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<mask> (30 September 1916 – 9 March 2020) was a British mathematician. He was a professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Calgary. He is known for his work in number theory, geometry, recreational mathematics, combinatorics, and graph theory. He is best known for co-authorship (with John Conway and Elwyn Berlekamp) of Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays and authorship of Unsolved Problems in Number Theory. He published more than 300 scholarly articles. <mask> proposed the partially tongue-in-cheek "strong law of small numbers", which says there are not enough small integers available for the many tasks assigned to them – thus explaining many coincidences and patterns found among numerous cultures. For this paper he received the MAA Lester R. Ford Award.Biography

Early life
<mask> was born 30 September 1916 in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England, to Adeline Augusta Tanner and William Alexander <mask>. Both of his parents were teachers, rising to the rank of headmistress and headmaster, respectively. He attended Warwick School for Boys, the third oldest school in Britain, but was not enthusiastic about most of the curriculum. He was good at sports, however, and excelled in mathematics. At the age of 17 he read Dickson's History of the Theory of Numbers. He said it was better than "the whole works of Shakespeare", solidifying his lifelong interest in mathematics. In 1935 <mask> entered Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, as a result of winning several scholarships.To win the most important of these he had to travel to Cambridge and write exams for two days. His interest in games began while at Cambridge where he became an avid composer of chess problems. In 1938, he was graduated with a second-class honours degree; he would later state that his failure to get a first may have been related to his obsession with chess. Although his parents strongly advised against it, <mask> decided to become a teacher and got a teaching diploma at the University of Birmingham. He met his future wife, Nancy Louise Thirian, through her brother Michael, who was a fellow scholarship winner at Gonville and Caius. He and Louise shared loves of mountain climbing and dancing. They married in December 1940.War years
In November 1942, <mask> received an emergency commission in the Meteorological Branch of the Royal Air Force, with the rank of flight lieutenant. He was posted to Reykjavik, and later to Bermuda, as a meteorologist. He tried to get permission for Louise to join him but was refused. While in Iceland, he did some glacier travel, skiing, and mountain climbing, marking the beginning of another long love affair, this one with snow and ice. When <mask> returned to England after the war, he went back to teaching, this time at Stockport Grammar School, but stayed only two years. In 1947 the family moved to London, where he got a job teaching mathematics at Goldsmiths' College. Later life and death

In 1951 he moved to Singapore, where he taught at the University of Malaya until 1962.He then spent a few years at the Indian Institute of Technology in Delhi, India. While they were in India, he and Louise went mountaineering in the foothills of the Himalayas. <mask> moved to Canada in 1965, settling down at the University of Calgary in Alberta, where he obtained a professorship. Although he officially retired in 1982, he still went to the office five days a week to work, even as he passed the age of 100. Along with George Thomas and John Selfridge, <mask> taught at Canada/USA Mathcamp during its early years. In 1991 the University of Calgary awarded him an honorary doctorate. <mask> said that they gave him the degree out of embarrassment, although the university stated that "his extensive research efforts and prolific writings in the field of number theory and combinatorics have added much to the underpinnings of game theory and its extensive application to many forms of human activity."<mask> and his wife Louise (who died in 2010) remained very committed to mountain hiking and environmentalism even in their later years. In 2014, he donated $100,000 to the Alpine Club of Canada for the training of amateur leaders. In turn, the Alpine Club has honoured them by building the Louise and <mask> Guy Hut near the base of Mont des Poilus. They had three children, among them computer scientist and mathematician Michael J. T. <mask>. <mask> died on 9 March 2020 at the age of 103. Mathematics

While teaching in Singapore in 1960 <mask> met the Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős. Erdős was noted for posing and solving difficult mathematical problems and shared several of them with <mask>.<mask> later recalled "I made some progress in each of them. This gave me encouragement, and I began to think of myself as possibly being something of a research mathematician, which I hadn't done before." Eventually he wrote four papers with Erdős, giving him an Erdős number of 1, and solved one of Erdős' problems. <mask> was intrigued by unsolved problems and wrote two books devoted to them. Many number theorists got their start trying to solve problems from <mask>'s book Unsolved problems in number theory. <mask> described himself as an amateur mathematician, although his work was widely respected by professionals. In a career that spans eight decades he wrote or co-authored more than a dozen books and collaborated with some of the most important mathematicians of the twentieth century.Paul Erdős, John H. Conway, <mask>, and Martin Gardner were among his collaborators, as were Elwyn Berlekamp, John L. Selfridge, <mask>, Frank Harary, Lee Sallows, Gerhard Ringel, Béla Bollobás, C. B. Lacampagne, Bruce Sagan, and Neil Sloane. Over the course of his career <mask> published more than 100 research papers in mathematics, including four with Erdős. <mask> was influential in the field of recreational mathematics. He collaborated with Berlekamp and Conway on two volumes of Winning Ways, which Martin Gardner described in 1998 as "the greatest contribution to recreational mathematics in this century". <mask> was considered briefly as a replacement for Gardner when the latter retired from the Mathematical Games column at Scientific American. <mask> conducted extensive research on Conway's Game of Life, and in 1970, discovered the game's glider. Around 1968, <mask> discovered a unistable polyhedron with 19 faces; no such construct with fewer faces was found until 2012.As of 2016 <mask> still was active in conducting mathematical work. To mark his 100th birthday friends and colleagues organised a celebration of his life and a tribute song and video was released by Gathering 4 Gardner. <mask> was one of the original directors of the Number Theory Foundation and played an active role in supporting their efforts to "foster a spirit of cooperation and goodwill among the family of number theorists" for more than twenty years. Chess problems
From 1947 to 1951 <mask> was the endings editor for British Chess Magazine. He is known for almost 200 endgame studies. Along with Hugh Blandford and John Roycroft, he is one of the inventors of the GBR code (<mask>–Blandford–Roycroft code), a system of representing the position of chess pieces on a chessboard. Publications including EG use it to classify endgame types and to index endgame studies.Solution:
1. Kd1 Ka3
2. Kc1 a5
3. h4 a4
4. h5 Ka2
5. h6 a3
6. h7 Ka1
7. h8=N a2
8. Ng6 fxg6
9. f7 g5
10. f8=N g4
11. Ne6 dxe6
12. d7 e5
13. d8=N e4
14. Nc6 bxc6
15. b7 c5
16. Kd1 Kb2
17. b8=Q+ 1-0

Selected publications

Books
 1975 (with John L. Selfridge) Optimal coverings of the square, North-Holland, Amsterdam, OCLC Number:  897757276.1976 Packing [1, n] with solutions of ax + by = cz — the unity of combinatorics Atti dei Conv. Lincei, 17, Tomo II, 173–179
 1981 Unsolved problems in number theory, Springer-Verlag in New York,
 1982 Sets of integers whose subsets have distinct sums, North-Holland, OCLC Number: 897757256. 1982 (with Elwyn Berlekamp and John H. Conway) Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays, Academic Press, . 1987 Six phases for the eight-lambdas and eight-deltas configurations, North-Holland, OCLC Number: 897693235. 1989 Fair game how to play impartial combinatorial games, COMAP in Arlington, MA, . 1991 Graphs and the strong law of small numbers, Wiley, OCLC Number: 897682607. 1994 (with Hallard T. Croft and <mask>) Unsolved problems in geometry, Springer-Verlag, .1996 (with John H. Conway) The book of numbers, Copernicus, . 2002 (with Paul Vaderlind and Loren C. Larson) The inquisitive problem solver, Mathematical Association of America, . 2020 (with Ezra A. Brown) The Unity of Combinatorics, Mathematical Association of America,

Papers

References

Sources

 Albers, Donald J.; Alexanderson, Gerald L. (1985). Mathematical People: Profiles and Interviews, John Horton Conway by <mask><mask>: pp. 36–46, Princeton University Press,
 Albers, Donald J.; Alexanderson, Gerald L. (2011). Fascinating Mathematical People : interviews and memoirs, Interview with <mask><mask>, Elwyn R. (2014). The Mathematical Legacy of Martin Gardner Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), 2 September 2014
 Fortney, Valerie (2015). "<mask> to visit his namesake alpine hut" The Calgary Herald, 10 September 2015
 Guiltenane, Erin (2016). Emeritus professor marks a century of life and learning University of Calgary: Faculty of Science, 29 September 2016
 MMA (2016). Happy Birthday, <mask>! Mathematical Association of America, 30 September 2016
 Mulcahy, Colm (2016). <mask><mask> turns 100 MMA: CardColm, 30 September 2016
 Roberts, Siobhan (2016).An “Infinitely Rich” Mathematician Turns 100, 30 September 2016
 Scott, Chic (2012). Young at Heart: The Inspirational Lives of <mask> and <mask>, Pub by The Alpine Club of Canada, Canmore, Alberta,

External links

<mask>. <mask> author profile on MathSciNet
Personal web page

1916 births
2020 deaths
20th-century English mathematicians
21st-century English mathematicians
Academics of the University of London
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Chess composers
Combinatorial game theorists
English centenarians
IIT Delhi faculty
Mathematics popularizers
Men centenarians
National University of Singapore faculty
Number theorists
People from Nuneaton
Recreational mathematicians
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
University of Calgary faculty
English expatriates in Canada
English expatriates in Singapore
Royal Air Force officers

masks:
Richard Kenneth Guy
Guy
Guy
Charles Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Richard
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Donald Knuth
Kenneth Falconer
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Guy
Kenneth Falconer
Richard K
. Guy
Richard K
. Guymp
Richard Guy
Richard Guy
Richard K
. Guy
Richard
Louise Guy
Richard K
Guy


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<mask> (Thai: เข้ม ศิษย์สองพี่น้อง; born December 16, 1984), formerly known as Khem Fairtex, is a Thai Muay Thai kickboxer and the reigning Thailand and WMC Muaythai super welterweight world champion. Biography and career
<mask>akang (สุรศักดิ์ ปักโคทะกัง) in Maha Sarakham Province in Northeastern (Isan) region of Thailand on December 16, 1984. He had his first fight at the age of 13 in 1997. Following a disappointing showing at the IFMA 2012 World Muaythai Championships where he lost out to Vitaly Gurkov in the finals to take bronze, Kem returned to the professional ranks on September 28, 2012 when he defeated Thepsuthin Pumpanmuang, Prakaysaeng Gaiyang 5 Daow and Sirimongkol Sitanuparp, respectively, to win the Toyota Vigo Marathon 2012. Kem lost to eventual tournament winner Andy Souwer by majority decision (29-29, 29-28, 30-28) at the quarter-final stage of the Shoot Boxing World Tournament 2012 on November 17, 2012 in Tokyo, Japan. He was knocked out with a third round elbow by former stablemate Yodsaenklai Fairtex at Muay Thai Combat Mania: Pattaya in Pattaya, Thailand on December 30, 2012. Kem fought to a draw with Jordan Watson in a three round bout at Yokkao Extreme 2013 on January 26, 2013 in Milan, Italy.He floored Mickael Piscitello with elbows numerous times en route to a unanimous decision win at Best of Siam 3 in Paris, France, on February 14, 2013. On May 6, 2013, Kem defeated Dylan Salvador by unanimous decision at MAX Muay Thai 1 in Surin, Thailand. It was reported that he would fight Mehdi Zatout at the WBC World Muay Thai Millennium Championship in Saint-Pierre, Réunion on September 7, 2013. However, he denied ever being on the card. He was expected to fight at MAX Muay Thai 2 in Jakarta, Indonesia on June 29, 2013 but withdrew for undisclosed reasons. He KO'd Maiki Karathanasis with a third round elbow at MAX Muay Thai 3 in Zhengzhou, China on August 10, 2013. He beat Vahid Roshani by decision at MAX Muay Thai 5: The Final Chapter in Khon Kaen, Thailand on December 10, 2013.Kem lost the WBC Muaythai World Super Welterweight (-69.8 kg/154 lb) Championship when he was defeated by Vitaly Gurkov via decision at Ring Wars in Milan, Italy, on January 25, 2014. Kem competed in the welterweight (-70 kg/154 lb) tournament at Xtreme Muay Thai 2014 in Kowloon, Hong Kong on March 29, 2014, and was initially set to face Seyedisa Alamdarnezam in the semi-finals. His opponent was later changed to Victor Nagbe, who knocked out Kem with a second round high kick. He defeated Singmanee Kaewsamrit via TKO due to a cut in round two at Muay Thai in Macau on June 6, 2014. Titles and achievements

Professional:
 2012 Toyota Vigo Marathon Tournament Champion (154 lbs)
 2012 WBC World Muaythai Super Welterweight Champion (154 lbs/69.853 kg)
 2011 Thai Fight Tournament Champion (-67 kg)
 2011 21st Isuzu Cup Tournament Winner
 2010 Nuit des Champions Muaythai belt (-70 kg)
 2010 Explosion Fight Night Volume 01 Tournament champion (71 kg)
 2009 MTA Muaythai World champion (69 kg)
 2009 Nuit des Champions Muaythai belt (-67 kg)
 2009 WMC Super Welterweight (154 lbs) World champion
 2009 Thailand Super Welterweight (154 lbs) champion
 2008 WMC/S-1 King's Cup tournament champion
 2006 Rajadamnern Stadium Super Featherweight (130 lbs) champion
 Thailand Super Bantamweight champion
Amateur:
2012 I.F.M.A. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-09-28 || Win ||align=left| Prakaysaeng Gaiyang 5 Daow || Toyota Vigo Marathon 2012, Semi Final || Chiang Mai, Thailand || Decision || 3 || 3:00
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-09-28 || Win ||align=left| Thepsuthin Pumpanmuang || Toyota Vigo Marathon 2012, Quarter Final || Chiang Mai, Thailand || Decision || 3 || 3:00
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-06-09 || Win ||align=left| Alejandro Asumu Osa || WBC Battle of the belts || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (Right Elbow) || 2 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2012-05-26 || Loss ||align=left| David Kyria || Glory 1: Stockholm - 70 kg Slam Tournament, First Round || Stockholm, Sweden || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-04-17 || Win ||align=left| Mickael Cornubet || Thai Fight 2012 || Pattaya, Thailand || TKO (Doctor Stoppage) || 1 || 2:04
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-12-18 || Win ||align=left| Fabio Pinca || Thai Fight 2011 67 kg Tournament, Final || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 3 || 3:00
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-11-27 || Win ||align=left| Dongsu Kim || Thai Fight 2011 67 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-09-25 || Win ||align=left| Alessio Angelo || Thai Fight 2011 67 kg Tournament, Quarter Final || Bangkok, Thailand || TKO (Elbow/Cut) || 1 ||
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-06-11 || Win ||align=left| Nopparat Keatkhamtorn || Isuzu Tournament Final, Omnoi Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (Elbow/Cut) || 3 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-04-16 || Win ||align=left| Prakaisaeng Sit O || Isuzu Tournament Semi Final, Omnoi Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || DQ (Referee stop) || 4 || 1:30
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-02-12 || Win ||align=left| Kongjak Sor Tuantong || Isuzu Tournament 3rd Round, Omnoi Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (Right elbow) || 2 ||
|-
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2011-01-15 || Loss ||align=left| Sudsakorn Sor Klinmee || Isuzu Tournament 2nd Round, Omnoi Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-12-25 || Win ||align=left| Nopparat Keatkhamtorn || Isuzu Tournament 1st Round, Omnoi Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || TKO (Ref. stop/right cross) || 3 || 0:39
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-11-26 || Win ||align=left| Abdallah Mabel || La Nuit des Champions 2010 || Marseilles, France || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-11-02 || Win ||align=left| Prakaisaeng Sit O || Lumpini & Ratchadamnern Charity Event || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2010-09-12 || Loss ||align=left| Rachid Belaini || Fightingstars presents: It's Showtime 2010 || Amsterdam, Netherlands || KO || 2 ||
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2010-08-10 || Loss ||align=left| Prakaisaeng Sit O || Petchpiya Fights, Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-06-19 || Win ||align=left| Abdallah Mabel || Explosion Fight Night Volume 01, Final|| Brest, France || Ext.R Decision (Unanimous) || 4 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-06-19 || Win ||align=left| Ludovic Millet || Explosion Fight Night Volume 01, Semi Final|| Brest, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2010-03-13 || Loss ||align=left| Giorgio Petrosyan || Oktagon presents: It's Showtime 2010 || Milan, Italy || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-01-30 || Win ||align=left| Ali Abrayem || La Nuit des Titans|| Tours, France || TKO (Corner stoppage/low kicks) || 3 ||
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2009-11-28 || Win ||align=left| Diego Calzolari || Gotti Promotion presents: Muay Thai || Trieste, Italy || TKO (Corner stop/elbows) ||3 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2009-11-14 || Win ||align=left| Fabio Pinca || La Nuit des Champions 2009 || Marseilles, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2009-01-03 || Win ||align=left| Shiriya Ishige || M.I.D. Japan presents "Thailand Japan" 2009 || Japan || TKO || 3 ||
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2008-12-21 || Win ||align=left| Rudolf Durica || Return of the King II || Paramaribo, Suriname || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2008-12-05 || Win ||align=left| Egon Racz || King's Cup WMC/S-1 tournament || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-09-10 || Win ||align=left| Smagulov Almas || IFMA 2012 World Muaythai Championships, 1/4 final (71 kg) || Saint Petersburg, Russia || Decision || 4 || 2:00
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-09-08 || Win ||align=left| Azizbek Nazarov || IFMA 2012 World Muaythai Championships, 2nd Round (71 kg) || Saint Petersburg, Russia || KO || 1 ||
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-09-07 || Win ||align=left| Jarkko Kekaraien || IFMA 2012 World Muaythai Championships, 1st Round (71 kg) || Saint Petersburg, Russia || Decision || 4 || 2:00
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

See also
List of male kickboxers

External links
Sitsongpeenong Muaythai Camp

References

1984 births
Living people
Bantamweight kickboxers
Featherweight kickboxers
Lightweight kickboxers
Welterweight kickboxers
Kem Sitsongpeenong
Kem Sitsongpeenong
Kunlun Fight kickboxers

masks:
Kem Sitsongpeng
Kem Sitsongpek Pakkhoth


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<mask> ( ; born 20 July 1978) is an English-born Scottish former footballer who played more than 300 games as a midfielder in the Football League. Between 2004 and 2006, he represented Scotland, the country of his grandfather, at full international level on 14 occasions. Personal life
Quashie was born in the London Borough of Southwark to a Ghanaian father and an English mother. He and former wife Joanna had a son, who died shortly after birth, and a daughter. He has a son with partner Kerry Clarke. Club career

Queens Park Rangers
He began his career in London as a trainee with Queens Park Rangers in August 1995, making his League debut in a 2–1 defeat against Manchester United at Old Trafford a few months later in December 1995. He was used sparingly for the remainder of that campaign, making eleven appearances as QPR were relegated from the Premier League at the end of the 1995–96 season.He made a further 13 appearances in the 1996–97 season before breaking into the first eleven on a regular basis in the 1997–98 season when he made 34 league and cup appearances. Nottingham Forest
Quashie joined Premier League side Nottingham Forest for £2.5 million at the start of the 1998–99 season but made only 18 appearances as Forest were comfortably relegated. He settled into the team in the 1999–2000 season, making 34 appearances, but was transfer listed by manager, David Platt, at the end of a disappointing season as Forest finished well short of the promotion places. By July, he reportedly had attracted interest from several clubs, including West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham City with Portsmouth understood to have made an offer. Portsmouth
Quashie joined Portsmouth in August 2000 for a fee worth up to £600,000, signing a three-year contract. He quickly established himself in the first-team, making 37 league and cup appearances in the 2001–02 season as Portsmouth finished in the lower half of the First Division. He made a further 44 appearances in the 2002–03 season and was club vice-captain when Portsmouth won the First Division championship and were promoted to the Premier League.No sooner had he returned from a six-week layoff with a knee injury in December 2003 than he suffered an injury to his opposite knee leading him to miss a further six weeks of the 2003–04 season. However, Quashie remained a first choice player, making 25 appearances as Portsmouth claimed 13th place in the Premier League. Although Quashie was a regular starter in the 2004–05 season and club captain, he had not been offered a new contract despite being out of contract at the end of the season and joined former Portsmouth manager, Harry Redknapp, at Southampton during the January 2005 transfer window. Southampton
Quashie joined Southampton for a fee of £2.1 million in January 2005, signing a three-and-a-half-year contract. He said, "It's a big move for me and I am happy to be linking up with Harry Redknapp again. I am certain we will stay up – I would not have come here if I had any doubts about that, but we need to get a few results quickly." The chairman of Southampton, Rupert Lowe, said, "Harry really wanted <mask> – he thinks he is a strong character who will add to the dressing room.We are delighted to make him our third signing since Harry arrived." A training ground injury prevented Quashie from making his debut against Liverpool on 22 January 2005 and he did not make his debut until the match against Everton on 6 February. After the transfer of Jason Dodd, he became the club's captain but he was unable to prevent the Saints being relegated at the end of the 2004–05 season. Despite relegation, Quashie said that he had no regrets over the move to Southampton as he had been unhappy with the way he had been treated at Portsmouth. However, following Redknapp's departure and his replacement with George Burley, Quashie was allowed to leave Southampton in the January 2006 transfer window. West Bromwich Albion
Quashie joined West Bromwich Albion in January 2006 for £1.2 million, signing a three-and-a-half-year contract. Manager Bryan Robson, "I always liked <mask> when he played for QPR, Portsmouth and Southampton.He is intelligent, has good stamina and is a very good passer of the ball. He has got the experience now of relegation fights and playing in the Premiership. I just feel he will improve our squad." He made his debut for Albion in a 2–0 Premier League win over Blackburn Rovers on 4 February 2006. He was charged with misconduct by the Football Association after being sent off against Middlesbrough three weeks later for alleged use of foul and abusive language towards the referee's assistants as he left the pitch and was given a one-game ban in addition to a four-game ban for the sending off, his second of the season, and a £5,000 fine after admitting misconduct. His only goal for the club came in a 3–1 defeat against Arsenal in April 2006. Albion were relegated at the end of the season.Quashie achieved the rare distinction of being relegated from the Premiership in two successive seasons. Following relegation, Quashie was allowed to leave in the January 2007 transfer window as he expressed a wish to return to the Premier League and manager, Tony Mowbray, wanted to raise some revenue to bring in new players. West Ham United
Quashie became Alan Curbishley's second signing of the transfer window when he joined West Ham United on a three-and-a-half-year contract for an initial fee of £1.5 million, rising to £1.75 million after West Ham successfully avoided relegation in the 2006–07 season. Curbishley explained that he had signed Quashie "...because he is an experienced player who will add competition to our central midfield positions [...] The competition for places is a factor that will be important to us as we fight to move up the table..." Quashie made his debut against Fulham a few days later and went on to make eight appearances, none of them on the winning side, as West Ham battled against relegation. A persistent foot injury meant that Quashie did not play a single competitive match during 2007–08. He made his comeback in a friendly match against Queens Park Rangers in August 2008. The signing of Swiss international Valon Behrami in the summer of 2008 and the emergence of academy graduates Jack Collison and Junior Stanislas meant that competition for midfield places was much stiffer.In January 2010 he was released by West Ham and rejoined QPR. Birmingham City
Quashie trained with Birmingham City of the Championship for several weeks to regain fitness before signing on loan, initially for a month, on 22 October 2008. He went straight into the squad for that day's match against Crystal Palace, and made his debut as a second-half substitute. Despite missing the last game of his initial loan spell through suspension, having been sent off in the match against Charlton Athletic, the loan was extended for a further month, and again for a third and final month, until 17 January 2009. Quashie returned to West Ham on 19 January, having played 11 times for Birmingham. Wolverhampton Wanderers
Quashie joined Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers on 22 January 2009 on loan until the end of the season. He made three consecutive appearances for the team before quickly dropping out of contention as the club won promotion to the Premier League as champions.Milton Keynes Dons
In November 2009 Quashie joined League One side Milton Keynes Dons on loan until 3 January 2010. He made a losing start to his MK Dons career coming on in the first half for Luke Howell in the 4–3 home defeat to Carlisle United on 24 November. Quashie scored his first goal for MK Dons on 12 December in a 2–1 away win against Leyton Orient. In total in seven League games he scored two goals. Return to Queens Park Rangers
Quashie returned to his first professional club, Queens Park Rangers on 22 January 2010, stating; "It's great to be back home, and I am delighted to be at a club that I love to pieces". He made his second QPR debut in the 5–0 defeat at one of his former clubs, Nottingham Forest. Quashie was released by QPR at the end of the 2009–10 season.Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur
On 13 April 2012, Quashie joined 1. deild karla side Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur on a two-year contract as both a player and as assistant manager to Andri Marteinsson. He is also a coach in the ÍR academy. Quashie made his league debut for ÍR on 12 May 2012 and scored the team's second goal in the 3–2 win against KA. Following the dismissal of manager Andri Marteinsson on 21 August 2012 with ÍR at the bottom of the division, Quashie was appointed to take charge of the team until the end of the 2012 season. BÍ/Bolungarvík
In January 2013, Quashie signed a 3-year contract with 1. deild karla club BÍ/Bolungarvík. He also served as assistant coach in all three seasons. He retired from playing football following the 2015 season.International career
After several impressive performances for QPR, Quashie was awarded four England Under-21 and an England 'B' caps. He is eligible to play for the Scottish national football team through a Scottish grandfather and, given the opportunity to play international football for Scotland in April 2004, said "I have been asked to prove my grandfather came from Scotland, but that is no problem. He was born in Glasgow and I'd be very interested in playing for Scotland. I'd never given up hope of forcing my way into the full England set-up but I would consider playing for Scotland." Quashie switched his allegiance to Scotland and made his international debut against Estonia in May 2004. Quashie thus became only the second black player to represent Scotland (after Andrew Watson in 1881) and the third non white person (after Paul Wilson in 1975). He scored in his second game, a 4–1 win over Trinidad and Tobago, a few days later.Berti Vogts said of him, "<mask> is a fantastic player and a real leader on the pitch. He feels so Scottish and that's great." In total Quashie made 14 appearances for Scotland, scoring one goal. Career statistics

Club

International appearances

International goals
Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first. See also
List of Scotland international footballers born outside Scotland
List of sportspeople who competed for more than one nation

References

External links

<mask>e profile at whufc.com (West Ham United official website)

1978 births
People from Nunhead
Footballers from the London Borough of Southwark
Living people
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
English footballers
England under-21 international footballers
England B international footballers
British sportspeople of Ghanaian descent
Scottish people of Ghanaian descent
Scottish people of English descent
English people of Scottish descent
English sportspeople of Ghanaian descent
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C.players
Southampton F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players
<mask>shie
Nigel Quashie
Premier League players
English Football League players
Expatriate footballers in Iceland
Black British sportspeople
Association football midfielders
Sportspeople of African descent
Association football coaches

masks:
Nigel Francis Quashie
Nigel
Nigel
Nigel
Nigel Quashi
Nigel Qua


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<mask> (born August 18, 1946) is an American lawyer and labor union activist and leader. He was elected President of the United Auto Workers (UAW) on June 15, 2010. His term of office ended in June 2014, and <mask> announced his retirement, being succeeded by Dennis Williams as head of the UAW. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Michigan in 1946. His father, William J<mask>, Sr. was director of industrial relations at Ford Motor Company. He graduated from University of Detroit Jesuit High School in 1964.He attended College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, and studied religion and philosophy before transferring to the University of Michigan. He graduated from Michigan with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1968. While in college, he worked during the summer at automobile assembly plants owned by General Motors and Chrysler. From 1968 to 1970, <mask> served in the United States Army in South Korea. <mask> earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Detroit Law School in 1973. Career
<mask> was employed full-time by Ford in 1970, taking a position in the Detroit Parts Depot where he became a member of UAW Local 600. He became an electrician's apprentice in 1972.Union leadership
<mask> rose steadily and quickly in the leadership of Local 600. Local 600 (which represented workers at the gigantic Ford River Rouge Complex) was once the largest local union in the UAW and one of the largest local unions in the world, and had a long history of being one of the most liberal unions in the UAW. <mask> was elected vice president of Local 600 in 1981, and president of the 17,000-member local in 1984. After winning re-election in 1987, <mask> was named chair of the UAW-Ford Negotiating Committee, which bargained the company-wide master contract at Ford Motor Company. He bargained with Ford alongside future UAW president Stephen Yokich. While president of Local 600, <mask> expanded the union's membership into areas outside the automotive industry. In the 1980s, he led Local 600 in organizing 1,000 health care workers.He served as the chair of the UAW constitutional amendments committee at the 1983 and 1986 UAW conventions. In June 1989, <mask> was elected to the first of what would become three three-year terms as Director of Region 1A, a UAW administrative unit that covered most of Monroe, Washtenaw, and Wayne counties in Michigan. In 1990, he helped co-found and later co-chaired the Labor/Management Council for Economic Renewal, a non-profit organization made up of small businesses and local unions which exchanged information on best business practices. <mask> ran for UAW vice president in 1994, but did not win. During the 1995-1997 Detroit newspaper strike, <mask> engaged in acts of civil disobedience and was arrested three times between 1996 and 1997. UAW organizing efforts
In November 1997, <mask> was assigned to oversee the union's National Organizing Department, a position created especially for him.<ref>"UAW Creates New Post," Newsday, November 14, 1997; Diary," Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 15, 1997; "New UAW Post Targets Increase in Membership," Dallas Morning News, November 16, 1997.</ref> UAW members approved making the position an elected vice president in June 1998, and <mask> was elected that year.Sherefkin, "UAW Organizing Drive to Target Suppliers," Crain's Detroit Business, June 22, 1998. It was the first new vice presidency created in many years.During his four-year tenure in this latter position, <mask> pushed the UAW to organize retail workers at Kmart, casino workers; state, county, and local government employees; and graduate student teaching and research assistants.Serwach, "UAW Loses Fight With Kmart in Canton After Wins Elsewhere," Crain's Detroit Business, May 24, 1999. Yokich defended <mask>'s outreach to these nontraditional constituencies of the UAW. <mask> also established six regional organizing centers to help devolve responsibility for organizing closer to the worksite. By November 2000, he had led organizational drives which added about 50,000 new members to the union. By 2001, more than 22,000 state government workers in Michigan belonged to the UAW, as did some 15,000 graduate student workers. More than 20,000 of the 60,000 new members the UAW organized between 2002 and 2006 worked outside the automotive industry. Under his leadership, the UAW organized another 6,000 new members between 2006 and 2009.But his organizing drives also saw some major setbacks, such as when Nissan workers in Tennessee rejected UAW representation 2-to-1 in what was seen as a major setback for the union in its Southern organizing effort. Another loss came at Freightliner in North Carolina, and a major organizing effort at Mercedes-Benz never resulted in an election. The union did make organizing headway among auto parts suppliers, however. During his tenure at the head of the UAW National Organizing Department, <mask> extensively utilized card check, employer neutrality agreements, and collective bargaining clauses that provided for card check, employer neutrality, and/or expedited representation elections overseen by a neutral third party in plants newly opened by the employer. The UAW's aggressive use of these types of agreements led to two challenges before the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). Workers at two companies organized by the UAW under card-check and neutrality agreements, Metaldyne and Dana Corporation, sought to have the UAW ousted as the labor representative at their respective plants. The NLRB consolidated the two cases, and in Dana Corporation, 351 NLRB No.28 (September 29, 2007), the Board significantly amended its existing policy so that, if an employer voluntarily recognizes the union a card check agreement, workers do not have to wait the required 45 days before petitioning the NLRB for decertification of the union. The decision was declared highly significant by both right-to-work advocates and labor unions, even though it only applied to future card check campaigns and did not affect the workers at Dana Corp. or Metaldyne. <mask> won re-election as vice president in 2002.Garsten, "Ron Gettelfinger Elected to Lead UAW," Associated Press, June 5, 2002. In addition to his organizing duties, he was also appointed head of the UAW's Competitive Shop/Independents, Parts and Suppliers (IPS) Department, which assisted members and local unions in the auto parts and automotive supply industries. <mask> was elected to a third term as vice president in 2006.Durbin, "UAW President to Seek Another Term at Convention in Las Vegas," Associated Press, December 6, 2005; Maynard, "U.A.W. President Elected for Another 4 Years," New York Times, June 15, 2006. Under UAW rules, vice presidents are appointed to run departments of the union only after they have been re-elected (which prevents candidates for campaigning based on the fact that they will run this department or that one).<mask> was in the running to oversee both the General Motors division and the Ford division, but was appointed by President Gettelfinger to lead the Ford unit. Newly elected Vice President Terry Thurman replaced <mask> as head of the National Organizing Department, and Vice President Jimmy Settles replaced him as head of the IPS Department. Negotiator with Ford during automotive crisis
<mask> confronted major financial crises at Ford Motor Co. during his leadership of the Ford Department, and negotiated several agreements with the automaker during a three-year period. <mask> adopted a much more conciliatory tone toward Ford in his first public speech as head of the department. In August 2006, he led negotiations which led to Ford offering its unionized hourly employees buyouts worth tens of thousands of dollars per employee. A year later, he led the team which renegotiated the union's four-year collective bargaining agreement with Ford. The press called the negotiations "historic" because the company agreed not to close some of its plants, promised to invest in its remaining plants to ensure they will remain open, was permitted to establish a two-tier wage system (which established a much smaller $14-an-hour wage for new hires), and moved $22 billion in retiree health care obligations to a new union-run voluntary employee beneficiary association (VEBA).Members of the UAW voted overwhelmingly to ratify the agreement, 79 percent to 21 percent. With the onset of the automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010, however, <mask> was forced to go back to the bargaining table in an attempt to help save Ford Motor Co. from bankruptcy. <mask> helped negotiate another wave of buyouts in January 2008. But the total number of workers taking the buyouts were only half the 8,000 workers Ford had hoped for (largely because workers worried they would not find employment in the bad job market). Nonetheless, <mask> had negotiated contracts which had helped Ford cut 40 percent of its workforce since 2005. The UAW agreed to more buyouts in September 2008. In February 2009, <mask> led the UAW team in negotiating a historic agreement which allowed Ford to make up to 50 percent of its required payment into the VEBA using common stock in lieu of cash.Johnson and Krisher, "UAW Official: 2nd Ford Local Approves Concessions," Associated Press, March 2, 2009.The agreement also froze wages, cut or eliminated non-base-wage cash bonuses, eliminated pay for laid-off workers, and required workers to take a two-week unpaid furlough or give up their matching pension contribution. Run for president of the UAW
In the mid-1980s, <mask> was being called one of the "bright young hopes for the future" and a "militant ... up-and comer" by the press. For expanding the union's membership base outside the automotive industry, he was called a "leader to watch in the coming decade", and frequently mentioned as a possible successor to UAW President Stephen Yokich.Serwach, "Potential Leaders Have Pros, Cons," Crain's Detroit Business, February 14, 2000. <mask> appeared to be setting up for a run in 2002 when he began criticizing retiring UAW President Stephen Yokich for being too friendly with employers and creating a strong union bureaucracy rather than a strong union. But in November 2001, Ron Gettelfinger announced he was a candidate for president of the union, and <mask> ran for re-election on Gettelfinger's slate. Gettelfinger announced in March 2009 that he would not seek a third term as UAW president, leading some news outlets to declare <mask> one of his possible successors. Shortly thereafter, <mask> began stepping up his criticism of the three largest American automakers.He had particularly harsh words for General Motors, because it took aid from the federal government and yet still closed plants and because it said it would import vehicles from overseas to meet U.S. demand. As <mask> considered running for the presidency of the UAW, Ford asked for a third round of concessionary negotiations in May 2009. Ford Motor Co. was worried that General Motors and Chrysler had won largers concessions from the UAW, concessions which were not important now but which might give these automakers a competitive advantage in the future. <mask> refused to negotiate immediately, and did not begin talking with Ford executives until August 2009. During these talks, Ford sought changes in work rules, a ban on strikes during the life of the contract, and the imposition of yet another two-tier wage system for new hires. A tentative agreement was reached on October 13, 2009, that froze wages for entry level workers, limited but did not eliminate the union's right to strike, required Ford to commit to production levels at existing plants, and required Ford to give workers a $1,000 cash bonus in March 2010. But significant opposition to the new agreement broke out among the UAW members at Ford.Despite extensive efforts by <mask> to secure ratification of the deal, UAW members rejected the contract roughly 70 percent to 30 percent. Gettelfinger said the rejection of the contract was a personal reflection of his leadership, and did not reflect on <mask>'s leadership or negotiating skills. Gettelfinger then imposed the contract on UAW members by invoking a seldom-used provision of the UAW's constitution. On December 10, 2009, just a month after the Ford contract was rejected, <mask> announced he would run for the presidency of the UAW. There were some concerns voiced in the press about <mask>'s viability as a candidate, since the UAW had lost 40 percent of its membership in the past eight years (18 percent since 2008),Snavely, "Challenges Await <mask> as UAW Head," Detroit Free Press, June 13, 2010. and had seen its assets shrink by $69 million (5.8 percent) since 2008. Although the rules of the political caucus that nominated <mask> require union officers to retire after reaching the age of 65, the 63-year-old King ran anyway even though this meant he could serve only a single term. <mask> was opposed by Gary Walkowicz, a member from King's former Local 600."Ford Worker in Long-Shot Bid for UAW Presidency," Associated Press, June 10, 2010. It was the first time since 1992 that there had been a contest for the presidency of the UAW. <mask> won the race for President of the UAW on June 15, 2010. The vote was 2,115 to 74, giving <mask> a winning margin of 97 percent of the vote.Snavely, "UAW's <mask> Expected to Give Union Spark," Detroit Free Press, June 17, 2010. One newspaper reporter described <mask> as an effective organizer and a "fiery" public speaker. <mask> said he would pursue an agenda of "equality of gain" under which financially recovered automakers would share their economic gains with workers.Krisher, "Union Leader: Workers Must Gain If Autos Recover," Associated Press, May 11, 2010; Bunkley, "U.A.W. Wants to Share in Big 3's Gains After Years of Pain," New York Times, May 13, 2010.The UAW's contracts the Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors all expire in 2011.

masks:
Robert Thompson King
King
Bob King
. King
King
King
King
Bob King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
Bob King
King
Bob King
King
King


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 <mask> also said he would seek to roll back some of the concessions the union had made in the past four years, and engage in extensive organizing to rebuild the union's membership. According to Bernie Ricke, president of Local 600, <mask> is a firm believer in Social Movement Unionism, a philosophy that argues unions should form and promote broad coalitions to seek greater social and economic justice. Retirement
Traditionally, no one over the age of 65 runs for president of the UAW. Since <mask> was 67 years old, he declined to run for re-election in 2014 and will retire. Other positions
<mask> is a member of the NAACP, the Democratic Party, and the Coalition of Labor Union Women. He has also served as a national vice president of the Muscular Dystrophy Association.<mask> is also a committed human rights activist. He led a group of union officials to El Salvador in 1989 to monitor elections there,Snavely, "<mask>'s Activist Roots Go Deep," Detroit Free Press, June 13, 2010. and he has participated in protests at the School of the Americas, a United States Department of Defense facility at Fort Benning near Columbus, Georgia, which many accuse of training Latin American soldiers and officers in techniques later used to commit human rights violations.Walsh, "SOA Watch: City Prepares for Protesters," Columbus Ledger-Enquirer, November 14, 2004. Personal life
<mask> married Moe Fitzsimons, and the couple have five children, of which two were adopted from South Korea. References

Bibliography
Akre, Brian A. " Strikes to Dominate UAW Convention." Associated Press. June 21, 1998.Aguilar, Louis. "<mask> Wins UAW Presidency." Detroit News. June 17, 2010. Aguilar, Louis. "Passion, Pragmatism Drive UAW's King." Detroit News.June 11, 2010. Aguilar, Louis. "UAW Dissident Will Seek Union Presidency." Detroit News. June 10, 2010. Aguilar, Louis. "UAW Won't Try to Reach New Deal."Detroit News. November 3, 2009. Atkins, Kimberly. " National Labor Relations Board Draws Union Ire." Lawyers USA. November 19, 2007. Barkholz, David."Business-Labor Partnerships Grow Amid Some Skepticism." Crain's Detroit Business. November 29, 1993. Braunstein, Janet. "Bieber: Workers Gave Ford Its Success." Associated Press. June 10, 1987.Bunkley, Nick. "New Autoworkers Leader Hopes to Revitalize Union." New York Times. June 16, 2010. Bunkley, Nick. "Next Chief Is Nominated for a Troubled Auto Union." New York Times.December 16, 2009. Bunkley, Nick. "Some Union Votes Go Against Cuts at Ford." New York Times. October 28, 2009. Bunkley, Nick. "U.A.W.Asks Ford Workers To Accept Revised Contract." New York Times. October 14, 2009. Bunkley, Nick. "U.A.W. Wants to Share in Big 3's Gains After Years of Pain." New York Times.May 13, 2010. Bunkley, Nick and Maynard, Micheline. "Buyouts at Ford Are No. 1 Topic for Union Leaders Today." New York Times. August 29, 2006. Cabadas, Joseph.River Rouge: Ford's Industrial Colossus. St. Paul, Minn.: Motorbooks International, 2004. Carty, Sharon Silke. "Ford Offers Hourly Workers Buyouts." USA Today. September 15, 2006. Chappell, Lindsay."The UAW Knocks, But Few Workers Answer." Automotive News. April 8, 2002. Clanton, Brett and Hoffman, Bryce G. "UAW Appoints New Guard." Detroit News. June 16, 2006.Diary." Cleveland Plain Dealer.November 15, 1997. Dine, Philip. " Labor Marching Again, But Does It Matter?" St. Louis Post-Dispatch. November 23, 2007. Durbin, Dee-Ann. "UAW President to Seek Another Term at Convention in Las Vegas."Associated Press. December 6, 2005. Durbin, Dee-Ann and Krisher, Tom. "AP Source: UAW to Nominate King as Next President." Associated Press. December 11, 2009. Durbin, Dee-Ann and Krisher, Tom."Ford, UAW See Opposition to Contract Changes." Associated Press. October 22, 2009. Durbin, Dee-Ann and Krisher, Tom. "Ford Workers Reject Contract Changes." Associated Press. October 31, 2009.Ellis, Michael. "Gettelfinger Outlines Goals." Detroit Free Press. June 16, 2006. Evanoff, Ted. "UAW Chief Could Use a Gore Win." Indianapolis Star.November 4, 2000. "Ford Deal Overwhelmingly Approved by UAW." Buffalo Business First. November 14, 2007. "Ford Mustang Plan." Reuters. August 20, 1987."Ford Worker in Long-Shot Bid for UAW Presidency." Associated Press. June 10, 2010. Gallagher, John. "GM, DC May Opt to Change Suppliers." Detroit Free Press. June 14, 2002.Gallagher, John. "Next UAW Leader Looks For Growth." Detroit Free Press. November 9, 2001. Gallagher, John. "UAW's Chief Defends Daimler." Detroit Free Press.April 6, 2001. Gardner, Greg and Snavely, Brent. "<mask>ised to Take Helm of UAW." Detroit Free Press. December 12, 2009. Garsten, Ed. "Gettelfinger to Run for UAW Leader."Associated Press. November 8, 2001. Garsten, Ed. "Ron Gettelfinger Elected to Lead UAW." Associated Press. June 5, 2002. Garsten, Ed."UAW Reports Progress in Organizing Workers at Supplier's Plants." Associated Press. August 6, 2002. Gittell, Jody Hoffer. High Performance Healthcare: Using the Power of Relationships to Achieve Quality, Efficiency and Resilience. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009. Gould, William B.A Primer on American Labor Law. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2004. Grant, Alison. "NLRB Reviewing Unions' Strategy." Cleveland Plain Dealer. June 12, 2004.Haglund, Rick. "UAW Expanding Membership Beyond Autoworkers." Newhouse News Service. May 2, 2001. Hakim, Danny. "Big Loss at Nissan Seems to Undercut U.A.W. Objectives."New York Times. October 5, 2001. Higgins, James V. "Gettelfinger Quickly Shows Companies UAW Means Business." Detroit News. June 16, 2002. Higgins, Tim. "An Uncertain Future."Detroit Free Press. March 20, 2009. Hoffman, Bryce G. "Ford Offers Richer Buyouts." Detroit News. January 24, 2008. Hoffman, Bryce G. "Ford Union Workers Protest Contract Deal." Detroit News.October 23, 2009. Hoffman, Bryce G. "<mask>erges As Next UAW Chief." Detroit News. December 12, 2009. Hoffman, Bryce G. "UAW-Ford Deal Saves Some Plants From Closure." Detroit News. November 3, 2007.Hoffman, Bryce G. "UAW, Ford Sign Contract." Detroit News. December 4, 2007. Hoffman, Bryce G. "UAW, Heads of Ford Locals Talk." Detroit News. August 6, 2009. Hoffman, Bryce G. "UAW Vice President Criticizes GM Plan."Detroit News. May 7, 2009. Hoffman, Bryce G. "UAW Vote May Hurt Ford, Region." Detroit News. November 2, 2009. Hoffman, Bryce G.; Clanton, Brett; and Terlep, Sharon. "UAW Chiefs Warm to More Ford Buyouts."Detroit News. August 30, 2006. Hoffman, Bryce G. and Valcourt, Josee. "Leadership Change Looms." Detroit News. June 9, 2006. Holland, Jesse J."NLRB Sets Window for Decertification." USA Today. October 2, 2007. Howes, Daniel. "Workers May Derail Ford." Detroit News. October 27, 2009.Hudson, Mike. "Gettelfinger Puts Priority on Health Care." Detroit News. June 20, 2003. Johnson, Kimberly S. "UAW Bristles As Ford Seeks Further Concessions." Associated Press. August 27, 2009.Johnson, Kimberly S. and Krisher, Tom. "UAW Official: 2nd Ford Local Approves Concessions." Associated Press. March 2, 2009. Jones, Terril Yue. "UAW Loses Bid to Enter Nissan Plant." Los Angeles Times.October 4, 2001. Kertesz, Louise. "UAW Dissidents Lose Out." Automotive News. June 26, 1989. Kertesz, Louise and Mandel, Dutch. "In a Bind Over Repairs, Mazda Concedes to Union."Automotive News. October 9, 1989. Konrad, Rachel. "Police Arrest 21 at Latest Protest in Paper Strike." Detroit Free Press. August 31, 1996. Konrad, Rachel."66 Arrested in Protest at Free Press Building." Detroit Free Press. March 29, 1996. Krisher, Tom. "AP Source: Ford Says It Wants 4,200 Fewer Workers." Associated Press. September 11, 2008.Krisher, Tom. "Ford Execs Expect Buyouts to Help Return Company to Black Ink." Associated Press. February 15, 2008. Krisher, Tom. "Ford Likely to Fall Short of Hourly Job Reduction Target." Associated Press.March 21, 2008. Krisher, Tom. "UAW Chooses Key Negotiators for Bargaining." Associated Press. June 15, 2006. Krisher, Tom. "Union Leader: Workers Must Gain If Autos Recover."Associated Press. May 11, 2010. Krisher, Tom and Durbin, Dee-Ann. "Ford, Union Reach Tentative Deal." Associated Press. November 3, 2007. Krisher, Tom and Durbin, Dee-Ann."Local UAW Leaders Unanimously Recommend Approval of Tentative 4-Year Contract With Ford." Associated Press. November 5, 2007. Lindquist, Diane. " UAW Convention Official Sees a Pivotal Year Ahead for Union." San Diego Union-Tribune. June 5, 1986.Lippert, John. "Retooling the UAW." Detroit Free Press. August 1, 1994. Lippert, John. "The UAW Campaign: Top Job Is A Given." Detroit Free Press.September 15, 1994. Lippert, John. "UAW Chief Expected to Get Vote of Confidence With Re-Election." Cleveland Plain Dealer. June 21, 1998. Lippert, John and Naughton, Keith. "UAW Set to Nominate King as President."Buffalo News. December 12, 2009. Massing, Michael. "Detroit's Strange Bedfellows." New York Times. February 7, 1988. Maynard, Micheline."UAW Leaders Happy at Victory Over Dissidents." United Press International. May 16, 1983. Maynard, Micheline. "U.A.W. President Elected for Another 4 Years." New York Times.June 15, 2006. Maynard, Micheline and Bunkley, Nick. "Union Reaches Tentative 4-Year Agreement With Ford." New York Times. November 4, 2007. McCracken, Jeffrey. "UAW Wins Major Pact."Detroit Free Press. August 14, 2003. Miller, Bruce A. "Gettelfinger Creates Strategy for Increasing Union Ranks." Detroit News. August 8, 2002. Miller, Joe."Yokich Calls for New Global Ties." Automotive News. June 29, 1998. Miller, Karin. "Nissan Workers at Tennessee Plant Reject UAW Representation." Associated Press. October 3, 2001."New UAW Post Targets Increase in Membership." Dallas Morning News. November 16, 1997. Nowell, Paul. "Freightliner Workers Reject Offer to Join UAW." Associated Press. March 20, 2002."People." Crain's Detroit Business. September 20, 1999. Ramirez, Charles E. "Supplier to Let UAW Recruit." Detroit News. October 15, 2003. Sedgwick, David."UAW Targets Auto Suppliers." Automotive News. December 21, 1998. Serwach, Joseph. "Potential Leaders Have Pros, Cons." Crain's Detroit Business. February 14, 2000.Serwach, Joseph. "UAW Loses Fight With Kmart in Canton After Wins Elsewhere." Crain's Detroit Business. May 24, 1999. Serwach, Joseph. "Waiting in the Wings." Crain's Detroit Business.February 14, 2000. Shepardson, David. "UAW Reaches Health Care Trust Fund Deal With Ford." Detroit News. February 24, 2009. Sherefkin, Robert. "UAW Organizing Drive to Target Suppliers."Crain's Detroit Business. June 22, 1998. Sherefkin, Robert and Ankeny, Robert. "Behind the Scenes, Some Local Labor Leaders Battle." Crain's Detroit Business. October 27, 1997. Siegel, Richard A."Dana Corp., 351 NLRB No. 28 (September 29, 2007)." Memorandum OM 08-07. Office of the General Counsel, National Labor Relations Board. October 22, 2007. Accessed 2010-06-18. Siegel, Suzanne."Bonior Arrested at Rally." Detroit Free Press. July 12, 1997. Snavely, Brent. "Challenges Await King as UAW Head." Detroit Free Press. June 13, 2010.Snavely, Brent. "Ford Seeks New Union Talks." Detroit Free Press. May 7, 2009. Snavely, Brent. "Ford UAW Leaders Get Local Input." Detroit Free Press.August 6, 2009. Snavely, Brent. "<mask> Excels at Strategy, Innovation." Detroit Free Press. March 14, 2010. Snavely, Brent. "King's Activist Roots Go Deep."Detroit Free Press. June 13, 2010. Snavely, Brent. "Most Opposed Ford Deal Changes." Detroit Free Press. November 3, 2009. Snavely, Brent."UAW's <mask> Expected to Give Union Spark." Detroit Free Press. June 17, 2010. Stepan-Norris, Judith and Zeitlin, Maurice. Left Out: Reds and America's Industrial Unions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Tierney, Christine and Aguilar, Louis."UAW Looks Toward Gettelfinger Successor." Detroit News. March 20, 2009. United Auto Workers. 2007 Media Fact Book. Detroit: United Auto Workers, 2007. Accessed 2010-06-19."UAW Creates New Post." Newsday. November 14, 1997. "UAW Head Yokich Enjoyed Success, Suffered Problems During Tenure." Associated Press. May 19, 2001. "UAW Official Says Union Willing to Help With 'Crisis' at Ford."Associated Press. August 8, 2006. "UAW Picks Officers." Detroit Free Press. November 7, 1994. "UAW, Rouge Steel Settle Tentatively After Year of Bargaining." Associated Press.July 14, 1987. Von Bergen, Jane M. "Angry Clash of Ideologies Splits NLRB." The Philadelphia Inquirer. November 10, 2007. Walsh, Mick. "SOA Watch: City Prepares for Protesters." Columbus Ledger-Enquirer.November 14, 2004. Walsh, Tom. "Gettelfinger Has to Flex Workers' Muscle." Detroit Free Press. October 11, 2007. Walsh, Tom. "UAW Raps GM Plan on Imports."Detroit Free Press. May 7, 2009. Webster, Sarah A. "Ford Buyouts Under 3,000." Detroit Free Press. November 5, 2008. Webster, Sarah A."Ford Is Building a Better Buyout." Detroit Free Press. January 24, 2008. Webster, Sarah A. "Ford to Expand Buyout Campaign." Detroit Free Press. September 5, 2008.Webster, Sarah A. "Ford, UAW Tentative Deal: No Strike, No More Plant Closings." Detroit Free Press. November 3, 2007. Webster, Sarah A. "UAW, Axle Alliance Reach a Noteworthy Contract." Detroit Free Press.October 12, 2004. Webster, Sarah A. "UAW Leaders Applaud Ford Deal." Detroit Free Press. November 6, 2007. Webster, Sarah A. "UAW Woos Parts Makers."Detroit Free Press. August 30, 2003. Whoriskey, Peter. "Ford, UAW Agree to Labor Contract." Washington Post. October 14, 2009. Wieland, Barbara."Neutrality Pacts Hit Nerve for Workers." Lansing State Journal. May 16, 2004. Woodyard, Chris. "UAW Sees Growth Past Blue Collar." USA Today. June 16, 2006.Zverina, Jan A. "Ford Distributes Profit Sharing Checks." United Press International. March 12, 1986. External links
United Auto Workers Web site
UAW Local 600 Web site

1946 births
American Episcopalians
Presidents of the United Auto Workers
Living people
Trade unionists from Michigan
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy

masks:
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
Bob King
King Po
King Em
King
Bob King


text_chunks:
is a Korean-Japanese billionaire technology entrepreneur, investor and philanthropist. A 3rd generation "Zainichi Korean", he naturalized as a Japanese citizen in 1990. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Japanese holding company SoftBank, CEO of SoftBank Mobile and chairman of UK-based Arm Holdings. As of October 2021, Bloomberg Billionaires Index estimated <mask>'s net worth at US$23.1 billion, making him the second richest man in Japan and 68th richest person in the world, despite having the distinction of losing the most money in history (approximately $70bn during the dot com crash of 2000). <mask> was named the world's 45th most powerful person by Forbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People. As of July 2020, <mask> ranks 32nd on the Forbes list of The World's Billionaires 2020. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Tosu (鳥栖市, Tosu-shi), a city in the eastern part of Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan.<mask> is a 3rd generation "Zainichi Korean", who are ethnic Koreans with permanent residency or citizenship in Japan. <mask>'s grandfather moved from Daegu to Japan during the Japanese colonial period. His grandfather is <mask>-kyung and his father is <mask>-heon. <mask>-ui was born as the second son of four sons. <mask>'s mother is also a Korean. His grandfather, <mask>-kyung, worked as a miner, while his father, <mask>-heon, worked as a fish dealer and pig farmer. When <mask> was young, <mask> was so poor that he lived with pigs and sheep.He left to study in the U.S. on the advice of Japanese McDonald's manager Den Fujita. At age 16, <mask> moved from Japan to California and finished high school in three weeks by taking the required exams at Serramonte High while staying with friends and family in South San Francisco. <mask> attended the University of California, Berkeley, where he majored in engineering. Enamoured by a microchip featured in a magazine, <mask> at age 19 became confident that computer technology would ignite the next commercial revolution. His first business endeavours began as a student. With the help of some professors, <mask> created an electronic translator that he sold to Sharp Corporation for $1.7 million. He made another $1.5 million by importing used video game machines from Japan, on credit and installing them in dormitories and restaurants.<mask> pursued his interests in business by securing a meeting with Japan McDonald's president Den Fujita. Taking his advice, <mask> began studying English and computer science. <mask> graduated from Berkeley with a B.A. in Economics in 1980, and started Unison in Oakland, CA, which has since been bought by Kyocera. <mask>'s family had adopted the Japanese surname  and <mask> had used that surname as a child. On returning to Japan from the U.S., he decided to use his Korean surname instead and became a role model for ethnic Korean children in Japan. Yahoo!and Alibaba
Son was an early investor in internet firms, buying a share of Yahoo! in 1995 and investing a $20 million stake into Alibaba in 1999. <mask>'s holding company SoftBank owns 29.5% of Alibaba, which is worth around $108.7 billion as of 23 October 2018. Although SoftBank's stake in Yahoo! had dwindled to 7%, <mask> established Yahoo! BroadBand in September 2001 with Yahoo! Japan in which he still owned a controlling interest.After a severe devaluation of SoftBank's equity, <mask> was forced to focus his attention on Yahoo! BB and BB Phone. So far, SoftBank has accumulated about $1.3 billion in debt. Yet, Yahoo! BB acquired Japan Telecom, the then third largest broadband and landline provider with 600,000 residential and 170,000 commercial subscribers. Yahoo! BB is now Japan's leading broadband provider.In June 2020, <mask> stepped down from the Alibaba board. Arm Holdings
In July 2016, SoftBank announced plans to acquire Arm Holdings for £23.4 billion ($31.4 billion) which would be the largest ever purchase of a European technology company. In September 2016, SoftBank announced that the transaction was complete. The total acquisition price was approximately £24 billion ($34 billion). In 2020, SoftBank Group agreed to sell U.K. chip designer Arm Limited to U.S. chip-maker Nvidia in a cash and stock deal worth up to $40 billion. The sale of Arm, which SoftBank bought in 2016 for $31 billion, is the latest in a string of major asset sales by the Japanese conglomerate. Announcing the deal on Monday, SoftBank said the combination of Arm and Nvidia will create a computing company "that will lead the era" of artificial intelligence.Sprint Corporation
In the 2010s, through his holdings in SoftBank, <mask> bought a 76% share in Sprint. SoftBank has further accumulated shares in Sprint to about 84% ownership. Investment in solar power
In response to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, <mask> <mask> criticized the nuclear industry for creating "the problem that worries Japanese the most today" and engaged in investing in a nationwide solar power network for Japan. In March 2018, it was announced that <mask> was investing in the biggest ever solar project, a 200GW development planned for Saudi Arabia as part of its Vision 2030. In July 2018, coverage indicated that <mask> "would underwrite most of 100 GW" of a planned 275 GW of new renewable provision in India by 2027. Personal life
<mask> met his wife, Masami Ohno, while they were studying abroad in the United States. They have two daughters.He lives in Tokyo in a three-story mansion that is valued at $50 million and that has a golf range with technology to mimic the weather conditions and temperature of the world’s top golf courses. He has also bought a home near Silicon Valley in Woodside, California, that cost him $117 million. He owns the SoftBank Hawks, a professional Japanese baseball team. <mask> has three brothers and is the second oldest of the siblings. His youngest brother, Taizo <mask>, is a serial entrepreneur and investor, having founded GungHo Online Entertainment and the venture capital firm Mistletoe. Philanthropy
In 2011 <mask> pledged to donate 10 billion yen ($120 million) and his remaining salary until retirement to support victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Vision Fund Investments

Established in 2017, SoftBank Group's investment vehicle, the $100 billion Vision Fund, was intended to invest in emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and the internet of things.As of 2019, it aimed to nearly double its portfolio of AI companies from 70 to 125. However, it also invested in companies supposedly focused on revolutionize real estate, transportation, and retail. <mask> claimed he would make personal connections with the CEOs of all companies funded by Vision Fund in order to enhance the creation of intertwined synergies among those companies. <mask> planned to raise $100 billion for a new fund every few years, investing about $50 billion a year in startups. In 2019, a second Vision Fund was created with a target of $108 billion, of which $38 billion would come from Softbank itself. But the amount was scaled down due to lack of investing partners beyond Softbank Group itself and Masayoshi <mask>. As of 2020, the first fund had invested in 88 companies including Coupang, Didi, Doordash, Fanatics, Grab, Oyo, Paytm Uber, and WeWork, but had experienced an awkward fall from grace as the COVID-19 pandemic and a Chinese regulatory crackdown accelerated the exposure of the Japanese investment management conglomerate's portfolio weaknesses.<mask> became noted as a stock investor after the meteoric rise of Alibaba Group. He had invested $20 million in Jack Ma's Alibaba back in 2000 when it was a young Chinese startup company although regrettably passing up early opportunities to invest in both Amazon and Tesla. In addition, he raised his global profile as stock investor since starting Softbank Vision Fund in 2017, creating an unprecedented investment vehicle of almost $100 billion to back technology startups. But by 2021, he was still struggling to persuade investors of the value of his efforts, in part because of fiascoes and troublesome losses with companies such as WeWork, OneWeb, Wirecard, OYO Rooms, Katerra or Greensill Capital, and SoftBank Group's own stock chronically traded far below the value of its assets reflecting a discount associated to tax liabilities, risk, past performance, losses, performance fees and high probability of occurrence of several haircuts given <mask>’s track record while running the Vision Fund and high enthusiasm for investing vast sums in loss-making companies at eye-popping valuations. By October 2021, <mask> <mask> had accelerated the pace of his startup investments quintupling the number of companies in his Vision Fund 2 portfolio in less than 9 months, SoftBank was cutting more deals with fewer staff than ever and the average investment amount per company had fallen from $943 million in Vision Fund 1 to $192 million in Vision Fund 2. References

External links
 . 1957 births
Baseball executives
Businesspeople in telecommunications
Japanese billionaires
Japanese chief executives
Japanese people of Korean descent
Japanese sports businesspeople
Living people
20th-century Japanese businesspeople
21st-century Japanese businesspeople
People from Saga Prefecture
SoftBank people
Naturalized citizens of Japan
Sprint Corporation
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Japanese chairpersons of corporations
Japanese company founders
Iljik Son clan
Japanese transhumanists
Japanese inventors
People named in the Pandora Papers

masks:
Son
Son
Son
Masayoshi Son
Son
Son
Son Jong
Son Sam
Son Jeong
Son
Son Jong
Son Sam
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
Son
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Son
Son
Son
Masayoshi
Son
Son
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<mask> (January 14, 1909 – October 16, 1996) was an American stage, film and television actress. She was married to Asa Bordages, a feature writer for the New York World-Telegram and playwright known for the 1941 play Brooklyn USA. Career

<mask>'s film and television career began in 1954 in The Barefoot Contessa as "Lulu McGee". She played "Maggie Blake" in the Sherlock Holmes episode, "The Case of the Belligerent Ghost". She made four guest appearances on Perry Mason in the early 1960s, including as "Agatha Culpepper" in "The Case of the Floating Stones", as Mrs. Nichols in "The Case of the Irate Inventor" in 1960, and as Sylvia Lambert in the 1963 episode "The Case of the Bluffing Blast". Her final appearance was in 1966 in the "Case of the Golfer's Gambit" as Rolasie Hedrick. During the 1965-66 season of the soap opera Days of Our Lives she made five appearances as Anna Sawyer.She made her final television appearances in 1987 in Outlaws. Theater
<mask> performed on Broadway beginning in the late 1920s. The New York Times noted her appearance in the very short-lived (5 days) 1940 production of Romantic Mr. Dickens, a drama about the romances of Charles Dickens, and wrote that she "fit smoothly into this rather unorthodox picture of a literary tradition." After beginning her work in film and television, <mask> continued work in theater, making appearances in such as Summer Voices at the Circle Theater in Los Angeles as late as 1977. Of her 1965 performance in the West Coast Repertory Company's troubled production of Long Day's Journey Into Night, the Los Angeles Times wrote "The one saving grace of the evening was the fine performance by <mask> of Mary Tyrone". Film and television
Flyn appeared in I Want To Live, Invitation to a Gunfighter and Rome Adventure. She guest starred on such television series as The Millionaire,  Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, The Loretta Young Show, Maverick, Have Gun - Will Travel, Dr Kildare, Perry Mason, Gunsmoke, Hawaii Five-O, Charlie's Angels, The Love Boat, and Hill Street Blues.<mask> appeared in the classic 1961 Twilight Zone episode, "Will the Real Martian Please Stand Up". Partial filmography

Film
 The Barefoot Contessa (1954) as Lulu McGee
 War and Peace (1956) as Mariya Peronskaya
 Difendo il mio amore (1956)
 Boy on a Dolphin (1957) as Miss Dill
 The Love Specialist (1957)
 I Want to Live! (1 episode, 1968) as Ruth Kolner
 Hawaii Five-O (1 episode, 1968) as Landlady
 Medical Center (1 episode, 1970) as Mrs. Sorenson
 The Bold Ones: The New Doctors (1 episode, 1972) as Mrs. Ross
 Ladies of the Corridor (1975) as Mary Linscott
 Charlie's Angels (1 episode, 1976) as Grace Rodeheaver
 The Love Boat (1 episode, 1977) as Mrs. Pendleton
 The Tony Randall Show (2 episodes, 1976–1977) as Kim Reubner
 How the West Was Won (1978) as Clara
 Eight Is Enough (1 episode, 1979) as Mrs. Walker
 Three's Company (1 episode, 1982) as Mrs. Peabody
 Hill Street Blues (1 episode, 1984) as Mrs. Parsons
 Seduced (1985) aa Mrs. Youngquist
 Something in Common (1986) as Aunt Celia
 Outlaws (1 episode, 1987) as Liz' Wade (final appearance)

References

External links

1909 births
1996 deaths
American film actresses
American television actresses
American stage actresses
Actresses from New York City
20th-century American actresses

masks:
Gertrude Flynn
Flynn
Flynn
Flynn
Gertrude Flynn
Flynn


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<mask>  ( ; born 10 July 1977) is an English actor. After enrolling at the National Youth Theatre in 1995 and attending the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, at age 19 and three months into his course, Ejiofor was cast by Steven Spielberg to play a supporting role in the film Amistad (1997) as James Covey. Ejiofor portrayed the characters Okwe in Dirty Pretty Things (2002), Lola in Kinky Boots (2005), Victor Sweet in Four Brothers (2005), The Operative in Serenity (2005), Thabo Mbeki in Endgame (2009), Darryl Peabody in Salt (2010), Solomon Northup in 12 Years a Slave (2013), Vincent Kapoor in The Martian (2015), Karl Mordo in Doctor Strange (2016) and Trywell Kamkwamba in The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (2019). He voiced Dr. Watson in Sherlock Gnomes (2018) and Scar in the 2019 remake of The Lion King and featured in the fantasy film Maleficent: Mistress of Evil. For 12 Years a Slave, he received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations, along with the BAFTA Award for Best Actor. He was nominated for a 2014 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for his performance on Dancing on the Edge. Ejiofor has received numerous awards and nominations for acting, including the BAFTA Orange Rising Star Award in 2006, two Golden Globe Award nominations, and the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his performance in Othello in 2008.In 2008, he was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the arts. He was elevated to Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2015 Birthday Honours. Early life
<mask> was born on 10 July 1977 in Forest Gate, London, to middle-class Nigerian parents of Igbo descent. His father, Arinze, was a doctor, and his mother, Obiajulu, was a pharmacist. His younger sister, Zain, is a CNN correspondent. His other sister Kandi is a GP doctor. In 1988, when Ejiofor was 11, during a family trip to Nigeria for a wedding, he and his father were driving to Lagos after the celebrations when their car was involved in a head-on crash with a lorry.His father was killed, and Ejiofor was badly injured, receiving scars that are still visible on his forehead. Ejiofor began acting in school plays at his junior school, Dulwich Prep London (known at the time as 'Dulwich College Preparatory School'), where he played the gravedigger in William Shakespeare's Hamlet. He continued acting at his senior school, Dulwich College and joined the National Youth Theatre. He got into the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art but left after his first year, after being cast in Steven Spielberg's film Amistad. He played the title role in Othello at the Bloomsbury Theatre in September 1995, and again at the Theatre Royal, Glasgow, in 1996, when he starred opposite Rachael Stirling as Desdemona. Career
Ejiofor made his film debut in the television film Deadly Voyage (1996). He went on to become a stage actor in London.In Steven Spielberg's Amistad, he gave support to Djimon Hounsou's Cinque as interpreter Ensign James Covey. In 1999, he appeared in the British film G:MT – Greenwich Mean Time. In 2000, he starred in Blue/Orange at the Royal National Theatre (Cottesloe stage), and later at the Duchess Theatre. That same year, his performance as Romeo in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet was nominated for the Ian Charleson Award. Ejiofor was awarded the Jack Tinker Award for Most Promising Newcomer at the Critics' Circle Theatre Awards in 2000. For his performance in Blue/Orange, Ejiofor received the London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer in 2000 and a nomination for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2001. Ejiofor had his first leading film role playing Nicky Burkett in Jeremy Cameron's It Was an Accident (2000).In 2002, he starred in Dirty Pretty Things, for which he won a British Independent Film Award for best actor. In the following year, he was part of the ensemble cast of Love Actually, starred in a BBC adaptation of Chaucer's The Knight's Tale and also starred on the BBC series Trust. Also in 2003, he starred in the lead role of Augustus in the radio production of Rita Dove's poetic drama "The Darker Face of the Earth", which premiered on the BBC World Service on 23 August of that year, marking the International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition. He starred alongside Hilary Swank in Red Dust (2004), portraying the fictional politician Alex Mpondo of post-apartheid South Africa. He played the central role of Prince Alamayou in Peter Spafford's radio play I Was a Stranger, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 17 May 2004, and he played the god Dionysus, alongside Paul Scofield's Cadmus and Diana Rigg's Agave, in Andrew Rissik's play, Dionysus, based upon Euripides' Bacchae, also broadcast by the BBC. He also received acclaim for his performance as a complex antagonist The Operative in the film Serenity (2005). Ejiofor played a revolutionary in the film Children of Men (2006).His singing and acting performance in Kinky Boots received a Golden Globe Award and British Independent Film Award nomination. He was also nominated for the BAFTA Orange Rising Star Award in 2006, which recognises emerging British film talent. <mask>'s performance in Tsunami: The Aftermath received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film in 2007. In 2007, Ejiofor starred opposite Don Cheadle in Talk to Me, a film based on the true story of Ralph "Petey" Greene (played by Cheadle), an African-American radio personality in the 1960s and 1970s. He performed on stage in The Seagull at the Royal Court Theatre from 18 January to 17 March 2007, then later that year reprised his role as Othello at the Donmar Warehouse, alongside Kelly Reilly as Desdemona and Ewan McGregor as Iago. The production received favourable reviews, with particularly strong praise for Ejiofor. "<mask> Ejiofor produces one of the most memorable performances of Othello in recent years".He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his performance. He also narrated the BBC television film Partition: The Day India Burned (2007), which was based on the Partition of India. He starred as Mike Terry in the 2008 cult film Redbelt that received favourable reviews. <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours. In the same year, he made his directorial debut in the short film Slapper, which he also wrote, based on an idea by editor/director Yusuf Pirhasan. Ejiofor appeared alongside John Cusack in the film 2012 (2009). The film went on to gross over $700 million, and is among the list of highest-grossing films of all time and placing 5th of top films of 2009.He played CIA officer Darryl Peabody in Salt (2010), and the Golden Globe Award-nominated leading role of band creator Louis Lester on the BBC Two drama series Dancing on the Edge (2013), which played on Starz in the United States. In 2013, Ejiofor took on the role of Solomon Northup in 12 Years a Slave. The film was based on Northup's memoir, edited in 1968 by historians Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, of Northup's experience as a free black man in New York, who was kidnapped in 1841 and sold into slavery in Louisiana. On casting, director Steve McQueen said:<mask> <mask> was always going to be Solomon Northup for me. I was looking for someone that had that genteelness, that kind of humanity. Knowing that humanity was going to be tested under certain duress and circumstances, I needed a person who could actually keep hold of that, even through periods of extraordinary trying and extraordinary situations where it would be tested to its absolute limit. He was the only person.At the Toronto International Film Festival, Ejiofor said he briefly hesitated about playing Northup."You wait all your life for a great script to come through the door. You're hassling your agent and all that, and then it comes and you read it and your first reaction surprises you. Your first reaction being, 'Can I do this?'" He accepted the role about 24 hours later. As part of his preparation, Ejiofor learned to play the violin, collected slave stories, maintained a slave's edge up hairstyle, and engaged in some of the physical labour that Northup did like picking cotton. Since he had not worked with McQueen before, Ejiofor also observed the working dynamic between the director and co-star Michael Fassbender, who worked with McQueen on Hunger (2008) and Shame (2011). On playing Northup, Ejiofor did feel a responsibility, not being American, to get the story of Solomon Northup as current he could, adding "I've been very grateful to show the film to his descendants and see them be so proud of it."12 Years a Slave opened to wide acclaim, with many critics citing <mask>'s performance and declaring him an almost-certain Academy Award nominee for Best Actor. From Owen Gleiberman at Entertainment Weekly: "It is <mask> Ejiofor's extraordinary performance that holds the movie together, and that allows us to watch it without blinking. He plays Solomon with a powerful inner strength, yet he never soft-pedals the silent nightmare that is Solomon's daily existence." From Christopher Orr at The Atlantic: "Ejiofor has given notable performances in the past (Dirty Pretty Things, Serenity, Talk to Me), but this is by far his most essential role to date. Stoic, watchful, compromising himself just enough to stay alive, he is the point of stillness and decency around which spin the madnesses of the film." In his The Hollywood Reporter review, Todd McCarthy wrote, "Ejiofor is terrific in a demanding character who's put through the wringer physically, mentally and emotionally." On 16 January 2014, Ejiofor was officially nominated for Best Actor for the 86th Academy Awards on 2 March.As of September 2013, Ejiofor was slated to portray Patrice Lumumba in a film adaptation of Aimé Césaire's A Season in the Congo, a role in which he had performed on stage at the Young Vic. Joe Wright, who directed the play, was to also direct the film. In 2014, Ejiofor starred in the Nigerian film Half of a Yellow Sun alongside Thandiwe Newton. It was announced in June 2014 that Ejiofor would play real-life drug dealer Thomas McFadden in film based on the book Marching Powder: A True Story of Friendship, Cocaine, and South America's Strangest Jail, written by McFadden and Australian journalist Rusty Young. In 2016, Ejiofor co-starred with his friend Benedict Cumberbatch and played Baron Mordo in the Marvel film Doctor Strange. That same year, it was announced that he would play Peter in the upcoming film Mary Magdalene, written by Helen Edmundson and directed by Garth Davis. On 1 November 2017, he was officially chosen for the role of Scar for the computer animated remake, The Lion King (2019) directed by Jon Favreau.Played by Jeremy Irons in the 1994 animated film, <mask> described Scar as more "psychologically possessed" and "brutalized" than in the original. Ejiofor stated, "especially with Scar, whether it's a vocal quality that allows for a certain confidence or a certain aggression, to always know that at the end of it you're playing somebody who has the capacity to turn everything on its head in a split second with outrageous acts of violence – that can completely change the temperature of a scene." He also said that "[Scar and Mufasa's] relationship is completely destroyed and brutalized by Scar's way of thinking. He's possessed with this disease of his own ego and his own want." Favreau said of casting Ejiofor, "[He] is just a fantastic actor, who brings us a bit of the mid-Atlantic cadence and a new take on the character. He brings that feeling of a Shakespearean villain to bear because of his background as an actor. It's wonderful when you have somebody as experienced and seasoned as Chiwetel; he just breathes such wonderful life into this character."Ejiofor narrated the 2019 documentary film The Elephant Queen. In 2019, <mask> made his feature directorial debut with The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, adapted from the memoir of the same name from William Kamkwamba, about a boy who built a wind-powered water pump in Malawi. Personal life
In 2015, Ejiofor was honoured with a Global Promise Award by The GEANCO Foundation, a non-profit welfare organisation in West Africa, for his charity work in Nigeria. On 12 September 2016, <mask>, as well as Cate Blanchett, Jesse Eisenberg, Peter Capaldi, Douglas Booth, Neil Gaiman, Keira Knightley, Juliet Stevenson, Kit Harington and Stanley Tucci, featured in a video from the United Nations' refugee agency UNHCR to help raise awareness of the global refugee crisis. The video, titled "What They Took With Them", has the actors reading a poem, written by Jenifer Toksvig and inspired by primary accounts of real refugees, and is part of UNHCR's #WithRefugees campaign, which also includes a petition to governments to expand asylum to provide further shelter, integrating job opportunities, and education. Ejiofor is a supporter of Crystal Palace F.C. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
Audiobook narrators
Best Actor AACTA International Award winners
Best Actor BAFTA Award winners
Black British male actors
British expatriate male actors in the United States
British male stage actors
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners
English expatriates in the United States
English male film actors
English male radio actors
English male Shakespearean actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male video game actors
English male voice actors
English people of Igbo descent
Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male winners
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Male actors from London
National Youth Theatre members
People educated at Dulwich College
People from Forest Gate
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors

masks:
Chiwetel Umeadi Ejiofor
Ejiofor
Ejiofor
Chiwetel
Ejiofor
Chiwetel
Ejiofor
Ejiofor
Chiwetel
Ejiofor
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<mask>-<mask> (1858–1912) was an American-born officer in the Belgian army who became an explorer and administrator in the Congo Free State. He was best known for his expedition to Katanga in 1891. Early years
<mask> was the son of <mask>, a French soldier from Normandy who had joined the Belgian revolutionaries in 1830, and then served for eighteen years in the Belgian army. In 1858 Amédée emigrated to the U.S. and started a farm in Long Grove, Iowa where his two sons, <mask> and George, were born. In 1868 the family returned to Belgium, and in 1876 <mask> enrolled in the military school, graduating in 1878 with the rank of Sergeant. He served in the 13th Line Regiment for a year, then for a few years in the riflemen's regiment. His brother <mask> also joined the army and served in the Congo.First Congo posting

In 1885 <mask> <mask> was seconded to the Military Cartographic Institute and was sent to the Congo where he was assigned to the topographical brigade led by Captain Jungers. Soon after arriving he was transferred to Luluabourg, the administrative capital of the Kasai district, which had been founded a year earlier by the German explorer Hermann Wissmann. Wissman went on an expedition to the Lubi, leaving <mask>l in command of the post, but was soon forced to return due to hostile natives and a smallpox epidemic. In July 1886 Wissman left on another expedition, taking <mask>l in the party. When they reached Nyangwe they heard news that the Arabs had taken the post at Stanley Falls. Wissmann decided to press on with a caravan of sixty of the best troops, leaving <mask>l to return to Luluaberg with the much weakened remainder of the expedition. Back in Luluaburg, <mask>l received a message from Luebo reporting that the natives around the post had revolted.<mask>l decided to crush the rebellion. His native troops deserted when they saw the enemy. The war was a disaster and <mask>l  only narrowly escaped death. During his retreat, <mask>l meet the chief Zappo Zap near Lusambo. Zappo Zap's warriors were soon to become important allies of the Belgians. In 1888 <mask>l was due to return to Europe for leave after his three-year term. While in Boma in April 1888 waiting to embark, he met Alexandre Delcommune, who had a commission from Albert Thys, assistant to King <mask>mune was exploring the rivers of the Congo Basin to determine the economic potential of a railway along the lower Congo river. He persuaded <mask>l to delay his return to Europe to assist in exploration of the Kasaï, Sankuru and Lubefu. Second Congo posting

In late July 1889 <mask>l returned to Boma to start his second term of service. He had been promoted to lieutenant and was appointed Commissioner of the Kasai-Lualaba district. He was assigned two main tasks. One was the creation of a military post near Luluaburg. Arab or Swahili traders had penetrated to the Great Lakes from the east coast of Africa, and were pressing into the Congo Basin in search of slaves and ivory.The military post was to defend against this threat, and it was left to <mask>l to choose a suitable place. <mask>l chose Lusambo, at the end of the navigable portion of the Sankuru River and in May 1890 was at this place. The Governor-General, Camille Smith, asked <mask>l to investigate Bena Kamba, a town on the Lomami, as an alternative place for the post. <mask>l did so against his will, but eventually Lusambo was chosen. The station would soon become one of the most important military posts of the Belgian Congo. <mask>l brought the Zappo Zaps to Luluabourg, where they were used to enforce the government's policy of taxation and forced labor in the Kasai, earning a reputation for great brutality. <mask>l's second task, given to him directly by <mask> II, was to occupy Katanga.<mask>l left Lusambo on 23 December 1890 with instructions to raise the Belgian flag in Bunkeya, the Katangan capital,  distant. The expedition included 180 African soldiers, many of whom were Hausa, and 150 porters. They marched along the Lubi through a well-populated region that had not previously been visited by Europeans, and crossed the Sankuru River. In January 1891 the group reached Luaba, where they asked permission to cross the Kanyok state controlled by Kabw Muzemb, a well-armed slaver. They were allowed to proceed, and arrived at the Kanyok capital on 26 January 1891. After a week, the expedition prepared to move on. Through a misunderstanding, a fight broke out and the buildings in the king's compound were burned down.The expedition moved on to the Luilu River, where they built canoes to make the crossing. In March the expedition crossed the Lualaba, where they met a representative of Msiri, the ruler of Katanga. Continuing south, on 18 April 1891 they reached Bunkeya and were received courteously by Msiri. <mask>l spent seven weeks at Bunkeya, but was unable to persuade Msiri to formally accept Belgian authority. He left a small garrison nearby to observe developments and returned to Lusambo, arriving on 18 August 1891. An expedition under Delcommune reached Bunkeya later that year, but had no more success. In April 1892, <mask>l handed over command of the fortified post of Lusambo and the Kasai/Lualaba region to Francis Dhanis, and returned to Belgium.Later career

<mask> returned to Congo in 1893 as a state inspector. That year he had to send an expedition to rescue Francis Dhanis, who was fighting the Arabs at Nyangwe. In 1894 he was commissioned to undertake an inspection trip to the Uélé River near the northern border of the Free State which was disputed with the French, and to make comprehensive reforms in the administration. He had to deal with constant quarrels between his officials and others in the Free State, and at this time began drinking heavily. <mask>l returned to Europe in 1896. He served in the army in Belgium for some time, being promoted to Captain Commandant in 1897. He left the Army in 1899.He received many offers from trading companies to assist in their enterprises in Central Africa, but did not return there until 1906, in the capacity of a director of the Compagnie du Lomami. The job was disappointing. The pioneering days were over and most of the work was routine administration. The system was inefficient and there were many abuses. Still, <mask>l accepted another job in 1908 as director of the Société Anonyme Belge pour le Commerce du Haut-Congo. In January 1910 he left the Congo for good, with his health fast deteriorating. He died in 1912, aged little more than 54 years.The Le Marinel hydroelectric station near Kolwezi in Katanga was opened in 1956, named in his memory. The dam is  high and  long, and produced an average of 1,430 million kWh per year. References

Sources

External links
 Archive <mask> Marinel, Royal Museum for Central Africa

1858 births
1912 deaths
Explorers of Africa
American emigrants to Belgium
American people of French descent
Belgian people of French descent
Belgian Army officers
Belgian explorers
Congo Free State officials
People from Scott County, Iowa
19th-century Belgian military personnel
20th-century Belgian military personnel

masks:
Paul
Amédée Le Marinel
Paul Amédée Le Marinel
Amédée Le Marinel
Paul
Paul Le Marinel
Georges Le Marinel
Paul Le
Marinel
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Leopold IIcom
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Leopold
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marine
Le Marinel
Le Marine
Le Marine
Paul Le