text_chunks:
<mask> (born 7 July 1941) is a Cameroonian politician. He founded the Social Democratic Front (SDF), the main opposition party in Cameroon, in 1990. He failed to get elected as a senator in 2013. Life and career
<mask> was born in Baba II, near Bamenda in the Northwest Province of Cameroon. The title of Ni, (a mark of respect) was given to him when he was born. He attended school in Cameroon at the Baforchu Basel Mission and the Santa Native Authority before going to Nigeria to study (at Lagos City College) and work in 1957. In 1966, he returned to Cameroon and began selling vegetables.He ran a bookstore in Bamenda, the Ebibi Book Centre, headed a football club from 1979 to 1988, and headed the Lions Club International branch in Bamenda from 1987 to 1988. He was a candidate of the ruling Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (RDPC) in the Mezam Central constituency during the single-party 1988 parliamentary election, losing to a different RDPC list. <mask> was the founder of the SDF, an opposition party, in 1990. He was elected as the SDF's National Chairman at its First Ordinary National Convention, held in Bamenda in May 1992. In the October 1992 presidential election, he made a strong showing against President Paul Biya, losing with 36% of the vote against Biya's 40% according to official results (in Fru <mask>'s stronghold, Northwest Province, he officially won 86.3%). This election was condemned as fraudulent by the opposition, and Fru <mask> and third place opposition candidate Maigari Bello Bouba unsuccessfully sought for the election to be annulled by the Supreme Court. Amidst the outbreak of violence in the North-West Province that followed the election, Fru <mask> was placed under house arrest in late October 1992.After about a month, he was released. On 20 January 1993, <mask> <mask>, along with his wife Rose, attended the inauguration of United States President Bill Clinton. He and Rose were photographed with Clinton and Clinton's wife Hillary, and <mask> <mask>'s presence at the event had a symbolic impact in Cameroon, giving the impression of recognition and legitimacy in light of <mask> <mask>'s claim to have won the 1992 election. Along with other opposition parties, the SDF chose to boycott the October 1997 presidential election. <mask> <mask> was re-elected as SDF Chairman at the party's fifth congress in April 1999, receiving 1,561 votes from delegates against 40 for his challenger, Chretien Tabetsing. <mask> <mask> was the SDF candidate in the October 2004 presidential election; according to official results, he took second place with 17.40% of the vote against 70.92% for Biya. He received his best results in Northwest Province (68.16%), followed by West Province (45.04%), Littoral Province (32.71%), and Southwest Province (30.59%).<mask> <mask> alleged fraud in the July 2007 parliamentary election and called for it to be annulled; in the election, the SDF won the second highest number of seats but was far behind the ruling RDPC, which won an overwhelming majority of seats. After the election, <mask> <mask> said that Biya should recognize him as the official leader of the opposition. <mask> <mask> said on November 14, 2007 that he would be willing to meet with Biya. He said that Biya had not invited him to meet and that he had tried to meet Biya several times, contradicting Biya's statement on French television that <mask> <mask> had not responded to his invitation. On 12 April 2008, <mask> <mask> called for a national day of mourning on 21 April 2008 to commemorate the individuals who died during the 2008 anti-government protests and the "death of democracy" in Cameroon. <mask> <mask> indicated that he believed the 2008 changes to the Constitution were intended to enable President Biya to be lifelong dictator of Cameroon and that the changes would institutionalize corruption, immunity, and inertia. <mask> <mask> again stood unsuccessfully as a candidate in the October 2011 presidential election, placing a distant second behind Biya.A few days after the election, on October 17, 2011, <mask> <mask>, alongside other presidential candidates, called an emergency meeting to demand that Biya annul the election. In the April 2013 Senate election, <mask> <mask> stood as a candidate in the Northwest Province, his primary support base. The indirect election marked the creation of the upper house of Parliament; previously only the National Assembly had existed. <mask> <mask> failed to win a seat in the Senate. He alleged that the ruling party had bribed some SDF local councilors. <mask> <mask> has taken a critical stance against the Cameroonian government's handling of the Anglophone Crisis, a war that has affected him personally. In October 2018, Ambazonian separatists burned down his house in Bamenda.On April 19, 2019, his brother was kidnapped by gunmen, who demanded a ransom. Eight days later he was kidnapped himself, while visiting Kumbo, Northwest Region to attend the funeral of Joseph Banadzem, the Parliamentary group leader of the SDF. He was released shortly afterwards, with the SDF describing the whole affair as a "misunderstanding" that was quickly solved. It was revealed the next day that the separatist had kidnapped Fru <mask> in order to get a chance to talk to him. In a video that appeared online, gunmen asked the SDF leader to withdraw all SDF legislators from the National Assembly and the senate. Fru <mask> replied that he would not, stating that doing so would be counterproductive. In June 2019, <mask> <mask> stated that while he was not a separatist, the government "was pushing him" in that direction.Fru <mask> has made a point of always travelling without a security escort whenever he visits the Anglophone regions, stating that he is not afraid of his own people - including separatists. References

External links
A Brief Narrative on the Man Ni John Fru Ndi by Sarli Sardou Nana
Website of SDF Germany
SDF Websiten
http://www.thepostwebedition.com

1941 births
Living people
People from Bamenda
Cameroonian Protestants
Cameroon People's Democratic Movement politicians
Social Democratic Front (Cameroon) politicians
Cameroonian democracy activists

masks:
Ni John Fru Ndi
Fru Ndi
Ndi
Ndi
Ndi
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
John Fru
Ndi
Ndi
Ndi
Fru
Ndi
Ndi


text_chunks:
<mask> (; February 16, 1915, Petrograd, Russian Empire – 1991, Leningrad, USSR) was a Russian Soviet realist painter, graphic artist, art teacher, scenographer, and stage designer who lived and worked in Leningrad. She was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting. Biography
<mask> was born February 16, 1915, in the Petrograd, Russian Empire. In 1937, <mask> entered at the first course of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. There she studied under Boris Fogel, Mikhail Bernshtein, Alexander Zaytsev, and Igor Grabar. In 1946, <mask> graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after Ilya Repin as stage designer in Mikhail Bobishov workshop. Her graduated work was design the play by E. Rostand's "Cyrano de Bergerac."Since 1947, <mask> <mask> has participated in Art Exhibitions. She painted portraits, cityscapes, still lifes, landscapes, genre paintings, sketches for the theatre costumes and set-scenes. She worked in watercolor, oil and tempera paintings. A talented colorist, mastered techniques of plein air painting. The beauty of color and fundamental composition attached to her works soft poetic sounds, raising levels of everyday scenes to complete and profound image. Development of a picturesque manners went in the direction of strengthening decorative qualities of painting. Since 1946, <mask> <mask> was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists.In years of 1940-1960s, <mask> Shteinmiller taught drawings and painting in the Leningrad's Higher School of Art and Industry (since 1953 named after Vera Mukhina). <mask> Pavlovna Shteinmiller died on November 11, 1991 in Leningrad. Her paintings reside in museums and private collections in Russia, Germany, France, England, the U.S., Italy, and others. See also
 Leningrad School of Painting
 List of 20th-century Russian painters
 List of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
 Saint Petersburg Union of Artists

References

Principal exhibitions

 1951 (Leningrad): Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1951, with Piotr Alberti, Vsevolod Bazhenov, Piotr Belousov, Piotr Buchkin, Rudolf Frentz, Nikolai Galakhov, Vladimir Gorb, Tatiana Kopnina, Alexander Lubimov, Evsey Moiseenko, Mikhail Natarevich, Yuri Neprintsev, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Sergei Osipov, Alexander Pushnin, Ivan Savenko, Gleb Savinov, Alexander Samokhvalov, Vladimir Seleznev, Alexander Shmidt, <mask> <mask>, Nikolai Timkov, Leonid Tkachenko, Mikhail Tkachev, Yuri Tulin, Igor Veselkin, Rostislav Vovkushevsky, Vecheslav Zagonek, and other important Leningrad artists. 1957 (Leningrad): 1917 – 1957. 1957 (Moscow): All-Union Art Exhibition of 1957 dedicated to the 40th Anniversary of October Revolution, with Vsevolod Bazhenov, Nikolai Baskakov, Irina Baldina, Piotr Belousov, Piotr Buchkin, Zlata Bizova, Nikolai Galakhov, Elena Gorokhova, Alexei Eriomin, Engels Kozlov, Maya Kopitseva, Boris Korneev, Boris Lavrenko, Oleg Lomakin, Nikita Medovikov, Evsey Moiseenko, Mikhail Natarevich, Samuil Nevelshtein, Yuri Neprintsev, Dmitry Oboznenko, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Nikolai Pozdneev, Alexander Pushnin, Ivan Savenko, Gleb Savinov, Alexander Samokhvalov, Alexander Semionov, Nadezhda Shteinmiller, Victor Teterin, Nikolai Timkov, Mikhail Trufanov, Yuri Tulin, Ivan Varichev, Piotr Vasiliev, Nina Veselova, Sergei Zakharov, Maria Zubreeba, and other important Leningrad artists. 1962 (Leningrad): The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1962, with Piotr Alberti, Evgenia Antipova, Taisia Afonina, Vsevolod Bazhenov, Ivan Varichev, Valery Vatenin, Rostislav Vovkushevsky, Nikolai Galakhov, Vladimir Gorb, Abram Grushko, Alexei Eremin, Boris Lavrenko, Ivan Lavsky, Valeria Larina, Oleg Lomakin, Gavriil Malish, Evsey Moiseenko, Nikolai Mukho, Piotr Nazarov, Vera Nazina, Mikhail Natarevich, Dmitry Oboznenko, Lev Orekhov, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Sergei Osipov, Nikolai Pozdneev, Galina Rumiantseva, Gleb Savinov, Alexander Semionov, Arseny Semionov, Nadezhda Shteinmiller, Alexander Tatarenko, Victor Teterin, Nikolai Timkov, Mikhail Trufanov, Yuri Tulin, and other important Leningrad artists.1994 (Saint Petersburg): The Leningrad Artists. 1996 (Saint Petersburg): Paintings of 1940-1990s. The Leningrad School, with Piotr Alberti, Taisia Afonina, Vsevolod Bazhenov, Irina Baldina, Veniamin Borisov, Vladimir Chekalov, Evgeny Chuprun, Nikolai Galakhov, Tatiana Gorb, Abram Grushko, Alexei Eriomin, Mikhail Kaneev, Mikhail Kozell, Maya Kopitseva, Marina Kozlovskaya, Alexander Koroviakov, Vladimir Krantz, Boris Lavrenko, Ivan Lavsky, Piotr Litvinsky, Dmitry Maevsky, Valentina Monakhova, Mikhail Natarevich, Anatoli Nenartovich, Samuil Nevelshtein, Lev Orekhov, Sergei Osipov, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Victor Otiev, Nikolai Pozdneev, Evgeny Pozdniakov, Lev Russov, Galina Rumiantseva, Kapitolina Rumiantseva, Alexander Samokhvalov, Alexander Semionov, <mask> <mask>, German Tatarinov, Nikolai Timkov, Mikhail Tkachev, Leonid Tkachenko, Anatoli Vasiliev, Igor Veselkin, Rostislav Vovkushevsky, Ruben Zakharian, and other important Leningrad artists. Bibliography
 Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1951. Exhibition catalogue. – Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1951. – p. 22.The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1956. Catalogue. – Leningrad: Leningrad artist, 1958. – p. 68. 1917 – 1957. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists. Catalogue.– Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1958. – p. 86. All-Union Art Exhibition of 1957 dedicated to the 40th Anniversary of October Revolution. Catalogue. – Moscow: Soviet artist, 1957. – p. 258. The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1958.Catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1959. – p. 50. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1960. Exhibition catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1961. – p. 46.Soviet Russia republic exhibition of 1960. Exhibition catalogue. – Moscow: Ministry of culture of Russian Federation, 1960. – p. 93. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1961. Exhibition catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1964.– p. 44. Autumn Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1962. Exhibition Catalogue. – Leningrad: : Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1962. – p. 28. The Leningrad Fine Arts Exhibition. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1965.– pp. 62, 142. Art works by Russian Federation Artists grants to Museums and Culture Institutions (1963–1971). Official Catalogue. – Moscow: Russian Federation Union of Artists, 1972. – p. 128. Our Contemporary regional exhibition of Leningrad artists of 1975.Catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1980. – p. 66. The Fine Arts of Leningrad. Exhibition catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1976. – p. 261.Directory of members of the Union of Artists of USSR. Volume 2. – Moscow: Soviet artist, 1979. – p. 603. Exhibitions of the Soviet art. Directory. Volume 5.1954 – 1958. – Moscow: Soviet Artist, 1981. – pp. 24, 122, 260, 379, 384, 387, 549, 571. Directory of members of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation.- Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1987. – p. 149. Painting from the life by Leningrad artists.Exhibition catalogue. – Saint Petersburg: Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial museum, 1994. – p. 6. The Lyrics in the works of artists of the war generation. Painting, drawings. Exhibition catalogue. – Saint Petersburg: Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial museum, 1995.– p. 6. Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School. – Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. – pp. 9, 27, 249, 297, 307, 373, 387, 389, 391–395, 404, 405, 413–417, 422, 423. , .Anniversary Directory graduates of Saint Petersburg State Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture named after Ilya Repin, Russian Academy of Arts. 1915 – 2005. – Saint Petersburg: Pervotsvet Publishing House, 2007. p. 57.  .

