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<mask><mask> (March 21, 1876 – August 7, 1964), often known as <mask>, was an American publisher in New York City in the early 20th century. <mask>

<mask> was the son of Rabbi <mask>, who had immigrated to the United States from Hungary in 1866 and died in New York, 1884. He played violin and studied under composer and pianist Sam Franko. Career

Beginning work in his older brother's small print shop, which he gradually transformed into a publishing house. B. W<mask> (1900–1924)

In 1900, <mask> established the publishing house B. W. Huebsch. He was the first publisher in the United States of: D. H. Lawrence's book Sons and Lovers (1913), James Joyce's Dubliners (1916) and Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916), and Sherwood Anderson's Winesburg, Ohio (1919). He also published Georges Sorel's Réflexions sur la violence (1908) as Reflections on Violence, translated by T. E. Hulme and published by Huebsch in 1914.Circa January 1918, B. W. Huebsch published the book The Poets of Modern France by Ludwig Lewisohn, A.M., Litt.D., Professor at the Ohio State University. This is a translation of major French poets into English. Quoting from the Preface: "In every age the critical conservatives have protested in the name of eternal principles which, alas, are not eternal at all." The Freeman magazine (1920–1924)

Huebsch published The Freeman magazine from 1920 to 1924. The magazine's co-editors were Francis Neilson (a former British MP) and Albert Jay Nock (a Libertarian whose autobiography Memoirs of a Superfluous Man influenced <mask><mask> Sr. and <mask><mask> Jr. among others). Neilson's wealthy wife, Helen Swift Neilson, financed the magazine. Contributors included: Charles A.<mask>, <mask> Chamberlin, Thomas Mann, Lewis Mumford, <mask>, Lincoln Steffens, Louis Untermeyer, Thorstein Veblen and Suzanne La Follette (the more Libertarian cousin of Senator Robert M. La Follette). Viking Press (1925–1964)
In 1925 he merged his publishing house with the Viking Press, where he worked as an editor and vice president. At Viking, he published numerous German-speaking authors, including: Lion Feuchtwanger, <mask> (though not <mask>el's later controversial Class Reunion, published by Simon & Schuster in 1929 and translated by <mask> Chambers), Arnold Zweig, and Stefan Zweig. Further authors he published included: Irwin Edman, Rumer Godden, <mask>, <mask>. Associations

<mask> was a member of the Henry Ford Peace Plan Commission (1915–1916). He was a signatory member of the Committee of Forty-Eight in 1919. (This was an American liberal political association to create a new political party for social reform in opposition to the increasingly conservatism in both the Republican and Democratic parties.The name reflect the 48 states of the time, as well as the desire for a broad, national movement of moderate progressives. The committee failed to form a third party, despite sympathetic activists from the labor movement in 1920. The "Forty-Eighters") then became constituents in the Conference for Progressive Political Action in 1922, a movement culminating in the independent candidacy of Robert LaFollete for President of the United States in 1924. He may have been a communist, as some have stated. Diana Trilling wrote in her memoir The Beginning of the Journey (1993) that <mask> refused to ever republish her husband Lionel Trilling's only novel, The Middle of the Journey (1947) because he was a communist. <mask> Chambers:  A Biography (1997) claims "Unbeknownst to Trilling, Viking's publisher [sic] <mask> was a Communist and had quietly offered his services to the Hiss defense", based on an unsigned memo dated January 27, 1949, from Meyer Zeligs, further cited by Twilight of the Intellectuals(1999)  In 1934, <mask> did help celebrate the tenth anniversary of Alexander Trachtenberg's International Publishers, the (un)official publisher for the CPUSA—along with other publishers, including <mask> Cerf of Random House, Alfred Knopf of Knopf Publishing, W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company, John Chamberlain of The New York Times, and Lewis Gannett of the Herald Tribune. <mask> joined the League of American Writers, a Popular Front group organized by the Communist Party in 1935 and disbanded in 1943.(His relative <mask> was also a member.) He was a long-time member of P.E.N. and served on numerous boards there. He began serving as a board member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) upon its founding by Roger Nash <mask> and served as its treasurer from 1926 until his death in 1964. (The ACLU supported Free Speech in the U.S., and so would have supported <mask>'s earlier publications of books by Lawrence, Joyce, and Anderson amidst controversial Free Speech issues of the time.) He represented the book industry on a U.S. National Committee for Unesco in 1949. He helped establish the National Association of Book Publishers.Personal and death

In 1920, <mask> married Alfhild Lamm. <mask> had a close relationship with James Joyce, documented in correspondence. He died in London on August 7, 1964. Awards

 1964 - Irita Van Doren Award (first ever)

Legacy

<mask>'s papers are archived at the Library of Congress, with documentation completed in 2013. It contains correspondence with an extraordinary range of writers and intellectuals. Marshall A<mask> started as apprentice to <mask> at B.W.<mask> in 1923, right after graduating from Harvard University, continued with <mask> at Viking Press in 1925, became one of Viking's chief editors and eventually chairman of its executive committee. <mask> worked with numerous American authors, including: Erskine Caldwell (a client of Maxim Lieber), Sheldon Cheney, Malcolm Cowley, Howard Mumford Jones, Rex Stout, Theodore Morrison, Dorothy Parker, <mask>, <mask>, Lionel Trilling. He also worked with many British authors, including: Graham Greene, <mask>, Sylvia Townsend <mask>, Rumer Godden, and Iris Murdoch. Other authors include R.K. Narayan of India and <mask> of Australia. With Pascal Covici in 1943, he developed the "Viking Portable Library" and served as its general editor (75 titles of comprehensive anthologies of works by an established author, period, or subject). He also served as treasurer of the American P.E.N. Center.During WWII, he served on the Council on Books in Wartime and the Armed Services Editions. References

Further reading

External links

 Finding aid to B. W. Huebsch papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library. Roger Nash <mask> Papers 1885-1996:  correspondence dated 1964

