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<mask> (born ) is an American former police officer of the Los Angeles Police Department, known for shooting and killing officer Kevin Gaines. The resulting LAPD investigation of Kevin Gaines helped lead to the Rampart Scandal. Early career
In 1986, <mask> joined the Los Angeles Police Department after serving with the Mohawk Valley sheriff’s force. The Kevin Gaines shooting
Kevin Gaines was shot and killed on March 18, 1997, by <mask>, who was ultimately determined to have been acting in self-defense. At the time of his death, Gaines was 31 and had been a member of the Los Angeles Police Department for seven years. Gaines had ties to Death Row Records, the Bloods, and was living with Suge Knight's ex-wife. <mask>, assigned to the Narcotics Division Clandestine Lab Squad at the time, along other members of his team was staking out a suspected methamphetamine dealer.<mask> was the point man, which required him to  sit in an unmarked 1991 Buick Regal waiting for a drug deal to happen, so that he could follow the suspects back to their source and make the necessary arrests. The operation was called off, and <mask> drove onto Ventura Boulevard. While he was stopped at a red light, a green sports utility vehicle driven by Gaines pulled up next to him; Gaines threatened <mask>. In response <mask> told Gaines to pull over for a confrontation. Gaines did pull over, but <mask> drove off; Gaines chased him, with the S.U.V. edging through heavy traffic until it neared <mask>'s car. A concerned <mask> radioed his partners for help and readied himself to use his own gun.He saw Gaines had a gun and had threatened <mask> again. <mask> fired two shots at Gaines; the first missed, but the second hit the driver just below his right armpit, puncturing his heart before stopping in his lung. Gaines then pulled into a gas station and stopped. <mask> pulled into the gas station and identified himself as a police officer and asked a customer coming out of the station's mini-mart to call the 911 emergency number. Soon a California Highway Patrol unit arrived, followed by <mask>'s captain and the others on his stakeout team. The other officers took control of the scene using standard procedure. When <mask> returned to the station and awaited instructions on the investigation of the shooting he was informed by his commander, Dennis Zuener, that Kevin Gaines was a Los Angeles Police Officer.Aftermath of the shooting
The day after the shooting a media frenzy followed. A group of African-Americans, led by Gaines's former partners Derwin Henderson and Bruce Stallworth, went to the scene of the incident and began conducting an unofficial investigation. That conduct intimidated known witnesses. Three days after the shooting, Johnnie Cochran, Jr. stepped into the case, having been hired by Gaines's family to investigate a potential claim against <mask> and the city. Cochran later filed a twenty-five-million-dollar claim against the city, charging that <mask> was "an aggressive and dangerous police officer" who had failed to summon immediate medical assistance for Gaines, contributing to his death, and that he had conspired to "hide and distort the true facts concerning the incident". The Los Angeles Police Department also announced <mask>’s job performance would be examined. On <mask>'s second day back on his job, he was assigned to a desk by the narcotics-division commander, and was told that he had 40 questionable use-of-force incidents filed, however he had been exonerated in four cases of using unnecessary force, or the cases were classified as unfounded or unresolved.He was also tested for signs of racial bias for every use-of-force incident by a demographic examination; no signs of racial bias by <mask> were found. District Attorney Gil Garcetti opened a criminal investigation into the shooting. Witnesses to various moments of the event confirmed <mask>'s account, as did a surveillance camera at the mini-mart, which recorded the sound of <mask> firing two shots 1.8 seconds apart. The District Attorney's inquiry eventually ruled that <mask> was not criminally liable. Three months after the incident, the LAPD unit investigating the shooting found that <mask> had acted according to department policy, and the department's shooting board recommended no disciplinary action. The ruling, however, was postponed pending results of a three-dimensional digital re-creation of the shooting. In November, 1997, <mask> appeared again before the shooting board, which reviewed the evidence and the 3D re-creation, and in December LAPD chief Bernard Parks reported that the shooting was within department policy; no action would be taken against Lyga.Even though the re-creation of the shooting supported Lyga’s story, the city and Cochran agreed to a settlement conference the following October, mediated by retired Judge R. William Schoettler, Cochran had reduced his claim for 25 million dollars to $800,000 and then to $250,000, which the city agreed to. Judge Schoettler later wrote a letter to Parks telling him that he thought the settlement was "political"; had the case gone to trial, he believed, Lyga and the city would have won. Stolen evidence
Within months of being cleared, Lyga found himself under investigation again. On March 27, 1998, one pound of cocaine evidence booked from one of Lyga's previous arrests was found missing from the Parker Center property room. Rafael Perez
Investigators eventually learned that the missing cocaine had been stolen by Rafael Perez, whom they suspected, at the time, of targeting Lyga in retaliation for the shooting of Gaines. The arrest of Perez, along with Gaines's death would cause investigations that would lead to the Rampart Scandal. Suspension and termination
On June 26, 2014, Detective <mask> was placed on paid administrative leave after a pending investigation into allegations he made racist comments calling Attorney Carl Douglas an "Ewok from the Star Wars movies".The comment was made after a training lecture given to other officers, during a question-answer section with officers asking for information relating to the 1997 shooting and aftermath. <mask> was recorded on November 15, 2013, after an in-service training class at the Los Angeles Police Academy. Detective <mask> told the class that he didn't have any regrets shooting Gaines; in fact, he wished there were more of "them" in the car at the time. He stated that he could have killed a truckload of "them" and not felt anything and would be happy doing it. In the recording, he called a female captain a "very cute little Hispanic lady who couldn't find her ass with both of her hands". In 1998, the woman had been a detective assigned to investigate the disappearance of Lyga's personnel file. He also said of the woman, "I heard she's been swapped around a bunch of times."He also called a lieutenant a "fucking moron" and another officer a "fruit". In October 2014, the LAPD Board of Rights recommended that <mask> be terminated. He retired prior to being fired by LAPD Chief Charles Beck. In August 2016, the City of Los Angeles agreed to pay Lyga $50,000 for wrongful termination. However, the city admitted no wrong doing and <mask> was not offered his job back as a part of the settlement. Depictions in media
In the biography film City of Lies, <mask> is played by Shea Whigham, features the 1997 road rage incident with LAPD officer Kevin Gaines (police officer). It also features the missing cocaine stolen by LAPD officer Rafael Pérez (police officer) in order to frame Lyga for the killing of Officer Kevin Gaines.References

1950s births
Living people
Los Angeles Police Department officers
Rampart scandal
People from Herkimer County, New York

masks:
Frank Lyga
Lyga
Lyga
Lyga
Lyga
Lyga
Lyga
Lyga
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Lyga
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<mask><mask><mask> (1787 – December 8, 1811) was an English actress and the mother of the American author <mask>. Life and career
<mask> was born to Henry and <mask> in London in the spring of 1787. Her mother was a stage actress in London from 1791 to 1795. Henry died in 1789 and, in November 1795, only mother and daughter sailed from England to the United States, arriving in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 3, 1796. Arnold debuted on the Boston stage at the age of nine, only three months after her arrival in the United States. She played a character named Biddy Blair in David Garrick's farce Miss in Her Teens and was praised in the Portland Herald: "Miss Arnold, in Miss Biddy, exceeded all praise.. Although a miss of only nine years old, her powers as an Actress will do credit to any of her sex of maturer age".Later that year, <mask> married musician Charles Tubbs, who had sailed with the Arnolds from England. The small family joined with a manager Mr. Edgar to form a theater troupe called the Charleston Comedians. <mask>, <mask>'s mother, died sometime while this troupe was traveling through North Carolina. Little is known about her death but she disappears from theatrical records in 1798 and it is presumed she died shortly after. After her mother's death, <mask> stayed with the theater troupe. She followed the tradition at the time for actors to travel from city to city to perform for as long as several months before moving on. The actors, theaters, and audiences had a wide range of sophistication.One of the most impressive venues at which she performed was the Chestnut Street Theater near Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which seated two thousand. Over the course of her career she played some 300 parts, as well as choral and dancing roles, including William Shakespeare characters Juliet Capulet and Ophelia. In the summer of 1802, at the age of fifteen, <mask> married Charles Hopkins. Hopkins died three years later in October 1805, possibly of yellow fever, leaving <mask> an eighteen-year-old widow. The Baltimore-born <mask> Jr. saw <mask> performing in Norfolk, Virginia, and decided to join her acting troupe, abandoning his family's plans for him to study law. <mask> married <mask> only six months after Hopkins's death in 1806. The couple traveled throughout New England and the rest of the northeast, playing in various towns such as Richmond, Philadelphia, and at an outdoor summer theater in New York City before finally settling in Boston.They stayed in Boston for three consecutive seasons of thirty weeks each in a theater that fit an audience of about one thousand. Reviews at the time often remarked on <mask>'s "interesting figure" and "sweetly melodious voice". Though times were difficult, the couple had two sons; William Henry Leonard was born in January 1807 (nine months after their wedding) and Edgar was born on January 19, 1809, at a boarding-house near Boston Common, close to where their troupe was performing. <mask> performed until 10 days before Edgar's birth and may have named her second son after the Mr. Edgar who led the Charleston Comedians. The family relocated to New York City in the summer of 1809. <mask> had often been praised for her acting ability while David's performances were routinely criticized harshly, possibly due to his own stage fright. David, an ill-tempered alcoholic, abandoned the stage and his family about six weeks after moving to New York.Though David's fate is unknown, there is some evidence to suggest he died in Norfolk on December 11, 1811. In his absence, <mask> gave birth to a third child, a daughter she called Rosalie, in December 1810. Rosalie was later described as "backward" and she may have been intellectually disabled. <mask> continued traveling as she performed. Death

In 1811, while staying at a boarding house in Richmond, Virginia, for a performance, <mask> began spitting blood. Her performances became less frequent until October 1811 when she stopped appearing altogether. Her last performance was on October 11, 1811, as Countess Wintersen in a play called The Stranger.Friends and fellow actors Mr. and Mrs. Luke Usher (the name may have inspired <mask>'s tale "The Fall of the House of Usher") took care of the children during <mask>'s illness and many in the Richmond area took an interest in her health. On November 29 of that year, the Richmond Theater announced a benefit performance on her behalf. A local publication, the Enquirer, reported her need for help: "On this night, Mrs. <mask>, lingering on the bed of disease and surrounded by her children, asks your assistance and asks it perhaps for the last time". <mask> finally died on Sunday morning, December 8, 1811, at the age of twenty-four, surrounded by her children. It is generally assumed that she died of tuberculosis. She is buried at St. John's Episcopal Church in Richmond. Though her actual burying place is unknown, a memorial marks the general area.After her death, her three children were split up. William Henry <mask> lived with his paternal grandparents in Baltimore, <mask> was taken in by John and Frances Allan in Richmond, and Rosalie <mask> was adopted by William and Jane Scott Mackenzie in Richmond, Virginia. Influence
Though he was young when she died, <mask> was heavily affected by <mask>'s death and many of his works reflect her influence. His first published work "Metzengerstein" features a fire burning down a large home, possibly reflecting the fire that destroyed the Richmond Theatre, where she had performed. The fire occurred in December 1811, only three weeks after her death. The early loss of his mother and other women, including his wife Virginia, may also have inspired <mask>'s often-used literary theme of dying women. This theme is readily present in works like "The Raven".Notes

Sources
Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York City: Cooper Square Press, 1992. .
Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A<mask>: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York City: Harper Perennial, 1991. .
Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001. .
Stashower, Daniel. The Beautiful Cigar Girl: Mary Rogers, Edgar Allan <mask>, and the Invention of Murder.New York: Dutton, 2006. .