VIDEO
 Portrait painting of 1920-1990s. The Leningrad School. Part 1

1915 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Russian painters
Soviet painters
Socialist realism
People from Saint Petersburg
Socialist realism artists
Painters from Saint Petersburg
Repin Institute of Arts alumni
Russian women artists
Russian women painters
Members of the Leningrad Union of Artists
Soviet women artists
20th-century Russian women

masks:
Nadezhda Pavlovna Shteinmiller
Nadezhda Pavlovna Shteinmiller
Nahda Shteinmiller
Nahda Shteinmiller
Nadezhda
Shteinmiller
Nadezhda
Shteinmiller
Nadezhda
Nadezhda
Nadezhda
Shteinmiller
Nadezhda
Shteinmiller


text_chunks:
<mask> (; 5 November 1926 – 2 January 2017) was an English art critic, novelist, painter and poet. His novel G. won the 1972 Booker Prize, and his essay on art criticism Ways of Seeing, written as an accompaniment to the BBC series of the same name, is often used as a university text. He lived in France for over fifty years. Early life
<mask> was born on 5 November 1926 in Stoke Newington, London, the first of two children of Miriam and <mask>. His grandfather was from Trieste, Italy, and his father, Stanley, raised as a non-religious Jew who adopted Catholicism, had been an infantry officer on the Western Front during the First World War and was awarded the Military Cross and an OBE. <mask> was educated at St Edward's School, Oxford. He served in the British Army during the Second World War from 1944 to 1946.He enrolled at the Chelsea School of Art and the Central School of Art and Design in London. Career
<mask> began his career as a painter and exhibited works at a number of London galleries in the late 1940s. His art has been shown at the Wildenstein, Redfern and Leicester Galleries in London. <mask> taught drawing at St Mary's teacher training college. He later became an art critic, publishing many essays and reviews in the New Statesman. His Marxist humanism and his strongly stated opinions on modern art combined to make him a controversial figure early in his career. As a statement of political commitment, he titled an early collection of essays Permanent Red.<mask> was never a formal member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB): rather he was a close associate of it and its front, the Artists’ International Association (AIA), until the latter disappeared in 1953. He was active in the Geneva Club, a discussion group that appears to have overlapped with British communist circles in the 1950s. Publishing
In 1958, <mask> published his first novel, A Painter of Our Time, which tells the story of the disappearance of Janos Lavin, a fictional exiled Hungarian painter, and his diary's discovery by an art critic friend called <mask>. The work was withdrawn by the publisher under pressure from the Congress for Cultural Freedom a month after its publication. His next novels were The Foot of Clive and Corker's Freedom; both of which presented an urban English life of alienation and melancholy. <mask> moved to Quincy in the Haute-Savoie, France, in 1962 due to his distaste for life in Britain. In 1972, the BBC broadcast his four-part television series Ways of Seeing  and published its accompanying text, a book of the same name.The first episode functions as an introduction to the study of images; it was derived in part from Walter Benjamin's essay "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction". The subsequent episodes concern the image of woman as a sexualized object in Western culture, expressions of property ownership and wealth in European oil painting, and modern advertising. The series, the first of several close collaborations with director Mike Dibb, has had a lasting influence, and in particular introduced the concept of the male gaze, as part of his analysis of the treatment of the nude in European painting. It soon became popular among feminists, including the British film critic Laura Mulvey, who used it to critique traditional media representations of the female character in cinema. <mask>'s novel G., a picaresque romance set in Europe in 1898, won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and the Booker Prize in 1972. <mask> donated half the Booker cash prize to the British Black Panthers, and retained half to support his work on the study on migrant workers that became A Seventh Man, asserting that both endeavors represented  aspects of his political struggle. <mask>'s sociological writings include A Fortunate Man: The Story of a Country Doctor (1967) and A Seventh Man: Migrant Workers in Europe (1975).<mask> and photographer Jean Mohr, his frequent collaborator, sought to document and understand the experiences of peasants. Their subsequent book, Another Way of Telling, discusses and illustrates their documentary technique and treats the theory of photography through <mask>'s essays and Mohr's photographs. His studies of individual artists include The Success and Failure of Picasso (1965), a survey of that modernist's career, and Art and Revolution: Ernst Neizvestny, Endurance, and the Role of the Artist in the USSR (1969). In the 1970s, <mask> collaborated on three films with the Swiss director Alain Tanner: He wrote or co-wrote La Salamandre (1971), The Middle of the World (1974), and Jonah Who Will Be 25 in the Year 2000 (1976). His major fictional work of the 1980s, the trilogy Into Their Labours (consisting of the novels Pig Earth, Once in Europa, and Lilac and Flag), treats the European peasant experience from its farming roots to contemporary economic and political displacement and urban poverty. In 1974, <mask> co-founded the Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative Ltd in London with Arnold Wesker, Lisa Appignanesi, Richard Appignanesi, Chris Searle, Glenn Thompson, Siân Williams, and others. The cooperative was active until the early 1980s.In later essays, <mask> wrote about photography, art, politics, and memory. He published in The Shape of a Pocket a correspondence with Subcomandante Marcos, and penned short stories that appeared in The Threepenny Review and The New Yorker. His sole volume of poetry is Pages of the Wound, though other volumes, such as the theoretical essays And Our Faces, My Heart, Brief as Photos contain poetry. His 2007 collection of essays on the uses of art as an instrument of political resistance, Hold Everything Dear, was titled after the poem by Gareth Evans. His later novels include To the Wedding, a love story dealing with the AIDS crisis, and King: A Street Story, a novel about homelessness and shantytown life told from the perspective of a stray dog. Initially, <mask> insisted that his name be kept off the cover and title page of King, wanting the novel to be received on its own merits. <mask>'s 1980 volume About Looking includes an influential chapter, "Why Look at Animals?"It is cited by numerous scholars in the interdisciplinary field of animal studies. The chapter was later reproduced in a Penguin Great Ideas selection of essays of the same title. <mask>'s novel From A to X was long-listed for the 2008 Booker Prize. In Bento's Sketchbook (2011) <mask> combines extracts from Baruch Spinoza, sketches, memoir, and observations in a book that contemplates the relationship of materialism to spirituality. According to <mask>, what could be seen as a contradiction "is beautifully resolved by Spinoza, who shows that it is not a duality, but in fact an essential unity". The book has been described as "a characteristically sui generis work combining an engagement with the thought of the 17th-century lens grinder, draughtsman, and philosopher Baruch Spinoza, with a study of drawing and a series of semi-autobiographical sketches". Among his last works is Confabulations (essays, 2016).Other work
In 1999, <mask> voiced both twin brother characters Archie and Albert Crisp in the video game Grand Theft Auto: London 1969. He was a member of the Support Committee of the Russell Tribunal on Palestine. Personal life
<mask> married three times,
first to artist and illustrator Patt Marriott in 1949; the marriage was childless and the couple divorced. In the mid-1950s, he married the Russian Anya Bostock (née Anna Sisserman), with whom he had two children, Katya <mask> and <mask>; the couple divorced in the mid-1970s. Soon afterwards, he married Beverly Bancroft, with whom he had one child, Yves. Beverly died in 2013. <mask> died at his home in Antony, France, on 2 January 2017 at the age of 90.Legacy
In July 2009 <mask> donated his archive of 369 files, nine boxes and one book to the British Library. The contents include literary manuscripts, drafts, unpublished material and correspondence. (2001)
The Shape of a Pocket (2001)
I Send You This Cadmium Red: A Correspondence between <mask> and <mask> (with <mask>) (2001)
 My Beautiful (with Marc Trivier) (2004)
<mask> on Drawing (2005)
Here is Where We Meet (2005)
Hold Everything Dear: Dispatches on Survival and Resistance (2007; 2nd ed. 2016)
The Red Tenda of Bologna (2007)
War with No End (with Naomi Klein, Hanif Kureishi, Arundhati Roy, Ahdaf Soueif, Joe Sacco and Haifa Zangana) (2007)
Meanwhile (2008)
Why Look at Animals? (2009)
From I to J (with Isabel Coixet) (2009)
 Lying Down to Sleep (with Katya <mask>) (2010)
 Railtracks (with Anne Michaels) (2011)
Bento's Sketchbook (2011)
Cataract (with Selçuk Demirel) (2012)
Understanding a Photograph (Geoff Dyer, ed.) (2013)
Daumier: The Heroism of Modern Life (2013)
Flying Skirts: An Elegy (with <mask>) (2014)
Portraits: <mask> on Artists (Tom Overton, ed.) (2015)
Cuatro horizontes (Four Horizons) (with Sister Lucia Kuppens, Sister Telchilde Hinkley and <mask>) (2015)
Lapwing & Fox (Conversations between <mask> and <mask>) (2016)
Confabulations (Essays) (2016)
Landscapes: <mask> on Art (Tom Overton, ed.)(2016)
John by Jean: Fifty Years of Friendship (Jean Mohr, ed.) (2016)
A Sparrow's Journey: <mask> Reads Andrey Platonov (CD: 44:34 & 81-page book with Robert Chandler and Gareth Evans), London: House Sparrow Press in association with the London Review Bookshop (2016)
Smoke (with Selçuk Demirel) (2017)
Seeing Through Drawing  (with <mask>) (2017). The book, published by OBJECTIF, features new texts by and about <mask> plus a catalogue section of images, information and stories from the invited artists in the main exhibition held on 8 July – 26 August 2017 at Mandell's Gallery, Norwich. It contains two previously unpublished sequences of correspondence on art and communications between <mask> and his daughter Katya <mask>is along with tributes and stories from: Anne Michaels, <mask>, Eulàlia Bosch, Geoff Dyer, Gareth Evans, Paul Gordon and Tom Overton. The book also features a compilation of writings on the art and practice of drawing collected together by <mask>, from across <mask>'s art criticism, fiction, essays and letters. What Time Is It? (with Selçuk Demirel) (Maria Nadotti, ed.)(2019)
Swimming Pool (with Leon Kossoff) (Introduction by Deborah Levy. Postscript by <mask>. <mask>’s Texts selected by Teresa Pintó. Book design by <mask>) (2020)

