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<mask> is an assistant professor of the Department of Anthropology at the University of South Florida. His areas of specialization in the field of anthropology include Eastern United States Prehistory, Mesoamerican Prehistory, Cultural Resource Management, Settlement Pattern Studies, Archaeology of Households, Environmental Anthropology, Ceramic Analysis, and GIS Applications for Anthropology. Biography
<mask> was born in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1966. In 1984 he received an alumni scholarship to the University of Georgia, from which he graduated in 1988 with an A.B., cum laude with honors in Anthropology. Field work
From 1989 until 1992 he worked as an archaeological field technician for various firms in the eastern United States and Europe. From 1993 until 1994 <mask> worked as a Project Archaeologist for Brockington and Associates in Norcross, Georgia. He then became a consulting archaeologist for Southern Research at Fort Stewart Military Reservation in Georgia, as well as a senior archaeologist for Southern Archaeological Services, Athens, Georgia.He served in the latter position until 2003. After two years <mask> returned to his alma mater in 1996 to become a graduate teaching assistant in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Georgia. Academic work
While working as a teaching assistant <mask> did some fieldwork at the Shoulderbone Tract located in Hancock County. While the work was not long, only lasting from January sixth until the end of the month it would provide the basis for his first fully published book. Written in 1997 "An archeological Survey of the Shoulderbone Tract, Hancock County, Georgia" describes the work that was done in the Shoulderbone Tract of Hancock County which was made up a mound complex located on a terrace north of Whitten Creek. While Pluckhahn described the work as “minimal, and focusing on defining and demarcating the limits of the site so that it may be fenced.” he does go on to admit that “Most of the fieldwork, however was devoted to an extensive archeological survey of the property.”

Kolomoki
In the following year of 1998, <mask> became an instructor at Georgia. In 1999 Pluckhahn became the field supervisor at the Mixteca Alta Settlement Pattern Survey in Oaxaca, Mexico.In the same year he traveled back east to become the field director of the Kolomoki: Learning about a Woodland Ceremonial Center located in Georgia. During this time he helped excavate the famed mound site of Kolomoki in the lower Chattahoochee River Valley of southwest Georgia. From 1999 until 2001 he served as a field director at Kolomoki in a study founded by the National Geographic Society. During his time at Kolomoki, Pluckhahn worked with others to excavate the site of Kolomoki examining everything from pottery to the mounds themselves. This excavation was intended to discover how Native Americans lived during Kolomoki's days as an important cultural center. After extensive studies on the evidence uncovered during the excavation, an important discovery was made involving the dating that had previously been applied. Before the excavation, previous archaeologists had placed the date of the Kolomoki mounds in the Mississippian Period (c. 1000-1500 AD), but Dr. Pluckhahn however, discovered that the main date of occupation was closer to the Woodland Period (c. 350-750 AD).Ph.D
In 2002, <mask> earned his Ph.D. from the University of Georgia, writing his dissertation on his experiences and findings at Kolomoki. After working as an instructor for Georgia, <mask> became the visiting assistant professor of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oklahoma in 2003. He served in this position until 2004, when he became the assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology. Kolomoki book
While at Oklahoma Pluckhahn released "Kolomoki: Settlement, Ceremony, and Status in the Deep South, A.D. 350 to 750". He applied his fieldwork from the Kolomoki site, as well as his discoveries of the new timeline of the Kolomoki mounds. The analysis in the book supports the evidence of Kolomki's actual occupation, while also answering questions about middle range societies, their use of ceremony and its effect on status. Light on the Path, book
Pluckhahn served as the visiting assistant professor of the Department of Anthropology until 2004, when he became the assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oklahoma.He served in this position for two more years. In 2006 he released the book "Light on the Path: The Anthropology and History of the Southeastern Indians". In this book <mask>, along with Robbie Ethridge, provide new ideas for viewing the history of Native Americans in the Southeast. A major component of the book deals with the recent ability to connect the periods of the sixteenth-century Late Mississippian period to the eighteenth-century colonial period. <mask> and Ethridge claim in the book to be able to bridge the two centuries together, while filling in the previously mysterious seventeenth-century. This linkage has provided a crucial new way to view the ancestry of the southeastern United States that is invaluable to not only archaeologist and anthropologist, but historians as well. Selected articles and books
 Kolomoki: Settlement, Ceremony, and Status in the Deep South, c. 350 to 750 AD.<mask><mask>. 2003. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa
 Light on the Path: The Anthropology and History of the Southeastern Indians. University of Alabama Press,(<mask><mask>, and Robbie F. Ethridge editors). 2006. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa
 Origins of the Ñuu: Archaeology in the Mixteca Alta, Mexico. University Press of Colorado, Boulder..(Stephen A.Kowalewski,., Andrew K. Balkansky, Laura R. Stiver Walsh, <mask><mask>, <mask>. Chamblee, Verónica, Pérez Rodríguez, Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza, and Charlotte A. Smith) 2006. University Press of Colorado, Boulder. Under contract. Reflections on Paddle Stamped Pottery: Symmetry Analysis of Swift Creek Paddle Designs from Kolomoki. 2007. Southeastern Archaeology 26(1):1-11. “The Mounds Themselves Might Be Perfectly Happy in Their Surroundings”: The “Kolomoki Problem” in Notesand Letters.The Florida Anthropologist 60(2-3):63-76. "Woodland Prehistoric Period", The New Georgia Encyclopedia. 2001. edited by <mask>. University of Georgia Press, Athens. "Kolomoki Mounds Site", The New Georgia Encyclopedia. 2001. edited by <mask>. University of Georgia Press.Athens. Fifty Years Since Sears: Deconstructing the Domestic Sphere at Kolomoki. 2000. Southeastern Archaeology 19(2):145-155. Transportation Corridors and Political Evolution in Highland Mesoamerica: Settlement Analyses Incorporating GIS for Northern Tlaxcala, Mexico. 2007. (David Manuel Carballo, and <mask>. Pluckhahn) Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26(4):607-629.References

 <mask>, <mask>. Kolomoki: settlement, ceremony, and status in the Deep South, AD 350 to 750 Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. 2003
 Light on the Path : the anthropology and history of the southern Indians Edited by <mask>, <mask>. and Robbie Ethridge. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 2006. <mask>, <mask>. An Archeological survey of the shoulderbone  tract, Hancock County Georgia Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Department of Transportation, Office of Environment/ Location, 1997
 <mask><mask>'s Curriculum Vita

External links

1966 births
Living people
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
American anthropologists
University of South Florida faculty
University of Georgia alumni

