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<mask> (born January 30, 1930) is an American retired actor and novelist. In a career that has spanned more than six decades, <mask> has won two Academy Awards, four Golden Globes, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and two BAFTAs. Upon the death of Sidney Poitier in 2022, <mask> became the oldest living and earliest surviving Best Actor Oscar-winner. Nominated for five Academy Awards, <mask> won Best Actor for his role as Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle in the critically acclaimed thriller The French Connection (1971) and Best Supporting Actor as "Little" Bill Daggett in Clint Eastwood's Western film Unforgiven (1992). His other nominations for Best Supporting Actor came with the films Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and I Never Sang for My Father (1970), with a second Best Actor nomination for Mississippi Burning (1988). <mask>'s other major film roles included The Poseidon Adventure (1972), The Conversation (1974), French Connection II (1975), A Bridge Too Far (1977), Superman (1978)—as arch-villain Lex Luthor, Hoosiers (1986), No Way Out (1987), Bat*21 (1988), The Firm (1993), The Quick and the Dead (1995),  Get Shorty (1995), Crimson Tide (1995), Enemy of the State (1998), Antz (1998), The Replacements (2000), Behind Enemy Lines (2001), The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), and Welcome to Mooseport (2004)—his final film role before retirement. Early life and education
<mask> was born in San Bernardino, California, the son of <mask> and Anna Lyda Elizabeth (née Gray).He has one brother, Richard. He has Pennsylvania Dutch, English, and Scottish ancestry; his mother was Canadian, and was born in Lambton, Ontario. His family moved frequently, finally settling in Danville, Illinois, where they lived in the house of his English-born maternal grandmother, Beatrice. <mask>'s father operated the printing press for the Commercial-News, a local paper. His parents divorced when he was 13 and his father subsequently left the family. <mask> decided that he wanted to become an actor when he was ten years old. <mask> lived briefly in Storm Lake, Iowa, and spent his sophomore year at Storm Lake High School.He left home at age 16 and lied about his age to enlist in the United States Marine Corps. He served four and a half years as a field radio operator. He was stationed in China (Qingdao and later in Shanghai). When the Communist Revolution conquered the mainland in 1949, <mask> was assigned to Hawaii and Japan. Following his discharge in 1951, he moved to New York City and had several jobs. His mother died in 1962 as a result of a fire she accidentally started while smoking. He began a study of journalism and television production at the University of Illinois under the G.I.Bill, but left and moved back to California. Career

Beginnings to the 1960s
In 1956, <mask> began pursuing an acting career. He joined the Pasadena Playhouse in California, where he befriended another aspiring actor, Dustin Hoffman. Already seen as outsiders by their classmates, <mask> and Hoffman were voted "The Least Likely To Succeed", and <mask> got the lowest score the Pasadena Playhouse had yet given. Determined to prove them wrong, <mask> moved to New York City. A 2004 article in Vanity Fair described <mask>, Hoffman, and Robert Duvall as struggling California-born actors and close friends, sharing NYC apartments in various two-person combinations in the 1960s. To support himself between acting jobs, <mask> was working at a Howard Johnson restaurant when he encountered an instructor from the Pasadena Playhouse, who said that his job proved that <mask> "wouldn't amount to anything".A Marine officer who saw him as a doorman said "<mask>, you're a sorry son of a bitch". Rejection motivated <mask>, who said,

<mask> got various bit roles, for example on the TV series Route 66 in 1963, and began performing in several Off-Broadway plays. In 1964 he had an offer to co-star in the play Any Wednesday with actress Sandy Dennis. This opened the door to film work. His first role was in Lilith, with Jean Seberg and Warren Beatty in the leading roles. In 1966 he played a small part as Dr. John Whipple in the epic film Hawaii. In 1967 he appeared in an episode of the television series The Invaders entitled "The Spores".Another supporting role, Buck Barrow in 1967's Bonnie and Clyde, earned him an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor. In 1968 he appeared in an episode of I Spy, in the role of "Hunter", in the episode "Happy Birthday... Everybody". That same year he starred in the CBS Playhouse episode "My Father and My Mother" and the dystopian television film Shadow on the Land. In 1969 he played a ski coach in Downhill Racer and an astronaut in Marooned. Also that year, he played a member of a barnstorming skydiving team that entertained mostly at county fairs, a movie which also inspired many to pursue skydiving and has a cult-like status amongst skydivers as a result: The Gypsy Moths. He nearly accepted the role of Mike Brady for the TV series The Brady Bunch, but his agent advised that he decline it in exchange for a more promising role, which he did. 1970s
<mask> was nominated for a second Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for his role in I Never Sang for My Father (1970).The next year, he won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as New York City Detective Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle in The French Connection (1971), marking his graduation to leading-man status. After The French Connection, <mask> starred in ten films (not including his cameo in Young Frankenstein) over the next three years, making him the most prolific actor in Hollywood during that time frame. He followed The French Connection with leading roles in the disaster film The Poseidon Adventure (1972) and Francis Ford Coppola's The Conversation (1974), which was nominated for several Oscars. That same year, <mask> appeared, in what would become one of his most famous comedic roles, as Harold the Blind Man in Young Frankenstein. He appeared as one of Teddy Roosevelt's former Rough Riders in the Western horse-race saga Bite the Bullet (1975). He reprised his Oscar-winning role as Doyle in the sequel French Connection II (1975), and was part of an all-star cast in the war film A Bridge Too Far (1977), playing Polish General Stanisław Sosabowski. <mask> showed a talent for both comedy and the "slow burn" as criminal mastermind Lex Luthor in Superman: The Movie (1978), a role he would reprise in its 1980 and 1987 sequels.1980s

<mask> alternated between leading and supporting roles during the 1980s, with prominent roles in Reds (1981)—directed by and starring Warren Beatty—Under Fire (1983), Hoosiers (1986) (which an American Film Institute poll in 2008 voted the fourth-greatest film of all time in the sports genre), No Way Out (1987) and Mississippi Burning (1988), where he was nominated for a second Best Actor Oscar. Between 1985 and 1988, he starred in nine films, making him the busiest actor, alongside Steve Guttenberg. 1990s
<mask> appeared with Anne Archer in Narrow Margin (1990), a remake of the 1952 film The Narrow Margin. In 1992, he played the sadistic sheriff "Little" Bill Daggett in the Western Unforgiven directed by Clint Eastwood and written by David Webb Peoples. <mask> had pledged to avoid violent roles, but Eastwood convinced him to take the part, which earned him a second Oscar, this time for Best Supporting Actor. The film also won Best Picture. In 1993, he appeared in Geronimo: An American Legend as Brigadier General George Crook, and co-starred with Tom Cruise as a corrupt lawyer in The Firm, a legal thriller based on the John Grisham novel of the same name.<mask> would appear in two other films based on John Grisham novels, playing convict Sam Cayhall on death row in The Chamber (1996), and jury consultant Rankin Fitch in Runaway Jury (2003). Other notable films <mask> appeared in during the 1990s include Wyatt Earp (1994) (as Nicholas Porter Earp, Wyatt Earp's father), The Quick and the Dead (1995) opposite Sharon Stone, Leonardo DiCaprio and Russell Crowe, and as submarine Captain Frank Ramsey alongside Denzel Washington in Crimson Tide (1995). <mask> played movie director Harry Zimm with John Travolta in the comedy-drama Get Shorty (1995). He reunited with Clint Eastwood in Absolute Power (1997), and co-starred with Will Smith in Enemy of the State (1998), his character reminiscent of the one he had portrayed in The Conversation. In 1996, he took a comedic turn as conservative Senator Kevin Keeley in The Birdcage with Robin Williams and Nathan Lane. 2000s
<mask> co-starred with Owen Wilson in Behind Enemy Lines (2001), and appeared in the David Mamet crime thriller Heist (2001), as an aging professional thief of considerable skill who is forced into one final job. He also gained much critical acclaim playing against type as the head of an eccentric family in Wes Anderson's comedy film The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), for which he received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.In 2003, he also starred in another John Grisham legal drama, Runaway Jury, at long last getting to make a picture with his long-time friend Dustin Hoffman. In 2004, <mask> appeared alongside Ray Romano in the comedy Welcome to Mooseport, his final film acting role to date. <mask> was honored with the Cecil B. DeMille Award from the Golden Globe Awards for his "outstanding contribution to the entertainment field" in 2003. Retirement from acting
On July 7, 2004, <mask> gave a rare interview to Larry King, where he announced that he had no future film projects lined up and believed his acting career was over. In 2008, while promoting his third novel, he confirmed that he had retired from acting. When asked during a GQ interview in 2011 if he would ever come out of retirement to do one more film, he said he might consider it "if I could do it in my own house, maybe, without them disturbing anything and just one or two people." He briefly came out of retirement to narrate two documentaries related to the Marine Corps: The Unknown Flag Raiser of Iwo Jima (2016) and We, The Marines (2017).Career as a novelist