American book publishers (people)
1876 births
1964 deaths

masks:
Benjamin W
. Huebsch
Ben Huebsch
Background
Huebsch
Adolphus Huebsch
. Huebsch
Huebsch
William F
. Buckley
William F
. Buckley
Beard
William Henry
Bertrand Russell
Franz Werfel
Werf
Whittaker
William White
Patrick White
Huebsch
Huebsch
Whittaker
Ben Huebsch
Huebsch
Bennet
Huebsch
Edward Huebsch
Baldwin
Huebsch
Huebsch
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. Best
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Best
Alexander Woollcott
Wallace Stegner
Rebecca West
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Patrick White
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<mask> (born December 3, 1940) is an American educator and religious leader. He served as the ninth President of Brigham Young University and is a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, <mask> is accepted by the church as a prophet, seer, and revelator. Currently, he is the fourth most senior apostle in the church. <mask> was born and raised in St. George, Utah. After graduating from high school, his college education began at Dixie College and he also served a mission for the LDS Church in Great Britain. After returning from his mission, he transferred to Brigham Young University (BYU) and graduated with a bachelor's degree in English.He later earned a master's degree in Religious Education at BYU. <mask> received a second master's degree and later a Ph.D in American Studies at Yale University. In 1974, <mask> was appointed the Dean of Religious Education at BYU and was appointed as the eleventh commissioner of the Church Educational System (CES) two years later, replacing Neal A. Maxwell. In 1980, <mask> became the ninth president of BYU, replacing Dallin H. Oaks. Early life and education
<mask> was born in St. George, Utah. His father, Frank D<mask>, was a convert to the LDS Church while his mother, Alice, came from a long line of Latter-day Saints. As a youth, he worked as a newspaper carrier, a grocery bagger, and a service station attendant.As a young man, <mask> served in what was then known as the British Mission. His mission president was Marion D. Hanks, a general authority of the church. He and Quentin L. Cook were missionary companions. <mask> graduated from Dixie High School. He helped the Flyers capture state high school championships in football and basketball. He began his college education at Dixie College before his mission. After returning from his mission, he served as co-captain of the Dixie basketball team.In 2011, the school broke ground for the <mask>. <mask> Centennial Commons Building, a building to honor both <mask> and the school's 2011 centennial. The completed building was dedicated in September 2012. <mask> transferred to BYU, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in English. He wrote a thesis on selected changes to the text of the Book of Mormon to complete his master's degree in religious education from BYU, while also teaching religion classes part-time. After earning his master's degree, <mask> became an Institute of Religion teacher in Hayward, California. He worked as an institute director in Seattle, Washington. <mask> attended Yale University and earned a second master's degree in American studies, and later a PhD in the same subject.At Yale, <mask> studied with American literary scholar and critic R. W. B. Lewis and authored a dissertation on the religious sense of Mark Twain. He was an instructor at the LDS Church's institute in Hartford while he was a student at Yale. While studying at Yale, <mask> served as a counselor in the presidency of the LDS Church's Hartford Connecticut Stake. Leadership at BYU and CES
<mask> served as an institute director in Salt Lake City after earning his Ph.D. He also served as director of the Melchizedek Priesthood MIA and as chair of the Young Adult Committee for the LDS Church. In 1974, at the age of thirty-three, <mask> was appointed Dean of Religious Education at BYU. From 1976 to 1980, he served as the eleventh commissioner of CES, replacing Neal A. Maxwell, who was called to the First Council of the Seventy.During this time, <mask> also served on the board of directors of LDS Hospital and of the Polynesian Cultural Center. In 1980, <mask> was appointed to succeed Dallin H. Oaks as president of BYU. After a search committee was formed, as a favorite candidate of the First Counselor in the LDS Church's First Presidency, N. Eldon Tanner, and the protege of the chair of the executive committee of the BYU Board of Trustees, Gordon B. Hinckley, <mask> was appointed less than two days later. As the church's Commissioner of Education at the time Oaks was released, <mask> was supposed to compile a list of candidates to be the next BYU president. Instead, he was unexpectedly notified of the First Presidency's intention to make him president. After his appointment, rumors on campus cited the decision as "politically motivated". Before he arrived in Provo, <mask> reduced the number of vice-presidents to four and increased the number of assistant and associate vice-presidents over academics.Holland easily transitioned into the role of president. He was familiar with the president's duties, since he had worked closely with Oaks as the Commissioner of Education. He placed emphasis on upgrading programs and improving relationships with faculty rather than focusing on physical expansion of the campus. In order to supplement the school's funds, Holland launched a fundraiser called "Excellence in the Eighties" which sought to raise $100 million from 1982 to 1987. Specific funds were raised for student scholarships, academic programs, faculty salaries, and extension programs. He emphasized hiring more qualified faculty and purchasing more library and research materials. He supervised the building of the Crabtree Technology Building, but didn't promise more than ten new buildings during his presidency.A significant achievement during <mask>'s presidency was the founding of the BYU Jerusalem Center. Also during his presidency, the BYU Center for International Studies was renamed the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies and had its role at BYU re-emphasized. There had been a large amount of debate about BYU's dress code throughout the previous administration. <mask> clarified his support for dress code rules. Regarding violations of the Honor Code, if a student requested their names be removed from the church records, <mask> instituted a policy in which they would have to receive special permission from the Board of Trustees in order to remain enrolled in school. During <mask>'s presidency, the weekly independent student newspaper, The 7th East Press was shut down due to writing about controversial topics. However, student editor Dean Huffaker believed that <mask> had tried to prevent them from being banned because <mask> was conscious of public relations and didn't want to cause controversy.The students stated that they believed the ban came from one of the LDS Church's general authorities. <mask> had the re-establishment of religious instruction as the "hub" of BYU's academics as one of his significant administrative goals. While he did not initiate any significant changes along these lines he did in his public communications regularly emphasize the importance of religious education. As president of BYU, <mask> encouraged academic excellence in an atmosphere of faith. <mask> emphasized that BYU could not do everything, but would seek excellence in what it did choose to do. <mask> served as the president of the American Association of Presidents of Independent Colleges and Universities (AAPICU) and as a member of the NCAA's presidents' committee. He also received the "Torch of Liberty" award from the Anti-Defamation League.Service in the LDS Church
<mask> was called as a general authority and member of the First Quorum of the Seventy on April 1, 1989, bringing an end to his term as president of BYU. As a member of the Seventy, <mask> was a counselor in the general presidency of the church's Young Men organization from 1989 to 1990. Prior to his call as a general authority, <mask> served as bishop of a single adult ward in Seattle, as a counselor in the presidency of the Hartford Connecticut Stake, and as a regional representative. He also served in the presidency of two other stakes and as a stake high councilor. From 1990 to 1993, <mask> and his wife lived in Solihull, England where he served as president of the church's Europe North Area. <mask> was ordained an apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on June 23, 1994, by Howard W. Hunter. He was selected as an apostle following the death of church president Ezra Taft Benson and was sustained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on October 1, 1994.In 2000, <mask> became the chair of the Missionary Curriculum Task Force which worked to develop Preach My Gospel. <mask> lived in Santiago and served as president of the church's Chile Area from 2002 to 2004. In church general conferences in the fall of 2007 and spring of 2008, <mask> gave sermons that directly answered accusations that Latter-day Saints are not Christians. At the April 2009 general conference, <mask> gave a sermon about the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the importance of Christ's statement, "my God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me". This talk was later reformatted with music and put on a website for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, where by August 2009 it had been viewed over 500,000 times. In 2012, <mask> was the member of the Quorum of the Twelve with responsibility for the affairs of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Africa. In early 2012, he went to Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ghana to meet with members and missionaries.He also met with the Vice President of Sierra Leone, Samuel Sam-Sumana. In December 2012, <mask> organized the 3000th stake for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Freetown, Sierra Leone. On March 12, 2012, the Harvard Law School hosted <mask> for a Mormonism 101 series. On June 10, 2015, he addressed the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Foreign Affairs in the House of Lords at the UK Parliament. In 2016, <mask> was keynote speaker at the Boy Scouts of America's (BSA) Duty to God breakfast, as part of his assignment as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' chief representative to the BSA. As of January 2018, among his other assignments, <mask> continues his service on the Church Board of Education and Boards of Trustees, where he also serves as chairman of the Executive Committee. In November 2018, <mask> spoke at a major inter-religious conference at Oxford University.During the same trip, <mask> met with Theresa May, Prime Minister of Great Britain. This may have been the first official meeting of an apostle for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with a British Prime Minister. In January 2019, <mask> presided at the groundbreaking for the church's Urdaneta Philippines Temple. He also spoke at a multi-stake conference in the Philippines that week. In 2020, while still serving as the chairman of the executive committee of the BYU-Hawaii board of trustees, he announced the appointment of John S. K. Kauwe III as the institution's new president. In August 2021, <mask> spoke at BYU's annual conference for faculty and staff and the speech sparked controversy within the LQBTQ+ community. <mask> and his wife, Patricia Terry, were married on June 7, 1963, in the St. George Temple.They are the parents of three children. Their oldest son, Matthew S<mask>, served as president of Utah Valley University from 2009 to 2018 and has been a general authority since April 2020. Their youngest son, David F<mask>, is a professor at Harvard Divinity School. Works
Books

Speeches

  — unofficial transcript

Awards
 Eagle Scout Award by the Boy Scouts of America (1955)
 Distinguished Eagle Scout Award by the National Eagle Scout Association
 Torch of Liberty Award by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith
 Washington County Exemplary Manhood Award (July 2013)

See also
 Council on the Disposition of the Tithes

References

Further reading

External links

 General Authorities and General Officers: Elder <mask><mask>
 <mask> on Special Witnesses of Christ

1940 births
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American Latter Day Saint writers
American Mormon missionaries in England
Apostles (LDS Church)
Brigham Young University alumni
Church Educational System instructors
Commissioners of Church Education (LDS Church)
Counselors in the General Presidency of the Young Men (organization)
Dixie State University alumni
Living people
Mormon apologists
People from St. George, Utah
Presidents of Brigham Young University
Regional representatives of the Twelve
Yale University alumni
American general authorities (LDS Church)
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Latter Day Saints from California
Latter Day Saints from Connecticut
American expatriates in Chile
Harold B. Lee Library-related University Archives articles

masks:
Jeffrey Roy Holland
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. Holland
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Jeffrey R
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Sir <mask> (1699 – 7 December 1733) was an Irish architect, and the chief exponent of Palladianism in Ireland. He is thought to have initially studied as an architect under his father's first cousin, Sir John Vanbrugh. He is best known for the Irish Houses of Parliament in Dublin, and his work on Castletown House. The architectural concepts he employed on both civic and private buildings were to change the face of architecture in Ireland. He could be described as the father of Irish Palladian architecture and Georgian Dublin. Early life
<mask> was born about 1699 in County Meath and was the only child of General <mask>, a first cousin of the architect Sir John Vanbrugh, and Frances, daughter of <mask>, Lord Mayor of Dublin 1676–77 and previously a merchant in Turkey. In that same year Vanbrugh was beginning work on his first great architectural commission of Castle Howard which was the first truly baroque house in England, ironically Vanbrugh's new cousin was to be one of the leading architects whose designs were to overthrow the baroque fashion less than 28 years later.In 1715 following the death of his father, <mask> became a pupil of his eminent architect cousin, it is therefore likely that <mask> would have had the opportunity to see first hand and study the plans and building of Blenheim Palace, where work, following the death of Queen Anne, had just restarted, and was midway through its fraught and frequently interrupted construction. It seems though, that at this age <mask> was still uncertain if he wanted an architectural career, as aged 17 he joined the army serving as a cornet in the dragoons under the command of a Colonel Morris. Following his time in the army, he decided circa 1722, to return to his first career and again began to study architecture, he did this by studying the architectural masterpieces of France and Italy. However it was in the Veneto that he found the style of architecture which was to influence him most. He made detailed drawings of many of the great villas designed by Palladio which were to serve as the inspiration for his later work. He met in Italy the Florentine architect Alessandro Galilei, who was working from afar on a vast grandiose mansion near Dublin – Castletown. About 1725 <mask> married Ann, his own first-cousin, daughter of General <mask> and Mary Hewes.They were to have four daughters who inherited great-grandfather <mask>'s manor of Whitlingham by Norwich, Norfolk. They were: Mary, Mrs Lewis Thomas then Mrs James Slator but mother of Major-General Lewis Thomas; Anne, Mrs Chambre Hallowes; Frances, Mrs Benjamin Lake; and Henrietta, Mrs Charles Willington. He remained a Captain in Colonel Clement Neville's Dragoons. Architectural career
By 1724, <mask> had returned to Ireland to become a practising architect in Dublin, It would appear that as the only Irish architect, at the time, to have studied in Italy, his classical concepts were to win him instant recognition, his architectural success seems to have been almost instantaneous; no doubt helped by his contacts and position in Irish society and even more undoubtedly by his association with William Conolly and Castletown. Castletown

