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Jannetje Johanna (Jo<mask> (16 September 1920 – 17 April 1945) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. She became known as 'the girl with the red hair' (, ). Her secret name in the resistance movement was "Hannie". Early life and education

<mask> was born in Haarlem, the capital of the  Province of North Holland. Her mother, <mask> (born Vrijer) was a Mennonite and her father, <mask> was attached to the Social Democratic Workers' Party; the two were very protective of <mask> because of the death due to diphtheria of her older sister Anna in 1927. From a young age, <mask> discussed politics and social justice with her family, which encouraged her to pursue law and become a human rights lawyer. During her law studies at the Universiteit van Amsterdam, which she started in 1938, she became friends with the Jewish students Sonja Frenk and Philine Polak .This made her feel strongly about actions against Jews. With the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II, in 1943, university students were required to sign a declaration of allegiance to the occupation authorities. When <mask> refused to sign the petition in support of the occupation forces, like 80% of the other students, she could not continue her studies and in the summer of 1943 she moved in with her parents again, taking Frenk and Polak with her who went into hiding. Resistance work

<mask>'s resistance work started with small acts. First, she would steal ID cards for Jewish residents (including her friends). Upon leaving university, she joined the  or "Council of Resistance", a resistance movement that had close ties to the Communist Party of the Netherlands. Rather than act as a courier, <mask> wanted to work with weapons.She was responsible for sabotaging and assassinating various targets. She carried out attacks on Germans, Dutch Nazis, collaborators and traitors. She learned to speak German fluently and became involved with German soldiers. <mask> did not, however, accept every assignment. When asked to kidnap the children of a Nazi official she refused. If the plan had failed, the children would have to be killed, and <mask> felt that was too similar to the Nazis' acts of terror. When seen at the location of a particular assassination, <mask> was identified as "the girl with the red hair".Her involvement led "the girl with the red hair" to be placed on the Nazis' most-wanted list. On 21 June 1944 <mask> and Jan Bonekamp, a friend in the resistance, carried out an assassination in Zaandam on Dutch police officer and collaborator Willem Ragut. <mask> fired first and hit Ragut in the back. Bonekamp was shot in the stomach by Ragut before killing him. Mortally wounded Bonekamp fled the scene but was arrested shortly afterwards and taken to hospital. There he inadvertently gave <mask>'s name and address to Dutch Nazi nurses feigning to be Resistance workers. To force <mask> to confess, German authorities arrested her parents and sent them to the Vught concentration camp.The distress of this situation and her grief over Bonekamp's death forced <mask> to cease resistance work temporarily. Her parents were released after two months. Upon recovery, <mask> dyed her hair black and wore glasses to hide her identity and returned to Resistance work. She once again contributed to assassinations and sabotage, as well as courier work, and the transportation of illegal weapons and the dissemination of illegal newspapers. Death

She was eventually arrested at a military checkpoint in Haarlem on 21 March 1945 while distributing the illegal communist newspaper de Waarheid (literally 'The Truth'), which was a cover story. She was transporting secret documentation for the Resistance. She worked closely with Anna A.C. Wijnhoff.She was brought to a prison in Amsterdam. After much interrogation, torture, and solitary confinement, <mask> was identified by the roots of her red hair by her former colleague Anna Wijnhoff. <mask> was executed by Dutch Nazi officials on 17 April 1945. Although at the end of the war there was an agreement between the occupier and the Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten ('Dutch resistance') to stop executions, she was shot dead three weeks before the end of the war in the dunes of Overveen, near Bloemendaal. Two men took her there and one shot her at close range, only wounding her. She is said to have told her executioners: Ik schiet beter "I shoot better! ", after which the other man delivered the final shot.On 27 November 1945, <mask> was reburied in a state funeral at the Dutch Honorary Cemetery Bloemendaal. Members of the Dutch government and  royal family attended, including Queen Wilhelmina who called <mask> "the symbol of the Resistance". Legacy

After the war, the remains of 422 members of the resistance were found in the Bloemendaal dunes, 421 men and one woman, <mask> <mask>. She was reburied at the honorary cemetery Erebegraafplaats Bloemendaal in the dunes in Overveen in the presence of Princess Juliana and her husband Prince Bernard. Later, as queen, Juliana unveiled a bronze commemorative statue in the Kenau Park in nearby Haarlem, her birthplace. <mask> was one of 95 people to receive the Dutch Cross of Resistance and General Eisenhower awarded her a decoration, possibly the Medal of Freedom. Because the Dutch communist party celebrated her as an icon, her popularity decreased, to the point that the commemoration at <mask>'s grave was forbidden in 1951.The commemorators (who were estimated to number over 10,000) were stopped by several hundred police and military with the aid of four tanks. A group of seven managed to circumvent the blockade and reached the burial ground, but were arrested when they tolled the bell. From the next year on, the communists decided to prevent another such scene by holding their commemoration in Haarlem instead. A number of schools and streets were named after her. For her, and other resistance-heroines, a foundation has been created; the National Hannie Schaft Foundation (). A number of books and movies have been made about her. She features in The Assault (De Aanslag, 1982) by Harry Mulisch, also released as a movie directed by Fons Rademakers.Ineke Verdoner wrote a song about her. Author Theun de Vries wrote a biography of her life, which has inspired the movie The Girl with the Red Hair (Het Meisje met het Rode Haar, 1981) by Ben Verbong featuring Renée Soutendijk as <mask> <mask>. She is remembered each year in November during a national event held in Haarlem. In the early 1990s, thanks to the Hannie Schaft Memorial Foundation, commemorations were once again permitted. The last Sunday of each November in the Netherlands is a day of remembrance for <mask>'s life and work. See also
 Freddie Oversteegen
 Truus Menger-Oversteegen

References

External links

 National Hannie Schaft Foundation (Dutch)

1920 births
1945 deaths
Dutch communists
Dutch resistance members
People from Haarlem
Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
Executed Dutch women
History of Haarlem
Executed Dutch people
People executed by Germany by firing squad
Dutch people executed by Nazi Germany
Deaths by firearm in the Netherlands
Dutch people of World War II
Female resistance members of World War II
Recipients of the Dutch Cross of Resistance
Dutch Righteous Among the Nations
Dutch civilians killed in World War II

masks:
) Schaft
Hannie Schaft
Aafje Talea Schaft
Pieter Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Schaft
Hannie
Schaft
Schaft
Hannie
Hannie
Schaft
Schaft


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<mask><mask> (July 23, 1915 - January 31, 2003) was an American actor best known for working with Cecil B. DeMille on several films as a young man, including a supporting role in This Day and Age (1933). He also served in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II, and assisted Justice Robert H. Jackson as an interrogator in connection with the prosecution of Nazi war criminals at the Nuremberg Trials. Early life
<mask> was born in Colorado in 1915 to William L. and <mask>. <mask> was the Maytag Corporation representative in Denver. The family later moved to Los Angeles, California, where <mask> founded the Maytag West Company, which later became a subsidiary of the Maytag Corporation. <mask>'s mother died when he was quite young and he was later adopted by his father's second wife, Lois. He attended John Burroughs Middle School and Los Angeles High School, where he placed first in the citywide Shakespeare Competition in 1932, and was the winner of the Herald Oratorical Contest in 1933.He then attended the University of California, Los Angeles, where he was the national forensic debate champion, graduating with an A.B. in Political Science. After graduating from Stanford Law School, he embarked on a national speaking tour with Helen Gahagan Douglas, the wife of actor Melvyn Douglas. Gahagan Douglas was elected to the United States House of Representatives from California's 14th congressional district as a liberal Democrat in 1944, and served three full terms. In 1950, Gahagan Douglas ran for the United States Senate against Republican U.S. Representative Richard M. Nixon. In the race against Nixon, Gahagan Douglas coined a nickname for Nixon which became one of the most recognized in American politics: "Tricky Dick". Acting and Film Career
<mask> acted in numerous Shakespeare stage productions during his years at Los Angeles High School, UCLA and Stanford Law School.<mask> also worked with Cecil B. DeMille on several films, including This Day and Age (1933), where he played the part of the student body president (at the time, <mask> was senior class president at Los Angeles High School). In his book Cecil B. DeMille's Hollywood, author Robert S. Birchard relates how DeMille wasn't sure screenwriter Bartlett Cormack's script had a sense of current slang, so he asked high school student <mask> to read the script and comment. Today we often laugh at the "Gee, that's swell" dialogue of early 1930s films but, according to <mask> at least, this was the way he and his fellow students talked. He wrote DeMille that the majority of the dialogue in Cormack's script was "really not typical of high school students. [It] Should be interspersed with a few exclamations like, 'heck' — 'gosh' — 'gee,' etc" <mask> also suggested that in Steve's speech about the murdered tailor the writer add: "Gosh, he was swell to us fellows." While attending high school and college <mask> was asked to review additional scripts, and helped out backstage on other films by DeMille, along with his close friend and classmate Buck Houghton. Service in World War II
<mask> was commissioned as an officer in the United States Army in 1942.He was recruited into the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) by Maj. Gen. William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan, a New York antitrust attorney before the war, who founded the OSS. In July 1942 Donovan obtained the approval of General George C. Marshall, the Army's chief of staff, to form units of bilingual volunteers that would organize and supply guerrilla bands, gather intelligence, and carry out commando operations behind enemy lines. These men formed cells, each containing two sections of two officers and thirteen enlisted men, although the actual size of the teams in the field would vary greatly. Primarily infantrymen and demolitions experts, they also contained medical technicians and radio operators. <mask> parachuted behind enemy lines into Czechoslovakia, and later received an award from the Czechoslovakian Government in exile for his services in capturing a Nazi gauleiter in that country. Nuremberg War Trials
One source identifies <mask> as the chief attorney for Justice Robert H. Jackson during the Nuremberg Trials.Another source states that <mask> aided Justice Jackson. Jackson had several assistants at the Nuremberg Trials, including Colonel Telford Taylor, who was the U.S. prosecutor in the High Command case. The  indictment in this case called for the General Staff of the Army and the High Command of the German Armed Forces to be considered criminal organizations; the witnesses were several of the surviving German Field Marshals and their staff officers. Captain <mask> conducted interrogations, including that of Colonel of the Luftwaffe Bernd von Brauchitsch, who served on the staff of Reich Marshal Hermann Göring. Justice Jackson referred to <mask>'s interrogation during the cross examination of Colonel von Brauchitsch. Colonel von Brauchitsch was interrogated by <mask> about the deaths of 50 Allied Air Force officers who were supposedly shot trying to escape. This incident was portrayed in the film The Great Escape (1963), an American film starring Steve McQueen about an escape by Allied prisoners of war from a German POW camp during World War II.The film was based on the book The Great Escape by Paul Brickhill, which is a novelization of the true story of a mass escape from Stalag Luft III. When Justice Jackson resigned his position as prosecutor after the first (and only) trial before the IMT and returned to the U.S., Colonel Telford Taylor was promoted to Brigadier General and succeeded him on October 17, 1946, as Chief Counsel for the remaining twelve trials before the U.S. Nuremberg Military Tribunals. In these trials at Nuremberg, 163 of the 200 defendants who were tried were found guilty in some or all of the charges of the indictments. It is not known if Captain <mask> assisted Taylor during these trials. When World War II came to an end the Allies competed for access to top Nazis. SS General Walter Schellenberg was one of the most important (General Schellenberg was Adolf Hitler's last Chief of Foreign Intelligence). The British took Schellenberg into custody before the Americans or Russians could reach him.Captain <mask> was one of the few Americans allowed to interrogate General Schellenberg. Law career
<mask> returned to Los Angeles by 1947, where he was a founding member and director of the Los Angeles High School Alumni Association. <mask> was a founding member of two prominent Los Angeles law firms where he practiced business law for five decades. During 1951, at the age of 19, jockey Bill Shoemaker was making so much money (as much as $2,500 each week) that the Los Angeles Superior Court appointed <mask> as his guardian, with the consent of Shoemaker's parents. One of <mask>'s law partners was Charles Older, who was appointed to the bench of the Los Angeles Superior Court in 1967 and presided over the Charles Manson murder trial. <mask> also served on various professional, corporate and civic boards. They included the Maytag Corporation of Newton, Iowa, the Chart House restaurant chain, and the Boy Scouts of America.At age 70, <mask> suffered an almost complete loss of vision while hiking in the Himalayas. He became active in the San Diego Center for the Blind, eventually serving as Chairman of the Board. References

1915 births
2003 deaths
Male actors from Colorado
American male film actors
People from Greater Los Angeles
Stanford Law School alumni
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
People of the Office of Strategic Services
20th-century American lawyers
Male actors from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors

masks:
Horace L
. Hahn
Hahn
Masie Hahn
William Hahn
William Hahn
Horace
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn
Hahn


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<mask> (born 23 February 1928) is a retired Formula One and sports car racing driver from Stuttgart, Germany. In F1, he participated in 19 World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 2 August 1953. He achieved 1 podium, and scored a total of 10 championship points. In sports car racing, he also scored the first overall win at the 24 Hours of Le Mans for Porsche in 1970, in a Porsche 917. Early career
The racing career of <mask>, who is a baker by trade, spans from cooperation with pre-war legends like Alfred Neubauer to the beginning of the dominance of Porsche at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. He took part in now legendary road races like Mille Miglia, Targa Florio and Carrera Panamericana and is one of the few remaining witnesses of this era. <mask> (lucky John) escaped from several spectacular incidents or accidents.Herrmann had a remarkable Mille Miglia race in 1954, when the gates of a railroad crossing were lowered in the last moment before the fast train to Rome passed. Driving a very low Porsche 550 Spyder, Herrmann decided it was too late for a brake attempt anyway, knocked on the back of the helmet of his navigator Herbert Linge to make him duck, and they barely passed below the gates and before the train, to the surprise of the spectators. Mercedes-Benz
From 1954 to 1955, he was part of the Mercedes-Benz factory team, as a junior driver behind Juan Manuel Fangio, Karl Kling, Hermann Lang and later Stirling Moss. When the Silver Arrows came back for the 1954 French Grand Prix to score a 1–2 win, <mask> drove the fastest lap but had to retire. A podium finish at the 1954 Swiss Grand Prix was his best result in that year as he had to use older versions of the Mercedes-Benz W196, or the least reliable car. In the 1955 Argentine Grand Prix his teammates Kling and Moss had to abandon early due to the extremely hot conditions on the southern hemisphere in January. <mask> was called in to share his car with them for a 4th-place finish, giving one point each.Fangio won with two laps more. <mask> was quick in the 1955 Mille Miglia with the Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR, comparably or even faster than Moss, but was less lucky than in 1954, as he had to abandon the race. A crash in practice for the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix put Herrmann out for the ill-fated 1955 season, even though a comeback in the Targa Florio was intended. Various marques
The next years saw <mask> racing for many marques, in F1 for Cooper, Maserati and BRM. In Berlin's AVUS during the 1959 German Grand Prix the brakes of his BRM failed, he crashed in a spectacular way, being thrown out of the car and sliding along the track with the car somersaulting in the air. With different versions of the Porsche 718 being used as a sportscar and as a Formula Two car, Herrmann scored some wins for Porsche, mainly both the 1960 12 Hours of Sebring and Targa Florio. When the open wheeled single seater version of the Porsche 718 became eligible for Formula One in 1961 due to the rule changes, the results in F1 were disappointing.<mask> finished 15th (last) in the 1961 Dutch Grand Prix, which was the first ever F1 World Championship race to have no retirements. He left Porsche at the beginning of the 1962 season feeling that he as a local from Stuttgart was No Prophet In His Own Land compared to Californian Dan Gurney and Jo Bonnier from Sweden. Gurney scored two F1 wins (one non-championship) with the new Porsche 804, but Porsche retired from F1 anyway at the end of 1962. Abarth
With the small cars of the Italian Abarth marque <mask> spent 1962 to 1965 driving in minor races and hillclimbing events. He only took outright wins in lesser sports car racing events, such as at AVUS or the 500 km Nürburgring. The Abarths were hard to beat in their classes from 850cc to 1600cc, though. Being the only pro in a small team Hermann learned a lot about testing and developing, which helped him later.However, being dissatisfied with the preparation of his car for the 1965 Schauinsland practice, <mask> went home to witness the birth of his son, Dino. At the end of the year he left Abarth for good to return to the manufacturer closer to his home. Porsche

In 1966 he returned to Porsche for a comeback in the World Sportscar Championship, as Porsche started a serious effort there. Following several podium finishes with the still underpowered two liter Porsche 906 and later models, he won the 1968 24 Hours of Daytona in a 907 as well as the Sebring 12 Hours again, now together with Swiss Jo Siffert. The overall win of the 1000km Nürburgring always eluded him, even though <mask> had taken part in each of these races at the Nürburgring since they were introduced in 1953, and had finished second three times in a row from 1968 to 1970, behind teammates Jo Siffert and/or Vic Elford. <mask> missed the win in the 1969 24 Hours of Le Mans with a Porsche 908 by only 120 meters , but it was he who finally scored the long-awaited first overall victory at the Le Mans 24 Hours for Porsche in 1970. He was assigned to Porsche Salzburg, the Austria-based factory-backed team owned by the Porsche family, which mainly entered cars painted red and white, the Austrian colors.In heavy rain, he and his teammate Richard Attwood survived with their Porsche 917K #23 as the best of only seven finishers. Retirement
Half jokingly, <mask> had promised to his wife before the Le Mans race that he would retire in case of a win there. Having witnessed fatal accidents of colleagues too many times, e.g. before the 1969 German Grand Prix when his teammate and neighbor Gerhard Mitter died, the 42-year-old announced his retirement on TV, after having driven the winning car in a parade through Stuttgart from the factory to the town hall. To get out of his contract with Porsche Salzburg, <mask> had to recommend a replacement driver to Luise Piech. Using his contacts, <mask> built a successful company for automotive supplies. He was kidnapped once in the 1990s and kept in a car trunk for many hours before escaping.<mask> has remained engaged in the racing community through his retirement, demonstrating historical cars at events such as the Solitude-Revival. Racing record

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Notes
 – Shared drive with Karl Kling and Stirling Moss

References

Further reading
 Frank Wiesner: <mask> Story, Motorbuch Verlag, 2008,
 Bernhard Völker: <mask> – Ein Leben für den Rennsport, Motorbuch Verlag, 1998,
 <mask> – Ich habe überlebt,  Motorbuch Verlag, 1971

External links

 official Homepage of <mask>
 F1 results
 Porsche 908 races
 Porsche 917 races
 The famous <mask> race at Le Mans 1969 on DVD! 1928 births
Living people
12 Hours of Reims drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans winning drivers
British Racing Partnership Formula One drivers
Ecurie Bonnier Formula One drivers
Ecurie Maarsbergen Formula One drivers
German racing drivers
German Formula One drivers
Maserati Formula One drivers
Mercedes-Benz Formula One drivers
Porsche Formula One drivers
Racing drivers from Baden-Württemberg
Scuderia Centro Sud Formula One drivers
Sportspeople from Stuttgart
World Sportscar Championship drivers
12 Hours of Sebring drivers

masks:
Hans Herrmann
Herrmann
Hans im Glück
Herrmann
Herrmann
Hans
Herrmann
Herrmann
Herrmann
Hans
Herrmann
Herrmann
Herrmann
Herrmann
Herrmann
Herrmann
Hans Herrmann
Hans Herrmann
Hans Herrmann
Hans Herrmann
Hans Herrmann


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<mask> (; born June 5, 1984) is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher who is a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Tampa Bay Rays, Texas Rangers, Houston Astros, New York Mets and Chicago Cubs. He signed with the Cubs as a nondrafted free agent out of Venezuela in 2000. Career

Chicago Cubs
Chirinos signed with the Chicago Cubs as a nondrafted free agent out of Venezuela on July 2, 2000. Chirinos made his professional debut with the AZL Cubs in 2001. In 2002, Chirinos played for the Low-A Boise Hawks, where he batted .247/.311/.433 with 8 home runs and 38 RBI. He played for the Single-A Lansing Lugnuts in 2003 and 2004, hitting .232 and .241 respectively, also logging 7 home runs and 39 RBI both seasons.In 2005, Chirinos played for the High-A Daytona Cubs, logging a .273/.327/.392 slash line with 7 home runs and 27 RBI. The following season, Chirinos played for the Single-A Peoria Chiefs, posting a .242/.360/.383 batting line with career-highs in home runs (9) and RBI (47). For the 2007 season, Chirinos split the year between the Double-A Tennessee Smokies and Daytona, and hit a cumulative .246/.357/.358 in 121 games between the two teams. The next season, Chirinos played for Tennessee, Daytona, and the AZL Cubs, accumulating a .275/.394/.441 slash line with 5 home runs and 29 RBI between the three teams. In 2009, Chirinos split the season between Tennessee and Daytona, posting a .294/.396/.519 slash with new career-highs in home runs (11) and RBI (52). In 2010, Chirinos split the year between Tennessee and the Triple-A Iowa Cubs, hitting a cumulative .326/.416/.583 with even newer career-highs in home runs (18) and RBI (74). Following the 2010 season, <mask> was added to the Cubs' 40-man roster.Tampa Bay Rays
On January 8, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Tampa Bay Rays alongside Sam Fuld, Hak-Ju Lee, Brandon Guyer, and Chris Archer in exchange for Matt Garza, Fernando Perez, and Zac Rosscup. <mask> was promoted to the majors for the first time on July 18, 2011, by the Rays. He doubled in his first major-league at bat against A. J. Burnett of the New York Yankees. Chirinos hit his first MLB home run on August 3 against the Toronto Blue Jays. He also recorded his first career RBI earlier in the same game. In his rookie season, Chirinos batted .218/.283/.309. That season Chirinos allowed 21 stolen bases, as he caught 2 runners, for a caught-stealing percentage of 9%.<mask> had an opportunity to make the big league club in 2012 out of spring training, but he suffered a concussion which prevented him from playing any baseball during the 2012 season. Texas Rangers

On April 8, 2013, <mask> was traded to the Texas Rangers in exchange for a player to be named later. He had a very limited role behind A. J. Pierzynski as the backup, as he only played in 13 games batting .179/.233/.286 in 28 at-bats. <mask> got his chance to start for the Rangers in 2014, playing in a career-high 93 games. He had many more career-highs in 2014 as well, with 13 home runs, 40 RBIs, and batting .239/.290/.415. He made six errors, third-most for a catcher in the AL. <mask> started for the Rangers again in 2015 and batted .232/.325/.438 in 78 games.In the ALDS against the Toronto Blue Jays, <mask> went 3-for-11 (.273) with one home run in 3 games played in a series loss. In 2016, he batted .224/.314/.483 with 9 home runs and 20 RBI in 57 games. That season Chirinos allowed 22 stolen bases, as he caught 8 runners, for a caught-stealing percentage of 27%. In 2017, Chirinos allowed 46 stolen bases, as he caught 15 runners, for a caught-stealing percentage of 25%. He also slashed .255/.360/.506 with 17 home runs and 38 RBI in 88 games. On June 13, 2018, <mask> was struck by Matt Kemp during a home-plate collision. <mask>, thinking that the collision was intentional, scolded Kemp for colliding into him, and the two fought, leading to the benches clearing.Both combatants were ejected and the Rangers lost against the Dodgers 3–2 in 11 innings. In 2018, he batted .222/.338/.419 with 18 home runs and 65 RBI in 113 games. Chirinos allowed 53 stolen bases, fourth-most for a catcher in the AL, as he caught 6 runners, for a caught-stealing percentage of 10%. The Rangers declined his $4.5 million option for 2019, and he became a free agent. Houston Astros
On December 6, 2018, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Houston Astros. On September 1, 2019, Chirinos caught Justin Verlander's third career no-hitter. With the Astros in 2019, Chirinos batted .238/.347/.443.Texas Rangers (second stint)
On January 15, 2020, Chirinos signed a one-year contract with the Texas Rangers (with a team option for 2021). In 14 games with Texas, Chirinos batted .119/.224/.143 with 2 RBI. New York Mets
On August 31, 2020, the Rangers traded Chirinos to the New York Mets for a player to be named later. He finished the year batting .219/.242/.375 in 12 games for the Mets. New York Yankees
On February 15, 2021, Chirinos signed a minor league contract with New York Yankees organization that included an invitation to Spring Training. On March 10, 2021, in a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chirinos was hit in the hands by a Blake Cederlind pitch and was later diagnosed with a fractured right wrist. On March 15, Yankees manager Aaron Boone told reporters that Chirinos would undergo surgery the next day on his broken wrist and miss four to six weeks.On March 27, 2021, <mask> was released from his minor league contract, making him a free agent. On March 29, <mask> re-signed with the Yankees on a new minor league contract. Chirinos batted .278/.422/.556 with 3 home runs and 6 RBI in 13 games with the Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Railriders. On July 4, <mask> was released by the Yankees organization. Chicago Cubs (second stint)
On July 5, 2021, <mask> signed a major league contract with the Chicago Cubs. On July 6, <mask> hit his first home run with the Chicago Cubs against the Philadelphia Phillies

International career
Chirinos played for the Venezuela national baseball team at the 2017 World Baseball Classic, batting .214. In October 2018 he was selected an MLB All-Star for the 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series.See also
 List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela

References

Further reading

External links

1984 births
Living people
Arizona League Cubs players
Boise Hawks players
Chicago Cubs players
Daytona Cubs players
Durham Bulls players
Houston Astros players
Iowa Cubs players
Lansing Lugnuts players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball players from Venezuela
Navegantes del Magallanes players
New York Mets players
People from Falcón
Peoria Chiefs players
Round Rock Express players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Tennessee Smokies players
Texas Rangers players
Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States
World Baseball Classic players of Venezuela
2017 World Baseball Classic players

masks:
Robinson David Chirinos González
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Chirinos
Robinson Chirinos


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<mask> (September 18, 1908 – March 15, 1996) was an American novelist, folklorist, and anthropologist and an expert in the study of Haitian life. The author of 35 books and plays and numerous scholarly articles, <mask> specialized in the study of African, Caribbean, Afro-American, and Native American cultures. He took a special interest in oral literature, cults, and Afro-American cultural connections with Africa. Life and work

<mask> was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of the painter <mask> of Detroit, Michigan. <mask> received a B.A. in English from the University of Michigan in 1931. At the University of Michigan, he received three Avery Hopwood Awards (one in drama and two in literary criticism).He attended graduate school at the University of Michigan and Columbia University. He spent time in the 1930s on a farm in Romeo, Michigan. There, he built a one-room log cabin in the woods where he spent much of his time writing. With the prize money from the Hopwood Awards, <mask> took his first field trip to Haiti, inspired by the writings of William Buehler Seabrook. In 1939, he published his first book about Haitian life entitled Haiti Singing. Over the next 30 years, he traveled to Haiti more than 20 times. His research focused on religious practices, African retentions, oral traditions, folklore, music, and dance.His book, The Drum and the Hoe: Life and Lore of the Haitian People, published in 1960, became a classic text for the study of Haitian culture. <mask> also took numerous field trips to the southern United States, recording folk music in the 1940s and 1950s. From 1947–1960, he served as a general editor of Ethnic Folkways Library (he actually devised the label name) and recorded more than 30 albums of music from different cultures (e.g., the cultures of Indonesia, Ethiopia, West Africa, Haiti, and Cuba). In 1950, he also did field recordings in Alabama later transcribed by John Benson Brooks. In the 1960s, <mask> began a series of field trips to the American Southwest to study the oral literature and culture of the Hopi Indians. His collection of folk tales, People of the Short Blue Corn: Tales and Legends of the Hopi Indians, was issued in 1970 and was quickly recognized as an indispensable work in the study of oral literature. From 1942-43, during World War II, <mask> served as a historian for the Air Transport Command for the Douglas Aircraft Project 19 in Gura, Eritrea.<mask> then worked as a writer and editor for the Office of War Information in New York City and Bombay, India, from 1943-46. From 1946 until 1956, he worked as a news writer and news analyst for the Voice of America in New York City. He was an information specialist and speech writer for the U.S. Mission to the United Nations from 1956–1957. He was a writer and editor for The United Nations Review from 1957–1960. From 1960 until 1974, <mask> was African specialist, Caribbean specialist, feature writer, and senior news analyst for the Voice of America in Washington, D.C. Roots and plagiarism
<mask> wrote seven novels, his most famous being The African, published in 1967. The novel was the story of a slave's capture in Africa, his experiences aboard a slave ship, and his struggle to retain his native culture in a hostile new world.In 1978, <mask> filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, charging that Alex Haley, the author of Roots, had copied 81 passages from his novel. <mask>'s pre-trial memorandum in the copyright infringement lawsuit claimed:

The lawsuit did not allege that The African'''s plot was copied in its entirety, as the two novels differ in many plot points. <mask>'s novel depicts a successful revolt on the slave ship, a shipwreck in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, a fugitive life as escaped slaves, recapture by French troops, and then transport to New Orleans in 1802. Haley's novel begins before the American Revolution, depicts disease striking down the slaves before they could revolt, and shows the ship arriving successfully in the British colony of Maryland. The copying in Roots was in the form of specific ideas and passages. For example, strikingly similar language is used to describe an infestation of lice on the slave ship:

In his Expert Witness Report submitted to federal court, Professor of English Michael Wood of Columbia University stated:

During a five-week trial in federal district court, presiding U.S. District Court Judge Robert J. Ward stated, "Copying there is, period."Passages from The African were found stapled to a manuscript page from Roots. However, Alex Haley maintained throughout the trial that he had not even heard of The African until the year after Roots was published, and speculated that someone else had given him the photocopied passages. After the trial, Joseph Bruchac, an instructor in black and African history at Skidmore College, stated that he had recommended <mask>'s novel to Haley when he visited Skidmore in 1970. Bruchac remembered driving home three miles to fetch his own copy of The African and give it to Haley, who promised to read it "on the plane." <mask> and Haley settled the case out of court for $650,000 and a statement that "Alex Haley acknowledges and regrets that various materials from The African by <mask> found their way into his book, Roots." Family life
<mask> married Ella Schneideman in 1939. They had one child, Erika <mask>.They later divorced. <mask> married Emma Meltzer June 18, 1949. They had two children, <mask> and Susan Jean <mask>. Selected bibliography and discography

Novels
 The Caballero, 1940. The Big Old World of Richard Creeks, 1962, 1990. The African, 1967, 1977, 1993. The Mesa of Flowers, 1977, 2006.The Master of the Forge, 1983, 1996. The Son of the Leopard, 1974, 2002. The Bordeaux Narrative, 1988, 1990. Journey of the Grey Fox People (reissue of The Mesa of Flowers), 1977, 2006. Nonfiction
 A Treasury of African Folklore, 1975, 1995. A Treasury of Afro-American Folklore, 1976, 1995. Tales of Yoruba Gods and Heroes, 1973, 1974, 2001.The Heart of the Ngoni: Heroes of the African Kingdom of Segu (with Ousmane Sako), 1982. The Drum and the Hoe: Life and Lore of the Haitian People, 1960, 1985, 1988. Negro Folk Music, U.S.A., 1963, 1992. Haiti Singing, 1939, 1973. Big Falling Snow (with Albert Yava), 1978, 1982. Hopi Voices: Recollections, Traditions and Narratives of the Hopi Indians, 1982. Negro Songs from Alabama (music transcribed by John Benson Brooks), 1960, 1963, 1988.The Fourth World of the Hopis, 1971, 1987, 1999. Shaping Our Times: What the United Nations Is and Does, 1960. Vodoun in Haitian Culture (in Religion and Politics in Haiti), 1966. On Recognizing the Human Species', '1960. Folklore and folktales
 The Cow-Tail Switch and Other West African Stories (with George Herzog), 1947, 1987. The Hat-Shaking Dance and Other Ashanti Tales from Ghana, 1957, 1985. Olode the Hunter and Other Tales from Nigeria, 1968, 1996.The King's Drum and Other African Stories, 1962, 1990. The Crest and the Hide and Other African Stories of Heroes, Chiefs, Bards, Hunters, Sorcerers and Common People, 1982. The Fire on the Mountain and Other Ethiopian Stories (with Wolf Leslau), 1950, 1995. People of the Short Blue Corn: Tales and Legends of the Hopi Indians, 1970, 1995, 1998. The Tiger's Whisker and Other Tales from Asia and the Pacific, 1959, 1995. Terrapin's Pot of Sense, 1957, 1985. The Piece of Fire and Other Haitian Tales, 1964, 1992.Kantchil's Lime Pit and Other Stories from Indonesia, 1950. Uncle Bouqui of Haiti, 1942. Ride with the Sun, 1955, 1983. Plays
 Swamp Mud, 1936. Home to Langford County, 1938. Articles
 "Musical Instruments of Haiti", The Musical Quarterly, July 1941. "Profane Songs of the Haitian People", Journal of Negro History, July 1942."The Ethiopian Game of Gobeta", The Negro History Bulletin, October 1943. "Gods of the Haitian Mountains", Journal of Negro History, July 1944. "Abakwa Meeting, Guanabacoa", Journal of Negro History, 1944. "Notes from an Abyssinian Diary", The Musical Quarterly, July 1944
 "Dance and Dance-Drama, Haiti", The Function of Dance, Human Society, 1944. "Incident, the Valley of Gura", The Negro History Bulletin, 1947. "Gods of Haiti", Tomorrow, Autumn 1954. "The Loa of Haiti: New World African Deities," 1955."Three Sonike Tales", African Arts, November 1978. "Roots, The African, and the Whiskey Jug Case", The Village Voice, April 9, 1979. "Recording in Cuba in 1941", Resound: A Quarterly of the Archives of Traditional Music, July 1984. "Recording in Alabama in 1950", Resound: A Quarterly of the Archives of Traditional Music, October 1985. "Reflections on the Meaning of a Haitian Cult Song", Bulletin Du Bureau National D'ethnolgie, 1986. "Kunta Kinte's Struggle to be African", Phylon, December 1986. "Recording in Eritrea in 1942-43", Resound: A Quarterly of the Archives of Traditional Music, April 1987."Some N.Y. Recording Episodes", Resound: A Quarterly of the Archives of Traditional Music, October 1988. "The Emperor Wore Clothes: Visiting Haile Selassie, 1943", The American Scholar, March 1989. "Recollections of Haiti, the 1930s and '40s", African Arts, April 1990. "Recording on the Hopi Reservation, 1968-1981", Resound: A Quarterly of the Archives of Traditional Music, April 1990. "How I Got My Log Cabin", Chronicle: The Quarterly Magazine of the Historical Society of Michigan, 1991.

masks:
Harold Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
David Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Harold Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Harold Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Courlander
Michael Courlander
Courlander


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<mask> (17 February 1787 – 2 November 1854) was a 19th century writer, poet and author of children's books and religious tracts. He is chiefly known by his pseudonym of Old Humphrey, under which name he published 46 works, but also used the pen-names "Jeremy Jaunt", "Ephraim Holding", "Peter Parley" and "Old Father Thames". He wrote approximately 200 published works, many of which are still in publication today, and at the time of his death it was estimated that over 15 million copies of his writings were in circulation. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Ashted, Birmingham, on 17 February 1787, the son of <mask>, a canal agent. His grandfather, <mask>, was the Vicar of Kimbolton, Worcestershire. His Uncle, John Phillips, was also a vicar, so the family had strong religious tendencies which were to influence many of <mask>'s later writings. His friend and biographer, Charles Williams, noted that <mask>, as a child, was 'taught to occupy and amuse himself', a trait which led him, unattended, to explore a local building site, where he suffered severe injuries falling into the newly dug foundations, leaving him with a scar on his forehead which he would bear for the rest of his life.In early childhood he attended the village Dame school, then was later enrolled at Boarcote school, Bromsgrove, where he was not happy. He taught himself to swim after witnessing a man drowning, and eventually used this skill to rescue a fellow-pupil from a similar fate. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a Japanner (varnisher) in Birmingham, and eventually started his own japanning business in partnership with his brother, in Lancaster Street, Birmingham. Adult life
In 1812 he married Elizabeth Bloomer, who bore him two sons and a daughter. Elizabeth died in 1822, and three years later he married Mary Ridsdale, by whom he had one more son. Mary authored a book, Domestic Addresses and edited several of Mogridge's works. In 1826 Mogridge's Japanning business collapsed, and he took to writing full-time for a living.He was unable to make a sufficient living through his writing, and Mogridge fell into financial difficulties, compounded, in 1828, by a period of ill-health. By this time he had entered into a deal to write religious pamphlets for the Religious Tract Society, who agreed to provide a pension to support him through his difficulties. Years later, Queen Victoria, flattered by poems <mask> had written in celebration of her and her husband, Prince Albert, agreed to contribute to this pension. His contract with the Religious Tract Society necessitated a move to London, involving a long separation from his wife who remained in Birmingham, but after many months, and with financial support from friends and readers, he was able to take on a property in Kingsland, London, where his wife and family eventually joined him. <mask> was already a well-known and prolific writer by 1833, when he chose the pseudonym "Old Humphrey" for his authorship of a series of children's books for the Religious Tract Society. He would write 46 tracts under this name, aimed at persuading children into Christian habits and morals, and it is as "Old Humphrey" that he is best remembered. Final illness and death

In 1851 <mask> sprained his ankle and during his convalescence fell into a further spell of the bad health which had dogged him for much of his life.On medical advice he left London and took a house at 6 High Wickham, Hastings, Sussex, where he lived for the rest of his life, and he grew to love the town, writing Old Humphrey at Hastings during his time there. He died, with his wife at his bedside, in Hastings on 2 November 1854, and, by his own request, was buried against the wall in the graveyard of All Saints' Church, Hastings. His gravestone stresses his religious convictions. The Religious Tract Society estimated that they had sold more than 15 million copies of his works worldwide by the time he died, and many of his Tracts are still in print today. Immediately after his death his house at Hastings became, briefly, a tourist attraction, as readers of his works travelled to Hastings to view the room where 'Old Humphrey' had died. A plaque on the wall of the house records his residence there, and a street in the Old Town area of Hastings, a short walk from his house, was named "Old Humphrey Avenue" in his honour. Two biographies of his life appeared shortly after his death, one, particularly florid and exuberant, written by his close friend Charles Williams, the other sponsored by The Religious Tract Society.Literary career
<mask> had begun writing poems and short articles for his own amusement while still at school. Later, during his apprenticeship years, he made the acquaintance of Samuel Jackson Pratt, a prolific and popular (though now largely forgotten) poet who lived in Colmore Row, Birmingham. Mogridge showed Pratt examples of his writings and the latter encouraged him to start writing for publication. "Jeremy Jaunt"
In his spare time, <mask>, encouraged by Pratt, wrote and submitted a series of letters and articles to The Birmingham and Lichfield Chronicle under the pseudonym of "Jeremy Jaunt" (supposedly an aged, bewigged man with smallpox scars, who had lived in Birmingham his entire life). These were accepted and became a weekly column called "Local Perambulations". The early columns dealt principally with the need for improvements to Birmingham, but in later years also tackled more widespread subjects including expressing support for the anti-slavery movement. "Thomas Brown"
During his time in Birmingham, <mask> joined with a relative in campaigning to rid the city of what he considered to be vice and immorality.A particular target was the 'obscene' ballads which were published and sold on the city streets. Mogridge's aim was to buy up every copy of the obscene ballads and destroy them, and to persuade the publishers to stop printing further copies. The publishers, naturally, refused his request, so <mask> decided to write his own ballad, in the style and metre of the obscene ballads, but on a moral and religious topic. This led to the publication of his first Religious Tract, Thomas Brown (Full title: The Sabbath-Breaker reclaimed: or the Pleasing History of Thomas Brown, in verse). The ballad told the tale of a poor, drunken, miserable man who is brought to realise that his poverty and misery are due to his neglecting to attend church on Sundays. Thomas Brown was an instant success and sold thousands of copies; Mogridge's biographer records that one man derived his entire livelihood by singing Thomas Brown for money, non-stop, on the streets of London. "Old Humphrey"
In 1833, The Religious Tract Society began issuing a weekly periodical, "The Weekly Visitor" and invited Mogridge to contribute "articles on a variety of familiar topics treated in a popular manner."<mask> chose to write these under a new pen-name, "Old Humphrey". He originally intended "Old Humphrey" to be no more than a pseudonym, but with the unexpected popularity of the articles, the public were soon keen to know more about "Old Humphrey", and the author's identity became a matter of popular speculation in the press. In response <mask> began to imbue his pseudonym with the character of an elderly, kind hearted gentleman, responding to one paper's article, "Who is Old Humphrey?" with an enigmatic description beginning,

The 'Old Humphrey' articles proved so popular with the public that <mask> was eventually to write 46 articles and books under that name over a period of twenty years, including Old Humphrey's Observations and Old Humphrey's Pithy Papers on Singular Subjects. Many of 'Old Humphrey's' books were aimed at children and were popular 'prizes' at Sunday-Schools. Other writings
<mask> used various other pseudonyms, both male and female, in his long career, including "Uncle Adam", "Old Alan Gray", "Ephraim Holding", "Uncle Newbury", "Aunt Newbury", "Old Father Thames," "Grandfather Gregory", "Grandmamma Gilbert", "Aunt Upton", "Amos Armfield", "Godfrey Gilbert" and "Peter Parley" – the latter bringing him into conflict with an American writer, Samuel Griswold Goodrich, who also wrote under that name. <mask> also wrote fifty books under his own name, including The Juvenile Culprits (1829) and The Churchyard Lyricist (1832).A keen traveller and walker, he also published several travel books based on his journeys, such as Wanderings in the Isle of Wight (1846). Notes

References

External links

 <mask>: His Life, Character and Writings, by Charles William (online version)
 List of works by <mask>
 Memoir of Old Humphrey (Religious Tract Society) – online version
 The Sabbath-Breaker reclaimed: or the Pleasing History of Thomas Brown, in verse
 Full text of Old Humphrey's Lively Lectures and Cheerful Chapters

1787 births
1854 deaths
19th-century English novelists
English Anglicans
English male journalists
English short story writers
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
People from Hastings
Victorian poets
Victorian novelists
English male poets
English male short story writers
English male novelists
19th-century British short story writers

masks:
George Mogridge
George Mogridge
Matthias Mogridge
Anthony Mogridge
George
George
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
George Mogridge
George Mogridge


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<mask> of Arniston, the Elder, 2nd Lord Arniston (1685–1753) was a Scottish lawyer, and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1722 to 1737. In 1728 he reintroduced into Scottish juries the possible verdicts of guilty or not guilty as against proven or not proven. He was Lord President of the Court of Session from 1748 to 1753. Early life
<mask> was born on 9 December 1685.the second son of <mask>, Lord Arniston, a judge of the court of session, and his wife Margaret Sinclair, daughter of Sir <mask> of Stevenson. The family's Edinburgh house was at the head of Old Fishmarket Close on the Royal Mile. The house was later destroyed in the Great Fire of Edinburgh. He was educated at Utrecht in about 1700 and was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 26 July 1709, and   became a profound lawyer through his Interest and talent.Career
In about 1717 <mask> was appointed  Assessor to city of Edinburgh and was also appointed in 1717 Solicitor General for Scotland by the secretary of state, the Duke of Roxburghe, the head of the Squadrone. He found this an irksome position, and in 1718 applied to succeed Eliot of Minto on the bench, but the place was already given to Sir Walter Pringle. However, he was promoted in 1720 by the Duke of Roxburghe to be  Lord Advocate, in succession to Sir David Dalrymple . On 9 December 1721 he became dean of the Faculty of Advocates. On 11 July 1721 he resigned the post of assessor to the city of Edinburgh  and an acrimonious correspondence took place between him and the magistrates of Edinburgh. At the  1722 British general election <mask>  was returned as Member of Parliament for  Edinburghshire. He was a major opponent of the malt-tax in 1724, after the Argyll party came into power with <mask>.He was counsel for the Glasgow magistrates after they were charged with conniving at the riots against the tax. He became  a key figure in agitation against the tax and also encouraged the Edinburgh brewers to resist. In the Commons, on 4 March 1726, he blamed the riots on the mismanagement of the Government and the military authorities. Later he put forward a proposal to allocate part of the malt tax to improvements in Scotland. In 1727 he proposed a counter-address against the malt tax instead  of a loyal address of the court of session. At the 1727 British general election <mask> was returned unopposed as MP for Edinburghshire  and continued in opposition. He spoke  against the Government in the Dunkirk debate on 12 February 1730 and also in 1730 promoted a bill to give the court of session the power of adjourning.After his return unopposed at the 1734 British general election,  he was the chief adviser of the opposition formed of representative peers and members of parliament against the administration of Scotch affairs adopted by Lord Ilay. With  Erskine of Grange, he joined with the opposition in an attack in both Houses on the methods   which the Government had used in  the recent election of Scottish representative peers. This opposition movement was, however, unsuccessful. On 5 May 1735 the Commons passed a bill drafted by Erskine and introduced by <mask> to prevent the wrongful imprisonment of persons coming to vote in elections, but the  bill was thrown out by the House of Lords. On 10 June 1737, <mask> was appointed a judge of the court of session, in succession to Sir Walter Pringle of Newhall, and vacated his seat in the House of Commons. In 1745, <mask>'  son <mask> dissuaded his father from retiring into private life, but it was believed, he would have retired in 1748 if his hopes of becoming lord president had been disappointed. After a vacancy of nine months, the ministry and independent Whigs, overrode the Duke of Argyll's opposition, and on 10 September 1748 <mask> succeeded Duncan Forbes of Culloden as lord president, and filled the office for the rest of his life.<mask> dies at Abbey Hill, Edinburgh, on 26 August 1753. He was buried on 31 August in the family tomb at Borthwick. Most famous case
Dunas's most famous case was his defence of James Carnegie of Finhaven in 1728 on his trial for the murder of Charles, earl of Strathmore, whom he killed in a drunken brawl by mistake for Lyon of Bridgeton. The original practice was to allow the jury to find the prisoner generally guilty or not guilty; about the time of Charles II this was altered to a finding upon the facts of proven or not proven. In this case it was clear that Carnegie killed Strathmore. If the jury were to find the fact proven, leaving the court to pronounce the legal effect of that finding, Carnegie was a dead man. <mask> forced the court to return to the older course, and the jury found Carnegie not guilty, and this practice was adopted in subsequent cases.Assessment
As an advocate he was both eloquent and ingenious; in private life idle and convivial. <mask>'s appearance was forbidding and his voice harsh; his portrait is preserved at Arniston, and is engraved in the Arniston Memoirs. Family
Dundas married, twice. In 1712, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of <mask> of Muirhouse, who, with four of his children, died in January 1734 of smallpox, and by her he had a son, <mask>, afterwards lord president, and other children. On 3 June 1734, he married Anne, daughter of Sir William Gordon, bart., of Invergordon, by whom he had five sons and a daughter. One of these sons, Henry, was Treasurer of the Navy and 1st Viscount Melville. Notes

References
Attribution
 Endnotes:
Omond's Arniston Memoirs, 1887
Omond's Lord Advocates of Scotland
State Trials, xvii.73
Lockhart Papers, ii. 88
Brunton and Haig's Senators
Trans. of Royal Society Edinburgh, ii. 37
Scots Magazine, 1753 and 1757
Douglas's Baronage of Scotland
Drummond's Hist. of Noble British Families
Tytler's Life of Lord Kames, i. 50. Further reading

1685 births
1753 deaths
Lord Advocates
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
Senators of the College of Justice
Rectors of the University of Glasgow
<mask>
Lords President of the Court of Session
Deans of the Faculty of Advocates
Place of birth missing
Solicitors General for Scotland
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741

masks:
Robert Dundas
Dundas
Robert Dundas
Robert Sinclair
Dundas
Dundas
Robert Wpole
Dundas
Dundas
Dundas
Dundas
Robert
Dundas
Dundas
Dundas
Dundas
Robert Watson
Robert
Robert Dundas


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 17 July 1949) is an Irish composer best known for his electro-acoustic work, for which he was made a Saoi of Aosdána, and for his piano music for theatre. Education
Born in Malahide, County Dublin, <mask> studied piano from the age of nine. After leaving school he attended the Royal Irish Academy of Music for three years, studying composing, during which time he was awarded two composition scholarships. He also studied at the Institute of Sonology at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands and the Finnish Radio Experimental Music Studio on scholarships. Early work
As a performer <mask> began as a drummer with the groups Supply Demand and Curve and Jazz Therapy, playing free improvisatory and fusion music. He released his first LP, Oizzo No, in 1975, and his second, Thalia, in 1978 on CBS Classics. Rapid Eye Movements (1981) was his third LP, and his attempt at a "masterpiece before the age of thirty".Electro-acoustic and other work
<mask> began his magnum opus, Babel, in 1989 – a 5-CD set that took ten years to compose. Each track corresponds to a 'room' or place within an imagined giant tower city, a kind of aural virtual reality. It celebrates the multiplicity of musical language. 103 pieces of music were composed for it and he worked with 48 collaborators. From 2002 to 2007 he worked on the three-volume electronic work Passades. 27 albums of his music have been released. <mask> has also composed scores for several films including Budawanny, Pigs and the documentary Atlantean by Bob Quinn.In 2013 he founded META Productions  with opera director Eric Fraad, committed to exploring new forms of opera for the 21st century. Their first production was the electronic opera Heresy. Originally titled The Death by Fire of Giordano Bruno, A 40-minute 'in development' version was performed as part of a fully staged concert of <mask>'s works at both the Kilkenny Arts Festival and in the Dublin Theatre Festival 2013. The 2 hour Heresy was presented as part of 'Project 50', a season of work celebrating 50 years of Project Arts Centre in November 2016. The opera is based on episodes from the life and works of Giordano Bruno. It was broadcast on RTÉ Lyric fm in September 2017 and released as a double album on Heresy records on 2018. Recent album releases are: The Thousand Year Old Boy (explorations in imagined world musics - 2013); Time Machine (music composed around telephone messages from the 1980s - 2015);  Frail Things In Eternal Places (electronic sounds with the scored and/or improvised vocal collaborations of 8 singers - 2016), The Heresy Ostraca (a remix album which fragments audio files of the Heresy opera and makes new pieces from the re-assemblage - 2019).Theatre
<mask> founded the music theatre company Operating Theatre with Irish actress Olwen Fouéré. They produced many important site-specific productions, including Passades, Here Lies and Angel/Babel, all featuring <mask>'s music as an equal partner in the theatrical environment. Operating Theatre performed in conventional and site-specific venues in Ireland, England, Holland, France, Venezuela and the US and released several records. With Icontact Dance Company, <mask> produced Tower of Babel – Delusional Architecture, featuring as much of Babel as he had composed by then. This work was originally performed in a whole wing of the Irish Museum of Modern Art in 1992. Arguably <mask>'s most famous theatre work is the music he wrote and performed on piano onstage for the Steven Berkoff version of the Oscar Wilde play Salome which played in Dublin's Gate Theatre, in London's West End and on three world tours. The Irish Times noted that "his name is revered in the realm of theatre".Critical reception
<mask>'s works Four Sketches and All the Rage were awarded second and first prizes in the Dublin Symphony Orchestra composition competition in 1970 and 1974 respectively. He has won the Programme Music Prize (1997) and the Magisterium Award (2007) at the Bourges International Electro-Acoustic Competition in Bourges, France. He also received the Irish Arts Council's Marten Toonder Award in 2000 in recognition of his innovative work as a composer. <mask> is a member of Aosdána, and has recently been made Adjunct Professor of Music at Trinity College Dublin. President Michael D. Higgins conferred the honour of Saoi on <mask> on 16 August 2019 by placing  a gold torc around his neck. This is the highest honour of Aosdána that can be bestowed by fellow Aosdána members. No more than seven living members can be so honoured at one time.,
The Irish Times described his album Chalant – Memento Mori as  "a richly rewarding work that runs the full, glorious gamut of human emotion". It was Album of the Week on 30 March 2012 in the same paper. Babel was re-released in 2013 and received this review from Fanfare Magazine (USA), January 2014: "This is a phenomenal listening experience of Wagnerian dimensions ─ and, arguably, Wagnerian ambitions. The whole concept is amazing [...] an impeccably imagined alternative world experience. Fascinating, and well worth the time required to properly immerse oneself in the weird and wonderful contents of <mask>'s head." Influences
As a teenager <mask> was influenced by Stravinsky, Debussy, Pierre Henry and The Beatles. Selected discography
Fairlight Memories
Baby Grand
Cool Steel Army
Babel
The Ninth Set
Passades – Volumes 1 & 2
Rapid Eye Movements
Thalia/Oizzo No
The Room in the Tower
Chalant – Memento Mori
The Thousand Year Old Boy

References

External links

 http://rogerdoyle1.bandcamp.com/

 http://www.rogerdoyle.com/discog.php
 http://cmc.ie/composers/pdfs/35.pdf
 https://web.archive.org/web/20130624173057/http://operatingtheatre.ie/
 http://www.metaproductions.ie

1949 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Aosdána members
Electroacoustic music composers
Irish classical composers
Irish pianists
Living people
Irish male classical composers
Modernist composers
Musicians from County Dublin
Male pianists
21st-century pianists
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians
People from Malahide

masks:
Roger Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Roger Doyle
Roger Doyle
Doyle


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<mask> (born <mask>; October 15, 1917 – March 13, 2009) was an American businessman best known for his tenures at Capitol Records, first as a writer/producer best known for creating Bozo the Clown for a series of record-album and illustrative read-along children's book sets. As Vice-President in charge of Programming at NBC, in 1959 he oversaw the development and launch of the network's most successful television series, Bonanza. Early years
<mask> was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of McDonald, Pennsylvania on October 15, 1917. He was the youngest of three children, whose mother encouraged reading books and playing musical instruments. He had an older sister, Vera, and an older brother, <mask> (1915–2001), who wrote or co-wrote many popular songs for films and television, including "Buttons and Bows", "Mona Lisa", "Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)", as well as the popular Christmas song "Silver Bells". <mask> began his career in the entertainment business leading his own college orchestra as a student at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating from the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce with a B.S.in Economics, he moved to New York where he worked in advertising for three years. At the start of World War II, he enlisted in the army as a private and served as a second lieutenant in the infantry. After his discharge, he borrowed some money, hitched a ride on an Army plane and headed for Los Angeles, California where he obtained his first position with Capitol Records, Inc. in Hollywood as a writer/producer. Capitol Records
<mask>'s initial assignment was to create a children's record library for the four-year-old company, for which he created the "Bozo the Clown" character. He wrote and produced a popular series of storytelling record-album and illustrative read-along book sets beginning with the October 1946 release of "Bozo at the Circus." His record-reader concept, which enabled children to read and follow a story in pictures while listening to it, was the first of its kind. The Bozo image was a composite design of <mask>'s, derived from a variety of clown pictures and given to an artist to turn into comic-book-like illustrations.<mask> then hired Pinto Colvig to portray Bozo on the recordings. Colvig, a former circus clown, was also the original voice of <mask>'s Pluto, Goofy, Grumpy, Sleepy and many other characters. Billy May produced the music. The series turned out to be a smash hit for Capitol, selling over eight million albums in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Successful record sales led to a variety of Bozo-related merchandise and the first television series, "Bozo's Circus," starring Pinto Colvig on KTTV-Channel 11 (CBS) in Los Angeles in 1949. The character also became a mascot for the record company and was later nicknamed "Bozo the Capitol Clown." <mask> wrote and produced many other children's recordings including products for <mask>; <mask>'s <mask>ker; Bugs Bunny and all of the Warner Bros. characters.In the case of the latter, he wrote the 1951 pop hit "I Tawt I Taw A Puddy Tat" for Mel Blanc's Tweety Pie. There were also several record-readers featuring the popular cowboy character, Hopalong Cassidy. One of these was "Hopalong Cassidy and The Singing Bandit" in 1950, which was the first children's record set to make the Top Ten charts. Within a few years, <mask> moved on to the adult music arena and became Vice President in charge of all creative operations of the company. He signed Frank Sinatra when Sinatra was at a low point in his career. <mask> wanted Sinatra to work with arranger Nelson Riddle, however Sinatra was reluctant to do so out of his loyalty to Axel Stordahl with whom he had worked for most of his career. The first Sinatra/Stordahl recordings for Capitol failed to produce the magic <mask> and producer Voyle Gilmore were looking for, and Sinatra agreed to try a session with Billy May on April 30, 1953, but instead <mask> booked Riddle, telling Sinatra that May had to unexpectedly leave town for a live performance.The impact was immediate, producing the classic "I've Got the World on a String". However, it was "Young at Heart" that became the defining moment in Sinatra's comeback, peaking at #2 during its 22-week run on the charts in the spring of 1954. <mask> was credited as the creative force responsible for Capitol Records' growth from net sales of $6 million per year to sales in excess of $100 million per year. He was also officially credited as the inspiration for the distinctive Capitol Records Tower, completed in April 1956, noted for being the first circular office building in the world. <mask> is also responsible for what have come to be known as the "Butcher Covers." When The Beatles released their 1966 album Yesterday and Today it was initially released with a surreal <mask>ker cover photograph depicting the group draped in slabs of meat and dismembered doll parts. Protests from record dealers forced Capitol to immediately recall the album and re-issue it with a new cover.The original covers, in any condition, have become highly sought after collectors items. Shortly after the controversy erupted, <mask> took home a box containing both mono and stereo copies of the original "Butcher cover" albums, sealed and in pristine condition. They remained in storage at the <mask> home, untouched, for the next twenty years until <mask>'s son Christopher revealed their existence when he brought several of the albums to sell at a Beatlefest convention in 1987. These Butcher covers are considered the best examples of these albums and currently command a premium price upwards of $20,000. California Productions and NBC
After 10 years with Capitol, <mask> and the company sold the "Bozo the Clown" licensing rights (excluding the recordings) to Larry Harmon, one of several people hired to portray the character at promotional appearances; <mask> left the company to accept a position as President of California National Productions, Inc., the wholly owned film production subsidiary of the National Broadcasting Company. Shortly thereafter, <mask> was also named Vice President of NBC, in charge of Television Network Programming, dealing principally with all films made for the network. In this capacity, he hired David Dortort to write and produce the pilot for the series Bonanza for which <mask>'s older brother, songwriter <mask>, wrote the memorable theme.During this time, <mask> also served on the Boards of Bob Hope Enterprises, Inc. and Joseph Mankiewicz's motion picture production company, Figaro, Inc.

Return to Capitol
In 1960, Capitol Records induced <mask> to return as president and, eventually, chairman of the board. He was also named to the Board of Electric and Musical Industries (EMI), a British corporation that was the largest stockholder in Capitol. Subsequently, he merged Capitol Records into Audio Devices, Inc., a magnetic tape manufacturer listed on the American Stock Exchange, and changed the name of the surviving company to Capitol Industries, Inc., of which <mask> was named president. It was during this period that he turned Capitol Records into a more rock-oriented company with such artists as The Beach Boys, Steve Miller, The Band, and others. His most noteworthy accomplishment at that time was agreeing to release the Beatles' "I Want to Hold Your Hand" for Capitol in 1963, after having rejected all their previous singles as unsuitable for the U.S. market despite Capitol being owned by The Beatles' U.K. record company, EMI. Later ventures
<mask> later sold his stock in Capitol Industries to form his own company, Mediarts, Inc., for the production of motion pictures, records and music publishing. He eventually sold his interest in that company to United Artists as a result, particularly, of its success in the record business including Don McLean, who reached the #1 position in the country with his "American Pie" single and album in 1972.Two feature motion pictures were completed during the company's operation: Downhill Racer (1969) starring Robert Redford and Gene Hackman, and Unman, Wittering and Zigo (1971) starring David Hemmings; both released by Paramount Pictures. In August 1976, <mask> joined Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation as Senior Vice President and President, Entertainment Group. He left in 1980 to accept the presidency of Atalanta Investment Company, Inc., and resigned in 1987 to produce a one-hour television adaptation of Sparky's Magic Piano, and to form Pacific Rim Productions, Inc. for animation services. <mask> also wrote a novel titled Ronnie Finkelhof, Superstar about a shy Harvard pre-law student who becomes an overnight success as a rock musician. It was published by Ballantine Books in the spring of 1988. On August 1, 1998, <mask> received his first honor for his creation of "Bozo the Clown" as the International Clown Hall of Fame in Milwaukee, Wisconsin presented him their Lifetime of Laughter Achievement Award. His first two marriages, one to actress Betty Hutton, ended in divorce.<mask>'s third and final marriage was to actress Nancy Olson, whose film credits include Sunset Boulevard (1950) and The Absent-Minded Professor (1961). They resided in Beverly Hills, California. Their son, <mask>, is a movie producer, director, writer and songwriter. He also had a daughter, jewelry designer <mask> Gibson, from a previous marriage. Death
<mask> died after a series of mini-strokes at his home in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 91. He was survived by his wife, former actress Nancy Olson (formerly Mrs. <mask> Lerner), a son, <mask>; a daughter from a previous marriage, Laura Gibson; and two step daughters, Liza and Jennifer Lerner. References

External links

<mask> and The Capitol Record Readers
Pittsburgh Music History article on <mask>

1917 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American Jews
American music industry executives
Record producers from Pennsylvania
Presidents of Capitol Records
People from McDonald, Pennsylvania
Bozo the Clown
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Alan Wendell Livingston
Alan Wendell Levison
Livingston
Jay Livingston
Alan Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Walt Disney
Livingston
Walt Disney
Walter Lantz
Woody Woodpec
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Robert Whita
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Jay Livingston
Alan
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Christopher Livingston
Laura Livingston
Livingston
Alan Jay
Christopher Livingston
Alan Livingston
Alan Livingston


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<mask> (20 February 1846 – 6 October 1914) was an English antiquary, historian and schoolteacher, best known for his history of the Cheshire town of Nantwich, which remains among the principal sources for the town's history. He also edited accounts of the English Civil War and documents relating to Combermere Abbey. Another work on the history of Combermere Abbey, Newhall and Wrenbury was never published; its manuscript has been lost. <mask> is commemorated in Nantwich in several ways, including a street named for him. Life

Early life and education
<mask> was born in the Brayford Head district of Lincoln on 20 February 1846. His father, also <mask> (born 1816), captained a steam packet which plied the River Witham between Lincoln and Boston, and his paternal grandfather, <mask> (born 1765), had been a waterman in Lincoln. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of George Markham, a farmer from the village of Treswell in Nottinghamshire.They had married in 1843; <mask> was the second of their ten children, five of whom died in infancy, and their only surviving son. He grew up in Grantham Street in the centre of the city of Lincoln, where the family moved after his father gave up working on the river to become a rate collector and manager of the Lincoln and Lincolnshire Building Society. The family were Wesleyan Methodists and worshipped at Clasketgate Chapel, where <mask>'s father taught at the Sunday school. From 1854, <mask> attended the Wesleyan Day School in Grantham Street (later in Rosemary Street), rising to become a pupil–teacher. He received tuition on the piano from the well-known teacher C. A. Ehrenfechter, and was also taught the organ by the Clasketgate Chapel organist. Deciding to make his career in teaching, he joined the Wesleyan Training College at Westminster in 1864, graduating first in his year in English two years later. Educator

The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel of Nantwich in Cheshire was seeking a headmaster in 1866 for its elementary Day School to succeed the retiring Mr Mobbs; they required an incumbent who could also play the organ at the chapel.Twenty-years old <mask> was appointed, and took up the position on 7 January 1867. He was to spend the rest of his life in Cheshire. The school had been founded in 1840, and stood on Hospital Street, opposite the chapel. In 1873, during <mask>'s time there, subjects taught included religion and reading, and both boys and girls attended. The present building on the site dates from 1909; the old school burned down in January 1908. On 9 June 1870, <mask> married Elizabeth Goy, daughter of Matthew Goy, a builder who lived near the <mask> family in Grantham Street. Elizabeth later acted as <mask>'s secretary and proofreader for his history, and also administered his private school.The couple had four children: two daughters, the elder of whom, Margaret, assisted in school administration, and two sons, the artist Walter J<mask> (born 1875/6) and George (born 1883). In 1874, <mask> was appointed the first headmaster of the new Board School at Willaston, near Nantwich, built under the Education Act of 1870. Although the school was not formally opened until 28 June 1875, he began to teach 40 boys in the Congregational Schoolroom on Church Lane from the beginning of that year. He moved his growing family to rented accommodation in Broad Street (now Wellington Road), near the station, until the schoolhouse at Willaston was completed in March 1876. The number of pupils grew rapidly, with 132 the month after the school opened and later reaching 230; up to five other teachers were employed. In addition to the required curriculum, he taught singing, drawing and Latin.Local historian

According to <mask>, his father's interest in local history was kindled in the early 1870s by Thomas Bolton (died 1877), a Nantwich boot-and-shoe manufacturer whose tales of Nantwich in the first half of the century piqued <mask>'s interest. His first publication was a Christmas tale, written for Bolton, which appeared under the pseudonym "Peter Plover". While living at Willaston, he also became a friend of the antiquary John Parsons Earwaker, FSA, the first volume of whose history of East Cheshire appeared in 1877. <mask> started work on his history of Nantwich in the mid-1870s; it took nearly a decade to complete. The research included many visits to churches to document their architecture and to transcribe church registers and memorial inscriptions; he also consulted many library collections, travelling as far afield as Oxford and London. The text was finished on 10 December 1883, the 300th anniversary of the Great Fire of 1583 that destroyed much of the town. The manuscript ran to 1154 foolscap sheets; indexing it took a further month.<mask> states that shortly after the book's publication, the Society of Antiquaries offered to confer its fellowship on <mask>, but his father declined the honour. Musical activities
<mask> was the organist of the Nantwich Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in 1867–75 and 1882–1907. He composed five hymns and three other works for the Nantwich choir. With Alfred Withinshaw, he founded the Choral Union of the Wesleyan Methodist choirs of Nantwich, Crewe and Market Drayton in 1884, and organised three music festivals in 1884–85. Difficulties in later life
In 1885, soon after the publication of <mask>'s History, Willaston Board School received an "unsatisfactory" rating in its government inspection. In his biography of his father, <mask> claims that there was "certainly no neglect of duty as regards [<mask>'s] teaching," and associates the poor report with insinuations circulating among some local residents that his father had been neglecting his headmaster's duties in favour of writing his History. Walter cites contemporary local newspaper articles in support of his father, concluding that his work had been "widely appreciated."After an appeal failed, <mask> resigned, leaving the post in June 1886. He moved back into Nantwich, initially renting 84 Welsh Row, and decided to open a private senior school for boys. He started to build Lindum House, a schoolroom and substantial master's house on Wellington Road. On 29 September 1886, while the buildings were still under construction, he opened the school on Welsh Row with six pupils. The new schoolroom was completed by the end of the year; by January 1887, the school had 17 pupils. The family moved into the master's house in April. Financial problems occurred from the outset when <mask> fell into dispute with his architect, incurring legal expenses of more than £250 which meant that he remained in debt until 1901.Despite employing a drillmaster and offering French tuition, pupil numbers rose only slowly and then declined, with the school never having more than 35 pupils. By 1905, with only 12 pupils remaining, it was obvious that the venture had failed. <mask> tried to sell Lindum House in May of that year, but it took two years for an acceptable offer to be received. The school closed on 19 June 1907. Retirement, death and legacy
In September 1907, <mask> moved to Saughall Road in the north west of Chester. He remained active in retirement, joining the Chester Archaeological Society and the Society of Literature and Art, and undertaking cataloguing projects for the Corporation of Chester, Chester Archaeological Society and the Tollemache family, among others. His health declined in 1909–10; the condition recurred in February 1914, and the following September, his health deteriorated further.He died in Chester on 6 October 1914, and was buried at Chester New General Cemetery. A posthumous portrait of <mask>, painted by his son Walter J<mask>, was presented to the town of Nantwich in 1943. It formerly hung in the Free Library and is now displayed in the main gallery of Nantwich Museum. The portrait depicts him sitting in front of two pictures of churches, Lincoln Cathedral and St Mary's Church, Nantwich. At this time, <mask> wrote four biographical articles, published in the Nantwich Guardian in 1944 and subsequently collected into a brief biography by J. Lodge, headmaster of Nantwich and Acton Grammar School. He is also commemorated by a tablet in the porch of St Mary's Church, erected in 1946, the centenary of his birth, by Percy Corry, also a local historian.It describes him as "The Historian of Nantwich." A street in Nantwich is named for him. Historical work

History of Nantwich
Hall is best known for his history of Nantwich. The first history of the town was published anonymously by the Reverend Joseph Partridge, master of the Nantwich Blue Cap Charity School, in 1774. A second history by John Weld Platt, published in 1818, is dismissed by <mask> as "little more than an enlarged and better arranged edition of the former work," which fails to acknowledge its source. He calls Platt's description of Nantwich Castle "purely fictitious." <mask>'s history, entitled A History of the Town and Parish of Nantwich, or Wich-Malbank, in the County Palatine of Chester but usually referred to as <mask>'s History of Nantwich, was completed in December 1883.The first edition of 350 copies was financed by subscription; it was privately printed by local printer Thomas Johnson, bound by Macmillan and Co. in Manchester and distributed early in 1884. Nearly four times the length of Platt's work, it covers the period from the Domesday survey of 1086 to the date of publication, and additionally includes the nearby townships of Alvaston (now part of Worleston), Willaston and Woolstanwood. There are 29 line illustrations, some of which are not credited and might have been drawn by the author. The book received reviews in national and local periodicals, including one in The Athenaeum on 7 March 1885, which praised the meticulous referencing and described the history as "able, clear and succinct" and its author as "conscientious and careful." Despite the positive reception, it was not reprinted in <mask>'s lifetime. Several replica editions have since been published, the first in 1972, and various online editions are now available. Though in part outdated, <mask>'s History remains the authoritative history of the town and is frequently cited by modern works.Cheshire County Council and English Heritage stated in a 2003 report that <mask>'s history, with George Ormerod's history of Cheshire, are the "chief sources for the history of Nantwich." Civil War journals
The great majority of <mask>'s other works as an author and editor relate to the history of Cheshire. He edited two accounts of the English Civil War in the county as Memorials of the Civil War in Cheshire and the Adjacent Counties by Thomas Malbon and Providence Improved by Edward Burghall, published in 1889. Thomas Malbon's Civil War journal was included in the Cowper manuscript collection of Condover Hall, to which <mask> gained access from its owner, Reginald Cholmondeley. "Providence Improved" by Edward Burghall, the Puritan rector of St Mary's Church, Acton, incorporates a version of part of Malbon's writing. <mask> gained access to the text from his friend, J. P. Earwaker. <mask>'s edition places the two diaries side by side, with his annotations, and also includes biographies of the two men.C. B. Phillips, writing in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, describes <mask>'s edition of "Providence Improved" as "well printed" but considers <mask>'s characterisation of Burghall's reworking of Malbon as plagiarism to "miss the point." Combermere Abbey
<mask> also edited "The Book of the Abbot of Combermere", published in 1896. The book is a collection of leases and rent rolls from 1289 to 1529 relating to Combermere Abbey, which owned a quarter of Nantwich, copied by the final abbot, John Massey, and others. <mask> was granted access to the documents by Robert Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, Viscount Combermere, the abbey's owner. Stapleton-Cotton later gave him access to other material relating to the abbey – which resulted in the manuscript, The History of Combermere, Newhall Township and the Village of Wrenbury – but died in 1898 before this history could be completed. It was never published, as <mask> had been relying on the viscount's sponsorship of the project. <mask> attempted to bring the work out in 1939, but was prevented by paper shortages during the Second World War.At this date, the Reverend A. L. Moir, vicar of St Mary's and St Michael's, Burleydam, also attempted to obtain the manuscript for publication without success. The manuscript, which ran to 780 foolscap sheets and covered many of the small settlements near the abbey, has since been lost. Other
<mask> published articles in many historical and literary journals, including The Athenaeum, Notes and Queries, Palatine Note Book, Local Gleanings of Lancashire and Cheshire and the Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society, and also a chapter in the book Memorials of Old Cheshire (1910). The last gave rise to controversy as <mask> inaccurately stated that Tabley Old Hall was "ruinous" when at that date it remained in reasonable repair; its owner, Lady Leighton-Warren, complained and it emerged that <mask>, whose health was failing, had based his opinion on postcard images without visiting. <mask> gave lectures to many local societies on topics ranging across music and literature as well as local history. Thirty volumes of his unpublished notebooks are archived in The National Archives. These and other unpublished notes include research on medieval architecture, misericords in local churches, Acton and Dorfold Hall, and the history of the Delves family of Doddington Castle.He served as the honorary local secretary for Nantwich of The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire from around 1889 until his death, and was elected to the council of the Chester Archaeological Society in 1908. Selected publications
A History of the Town and Parish of Nantwich, or Wich-Malbank, in the County Palatine of Chester (1883)
Memorials of the Civil War in Cheshire and the Adjacent Counties by Thomas Malbon and Providence Improved by Edward Burghall (Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society; 1889) [as editor]
"The Book of the Abbot of Combermere 1289–1529" (The Record Society; 1896) [as editor]
"Cheshire and its Families" in Memorials of Old Cheshire, Barber E, Ditchfield PH, eds, pp. 194–206 (George Allen & Sons; 1910)

Notes and references

Sources
Beck J. Tudor Cheshire. A History of Cheshire, Vol. 7 (Series Editor: JJ Bagley) (Cheshire Community Council; 1969) ()
Hall J. A History of the Town and Parish of Nantwich, or Wich-Malbank, in the County Palatine of Chester (E.J. Morten; 1972) ()
Hall WJ.<mask>: 1846–1914: A Short Biography (1946; reprinted from the Nantwich Guardian; 29 January – 18 February 1944) (OCLC 499765659)
Hodson JH. Cheshire, 1660–1780: Restoration to Industrial Revolution. A History of Cheshire Vol. 9 (Series Editor: JJ Bagley) (Cheshire Community Council; 1978) ()
Latham FA, ed. Acton (The Local History Group; 1995) ()
Local History Group, Latham FA, ed. Wrenbury and Marbury (The Local History Group; 1999) ()
Morant RW. Monastic and Collegiate Cheshire (Merlin Books; 1996) ()

1846 births
1914 deaths
English historians
English antiquarians
Schoolteachers from Cheshire
People from Lincoln, England
People from Nantwich
English local historians

masks:
James Hall
Hall
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James Hall
William Hall
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. Hall
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Walter Hall
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Walter Hall
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Walter Hall
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. Hall
Walter Hall
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Walter Hall
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James Hall