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<mask>. (December 22, 1922 – May 6, 2015) was an American politician who served as the 48th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 1989. He represented Texas's 12th congressional district as a Democrat from 1955 to 1989. Born in Fort Worth, Texas, <mask> won election to the Texas House of Representatives after serving in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He won election to Congress in 1954, representing a district that included his home town of Fort Worth. Like most Texas Democrats, <mask> distinguished himself from many of his fellow Southern congressmen in his refusal to sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto. He voted for the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Acts of 1960 and 1968, although he voted against the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964 and the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. He also became a senior member of the House Public Works Committee.In 1976, <mask> narrowly won election to the position of House Majority Leader. <mask> voted in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday in August 1983. He became Speaker of the House after Tip O'Neill retired in 1987. In March 1988, <mask> led the House Democratic Caucus as Speaker to override President Reagan's veto of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987. <mask> resigned from Congress in June 1989 amid a House Ethics Committee investigation into compensation that he and his wife had received. After leaving Congress, <mask> became a professor at Texas Christian University. He died in Fort Worth in 2015.Early life
<mask> was born in Fort Worth, the son of Marie (Lyster) and James Claude <mask>. <mask> was of English and Irish ancestry. Because his father was a traveling salesman, <mask> and his two sisters were reared in numerous communities in Texas and Oklahoma. He mostly attended Fort Worth and Dallas public schools, eventually graduating from Adamson High School (formerly Oak Cliff High School), then studied at Weatherford College in his mother's hometown of Weatherford, the county seat of Parker County west of Fort Worth, and then at the University of Texas at Austin, but he never received a bachelor's degree. In December 1941, <mask> enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces, and after training, he was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Air Corps in 1942. He trained as a bombardier and earned a Distinguished Flying Cross flying during combat in B-24 Liberators with the 530th Bomb Squadron, 380th Bomb Group (Heavy) in the South Pacific during World War II. His retelling of his wartime exploits is contained in his 2005 book The Flying Circus: Pacific War—1943—As Seen through A Bombsight.After the war, he made his home in Weatherford, where he joined partners in forming a Trade Show exhibition and marketing firm. As a Democrat, he won his first election without opposition in 1946 to the Texas House of Representatives, where he served from 1947 to 1949. He was defeated in his bid for reelection in 1948, after a rival claimed that <mask> was weak in opposing both communism and interracial marriage. He was the mayor of Weatherford from 1950 to 1954. In 1953, he served as president of the League of Texas Municipalities. Career in Congress
In 1954, he was elected to Congress from Texas's 12th congressional district, which included Fort Worth and Weatherford. He won despite the fervid opposition of Amon G. Carter, publisher of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram newspaper and later the benefactor of the Amon Carter Museum.Carter supported the incumbent Democrat Wingate Lucas. <mask> would be re-elected fourteen times, gradually rising in prominence in the party and in Congress. He developed a close relationship thereafter with Amon G. Carter Jr. <mask> often said that the easiest way to "defeat an enemy is to make him your friend." In 1956, <mask> refused to join most of his regional colleagues in signing the segregationist Southern Manifesto, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1960 and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. However, he voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1957 signed by U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower, and <mask> refused to support the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which required desegregation of public accommodations and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. His reason for not supporting that legislation had to do with the voting rights provision of the law, which <mask> enthusiastically supported, and felt the Civil Rights Act was weak without the right to vote granted to all citizens. It was signed into law by <mask>'s friend, President Johnson.<mask> also voted against the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. <mask> would later vote in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday in August 1983 as well as lead the House Democratic Caucus as Speaker in March 1988 to override President Reagan's veto of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987. In 1961, <mask> finished in third place in the special election called to fill the U.S. Senate seat vacated by then Vice President Lyndon Johnson. Two finalists for the Senate emerged from a field of seventy-one candidates. College professor John G. Tower, then of Wichita Falls, narrowly defeated the interim appointee William Blakley, a Dallas industrialist, in a runoff election. Tower hence became the first Republican senator from Texas since Reconstruction. <mask> was riding in the motorcade in Dallas on November 22, 1963 when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated.<mask> continued to serve in the House and became a senior member of the Public Works Committee. Though in line to become committee chairman, he entered the race for House Majority Leader and was elected by one vote in December 1976, defeating Richard Bolling of Missouri and Phillip Burton of California. <mask> won the majority leadership position with the support of all but two Democrats from the large Texas delegation, all Democrats on the Public Works Committee, and virtually all other Southern representatives. In the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, <mask> is infamous for the Wright Amendment, a contentious law he sponsored that restricted air travel from Dallas's secondary airport, Love Field. Passed in 1979, the Wright Amendment was originally designed to protect the then-fledgling Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. The Amendment allows non-stop flights originating from or bound to any commercial airport within  of the DFW Airport Control Tower to serve only states bordering Texas. It was the compromise agreed to with Southwest Airlines to expand their territory beyond Texas.This requires any flight going to or coming from a destination within that  radius (Dallas Love Field and the now-defunct Greater Southwest International Airport in Fort Worth were the only airports affected) to land in a contiguous (bordering) state before continuing on to its destination. This effectively limited traffic from Love Field and GSIA to small, regional airlines (and provided the springboard for the later success of Southwest Airlines, which initially flew only within Texas) who were largely unable to compete with DFW Airport as a result. While the Amendment was welcomed at first, there were increasing doubts about its necessity as DFW grew into one of the three largest airports in the world. Many saw it as a boondoggle to benefit one particular group. Others saw it as an unlawful restraint of trade imposed against the two affected airports, and no others, in spite of the fact that public officials of Dallas and Ft Worth had agreed to the restrictions (Virginia McGuire, daughter of James C<mask>, direct conversation). However, the largest opposition came increasingly from people who simply felt that the amendment had outlived its usefulness and was also an unwarranted intrusion on the free markets of the deregulated airline industry. In 2006 Congress passed the Wright Amendment Reform Act of 2006, which repealed the Wright Amendment in stages; the last restrictions on travel from Love Field were lifted on October 13, 2014.<mask> strongly supported the Superconducting Super Collider project in Waxahachie in Ellis County, but the work was halted in 1993. Speaker of the House
When the 100th Congress convened on January 6, 1987, <mask> was elected Speaker of the House (254–173 over Republican Robert H. Michel), succeeding Tip O'Neill, who had retired after 10 years in the post. At the time, <mask> stated that being speaker of the House "is the greatest responsibility that can come to a lawmaker anywhere in the world." In July 1988, he chaired the Democratic Party convention that nominated Michael Dukakis for president. During that convention, <mask> introduced John F. Kennedy Jr. for Kennedy's first televised speech. Almost 25 years earlier, on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy, in his last speech before being assassinated, praised <mask>'s service in the Congress, saying "and here in Fort Worth he has contributed to its growth. He speaks for Fort Worth and he speaks for the country, and I don't know any city that is better represented in the Congress of the United States than Fort Worth."While Dukakis lost the 1988 presidential election to Republican George H. W. Bush, Democrats retained control of the House in the coinciding congressional elections, thus when the 101st Congress opened on January 3, 1989, <mask> was re-elected as speaker. According to historian Julian E. Zelizer, the majority Democrats ran roughshod over the Republican (GOP) minority. They minimized the number of staff positions available to the minority, kept them out of decision-making, and gerrymandered their home districts. Firebrand Republican Newt Gingrich argued that American democracy was being ruined by the Democrats' tactics and that the GOP had to destroy the system before it could be saved. Cooperation in governance, says Zelizer, was put aside as they deposed Speaker <mask> and regained power. Gingrich gained support from the media (always looking for scandal) and from good government forces in his crusade to persuade Americans that the system was, in Gingrich's words,  “morally, intellectually and spiritually corrupt.” Gingrich did force out <mask>, but after he became Speaker Gingrich was himself forced out and scandal ruined the careers of other top GOP leaders.<ref>Julian E. Zelizer, "Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party (2020).</ref>

Aide controversy
In May 1989, controversy arose when media reports revealed that <mask>'s top assistant, John Mack, had violently attacked a woman 16 years earlier. The woman, Pamela Small, was hit repeatedly with a hammer, stabbed and slashed with a knife and left for dead.Small survived the attack, and reported it to the police. He was convicted of malicious wounding and was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but was paroled after serving 27 months. Mack, whose brother was married to <mask>'s daughter, was given a clerk's job in the Capitol upon his release. He went on to become the executive director of the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee and served as <mask>'s chief legislative strategist. Critics, including feminist activist Andrea Dworkin, alleged that <mask> manipulated the legal system to get Mack off and, subsequently, protected him from media scrutiny. Amid the blistering public criticism, John Mack resigned from his post on May 11, and House members of both parties began to question whether <mask> could long-remain as speaker. Ethics investigation and resignation

In 1988 <mask> became the target of an inquiry by the House Ethics Committee.Their report in early 1989 implied that he had used bulk purchases of his book, Reflections of a Public Man, to earn speaking fees in excess of the allowed maximum, and that his wife, Betty, was given a job and perks to avoid the limit on gifts. Faced with an increasing loss of effectiveness, <mask> tendered his resignation as Speaker on May 31, 1989, the resignation to become effective on the selection of a successor. He was the first Speaker to resign because of a scandal. On June 6, the Democratic Caucus brought <mask>'s speakership to an end by selecting his replacement, Tom Foley of Washington, and on June 30 <mask> resigned his seat in Congress. The incident was controversial and was a part of the increasing partisan infighting that has plagued the Congress ever since. The original charges were filed by Newt Gingrich in 1988 and their effect propelled Gingrich's own career advancement to the Speaker's chair. Michael Parenti, critic of the national security state, attributed <mask>'s forced resignation to the critical questions he was raising in the late 1980s with regard to CIA covert actions in Nicaragua.<mask> had not only criticized Reagan's policy, but taken the extremely unusual step of entering into negotiations with the Nicaraguan government as Speaker. William K. Black claims that <mask>'s interventions in the Savings and Loan (S&L) crisis "were decisive in forcing him to resign in disgrace from the House". Black wrote that <mask> had been saved from financial ruin and elevated to Speaker of the House by massive campaign contributions from control frauds like Charles Keating. The control frauds managed to get hundreds of executives of S&Ls, many legitimate, to talk with their representatives in the US congress to delay effective governmental action against the frauds. This action only increased (a) the billions of dollars their ultimate failures cost the US taxpayers and (b) the magnitude of the resulting scandal. <mask>'s account of these facts was very different, citing both abuse of power by regulators, and money laundering by S&Ls in the profits diverted to Nicaragua in the Iran-Contra scandal. The scandal robbed <mask>'s Democratic party of the "sleaze factor" issue in the 1988 presidential election, thereby handing the election to the Republican George H. W. Bush, according to Black.He resigned to avoid the official documentation of his role in this that would almost certainly have come from hearings by the United States House Committee on Ethics, as it did for the Keating Five. <mask>'s personal and public account of why he resigned was very different from that cited by William Black, who claimed <mask> abused his power and certainly had reason to protect his own position and decisions at the Federal Home Loan Bank. The charges filed against <mask> did not mention Nicaragua. The Iran-Contra operations from 1984 through most of 1986 involved the secret governmental support of Contra military and paramilitary activities in Nicaragua, despite Congressional prohibition on the support. The Reagan White House was very involved in the sale of U.S. arms to Iran in contravention of stated U.S. policy and in possible violation of arms-export controls. In late November 1986, Reagan Administration officials announced that some of the proceeds from the sale of U.S. arms to Iran had been diverted to the Contras. President Bush's pardon of Secretary Weinberger on December 24, 1992 pre-empted a trial in which defense counsel indicated that they intended to call Bush as a witness.A report by special counsel implicated him in a number of influence peddling charges, such as Vernon Savings and Loan, and attempting to get William K. Black fired as the deputy director of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC) under Gray. However, the charges against him concluded that, "while the Congressman's dealings with representatives of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board may have been intemperate, the committee was not persuaded that there is reason to believe that he exercised undue influence in his dealings with that agency." Life after Congress
After his resignation from the House, <mask> retired to Fort Worth. He served as a professor at Texas Christian University there, teaching a course titled "Congress and the Presidents." He also wrote several books after his retirement. He was an avid reader but was stricken with macular degeneration. In 2004, <mask> was inducted into the Texas Trail Hall of Fame in the Fort Worth Stockyards.His exhibit says "Fort Worth Loves Him!" In November 2013, <mask> was denied a voter ID card at a Texas Department of Public Safety office, as he hadn't brought the duly-required documentation with him on the day of his visit. He told the Fort Worth Star Telegram that "Nobody was ugly to us, but they insisted that they wouldn't give me an ID." <mask> expressed concern that the Texas voter ID law will unfairly deny elderly voters like himself the ability to vote. <mask> indicated that he had worked out a solution with the Texas DPS that would allow him to cast a ballot in an upcoming election, but feared that other elderly people, especially those in retirement homes, would be unable to navigate the requirements. Toward the end of his life, in May 2014, <mask> expressed regret over resigning as Speaker of the House. He said it may have been a "gross misjudgment" at the time.Death
<mask> died at the age of 92 on May 6, 2015. He was survived by his wife Betty and four children. He had previously undergone surgery twice to treat cancer, though it is not clear if his death was cancer-related. House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, stated, "Speaker <mask> was a person of deep courage, brilliant eloquence, and complete mastery of the legislative process. Speaker <mask>'s strong, decisive leadership built an indelible legacy of progress, not only in his beloved state of Texas, but around the world. <mask> championed prosperity for every working family, and helped lead the way to peace to Central America." The Speaker of the House, John Boehner, R-OH, stated that, "Speaker <mask> understood as well as anyone this institution's closeness to the people, calling the House 'the raw essence of the nation'."President Barack Obama stated, "As a representative from Texas and Speaker of the House, <mask> was passionate about investing in infrastructure, and he worked tirelessly to promote peace in Central America. Today, our thoughts and prayers are with <mask>'s family and friends, and the people he represented in Congress for so many years." See also
 List of federal political scandals in the United States

