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<mask> (; born 19 January 1980) is a Russian politician and opposition leader. He was elected as a member of the State Duma in 2011–2016. His father, <mask>, was also a Duma deputy in 2001–2012. Both father and son were members of the party A Just Russia. <mask> was expelled from the party on 13 March 2013 after it accused him of "calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs". While <mask> ran as candidate of Yabloko party and worked with the non-systemic opposition, he lost in the 18 September 2016 election for the Russian Parliament. In 2018, he and Ksenia Sobchak decided to align together, which lead to the creation of an opposition political party which is called the Party of Changes.Education
<mask> was born on 19 January 1980 in the city of Kolomna, Moscow region in the family of <mask> and Gennady <mask>. When his son was born, Gennady <mask>  worked in the Komsomol; in 1981–1992 he served in the KGB, retired in the rank of major, and in the same year he founded the private security company "Oskord", which became a major player at this market by the end of the 1990s. In 1996, <mask> graduated from the Moscow school #625 with in-depth study of physics and mathematics and entered the journalism faculty of Moscow State University. In his student years he worked in several publications: he was the editor-in-chief of "Security" - a trade magazine about protection, and also worked in the department of public relations of his father's company. <mask> made his first steps in politics in 1998–1999, becoming a member of the electoral headquarters of his father in the elections to the 3rd State Duma from Kolomna single-mandate district #106. After graduating from the journalism faculty in 2001, <mask> went on to do his postgraduate studies, and received a second higher education at the Faculty of World Economy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Political activity

People's Party of the Russian Federation (NPRF), "A Just Russia", youth policy

A significant part of his political career, <mask> followed his father.In 2001 Gennady <mask> won in the by-elections to the 3rd Duma and joined the deputy group "People's Deputy", and <mask> got a job in the staff of this group. In 2003, he followed his father to the People's Party of the Russian Federation (NPRF): while Gennady <mask> was deputy chairman of the party, <mask> substituted the head of the press department, and after the father was elected a chairman of the party in April 2004, <mask> was promoted to a position of a head. He was involved in the coordination of the youth policy of the NPRF, participated in the creation of the Youth Public Chamber. In December 2005, <mask> took part in the additional elections to the 4th Duma in Moscow's single-seat constituency #201, but lost with 1.5% of the votes. After the merger of the NPRF with "A Just Russia" in early-mid April 2007, Gennady <mask> entered the Political Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Council of the Party, and <mask> headed its press department. At the end of April 2007, the youth blocks of the NPRF, the Social Democratic Party of Russia (SDPR), the human rights organization "Civil Society", the movements "Ura", "League of Justice", "Energy of Life", "Young Life" and other youth organizations of "A Just Russia" were united within the all-Russian movement "Pobeda" ("Victory"). <mask> became the co-chairman of the organization, since he previously supervised the youth policy of the NPRF.In April 2008, the congress of "Pobeda" elected Yury Lopusov, a former leader of the "Energy of Life", as the only chairman of the congress, which led to a conflict between Lopusov and <mask>. In October 2009, <mask> headed the "Young Socialists of Russia" - a new youth movement within the framework of "A Just Russia", which included "Pobeda" and youth departments of the Russian Party of Life, the SDPR, “Rodina” party, the Russian Party of Pensioners and several others. At the Fourth Congress of "A Just Russia" in June 2009, <mask> was elected a member of the Central Council of the Party, and in 2010 he became an adviser to Sergey Mironov, the Chairman of the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the leader of the "A Just Russia". Work in the 6th State Duma

In December 2011, <mask> was elected to the 6th State Duma at the head of the list of "A Just Russia" from the Ryazan and Tambov regions, where the party gained 15% and 6% respectively (compared to 13% in the country). During his mandate, <mask> worked in the Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building, and individually and as part of a group of deputies, initiated 43 legislative drafts, including:

 Amendments to the law "On Science and State Science and Technology Policy", proposed together with Ilya Ponomarev and Oleg Smolin in June 2014, and suggesting academic degrees to be revoked regardless of the time of its conferral if plagiarism is found in scientific works of the author. The bill was considered and rejected in the first reading in January 2015. Amendments to the law "On Special Economic Measures" and Article 8 of the Federal Law "On Security", proposed together with , , Sergey Petrov and , suggesting the introduction of a mandatory form of federal law for decisions on economic sanctions (at that time the President's order was enough to impose economic sanctions).The initiative was criticized by representatives of all parliamentary parties, and in May 2017 the bill was rejected in the first reading. Amendments to the legislative acts regulating the activities of non-profit organizations, introduced in July 2015 and involving the abolition of the concept of "foreign agent" in relation to NGOs. In the commentary to the bill, <mask> noted that many of the organizations included in the corresponding register did not meet the formal criterion - they were not engaged in political activity. The bill was repeatedly postponed, and in May 2016 the amendments were rejected. In parallel with that, the State Duma approved the amendments prepared on behalf of President Vladimir Putin, which cleared the definition of political activity by separating it from work in the field of science, culture, art, health and health care, social services, support and protection, protection of motherhood and childhood, social support of the disabled, promotion of healthy lifestyle, physical culture and sports, protection of plant and animal life and charitable activities. The Federal Law "On the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation", drafted together with the , was introduced in October 2015 and suggested the transition to a mixed-member proportional representation according to the German model and the introduction of multi-mandate constituencies and electoral blocks in the Duma elections. In November 2015 the State Duma Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building rejected the bill till it was improved.No legislative draft, which was suggested by <mask> or together with him, was adopted, except for the "mass" (signed by a large number of deputies) bill "On Amendments to the Federal Law "On Computation of Time" (a permanent shift to winter time), adopted in July 2014. Also, <mask> was one of the eight deputies of the State Duma who in December 2012 voted against the federal bill "On Sanctions for Individuals Violating Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms of the Citizens of the Russian Federation", better known as "Dima Yakovlev Law" because it prohibited adoption of Russian orphans by US citizens. Also, <mask> was among 4 deputies who did not vote for the law "On Admitting to the Russian Federation the Republic of Crimea and Establishing within the Russian Federation the New Constituent Entities of the Republic of Crimea and the City of Federal Importance Sevastopol". Later, while on air at the TV channel “Dozhd”, Gudkov explained that he abstained from voting "for" because of the political and economic consequences of the decision and abstained from "against" because of the conflicting public opinion on the question of joining the Crimea to the Russian Federation and out of respect for the inhabitants of the Crimea. Participation in the protest movement 2011–2013

The Gudkovs are noted for their opposition to President Vladimir Putin and his United Russia party. Along with Ilya Ponomarev, <mask> and Gennady <mask>s became leaders in the 2012 protests against Putin's re-election. In the period of winter 2011 to spring 2012, <mask> took an active part in protest actions and acted as one of the organizers of the rallies "For Fair Elections".During the  unauthorized "public festivities" on Kudrinskaya Square following Vladimir Putin's inauguration, <mask> tried to present the rally as his meeting with voters to prevent the detention of protesters. According to <mask>, he was illegally detained on an opposition meeting on Nikitsky Boulevard on 8 May 2012, but the police claimed that the politician himself followed the detainee Ksenia Sobchak. In the elections to the Russian Opposition Coordination Council in October 2012, <mask> was ranked the tenth in the civil list. In May 2013, <mask> criticized Maxim Katz, a municipal deputy of the Shchukino district who prematurely left the opposition council and called for his dissolution, for "showing weakness" and creating a motive to criticise the Coordination Council. In September of the same year <mask> himself refused to run for new membership in the Council. After <mask>'s refusal and other members of the Coordination Council to participate in the further work of the association, the council basically ceased its activities. In June 2012, Ponomarev, <mask> and his father led a filibuster against a bill allowing large fines for anti-government protesters, alternating speaking against the bill for 11 hours.Gennady <mask> said of the bill that by removing outlets for protest, the legislation was putting Russia on "a sure path to a civil war". The Economist described the filibuster as "the most striking act of parliamentary defiance in the Putin era". Expulsion from the party "A Just Russia"