Together with undersea archaeologist Daniel Lenihan, <mask> has written three historical fiction novels: Wake of the Perdido Star (1999), a sea adventure of the 19th century; Justice for None (2004), a Depression-era tale of murder; and Escape from Andersonville (2008) about a prison escape during the American Civil War. His first solo effort, a story of love and revenge set in the Old West titled Payback at Morning Peak, was released in 2011. A police thriller, Pursuit, followed in 2013. In 2011, he appeared on the Fox Sports Radio show The Loose Cannons, where he discussed his career and his novels with Pat O'Brien, Steve Hartman, and Vic "The Brick" Jacobs. Personal life
<mask>'s first marriage was to Faye Maltese. They had three children: Christopher Allen, Elizabeth Jean, and Leslie Anne <mask>. The couple divorced in 1986 after three decades of marriage.In 1991 he married classical pianist Betsy Arakawa; they have a home in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In the late 1970s, <mask> competed in Sports Car Club of America races, driving an open-wheeled Formula Ford. In 1983, he drove a Dan Gurney Team Toyota in the 24 Hours of Daytona Endurance Race. He also won the Long Beach Grand Prix Celebrity Race. <mask> underwent an angioplasty in 1990. <mask> is a supporter of the Democratic Party, and was proud to be included on Nixon's Enemies List. However, he has spoken fondly of Republican president Ronald Reagan.He is an avid fan of the Jacksonville Jaguars and regularly attended Jaguars games as a guest of then head coach Jack Del Rio. Their friendship goes back to Del Rio's playing days at the University of Southern California. In January 2012, the then 81-year-old <mask> was riding a bicycle in the Florida Keys when his bicycle was struck by a pickup truck. He made a full recovery, and was still an active bicyclist as of 2018, at the age of 88. Theatre credits
 The Premise improv theatre at The Premise, on Bleecker Street, NYC (1960/61)
 Children From Their Games by Irwin Shaw at the Morosco Theatre (April 1963)
 A Rainy Day in Newark by Howard Teichmann at the Belasco Theatre (October 1963)
 Come to the Palace of Sin by Michael Shurtleff at the Lucille Lortel Theatre (1963)
 Any Wednesday by Muriel Resnik at the Music Box Theatre and the George Abbott Theatre (1964–1966)
 Poor Richard by Jean Kerr with Alan Bates and Shirley Knight at the Helen Hayes Theatre (1964–1965)
 The Natural Look by Leonora Thuna at the Longacre Theatre (1967)
 Fragments and The Basement by Murray Schisgal at the Cherry Lane Theatre (1967)
 Death and the Maiden by Ariel Dorfman with Glenn Close and Richard Dreyfuss, directed by Mike Nichols, at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre (1992)

Filmography

Film

Television

Accolades

Asteroid 55397 <mask>, discovered by Roy Tucker in 2001, was named in his honor. The official  was published by the Minor Planet Center on May 18, 2019 (). Works or publications
 <mask>, <mask>, and Daniel Lenihan.Wake of the Perdido Star. New York: Newmarket Press, 1999. .
 <mask>, <mask>, and Daniel Lenihan. Justice for None. New York: St. Martins Press, 2004. .
 <mask>, <mask>, and Daniel Lenihan. Escape from Andersonville: A Novel of the Civil War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2008. .
 <mask>, <mask>. Payback at Morning Peak: A Novel of the American West.New York: Simon & Schuster Inc, 2011. .
 <mask>, <mask>. Pursuit.

masks:
Eugene Allen Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Eugene Ezra Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
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Hackman
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Hackman
Hackman
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Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
Hackman
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Hackman
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Gene
Hackman
Gene
Hackman
Gene
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Hackman
Gene


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<mask> (born 13 February 1986) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for KF Gjilani. <mask> started his career in Iraklis' youth squads. He also played for Olympiacos Volou, Odysseas Kordeliou, Panserraikos and Flamurtari Vlorë before returning to Iraklis in the summer of 2013. He has also been capped with Albania under-21 team. Club career

Early career
He began his career with Iraklis and was loaned out to Beta Ethniki club Olympiacos Volou in January 2009. Since January 2010 is playing for Olympiacos Volou after being released from Iraklis Thessaloniki FC. He was released by Olympiacos Volou in the summer of 2010 and he ended up in the 4th tier club Odysseas Kordeliou.On 10 June 2011, he signed for Panserraikos on a free transfer. Flamurtari Vlorë
In January 2012, Koliçi returned to his country and joined Albanian Superliga outfit Flamurtari Vlorë as a free agent, signing until the end of the season. He made his first ever Albanian Superliga appearance on 11 February in the away match against Kamza, keeping a clean sheet as Flamuratri won 1–0. Following the debut, he became first choice in goal and retained his spot until the end of the season, collecting 19 appearances, including 13 in league, as Flamurtari finished 4th in league, qualifying in the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round, and was eliminated in the semi-finals of Albanian Cup by Tirana. He made his European debut with the team on 5 July 2012 in the first leg against Honvéd. He also played in the returning leg on 12th, as Flamurtari suffered another defeat and was eliminated the aggregate 3–0. Three days later, Koliçi agreed a contract extension, signing until June 2013.Return to Iraklis
On 1 August 2013 he signed a two-year contract with Iraklis. He had to wait until 26 January of the following year to make his return debut, where he kept a clean sheet in an away win against Anagennisi Giannitsa. Olympiacos Volou
On 24 July 2014 Koliçi signed for Olympiacos Volou. He made his competitive debut on 12 October 2014 in the 0–2 home defeat to Zakynthos. During the course of 2014–15 season, Koliçi shared his spot with Alexandros Kasmeridis and Dimitris Rizos, and finished the season with only 8 league appearances, failing to keep a clean sheet. Kukësi

On 24 August 2015, Koliçi completed a transfer to Albanian Superliga side Kukësi by agreeing a one-year deal after initially refused to be on trial. He spent the first part of the season as Ervis Koçi's backup, and was used only in Albanian Cup where he made his debut in the first round against Naftëtari Kuçovë.His league debut would come later on 5 March of the following year in Kukësi's defeat of Vllaznia in Shkodër, entering in the 5th minute in place of injured Koçi. Koliçi retained his spot until the end of the season, making 13 league appearances, in addition 8 in Albanian Cup, including one in final where Kukësi defeated Laçi on penalties. <mask>si season on 30 June 2016 in first leg of UEFA Europa League first qualifying round against Rudar which ended in a 1–1 home draw. He kept a clean sheet in the returning leg as Kukësi progressed to the second round with the 2–1 aggregate. Kukësi then was eliminated in the second round by Austria Wien with the aggregate 5–1. On 5 August 2016, he extended his contract for another year. Later on 24 August, Koliçi begun the domestic season by playing in the 2016 Albanian Supercup against Skënderbeu Korçë, where Kukësi emerged victorious at Selman Stërmasi Stadium, aiding the club to win its first ever Albanian Supercup trophy.Koliçi played 28 league games during the 2017–18 season; he lost his starting place to Stivi Frashëri in mid-March 2018 following the arrival of manager Peter Pacult. He played his 100th Albanian Superliga match on 28 February in the 2–2 home draw against Skënderbeu Korçë. On 6 July 2017, Koliçi was not included in the UEFA Champions League squad for the first qualifying round tie versus Malta's Valletta. The following day he announced to have terminated the contract with the club and becoming a free agent. Return to Flamurtari Vlorë
On 26 July 2018, Koliçi signed a one-year contract with Flamurtari, returning in Vlorë after five years. Skënderbeu Korçë
In August 2019, Koliçi joined Skënderbeu Korçë as a free agent on a contract for the 2019–20 season. He made his debut in the opening championship week against his former side Flamurtari Vlorë on 24 August, keeping a clean-sheet in a 1–0 win at home.Gjilani
On 29 July 2020, Koliçi joined Football Superleague of Kosovo side Gjilani, on a two-year contract. International career
<mask> has made 12 appearances for Albania under-21 squad. He was part of the team in the qualifiers of 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. After remaining on the bench in the first two matches, <mask> was handed his debut on 8 September 2007 in the match against Croatia where he kept a clean sheet in an eventual 1–0 win. He second appearance came in the next match against Azerbaijan as Albania didn't get more than a 1–1 draw at Baku. Koliçi finished the campaign by making 7 appearances as Albania finished Group 1 in 4th position, failing thus to qualify for the main tournament. He received his first senior call up at Albania senior team for the friendly match against Georgia on 10 June 2009, where he featured in the game but was an unused substitute for the entire match.Koliçi returned to the national team after eight years in October 2017 to replace the injured Thomas Strakosha for the final 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification matches versus Spain and Italy. He was placed as the third goalkeeper and remained on the bench in both matches. Career statistics

Club

Honours

Club
Kukësi
 Albanian Cup: 2015–16
 Albanian Supercup: 2016
 Albanian Superliga: 2016–17

Individual
Albanian Superliga Player of the Month: February 2017

References

External links

<mask> Koliçi at the Albanian Football Association

1986 births
Living people
People from Pogradec
Albanian emigrants to Greece
Association football goalkeepers
Albanian footballers
Albania youth international footballers
Albania under-21 international footballers
Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C. players
Olympiacos Volou 1937 F.C. players
Panserraikos F.C. players
Flamurtari Vlorë players
FK Kukësi players
KF Skënderbeu Korçë players
Football League (Greece) players
Albanian Superliga players
Albanian Second Division players
Albanian expatriate footballers
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate footballers in Greece

masks:
Enea Koliçi
Koliçi
Koliçië
Koliçi
Koliçi
Enea


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<mask>; March 13, 1499 – January 3, 1543) was a maritime explorer best known for investigations of the West Coast of North America, undertaken on behalf of the Spanish Empire. He was the first European to explore present-day California, navigating along the coast of California in 1542–1543. Nationality

<mask>'s nationalityPortuguese or Spanishhas been debated for centuries. He was described as Portuguese by Spanish chronicler Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas; in his Historia General de los hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y tierra firme del Mar Oceano, written 60 years after <mask>'s death, Herrera referred to <mask> as <mask> . Several locations in Portugal claim to be his birthplace. However, the source for Herrera's description is unknown. Some historians have long believed that <mask> was from Spain, and a set of documents discovered in 2015 gave strength to that opinion.A witness from a 1532 lawsuit, named <mask> <mask>, testified under oath that he was born in Palma de Micergilio (now Palma del Río), a town in the province of Córdoba in Spain. Other details of the witness's biography match known facts about the explorer. A leader of San Diego's Portuguese community cautioned that the new evidence must be carefully evaluated, and requested that copies of the documents be turned over to the Portuguese government for study. Lapela, in the parish of Cabril and a municipality of Montalegre (Portugal), is the region where allegedly the nickname "Cabrilha" originated. It became the surname Cabrilho and was pronounced at the time Cabrilhe in Galician and Cabrillo in Spanish, according to the historian João Soares Tavares, biographer of João Rodrigues Cabrilho. The name still exists in Portugal as a surname, and several localities named Cabril in Beira Alta and neighboring regions as Castro Daire, Viseu or Pampilhosa da Serra have been claimed as Cabrillo's birthplace. In Lapela there is an ancient house where local tradition claims he was born.Local people, and alleged local descendants of branches of his ancient family with the same surname ("Rodrigues Cabrilho"), call the house Casa do Galego (House of the Galician) and Casa do Americano (House of the American). Voyages