References

Notes

Further reading
Barry, John. The Ambition and the Power: The Fall of <mask>: A True Story of Washington. New York: Viking Press, 1989. . (Paperback: Penguin, 1992. )<mask>, <mask>. Balance of Power: Presidents and Congress from the Era of McCarthy to the Age of Gingrich.Turner Publications, 1996. .
<mask>, <mask>. Reflections of a Public Man. Fort Worth, Texas: Madison Publishing Company, 1984. <mask>, <mask>. The Flying Circus: Pacific War—1943—As Seen Through A Bombsight. Guilford, Connecticut: The Lyons Press, 2005. .
<mask>, <mask>. The Coming Water Famine.New York: Coward-McCann, 1966. Zelizer, Julian E. "Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party (Penguin, 2020). External links

Photos from the <mask> Collection at the Portal to Texas History

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1922 births
2015 deaths
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Majority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Members of the Texas House of Representatives
Mayors of places in Texas
Texas Democrats
20th-century American politicians
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Texas Christian University faculty
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Weatherford College alumni
Writers from Texas
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
American United Methodists
Politicians from Dallas
Politicians from Fort Worth, Texas
People from Weatherford, Texas
20th-century Methodists

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<mask> (born March 15, 1987) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons. He played college football and college baseball at the University of Minnesota, and was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. After four seasons with the Broncos, Decker played for the New York Jets for three years, then the Tennessee Titans for one season. Early years
<mask> attended Rocori High School in Cold Spring, Minnesota. He was present in school when the Rocori High School shooting took place, hiding in a cupboard with other students until they were rescued by police officers. Decker was a three-sport athlete in football, basketball, and baseball. In each sport he was awarded all-conference, all-area and all-section honors.Additionally, <mask> was named the football team MVP two years in a row. During his prep football career, he had 2,156 receiving yards and 28 touchdowns. College career
<mask> attended the University of Minnesota. He made his collegiate debut against Kent State and had a single reception for a 39-yard touchdown from quarterback Bryan Cupito. On September 23, in a game at Purdue, he completed a 22-yard pass. As a freshman, Decker finished with 378 receiving yards and three touchdowns. As a sophomore, <mask>'s role with the offense expanded.After recorded four receptions for 49 receiving yards in a season-opening loss to Bowling Green, he had seven receptions for 128 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns against Miami (OH). In the following game, he had 12 receptions for 165 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in a loss to FAU. On October 20, he threw a 20-yard touchdown pass to Ralph Spry in a loss to North Dakota State. He finished with 909 receiving yards and nine touchdowns. In a season where the Golden Gophers finished with a 1–11 record, <mask> led the team in receptions and receiving yards, and tie for the lead in receiving touchdowns with Ernie Wheelwright. <mask> started his junior season with 10 receptions for 89 receiving yards and a touchdown against Northern Illinois. In the following game against Bowling Green, he had six receptions for 86 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown to go along with a 12-yard touchdown rush.In next week's game against Montana State, he had nine receptions for 157 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown. In the following game, he had seven receptions for 122 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown against FAU to cap a 4–0 start for the Golden Gophers. After the following week's game against Ohio State where Minnesota suffered their first setback of the season, Decker had 13 receptions for 190 receiving yards against Indiana. Minnesota qualified for the Insight Bowl against Kansas, where Decker recorded eight receptions for 149 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown in the 42–21 loss. <mask> finished his junior season in 2008 with 84 catches for 1,074 yards and seven touchdowns. He led the 7–6 Golden Gophers in receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns. In early spring 2009, Decker met with Thomas Goudy, a wide-out coach in St. Louis, Missouri.Goudy helped Decker with his ball-holding technique. Decker spent three weeks in his training camp before starting the summer conditioning camp. <mask> began the season with the consistent play that had been a hallmark of his Gophers' career. Through three games, <mask> was sixth in the nation in receiving yards, with 183 yards against Syracuse, 113 yards against Air Force, and 119 yards and two touchdowns against California. Sports Illustrated columnist Stewart Mandel declared <mask> the third-best wide receiver in college football, behind Oklahoma State's Dez Bryant and Georgia's A. J. Green. After the California game, <mask> had eight receptions for 84 yards and two receiving touchdowns against Northwestern, and in the following game, had eight receptions for 140 yards and a touchdown against Wisconsin.On October 27, 2009, it was announced that <mask> would miss the rest of the season after suffering a sprained foot against Ohio State. As a senior, Decker finished with 758 receiving yards and five touchdowns. <mask> played outfield for the Minnesota baseball team. He was selected in the 39th round of the 2008 Major League Baseball Draft by the Milwaukee Brewers and the 27th round of the 2009 Major League Baseball Draft by the Minnesota Twins. Statistics

Professional career
<mask>’s senior season was cut short due to surgery he underwent to repair torn ligaments in his left foot. As a result, he was unable to participate in both the NFL combine and Minnesota’s pro day workout. He scored a 43 on the Wonderlic test at the combine, the top score for the group of prospects who took the test in Indianapolis.Denver Broncos

2010 season: Rookie year

<mask> was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the third round with the 87th overall pick in the 2010 NFL Draft. He signed a four-year contract through 2013 worth $2,522,000. Due to foot surgery, <mask> sat out during Broncos rookie mini-camp and OTA's. Broncos head coach Josh McDaniels said he hoped he'd be ready by the season's opener, “At this point we're going to err on the side of being real careful and not put them in a situation where (it’s) the last day of minicamp on June 13th and all of a sudden we have a foot injury," said McDaniels. "Hopefully, everybody will be ready by August.”

On July 27, 2010, the Broncos signed <mask> to a four-year contract. In the preseason, <mask> led all NFL rookies in receptions, but due to the Broncos' depth at receiver, <mask> did not see much action in the offense until late in the regular season. He did contribute on special teams, however, recording seven special teams tackles while returning 17 kickoffs for 429 yards giving him 25.2 yards per return average.Toward the end of the season, the Broncos started to mix <mask> into the offense more, after fellow rookie Demaryius Thomas went down with an injury. <mask> finished his rookie season with six receptions for 106 yards and a touchdown. 2011 season
<mask>'s role in Denver's offense expanded in 2011. During a Week 1 Monday Night Football matchup at home against the Oakland Raiders, Decker returned a fourth quarter punt for a 90-yard touchdown, but the Broncos lost 23–20. In Week 2, making his first professional start, <mask> caught five passes for 113 yards and two touchdowns, the second on a 52-yard catch in the fourth quarter as Denver recorded their first win of the 2011 season, 24–22 over the Cincinnati Bengals. On September 25, in Denver's Week 3 17–14 loss to the Tennessee Titans, <mask> had a career-high seven catches for 48 yards. Over the next four weeks, <mask> continued his steady play by hauling in 18 passes for 192 yards and four touchdowns.On November 13, in a Week 10 divisional road game at Arrowhead Stadium against the division-rival Kansas City Chiefs, starting quarterback Tim Tebow attempted a pair of deep passes for Decker, the first almost being hauled in off a deflection and the other being knocked down by the defender, but in the fourth quarter, with Denver hanging on to a slim 10–7 lead, Tebow hit Decker on a go route deep for a 56-yard touchdown catch, <mask>'s only catch of the game and only Tebow's second completion, as the Broncos won 17–10 to move into a second-place tie in the AFC West with the San Diego Chargers and Chiefs. In the first round of the playoffs against the Pittsburgh Steelers, <mask> was taken out of the game due to injury. <mask> finished the 2011 season with 44 receptions for 612 yards and eight touchdowns. 2012 season
Heading into the 2012 regular season, Decker seemed primed to have a productive year with veteran quarterback Peyton Manning running Denver's offense. On May 12, Broncos' offensive coordinator Mike McCoy noted that <mask> and fellow receiver Demaryius Thomas were "like two little kids in a candy shop right now," when asked about the receivers eagerness to work with Manning. In April, Decker attended a Colorado Rockies' baseball game with Manning and began workouts with him prior to training camp. Decker had a breakout season in 2012.In Week 3 against the Houston Texans, he had eight receptions for 136 yards. From Week 4 to Week 9, he recorded seven receiving touchdowns over a span of five games. In Week 15 against the Baltimore Ravens, he finished with eight receptions for 133 yards and a touchdown. In Weeks 16–17, he recorded back-to-back games with two receiving touchdowns against the Cleveland Browns and Kansas City Chiefs. Decker finished the 2012 season with 85 catches for 1,064 yards and 13 touchdowns. He finished ranked 20th in the league in terms of yards for wide receivers and the 13 touchdowns was the second most among wide receivers in 2012. In the Broncos' Divisional Round game against the Baltimore Ravens, he had six receptions for 84 receiving yards in the 38–35 2OT loss.2013 season
In the 2013 season, <mask> contributed to Peyton Manning's historical passing season. In Week 3, against the Oakland Raiders, <mask> finished with eight receptions for 133 yards and a touchdown. In Week 7, against the Indianapolis Colts, he finished with eight receptions for 150 yards and a touchdown. In Week 13, Decker had a career day against the Kansas City Chiefs with eight catches for 174 yards and team record tying four touchdowns, earning him the AFC Offensive Player of the Week award. He followed up that performance with eight receptions for 117 yards and a touchdown against the Tennessee Titans. In Week 16, against the Houston Texans, he finished with 10 receptions for 131 yards and two touchdowns. Overall, <mask> finished the 2013 season with 87 receptions for 1,288 yards, both career highs, and 11 touchdowns.In the Divisional Round, against the San Diego Chargers, he had two receptions for 32 yards in the 24–17 victory. In the AFC Championship against the New England Patriots, he had five receptions for 73 yards in the 26–16 victory. The Broncos reached Super Bowl XLVIII, but lost 43–8 to the Seattle Seahawks. <mask> was held to one reception for six yards in the Super Bowl due to tight coverage by the Seahawks' defensive backs. New York Jets

