  (born 10 March 1960) is an Australian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and a friar of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans). Since 12 November 2014, he has been the ninth Catholic Archbishop of Sydney. He served as the third Bishop of Parramatta from 4 March 2010 to 12 November 2014, having previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Sydney. Early life and education
<mask> was born the eldest of five children in Crows Nest, Sydney, to Gloria Maguregui, whose father was of Spanish Basque origin and whose mother was half Italian and half Romanian – she migrated with her family to Australia from Asia in the 1950s – and <mask>, a pharmacist from Ashfield with Anglo-Irish roots. He was baptised at St Therese's Church, Lakemba and attended the parish school in 1965 and 1966. The <mask> family lived in Belmore, Canterbury and Wiley Park before moving to Longueville and Manly. <mask> attended St Michael's Primary School in Lane Cove, Holy Cross College Ryde and Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview, where he was dux in 1977.He studied at the University of Sydney for six years, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts in history with first-class honours and a Bachelor of Laws. He then practised law at the commercial law firm Clayton Utz where he drafted contracts for the redevelopment of the Queen Victoria Building. He took leave from his job as a lawyer to go backpacking around Europe to discern his vocation. Priesthood
<mask> entered the Order of Preachers in 1985 and studied for the priesthood in Melbourne, receiving an honours degree in theology from the Yarra Theological Union, a member institution of the Melbourne College of Divinity (now called the University of Divinity). He worked for a time at Uniya, a centre for social research in Kings Cross, on immigration and refugee issues, and at Holy Name Parish in Wahroonga, Sydney. He was ordained to the priesthood at Holy Name Church in Wahroonga by Eusebius Crawford OP, Bishop of Gizo, on 14 September 1991. He undertook doctoral studies in bioethics at the University of Oxford until 1995, matriculating from University College, while residing at Blackfriars Hall.His Doctor of Philosophy degree was granted for a thesis on "Justice in the Allocation of Healthcare". His academic work has included lecturing in Australia and overseas and publishing many books and articles on bioethics and morality. In 1994 he appeared on two British television programs, the bioethics series Brave New World and a special edition of the live discussion program After Dark. From 1995–2000, <mask> was a lecturer at the Australian Catholic University in Melbourne. From 2000 to 2003 he was the foundation director of the John Paul II Institute for Marriage and Family in Melbourne, the Australian campus of a postgraduate pontifical institute with nine campuses around the world. The principal work of the institute was in teaching and research on questions concerning respect for human life and the dignity of the person and support for marriage and family life. The Australian campus ceased operations in December 2018.He is ex officio  chancellor of the Catholic Institute of Sydney (having previously served as the deputy-chancellor) and Adjunct Professor of Bioethics at the University of Notre Dame Australia. Prior to his episcopal appointment, <mask> was the Master of Students (seminarians) and Socius (deputy) to the prior provincial of the Dominican order in Australia and New Zealand. In the Melbourne archdiocese, he was Episcopal Vicar for Healthcare, spokesman for the archdiocese on matters of ethics, a visiting lecturer at the Catholic Theological College and secretary to the Senate of Priests. His community engagements have included being Chaplain to the Parliament of Victoria, a member of the Infertility Treatment Authority of Victoria, chair or member of several hospital ethics committees, a conventual chaplain ad honorem to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and a chaplain to various other organisations. He has also had various engagements in parish life and the pastoral care of the handicapped and the dying. In August 2003, <mask> debated euthanasia activist Philip Nitschke at the Great Hall of the University of Sydney. Episcopate