Castletown House is the largest and one of the most important country houses in Ireland, it also claims to be the house which introduced Palladianism to Ireland. The mansion was commissioned by William Conolly (1662–1729), a self-made man who had risen from humble origins through astute property dealings to become one of the wealthiest and influential men in Ireland. The original plans were drawn by Alessandro Galilei circa 1718, the new mansion was intended to reflect Conolly's political power as Lord Justice of Ireland.Galilei though returned to Italy in 1719, having drawn the plans, but not waiting to see building on the Castletown site commence. In fact work was not to start until 1722. For two years, the project seems to have continued unsupervised, until in 1724, it was taken over by the twenty-five-year-old <mask> <mask>. Just returned to Ireland from Italy, it is likely that <mask> had been working on the plans with Galilei there. Hence Pierce's connection with Castletown probably predates his return to Ireland. It is possible that it was to oversee the building of Castletown that provided <mask> with the impetus to return home to Ireland. Building at Castletown was to continue for the rest of <mask>'s life.It is not known precisely how much of Castletown is Galilei's work and how much <mask>'s. If in Italy <mask> had been employed by Galilei and worked on the plans, then, as was the custom of the time, <mask>'s work as an employee would have been credited to his master. Galilei was certainly responsible for devising the overall scheme of a principal centre mansion, flanked by colonnades leading to two service wings, in the true Palladian manner. Castletown was the first house in Ireland designed with this layout. The rigid symmetry of Castletown's classical façades, designed by Galilei was to be typical too of <mask>'s later work. The interiors and final room plans are believed to be the work of <mask>, however the long suite of reception rooms along the ground-floor garden front, are not in the strict Palladian tradition. Such a mansion as Castletown, in Italy, would have been a town Palazzo rather than a country villa.The long suite of room with a central salon, terminating with smaller rooms at the end of the enfilade is more typical of the suites of state rooms in English country houses at the time. The central saloon at Castletown opens into the two-storey entrance hall, which is traversed by a corridor running the length of the mansion; the principal staircase is situated in an adjoining hall to the side of the great hall. In this layout of state rooms, hall and staircase Castletown is similar to Blenheim Palace, which <mask> had studied while a student of Vanbrugh. (While <mask> designed the staircase it was not actually constructed until 1760, some 28 years after his death.) Bellamont House

Another of <mask>'s earliest commissions occurred when he was commissioned by his mother's brother-in-law Thomas Coote to build Bellamont House, also known as Bellamont Forest, on the outskirts of Cootehill in the north-east of County Cavan. This family connection was not unusual, as several of <mask>'s clients were related to him. Like Castletown, Bellamont claims to be Ireland's first Palladian house.Dates attributed to the design range from 1725–1730, whatever the date (1725 is probable) it is almost certain that this was the first of Ireland's many Palladian houses to be completed. The four bays square modestly sized mansion is clearly inspired by Palladio's Villa Capra. The principal façade has as its ground floor a rusticated semi-basement, above which is the piano nobile at the centre is a four columned portico with a pediment, the portico is flanked by a single high sash window on each side. The main entrance beneath the one-storey portico is reached by a single flight of broad steps. Above the piano nobile is a secondary floor with windows exactly half the size of those below. The entire façade is just four windows wide. The composition is a hybrid between the grandest of the Veneto's villas and a slightly exalted farmhouse, which ironically was the very intention of Palladio's original designs 200 years previously.While Castletown is a symbol or wealth and power, the far smaller Bellamont is the greater symbol of Palladianism and architectural perfection. Also during this period of his work <mask> redesigned the south elevation of Drumcondra House (now All Hallows Campus, Dublin). Stillorgan Obelisk

Following a famine in 1727, an Obelisk at Stillorgan, attributed to <mask>, was erected as a memorial to those who had perished. This granite monument, over 100 feet high, contains in its base a large vaulted hall from which rises a staircase leading to a viewing platform. The attribution to <mask> is probable, although the monument is in an almost avant-garde neoclassical style, with Egyptian influences; however <mask> was living in the parish at this time in a house known as The Grove. This large house (subsequently known as Tigh Lorcain Hall) was replaced by the Stillorgan Bowling Alley in 1963. Irish Parliament House
In 1727, <mask> was elected Member of Parliament in the Irish House of Commons for the Ratoath in County Meath, assisted by his patron Speaker Conolly, for whom he was continuously working at Castletown.The Irish Government had decided in that same year to replace their existing meeting place at Chichester House, College Green, Dublin with a new purpose-built parliament building. It was Speaker Conolly who first suggested building the new Parliament House on College Green, therefore it is unsurprising, perhaps, that it was <mask> the Member of Parliament (MP) and employee of Conolly who was eventually chosen to design the project. The foundation stone of the new Parliament building was laid in 1729, the Palladian design was, as intended, awe inspiring with a huge colonnade facing onto College Green. The two legislator Houses of Parliament contained an octagonal classical temple, complete with Pantheon-style dome, as its House of Commons, (destroyed by fire in 1792). The public gallery here could hold up to 700 spectators, symbolising true open government; the smaller but still exquisite House of Lords survives, along with its central arcade and pediment. The building at the beginning of the 19th century was taken over by the Bank of Ireland, substantial alterations have been made since, including a large extension by Gandon and Johnson. A condition of the sale to the bank was that all signs of Parliament were to be removed.However, the concepts of <mask> are still very evident in the surviving House of Lords. Cashel Palace
As architect of the Parliament building, in 1730 <mask> was appointed Surveyor General of Ireland, he succeeded Thomas Burgh. This important position, a mere four years after his return from Italy was the seal on his success. While work was continuing on the parliament building in 1730 Pierce, now Ireland's most famed and sought after architect, was commissioned by Archbishop Theophilus Bolton to build the new bishop's palace, at Cashel, in County Tipperary. The result was a large unostentatious red brick Palladian mansion, on two principal floors, the hipped roof hidden by a brick pediment, the main façade seven bays long had at its centre a three bayed projection, the only ornament was dressed stone double strapping indicating the ground and first floor division. On the ground floor the terminating two bays were replaced by venetian windows. The result was a house of restrained refinement.<mask> also designed the landscaping of the grounds of the palace complete with their private path to Rock of Cashel. The Cashel Palace Hotel now operates from the property. Desart Court
Desart Court was constructed in 1733 for the first Lord Desart, John Cuffe. It was a five-bay 2 storey house with a basement. It was ultimately destroyed in a fire by the IRA in 1923. Other buildings

Among other buildings that <mask> <mask> supposedly designed are the stables at Dartrey Estate, the Deanery House on Fishamble Street, Gloster House, County Offaly, Woodlands house in Clonshaugh and 9 and 10 Henrietta Street and possibly other houses on the Street. Legacy

Following the acclaim given to the new Parliament building, the structure was near enough completed in 1731 for Parliament to be held there, in 1732 <mask> was knighted, this honour was followed by the freedom of the city of Dublin in 1733.Sir <mask> <mask> was then at the height of his success and popularity. In addition to the better known works described above <mask> worked on numerous other commissions, a vast mansion known at Summerhill House in County Meath (demolished in the 1950s) was attributed to him, although his contemporary, the architect Richard Cassels is thought to have overseen this work. <mask> also designed smaller and more modest town houses for the wealthy and aristocratic of Dublin; two examples of his work survive in Henrietta Street (illustrated above right). His design at No.9 was for his first cousin Mrs Thomas Carter. Tragically it was to be a short period, within weeks of receiving the freedom of Dublin, he was struck down with an abscess and died of septicaemia 16 November 1733 at his home, The Grove, Stillorgan, aged just 34. His remains were buried on 10 December 1733 in St Mary's Graveyard, Donnybrook. His widow and four children survived him.Ann died at her house in St Stephen's Green Dublin on 15 July 1749 and was buried at Donnybrook on 17 July 1749. <mask> <mask>'s rise had been meteoric; in just six years of architectural practice he had scaled the greatest heights of both private and civic architectural practice. He had introduced Palladianism to a country which was to adopt it with a gusto unlike any other European country. At the time of his death he presided over an entire community of Palladian architects perpetuating his interpretations of Palladio's work throughout Ireland. See also

Georgian Dublin
Architecture of Ireland

References

External links

 Cashel Palace
 Castletown
 Bellamont House
 Stillorgan Obelisk
 Henrietta Street, Dublin

1699 births
1733 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
Infectious disease deaths in Ireland
Irish architects
Irish MPs 1727–1760
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Meath constituencies
People from County Meath
Surveyors General of Ireland
<mask>, <mask>
Burials at Donnybrook Cemetery
Georgian architecture in Ireland
18th-century Irish architects

masks:
Edward Lovett Pearce
Edward Lovett Pearce
Edward Pearce
Christopher Lovett
Pearce
Pearce
Pearce
Edward
Thomas Pearce
Pearce
Pearce
Edward Lovett
Pearce
Pearce
Pearce
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Pearce
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Pearce
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Pearce
Pearce
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Pearce
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Pearce
Pearce
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Pearce
Lovett
Pearce
Pearce
Edward Lovett
Pearce
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Edward Lovett
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Lovett
Edward Lovett