In January 2013, after <mask>'s participation in "March against Scoundrels", when the participants carried portraits of deputies, including Sergey Mironov, the Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Council of "A Just Russia" party suggested that <mask> leave either the Opposition Coordination Council (OCC) or "A Just Russia". Oleg Shein, who participated in OCC, and Ilya Ponomarev, who "combined" membership in the party and participation in "Left Front", faced the same choice. At the same time, the bureau advised party members not to take part in the meetings of non-systemic opposition. The Gudkovs refused to leave the Opposition Council, while Ponomaryov and Shein chose the party. On 13 March 2013, by decision of the Presidium Bureau of the Central Council of the Party, Gennady and <mask> were expelled from "A Just Russia" party for "actions that harm the party".The question of their expulsion was put forward by Sergei Mironov, the leader of the party. Among the reasons, apart from participation in protest movement and OCC, was the violation of party discipline and Gennady <mask>'s support of a candidate from another party in the election of the mayor of Moscow region Zhukovsky. The expulsion of the Gudkovs from the party attracted the media attention, but it was not the first time for "A Just Russia": eight years ago eight members were expelled from the party for violating party discipline (Leonid Levin, Nikolai Lakutin, , , Aleksey Mitrofanov, Vadim Harlov, Vladimir Mashkarin and Vladimir Parahin). Some of them were suspended for voting for <mask> for the post of the  prime minister, and others for rejecting the radicalization of the party because of its support and participation in protests. When addressing members of the Bureau, Gennady <mask> said that it was impossible to make a choice between "A Just Russia" and work in OCC. Declaring his readiness to accept any decision of fellow party members, he expressed confidence that "A Just Russia" "makes a strategic mistake in playing up to the authorities". After <mask>'s expulsion, Ilya Ponomaryov and Valery Zubov publicly criticized the Bureau's decision.On 14 March, Ponomaryov announced the suspension of his party activities before the autumn congress of the party. After <mask>'s expulsion from the party, Sergey Naryshkin, the State Duma Speaker, noted that <mask>'s "special status" would not affect his work in parliament. Running for the 7th State Duma

In the elections to the 7th State Duma <mask> represented the "Yabloko" party in Tushino single-member electoral district (#206): in March 2016 he signed a memorandum of "Yabloko", pledging to accept all the party's election plans. Also as a candidate <mask> claimed to support the "People's Freedom Party". Maxim Katz became the head of Gudkov's election headquarters. As part of the campaign, Gudkov received 40 million rubles in donations to the electoral fund, but these funds were not enough. In August 2016, members of the electoral headquarters responsible for organizing meetings with voters filed a class action lawsuit against <mask> because they hadn't received their salaries, and on 14 September <mask>'s headquarters ran out of funds and had to stop campaigning.According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, on the day of silence on 17 September, 55 people engaged in illegal propaganda in favor of <mask> were arrested. The candidate's headquarters denied the number of detainees and denied the fact of illegal campaigning. On 18 September, <mask> with his 20.4% of the vote lost to his major rival, former Chief Sanitary Inspector of Russia Gennady Onishchenko, who got 26.04% of the votes. Even though <mask> was in the first 10th of the federal party list of "Yabloko", his hope to overcome the party's 5% barrier didn't come true as well. The politician noted that he did not face falsifications, and both <mask> and Katz agreed that among the reasons of the defeat were low turnout, indifference of voters and public distrust of elections. United Democrats and elections of municipal deputies in 2017

Just before the elections to the councils of deputies of municipalities in Moscow in 2017, <mask> and Katz created a "United Democrats" coalition to support those wishing to become municipal deputies. "United Democrats" were engaged in fundraising, helped candidates fill out documents, conduct campaigns, provided premises and campaign materials.Among the candidates supported by <mask> and Katz were self-nominated candidates, representatives of "Yabloko", the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and "Solidarnost". The aim of the association was to overcome the "municipal filter" in the mayoral election in Moscow in 2018, which required support of 5-10% of municipal deputies and heads of municipalities. In total, according to the results of the 10 September 2017 elections, "United Democrats" managed to get 266 people out of 1,052 candidates through into municipal assemblies. The Manifesto of "United Democrats" declared support for all independent candidates of democratic views, but some participants complained that they were excluded from the "United deputies" because of divergences in views with Katz. Such cases were noted in

masks:
Dmitry Gennadyevich Gudkov
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 Khoroshevo-Mnevniki, Basmanny district and Arbat, and disagreements included, in particular, differences in views on the improvement of specific streets or the attitude to paid parking. Excluded participants also noted that Katz was inclined against regional activists and preferred beginners in politics. At the end of January 2018 <mask> announced that he had stopped his cooperation with Katz due to disagreements.Party of Changes
On 15 March 2018, <mask> and Ksenia Sobchak announced the creation of the Party of Changes on the basis of the party Civic Initiative. Detention and emigration