Auxiliary Bishop of Sydney
<mask> was appointed an auxiliary bishop of Sydney and titular Bishop of Buruni by Pope John Paul II on 16 July 2003 and consecrated by Cardinal George Pell at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney, on 3 September 2003.He took "Speaking the truth in love" (Ephesians 4:15) as his episcopal motto. He was the parish priest of Our Lady Star of the Sea Church, Watsons Bay and Episcopal Vicar for Life and Health in the Archdiocese of Sydney, as well as serving on the Australian Bishops' Commission for Doctrine and Morals and as chair of the Catholic Schools Board, chair of the Catholic Education Commission of New South Wales, deputy chancellor of the Catholic Institute of Sydney and an adjunct professor at the University of Notre Dame Australia. He has been a member of the Pontifical Academy for Life since 2004. <mask> was the organiser of World Youth Day 2008 held in Sydney. This was the largest youth gathering and largest religious event ever held in Australia. It attracted 250,000 young people for a week-long festival and 400,000 people for the final Mass with Pope Benedict XVI, which was held at Randwick Racecourse. Bishop of Parramatta
<mask> was named the third Bishop of Parramatta by Pope Benedict XVI on 8 January 2010 and was installed on 4 March 2010 in St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta.As Bishop of Parramatta, <mask> oversaw the implementation of Faith in Our Future, the pastoral plan for the Diocese of Parramatta, which focussed on growing and sharing faith in the areas of families, youth, ethnicity, vocations and evangelisation. Under his episcopate, <mask> continued as chair of the Catholic Education Commission of New South Wales and adjunct professor in theology at the University of Notre Dame Australia. He was also a member of the company of the Australian Catholic University and served as a member of the Australian Bishops' Commission for Pastoral Life, as chair of the Anti-Euthanasia Task Force and as the Bishops' Delegate for Youth. <mask> issued a number of pastoral letters to priests and the faithful of the diocese on the themes of confession ("Come back to Me with all your heart", Lent 2011), pastoral planning ("Faith in Our Future", Lent 2012), the child abuse crisis (with the other New South Wales bishops, "Sowing in Tears", Lent 2013), Personal Vocation ("Thy Kingdom Come", Christ the King 2013) and the Eucharist ("This Wonderful Sacrament", Corpus Christi 2014). Following a significant increase in vocations to the priesthood in the Diocese of Parramatta, he directed the building of the new Seminary of the Holy Spirit at Harris Park. On 20 December 2011, he received an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Notre Dame Australia. Archbishop of Sydney
On 18 September 2014, Pope Francis appointed <mask> as Archbishop of Sydney.The next day, <mask> called for harmony in the community in light of counter-terrorism raids that had just begun. He said, "As a religious leader though I think people of faith have something very important to do and to say at the moment. [These are] troubled times in our world and even in our own city. We need to bring some calm and some restraint and some wisdom at this time." <mask> was installed as Archbishop of Sydney on 12 November 2014 in a ceremony attended by the Lord Mayor of Sydney (Clover Moore), the Premier of New South Wales (Mike Baird) and John Howard, a former Prime Minister of Australia, as well as other politicians and leaders of Orthodox Christian and other religious communities in Sydney. On 6 May 2015, Pope Francis appointed <mask> a member of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. On 13 August 2015, <mask> debated world renown moral philosopher, Peter Singer on the legalisation of euthanasia at Sydney Town Hall.The debate was organised by the Sydney University Catholic Society and adjudicated by the ABC's Editor of Religion and Ethics, Scott Stephens. <mask> argued that euthanasia, “creates two classes of people: those whose lives we value and those whose lives we don’t” and that while comforting people through their suffering requires more from society, it also places more value on humanity and endorses the intrinsic value of life. In December 2015, <mask> was diagnosed with Guillain–Barré syndrome following a gastrointestinal infection which was complicated by an immune-related pathology. He received intensive care treatment, physiotherapy and rehabilitation at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, before moving to Mount Wilga Rehabilitation Centre. The Archdiocese of Sydney announced that <mask> would return to regular, active duties from 5 May 2016 and he celebrated his first public Mass on 29 May 2016. Pope Francis named <mask> as a member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches on 6 August 2019. The appointment involves specific dialogue with the Eastern churches in Australia and across the world.Response to child sexual abuse cases
In July 2008, when asked at a World Youth Day press conference about an alleged case of clerical sexual abuse in Melbourne years earlier, <mask> said: "Happily, I think most of Australia was enjoying delighting in the beauty and goodness of these young people and the hope — the hope for us doing these sorts of things better in the future — as we saw last night [at World Youth Day], rather than, than dwelling crankily, as a few people are doing, on old wounds." The father of the alleged victims and advocates for survivors of abuse reacted angrily and criticised <mask>'s language. One said: "We've had non-stop calls from family members who are angry and distressed about this young Bishop's response." <mask> later said his comment was taken out of context: "I called the reporters cranky and, boy, did I get jumped upon ... they said I was calling the abuse victims cranky, which I certainly wasn't doing." When he became archbishop, <mask> committed the church to doing better in its response to child sexual abuse cases. Upon being named archbishop, he said, "Victims of abuse and all young people must come first – no excuses, no cover-ups. The Church must do better in this area and I am committed to playing a leading role in regaining the confidence of the community and of our own members."He stated that the "Church in Australia is going through a period of public scrutiny and self-examination" and expressed his hope that it "will emerge from this purified, humbler, more compassionate and spiritually regenerated." He lamented the institutionalised child sexual abuse that occurred historically in his former Diocese of Parramatta and took the opportunity to apologise for what he acknowledged as the Church's failure to properly assist victims. Speaking of previous abuse cases, he reiterated his desire for openness and change saying, "We want to make sure every child is safe and cherished going forward." At the Mass for his installation as Archbishop of Sydney, <mask> said: "To survivors of abuse and all affected I say: the Church is - I am - profoundly sorry for what happened. All young people must be cherished and protected. The Church can do better and I am committed to giving a lead in this area. I pray that the Church will emerge from this period of public scrutiny humbler, more compassionate and spiritually regenerated.Only then will we regain credibility and trust in many people's eyes." He repeated this apology at the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse and held a service of Prayers of Forgiveness and Reparation at St Mary's Cathedral following the release of the commission's final report. Views

