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<mask>Dieter<mask> (19 December 1914 – 15 September 1995) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and wing commander during World War II. Following the war, he became a Generalmajor (major general) in the German Air Force of West Germany. As a fighter ace, he claimed 125 enemy aircraft shot down in over 1000 combat missions. The majority of his aerial victories were claimed over the Eastern Front with 16 claims over the Western Allies. Born in Großdeuben, <mask> grew up in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. Following graduation from school, he volunteered for military service in the Reichsmarine in 1934. In November 1935, he transferred to the Luftwaffe.Following flight training, he was posted to a Jagdgeschwader (fighter wing). In 1939, <mask> was made a Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) and with Jagdgeschwader 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing) participated in the Invasion of Poland and Battle of France and claimed his first aerial victory on 13 May 1940. In July 1940, JG 76 was integrated into Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). During the Battle of Britain, <mask> was made a Gruppenkommandeur in JG 54 and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in October 1940. In 1941, he participated in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. In November 1942, <mask> left JG 54 and was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing). There, following his 118th aerial victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 25 November 1943.In October 1944 <mask>, returned to JG 54, serving as its last Geschwaderkommodore until the end of the war. Following World War II, <mask> initially worked in the private industry. During the Wiederbewaffnung (rearmament) of West Germany, <mask> joined the newly established German Air Force in 1955. He then went on to command the Advanced Pilot Training Center at Fürstenfeldbruck. Following further command positions, <mask> was named NATO's Chief of Air Defense/Central Europe until becoming special manager for the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter programme. <mask> retired in September 1970 and died on 15 September 1995. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 19 December 1914 in Großdeuben, part of Böhlen, in the Kingdom of Saxony, a federated state of the German Empire, the son of a real estate developer.Following his graduation from the Königin-Carola-Gymnasium, a secondary school, he volunteered for military service. On 8 April 1934, <mask> joined the Reichsmarine, the German navy of the Weimar Republic and in November 1935 transferred to the newly emerging Luftwaffe (German air force) as an Oberfähnrich (officer candidate). On 1 April 1936, <mask> was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant). Following the Anschluss, Austria's annexation into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938, <mask> was posted to I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 138 (JG 138—138th Fighter Wing) stationed in Wien-Aspern also referred to as the "Wiener-Jagdgruppe" ("Vienna fighter group"). There, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 January 1939 and was made Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of JG 138. On 1 May 1939, his unit I./JG 138 was re-designated I./Jagdgeschwader 76 (I./JG 76—1st group of the 76th Fighter Wing).World War II
World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. In preparation of the invasion, I. Gruppe of JG 76 had been moved to an airfield at Stubendorf, present-day Izbicko in Poland, in mid-August 1939 and supported the German advance on the central and southern sectors of the front. On 3 September, <mask> made a forced landing behind enemy lines following combat with PZL.23 light bombers and returned to his unit the next day. On 14 September, I. Gruppe was withdrawn from combat operations and returned to its home airfield at Wien-Aspern where it arrived on 26 September. On 26 October, the Gruppenstab and 1. Staffel were ordered to Frankfurt Rhein-Main where it was united again with 2. and 3. Staffel on 2 November.From Frankfurt Rhein-Main, the Gruppe flew fighter protection during the "Phoney War" for the Frankfurt, Rhine and Saar region. In April 1940, I. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Mainz-Finthen, originally named Fliegerhorst Ober-Olm. The Gruppe stayed at Ober-Olm until the Battle of France began. On 13 May 1940, he claimed his first victory, and he claimed five more victories before the Armistice of 22 June 1940. On 26 June 1940, I. Gruppe of JG 76 was moved to the airfield at Waalhaven in the Netherlands and subordinated to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). There, the Gruppe was tasked with providing aerial protection over the Dutch coastal area. On 5 July, I./JG 76 was officially integrated into JG 54 and was renamed to II./JG 54 and 1./JG 76 became 4./JG 54.On 25 August 1940 during the Battle of Britain, <mask> was made Gruppenkommandeur of II./JG 54. In consequence, Oberleutnant Hans Philipp was given command of 4./JG 54. During the Battle of Britain he added ten victories against Royal Air Force (RAF) fighters. On 21 October 1940 <mask> was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (). The presentation was made by Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring in his personal command train at Beauvais on 23 October. On 29 March 1941, II./JG 54 was withdrawn from the English Channel and was ordered to Graz-Thalerhof. There the various squadrons were split up with 4.Staffel being subordinated to III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) and ordered to Deta in Romania. On 6 April, 4. Staffel flew combat missions in the Invasion of Yugoslavia. The next day, the Staffel flew combat air patrols on the Hungarian-Yugoslavian border. On 9 April, II./JG 54 was united again at Kecskemét, Hungary and returned to Deta on 11 April. The Gruppe was withdrawn from this theater on 19 April and ordered to an airfield at Zemun near Belgrade.Operation Barbarossa

Following the surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army on 17 April 1941, JG 54 received orders on 3 May 1941 to turn over all Bf 109-Es so they could receive the new Bf 109-F variant. Transition training was completed at Airfield Stolp-Reitz in Pomerania. Following intensive training, the Geschwader was moved to airfields in Eastern Prussia. II. Gruppe under command of <mask> was moved to Trakehnen on 20 June 1941. The Wehrmacht launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June with II. Gruppe supporting Army Group North in its strategic goal towards Leningrad.In early November, the Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front for a period of rest and replenishment where they were based at airfields in Döberitz, and later at Uetersen. On 20 January 1942, the Gruppe began relocating to the Eastern Front where they would be based at Siverskaya near Leningrad. In August to early September 1941, <mask> was on home leave. He was promoted to Major (major) on 1 October 1942. Wing commander
On 1 November 1942, <mask> left JG 54 and took over command of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) as Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander). At the time, JG 52 was based at Prokhladny and Gonschtakowka and operated over the front at the Terek River in the Northern Caucasus. Under <mask>'s leadership, JG 52 claimed its 10,000th aerial victory on 2 September 1944.On 23 November, the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) of JG 52 began its retreat from the Caucasus region and moved to Maykop. There, <mask> claimed his first aerial victory as Geschwaderkommodore on 13 December over a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber. While the Battle of Stalingrad was coming to end, <mask> and the Geschwaderstab were ordered to Rostov-on-Don on 20 January 1943 to organize fighter protection over the retreating Army Group A.

<mask> was promoted to Oberstleutnant on 1 July 1943. On 2 August, <mask> claimed his 100th victory. He was the 48th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. On 25 November 1943, <mask> was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (). He was the 337th member of the German armed forces to be so honored and at the time was credited with 118 aerial victories.The presentation was made by Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair, Hitler's headquarters in Rastenburg, present-day Kętrzyn in Poland, on 9 December. Also presented with awards that day by Hitler were Hauptmann Hans-Ulrich Rudel, who received the Swords to his Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves. Rudel's air gunner and radio operator Oberfeldwebel (Master Sergeant) Erwin Hentschel was honored with the Knight's Cross. On 20 September 1944, <mask> scored the last of his 125 victories. In October 1944 <mask> returned to JG 54, serving as its last Geschwaderkommodore until the end of the war. His greatest contribution to the Luftwaffe was not his combat record however but his command,  tactical and leadership qualities, which endeared him to the men under his command and sealed his reputation within the Luftwaffe leadership. Later life
In 1956, he commanded the Advanced Pilot Training Center at Fürstenfeldbruck.In 1962, he took charge of the air defense covering northern Germany and the Netherlands. In 1964, he was named NATO's Chief of Air Defense/Central Europe until becoming special manager for the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter programme. As a major general, he commanded the GAF's tactical command. <mask> died on 15 September 1995. Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
According to Spick, <mask> was credited with 125 aerial victories, claimed in 820 combat missions, 109 of which on the Eastern Front and 16 on the Western Front. Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 125 aerial victory claims, all of which confirmed. This number includes 109 on the Eastern Front and 16 on the Western Front.Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 54291". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size. Awards
Iron Cross (1939)
 2nd class (15 September 1939)
 1st class (28 May 1940)
Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (28 September 1940)
German Cross in Gold on 10 July 1944 as Oberstleutnant in Jagdgeschwader 52
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 Knight's Cross on 21 October 1940 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Jagdgeschwader 54
 337th Oak Leaves on 25 November 1943 as Oberstleutnant and Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 52

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References

Citations

Bibliography

1914 births
1995 deaths
People from Böhlen
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Bundeswehr generals
Major generals of the German Air Force
People from the Kingdom of Saxony
Reichsmarine personnel

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<mask> (February 3, 1938 – July 23, 2013) was a professional boxer from the U.S. Virgin Islands who became a World Champion in the welterweight, junior middleweight and middleweight classes. His best-known contest was a 1962 title match with Benny Paret. At the weigh-in, Paret infuriated <mask>, a bisexual man, by touching his buttocks and making a homophobic slur. <mask> won the bout by knockout; Paret never recovered consciousness and died in the hospital 10 days later. In 1963 and 1964, <mask> was voted Fighter of the Year by The Ring magazine and the Boxing Writers Association of America. In 2002, he was listed #33 on Ring Magazine's list of 80 greatest fighters of the past 80 years. <mask> currently ranks #127 in BoxRec's ranking of the greatest pound for pound boxers of all time.He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the inaugural class of 1990. Career