2014 season
On March 12, 2014, <mask> signed a five-year, $36.25 million contract with the New York Jets. In his Jets' debut, he had five receptions for 74 yards in the 19–14 victory over the Oakland Raiders. In Week 17, <mask> was targeted 11 times in the season-finale 37–24 victory against the Miami Dolphins and came up with a tying career-high 10 receptions for a career-high 221 yards and a touchdown.In Week 15, against the Tennessee Titans, he had seven receptions for 100 yards in the 16–11 victory. In the 2014 season, he had 74 receptions for 962 receiving yards scored and five receiving touchdowns. 2015 season

<mask> started the season with a receiving touchdown in each of his first four games from Weeks 1–6. From Weeks 8–10, he had three straight games with a receiving touchdown. In Week 13, against the New York Giants, he had season-highs with eight receptions for 101 receiving yards in the 23–20 victory. From Weeks 14–17, he had four straight games with a receiving touchdown. In his most productive season with the Jets, Decker caught 80 passes for 1,027 yards and 12 touchdowns.2016 season
On September 16, <mask> was fined $9,115 for a late hit he made on cornerback Josh Shaw on opening day against the Cincinnati Bengals. On October 12, the Jets placed <mask> on injured reserve due to a shoulder injury. In three games in the 2016 season, he finished with nine receptions for 194 yards and two touchdowns. On June 6, 2017, the Jets informed Decker that he would be either traded or released by the end of that week, effectively cutting ties with him. On June 12, 2017, <mask> was officially released by the Jets. Tennessee Titans
On June 18, 2017, <mask> signed a one-year contract worth $3.85 million with the Tennessee Titans. In the season opener against the Oakland Raiders, <mask> had three receptions for 10 yards in his Titans debut.The Titans lost by a score of 26–16. During Week 2, he had three receptions for 32 yards, a kickoff return for 22 yards, and recovered an onside kick in a 37–16 road victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars. During Week 9, <mask> caught his only touchdown of the regular season on an 11-yard pass from Marcus Mariota in a 23–20 victory over the Baltimore Ravens. <mask> finished the 2017 season with 54 receptions for 563 yards and a touchdown. In the postseason, <mask> caught the game-winning touchdown from Mariota in the AFC Wild Card game against the Kansas City Chiefs to win on the road 22–21. In the Divisional Round against the New England Patriots, he finished with six receptions for 85 yards in the 35–14 road loss. New England Patriots
On August 2, 2018, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the New England Patriots.With the move, Decker reunited with Josh McDaniels, the Patriots offensive coordinator and former head coach of the Denver Broncos. Retirement
On August 26, 2018, <mask> announced his retirement from the NFL. NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Career awards and highlights
 AFC receiving touchdowns leader (2012)
 AFC champion (2013)
 AFC Offensive Player of the Week (Week 13, 2013)

Broncos franchise records
 Most receiving touchdowns in a single game: 4 (December 1, 2013, at Kansas City)
 Most kick return yards in a single game: 211 (December 12, 2010, at Arizona)

Personal life
On June 22, 2013, <mask> married country singer Jessie James. They have three children: a daughter born in March 2014, a son born in September 2015, and a second son born in March 2018. In 2017, <mask> and his wife Jessie spoke out against athletes kneeling during the national anthem to raise awareness around issues of racial inequality and police brutality. Television
Decker and his wife starred in the E! reality show Eric & Jessie: Game On which ran from September 29, 2013 until 2017.References

External links

New York Jets bio
Denver Broncos bio

1987 births
Living people
People from Stearns County, Minnesota
Players of American football from Minnesota
American football wide receivers
Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball players
Minnesota Golden Gophers football players
Denver Broncos players
New York Jets players
Tennessee Titans players
New England Patriots players

masks:
Eric Thomas Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Eric Decker


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<mask> (; born <mask>, 3 November 1913 – 16 May 2004) was a Hungarian dancer, singer and actress who gained prominence in German films in the Nazi era. She resumed her career in 1947 and was one of Europe's most famous operetta singers, performing onstage until 1986. Life and work
<mask> was born in 1913 in Cairo, Egypt, the daughter of Hungarian architect and contractor <mask> and his wife, Maria Karoline Charlotte (born Karoly) Rökk. She spent her childhood in Budapest, but in 1924 her family moved to Paris where her father had been contractually engaged. Here she learned to dance and starred with the Hoffmann Girls at the Moulin Rouge cabaret. After a tour that led her to Broadway she continued her dance training in the United States, where she worked with Ned Wayburn. In 1929 she returned to Europe and the next year acted in her first film, Why Sailors Leave Home, a British comedy directed by Monty Banks, starring Leslie Fuller.She made her real breakthrough when the Universum Film AG (UFA) attempted to create a German film star to rival Hollywood's top musical star actresses Eleanor Powell, Ginger Rogers and later, Alice Faye, Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable. The Third Reich's Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, admired Hollywood movies and examined them carefully in regular private screenings. Early Technicolor films such as Becky Sharp (1935), The Garden of Allah (1936), Nothing Sacred (1937), and A Star Is Born (1937) made him realize that Hollywood feature films presented a threat to Germany's internal market and that Hollywood's dominance of colour and musical film technology should be matched, at least if Germany was serious about engaging in a cultural war with the U.S. and Britain. As an acclaimed revue dancer on numerous European stages, Rökk was selected as the ideal candidate to be groomed and promoted as this new type of star and in 1934 was offered a two-year contract with UFA, where she became one of the most prolific film stars of the time. Rökk's German film debut was Leichte Kavallerie (Light Cavalry) (1935, Werner Hochbaum) with Heinz von Cleve. The film made her a sensation overnight. It was the first of a series of modern escapist, lightweight operettas and glittering revue-style entertainments which quickly made Rökk one of Germany's most popular actresses.These films were clearly modeled on the successful formula of the black-and-white and Technicolor musical films being produced by American film studios RKO, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and 20th Century Fox in the 1930s and 1940s. She had the technical skill and glamour to carry off the formulaic plots and dialogue and provide German audiences with a home grown star to rival the popular American actresses. Der Bettelstudent and Gasparone, followed by Hello Janine! in 1939, all starred her together with Johannes Heesters and established them as the "dream couple" of the musical comedy genre. In her appearances she cultivated her magyar accent conveying a notion of "paprika" exoticism. Her films, which were not overtly political, were also popular in wider parts of Europe. With a double role in Kora Terry, a 1940 film directed by her future husband Georg Jacoby, she reached new heights.By simultaneously impersonating dutiful and evil twin sisters, Rökk was able to showcase her range of theatrical talent, performing in several dance interludes which were quite risqué for that time. In the same year, she appeared in the propaganda film Wunschkonzert by Eduard von Borsody (as herself), followed by her performance in Georg Jacoby's lavish Women Are Better Diplomats (Frauen sind doch bessere Diplomaten, UFA's first Agfacolor motion picture) in 1941, together with Willy Fritsch. She reached the peak of her career in 1944, with the star role in The Woman of My Dreams, a lavishly enacted musical colour film again directed by Jacoby. Though few of her movies featured overt Nazi propaganda, she fulfilled her mission to exemplify a leading woman in the Third Reich and to entertain the German people throughout World War II as intended by Goebbels. After the war, she initially was banned professionally (Berufsverbot) but was rehabilitated in 1947 and was able to continue her movie career in West Germany and Austria. In 1948 she was among the first recipients of the German Bambi media award. Rökk became one of Europe's most famous operetta singers, performing onstage until 1986.After her husband Georg Jacoby had died in 1964, she was married to the Hungarian actor Fred Raul from 1968 until his death in 1985. She is the mother of actress . In 1994, the son of Soviet spymaster Lavrentiy Beria alleged that Rökk aided Soviet intelligence during World War II, sending information from Goebbels to the Soviet Union. In 2017, German and British media reported on declassified documents that indicate Rökk may have had a role in Soviet intelligence during the war. Those reports were later described as unfounded. Death
Rökk died of a heart attack in Baden bei Wien, Austria, in 2004, aged 90. Awards
1948, 1968, 1987, 1990, 1998 Bambi
1981 Deutscher Filmpreis, Special Award for Outstanding Contributions to German Cinema
1987 Bavarian Film Awards, Best Actress