Film

The Seasons in Quincy: Four Portraits of <mask> (2016), directed by Tilda Swinton, Colin MacCabe, Christopher Roth and Bartek Dziadosz. Reviews
Harkness, Allan (1983), <mask>: A Seventh Man?, review of A Seventh Man and Another Way of Telling, in Hearn, Sheila G.(ed. ), Cencrastus No. 12, Spring 1983, pp.46 & 47,

References

Further reading

 Sperling, Joshua (2018) A Writer of Our Time: The Life and Work of <mask>
 Bounds, Philip "Beyond : The Media Criticism of <mask>" in Philip Bounds and Mala Jagmohan (eds), Recharting Media Studies, Peter Lang 2008,
 Dyer, Geoff Ways of Telling: The Work of <mask>, . Dyer, Geoff (Ed.) <mask>, Selected Essays, Bloomsbury. .
 Fuller, Peter (1980) <mask>. A Revaluation of , Writers and Readers. .
 Hertel, Ralf and David Malcolm (eds. ), On <mask>: Telling Stories. Leiden: Brill, 2015. .
 Hochschild, Adam Finding the Trapdoor: Essays, Portraits, Travels (Syracuse University Press, 1997), "Broad Jumper in the Alps," pp. 50–64.Krautz, Jochen Vom Sinn des Sichtbaren. <mask>s Ästhetik und Ethik als Impuls für die Kunstpädagogik am Beispiel der Fotografie, Hamburg 2004 (Dr. Kovac) . Merrifield, <mask> <mask>, London: Reaktion Books, 2012. Papastergiadis, Nikos Modernity as exile: The stranger in <mask>'s writing (Manchester University Press, 1993)
 Chandan, Amarjit; Evans, Gareth; Gunaratnam, Yasmin (Eds.) The Long White Thread of Words: Poems for <mask>, Ripon: Smokestack Books, 2016. Chandan, Amarjit; Gunaratnam, Yasmin (Eds.) A Jar of Wild Flowers: Essays in Celebration of <mask>, London: Zed Books, 2016.External links

Postscript: <mask>, 1926–2017
'Introduction to <mask> on Picasso' Mike Gonzalez in International Socialism 40 (1988). Defending Picasso's late work by <mask>, International Socialism 40 (1988). Verso Books author page
John Berger Archive at the British Library

1926 births
2017 deaths
20th-century English novelists
20th-century English painters
21st-century English painters
21st-century male artists
20th-century English poets
21st-century English poets
21st-century English male writers
Academics of St Mary's University, Twickenham
Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
Alumni of Chelsea College of Arts
British Army personnel of World War II
English art critics
English expatriates in France
English male novelists
English male painters
English Marxists
English male poets
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
English people of Italian-Jewish descent
Geometry of Fear
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
Booker Prize winners
Marxist humanists
Marxist writers
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
People educated at St Edward's School, Oxford
Writers from London

masks:
John Peter Berger
Berger
Stanley Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
John
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Berger
Jacob Berger
Berger
Berger
John Berger
John Christie
John Christie
Berger
Berger
Yves Berger
John Berger
John Christie
John Berger
John Christie
John Berger
John Berger
John Christie
John Berger
John Berger
Berger Andreadak
Yves Berger
John Christie
John Berger
Yves Berger
Berger
John Christie
John Berger
Berger
John Berger
John Berger
John Berger
John Berger
Seeing Berger
John Berger
John Berger
Andy John
Berger
John Berger
John Berger
John Berger
John Berger
John Berger
John Berger


text_chunks:
<mask> (born in 1967) is a contemporary artist and philosopher, and the founder of George Magalios Studios. <mask> is a multi-disciplinary visual artist who makes works in fields such as painting, photography, sculpture, and performance art. <mask> is an unusual artist because of his use of unique names and identities for each body of work: <mask> (The Fall Line painting series), <mask> (sculpture and installation art), Will Swinburne (performance art), Giorgio Fati (photography), and Jorge Griego (Energy Plan for the Florida Man painting series). <mask> bases all of his work and thought on the ground palette, a concept and form he has developed from his research into pre-historic cave painting. The ground palette is both a philosophical foundation and an aesthetic way of thinking that attempts to distill language and ideas down to their essences. In articles and various websites, <mask> lists his influences as Led Zeppelin, Willie Mays, Tim Tebow and his parents, Virginia and <mask>. He has exhibited in exhibitions in New York, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, and other cities across North America as well as in Athens and across Europe and continues his practice today in West Palm Beach, Florida.<mask> <mask> writes art theoretical works and art reviews of contemporary and modern art issues. He is a student of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Jean Baudrillard and he incorporates much of the ideas of these thinkers in both his art and his writings. He has presented papers and the College Art Association conference in New York (2007) and at the Subtle Technologies Conference in Toronto (2002). In addition to Montreal, <mask> has lived in Paris, San Francisco, New York, and Pittsburgh. Though he has lived in the United States for most of his life, the artist considers himself a Montrealer, albeit an exiled one. Sometimes referring to himself as a "Site-Specific Philosopher", <mask> is known for his attempt to fuse an aesthetic practice with a personal one based on virtue, truth, and beauty. Montreal, 1967–1974
<mask> was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.When <mask> was six years-old in 1973 he built a cave out of a mountain of snow in his backyard. This experience is considered by the artist to be a formative one and he has since called the work "Snow Womb" and has listed it in various biographies and lists of exhibitions. The artist remembers Montreal winters as being wombs of white and cold comforted by his mother's cooking and his visits to various Greek relatives. Raised in a Greek household, the artist grew up to speak English, Greek, and French and the cosmopolitan cultural environment proved to be a major influence on the artist's political and cultural outlook. West Palm Beach, 1974–1986
When <mask> was 7 years-old his family moved to West Palm Beach, Florida. The shift from rich and colorful Montreal to provincial South Florida proved to be a dramatic one. The artist's father signed him up for little league baseball as a way to get initiated into American culture and this game would prove to be a formative experience in his relationship to the United States.Around the age of 8 <mask>'s mother had him take painting lessons for the first time. The artist was told by the teacher, an established painter of portraits, that he should "stick to baseball" since his art skills were "limited at best". The artist first remembers painting a clown portrait based on a magazine photo. During his youth, the artist developed a reputation for pranks and athletic prowess on the baseball diamond. Around the age of 12 the artist is said to have begun a serious study of the music of Led Zeppelin, a band <mask> often lists as an influence on his work to this day. Soon after <mask><mask> discovered the work of Vincent Van Gogh when his mother bought him his first art book, a retrospective of the painter's work that the artist is said to still own and refer to for inspiration today. At Cardinal Newman High School <mask> hovered between athlete and artist and developed a reputation that defied easy classification because of his ability to hit a fastball 400 feet and appreciate the nuances of The Smiths, The Church, R.E.M.and Echo and the Bunnymen. Gainesville, 1986–1989
Upon graduating from high school <mask> attended the University of Florida where he began to study political theory and art history. It was during this time in Gainesville that he began to paint more seriously as he undertook a series of oils on canvas depicting the chromatic tendencies of the human face as it responded to various emotional stimuli. It is believed that only three of these paintings are extant. It was at the University of Florida where <mask> first developed a reputation as a developing painter and ardent defender of the sublime in art. Montreal, 1989–1992
In 1988, while still at the University of Florida, <mask> decided to move back to his native Montreal and take a year-long break from studies. Arriving in 1989 <mask> began a series of black and white semi-figurative paintings on masonite panels and ink drawings on paper.None of the paintings are believed to be still in existence as the artist has never mentioned them in any of his lists of works. In 1990, <mask> painted the first, of what would continue to be his most important series of Autumn-themed paintings. The work was a red-orange series of "leaves" on multiple 2x4 studs of wood that were individually screwed into a wall to become both a sculptural and painterly work. In 1991 <mask> began site-specific installations that consisted of assemblages of street trash from his Plateau Mont-Royal neighborhood. The assemblages would take the form of traditional Hindu Siva-Sakti lingam sculptures. This return to sculpture was inspired, in part, by a sense of existential homecoming the artist felt after living away from Montreal for 15 years. It was during the same year that the artist returned to complete his bachelor's degree at Concordia University.While there he was introduced to the work of Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean Baudrillard, two thinkers who would play a strong role in forming <mask>'s vision of the world that combined a penchant for a critical approach to perception and politics with an affirmation of the light and darkness of living. San Francisco, 1992–1997
In 1992 <mask> moved to San Francisco and was instantly influenced by the dramatic landscapes of the Pacific Coast and the Sierra Nevada, as well as by the atmosphere of kindness, friendship, and creativity in the Bay area. During this period he devoted himself almost exclusively to a series of guerilla site-specific installation works in both rural and urban settings. The works were often ephemeral in nature and largely influenced by artists such as Richard Long and Andy Goldsworthy. He also continued experimenting with a series of paintings on cardboard and canvas that explored a minimal use of painterly brush strokes in the earth colors of the ground palette. In 1993 <mask> enrolled in the Master's program of the Interdisciplinary Humanities Department at San Francisco State University. He would write his thesis on the views of art and technology held by Joseph Beuys and Martin Heidegger.The thesis, entitled "Site-Specific Philosophy", was an attempt to craft a philosophical way of thinking and living using the paradigms of installation-based sculpture. The thesis was well received and continues to be a foundation for much of the artist's writings. New York, 1997–1998
After receiving his master's degree <mask> moved to New York in 1998 to pursue a PhD in cultural theory at the New School for Social Research. He dropped out during the first day of classes after experiencing an epiphany on the streets of Greenwich Village. The vision was one of a life of art-making instead of a life of teaching and writing about art. It would prove to be a life-altering moment that allowed <mask> to fully embrace the art practice fully as a way of life rather than a way of theory. New York would also prove to be an important home for <mask> as he often mentions the importance of seeing so many important exhibitions and works by his heroes first hand.The Robert Rauschenberg retrospective at the Guggenheim Museum in 1997 and the Matisse collection at the Museum of Modern art are two examples frequently cited as poignant discoveries. Pittsburgh, 1998–2005
In 1998 <mask><mask> began studies in the MFA program at Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Art, upon a recommendation from Arthur Kroker, a former professor at Concordia University. While at Carnegie Mellon he met Bill Kofmehl and began a series of performance and installation works that explored concepts such as hunting, nature, and technology's influence on perception. It was in Pittsburgh where the artist further refined The Fall Line series of paintings and completed a separate, yet related, group of works called "Ground Palette Details", that were pictorial riffs of the ground palette form. The time in Pittsburgh was filled with wild experimentation for <mask>. It included forays into video art, digital media, and stand-up comedy. References