Amateur
As a teen he was working at a hat factory on a steamy day when his boss, the factory owner, agreed to <mask>'s request to work shirtless. When the owner, a former amateur boxer, noticed his frame, he took <mask> to trainer Gil Clancy's gym. <mask> won the 1958 New York Golden Gloves 147 lb Open Championship. <mask> defeated Osvaldo Marcano of the Police Athletic Leagues Lynch Center in the finals to win the Championship. In 1957 <mask> advanced to the finals of the 147-lb Sub-Novice division and was defeated by Charles Wormley of the Salem Crescent Athletic Club. <mask> trained at the West 28th Street Parks Department Gym in New York City.Professional
<mask> turned professional in 1958 and fought frequently in New York City. He captured the Welterweight title from Cuban Benny "The Kid" Paret by knocking him out in the 13th round on April 1, 1961. Six months later, <mask> lost the title to Paret in a narrow split decision. <mask> regained the title from Paret on March 24, 1962, in the controversial bout after which Paret died (see below). <mask> waged a classic four-fight series with Luis Rodríguez, losing their second fight and winning the other three. He defeated middleweight contender Holly Mims but was knocked out in one round by Rubin "Hurricane" Carter. Three years later, on April 25, 1966, he faced middleweight champion Dick Tiger and won a 15-round unanimous decision and the middleweight title.He also lost, regained and then lost the middleweight crown in three classic fights with Nino Benvenuti. But many boxing fans believed he was never quite the same fighter after Paret's death. From the Paret bout to his retirement in 1977, <mask> fought 80 bouts but only scored twelve knockouts. He later admitted to being gentler with his opponents and relying on his superior boxing skills because he was terrified of killing someone else in the ring. Many thought that <mask> fought past his prime, only winning nine of his last twenty three fights. Other boxers whom he fought in his career included world champions American Denny Moyer, Cuban Luis Rodríguez, Argentine Carlos Monzón, Cuban José Nápoles, and in his last title try, German Eckhard Dagge. After 18 years as a professional boxer, <mask> retired with a record of 85 wins (25 by knockout), 24 losses and 2 draws.Benny Paret

<mask> and Paret's third fight, which was nationally televised by ABC, occurred on March 24, 1962, at Madison Square Garden. <mask> had been incensed by an anti-gay slur directed at him by Paret during the weigh-in. Paret touched <mask>'s buttocks and whispered into his opponent's ear "maricón, maricón", Spanish slang for "faggot". <mask> had worked in a women's hat factory and at the time designed hats. <mask> had to be restrained from attacking Paret on the spot. The media at the time either ignored the slur or used euphemisms such as "anti-man". <mask>'s girlfriend asked him about the incident, saying, "I didn't know about you being that way."In the sixth round Paret came close to stopping <mask> with a multi-punch combination, but <mask> was saved by the bell. After the sixth round <mask>'s trainer, Gil Clancy, later said he told him, "When you go inside I want you to keep punching until Paret holds you or the referee breaks you! But you keep punching until he does that!". In round 12 <mask> trapped Paret in a corner. Stunned after taking hard blows to the head, Paret stopped punching back and slumped to the side against the ropes, although his upper body was through them and partly out of the ring. <mask> held his opponent's shoulder keeping him in position while using his free hand to hit Paret, who was no longer trying to protect himself by head movement or an arm guard. <mask> repeatedly landed right uppercuts on Paret's head.Many watching were shocked, and there were calls from ringside for the referee to halt the bout; Norman Mailer said it was the hardest he had ever seen one man hit by another. Paret then lolled back and was hit with a combination. At this point Ruby Goldstein stepped in, thereby awarding <mask> a win by technical knockout. Immediately after the referee intervened, Paret, who had remained on his feet throughout, slowly slid to the floor. He was carried from the ring on a stretcher and died ten days later in hospital without regaining consciousness. Goldstein had a reputation as a tender-minded referee who stopped bouts at an early stage; admirers said he may have been suffering after-effects from a heart attack. Paret's manager was also criticized for not retiring his boxer with a timely throwing in of the towel during the beating.<mask> told a television interviewer: "I'm very proud to be the welterweight champion again. I hope Paret is feeling very good." When the seriousness of the situation become known, <mask> went to the hospital where Paret was being treated and unsuccessfully attempted for several hours to gain entry to Paret's room. Following that, he ran through the streets while being insulted by passersby. He would later receive hate mail from Paret supporters who were convinced <mask> intentionally killed Paret. New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller created a seven-man commission to investigate the incident and the sport. <mask> reportedly felt guilt over Paret's death and suffered nightmares about Paret for 40 years.The fight, and the widespread publicity and criticism of boxing which accompanied it, became the basis of the 2005 documentary Ring of Fire: The Emile <mask> Story. Trainer
<mask> trained other boxers, including Wilfred Benítez and Juan Laporte of Puerto Rico. Both won world championships. <mask>, Monzon, Benvenuti, Rodriguez, Tiger, Nápoles and Benítez are members of the International Boxing Hall of Fame. In 1979–80, he was in Denmark serving as the coach of the Danish Olympic boxing team. Personal life

In 1971, two months after they met, <mask> married another Virgin Islander Mercedes "Sadie" Donastorg, who was then a member of the dance troupe "Prince Rupert and the Slave Girls". <mask> adopted Donastorg's daughter, but the marriage only lasted a few months.After retiring from boxing, <mask> worked as a corrections officer at the Secaucus, New Jersey Juvenile Detention Facility. In 1992, <mask> was viciously beaten and almost killed on a New York City street after leaving a gay bar near the Port Authority Bus Terminal. He was in the hospital for four months after the assault. It was not clear if the violence was motivated by homophobia. <mask> was bisexual quoted in Sports Illustrated as saying "I like men and women both. But I don't like that word: homosexual, gay or faggot. I don't know what I am.I love men and women the same, but if you ask me which is better ... I like women." Death
A long-time resident of Weehawken, New Jersey, <mask> died July 23, 2013, at a care facility in Hempstead, New York. In his final years, he required full-time care and suffered from dementia pugilistica. His adopted son, Luis Rodrigo <mask>, was his primary caregiver. He was buried in St. Michael's Cemetery, Queens, New York City. Media representations

 In January 2005, filmmakers Dan Klores and Ron Berger premiered their documentary Ring of Fire: The <mask> <mask> Story at the Sundance Film Festival in Utah.It was broadcast on television on USA Network. <mask>'s December 20, 1963 bout with Rubin Carter (which <mask> lost) is depicted in the opening scene of the 1999 motion picture The Hurricane. <mask> is portrayed by former boxer Terry Claybon, while actor Denzel Washington stars as Carter. In May 2012 it was announced that trumpeter Terence Blanchard and playwright Michael Cristofer were working on the opera Champion, based on <mask>'s story. It premiered at Opera Theatre of St. Louis on June 15, 2013. Irish director Lenny Abrahamson is working on a biopic focusing on <mask>'s rivalry with Paret to be released in 2019. A stage play based on <mask>'s story, titled Brown Girl in the Ring, premiered on September 26, 2016 in Chicago.It was commissioned and produced by the Court Theatre. A stage play based on <mask>'s story, titled Man in the Ring, premiered on November 16, 2018 at the Huntington Theater in Boston. Professional boxing record

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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! A park has been named in <mask>'s honor in his native US Virgin Islands. See also
 List of welterweight boxing champions
 List of light middleweight boxing champions
 List of middleweight boxing champions
 List of WBC world champions
 List of WBA world champions
 List of undisputed boxing champions
 List of boxing triple champions

References

Further reading
 Lance Pugmire, "<mask> <mask> dies at 75; champion boxer struggled with his sexuality" "LA Times", July 23, 2013
 Ron Ross, ""Nine...Ten...and Out! The Two Worlds of <mask> <mask>" 2008
 Donald McRae, "The Night Boxer <mask> <mask> Answered Gay Taunts with a Deadly Cortege of Punches," The Guardian, September 10, 2015. External links

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 Ring Memorabilia
 'Ring of Fire' Connects With True Story of A Fatal Blow Washington Post article April 20, 2005
 <mask> <mask> – CBZ Profile
 World Boxing Association History
 National Boxing Association's Quarterly Ratings: 1961 - BoxRec
 National Boxing Association's Quarterly Ratings: 1962 - BoxRec
 NYSAC World Welterweight Title (Boxing)

1938 births
2013 deaths
Neurological disease deaths in New York (state)
Deaths from dementia
International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees
Middleweight boxers
People from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
People from Weehawken, New Jersey
United States Virgin Islands male boxers
Welterweight boxers
World boxing champions
African-American boxers
American male boxers
Sportspeople with chronic traumatic encephalopathy
LGBT African Americans
LGBT sportspeople from the United States
Bisexual men
Bisexual sportspeople
LGBT boxers
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people