Filmography

Why Sailors Leave Home (1930)
Kiss Me Sergeant (1932)
Csókolj meg, édes!(1932)
Kísértetek vonata (1933)
Leichte Kavallerie (1935)
Heißes Blut (1936)
 The Beggar Student (1936)
 (1937)
 Carousel (1937)
Gasparone (1937)
Eine Nacht im Mai (1938)
Tanzendes Herz (1939)
Vadrózsa (1939)
 The Life and Loves of Tschaikovsky (1939)
 Hello Janine! (1939)
Kora Terry (1940)
Wunschkonzert (1940)
Zirkusblut (1940)
Frauen sind doch bessere Diplomaten (1941)
Tanz mit dem Kaiser (1941)
 Love Me (1942)
 The Woman of My Dreams (1944)
 Fregola (1948)
Child of the Danube (1950)
 Sensation in San Remo (1951)
The Csardas Princess (1951)
Mask in Blue (1953)
The Divorcée (1953)
 At the Green Cockatoo by Night (1957)
Das gab's nur einmal (1958)
 (1958)
 The Night Before the Premiere (1959)
 My Husband, the Economic Miracle (1961)
 (1961)
Wedding Night in Paradise (1962)
Die Fledermaus (1962)
Die Schöngrubers (1972) (TV series) (13 episodes)
Der letzte Walzer (1973)
 (1988)

References

External links

 Films, bibliography, photographs

1913 births
2004 deaths
20th-century German actresses
German film actresses
Hungarian-German people
Actresses from Budapest
German female dancers
German stage actresses
20th-century German women singers
Hungarian expatriates in France
Expatriates of Austria-Hungary in Egypt
Hungarian expatriates in the United States
Hungarian emigrants to Germany

masks:
Marika Rökk
Marie Karoline Rökk
Marie Karoline Rökk
Eduard Rökk


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<mask>. (June 22, 1890 – August 29, 1945) was a military officer who became the Commanding General of the Philippine Army from May 6 to December 31, 1936. Upon his retirement, he served as a civilian administrator under President Manuel L. Quezon. Early life
<mask> was born in Camiling, Tarlac to <mask> and Rosa Torres. After his Spanish education from 1897 to 1900, he enrolled in an English school in 1901. In 1907, when he had finished the sixth grade, he was appointed as municipal teacher, a post which he held until the following year. In 1908, at age 18, he was an enlisted man in the Philippine Constabulary and he had just completed his first enlistment when he was named civil service clerk at the PC headquarters in 1912. That same year, he enrolled in the Constabulary Officers' School wherein, two years later, he graduated valedictorian.<mask> was appointed as Third Lieutenant of the PC in 1914, and as such, he worked hard and continued studying to be more effective in his assignment as a field officer. Personal life
General <mask> was married to Elisa Angeles of Bulacan, with whom he had seven children, including <mask> Munda. Military service
As a soldier, <mask> served in the Lanao campaign in 1916, where he sustained wounds from a Moro spear, and in the Bayang Cota campaign in 1917, where he was wounded anew, but this time by bullets. As government cannons were bombarding the Muslim bulwark of Lumamba, Lieutenant <mask> led his platoon in penetrating the formerly secure redoubt, through an opening made in the barricade, and immediately erected a ladder to scale the first kota. Immediately, he and his men engaged its defenders in a bloody hand-to-hand combat, killing 30 of them, and thus preserving the lives of government soldiers. For this exceptional military feat, Governor General Frank Murphy bestowed on him the Medal of Valor, the highest Philippine military award for "gallantry in action", just before the inauguration of the Commonwealth government in 1935. He was named President Quezon's aide for the inaugural ceremony.Medal of Valor citation
"By direction of the President, the MEDAL FOR VALOR is hereby awarded to:
MAJOR GENERAL PAULINO T SANTOS, SR.
PHILIPPINE ARMY
For exceptional conduct and conspicuous courage displayed at Bayang Cotta, Lanao del Sur on 26 July 1917. Then a Philippine Constabulary Second Lieutenant, <mask> <mask> was tasked to participate in the Bayang Cotta campaign in which three companies of Philippine Scouts were also involved to neutralize bands of Moro outlaws. Among them was the group of Ampuan-Agos, the most famous of all Lanao outlaw chiefs. The fully armed bands, numbering about 500, were entrenched in a well-constructed and fortified cotta surrounded with barbed wire and bamboo spikes. Lieutenant <mask> led government troops in assaulting the outlaws' position. With the use of scaling ladders, they stormed the cotta and killed 30 outlaws. In this gallant act, one PC soldier was killed while five others were wounded.Lieutenant <mask> sustained a near-fatal gunshot wound at the back of the head." Public service
He served as ex-officio Justice of the Peace at large for the Provinces of Lanao and Sulu, and then Deputy Provincial Treasurer of Lanao, before finally becoming Provincial Governor of Lanao. He was appointed Director of the Bureau of Prisons in 1930, serving thus until 1936, founding the Davao Penal Colony in 1932 and transferring the Bilibid Prisons from its old site to a new one in Muntinlupa, Rizal. Return to military service
In 1936, he was recalled to military service through his appointment as brigadier general and assistant chief of staff of the Philippine Army by President Quezon. Before the year’s end, however, he was named Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army with the rank of major general. In 1937, President Quezon gave him the difficult and dangerous task of minimizing, if not eliminating the problem of Moro piracy in the south through the destruction of the pirates’ kotas, particularly Kota Dilausan, in Lanao. His term as Army chief of staff ended in December 1938.In January 1939, he was named general manager of the National Land Settlement Administration. He served in this capacity until 1941, when World War II broke out. In 1917, <mask> <mask> became the first provincial commander of Lanao and Sulu. As commandant and governor, improvements on agriculture, education and communication were achieved in the region. Serving as deputy governor up to 1924, he acted as the auxiliary justice of the peace in the municipal districts of both Lanao and Sulu at the same time. Later, <mask> was appointed as the assistant commander of Southern Luzon, and was given the rank of a lieutenant colonel. In October 1930, he was designated as assistant chief of the Philippine Constabulary where he served for more than 20 years.After his retirement, Pres. Manuel Quezon persuaded him to become the Director of Prisons in 1936. <mask> then established the Davao Penal Colony, and sped up its transfer to the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa. Although the jurisdiction Bureau of Prisons was transferred by law in 1937 to the Department of Justice, <mask> remained its director, as requested by Quezon, while simultaneously performing his army duties. He was also the first head of "Estado Mayor ng Hukbong Pilipino" and became the administrator of the Land Settlement Administration. NLSA Administrator
With orders from Pres. Quezon, he led the first group of 200 migrants from Luzon and the Visayas who transformed the primeval Lagao area in Koronadal Valley into a productive and progressive colony of six communities on Feb. 27, 1939.Being the man of action that he was, <mask> usually stayed with the men in the field, constantly exhorting them to give their best to the arduous task with discipline and high purpose together with his personal aide Eliodoro M. Pantua. Collaboration with the Japanese
During the Japanese Occupation, the Japanese occupied the upper Koronadal and Allah Valleys. <mask> decided to cooperate with the Japanese to prevent further bloodshed. <mask> and the Japanese Commander agreed to " not molest or abuse civilians in all districts of Koronadal valley but with the condition that the people will cooperate and never commit any wrong move otherwise they will feel the
repressive force of Japanese displeasure.” He accepted to serve as manager of the Koronadal and Allah Valley projects under Japanese orders. In 1943, he became Commissioner for Mindanao and Sulu. Commanding General of the Bureau of Constabulary under Japanese Control
In August 1944, he was called by Pres. Jose P. Laurel to go to Manila.There, he was appointed as Commanding General of the Bureau of Constabulary. He was appointed to survey Northern Luzon since the Americans started bombing the Philippines. He went to Nueva Ecija accompanied by his aide, Sgt. Juan "Johnny" Ablan. He not only supplied the people with food, water, etc. but also aided the guerilla groups operating in the North. He was taken prisoner by Major General Kenshichi Masouka (1888–1964), The Japanese General In-Charge of keeping watch over Gen. <mask> and his aide.He and his men forced <mask> and Ablan to the North, first to Nueva Vizcaya, and then to Sitio Tamangan in the Ifugao mountains of Kiangan, Mountain Province, where the Japanese forces had retreated. Death
While taken prisoner by the Japanese, General <mask> fell ill, mostly due to effects of inclement weather and his desire to refrain from taking full meals because of food shortage. General Masouka refused to take the sick general to an American Hospital, a few kilometers from Kiangan. Finally, on August 29, 1945, <mask> died of pneumonia at the age of 55. Legacy