Further reading
Smith, Geddeth. The Brief Career of <mask>. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press: April 1988. External links

 "Market Lass: The Myriad Roles of <mask>" by Maggi Smith-Dalton at Boston Singers Resource
 <mask> at Poedecoder.com

1787 births
1811 deaths
English emigrants to the United States
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
<mask> family (United States)
English stage actresses
Actresses from London
Tuberculosis deaths in Virginia
19th-century American actresses
American stage actresses

masks:
Elizabeth "
Eliza
" Arnold Hopkins Poe
Edgar Allan Poe
Elizabeth Arnold
Elizabeth Arnold
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Eliza
Eliza
Eliza
Eliza
David Poe
Eliza
Poe
Eliza
Eliza
Eliza
Eliza
Eliza
Eliza
Eliza
Poe
Eliza
Poe
Eliza
Leonard Poe
Edgar Poe
Poe
Edgar Poe
Eliza Poe
Edgar Poe
. Poe
Poe
Eliza Poe
Elizabeth Poe
Eliza Poe
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<mask> (20 March 1744 – 25 June 1813) was a German military officer from Hesse-Kassel. After first serving in the Seven Years' War, he was the commander of the Jäger corps of the Hessian Leib Infantry Regiment attached to British forces in the American Revolutionary War. He arrived with his troops, first serving in the Battle of White Plains in October 1776. He saw regular action until his capture at Yorktown in 1781. In 1788, he joined the Danish Army, where he rose to the rank of lieutenant general; he also served as governor general of Holstein during the Napoleonic Wars. Following his American war experiences, he wrote an Essay on Partisan Warfare (), a widely read treatise on guerrilla warfare. He also kept a journal during most of his time in North America that has since become a valuable resource for historians of the war.Seven Years' War
<mask> was born in Kassel, the capital city of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, on 30 March 1744. His father Georg Heinrich <mask> was a bookkeeper, and his mother, Katharina Elisabeth, was the daughter of a Kassel merchant. Both parents died while he was relatively young, and he was raised after their deaths by his grandmother. In an effort to dissuade the 14-year-old <mask> from a military career, he was taken to see the battlefield after the 23 July 1758 Battle of Sandershausen. <mask>'s response to the scene was "Oh, how happy are they who died for their country in such a way!" In 1760 <mask> enlisted in the Regiment Gilsa, and was immediately involved in combat. Serving first in the army of Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, the regiment saw action at Corbach and Warburg before besieging Kassel in 1761, then held by the French.<mask> was wounded during this siege in March 1761, and was promoted to ensign for his bravery. Returning to action in June, his regiment saw further action in 1761 and 1762, notably at Wilhelmstal and the second Siege of Cassel in 1762. Peace
After the Seven Years' War ended, <mask> remained with the regiment, now reduced. He was transferred to the guards, where he was promoted to second lieutenant in 1766. In 1769 he was transferred to the Leib Regiment after the Landgrave, Frederick II, decreed that only nobles could serve in the guards. On 20 February 1770, after an evening of drinking, <mask> got into an argument with a friend. In the ensuing duel, <mask> was struck in the left eye, and very nearly died.According to <mask>, the landgrave refused to punish him for this (even though it took more than a year to recover from the injury), saying "When a horse has run out of the stable, one closes the door". <mask> from then on wore a glass eye that caused him some discomfort. <mask> enrolled in the Collegium Carolinum, where he studied military theory and economics. As a result of these studies, <mask> published his first treatise in 1774, dedicated to Frederick II: Gedanken eines hessischen Officiers über das, was man bey Führung eines Detaschements im Felde zu thun hat (Thoughts of a Hessian officer about what he has to do when leading a detachment in the field). <mask> was also promoted to captain in 1774, the last promotion he would receive in the Kassel service. War in America

1776-1778: New York, New Jersey, and Philadelphia

In late 1775 Frederick II signed an agreement with King George III of Great Britain to supply him with troops for use in North America in suppressing the rebellion that had broken out in the Thirteen Colonies. The troops supplied by Frederick included the Leib Regiment, and <mask> arrived in New York City in October 1776.Sent forward to New Rochelle, his jäger company was given a lead position in the army of General William Howe, and was first engaged in the 28 October Battle of White Plains. His position in the advance became quite normal for his company, which was consequently often engaged in skirmishes and the leading edges of battles. <mask> served with some distinction in the New Jersey and Philadelphia campaigns, where he was involved in (among others) battles at Mount Holly, Brandywine, and Germantown. On the direction of General Charles Cornwallis, <mask> developed a plan of attack against a Continental Army position at Bound Brook, New Jersey in March 1777. In the April battle, the Continentals were surprised, and their commander, Benjamin Lincoln, narrowly avoided capture. During the Philadelphia campaign, <mask>'s jägers were also involved in the Battle of Red Bank. They covered the retreat after the Hessian Brigadier General Carl von Donop's disastrous attempt to take the fort by assault was repulsed, killing Donop and a number of his officers, including some that <mask> considered friends.<mask> analyzed the debacle in his journal, pointing out that the garrison should not have been summoned to surrender (removing the element of surprise), and that the main thrust of the attack was misplaced. <mask>'s unit was involved in many of the minor engagements during the occupation of Philadelphia, and was almost constantly engaging the Americans during the British march across New Jersey. <mask> noted of that march, "One can truly state that this march cost two thousand men." 1779-1781: New York, Charleston, and Virginia
In 1779 <mask>'s company was involved in British operations to capture key American defenses at Stony Point, New York. It was not involved in the American response, a raid by Brigadier General Anthony Wayne that captured more than half the British garrison. Most of 1779 was spent on guard duty, until December, when his unit, specifically requested by Generals Clinton and Cornwallis, was selected for the expedition to take Charleston, South Carolina. His company was again in the vanguard on the march from the landing place to the city.At one point he used a ruse to reconnoiter an enemy position on the Stono River. After waving his handkerchief, he approached an enemy outpost, and inquired whether the unit, which he ascertained to be Pulaski's Legion, had a supposed acquaintance of his serving in it. During the conversation he carefully noted the surrounding features, before returning to his unit. This action drew praise from General Clinton. After the successful siege, <mask>'s company returned to New York with General Clinton, leaving Cornwallis the task of taking control of South Carolina. He spent the remainder of 1780 on guard duty around New York, until he learned in December that his company had been chosen to be part of Benedict Arnold's expedition to Virginia. Landing in Virginia on 31 December 1780, the expedition moved up the James River, <mask>'s company and the Queen's Rangers of John Graves Simcoe in the lead, and raided Richmond on 5 January 1781.The force then made its way to Portsmouth, destroying military and economic targets along the way. <mask>'s company reached Portsmouth on 19 January, and began the task of fortifying the town. The arrival of a small French fleet in the area was accompanied by a flurry of defensive activity, but the French left without taking any action. Rumors of French and American forces (both land and naval) to attack the position led Arnold to order additional work to fortify the Portsmouth area against possible attacks. When French ships were again sighted (probably consequent to the 16 March Battle of Cape Henry), tensions rose again in the town, and <mask> was wounded in the knee during a patrol on 19 March. At the time, a small detachment of <mask>'s jägers was apparently the only force providing defense against a large detachment of American militia on the far side of a creek. Arnold's failure to mention the jägers' valor in holding off this force rankled <mask>, and he complained of it to the commander.Arnold ensured that recognition of their work was given that evening. The French flag sighted turned out to have been a false flag; the ships had in fact been British, and were followed on 31 March by the arrival of more than 2,000 men under the command of William Phillips. While <mask> recuperated from his injury at Norfolk, Phillips led the combined forces on further raids into Virginia. His forces were eventually taken over by General Cornwallis, who joined his southern army with then at Petersburg in May. On 29 May, General Alexander Leslie arrived in Portsmouth to take command of the establishment. Feeling recovered from his injury, <mask> requested and received permission to rejoin his unit with Cornwallis's army. He was with that force through its movements in Virginia.During the later stages of these movements, <mask>'s unit was often detached along with Simcoe's on foraging and raiding expeditions. On the morning of 26 June, Simcoe's force was resting before rejoining Cornwallis in Williamsburg, when it was surprised by an advance company of Americans. These were from a larger detachment of the Marquis de Lafayette's army led by General Wayne that was chasing after Simcoe, hoping to bring him to an engagement. The resulting battle was somewhat confused, and both sides broke off the battle, fearing the supporting force of the other was near. <mask>, as soon as the alarm was raised, coolly organized his jägers in a position to attack the American flank. The British eventually withdrew, only to meet Cornwallis and his advance units a few miles down the road. Although <mask> was not involved in the Battle of Green Spring that attended the British army's crossing of the James River on 6 July, he was with the army when it arrived at Yorktown.As the American and French forces began to concentrate around them, <mask> and his jägers continued to be on the edges, making forage raids and skirmishing with the enemy; however, sickness took its toll on his unit. He reported on 18 September that his unit had shrunk to 29 men, half of whom were sick. As the siege neared its end, Cornwallis released all of the former slaves that had accompanied his army, intending to force them to become a burden on the Americans. However, <mask> recounts making a patrol into the no mans land between the two forces, and having to force groups of those unfortunates to move further toward the American lines. Following the British surrender, <mask> returned to New York on parole. His depression over the circumstances was lifted by a letter from Frederick II, specifically citing <mask> for "fine conduct" and rewarded him with "my extraordinary satisfaction and the assurance of my entirely special favore and grace." <mask> spent 1782 and 1783 with the rest of the jäger corps on Long Island.Sickness acquired in the south recurred, and he was eventually released from his parole as part of a prisoner exchange. However, the war was effectively at an end, with peace concluded in September 1783. In October of that year, <mask> left New York with a friend to visit West Point, due to its reputation as the most important American stronghold of the war. General Henry Knox graciously allowed them access, and had his adjutant show them around. On 21 November, the jäger corps was among the last units to leave New York. On 22 April 1784, <mask> returned to Kassel. Service with Denmark
On his return, <mask> was reassigned to the Regiment von Dittfurth.Over the next year, he worked on another military treatise, Abhandlung über den kleinen Krieg (Essay on partisan warfare), that was published in 1785. Upon the death of Frederick II, William IX ordered <mask> to reform the Hesse-Hanau jäger force. In 1787 <mask>, still a captain, was passed over for promotion. The officers promoted ahead of him were nobles, and the indignity led him to request a release from service so that he might pursue opportunities for advancement elsewhere. William's brother Charles recommended <mask> for service in Denmark, where he had been raised. In August 1788, <mask> departed for Denmark with his new bride, Susanne. <mask> was hopeful for action, as there were rumors that Denmark would be drawn into the war just begun between Russia and Sweden.<mask> was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the Danish army, and authorized to raise a corps of jägers in the Duchy of Schleswig, then a Danish territory. He was given command of a light infantry battalion in 1790, and also raised to the Danish nobility. In 1795 he was promoted to colonel, with a promotion to major general following in 1802. In 1801 he commanded the Danish occupying forces in Hamburg and Lübeck, where he was so well liked by the citizenry that they invited him to become their civil governor; he declined. By 1803, the Napoleonic Wars began to threaten Denmark, which had remained neutral. <mask> was again in the vanguard of the military forces, responsible for the defense of the Duchy of Holstein, which represented Denmark's southern frontier. In 1806, after the Prussian loss to French forces in the Battle of Lübeck, Prussian forces attempted to cross the border to escape the French.The French, believing they had done so, demanded the right to cross the border in pursuit. <mask>, in a bold bid to speak directly with the French commander, Joachim Murat, jumped a horse over a ditch and convinced a French officer to bring him to Murat. Murat refused to believe <mask>'s assertion that Prussians had not crossed the border, and threatened to kill him. Murat also refused to give <mask> an escort back to his own lines; <mask> had some difficult returning due to the unsettled conditions in the area. The incident resulted in the removal of French forces from Danish territory. Napoleon also insured that Danish neutrality was respected. Danish neutrality did not last much longer.In 1807 the British launched a preemptive strike against Copenhagen, driving Crown Prince Frederick into alliance with the French. Danish plans to attack Sweden during the winter of 1808-1809 were not realized due to bad weather; <mask> was to have been in the vanguard. Frederick, who ascended to the throne in 1809, awarded <mask> with the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog. In May 1809 <mask> and a Danish corps were sent to assist in putting down a revolt in Swedish Pomerania. Combined with Dutch forces, the revolt was put down in the decisive Battle of Stralsund; the rebel leader, Ferdinand von Schill, was killed by a Danish soldier. <mask>'s performance in the battle was lauded: Frederick promoted him to lieutenant general, and he was awarded the Dutch Order of the Union and the French Legion of Honor. <mask> continued to serve in command of Danish forces stationed in Schleswig-Holstein, but saw no further action.In 1812 King Frederick awarded him the Order of Dannebrog. <mask> retired in May 1813, suffering from dropsy. He died in Kiel on 25 June, surrounded by his wife, son, and five daughters. He was buried four days later. The cemetery in Kiel where he was interred was destroyed by Allied bombing during World War II. Legacy
<mask>'s son Carl also served in the Danish military, rising to the rank of major general. In addition to numerous treatises on military tactics, <mask> kept a journal during his service in North America.The diary was a four volume bound edition prepared by <mask> for his heirs in 1798. Joseph Tustin acquired three of the four volumes in the aftermath of World War II, and spent many years searching for the missing third volume. Although he believes it to have been destroyed, he did acquire a copy of the third volume's text, made from a copy of the original in the possession of the heirs of the Schleswig-Holstein nobility. Tustin describes the diary as "the most important and comprehensive diary kept by a Hessian mercenary." His great-great-grandson was Danish designer Poul Henningsen. Notes