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<mask> (; born 17 October 1978) is a British former politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Streatham from 2010 until 2019. A former member of the Labour Party, he was part of the Shadow Cabinet from 2011 to 2015. He left Labour in February 2019, when he resigned to form The Independent Group, later Change UK, along with six other MPs. Later in 2019, he left Change UK and, after a short time as an independent MP, joined the Liberal Democrats. In the 2019 general election, he was unsuccessful in being re-elected as an MP and did not return to the House of Commons. Born in Lambeth to a Nigerian father and English-Irish mother, <mask> was educated at St Dunstan's College, a private school in Catford, Lewisham. He then studied law at the University of Manchester and Nottingham Trent University.A teenage member of the Liberal Democrats, he joined the Labour Party in 1997 when the party was styling itself as "New Labour". He worked as a solicitor in the City of London, first for Herbert Smith and then for Rochman Landau, while writing articles for the Compass think tank. <mask> was selected as Labour's parliamentary candidate for Streatham in 2008, and was elected MP in the 2010 general election. When in parliament, he aligned with the party's "Blue Labour" trend, which rejects neoliberal economics. He sat on the Treasury Select Committee until 2011, when he joined Ed Miliband's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills. He was re-elected in the 2015 and 2017 general elections. After Miliband's resignation, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Labour leader in 2015; <mask> was critical of the party leadership and resigned from the Shadow Cabinet to sit as a backbencher.A supporter of the unsuccessful 2016 referendum campaign to retain UK membership of the European Union, Ummuna campaigned for a referendum on the final deal with the EU. In February 2019, he resigned from Labour and joined The Independent Group, later Change UK. He was its group spokesperson but left in June 2019 to sit as an independent MP following "disappointing" European Parliament election results showing the party had "failed to get a single MEP elected". One week later, <mask> joined the Liberal Democrats and was appointed their Treasury and Business Spokesperson by leader Vince Cable. In August 2019, he was appointed Foreign Affairs, International Development and International Trade Spokesperson by new leader Jo Swinson. He stood for Cities of London and Westminster in the 2019 general election but lost to Nickie Aiken of the Conservatives. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Lambeth, London on 17 October 1978.His father, Bennett, of the Nigerian Igbo ethnic group and owner of an import-export business, died in a road accident in Nigeria in 1992. His mother, Patricia Milmo, a solicitor, is of English-Irish background. His maternal grandparents were Joan Frances (Morley) and Sir Helenus Milmo QC, a High Court judge. <mask> was educated at Hitherfield Primary School in Streatham, South London, and the Christ Church Primary School in Brixton Hill. He says his parents felt that the local state school had "given up on him" and as a result had moved him to the boys' independent senior school St Dunstan's College, in Catford in south-east London, where he played the cello. During this period he was also a chorister at Southwark Cathedral. As a teenager, he was a member of the Liberal Democrats.He was awarded an upper second class Bachelor of Laws in English and French Law from the University of Manchester. After graduating, he studied for one term at the University of Burgundy in Dijon, before studying for a Master of Arts at Nottingham Trent University's law school. After university, in 2005, <mask> began work as a solicitor for the City of London firm Herbert Smith. In 2006 he joined Rochman Landau (now Ashfords LLP), specialising in employment law and advising companies on contentious transactional and advisory matters. From 2006, he began to write and provide commentary on the Labour Party, as well as broader social and economic issues, usually in his capacity as a member of the Management Committee of the Labour-aligned Compass pressure group. He also wrote articles for the Financial Times, Tribune, The Voice, The Guardian and the New Statesman, and began to appear on various radio and television programmes as a commentator. He founded and edited the online political magazine, The Multicultural Politic.In 2007, he campaigned in support of Jon Cruddas' unsuccessful bid to become Labour deputy leader. Political career

Early parliamentary career

In March 2008, <mask> was adopted as the Labour Party's prospective parliamentary candidate for Streatham. At the 2010 general election, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Streatham with a 3,259 majority; he gave his maiden speech on 2 June 2010. He took a particular interest in economic policy and reform of the City. <mask> described himself as being "One Nation Labour" and has written articles promoting the "Blue Labour" trend. He argued the Conservative-led coalition government should revise its programme of fiscal consolidation, take a tougher stance with the British banking industry and take action to transform the credit ratings agency market. <mask> was one of 63 Labour MPs to nominate Ed Miliband in the 2010 Labour leadership election to succeed Gordon Brown as party leader.In June 2010, <mask> was elected as a member of the Treasury Select Committee. In January 2011, he questioned the chief executive of Barclays, Bob Diamond, in relation to alleged tax avoidance activities by the bank during which he disclosed that the bank used over 300 subsidiary companies in offshore jurisdictions. In response to his question, Diamond stated in February 2011 that Barclays had paid £113m in UK corporation tax in 2009, despite making £11.6bn in profit. <mask> held this position on the Select Committee until his appointment as Shadow Minister for Small Business and Enterprise. Shadow Cabinet
In October 2010, following Miliband's election as party leader, <mask> was appointed to serve as his Parliamentary Private Secretary and, in May 2011, he was appointed to the position of Shadow Minister for Small Business and Enterprise until his promotion to the Shadow Cabinet. <mask> was promoted as Shadow Business Secretary on 7 October 2011, replacing John Denham, who announced his retirement from front-bench politics. Following his appointment, <mask> re-affirmed Labour's commitment to introducing a graduate tax in place of university tuition fees.In January 2012, <mask> joined Ed Miliband and Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury Rachel Reeves in calling on PM David Cameron to block a £1.6m bonus for Stephen Hester, the chief executive officer of the publicly owned Royal Bank of Scotland Group. During 2013, Umunna led claims that the Government's valuation of the Royal Mail during its privatisation had effectively "shortchanged" the taxpayer, a view supported by the significant rise in the share price following the sale and the subsequent summoning of bankers to a parliamentary investigation. A member of the Labour Friends of Israel, he and Liam Byrne made an official visit to Israel in October 2012 as part of the LFI's UK-Israel Economic Dialogue group. Whilst a member of LFI, he condemned Israel's military courts for their treatment of Palestinian children accused of combat offences in December 2013. In April 2013, <mask>'s law firm was linked to favourable updates made on his Wikipedia page in 2007, which included a reference to him being tipped as the "British Barack Obama". In the same month, <mask> was criticised for comments he had made in his mid 20s on the exclusive social network ASmallWorld about the West End of London. Conservative MP Chris Heaton-Harris said the 2006 comments, describing people visiting nightclubs in the West End as "trash" and "c-list wannabes", showed a "lack of respect for the public"; <mask> stated that the comments were meant to have been "light-hearted in tone and context" but appreciated that "the choice of words used were not appropriate" and apologised for any offence.<mask> was accused of hypocrisy for accepting a £20,000 gift from a gambling executive despite campaigning against the spread of betting shops in his constituency and promising new powers to limit them. In early May 2014, <mask> raised concerns in Parliament and public over the proposed takeover of AstraZeneca, by the American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, on the grounds of ensuring British jobs and interests. Despite assurances from Pfizer, Umunna went on to publicly denounce the proposed takeover proclaiming that Pfizer's assurances were "not worth the paper they were written on". The takeover bid eventually fell through in late May 2014 after the AstraZeneca board rejected Pfizer's final offer. In May 2014, <mask> criticised fellow Shadow Health Secretary Andy Burnham's report into possible methods of restricting the sale and advertising of alcohol, unhealthy foods, and tobacco. He was quoted as having said that such courses of action as outlined in the report would be seen to be "anti-business and interventionist". <mask> has argued for a British federal state on multiple occasions, and has said that progressives should not dismiss George Osborne's notion of a "Northern Powerhouse", arguing that greater devolution, federalisation of the UK Labour Party into individual Labour Parties representing each component nation of the UK, greater political autonomy for England in particular, more regional powers and "wholescale federalisation" are necessary to advance the Labour Party.Leadership election and withdrawal

<mask> increased his majority to 13,934 at the 2015 general election, with 53% of the vote in his constituency. Following Labour's defeat in the election and resignation of Ed Miliband as leader, <mask> was identified as one of the potential candidates to take over as leader of the party. He called for Labour to target Conservatives and "aspirational, middle-class voters", saying that the party needs to be "on the side of those who are doing well." On 12 May, he announced his candidature for the Labour Party leadership election. Three days later, he withdrew from the contest, stating that he had been "uncomfortable" with "the added level of scrutiny that came with being a leadership candidate". On 26 May, he announced his endorsement of Liz Kendall, who was unsuccessful in her bid for the Labour leadership. Return to the backbenches
In September 2015, following the election of Jeremy Corbyn as the Leader of the Labour Party, <mask> announced his resignation from the Shadow Cabinet and returned to the backbenches, citing differences over the Brexit referendum and issues of collective ministerial responsibility.<mask> supported "Remain" in the Brexit referendum. His constituency voted with the highest proportion of votes to remain, with 79.5%. Following the victory for the Leave campaign, <mask> proposed an amendment to the bill to trigger Article 50 calling upon the government to investigate spending £350 million a week on the NHS, which was defeated by the government. He subsequently voted for the unmodified bill to leave the EU, writing with Wes Streeting that "as democrats we must abide by the national result". In the 2017 general election campaign <mask> opposed a second referendum on Brexit. Following his re-election in the 2017 general election, <mask> proposed a rebel amendment to the Queen's Speech calling upon the government to "rule out withdrawal from the EU without a deal" and "set out proposals to remain within the Customs Union and Single Market”. Three Labour frontbenchers were sacked for supporting the defeated amendment, which the Labour leadership argued conflicted with their manifesto commitment to end freedom of movement.On 15 April 2018, <mask> attended the launch event of the People's Vote, a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union. Umunna favours a second referendum on Brexit. <mask> wrote that the campaign to leave the EU lied during the campaign and also broke the law spending more money than was allowed. Umunna has stated that the British people now know the truth and should have a second say over whether the UK leaves the European Union. In July 2018, <mask> wrote, "If the proposals which the PM is pursuing feel unacceptable to the majority of the electorate, that says something. People voted to leave and to remain for very different reasons, but it’s nonsense to say that every single person who voted for Brexit in the EU referendum did so because they unanimously agreed on leaving the single market and the customs union, putting the Good Friday Agreement at risk, garnering no extra money for the NHS (contrary to what they were told) and potentially continuing years of austerity." In August 2018, The Guardian reported that "<mask> and fellow Labour MP Chris Leslie are widely believed to be laying the groundwork for the creation of a new [political] party although both have denied this."In October 2018, it was announced that <mask> would serve as the chairman of a new centrist think tank called Progressive Centre UK. It was revealed that he would be earning £65,000 a year for his work on the advisory board. Change UK
On 18 February 2019, <mask> and six other MPs (Luciana Berger, Chris Leslie, Angela Smith, Mike Gapes, Gavin Shuker, and Ann Coffey) quit Labour in protest at Jeremy Corbyn's leadership to form The Independent Group (later Change UK). The Independent Group named <mask> as its Spokesman on 28 February 2019. On 24 May 2019, <mask> wrote in the i newspaper that Change UK would be open to a pro-EU pact with the Liberal Democrats in order to unite the Remain vote. On 4 June, after Change UK's poor results in the EU election, <mask> left the party with five of its other MPs who did not wish for Change UK to stand candidates at future elections. Subsequently, Change UK's new leader, Anna Soubry, said that Umunna had made a "serious mistake" in leaving the party.Liberal Democrats