Canadian multimedia artists
20th-century Canadian painters
Canadian male painters
21st-century Canadian painters
Canadian photographers
Canadian sculptors
Canadian male sculptors
Canadian performance artists
Artists from Montreal
1967 births
Living people
20th-century sculptors

masks:
George Anastasios Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
George Magalios
Georges Ducharme
Magalios
Magalios
Elias Magalios
George Anastasios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
George A
. Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
George Magalios
Magalios
Magalios
George Magalios
George A
. Magalios
George Magalios


text_chunks:
<mask> (23 April 1941 – 9 January 2016), known as <mask> "Stewpot" <mask>, was an English radio broadcaster and TV presenter. He was principally known for his work as a DJ on BBC Radio 1 (particularly the Saturday morning Junior Choice) and Radio 2, and as a presenter for Top of the Pops and Crackerjack on BBC Television. Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born <mask>, the son of a Treasury solicitor, in Exmouth, Devon, on  . He attended Eagle House School, Sandhurst, Berkshire and St Edward's School, Oxford, and his broadcasting career began in Hong Kong. While touring there as bass player with a jazz group, he gained a job on a local radio station as a sports commentator, then as an announcer and, finally, as a disc jockey. He remained at this station for four years. In July 1965 <mask> became a DJ on the offshore radio station Radio London (Big L) where he became a household name before the Marine Offences Act (1967) was passed, and was its chief DJ by the time it closed on 14 August 1967.Career with BBC Radio and Television
After Radio London shut down, <mask> became one of the first DJs to join Radio 1, presenting Happening Sunday and What's New. In 1968, <mask> took over the weekend morning Junior Choice show, where he remained for a dozen years. The show was peppered with catch-phrase jingles such as "'Ello Darlin'", recorded by an unknown patient at a hospital in Billericay, and "Happy Birthday to You" sung by an eight-year-old boy, from a football club in Crosskeys, on the team coach after the match. In 1968 he recorded the charity single "I Like My Toys", a cover of The Idle Race song, as "Stewpot And Save The Children Fund Choir". In 1972 he also presented Radio 1's Sunday Sport show. One week in early 1972, he stood in for Alan Freeman on Pick of the Pops, as well as sitting in for the likes of David Hamilton and Terry Wogan through the 1970s. On 10 September 1973 <mask> became the first presenter of Radio 1's Newsbeat programme.<mask> became a regular presenter of the BBC television programme Top of the Pops in 1971. He also presented the children's programme Crackerjack from 1973 to 1979, and had a short-lived programme Ed and Zed in 1970. In 1967, <mask> was the host on the Associated-Rediffusion game show Exit! It's the Way-Out Show. In 1980 <mask> moved to Radio 2, presenting Family Favourites and the weekday afternoon programme from 2pm to 4pm. He was dropped from the line-up in October 1983. <mask> said he was "shocked and disappointed" by the decision of Radio 2 controller Bryant Marriott not to renew his contract.Commercial radio
<mask> moved to the commercial radio station Radio Mercury (now Heart FM), for six years, presenting their mid-morning show. Back to the BBC
<mask> rejoined Radio 2 in 1991, first presenting a series of shows and then a regular Saturday afternoon show throughout the summer. In 1992, he once again presented weekday afternoons. This time, the show was broadcast from 3:30pm to 5pm, before moving to 3pm to 5pm in the spring of 1996 and 2pm to 5pm in the spring of 1998. In 1995, <mask> made radio history when he broadcast his Radio 2 show live from the summits of Ben Nevis and Snowdon, in aid of the Cystic Fibrosis Trust. The senior guide on the ascent, Wayne Naylor, said at the time that <mask> had carried his own equipment and was accompanied by his wife. In early July 1999, <mask> was taken off the weekday afternoon slot, and moved to his Sunday evening show from 5pm to 7pm.At the time the official word was that <mask> had decided to go into semi-retirement, however he later revealed in his autobiography that he was taken off from the programme by then controller Jim Moir. He was replaced in the afternoons by Steve Wright, who continues to host the show to this day. During this time, <mask> also became a stand in for Terry Wogan on the Breakfast show until around 2002. His Sunday show was a blend of music and chat, plus listeners' letters and Where Are They Now?, a feature that attempts to re-unite old friends who have lost touch with each other. The show ran until <mask> left Radio 2 in April 2006, not long after his autobiography was published in which he questioned the position of his colleagues Sarah Kennedy and Johnnie Walker on the network. Walker replaced him on Sunday afternoons. <mask> was back for Radio 2's 40th birthday on Sunday 30 September 2007, hosting Junior Choice.The revival was so successful, that <mask> returned to present Junior Choice on Christmas Eve that year, which led to him hosting further editions of Junior Choice on Christmas Day from 2008 to 2015. <mask> also hosted the afternoon show on Radio Bristol for two days in the run up to Christmas 2001, and also appeared on the Ken Bruce show's Pop Master quiz on Radio 2 on 2 October 2007. Anneka Rice replaced <mask> on the Christmas edition of Junior Choice, from 2017 onwards, after a hiatus in 2016 following his death. Other TV and radio work

<mask>, with the London Boy Singers, performed a theme song for the foreign TV series, "Barbapapa" in 1974, and was heard in the English-dubbed version of the series that was produced for BBC Television in January 1975 until its run ended in 1978. In February 2005, <mask> took over the weekday afternoon show on Spectrum FM, an English-speaking radio station that broadcasts to Spain. <mask> was heard on Big L 1395 covering for David Hamilton on 18 December 2006, and also in January 2007. He also covered for Mike Read there in March 2007.He presented special shows on Classic Gold on Christmas Day 2006, New Year's Day 2007 and also May Day Bank Holiday Monday 2007. He did a one-off Sunday morning show (10am2pm) on KCFM in September 2008. He also stood in for Shaun Tilley on his programme "I Haven't Heard It For Ages" (2pm4pm) on Sundays on KCFM 2008/9. From February 2009 to September 2009 <mask> presented on Saturday and Sunday mornings between 9am and noon on Internet radio station Wight FM (this was voicetracked). <mask> also stood in for Shaun Tilley on the networked show The Retro Chart Years for a week in August 2009 and again in 2010. He also appeared on another of Shaun Tilley's shows The Vintage Top 40 Show, which goes out on various BBC local stations on Sundays at 5pm. In July 2014, he took part in a Radio Legends week, presenting a one-off four hour show on BBC Sussex and BBC Surrey.Look-in Magazine
For many years <mask> was the figurehead for children's magazine Look-in, the "Junior TV Times". Starting in 1971 with a feature on a day in his life, he was brought in as a regular with a feature called "'Stewpot's Look-out", which later became "'Stewpot's Newsdesk". They also used his name in other features such as "Stewpot's Starchart". Newsdesk ended in 1980, as did <mask>'s association with the magazine. Cameo
The voice saying "Excuse me, may I have the pleasure of this dance?" on the original 1973 single "Won't Somebody Dance with Me" by Lynsey de Paul was <mask>'s. Personal life

<mask>'s two main interests were playing golf (he often met listeners of his programme who volunteered to caddy for him) and football; he was a supporter of Everton F.C.In 1975 <mask> was inducted into the entertainment fraternity, the Grand Order of Water Rats. While working for Jimmy Henney, <mask> met his future wife Chiara, Henney's daughter, who was then aged 13. The couple married four years later, in London, on 2 July 1974, but split up in November 2003 and divorced in 2005. The couple had a daughter and a son. From 2004 until his death, <mask>'s girlfriend was Elly. She accompanied him on many of his appearances and was with him in the studio for his last edition of his children's show Junior Choice on BBC Radio 2 on Christmas Day 2015. He was a close friend of Max Bygraves.On Bygraves's death in 2012 he recalled him as a "unique talent" whose skills as a comedian, actor and singer "brought a lot of pleasure to a lot of people". <mask> was also an advocate and supporter of Phab Ltd, a charity operating in England and Wales which promotes inclusion for children and adults with disabilities. <mask> attended annual events held to raise awareness of Phab's work. From September 2008 <mask> was the presenter of Mantovani concerts, featuring the Magic of Mantovani Orchestra, which took place at the Lighthouse in Poole, and at the Pavilion Theatre in Bournemouth. On the first two of these, he was joined by co-presenter, Alexandra Bastedo. Also connected with those concerts are his contributions to the filmed documentary Mantovani, King of Strings (Odeon Entertainment) IMDb and on the Radio 2 programme Mantovani by Michael Freedland, broadcast three days before his death on 6 January 2016. At the time of his death, <mask> was planning to do a Stewpot Music Quiz tour of the UK with UK quiz promoters Quiz Britain, with his last charity quiz appearance at Walhampton Arms on 6 November 2015 for a local Hampshire hospice.Death
Just 2 weeks after hosting the 2015 Christmas Day edition of Junior Choice on BBC Radio 2, <mask> died suddenly, aged 74, on 9 January 2016 in hospital in Bournemouth after suffering a major stroke a few days earlier. On 10 February 2016 BBC Radio 2 broadcast an hour-long tribute to <mask> introduced by Anneka Rice, who went on to take over the Christmas Day edition of Junior Choice, starting the following year. Autobiography
<mask>, <mask> (2005), <mask>: Out Of The Stewpot: My Autobiography, John Blake Publishing,