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<mask>, Hon. FRSL (born 12 May 1953) is an English publisher, editor and writer. He is best known as the founder of the poetry publishing house Bloodaxe Books. Life and work
<mask> was born in Portchester, Hampshire, and grew up in nearby Fareham. He was educated at Price's School, Fareham (1964–71), the Alliance Française, Paris (1972), and Newcastle University (1975–78 and 1979–81). From 1972 to 1975 he worked in Leicester, Colchester, London, Paris and Australia, as a journalist, in publishing (Yale University Press), and as a press officer for Warner Brothers’ magazine division and for Lyons Maid ice cream. In his essay "The Story of Bloodaxe", he recounts two early life-changing experiences, the first in France in 1972 when he "spent six months in post-'68 Paris... and was radicalised".The second was in Darwin, Australia, where he was working as a sub-editor on the Northern Territory News: "On Christmas Day, 1974, Darwin was destroyed by Cyclone Tracy. I was trapped under a collapsed house. This brush with death was enough to send me post haste to Newcastle, where I was soon working as a bus conductor while waiting to start my course." In Newcastle upon Tyne, while studying for his degree at the university, he worked as production editor on Jon Silkin's Stand magazine for three years, helped organise poetry readings at Morden Tower, and became involved with small press editing and publishing. <mask> is a patron of the Ledbury Poetry Festival, having previously served on its board as a trustee. He has also been a development committee member of Cúirt International Literature Festival in Galway, Ireland, an organiser of Newcastle Literary Festival, and a director for three years of the Poetry Book Society, responsible for adding poetry in translation to the society's remit. He guest-edited the Spring 2015 issue of the US literary journal Ploughshares, the first all-poetry issue in its 44-year history.He has been a contributor to numerous radio and television programmes in Britain and Ireland, including the Today Programme, Front Row, Midweek and Start the Week on BBC Radio 4, The Verb on BBC Radio 3, University Challenge on BBC Two, GMTV's The Sunday Programme, and The Arts Show and Poetry Now on RTÉ. In 2018 he was made an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Bloodaxe
After graduating in 1978 with a first in English, <mask> founded his poetry publishing house Bloodaxe Books in Newcastle upon Tyne. He ran it alone from home while doing postgraduate research and other jobs, until it could pay him a wage seven years later. In 1982, he secured Bloodaxe's first annual funding from Northern Arts, later superseded by more substantial annual grant support from Arts Council England. In 1984 he moved the press into its first office, in the Exchange Buildings on Newcastle's Quayside. Bloodaxe is currently based in Hexham, Northumberland.As Bloodaxe's sole editor and managing director, <mask> has published over a thousand books by over 400 writers, and edits, produces and typesets all the press's annual output of around 30 new titles a year. Bloodaxe won the Northern Electric Arts Award in 1989 and the Sunday Times Small Publisher of the Year Award in 1990. In 1995 <mask> was given an honorary DLitt by Newcastle University, where he has been a Visiting Fellow at its School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics since 2000. This has involved publishing the series of annual Newcastle/Bloodaxe Poetry Lectures given at the university. <mask>'s stated aim has been to achieve editorial breadth and balance by publishing what he believes to be the best of many different kinds of poetry: "The only positive discrimination I have exercised has been in favour of literary quality", which has involved commissioning several anthologies designed to redress imbalances in the availability of writing by women or minorities, including Jeni Couzyn's Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Women Poets (1985), E. A. Markham's Hinterland: Caribbean Poetry from the West Indies and Britain (1989), Deryn Rees-Jones's Modern Women Poets (2005), published as the companion anthology to a critical study, Consorting with Angels (2005), Jeet Thayil's Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Indian Poets (2008), Out of Bounds: British Black & Asian Poets (ed. Jackie Kay, James Procter and Gemma Robinson, 2012), and three anthologies of emerging black and minority ethnic poets mentored through the Complete Works project established by Spread the Word, Ten: new poets (ed. Bernardine Evaristo and Daljit Nagra, 2010), Ten: the new wave (ed.Karen McCarthy Woolf, 2014) and 'Ten: poets of the new generation (ed. Karen McCarthy Woolf, 2017). <mask> discovered many of the notable poets to emerge in British poetry over the past three decades: "<mask> was the first to publish some of the major players", Daisy Goodwin reported in a 1993 Guardian profile. These included Simon Armitage, David Constantine, Maura Dooley, Ian Duhig, Helen Dunmore, Jen Hadfield, Jackie Kay, Gwyneth Lewis, Glyn Maxwell, Sean O'Brien, Jo Shapcott and Pauline Stainer, many of whom are still published by his firm. Bloodaxe has attracted poets from other commercial poetry lists, including Philip Gross and Susan Wicks from Faber, Selima Hill and Peter Reading from Chatto, R. S. Thomas from Macmillan, Ken Smith from Cape, Adrian Mitchell from Allison & Busby, Brendan Kennelly from a variety of Irish presses, and eight poets from the distinguished poetry list discontinued by Oxford University Press in 1999: Fleur Adcock, Moniza Alvi, Basil Bunting, Roy Fisher, Carole Satyamurti, Penelope Shuttle, Anne Stevenson and George Szirtes. Philip Gross and George Szirtes went on to win the T. S. Eliot Prize with Bloodaxe collections, as did Jen Hadfield from Shetland, with her second collection. He has also sought to redress the neglect of marginalised poets, publishing important collected editions of writers such as Martin Bell (1988), James Wright (1992), Basil Bunting (2000), Barry MacSweeney (2003), Martin Carter (2006), Arun Kolatkar (2010), A. S. J. Tessimond (2010), Bernard Spencer (2011) and Richard Murphy (2013), as well as a seminal readers' edition of Edward Thomas: The Annotated Collected Poems (2008) edited by Edna Longley.In 2014, his ten-year search to find and republish the poet Rosemary Tonks, who famously "disappeared" in 1979 after severing all contact with the literary world, bore fruit with her posthumously published Bedouin of the London Evening: Collected Poems & Selected Prose. In 1985 <mask> encountered translations in an American magazine of poems by Irina Ratushinskaya, a young Russian poet then imprisoned in a Soviet prison camp for the "crime" of writing and distributing poems a judge had called "a danger to the state". At the age of 28, she had been sentenced to seven years' hard labour. He commissioned a translator, David McDuff, to produce a book of her poetry in English, which he combined with documentary material on the poet's imprisonment obtained from Amnesty International. It included extracts from a camp diary charting life in the "Small Zone", a special unit for women prisoners of conscience in Mordovia, where the poet was held. The resulting book, No, I'm Not Afraid, was published in May 1986. An international campaign was mounted on her behalf, spearheaded by her own poetry, which led to her release in October 1986 on the eve of the Reykjavík Summit, after Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan had been given copies of her book by David Owen.<mask> also published Tony Harrison's v. (1985), a book-length poem set in a vandalised cemetery in Leeds during the Miners’ Strike. Two years after its publication, Richard Eyre’s film of the work on Channel 4 sparked a national furore, not over Harrison's left-wing politics, but over his skinhead protagonist's use of "bad language". <mask>'s response was to assemble a new edition of v. (1989) including the poem with documentation of the newspaper and other media coverage which became a set text on cultural studies courses. <mask> has commissioned books representing or addressing the poetry of particular generations or periods in British and Irish poetry, including the anthologies A Rumoured City (introduced by Philip Larkin, edited by Douglas Dunn, 1982),  The New Poetry (edited by Michael Hulse, David Kennedy and David Morley, 1993), The Bloodaxe Book of 20th Century Poetry from Britain and Ireland (edited by Edna Longley, 2000), The New Irish Poets (edited by Selina Guinness, 2004), Voice Recognition (edited by James Byrne and Clare Pollard, 2009), Identity Parade: New Poets from Britain and Ireland (edited by Roddy Lumsden, 2010) and Dear World & Everyone In It: new poetry in the UK (edited by Nathan Hamilton, 2013). In addition there have been books of essays, such as Sean O'Brien's The Deregulated Muse (1998), Strong Words (edited by W.N. Herbert and Matthew Hollis, 2000) and Deryn Rees-Jones's Modern Women Poets (2005). Reception
As editor at Bloodaxe for over 30 years <mask> has been credited with "revolutionising" and democratising poetry publishing in Britain.Praised for his "omnivorous inclusiveness", he has given readers "as wide a range as possible of contemporary poetry by all kinds of writers", in so doing bringing more readers to contemporary poetry. This involved overturning an earlier bias favouring Oxbridge-educated male writers from south-east England, and publishing leading poets from America, the Caribbean and Europe (including many collections and anthologies of translated poetry from France, Russia, Eastern Europe and Scandinavia in particular), alongside books by new and established poets from all parts of Britain and Ireland, the latter ranging from modernists Basil Bunting and J.H. Prynne to performance poets John Agard and Benjamin Zephaniah. He has sought to open up publishing opportunities for women poets, "not because they are women poets but because they are outstanding writers by any standard. For many years Bloodaxe has been unusual in having a poetry list which is 50:50 male: female", and being "responsive to the changing literatures of Britain and of other countries", so that in 2010 it was possible for a leading Black British writer, Bernardine Evaristo, to observe that "a single imprint, Bloodaxe Books, publishes nearly all the poets not with specialist black and Asian imprints, while several other prominent UK poetry publishers do not publish any black or Asian poets from Britain". <mask> has been called "the UK's leading anthologist", best known for Staying Alive: real poems for unreal times (2002), Britain's biggest selling anthology of contemporary poetry since publication, one of several books he has published aimed at broadening the readership of contemporary poetry and re-igniting the interest of readers who haven't read much poetry since school. A US edition was published in 2003 by Miramax, launched by Astley in New York as a book "for people who know they love poetry and for people who think they don't" at a reading shared with Meryl Streep, Liev Schrieber, Maria Tucci, Nina Cassian, Philip Levine, Glyn Maxwell, Paul Muldoon, Sharon Olds, Alice Quinn and Charles Simic.Staying Alive was a controversial book, popular with readers and booksellers.He has since published the second and third anthologies in his Staying Alive trilogy, Being Alive (2004) and Being Human (2011), which were followed by Essential Poems from the Staying Alive Trilogy (2012). In 2008 he published In Person: 30 Poets, filmed by Pamela Robertson-Pearce, claimed to be "the world's first DVD-anthology", consisting of films on two DVDs of six hours of readings by 30 poets with all the texts included in the accompanying anthology. This was followed in 2017 by In Person: World Poets, a larger compilation featuring 14 hours of readings and features on DVD covering 59 poets from around the world, again with all the texts included in the book. Writing
In 1982 <mask> received an Eric Gregory Award from the Society of Authors for a short collection of his own poems, The Speechless Act, later published by the Mandeville Press in 1984. His first book-length collection, Darwin Survivor (Peterloo Poets, 1988), was given a Poetry Book Society Recommendation. A second book of poems, Biting My Tongue, followed in 1995. He has also published two novels, The End of My Tether (2002/2003), which was shortlisted for the Whitbread First Novel Award, and The Sheep Who Changed the World (2005).41 no.1 (Spring 2015)
 Funny Ha-Ha, Funny Peculiar: a book of strange & comic poems (Bloodaxe Books, 2015)
 In Person: World Poets, with DVDs of films by Pamela Robertson-Pearce (Bloodaxe Books, 2017)
 Land of Three Rivers: the poetry of North-East England (Bloodaxe Books, 2017)
 Staying Human: new poems for Staying Alive (Bloodaxe Books, 2020)