On 13 June 2019, <mask> announced to The Times he would be joining the Liberal Democrats. He told the BBC he had been "wrong" to think "millions of politically homeless people wanted a new party", while referring to moving from Change UK. He also said he "massively underestimated just how difficult it is to set up a fully fledged new party without an existing infrastructure", after Change UK received a mere 3.4% of the vote in the EU elections, far behind the Liberal Democrats' 20%. He added, under Britain's voting system, there would not be "room for more than one centre ground" party in a general election. Though <mask> had previously been publicly critical of the Liberal Democrats for "enabling Tory austerity" during the 2010 to 2015 coalition government, he told the BBC that "things have changed." He also speculated that "a good handful" of other MPs may defect to the Liberal Democrats. In September 2019, in his first major speech to the Liberal Democrat Federal Conference, <mask> argued Britain was unable to exert its moral authority against authoritarian leaders in the world at a time when Prime Minister Boris Johnson was threatening to break the law over Brexit.At the 2019 United Kingdom general election, <mask> stood in Cities of London and Westminster, and lost to the Conservative Party candidate, Nickie Aiken. Helen Thompson replaced him as the Lib Dem candidate in Streatham, and also lost. Business career
Since April 2020, <mask> has been a non-executive director of Advanced and an adviser to Digital Identity Net UK. In July 2020 <mask> was appointed executive director and head of the Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) consultancy within the specialist capital markets and financial services team at public relations and marketing consultancy firm Edelman UK. <mask> said about the appointment "If we're to fundamentally change the model of capitalism we've got to ensure that the overwhelming majority of businesses are integrating ESG factors into corporate decision making like never before." On 12 April 2021 he joined the investment bank JPMorgan Chase to oversee its ESG advisory efforts in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Personal life
Umunna is married to Alice Sullivan, an employment lawyer.The couple have a daughter, born in 2017. He is a Crystal Palace F.C. fan. He has said that his politics and moral values come from Christianity, but that he is "not majorly religious". Several years before he left politics, <mask> was cited as one of the Top 100 most influential Africans by New African magazine in 2015. Notes

References

External links

 Article archive at The Guardian
 Chuka Umunna – Operation Black Vote profile
 Streatham Labour
 The Multicultural Politic (TMP) Online
 The rise of <mask> <mask> MP charted by Ethos Journal
 Chuka Umunna archive at The Guardian

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1978 births
Living people
Alumni of Nottingham Trent University
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Black British politicians
Blue Labour
English male non-fiction writers
English people of Igbo descent
English people of Irish descent
English people of Nigerian descent
English solicitors
Igbo lawyers
Igbo politicians
Change UK MPs
Labour Friends of Israel
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People educated at St Dunstan's College
People from Streatham
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Black British MPs
JPMorgan Chase employees

British political party founders

masks:
Chuka Harrison Umunna
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<mask> (or Malloch) ( 1705–1765) was a Scottish poet and dramatist. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and went to London in 1723 to work as a private tutor. There he became friendly with Alexander Pope, James Thomson, and other literary figures including Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke. His best-known work was written in the same year: William and Margaret, adapted from a traditional ballad. In 1740, he collaborated with Thomson on a masque, Alfred, which was the vehicle for "Rule, Britannia!". His other plays and poetry (e.g. Amyntor and Theodora), popular at the time, are largely forgotten, but Bolingbroke's writings were edited and published by <mask> in 1754.Life
Mallet was probably the second son of James Malloch of Dunruchan, a well-to-do tenant farmer on Lord Drummond's Perthshire estate, a Roman Catholic, and a member of the outlawed Clan MacGregor. The household suffered during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715. Mallet gave his age as 28 in 1733, and was therefore born about 1705. He seems to have been educated at the parish school of Crieff under John Ker. In 1717 <mask> was acting as janitor in Edinburgh High School. In 1720 he became resident tutor to the sons of Mr. Home of Dreghorn; he held the post till 1723, studied at the same time at the University of Edinburgh (1721–2, 1722–3), and formed a friendship with a fellow student, James Thomson the poet, a future collaborator. In July 1723 he accepted the post of tutor to the sons of the Duke of Montrose.Leaving the university without a degree, he went in August to London, and then to the duke's seat at Shawford, near Winchester. He lived with the family until 1731, mainly in London and Shawford. In 1726 he received the honorary degree of M.A. from the University of Aberdeen, ostensibly for an English poem in imitation of Ker's Donaides. Early in 1727 he made a continental tour with his pupils. Towards the end of 1731 he left the Montrose family, and went to Gosfield in Essex, to act as tutor to the stepson of John Knight, to whose wife, formerly Mrs. Newsham, he had been recommended by Alexander Pope. On 2 November 1733 <mask>, with his pupil, matriculated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, where he resided fairly regularly till 27 September 1734.On 5 March 1735 he received, at his request, the degree of M.A. from the University of Edinburgh, and on the 15th of that month he graduated B.A., and on 6 April M.A. of the University of Oxford. He was again abroad in 1735. <mask> came into favour with the opposition, and was appointed, 27 May 1742, under-secretary to the Prince of Wales. In 1745 he made a tour in Holland. <mask> was rewarded in 1763 by Lord Bute, to whom he had given fulsome praise, with the post of inspector of exchequer-book in the outports of London, a sinecure which he held till his death.In the autumn of the following year he joined his wife Lucy in Paris, but ill health compelled him to return to London. He died on Sunday, 21 April 1765 and was buried on 27 April in St. George's cemetery, South Audley Street. Works
Mallet published a Pastoral in the Edinburgh Miscellany in 1720; and during his college days produced a number of short pieces, including an imitation of John Milton entitled The Transfiguration, first published in the Edinburgh Magazine in 1793. Shortly before his engagement with the Montrose family he composed the ballad of William and Margaret which was published first anonymously in black letter, and then in 1724, in Allan Ramsay's Tea-Table Miscellany, and Aaron Hill's Plain Dealer No. 36. Further poems followed, mostly written for John Ker; and in February 1725 he wrote verses on Mira, the Clio of his friend Thomson. For Thomson's poem on Winter, published in March 1726, he wrote a dedication to Sir Spencer Compton, and some verses for the second edition He had himself written, early in 1725, a poem on the same subject, which was praised by Thomson; and on his return from the continent he prepared for the press The Excursion, in two books, which he had written in 1726.On 22 February 1731 <mask> produced his tragedy of Eurydice at Drury Lane, with a prologue and epilogue by Aaron Hill. It was acted about thirteen times, and was revived in 1759. <mask> showed his appreciation for Pope with his poem on Verbal Criticism (1733), in which he ridiculed Lewis Theobald. <mask> made more of a reputation with the tragedy of Mustapha, produced at Drury Lane on 13 Feb. 1738–9. The prologue was by Thomson, and the play was dedicated to Frederick, Prince of Wales: like Thomson's Edward and Eleonora, but less openly, it was directed against the king and Sir Robert Walpole. With James Quin as Solyman, it ran for fourteen nights. In 1740 <mask> published a short Life of Bacon; shortly afterwards <mask> and Thomson were commanded by the Prince to write the masque of Alfred, to celebrate both the birthday of the Princess Augusta and the anniversary of George I's accession.It was played in the gardens of Cliefden, before the Prince and Princess of Wales, on Friday, 1 August 1740, with Quin, Christiana Horton, and Kitty Clive in the leading parts. Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough left in 1744 the sum of £1,000 to <mask> and Richard Glover, to write a life of her husband; and <mask>, on Glover's refusal, undertook the work. He only did some research. He published, in May 1747, ‘Amyntor and Theodora, or the Hermit.’

<mask> and Thomson had, through George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton, support from the Prince of Wales, but then lost it as Lyttelton fell from favour. <mask> then found the patronage of Bolingbroke, and prepared a new edition of the Patriot King, published in 1749; in it he attacked the memory of Pope for having clandestinely edited and printed the work in 1738. There was a short pamphlet war with Pope's friends. He then edited Bolingbroke's works, 5 vols.in March 1754. Samuel Johnson remarked on this enterprise that Bolingbroke had "spent his life in charging a gun against Christianity", and "left half-a-crown to a hungry Scotchman to draw the trigger after his death". In 1751, three years after the death of Thomson, <mask> published a new version of the masque of 1740. The adaptation was major, with new scenes and songs added. It was acted at Drury Lane on 23 February 1751, with <mask> in the title rôle. The masque of Britannia, an appeal to patriotic sentiment on the eve of an outbreak of war with France, followed in 1755. It was produced at Drury Lane on 9 May, when Garrick spoke the prologue as a drunken sailor.On 19 January 1763 <mask>'s Elvira was acted at the same venue during the "half-price riots". Garrick took the part of Don Pedro, the last original character in which he was seen; but it provoked a pamphlet of Critical Strictures by James Boswell and two fellow Scots. In the intervening years <mask> had written lesser works, including the ballad of Edwin and Emma (1760), and a partisan indictment by a "Plain Man" against Admiral Byng in 1757. An extract from his The tragedy of Bowes appears in The Bishoprick Garland 1834 by Cuthbert Sharp. Notes

External links
<mask> at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
<mask>, Scots Poets
<mask>, Anglo-Scot: poetry, patronage, and politics in the age of union

1705 births
1765 deaths
18th-century Scottish people
18th-century Scottish writers
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Anglo-Scots
People of the Scottish Enlightenment
Scottish dramatists and playwrights
Scottish editors
Scottish historians
Scottish Jacobites
Scottish poets
Scottish political writers
Scottish spies
18th-century spies

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David Mallet
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<mask> (born 4 February 1941) is a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Coventry South from 1992 to 2019. He announced his retirement in September 2019. Early life
<mask> was born in Coatbridge, Scotland and educated locally at Columba High School before attending the Trade Union College in Tillicoultry, where he completed a number of Ruskin courses on industrial relations and trade union law. In 1964, he became an engineer for Rolls-Royce in Ansty, joining the Labour Party in 1966 he became a shop steward with the predecessors of the Manufacturing, Science and Finance Union in the Rolls-Royce plant from 1968 throughout his service as a councillor and later Deputy Leader of Coventry City Council. Local government
<mask> began his political career as a Coventry councillor in 1972 and became the Chair of the Council's Consumer Services Committee from 1975 until 1977. He was also the Vice-Chair of the Finance Committee for three terms, 1975 until 1977, 1979 until 1982 and from 1985 until 1988.He also served as the Vice-Chair of the Leisure Committee from 1975 until 1977, serving as the Chair from 1979 until 1982. He next served as the Vice-Chair of the Transport and Highways Committee from 1983 until 1985 when he became the Chief Whip of the Labour Group on the Council from 1985 until 1987 when he became the Deputy Leader of Coventry City Council. <mask> left Rolls-Royce as an engineer and shop steward in 1988 upon his appointment as Leader of the City Council which he served until his election to Parliament in 1992. Parliament
<mask> was selected to contest the Coventry South East constituency at the 1992 general election following the expulsion of the sitting Labour MP Dave Nellist, a member  of the Trotskyist Militant group, who had thus become ineligible to be selected as the Labour candidate. <mask> emerged as the victor with a majority of 1,311 votes over the Conservative candidate Martine Hyams; Nellist finished third but only by a further 40 votes. <mask> made his maiden speech on 12 May 1992 in which he spoke of the social and economic problems of Coventry and criticised the then level of central government resources allocated to the city. Following reports from the previous year that the Queen was to agree to pay income tax, which Buckingham Palace and the Prime Minister denied, he called for the Queen and other members of the Royal Family to begin paying income tax in his letter to the Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1992.<mask> was heavily involved in the campaign for justice for former workers of Matrix Churchill In particular <mask> was critical of the remit and progress of the Scott Report into the Arms-to-Iraq for not consulting the former workers. Reflecting his previous career <mask> set up a Parliamentary group for Rolls Royce bringing together MPs and Trade Unions. Throughout his time in Parliament, <mask> consistently campaigned for Rolls Royce workers. In 1994 <mask> chaired the Committee on the hybrid Croydon Tramlink Bill, which recommended the project go ahead. <mask> was a founder member andserved as chair of the APPG on Strokes. In 2002 CUnningham secured an adjournment debate on the subject. He became a member of the Home Affairs Select committee from 1993 until 1997.He then served on the Trade and Industry Select Committee from 1997 as well as serving upon the House of Commons Panel of Chairs from 1998 leaving both upon the 2001 general election. <mask> then served on the Constitutional Affairs Select Committee from 2003 until 2005. In 2004, he led a parliamentary campaign to prevent Jaguar Cars closing its Browns Lane assembly plant. This campaign included organising a meeting between several workers of the plant and the Prime Minister and the Chancellor of the Exchequer as well as <mask> joining factory workers when they lobbied the Ford managers at the Paris Motor Show. <mask> briefly served on the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Select Committee in 2005 until the general election. Following the 2005 election, he served on the House of Commons Procedures Select Committee until 2006 and served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Solicitor General Mike O'Brien until 2007. <mask> remained O'Brien's PPS as O'Brien became a Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions from 2007 until 2008, then a Minister of State at the Department of Energy and Climate Change from 2008 until 2009 and as a Minister of State at the Department of Health from 2009 until 2010.<mask> served on the Standards and Privileges Select Committee in 2010. He served as the Treasurer of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Funerals and Bereavement from 2005 until 2010 and is the Vice-Chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Chinese Development. From 2005 to 2019 <mask> was the Chair of the West Midlands Group of Labour MPs. In 2006 <mask> arranged a meeting between Trade Unions representing workers at Peugeot Ryton and the Chancellor Gordon Brown over threats to the future of the plant. During the 2009 parliamentary expenses scandal, <mask> was praised by The Telegraph, which cited his consistently low expenses that made him the 27th lowest claiming MP out of 645 MPs. In 2011, <mask> arranged a meeting with the Minister for Defence Equipment, Support and Technology Peter Luff, as a response to the Rolls-Royce announcement that it would lay off one quarter of its staff at its Ansty plant by 2012 due to the UK defence cuts and the plant's reliance upon repairing and servicing RAF jet engines. As well as these planned redundancies, Rolls-Royce also plans temporary redundancies during periods of low activity and having staff work longer without being paid extra.<mask> questioned what the government's plans were to secure more work for the plant and met with union officials and management in order to find a solution to safeguard the plant and its work force. <mask> supported the campaign to renovate Coventry's medieval Charterhouse Priory, one of only nine Carthusian monasteries left in the UK. In 2012 he facilitated a visit by the then Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries Ed Vaizey to the site to draw attention to the campaign. In 2013, <mask> campaigned with Unite the Union to keep London Taxis International producing the iconic Black Hackney Cab in Coventry. <mask> also actively campaigned to keep Jaguar Land Rover in the West Midlands following the purchase of the company by Tata. This included meeting with Tata to gain assurances that work would stay in the region. In the same year <mask> also campaigned to save the Remploy factory in his constituency.<mask> was also a longterm campaigner against the use and abuse of zero hours contracts. In a 2013 debate in Parliament he stated 'that zero-hours contracts are a throwback to the 1930s when miners and dockers had to turn up to work not knowing whether they would get a job. This is a modern veneer on an old, tried and tired system that was chucked out many years ago.'. He supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour leadership election. <mask> consistently called for the Government to intervene in the issues surrounding Coventry City Football Club. In 2016 he lobbied the then Sports Minister Tracey Crouch to appoint a concilliator to break the deadlock in negotiations. In 2019 <mask> helped to organise a meeting between the interested parties, local MPs and the then Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, Jeremy Wright.<mask> actively supported Coventry's bid to be UK City of Culture 2020. As part of the campaign, <mask> hosted a reception for the bid in Parliament and secured an adjournment debate. Cunnngham actively supported the WASPI campaign to compensate Women born in the 1950s who were effected by changes to pensions. In 2019 <mask> led a campaign to make sure specialist Pancreatic Cancer services remained at UHCW. He announced he would be standing down in the 2019 general election shortly after fellow Coventry MP Geoffrey Robinson also announced his intention to depart. Family
He has been married to Marion Douglas Podmore since 1985; each has children from previous marriages. References

External links

 ePolitix – <mask> MP official site
 Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: <mask> MP

News items
 Discussing closure of Ryton Peugeot plant
 Declaring the closure of the Peugeot plant as a 'callous act'
 His 2006 Notice of Redundancy Bill
 Displeasure over Jaguar's former Coventry plant in 2004

Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Coventry City Councillors
1941 births
Living people
People from Coatbridge
British trade unionists
Politicians from North Lanarkshire

masks:
James Dolan Cunningham
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<mask> (born <mask>) is a Venezuelan-American film, television and music video triple threat (writer, director and producer). <mask> has worked with various artists such as Pitbull, Shaggy, Lumidee, Shaquile O,Neil, Ricardo Montaner, The Wayan Brothers, Missy Elliott, Christina Aguilera, and Busta Rhymes. <mask> is known for producing and directing commercials and films characterized by their stylistic visuals and humor. <mask> has over 20 years working in television and film, having contributed to over a dozen films and TV shows, 30 music videos, 100 commercials. Biography

Early life
Born <mask> in Caracas, Venezuela. [1][2][3] His family moved to Ft. Lauderdale, Florida when he was an infant where he spent most of his childhood. Over the years, <mask> visited Venezuela where he attended school for a year where and learned Spanish until returning to South Florida.[4][5] <mask> worked briefly at a movie theater in high school and performed in two high school theater productions where he acted alongside class mate, movie actor, Bobby Canavalle. After graduating from Coral Springs High School, <mask> went to Broward College and then, Florida Atlantic University where he studied, History and Business Administration but dropped out after discovering his passion for film, returning years later to finish his education. [2]

Career
<mask> began a stellar commercial career garnishing accolades for producing commercials and direct response commercials (DRC's/Informercials) for companies such as Blockbuster Video, Nike, Carter-Wallace, Make A Wish Foundation, Bank Atlantic and Procter & Gamble where he was nominated for several industry awards. He garnered praise for his Make A Wish Foundation commercial entitled, "When You Believe" which was nominated for honors and his PSA for The Coalition Against Domestic Violence, "Daddy's Home", won the National Recognition Award for Best Public Service Announcement that year. In 1999, Piedra Line Producer for the award-winning independent film "Fugue". By 2002, <mask> was Line Producer for Sony Picture's "Shottas" where he produced his first music video for Wyclef Jean "Kompa MVP". A couple of years later, 2004, <mask> was the Miami producer of the Christina Aguilera and Missy Elliott "Carwash" music video from the Sharktale Motion Picture.Soon after, in 2004 was also the year that <mask> joined The Feature Film Group, an Independent Film Company working on producing Full-length Feature Films. In the Spring of 2007, he began his on his first of four music video collaborations with rapper Pitbull. In late 2008, <mask> produced Pitbull's hit "Go Girl" which was nominated by BET for Video of the Year, Best Pop Video, Best Male Video, and Best Collaboration. That year <mask> also produced "Lost Everything" a full-length feature film that received warm reviews when it premiered at the Ft. Lauderdale Film Festival. <mask> began his professional photography and Creative Director in 2008. This phase of his career led to some national campaigns with various companies from fashion to technology. In 2015, <mask> worked on his first Bollywood film.The following year, 2016, <mask> collaborated with Mirum Agency, producing and directing a training video for the FBI, "Active Shooter". <mask> has produced and/or directed close to 35 high-profile videos including videos for Missy Elliott, Shaggy, Wyclef Jean, Lumidee, Shaquille O'Neal, Pitbull and Hawthorne Heights. Over the last decade, <mask> has created content for various advertising and media agencies including Chaos Films, 1 Media Group, Akita Films and Odyssey Media Group. In 2021, <mask> launched Survivor Worldwide LLC a media company whose mission is to create content including feature films based on true stories. Awards
2000 - Nomination for Best Infomercial for " Magnesystems"

2000 - National Recognition Award for Best PSA "Daddy's Home" for National Coalition Against Domestic Violence

2007 - BET Hip Hop Awards Nomination for Best Movie - "Shottas" - Sony Pictures

2008 - BET Best Music Video Nomination for Pitbull's "Go Girl"

Acting credits
Making cameo roles is something that <mask> enjoys. <mask> has made several cameo roles in music videos including Petey Pablo and Oowee's "Chain Swingin'". <mask> had fun playing  the chauffeur at the end of his film "Lost Everything".<mask> also enjoys background roles in some of his favorite movies. If you look real hard you can spot him in small uncredited parts in films such as Donnie Brasco and Bad Boys 2. Highlight Filmography
This is a partial filmography:
"Carwash" (2004) "Sharktale" Motion Picture - Dreamworks [Producer] (Miami)
"Go Girl" (2007) Music Video - Pitbull - TVT Records [Producer]
"Feel Like Making Love" - Shaggy & Lumidee (2007) Music Video [Producer]
"Shottas" (2002) Motion Picture - Sony Pictures [Line Producer/Production Manager] (uncredited)
"Sins of the City: Quarry (#1.7)" (1998) TV Episode [production assistant] (uncredited)
"Gastineau Girls" (2005) TV series [production manager]
The Boynton Beach Bereavement Club (2005) [location scout] – aka "Boynton Beach Club" – USA (new title)
Daddy's Home (2006) [producer]
Hiding Victoria (2006) [first assistant director]
Pledge This! (2006) [location assistant] – aka "National Lampoon's Pledge This!" – USA (complete title)
Spin (2007/I) [unit production manager: Miami]
The Underground Bounty Hunter (2007) (VG) [first assistant director]
Lost Everything (2010) [line producer] [producer]
Law Enforcement training video (2016) [director]

References

External links
 http://antoniopiedra.com
 http://akitafilms.com
http://odysseydigitalmedia.com
 http://vimeo.com/22574344 Vimeo. Antonio Piedra Demo Video Reel A.
 http://www.meetup.com/Motion-Picture-Film-Investor-Group/events/12578973/ Producer & Show Runner <mask> Piedra
 http://www.modelmayhem.com/1141833 Antonio Piedra
 http://people.theiapolis.com/producer-4RSX/antonio-piedra/filmography/ Antonio Piedra Filmography

American film producers
American music video directors
American television producers
Venezuelan emigrants to the United States
People from Caracas
People from Florida
1969 births
Living people

masks:
Antonio Piedra
Antonio Jose Piedra Marcano
Antonio
Antonio
Piedra
Antonio Jose Piedra Marcano
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Piedra
Piedra
Antonio Piedra
Antonio Piedra
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio


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<mask>, or <mask>, (4 May 1618 – 3 May 1679) was a minister in the Church of Scotland, or kirk, who served as Archbishop of St Andrews from 1661 to 1679. His support for Episcopalianism, or governance by bishops, brought him into conflict with elements of the kirk who advocated Presbyterianism. Twice the victim of assassination attempts, the second cost him his life. Biography
<mask> was born at Banff Castle on 4 May 1618, eldest son of <mask> (1592–1638) and Isabel Leslie (1595-ca 1640). His father was property manager, or factor, for the Earl of Findlater; his mother was the daughter of the Laird of Kininvie. His younger brother, Sir <mask> of Stonihill (1622–1685), was political agent to the Duke of Lauderdale, Scottish Secretary of State from 1661 to 1680. In April 1653, <mask> married Helen Moncrieff, daughter of the laird of Randerston.They had seven children, including William (1655–1712), John (ca 1658-1712), Margaret (1664–1734) and Isabella (1662–?). Background
Whilst Presbyterian or Episcopalian now implies differences in both governance and doctrine, this was not the case in the 17th century. 'Episcopalian' meant governance by bishops, usually appointed by the monarch; Presbyterian implied rule by Elders, nominated by their congregations. The Protestant Reformation created a Church of Scotland, or 'kirk', that was Presbyterian in structure and Calvinist in doctrine. When bishops were introduced to the Scottish system in 1584, they were doctrinal Calvinists, who opposed many practices of the Church of England; these differences explain the failure of attempts to unify the two churches. The 1638 National Covenant expelled bishops and established a Covenanter government, which ruled Scotland during the 1638 to 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In 1647, Royalist defeat in the First English Civil War split the Covenanters into moderate Engagers and Kirk Party fundamentalists; both sides believed the institution of monarchy was divinely ordered, but differed over who held ultimate authority in clerical affairs.Attempts by the Scots to restore first Charles I, then his son Charles II to the English throne, ended with incorporation into the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1652. The kirk split again, between a moderate majority known as Resolutioners, and 'Protestors', who blamed defeat on compromise with 'malignants.' Differences between the two were both religious and political, including church government, religious toleration and the role of law in a 'godly' society. Since each split ended with the winners evicting the losers from their offices and ministries, it led to increasing bitterness. Lord Broghill, head of the Council of State for Scotland, summarised the position by saying 'the Resolutioners love Charles Stuart and hate us, the Protesters love neither him nor us.' He fostered conflict between the two groups as deliberate policy. Career
<mask> was educated at the local grammar school and in 1637, graduated from King's College, Aberdeen.The university and Banff in general were centres of Episcopalian support and one of the few areas to oppose the 1638 National Covenant, which removed bishops from the kirk. <mask> went to Oxford, allegedly seeking a position in the Church of England, but returned to Scotland and by 1642, was a regent at the University of St Andrews. In 1648, he became minister for the parish of Crail, then a delegate to the kirk's General Assembly in 1650. He accompanied the Scottish army in its invasion of England and was captured at Worcester in September 1651, before being released in 1652. The Protesters sent a delegation to argue their case before Parliament in 1656; <mask> was selected to represent the Resolutioners and spent most of the next four years in London. By 1659, plans were being made by George Monck to restore Charles II to the thrones of England and Scotland. The Resolutioners wanted Charles to commit to a Presbyterian kirk; in May 1660, <mask> was sent to Breda to ensure he did so, but was unsuccessful in getting a response.In January 1661, <mask> was appointed Royal Chaplain, and returned to St Andrews as Professor of Divinity. The March 1661 Rescissory Act returned the legal position in Scotland to that prevailing in 1633, removing the Covenanter reforms of 1638-1639. The restoration of bishops was confirmed by the Privy Council of Scotland on 6 September 1661. <mask> was appointed Archbishop of St Andrews and Primate of Scotland and consecrated at Westminster Abbey in December 1661. The kirk was restored as the national church, independent sects banned and all office-holders were required to renounce the Covenant; about a third of the clergy refused, around 270 in total, and lost their positions as a result. Most occurred in the south-west of Scotland, an area particularly strong in its Covenanting sympathies; some took to preaching in the open fields, or conventicles, which often attracted thousands of worshippers. After his appointment to the Privy Council of Scotland in June 1663, <mask> assumed responsibility for these evictions, making him a target for Presbyterian radicals.At the same time, his lobbying to be made Lord Chancellor brought him into conflict with Lauderdale and other political leaders. He took an active role in suppressing the Covenanter-backed Pentland Rising in November 1666; he is reported as having condemned to death eleven prisoners who surrendered on a promise of mercy, telling them "You were pardoned as soldiers, but you are not acquitted as subjects". On 9 July 1668, <mask>, a veteran of Rullion Green, tried to assassinate <mask> in Edinburgh. He was seated in his coach on the Royal Mile near his house at Blackfriars Wynd waiting for Bishop Andrew Honeyman to join him. Mitchell fired his pistol at <mask> but hit Honeyman instead. Mitchell was imprisoned on the Bass Rock for this crime but was not executed until 1676. Soon after, the government issued the first in a series of 'indulgences', allowing the readmission of evicted clergy, even without subscribing to episcopacy.The kirk split once again, this time between moderates, led by Robert Leighton, and 'hardline' Episcopalians under <mask>; over the next decade, policy alternated between persecution and reconciliation. In 1678, <mask>'s faction regained control and supported by the government, stepped up actions against non-conformists; 3,000 Lowland militia and 6,000 Highlanders, known as the "Highland Host", were billeted in the Covenanting shires, as a form of punishment. <mask>, who had been arrested in 1673, was executed in 1678, making him a Presbyterian folk hero; <mask> gave evidence at his trial and was accused of perjury. On 3 May 1679, a group of nine Covenanters, led by David Hackston and his brother-in-law, John Balfour of Kinloch, were waiting at Magus Muir, hoping to ambush the Sheriff of Cupar. A <mask> appointee, the Sheriff was prominent in persecuting Covenanters but apparently heard about the proposed ambush and stayed home. Learning <mask>'s coach was on the road, they intercepted it instead; <mask> was stabbed several times, in front of his daughter Isabella, before being killed by a shot to the chest. One of the group, <mask>, claimed he told <mask> he "...declared before the Lord that it was no particular interest, nor yet for any wrong that he had done to him, but because he had betrayed the church as Judas, and had wrung his hands, these 18 or 19 years in the blood of the saints, but especially at Pentland..."

Two of the nine, Hackston and Andrew Guillan, were eventually captured and executed; a third, William Dingwall, died at the Battle of Drumclog a month later.The other six were never tried; Balfour escaped to Holland with George Fleming, but disappears from the records thereafter. Aftermath

<mask> was buried beneath an imposing black and white marble monument in the Holy Trinity Church, St Andrews. Designed by his son, Sir William, it has two main objectives; commemorating his father as a martyr, rather than a turncoat, and confirming his privileged status as archbishop. When the tomb was opened in 1849, it was empty; the body was allegedly removed in 1725 and has never been found. On 25 December 1679, five Covenanters captured at Bothwell Bridge, Thomas Brown, <mask>, Andrew Sword, John Weddell and John Clyde, were hanged for refusing to identify the perpetrators. Although not involved themselves, they were executed at Magus Muir; their bodies hung in chains until the flight of <mask> in 1688. A gravestone was erected over their burial place in 1728 and enclosed by a surrounding wall in 1877; the same year that a memorial to <mask> was built.Both are situated about  south of the spot where the murder occurred. 19th century Scottish histories portrayed <mask> as a despised turncoat; "For well concocted, cold blooded, systematic dissimulation, he stands almost without a match in History." Even more recent writers suggest his death can be seen as deserved retribution for his actions. His most recent biographer, Julia Buckroyd, summarised his career as follows; "<mask>, who identified himself as a Scot and Presbytery, and who struggled to extricate Scotland from the Cromwellian union,...became identified as an agent of English, episcopal and political interests...an enemy of Scottish Presbyterianism and the rule of law." The 1688 Glorious Revolution in Scotland led to the Act of Settlement in 1690, which re-established the kirk on a Presbyterian basis. Episcopacy was abolished once and for all, leading to the formation of the separate Scottish Episcopal Church. References

Sources

External links

1618 births
1679 deaths
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Archbishops of St Andrews
Assassinated Scottish people
Chancellors of the University of St Andrews
Members of the Privy Council of Scotland
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1661–1663
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1665
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1667
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1669–1674
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1678
People from Banffshire
Scottish Presbyterians
Scottish Restoration bishops

masks:
James Sharp
Sharpe
James Sharp
William Sharp
William Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
James Mitchell
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
James Mitchell
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
James Russell
Sharp
Sharp
James Wood
James VII
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp


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<mask> (September 24, 1897 – December 29, 1975) was a Mexican graphic artist, notable for pioneering much of modern Mexican graphic arts. He spent his childhood around books and when he studied art in Mexico City, he specialized in engraving and illustration. He spent his career illustrating books, magazines and more, reviving techniques such as dry point and introducing new techniques and styles such as the use of color and linoleum printing. He was also a noted arts education, directing several schools including the Escuela Mexicana de las Artes del Libro (now the Escuela Nacional de Artes Gráficas), which he founded. He was a founding member of the Academia de Artes and a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana. In 1969 he received the Premio Nacional de Artes for engraving. <mask> was born in the Triana neighborhood in the city of Aguascalientes, the son of <mask> and Ignacia Medina.He spent his childhood around books as his father had a book binding shop. As a youth, he gained the nickname of "El Marqués <mask>as" due to his ability to portray various personalities. At an early age he showed artistic ability and was sent to the Academia de Dibujo run by José Inés Tovilla. After finishing primary school, he went to work with the Ferrocarril Central Mexicano . His artistic ability earned him a scholarship from the Aguascalientes state government to attend the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes, and he arrived to Mexico City in 1917 along with friend and fellow student <mask> <mask> . Here he studied under Leandro Izaguirre, German Gedovius and especially under Saturnino Herran, who taught him oil painting along with charcoal and pastel drawing. In 1919, <mask> Leon joined the movement that opposed official teaching methods and favored a reorganization of the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes.Shortly after he became one of the first students of the Chimalistac Open Air School of Painting, headed by Alfredo Ramos Martinez. In 1922, he began learning engraving techniques, eventually mastering all of them. In addition to his career in the graphic arts and teaching, he was also a writer, collector and photographer. He wrote a book of short stories called Su primer vuelo in 1945 and influential essays such as Gahona y Posada, grabadores mexicanos in 1968. <mask> <mask> collected graphic works from various artists as well as original publications. The artist's collection includes about 1,000 originals by José Guadalupe Posada, who he admired. It also includes original periodicals by Venegas Arroyo illustrated by Posada, as well as prints by <mask>, Emilio Amero, Leopoldo <mask> and some by Rufino Tamayo, David Alfaro Siqueiros, José Clemente Orozco and Picheta, a nickname for the engraver Gabriel Gahona (note 11) the first engraver in Yucatán, an artist from the 19th century.He was meticulous and organized, leaving behind many personal and professional notes. <mask> <mask> died at the age of 78 at his home in Coyoacán, leaving behind a widow, <mask> Carman Toussaint, a son, <mask>, and two daughters, Graziella and Susana. He was buried at Panteón Jardín. Career
Although <mask> <mask> had his first exhibition of his work with the Ferrocarril Central Mexicano while still in Aguascalientes, his career was focused on drawing and the graphic arts, rather than painting and exhibition. He illustrated and designed books, posters, catalogues and magazines. Much of his notable work is related to a magazine called Mexican Art and Life, which he edited with <mask> <mask> between 1937 and 1939. Other such work includes that done for books such as El gavilán by <mask> (1939), Viajes al siglo XIX by <mask> <mask> (1933), and Tasco.Guía de emociones by Manuel Toussaint (1967),  as well as a catalogue for the exhibit 20 Centuries of Mexican Art, presented in New York in 1940. He produced the posters and catalogues of the Sala de Arte of the Secretaría de Educación Pública and also created cartoons for the Diario de Yucatán . In 1928, with Carlos Alvarado Lang, he began a bookbinding workshop at the Escuela Central de Artes Plásticas, He was head of publications at the Palacio de Bellas Artes in 1934. In 1938, he founded, with cooperation of the Secretaría de Educación Pública, the Escuela de las Artes del Libro and served as director until 1956 when he retired. During his lifetime, he was a well-known and respected graphic artist, teacher and friend to many other graphic artists including Leopoldo <mask>, José Chávez Morado, Feliciano Pena, Ramón Alva <mask> Canal and <mask> <mask>. Although fourteen years his senior, José Clemente Orozco solicited the help of <mask> Leon for his first attempts at printmaking

Despite his importance in the first half of the 20th century, much of his work fell into obscurity, with almost all of his archive, about 4,000 pieces, stored in the family home in Mexico City. In 2008, this archive was donated to the Andrés Blaisten Collection of the Centro Cultural Universitario Tlatelolco by the artist's two daughters for promotion and academic study The collection includes works by the artist such as engravings, prints, drawings, oils and photographs, along with 2,000 bibliographic documents and the artist's personals collection of engravings from the colonial period and 19th century.<mask> <mask>'s teaching career began in 1920, when he began teaching classes at his own school, specializing in engraving and printmaking. At the Escuela Central de Artes Plásticas, he taught engraving in wood and metal. Among his students were Isidoro Ocampo, Abelardo Avila, and Jose Chavez Morado. Eventually he became the director of the Escuela de Pintura al Aire Libre in Tlalpan (1925-1932), and the director of the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas in 1933. In 1937, he founded the Escuela Mexicana de las Artes del Libro (now the Escuela Nacional de Artes Gráficas), which he directed until 1956, when he retired. He created the city seal of Aguascalientes in 1946 and created its motto along with Alejandro Topete <mask>. Recognitions for his work include membership in the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, the Posada gold medal in 1966, and the Premio Nacional de Artes for engraving in 1969.He is a founding member of the Academia de Artes. The Instituto Cultural de Aguascalienes created the <mask> Díaz de León Gallery and the Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes created a permanent exhibition of his works at the Máxima Casa de Estudios. In 2010, the Andrés Blaisten Collection in Mexico City held an exhibition of his work and the Instituto Cultural de Aguascalientes published a biography