References

External links

 Archive <mask> images, bio and audio from Radio Rewind website

1941 births
2016 deaths
English radio DJs
People educated at St Edward's School, Oxford
Offshore radio broadcasters
People from Exmouth
Pirate radio personalities
BBC Radio 1 presenters
BBC Radio 2 presenters
Top of the Pops presenters

masks:
Edward Stewart Mainwaring
Ed
Stewart
Stewart
Edward Stewart Mainwaring
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Ed Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Ed
Ed Stewart
Ed Stewart


text_chunks:
<mask> (born March 19, 1954) is a Jewish symphonic and operatic conductor and music director based in York, Pennsylvania, United States. He has toured extensively in the U.S., Canada, and abroad. Among the many concerts he has led have been the full works of the Beethoven, Brahms, Rachmaninoff and Tchaikovsky symphonies and the Strauss tone poems, in addition to most of the orchestral works of Mahler, Dvorak, Schubert, Debussy, Ravel, Poulenc,Ernest Bloch, and Bon Que Que. Artists with whom he has performed include pianists Joaquín Achúcarro, Alexander Peskanov, Valentina Igoshina and Christopher O'Riley; violinists Joshua Bell, Sarah Chang, Pamela Frank, Eugene Drucker, Ilya Kaler and Xiang Gao; violist Paul Neubauer; cellists Carter Brey, Yo-Yo Ma, David Finckel, Zuill Bailey and Paul Tobias; flutist James Galway; French hornist Richard Todd, trumpeter David Hickman, baritone Sherrill Milnes; soprano Angela Brown; bass-baritone Justino Diaz and many other acclaimed artists. He has guest conducted at Radio City Music Hall and for the Spoleto U.S.A. and appeared at Carnegie Hall. <mask> won a 1977 Composition Award from the National Federation of Music Clubs, and ASCAP contemporary music programming awards with New York Youth Symphony in 1977 and the York (PA) Symphony Orchestra in 1986. The St. Louis Philharmonic under <mask>'s direction won a 2004 Telly Award for best classical local cable TV production.<mask> has also performed as an oboist. He has been involved in several community outreach programs usually sponsored by his various orchestras. He has served as visiting professor at the University of North Carolina-Asheville, Mars Hill College, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, and the State University of New York. He has also been involved in outreach programs through the North Carolina School of the Arts, Penn State York, and the Logos Academy. Education
<mask> holds diplomas and degrees from the following institutions: Manhattan School of Music (preparatory division - NYC) ('69-'71), Academie Internationale d'ete (Nice, France) 1970, Mozarteum Conservatory (Salzburg, Austria) 1971, Horace Mann School (Riverdale, NY) 1971, Harvard University (A.B. cum laude - 1974), Yale University (M.Mus. '76, M.M.A '78, D.M.A '87), York College of Pennsylvania (Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, 1999).He has studied conducting privately with Herbert von Karajan, Leonard Bernstein, Aaron Copland, James Yannatos, Arthur Weisberg, Henry Bloch, Johannes Somary, and Otto-Werner Mueller. He has also studied in master classes given by Lorin Maazel, Harold Farberman, Morton Gould, Maurice Abravanel, Jorge Mester, Sorghum Commissiona, and William Steinberg. Orchestras
<mask> is employed by a number of orchestras, but his primary work lies with the following:

 The Saint Louis Philharmonic (St. Louis, Missouri) as Conductor and Music Director. He has been with the Orchestra since 1982. The Asheville Lyric Opera (Asheville, North Carolina) as Principal Guest Conductor
 The Asheville Symphony Orchestra (Asheville, North Carolina) as Conductor Emeritus

He has previously held positions with:
 The Harrisburg Choral Society (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)as Director. The Asheville Symphony Orchestra as Conductor and Music Director (Asheville, NC: 1981-2004)
 The York Symphony Orchestra (York, Pennsylvania) as Conductor and Music Director. The York Symphony Chorus and Chamber Society (York, Pennsylvania) as Director.The York Youth Symphony as Music Director and Conductor Laureate (York, Pennsylvania: 1987 -1999)
 The New York Youth Symphony at Carnegie Hall (New York, New York: 1977-1981)
 The Putnam (NY) Symphony Orchestra (1979–1981) as Conductor and Music Director
 The Danbury (CT) Little Symphony (1978–1981)
 The Connecticut Philharmonic Orchestra (1974–2001) as Founding Director and Conductor
 Bach Society Orchestra of Harvard University (1972–1974) as Conductor and Music Director
 The Bicentennial Festival Orchestra (1976) as conductor at Boston Symphony Hall
 The Harvard-Radcliffe Orchestra as principal oboe. Guest conducting
In the United States
<mask> has been a guest conductor for the Rhode Island Philharmonic Orchestra, Pennsylvania Centre Orchestra (State College, Pennsylvania), Roanoke Symphony Orchestra, and the South Carolina Philharmonic. He has also conducted at New York City's Radio City Music Hall and for orchestras in Montana, Arizona, Tennessee, Michigan, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. Internationally
<mask> has been guest conductor for the Busan Symphony Orchestra (Busan, South Korea), Orquestra do Norte (Porto, Portugal), Zurich Symphony Orchestra (Switzerland), Virtuoso Strings of Messina (Messina, Italy), Szeged Philharmonic Orchestra (Szeged, Hungary), Vratsa State Philharmonic Orchestra (Vratsa, Bulgaria), Orquesta Sinfónica del Estado de México (Mexico), and the Regina Symphony Orchestra (Canada). He has also conducted in Sabadell (Spain). Opera and ballet
Asheville Lyric Opera - Carmen, La bohème, The Pirates of Penzance, La traviata, Madama Butterfly
Brevard Music Center (Brevard, North Carolina) - Carmen
Connecticut Opera - Madame Butterfly
Cullowhee Music Festival (Cullowhee, North Carolina) as Music Director and Conductor (1987–1989) - La traviata, Rigoletto, The Marriage of Figaro
Festival dei Due Mondi (Spoleto, Italy)  and Spoleto Festival USA as Assistant Conductor - worked on productions with Gian Carlo Menotti, Christian Badea, and Joseph Flufferfelt

Other projects

He has worked with composers Aaron Copland, Samuel Barber, Suzanne Bloch. He has given score readings and analysis.He worked with Richard Schulman of Asheville on Schulman's Camelot, and he is an acknowledged expert on the orchestral works of Horatio Parker (better known as teacher to Charles Ives) and on the music of Caryl Florio (aka William Robjohn), the English organist who became the in house composer at the famous Biltmore Estate. He also served as musical consultant to D. Elaine Calderin for two short stories from her book, Who Better to Play the Devil?. Publications and recordings

 St. Louis Holiday Spectacular DVD (won national Telly award in 2004 for best classical local cable production)
 Kirkwood Children's Choral Holiday Video (finals of NBC's Clash of Choirs) and 2010 Holiday Pops Concert
 Stories of the Land - Along dutch Country Roads (Collaboration with colleague Stephen Gunzenhauser for the Lancaster-York Heritage Region DVD series - <mask> conducted the film score itself. Arranged Nocturne for String Orchestra" Composed by Borodin. LP and CD. Vanguard Records
 Conductor Piano Concertos Composed by Liszt. Szeged Philharmonic, Hungary.CD. Aurefon Records. Conductor Brahms- Symphonies No.s 1 & 3, Mahler- Symphony No. 4, Dvorak- Symphony No.8, Strauss- Till Eulenspiegel, the works of Carl Florio, all with Asheville Symphony Orchestra. CD. Sonari Records
 Conductor Holst-The Planets, Wagner - Rienzi Overture, Ravel - Daphnis and Chloe Suite No. 2, all with the St. Louis Philharmonic.CD. Sonari Records
 Conductor Mendelssohn - Violin Concerto with David Perry and the Cullowhee Music Festival Orchestra. CD. Sonari Records. Conductor Lizst - Malediction, Strauss - Don Juan" all with Cullowhee Music Festival Orchestra. CD. CMF Label.Conductor Symphony in C-sharp minor St. Louis Philharmonic. LP only. Ernest Bloch Society records. References

Further sources
 <mask> <mask>'s professional resume on Price Rubin Artists Management. Retrieved 22 December 2011. <mask>'s official biography on CHL Artists Management. Retrieved 22 December 2011.21st-century conductors (music)
Living people
1954 births
Harvard University alumni
Musicians from York, Pennsylvania
Yale School of Music alumni
Pupils of Leonard Bernstein
Pupils of Aaron Copland
21st-century American musicians

masks:
Robert Hart Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Robert Hart
Baker
Baker


text_chunks:
<mask> (30 May 1935 – 10 December 2017) was an outback artist and opal miner in Australia of Hungarian descent, also known by his birth name <mask> (variant of the name <mask> in Hungary). At the interview "His Colorful Life", he professed to Kristina Meredith of Country Press South Australia that he was a born rebel and an adventurer at heart. <mask> migrated from war-worn Hungary in the early 1950s to mine for opal in the stark opal town of Andamooka where the famous Andamooka Opal or Queen's Opal was discovered in the 1950s and presented to Queen Elizabeth II. For <mask>, the isolated outback community built upon red earth, nicknamed 'Mars on Earth' presented the freedom he craved, far away from the shackles of politics, war, and bureaucracy of his early years. In a radio interview 6.30 with George Negus (28 June 2004) <mask> expressed the reason he called Andamooka his home: "You're not controlled by councils and regulations and laws and rules. You do whatever you bloody like." Style and Temperament

What characterises an <mask> art piece is the opalescent luster and an other-worldly sensuous quality that creates a sparkly zestful presence.In a video interview by Jase Munn Melbourne (April 2013), Mendelssohn revealed that he studied how light fell on paintings during various times and bathed them in colours to suit changing light. His creative ardour is reflected in his great body of work and beloved themes of the eastern exotic, feminine form, clowns and musical instruments, spirit worlds, outer space, landscape, cityscape, and vibrant textural paintings of semi-abstract flowers in unbridled abandon. Journalist <mask> (2008) described <mask>'s art as spontaneous and wildly wonderful. <mask> began seriously painting in 1973 when he was 38 years old. He sold his first painting for five dollars and never ceased to paint till his death at the age of 82. Painting consistently for 44 years, <mask>’s prolific portfolio of artworks exceeded 3000 pieces of oil paintings, some of which he donated towards charitable causes, and many are in private collections around the world in the United States, Germany, Australia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Japan. In an interview with Roxby Downs South Australia community newspaper The Monitor (15 August 2012), <mask>hn encouraged experimentation in painting methodology: "I always tell my classes, you can use anything but the kitchen sink - I don't care what you use as long as you get results with it."A self-taught artist who liked sharing his oil painting techniques, Mendelssohn believed that all human beings are born with a talent for something. "Some people go through their entire lives never realising the talent they had - but I try to give them a bit of encouragement which is very important." He believed that practice makes a master, and there isn't such a thing as an absolutely perfect finished piece of art. "I don't care if it's a Michelangelo or Leonardo da Vinci. You can pick faults in every piece of art that has ever been created." What was important to <mask>hn is the artist's self-satisfaction: the enjoyment when one finishes what one thinks is a good piece of art. "It's a magnificent feeling.You can't describe it. Money cannot buy that." <mask> was a regular guest on AZ TV 7, Phoenix Arizona from 2001 to 2009. His outspokenness against art critics who don’t paint, and anti-art, made him a controversial abrasive figure in the art salon circles. In his forthright fashion, during an interview that celebrated his 77th birthday in 2012, <mask> said "Art critics often enquired whether I am still alive, as I think the value of my life’s work would be worth more when I am dead." He was fond of making caustic comments that drew reference to age, mortality, and posthumous value of artists. He was repulsed yet intrigued by the exorbitant art auction prices of dead artists, and was especially annoyed when Picasso'''s cubist painting of La Lecture, that featured Picasso's mistress asleep in an armchair, sold for $40.7 million at a London auction house.Quoting verbatim in typical <mask>hn frankness "It's just torn apart bits of a woman." Activities