<mask> <mask>' record as an officer was one of distinctive achievements. As a soldier, <mask> served in the Lanao campaign in 1916, where he sustained wounds from a Moro spear, and in the Bayang Cotta campaign in 1917, where he sustained a near fatal wound at the back of his head after he and his men performed a suicidal mission in which they had to place ladders beside the fortified cottas. It was in the latter campaign that he demonstrated extraordinary courage and leadership.Under his term, he established six settlements in South Cotabato namely  Koronadal, Banga, Tupi, Tampakan, Polomolok, and Buayan, thus, increasing Christian population in the region. As a tribute to his legacy in the area, the municipality of Buayan (formerly Dadiangas) was renamed General Santos, which, by virtue of Republic Act No. 5412 signed on July 8, 1968, was declared a city. A grave and monument of Gen. <mask> <mask> was unveiled in front of its City Hall on September 5, 1981 in General Santos, South Cotabato. The Koronadal section of the South Cotabato-Sarangani Road was also named as "General Santos Drive," while the radial road leading to the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa was also named as "Gen. Paulino <mask> Avenue" as an honor for his service as a former Director of the Bureau of Prisons. He was instrumental in the transfer of the prison to the present area. Taguig's main avenue, fronting Camp Bagong Diwa of the Philippine National Police, also a former Philippine Constabulary camp, and the City Hall was also similarly named as "General Santos Avenue."One of the urban Barangays of Koronadal is named after him using the initials of his rank and name, called as Barangay GPS, City of Koronadal (GPS - General <mask> <mask>)

As Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army, Major General <mask> is a pioneer in the Self Reliance Defence concept as early as the 1930s. Maj. Gen. <mask> intended to have all supplies for the new Commonwealth army made if possible in the Philippines. See also
<mask>

References

. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 20, 2016). National Historical Institute. Historical Markers: Regions V - XII. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1993.Gwekoh, Sol H. Hall of Fame. Manila Times. |-

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Philippine Army generals
Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs (Philippines)
Philippine Military Academy alumni
Filipino city founders
Military history of the Philippines
Filipino military personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Philippine Medal of Valor
1890 births
1945 deaths
Prisoners who died in Japanese detention
People from Tarlac
Armed Forces of the Philippines Medal of Valor
Quezon Administration personnel
Osmeña Administration personnel

masks:
Paulino Torres Santos Sr
Paulino Torres Santos
Remigio Santos
Santos
Santos
Rosa Santos
Santos
Santos
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Santos
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Santos
Santos
Santos
GM Santos
Santos
Santos
Santos
Santos
Santos
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Santos
General Santos


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<mask> FRS (10 March 1797 – 19 January 1876) was an English geologist and political economist as well as a Member of Parliament and magistrate for Stroud in Gloucestershire. While an undergraduate at Cambridge, through the influence of Edward Clarke and Adam Sedgwick he became interested in mineralogy and geology. During the winter of 1816–1817 he was at Naples, and was so keenly interested in Vesuvius that he renewed his studies of the volcano in 1818; and in the following year visited Etna and the Lipari Islands. In 1821 he married the daughter and heiress of <mask> of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, and assumed her name; and he entered the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in 1833 as MP for Stroud, retaining his seat until 1868. Meanwhile he began to study the volcanic regions of central France in 1821, and visited the Eifel district in 1823. In 1825 he published Considerations on Volcanos, leading to the establishment of a new theory of the Earth, and in the following year was elected FRS. This earlier work was subsequently amplified and issued under the title of Volcanos (1862); an authoritative text-book of which a second edition was published ten years later.In 1827 he issued his classic Memoir on the Geology of Central France, including the Volcanic formations of Auvergne, the Velay and the Vivarais, a quarto volume illustrated by maps and plates. The substance of this was reproduced in a revised and somewhat more popular form in The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France (1858). These books were the first widely published descriptions of the Chaîne des Puys, a chain of over 70 small volcanoes in the Massif Central. Scrope was awarded the Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society of London in 1867. Among his other works was the History of the Manor and Ancient Barony of Castle Combe (printed for private circulation, 1852). Biography

Early life
On 10 March 1797, <mask> Thomson was born in London to "John Thomson of Waverley Abbey, Surrey, and his wife, Charlotte" and was baptized under this name a few months later. John Thomson was the head of a successful trading firm (one source alluded that it was Roehampton and Austin Friars, London) that had dealings with Russia.His wife, Charlotte, was the daughter of well-to-do Doctor John Jacob of Salisbury. <mask> was the second son of John and Charlotte. Charles was the firstborn. The two brothers maintained a close friendship until Charles' "untimely death"   in a riding accident in Canada. <mask> and Charles cooperatively wrote Charles' autobiography. Not much has been documented about <mask>'s early and teen years, and his personal letters were left to his nephew Hugh Hammersley, but have been misplaced or destroyed. The sources reviewed by this researcher almost exclusively began with the circumstances of Thomson's birth and then resumed at his entry to Harrow at roughly thirteen years of age.Education
Thomson received his education at Harrow School, a privately funded public school in the Harrow district of London. After Harrow, Thomson was accepted to and enrolled at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1815. After a year he left Pembroke because he found that its science departments were lacking courses of interest to him. To sate his scientific appetite, he transferred to St John's College, Cambridge in 1816. Also, during this year Thomson "acquired the additional name Poulett, which his father had recently adopted from an earlier and aristocratic branch of his family." Once at St. John's, Thomson was introduced to Professors Edward Daniel Clarke and Adam Sedgwick who "gave him his lifelong interest in geology." At the time these men were in the early stages of their careers, Clarke having been made the first professor of mineralogy within the field of geology at St. John's; Sedgwick being known for his attention to detail and his naming of certain sections of the geologic time scale including the Cambrian.Thomson received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1821 in geology, after having performed several years of fieldwork in continental Europe. Social life
After a comfortable courtship, Thomson was married to Emma Phipps <mask> on 22 March 1821. She was the heiress of <mask> (phonetically Scroop) of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, which is north-east of Bath. She was also the great-granddaughter of Sir Robert Long, 6th Baronet. After a Royal Grant he assumed the name and arms of <mask>, in lieu of Thomson. The newly renamed <mask> <mask> and his wife resided at Castle Combe Manor House, which the <mask> family had owned since the fourteenth century. Emma had been disabled after a riding accident soon after the marriage, and no children were born of their union.Scrope had extensive alterations made to the 17th-century house and established formal gardens in the grounds. During the marriage, <mask> Scrope kept a mistress, an actress known as Mrs. Grey, in a comfortable existence in London. Around the year 1838 their son was born, whom they called Arthur Hamilton. Scrope sent his illegitimate son to Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford for his education, eventually securing a commission for him. In 1856, Emma and <mask> formally adopted Arthur as their son. After Emma's death in 1866, Scrope sold Castle Combe and moved to Fairlawn, near Cobham, Surrey. The following year he married Margaret Elizabeth Savage, who was forty-four years his junior.Both <mask> and Arthur survived him. Study of volcanoes
During the time he attended St. John's College, Scrope had his first real experiences with what would become his geologic specialty – volcanoes – and what would be called igneous petrology. During the winter break of 1817 through 1818, <mask> went on a vacation with his mother and father in Italy. In Naples he explored Mount Vesuvius and other areas of volcanism in the region. In 1825, Scrope became a secretary, jointly with Sir Charles Lyell, of the Geological Society of London. His later results from Auvergne were published for his 1826 election to the Royal Society. In 1853, Scrope was instrumental in the formation of and became the first president of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, contributing heavily to its magazine."[The] experience [in Naples] first aroused his lifelong fascination with volcanoes" and soon after his marriage to Emma Phipps he went on a series of expeditions in Auvergne, France, Southern Italy, the Pontine Islands, Eifel, and other areas of notable current or past volcanism. Scrope was present during the great Vesuvian eruption of 1822 which he deemed, according to his Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France, "by far the most important eruption of Vesuvius that ha[d] occurred during this century." Upon his return to England Scrope wrote, in an effort "to put [his] views clearly before the world as a contribution to sound knowledge and a step towards the demolition of ... errors still prevalent" in the theories related to volcanism and Neptunism. This work, Considerations on Volcanoes, written in 1825, "is regarded as the earliest systematic treatise on volcanology [and] the first attempt to frame a ... theory of volcanic action and ... show the part ... volcanoes have played in the Earth's History." At the time of publication, however, Considerations was not very well received. Scrope commented in his Geology and Extinct Volcanos that Sir Charles Lyell wrote his first essay in the Quarterly Review for May 1827 reviewing the work, and was one of the few who gave it any public praise. Scrope couldn't resist giving Lyell a little barb when he commented on Lyell's career as a critic as following "the path of geological generalisation which he has since so successfully pursued."Despite its initial poor reception, Considerations did help spark the curiosity of numerous other scientists and sent ripples in the Wernerian theory. According to Abraham Gottlob Werner, the first phase of the Earth's development featured a great global ocean. This ocean was hot, steamy, and full of suspended sediment that eventually precipitated and formed bedrock. After this, the global ocean supposedly cooled and settled to such a degree that it began to subside and eventually conform to match the features seen today. During this time of subsidence, mountains were left behind as artifacts of erosion or a similar mechanism. Scrope was not satisfied with this explanation of the presence and formation of rocks. He and many of his contemporaries were probably disturbed by the sense of utter finality, the idea that the earth was in a stage of winding down and would see no further development or change.<mask> spent much time performing research locally and discussing the matter with colleagues. In 1827, Scrope published his research from Auvergne in central France in his Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France. This work contained meticulously detailed drawings of basaltic column clusters, numerous panoramic views of valleys, and cross-sections of sedimentation and other types of stratigraphy. The work reads as a moving narrative, giving a very detailed road-map of analyzed data through the region. In response to the release of this work, Sir Charles Lyell spearheaded an expeditionary force soon after to corroborate <mask>'s findings and help build a case against Neptunism. After the group of natural philosophers returned, Lyell and Murchison confirmed the validity of Scrope's arguments. With the weight of their respective reputations and their findings behind him, Scrope ensured that "Werner's doctrine of the aqueous precipitation of basalt received from this work its death-blow."<mask> wrote later in his Geology and Extinct Volcanos that "The Wernerian notion ... has since that date never held up its head." Since his beginnings as a geologist, <mask> Scrope fostered a number of friendly relationships with some well-known natural philosophers. On his voyage and during the years since, Charles Darwin sent some letters to Scrope, checking certain geological observations and calculations he made, and made other general geology and scientific (in our modern terms) queries. These documents are mentioned by numerous sources, but were unavailable for review by this researcher. During the mid-1820s, <mask> <mask> came upon the greatest friendship of his life. Despite, and perhaps because of, Charles Lyell's objective appraisals of Scrope's first and certain subsequent works, the pair forged a strong friendship that lasted for the rest of their lives. While Lyell's uniformitarianist views were not to <mask>'s liking, he found solace in Professor Huxley's theories.One author described the early nineteenth century, the time of <mask> <mask> and Charles Lyell's early careers, as an "intellectual 'reign of terror'" which was the "consequence of the unreasoning prejudice and wild alarm excited by the early progress of geological inquiry." Most attempts to explain the past using current processes as a reference was, rather than through calm argument, met by social stigma and intolerance. This can be seen by the treatment of Hutton's Theory of the Earth, Hall's meticulously kept records and experiments, and Playfair's Illustrations. These arguments had "come to be inscribed in a social Index Expurgatorius [and] might have seemed to be consigned to total oblivion." The writer of <mask>'s Obituary in the Royal Society's Proceedings believed that "science is indebted for boldly encountering and successfully overcoming this storm of prejudice ... [<mask> and Lyell] accomplish[ed] the removal of geology from the domain of speculation to that of inductive science." Based on Scrope's various arguments, he became a Huttonian in that he did believe that causes in operation currently were able to have produced past geological changes – the present is a key to explaining the past. He rejected aqueous origins and Von Buch's elevation-crater theory – which held that craters were caused by the buckling of the crust below them.Because the friendship of <mask> and Lyell featured a "freedom of intercourse" it was of great value to the pair in fighting conventional thought and its errors. Lyell wrote favourable reviews of several of <mask>'s papers during the 1820s and 1830s, lending some of his considerable influence. Upon the release of Lyell's Principles of Geology, on parts of which he had extensive correspondence with Scrope, <mask> was "committed the congenial task of applying and driving home [their arguments]." To this end, the first and second volumes of Principles of Geology were introduced by "appreciative and discriminative notices in the Quarterly [Review]" which were written by his friend Scrope. The third edition of the series was also favourably reviewed by Mr. Scrope. Political career
Around the year 1821, Scrope was made a magistrate and was affected with the hardships of the agricultural laborer. "Thenceforth his interest in economic and political affairs, tho [sic] it did not exclude his interest in geology, was unabated."Scrope turned his considerable mind and talents of persuasion to the problems he saw. An unusually articulate magistrate, Scrope communicated his views on current problems in letters to magistrate colleagues and in many pamphlets. Over the course of his life, <mask> <mask> wrote more than seventy politically and economically charged pamphlets, earning him a common nickname of "Pamphlet Scrope." Scrope perhaps felt that his efficacy was limited if he remained only a local politician. In 1832, <mask> ran for the Parliamentary seat of Stroud, which he did not succeed in obtaining. However,  one of the successful candidates, David Ricardo, shortly accepted the Chiltern Hundreds for reasons of family health, and <mask> was returned for the seat unopposed. He remained active in politics until