References

German biography of <mask>

1744 births
1813 deaths
Hessian military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Danish military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Danish generals
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
People from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog

masks:
Johann von Ewald
Johann Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
Ewald
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Ewald


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<mask> is an American actress and television director. She is best known for her leading roles as Liz Parker in the WB/UPN science fiction drama series Roswell (1999–2002) and Rachel Goldberg in the Lifetime/Hulu drama series Unreal (2015–2018). Her major film credits include A Time for Dancing (2000), Swimfan (2002), Havoc (2005), Charlie Wilson's War (2007), and The Devil's Candy (2015). Appleby also starred as intern Daria Wade in the final season of the NBC medical drama series ER (2008–2009). She later starred as Cate Cassidy in The CW drama series Life Unexpected (2010–2011) and as Lucy Lambert in the web comedy series Dating Rules from My Future Self (2012). Appleby also had recurring roles on the NBC drama series Chicago Fire (2012–2013) and the HBO comedy-drama series Girls (2013–2014). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of <mask> (née Bouader), a Jewish day school teacher, and <mask>, a telecommunications executive.Her Israeli-born mother is of Sephardic Jewish (Moroccan-Jewish) descent, and her father is American and of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. <mask>'s mother was an actress in Israel. She and her younger brother Evan were raised in Calabasas in Los Angeles County. They kept kosher in their home growing up. She attended Hebrew school, and had a Bat Mitzvah. <mask> graduated from Calabasas High School in 1997. She attended University of Southern California from 1998 to 1999, where she studied English.After two years she got the starring role in Roswell and was working steadily, but while shooting Life Unexpected in 2010, Appleby started to work towards a psychology degree from the online University of Phoenix. It took her 14 months, while also working, to complete the degree in 2012. <mask> began her acting career at the age of four, starting with advertisements for various products such as Cheerios and M&M's. She started acting and taking acting classes because her parents were concerned that she was so shy and introverted. Her first advertisement was for Raisin Bran, but it was never aired. She made guest appearances on many television programs, most notably thirtysomething (1987), Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989), ER (1994), Baywatch (1989), Xena: Warrior Princess (1995), 7th Heaven (1997), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990), before landing her break-out role in the series Roswell (1999–2002), where she tried out for the roles of Isabel and Maria before landing the leading role of Liz Parker.Appleby has been featured in a number of music videos, such as Bon Jovi's video for "It's My Life" with Will Estes, and the 2004 video for the song "I Don't Want to Be" by Gavin DeGraw, opposite Scott Mechlowicz. She also appeared in Sense Field's music video for "Save Yourself," which is part of the Roswell soundtrack and featured in the first season DVD box set. In 2006, she had a recurring role on the short-lived ABC drama Six Degrees as Anya, a young assistant in a relationship with a much older photographer. Later that year, she played Hildy Young in the new USA Network series To Love and Die, that began airing in late December 2008. She also participated in a short film called Carjacking directed by Dan Passman and co-starring Geoff Stults. In 2007, she appeared in the movie What Love Is alongside Cuba Gooding Jr., Matthew Lillard, and Anne Heche. She also participated in another short film Love Like Wind from Shaolin Film Productions.At the end of the year, she appeared as Charlie Wilson's press secretary in the film Charlie Wilson's War, which stars Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts. In 2008, <mask> had a recurring role on the 15th and final season of ER (her second time on the show), playing an intern named Daria Wade. In 2010, <mask> starred in The CW network drama Life Unexpected as Cate Cassidy, a radio talk show host whose daughter whom she gave up for adoption becomes a part of her life. The show was canceled after two seasons. In 2012, <mask> starred as the main character of Dating Rules from My Future Self, which she also produced. In 2013, she had a role in the Lena Dunham HBO series, Girls, which was controversial. She said the role allowed her to break out of a career where she was often typecast as being sweet.<mask> said that she got the role because she was shadowing director Jesse Peretz (as she is interested in directing), and talked with Girls producer Jenni Konner, with whom she was friendly. Konner asked her if she would be interested in the part. In 2013, she was cast in the leading role in the Lifetime drama/dark comedy series Unreal, a show about the inner workings of a reality show (a show within a show), which premiered on June 1, 2015, and was produced by former The Bachelor producer, Sarah Gertrude Shapiro and writer Marti Noxon. To research her role as a reality show dating show producer, <mask> said that she spent time with a producer to quiz them about the work. She said that one of the appeals of the show was that the central focus was not about her character being in a romantic relationship. The show garnered strong reviews and had been picked up for four seasons. In 2016, <mask> directed her first episode of Unreal, titled "Casualty".She went on to direct multiple episodes of the series. In July 2018, the series ended after four seasons. In 2017, <mask> starred in Janicza Bravo's first full length feature, Lemon, which debuted at Sundance Film Festival. In 2021, <mask> had a cameo role in the last scene of Season 3 Episode 13 of Roswell, New Mexico. Personal life

In July 2012, <mask> got engaged to her boyfriend of two years, chef and restaurateur Jon Shook, during a trip to Ventotene, Italy. Shook is the co-owner with Vinny Dotolo of the Los Angeles restaurants Animal, Son of a Gun, Trois Mec, and Jon & Vinny's. Shook said that he met Appleby through his business partner Dotolo's wife, who was friends with Appleby.In December 2012, the couple announced that they were expecting their first child in early 2013. <mask> gave birth to a girl, Natalie Bouader Shook, on March 23, 2013. They have since married. Their second child, son Owen Lee Shook was born on December 17, 2015. In Hebrew, the word shiri means either "my song" or "my poem" or simply "sing" (second person female imperative). Appleby said her parents said that when she was born, she was like the song in their hearts. She has a scar above her left eyebrow that she got when a neighbor's dog bit her when she was young.To get over her fear of dogs, she went on the show Emergency Vets, accompanying staff veterinarian Dr. Kevin Fitzgerald (she also overcame another phobia in the same episode by holding a live snake, one of Fitzgerald's patients) and shortly after adopted a tabby cat, which she named Abby. Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Director