Novels
 The End of My Tether (Flambard Press, 2002; Scribner, 2003)
 The Sheep Who Changed the World (Flambard Press, 2005)

Poetry collections
 The Speechless Act (The Mandeville Press, 1984), Eric Gregory Award
 Darwin Survivor (Peterloo Poets, 1988), Poetry Book Society Recommendation
 Biting My Tongue (Bloodaxe Books, 1995)

References

External links
 Book Trade Lives: British Library oral history interview
 Interview with <mask>. The Wolf, number 5, December 2003
 <mask>'s 2005 StAnza lecture: "Bile, Guile and Dangerous to Poetry"
 Discussion for Spread the Word between <mask> and Bernardine Evaristo (2006)
 Article by <mask> in the New Statesman "Give poetry back to people"  23 October 2006
 Article by <mask> on his Being Human anthology Poetry Book Society online blog, March 2011
 Christina Patterson: About <mask> Ploughshares, 126 (Spring 2015)
 Extended introduction by <mask> to Ploughshares transatlantic poetry issue Ploughshares'' blog (22 April 2015)

Living people
1953 births
British book publishers (people)
English emigrants to Australia
Alumni of Newcastle University
Academics of Newcastle University
People from Portchester
People from Darwin, Northern Territory
Poetry publishers
English poetry
Poetry anthologies

masks:
Neil Astley
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Astley
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Astley
Neil Astley
Neil Astley
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<mask> (b. December 16, 1916 New Rochelle, New York — d. April 10, 2012 Castine, Maine) was a sound archivist and writer. Early life and education
<mask>'s parents were Fairfax and Eleanor Raeburn (Remy) <mask>. He married Bernice Dobkin on June 8, 1940. Their children are <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, and <mask>. After graduating from Phillips Exeter Academy, <mask> received a B.A. from Yale University in 1939. He was a postgraduate student at Columbia University from 1940-41.Career

At the urging of family friend, Saturday Review of Literature Editor Norman Cousins, <mask> abandoned his graduate studies to write an annotated discography of recorded sound. The book instructed record collectors on "how to lay a solid foundation for a record library, what pitfalls to avoid in the buying of records, whether or not it is advisable to specialize, and how to distinguish between fair and excellent recordings of the same composition" (<mask> 1940). The book also provided tips on playback equipment and offered detailed commentary on the whole range of recorded music, from classical through experimental music, jazz, folk, and spoken word. The Record Book appeared in 1940 and was followed by a series of supplements, and international edition (1948). The last supplement appeared in 1950. The series was an immediate hit, selling more than 100,000 copies. In 1940, <mask> began a lifelong involvement with the record business, taking a job as an advertising copywriter with Columbia Records, then located in Bridgeport, Connecticut.In 1942, he became music program annotator for the NBC Symphony Orchestra -- the all-star orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini. In 1948, <mask> joined forces with fellow Yale graduate John Hammond on a quest to post-war Europe on behalf of Mercury Records, then a Chicago-based produced of "pop" material. Wishing to enter the growing classical music market, Mercury executives realized that radio stations and governments in formerly Nazi-occupied countries held a gold mine in superb performances by Europe's top musicians. Hammond's and <mask>'s objective was to acquire these assets for Mercury. Hammond had hired <mask>, "a well-known authority on classical recording, to handle the considerable job of cataloging Czech and German material. He was known and respected by the Czechs, who were interested in establishing an international records archive. <mask> would be an asset in delicate negotiations" (Hammond 1977, 282).<mask> and Hammond left Prague one step ahead of Soviet forces as they crushed Czechoslovakia's democratic government. <mask> remained at Mercury Records until 1956 as classic music director. Under his leadership, Mercury began releasing its notable "Living Presence" series of classical recordings. <mask> worked closely with sound engineering pioneer, C. Robert Fine. Fine's mobile sound studio toured the midwest, recording performances by the Detroit, Louisville, and Minneapolis symphonies and musical groups at the Eastman School at the University of Rochester. A 1955 recording of the Minneapolis Symphony performing Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture under the baton of Antal Doráti became the best selling classical record of the decade. In 1956, <mask> was awarded a Fulbright Teaching Fellowship, which enabled him to spend a year at the University of Copenhagen (Denmark) teaching advanced recording techniques to Danish engineers and musicians.<mask> had long been interested in Scandinavian music, having directed the music center at New York's American Scandinavian Foundation from 1950 to 1957. On returning to the United States in the fall of 1957, <mask> became music editor of Hi-Fi/Stereo Review (later Stereo Review). <mask> contributed reviews of classic music and articles to the magazine until it folded in 1998. In his writings, <mask> championed contemporary music. His 1964 article on Charles Ives included the first full discography of Ives's recordings. In 1963, <mask> became president of Composers' Recordings, Inc., a nonprofit record label devoted to recording and distributing the work of contemporary composers. Among the notable recordings produced under his leadership were a series of performances by avant garde composer Harry Partch.In 1967, <mask> was appointed curator of the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound, one of the units of the New York Public Library's performing arts collections at Lincoln Center. There he pioneered new techniques of cataloging recorded material as one of the initiatives of the Research Libraries Group, a consortium of the nation's leading research libraries. <mask> and his associates also released an important collection of historic sound recordings, The Mapleson Cylinders, which captured the singing of Metropolitan Opera stars of the early twentieth century. This recording was given a Grammy Award by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences in 1986. During this period, <mask> helped to found the Association for Recorded Sound Collections (ARSC) in 1966. He served as the group's president, 1980-1982. In 2002, he received the ARSC Award for Distinguished Service to Historical Recordings.In 1986, <mask> retired to the seaside village of Castine, Maine, where he continued to write record reviews and consult on recording projects. Through the 1990s, he chaired the classical records awards committee for the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences. Late in life, <mask> was at work on a biography of the twentieth century American composer, Roy Harris. In addition to introducing American audiences to the remarkable riches of recorded music in the years following the second World War, <mask> played an especially important role as a champion of contemporary music. At least half the composers listed in the 1940 Record Book were still living. They included such notables as Aaron Copland, Roy Harris, Charles Ives, Harry Partch, William Schuman,  and others. His writings also helped garner attention for jazz and folk musicians.References
<mask>, <mask>. 1940. The Record Book. New York: Smith & Durrell. <mask>, <mask>. 1948. The Record Book, International Edition.New York: Oliver Durrell, Inc.
<mask>, David, 1950. Records. New York: Alfred A Knopf. <mask>, <mask>. 1964. Charles Ives: A Discography. In three parts.HiFi/Stereo Review 13, no. 4 (October): 142-45; 13, no. 5 (November): 102-06; and 13, no. 6 (December): 92-96. <mask>, <mask>. 1982. The Mapleson Cylinder Project.Recorded Sound: Journal of the British Institute of Recorded Sound 82. <mask>, <mask>. 1983. The Mapleson Cylinder Project: Repertoire, Performers, and Recording Dates. Recorded Sound: Journal of the British Institute of Recorded Sound 83. <mask>, <mask>. 1986.The Mapleson Cylinder Project: A Mapleson Notebook. Recorded Sound: Journal of the British Institute of Recorded Sound 86. <mask>, <mask>, and Abner Levin. 1955. The Disc Book. New York: Long Player Publications. Hammond, John.1977. On Record. New York: Penguin. <mask>, 95, sound archivist, writer, WiltonBulletin.com, April 16, 2012. 1916 births
2012 deaths
American information and reference writers
American writers about music
American archivists
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Yale University alumni
Writers from New Rochelle, New York
People from Castine, Maine
Columbia University alumni

masks:
David Hall
Hall
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Marion Hall Hunt
Jonathan Hall
Peter Dobkin Hall
Susannah Hall
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David
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<mask> (May 1, 1911 – March 25, 1998) was professor emeritus of English at Canada's University of Alberta for many years. He was also an experimental Canadian poet and dramatist, whose innovative plays had a considerable influence in the 1960s. The Dictionary of Literary Biography (DLB) says that "<mask> ushered in an avant-garde in Canadian theater years before the rear guard had fully emerged." Life and work