masks:
George Julius Poulett Scrope
William Scrope
George Julius
George
George
George
Scrope
William Scrope
Scrope
George Poulett
Scrope
Scrope
George Poulett
George
Margaret Scrope
George
George
Scrope
Scrope
George Poulett
George Poulett
Scrope
George
George Poulett
Scrope
Scrope
Scrope
Scrope
Scrope
George
George Poulett
Scrope
Scrope
Scrope


text_chunks:
 1867.In the House of Commons, Mr. Scrope was not very vocal. He was, however, an avid writer. Professor Bonney, the original author of the Dictionary of National Biography'''s entry on Scrope, credited him with thirty-six papers on the subjects of volcanic geology and petrology. In his A Neglected English Economist: <mask> Scrope, Redvers Opie estimated that if his entries to places such as the Quarterly Review, which were largely anonymous, were to be figured into the list of his total works, then "there are extant over forty books, pamphlets, and papers on political economy" concerning both practical and theoretical issues. The first economic publication that can be definitely attributed to Scrope is "A Plea for the Abolition of Slavery in England, as produced by an illegal abuse of the Poor Law, common in the southern counties" which was written in 1829. Scrope was interested in the relationship between political economy and the other moral sciences. Scrope heavily contributed to the Quarterly Review’s Economic section."Scrope's articles had three main themes: (1) the failure of accepted political economy to give sufficient weight to changes in aggregate demand and to the resulting possibility that under some situations an artificial demand could put to use resources … otherwise unemployed." This essentially recommended that an artificially determined demand could stimulate available capital and the market. Secondly, Scrope lamented the "evil effects of falling prices on total production as well as on the distribution of income and the need for banking reform to raise prices on the existing gold standard." Scrope advocated that a tabular standard be instituted, allowing the banking system and the economy to keep up with the market. Jevons eventually aided in inserting the tabular standard, but gave large credit to <mask> and Lowe, who independently co-discovered it. The third primary theme of Scrope’s articles to the Quarterly Review, according to Frank Whitson Fetter, is the "fallacies of Malthusian population doctrine and of the current proposals for sweeping reform of the poor laws that were based on the acceptance of the Malthusian view [that they be administered to] discourage population increase." <mask> was an opponent of Ricardo's Malthusian ideas as well.Ricardo was an accomplished economist and a Member of Parliament for Port Arlington during the years 1819-1823. Scrope rejected Ricardo's definition of "rent theory" which was, according to the Wikipedia entry under Ricardo's name (cited below), "the difference between the produce obtained by the employment of two equal quantities of capital and labor." The model for this theory of rent essentially stated that while only one grade of land is used for agriculture, rent will not exist, but when multiple grades of land are being utilized, rent will be exacted on the higher grades and will increase with the rise of the grade. "As such, Ricardo believed that the process of economic development, which increased land utilisation and eventually led to the cultivation of poorer land, benefited first and foremost the landowners because they would receive the rent payments either in money or in product." To his Principles of Political Economy, deduced from the Natural Laws of Social Welfare, and applied to the Present state of Britain he prefixed it as a "Preliminary Discourse on the coincidence of the rights, duties and interests of man in society" in an effort to define "the true scope and limits of political economy, and also of establishing a ground-work of axiomatic principles with respect to the rights of individuals and the duties of governments." He felt that up to that point, such an endeavor had not whole-heartedly been made. Opie wrote that the pages devoted to natural principles "breathe the spirit of the eighteenth century," and can be seen in his fondness for Butler and Hume.Scrope was anti-anarchist and refused to allow certain extreme interpretations of "natural law" philosophy to lead him to it. And just as he avoided the finality of the Wernerian system, so too did he reject the "Panglossian stagnation which makes all things which are, eternal." Scrope, however, avoided the other extreme which was state paternalism. To counter arguments against these positions, he repudiated "whatever is, is right," if applied to actions of man or to justifications for existing institutions and their practices. Scrope felt that it was generally assumed that physical and mental satisfaction and happiness of man "'may be most materially influenced by his social arrangements and these arrangements are susceptible of great and indefinite … improvement.'" To <mask>t Scrope, the primary aim or goal in forming institutions should be to see to "'the greatest happiness of the greatest number [of parties].'" Scrope did not accept another utilitarian tendency in thought that "'every action of man has necessarily a selfish motive.'"While it is true that Scrope studied political economy, which examined the impact of production and distribution of wealth and the happiness of those parties involved, he was "frankly interested in welfare economics, altho [sic] aware of the indefiniteness of the end," using the available facts, vague though they may be, to make generalizations possible for the masses of data involved. The principles of this science are made up of things deducted from axioms relative to the emotions and actions of men. These actions, to <mask>ulett Scrope, are to be gleaned from observation of experience. Scrope made numerous appeals to experience in his discussions of natural rights. To Scrope, the general welfare was always in the back of his mind. "The right of property depends upon the 'principle of utility' which is itself … a generalisation per enumerationem simplicem." The same is true of the foundations of "free labour and free disposal of its produce."So while he saw that experience teaches that "aggregate production increases with the progress of division of labor … it also teaches that men will move to the point of maximum return for their effort." These concepts allow interesting interpretations to take place. Scrope followed the chain of experience to the conclusion that if the various parties involved are "left free to settle terms with each other" there will result a fair distribution of their claims on the joint produce. Thus the parties involved can, in this way, attempt to avoid a situation which currently may be associated with John Nash's equilibriums, where the squabbling of both parties minimizes the gains on either end. The outcome of these situations, if left to their course, may, so Scrope implies, reach a social optimum (another current term) where all parties involved seek to have secure gains on both sides – for the greater good. Scrope recognized the underlying self-interest in humans and realized that in the exercise of freedom of individual action, "'the unerring instinct of self-interest' has played its part in constructing a society more complexly coöperative than could be achieved by mortal design … [thus] Institutions must work with and not against the operation of self-interest" for society to thrive. With regards to poverty, Scrope seemed to prefer a "let's grow more food now and worry about declining population later" stand.To help this along, Scrope advocated emigration to the various British colonies as the strongest solution to the problem. He was, however, criticized for "treating emigration as a panacea for all social ills." Although Scrope did not have a particularly active political life, his brother Charles Thomson did. With much advising behind the scenes, Charles rose to political prominence and was eventually made Lord Sydenham. As part of his new duties, he was engaged in much economic and political discourse, for which he had quite a sound mind. He was responsible for implementing the Union Act in 1840, which united Upper Canada and Lower Canada as the Province of Canada. Eventually Charles became Governor General of Canada until his death in 1841.To his constituents, <mask> <mask> was deemed an "enlightened [aristocratic] landlord and a compassionate magistrate" and nationally he attacked the current poor laws and Malthusian doctrine. He expressed the view that the proper goal of the economist was to "promote social welfare, using the generation of wealth" as a means to this end. Later life