Cabrillo shipped for Havana as a young man and joined forces with Hernán Cortés in Mexico (then called New Spain). Later, his success in mining gold in Guatemala made him one of the richest of the conquistadores in Mexico. According to his biographer Harry Kelsey, he took an indigenous woman as his common-law wife and sired several children, including at least three daughters. Later he married Beatriz Sanchez de Ortega in Seville during a hiatus in Spain. She returned to Guatemala with him and bore him two sons. Cabrillo benefited from the encomienda system.In Honduras, for example, he broke up families, sending the men to the mines for gold and to the forest to harvest materials he needed for shipbuilding. The women and girls he gave over to his soldiers and sailors, presumably as slaves. He accompanied Francisco de Orozco to subdue the indigenous Mixtec people at what would eventually become the city of Oaxaca, in Mexico. Little is known of what Cabrillo did there. In 1539, Francisco de Ulloa, who had been commissioned by Cortés, explored and named the Sea of Cortés (Gulf of California) and reached nearly as far north as the 30th parallel. Cabrillo was then commissioned by the new Viceroy of New Spain, Antonio de Mendoza, to lead an expedition up the Pacific coast in search of trade opportunities, perhaps to find a way to China (for the full extent of the northern Pacific was unknown) or to find the mythical Strait of Anián (or Northwest Passage) connecting the Pacific Ocean with Hudson Bay. Cabrillo built and owned the flagship of his venture (two or three ships), and stood to profit from any trade or treasure.In 1540, the fleet sailed from Acajutla, El Salvador, and reached Navidad, Mexico on Christmas Day. While in Mexico, Pedro de Alvarado went to the assistance of the town of Nochistlán, which was under siege by hostile natives, and was killed when his horse fell on him, crushing his chest. Following Alvarado's death, the viceroy took possession of Alvarado's fleet. Part of the fleet was sent off to the Philippine Islands under Ruy López de Villalobos and two of the ships were sent north under the command of Cabrillo. On June 27, 1542, <mask> set out from Navidad with three ships: the 200-ton galleon and flagship San Salvador, the smaller La Victoria (c. 100 tons), and the lateen-rigged, twenty-six oared "fragata" or "bergantin" San Miguel. On August 1, Cabrillo anchored within sight of Cedros Island. Before the end of the month they had passed Baja Point (named "Cabo del Engaño" by de Ulloa in 1539) and entered "uncharted waters, where no Spanish ships had been before".On September 28, he landed in what is now San Diego Bay and named it "San Miguel". A little over a week later he reached Santa Catalina Island (October 7), which he named "San Salvador", after his flagship. On sending a boat to the island "a great crowd of armed Indians appeared" – whom, however, they later "befriended". Nearby San Clemente Island was named "Victoria", in honor of the third ship of the fleet. The next morning, October 8, Cabrillo came to San Pedro Bay, which was named "Baya de los Fumos" (English: Smoke Bay). The following day they anchored overnight in Santa Monica Bay. Going up the coast Cabrillo saw Anacapa Island, which they learned from the Indians was uninhabited.The fleet spent the next week in the islands, mostly anchored in Cuyler Harbor, a bay on the northeastern coast of San Miguel Island. On October 18 the expedition saw Point Conception, which they named "Cabo de Galera". <mask>'s expedition recorded the names of numerous Chumash villages on the California coast and adjacent islands in October 1542 – then located in the two warring provinces of Xexo (ruled by an "old woman", now Santa Barbara County, California) and Xucu (now Ventura County, California). On November 13 they sighted and named "Cabo de Piños" (possibly either Point Pinos or Point Reyes), but missed the entrance to San Francisco Bay, a lapse that mariners would repeat for the next two centuries and more, most likely because its entrance is frequently shrouded by fog. The expedition may have reached as far north as the Russian River or even the Columbia before autumn storms forced them to turn back. Because of the vagueness of his description, it is uncertain which northern river the expedition sighted. Coming back down the coast, <mask> entered Monterey Bay, naming it "Bahia de Los Piños".On November 23, 1542, the little fleet arrived back in "San Salvador" (Santa Catalina Island) to overwinter and make repairs. There, around Christmas Eve, <mask> stepped out of his boat and splintered his shin when he stumbled onto a jagged rock while trying to rescue some of his men from attacking Tongva warriors. The injury became infected and developed gangrene, and he died on January 3, 1543 and was buried. A possible headstone was later found on San Miguel Island. His second-in-command brought the remainder of the party back to Navidad, where they arrived April 14, 1543. A notary's official report of <mask>'s expedition was lost; all that survives is a summary of it made by another investigator, Andrés de Urdaneta, who also had access to ships' logs and charts. No printed account of <mask>'s voyage appeared before historian Antonio de Herrera's account early in the 17th century.Namesakes and commemorations

His discoveries went largely unnoticed at the time, so none of his place names were permanently adopted. Despite this, <mask> is now remembered as the first European to travel the California coast, and many parks, schools, buildings and streets in California bear his name. Most notably, the National Park Service operates Cabrillo National Monument, overlooking the bay and ocean from Point Loma in San Diego, commemorating his first landing in California and offering views of San Diego and the Pacific Ocean. The monument features a larger-than-life statue of <mask>, donated by the government of Portugal, as well as a plaque honoring him donated in 1935 by the Portuguese ambassador to the United States. A museum in the park focuses on Cabrillo and his voyages of discovery. Every September Cabrillo Festival Inc. hosts the Cabrillo Festival, an annual three-day celebration of his discovery of San Diego Bay, including a re-enactment of his landing at Ballast Point. Another Cabrillo Monument is located on San Miguel Island.In the state of California, September 28 is officially "Cabrillo Day". A civic organization of Portuguese-Americans primarily in California is called the Cabrillo Club. In northern California, the Point Cabrillo Light is named after him. San Pedro, part of the city of Los Angeles, has Cabrillo Beach and the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium. Schools named for him include Cabrillo College in Aptos, California, high schools in Lompoc and Long Beach, and several middle and elementary schools. The portion of California State Route 1 that runs from Las Cruces in Santa Barbara County north to San Francisco is called the Cabrillo Highway. The Cabrillo Bridge and Cabrillo Freeway (California State Route 163) running through San Diego's Balboa Park are also named for him.There are streets named for him in many cities in California. The SS Cabrillo was a wooden steamer launched in 1914 to serve as a ferry across the San Pedro Channel to Santa Catalina Island. It was later requisitioned by the United States Army and served as a troop transport in northern California during World War II. In 1992, the United States Postal Service issued a 29¢ stamp in honor of Cabrillo. San Salvador replica
The Maritime Museum of San Diego, in partnership with Cabrillo National Monument, has built a full-sized, fully functional, and historically accurate replica of <mask> Cabrillo's flagship, San Salvador. The construction of the replica was based on historical and archeological research into early Spanish and Portuguese shipbuilding techniques. The construction was carried out in full public view on the shores of San Diego Bay by professional boat builders, assisted by scores of volunteers.Her keel was laid in April 2011; her first official public unveiling was in September 2015 when she led a parade of tall ships. The replica ship now sails on regular tours in the waters  the Southern California coast as an educational historical resource. Footnotes

References
Kelsey, Harry. 1986. <mask> <mask>. The Huntington Library, San Marino
Cabrillo National Monument Foundation. 1999 "An Account of the Voyage of <mask> Cabrillo."Tavares, João Soares, 1998, " João Rodrigues Cabrilho um Homem do Barroso? ", Lisboa, Portugal
 Tavares, João Soares, 2009, "Montalegre e o descobridor da Costa da Califórnia", Editora Cidade Berço, Guimarães, Portugal
Kramer, Wendy, 2018, El español que exploró California: <mask> <mask> (c.1497–1543) De Palma del Río a Guatemala. Editorial Córdoba, Esp. (Diputacion de Córdoba, Spain)

External links

Instituto Camões
Cabrillo National Monument
San Salvador build site at the Maritime Museum of San Diego
Port of San Diego Celebrates Milestone in Construction of Historic Ship Replica
San Diego History Center – Summer Fall 2016, Volume 62, Number 3 & 4

1490s births
1543 deaths
16th-century explorers
People of New Spain
16th-century Portuguese people
Navigators
The Californias
Channel Islands of California
Pre-statehood history of California
1540s in Mexico
1542 in New Spain
Year of birth missing
Spanish exploration in the Age of Discovery
Spanish conquistadors
Spanish conquests in the Americas
Spanish explorers of the Pacific
Spanish explorers of North America
Portuguese explorers of the Pacific
Portuguese explorers of North America
Explorers of California
Namesakes of San Francisco streets

masks:
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Juan Rodriguez Co
Cabrillo
Juan Rodriguez
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Cabrillo
Juan Rodriquez
Juan Rodríguez
Cabrillo
Juan Rodriguez
Juan Rodríguez
Cabrillo


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<mask> (February 8, 1862 – March 18, 1917) was a Hungarian painter and leading member of the Nagybánya artists' colony. He was among several artists who went to Munich for study in the late nineteenth century, where he attended free classes by the Hungarian painter, Simon Hollósy. Upon his return to Hungary, Ferenczy helped found the artists colony in 1896, and became one of its major figures. <mask> is considered the "father of Hungarian impressionism and post-impressionism" and the "founder of modern Hungarian painting." He has been collected by the Hungarian National Gallery, which holds 51 of his paintings, as well as other major and regional institutions, including the Ferenczy Károly Museum, founded in his birthplace of Szentendre, and private collectors. In 1966 the Hungarian National Gallery had a major exhibition of the colony's work: The Art of Nagybánya. Centennial Exhibition in Celebration of the Artists' Colony in Nagybánya.In November 2011, it opened a large retrospective of Ferenczy, featuring him for six months, to enable more viewers to appreciate the breadth of his work. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in 1862 to a Hungarian-Jewish family in Vienna, Austria. His mother died soon after he was born. He first studied law and completed a degree from the College of Economy. His future wife, Olga Fialka, encouraged Ferenczy to explore painting and he traveled in Italy. After studying in Paris in 1887 and starting to paint in Hungary, in 1893 he took his young family to Munich. They lived there until 1896, while he studied with the Hungarian painter Simon Hollósy and the circle of young artists around him.Marriage and family
He married Olga Fialka, also a painter. He went to study at the Académie Julian in Paris in 1887. In 1889 he and his wife settled in Szentendre, a small town near Budapest. They had two sons and a daughter together: Valér (b. 1888) and Béni and Noémi, fraternal twins born in 1890. Olga gave up her painting to support her family and husband's career. Among <mask>'s 51 works held by the Hungarian National Gallery are portraits of his children, including one of the three of them as young adults, and one of Noémi and Béni at age 18.All the children became artists; Valér became a painter, Noémi founded modern Hungarian tapestry, in which she became a "master", and Béni Ferenczy became a sculptor. Career
In Hungary, Ferenczy started painting in a naturalistic style, as he had been influenced by Jules Bastien-Lepage. Seeking more training, he took his young family with him to Munich in 1893, the art center of Central and Eastern Europe. They lived there until 1896. There he encountered Simon Hollósy, a Hungarian painter not much older than he, who ran free classes that were more open to new influences than those at the Munich Academy. Hollósy encouraged an appreciation of French painters and their techniques, including en plein air painting. Ferenczy met the young Hungarian artists István Réti and János Thorma in Hollosy's circle in Munich, and the men collaborated on their ideas.Returning to Hungary in 1896, <mask> joined Réti and Thorma at Nagybánya, and they persuaded Hollósy to bring his classes there. They founded an artists' colony in Nagybánya (today Baia Mare, Romania) where they taught and mentored many Hungarian artists. Even in the first years, Ferenczy had a studio in Budapest during the winter, which he maintained throughout his career. <mask>'s first exhibit in 1903 in Budapest marked his entry into making a living as an artist. In 1906, the painter was offered a teaching position at the Hungarian Royal Drawing School, now the Hungarian University of Fine Arts. He returned to Nagybanya in summers to teach, and has been strongly associated with the colony. His studio paintings were most important to his art, and he painted a traditional array of genres: nudes, still lifes, the urban scenes of circus performers.By his own work and his teaching, Ferenczy is considered the "father of Hungarian impressionism and post-impressionism" and the "founder of modern Hungarian painting." In his later years, Ferenczy painted subjects ranging from portraits, to nudes, and Biblical scenes. In this period, "[t]he reconciliation of the abstract aesthetic ideal with sensual beauty became a central concern of his art." Ferenczy was highly productive, and he worked in a variety of materials and genres. In November 2011, a major retrospective exhibition opened for six months at the Hungarian National Gallery, featuring nearly 150 paintings and 80 prints and drawings, together with about 50 documents (photographs, letters, catalogues and books) related to his art and life. It was the first major exhibit of his work in nearly a century. The works were drawn from private holdings as well as public collections.Exhibits
2011, The Retrospective Exhibition of <mask> <mask> (1862-1917), 30 November 2011 - 17 June 2012, Hungarian National Gallery
2009 "Munich in Hungarian, Hungarian Artists in Munich 1850-1914, 2 Oct 2009 - Jan 2010", Hungarian National Gallery
1991-1992, Standing in the Storm: The Hungarian Avant-Garde from 1908-1930, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, California
1966, The Art of Nagybánya. Centennial Exhibition in Celebration of the Artists' Colony in Nagybánya. Legacy and honours
1972, the Ferenczy Museum was founded in Szentendre, to honour all the artists in the family, an effort led by his daughter-in-law Erszi Ferenczy, widow of Béni. (It is now named the Ferenczy Károly Múzeum, after the most prominent member.) 1993, the Ferenczy Family Foundation was set up by Erszi Ferenczy to preserve the works of the family and educate people about them. Gallery

Notes

Further reading
Boros, Judit, “Kép és Érósz – Ferenczy Károly utolsó festői korszaka [Image and Eros: The Last Period of Károly Ferenczy's Art],” <mask> <mask> (1862-1917) gyűjteményes kiállítása [The Retrospective Exhibition of <mask> Ferenczy], eds. Judit Boros and Edit Plesznivy, Budapest: Hungarian National Gallery, 2011, pp.49–66. [summary in English: p. 67.] External links

 Works by <mask> Ferenczy

1862 births
1917 deaths
Artists from Vienna
Hungarian Impressionist painters
Hungarian realist painters
Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery
Hungarian University of Fine Arts faculty
19th-century Hungarian painters
19th-century male artists
20th-century Hungarian painters
20th-century male artists
Hungarian male painters

masks:
Károly Ferenczy
Ferenczy
Károly
Ferenczy
Ferenczy
Ferenczy
Ferenczy
Károly
Ferenczy
Ferenczy
Károly
Károly
Károly


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<mask> (born October 23, 1946) is a Cuban-American lobbyist and former politician who served as a United States Senator from Florida from 2005 to 2009 and as general chairman of the Republican Party from November 2006 until October 19, 2007. Previously, <mask> served as the 12th Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President George W. Bush. <mask> is a Cuban-American and Roman Catholic. He announced he was resigning as general chairman of the Republican National Committee on October 19, 2007. <mask> resigned his United States Cabinet post on August 12, 2004, to run for the open U.S. Senate seat in Florida being vacated by retiring Democratic Senator Bob Graham. <mask> secured the Republican nomination and narrowly defeated the Democratic nominee, Betty Castor. His election made him the first Cuban-American to serve in the U.S. Senate.Furthermore, he and Ken Salazar (who is Mexican-American)  were the first Hispanic U.S. Senators since 1977. They were joined by a third, Bob Menéndez (who is also Cuban-American) in January 2006, until Salazar resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2009, to become Secretary of the Interior. On December 2, 2008, <mask> announced he would not be running for re-election to the Senate in 2010. On August 7, 2009, CNN and the Orlando Sentinel reported that <mask> would be resigning from his Senate seat. Later that month, Governor Charlie Crist announced that he would appoint George LeMieux as the successor to <mask> for the remaining year and a half of the Senate term. Two weeks after <mask> resigned his Senate seat, The Hill reported that he would become a lobbyist and partner at international firm DLA Piper.He left DLA Piper in August 2010 to become chairman of Chase Bank Florida and its operations in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Martinez is currently chairman of the Southeast and Latin America for JPMorgan, Chase & Co. <mask> also serves as a co-chair of the Housing Commission at the Bipartisan Policy Center. Early life
<mask> was born in Sagua La Grande, Cuba, the son of Gladys V. (Ruíz) and <mask> C<mask>. He came to the United States in 1962 as part of a Roman Catholic humanitarian effort called Operation Peter Pan, which brought into the U.S. more than 14,000 children. Catholic charitable groups provided Martinez a temporary home at two youth facilities. At the time <mask> was alone and spoke virtually no English. He graduated from Bishop Moore High School in 1964.He subsequently lived with two foster families, and in 1966 was reunited with his family in Orlando. <mask> received an associate degree from Orlando Junior College in 1967, a bachelor's degree in international affairs from Florida State University, and his Juris Doctor degree from Florida State University College of Law in 1973. He began his legal career working at the Orlando personal injury law firm Wooten Kimbrough, where he became a partner and worked for more than a decade. During his 25 years of law practice in Orlando, he was involved in various civic organizations. He served as vice-president of the board of Catholic Charities of the Orlando Diocese. Early political career

