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<mask> () is an architect, environmental scientist, and an urban and regional planner by trade. He is an author, powerlifter, and the first athlete to represent Palestine at the World Association of Bench Pressers and Dead lifters (WABDL) World Powerlifting Championships in Las Vegas, Nevada in 2006. In November, 2007, <mask> represented Palestine again in the WABDL World Championship, in Anaheim, California, where he won his division and set a new Palestinian world record. He set a new record for the state of Illinois in 2004, and holds many national and international records in powerlifting. The 10-year-old WABDL, one of a handful of international lifting organizations, recognized his lift as a national record for Palestine. "I think it was a groundbreaking experience," said Gus Rethwisch, the founder and president of the 4,200-member group. "He's not an activist.He's not political. He's just passionate," Rethwisch said. International/World records
Open and elite men's division -198 lbs weight class
 Squat: 630 lbs
 Bench Press: 610 lbs
 Deadlift: 705 lbs

Professional career
<mask> is currently working for Boeing in Digital Aviation. Previously, he served as senior director of GIS at Trimble Navigation Ltd, global director of product management at Pitney Bowes Software, Esri’s global industry manager for planning and community development and director of PLACES in California and a GIS manager and instructor at the University of Texas at Austin. He is keynote speaker in a number of areas including GIS solutions and strategic marketing in Planning and Community Development, Urban and Regional Planning, environmental science and sustainable development, and trans-boundary water resources management and Conflict Resolution. His expertise is focused on the geopolitical and hydropolitical aspects of water resources in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict, the transboundary management of water resources, and multinational environmental policies in the Middle East. Early life
Born in the Palestinian city of Rafah, <mask> grew up in a world of environmental inequity.Being a native Palestinian from the Gaza Strip and raised during the Palestinian Intifada (uprising), he recognized the value of water as the sustainer of life and peace. <mask> holds a Ph.D. in community and regional planning from the University of Texas at Austin with a focus on water resources management and conflict resolution and mediation (alternative dispute resolution)  and a master's degree in urban and regional planning from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a bachelor's degree in architectural engineering. Specialization
Through education and professional experience, he developed specialization in fields ranging from Planning Analysis and Geographic Information System (Esri), Geospatial analysis and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), groundwater modeling, Environmental Science and Sustainable Development, to Conflict Resolution and Mediation. <mask> has authored numerous publications, served on governing and advisory boards, and received over 20 awards for his work. His recent book entitled Water as a Catalyst for Peace - Transboundary Water Management and Conflict Resolution is a book that describes a water negotiation framework and provides an exposé of how equity can be linked into the process of international treaty negotiation and governance. Publications
 Palestine - Peace by Piece: Transformative Conflict Resolution for Land and Trans-boundary Water Resources [book], Springer International Publishing. TEDx Talk: Water for Peace: extinguishing the fire of war and conflict| TEDxBoulder.Water as a Catalyst for Peace: Transboundary Water Management and Conflict Resolution [book], Taylor & Francis Group (Routledge). Interview: Operational Location Intelligence is critical, Geospatial World Magazine. Interview: Pitney Bowes, Autodesk, TomTom Team on GIS, Infrastructure and BIM Projects, Directions Magazine. Interview: Pitney Bowes Refocuses on the Operational Intelligence of Location, Informed Infrastructure Magazine - Vector1 Media. Interview: Autodesk and Pitney Bowes Partnership – Bridging the Gap…Meeting the Challenge, Geoinformatics Magazine. On the Cusp of Water War: a diagnostic account of the volatile geopolitics of the Middle East, Peace and Conflict Studies Journal, 17(2). Equity in the Context of Bilateral, International Water Allocation Treaties in Arid Regions - A Transformative and Interdisciplinary Approach to Conflict Resolution, University of Texas at Austin, (Publication Number: 3417449).Through the Eyes of the Indigenous Population: Innovative and Comprehensive Approaches to Mediation and ADR in the Middle East, Peace Conflict & Development Journal, June, issue 14. Rethinking planning theory and practice: a glimmer of light for prospects of integrated planning to combat complex urban realities, Journal of Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 2(11), pp. 64–79. Book Review: A Post-capitalist Politics, by: J.K. Gibson-Graham, Journal of Urban Studies, 46(2). Just add data: how software interoperability could expedite development, Engage Gov Today. Smarter Planning with Location Intelligence, Engage Gov Today. Location-enabled Smart Planning and Community Development, Informed infrastructure (Vector1 Media).Creating and Enabling a Smarter Enterprise with Location Intelligence, Informed infrastructure (Vector1 Media). Derecho storms raise important questions about emergency preparedness and response, Engage Gov Today. Economic Gardening: The Future of Economic Development Through GIS, Engage Today. Using Location Intelligence to Create and Enable a Smarter Enterprise, Engage Today. Harnessing the Power of Your Data Through Enterprise Location Intelligence, Engage Today. GIS-Based Community Risk Assessment- Tools for wildfire prediction and mitigation, ArcUser, Esri, Spring 2011. Planning 2.0: A Collaborative Platform for Actionable Intelligence, Next City Magazine.GIS for Planning and Community Development: Solving Global Challenges, Directions Magazine. Making Smart Growth Smarter with GeoDesign, Directions Magazine. Fostering citizen participation, GIS Development, Neogeography & Participatory GIS: Power to people, Vol.14 Issue 2. Effective Growth Management - Demonstrating the MCE capabilities of GIS, ArcUser, Esri, Spring 2008. Equity of Water Resources Allocation in the International Law, AMIN. De-mystifying the Conflict: Equity to Deter Hydro-hostility in the Middle East, AMIN. Water for Peace, Media Monitors Network.Story of Champaign’s Downtown: Planning for a Return to a Glorious Past, UpWords, Fall, Vol.7. References

20th-century births
Living people
American geographers
Businesspeople in software
Environmental scientists
Palestinian powerlifters
American powerlifters
Palestinian emigrants to the United States
American business executives
21st-century American architects
American urban planners
National Geographic Society
Palestinian strength athletes
Palestinian sportspeople
University of Illinois School of Architecture alumni
University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Ahmed Abukhater
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<mask> (; 13 July 1841 – 11 April 1918) was an Austrian architect, furniture designer and urban planner. He was a leading member of the Vienna Secession movement of architecture, founded in 1897, and the broader Art Nouveau movement. Many of his works are found in his native city of Vienna, and illustrate the rapid evolution of architecture during the period. His early works were inspired by classical architecture. By mid-1890s, he had already designed several buildings in what became known as the Vienna Secession style. Beginning in 1898, with his designs of Vienna Metro stations, his style became floral and Art Nouveau,  with decoration by Koloman Moser. His later works, 1906 until his death in 1918,  had geometric forms and minimal ornament, clearly expressing their function.They are considered predecessors to   modern architecture. Education and early career
<mask> was born in 1841 in Penzing, a district in Vienna. He was the son of Suzanne (née von Helffenstorffer-Hueber) and Rudolf Simeon <mask>, a notary to the Royal Hungarian Court. He began his architectural studies in 1857 at the age of sixteen at the Vienna Polytechnic Institute. When he finished his studies there, in 1860 he traveled to Berlin and studied at the Royal Academy of Architecture under Carl Ferdinand Busse, a classicist and student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel, the leader of the German school of neoclassical and neo-Gothic architecture. He returned to Vienna in 1861 and continued his architectural education at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, under August Sicard von von Sicardsburg and Edouard von der Nüll, who had designed the neoclassical Vienna State Opera and the architectural monuments along the Vienna Ringstraße. In 1862, at the age of 22,  he joined the architectural firm of Ludwig von Förster, who studio had designed much of the new architecture along the Ringstraße.The first part of his career was devoted to the transformation of that boulevard into showcase of neo-Gothic, neo-Renassiance, and neoclassical styles. During this period, which lasted until about 1880,  he described his own style as "a sort of free Renaissance". His first realized major project was an Orthodox Synagogue on Rumbach Street in Budapest. His design was selected in a competition held in 1868, when he was twenty-seven years old. The octagonal hall of the synagogue was concealed behind a four-story structure facing the street. The hall was filled with light from stained glass windows on the octagonal lantern above, and large circular windows in each of the eight bays. On the first floor above the ground floor was an octagonal gallery reserved for women.The facade was made of brick of different colors, and was decorated with minarets and towers with a Moorish appearance, while the interior featured colorful patterns of mosaic slender on the walls and highly decorated columns which supported arches over each of the bays. He began to develop his own philosophy of architecture, based the need for buildings to be, above all, functional. He continued to develop this idea throughout his career. In 1896, in his book Modern Architecture, he wrote, "only that which is practical can be beautiful". Early projects, and the First Villa Wagner (1880s)
In the 1880s, he began to construct buildings of which he was both the architect and investor in the project, sharing in the financial benefits. In 1882 he designed a luxury apartment building on Stadiongasse in Vienna, close to the Parliament and the city hall. The facade was inspired by the Renaissance, but the interior was designed to be highly practical, luxurious, and constructed with the highest quality materials available.The benefits of this building allowed him to build several more similar apartment buildings. It illustrated his doctrine of the connection between beauty and function. His next major project was the headquarters of the Austrian Länderbank in Vienna. He won the design competition in 1882 and built it in 1883–84. It was built on a very irregular site, mostly at an angle to the street, which allowed him to be more creative. The five-story Renaissance facade gave little idea of the complexity of the building behind it, which had multiple diverging axes. The visitor passed through a circular vestibule, then turned at an angle into multi-storied semi-circular central hall with a glass skylight, where the banking function was located.He also used new materials, such as an enduit lisse, and much larger windows than were customary in the period, repeated the plan on each floor. He later described his approach to the building:  "The demands for air and light, the desire to assure easy circulation and orientation inside the space, and especially the fact that the activities of a bank can develop on one direction or another, made it desirable to be able to easily transform the work spaces." He was to follow the same concepts twenty years later when he designed the Postal Savings Bank in Vienna. The following project, in 1886, was the first Villa Wagner, a country house he built for himself on the edge of the Vienna woods. He called it his "Italian Dream", and it had neoclassical elements inspired by Palladio. it was surrounded by a park carefully designed to complement the architecture. The principal facade had a double stairway ascending to a portico with a colonnade, which was the entrance to the grand salon.The porch was decorated curving wrought iron, statuary, and a coffered ceiling. At either end of the main villa were pergolas with open colonnades. On either side of the main stairway to the entrance he placed plaques in Latin concisely stating his philosophy On one side, "Without art and love, there is no life";  and on the other, "Necessity is the sole mistress of art." In 1895,  he modified the house. One of the pergolas was transformed from a winter garden into billiards room, illuminated by floral stained glass windows on designed by the painter Adolf Böhm. The other pergola was made into his studio, also with colorful decorative windows. Two more of his buildings appeared on the boulevards of Vienna.The first, completed in 1887,  was a six-story apartment building on Universitätsstrase, which had a rigorous vertical facade divided by ornamental pilasters, divided horizontally by very ornate wrought iron balcony on the first floor and a sculpted cornice beneath the roof, dividing the facade into three distinct parts. The second was the Zum Anker building on Spiegelgasse, and the Graben, the historic boulevard in the heart of the city. This building, completed in 1894, combined apartments on the upper floors and stores on the street level, fearing large display windows. On top was another glass structure, like a small temple, which contained a photography studio. It was another notable example of <mask> skillfully adapting the design of the building to its practical functions. Urban planning and the Vienna Stadtbahn (1894–1900)
In the 1890s, <mask> became increasingly interested in urban planning. Vienna was a growing rapidly;  it reached a population of 1,590,000 residents in 1898.In 1890, the city government decided expand the urban transit system outwards to the new neighborhoods. In April 1894, <mask> was named artistic counselor for the new Stadtbahn and gradually was given responsibility for the design of the bridges, viaducts, and stations, including the elevators, signs, lighting, and decoration. <mask> hired seventy artists and designers for his transit stations, including two young designers who later became very prominent in the birth of modern architecture, Joseph Maria Olbrich and Josef Hoffmann. The government committee in charge of the project specified that the buildings should be covered in white plaster, for uniformity, and that the style should be Renaissance, also for uniformity. Working within these requirements, <mask> designed stations and other structures which combined utility, simplicity and elegance. The most notable station he designed was Karlsplatz station (1894-99). It had two separate pavilions for the two directions, and was constructed with a metal frame, and covered on the exterior with marble plaques and plaster plaques in the interior.The exterior was covered with designs in a sunflower pattern, which continue on the semi-circular facade. The carefully designed gilded decoration gives the building a remarkable combination of functionality and elegance. The Vienna Secession

In 1894, he became Professor of Architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, and increasingly expressed the necessity of leaving behind historical forms and romanticism and developing Architectural Realism, where the form was determined by the function of the building. In 1896 he published a textbook entitled Modern Architecture in which he expressed his ideas about the role of the architect; it was based on the text of his 1894 inaugural lecture to the Academy. His style incorporated the use of new materials and new forms to reflect the fact that society itself was changing. In his textbook, he stated that "new human tasks and views called for a change or reconstitution of existing forms". He wrote in his manifesto on Modern Architecture, "Art and artists have the duty and obligation to represent their period.The application here and there of all the previous styles, as we have seen in the last few decades, cannot be the future of architecture...The realism of our time must be present in every newborn work of art. In 1897, he aligned himself with Vienna Secession, a movement started by fifty Vienna artists formally known as the Association of Austrian plastic artists. Its founding members included Gustav Klimt, its first President, Joseph Maria Olbrich, Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser. The Secession declared war on the historicism and realism decreed by the Arts academies, and called for the abolition of the boundary between the fine arts and the applied and decorative

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 arts. of architecture and art. Its goal was proclaimed by <mask>'s student, Olbrich: "To each epoch its own art, and to each art its freedom." The most famous architectural work of the Secession, Olbrich's Secession Building (1897–98) showed <mask>'s influence.However, after the success of Secession works at the 1900 Paris Exposition, many of the members wanted to produce furniture and other Secession designs in series, and disputed the direction of the Secession. The dispute reached a head in 1905, when one of the prominent painters of the Secession, Carl Moll, proposed that the Secession purchase a prominent Vienna art gallery as an outlet for the Secession artists. This was opposed by the more traditional artists in the group. It was put to a vote of the members of the Secession, and Klimt's position was defeated by a single vote. Klimt, <mask>, Moser and Hoffmann promptly resigned from the Secession. <mask> had a strong influence on his pupils at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. This "Wagner School" included Josef Hoffmann, Joseph Maria Olbrich, Karl Ehn, Jože Plečnik and Max Fabiani.Another student of <mask>'s was Rudolph Schindler, who said "Modern Architecture began with Mackintosh in Scotland, <mask> in Vienna, and Louis Sullivan in Chicago." Majolika-Haus and the Linke Wienzeile buildings (1898-99)
The Linke Wienzeile Buildings are three apartment buildings in Vienna, constructed in 1898–99. The most famous of these is the Majolica House, at 40 Linke Wienzeile. Its facade is entirely covered with majolica, or glazed earthenware tiles in the colorful floral designs which characterized the early Vienna Secession. The Art Nouveau floral design of its facade was made by his student . The other building, Linke Wienzeile 38, is known as House with medallions because of its decor of gilded stucco medallions by <mask>'s student and frequent collaborator, Koloman Moser. The roof, visible from far away, features several sculpted heads, called The Criers, or The Crying Women by Othmar Schimkowitz.He provided sculpture for two other Vienna Secession landmarks by <mask>, including the Angels on the roof of the Kirche am Steinhof church in Vienna, and sculpture for the Austrian Postal Savings Bank. The sculptures and other ornament were removed when the style was out of fashion, but have more recently been restored. <mask> had his own town apartment in a third building, at 3 Köstlergasse. It featured decoration based on Japanese floral prints, and furniture of his own design, but its most famous feature was the bathroom. A marble plaque on the wall supported the shower head, the sink was of marble on nickel legs, and the bathtub was of glass, mounted in a nickel frame. <mask> had the bathroom displayed at the 1900 Paris Universal Exposition. Church of St. Leopold (1902–1907)
The Church of St. Leopold was built to accompany a large new psychiatric hospital constructed on the edge of Vienna.He completed for the design of the hospital, but received a commission only for the church. <mask> had earlier written an academic study entitled The Modern style in Church construction and this was his opportunity to use his ideas in a building. The main feature of the church is a dome, and the facade was covered with marble plaques two centimeters thick, fixed with copper-headed bolts. The same white and gold design was maintained in the interior. The church could hold eight hundred worshippers, with seats for four hundred, divided into separate sections for men, women, and hospital staff. The ceiling was also white, divided into sections by y gilded lines. The altar, the central point, was covered with a lacelike gilded cupola, matching the dome overhead.The floor was made of white and black tiles, and sloped slightly, so those in the church had better view of the altar. The large stained glass windows were designed by <mask>'s frequent collaborator, Koloman Moser. It was one of the first and most celebrated examples of modern church architecture. Austrian Postal Savings Bank (1903–1912)
In his later years, <mask> experimented continually. He tried new materials, such as aluminum, which he used in the decoration of the entrance of the dispatch office the Die Zeit newspaper in Vienna. His most ambitious experiment was the Austrian Postal Savings Bank (1903–1912), which is often considered his most famous and most influential building. It was the prime example of his doctrine that form follows function.He wrote, "All modern creation should correspond to the new materials and the new demands of our time, if it is to harmonize modern man." <mask> conceived the building in 1903, when he was sixty-two years old, and continued working on it until it was completed, when he was seventy-one. The exterior was covered with marble plates with ornamental aluminium rivets in a purely geometric pattern. The most remarkable features were the interiors. The central banking room, where the cashiers were located, had a suspended steel and glass ceiling, and a floor of glass tiles. He made extensive use of new materials,  such as aluminum, for the door knobs, grills, lamps, and other details throughout the building. It had no decoration; every very element was designed to be clean, geometric, and functional.He designed the furniture to complement the style of the architecture. Later life and projects
By 1905, the year he left the Vienna Secession, Hoffman had achieved an international reputation. In that year he proposed a monumental plan for the Palace of Peace proposed by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie for construction of the Hague, but it was never realized. His continued to produce new editions of his book Modern Architecture,  and three volumes entitled Sketches, Projects, Constructions. He published a series of books on topics including theater architecture, hotel architecture, and a particularly forward-looking work,  "The Great City", published in 1911, devoted to urban planning, explaining how the expansion of large cities should be managed. He participated in the International Congress of Architecture in London in 1906, and traveled to New York to the International Congress of Urban Art in 1910. In the same year he became the Vice Rector of the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna.He was named Vice President of the Permanent Commission of Congress of Fine Arts in Paris in 1912. In 1912 he proposed a very modern municipal museum for Vienna dedicated to The Emperor Franz-Joseph. However, the final competition for this building was won by one of <mask>'s former students, Josef Hoffmann. The project was halted by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. In 1913, he became an honorary professor at the Academy and retired, but continued to teach students who had enrolled prior to his retirement. While he proposed many projects, only a few were actually built. These included a strikingly geometric and modernistic hospital for victims of Lupus disease in Vienna (1908).His last large-scale project, a building of thirty large apartments on Neustiftgasse and Döblergasse in Vienna. The building had a very modern white plaster facade with very discreet geometric decoration of blue ceramics (Döblergasse) and pieces of black glass (Neustifgasse). <mask> had his own apartment on the second floor of the Döblergasse building. He designed all the furniture, carpets and decoration in his apartment, as well as the towels and bathroom fixtures. The ground floor of this building also served as the offices of the Wiener Werkstätte architectural movement from 1912 until 1932. The Second Wagner Villa (1912)
Another of his last projects was the Second Wagner Villa on Hüttelbergstrasse in Vienna. It was located near to, and in sight of, his first villa, which he had sold in 1911.It was considerably smaller than his earlier villa. The building was designed to be extremely simple and functional, with a maximum of light, and a maximum use of new materials, including reinforced concrete, asphalt, glass mosaics, and aluminum. The villa is in the form of a cube, with white plaster walls. The primary decoration elements of the exterior are bands of blue glass tile in geometric patterns. The front door is reached by a monumental stairway to the first floor. The servant's quarters were downstairs, and the main floor was occupied by a large single room, which served as a salon or dining room. For the furniture, he selected many works designed and manufactured by one of his former students, Marcel Kammerer.<mask> intended the house as the main residence of his wife after his death, but she died before him, and he sold the house in September 1916. <mask> died on April 11. 1918, shortly before the end of the First World War, in his apartment on Döblergasse in Vienna. Furniture
<mask> often designed the furniture to complement the design of the building. His furnishings for the Postal Savings Bank were particularly notable for their simplicity and functionality, and combination of traditional materials with new materials, such as aluminum

Other buildings

From 1860 to 1890

From 1890 to 1918

Publications

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Otto Wagner Museum in Vienna
Images of several <mask> buildings
Majolica House in Vienna by <mask> (photos)
AEIOU - Das österreichische Kulturinformationssystem
 Vienna's tourist trail of plunder, Guardian (World News), 21 May 2002. <mask> Correspondence 1885–1915, Getty Research Institute
Digitized books from the architecture collection of AMS Historica, the digital library of the University of Bologna. Einige skizzen 1, Wien, 1905.Einige skizzen 2, Wien, 1905. Einige skizzen 3, Wien, 1905. Ecclesiastical architects
Modernist architects
People from Penzing (Vienna)
1841 births
1918 deaths
Historicist architects
Academy of Fine Arts Vienna faculty
Vienna Secession architects

19th-century Austrian architects
20th-century Austrian architects
Architects from Vienna
Austrian furniture

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Otto Wagner
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<mask> (born August 28, 1961) is an American conceptual artist best known for his use of scientific presentations in his installations. His work examines the manner in which prevalent ideologies and institutions influence our understanding of history, knowledge and the natural world. The job of the artist, according to him, is to "go against the grain of dominant culture, to challenge perception and convention." By locating the roots of environmental politics and public policy in the construction of knowledge about nature, <mask> questions the objectivity and authoritative role of the scientific voice in contemporary society, tracking how pseudo-science, social agendas and ideology creep into public discourse and knowledge production. Some of his well known works include Neukom Vivarium(2006), a permanent outdoor installation and learning lab for the Olympic Sculpture Park in Seattle, WA. Early life and beginnings
<mask> was born in August 28, 1961, New Bedford, Massachusetts, to a working-class family. He spent his early childhood in New Bedford before relocating to Fairhaven, Massachusetts, where he was mostly raised.<mask> credits the museums and historical architecture in both towns, such as the New Bedford whaling museum, in helping spark his interests. <mask> began attending the University of Hartford Art School in 1981. He concurrently took classes at the School of Visual arts in New York from 1983 till 1984 and later participated at the one-year Independent Study Program of the Whitney Museum of American Art, where he studied with conceptual artists Joseph Kosuth and Hans Hacke, and media artist Barbara Kruger. There, he was encouraged by faculty to utilize interdisciplinary approaches that would afford a unity of his wide-ranging interests, and he began creating installations inspired by his passion for research and collecting. <mask> took classes in biology at City College and attended several reading seminars to develop a concrete science foundation. He worked with fellow students Gregg Bourdowitz, Jason Simon, Craig Owens. <mask> experienced financial issues while attending school, leading him to work thirty hours a week as an art conservator in SoHo, Manhattan that specialized in nineteenth century American art.Although, <mask> credits his time there as helping him see representations as objects, saying "Working in the studio, one would see an object in the middle of its life. I found that incredibly interesting." <mask> received his Bachelors of Fine Arts from the degree in 1986. <mask> has received several Honorary degrees, including an honorary doctorate in Philosophy from the University of Hartford in 2003, an Honorary Fellowship of the Falmouth University (2014) and an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters (Ph.D.) from the Wagner Free Institute of Science in Philadelphia (2015). Career
<mask> worked on several small projects like The Department of Marine Animal identification of the City of New York (Chinatown division), which gave way to his big collaborations with the Wexner Center for the Arts at Ohio State University and the Weisman Art Museum at the University of Minnesota. Tate Thames Digs at the Tate Gallery (1999)
One of <mask>'s first big projects was with the Tate Britain in London. As part of Tate Modern's re-opening programme, <mask> and a team of volunteers combed the shore of the river at Bankside in front of Tate Modern, and at Millbank, opposite Tate Britain, in search of artifacts and ephemeral buried beneath the mud and gravel of its beaches.A wide variety of objects and fragments were uncovered, ranging from clay pipes, oyster shells and cattle teeth to plastic toys and shoes. The more unusual finds included a bottle containing a letter in Arabic script, pieces of Bartmann jugs and a fragment of human shinbone. "Archaeologists tents" were then set up on the lawn outside Tate Britain, where each item was meticulously cleaned and identified by professionals including Museum of London staff, Thames River Police and ecologists. Once collected and processed <mask> created an artwork from the objects and artefacts. The finds are presented as an installation, arranged in a mahogany cabinet alongside photographs of the beachcombers and tidal flow charts. First shown at the Tate Gallery as an Art Now installation between October 1999 and January 2000, the finds for Tate Thames Dig are presented according to location in a double-sided old-fashioned mahogany cabinet, alongside photographs of the beachcombers and tidal flow charts. There are also five 'treasure chests' which contain larger items, but which are not part of this work.Organised loosely according to type (such as bones, glassware, pottery, metal objects), the viewer finds them in seemingly unhistorical and largely uninterpreted arrangements. Antique items sit alongside contemporary items, ephemera and detritus are next to objects of value. Each is a material witness, performing the same function as a historical proof. This lack of distinction is an important aspect of <mask>'s approach and he resists the reading of history as a necessarily linear progression. The only differentiation is a geographical one, the two sites retaining their individual identities. The lack of historical categorisation suggests a subversion of standard museological practice. Viewers are free to create their own associations, to trace histories across time, not necessarily in a linear direction.New England Digs (2001)
In 2001, assisted by students at Brown University and the Rhode Island School of Design, <mask> conducted excavations in a garbage heap on the edge of Seekonk River, a burned down 19th century waterfront sight along the Narragansett Bay, in New Bedford, and a dump alongside the edge of a cemetery in Brockton, Massachusetts. The group along with <mask> unearthed and collected a plethora of items and contemporary artifacts, all of which were cleaned, categorized and complied into an exhibition named the New England Digs. The material culture unearthed in New England Digs yielded three unique yet related assemblages, pointing to regional legacies of economic vitality—New Bedford was once a major whaling hub, Providence was a booming trade center and producer of jewelry, and Brockton was the shoe capital of the world—as well as their decline. But in <mask>’s quintessential style, historically significant finds are democratically mingled with refuse and it all looks stunning. “There is a long history of using trash in modern art,” <mask> has stated, “but here objects are allowed to exist as what they are or were, without metaphor, noninterpretive, not even archaeological. Cabinets of Curiosity at the Weisman Art Museum (2001)
In 2001, <mask> collaborated with some few students from the University of Minnesota and Colleen. J. Sheehy, director of Weisman Art Museum, to present an exhibition based on the Cabinets of Curiosities exhibit he had done for the Wexner Center for the Arts at the Ohio state university in 1997.The project spanned from February through May 2001. Rescue Archeology: A Project for The Museum of Modern Art (2004)
In the year 2000, The Museum of Modern Art's sculpture garden underwent an extensive rebuilding project. The garden was disassembled and the land was excavated to a depth of fifteen feet. <mask> lead the series of archaeological digs in the garden, recovering a pillar and fragments of the limestone foundation from the nine-story townhouse. A month later he scavenged again in the garden, as well as in the hollowed-out brownstones adjoining the Museum to the west and in the newly demolished Dorset Hotel. His findings included historical artifacts such as cornices, moldings, shards of ceramic and glass, sections of fireplace mantels, wallpaper pieces, and bricks from distinct phases of the Museum’s expansion, as well as more recent ephemera, including the remains of Bruce Nauman’s Audio-Visual Underground Chamber (1972–74), which was installed in the garden as part of the artist’s 1995 retrospective. A series of six fireplace mantels salvaged from the brownstones adjacent to the Museum and fully restored by the <mask>, are intended to refer to the living room of Abby and John D. Rockefeller, Jr., renowned for its warmth and intimacy.A custom-made cabinet presents objects cleaned and classified not by scientific criteria but by the artist’s logic; visitors are invited to peruse its contents and appreciate its odd organizational paradigms. Finally, a functional laboratory and a group of photographs recording <mask>’s behind-the-scenes archaeological “performance,” as he calls it, reveal an interest in experimentation and process that balances his investment in the finished product. Neukom Vivarium (2006)
The Neukom Vivarium is considered one of <mask>’s most notable works. It is a permanent installation located in the Olympic Sculpture Park in Seattle, Washington. <mask> utilized a 60-foot  a fallen Western Hemlock tree as the nurse log inside an 80-foot greenhouse. The tree “inhabits an art system,” according to the Seattle Art Museum. By “inhabits,” they mean insects, fungi, lichen, and other plants.Visitors are provided with magnifying glasses and field guides if they find a creature particularly attention-grabbing. By virtue of being organic, Neukom Vivarium is an ever-evolving piece. Bacteria and mushrooms appearing one day may be replaced with moss and bugs the very next. Miami Art Museum (2006)
In 2006, <mask> conducted a large installation at the South Florida Wildlife Rescue Unit that focused on the Everglades and human attempts to control the South Florida ecosystem. Interweaving the diverse disciplines of art, science, ecology, history, and archeology, <mask>’s project consists of three parts, corresponding to the three major periods of Everglades history: exploration (late 1700s – mid 1800s); exploitation (mid-1800s – early 20th century); and preservation and restoration (mid-20th century – the present). The largest component of the installation features a facsimile of a vehicle and equipment belonging to an imaginary agency that rushes into vulnerable ecosystems to save threatened plants and animals: the South Florida Wildlife Rescue Unit. The second portion of the installation is a series of reproductions of vintage photographs taken in the early decades of the 20th century by John Kunkel Small, a curator of the New York Botanical Garden who identified numerous plant species in the Everglades and authored a scathing book entitled From Eden to Sahara: Florida’s Tragedy, which documented the changes wrought by dredging and draining the area.The third portion consists of a vitrine containing artifacts, including a book of pressed specimens, the Herbarium Perrine (Marine Algae), purportedly belonging to 19th century botanist and early Florida settler Henry Perrine. Perrine was partly responsible for the overzealous introduction of foreign plant species to the area, which now poses one of the gravest threats to the ecosystem. Like the installation’s vehicle, the vitrine and its components are a fiction invented by the artist. Solo exhibitions
His works include Follies at Storm King Sculpture Park (2019), Theatre of the Natural World at the Whitechapel Gallery, London (2018), Misadventures of a 21st Century Naturalist at the Institute of Contemporary Art Boston (2017), <mask>: The Academy of Things at The Academy of Fine Arts Design in Dresden, Germany (2014), The Macabre Treasuryat Museum Het Domein in Sittard, The Netherlands (2013), Oceanomania: Souvenirs of Mysterious Seas at Musée Océanographique de Monaco and Nouveau Musée National de Monaco / Villa Paloma in Monaco (2011), The Marvelous Museum: A <mask> Project at Oakland Museum of California (2010–11), Systema Metropolis at Natural History Museum, London (2007), The South Florida Wildlife Rescue Unit at Miami Art Museum (2006), Rescue Archaeology, a project for the Museum of Modern Art (2004), and his renowned Tate Thames Dig at the Tate Gallery in London (1999). Other works
In 2012, <mask>'s work was included in dOCUMENTA 13, curated by Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev in Kassel, Germany, and has also been exhibited at MoMA PS1 in New York, Guggenheim Bilbao, Minneapolis Institute of Art, Tate Gallery, and the Museum of Modern Art. The artist has also completed other public commissions which include Den, a site-specific installation for the National Tourist Routes in Norway (2012), An Archaeology of Knowledge for Johns Hopkins University (2012), and Ship in a Bottle for Port of Los Angeles Waterfront (2011). In recent years
<mask> resides with his wife, artist Dana Sherwood, in Copake, New York, and continues to conducts his works worldwide.He currently mentors at Columbia University and is co-director of Mildred's Lane, a visual art education and residency program in Beach Lake, Pennsylvania. He continues to make frequent collaborations with museums of natural history, aquariums, zoos and other institutions mandated to produce public knowledge on the topic of nature. <mask> is the subject of a monograph published by Phaidon and a documentary on the PBS series art:21. In 2015, <mask> visited Colgate University to conduct works shops and lectures with students and faculty. Awards and nominations
<mask> received the ninth annual Larry Aldrich Foundation Award (2001), The Joan Mitchell Foundation Award (2007), the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Lucida Art Award (2008), and a Guggenheim Fellowship (2019). References

Further reading
 <mask>, <mask>, and Colleen J. Sheehy. Cabinet of Curiosities: <mask> and the University As Installation.Catalog of an exhibition at the Weisman Art Museum from Feb. 24 to May 27, 2001. Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 2006 (in libraries)
 <mask>, <mask>, Petra Lange-Berndt, Dietmar Rübel, Katherine Vanovitch, and Thea Miklowski. <mask>: The Academy of Things = Die Akademie der Dinge. Köln: König, 2015 (in libraries)

External links
 Review by Roberta Smith, New York Times, of <mask>'s 2013 gallery exhibition at Tanya Bonakdar Gallery
 Interview with <mask>, March 22, 2013, Artforum.com
 Preview of interview with <mask>, Artforum, September 2012 (subscription required to view full article)

1961 births
Living people
American installation artists
Artists from Massachusetts
Columbia University faculty
People from New Bedford, Massachusetts
University of Hartford alumni
American conceptual artists

masks:
Mark Dion
Dion
Dion
Dion
Dion
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Dion
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Mark Dion
Dion
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Anderson Luís de Souza (born 27 August 1977), known as <mask> (), is a Brazilian-born Portuguese sports agent and retired professional footballer who primarily played as an attacking or central midfielder. After an illustrious playing career he started D20 Sports, an agency that specializes in managing Brazilian and Portuguese footballers. Deco is regarded as one of the best players of his generation. <mask> is one of the few players to have won the UEFA Champions League with two clubs, with Porto in 2004 and Barcelona in 2006. He was named UEFA Club Footballer of the Year and UEFA Best Midfielder in Porto's Champions League-winning season and was named Man of the Match in the 2004 UEFA Champions League Final. <mask> was the first player to win the UEFA Best Midfielder Award with two clubs, Porto and Barcelona. He was awarded the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball and the Man of the Match award in the final despite losing to Internacional.Born and raised in Brazil, <mask> received Portuguese citizenship in 2002 having completed five years of Portuguese residence, and subsequently opted to play internationally for the Portugal national team. He earned 75 caps for them, playing at two UEFA European Championships and two FIFA World Cups, reaching the final of Euro 2004, and achieving a fourth-place finish at the 2006 World Cup. Club career

Early career
Born in São Bernardo do Campo, Deco spent time at Corinthians as a youngster, competing in the Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior for them. In the 1997 edition, Benfica sent Toni to scout the tournament, and he soon noticed <mask>, recommending his signing. In June 1997, Benfica purchased his rights from CSA and immediately sent him on loan (along with fellow Brazilian Caju) to their farm team, Alverca. After helping them win promotion to the top tier in 1997–98 season by scoring 13 goals in 32 appearances, he returned to Benfica in July 1998. However, he left for Salgueiros in exchange for Nandinho, who went in the opposite direction.When asked by Nuno Gomes in an interview for FourFourTwo why he did not stay and become a legend at Benfica, <mask> said, "Benfica decided, it wasn't my decision. They didn't want me. The coach was Graeme Souness at the time. I was young and Benfica needed some players." At Salgueiros, Deco was plagued by injuries and only made a few appearances, until Porto purchased him in March 1999, in time to win the league title. His release from Benfica and subsequent success with Porto was considered by António Simões as an "historical mistake", while Toni stated he saw in <mask>, a successor for Rui Costa the club needed since his departure. Porto
In his first season with Porto, <mask> scored a goal after just 30.08 seconds in a 1–0 away win against Molde in the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League.Under the guidance of manager José Mourinho, <mask> was given the role of leading an ambitious Porto team. A key figure in the 2002–03 season, he scored 10 goals in 30 matches and received 17 yellow cards and 1 red card. <mask> was one of the key players in Porto's UEFA Cup final 3–2 win over Celtic that year. In the 2003–04 season, <mask> helped Porto recapture the national title and led the team to the 2004 UEFA Champions League Final, in which Porto won 3–0 over Monaco, scoring the second goal of the match. He was the UEFA Champions League's top assist provider and also suffered the most fouls in the Champions League that season. That season, <mask> also won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year as well as the award for the best midfielder in the competition. Barcelona

On 17 June 2004, <mask> told a Portuguese radio station he would almost certainly join English side Chelsea (then coached by José Mourinho) following UEFA Euro 2004.He said a transfer deal between Porto and Chelsea had been all but finalised, and that the only remaining steps were passing a physical examination and signing a formal contract with Chelsea. However, on 26 June 2004, <mask> told the Portuguese sports daily O Jogo he would rather move to Barcelona than follow Mourinho to Chelsea. While Bayern Munich gave up on <mask> after the Chelsea deal seemed to have been concluded, it was still uncertain whether the German side would make a new bid. The best offer at that time was a €21 million bid from Barça, but this figure was still €4 million short of the request by Porto's board of directors. Portuguese newspapers then reported Barça would try to offer Portuguese winger Ricardo Quaresma as part of the exchange in order to ease the deal. Finally, a deal was achieved between Porto and Barcelona the day after the Euro 2004 final. Barcelona agreed on a €15 million fee in cash, plus the complete rights of Quaresma to Porto, which tagged Quaresma for €6 million.<mask> signed a four-year deal with the Catalan side on 6 July 2004. In Barcelona, some suggested <mask> would be completely eclipsed by Brazilian star Ronaldinho (a duo that according to Luiz Felipe Scolari "can make rain fall"). Indeed, many Barcelona fans met the transfer with raised eyebrows, as Deco was considered an attacking midfielder, a department which was already well covered. Instead, coach Frank Rijkaard used him in a three-man midfield, where his tactical knowledge, passing abilities and enormous work rate surprised many. In December 2004, he came second in France Footballs Ballon d'Or 2004 award, losing to Andriy Shevchenko and beating teammate Ronaldinho by six votes. On 14 May 2005, <mask> played in the draw against Levante, which gave Barcelona their 17th La Liga title. He also was named Barcelona's player of the season in the 2005–06 season.<mask> scored twice in the 2006 Supercopa de España, which Barça won. <mask> won the UEFA Best Midfielder Award yet again for his performance in Barça's UEFA Champions League-winning season, enabling him to join the exclusive group of players that have won the same award more than once with different teams, having won the Champions League previously with Porto. He was also awarded the Golden Ball at the FIFA Club World Cup and the Man of the Match award, despite losing the final to Internacional. Chelsea
On 30 June 2008, Chelsea signed <mask> from Barcelona on a three-year contract for €10 million (£8 million). He was the first signing of new Chelsea coach Luiz Felipe Scolari, who was formerly the head coach of the Portugal National Football Team. <mask> scored on his Chelsea debut and his Premier League debut with a 30-yard goal in a 4–0 victory over Portsmouth. <mask> followed up his performance by scoring in his second game for Chelsea, a curling free-kick against Wigan Athletic.These performances led to him winning the Premier League Player of the Month award for August. <mask> made his UEFA Champions League debut for Chelsea on 16 September. <mask> injured himself during a training session, but he returned from the thigh injury on 19 October and came on as a substitute against Middlesbrough. He was sent off in the 3–1 defeat by Roma on 4 November 2008. He then scored a bicycle kick against Bolton Wanderers on 6 December. <mask> eventually lost his place in the 2008–09 starting line up, due in part to some poor performances, but also to the sacking of Scolari. In a June interview, <mask> said, "I do not want to stay.I have not liked my experience at Chelsea." This was soon followed by Internazionale, managed by former Chelsea manager José Mourinho, declaring Inter was attempting to sign Deco along with fellow countryman Ricardo Carvalho, who had also declared his desire to leave and, like <mask>, desired to link-up with Mourinho again. Both players previously played under Mourinho at Porto. However, Inter club president Massimo Moratti ruled out signing either of the Portuguese internationals on the basis of their age, telling Gazzetta dello Sport, "Deco and Carvalho? They are two champions but at this time I don't feel there's a need to buy them." Soon after, <mask> said he would be willing to stay at Chelsea for at least the remainder of his contract, but he said things must change from his first season there. After talks with new Chelsea manager Carlo Ancelotti, Deco said he was very happy at the club and wanted to show everyone what he could do.He started on the bench in the 2009 FA Community Shield against Manchester United. <mask> himself stepped up to take the winning penalty for Chelsea, but was not allowed as Salomon Kalou was placed before him on the list handed to the referee. <mask> had an excellent start to the new campaign. He came on as a second-half substitute in the first match of the new season for Chelsea against Hull City and assisted Didier Drogba, who scored in injury time. <mask> scored in the next match with a 3–1 win over Sunderland with a powerful right-footed shot which came off the inside of the post from outside of the penalty area. He made his 100th UEFA Champions League appearance against Atlético Madrid, joining only 13 other players to have achieved as many appearances. <mask> scored his second goal of the season in a League Cup tie against Bolton Wanderers with a shot from 16 yards into the bottom right-hand corner of the goal.He added to his goal tally the very next match, again against Bolton, with a curling left-footer from inside the penalty box. <mask> was a consistent player for Chelsea throughout the autumn period but injuries halted his season throughout the Christmas period. He returned in games against Preston North End, Hull City and Birmingham City, but then incurred another injury. <mask> made his first start after injury in the 5–0 win away at Portsmouth, and his header forward set up Didier Drogba for Chelsea's first goal. <mask> gave an impressive display in Chelsea's 7–1 win over Aston Villa, creating chances for his teammates and helping Chelsea's midfield flow. He provided a key pass for Chelsea's third goal of the match, skilfully working past a Villa defender and playing a clever ball with the outside of his right foot to Yuri Zhirkov, whose cross fell to Florent Malouda, who scored. <mask> started in Chelsea's potential title decider against Manchester United at Old Trafford alongside fellow midfielders Frank Lampard and Mikel John Obi.He made several accurate passes to advancing teammates and also provided a key delivery to Malouda, who set up Joe Cole for the opening goal in Chelsea's 2–1 win. He played an instrumental role in helping Chelsea win the Double in 2009–10, winning his first Premier League title and his successive FA Cup winners' medal. Fluminense
On 6 August 2010, <mask> signed a two-year contract with Brazilian club Fluminense on a free transfer, joining former Chelsea and Barcelona teammate Juliano Belletti. On 26 August 2013, <mask> retired, ending a 17-year career. The decision came on the day before his 36th birthday. His final match was four days prior, against Goiás. Playing for Fluminense, <mask> won the Campeonato Brasileiro in 2010 and 2012.<mask> also failed a drug test during his stay with Fluminense. In 2014, it was found that the result may have been due to a false positive or the contamination of the container of the urine sample. The Brazilian Football Confederation and <mask> agreed to settle the case, and <mask> was found not guilty of doping. International career

<mask> was never called up to the Brazil national team, as the Brazil squad for the 2002 FIFA World Cup included other attacking midfielders such as Ronaldinho, Rivaldo and Juninho. After completing six years of residence in Portugal, he was able to gain Portuguese citizenship and play for their national team. As none of his great-grandparents, grandparents or parents were Portuguese, under FIFA's player eligibility rules  his citizenship was the only factor to allow him to play for Portugal. He was subsequently mentioned several times in the media as an option for the Portugal national team.After many months of public discussion which split Portuguese public opinion, and despite the opposition of a large number of Porto rivals' supporters, he was called up for his first international, coincidentally against Brazil. He came on as a substitute for Sérgio Conceição and scored the free-kick which won the match 2–1. This was Portugal's first win over Brazil since the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Since that match, he became a regular in the national team. Before UEFA Euro 2004, Luís Figo criticised <mask>'s inclusion and said, "Se você nasceu chinês, bem, você tem que jogar pela China." (English: "If you're born Chinese, well, you have to play for China.") Deco responded, "Eu nasci no Brasil e seria uma mentira dizer que sou português agora e não brasileiro.Mas amo Portugal e adoro jogar pela seleção." (English:"I was born in Brazil and it would be a lie to say that I'm Portuguese now and not Brazilian. But I love Portugal and I love playing for the national team.") Despite the early criticism, <mask> was one of the highlights of the Portugal national team. He scored 5 goals in 75 caps for Portugal by June 2010, when his international career ended after the second-round defeat to Spain at the 2010 World Cup. 2006 World Cup
In the 2006 World Cup, <mask> scored the first goal in Portugal's second Group D match against Iran in the 63rd minute prior to Cristiano Ronaldo's 80th-minute penalty. During the first knockout stage of the competition, <mask> received two yellow cards in the match against the Netherlands with the first given for a rash tackle on John Heitinga, suspending him from the quarter-final win against England, as he had already picked up a caution in the match with Iran.The win against England in the quarter-final stage led to Portugal's defeat in the semi-final, which <mask> was able to participate in. Euro 2008
On 11 June, <mask> scored the opening goal in Portugal's second match of Euro 2008, a Group A clash with the Czech Republic. The match ended 3–1 to Portugal, with <mask> aiding his team in their passage to the quarter-finals where Portugal's campaign came to an end against Germany, the eventual runners-up of the tournament. In February 2010, <mask> announced he would be retiring from international football after the 2010 World Cup. 2010 World Cup
<mask> played for Portugal in their opening game against the Ivory Coast. During the match, he was injured and was ruled out of the remaining two group matches, against North Korea and Brazil. He was fit again for the round of 16 match against Spain, but Portugal head coach Carlos Queiroz chose Tiago over <mask>.<mask> retired from international football with 75 caps and 5 goals. Style of play
<mask> was a versatile, tactically intelligent and creative midfielder with excellent vision and technical ability. A generous and hard-working team-player, he was capable of playing in several midfield positions. He was initially deployed as a central midfielder under manager José Mourinho during his time with Porto, although he was also capable of playing as an attacking midfielder, as a deep-lying playmaker or as a winger on either flank. Although he lacked pace as well as notable physical, defensive and athletic attributes, he possessed good stamina, as well as excellent ball control, dribbling skills, passing range and crossing ability, which allowed him to beat players, find space and create chances for teammates. A diminutive midfielder, in later years, as he lost his acceleration, agility and mobility, he also underwent a physical development, which, along with his balance, enabled him to protect the ball against larger opponents. In addition to his creative duties, <mask> was also capable of contributing offensively with occasional goals due to his accurate mid-range shooting ability, and his adeptness at free-kicks.Despite his talent, <mask> was also known to be injury-prone and inconsistent at times, and was also accused of drifting in and out of matches. Furthermore, his work-rate and fitness were often brought into question in his later career. <mask> was also well known for his tendency to commit tactical fouls, and he was accused of diving throughout his career. Personal life
When <mask> started his European career in 1997, his first wife Cila, whom he had met three years earlier, moved to Portugal with him. <mask> and Cila have two sons, João Henrique and Pedro Gabriel, who now live in Brazil with their mother. A few years later, <mask> met Jaciara at a party in Salvador, Brazil, and divorced Cila to live with Jaciara in Porto. They married in April 2005 and now have a son, David, and a daughter, Yasmin.They announced their divorce in March 2008. In 2009, he married to his ex-girlfriend Ana Paula and she gave birth to his fifth child, a daughter, Sofia. <mask> is the brother-in-law of fellow footballer Alecsandro, who plays for Coritiba Foot Ball Club, and Richarlyson. Deco is an ambassador for the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation. He also has a charitable organisation, the Deco Institute, based in the Brazilian city of Indaiatuba, near São Paulo, where he grew up. Media
Deco features in EA Sports' FIFA football video game series. He was included in the Ultimate Team Legends in FIFA 16.Career statistics
Club
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition. International
National team appearances and goals listed by year.International goalsScores and results list Portugal's goal tally first. Benfica footballers
F.C. Alverca players
S.C. Salgueiros players
FC Porto players
FC Barcelona players
Chelsea F.C. players
Fluminense FC players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Primeira Liga players
La Liga players
Premier League players
UEFA Champions League winning players
UEFA Cup winning players
Portugal international footballers
UEFA Euro 2004 players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2008 players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Brazilian expatriate footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in England
Portuguese expatriate footballers
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in England
Brazilian emigrants to Portugal
Naturalised citizens of Portugal

masks: Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco Deco


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<mask> (born June 29, 1986) is the ring name of a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler  for his time working for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) as Bengala. <mask> is the son of Luchador El Texano and the brother of El Texano, Jr. in addition to being the cousin of another Luchador called Mictlán. <mask>'s real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. Only his paternal and maternal surnames are a matter of public record, Aguilar Leos, as his brother's real name, Juan Aguilar Leos, is publicly known. Professional wrestling career
<mask> grew up watching his father, El Texano, wrestle in Mexico, the United States, and Japan and later also saw his brother El Texano, Jr. turn professional in 1999. After training under his father as well as Vaquero and El Satánico for more than a year he made his debut in October 2002 as the enmascarado character "Spider Boy" (with an outfit that looked a lot like the Spider-Man character). He worked as "Spider Kid" from 2002 until 2006, then briefly as "Spider Boy" before changing his name and outfit to "Super Nova", the ring persona he's best known as today, as he began working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) full-time.In 2007 <mask> was one of the 16 men involved in the 2007 Reyes del Aire ("Kings of the air") Torneo cibernetico but did not win the match. Later in 2007 <mask> participated in that year's Gran Alternativa tag team tournament. <mask> teamed with the veteran Heavy Metal, losing to eventual winners Místico and La Sombra in the first round of the tournament. In 2008 <mask> began touring Europe, especially Italy, with Nu-Wrestling Evolution (NWE) while also wrestling for CMLL in Mexico. On April 19, 2008, he participated in a match to crown the inaugural NWE Cruiserweight Champion, losing to Juventud Guerrera in a match that also included Matt Cross and Pac. The following day <mask> defeated Pac. By mid-2008, <mask> left CMLL to work with NWE and to work on the Mexican independent circuit.He toured with NWE throughout 2008, at one point teaming with Último Dragón to defeat Dark Dragon and Spade-O. In late 2008 <mask> began working for the newly formed Perros del Mal Producciones wrestling promotion, teaming with Black Spirit and Turbo on Los Perros' debut show to defeat Black Thunder, Cerebro Negro and X-Fly. Throughout 2009 <mask> made regular appearances for both NWE and Perros del Mal Producciones. On November 13, 2011, <mask> won a six-way elimination match to become the new Perros del Mal Light Heavyweight Champion. When <mask>'s brother, El Texano, Jr., jumped from CMLL to Perros del Mal Producciones in November 2011, both of the brothers joined Los Perros del Mal at an International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) event on December 8. However, this partnership was soon forgotten as El Texano, Jr. went on to form a new stable named El Consejo. On March 10, El Texano, Jr. helped <mask> retain the Perros del Mal Light Heavyweight Championship against Daga and afterward invited him to join El Consejo.<mask>, however, refused the offer, saying he did not need anyone's help. On March 13, <mask>, Bestia 666, Damián 666, Halloween and X-Fly announced they had quit Perros del Mal Producciones and were forming their own group of independent wrestlers, named La Familia de Tijuana. In quitting the Perros del Mal Producciones, <mask> also vacated the Perros del Mal Light Heavyweight Championship. On December 14, 2009, <mask> worked a "try out" match for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) alongside Incognito. Both of them worked without their masks on, with <mask> being billed as Julio Cruz. <mask> wrestled the entire match on his own, never tagging in his partner. Shortly after the match it was announced that Incognito had signed a developmental deal with WWE following his try out match.In January 2010, it was reported that <mask> had been signed to a WWE developmental contract as well and would start in WWE's Farm League Florida Championship Wrestling as soon as he fulfilled his previous contractual obligations but he never actually worked for the WWE and no explanation was given. In 2011, <mask> began working for the Lucha Libre USA promotion as a member of The Latin Liberators with Magno and Rocky Romero. On August 23, 2015 Golden Magic lost the IWRG Junior de Junior Championship to Golden Magic, followed by a challenge for <mask> and Golden Magic to put their masks on the line at a future date. In 2016, <mask> began working for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) under a mask as "Bengala", a character previously portrayed by Ricky Marvin. On July 8, 2019, <mask> announced his departure from the company after three years with AAA to continue with the character of "<mask>" on the independent circuit. Personal life
<mask> is the youngest son of Juan Conrado Aguilar Jáuregui better known by his ring name El Texano, who wrestled from 1972 until his death in 2006. His brother, Juan Aguilar Leos, is also a professional wrestler, using the ring name El Texano, Jr. after his father.<mask>'s cousin, Jonathan de Jesus Navarro Gimenez, is also a wrestler, working under the ring name Mictlán. Not to be mistaken for
Several wrestlers have at one point in their wrestling career worked under the ring name "Super Nova"

Mike Bucci – used the name "<mask>" for several years in Extreme Championship Wrestling
Mike Segura – The original <mask> in AAA, the first Mexican to use the name
Super Nova II – An unidentified wrestler briefly replaced Mike Segura as Super Nova
Kevin – Briefly took over the role of <mask> in AAA. A luchador of Guadalajara, remained unknown, used the identity of <mask>. <mask> – the current Luchador Super Nova, sometimes notes as "Super Nova III" but billed as "Super Nova" in all official promotional material

Championships and accomplishments
International Wrestling Revolution Group
IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship (1 time)
El Protector (2014) – with Electro Boy
Rebelión de los Juniors (2014)
Perros del Mal Producciones
Perros del Mal Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Other titles
UWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Xtreme Warriors Wrestling
XWW Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)

Luchas de Apuestas record

Footnotes

References

1986 births
Living people
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Jalisco
People from Guadalajara, Jalisco

masks:
Sper Nova
Super Nova
Sper Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova
Super Nova


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<mask> (February 11, 1748 – October 28, 1810) was an American soldier and statesman from Virginia. During the American Revolutionary War he became a lieutenant colonel of artillery in the Continental Army. He distinguished himself as quartermaster general in General Nathanael Greene’s southern campaign. He commanded artillery at Monmouth and Yorktown. He was also present at Cowpens, Guilford Court House, and Hobkirk's Hill. During the war he became a close friend of George Washington. <mask> served in the 3rd Continental Congress and was the first US Marshal appointed from his state.He was an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati. Family
<mask> was born on February 11, 1748, on Boston Hill Plantation near the town of Cartersville in old Goochland County, Virginia, later split off into Cumberland County, Virginia. He was the eighth of the 11 children of <mask> and Anne Mayo. His father George arrived in Virginia in 1727 from Barbados and married Anne around 1732 when he was 21 and she was 20. <mask>'s oldest brother <mask> became an eminent jurist. <mask> married Elizabeth Jaquelin Ambler <mask> (1765–1842) and the couple had no children. He was Elizabeth's second husband; her first husband William Brent died.She co-founded the Female Humane Association around 1805 to aid homeless girls and young women, it is now known as the Memorial Foundation for Children. Revolutionary War

1775–1777
<mask> studied the law and opened a law practice. He also managed a plantation in southern Virginia. In 1775–76 he became a member of the Goochland County Revolutionary Committee. On December 1, 1775, the state of Virginia established an artillery company. On February 13, 1776, the state authorities appointed James Innes the captain and Charles Harrison, Samuel Denney, and <mask> as lieutenants. the Continental Congress accepted the artillery unit into the Continental Army on March 19 and requested a second company from Virginia to be formed.Innes soon transferred to the infantry. In late 1776, George Washington ordered his artillery chief Henry Knox to begin organizing three artillery regiments to support the Continental Army. Harrison's Continental Artillery Regiment was authorized on 26 November 1776 and assigned to the Southern Department. The regiment was to expand from the two existing companies to a total of ten companies. Harrison was appointed the regiment's colonel while <mask> became lieutenant colonel and second in command. Each company consisted of four officers, one sergeant, four corporals, four bombardiers, eight gunners, and 48 matrosses. The regiment garrisoned Virginia during 1777.1778–1780
On March 13, 1778, Harrison's Regiment was transferred to the main army. Carrington performed with distinction in the Battle of Monmouth on June 28. Beginning in the early afternoon and continuing for two hours, 10–14 American field guns dueled with eight British cannons and two howitzers. Carrington's guns were placed on the American left flank under William Alexander, Lord Stirling's command. On August 10, 1779, Harrison's Regiment was renamed the 1st Continental Artillery Regiment. In March 1780, <mask> served with Arthur St. Clair, and Alexander Hamilton as commissioners for a prisoner exchange. On April 17, 1780, the 1st Artillery Regiment was assigned to the Southern Department.<mask> was sent south in command of three artillery companies with Johann de Kalb's forces. Harrison unexpectedly joined De Kalb and assumed command of the gunners when the force reached North Carolina, leaving Carrington unemployed. On July 25, Horatio Gates superseded De Kalb in command and gave <mask> a new assignment. Gates ordered him to investigate the best points to cross the Roanoke River for supplying the American forces and finding the best retreat routes. The American army led by Gates was smashed in the Battle of Camden on August 16, 1780. Nathanael Greene assumed command of the American southern army on December 3. The new leader ordered <mask> to continue reconnoitering possible routes of withdrawal, an action that historian Mark M. Boatner III wrote would "prove decisive".Greene split his army into three parts: 600 led by Daniel Morgan, 1,100 under Isaac Huger at Cheraw, South Carolina, and light troops commanded by "Light Horse" Harry Lee. Greene appointed <mask> the quartermaster general. At that time there was no money in the military chest, yet the army was kept supplied. Among his new duties was an examination of the Dan River which is the southern branch of the Roanoke. Lee later wrote a glowing account of <mask>'s successful execution of this duty. 1781–1783
Historian Boatner believed that, "this advance planning enabled <mask> to propose a course of action that probably saved the Southern army". On January 17, 1781, in the Battle of Cowpens, an 1,100-man American force under Morgan wrecked an equal-sized British force led by Banastre Tarleton.The Americans inflicted losses of 100 killed, 229 wounded, and 600 captured on the British while reporting only 12 killed and 60 wounded. <mask> was present at the battle. Sending his column of prisoners to Virginia, Morgan quickly left the scene of his stunning triumph and raced to join Greene's forces. Greene realized that Lord Charles Cornwallis would soon be after Morgan with the main British army. He decided to retreat toward Virginia in the hope that Cornwallis would follow. Greene ordered <mask> to assemble boats on the Dan River and instructed his separate columns under Morgan, Lee, and Huger to head north for a rendezvous. On February 1, 1781, Tarleton's cavalry crossed the Catawba River and dispersed the North Carolina militia in actions at Cowan's Ford and Torrence's Tavern.On February 2, Morgan found boats waiting for him at Trading Ford on the Yadkin River; that night his troops crossed. On February 7, Morgan, Huger, and Lee rendezvoused at Guilford Court House, North Carolina. At this time, both Greene and Cornwallis were roughly the same distance from Dix's Ferry on the Dan River. <mask> recommended that the American army cross the Dan  downstream at Irwin's Ferry and  farther at Boyd's Ferry. The proposal was adopted and <mask> arranged to move the boats to the downstream crossings. A 700-man rearguard was organized to hold off Cornwallis. Since Morgan insisted on leaving the army on account of his health, Otho Williams assumed command of the rearguard.On February 10, Greene's army left Guilford Court House and marched toward the two crossings suggested by Carrington,  to the northeast. For two days, Williams succeeded in blocking Cornwallis from finding out the true direction of Greene's retreat. By the morning of February 13, Tarleton had determined Greene's real line of retreat. Sending his vanguard on the same road to deceive the Americans, Cornwallis suddenly shifted his main body to a road farther east. <mask>'s boats were now all at Irwin's and Boyd's ferries, so he took command of the cavalry detachment watching the British vanguard. <mask> noted that the British vanguard had slowed down and this, combined with other intelligence, confirmed Cornwallis' change of direction. Both armies raced along with hardly a rest, the Americans trying to reach Boyd's Ferry and hold back their foes while the British tried to overrun them.At noon on February 14, Williams received a welcome message from Greene that the American main body had crossed the Dan and was safely on the north bank. At 9 pm, the last American cavalry crossed the Dan at Boyd's Ferry with Lee and <mask> in the last boat. Blocked by high water and lacking boats, Cornwallis pulled back to Hillsborough, North Carolina. <mask> was present at the Battle of Guilford Court House a few weeks later. On April 19, Greene's army approached the British force under Lord Francis Rawdon at Camden, South Carolina. Deciding that Rawdon's defenses were too strong, Greene took up a position on Hobkirk's Hill to the north of Camden. On 22 April, Greene shifted his position and sent his cannons  north to a secure location.When Greene returned to Hobkirk's Hill on 24 April, Rawdon received intelligence that the Americans were without artillery and low on food. On the morning of April 25, 1781, <mask> arrived in the American camp with the artillery and provisions. That day, Rawdon advanced and won the Battle of Hobkirk's Hill, but during its early stages he was unpleasantly surprised when Harrison's three 6-pound cannons suddenly opened fire. In July 1781, Greene granted <mask> leave to try to fill the vacancy in the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment after Thomas Proctor resigned in April. Greene filled the quartermaster general position with a deputy in case <mask> returned. During the Siege of Yorktown, <mask>, Ebenezer Stevens, and John Lamb rotated responsibility as Henry Knox's chief assistant. It is not clear if <mask> exercised direct command over Whitehead Coleman's company of the 1st Artillery or the three companies of the 4th Artillery present at Yorktown.Since he never received promotion, <mask> resumed his post as quartermaster general under Greene in the summer of 1782 and served in that capacity until the end of the war. Later career
<mask> served as treasurer at the first meeting of Virginia's Society of the Cincinnati on October 9, 1783. During the war, <mask> became a friend and confidant of George Washington. Virginia sent <mask> as a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788. (Boatner states that it was 1785–1787.) He often visited Washington at Mount Vernon during this period. After being elected president, Washington appointed <mask> as the first U.S.Marshal for Virginia, a position he held from 1789 until March 1791. He then served as Virginia's supervisor of the revenue from 1791 to 1794. The new president often sought <mask>'s advice on political matters. During his second term, President Washington offered <mask> the posts of Attorney General and Secretary of War, which were declined. In 1797, Washington wrote a letter to <mask> stating that he had just hosted the future Supreme Court Justice John Marshall. He noted that Marshall approved of an improved threshing machine by a Mr. Booker. Washington wrote that he was sending a letter to Booker and asked that <mask> forward it to that individual.In 1798, President John Adams selected <mask> to be the quartermaster general for the United States Army during the Quasi-War with France, but the position was never filled and was eliminated when normal relations were restored. In 1807, <mask> was foreman of the jury during Aaron Burr's treason trial. His brother-in-law John Marshall was the presiding judge and Burr was acquitted. <mask> died on October 28, 1810, at Richmond, Virginia. In 1775, while listening to Patrick Henry's famous "Give me liberty, or give me death!" speech while standing outside a window at St. John's Church where the speech was given, he turned to his friends and whispered, "Boys, bury me here, in this very spot!" Per his wishes, he is buried just outside that window.Notes

References

See also

1748 births
1810 deaths
Continental Army officers from Virginia
Continental Army staff officers
Continental Congressmen from Virginia
18th-century American politicians
Quartermasters
Virginia colonial people
United States Marshals

masks:
Edward Carrington
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Edward Carrington
George Carrington
Edward
Paul Carrington
Edward
Brent Carrington
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<mask>, formerly known as 1.8.7, is an American musician and producer from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She now produces and performs as Jordana. She became known in the mid-1990s as a drum and bass producer. Vibe magazine called her "one of the most respected Drum ‘n' Bass producers in the US." In 2015, she was named as one of "20 women who shaped the history of dance music" by Mixmag. She is transgender and came out in 1998. She has released over 50 tracks, including four albums, several EPs, and remixes under the alias 1.8.7.The 1997 album When Worlds Collide became known for its "dark pummeling assaults". She has licensed tracks for compilations as well as the Sci Fi Channel. Three of her albums charted in the Top 25 of both the CMJ (College Music Journal) and Mixmag U.S. (later Mixer Magazine, now defunct) for 1997 as well as 1998 and 1999. Her third album "The Cities Collection" debuted in the CMJ Top 5 climbed to the #2 position on CMJ Music Monthly's dance chart for June 2000. Her works have been reviewed by Billboard, Spin, Rolling Stone, Urb, Mixer, Mixmag, Raygun, as well as Knowledge – the U.K. Drum and Bass magazine. In 1999, she was listed in Raygun's Who's Who of International DJs.She was one of the headlining DJs on Knowledge Magazine's 28 city Kung Fu Knowledge tour in 1999. Impact on music
Her work has influenced artists such as dubstep producer Bassnectar, who heavily sampled 5 A.M. Rinse (feat. MC Sphinx), the last song on her first album When Worlds Collide for his song Here We Go of his 2010 EP and single Timestretch. Since the sexual allegations of Bassnectar have become known to her, Jordana has publicly condemned his actions as well as called out the fact that he never delivered contractually promised royalties for the above mentioned work. Additionally, electronic rock act Celldweller sampled "Wake Up" off of her first album as well as "San Francisco" off of her third album "The Cities Collection" in their 2013 song "Uncrowned". In 1999, Drum & Bass/Hip Hop producer and label owner Hive approached Jordana to remix her song Defcon-1 also off of When Worlds Collide. Hive's remix appears on his 2001 album The Raw Uncut.Jordana collaborated with Lady Sovereign on a song early in Sov's career after the two met through an internet chat room for StrikeFM.co.uk, an online radio station which Jordana had a show, and the now defunct UKGarageWorldwide.com forums. The two would later team up when Jordana under her Lady J alias, had Lady Sovereign MC for her radio show on Flex FM London. History
She first came to the attention of the music industry when she was asked to remix Blondie's "Atomic." Her remix appeared along with Armand Van Helden and Diddy’s remixes on the single. A little over a year following that release, Mac McFarlane, the promoter of the well established and legendary New York City club, Konkrete Jungle, contacted her to create a themed song for a CD compilation/mix-CD. Jordana created the song "Konkrete Jungle" for that purpose. Described by CMJ as containing "menacing hardstep attacks", it was released on the Ultra Records compilation, Konkrete Jungle - Maximum Drum & Bass, mixed by BBC Radio 1 Drum'n'Bass show host Jumpin Jack Frost.Following extensive touring throughout North America and abroad as a music producer, Liquid Sky Music, an indie label distributed by Caroline Distribution signed her to a three-album contract in late 1996. Hate crime in Ohio
On the night of February 22, 2000 in Kent, Ohio, Jordana was attacked and beaten in a hate crime by a group of men including Matthew Gostlin. Gostlin and other assailants vaulted her in the parking lot outside of the Robin Hood nightclub where she had just performed on the Cities Collection tour. The group of men attacked suddenly and Jordana lost consciousness almost immediately after being struck in the face. She suffered nerve damage to the lower part of her face as a result. She was quoted, saying in the May 2000 issue of CMJ New Music Monthly that in the seconds just prior to the attack: "I saw his face. I remember the look on his face.It was this look of utter hate" In an interview with the Village Voice, George Meesig, a man from Cleveland, Ohio who defended her during the attack, stated that Gostlin had misgendered her, saying “this is personal”. Other reports noted by the Village Voice on the message board for Breakbeat Science (a Drum'n'Bass record store) mentioned transphobic slurs being shouted during the attack. She subsequently cancelled the tour. Gostlin, while charged, was never arrested nor spent any time in court. Her family was told by the Portage County (Ohio) prosecutor's office that attempts had been made to serve the warrant but Gostlin's whereabouts were unknown. She felt that justice would not be served so she left the United States for England. Additional work in music industry
In addition to music production, Jordana is a DJ, musician and singer.From 2001 to 2002, she worked at Flex FM in London, England as Lady J, with Lady Sovereign performing for her during her radio show. In 2002, she held a club residency performing UK garage, 2-step garage and house music at the club Trinity in Vauxhall. After returning to the United States, Jordana returned to rock and fronted a goth metal band in Seattle. Prior to that, she was asked to play bass in another band briefly where she became close friends with singer Shelita Burke. She has been billed alongside Arca for Planet Zolean: Un/Tuck + Hot Mass on the Currents.FM Common Multiverse Initiative. She was featured as Mix of the Day for Resident Advisor, and recently contributed to the Daisychain Podcast. In 2014, Jordana scored the documentary Free CeCe, produced and directed by Jacqueline Gares and Laverne Cox.The documentary details the struggles of CeCe McDonald, an African-American transwoman wrongfully incarcerated for murder for defending herself against an attack on her outside a Minneapolis bar. Literary mentions
She has been featured in several books. Her success in rising from living in a "rust belt" city to being an MTV-featured electronic music artist was mentioned in "The Rise of the Creative Class" by economist Richard Florida. She appears in two books detailing American electronic dance music scene history: Michaelangelo Matos's The Underground is Massive, and Rave Culture, an Insider's Overview by Jimi Fritz and Virginia Smallfry. Monica Roberts was a close confidante and cited Jordana's influence as pushing her to expand her printed publication TransGriot to a blog in 2006. An interview with Jordana was featured in multiple books, including a book published in 2012 by rock journalist George Petros. She has spoken on her personal life in interviews for publications such as The Festival Voice, The Brooklyn Rail and href zine.Personal life
She currently lives in Seattle, Washington. Vinyl
 1995 Blondie "Atomic (The Beautiful Drum and Bass Mix)" VV58320 Chrysalis Records/EMI
 1996 RockStone Foundation "Dis Soun'" JS007 Jungle Sky
 1997 V/A – Nirvana EP "We Are Not Alone" JS114 Jungle Sky
 1997 Soul Slinger-Don't Believe "Abducted (1.8.7 Remix) JS118 Jungle Sky
 1997 Soul Slinger-Don't Believe "Ethiopia/JungleSky (1.8.7 Megamix)" JS118 Jungle Sky
 1997 1.8.7 – When Worlds Collide full-length album EP1 "Defcon 1"/"When Worlds Collide"/"Blueshift"/"Dragonfly" JSK121 Jungle Sky
 1997 1.8.7 – When Worlds Collide full-length album EP2 "Wake Up"/"Distant Storm Approaching"/"Ghetto Style"/"Ghetto Style (West Philly Mix)" JSK122 Jungle Sky
 1998 Murder 0ne (1.8.7)/T.Farmer "Annihilate"/"Memory" BOOST002 Boosted Records
 1998 This is Jungle Sky Vol. 5: Rock N Roll EP Disc 2 "Break In"/"The Return of Shaft"/"Konkrete Jungle" Jungle Sky JSK131
 1998 This is Jungle Sky Vol.