<mask> was born in Rochester, England in 1911, the oldest child of Louisa Claydon and <mask>. When he was 15 his family immigrated to Canada and settled in Duncan, British Columbia. He attended the University of British Columbia from 1940 to 1943 and received a B.A. in English literature.In 1941 he married Sheila Martin Doherty, who as <mask> would write the novel The Double Hook. On graduating, <mask> enlisted in the Royal Canadian Navy for the balance of World War II. After the war he attended the University of Toronto, receiving his M.A. in 1946 and Ph.D. in 1951. <mask> <mask> began his academic career in 1949 as a lecturer in English at the University of British Columbia. He taught at the University of Alberta in Calgary from 1951 to 1953. In 1954 he transferred to the Edmonton campus, where he remained as professor of English until retiring in 1977.<mask> lived in Paris in 1955 and 1956, as the recipient of a Canadian Government Overseas Fellowship. There he was introduced to the theatre of the absurd. In 1961, <mask> was also hired as a professor of English by the University of Alberta. "In Edmonton the <mask>s became part of an active circle of writers and established the literary magazine,The White Pelican in 1970 along with Douglas Barbour, Stephen Scobie, John Orrell, Dorothy Livesay, and artist Norman Yates." Other members of the <mask>s' intellectual circle were actor-directors Gordon Peacock and Thomas Peacocke, both associated with the University of Alberta's Studio Theatre. The Studio Theatre became an important venue for the production of <mask> <mask>'s plays, beginning with Cockcrow and the Gulls (which he'd written in the mid-1950s) in March 1962. In the early 1960s <mask> co-founded a jazz club, "Yardbird Suite" in Edmonton.During the same period he became acquainted with Marshall McLuhan and increasingly interested in McLuhan's theories, which resulted in the two men authoring a study, From Cliche to Archetype. The 1960s were <mask>'s most prolific period for playwriting. Trial of Corporal Adam was produced in 1963; Wail for Two Pedestals in 1964; a centennial play, O Holy Ghost, Dip Your Finger in the Blood of Canada, and Write, I LOVE YOU  in 1967; and the satire Let's Murder Clytemnestra According to the Principles of Marshall Mcluhan in 1969. During the 1970s <mask> returned to poetry, publishing The Sorrowful Canadians and Other Poems in 1972, I Begin with Counting in 1978, and Mass on Cowback in 1982. In 1983 he wrote a major dramatic work, the trilogy Gramsci x 3, which was produced by Studio Theatre in 1986. He also had a short play, The Woman Taken in Adultery, performed at the Edmonton Fringe Festival in 1987. <mask> <mask> retired in 1977 and moved in 1980 to Nanaimo, British Columbia with his wife Sheila.He died there in 1998 at the age of 87. Writing
<mask>'s first book of poetry, Friday's Child, was accepted by T.S. Eliot and published in 1955 by Faber and Faber. On its appearance, Canadian critic Northrop Frye called it "typically formal poetry, mythical, metaphorical and apocalyptic." Frye was admiring: "We feel that even a line as breath-taking as 'When in her side my eyes were but blind seeds,' or a phrase like 'the tomb egg broken,' is merely what fits the poem at that point: brilliant as the imagery is, there is no costume jewellery." In his second book, The Sorrowful Canadians and Other Poems, published in 1972, <mask> experimented with using repetitions and different typefaces. <mask> introduced a unique form he called Number-grid Verse in his third book, 1978's I Begin With Counting.The form combines numerals and letters, using "a vertical grid of 9 numbers with 17 slots for words, syllables or phrases. By stacking the grids, <mask> writes a "score" for the performance of multivoice poems which exist not on the page but in transformations from visual to auditory forms.". <mask> used Number-grid Verse in his next book of poetry, Mass on Cowback (1982). The form also allowed him to score poetry for oral performance by several voices, which he used in his later plays. His trilogy Gramsci x 3 is part docudrama, part theatre of the absurd, "continual experimentation with verse forms, satire alternating with lyricism, and an energy and exaltation that transcends the horrors it depicts." Recognition
<mask>'s first book of poetry, Friday's Child, won both the British Council and Governor General's Awards for poetry in 1955. Publications

Plays
 Cockrow and the Gulls,  1962.The Trial of Corporal Adam, 1963. Wail for Two Pedestals, 1964. O Holy Ghost DIP YOUR FINGER IN THE BLOOD OF CANADA and write, I LOVE YOU, 1967. Let's murder Clytemnestra, according to the principles of Marshall McLuhan, 1969. Gramsci x 3. Edmonton, Longspoon, 1983. The Woman Taken in Adultery, 1987.Plays at the Iron Bridge, or, The autobiography of Tom Horror. Shirley Neuman ed., Gordon Peacock intr. Edmonto: Longspoon/NeWest, 1989. Poetry
 Friday's Child. London: Faber & Faber, 1955. New York: Farrar Straus & Cudahy, 1955. The Sorrowful Canadians and Other Poems.Edmonton: White Pelican, 1972. I Begin with Counting. Edmonton: NeWest, 1978. Mass on Cowback 1982. Poems: Collected, Unpublished, New. Thomas Peacocke intr. Edmonton: NeWEst, 1986.Fiction
 The Baie Comeau Angel and Other Stories. Edmonton: NeWest, 1993. Non-fiction
 Marshall McLuhan & Wilfred Watson. From Cliché to Archetype'', 1970. Fonds
Wilfred <mask>'s papers are located in the University of Alberta archives. Except where noted, bibliographic information courtesy The Canadian Encyclopedia. References

External links
 <mask> <mask>'s entry in The Canadian Encyclopedia
 <mask> <mask> fonds at the University of Alberta

1911 births
1998 deaths
20th-century Canadian poets
Canadian male poets
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Canadian modernist poets
British emigrants to Canada
Governor General's Award-winning poets
University of Alberta faculty
University of British Columbia alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian male writers
Royal Canadian Navy personnel of World War II

masks:
Wilfred Watson
Watson
Wilfred Watson
Frederick Walter Watson
Sheila Watson
Watson
Wilfred
Watson
Watson
Sheila Watson
Watson
Watson
Wilfred
Watson
Watson
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Wilfred
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<mask> (30 March 1908 – 17 August 1996) was a Polish fighter ace of the Second World War. According to the official record, <mask> was the second highest-scoring Polish fighter ace, with 17 confirmed wartime kills and 1 probable, not counting his pre-war victory. He was awarded with several decorations, among others the Virtuti Militari and British Distinguished Flying Cross. He also published several books of memoirs. Biography
<mask> was born in Olszanka, Augustów County. In 1930 he entered the Szkoła Podchorążych Lotnictwa cadet flying school in Dęblin, graduating in 1932 as a 2/Lt. Observer.He was then posted to the night bomber squadron of the 1st Air Regiment in Warsaw. Later he completed an advanced pilotage course to become a fighter pilot. In the 1930s he flew with the 113th and the No. 111th "Kościuszko" Squadron. In August 1936, flying a PZL P.11a, he shot down a Soviet reconnaissance plane which had crossed into Polish airspace. He was officially reprimanded and unofficially congratulated by his superior officer and as "punishment" in October 1936 he was transferred to an air force training school in Dęblin where he was nicknamed "Cobra". Second World War
During the Invasion of Poland in 1939, Urbanowicz was in an improvised Ułęż Group, composed of flying instructors, flying obsolete PZL P.7a fighters and covering the Dęblin and Ułęż airfields.Despite a few encounters with enemy airplanes the Polish fighters (which could barely match the speed of German bombers) were not able to shoot down any enemy planes. On 8 September the school was evacuated from Ułęż and Dęblin. He was ordered with the cadets to Romania, where they were told to await re-equipment: British and French aircraft were rumoured to have been sent, but no aircraft arrived. <mask> returned to Poland to continue to fight, but after the Soviet invasion of Poland, he was captured by a Soviet irregular unit. The same day he managed to escape with two cadets and crossed the Romanian border and eventually found his way to France where, after the fall of Poland, a new Polish army was being formed. While in France he and a group of other Polish pilots were invited to join the Royal Air Force in Great Britain. After initial training with 1 School of Army Co-operation at Old Sarum, he was sent to 6 OTU for re-training on fighters in July 1940.In August he was assigned to No. 145 Squadron RAF, and became operational on 4 August 1940. On 8 August he shot down a Messerschmitt Bf 110 flown by Major Joachim Schlichting of V./LG 1 while flying with No. 601 Squadron (although he was never officially attached to the unit) and on 12 August a Junkers Ju 88 of KG 51. On 21 August he was transferred to the Polish-manned No. 303 Squadron, flying a Hawker Hurricane as "A" Flight commander. On 6 September he shot down a Bf 109 of JG 52.On 7 September he became Squadron Leader, after Zdzisław Krasnodębski was badly burned. On 15 September <mask> claimed two Dornier Do. 17's of KG 2. On 18 September 1940 <mask> was awarded the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari by the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Forces, General Sikorski. On 24 October, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. On 27 September he was officially credited with shooting down four aircraft: two Ju 88s of KG 77, a Bf 109 and a Bf 110 of 15.LG 1. On 30 September he claimed three Bf 109s (one from stab.JG 26, one of II./JG 53 and one of 4.JG 54) and one Dornier Do 17 of KG 3. Despite his success <mask> was never popular at the Polish headquarters and on 21 October he was forced to hand over command of the Squadron to Zdzisław Henneberg. During the Battle of Britain, he claimed 15 confirmed kills and 1 probable, which made him one of the top Polish aces (second only to Stanisław Skalski) and among the top ten Allied aces of the battle. Between 15 April 1941 and 1 June 1941 he commanded the 1st Polish Fighter Wing based at RAF Northolt, before being posted to staff work at No. 11 Group RAF HQ. In June 1941 he was assigned as the 2nd Air Attaché in the Polish Embassy in the United States. In September 1943 <mask> joined the USAAF 14th Air Force on attachment in China.On 23 October he joined the 75th Fighter Squadron of the 23rd Fighter Group ("Flying Tigers"). Flying a P-40 Warhawk he took part in several combat missions. On 11 December he fought against six Japanese Mitsubishi Zeros and claimed two shot down (these were actually Nakajima Ki-44 "Tojo" fighters of the 85th Sentai). According to his reports he also shot other airplanes over China, and destroyed some on the ground, but those victories were not officially confirmed. According to Kenneth K. Koskodian, he downed 11 Japanese aircraft while being Claire Lee Chennault's guest. He was later awarded the US Air Medal and a Chinese Flying Cross. In December 1943 he returned to the United Kingdom and later became an Air Attaché in the USA again.After the war