Accolades

References

External links

20th-century American actresses
20th-century Sephardi Jews
21st-century American actresses
21st-century Sephardi Jews
American Mizrahi Jews
American Ashkenazi Jews
Actresses from Los Angeles
American child actresses
American film actresses
American people of Israeli descent
American people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
American Sephardic Jews
American television actresses
Jewish American actresses
Living people
People from Calabasas, California
University of Phoenix alumni
21st-century American Jews
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Shiri Freda Appleby
Appleby
Dina Appleby
Jerry Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Career Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Appleby
Appleby


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<mask> (1745–1830) was a British entrepreneur, pottery manufacturer, banker, and newspaper proprietor of Swansea, Wales. Early career

<mask> was born in 1745 to a Quaker family with its origins in Henley-in-Arden, Warwickshire, although his exact place of birth and continuing religious affiliations are uncertain. As a young man he migrated to Philadelphia in the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania where he established himself as a merchant. He was a subscriber to the Bank of Pennsylvania in 1780 and held two shares in the Bank of North America of which he was briefly a director from 1782 until his return to Britain in 1783. Cambrian Pottery

On his return from Pennsylvania he settled in Swansea, Wales for reasons that are no longer clear. Here in about 1786 he became a partner in the Swansea Pottery. In 1790 he became managing partner and set about modernising the works along the lines adopted by Josiah Wedgwood at his Etruria works and changed the name of the works to the Cambrian Pottery.Under his management the concern flourished and produced high quality porcelain; <mask> was probably the only person in south Wales at this time to have any knowledge of the processes involved in its manufacture. Following the death of John Coles, the son of the founder of the Pottery, <mask> became the sole proprietor and traded as Haynes & Co. However, in 1802 William Dillwyn purchased the remainder of the lease and invested a substantial amount of capital in the business. Dillwyn's son, Lewis Weston Dillwyn, was taken into the firm as an active partner on instructions from his father. <mask> continued to manage the business, but the partnership was an uneasy one and in 1810 <mask> terminated the arrangement and left the pottery to concentrate on his other interests. Banking and related activities

From about 1800 <mask> was associated with Henry Pocklington in a banking house in Swansea. Following the death of Pocklington in 1816 <mask> became the senior partner and took his son, <mask> junior, into the business.<mask> and William Lawrence were subsequently admitted as partners and the bank traded as Haynes, Day, Haynes & Lawrence. This partnership subsequently extended its activities to Llanelli where it traded as the Llanelly Bank. In 1820 <mask> opened a further bank in Neath in partnership with his older son <mask> and his younger son William Woodward <mask>. The Swansea bank acted as Treasurer to the Swansea Tontine which was formed in 1805 to build the Theatre Royal and the Assembly Rooms, with <mask> as one of its promoters and its Secretary. The following year he became Treasurer of the Swansea Society for the Education of Children and by 1816 was also Treasurer of the Swansea Savings Bank and of the Royal Swansea Lancasterian Free School. Other interests

<mask> was one of the trustees appointed under the terms of the Swansea Harbour Act of 1790 and continued to serve in this capacity until 1825 or later. In 1794 he was elected to the committee of the Swansea Canal on its formation and continued as a member until 1822.He was himself a trader on the canal at one time as a partner in the Brynmorgan colliery in the Swansea Valley. He also took an active part in municipal affairs and was concerned with improvements to paving and lighting the town and to its postal services. Between 1803 and 1808 he was a captain in the Western Glamorgan Infantry Volunteers. In 1803 the publication of a weekly newspaper in Swansea was proposed. <mask> formed a company to raise the necessary capital and in 1804 publication of the weekly newspaper, The Cambrian, commenced, the first newspaper to be published in Wales. The paper was controlled by <mask> and his son <mask> until they sold their interest in it in 1822. <mask> was a founder member of the Glamorgan Library (1804) and proprietor of the Cambrian Brewery (1805), where he had various partners from time to time including Henry Pocklington, his colleague in the bank.In 1810 he established a short-lived soap works on a site adjacent to the Cambrian Pottery, possibly in a fit of pique following his forced departure from the pottery. Following legal action on the part of Dillwyn on the grounds of the nuisance caused by its activities, it was forced to close almost immediately. Subsequently, in 1813/14 <mask> was instrumental in the establishment of the Glamorgan Pottery as a rival to the Cambrian Pottery and on an adjoining site, although he was never formally a partner in the concern. Later life

In about 1803 <mask> purchased the Ynystanglws estate at Clydach in the Swansea valley by the side of the Swansea Canal which he started to develop as a country seat. Following his withdrawal from the Cambrian Pottery in 1810 he used the capital so released to build a neo-Gothic-style house with a range of ancillary buildings, possibly designed by the Swansea architect William Jernegan. <mask>'s closing years were affected by the banking crisis of 1825. Following a run on the bank in December 1825 Haynes, Day, Haynes & Lawrence were forced into bankruptcy in January 1826 followed by the bank in Neath controlled by <mask> and his son, William Woodward <mask>.Over the following two years several sales of the property of <mask> and of his son William took place, including the brewery in Swansea and household furniture from his house at Clydach. <mask> died at his home in Clydach on 2 January 1830. His contribution to the development of Swansea, and to all aspects of its social and economic life, at a time when the town was generally regarded as being the centre of polite society in south Wales and as one of the most important centres of industrial activity in the country, was considerable, although it has not been sufficiently recognised. A contribution of particular importance, but by no means the only one, was his development of the Pottery into what was for a time an establishment of national importance. References

Ceramics manufacturers of Wales
19th-century British newspaper publishers (people)
19th-century British newspaper founders
Banks of the United Kingdom
1745 births
1830 deaths

masks:
George Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
George Haynes
George Day
Haynes
George
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
George
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes


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<mask>, VC (23 February 1890 – 1 October 1916) was a New Zealand recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for valour "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Born in Dunedin, <mask> was a farmer when the First World War began. In late 1915, he volunteered for service abroad with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) and was posted to the 2nd Battalion, the Otago Infantry Regiment. He saw action on the Western Front, and was awarded the VC for his actions during the Battle of Flers–Courcelette in September 1916. As he was killed several days later during the Battle of Le Transloy, the award was made posthumously. His VC was the second to be awarded to a soldier serving with the NZEF during the war and was the first earned in an action on the Western Front. Early life
<mask> was born on 23 February 1890 in Dunedin, New Zealand.He was one of 10 children of <mask>, a draper living in Oamaru, and his wife Jessie . His parents were migrants from Scotland who had married in New Zealand. The youngest boy in his family, <mask> was educated at South School and, later, Waitaki Boys' High School in Oamaru. After completing his schooling he took up farming, and by 1913 had purchased a farm at Totara, south of Oamaru. First World War
When the First World War broke out, <mask> continued to work on his farm for a year but then sold it and volunteered for the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) on 19 October 1915. He received his training at Trentham Military Camp and embarked for the Middle East in January 1916 with the Ninth Reinforcements. By this time he had been promoted to corporal.The newly formed New Zealand Division was training in Egypt and when <mask> arrived, he was posted to the 2nd Battalion, Otago Infantry Regiment. Within a few months he was on the Western Front in France with the rest of the division. On arrival in France, the New Zealanders were assigned to the Armentières sector of the Western Front. This area was considered to be a "nursery" sector, for introducing inexperienced troops to the Western Front. <mask>'s battalion was initially positioned to the east of Armentières. Despite being a quiet part of the front, it was still exposed to artillery and sniper fire. The battalion rotated regularly in and out of the front line, as it gained experience in trench warfare.In August 1916, the division began transferring to the Somme sector. The next month, <mask>, by now a sergeant, was involved in the Battle of Flers–Courcelette, part of the Somme Offensive. On the opening day of the battle, 15 September, the 2nd Otago Battalion, alongside the 2nd Auckland Battalion, had to capture a series of German-held trenches from their position south-east of High Wood. The advance commenced at 6:20 am. While the first trench was easily captured with the assistance of effective artillery support, his company came under heavy flanking machine gun fire while advancing to the next trench, which caused many casualties in the company. <mask>, together with another soldier, Corporal Jesse Rodgers, attacked one machine gun post, killing the crew and capturing the gun. The remaining soldiers regrouped and prepared for an attack on the next trench.During a covering artillery barrage they once again came under fire from a machine gun post. <mask> was amongst those who attacked this second machine gun post, swiftly dealing with the threat. Once the covering barrage lifted, the New Zealanders advanced and captured their next objective, a position known as Switch Trench, by 7:00 am. Some tanks were supposed to have been assisting the infantry but these never appeared. <mask> was key in immediately improving the existing defences in preparation against a possible counterattack, by digging new trenches for shelter should Switch Trench be targeted by German artillery. The following day, his battalion was relieved and withdrew from the front line. <mask>'s company lost 123 men from its initial complement of 180 during the opening day of the battle.After a period of rest, <mask>'s battalion moved back into the front line on the evening of 28 September. It was to be one of the assaulting battalions involved in an attack to clear out a German trench system near Eaucourt L'Abbaye as part of the Battle of Le Transloy that commenced on 1 October. On the opening day of the battle, <mask> was again involved in the seizing of a German machine gun post at a strongpoint that was holding up the advance. Moving forward on his own, armed only with a pistol, <mask> attacked the post. He managed to kill its crew and capture the gun which allowed his fellow troops to attack and capture the strongpoint. While firing at German soldiers as they fled, <mask> was shot in the head by a sniper and killed instantly. Victoria Cross

<mask>'s company commander had recommended him for a Distinguished Conduct Medal for his actions on 15 September.In a letter to <mask>'s father, his battalion commander hoped that the recommendation would be upgraded to a Victoria Cross (VC). The VC, instituted in 1856, was the highest award for valour that could be bestowed on a soldier of the British Empire. The senior leadership of the NZEF were slow to recognise <mask>'s gallantry and it was not until the officers of his battalion lobbied for a VC nomination that any progress was made. The award of the VC to <mask> was gazetted on 15 June 1917. The citation read:

<mask>'s VC was only the second to be awarded to a soldier of the NZEF and the first as a result of an action on the Western Front. Arthur Foljambe, the 2nd Earl of Liverpool and New Zealand's Governor General, duly presented the VC to <mask>'s father in a ceremony at Oamaru on 30 August 1917. The medal remains in the possession of his family but it has been loaned for display at Waitaki Boys' High School, the QEII Army Memorial Museum in Waiouru and the North Otago Museum.<mask> is buried at Warlencourt British Cemetery, France. A memorial tablet in his honour was unveiled in the Oamaru Municipal Chambers on 27 October 1917. In 1919, as part of an effort to recognise men from North Otago who had been killed in the war, an oak tree was planted in his memory in Oamaru. There is also a plaque honouring him in Queen's Garden in Dunedin. Notes

Footnotes

Citations

References

External links
  (brief biography details)

1890 births
1916 deaths
New Zealand World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross
Battle of the Somme recipients of the Victoria Cross
New Zealand military personnel killed in World War I
New Zealand Army personnel
People from Dunedin
People educated at Waitaki Boys' High School
Burials at Warlencourt British Cemetery

masks:
Donald Forrester Brown
Brown
Donald Forrester Brown
Robert Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown


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<mask> (born December 21, 1952) is a Turkish citizen and Professor of Medicine, recognized for his academic achievements in the field of gastroenterology. Career
<mask>, born in Diyarbakir, Turkey in 1952, received his medical degree at the Medical Faculty of Istanbul University in 1977. He was appointed to Associate Professor in 1988 and Professorship in 1995 in the same university. Between the years 1990 and 1992, Dr. Mungan worked as a Research Associate Professor at New Orleans, Tulane University and has been awarded the Kemal Akdamar GI Research Fellowship. He was Head of Gastroenterohepatology in Istanbul University between 2005 and 2010 and President of the Istanbul Branch of Turkish Gastroenterology Association between 1999 and 2007. Dr. <mask> is a Fellow of the American College of Gastroenterology, Fellow of the European Board of Gastroenterology and a member of the Turkish Gastroenterology Association. He is the author of more than 100 papers published in international and Turkish journals and gastroenterelogy textbooks, mostly in the fields of endoscopy, GI peptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), acid-peptic diseases and gastrointestinal motility.Dr. Mungan is also on the editorial board of Gastroenterology Research and Practice, Best Research and Practice Clinical Gastroenterology, and The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology. Family
He is married with two children and lives in Istanbul. Membership in professional organizations
American College of Gastroenterology
American Gastroenterology Association
International Association of Surgeons, Gastroenterologist and Oncologist
European Crohn's and Colitis Organization
Turkish Gastroenterology Association (Türk Gastroenteroloji Derneği)
Türk Tıp Derneği
Karaciğer Araştırmaları Derneği
Gastrointestinal Motilite Derneği

Works

Articles
 Mungan Z, Ertan A, Hammer RA, Arimura A: Effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide on rat pancreatic exocrine secretion. Peptides, 12:559-562, (1991). Mungan Z, Ozmen V, Ertan A, Arimura A: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-27 (PACAP-27) inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in conscious rats. Regulatory Peptides, 38:199-206, (1992). Mungan Z, Ozmen V, Ertan A, Coy DH, Baylor LM, Rice JC, Rossowski WJ: Structural requirements for galanin inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in conscious rats: Effect of potent novel rat galanin agonist.Eur J Pharmacol, 214:53-57, (1992). Rossowski WJ, Zacharia S, <mask> Z, Ozmen V, Ertan A, Baylor LM, Jiang NY, Coy DH:Reduced gastric acid inhibitory effect of a pGIP(1-30) NH2 fragment with potent pancreatic amylase inhibitory activity. Regulatory Peptides, 39:9-17, (1992). <mask> Z, Arimura A, Ertan A, Rossowski WJ, Coy DH: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide relaxes rat gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Scan J Gastroenterol, 27:375-380, (1992). Coy DH, <mask> Z, Rossowski WJ, Cheng BL, Lin JT, Mrozinski JE, Jensen RT: Development of a potent bombesin receptor antagonist with prolonged in vivo inhibitory activity on bombesin-stimulated amylase and protein release in the rat. Peptides, 13:775-781, (1992).Sotaniemi EA, <mask> Z, Risteli L, Stenback FG, Ökten A, Yalcın S, Risteli J: Serum type III procollagen and basal membrane antigens in hepatitis B virus liver disease. Eur J Intern Med, 3:131-139, (1992). Rossowski WJ, Zacharia S, Jiang NY, Mungan Z, Mills MR, Ertan A, Coy DH: Galanin; Structure-dependent effect on pancreatic amylase secretion and jejunal strip contraction. Eur J Pharmacol, 240:259-267, (1993). <mask> Z, Hammer RA, Akarca US, Komaki G, Ertan A, Arimura A: Effect of PACAP on gastric acid secretion in rats. Peptides, 16:1051-1056, (1995). Gürel S, Beşışık F, Demir K, Mungan Z, Kaymakoğlu S, Boztaş G, Çakaloğlu Y, Yeğinsü O, Ökten A: After eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection relapse is a serious problem in Turkey.J Clin Gastroenterol, 28:241-244, (1999)
 Demir K, Okten A, Kaymakoglu S, Dinçer D, Beşışık F, Çevikbaş U, Özdil S, Boztaş G, Mungan Z, Çakaloğlu Y: Tuberculous peritonitis- reports of 26 cases, detailing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Eur J Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 13:581-585, (2001)
 Besısık F, Sürücü F, Mungan Z, Dinçer D, Kapran Y, Kaymakoglu S, Çevikbaş U. Helicobacter pylori eredication lowers esophageal sphincter pressures in functional dyspepsia patients. Hepato-Gastroenterology, 48:1772-5 (2001)
 Dinçer D, Besısık F, Sahin E, Demir K, Tuncer I, Cevikbas U, Mungan Z, Boztas G, Ozdil S, Cakaloglu Y, Otken A: Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia: a study from Turkey. Hepato-Gastroenterology, 49:1153-6 (2002)
 Danalioglu A, Kaymakoglu S, Mungan Z, Karaca C, Demir K, Durakoglu Z, Besisik F, Boztas G, Cakaloglu Y, Okten A. Efficacy of cyclosporin in severe ulcerative colitis attack. Turk J Gastroenterol. 13:130-3 (2002)
 Durakoglu Z, Boztas G, Sezgil A, Kaymakoglu S, Dincer D, Ozdil S, Besisik F, Mungan Z, Okten A. Alverine induced toxic hepatitis: a case report. Turk J Gastroenterol.13:226-8, (2002)
 Kaymakoglu S, Kahraman T, Kudat H, Demir K, Cakaloglu Y, Adalet I, Dincer D, Besısık F, Boztas G, Sozen AB, <mask> Z, Okten A. Hepatopulmonary syndrome in noncirrhotic portal hypertensive patients. Dig Dis Sci, 48:556-60 (2003)
 <mask> Z, Akyuz F, Bugra Z, Yonal O, Ozturk S, Acar A, Cevikbas U. A family of visceral myopathy; with pseudo-obstruction, megaduodenum, Barrett's esophagus and cardiac abnormalities. Am J Gastroenterol, 98:2556-60 (2003)
 Ozdil S, Demir K, Boztas G, Danalioglu A, Karaca C, Akyuz F, Aksoy N, Kaymakoglu S, <mask> Z, Besisik F, Cakaloglu Y, Okten A. Crohn's disease; analysis of 105 patients. Hepatogastroenterology. 50 Suppl 2:cclxxxvii-ccxci. (2003)
 Danalioglu A, Kaymakoglu S, Mungan Z, Karaca C, Demir K, Durakoglu Z, Besisik F, Boztas G, Cakaloglu Y, Okyen A. Cyclosporin for severe ulcerative colitis attacks.Hepatogastroenterology. 50 Suppl 2:ccxcviii-ccc. (2003)
 Danalioglu A, Cakaloglu Y, Karaca C, Aksoy N, Akyuz F, Ozdil S, Demir K, Besisik F, Boztas G, <mask> Z, Kaymakoglu S, Okten A. Terlipressin and albumin combination treatment in hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatogastroenterology. 50 Suppl 2:ccciii-cccv. (2003)
 Cetin K, Gungor B, Isik A, Ahmet D, Filiz A, Nevzat A, Sadakat O, Cengiz D, <mask> M. The effect of pneumatic balloon dilatation on gastric emptying in patients with achalasia. Hepatogastroenterology.2003 Dec;50 Suppl 2:ccci-cccii. Ozdil S, Akyüz F, Pinarbaşı B, Demir K, Karaca Ç, Kaymakoğlu S, Mungan Z, Beşışık F, Cakaloğlu Y, Okten A. Ulcerative colitis: analyses of 116 cases (do extraintestinal manifestations effect the time to catch remission?). Hepatogastroenterology, 51:768-70 (2004)
 Karaca Ç, Pınarbaşı B, Danalıoğlu A, Akyüz F, Kaymakoğlu S, Özdil S, Boztaş G, Mungan Z. Liver abscess as a rare complication of Crohn's disease: A case report. Turk J Gastroenterol, 15:45-48, (2004)
 Akbayir N, Alkim C, Erdem L, Sökmen HM, Sungun A, Baş T, Turgut S, Mungan Z. Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus (inlet patch): Endoscopic prevalence, histological and clinical characteristics. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19:891-6 (2004)
 Boztaş G, Mungan Z, Özdil S, Akyüz F, Karaca C, Demir K, Kaymakoglu S, Besısık F, Çakaaloglu Y, Ökten A. Pneumatic balloon dilatation in primary achalasia: The long term following results . Hepatogastroenterology. 52:475-80,(2005)
 Poturoğlu Ş, Mungan Z, Boztaş G, Kaymakoğlu S, Ozdil S, Akyüz F, Aksoy N, Kamaci S, Pınarbaşı B, Çevikbaş U, Ökten A. Peritoneal amyloidosis caused by familial mediterranean fever.J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 20:325-6, (2005)
 Akbayir N, Sokmen HM, Calis AB, Bolukbas C, Erdem L, Alkim C, Sakiz D, Mungan Z. Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus: could this play a role in the pathogenesis of laryngopharyngeal reflux in a subgroup of patients with posterior laryngitis? Scand J Gastroenterol. 40:1149-56 (2005)
 Ibrisim D, Cakaloglu Y, Akyuz F, Karadag A, Ozdil S, Besisik F, Mungan Z, Okten A. Treatment of hepatic hydrothorax with terlipressin in a cirrhotic patient. Scand J Gastroenterol. 41:862-5, (2006)
 Akyuz F, Ibrisim D, Balik E, Yonal O, Kaymakoglu S, Bugra D, <mask> Z. Evaluation of malignancy risk and endoscopic follow up in achalasia: Case report.Turk J Gastroenterol. 17:46-49, (2006)
 Yonal O, Hatırnaz O, Akyuz F, Ozbek U, Demir K, Kaymakoglu S, Otken A, Mungan Z. HFE gene mutation, chronic liver disease, and iron

masks:
Zeynel Mungan
Zeynel Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Mungan
Zeynel
Mungan