Australian federal election, 2016
In the campaign cycle leading up to the 2016 federal elections, <mask> condemned the policies of the Australian Greens, describing them as "nasty" and contravening "basic moral standards". He called on the government to honour its commitment to take in Syrian Christian refugees and put in place common-sense policies regarding refugees and asylum seekers in light of the exposition of abuse suffered by detainees in offshore processing centres. He stated that it was a "matter of striking a balance" although adding that "[he did not] know all the answers". This followed calls that he made in September 2015 exhorting the government to consider increasing its humanitarian refugee intake and to prioritise Christians fleeing Syria believing it necessary due to "campaigns to drive Christians from the Middle East". Both the Anglican and Catholic churches in Australia had also asked the government to consider increasing its yearly humanitarian refugee intake by 10,000.Same-sex marriage and other LGBT issues

<mask> has consistently opposed the legalisation of same-sex marriage. According to The Independent newspaper, this is "part of his general stance against increased rights for LGBT people." New Ways Ministry has drawn attention to a number of "LGBT-negative statements" <mask> has made. In March 2017, <mask> stated that businesses such as Qantas and Telstra should not sponsor Pride events aimed at supporting LGBT staff or encouraging non-discrimination, nor lobby in favour of the legalisation of same-sex marriage. He accused private sector chief executives of applying "pink bans" to other companies or executives that did not support such issues. In August 2017, during the political debate to determine whether Australia should introduce same-sex marriage, <mask> argued that religious schools, charities and hospitals could be coerced to comply with the "new view of marriage" if the majority of Australians opted for a change in legislation and that teachers would not be free to follow the "traditional" church teaching on marriage, but instead be forced to teach a more "politically correct" curriculum. He said that religious believers would be vulnerable to discrimination suits and could even lose their jobs if same-sex marriage is legalised.He also wrote a letter to all parents of children in Catholic schools across New South Wales to advise them to vote no to a change in the law. Same-sex marriage was subsequently introduced to Australia by an act of federal parliament in December 2017 following widespread support in a national postal survey. <mask> said he was "deeply disappointed" with the result. Gonski Report
In 2017, the Turnbull Government decided to adopt the key recommendations of the 2011 Gonski Report commissioned by the Gillard Government. There were concerns from the Opposition and other faith-based education providers that the needs-based funding model the Government proposed to adopt would disproportionately affect faith-based schools. In response, <mask> welcomed the Government's decision to adopt a needs-based funding model but decried its falling short of what Gonski recommended in his original report. He also denied all allegations that the Catholic Church was asking for special treatment for its schools with respect to funding and stated that whilst, on a cursory examination, needs-based funding seemed equitable, it would disproportionately affect students from poor socioeconomic backgrounds in low-fee Catholic schools.Writings

Notes

References

1960 births
Living people
Alumni of Blackfriars, Oxford
Australian Dominicans
Australian people of Anglo-Irish descent
Australian people of Basque descent
Australian people of Italian descent
Australian people of Romanian descent
Australian Roman Catholics
Australian solicitors
Bioethicists
Dominican bishops
Members of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
People with Guillain–Barré syndrome
Pontifical Academy for Life
Roman Catholic archbishops of Sydney
Roman Catholic bishops of Parramatta
University of Sydney alumni

masks:
Anthony Colin Fisher
Fisher
Colin Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher