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<mask> (1902–1987) was a female artist who was born in Prague, Oklahoma Territory, and became a noted artist in Oklahoma. She graduated in 1928, from the University of Oklahoma (OU), where she majored in art. Her teachers included Oscar Jacobsen and Edith Mahier, who considered her one of their most gifted students. She earned part of the money for her education by painting murals for a restaurant in Norman, Oklahoma, and a set of panels in the women's dormitory at OU. Noted Oklahoma-born architect Bruce Goff discovered <mask>'s artistic talent one day while eating lunch at the OU women's dormitory and asked to meet the artist. They became friends and quickly began to collaborate, as he invited her to paint some murals for the Riverside Studio in Tulsa, which he was designing for a Tulsa musician. After that, he commissioned her to help decorate the Brady Theater in Tulsa (then known as the Tulsa Convention Hall).Her works at both sites have since disappeared. <mask> moved for a while in the 1930s to New York City, where she applied her artistic talent in designing utilitarian objects like place mats, textiles, radios, wallpaper and even scarves. She was then invited to attend Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesen Studio in Wisconsin, but ended her visit there after three months. She moved to Southern California and worked for a while at the start of World War II, but quit her job and opened her own design studio. During this period, she also experienced a brief marriage that apparently ended in divorce. Later, she returned to live in her mother's home in Prague, where she died in 1987. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born August 7, 1902,  in a one-room sod hut in Prague, Oklahoma to <mask>, an immigrant from Bohemia, and his wife, Emma, who was of Indian descent.She had two brothers: Carl, who was older and George, who was younger. Edvard Beneš, the second president of Czechoslovakia, was her second cousin. Her parents divorced when she was about sixteen, and she had no contact with her father after she left home for college. When <mask> <mask> enrolled in the University of Oklahoma in 1923, she initially declared her major as domestic arts. She had become proficient in embroidery, which was traditionally practiced by Czech women in her home town. She saw this as a path to learning sewing. She learned instead that domestic arts was boring and switched her major to art at the end of her first semester.<mask> said that she had only fifty dollars when she arrived at OU. An instructor, Edith Mayer, saw examples of her work and invited her to paint a mural in one of the School of Creative Design offices. This mural was an illustration of a poem titled, “Maker of Dreams.” Other faculty members who saw <mask>'s work were also impressed, and she was commissioned to create a series of 20 panels for the doors separating two dining rooms in the Women's Dormitory. She titled the work, "Pageant of Foods." Newspapers in Tulsa and Oklahoma City picked up the story, publishing complimentary articles about her work, her talent, and how she had exchanged her art for tuition and board at the University. <mask> graduated from OU in 1928 with honors and won the Leteizer Gold Medal for Art as well. Professional career

Oklahoma
In 1928, <mask> was commissioned to paint two murals in the Central High School of Oklahoma City.This building became surplus to the school district during the 1970s, and was bought in 1981 by Southwestern Bell Telephone Company, who used it for regional offices. Farmers' Union Mutual Insurance Company bought it in 2005. In 2016, the building was vacant and up for sale. The building is now occupied by the Oklahoma City University College of Law. The two murals painted by <mask> <mask> in 1928 have been found and restored, and now hang in the school's museum on the third floor of the building. During <mask>'s senior year, noted Tulsa architect, Bruce Goff, attended a luncheon at the Women's Dormitory dining room, where he noticed <mask>'s painted panels. Fascinated, he requested an opportunity to meet the artist.At the meeting, he proposed that <mask> come to Tulsa to create some murals for his current project, the Riverside Studio. <mask> agreed to do the studio after her graduation, and moved to Tulsa in the fall of 1928. The two artists' work was complementary. According to Eric Lee, Goff had designed the building as an artistic representation of music, and <mask>'s paintings were an abstract visualization of music. After completing work on the Riverside Studio, Goff invited <mask> to collaborate on a project he had been awarded to redesign the interior of Tulsa's Brady Theater, (then known as Convention Hall). <mask> created a  long asbestos fire curtain for the stage and a mural for the entrance. According to the biography by Wall, these two works, "...solidified Hrdy's understanding of abstraction and her position as a modern artist."New York
<mask> decided to expand her exposure to the art world by moving to New York City, where she lived between 1931 and 1933. She branched out into graphic design, bringing her creativity to utilitarian objects. For example, she did a series of flatware, place mats, textiles, radios, wallpaper and even scarves. Wisconsin
After New York, <mask> was invited to visit at Frank Lloyd Wright's studio at Taliesin. She remained only three months, apparently working with Wright on some projects and teaching some of his students. Her departure seemed abrupt and was never explained. Gail Kana Anderson, interim director for the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, said in a 2007 interview, "..."there is a letter in the archives expressing some kind of regret about how her stay ended."Anderson also indicated that <mask> had come to Taliesin

California
During the 1930s, <mask> moved to Southern California, where she married Ray Clair Tracy. During World War II, both <mask> and Tracy worked at Douglas Aircraft Company's Los Angeles plant. Soon she realized that the devices she was assembling were intended for killing people, and immediately quit her job. <mask> and Tracy divorced. She then opened her own design studio in Hollywood. An article from the July, 1948 issue of Sooner Magazine reported:
"<mask> <mask> Tracy, '28fa, the Oklahoma-born Czechoslovakian girl, has returned to the state to visit after an absence of 14 years. While in school at O.U., Mrs.Tracy painted murals on the walls of the Copper Kettle and in the girls' dormitories.For the past 14 years she has done industrial designing in Los Angeles. For several years before WorldWar II, she was chief designer for the state of California and has worked on many of the newer public buildings, painting murals and designing stage curtains." Death
<mask> Hrdy returned to her hometown (Prague, Oklahoma) sometime before her death, and lived in a house that belonged to her mother, but exactly when is not known. Author Berry says that she suffered from crippling arthritis in her later years. She died on September 8, 1987, and was buried in the Czech National Cemetery. She is buried in the same plot with her mother, Edna Mae (who died April 16, 1987) and her younger brother , George E. (who died March 31, 1988). Other family members buried in the same cemetery (but not in the same plot) are:
 <mask>, older brother of Olinka (February 23, 1901 - September 2, 1956)
 Edna Mae <mask>, sister of Olinka (September 23, 1909 - April 16, 1987)
 <mask>, father of Olinka (December 29, 1867 - August 5, 1953)

Legacy
Most of the major works of <mask> Hrdy's early years have disappeared.The Fred Jones, Jr. Museum of Art in Norman owns the majority of her surviving pieces. The museum presented Oklahoma Moderne: The Art and Design of <mask> <mask> June 9 to September 9, 2007. The murals she completed at the Oklahoma Central High School have been found and restored. They are still in the same building, which now belongs to the Oklahoma City University College of Law. Notes

References

1902 births
1987 deaths
People from Prague, Oklahoma
Painters from Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma alumni
American women painters
20th-century American women artists

masks:
Olinka Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Olinka
Hrdy
Josef Hrdy
Olinka
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Olinka
Hrdy
Olinka
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Olinka
Hrdy
Olinka
Hrdy
Olinka
Carl Hrdy
Lester Hrdy
Josef Hrdy
Olinka
Olinka
Hrdy


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<mask> (Hebrew: משה יעקובוביץ) (Prague, 15 March 1926 – Haifa, 29 December 2018) was commander of Masu'ot Yitzhak, a kibbutz in Gush Etzion(the Etzion Bloc) destroyed in the 1947–1949 Palestine war (known in Israel as Israel War of Independence), the last commander of the Gush Etzion settlements during the  Israel War of Independence, Chief Customs officer of Haifa between the years 1977–1987, and Consul for Economy and Trade (Customs) in Europe between 1987 and 1990. Jakobovits was one of two sons of Rabbi Tobias Jakobovits, Czech historian and librarian, historian of the Jews of Czechia and scholar of ancient Hebrew texts, and was the cousin of Rabbi <mask>, Baron Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Commonwealth. Jakobovits added Jakobi to his family name (<mask>its) prior to his diplomatic mission for the State of israel. Childhood
<mask>its was born in 1926 in Prague, capital of Czechoslovakia, son of Bertha (née Petuchowski, of Berlin) and Rabbi Tobias (Tuvia<mask> – librarian of the Jewish community of Prague and scholar of Jewish texts. Born to a religious family, <mask> was educated at the Jewish school in his native city. The school was located in the same building in which the family resided, at Jáchymova Street, No. 3, today housing the offices of the Jewish Museum of Prague.In March 1939, days before the entry of the Wehrmacht into Prague, <mask> Jakobovits marked his Bar Mitzvah by ascending to the Torah in the Altneuschul Synagogue in Prague. The venue of the event did not appear on the invitations for the security of invitees. Following his Bar Mitzvah, <mask> joined the Bnei Akiva youth movement. Aliyah (immigration)
On 21 October 1939, <mask> Jakobovits was sent to Mandatory Palestine under the auspices of the Youth Aliyah, and lived in Tel Aviv with his uncle, Michael Jakobovits. Following his Aliyah, he studied and lived at Yeshiva "Ha'Yishuv Ha'Chadash" of Rabbi Amiel in Tel Aviv, and, subsequently, at Yeshivat "Kol Torah" in Jerusalem. During the 1941/42 academic year, following a conversation with Henrietta Szold, <mask> Jakobovits moved to the Moshav Kfar Haroeh where he joined a group of children preparing for studies at an agricultural school of the Youth Aliyah. In the 1943/44 academic year, the group began its studies at the Mikveh Israel Agricultural School.During his studies at Mikveh Israel, <mask> Jakobovits joined the Haganah and underwent basic training. Before the War of Independence

Joining the "Masu'ot" Group

At the end of 1943/44 academic year, Jakobovits finished high school at Mikveh Israel and, with other graduates of the school, formed the "Czech Gar'in" ["Gar'in" refers to a "nucleus" or formative group] which began its training at Kibbutz Tirat Zvi in 1943. During his training at Tirat Zvi, he volunteered to be a "Noter" in the Jewish Settlement Police set up by the British, serving as a Noter in the Gilboa Brigade at Tirat Zvi station, and, in parallel, continued to be active in the Haganah. During this period he met his spouse to-be, Sarah Schwarz. In November 1944, he and fellow members of his Gar'in, then already called the "Masu'ot Group", established a temporary kibbutz settlement within the bounds of Kfar Haroeh, with the objective of establishing a permanent settlement on Mount Hebron, next to Kibbutz Kfar Etzion. In April 1945, the Gar'in moved to Gat Rimon, next to Petach Tikva. At the beginning of November 1945, the Gar'in established a settlement on the land of Hubela, to the west of Kfar Etzion, and decided to name the new kibbutz "Masu'ot Yitzhak," after the Chief Rabbi of Israel, Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevy Herzog, then still living.Commander of Masu'ot Yitzhak
<mask> Jakobovits continued to serve as a Noter at Masu'ot Yitzhak as well. He was sent to a Notrim course at the central school for Notrim at a youth village next to Afula, and, upon his return from the course, he was appointed commander of the Notrim station at Masu'ot Yitzhak. In parallel, he continued his activity with the Haganah, as was customary in that period. In this context he participated in the squad leader training course of the Haganah, Jerusalem District, conducted at Gush Etzion (the "Etzion Bloc") in the summer of 1946. That same year, he was called upon to serve as regional director of Masu'ot Yitzhak – this, too, in the context of the Haganah. A dispute erupted between the people of the young kibbutz and the Arabs of the area over a portion of the lands of the settlement, especially concerning a plot that was called the "600 dunam". In the summer of 1947, the Arabs attacked a group of kibbutz members engaged in agricultural work in the disputed area, and a squad of Notrim was summoned from Masu'ot Yitzhak under the command of <mask> Jakobovits.On the heels of a riot that erupted, the British police were summoned and separated the belligerents. An investigation was launched against <mask> Jakobovits for use of arms, and he was suspended from his post as commander of the Notrim station until the investigation was completed. During the period of his suspension (summer to fall, 1947), the Haganah Jerusalem Zone Command sent him to a course for platoon commanders, at that time, effectively an officers' training course. Platoon Commander Course
The platoon commander course in which Jakobovits participated (Course 19) was the last such course directed by the Haganah. The course, under the command of Mundak Pasternak (Moshe Bar-Tiqvah), was initially conducted at the kibbutzim Sarid and Ginegar in the Jezreel Valley, with the participants under the cover of naturalists. The platoon of Moshe Jakobovits – Platoon 1, under the command of Danny Mass – trained unarmed at Kibbutz Sarid, while Platoon 2, under Natanel Hitron, and Platoon 3 under Uzi Narkis, trained at Kibbutz Ginegar and included training with a medium machine gun in a hidden cave. A British patrol detected the site of machine gun training and it was consequently decide to move the entire course to Juara.At the end of the course, in November 1947, <mask> Jakobovits stood for oral examination by Haim Laskov and Yigael Yadin, and participated in the graduation review in the presence of Haganah Commander-in-chief Yaakov Dori. Beside <mask> Jakobovits, other graduates of Platoon Commander Course 19 included personalities who held key positions in the War of Independence, and thereafter, as major generals and brigadier generals. Among them were Yekutiel Adam, Avraham Adan ("Bren"), Uri ben Ari, Mordechai ben Porat, Rehavam Ze'evi ("Gandhi"), Avraham Tamir (Avrasha), Israel Tal (Talik), Yaakov Salman, Elad Peled, <mask> Rusnak, Nachum Shoshani, Aharon (Jimmy) Shemi, and many others. During the Course of the Battles

Command of Masu'ot Yitzhak
After completion of the course, Jakobovits returned to Masu'ot Yitzhak. A few days thereafter, on 29 November 1947, the United Nations decided upon the partition of Palestine. The Etzion Bloc was included in the intended Arab state. The day after the partition declaration (the onset of the War of Independence), Jakobovits was summoned to the headquarters of the Jerusalem Sector of the Haganah for assignment of a command role.Among the various roles he was offered, Jakobovits elected to return to his role as regional commander in Masu'ot Yitzhak. During the first weeks, he was responsible for securing convoys from Jerusalem to the Etzion Bloc. On the night of 15–16 January 1948, Jakobovits stood at the head of his men, at the western emplacements of Masu'ot Yitzhak, awaiting the arrival of the Mountain Brigade (the Brigade of the Lamed-Heh = Convoy of 35) that had been dispatched to reinforce and resupply Gush Etzion. With dawn, Jakobovits discerned heavy traffic of military vehicles and ambulances in the region of the village of Jeva. Only later would the connection with the bitter fate of the Brigade of the Lamed-Heh become clear. Commander of the Western Sector
On 21 March 1948, <mask> (Mosh) Zilberschmidt assumed command of Gush Etzion. In early May, he redesigned the defenses of the four settlements of the Bloc, and divided the Bloc into three defensive sectors.<mask> <mask> was name commander of the western sector, in addition to his position as regional commander of Masu'ot Yitzhak. Under his command was a company composed of defenders of Masu'ot Yitzhak and Revadim, responsible for the defense of the two settlements and the adjacent command posts: "the Fifth Point," "Giv'at Olga," "the 600 Dunam," and "Giv'at Hasla'im" ["Boulder Hill"] that connected Masu'ot Yitzhak to Kfar Etzion. In the Arab attack on Gush Etzion on 4 May 1948, Jakobovits sent forces of the brigade under his command to capture the first three command posts. Rescue of the Hospital and Its People
On the 12 May 1948, a massive Arab attack began on the redoubts of Gush Etzion. To maintain constant communication between Masu'ot Yitzhak and Kfar Etzion – even in the face of Arab penetration of the first line of defense – <mask> Jakobovits sent a squad from Masu'ot Yitzhak to capture Giv'at Hasla'im. This force managed to deflect charges of the Arab Legion and thus prevent an attack on Kfar Etzion from this direction. Under the cover of darkness, Jakobovits managed to reach Kfar Etzion to coordinate with Ya'akov Altman (named commander of the Bloc after Mosh fell at the Battle of the Russian Monastery) and to convince him to move the hospital, and all of its medical personnel and injured to Masu'ot Yitzhak.Evauation of the hospital was conducted during the course of the night by the men of Masu'ot Yitzhak who carried the injured on their backs and secured the path via Giv'at Sela'im. The hospital was lodged in natural caves in Masu'ot Yitzhak that had been cleaned and prepared in advance for possible shelter. Thus, Jakobovits saved the lives of about sixty injured and medical staff, among them Weisenberg, director of the hospital, and the chief medic, Rivka Nedivi (Prague, born 1926) who volunteered to remain in Gush Etzion and treat the injured while her infant was evacuated to Jerusalem, along with the other mothers and children. The "Queen" Has Fallen

The next morning, several armored vehicles of the Legion succeeded in penetrating into Kfar Etzion, and its defenders decided to surrender. After the surrender, a massacre was perpetrated on the men of Kfar Etzion, among them Ya׳akov Altman. Nachum ben-Sira, member of Masu'ot Yitzhak, succeeded in escaping the massacre and reached the kibbutz. <mask> Jakobovitz assumed command of the Bloc, the forces under his command were arrayed for the defence of Masu'ot Yitzhak, Revadim and Ein Tzurim.Later in the day, he telegraphed Haganah HQ in Jerusalem, by means of a heliograph: "Queen has fallen, we are left without ammunition and will not be able to hold. Requesting assistance." ('Queen' was the code name for Kfar Etzion.) As POW in Jordan
It was concluded that the Etzion Bloc would surrender and that its fighters would be taken prisoner. Due to the concern that Arab villagers would breach the kibbutzim and slaughter their inhabitants, <mask> Jakobovits decided that surrender would be orderly and would be coordinated with officers of the Legion, thus ensuring the safety of the surviving residents. On the afternoon of Friday, 14 May 1948 – at the time Ben Gurion declared the establishment of the State of Israel in Tel Aviv – two Legion officers arrived at Masu'ot Yitzhak and began coordination with <mask> Jakobovits, with the assistance of the medic Uriel Ofek, who knew Arabic. They promised to preserve the safety of the people of the settlements, and, in accordance with their promise, soldiers of the Legion took up positions around the settlement and drove away Arab villagers with gunfire.The Legion officers also acceded to Jakobovits's request and allowed him to remove a Torah scroll and Holy Books, previously hidden in the ground, and to remove them along with the population of Masu'ot Yitzhak. After about two weeks' confinement at the Hebron police station, the prisoners of war were transferred to a prison camp at Umm el-Jammal. The prisoners were released in stages, in several groups, ending in March 1949, and were transferred to Israel via the Mandelbaum Gate. <mask> Jakobovits was the last to leave the POW camp. At the Treasury (Israel Tax Authority – Customs)
About two months after his release from custody, he was married and the couple moved to Haifa. There, Jakobovits began to work at Customs. In 1977, he was appointed Chief Customs Officer (גובה המכס) for the Haifa and Northern District.At the time of the First Lebanon War, he served as responsible for the negotiating the transport of goods from Lebanon. To that end, he met in Haifa with his Lebanese counterpart from Beirut. In the summer of 1987, <mask> Jakobovits was sent to Milan, Italy, where he served as Consul for Economy and Trade (Customs) in Europe until his return to Israel in the summer of 1990. <mask> Jakobovits was survived by a son and daughter, five grandchildren and four great grandchildren. References

Benny Morris, 1948:A History of the First Arab-Israeli War (Yale University Press, New Haven, 200
 The Official WEB site of "HAGANA". Gush Etzion Convoy
Morris, Benny (2003). The Road to Jerusalem: Glubb Pasha, Palestine and the Jews.I. B. Tauris. .
Israel's War of Independence (1947–1949)
Vilnai, Ze'ev (1976). "Kfar Etzion". Ariel Encyclopedia (in Hebrew). Volume 4. Tel Aviv, Israel: Am Oved. Israeli Declaration of Independence

 א' אשכנזי, "כנס חגיגי לוותיקי "ההגנה": חוגגים 90 שנה להקמת הארגון", הארץ, 14/9/10
 אירגון ההגנה, אישים ומפקדים, בוגרי קורסים למ"מים בהגנה, מחזור י"ט
 י' אבן-חן, בדרך לחברון, כרטא, 1973.א' אשכנזי, "כנס חגיגי לוותיקי "ההגנה": חוגגים 90 שנה להקמת הארגון", הארץ, 14/9/10. י' בן יעקב (כינס ועיבד), גוש עציון: חמישים שנות מאבק ויצירה, בית ספר שדה כפר עציון, תשל"ח. ב' מוריס, 1948: תולדות המלחמה הערבית-הישראלית הראשונה, עם עובד, 2010. מ' נאור (עורך), גוש עציון מראשיתו עד תש"ח (עידן 7), יד בן צבי, תשמ"ו. מ' נאור, "הקרב האחרון בגוש עציון", מ' נאור, תש"ח: שבעים סיפורים ופרשיות, מודן, 2018. י' שפנייר, "תשובתנו נחושה – נצח ירושלים", עתמול 241, אב תשע"ה. Notes

1926 births
2018 deaths
Czechoslovak Jews
Czechoslovak emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Israeli prisoners of war
Israeli civil servants
Israeli diplomats
Israeli people of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War

masks:
Moshe Jakobovits
Immanuel Jakobovits
Moshe Jakobi Jakobov
Moshe Jakobov
) Jakobovits
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Jakobovits
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe
Moshe


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<mask> (born December 1, 1958) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former president and general manager of the Vancouver Canucks. He was born in Sudbury, Ontario. Playing career
<mask> spent his junior hockey career with the Kingston Canadians of the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League (OMJHL) from 1975 to 1978, playing in 111 games and scoring 132 points (39 goals and 93 assists). He added on 18 points (four goals and 14 assists) in 12 playoff games. <mask> missed most of the 1976–77 season due to a leg injury. He was then drafted in the first round, fifth overall, by the Colorado Rockies in the 1978 NHL Entry Draft. In the 1978–79 season, <mask> played two games with the Philadelphia Firebirds of the American Hockey League (AHL), scoring no points; he also spent 30 games with the Rockies, earning eight points (one goal and seven assists).He split the 1979–80 season with the Rockies, scoring four goals and five assists in 40 games, and the Fort Worth Texans of the CHL, with 22 points (nine goals and 13 assists) in 29 games. <mask> started the 1980–81 season with Colorado, and had 18 points in 51 games before being sent to the Boston Bruins for Bob Miller. <mask> then scored six points in 17 games for a total of 24 points, which would be his career high. Gillis also appeared in a playoff game, going pointless. In 1981–82, <mask> then registered 17 points in 53 games, and earned three points (1G-2A) in 11 playoff games. He spent the majority of the 1982–83 season with the Baltimore Skipjacks of the AHL, getting 113 points (32 goals and 81 assists) in 74 games, good for fourth in AHL scoring. He also played five games with Boston, earning an assist, then played 12 playoff games for the Bruins, earning four points.<mask> split the 1983–84 season with the Bruins, scoring 17 points in 50 games, and with the Hershey Bears of the AHL, getting 29 points in 26 games. He played three playoff games with Boston, getting no points. <mask> retired from professional hockey in the summer of 1984. Post-playing career

Agent
Upon retiring from playing hockey, <mask> coached the Queen's University Golden Gaels hockey team in 1985–86. He then earned a law degree from Queen's University in 1990 and became a player agent. His clientele over the years included Pavel Bure, Markus Näslund, Bobby Holík, and <mask>, among others. In 1997, <mask> successfully sued former National Hockey League Players' Association executive director Alan Eagleson for $570,000 for stealing a portion of his disability insurance.The charges were among many against Eagleson uncovered by Russ Conway. General manager
With the firing of Vancouver Canucks general manager Dave Nonis at the end of the 2007–08 season, <mask> was introduced by the organization as Nonis' successor on April 23, 2008. Entering into the free agent market as a general manager for the first time in July 2008, Gillis made immediate changes. He chose not to re-sign former client and longtime Canucks captain Markus Näslund, nor forward Brendan Morrison. He then made an aggressive pitch for unrestricted free agent center Mats Sundin with a two-year, $20 million offer; the deal would have made him the highest paid player in the NHL. Sundin decided against signing with any team until midway through the subsequent season, but eventually accepted a one-year, pro-rated $8.6 million offer on December 18, 2008. Several months later, before the 2008–09 NHL trade deadline, <mask> re-signed emerging forward Alexandre Burrows to a four-year, $8 million contract on March 3, 2009, substantially raising his previous $525,000 annual salary.Burrows was, at the time, in the midst of a career-season in which he scored 28 goals and 51 points, only to follow up with a career season the next year by scoring 35 goals and 67 points. After winning a Northwest Division title and making it as far as Game 6 of the second round in the 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs, Gillis continued to re-sign key players. With the Canucks' leading scorers Daniel and Henrik Sedin set to become unrestricted free agents on July 1, 2009, Gillis flew to Sweden to negotiate with the twins, ultimately signing them to identical five-year, $30.5 million deals hours before the free agency period was set to begin. Soon thereafter, negotiations began with star goaltender Roberto Luongo, who was entering the final year of his original four-year deal with the Canucks. Several days after Luongo gave the Canucks a September 13 deadline to come to an agreement before ceasing negotiations for the upcoming season, Gillis signed him to a 12-year, $64 million contract extension on September 2. Other significant signings in the 2009 off-season included unrestricted free agent Mikael Samuelsson from the Detroit Red Wings and Canucks prospect Sergei Shirokov from the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). <mask>' first noteworthy trade occurred on August 28, 2009, when he sent prospect forwards Patrick White and Daniel Rahimi to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for defencemen Christian Ehrhoff and Brad Lukowich.Of the two defencemen acquired, the younger Ehrhoff proved to be the centrepiece of the deal. San Jose's primary motivation to send him away was to clear salary cap space in anticipation of their acquisition of star forward Dany Heatley from the Ottawa Senators. For the Canucks, Ehrhoff's acquisition addressed the need for a puck-moving defenceman to move play out of the defensive zone. Ehrhoff went on to lead the Canucks defencemen in scoring that season. In the midst of <mask>' off-season transactions, the Canucks were involved in a pair of tampering incidents with Toronto Maple Leafs management. The first incident occurred in late June 2009, when Maple Leafs head coach Ron Wilson publicized the club's intentions to pursue the Sedin twins if Gillis could not re-sign them before the free agency period began. Several months later, in September, a Leafs TV documentary program covering June's 2009 NHL Entry Draft featured Toronto general manager Brian Burke indicating that <mask> had pursued the Tampa Bay Lightning's second overall pick for a package consisting of defenceman Kevin Bieksa, forward Alexandre Burrows and their first-round selection.Although the segment was eventually pulled off-air, <mask> filed tampering charges against the Maple Leafs near the beginning of the 2009–10 season for both incidents. The NHL fined Wilson US$10,000 for his part in tampering with the Sedins, while Burke and the Leafs management were given a warning for the draft incident. That season, the Canucks went on to win the Northwest Division title, but lost in the second round to the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2010 playoffs, both for the second consecutive year under Gillis. In the off-season, <mask> made significant defensive acquisitions, trading for Keith Ballard from the Florida Panthers (in exchange for a first-round draft pick Michael Grabner and Steve Bernier) and signing Dan Hamhuis ($27 million over six years). Gillis also signed third-line centre Manny Malhotra. While Hamhuis and Malhotra became integral parts of the Canucks' successful season in 2010–11, Ballard struggled to remain in the lineup with injuries and numerous bouts of healthy scratches. Meanwhile, Grabner became a Calder Memorial Trophy nominee that season as the NHL's top rookie.In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. <mask>' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced all the way to the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals, where they fell to the Boston Bruins in seven games after taking a 3–2 series lead. It has been noted, however, that the players arguably most instrumental in their Finals appearance — the Sedin twins, Ryan Kesler, Alexandre Burrows, Alexander Edler, Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider — were already in the Canucks' organization when <mask> took over as general manager from his predecessor, Dave Nonis. In the 2011–12 season, the Canucks defended their Presidents' Trophy title, but lost to the eighth-seeded (and eventual Cup champions) Los Angeles Kings in five games during the opening round of the playoffs. That season saw Cory Schneider usurp Roberto Luongo as the team's starting goaltender.Luongo started the first two games due to Schneider's injury and played well but his team lost both. Head Coach Alain Vigneault opted to start Schneider for the rest of the series in order to give the Canucks some momentum, and Luongo remained on the bench for the remainder of the series as the Kings won four games to one. Dressing as a backup for the Canucks' final three playoff games led many in the media to believe that Luongo would be traded in the off-season, in favour of Schneider, who recorded stronger regular season and playoff statistics than him in 2011–12. Asked about his role with the Canucks following the defeat, Luongo told reporters that he would waive his no-trade clause if management asked him to do so. In June 2012, Schneider was signed to a three-year, $12 million contract, which made Luongo expendable, but <mask>' efforts to trade Luongo were unsuccessful due to his hefty US$64 million, 12-year contract, a contract that Gillis has since been criticized for negotiating. In the 2012–13 season, which was shortened by a lockout, the Canucks finished with a record of 26–15–7 and won the Northwest Division title. However, they were eliminated in four-straight games by the San Jose Sharks during the opening round of the playoffs, the second consecutive first round playoff exit.<mask> was criticized by The Globe and Mail's Allan Maki as he "dithered with goalie Roberto Luongo and should have traded him for help at forward but didn’t. Instead, Gillis acquired Derek Roy at the trade deadline and thought that was enough. Gillis’s decision to get Zack Kassian doesn’t look good, either, but the GM will survive." Maki said that the "team, with its aging core and limited prospects, is in need of new direction, new leadership. It’s that time," just two years after its Stanley Cup Finals appearance. Afterwards, Gillis fired Head Coach Alain Vigneault, Associate Coach Rick Bowness and Assistant Coach Newell Brown. Gillis also continued to try to trade Luongo, who still had nine years left on his 12-year contract, which represented a $5.33 million annual salary cap hit.John Tortorella was hired to replace Vigneault as head coach, a decision that <mask> later suggested had been at the insistence of Canucks Owner Francesco Aquilini. At the 2013 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> traded goaltender Cory Schneider to the New Jersey Devils for the ninth overall draft pick, which he subsequently used to draft Bo Horvat from the London Knights. Gillis took a lot of criticism from fans and season-ticket holders, as the Canucks did poorly and slid out of playoff contention during the latter half of the 2013–14 season. <mask> was questioned on his personnel moves, such as trading Roberto Luongo to the Florida Panthers, which, combined with the earlier Schneider trade, had left the team without a proven number one goaltender, instead relying on the largely untested Eddie Läck. On April 8, 2014, <mask> was relieved of his duties as president and GM of the Vancouver Canucks by owner Francesco Aquilini; Aquilini had been said to be very hands-on in day-to-day management of the club. This came right after the Canucks were eliminated from the 2014 playoffs, and as season ticket renewal levels had dropped off. <mask> was succeeded by former Canucks captain Trevor Linden, who was hired the next day as president of hockey operations.It had been reported that <mask> and Linden had such a poor relationship that Linden stayed away from the Canucks after retiring as a player. Personal
<mask> is the brother of <mask>. He is the uncle of professional hockey players Matt and Adam Pelech. Gillis went on to teaching at the University of Victoria after his dismissal from the Vancouver Canucks. Career statistics

References

External links

1958 births
Baltimore Skipjacks players
Boston Bruins players
Businesspeople from Greater Sudbury
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Colorado Rockies (NHL) draft picks
Colorado Rockies (NHL) players
Fort Worth Texans players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Kingston Canadians players
Living people
National Hockey League executives
National Hockey League first round draft picks
National Hockey League general managers
Philadelphia Firebirds (AHL) players
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Sportspeople from Greater Sudbury
Vancouver Canucks executives
Vancouver Canucks general managers
Queen's University Faculty of Law alumni

masks:
Michael David Gillis
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Gillis
Gillis
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Gillis
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Gillis
Mike Richter
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<mask>üll (born "<mask>, Baronesse von Uexküll-Gyllenband":  17 May 1867 - 15 January 1901) was a well-born pioneer of girls' education. In 1899 she founded the "Mädchengymnasium" (secondary school for girls) in Stuttgart. It was the first such institution in the Kingdom of Württemberg and only the second anywhere in Germany. Life

Provenance and early years
<mask>üll-Gyllenband was born into a well-established family at Fortress Dünamünde, a manor house on the grounds formerly occupied by a stronghold built by the Teutonic Knights, just outside Riga, a multicultural city which at that time found itself positioned on the outer fringes of the Russian empire. She was born, the fifth of her parents' recorded children, into the German-speaking community which for historical reasons constituted the traditional land-owning ruling class in the region. Her father, Georg Reinhold Baron von Uexküll (1825-1890), was an army officer with specialities as an engineer. Gertrud attended a "Töchterschule" (girls' school) in Riga and then completed her schooling at a nearby boys' school where, unusually, she sat and  passed the exams necessary to qualify her for work as a secondary school teacher.By that time her mother, born Marie von Boehtlingk (1830-1881), had died. <mask> had been just 14 at the time, and was able to continue with her education. That was no longer the case in 1890 when her father also died. By this time, however, she was 23. Riga was experiencing rapid shifts in its ethnic population mix, driven by rapid urbanisation and the appearance of migrants from the Russian heartlands, generating potentially disruptive and dangerous inter-ethnic tensions:  <mask> set out on her travels while her elder brothers and sisters appear to have remained in what is now known as Latvia. Geneva
She ended up in Geneva, then as now a relatively progressive city, and embarked on a course of study in art. She was unable to complete the course, however, due to the poor state of her eye-sight.She then switched to a Swiss girls' high school from where she successfully sat the exams necessary to gain admission to the university. At the University of Geneva she completed degree courses in History, Philosophy and Literature. Across central Europe, and indeed in Russia, Switzerland was regarded, as very advanced when it came to the education of women, but the idea that women might progress to university degrees was still contentious. Nevertheless, <mask> Uexküll-Gyllenband was able to attend lectures, and she emerged with a form of degree described in sources as a "Licenciée ès Lettres". She also involved herself in women's rights issues. As student-president of the Geneva Student Sorority, she successfully campaigned for the right of female students to be represented on the university council, and then became the first female student to participate in that committee's deliberations. It was also during her time as a student at Geneva that <mask> Uexküll-Gyllenband met Friedrich Schwend (1871-1934), the man who a few years later became her husband.Directly after completing her student career in Geneva, however, she transferred to Paris university (La Sorbonne) in order to undertake a major academic project. Unfortunately the heart defect from which she suffered prevented her from staying very long in Paris, however. She transferred to a coastal location where she stayed long enough to recover and convalesce. Tutoring in Germany
In the winter of 1898 she returned to Germany, now accompanied by the friend of her university days, Friedrich Schwend. They both settled in Stuttgart still, at this stage, unmarried:  Gertrud's first job on settling in Stuttgart was as a private tutor, employed by wealthy families to teach their children French. (Under the customs of the time across western Europe, it would have been considered, at best, unconventional for a woman engaged in teaching other people's children to marry a man and give birth to children of her own at the same time.) The school
It was not, however, <mask> Schwend-Üxküll's intention to devote her life to private tutoring.She already had a clear vision to found a "Mädchengymnasium", a single-sex secondary school teaching a curriculum that would enable its pupils to attain a level of education appropriate for university admission. Admission to the school would be restricted to girls. Both in public and behind the scenes, she received active support from her cousin, the Countess Olga von Üxküll-Gyllenband, who was a lady in waiting to Queen Charlotte, and thereby very well connected with members of  Württemberg's intellectual and wealthy elites. The school should open the way for girls to gain "admission to all faculties at the university, most especially for the study of Philology, Medicine and Law - subjects which could form the basis for a professional or academic career for women". Meanwhile, for girls with no intention of pursuing an academic career, the "Mädchengymnasium" must be an institution that unquestionably provided a "safe religious and ethical aesthetically grounded all-round education". The school opened in Stuttgart's royal "Residenz" quarter on 17 April 1899. It was not, as the school's twenty-first century website spells out, an "everyday secondary school", but a "teaching institution for the daughters of the educated classes".The foundation ceremony was conducted by <mask>'s cousin and the queen's lady in waiting, Countess Olga von Üxküll-Gyllenband (who also accepted a position as chair of the school governors) alongside <mask> Schwend-Üxküll herself and Johanna Dorothea Bethe (who took on oversight of higher-level education). <mask> took charge of the overall leadership and administrative responsibilities, and also conducted the classes in French herself, without accepting any payment for the teaching work. In order to save on costs, classes were initially held at the premises of a larger, established institution, the "Frauenfortbildungsanstalt" ("Women's Further Education Institute") at Kronenstraße 41. A year later, with the number of pupils enrolled at the school having risen to 32, the two institutions were physically separated, with Getrud's "Mädchengymnasium" relocating to premises on the second floor at Alleenstraße 29. It was only a year after that, as the school continued to expand, that over Easter in 1901 they were totally (and amicably) disaggregated in terms of organisation and administration. Although Gertrud Schwend-Uexküll's Stuttgart "Mädchengymnasium" (secondary school for girls) was the first institution established to prepare girls for university admission in the Kingdom of Württemberg, there were other institutions opened with this objective elsewhere in German-speaking central Europe. Within Germany it was the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Baden which, on 28 February 1900, became was the first German state to issue a decree allowing women full access to universities.(Württemberg would follow suit only in 1904.) It was in the capital of Baden, Karlsruhe that the first school created to prepare girls for university admission had been established as far back as 1893, even if the Karlsruhe school's early years had not been entirely untroubled. Meanwhile on 30 July 1899, some ten weeks after the Stuttgart school opened, <mask> Schwend-Üxküll married Dr. Friedrich Schwend (1871-1934), who by this time had become the school's Geography teacher. Women's movement
During her all too brief time in Stuttgart, <mask> Schwend-Üxküll's hands-on commitment to improving opportunities for women extended far beyond her teaching work and the founding of a game-changing school. She opened the way for the launch of  Stuttgart branch of Hedwig Dohm's "Women's Education and Study Association" ("Verein Frauenbildung–Frauenstudium") with an article she contributed to the 7 July 1900 edition of the magazine "Der Frauenberuf". She used this opportunity to set out the organisation's objectives and the nationwide character of its activities. She concluded her piece with some reflections on the desirability of establishing a Stuttgart branch:
   "Both in Stuttgart and in other towns and cities in Württemberg, there are already a number of members [of the Berlin-based national association] who do not currently have any links to a local branch.And yet, particularly in Württemberg, where the founding of a "Mädchengymnasium" (girls' secondary school) has already taken place, marking an important step in the development of a schooling system that makes provision for girls ... it would be of particular value if a branch of this association were to be established, providing a forum through which all those who care passionately about girls' education - including, especially, those who are not actively engaged in the teaching profession - could share their experiences and opinions". The article was followed by an editorial note, in which it was spelled out that in order to establish a Stuttgart branch of the "Women's Education and Study Association" it would be necessary to find at least 25 members. The note also informed readers, helpfully, that Mrs. Schwend-Üxküll would be available to provide further information for an hour each day between 14.00 and 15.00 at Alleenstraße 29. On 14 November 1900 the time came for the founding meeting of the Stuttgart branch of the "Women's Education and Study Association" ("Verein Frauenbildung–Frauenstudium"). Inititally there were between 80 and 100 members. <mask> Schwend-Üxküll was at once elected to chair the Stuttgart association which, as she had foreseen, provided valuable support for the "Mädchengymnasium". For instance backed the first girls who had successfully completed the school final exams in their successful application for admission to the hitherto "men only" University of Tübingen.In the announcement of the establishment of the association journal, "Der  Frauenberuf", which appeared on 17 November 1900, <mask> Schwend-Üxküll summarized the association's objectives:
   "The task [of the Stuttgart branch] should be to unite educated men and women in order to give good advice on how the educational opportunities available to women can be aligned with the many disparate requirements that modern life places on them." Death
Two months after that inaugural meeting, on 15 January 1901, <mask> Schwend-Üxküll died. Her death was the result of complications associated with her long-standing coronary illness. Those who mourned her early death also found much to celebrate in the achievements of her short life. References

1867 births
1901 deaths
20th-century German educators
German women's rights activists
Latvian people of German descent
People from Riga
People from Stuttgart

masks:
Gertrud Schdk
Gertrud
Gertrud Baronesse Uk
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<mask> (born 22 March 1955) is a Latvian politician and former physician who served as the seventh president of Latvia from 2007 to 2011. He won the Latvian presidential election of 31 May 2007. He became President of Latvia on 8 July 2007 and left office on 7 July 2011 after failing to win reelection for a second term. Medical career
<mask> is an orthopedic surgeon, who graduated from the Institute of Medicine in Riga in 1979. After his studies he worked in Riga Hospital No. 2 and became chief of its traumatology unit in 1985. In 1986, between May and June, he was dispatched to Ukraine as a medical service officer to support the cleanup operations following the Chernobyl disaster.He was the director of the Latvian Traumatology and Orthopaedics Hospital from 1994 and chief of its board from 1998. He left these offices on 5 July 2007. On 27 April 2007, he received the Order of the Three Stars (Trīs Zvaigžņu Ordenis) of the 4th rank for his contributions in care for health of the patients and promotion of orthopedics in Latvia. Political career

<mask> <mask> was a board member of the Popular Front of Latvia in 1988–1989. On 22 May 2007, the ruling parliamentary coalition of the Latvian Saeima officially nominated <mask> as its presidential candidate. <mask> himself was not a member of any political party, but had signed the manifesto of the People's Party when the party was founded in 1998. On 2 June 2011 an MP from the Greens and Farmers' Union, Andris Bērziņš, defeated the incumbent, <mask> <mask>, in presidential elections despite <mask> having previously been expected to win the vote.He founded the Reform Party in July 2011. Presidency
In his TV speech, on 28 May 2011, President <mask> called for radical reforms to curb the corrupting influence of oligarchs. He accused lawmakers of being soft on corruption and announced that he would use his constitutional powers to initiate a referendum on the dissolution of the current Saeima. The formal cause of this decision was the parliament's refusal to sanction a search at the home of Ainārs Šlesers, a Saeima member and former minister. <mask> was the first President of Latvia to use these reserve presidential powers. Under the relevant sections of the Constitution of Latvia if the voters had supported <mask>' decision, the Saeima would have been dismissed and new parliament elections organized. Relations with Russia

He attended the 2010 Moscow Victory Day Parade on Red Square on 9 May, making good on his acceptance of his invitation to attend the 65th VE Day celebrations in Russia that he received in February.In December 2010, <mask> made his first official state visit to Moscow. The four-day official visit included talks with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, as well as Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, Mayor Yuri Luzhkov and the Patriarch Kirill of the Russian Orthodox Church. While speaking at the Latvia-Russia Business Forum in St. Petersburg on 20 December, he spoke in favor of the introduction of a visa free regime between the EU and Russia. On the final day of the forum, he laid flowers at the Piskaryov Memorial Cemetery. Controversy
Before his election he confessed that, as a doctor, he had accepted private donations from his patients. Transparency International has questioned the legality of this practice. <mask>' supporters point out that donations of this form are accepted by many Latvian doctors.The Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau (KNAB) characterized <mask>' behaviour as improper and has said that it would not finalize its investigation of the matter for several months. In July 2008, KNAB ruled that <mask> hadn't violated the law by accepting these donations. Politicians criticized <mask> for not paying taxes on these gifts. The State Revenue Service, which had previously requested him to pay taxes on the gifts, unable to fine him for tax evasion, fined Zatlers 250 Lats for missing data in officials declaration. In 2003, <mask> was the subject of an investigation by KNAB, Latvia's anti-corruption office. The investigation was started based on a request by Āris Auders, a former subordinate of Zatlers who had become the Minister of Healthcare. Auders had accused Zatlers of buying low-quality spinal implants from companies run by Zatlers' wife and the deputy director of Zatlers' hospital.The investigation cleared <mask> of all charges. Personal life
<mask> <mask> is married to Lilita Zatlere and has three children. In addition to his native Latvian, he is fluent in English and Russian. Honours and awards
Order of the Three Stars Class I with Chain (2008)
Order of Viesturs class I (2008)
Order of Friendship (Kazakhstan, 2008)
Knight Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Tomislav ("For outstanding contribution to the promotion of friendship and development co-operation between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Latvia."

masks:
Valdis Zatlers
Valdis Zatlers
Valdis
Zatlers
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Zatlers
Valdis
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<mask> (1774–1848) was the editor and proprietor of the Leeds Mercury, (which by his efforts he made the leading provincial paper in England), politician, and author of historical and geographic works of reference. On his death in 1848, the Leeds Intelligencer (a rival of the Mercury, and its political opponent for over forty years) described his as "one who has earned for himself an indisputable title to be numbered among the notable men of Leeds". Of his character and physical appearance it remarked: "Mr Baines had great industry and perseverance, as well as patience and resolution; and with those he possessed pleasing manners and address, - that debonair and affable bearing, which conciliated even those who might have felt that they had reason to regard him as an enemy… In person he was of a firm well-built frame, rather above the average stature; his features were regular, his expression of countenance frank and agreeable; and he retained his personal comeliness as well as his vivacity and suavity of manners to the last". Early years
<mask> was born in 1774 at Walton-le-Dale, near Preston, Lancashire. He was educated at Hawkshead Grammar School (where Wordsworth was a contemporary), and then in the lower school of the grammar school in Preston. He then became a weaver, but at the age of sixteen he was apprenticed for seven years to a printer in Preston. In the fifth year of his apprenticeship, he terminated it and moved to Leeds, where he finished his apprenticeship with the printer of the Leeds Mercury, one of two Leeds weekly newspapers.In later years, both Baines and his political opponents would have it that he arrived in Leeds with little more than the clothes on his back, but on completion of his apprenticeship he set up his own printworks with the aid of a loan of £100 from his father. He became a member of the Leeds Reasoning Society (a discussion group which eschewed religious or political issues) and of the local subscription library. He became attracted to non-conformism, and after attending the chapels of both Unitarians and Congregationalists settled for the latter (although he did not formally become a member until 1840). (He married Charlotte Talbot in 1798; she and their children were also lifelong non-conformists, with the exception of the eldest son Matthew Talbot <mask> who became an Anglican, and therefore was able to take a degree at Cambridge.) Journalism

Revitalisation of Leeds Mercury
In 1801, he was approached to start a third Leeds newspaper to support the interests of Dissent and Reform ; the Mercury was not a reliable friend of Dissent and the leading paper, the Leeds Intelligencer, was avowedly opposed. In the event, the owner of the Mercury offered to sell up, and with the help of loans from like-minded supporters Baines bought the paper for £1552. The paper he acquired was published every Saturday, cost sixpence (including fourpence newspaper tax) for four pages, and had a circulation of 700–800.Baines set about improving content and circulation. Baines rapidly introduced material reflecting the commercial interests of Leeds: regular agricultural and commercial reports, shipping news (from Hull and from Liverpool) and a report of the state of the London markets. Political affairs were not neglected; a digest of parliamentary proceedings in the previous week was also added. The Mercury soon outsold the Intelligencer, and by 1807 it was selling up to 3 000 copies in a good week. Production methods were improved and outclassed those of the Intelligencer, with new fonts allowing more text per page, and cast-iron handpresses allowing clearer printing than wooden ones. He encouraged "letters to the editor" and was amongst the first provincial newspaper editors to make editorial comment a routine feature of their paper. His leading articles could be vigorous and pointed.In the first Mercury under new ownership, <mask> promised "Our Paper shall never be made the Vehicle of Party or Personal Abuse", but within the year the Mercury was exchanging insults with the Cambridge Intelligencer, which accused the Mercury of dancing to the Government's tune with vague reports of (and editorial comment deploring) nocturnal meetings of the disaffected. In 1805 a new editor of the Leeds Intelligencer attacked the Mercury as "bespattered with ... sedition"; together with <mask>' heated response this initiated a long-lasting state of mutual incivility between the two papers which makes each an unreliable source for the other's deeds and motives. According to counsel in an 1820 libel case "When there was a dearth of political news, nothing was more common for one Editor to attack another, and the public appeared to find amusement in their squabbles". The Mercury sent its own reporters to significant events outside its circulation area, such as York Assizes: a Mercury reporter was present and taking shorthand notes at the giant Reform meeting at Manchester which became the Peterloo massacre. That reporter was <mask>' second son <mask>, who from 1820 onwards progressively took over the everyday running of the Mercury as his father became more involved in local politics. Not only did the Mercury displace the Intelligencer as the leading Leeds paper, by 1832 it could be described by another provincial paper as "the leading provincial paper in England". "The spy Oliver"
On 14 June 1817, the first edition of the Mercury reported that ten Yorkshire men were held in Wakefield jail accused of planning insurrection.It noted that they had been arrested the previous week at a meeting near Dewsbury between them and a Mr Oliver, who had represented himself as a delegate from a central organising committee in London; its readers would probably infer that 'Oliver' was a spy. Following the arrest of the men, there had been disturbances at Huddersfield and Ossett. The second edition made three further charges, supported by the evidence of respectable named moderate reformers: firstly that 'Oliver' had repeatedly urged one of them a Dewsbury bookseller, to attend the meeting: secondly, that 'Oliver' had been seen by another of them at Wakefield after the arrests, and with no satisfactory explanation why he was still at liberty: thirdly that he had been seen in conversation with a liveried man-servant of General Byng, the army officer responsible for internal security in the North of England, the man-servant later saying that on a previous occasion he had driven Oliver from Byng's house to Wakefield to catch a coach. The Mercury made no charge against Byng, but asked who were the employers of 'this double-distilled traitor' and called upon local magistrates to investigate. "On the 16th the exposure of Oliver in the Leeds Mercury was read in both houses of parliament, by Earl Grey in the lords and Sir Francis Burdett in the commons. A strong sensation was produced; and those members, supported by the body of the opposition condemned in the most indignant language the atrocious proceedings brought to light". Byng wrote to the Mercury, denying much of the initial report, but Baines printed the letter the following week accompanied by further evidence supporting the Mercury's account and rebutting Byng's.The report triggered revulsion locally against Oliver and against conviction of those led to crime by government agents. Earl Fitzwilliam, a Whig magnate and Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding, wrote to the Home Office saying that any disturbances in the Riding had been minor and were brought about by Oliver's activities (of which he complained) : the government should not use them to justify a renewed suspension of Habeas Corpus. Fitzwilliam advised the Huddersfield magistrates not to gather evidence against their rioters; that could only come from accomplices and hence be highly objectionable. At York assizes, the judge in his direction to the jury was even harsher than Fitzwilliam on the unreliability of the evidence of accomplices, and no convictions were secured. Whilst the Mercury's exposure of Oliver prevented the conviction of the Yorkshire prisoners, in Derbyshire the participants in the 'Pentridge rebellion' (also triggered by Oliver) were not so fortunate, having by mischance killed a man before dispersing when faced with the magistrates and twenty dragoons. Thirty-five were tried for high treason and twenty-three convicted; four being executed. Baines could therefore claim to have saved the lives of fellow-Yorkshiremen., and the unmasking of 'Oliver' gave Baines a national reputation.However, critics such as William Cobbett pointed out that it was the suspicions of a linen-draper, rather than any investigation by the editor of the Mercury, that had unmasked Oliver, and objected to <mask>'s treatment of Joseph Mitchell. Oliver had made a previous tour of the North and Midlands with Mitchell, who knew and introduced him to potential insurrectionists. Mitchell was arrested in early May and Oliver made his second tour alone. After Oliver's exposure, Baines prevented Mitchell speaking at meetings of Yorkshire fellow reformers, alleging that Mitchell was under the gravest suspicion of being a spy too. No evidence (other than 'guilt by association') to support Mitchell being an informer - let alone an agent provocateur -  was produced at the time, nor has any been revealed by subsequent investigation in Home Office archives. "The Great Liar of the North"
Baines used the Mercury to advance the causes he supported, and to resist those he opposed, not only in its editorials, but also in its news reporting. This went beyond the selective choice of events to report, and non-neutral reporting of events covered, to the confident assertion of convenient untruths: for example on factory reform the Mercury asserted that Michael Thomas Sadler had never spoken, attended a debate or voted on Hobhouse's Bill of 1831, (a statement promptly contradicted by Hobhouse); it put into the mouth of Sir George Strickland a speech in Parliament calling for Sadler's Bill of 1832 to go to a Select Committee, when Strickland had made no such speech and had called for the Bill to be considered by a "Committee of the whole House" and not be delayed by a Select Committee; when Strickland attended a great county meeting in York on factory reform and disowned the words put in his mouth by the Mercury the Mercury's report put into Strickland's mouth its explanation of its mistake, avoiding any mention of the Leeds Mercury.The report of the county meeting alleged widespread drunkenness amongst the attendees, a point which had somehow gone unnoticed by other newspapers. Offended by the claims of drunkenness, factory reform supporters subsequently burnt Baines in effigy outside the Mercury offices; the effigy was labelled front and back "The Great Liar of the North", an epithet Cobbett had previously hurled at the Mercury and Baines, to whom it had stuck. Cobbett later wrote more memorably, and more quotably, of  "BROUGHAM's grand puffer, "the GREAT LIAR OF THE NORTH," NED BAINES, publisher of that mass of lies and nonsense called the "Leeds Mercury" … this swelled-up, greedy, and unprincipled puffer, who has been the deluder of Yorkshire for twenty years past." Authorship
As well as his journalistic output, <mask> was the author of a number of histories and gazetteers. His first book - a History of the Wars of the French Revolution - was published in 1817, having first been published as a part-work from 1814 onwards. Its account up to 1801 borrowed extensively (and sometimes verbatim) from another author's earlier work of 1803 on the same topic (A Stephens The History of the Wars Which Arose out of the French Revolution to Which is Prefixed a Review of the Causes of that Event (London 1803)). This went unacknowledged until Baines revised, expanded and retitled the work as a History of the Reign of King George III (1820); his new preface stating "To facilitate ... progress, and at the recommendation of the publisher and proprietor of Mr Alexander Stephens' s History of the Wars published in 1803, nearly half the details of the first volume were

masks:
Edward Baines
Edward Baines
Baines
Baines
Baines
Baines
Edward
Baines
Baines


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 abridged from that work."This later led to denunciation of Baines as a plagiarist by one of the editors of the Intelligencer. He also produced history/directory/gazetteers for Yorkshire and for Lancashire, later reworking the latter as a county history, The History of the County Palatine of Lancaster. Political career

Leeds

As proprietor and editor of the Mercury Baines became an important figure in the affairs of Leeds. An obituary in 1848 noted Mr Baines took a part in the formation and support of many, if not most of the public institutions of Leeds. In early youth he was a visitor of the Benevolent, or Strangers' Friend Society, to which he always continued a warm friend. He assisted to establish the House of Recovery, the Dispensary, the Lancasterian School, the Philosophical Society, the Mechanics' Institution, the Literary Society, the New Library, the Tradesman's Benevolent Society, the Leeds and Yorkshire Insurance Company, our Provident institutions, our Waterworks…- in short, nearly all the institutions for public utility and benevolence established in Leeds within the last half century. He also became an important figure in Leeds politics, although as a Dissenter and a Reformer he was effectively excluded from Leeds Corporation which until the 1830s was a 'closed corporation'; vacancies were filled by election by the existing members of the corporation; they were Tories and generally Anglicans, and hence so were their successors.One area of political life from which Reformers and Dissenters could not be excluded was the vestry meeting of the (Anglican) parish church - all property owners (including Dissenters and other non-conformists) had to pay church rates and rate-payers were entitled to attend and vote. Baines fought a prolonged campaign to impose strict economy on church outgoings, starting in 1819 with a demand that accounts be published, and finally in 1828 managing to secure the election of churchwardens committed to economy. In the decade before the Great Reform Act of 1832 Leeds was not a parliamentary borough but was included in the Yorkshire constituency, now returning four MPs (normally two Whigs and two Tories, normally unopposed). In the 1830 General Election, Baines organised West Riding reformers to ensure that their interests were reflected by the choice of Lord Brougham as one of the two Whig nominees. On the Whigs coming to power, Brougham became Lord Chancellor, necessitating a by-election: this time the Whigs of rural Yorkshire forestalled the West Riding and secured a more traditional candidate: Sir John Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone of Harkness Hall, near Scarborough. Baines was a leading light in reform agitation in Leeds, and was commissioned by Lord John Russell to determine whether qualification in borough constituencies could safely be set as low as £10 (rates paid a year). Baines found that in Leeds a £10 franchise would give the vote to the middle classes but still exclude the working classes: the results of Baines' investigation were reported by Russell in parliamentary debate as showing that "the £10 qualification does not admit any person who may not safely be intrusted with the elective franchise".As the reform crisis of 1831–1832 developed, Radicals (who wanted a more thorough-going reform: significantly wider suffrage, annual parliaments and the secret ballot) broke away from the Leeds reform organisation (the Leeds Association, set up by <mask> and his associates) and founded the Leeds Radical Reform Union, pressing for Whig reform bills to be more thorough-going with a minority holding that they should be opposed (as a half-measure intended to choke off thorough reform). Baines strove to minimise the Radical breakaway, and to retain Radical support for moderate reform, by his own actions, by encouraging formation of a rival Leeds Political Union, by editorials in the Mercury and by ensuring that Radical meetings and manifestations were reported upon unfavourably by the Mercury. The Leeds Patriot, a Radical paper, soon found itself under attack from Baines, responding that "veracity has no charms for Mr Baines, when he has an object to carry...he will stoop to the meanest prevarication and the most contemptible falsehoods". In the expectation that the Reform Bill of 1831, would pass, and would establish Leeds as a two-member borough constituency, the Leeds reformers chose two candidates in August 1831: John Marshall (whose father, also John Marshall was a leading Leeds millowner and had served as an MP for Yorkshire), and (at Baines's urging) Thomas Babington Macaulay, a gifted Whig orator with a national reputation, but no previous connection with Leeds. When elections for the first reformed parliament eventually took place in December 1832, the two Whigs comfortably defeated the sole Tory candidate Michael Thomas Sadler despite active support for Sadler from the Leeds radical reformers. Sadler had taken up the issue of factory reform; the Mercury (which had printed Richard Oastler's first letter on "Yorkshire Slavery" (the over-working and ill-treatment of children in the West Riding textile industry) before cooling on the issue) denounced this as a Tory trick to lure the gullible away from the Whig reform programme. (Baines and the Mercury were to hold similar views on the anti-Poor Law movement of the late 1830s; the underlying cause of working-class discontent was the Corn Laws, and all efforts should go into removing the underlying cause, rather than palliating its symptoms).Years of activity by Sadler and his brother in Leeds meant that much was known for and against him, and the Mercury was assiduous in reminding its readers of the 'against'. The Tories and their Radical allies had attacked Macaulay as a placeman and a stranger: interested in Leeds only as providing him with a seat in Parliament; interested in a seat in Parliament largely as a means of securing comfortable sinecures for himself and his family (whose government appointments were currently yielding them a total annual income of over £4000). The Macaulay family was seriously financially embarrassed, and Macaulay soon decided that income from posts held only for so long as the Whigs held power was insufficiently secure. He resigned from parliament and went out to India in 1834 as a member of the supreme council of India, on an annual salary of £10,000. Baines was the Whig candidate at the ensuing by-election; there was a separate Radical candidate, but <mask>'s chief opponent was the Tory Sir John Beckett. Beckett was Leeds-born and educated; the Beckett family bank was pre-eminent in Leeds ("The Rothschilds and Barings of Leeds") and was recognised to have acted in the interests of Leeds as a whole in past crises, but Sir John had pursued a legal career away from Leeds, culminating in his appointment in mid-1817 (soon after his marriage to a daughter of the Earl of Lonsdale) as Judge Advocate-General, and consequent entry into Parliament in 1818 in Cockermouth, one of his father-in-law's pocket boroughs. As the Mercury pointed out, he had been Under-Secretary of State at the Home Office from 1806 to 1817, the Mercury going on to claim that it was from him that Oliver had received his instructions These and other accusations against Beckett were widely placarded across Leeds.Beckett (unlike Sadler) directly addressed <mask>'s accusations at the earliest opportunity in a good-humoured speech. <mask> was elected, but his majority over Beckett was only thirty-one. Better Tory organisation for the 1835 general election saw Beckett displace Marshall, but at this and the 1837 general election <mask> topped the poll; he stood down in at the 1841 election because his health was deteriorating. Parliament
In parliament he occasionally spoke against Whig policies, but generally voted for them. He spoke (and voted) against the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, introducing the New Poor Law, because he felt that there was no call for central government to interfere in areas where poor rates were low; however he became a supporter when the new Poor Law Commission did not in practice intervene. He spoke frequently on the grievances of Dissenters: in May 1834 he chaired a national meeting of Dissenter delegations which preceded discussion of specific grievances with a resolution describing "full and complete separation of church and state" as "the true basis on which equal rights and justice can be secured to all classes of his majesty's subjects
"; later that year he told parliament that "If the principles of dissent were properly understood, the very circumstance of a man being a Dissenter was a declaration that he could not agree to the union between Church and State." However, the Mercury reported although the 1834 meeting had readily endorsed the principle behind its resolution, there had been considerable debate as to the policy of stating it; as a compromise "it was determined to state the principle, but not put it forward in any petition or memorial".In 1837 Baines seems to have been badly worsted in debate as a result: in a debate on the abolition of church rates he was challenged whether this was the ultimate "healing measure" as far as Dissenters were concerned: he responded by denying that Dissenters had any intention to interfere with the connection between Church and State. The next speaker, however, not only gave the House an account of the proceedings at a recent anti-church rate meeting in Leeds, he had come prepared with a copy of the resolutions of the 1834 meeting, which he read out to the House. Baines failed to retrieve the situation by a subsequent editorial in the Leeds Mercury which asserted that whilst the vast majority of Dissenters thought any connection between church and state wrong, the vast majority of them did not see the existence of an established church as a political question, let alone a grievance; but was not believed. He spoke against the continuance of the English Regium Donum, and repeatedly argued that Queen Anne's Bounty ( a fund for augmenting the income of poor Church of England ministers) should be put on a much sounder basis: its revenue of 'First Fruits and Tenths' - calculated from revenues in the reign of Henry VIII - would be greatly increased by being calculated from current revenues. He supported Poulett Thomson's Bill of 1836 for relaxation of the 1834 Factory Act; he also voted for subsequent government factory regulation bills, but when he spoke in debates on them made it clear that he thought there was no need for them. Children and legacy
His son, <mask> <mask> (1800–1890), of St Ann's Hill, Leeds, was editor and afterwards proprietor of the Leeds Mercury, M.P. for Leeds (1859–1874), and was knighted in 1880; his History of the Cotton Manufacture (1835) was long a standard authority, he also wrote a biography of his father The life of <mask>nes, late M.P.for the Borough of Leeds. An elder son, Matthew Talbot <mask> (1799–1860), went to the bar; he became recorder of Kingston upon Hull in (1837), M.P. for Kingston upon Hull in 1847, president of the Poor Law Board in 1849, was returned as M.P. for Leeds 1852, again became president of the Poor Law Board (until 1855), and entered the cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1856. He had two further surviving sons: <mask> (1806–1881) and <mask> (1811–1893); his fourth and fifth sons died during childhood. The youngest daughter of <mask> – Margaret (d. 1891) – married another political figure, Charles Reed, in 1844. Another daughter, Charlotte, was the mother of South Australian politician and mayor of Adelaide, Theodore Bruce.Publications

 These became volumes 2 and 3 in an expanded four volume work:

 (In 1820, an enterprising American published those parts of volume 2 of Baines' "History of the Wars." dealing with the War of 1812 as )
 : ;
   : later reworked as

Notes

References

Biographies

External links

1774 births
1848 deaths
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
People from

masks:
Baines
Baines
Baines
Baines
Baines
Sir Edward
Baines
Edward Bai
Baines
Thomas Baines
Frederick Baines
Edward Baines


text_chunks:
<mask> (27 April 1921 – 7 July 1974) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. <mask> was credited with 189 aerial victories—that is, 189 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. All but six of his victories were claimed over the Soviet Air Forces on the Eastern Front in more than 950 combat missions, including 162 ground support missions. Born in Ulrichshalben, <mask> joined the military service in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany in 1939. Following flight training, he was posted to 2. Staffel (squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing). He flew his first combat missions in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, and claimed his first aerial victory on 29 June 1941.There, after 101 aerial victories, he was presented with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 November 1943. In July 1944, he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of the III. Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 51 "Mölders". Following his 153rd aerial victory, <mask> was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 14 January 1945. He continued flying operationally until the end of World War II. He died on 7 July 1974 in Cologne, West Germany. Early life and career
<mask>, the son of a police Hauptmann (captain), was born on 27 April 1921 in Ulrichshalben, present-day a borough of Ilmtal-Weinstraße, at the time in Thuringia of the Weimar Republic.After attending a  Gymnasium, a secondary school, and graduating with his Abitur (diploma), he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe as a Fahnenjunker (cadet) on 15 November 1939. Following fighter pilot training, he was posted to 2. Staffel (squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) in early 1941. World War II
World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. JG 51, under the command of Oberst Werner Mölders, was preparing for Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union which was launched on 22 June 1941. On 29 June, <mask> claimed his first aerial victory. On 1 July, he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) and two days later he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class ().<mask> then flew a number of ground support missions, was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class () on 21 April 1942. On 8 December, he claimed his 10th victory on his 225th combat mission. He claimed his 20th victory on 24 February 1943 and received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe () on 15 March 1943. On 25 May, <mask> was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of JG 51s 1. Staffel (1st squadron), replacing Oberleuntant (First Lieutenant) Hans Boos who had been killed in a mid-air collision on 21 April. His number of aerial victories claimed increased to 30 on 5 May, and on 17 May he was awarded the German Cross in Gold (). On 10 June, Brendel claimed his 40th opponent shot down and was promoted to Oberleuntant on 1 July.On the first day of the Battle of Kursk, 5 July 1943, Brendel claimed two Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down on the northern flank of the attack. His wingman, Unteroffizier Oskar Romm was credited with the destruction of a third Il-2. The next day, <mask> led his 1. Staffel in an attack against 15 Douglas A-20 Havoc bombers from the 221 Bomber Aviation Division. Brendel claimed one bomber destroyed but the fighter escort from 282 Fighter Aviation Division successfully engaged the German fighters. Brendel became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time on 12 July 1943, claiming aerial victories 53 to 57. On 28 July, <mask> was shot down and wounded in his Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-6 (Werknummer''' 470002—factory number) by Soviet anti artillery behind enemy lines.He managed to return to German held territory. On 1 October 1943, he was promoted to Hauptman with a rank age dated to 1 April 1944. On 22 November, Brendel claimed six aircraft shot down on his 551st combat mission, taking his total to 101 aerial victories. For this achievement he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () that day. He was the 60th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. Group commander
On 29 July 1944, Brendel claimed a Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter shot down in the vicinity of Białystok. His opponent may have been Kapitan Vladimir Shchegolev from the 162nd Fighter Aviation Regiment, a fighter ace credited with 14 individual and three shared victories who was killed in action that day.On 1 September 1944, <mask> was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 51. He succeeded Hauptmann Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber in this function who was transferred. Flying with III. Gruppe on 16 October 1944, <mask> achieved his 150th victory on his 792nd combat mission. Following his 153rd victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves () on 14 January 1945, the 697th officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht so honored. He continued flying on the Eastern Front, claiming his 174th and 175th victory on 4 March 1945.End of March, he was ordered to Berlin where the presentation of the Oak Leaves was made at the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM— Ministry of Aviation) in Berlin by Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring. On 18 February 1945, III. Gruppe claimed six aerial victories during the battle of the Courland Pocket, including four by Brendel. Two days later, he claimed three further victories. He claimed his last victory came on the 25 April 1945, finishing the war with 189 victories and emerged as JG 51 highest claiming fighter pilot on the Eastern Front, including over 90 heavily armored Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft. Later life
He died on 7 July 1974 in Cologne, West Germany and was buried in Salzburg, Austria. Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 178 aerial victory claims, plus 13 further unconfirmed claims.This number includes one claim over a United States Army Air Forces flown B-17 Flying Fortress, and 177 Soviet Air Forces piloted aircraft on the Eastern Front. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 07813". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size. Awards
 Iron Cross (1939)
 2nd Class (3 July 1941)
 1st Class (21 April 1942)
 Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 15 March 1943 as Leutnant and pilot
 German Cross in Gold on 17 May 1943 as Leutnant in the 2./Jagdgeschwader 51
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 Knight's Cross on 22 November 1943 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"
 697th Oak Leaves on 14 January 1945 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader'' 51 "Mölders"

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

1921 births
1974 deaths
People from Weimarer Land
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

masks:
Joachim Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel
Brendel


text_chunks:
<mask> (January 7, 1949 – February 11, 2017), better known as <mask> or <mask>., and also known during the 21st century as "Chavo Classic", was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his work in Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF), American Wrestling Association (AWA) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and for being the father of third generation wrestler <mask>. He was the oldest son of Salvador "Gory<mask>, and part of the <mask> wrestling family. He was the oldest WWE Cruiserweight Champion. Professional wrestling career

Early career
In 1977, <mask> competed for NWA Western States. <mask> later moved his family to California so he could compete in Los Angeles's NWA Hollywood Wrestling and San Francisco's Big Time Wrestling. In NWA Hollywood, he feuded with Roddy Piper for the NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship.Between 1979 and 1980, he held the title 15 times. Various Territories
He spent the early 80's splitting his time between All Japan Pro Wrestling, Mid South Wrestling, CWF and Houston Wrestling. In 1982, <mask> feuded with Atsushi Onita over the NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship in All Japan Pro Wrestling. In 1983, he feuded with Gino Hernandez in Mid South Wrestling. The feud resulted in Loser Leaves Town matches, Texas Death Matches and a Mexican Chicken Match. In 1984, he teamed with his brother <mask> in Championship Wrestling from Florida. They had rivalries with The U.S. Express, from whom they captured the NWA United States Tag Team Titles from and The Breakdancers of Brickhouse Brown and Mark Ragin.In 1985, Hector and Chavo then traveled back over to Mid South Wrestling, where they feuded with The Rock 'n' Roll Express. They then engaged in a rivalry with Ted Dibiase and "Dr. Death" Steve Williams over the UWF Tag Team Championship. In 1986, they wrestled The Fabulous Ones on multiple occasions for Mid South. AWA and EMLL
In 1988, Mando and Chavo stopped in the AWA. They went after the AWA World Tag Team Championship held by Diamond Dallas Page's team of Badd Company (Paul Diamond and Pat Tanaka). However, they were unable to capture the titles in multiple attempts. In 1990, <mask> teamed with his brothers Mando and Eddie in EMLL.He competed with his brothers in multiple trios matches. World Wrestling Entertainment (2004, 2010)
In 2004, <mask> began working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), joining his son <mask> Jr. in a feud with his younger brother Eddie. While with WWE he competed as <mask> Classic and became the oldest WWE Cruiserweight Champion in history, defeating <mask> Jr. and Spike Dudley in a triple threat match. On the April 1 episode of SmackDown!, Classic and <mask> Jr. lost to Spike Dudley and Rey Mysterio. On the April 22 episode of SmackDown!, Classic and <mask> Jr defeated John Cena in a 2-on-1 handicap match. On the May 13 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> Classic defeated Jacqueline thanks to outside help by <mask> Jr. On the June 3 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> Classic retained the Cruiserweight Title against Funaki, thanks to outside help from <mask> Jr. He eventually lost the title to Rey Mysterio less than a month later.On June 15, 2004, he was fired by WWE for no-showing multiple SmackDown! house shows. On the November 15, 2010, "Old School" episode of Raw, <mask> Classic, driving Alberto Del Rio to the arena. Lucha Underground (2016)
Chavo Classic first appeared on Lucha Underground talking with Rey Mysterio about the upcoming match of the latter against his son <mask> <mask>. in a Loser Leaves Lucha match. During the match, Classic, who was in the attendance, turned on Mysterio, helping his son win the match, but Dario Cueto ordered to restart the match, and Mysterio hit the 619 on Classic and defeated <mask> <mask>, leaving Lucha Underground without the <mask>s. Personal life
<mask> was the son of Gory <mask> and the older brother of Mando, Hector, and <mask>. He grew up in El Paso, Texas He had two children, wrestler <mask> Jr. and daughter Victoria, and he was the brother in-law of Vickie <mask>.In July 2016, <mask> and his son were named part of a class action lawsuit filed against WWE which alleged that wrestlers incurred traumatic brain injuries during their tenure and that the company concealed the risks of injury. The suit was litigated by attorney Konstantine Kyros, who has been involved in a number of other lawsuits against WWE. Over a year after his death, US District Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant dismissed the lawsuit in September 2018. Death
On February 11, 2017, <mask> died of liver cancer, at the age of 68. Other media
In 1978 he co-starred with Henry Winkler in the movie The One and Only as a wrestler called Indian Joe. He is the subject of the song "The Legend of Chavo Guerrero" by The Mountain Goats and is featured in its music video. The 2017 Netflix series, GLOW has its 7th episode dedicated to <mask> <mask> Sr.

Championships and accomplishments
All Japan Pro Wrestling
NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Atlantic Coast Championship Wrestling
ACCW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) – with <mask>
Eastern Wrestling Federation
EWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Empire Wrestling Federation
EWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Hollywood Heavyweight Wrestling
HHW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
International Wrestling Federation
IWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA Hollywood Wrestling
NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship (15 times)
NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (11 times) – with Raul Mata (2), John Tolos (1), Gory <mask> (1), Butcher Vachon (1), Victor Rivera (1), The Canadian (1), <mask> (1), El Halcon (1), Black Gordman (1) and Al Madril (1)
NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)1
New Japan Pro-Wrestling
NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him # 130 out of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.Southwest Championship Wrestling / Texas All-Star Wrestling
SCW Southwest Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
SCW World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Manny Fernandez
TASW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
TASW Texas Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Al Madril (1) and himself (1)3
Texas All-Star USA Heavyweight Championship (1 times)
 Vendetta Pro Wrestling
 Vendetty Award—2014 Co-Special Guest star of the Year (w/ <mask> <mask>. & The Godfather)
World Wrestling Association
WWA Trios Championship (1 time) – with Mando and <mask>
World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Best Wrestling Maneuver (1986) Moonsault block

Notes
1When <mask> <mask> won this championship, it was still officially recognized and sanctioned by the National Wrestling Alliance and was primarily defended in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre, an NWA affiliated promotion in Mexico. After the promotion's withdrawal from the National Wrestling Alliance, they kept the title and continue to use the NWA initials. However, the NWA no longer recognizes or sanctions it. 3Defeats Al Madril to claim Madril's part of the championship, though he quickly surrenders the titles on the same day. References

General sources

External links
<mask> <mask>.: A Legend (Official Website)
Profile at Online World Of Wrestling

1949 births
2017 deaths
Los Guerreros
American professional wrestlers of Mexican descent
People from El Paso, Texas
Professional wrestlers from Texas
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Professional wrestling trainers
American male professional wrestlers
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from cancer in Texas

masks:
Salvador Guerrero III
Chavo Guerrero
Chavo Guerrero Sr
Chavo Guerrero Jr
" Guerrero
Guerrero
Chavo
Guerrero
Guerrero
Hector Guerrero
Chavo
Guerrero
Chavo
Chavo
Chavo
Chavo
Chavo
Chavo
Chavo
Chavo
Chavo
Guerrerovo
Chavo
Guerrero Jr
Chavo
Guerrero
Guerrero
Chavo
Guerrero
Eddie Guerrero
Chavo
Guerrero
Guerrero
Guerrero
Chavo
Guerrero
Hector Guerrero
Guerrero
Hector Guerrero
Chavo
Guerrero Jr
Eddy Guerrero
Chavo
Guerrero
Chavo
Guerrero Sr