In the year 2000, under the auspices of gallery director Nicole Allen, <mask> exhibited with the Manyung Gallery in Melbourne Australia, one of Victoria's oldest (Est. 1968) and largest contemporary art spaces, showcasing Australian paintings and sculpture. In 2008, <mask> was one of 1,500 international artists chosen to exhibit his work at the New York International Artexpo, world’s largest fine art trade show that has hosted many of the world’s most renowned artists, including Andy Warhol, Peter Max, Robert Rauschenberg, Robert Indiana, Keith Haring and LeRoy Neiman. That year, the event held annually at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, New York, was graced by Nelson Mendela as well British actress Jane Seymour. On 14 October 2010, the Roxby Downs Art and Cultural Forum teamed up with <mask> to host public oil painting workshops. Other earlier workshops, among his many, was one on 17 May 2006 in support of "The Outback Fringe Festival".In April 2005, supported by the initiatives of Austrade and the Australian Consulate-General in Vietnam, <mask> was the sole artist to represent Australia in a three-day art exhibition at the Legion hotel Ho Chi Minh City. In September 2007, <mask> donated three of his paintings to raise funds for the Alzheimer's Association - Desert Southwest Chapter, Arizona USA. In April 2008, <mask> donated his painting entitled Venice to the 14th Annual Celebrity Fight Night in Scottsdale, Arizona, in honour of Muhammad Ali, featuring Live Auction items and star-studded live musical performances that raised funds for the Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center at Barrow Neurological Institute as the primary beneficiary. <mask> has also painted for the celebrated virtuoso violinist Elizabeth Pitcairn who owns the legendary 1720 Red Mendelssohn Stradivarius violin. Themes

Opalescent colours

Opalescent colours and bold tactual strokes are strong signatures in <mask>hn cyan, alizarin, ochre, and lime. Clowns and Musicians
As a child, <mask> was enchanted by his uncle Arnold Mendelssohn who was a musical virtuoso proficient with seven musical instruments and often performed as a circus musical clown. <mask> recounted Sunday picnics at the park in Budapest before World War II where his Uncle Arnold would attract large crowds by playing his music and clowning around.His family was largely artistic and musical and his aunt <mask> was a music director at the Royal National Hungarian Academy of Music, Budapest in the 1930s. Spirit world
Quote from <mask> in Big Planet: "Most of my work is spiritual. The spirits are definitely around us. And that drives us into a direction. When I am working on a spiritual painting, the spirit does the work. It is like someone having a vision that no one else can see. I can even talk to people while I am painting, but it is not me that is painting, I am only holding the brush.This does not happen every day. When it happens, the spirits and art become one." His painting Journey Into The Cosmos'' illustrated soul ascension and spiritual deliverance from coarse earth to an enlightened more rewarding existence. Eternal female
According to <mask>, God was at the epitome of creativity with the creation of Woman. Married three times, <mask> exalts in the feminine figure that features in a large extent of his artwork. References

External links
<mask>hn
Thomas K McAuliffe on <mask>

1935 births
Australian people of German-Jewish descent
Australian people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Australian painters
Hungarian artists
Impressionist artists
2017 deaths

masks:
Alex Mendelssohn
Sándor Mendelssohn
Alexander
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alexandra Nowak
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelsso
Alex Mendelsso
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelsso
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohnsso
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex
Edith Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelssohn
Alex Mendelsso
Alex Mendelssohn


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1 March 1981) is an Australian champion motorsports driver who currently competes in the IndyCar Series, driving for Team Penske. He was the 2014 IndyCar Series champion, and as of 2015 the most successful road and street course race winner in the series' history with 19 wins tied with Scott Dixon. <mask> won the 2018 Indianapolis 500. Australian racing
<mask> was born in Toowoomba, Queensland. The son of open-wheel racer <mask>, <mask> started his career in Queensland driving a Datsun 1200 at Morgan Park Raceway, Warwick as well as at Carnel Raceway, Stanthorpe. In 1999 <mask> began driving an aging family-owned Swift SC92F in the Queensland Formula Ford Championship, winning races in a sporadic campaign. In 2000 <mask> ran a full campaign leading to his first title in the Swift while simultaneously racing a late-model Spectrum 07 on the Australian Formula Ford Championship, finishing a promising seventh.Still running a small family-oriented team in 2001, <mask> upgraded to a Stealth RF95, a Western Australian modification of a 1995 Van Diemen. <mask> finished second in the series behind the factory-supported Van Diemen driver, <mask>. After three years of Formula Ford racing, <mask> moved into Formula Holden, racing for the Graham Watson-owned Ralt Australia team driving a Reynard 94D. <mask> swept all before him in Formula Holden, winning the title by over 50 points from Stewart McColl, claiming the 2002 Australian Drivers' Championship by winning 7 times and achieving 3 pole positions. Midway through the 2002 season, <mask> was allowed to drive for the Bevan Carrick-owned Cooltemp Racing Formula 3 team, driving a Dallara-Toyota as well in the Australian Formula 3 Championship. Despite missing the opening races, <mask> missed out on winning the Formula 3 championship by only a handful of points to James Manderson. Racing in Europe
Europe beckoned and in 2003 <mask> joined the British Formula 3 Championship racing initially for Diamond Racing, then later for Fortec Motorsport as tight funding prevented a full campaign.A second place at Thruxton demonstrated his ability and <mask> mounted a full campaign in 2004 with Alan Docking Racing but finished the season in the ninth position with five podium finishes. He tested a Minardi Formula One car in 2004 with his Australian Formula Ford and British Formula 3 rival <mask> in Italy. During 2005 he competed in the World Series by Renault for the Carlin Motorsport team, where he proved very competitive. During the WSR championship, he scored two race victories, with 4 trips to the podium in total, and qualified his car on the front row five times. In addition to driving in the WSR, <mask> was also one of the featured drivers for the Australian team in the 2005–06 A1 Grand Prix season. <mask> raced in the series opener at Brands Hatch and piloted Australia to a second-place finish behind Team Brazil. Champ Car
In late 2005 <mask> joined Champ Car Team Australia at the Lexmark Indy 300 event at Surfers Paradise in Australia, which also resulted in his departure from the World Series by Renault championship even though that season was still in progress and <mask> ultimately ended seventh in the championship.In the Indy 300 <mask> ran strongly until being knocked off the track by teammate Alex Tagliani. After the Surfers Paradise event, he signed a multi-year contract to race for the team, which began immediately at the next Champ Car round in Mexico City after Tagliani's teammate Marcus Marshall was released for what was described as a "serious breach of contract". <mask> drove full-time for Team Australia in 2006. He performed well throughout the season with nine top-ten finishes and strong qualifying results. In Mexico at the final round of the season, <mask> took his first podium finish in Champ Car. He won the "rookie of the year" award and finished in 6th place in the championship standings. In his home race in 2006, at Surfers Paradise in Australia, he scored the first pole position of his career in Champ Cars, in front of his home crowd.However, contact from Paul Tracy in the pit lane and then an ambitious overtaking move by Sébastien Bourdais resulted in a bent left steering arm, and he fell to the back, one lap down by the time the car was repaired, eventually finishing 12th. On 8 April 2007, <mask> won his first Champ Car race at the inaugural Vegas Grand Prix, held on the streets of Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. He qualified on the pole position and led most laps, becoming the first Australian driver to win in the series. On 8 July, at the Steelback Grand Prix of Toronto, with rain pouring down and visibility near zero when he got behind other cars, <mask> decided it was time to get aggressive. <mask> drove from fourth to first in 14 laps, finally splashing past rookie Ryan Dalziel to take the lead with 23 minutes to go, and went on to an easy victory. To get to the lead, <mask> also had to pass three-time Champ Car World Series champion Sébastien Bourdais and rookie Neel Jani. Thanks to a series of late caution flags, he was able to go after each of them in turn."I was close behind Sebastien and I knew he was quite tentative in the wet and I attacked him," <mask> said. "I got him on a restart. Then the next restart, I got Neel and the next restart, I got Dalziel. It's just about being aggressive at the right time and not hitting anyone". "I just drove so hard here because we've just had so much bad luck in the last few races," said <mask>, whose first Champ Car victory came in the 2007 opener in Las Vegas. "I didn't care; I just went hard. The car was good in the wet.It was good in the dry, and we stuck it to them." <mask> had podium finishes at Long Beach, Mont-Tremblant, and Mexico City and pole positions at Houston, Edmonton, Surfers Paradise, and Mexico City to place fourth in the final point standings in 2007. IndyCar

2008 season
The merger of Champ Car and the IRL left his future uncertain. <mask>'s Walker Racing team announced they would not be making the switch from Champ Car to IRL due to a lack of sponsorship. However, <mask> later signed with KV Racing Technology, to drive the No. 8 Aussie Vineyards—Team Australia car in 2008, continuing to work with Team Australia boss Craig Gore. <mask> won the final Champ Car race at Long Beach in 2008, also giving <mask> his first IndyCar Series win.He scored two top-five finishes in IndyCar Series races, enough for 12th overall, outpointed by teammate Oriol Servià. In the non-points event in Surfers' Paradise, Australia, <mask> won the pole position but crashed out while leading the race. 2009 season
Team Penske announced on 13 January 2009 that for the 2009 IndyCar Series season, <mask> would replace Hélio Castroneves at the helm of the No. 3 Team Penske Honda-Dallara while Castroneves attended to his federal tax evasion charges. <mask> drove the No. 3 Team Penske Honda-Dallara to a sixth-place finish in the Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, the first race of the year. Following St. Petersburg, Castroneves was acquitted of all tax evasion charges and returned to the team for the following race at the Grand Prix of Long Beach.Roger Penske came prepared for this scenario, however, and had spare cars on hand for both St. Petersburg and Long Beach, employing the option beginning at Long Beach and continuing through five more races that season. <mask>'s new car, the No. 12 Penske Racing Verizon Wireless Honda/Dallara was officially entered for the Long Beach Grand Prix late on Friday evening and all the setup data garnered from his two sessions in the No. 3 Dallara was successfully transferred over. <mask> stormed to a dominant pole position with the last-minute effort and ultimately finished 2nd to Dario Franchitti after leading 16 laps. <mask> was also entered in the same third car for the Indianapolis 500, in which he finished in fifth place after a pit crew gaffe on the final stop – while <mask> was running 2nd – cost him a shot at Castroneves for the victory. To reward <mask> for his efforts, he was retained by the team to drive in five more races in Toronto, Edmonton, Kentucky, Sonoma, and Homestead.His team was crewed by Penske's Rolex Sports Car Series team, as <mask>'s races were specifically scheduled on their RSCS off-weekends. <mask>'s dreams and efforts came to fruition when he captured his first IndyCar race win, driving the No. 12, in dominant fashion at the Rexall Edmonton Indy. <mask>'s season was brought to an abrupt close during practice for the 2009 Motorola Indy 300 in Sonoma however, as Nelson Philippe spun exiting Turn 3 and stalled in the middle of the racing groove. As turn 3 is a completely blind corner, taken at high speed while cresting a hill, oncoming drivers had no indication there was anything over the hill and no time to react once they got there. E. J. Viso could barely avoid him, making light contact, but <mask>, following just behind Viso, had nowhere to go and crashed heavily into Philippe. Both drivers were airlifted from the racetrack in short order.<mask> had two fractured vertebrae while Philippe suffered a fractured ankle. Both drivers were concussed in the incident and were hospitalised. Both drivers' injuries would cause them to miss the rest of 2009 season. 2010 season