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 overload In Turkey. Dig Dis Sci. 52:3298-302 (2007). Akyuz F, Demir K, Ozdil S, Aksoy N, Poturoglu S, Ibrisim D, Kaymakoglu S, Besisik F, Boztas G, Cakaloglu Y, Mungan Z, Cevikbas U. Otken A. The effects of rosiglitazone, metformin, and diet with exercise in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci.52:2359-67, (2007)
 Yonal O, Hatirnaz O, Akyuz F, Koroglu G, Ozbek U, Cefle K, Mungan Z. Definition of C282Y mutation in a hereditary hemochromatosis family from Turkey. Turk J Gastroenterol. 18:53-57 (2007)
 Deglincerti A, De Giorgio R, Cefle K, Devoto M, Pippucci T, Castegnaro G, Panza E, Barbara G, Cogliandro RF, Mungan Z, Palanduz S, Corinaldesi R, Romeo G, Seri M, Stanghellini V. A novel locus for syndromic chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction maps to chromosome 8q23-q24. Eur J Hum Genet. 15:889-97 (2007)
 Demir K, Akyuz F, Ozdil S, Aksoy N, Kaymakoglu S, Poturoglu S, Akyüz U, Besisik F, Boztas G, Mungan Z, Cevikbas U, Cakaloglu Y, Okten A. What is the reason of elevated alanine aminotransferase level in HBeAg negative patients with low viremia: NAFLD or chronic hepatitis?Ann Hepatol. 6:92-6 (2007)
 <mask> Z, Pinarbaşi B, Kaymakoğlu S. Eosinophilic esophagitis: Case report. Turk J Gastroenterol. 18:100-2 (2007)
 Ahishali E, Pinarbasi B, Akyuz F, Ibrisim D, Kaymakoglu S, Mungan Z. A case of Aeromonas hyDROPhyhila enteritis in the course of ulcerative colitis. Eur J Intern Med. 18:430-1 (2007)
 Ahishali E, Boztas A, Akyuz F, Ibrisim D, Poturoglu S, Pinarbasi B, Ozdil S, <mask> Z.Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients with Celiac Disease. Dig Dis Sci. (2007)
 Ermis F, Akyuz F, Demir K, Besisik F, Boztas G, <mask> Z. Rapidly progressive HCV cirrhosis in a hypogammaglobulinemic patient. Intern Med. 47:415-7 (2008)
 Pınarbaşı B, Poturoglu Ş, Yanar H, Güven K, Akyüz F, Dizdaroğlu F, Güllüoğlu M, Taviloğlu K, Kaymakoğlu S, <mask> Z. A rare cause of hemosuccus pancreaticus: Primary splenic artery aneurysm ruptured into pancreatic serous cystadenoma.Turk J Gastroenterol 19:57-63 (2008)
 Mungan Z, Pınarbaşı B, Akyuz F, Bektas H, Akyuz A. Wireless endoscopy capsule remaining safely for a long time. Dig Dis Sci 53:1422-3 (2008)
 Ibrişim D, Cevikbaş U, Akyüz F, Poturoğlu S, Ahishali E, Güllüoğlu M, Demir K, Beşişik F, Boztaş G, Ozdil S, Cakaloğlu Y, Mungan Z, Okten A, Kaymakoğlu S. Intestinal metaplasia in portal hypertensive gastropathy: a frequent pathology. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 20:874-80 (2008)
 Akyuz F, Mungan Z. Diagnostic capability of capsule endoscopy in small bowel diseases. Gastroenterology Research 2:81-5 (2009)
 Pinarbasi B, Kaymakoglu S, Matur Z, Akyuz F, Demir K, Besisik F, Ozdil S, Boztas G, Cakaloglu Y, Mungan Z, Okten A. Are acquired hepatocerebral degeneration and hepatic myelopathy reversible?J Clin Gastroenterol43:176-81 (2009)
 <mask> Z, Pinarbasi B, Bakir B, Gulluoglu M, Baran B, Akyuz F, Demir K, Kaymakoglu S. Congenital portal vein aneurysm associated with peliosis hepatis and intestinal lymphangiectasia. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2009:479264 (2009)
 Poturoglu S, Kaymakoglu S, Gurel Polat N, Ibrisim D, Ahishali E, Akyuz F, Badur S, Demir K, Mungan Z. A new agent for tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibition: In vitro effects of dipyridamole in Crohn's disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 69:696-702 (2009)
 Akyüz F, Arici S, Ermiş F, Mungan Z. Utility of esophageal manometry and pH-metry in gastroesophageal reflux disease before surgery.Turk J Gastroenterol. 20:261-5 (2009)
 Ahishali E, Demir K, Ahishali B, Akyuz F, Pinarbasi B, Poturoglu S, Ibrisim D, Gulluoglu M, Ozdil S, Besisik F, Kaymakoglu S, Boztas G, Cakaloglu Y, Mungan Z, Canberk Y, Okten A. Electron microscopic findings in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is there a difference between hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis? J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25:619-26 (2010)
 Yonal O, Akyuz F, Demir K, Ciftci S, Keskin F, Pinarbasi B, Uyanikoglu A, Issever H, Ozdil S, Boztas G, Besisik F, Kaymakoglu S, Cakaloglu Y, Mungan Z, Okten A. Decreased Prohepcidin Levels in Patients with HBV-Related Liver Disease: Relation with Ferritin Levels. Dig Dis Sci. 55:3548-51(2010)
 Akyuz F, Pinarbasi B, Ermis F, Uyanikoglu A, Demir K, Ozdil S, Besisik F, Kaymakoglu S, Boztas G, Mungan Z.Is portal hypertensive enteropathy an important additional cause of blood loss in portal hypertensive patients? Scand J Gastroenterol. 45:1497-502 (2010)
 Lanas A, Aabakken L, Fonseca J, <mask> Z, Papatheodoridis GV, Piessevaux H, Cipolletta L, Nuevo J, Tafalla M. Clinical predictors of poor outcomes among patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Europa. Aliment Pharnacol Ther. 33:1225-33 (2011)
 Sen F, Pinarbaşi B, Işsever H, Akyüz F, Mungan Z, Kaymakoğlu S. Postprandial platelet-poor plasma 5-hyroxytryptamine concentrations during diarrhea and constipation periods of anternating type irritable bowel syndrome patients. Turk J Gastroenterol 22:270-8 (2011)
 Ermis F, Akyuz F, Uyanıkoglu A, Kurt R, Pinarbasi B, Nazik H, Kaymakoglu S, Mungan Z. Second-line levofloxacin-based triple therapy's efficiency for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer. South Med J 104:579-83 (2011)
 Akyüz F, Cakaloğlu Y, Pinarbaşi B, Demir K, Akyüz U, Ozdil S, Beşişik F, Boztaş G, Mungan Z, Kaymakoğlu S. Anticoagulant therapy and Budd-Chiari syndrome : is it successful ?Hepatogastroenterology 58:900-3 (2011)
 Ermis F, Akyuz F, Arici S, Uyanikoglu A, Pinarbasi B, Demir K, Ozdil S, Besisik F, Kaymakoglu S, Boztas G, Cuhadaroglu C, Mungan Z. Effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: An esophageal impedance-pHmetry study. Hepatogastroenterology 58:110-1 (2011)
 Uyanikoglu A, Akyuz F, Ermis F, Arici S, Bas G, Cakirca M, Baran B, Mungan Z. Does cholecystectomy increase the esophageal alkaline reflux? Evaluation by Impedance-pH technique. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 18:187-93 (2012)
 Ermis F, Akyuz F, Mungan Z.Recurrence of Helicobacter pylori after eradication in patient with peptic ulcer. South Med J. 105:322-3 (2012)
 Uyanıkoglu A, Danalıoğlu A, Akyüz F, Ermiş F, Güllüoğlu M, Kapran Y, Demir K, Özdil S, Beşışık F, Boztaş G, Mungan Z, Kaymakoğlu S. Etiologic factors of duodenal and gastric ulcers. Turk J Gastroenterol 23:99-103 (2012)
 Mungan Z. Prevalence and demographic determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the Turkish general population: A population-based sectional study. Turk J Gastroenterol 23:323-32 (2012)
 Akyuz F, Besisik F, Ustek D, Ekmekçi C, Uyar A, Pınarbasi B, Demir K, Ozdil S, Kaymakoglu S, Boztas G, Mungan Z, Gul A. Association of the MEFV gen variations with inflammatory bowel disease in Turkey.J Clin Gastroenterol Jul 17 (2012)