In 1946, he returned to Poland, but was arrested four times by the communist Służba Bezpieczeństwa secret police as a suspected spy. After his release, he fled to the USA. He lived in New York City working for American Airlines, Eastern Airlines and Republic Aviation, retiring in 1973. In 1991 he visited Poland after the fall of communism and again in 1995 when he was promoted to the rank of General. He died in New York on 17 August 1996. A fibreglass Hawker Hurricane gate guardian was unveiled at RAF Uxbridge in September 2010 in the colours of <mask>'s aircraft from the Battle of Britain. Awards
 Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross (18 September 1940)
 Cross of Valour, four times
 Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
 Air Medal (United States)
Star Medal with Two Stars (Republic of China)

In popular culture

<mask> <mask> was portrayed by Marcin Dorociński in the 2018 film Hurricane: 303 Squadron.References
Citations

Bibliography
 Fiedler, Arkady. Translation by Jarek Garlinski. (2010) 303 Squadron: The Legendary Battle of Britain Fighter Squadron. Los Angeles: Aquila Polonica Publishing
 King, Richard. (2010) 303 (Polish) Squadron Battle of Britain Diary. Surrey: Red Kite
 Koskodian, Kenneth. K. (2009) No Greater Ally.New York City: Osprey Publishing
 Tadeusz Jerzy Krzystek, Anna Krzystek: Polskie Siły Powietrzne w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1940-1947 łącznie z Pomocniczą Lotniczą Służbą Kobiet (PLSK-WAAF). Sandomierz: Stratus, 2012, p. 589. Jerzy Pawlak: Absolwenci Szkoły Orląt: 1925-1939. Warszawa: Retro-Art, 2009, p. 117. Piotr Sikora: Asy polskiego lotnictwa. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Alma-Press. 2014, p. 158-166.Józef Zieliński: Asy polskiego lotnictwa. Warszawa: Agencja lotnicza ALTAIR, 1994, p. 10-11. ISBN 83862172. Józef Zieliński: Lotnicy polscy w Bitwie o Wielką Brytanię. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza MH, 2005, p. 207-209. External links

 http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/nov/30/how-polish-airmen-succeeded/

1908 births
1996 deaths
People from Augustów County
Polish diplomats
Polish generals
Polish World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
The Few
Polish emigrants to the United States
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
Polish Royal Air Force pilots of World War II

masks:
Witold Urbanowicz
Witold Urbanowicz
Urbanowicz
Urbanowicz
Urbanowicz
Urbanowicz
Urbanowicz
Urbanowicz
Urbanowicz
Witold
Urbanowicz


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<mask> is an Indian activist who devotes his efforts principally to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and Western imperialism in Asia. He is best known for having led a humanitarian convoy that travelled from India to Gaza in the winter of 2010–11. <mask> is one of the co-founders of the Global March to Jerusalem and heads the Indian branch. He is also the co-founder of the First Asian Convoy to Gaza. <mask> is also the Convener of several organisations: International Affairs Committee of the National Alliance of People’s Movements, the Rashtriya Yuva Sangathan, and Bharat Bachao Andolan (Movement to Save India). In his Twitter profile, he describes himself as being “Committed to the global struggle against Imperialism & Zionism & thus the freedom of Humanity." Activist background
<mask> reports being involved in the Palestinian question since 1987 — even before the First Intifada.He was one of the only Indians from his generation to be involved. He describes himself as being "from the Gandhian, Left, Phule-Ambedakarite (the struggle of the oppressed lower and untouchable castes) and the stream of Liberation Theology." An active supporter of Palestinian statehood, <mask> has described Gaza as "a Nazi-prison-cum-concentration camp." He supports the "Resistance axis" led by the governments of Iran, Syria, the Lebanese national Resistance led by the Hezbollah, as well as the Palestinian Resistance, saying they are amongst the few countries in the West Asian region and across the world that resists Zionist Israel. He told members of the Iranian parliament in December 2010 that the people of the world would join together against an Israeli attack on Iran. <mask> describes himself as a secular progressive activist committed to defend the  rights of Minorities & the oppressed castes & classes in India. He has also and co-founded an organisation called the Bharat Bachao Andolan & Muslim Intellectual Forum.He is the president of Awami Bharat, an organisation which calls for dialogue between Muslims and non-Muslims. On Jerusalem Day in Mumbai in 2010 he said that Indians needed to increase their solidarity with the Palestinians. He said that the Palestinian resistance was "the international avant garde" and the "Central geopolitical issue of our times" in the joint struggle against imperialism and Zionism." While in Beirut during the Second Lebanon War, <mask> wrote a column about what he called Lebanon's "victory". Gaza convoy
<mask> was a co-organizer of a convoy of 120 people who travelled from India to Gaza in the winter of 2010–11, leaving India on 5 December 2010. Its stated purpose was to deliver humanitarian aid, with <mask> saying: “Since this is the first convoy from Asia to show solidarity with the Palestinian cause, our aim is only to get to Gaza and not confront the Israeli government.”  The group included over 50 Indians, and they planned on arriving in Gaza by 28 December. According to Salim Ghafouri, an Iranian citizen who claims to be the spokesman for the convoy, the participants in the convoy represented 137 organisations from 50 countries, including Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Britain, and Australia.Most, however, were Indians. Ghafouri said that the war with "the Zionists" is not only an “Islamic-Zionist war,” but the showdown between the “truth,” represented by “the freedom-loving people of the world,” and the “lie” of Israel and its supporters. <mask> said that he and his colleagues had four goals: “Liberation of Palestine, breaking the Gaza Siege, annihilation of the apartheid system of Israel and unity among the Asian nations, with the slogan, "One Asia United Asia".Thus an Asia free of US Imperialism & NATO bases. ”

The amount and significance of the aid delivered by the convoy has been the subject of debate. The Indian Express reported that the medical aid carried by the convoy was worth Rs 2.7 million, or about US$50,000. The convoy also donated two ambulances to Palestinian authorities. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center said that the amount of aid delivered by the convoy was "negligible."The Milli Gazette, a Muslim newspaper, reported that the convoy took "medical equipment, food items, clothes and other aid worth $1 million, weighing 170 tons, for the people of Gaza who continue to suffer unspeakable hardship for nearly five years under the illegal blockade imposed by the Israeli-US regimes." During the convoy's sojourn in Iran many contributions were received from Iranians. To process these contributions, the convoy opened dozens of headquarters in larger Iranian cities. <mask>, in an address to the Iranian parliament, called the president of the US "an agent of Israel." In Syria, the convoy met with exiled Hamas leader Khaled Meshal. Because Egyptian authorisation was delayed, the convoy arrived in Gaza on 2 January 2011, a few days later than originally planned. Upon arrival in El Arish, <mask> said that the purpose of the convoy was "to break the siege of the Gaza Strip, to bring about the establishment of an independent Palestinian state whose capital is Jerusalem, and [to cause] the economic and political boycott of Israel."In a retrospective interview, <mask> said that "we were not there to 'help' the Palestinians. Ours is a movement of 'solidarity' with the people's resistance for the liberation of Palestine....especially since 2008, we have been trying to organize a ship or a land caravan from India." He said that he planned to march until "Palestine is free. Today we have begun our march to Gaza, but tomorrow we will march to Jerusalem." He believes that when the Palestinians have won the battle for Jerusalem, humanity will be closer to God in a very universal & spiritual sense. Global March to Jerusalem
<mask> heads the Indian branch of Global March to Jerusalem (GMJ). He is also a member of both the co-founder of the GMJ International Executive Committee and its International Central Committee.The GMJ planned a number of large-scale anti-Israel demonstrations around the Arab world on 30 March 2012, which is Palestine Land Day. The idea was for the participants to gather in various places and then march to Jerusalem, or as far as they could get. <mask> was described as "the key organiser of the Indian leg" of the event. <mask> wrote that the event was not an attempt to delegitimise Israel, saying that "Rather, it is Israel's actions and policies that create its image as a practitioner of ethnic cleansing and an abuser of human rights." Asked why he and his fellow participants were marching to Jerusalem and not to the Gaza Strip, <mask> said that they were two different questions, citing the Gaza issue as a humanitarian crisis and Jerusalem as a political question as well as a "religious and anti-colonial issue." He went on to say that he considers Iran, Syria, Lebanon as anti-American powers, and South Asian anti-Imperialist parties among their allies. After returning to Delhi, <mask> said he wanted a unification of the Palestinian movement, and that he wanted Fatah and Hamas to be together.He went on to say that negotiations with Israelis would not solve anything, and that there needs to be a common programme of resistance. Anti-Brahmanism
<mask> is an anti-caste system activist, and in particular, opposes Manuwad or the supremacist hierarchical ideological system that relegats India's Shudras, Ati Shudras & Adivasis to second class status. He is an Ideologue has been inspired by Mahatma Gandhi & is also a Leftist & a Phule-Ambedkarite  described as "an ideologue" who has been a leftist and also part of the Sarvodaya Movement. In his view, noted an Outlook India profile, "Hindu is not the enemy; casteism is." After an Indian court upheld the demolition of a mosque, <mask> accused "Brahmanic" elite forces of trying to subjugate Muslim communities and called the verdict a mockery. He said it "stands in utter contempt of the Indian constitution" and "giv[es] precedence to belief or aastha over law." Conspiracy theories
<mask> has propounded a number of conspiracy theories.He has claimed that terrorists acts attributed to Muslim groups were in fact "false flag" attacks, "inside jobs" carried out by the Intelligence agencies of the US, Israeli, Indian, Pakistani and/or other governments to discredit Muslims. <mask> wrote that the Mumbai 26/11 attack was carried out by the CIA and Mossad, its objective being to establish a pro-US/Israeli consensus among Indians, allowing the US/Israeli political elite "to deploy our Military into the war theatre in Afghanistan." In June 2011 <mask> wrote that David Headley, who was involved with planning the 26/11 attack, was "a CIA-FBI operative whose task was to organize & expedite the Mumbai 26/11 terror attacks." He wrote that the attacks were the result of a CIA/Saudi Arabian/Mossad conspiracy, saying "The strategic period & the timing of the terror attacks are a pointer to the powers behind the perpetrators." <mask> believes that Osama bin Laden has been dead since the latter half of December 2001. He expressed his belief that the parties saying he was still alive were doing this because "The ghost of Bin Laden serves multiple purposes both at the Global and Indian context", mainly to generate fear for the Hindu community and to be a "false hero" for Muslims, falsely inspiring youth to follow the "flawed path of extremism and terror." When several small bombs were set off in Pune on 1 August 2012, <mask> and Kishore Jagtap called them a "Chitpawan Brahmanical-Manuwadi reaction to the restoration of the true Samadhi-Burial Shrine of Saibai, the first wife of Shivaji Maharaj," and thus "part of the ongoing caste war that has once again erupted all across Maharashtra."After the 21 February 2013 terrorist bombing in Hyderabad, <mask> charged the ruling Indian Congress Party with staging it to win conservative Hindu votes. He claimed the bombing would be blamed on fictitious "'Sleeper Cells' of disgruntled Muslim youth, who will begin to be picked up from the lanes of this city," and most of whom "will be police informers & petty criminals who will be entrapped into owning up for this terror attack." Both the Pune and Hyderabad bombings were believed to have been carried out by the Indian Mujahideen. Other activities and organisations
<mask> is president of Awami Bharat, an Indian political group that has described itself as being involved in an "international struggle against imperialism, Zionism, and Brahmanism." He is the founder-convenor of the Muslim Intellectual Forum of India and of the South Asian Solidarity Initiative>. He has also been the national vice-president of the Maharashtra-based political party Rashtriya Samaj Paksha (RSP). <mask> led protests against the India-US nuclear deal in 2008.<mask>, in his capacity as coordinator of a group called Forum against War and Terrorism, was involved in planning a 2006 event called "Mumbai in White", which he described as an attempt, after the terrorist acts in that city, "to do something to touch the lives of Mumbaikars in a subtle manner." <mask> was also part of "an international peace delegation" with members from India, the Philippines, Brazil, Norway, France, and Spain that paid a friendly visit to Hizbollah in Lebanon in 2006. It was reported that they "stressed that it would be wrong to call Hizbollah a 'militant' outfit" and should rather be called a 'socio-political resistance movement.'" <mask> was quoted as stating that "Even a child in Lebanon wants to be a part of Hizbollah." <mask> signed a letter opposing NATO military intervention in Libya. <mask> was also part of the international group of observers that monitored the national general election in Syria on 3 June 2014. The group that deemed the elections free and fair, where Bashar al Assad was re-elected as President.The Syrian people, he said, "had voted for a free, sovereign & unified Syria and was a vote against foreign intervention and wars". Detention in Mumbai
<mask> and his friend Kishor Jagtap were both preemptively detained before Secretary of State Clinton's visit to Mumbai in 2009. This action might have been in connection to his demand for an investigation into US Government cover ups in the Headley affair, where even the mainstream media has raised questions regarding the coverup. He described being picked up from his house on a Friday night without a specific reason given and then being brought into the MIDC police station. He spoke of the experience: “An official told us that we had been brought owing to an intelligence input and will be here till the next day. However, on Saturday, they told us that we would be allowed to leave only on Sunday. While Clinton's visit or security has not been mentioned to us as the reason for our detention, we sat there for very long without even knowing why.”.Further when they filed a case against the police in the Bombay High Court, the Judge Bilal Nazki passed comments against the police for their high handedness. References