On 19 November 2009, Team Penske announced that <mask> would join the team full-time for the 2010 season with sponsorship from Verizon Wireless. <mask> dominantly opened the season, winning the first two races of the 2010 season at Brazil and St. Petersburg, making him the first IndyCar driver since Sam Hornish Jr. in 2001 to win the first two events of the year. He went on to win from the pole at Watkins Glen International, giving Roger Penske his first IndyCar Series win at the historic track. Over the course of the season, <mask> scored five wins (all on road courses) and a record eight pole positions.<mask>'s efforts were rewarded with triumph in the Mario Andretti Road Course Championship, winning the inaugural Mario Andretti Trophy as the road course champion for the 2010 IndyCar Series season. 2011 season
During the 2011 IndyCar Series season he won 6 races; Barber Motorsports Park, São Paulo, the second doubleheader event at Texas Motor Speedway, Edmonton City Center Airport, Infineon Raceway, and the inaugural Baltimore Grand Prix. However, his season was far from easy. At Toronto he and championship leader Dario Franchitti touched in Turn 3 while battling for 5th, resulting in a spin for <mask>, which put him midpack where he was hit by former teammate Alex Tagliani. <mask> was irate with both drivers, particularly Franchitti, who with some level of controversy was not penalised for the contact and won the race. With a few laps to go during the IndyCar Series' 225-mile return to New Hampshire Motor Speedway, amid protests from drivers and teams to not restart because of wet track conditions, the race was restarted and <mask> caught in the ensuing melee started by a spinning Danica Patrick. An irate <mask> exited his vehicle and spoke with several officials, even consulting with his race strategist Tim Cindric before displaying the finger to IndyCar director of competition Brian Barnhart.<mask>'s immortal obscene gesture was captured on live television and met with immense support from IndyCar Series fans as well as support from members of several other team organisations in the paddock. <mask>'s "Double Angry Birds" gesture, however, ended up landing him with a $30,000 fine, payable through public services to the league, although team owner Roger Penske said he would gladly pay the fine off. <mask> won the pole at the Kentucky Speedway and led the first 48 laps until he had contact with rookie Ana Beatriz as he exited his pit box. The resulting damage relegated him to 19th place, while title rival Franchitti led the most laps, finished 2nd, and took an 18-point advantage. <mask>'s season ended in a violent, high-speed 15-car

masks:
William Steven Power
Power
Power
Bob Power
Will Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Will Davison
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Will Davison
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power


text_chunks:
 crash at the final race of the season in Las Vegas that claimed the life of British driver Dan Wheldon. Wheldon, <mask>, and 3 other drivers were taken to the hospital. He lost any chance of having the points championship after the wreck, due in part to his role in the accident (his car was damaged beyond repair) and also to the fact that the race was abandoned following the wreck.<mask> was later diagnosed with a vertebral compression fracture in his thoracic vertebrae and had surgery to correct the problem. 2012 season
For the 2012 IndyCar Series season, <mask> returned to Team Penske to once again pilot the No. 12 car with teammates Castroneves and Briscoe. The road and street course heavy 2012 schedule played into <mask>'s strength, making him one of the pre-season favorites to win the championship. After opening the season with a seventh-place finish at St. Petersburg, <mask> scored three consecutive victories at Barber Motorsports Park, the streets of Long Beach, and the streets of São Paulo to vault into the championship lead. <mask> held onto the points lead until the tenth of fifteen races when rival driver Ryan Hunter-Reay scored his third of three consecutive wins to take over the lead. <mask> regained the lead and built a 36-point advantage with two races remaining after strong second-place finishes at Mid-Ohio and Sonoma, coupled with two misfortunate finishes by Hunter-Reay.The season's penultimate race on the streets of Baltimore saw <mask> and Hunter-Reay choosing different strategies when the rain began falling. Electing to remain on slick tires despite the wet conditions, Hunter-Reay gained the track position necessary to earn a much-needed win, while <mask> finished sixth. With the lead cut to 17 points entering the MAVTV 500 season finale on the 2-mile Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, California, <mask> was well-positioned to earn his first championship. Those hopes took a huge hit when <mask>'s car spun and hit the wall on lap 55 of the 250-lap race. Despite heavy damage, Team Penske got <mask>'s car back on track long enough to gain an additional position, forcing Hunter-Reay to finish fifth or better to win the championship. Hunter-Reay ran outside of championship position for most of the race but finally moved into the top five with 21 laps remaining, eventually finishing fourth. Hunter-Reay's championship resulted in <mask> finishing second in the standings for the third consecutive season.Despite losing the overall championship, <mask> won for the third time the Mario Andretti Trophy as the 2012 road course champion. 2013 season
The 2013 season began very slowly for <mask>. In St. Petersburg, during a caution period, his car was run over by J. R. Hildebrand's, resulting in damage to both cars; <mask> was relegated to a 16th-place finish. In Barber, he finished 5th. In São Paulo, a blown engine and fire on the front stretch forced him to end his day early. He was competitive in Indianapolis, but he was not a factor in the race. He was involved in a crash in Detroit that took out several other cars, yet he remained in the top ten in points.Things started to pick up after Mid-Ohio. In Sonoma, after Scott Dixon collided with one of his crew members, Dixon was forced to make a drive-through penalty, handing the lead of the race to <mask>. He led the next 12 laps en route to his first win of 2013. He again collided with Scott Dixon in Baltimore that ended up having the bad end for Dixon. In Houston on Saturday, <mask> and Scott Dixon battled all day until lap 64, when a slow pit stop cost him the win. Scott Dixon ended up winning that day. <mask>'s teammate, Helio Castroneves, had troubles throughout the day.On Sunday, <mask> avenged Dixon, as he dominated the race and won over Dixon. However, the win was overshadowed by Dixon's teammate, Dario Franchitti, crashing on the final lap. <mask> won the season finale in Fontana to end 2013 on a hot streak, winning 3 out of the last 5 races. He finished 4th in points for the season. 2014 season
<mask> won the 2014 season-opener in St. Petersburg after passing pole-sitter Takuma Sato (2017 Indianapolis 500 winner) on lap 31. However, controversy arose during the race when, with 28 laps remaining, <mask> seemed to slow down, bunching the field and causing Jack Hawksworth to crash into Marco Andretti. In Long Beach, after some controversy between him and Simon Pagenaud, he finished 2nd behind Mike Conway.At Barber, mistakes cost him a shot at victory lane. In the GP of Indianapolis, a pit road penalty cost him a win. In the Indianapolis 500, he was merely a factor in the race. In the first of 2 races at Detroit, <mask> battled hard with Graham Rahal in the closing laps but came home with the victory for hometown Roger Penske, his team owner. The second day, his teammate won. At Texas, again a pit road penalty cost him yet another trophy, but he rallied back to finish 2nd in a dramatic finish. In the final race at Fontana, <mask> drove on to finish in ninth and won his first IndyCar championship, 62 points ahead of Hélio Castroneves in the standings.<mask> broke down in tears as he stood on the championship podium. 2015 season

<mask> had a difficult 2015 IndyCar Series season but somehow managed to finish third in the championship despite several incidents, including being taken out completely without fault on consecutive ovals. Showing flashes of speed he for example took pole for the season double points finale at Sonoma. He broke a record and clocked 1:16.2597, at an average speed of . As it was, a win would have taken him ahead of eventual champion Scott Dixon, but would not have been enough to put him ahead of teammate. The duo of <mask> and Juan Pablo Montoya. collided during the race, ending <mask>'s championship chances.The vast majority of <mask>'s success in IndyCar has been on the road and street courses, where he has often shown great speed during qualifying and races. Although he won the second leg at Texas Motor Speedway, the general inability to squeeze out ovals wins hampered <mask> in his first three title runs. In 2014 he won at the miler in Milwaukee and finished second at Texas, helping him to seal his first title. At the end of 2015 <mask> had won three oval races, one each on long, intermediate, and short ovals, with the 19 road course wins being spread out over ten wins on street courses and nine on runoff road courses, with two of those being at the hybrid airport track in Edmonton. Being more seasoned on ovals <mask> came close to winning the 2015 Indianapolis 500 on his eighth attempt only just losing out to teammate Juan Pablo Montoya. 2016 season
<mask> missed the season-opening race at St. Petersburg due to the medical team believing that he had a concussion stemming from an accident that he had in one of the practices leading up to the race; it turned out that he did not have a concussion (it could have been an ear or sinus infection that was causing the concussion-like symptoms). Despite this setback, <mask> would go on to finish second in the points behind his teammate Simon Pagenaud and won 4 of the 16 races that year: the second race at Detroit (Belle Isle), Road America, Toronto, and Pocono.2017 season
<mask>'s 2017 season was not as good as his 2016 season, despite not missing any races. He only finished 5th in the points and claimed three victories: Indianapolis Grand Prix, Texas, and Pocono. However, <mask> did claim more pole positions in 2017 – five – compared with the one he received in 2016. 2018 season