In his later years, Scrope began to withdraw from political life. His "decaying strength and increasing blindness compelled him to [retire]" and during this time he released new editions of earlier works. During these years he gave counsel and kind words, in addition to helpful hints in research methodology and direction, to many young geologists. Lyell was also stricken with progressive blindness, bringing another ironic note to the pair's friendship. Scrope received numerous accolades for his ventures in the fields of geology, politics, and history.His history of Castle Combe, written in 1852, is still accepted as an important work in such scholarship, and numerous pleasant comments regarding it were made in various Stroud and local media. Scrope also penned definitive biographies and analyses on local and national British figures during his lifetime, earning him honorable mention in numerous related publications. In 1867, for his groundbreaking work in geology, the Geological Society of London awarded <mask> <mask> the Wollaston Medal – their highest award. The death of Lyell, his lifelong best friend, left him a broken man and he soon followed on 19 January 1876. Judd, in his Academy obituary of <mask> <mask>, wrote that "born within a few months of one another, their deaths were separated by less than a year; 'lovely and pleasant in their lives, in their death they were not divided.'" Many would agree with Judd's statement that Scrope was an earnest worker in the task of "establishing the science of geology on a philosophical basis." References
Citations

Attribution

Further reading
"Scrope, <mask> Poulett."Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 2008. Burke, Sir Bernard. A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland. Harrison, Pall Mall: London.4 ed. Part II. 1863. Commons, John R. 1990. Institutional economics: Its place in political economy. Transaction Publishers: NY. Conklin, Edwin G. 1951."Letters of Charles Darwin and Other Scientists and Philosophers to Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. 1951." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95, no. 3: 220-221-222. Fetter, Frank W. 1958. "The Economic Articles in the Quarterly Review and Their Authors, 1809-52." I.The Journal of Political Economy 66, no. 1: 47-48-64. G., A.. "<mask>t <mask>, F.R.S.." Nature. Nature Publishing Group. 27 Jan. 1876: 241–242. (According to the DNB article on Scrope, "A. G." represents Archibald Geikie.) Hughes."SCROPE, <mask>t." Peerage.org website, 2008. Accessed 2008. Judd, J. W. 1876. "<mask>t Scrope." Academy 9, no. Jan/June 1876: 102-103.N/A. 1876-1877. "Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. v.25: i-ii-iv. N/A. <mask> Scrope, from a photograph.Database on-line. Available from Victorian and Edwardian Photographs - Roger Vaughan Picture Library, Geologists of the Geological Society of London (19th Century). Ref: PL 102. Opie, Redvers. 1929. "A Neglected English Economist: <mask> Scrope." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 44, no.1: 101-102-137. Page, L.E.. ed. 1970-1990. Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Scribner. Rudwick, Martin. "Scrope, <mask> Poulett."Oct 2007. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Accessed 1 March 2008. Rudwick, Martin. Nov. 1974. "<mask> Scrope on the Volcanoes of Auvergne: Lyellian Time and Political Economy." Article in The British Journal for the History of Science.44, no. 3: 205-242. Cambridge University Press and the British Society for the History of Science. <mask>, <mask>. The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France. New York: Arno Press Inc., reprint 1978. <mask>, <mask>. 1849. Suggested Legislation with a View to the Improvement of the Dwellings of the Poor.Piccadilly, London: James Ridgway. <mask>, <mask>. 1831. Extracts of Letters, From Poor Persons Who Emigrated Last Year to Canada and the United States. London: J. Ridgway; Chippenham, Wilts, Printed by R. Alexander. <mask>, <mask>. 1825. Considerations on Volcanos: The probable causes of their phenomena, the laws which determine their march, the disposition of their products, and their connexion with the present state and past history of the globe; leading to the establishment of a new theory of the earth. London: Printed and published by W. Phillips, <mask> Yard, Lombard Street; sold by W. & C. Tait, Edinburgh; and Hodges & McArthur, Dublin.<mask>, <mask>., and Sydenham, Charles Edward <mask> Thomson. 1844. Memoir of the Life of the Right Honourable Charles, Lord Sydenham, G. C. B. : With a Narrative of his Administration in Canada.'' London: J. Murray. Williams, Henry S. 1863-1963. A history of science. <mask>, G. P. (1872).Volcanos: The character of their phenomena, their share in the structure and composition of the surface of the globe, and their relation to its internal forces. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. External links

1797 births
1876 deaths
People from Farnham
People educated at Harrow School
English geologists
British volcanologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Wollaston Medal winners
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1847–1852
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs

masks:
George Poulett
Scrope
Scrope
George Poulet
George Po
George Poulett
Scrope
George Poulett
Scrope
George Poulett
Scrope
George Julius
George Poulet
Scrope
George Poulet
George Poulet
George Poulett
George Poulett
George Julius
Poulett
Scrope
George P
Scrope
George P
Scrope
George P
Scrope
George P
George
Scrope
George P
Poulett
Scrope


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1973) is a French contemporary artist whose medium is video, photography, drawings and installations. <mask> studied art at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, Paris from 1996 to 1999. She also studied philosophy at Lycée Pasteur & Sorbonne, Paris. She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France and lives and works in Paris. Education

She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France in 1973. She spent 1975–1991 in Rabat, Morocco. She studied philosophy and literature, Sorbonne, Paris 1993–1995, receiving his Lettres Supérieures, Lycée Pasteur, Neuilly-sur-Seine.She then studied at Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs, Paris during 1995–1999. Cimaise, Quai Voltaire, September–November
Gallery Guide Europe, Mur Animal, September, p. 26
Exporama, Regard sur l'Enfance, October, No.6
"Onirisme" Etapes, by Laetitia Sellam, April, No.143, p. 25–26
"French Connexion after Armory Show" Blast, Spring, No.24, p. 141–142

2006
"Organs and feelings" Le Monde 2, Michel Philippot, 9 December, p. 13
Enville, The Animal part, Caroline Bourrus, No.19, p. 44–49
De l'air, Was ist Freud ? 2009
Aveugles, photographic mix, color. Sentimentale Trinity, photo reel, sound, presented as a triptych, 3 projections, cycle. 2008
Her Dance, video, composed of four girls portrait, black and white, 20 min or 14 min. 2007
Fragile, Sunbeam, installation, mobile composed of 11 branches, photographs, mirrors, resin, son. Wounded Flowers, video, color, co-realized with Arnout Hulskamp, 8 min.Mur animal, composition of 41 photographs, 7 panels, komacel, glass, wood, 325 × 215 cm. Organic, photo reel, sound, of the Animale series, color, 2 min. 2006
Glowing Table, glass print, steel, design Matteo Fantoni. What-you-give-is-what-you-get, PDA video, color, Le Cube and Orange, 1 min. 2004–2010
Femmes d'Intérieur, photographs, photo reel, sound, color. 2004–2009
Ragazze, installation, video, sound, sensors and photographs, cycle continue, 9 min. 2003
Sentimentale, photographs and mix.2003–2010
Ceci est du verre, Ceci est une table, photographs printed on glass. 2002–2005
Animale, photographs, dealing with violence in life and influenced by Darwin's scientific research. 2002
Autisme, photographic work on mental diseases and physical handicaps. 2001
Trafiquante, photographic mix. 25 paintings, oil on canvas. 2000
Silence dans le fortin, director of photography, video, 52 min, color, Algeria, by Éléonore Weber. 3'10 avant, Super 16, color, La Field Cie / Canal +

1999–2010
Carnets, work on everyday life, drawings, photographs, collages.1999
Voyages à l'Est, photographs, barite paper print, black and white. Pas de Temps, Super 8, color, 5mn. 1998
Rêve & Réalité, Super 8, color, 20 min. A la recherche de…, drawings, texts and photographs about writer Philippe Sollers. 1997
Partie de Pêche, video, color, 4 min. Coup-les, with Sophie Fougère, Super 8, color, 3 min. Parking, video, black and white, 4 min.Le journal de 13h, co-realized with Pierrot Dunan, video, color, 3 min. Petite histoire, written by Sandra Matamoros, video, color, 2 min. Bonnie & Clyde, animation video, color, 1 min. La vie en Rose, sound track, 7 min, co-realized with Anri Sala. Awards
1999
Partie de Pêche, Canal+ award, Videoformes, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Pas de Temps, Nanterre's short film award

1997
Correspondences Indiennes, First Leica award.

masks:
Chloé Tallot
Tallot