Artistry
<mask> <mask> was a sketch artist, painter and photographer, but he was best known as a graphic artist and editor. He worked in ink and pencil and masters all types of engraving and printmaking work. Guillermo Jiménez  wrote in 1934 that <mask> <mask> was one of Mexico's greatest book illustrators. <mask> <mask> is considered to have been ahead of his time, pioneering many of the techniques and aesthetics found in modern Mexican graphic work. He revived techniques such as dry point, aqua tint, etching and woodcut.He made the first linoleum prints and introduced Japanese papers to be used in Oriental-style prints. He was a pioneer of editorial design, worked to add new techniques to prints, especially with the use of color. Although he was well-known and well respected during his career, much of his contributions have been forgotten One probably reason for this is that his work was apolitical, unlike the dominant Mexican muralism or the graphic work produced by organizations such as the Taller de Gráfica Popular . Much of his work was influenced by the forms and colors related to rural Mexico, especially those of the Aguascalientes of his youth. Common themes in his work include indigenous people, the countryside, images to reflect modern life of the time. <mask> <mask> was also an unpublished photographer, with an archive of about 2,500 images. This work has been compared to that of Tina Modotti and Manuel Álvarez Bravo.One notable image is called the "Fusilado" (Shot by firing squad) which the condemned is photographed from among the firing squad just be sentence is carried out. He also did a series of photographic self-portraits in the 1920s where he dressed up in different costumes. He also went out in different costumes, just to see the reactions of people, a kind of "happening" event. The first time his photographic work was exhibited was in 2010 at the Centro Cultural Universitario Tlatelolco. He did some oils which include La Casa de Xoco, Indias en día de Mercado and Camino a Ozumba; however, most of these have been lost. References

External links

 <mask> <mask> (Spanish) at luisarmando.com.mx

Mexican engravers
People from Aguascalientes City
1897 births
1975 deaths
20th-century engravers
20th-century printmakers

masks:
Francisco Díaz de León
Life Díaz de León
Francisco Díaz de León
de Polain
Gabriel Fernández
Ledesma
Diaz de
Díaz de
León
Fernández Ledesma
Méndez
Díaz de
León
María del
Francisco
Díaz de
León
Gabriel Fernández
Ledesma
Francisco Castilla
Enrique Fernández
Ledesma
Méndez
de la
Gabriel Fernández
Ledesma
Diaz de
Díaz de
León
del Valle
Francisco
Díaz de
León
Díaz de
León
Díaz de
León
Díaz de
León
Francisco Díaz
de León


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<mask> (; born <mask>; 22 July 1967) is a Welsh actor, producer, and singer. He was the frontman of Welsh rock music bands The Peth and Super Furry Animals. As an actor, he is best known for his roles in Notting Hill (1999), Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000) and Enduring Love (2004) as well as his portrayals of Xenophilius Lovegood in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010), the supervillain Lizard in The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) and Grigori Rasputin in The King's Man (2021). Other roles include Hector DeJean in the Epix thriller series Berlin Station and Mycroft Holmes in the CBS series Elementary. Early life
Ifans was born <mask> in Haverfordwest on 22 July 1967, the son of nursery school teacher Beti-Wyn (née Davies) and primary school teacher Eurwyn Evans. His younger brother, <mask>, is also an actor. He grew up in Ruthin, where he received his primary education at Ysgol Pentrecelyn and was raised speaking Welsh as his first language.He attended Ysgol Maes Garmon, a Welsh medium secondary school in Mold, where he took his O levels and A levels. He attended acting classes at Theatr Clwyd. After leaving school, he presented Welsh-language television programmes on S4C. He studied acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, where he graduated in 1997. Career

Stage
Ifans' early stage work included Hamlet at Theatr Clwyd, A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Regent's Park Theatre, and Under Milk Wood and Volpone at the National Theatre. He appeared at the Donmar Warehouse in 2003's Accidental Death of an Anarchist. In 2006 he returned to the London stage in Michael Grandage's production of Don Juan in Soho at the Donmar Warehouse.In 2016, <mask> played Fool alongside Glenda Jackson in Deborah Warner's production of King Lear, at The Old Vic. He returned to The Old Vic to play Ebenezer Scrooge in Matthew Warchus' production of A Christmas Carol (adapted by Jack Thorne) in 2017 and in 2018 returned to the National Theatre to play King Berenger in Patrick Marber's new adaptation of Eugene Ionesco's Exit the King. <mask> was given the role of Atticus Finch in Aaron Sorkin's To Kill A Mockingbird to begin at London's Gielgud Theatre on 21 May 2020. The play was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic but was rescheduled for May 2021. The role of Atticus Finch was later given to Rafe Spall due to scheduling conflicts. Television
Ifans appeared in many Welsh-language television programmes before embarking on his film career, including the comedy show , as well as performing at the National Theatre, London and the Royal Exchange, Manchester. In 1990, he presented Sdwnsh (Welsh for "Mash"), an anarchic children's quiz programme.A total of 31 fifteen-minute programmes were broadcast on Welsh-language TV channel S4C. He narrated the children's animated series Sali Mali for S4C in 2000. In 2005, <mask> made a guest appearance for the rock band Oasis in the video for their single "The Importance of Being Idle" (where he mimed to Noel Gallagher's vocals), for which he accepted their award for Video of the Year at the 2006 NME Awards. He has also appeared in the music videos for "God! Show Me Magic" and "Hometown Unicorn" by Super Furry Animals, "Mulder and Scully" by Catatonia, and "Mama Told Me Not to Come" by Tom Jones with Stereophonics. In 2008, he appeared in "Six Days One June", one of three episodes of the TV series The Last Word Monologues, written by Hugo Blick and broadcast on BBC Two. He played a lonely Welsh farmer trying to free himself from a domineering mother.From 2016 to 2019, Ifans portrayed hard-nosed American CIA case officer Hector DeJean in the U.S. pay-cable Epix network espionage thriller drama series Berlin Station, which was filmed on location in Berlin. Ifans has been cast in the Game of Thrones prequel, House of the Dragon, which is scheduled for release in 2022. Feature films
Following his role as Jeremy Lewis in the Swansea-based movie Twin Town (1997) alongside his brother Llŷr, Ifans gained international exposure in his role as the slovenly housemate Spike in the British film Notting Hill (1999). Reportedly, in preparation for the role, Ifans did not wash himself or brush his teeth. He played Adrian, the pompous eldest brother in Little Nicky (2000). Other film roles include: Eyeball Paul in Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000), Nigel in The Replacements (2000), Iki in The 51st State (2001), William Dobbin in Vanity Fair (2004), and Vladis Grutas in Hannibal Rising (2007). He played Jed Parry in the 2004 film version of Ian McEwan's Enduring Love, and the lead role in Danny Deckchair (2003) as Danny Morgan.<mask> revealed in March 2009 that he was to appear in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010). He played Xenophillius Lovegood, editor of the wizarding magazine The Quibbler and father of the eccentric Luna Lovegood. In the same interview, he announced that he would play the title role in the film Mr. Nice, based on the life of the drug smuggler Howard Marks. He played Nemo Nobody's father in Mr. Nobody. He played a villain in Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang. On 11 October 2010 Associated Press confirmed that <mask> would portray the villain in the Spider-Man reboot film The Amazing Spider-Man. The villain was revealed as the Curt Connors / Lizard a few days later, and the film was released in July 2012.In 2015, <mask> starred in She's Funny That Way, directed by Peter Bogdanovich. On 16 November 2021 it was revealed, through the film's official trailer, that <mask> would reprise his role as Lizard from The Amazing Spider-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Spider-Man: No Way Home, to be released on 17 December. Later it was revealed that <mask> was not actually present on set and only lent his voice for the character created through digital means, with his human form at the end of the film being from archival footage from The Amazing Spider-Man. <mask> also appeared as Grigori Rasputin in the spy film The King's Man, which was released in December 2021. Music
Ifans was briefly lead vocalist of the rock band Super Furry Animals before they released any records. Since 2007, Ifans has sung with the psychedelic rock band The Peth ("peth" is Welsh for "thing"), featuring Super Furry Animals' Dafydd Ieuan, which played a number of concert dates in south Wales and in London in the autumn of 2008. In 2009 the band supported Oasis at a concert in the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.Charity work
In September 2012, Ifans became a patron of the Welsh-language Wikipedia, together with then Archbishop of Wales Barry Morgan. In 2017, Ifans partnered with Shelter Cymru in a campaign called "7 Ways You Can End Homelessness". He also in 2017 supported the community purchase of Tafarn Sinc, a pub in his native Pembrokeshire facing closure. Personal life
Ifans lives in London. He dated British actress Anna Friel from 2011 to 2014. Controversies
In 2002, Ifans caused some controversy in the British media for his alleged support of Meibion Glyndŵr, a militant Welsh nationalist group which burnt down more than 100 empty holiday homes in Wales owned by English people in the 1980s. This was mainly due to an interview Mariella Frostrup conducted with him for The Observer in which he said, "Welsh-speaking communities are under threat more than at any other time in history because of house prices.[...] Communities that have been there for centuries are essentially becoming holiday villages. Young people are forced to leave because there's no work and the young people that are left can't afford to live there. That's a crime." During the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con, Ifans was arrested for misdemeanour battery by San Diego police after allegedly pushing a guard prior to speaking on a guest panel. The local District Attorney's office announced that Ifans would not be charged due to lack of evidence. Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

Honours, awards and nominations
In 2005, Ifans won a BAFTA for his portrayal of comedian Peter Cook in the TV film Not Only But Always. On 16 July 2007, he received an Honorary Fellowship of Bangor University, for services to the film industry.References

External links

1967 births
Living people
Cool Cymru
People from Haverfordwest
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
People associated with Bangor University
People from Ruthin
Super Furry Animals members
Welsh male film actors
Welsh male stage actors
Welsh male television actors
Welsh male voice actors
Welsh-speaking actors
20th-century Welsh male actors
21st-century Welsh male actors
Best Actor BAFTA Award (television) winners

masks:
Rhys Ifans
Rhys Owain Evans
Rhys Owain Evans
Lŷr Ifans
Ifans
Ifans
Ifans
Ifans
Ifans
Ifans
Ifans
Ifans
Ifans