External links
Global March to Jerusalem

Indian secularists
Living people
People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Indian humanitarians
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Feroze Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Feroze Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
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Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
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Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala
Mithiborwala


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<mask> "Cum<mask>. (June 20, 1890 – March 28, 1946) was an American baseball player, manager, and team owner in the Negro leagues, as well as a professional basketball player and team owner. Early life
<mask>. was born into Western Pennsylvania's Negro elite, the son of <mask>. and Angelina "Anna<mask> of Homestead, adjacent to Pittsburgh. <mask>. worked on riverboats and, in 1877, became probably the first African American licensed engineer in the United States, earning a chief engineer license and the title of, "Captain." "Cap" <mask> was a riverboat builder, general manager of the Dexter Coal Company, owner of the Diamond Coke and Coal Company, and industrial partner of Henry Clay Frick. He was president of the Loendi Social and Literary Club for three years and president of the Pittsburgh Courier newspaper for its first 14 years, to 1924. (Williams) The family lived in a palatial Italianate mansion on the heights. Despite his commanding wealth, Captain <mask> still had to deal with racial discrimination, according to historian William Serrin.In that crucible of race, his son began to excel as a young athlete. In football, <mask>. was a star player and manager for semi-pro sandlot teams in the Pittsburgh area prior to 1910, including the Delaney Rifles and the Collins Tigers. Basketball

<mask> was the best African American basketball player of his time, playing from the early 1900s (decade) through the mid-1920s. His peers and the sporting press considered him an "All-Time Immortal". "The mystic wand of <mask> ruled basketball with as much eclat as 'Rasputin' dominated the Queen of all the Russias", observed the Harlem Interstate Tattler in 1929. <mask> led Homestead High to the 1908 city championship, played basketball at Penn State for two years, moved to the University of Pittsburgh where he earned a pharmacy degree in 1915, and formed the famous Monticello Athletic Association team that won the Colored Basketball World's Championship in 1912. He later played varsity basketball for Duquesne University, under the name "Charles Cumbert", and led the Dukes in scoring for three seasons through 1919.Today he is enshrined in the Duquesne Sports Hall of Fame under his real name. During the mid-1910s, <mask> formed, operated, and played for the Loendi Big Five, which became the most dominant basketball team of the Black Fives Era through the mid-1920s, winning four straight Colored Basketball World Championship titles. He retired from basketball in the late 1920s to focus exclusively on the business of baseball and on his weekly sports column in the Pittsburgh Courier, "In The Sportive Realm." He was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2016. Homestead Grays
In baseball, <mask> played with the Homestead Grays in 1911, was manager by 1916, and became owner in the early 1920s. In a quarter-century running the team, he built it into one of the powerhouse franchises of black baseball, winning numerous pennants, including nine consecutively from 1937–1945. In 1910, a group of Homestead steelworkers was organized into one of baseball's greatest clubs by <mask>.This team, the Homestead Grays, played many locations such as Forbes Field and Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C. The team won eight out of nine Negro National League titles. <mask>, the principal owner of the Homestead Grays, spent 35 years (1911–1946) in baseball as a player, manager, owner and club official. He built a strong barnstorming circuit that made the Grays a perennially powerful and profitable team, one of the best in the East. <mask> began playing baseball for the semi-pro Grays in 1911. He soon ended his playing career to become field and business manager. He took control of the Grays in 1920 and turned them into a highly successful regional enterprise as an independent team.The Grays' strong identity in Pennsylvania and surrounding states enabled them to survive the depths of the Great Depression. <mask>, an aggressive talent seeker with the Grays, at one time or another had over a dozen current Negro leagues Hall of Famers playing for him. He was often accused of raiding other clubs' rosters, enticing their best players to join his team. He suffered a heavy dose of the same in the early 1930s, when he lost several stars to the well-financed Pittsburgh Crawfords. The Grays rebounded and became a member of the second Negro National League in 1935, soon dominating the circuit. <mask>'s teams reeled in nine consecutive pennants from 1937–1945. <mask> unwisely attempted to start the East-West League in 1932, during the Depression, but it did not last the season.He later became an officer of the Negro National League, and was a major force at its meetings throughout the rest of his career. He also was a frequent critic of the league, both before and after joining it, in his regular sports columns for the Pittsburgh Courier, a leading black weekly newspaper. Courier sportswriter Wendell Smith once wrote of <mask>: "Some may say he crushed the weak as well as the strong on the way to the top of the ladder. But no matter what his critics say, they cannot deny that he was the smartest man in Negro baseball and certainly the most successful." He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006. He was named to the Washington Nationals Ring of Honor for his "significant contribution to the game of baseball in Washington, D.C" as part of the Homestead Grays on August 10, 2010. Death
On March 28, 1946, <mask> died of cancer in Pittsburgh at the age of 55.His hometown of Homestead declared a school holiday in his honor the day of his funeral. See also
 National Basketball Association
 Negro league baseball

References

(Riley.) <mask> "Cum" <mask>, Personal profiles at Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. – identical to Riley, except for notice of 2006 Hall of Fame induction (confirmed 2010-12-12)
Serrin, William (1993). Homestead. New York: Knopf Publishing. Williams, Rachel Jones (2010)."<mask> <mask> Sr.", Black History in Pennsylvania. Reprinted from Pennsylvania Heritage Spring 2010, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Confirmed 2010-12-11. External links

  Seamheads
  and Seamheads
 <mask> at the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame

1890 births
1946 deaths
African-American basketball players
African-American sports executives and administrators
American men's basketball players
American sports executives and administrators
Baseball executives
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania
Duquesne Dukes men's basketball players
Homestead Grays players
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Negro league baseball executives
Negro league baseball managers
People from Homestead, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area
University of Pittsburgh alumni
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Cumberland Willis
" Posey Jr
Cumberland Jr
Cumberland Willis Posey Sr
" Stevens Posey
Posey Sr
Posey
Posey
Cumberland Jr
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Posey
Cumberland
Posey
Cumberland Willis
Posey
Cumberland Posey