Despite a slow start to the season, including DNFs at Phoenix and Birmingham, <mask> won the 2018 IndyCar Grand Prix, scoring Team Penske's 200th win in the Series. <mask> won the 102nd running of the Indianapolis 500 on May 27, 2018. 2019 season
<mask> again started the season slowly but by the end of the season found his form and continued his winning ways, winning at Pocono Raceway and at the Grand Prix of Portland, increasing his streak of winning at least one race per season in IndyCar to ten seasons. 2020 season
<mask> again returned to Team Penske in the pandemic shortened 2020 season.Despite again starting the season slowly he found his rhythm late in the season and clinched his first victory at the Honda Indy 200 at Mid-Ohio and a second at the Harvest Grand Prix, increasing his streak of winning at least one race per season in Indycar to eleven seasons. He finished the season by getting pole position in St. Petersburg but ultimately retired during the race. 2021 season
With the departure of Helio Castroneves to Meyer Shank Racing <mask> became the longest-tenured member of Penske's IndyCar stable. 2021 would be one of the toughest years of <mask>'s career and one of the toughest for Team Penske since they returned to IndyCar. Although <mask> scored his best opening result to the season since 2015 and was signed to a new multi-year contract with Penske that will keep him with the team through the 2023 season he struggled frequently after committing himself to a more aggressive driving style and a shake-up of crew chiefs in the Penske IndyCar paddock. <mask> was nearly bumped from the 105th Indianapolis 500 before managing to survive and qualify 32nd on the grid, his lowest start to date in the race and the lowest of all the Penske drivers in 2021. <mask> further incurred controversy during the first race in Detroit, when he led most of the race after a red flag caused by Felix Rosenqvist only to finish twentieth with five laps to go when his car's ECU overheated and prevented a restart during another red flag incident caused by Romain Grosjean, after which he blamed IndyCar for costing him the win.In Nashville <mask> was involved in several wheel to wheel contact incidents with teammates Simon Pagenaud and Scott McLaughlin, one of which caused a red flag. <mask> won his first race of 2021 at the second round on the IMS Road Course, snapping a career-long 400-day winless streak and giving Roger Penske his first win at the speedway since he purchased the facility. <mask> got his first pole of the season at Gateway to bring him within four of Mario Andretti's all-time IndyCar pole position record. He ultimately finished ninth in the championship, his first season in the IndyCar Series where he finished outside the top ten. Personal life
<mask>'s brother, <mask>, is a stand-up comedian. He plays the drums in his spare time, often playing the drums at charity events organized by IndyCar. <mask> married Liz Cannon in 2010.The two met during <mask>'s CART days when Liz joined Walker Racing as a receptionist and eventually worked in PR for the team. Their son, Beau, was born in December 2016. In popular culture
In 2013, <mask> supplied the voice for the Australian anchor in the animated feature film Turbo. Motorsports career results

Overall stats

Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

American open-wheel racing results
(key)

Champ Car

IndyCar Series

* Season still in progress. 1 The Las Vegas Indy 300 was abandoned after Dan Wheldon died from injuries sustained in a 15-car crash on lap 11. Indianapolis 500

Complete V8 Supercar results

† Not Eligible for points

Complete Bathurst 1000 results

References

External links

 IndyCar Driver Page

1981 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Toowoomba
Racing drivers from Queensland
A1 Team Australia drivers
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Australian Formula 3 Championship drivers
British Formula Three Championship drivers
Champ Car drivers
Formula Ford drivers
Formula Holden drivers
World Series Formula V8 3.5 drivers
Australian IndyCar Series drivers
Indianapolis 500 drivers
Indianapolis 500 winners
IndyCar Series champions
IndyCar Series drivers
Supercars Championship drivers
Team Penske
Fortec Motorsport drivers
Alan Docking Racing drivers
Carlin racing drivers
Walker Racing drivers
KV Racing Technology drivers
Team Penske

masks:
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Will Power
Will Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Power
Will
Damien Power
Will
Power
Power


text_chunks:
<mask> (19098 September 1962), also known as <mask> ("<mask>" was his clan name), was a South African musician, singer and composer best known as the composer of the song "Mbube", which later became the popular music success "The Lion Sleeps Tonight", and gave its name to the Mbube style of isicathamiya a cappella later popularized by Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Early years
<mask> was born near Pomeroy, on the labor reserve Msinga, Umzinyathi District Municipality in Ladysmith in Natal, where he was familiar with the traditions of amahubo and izingoma zomshado (wedding songs) music. He attended the Gordon Memorial mission school, where he learned about Western musical culture, hymns, and participated in choir contests. In 1931, <mask>, like many other young African men at that time, left his homestead to find menial work in Johannesburg, by then a sprawling gold-mining town with a great demand for cheap labour. He worked in the Mayi Mayi Furniture Shop on Small Street and sang in a choir known as the Evening Birds, managed by his uncles, <mask> and Amon Madondo, and which disbanded in 1933. <mask> found employment at Johannesburg's Carlton Hotel and started a new group that retained the Evening Birds name. The members of the group were <mask> (soprano), Gilbert Madondo (alto), Boy Sibiya (tenor), with Gideon Mkhize, Samuel Mlangeni, and Owen Sikhakhane as basses.They were all <mask>'s friends from Pomeroy. The group evolved from performances at weddings to choir competitions. <mask>'s musical popularity grew with the Evening Birds, who presented "a very cool urban act that wears pinstriped suits, bowler hats and dandy two-tone shoes". "Mbube"

After <mask> started working at the Gallo Record Company's Roodepoort plant in 1938 as a record packer, the Evening Birds were witnessed by company talent scout Griffith Motsieloa. Italian immigrant Eric Gallo owned what at that time was sub-Saharan Africa's only recording studio. In 1939, while recording a number of songs in the studio, <mask> improvised the song "Mbube" (Lion). "Mbube" was a major success for <mask> and the Evening Birds, reportedly selling more than 100,000 copies in South Africa by 1949.The recording was produced by Motsieloa at the Gallo Recording Studios, in Johannesburg. <mask> sold the rights to Gallo Record Company for 10 shillings (less than US$2) soon after the recording was made. However, it is alleged that, by British laws then in effect, those rights should have reverted to <mask>'s heirs 25 years after his death in 1962. In 1948, the Evening Birds disbanded, and a year later <mask> married Regina. While raising a family he continued to perform. His song "Mbube" had made him well known in South Africa. <mask> is credited with a number of musical innovations that came to dominate the isicathamiya style.Instead of using one singer per voice part, the Evening Birds used a number of bass singers. He introduced the falsetto main voice, which incorporated female vocal texture into male singing. His group was the first known to use striped suits to indicate that they were urban sophisticates. At the same time, their bass singing retained some musical elements indicative of traditional choral music. Some of <mask>'s music can be interpreted as expressing political dissent. For example, "Yethulisgqoko" ("Take off your hat", Gallo GE 887) recalls treatment by Pass Office officials, and ends with the words "Sikhalela izwe lakithi" ("We cry for our country"). Such expressions were an occasional feature of Mbube songs.Groups such as The Alexandrians were associated with the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union in Johannesburg. Alan Lomax
The original South African recording was discovered during the early 1950s by American musicologist Alan Lomax, who gave it to his friend, folk musician Pete Seeger of The Weavers. Seeger retitled it "Wimoweh", an approximate phonetic rendering of the song's Zulu language refrain, "uyimbube" ("you are a lion", from "u-" ["you"], "yi-" ["are"] and "imbube" ["lion"]), and it was introduced to America by The Weavers; they recorded a studio version in 1952 which became a Top 20 hit in the US, as well as an influential live version recorded at Carnegie Hall in 1955 and released in April 1957. The Weavers' version was subsequently covered by The Kingston Trio in 1959. The Weavers' Carnegie Hall version was also the inspiration for the 1961 version recorded by popular music group The Tokens, for whom English lyrics were written by George David Weiss and retitled "The Lion Sleeps Tonight"; this is the version most often played on popular radio today. (However, at the time, 1961–62, a fast-tempo version by the Karl Denver Trio was the more successful in the UK.) Death
Despite the popularity and wide use of the song, <mask> died impoverished in 1962 of kidney failure.It was not until 18 years later that a tombstone was constructed at his gravesite. Rediscovery
In 2000, South African journalist Rian Malan wrote a feature article for the magazine Rolling Stone, describing <mask>'s story and estimating that the song had earned US$15 million for its use in The Lion King alone. Malan and the South African filmmaker François Verster cooperated to make a television documentary called A Lion's Trail that tells <mask>'s story, and which was screened by PBS. In 2004, with the backing of the South African government and Gallo Records, <mask>'s descendants in South Africa sued The Walt Disney Company for its use in The Lion King movie and stage musical without paying royalties to them. The story of the lawsuit against Disney and the aftermath of the settlement is told in the 2019 Netflix documentary, The Lion's Share. Settlement
In February 2006, <mask>'s estate attained a legal settlement with Abilene Music company, which had the worldwide rights and had licensed the song to Disney. This settlement applies to worldwide rights, not just South African, since 1987.The proceeds of the settlement were placed into a trust, to be administered by SA Music Rights CEO Nick Motsatsi. A trial was scheduled to start on 21 February 2006, but just before the trial, a settlement was reached between <mask>'s estate, Disney and Abilene Music Company, the true defendant of the litigation, who had granted an indemnity to Disney when it licensed use of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" in The Lion King. The primary outcomes of the settlement were:

The estate was to receive payment for past uses of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" and an entitlement to future royalties from its worldwide use. "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" was to be acknowledged as derived from "Mbube". <mask> was to be acknowledged as a co-composer of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" and to be designated as such in the future. A trust was to be formed to administer the estate's copyright in "Mbube" and to receive on their behalf the payments due from the use of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight". Partial discography
During his musical career, <mask> recorded many songs (some of them unissued) in the Gallo Recording Studio.He was accompanied by his vocal group, The Evening Birds. 1938: Makasani/Mfo Ka <mask>
 1938: Ngqo Ngqongo Vula/Ngi Boni Sebeni
 1939: Ntombi Ngangiyeshela (recorded c. 1938)/Hamba Pepa Lami
 1939: Yetulisigqoko
 1939: Mbube/Ngi Hambile (recorded c. 1938)
 1939: Sangena Mama/Sohlangana
 1939: Sengiyofela Pesheya/Ziyekele Mama
 1940: Jerusalema (recorded c. 1940)/Basibizalonkizwe
 1940: Sigonde 'Mnambiti (recorded c. 1939)/Bhamporo
 1942: Ngazula Emagumeni (recorded c. 1941)/Gijima Mfana
 1942: Ndaba Zika <mask>mutshel'Ubaba

References

External links
PBS: The Lion's Trail
The World: Global Hit: <mask>

"Groundbreaking SA lawsuit sends a message to the world’s cultural power-brokers", SA Music News, Thursday, 16 February 2006. Mark Steyn, The Lion Sleeps Tonight. Media
 Sample of "Mbube" performed by <mask>'s "Original Evening Birds" (opens directly in a WMA-compatible media player]. Scanned image of <mask>'s original Gallotone recording. 1909 births
1962 deaths
Deaths from kidney failure
People from Umzinyathi District Municipality
Zulu people
South African male composers
20th-century South African male singers
20th-century South African musicians
20th-century composers

masks:
Solomon Popoli Linda
Solomon Ntsele
Linda
Solomon Popoli Linda
Linda
Solomon
Linda
Solomon Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Solomon Linda
Linda
Linda
Linda
Solomon Linda
Solomon Linda
Linda
Linda Ngyo
Solomon Linda
Solomon Linda
Linda