Book Contributions
 Mungan, Z.: Üst Gastrointestinal sistem kanamaları. Acil Dahiliye, Ed. S.Çalangu-K.Güler, 4.Baskı, İstanbul 1995, s:315-334, 5.Baskı 1997, 6.Baskı 2002
 <mask>, Z : Tükrük salgısı bozuklukları (s:1139-41), Disfaji (s:1141-52), Dispepsi (s:1217-42), Hematemez, Melena ve hematokezi (s:1243-66), Karında gaz (s:1267-75). Semptomdan Teşhise. Ed. V.Aleksanyan, 10.Baskı, İstanbul 2000
 Mungan, Z.: Özofagus Hastalıkları (s:1-36), Üst Gastrointestinal Sistem Kanamaları (s: 75-88), İrritabl Barsak Sendromu (s: 243-250), Divertikülozis Koli (s: 251-254), Pnömotozis Sistoides İntestinalis (s:255-256). Gastroenterohepatoloji.Ed. A.Ökten, İstanbul 2001
 <mask>, Z : Gastroözofageal Reflü Hastalığında Tanı. Aktüel Gastroenteroloji ve Hepatoloji, Ed E.Göksoy, İstanbul 2001, s:3-9, 2.baskı 2003
 <mask>, Z: Non-kardiak göğüs ağrısı. (s: 73-75). Klinik Gastroenteroloji. Ed. F.Memik, Nobel, İstanbul 2005
 Mungan, Z: Asit gelişimine neden olan periton hastalıkları (s:137-154).Klinik Pratikte Asitli Hasta Ed. A. Ökten. İstanbul. 2005
 Mungan, Z: Gastroenteropankreatik hormon ve peptidler (s:1-16), Gastrinoma (s:69-76). GEP NET gastroenteropankreatik nöroendokrin tümörler. Ed. Y.Çakaloğlu.İstanbul. 2006
 Mungan, Z: Gastrointestinal sistem hastalıklarına yaklaşım (s:785-794), Özofagus hastalıkları (s:795-814). İç Hastalıkları. Ed. K.Büyüköztürk. Istanbul 2007
 Demir K, Mungan Z: Periton, mezenter, omentum ve diafragma hastalıkları (s:927-940). İç Hastalıkları.Ed. K.Büyüköztürk. Istanbul 2007
 Mungan Z: Gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı (s:60-77), Proton pompası inhibitörleri (s.104-113). Gastroenteroloji. Ed.Z.Mungan, Istanbul 2010

References

External links
 İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi
 American Hospital Istanbul
 Zeynel Mungan
 The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology

Living people
1952 births
Turkish

masks: Mungan Mungan Mungan Mungan Mungan Mungan Mungan Mungan Mungan


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<mask> ASC (; June 16, 1930 – January 1, 2016) was a Hungarian-American cinematographer. His work in cinematography helped shape the look of American movies in the 1970s, making him one of the leading figures in the American New Wave movement. Over his career he became associated with many leading American directors, such as Robert Altman, Steven Spielberg, Brian De Palma, Michael Cimino and Woody Allen. He is best known for his work on the films Close Encounters of the Third Kind and The Deer Hunter. He won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on Close Encounters of the Third Kind as well as the BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography for The Deer Hunter. He also won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Cinematography for a Miniseries or a Special for the HBO miniseries Stalin. His work on the films McCabe and Mrs. Miller, Close Encounters of the Third Kind and The Deer Hunter made the American Society of Cinematographers (ASC) list of the top 50 best-shot films from 1950–97.The ASC also awarded him with their Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998. In 2003, Zsigmond was voted as one of the ten most influential cinematographers in history by the members of the International Cinematographers Guild. Life and career
<mask> was born in Szeged, Hungary, the son of Bozena (née Illichman), an administrator, and <mask> <mask>, a celebrated soccer player and coach. He became interested in photography at age 17 after an uncle had given him The Art of Light, a book of black-and-white photographs taken by Hungarian photographer Eugene Dulovits, but under the Soviet-imposed government of the Hungarian People's Republic he was not allowed to study the subject because his family was considered bourgeois. Instead, <mask> worked in a factory, bought a camera and taught himself how to take pictures, going on to organize a camera club for the workers. As a result he won the respect of local commissars and was allowed to study cinema at the Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest and received an MA in cinematography. He worked for five years in a Budapest feature film studio becoming "director of photography."<mask>, along with his friend and fellow student László Kovács, borrowed a 35-millimeter camera from their school and chronicled the events of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution in Budapest by hiding the camera in a shopping bag and shooting footage through a hole they had cut in the bag. The two men shot thirty thousand feet of film and escaped to Austria shortly afterwards. In 1958 <mask> and Kovács arrived in the United States as political refugees and sold the footage to CBS for a network documentary on the revolution narrated by Walter Cronkite. In 1962, <mask> became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He settled in Los Angeles and worked in photo labs as a technician and photographer. The first film he worked on in the United States was the 1963 black-and-white exploitation film The Sadist, starring Arch Hall Jr.. Throughout the 1960s, he worked on many low-budget independent and educational films as he attempted to break into the film industry.Some of the films that he worked on during this period credited him as "<mask>", including The Sadist, the classic horror B movie The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies, and the Second City satirical science fiction movie The Monitors. Kovács, who shot the 1969 film Easy Rider for Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper, recommended <mask> to Fonda for his 1971 Western film The Hired Hand. Later that same year <mask> was hired by Robert Altman for his revisionist western  film McCabe & Mrs. Miller, which became <mask>'s breakthrough film and marked his first time working on a major Hollywood production. Over the following decade, <mask> became one of the most in-demand cinematographers in Hollywood. Some of the major films he shot in the 1970s include John Boorman's Deliverance, Altman's The Long Goodbye, Brian De Palma's Obsession as well as Steven Spielberg's  The Sugarland Express and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, the latter of which won him the Academy Award for Best Cinematography at the 50th Academy Awards. In 1978, <mask> worked on Michael Cimino’s drama The Deer Hunter, starring Robert DeNiro, Meryl Streep and Christopher Walken. <mask>'s visual work on the film earned him the 1980 BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography and another Academy Award nomination.<mask> again worked with Cimino on his 1980 epic Western Heaven's Gate. <mask> continued to be in demand in the years that followed, working multiple times with several directors. He again worked with De Palma on his films Blow Out, The Bonfire of the Vanities, and The Black Dahlia. He worked with Mark Rydell on Cinderella Liberty, The Rose, The River, and Intersection. He worked with George Miller on The Witches of Eastwick and with Kevin Smith on Jersey Girl. He also worked with Woody Allen on Melinda and Melinda, Cassandra's Dream, and You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger. <mask>'s television work includes the HBO miniseries Stalin, for which he won the 1993 Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Cinematography for a Miniseries or a Special.He was nominated for an Emmy for his work on 2001 miniseries The Mists of Avalon. <mask> also shot 24 episodes of The Mindy Project between 2012 and 2014. <mask>' life and career was featured in No Subtitles Necessary: Laszlo & Vilmos, a bio-documentary that aired on PBS's Independent Lens in 2009. In 2011 <mask> co-founded the Global Cinematography Institute in Los Angeles, California along with fellow cinematographer Yuri Neyman. The Institute provides an advanced cinematography educational program for postgraduate students and veteran filmmakers. He was a longtime user and endorser of Tiffen filters and is associated with the technique known as flashing or pre-fogging, which involves carefully exposing the film negative to a small, controlled amount of light in order to create a muted color palette. Death
On January 1, 2016, <mask> died at his home in Big Sur, California at age 85.

masks:
Vilmos Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Vilmos
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
William Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
Zsigmond
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Vilmos
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Sir <mask> (13 October 1863 – 14 April 1928) was a British Liberal politician, self-made businessman and public servant. Family and education
<mask> was the son of <mask>, a native of the county of Devon who struggled to make a living as a house-painter. The family moved to Kent. There is conflicting evidence about <mask>'s place of birth which is given as Devon in his obituary in The Times   but is stated to be London in a source provided by the <mask> family. He was educated at Marner Street and High Street Schools, Bromley. In 1886, he married Mary Ann Brown. They had one son.Mary Ann <mask> died in 1911 and <mask> was married again that same year to Florence Jane Stevens from Poplar, London. In religion Yeo was a strong Nonconformist and a supporter of the National Brotherhood Federation. Career
By the end of his career, Yeo could be described as wealthy and a self-made man but he started at the very bottom. After schooling, Yeo found work in an iron foundry. He told one of the London newspapers that at the age of eleven he had had to work for 84 hours a week, or 14 hours a day, for six days a week. He later worked for thirty years in business in the music trade  dealing in musical instruments, notably pianos. Local government service
Yeo immersed himself in local administration in Poplar over many years.He served as a member of Vestry, an early form of local government in London. He was later a member of the Board of Works and for nine years served as Progressive Party member for Limehouse on the London County Council. He was an elected member of the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar for 25 years. He served as a member of Poplar Board of Guardians, the body charged with administering the English Poor Laws for ten years, for six years of which he was Chairman. He also worked in other areas of social and unemployment relief being for ten years Chairman of the Poplar Distress Committee, a body set up under the Unemployed Workmen Act of 1905 to provide grants to create jobs. In 1903–04, <mask> was elected Mayor of Poplar. Parliament

Poplar
In February 1914, the Liberal MP for Poplar, Sydney Buxton was appointed Governor-General of South Africa and stood down from the House of Commons.For the subsequent by-election on 19 February, <mask> was selected as Liberal candidate  and held the seat in a tight contest against the Conservative challenge, albeit by a small and much reduced majority. The Unionist candidate's performance was clearly given a boost by the Conservative victory in nearby Bethnal  Green South West a by-election which had been caused by the resignation of Charles Masterman to become Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and the result of which had declared the day before. A further reason for the small majority may have been what was reported to have been splits and disagreements in the local Liberal party with some elements having supported Sir Victor Horsley, the scientist and surgeon, as potential candidate over Yeo. 1918
There were boundary changes affecting <mask>'s constituency for the 1918 general election and Yeo was chosen to fight the new seat of South Poplar. He contested the seat as a Coalition Liberal, having presumably been granted the Coalition coupon. He was opposed by Labour  and by a candidate from the National Federation of Discharged and Demobilized Sailors and Soldiers, although this candidate, Captain Wilfrid Allen, is also described in other sources as a Conservative. Along with John Ward, Yeo was a vocal critic of the mui-tsai system, a form of Chinese child slavery then prevalent in colonial Hong Kong.<mask> held the seat with nearly 50% of the poll. At the 1922 general election, <mask> fought South Poplar as a National Liberal  supporting outgoing prime minister David Lloyd George. In a straight fight with Labour's Samuel March however he lost the seat by the wide margin of 4,338 votes. 1923-28
Yeo tried to get back into Parliament at the 1923 general election when he stood for the reunified Liberal Party at the Northamptonshire seat of Kettering but he came bottom of the poll in a three-cornered contest. He did not stand for Parliament again but at the time of his death he was Liberal candidate for Romford in Essex. Other appointments
<mask> took a strong interest in education being chairman for over 20 years under the auspices of the London School Board of local schools in St Leonard's Road, Hay Currie, and Bromley Hall Road Groups. He also served as Chairman of Lord Buxton’s Committee dealing with distress during the transport workers’ dispute of 1912  and as Chairman of the London County Council Mental Hospital at Claybury.He played a part in getting the government to bring in a Bill to prevent increase of rents during War and six months thereafter and to bring in regulations for Tribunals dealing with one-man businesses to protect the livelihoods of self-employed men who were being conscripted. <mask> was also appointed as a Justice of the Peace and  served for a while as Vice-Chairman of the Tower Bench. Yeo also supported a campaign led by the Duchess of Hamilton for slaughterhouse reform and spoke at a number of public meetings to demand an end to what were described as cruel methods of slaughtering animals for food and calling for the compulsory introduction of mechanically operated humane-killers. Asked to recall his proudest moment in government or public service, Sir <mask> said this had been when the old age pension was raised from 7/6d to ten shillings largely as a consequence of his efforts. Honours
Yeo was knighted for public service in the New Year's Honours List of 1918. Publications
Yeo authored a number of political pamphlets including pamphlets, Trade After the War; On Character and The Cross and the Crossways. Death
Yeo was taken ill in December 1927, suffering from what was described as a nervous breakdown.His condition deteriorated over the following months and he died at his home at Westcliff-on-Sea on 14 April 1928. References

External links

1863 births
1928 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1910–1918
UK MPs 1918–1922
Knights Bachelor
Members of London County Council
Mayors of places in Greater London
Members of Poplar Metropolitan Borough Council
National Liberal Party (UK, 1922) politicians

masks:
Alfred William Yeo
Alfred William Yeo
George Yeo
Alfred
Yeo
Yeo
Alfred
Yeo
Yeo
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Alfred


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<mask> (born November 20, 1977) is an American country and gospel singer and actor. In 2003, he signed to MCA Nashville Records. That same year, his debut album's title track, "Long Black Train", was his breakthrough single release. His second album, Your Man (2006) accounted for his first two number-one hits: "Your Man" and "Would You Go with Me", while 2007's Everything Is Fine included a No. 2 in "Firecracker". Haywire, released in 2010, produced his biggest hit, the four week No. 1 "Why Don't We Just Dance" and another number one in "All Over Me".It was followed by Punching Bag (2012), whose lead-off single "Time Is Love" was the biggest country hit of 2012 according to Billboard Year-End. Early life
<mask> was born in Hannah, South Carolina. Growing up in the church, he founded a gospel quartet called Thankful Hearts, where he sang bass, in addition to singing the bass and baritone parts in choirs. In 1996, <mask> developed a lesion on his right vocal cord. <mask> was examined by the Vanderbilt voice clinic, where doctors advised him to let it heal on its own. Surgery was not needed, but he did have to rest his voice for a year. While <mask> rested his voice back at home, he learned classical vocal technique and how to take care of his voice and avoid developing further problems.<mask> states that he "learned how to whistle really well during that year." After Hannah-Pamplico High School, he spent some time at Francis Marion University before moving to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue a career in music and enrolled in Belmont University. After college, his fledgling career got a boost on Dec. 21, 2001, during his debut on the Grand Ole Opry, when he debuted a song he wrote titled "Long Black Train". He received a standing ovation in the middle of the song, then sang it again for an encore. Career

2001–2004: Long Black Train
On December 21, 2001, <mask> debuted on the Grand Ole Opry with the song "Long Black Train". In 2003, <mask> released his debut album, also entitled Long Black Train. Prior to its release, <mask> had released 7" vinyl singles of "She'll Go on You" and "Long Black Train".Both singles featured Long Black Train album track "Backwoods Boy" as a B-side. While neither "Backwoods Boy" nor "She'll Go on You" were successful (the latter peaking at No. 46 on the country charts), "Long Black Train" spent more than forty weeks on the Billboard country charts, reaching a peak of No. 13 and receiving a gold certification. The third single, "What It Ain't", was less successful, reaching No. 31. 2005–2006: Your Man
In early 2006, <mask> released his second album, Your Man.The album's first single and title track, "Your Man", was written by Jace Everett, Chris DuBois and Chris Stapleton and released in late 2005. "Your Man" also climbed the charts slowly, eventually reaching No. 1 in early 2006. Your Man was certified Gold by the RIAA four weeks after its release, and went Platinum six months later. "Would You Go with Me" was the second single released from Your Man. Like the album's title track, "Would You Go with Me" also reached the top of the country singles charts, holding that position for two weeks; it also reached No. 48 on the  Billboard Hot 100.<mask> also performed it on the CMA Awards in November 2006. Shortly after the album's release, a song called "Me and God" was released as a single to Christian radio. A duet with bluegrass musician Ralph Stanley, the song also featured members of the band Diamond Rio on background vocals. "Me and God" reached a peak of No. 16 on the country charts. In December 2006, the 49th Annual Grammy Award nominations were announced. <mask> received nods for Best Male Country Vocal Performance and for Best Country Album.That same month, a featurette on CMT Insider showed <mask> in the studio working on the album. He mentioned that he wanted it to sound like music in the 18th and 19th centuries. <mask> performed at the Ryman Auditorium where a live album was recorded, singing a song called, "Church in the Holler". <mask>'s album <mask>: Live At The Ryman was recorded in April and is available exclusively through Cracker Barrel restaurants. <mask>, along with veteran songwriters Brett James and Don Schlitz, wrote a song entitled "Say Yes"; recorded and released by singer Dusty Drake in 2007, the song was a minor Top 40 country hit for Drake, peaking at No. 36. 2007–2011: Everything Is Fine and Haywire
On September 29, 2007, while giving an award to Roy Clark on Clark's 20th anniversary on the Grand Ole Opry, <mask> was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry.He was inducted by Vince Gill on October 27, 2007. He is the second youngest member after Carrie Underwood. <mask>'s third studio album for MCA Nashville, titled Everything Is Fine, was released on October 30, 2007. Its lead-off single, "Firecracker", became <mask>'s third Top Ten hit on the country music charts, peaking at No. 2. The second single from Everything Is Fine, a duet with Trisha Yearwood entitled "Another Try", was released in late January 2008, peaking at No. 15.The title track was released as the third single and peaked at No. 20. Everything Is Fine has been certified gold. At the end of June, <mask> wrapped up recording his fourth album, Haywire. The lead-off single, "Why Don't We Just Dance", which was released on August 12, 2009, debuted at No. 57 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of September 5, 2009.The song went on to become <mask>'s third Number One hit, spending four consecutive weeks at the top in February 2010. The album was released on February 9, 2010, along with a deluxe version. "All Over Me" was released in April 2010 as the album's second single; it became <mask>'s fourth Number One. On September 27, 2010, <mask> shot the video for "I Wouldn't Be a Man" in Nashville, which was the third single from Haywire. "Haywire" is now certified gold. 2012–2017: Punching Bag and Deep South

<mask>'s fifth studio album, Punching Bag, was released via MCA Nashville on June 12, 2012, and preceded by the single "Time Is Love". The song, written by Tom Shapiro, Tony Martin, and Mark Nesler, was released digitally on December 20, 2011, and went for radio adds on January 9.The song reached No. 2 but finished the year as the No. 1 country song of 2012 according to Billboard. The album's second single "Find Me a Baby", was released to country radio on October 15, 2012, but it failed to make top 40 on the country charts. Also in 2012, <mask> released Live Across America with twelve of his songs recorded in concert in different cities. This album was distributed through Cracker Barrel. <mask> said, "Those are the most magical performances of each song."The lead single from <mask>'s upcoming sixth studio album, "Lay Low", was released to country radio on September 1, 2014. It reached a peak of No. 25 on Country Airplay, at which it remained stalled at for several weeks. The single did not perform as expected on the charts, so <mask>'s label decided to delay the release of the album and next single. The second single, "Hometown Girl", was released to radio on May 31, 2016. At <mask>'s show in Reading, PA on November 5, 2016, he announced that his new album would be released sometime in March 2017. The album, titled "Deep South", was released on March 10, 2017, preceded by two sneak preview songs, "Deep South" and "Where the Girls Are" released on February 23, 2017."Deep South" scored <mask> his third No. 1 album on the US Top Country Album's Chart upon its release. <mask>'s second single "Hometown Girl" from "Deep South" peaked at No. 2 on Billboard's Country Airplay Chart and peaked at No. 1 on the Mediabase chart, which makes it <mask>'s 5th No. 1 single.
. <mask>'s third single "All About You," written by Craig Wiseman and Justin Weaver, was released on May 15, 2017. 2018–present: I Serve a Savior
After the release of Deep South, <mask> began work on a project of gospel music.Titled I Serve a Savior, his seventh studio album was issued on October 26, 2018. It consists of a collection of mostly gospel standards with a few original songs, including its title track that <mask> co-wrote. The album also features appearances by Sonya Isaacs, Bobby Osborne, and <mask>'s own family (who sing and play instruments on a track penned by his wife and oldest son), and new live renditions of both "Long Black Train" and "Me and God." Acting
<mask> played George Beverly Shea in the 2008 film Billy: The Early Years, about the evangelist Billy Graham. Shea was the soloist for the Billy Graham Crusades. Personal life
<mask> has one brother and one sister. He is a devout Christian.About that he says, "I don't believe God wants me to be a gospel singer, he just wants me to be a Christian singer. That's who I am, a Christian." He married his wife Jennifer Ford in 2003. They met at Belmont University, where they both attended school at the time. Jennifer travels with <mask> when he's on tour, playing keyboards and singing background vocals. They have four sons, Hampton, Colby, Crawford (called Marion), and Samuel (called Hawke). On September 19, 2019, a tour bus carrying <mask>'s road crew crashed in California, killing one and injuring seven others, according to the California Highway Patrol.<mask> was not on the bus. Discography

Studio albums
 Long Black Train (2003)
 Your Man (2006)
 Everything Is Fine (2007)
 Haywire (2010)
 Punching Bag (2012)
 Deep South (2017)
 I Serve a Savior (2018)
 Country State of Mind (2020)
 King Size Manger (2021)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Official <mask> page at Universal Music Group Nashville
 <mask> Interview at CountryMusicPride.com

1977 births
American bass-baritones
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Belmont University alumni
Country musicians from South Carolina
Francis Marion University alumni
Grand Ole Opry members
Living people
MCA Records artists
People from Florence, South Carolina
21st-century American singers
21st-century American male singers
Singer-songwriters from South Carolina

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