In 1994, <mask> ran for Lieutenant Governor of Florida. He teamed up with future Family Research Council President Ken Connor, the gubernatorial candidate.The <mask> ticket was defeated in the Republican primary, finishing fifth with 83,945 votes, or 9.31% of the vote. On November 3, 1998, <mask> was elected Orange County Chairman (during <mask>'s tenure the position was relabeled mayor). While in office, <mask> implemented what became known as the "<mask> doctrine" which prohibits development from taking place unless adequate public infrastructure, specifically school capacity, is able to support such development. The doctrine was challenged in court, but its legality was upheld when the Florida Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal to a lower court's ruling. <mask> served as mayor through the end of 2000. Before becoming Secretary of HUD, <mask>  served on the Governor's Growth Management Study Commission. He previously served as president of the Orlando Utilities Commission, on the board of directors of a community bank, and as chairman of the Orlando Housing Authority.Serving as co-chairman of then-Texas Gov. George W. Bush's 2000 presidential election campaign in Florida, <mask> was a leading fundraiser. He was one of the 25 electors from Florida, who voted for Bush in the 2000 election. While serving as HUD Secretary, <mask> sat as an ex officio member of the President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Kitty have three children named (<mask>, <mask>, and <mask>) and five grandchildren. He is the brother of Rafael E<mask>. <mask> resides in Orlando.U.S. Senate election, 2004
In November 2004, <mask> was the Republican nominee in the U.S. Senate election to replace retiring Democrat Bob Graham. Much of <mask>'s support came from Washington: he was endorsed early by many prominent Republican groups, and publicly supported by key national Republican figures such as Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist. His Cuban background and his popularity in the battleground Orlando, Florida, region both contributed to his appeal to the statewide GOP in Florida. But Internet magazine Salon reported that <mask> wanted to run for governor in 2006, though the GOP convinced him to run for the Senate two years earlier instead. Primary
<mask>'s nomination by the Republican Party was far from certain. He was seriously challenged by former Congressman Bill McCollum. McCollum criticized <mask>'s background as a plaintiff's attorney, and many Republicans initially feared that <mask>'s nomination would destroy the GOP's ability to criticize Democratic vice presidential nominee John Edwards' background.<mask> was also said to be soft on tort reform, a major Republican issue in the 2004 race. After a McCollum surge in the final weeks leading up to the primary, <mask> fought back in the last week of the race, putting out mass mailings and television ads that called McCollum "the new darling of homosexual extremists," pointing out that McCollum had sponsored hate crimes legislation while a member of the House of Representatives. <mask> pulled some of the more offensive ads from the air after a personal appeal from Governor Jeb Bush, but never disavowed them. The St. Petersburg Times took the extraordinary step of revoking its endorsement of <mask> in the Republican primary and endorsing McCollum. In the Republican primary on August 31, <mask> won a decisive victory over McCollum (45 to 31 percent). Shortly afterward, he spoke alongside President Bush at the 2004 Republican National Convention on September 2. During part of his tenure in the Senate, <mask> sat at the Candy desk.General election
<mask> defeated his Democratic opponent, Betty Castor, in a very close election that was preceded by numerous negative television ads from both campaigns. <mask>'s margin of victory was small enough that a winner was not declared until Castor conceded the day after the election. Twelve of Martinez's 25 stops on taxpayer-funded domestic trips as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in 2003 were to Florida cities, at the same time that he was also campaigning for Senate in Florida. President Bush won in Florida by 52%-47%, but <mask> only won 49.5%-48.4%, with a margin of about 70,000 votes. <mask> did much worse than Bush in the Tampa area, such as in Hillsborough, and Pinellas counties, and in smaller counties such as Liberty and Lafayette. The only counties that <mask> won that Bush did not were Orange and Miami-Dade. Campaign reporting violation
In August 2006, the <mask> campaign acknowledged that the 2004 campaign had been under review by the Federal Election Commission for more than a year.Following the 2004 election, <mask> originally reported that his $12-million campaign had about $115,000 in debt, according to FEC documents. But a revision showed his campaign instead owed $685,000 in election expenses. The campaign spent about $300,000 in accounting and attorney's fees related to the 2004 campaign. On October 28, 2008, Republican Sen. <mask> agreed to pay $99,000 in fines for his campaign's failure to comply with federal election laws, including its acceptance of excess contributions, records show. An FEC audit found <mask>'s campaign accepted a total of $313,235 in contributions that exceeded limits from 186 donors. The fine was agreed to by the FEC on Sep 10 and was posted a month later in its database. The organization Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed a complaint with the Federal Elections Commission (FEC) in August 2006 that alleged <mask>i for Democratic Senator Bill Nelson's 2006 re-election campaign. In April 2007, the FEC notified CREW it had reviewed the allegations against Bacardi, the <mask> campaign and the Nelson campaign, found no reason to believe any of the alleged violations occurred, and closed the matter. Staffing controversies

On April 6, 2005, <mask> accepted the resignation of his legal counsel, Brian Darling, who was responsible for writing and circulating the Schiavo memo related to the Terry Schiavo case. <mask> immediately denied all knowledge of Darling's involvement in the situation, noting that he himself had inadvertently passed a copy of the memo to Democratic Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa, believing that it was nothing more than an outline of the Republican proposal. <mask> asserted that the memo "was intended to be a working draft," stating that Darling "doesn't really know how I got it." The Schiavo memo is the third incident in which <mask> accepted broad responsibility while laying blame upon a staffer for the underlying deed.During the Republican primary, a staffer was blamed for a passage in a campaign flyer painting his opponent Bill McCollum as a servant of the "radical homosexual lobby." Shortly thereafter another staffer was blamed for labeling federal agents involved in the Elián González affair as "armed thugs." In spite of <mask>'s vocal objections to homosexual issues such as gay marriage, he employed two gay men in his 2004 Senate campaign. Republican National Committee

In November 2006, <mask> was named general chairman of the Republican Party for the 2007–2008 election cycle (Mike Duncan handled the day-to-day operations). Some felt the choice was made in part due to the dip in support for Republicans among Latino voters in the 2006 midterm elections. Some conservatives objected to <mask>'s selection,

masks:
Melqudes Rafael Ruiz Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Melqudes
. Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Connor Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Mel Martínez
Lauren Martínez
John Martínez
Andrew Martínez
. Martínez
Mel Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Mel Martínez
Martínez
Martínezcard
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez


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 citing his positions on immigration and their general lack of enthusiasm for his performance as senator. <mask> stepped down from this position on October 19, 2007.Published works

In August 2008, <mask> released an autobiography titled A Sense of Belonging; From Castro's Cuba to the U.S. Senate, One Man's Pursuit of the American Dream. The book was written by <mask> with Ed Breslin (Crown Publishing, August 2008) . The book Immigrant Prince is a biography about <mask> written by Richard E. Foglesong, the George and Harriet Cornell Professor of Politics at Rollins College (University Press of Florida, April 2011) . Lobbying Spanish government officials on behalf of U.S.A

Three months into Barack Obama's presidential term, the Administration tapped Senator <mask> to deliver a private message to Spanish government officials in order to thwart a probe into former Bush Administration officials for rendition and torture of Guantanamo detainees which the U.S was failing to investigate. According to Carol Rosenberg, "The cause for alarm at the U.S. Embassy was what a U.S. diplomat called a 'well documented' 12-inch-tall dossier compiled by a Spanish human rights group. In the name of five Guantánamo captives with ties to Spain, it accused the Bush legal insiders of laying the foundation for abuse of detainees in the months following the September 11, 2001, attacks. The six accused are: former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales; David Addington, former chief of staff and legal adviser to the Vice President; William Haynes, former DOD General Counsel; Douglas Feith, former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy; Jay Bybee, former head of the DOJ Office of Legal Counsel; and John Yoo, a former member of Bybee's staff.On April 15, 2009, <mask> met with Acting Foreign Minister Angel Losada on a visit to the Spanish foreign ministry, where he warned that an investigation would have consequences, and "that prosecutions would not be understood or accepted in the U.S. and would have an enormous impact on the bilateral relationship." Lossada told <mask> that he understood the complications but "the independence of the judiciary and the process must be respected", and "that the executive branch of government could not close any judicial investigation and urged that this case not affect the overall relationship, adding that our interests were much broader, and that the universal jurisdiction case should not be viewed as a reflection of the Spanish Government's position." Following the outreach, the Spanish Attorney General Cándido Conde-Pumpido's press chief told the media that the Prosecutor's office will deliver the AG's recommendation to the National Court, where it will be up to investigating judge Baltasar Garzon to decide whether to pursue the case or not. Baltasar Garzon has been an outspoken critic of the Guantanamo Bay detention facility and has publicly stated that former President George W. Bush should be tried for war crimes. In April 2010, on the advice of the Spanish Attorney General Cándido Conde-Pumpido, who believes that an American tribunal should judge the case (or dismiss it) before a Spanish Court ever thinks about becoming involved, prosecutors recommended that Judge Garzon should drop his investigation. As CNN reported, Mr. Conde-Pumpido told reporters that Judge Garzon's plan threatened to turn the court "into a toy in the hands of people who are trying to do a political action." Positions
 Abortion: Rated 100% by National Right to Life Committee, which indicates a pro-life stance.Morally opposed to abortion even in case of rape or incest, he supports education to reduce abortions, and supports the promotion of alternatives such as adoption. His position on the legality of abortion is unclear, but he has indicated that he would not vote for prosecuting involved parties even in the event of a reversal of Roe v. Wade. In a debate moderated by Tim Russert, <mask> stated:

"The bottom line is I don't plan on prosecuting anyone. When I go to the United States Senate, I'm going to be confirming judges who will go to the courts, and the courts will deal with the issue. This is not up for a vote by the United States Senate." He added, "We're far from prosecuting people in this country over that issue"

 Economy: Supports free trade generally; supports tax cuts; advocates lowering regulation of employers and reducing liability insurance burdens. Education: Supports No Child Left Behind Act; advocates more standardized testing; supports school voucher programs; supports English-only education.Immigration: In his 2004 campaign, <mask> said "Our immigration policy should first and foremost ensure the security of our great Nation and those individuals posing a terrorist threat should be prevented from entering our country. I strongly oppose amnesty for illegal aliens; our immigration laws should not reward lawlessness" and "I oppose amnesty for illegal aliens. I support a plan that matches workers with needy employers without providing a path to citizenship. Immigration to this country must always be done through legal means" In a 2006 after election platform reversal, he helped craft the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 that would be referred to by much of his own party as "amnesty". (see  On June 28, 2007, he would later vote for the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 – which he helped form with other Senate leaders – that would allow many illegal immigrants to become citizens. The bill was defeated through being denied cloture on the Senate floor. Environment: Supports funding state conservation preservation funding without raising taxes; supports opening up maximum amount of Forest Services federal land for hunting and shooting sports; supports "voluntary incentives" legislation to make it easier for private landowners to set aside land for hunting, shooting, and conservation purposes.Foreign policy
 Cuba: Critical of Cuba's human rights record; supports tightening travel and strengthening the economic and trade blockade against Cuba; supports U.S. government funding of persons in Cuba who are opposed to current Cuban government; opposes foreign aid to countries that oppose U.S. policies; Advocates closure of Guantanamo Bay detainment camp Senator <mask> is also a member of the Congressional Cuba Democracy Caucus
 Iraq: Supports the Bush Doctrine, but has asserted that the U.S. erred in hastily dismantling the Iraqi Army. Israel: Supports Israeli self-determination; supports close ties between U.S. and Israel
 Health care: Supports private Medicare and Social Security accounts for new workers; advocates more thorough investigations of Medicare fraud; supports reimportation of drugs from Canada. Homeland security: Opposes base closures in Florida; advocates maintaining "the strongest military in the world." Even to the point of spending additional funds to keep Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates in service even after they have lost their air defense missile capabilities. Religion: Supports free exercise of religion; opposes "removing all public displays of religious devotion" from society. Same-sex marriage and gay rights: Supported an amendment to the United States Constitution to ban same-sex marriage. In June 2006, he was quoted on the matter regarding not amending the Constitution, thus leaving each State to come up with its own laws, "It isn't good enough to say, 'Leave it up to the states.'... If we leave it up to the states we will see the erosion of marriage that we've seen by activist courts, which we otherwise will not see if we protect the institution of marriage at the federal level". He opposed legislation that would prevent employers from firing gays, and has declined to endorse anti hate crimes legislation. In 2006, Kansas U.S. Senator Sam Brownback blocked a confirmation vote on a George W. Bush federal appeals court nominee from Michigan, judge Janet T. Neff, objecting to her joining the bench solely for her having attended a same-sex commitment ceremony in Massachusetts in 2002 which involved a next door neighbor who was a close childhood friend of Neff's daughters. In July 2007, he finally lifted his block that had prevented the vote, and Brownback was joined in opposition by just three other conservatives, including Senator Martinez. Senior Citizens: Lead sponsor of legislation to create a nationwide Silver Alert program to help locate missing seniors.U.S. Supreme Court nominations: Has voted in favor of all three nominees who were nominated during his Senate tenure: John Roberts (2005), Samuel Alito (2006), and Sonia Sotomayor (2009). Welfare: Supports Republican-style welfare reforms encouraging personal responsibility; supports programs for job training and retraining. Public housing: Supports providing housing for peoples of a needy situation: physically, mentally, as well as financially. When secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Senator <mask> played a large part in the construction of housing and continued to do so as a junior senator. On January 25, 2008, <mask> endorsed Sen. John McCain in the Florida Republican primary of the 2008 presidential election, citing McCain's understanding of national security and economic and foreign policy. McCain subsequently won the primary. Electoral history

See also
List of foreign-born United States Cabinet members
List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress
List of United States senators born outside the United States

Footnotes

External links

 Republican Party General Chairman Senator <mask>
 New York TimesMelquíades Rafael Martínez News collected news and commentary
 Profile at SourceWatch
 <mask> for US Senate, Campaign site

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1946 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century Roman Catholics
Bishop Moore High School alumni
American politicians of Cuban descent
American Roman Catholics
Cuban emigrants to the United States
Exiles of the Cuban Revolution in the United States
People from Sagua la Grande
Florida lawyers
Florida Republicans
Florida State University alumni
Florida State University College of Law alumni
George W. Bush administration cabinet members
Hispanic and Latino American members of the Cabinet of the United States
Hispanic and Latino American members of the United States Congress
Knights of Malta
Living people
People with acquired American citizenship
Republican National Committee chairs
Republican Party United States senators
2000 United States presidential electors
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
United States senators from

masks:
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Mel Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
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Mel Martínez
Mel Martínez


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<mask> (born 30 August 1966) is an Australian composer. <mask> writes concert music (chamber and orchestral works) as well as music theatre and has collaborated with artists on a number of installation and video projects. Her work reflects her interests in Asian ritual culture, the aesthetics of Aboriginal art and shows the influence of non-Western music performance practice. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Perth, Western Australia, to Chinese parents. They were doctors who during her early years spent long periods working and studying in Brunei, and she was sent to boarding school. At the age of 11, she was encouraged by her teachers at Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne to turn from piano and violin to composition. She has said that she "owes everything to them".<mask> earned her Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Queensland, her Master of Music from the University of Melbourne (1996), and her Bachelor of Arts from the Victorian College of the Arts (1986). She has studied composition in Melbourne with Richard David Hames, Riccardo Formosa, and in Amsterdam with Ton de Leeuw. Career
<mask> has been a guest lecturer at the Darmstadt Summer School, the University of California, San Diego, Cornell University, Getty Research Institute, major Australian universities and at the IRCAM Agora Festival. She was a lecturer of composition at Melbourne University in 1991. <mask> was the guest curator for the twilight concert series of the 2006 Adelaide Festival of Arts. <mask> has been commissioned by some of the most eminent performers in the world including the Los Angeles Philharmonic (for whom she wrote Ecstatic Architecture for the inaugural season of the Frank Gehry-designed Walt Disney Concert Hall), Ensemble InterContemporain, Ensemble Modern, BBC Symphony Orchestra, Arditti String Quartet and the Cikada Ensemble. Her work has featured at festivals such as , MaerzMusik at the Berliner Festspiele, Venice Biennale, Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival and all the major Australian festivals.Since 1986, <mask> has worked extensively with members of the ELISION Ensemble; she is married to Daryl Buckley, its artistic director. In 2005, <mask> was appointed the composer-in-residence with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra for two years. Among other works, the orchestra commissioned—jointly with the radio station Bayerischer Rundfunk—her work The Compass; in its premiere performance on 23 August 2006 at the Sydney Opera House it was conducted by Alexander Briger, William Barton played the didgeridoo. Sponsored by the German Academic Exchange Service, she spent one year in 2007/2008 as artist-in-residence in Berlin where she developed her third opera, The Navigator, inspired by Tristan and Isolde to a libretto by Patricia Sykes. She was appointed professor in composition at the University of Huddersfield in March 2008. In March 2017 her appointment to the composition unit at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music was announced. Selected works

Stage works
 1991–93 The Oresteia.|-
|rowspan="2"| 2007 || Flying Banner (After Wang To) (<mask>) – Sydney Symphony, Gianluigi Gelmetti (conductor) || Orchestral Work of the Year ||
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|<mask> – Sydney Symphony Composer Residency || Outstanding Contribution by an Individual ||

Don Banks Music Award
The Don Banks Music Award was established in 1984 to publicly honour a senior artist of high distinction who has made an outstanding and sustained contribution to music in Australia. It was founded by the Australia Council in honour of Don Banks, Australian composer, performer and the first chair of its music board. |-
| 2018
| <mask>
| Don Banks Music Award
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1996 Australia Council fellowship
1996 (inaugural) Young Australian Creative Fellowship
2002 APRA Classical Music Award (Best Composition)
2004 Paul Lowin Award for Ecstatic Architecture

References
Composer's page on ELISION Ensemble website

External links

Australian Music Centre: biography, catalogue of works, recordings, digital samples, articles
Recordings at Amazon
<mask>'s new opera at the Opéra national de Paris
Publisher's website: <mask> at Ricordi

1966 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
APRA Award winners
Australian expatriates in Brunei
Australian expatriates in England
Australian expatriates in Germany
Australian expatriates in the United States
Australian women classical composers
Australian opera composers
Women opera composers
Living people
Victorian College of the Arts alumni
20th-century women composers
21st-century women composers

masks:
Liza Lim
Lim
Liza Lim
Lim
Lim
Lim
Lim
Lim
Lim
Liza Lim
Liza Lim
Liza Lim
Liza Lim
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<mask> (born 12 December 1981) is a former Indian international cricketer who played in all formats of the game. He is an all-rounder who batted left-handed in the middle order and bowled slow left-arm orthodox, and is known for his aggressive batting style and all-round ability. He has won 7 Player of the Series awards in ODI cricket, which is joint 3rd highest by an Indian, shared with former Indian captain Sourav Ganguly. He is also the son of former Indian fast bowler and Punjabi actor <mask>. <mask> was a member of the Indian cricket team in One Day Internationals (ODIs) between 2000 and 2017 and played his first Test match in October 2003. He was the vice-captain of the Indian ODI team between 2007 and 2008. In a match against England at the 2007 World Twenty20, he famously hit six sixes in one over bowled by Stuart Broad — a feat performed only three times previously in any form of senior cricket, and never in an international match between two teams with Test match status.In the same match, he set the record for the fastest fifty in Twenty20 Internationals and in all T20 cricket, reaching 50 runs in 12 balls. During the 2011 World Cup, he became the first player to take a 5-wicket haul and score a 50 in the same World Cup match. He took a total of 15 wickets and scored 362 runs during the runs and won the man of the tournament award. In 2011, <mask> was diagnosed with a cancerous tumor in his left lung and underwent chemotherapy treatment in Boston and Indianapolis. In March 2012, he was discharged from the hospital after completing the third and final cycle of chemotherapy and returned to India in April. He made his international comeback in a Twenty20 match in September against New Zealand shortly before the 2012 World Twenty20. In 2012, <mask> was conferred with the Arjuna Award, India's second highest sporting award by the Government of India.In 2014, he was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour. At the 2014 IPL auction Royal Challengers Bangalore bought <mask> for an all-time high price of 14 crore and, in 2015, the Delhi Daredevils bought him for 16 crore making him the second most expensive player ever to be sold in the IPL until Chris Morris was sold to the Rajasthan Royals for a record 16.25 crore in February 2021. In February 2014, he was honoured with FICCI Most Inspiring Sportsperson of the Year Award. On 10 June 2019, <mask> announced his retirement from all forms of International cricket. He last represented India in June 2017, against the West Indies. His request for a return to domestic cricket and IPL was turned down by BCCI for participating in Global T20 League in Canada and T10 league. Early years and personal life
<mask> was born in a Punjabi Sikh family to Yograj <mask>, a former India cricketer, and Shabnam <mask>.Tennis and roller skating were <mask>'s favourite sports during his childhood and he was quite good at both. He had also won the National Under-14 Roller Skating Championship. His father threw away the medal and told him to forget skating and concentrate on cricket. He would take <mask> to training every day. <mask> studied at the DAV Public School in Chandigarh. He completed his graduation degree in commerce from DAV College, Panjab University, Chandigarh. He also did two short roles as child star in Mehndi Sagna Di and Putt Sardara.In 2015, <mask> got engaged to Hazel Keech and married her in November 2016. In February 2021, he purchased a luxury pent-house in Chattarpur, South Delhi. Career

Youth career
<mask> began his career with Punjab Under-16s at the age of 13 years and 11 months in November of the 1995–96 season against Jammu and Kashmir-16s. In 1996–97, <mask> was promoted to Punjab Under-19s and scored 137 not out against Himachal Pradesh Under-19s. <mask> made his first-class debut in late-1997 against Orissa during the 1997–98 Ranji Trophy but was dismissed for a duck opening the innings. His first break-out performance came in the Under-19 Cooch Behar Trophy Final of 1999 against Bihar at Jamshedpur; Bihar were all out with a score of 357 and <mask> batted at three for Punjab and made 358 runs himself. <mask> represented India in the series against Sri Lanka Under-19s in India in February 1999.In the third ODI, <mask> scored 89 runs from 55 balls. In 1999-2000 Ranji Trophy, he scored 149 against Haryana. In the 2000 Under-19 Cricket World Cup which India won under the captaincy of Mohammad Kaif, <mask>'s all-round performance earned him the Player of the Tournament award and a call-up to the national squad. His performance in the tournament included 68 off 62 and 4/36 against New Zealand in a group stage match, and a quickfire 58 off 25 balls against Australia in the semifinal. <mask> was subsequently selected in 2000 for the first intake of cricketers in the National Cricket Academy in Bangalore. International breakthrough
<mask> was selected in the Indian squad for the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy on the back of his impressive performances for the Under-19 team. He made his international debut against Kenya in the pre-quarterfinal.He bowled four overs conceding 16 runs but did not get to bat. In the quarterfinal match against Australia, <mask> won the man of the match for his innings of 84 out of 80 balls, against a pace attack consisting of Glenn McGrath, Brett Lee and Jason Gillespie, that helped India win by 20 runs. In the semifinal against South Africa, he scored 41 and picked 1/15. He scored only 14 against New Zealand in the final which India lost. The tournament was followed by a tri-series involving India, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. <mask> scored just 55 runs in five innings at an average of 11. <mask> averaged 15.50 in the ODI series against the touring Zimbabwe side in December 2000 after which he was dropped from the team.<mask> made his comeback during the 2001 Coca-Cola Cup in Sri Lanka. He scored a crucial 98* against Sri Lanka in the fifth match of an otherwise disappointing series with the bat. However, he proved to be useful with the ball as he took 8 wickets at an average of 27. In the Standard Bank triangular series involving hosts South Africa, India and Kenya, <mask> managed to score only 69 runs from 6 innings, including a duck in the final against South Africa. Following this, Dinesh Mongia and Hemang Badani were chosen over <mask> in the squad for the home series against England in January 2002. <mask> returned to domestic cricket in early 2002. After a disappointing run in the Ranji knockouts, <mask> struck 209 for North Zone against South Zone in a Duleep Trophy match in March 2002.He was immediately drafted into the national squad for the final two ODIs against Zimbabwe with India trailing the series 1–2. <mask> made an impact in his return match at Hyderabad, scoring an unbeaten 80 off just 60 balls, taking India to a five-wicket win and levelling the series. He won the Man of the Match award for his efforts. In the final ODI at Guwahati, <mask> made 75 runs from 52 balls, sharing a 157-run fifth-wicket partnership with Mongia who scored his career-best unbeaten 159, to help India post a total of 333 in their 50 overs. India went on to win the game by 101 runs and the series 3–2. 2002 NatWest Series
After winning the ODI series in the West Indies 2–1, where <mask> managed scores of only 1 and 10, the Indian team toured England in June for the NatWest triangular series, featuring England, Sri Lanka, and India, and a four-match Test series against the hosts. In the first match at Lord's, <mask> won the man of the match for his all-round performance (3/39 and 64*) as India successfully chased down England's total of 271.In the next match against Sri Lanka, he scored 31 and shared a crucial 60-run sixth-wicket partnership with Mohammad Kaif to set up another successful run-chase. India's next match against England was washed out due to rain after <mask> had scored an unbeaten 40 off 19 balls to take India to 285/4 in their 50 overs. <mask>'s knock of 37, along with a fifty from Rahul Dravid, helped India recover from 59/4 to reach a target of 188 posted by Sri Lanka. This win eliminated Sri Lanka from the series with another round of matches still to be played. <mask> had scores of 5 and 8 in the final round of matches but proved to be useful with the ball as he picked one wicket in each of the two games. At the end of the round-robin matches, India topped the points table with 19 points while England finished second with 15 points. The final was played at Lord's on 13 July between India and England.After winning the toss and electing to bat first, England posted a daunting total of 325/5 in 50 overs. In reply, India was struggling at 146/5 at the end of 24 overs, when Kaif joined <mask> at the crease. The pair initially stabilised the innings and later scored at a brisk rate. The pair shared a partnership of 121 runs for the sixth wicket which came to an end when <mask> was dismissed for 69 off 63 balls when he top-edged a sweep shot in the 42nd over off the bowling of Paul Collingwood resulting in a simple catch to Alex Tudor at short fine leg. India went on to win the game by two wickets with three balls to spare. This was India's first win in the final of an ODI tournament since 2000, after nine consecutive defeats. This win is regarded as one of India's greatest victories in ODI cricket.Highs and lows
<mask> batted in two games of the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy which was held in Sri Lanka in September. He scored 3 against Zimbabwe in the opening match, and 62 in the semifinal against South Africa. In November 2002, <mask> struggled in the first five games of the 7-match ODI series against West Indies, with a high score of 30. He returned to form in the sixth ODI at Jodhpur with a half-century that helped India win the match by three wickets and level the series 3-3. He top-scored for India in the 7th match with a 69-ball 68, but could not get support from any other batsman. India crashed to a 135-run defeat and lost the series. He struggled for runs in the seven-match ODI series in New Zealand in December 2002-January 2003, averaging just above 19 with a solitary fifty.Despite his average form leading up to the 2003 ICC Cricket World Cup in South Africa, <mask> secured a place in the 15-man Indian squad for the tournament. He scored 37 in India's opening match against Netherlands. In the following games, he had scores of 0, 1 and 7* against Australia, Zimbabwe and Namibia respectively. He then scored a brisk 42 against England, followed by an unbeaten 50 against Pakistan setting up wins for India in both games. In the Super Six stage of the tournament, <mask> had scores of 58* against Kenya and 5 against Sri Lanka. He scored 16 in the semifinal against Kenya, and 24 against Australia in the final. <mask> scored his maiden ODI century (102* from 85 balls) against Bangladesh at Dhaka on 11 April 2003.In May 2003, <mask> was signed-up by the Yorkshire County Cricket Club for the 2003 county season. He became only the second Indian after Sachin Tendulkar to represent the county. <mask>'s Test debut came on 16 October 2003 at his home ground Mohali against New Zealand. Batting at six, he scored 20 in the first innings, and 5* in the second innings. In the TVS Cup tri-series in October–November 2003 involving India, Australia and New Zealand, he scored 113 runs from 7 games at an average of 18.83 and top-score of 44. <mask> returned to form in early-2004 in the tri-series involving Australia and Zimbabwe. He scored 314 runs from 8 innings at an average of 39.25, including his second ODI hundred - 139 runs from 122 balls, with 16 fours and two sixes - against Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground.He had a mixed tour of Pakistan in March–April 2004. He disappointed in the ODI series with 141 runs from 5 matches, averaging just over 28, but found success in the Test series. In the first Test at Multan, he scored 59 - his maiden Test fifty - as India registered an innings win. He also picked his maiden Test wicket during Pakistan's second innings. In the second Test at Lahore, <mask> scored his maiden Test century during India's first innings while the rest of the batting line-up struggled against the bowling of Umar Gul. <mask>'s score of 112 came from just 129 deliveries with 15 fours and two sixes. He made only 12 runs in the second Test as Pakistan levelled the series after winning the match by 9 wickets.He scored 47 in the final Test at Rawalpindi where India secured the series with another innings victory. However, he suffered a drop in form in the latter half of 2004 with batting averages of 31 in the 2004 Asia Cup, 12.33 in the Natwest Series in England and just 4.50 in the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy. In October 2004, after the first two Tests of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, he was dropped from the Test squad as his dismal run with the bat yielded just 47 runs from the two matches. Despite <mask>'s loss in form, he continued to be a regular feature in the Indian ODI team. In the Platinum Jubilee Match against Pakistan in November 2004, he scored a 62-ball 78 in a losing cause. In December 2004, Yuvraj scored 94 runs at an average of 31.33 in the three-match ODI tour of Bangladesh including a quickfire knock of 69 from 32 balls in the final ODI at Dhaka. He had a disappointing ODI series at home against Pakistan in April 2005, scoring 98 runs in six matches at 19.60.Return to form
In July–August 2005, <mask> was the leading run-scorer for India in the 2005 Indian Oil Cup triangular series in Sri Lanka also

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 involving the hosts Sri Lanka and West Indies. He scored 192 runs in four matches, averaging 48. He also recorded his third ODI century during the series - 110 runs from 114 balls - against the West Indies at Colombo for which he was adjudged the man of the match. <mask> then played in the Videocon Cup in August–September 2005, a triangular series involving India, New Zealand and the hosts Zimbabwe. He averaged 54 with the bat in the series, scoring 216 runs from 5 matches. He scored 120 in the final round-robin match against Zimbabwe at Harare, helping India recover from 36/4 to successfully chase down a target of 251. It was his fourth ODI hundred and he won the man of the match award for his efforts.In the two-match Test tour of Zimbabwe that followed the tri-series, <mask> scored 12 and 25 runs. In October–November 2005, <mask> had a quiet seven-match ODI series at home against Sri Lanka. He managed just 124 runs in six innings at an average of 31 with a top-score of 79*. In November 2005, <mask> scored 103 in the first ODI against South Africa at Hyderabad to take India from 35/5 to a respectable total of 249/9, and won the man of the match award despite South Africa winning the game by five wickets. He picked 1/17 and remained not out in the second ODI at Bangalore, before the third match at Chennai was washed out due to rain. He scored 53 and 49 in the final two matches at Delhi and Ahmedabad respectively, and the series was drawn 2-2. <mask> and South African captain Graeme Smith were jointly awarded the man of the series award as both of them scored 209 runs at 69.66, finishing as the joint-highest run-scorers of the series.<mask> had a mixed home Test series against Sri Lanka in December 2005 as he registered two ducks and two half-centuries. He scored 0 & 77* in the second Test at Delhi, and 0 & 75 in the third Test at Ahmedabad as India won both the matches by comfortable margins. <mask> was picked in both Test and ODI squads for the Pakistan tour in January–February 2006. The first two Tests were drawn and <mask> batted only once, in the second Test, scoring 4. In the third Test at Karachi, he top-scored for India in both innings. After scoring 45 in the first innings, he went to score his second Test hundred in the second innings (122 runs from 144 balls). India lost the match by 341 runs and the series 1–0.In the one-day series, he continued his good form. He scored a 28-ball 39 in the first ODI at Peshawar which Pakistan won by 7 runs by the Duckworth–Lewis method. He scored an unbeaten 82 in the second match at Rawalpindi taking India to an emphatic 7-wicket win, before scoring an unbeaten 79 in the third game at Lahore and helping India successfully chase the target of 289. In the low-scoring fourth match at Multan, he scored 37 as India took the series with a five-wicket victory. In the fifth and the final ODI at Karachi, <mask>, batting at three, hit his sixth ODI century. His innings of 107* which came off 93 balls with 13 boundaries helped India comfortably chase down a target of 287 while losing only two wickets. He won the man of the match award for this innings and was also adjudged player of the series.Against England, <mask> averaged 21.33 in two Tests in March but proved to be successful with both bat and ball in the ODI series in which he again won the player of the series award. During the series, he won the back-to-back man of the match awards in the third and fourth ODIs. In the third match, he made 103 from 76 balls, and in the fourth match, he picked 2/34 and scored 48. He scored a total of 237 runs in the series at an average of 47.40 and took 6 wickets with his part-time bowling. On India's tour of the West Indies, <mask> hit two fifties in the ODI series. In the second ODI at Kingston, with India needing two runs to win with one wicket in hand and three balls to spare, <mask> was bowled by Dwayne Bravo for 93. India went on to lose the series 4–1.His poor run of form in Tests continued, with him scoring 104 runs from four matches at an average of 17.33 and a top-score of 39. In September 2006, <mask> was dropped from the playing eleven during the 2006-07 DLF Cup in Kuala Lumpur after he registered two consecutive ducks against Australia and West Indies. He played in two group matches of the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy held in India in October. and scored 27* against England and 27 against West Indies. During a training session before India's final group fixture against Australia, <mask> suffered a ligament injury in his left knee. Dinesh Mongia replaced him for the match which India lost to crash out of the tournament. In November, Indian team physio Andrew Leipus suggested that <mask> was unlikely to recover from the injury before the start of the World Cup in March 2007.<mask> was not named in any of the Indian squads that toured South Africa in late 2006. In January 2007, less than two months before the World Cup, he made a comeback from injury for the last two matches of the four-match ODI series against West Indies, but did not make much of an impact in either game. Despite concerns over his fitness, <mask> was selected in the 15-man Indian squad for the 2007 Cricket World Cup, with chief selector Dilip Vengsarkar confirming that <mask> was fit. He featured in the last two matches of the four-ODI series against Sri Lanka in February 2007, and struck an unbeaten 83-ball 95 in the deciding final game at Visakhapatnam. India won the match by seven wickets and the series 2–1. <mask> made 47 in India's first match of the World Cup, a shock defeat to Bangladesh. In India's next group match at Port-of-Spain against World Cup debutants Bermuda, he hit 83 off 46 balls to help India post a total of 413/5, the highest total in World Cup history at the time.After their emphatic against Bermuda, India were left with a must-win final group fixture against Sri Lanka. Chasing 255 to win the match, <mask> was run out for 6, as India were bowled out for 185 and made an early exit from the World Cup. In the three-match ODI series against South Africa in Ireland, <mask> took 3 for 36 and scored an unbeaten 49 in the second ODI before winning man of the match for his unbeaten 61 in the series-deciding final game. On India's tour of England, <mask>
<mask> was the vice-captain of the Indian squad at the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa. In India's Super 8 match against England at Durban, he hit six sixes in an over off Stuart Broad. In the process, he reached the fastest fifty ever in a Twenty20 game, off just 12 balls, which was also the fastest in any form of international cricket.This was the fourth time that six sixes had been hit in one over in senior cricket, the first time in Twenty20 cricket, and the first time in any form of international cricket against a bowler from a Test playing nation. He finished his innings with 58 runs off 16 balls and won the man of the match. <mask> missed the next game against South Africa due to a minor  but recovered before the semifinal against Australia. In the semifinal, he top-scored with 70 off 30 balls and also hit the longest six of the tournament () off the bowling of Brett Lee). The knock later was named the Best Twenty20 Batting Performance
of 2007 by ESPN Cricinfo. India won the match as <mask> was awarded another man of the match award. He was dismissed for 14 in the final against Pakistan but India went on to win by five runs and win the tournament.All players of the victorious Indian team were given a cash reward of 80 lakh by the BCCI while <mask> was rewarded with an additional 1 crore as well as a Porsche 911 by the BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi. He was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' by Cricinfo for the 2007 T20I World Cup. In September 2007, Mahendra <mask>i and <mask> were named ODI captain and vice-captain respectively, following the resignation of Rahul Dravid. <mask> scored 121 at Hyderabad in a losing cause in the third of the seven ODIs against Australia, but accumulated only 71 in the other six matches of the series. He enjoyed a return to form in India's home ODI series against Pakistan in November 2007. He scored four half-centuries in five matches, averaging 68, and was named player of the series as India won the series 3–2. He was also fined for showing dissent in the final match in Jaipur.Although <mask> was included in Indian squad for the subsequent Test series against Pakistan, Test captain Anil Kumble said that <mask> "will have to wait a little bit more to become a regular member in the Test squad." He did not feature in the playing eleven in the first two matches, but was picked in the third Test at Bangalore to replace an injured Sachin Tendulkar. Batting first, India was 61/4 before <mask> and Sourav Ganguly shared a 300-run fifth-wicket partnership, and <mask> recorded his highest Test score of 169 off 203 balls, while Ganguly went on to score 239 which was also his highest score in tests. For his performances in 2007, he was named in the World ODI XI by Cricinfo. He was also named in the World T20I XI by Cricinfo. <mask> had a poor Test series against Australia in Indian tour to that country in 2007/08. After his poor showing in the first two Tests, he was dropped for the remainder of the series.In November 2008, he hit 138 not out from 78 balls against England at Rajkot, taking 64 balls to reach his century which at the time was the second fastest by an Indian in ODIs after Mohammad Azharuddin's century in 1988 against New Zealand came off 62 balls. After reaching 50 from 42 balls, he added an additional 88 runs in the next 36 balls. He did so despite straining his back, which necessitated the use of Gautam Gambhir as a runner. This was followed by a score of 118 off 122 balls and bowling figures of 4/28, with all of his wickets being specialist batsmen, in the next match in Indore, earning him two consecutive man of the match awards. <mask> scored 85 not out and put on an unbroken partnership of 163 with Sachin Tendulkar to defeat England in the First Test at Chennai in December 2008. It was the fourth highest successful run chase in history and the highest in India. <mask> scored a quick, unbeaten 54 in the second innings of the Napier Test against New Zealand to help India save the game after following on.India preserved their series lead and went on to win the series 1–0. For his performances in 2008, he was named in the World ODI XI by the Cricinfo. For his performances in 2009, he was named in the World ODI XI by the ICC. <mask> was dropped from the Asia Cup following the team's return from the World Twenty20 in West Indies. A drop in form, disciplinary issues and fitness were talked of as the reasons for his exclusion, but he made a return for the series against Sri Lanka. With Suresh Raina scoring a century on Test debut and Cheteshwar Pujara making a compelling case for higher honours with consistent first-class performances, <mask> was dropped from the Test squad for the two-match series against Australia. Golden World Cup
<mask> had a dream run at the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup, where he scored 362 runs including one century and four fifties, took 15 wickets, won four Man of the Match awards, the joint-most along with Sri Lanka's Aravinda de Silva in 1996 and South Africa's Lance Klusener in 1999, and was also adjudged the Player of the Tournament.In the process, he became the first allrounder to score 300-plus runs and take 15 wickets in a single World Cup. In India's match against Ireland, he became the first player to take 5 Wickets and score 50 runs in a World Cup match. He also took his 100th ODI wicket with the dismissal of Wesley Barresi in the World Cup match against the Netherlands. He later took 2/44 and scored 57 runs against defending champions Australia in the quarter finals, earning him the Man of the Match award. Yuvraj had respiratory difficulties through 2011 and in May he withdrew from the ODI series in the West Indies due to an illness. His issues began with breathing difficulties, nausea and bouts of vomiting blood. He toured England but had to return home after breaking his finger in the Nottingham Test and later played two home Tests against West Indies.However, he then pulled out of the ODI series against West Indies in November citing an abnormal tumor in his lung. <mask> had originally targeted the CB series in Australia for his return to international cricket. After the World Cup he was diagnosed with a cancerous tumor stage-1 in his left lung and underwent chemotherapy treatment at the Cancer Research Institute in Boston, United States as well as the Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center in Indianapolis, Indiana where he was cared for by famed oncologist Dr. Lawrence Einhorn. For his performances in 2011, he was named in the World ODI XI by the ICC and Cricinfo. He was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2011 World Cup by the ICC and Cricinfo. Cancer diagnosis and comeback
<mask>'s cancer was detected by a Russian doctor in 2011. In March 2012, <mask> was discharged from hospital after completing the third and final cycle of chemotherapy and returned to India in April.After his chemotherapy sessions treating seminoma in Indianapolis, <mask>'s cancer showing full signs of remission, and he aimed at resuming cricket at the World Twenty20. The selectors picked <mask> to be a part of the 15-member Indian squad for the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 in Sri Lanka in September 2012. He played against New Zealand in a T20I at Chennai where he scored

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