On 1 June 2021 <mask> was sent to police custody on the charges of "causing property damage by deception or breach of trust" of city of Moscow. According to <mask>'s lawyer Alexander Aldayev the case is caused by bankruptcy of a firm owned by <mask>'s relatives that caused an unpaid debts for renting a basement in 2015. According to Aldeyev <mask> had learnt about the debt only on the day of his arrest. On the same day more than 140 police officers searched <mask>'s office, his apartment, his country house, his sister-in-law's apartment as well as the apartment of his chief of staff Vitaly Vendiktov. Together with Gudkov his aunt Irina Ermilova and the former chairman of Open Russia movement . On 3 June 2021 <mask> was released from his prison and on 6 June 2021 he left Russia for Ukraine.In his Facebook post <mask> explained that he received credible threats from the Presidential Administration of Russia that "otherwise the fake criminal case will continue until his arrest". The following day <mask> stated on Ukrainian television that he soon would join his parents in Bulgaria. <mask>'s father, and fellow opposition leader, Gennady <mask> relocated to Varna in 2019 in what he claimed to be "a precautionary measure." Critics

On 26 March 2012, Sergei Udaltsov, the coordinator of the Left Front, criticized his ideological associates from "A Just Russia" <mask> and Ilya Ponomarev for their participation in the "NTVshniki" TV program which was aired on 25 March 2012. "Now I do not understand. The opposition boycotts NTV, but the oppositionists are on the air now. Ain’t anyone responsible for his words nowadays?", Udaltsov wrote on Twitter. Income

During the campaign "Golden pretzels" the media attention was attracted by <mask>'s own incomes. It was reported that in the declaration filed before the elections to the 6th State Duma, the politician declared revenue of 600 thousand rubles received from the JSC Trade House "Nizhny Novgorod Oil and Fat Factory". In his parliamentary declaration for 2012, <mask> specified that together with his wife he received a total income of 2.42 million rubles. During the same period, the family acquired three cars: Mazda3, Volkswagen Tiguan and Volkswagen Touareg. During the election campaign in 2016 , <mask>'s opponent, published a footage of the politician's undeclared residence in the Kolomensky District, Moscow region, which has two houses, auxiliary buildings, a sauna complex, a winter garden and a sports field. The cost of the estate is estimated at over 100 million rubles.Townhouse
In June 2013, the LDPR leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky requested the Duma commission for control over the reliability of information about deputies income about the sources of <mask>'s income, who owned a 248 sq.m. apartment in a townhouse on Yurovsky street in Kurkino. Internet users estimated the cost of the apartment at 45 million rubles, which significantly exceeded the declared income of the parliamentarian for 2011–2012. <mask> replied that he had bought the townhouse by instalments in 2006–2010 and provided the contract with the developer - his father's company, the security company "Pantan". Gennady <mask> also commented Zhirinovsky's suspicions, he said that he had received the land in Kurkino in the 1990s as payment for security services, and the townhouses were built by the company which he co-invests, which allowed the Gudkovs to buy the apartment at prime cost. The commission was satisfied with the documents provided, and <mask> soon sold the "problem" townhouse for 23.5 million rubles, which was noted in his income declaration of 2013. Foreign companies
In April 2013, <mask> was accused of not having declared his share in the Bulgarian company "Marie House" before the election.The politician responded by saying that just before the elections he had transferred a share in the company to confidential management his brother. In June 2013, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) published publicly available information on the owners of more than 100,000 offshore companies. Then for the first time it became known that <mask> had been owning Parustrans Ltd., a company registered in the British Virgin Islands, since 2006, and in violation of the law had not declared the possession of foreign companies. Although the company was registered by a Moscow-based company Global Wealth Management Center, <mask> in his tweet expressed the opinion that the owner of the company is his namesake from Houston, the USA. Accusations of lobbying the interests of construction companies

In April 2013, Elena Tkach, a coordinator of the Coalition for Moscow and the municipal deputy of the Presnensky District, accused <mask> of lobbying for the interests of construction companies whose projects involve the demolition of historic buildings in the center of Moscow. According to Tkach, in the past Gudkov repeatedly tried to negotiate with her about buildings on  (the "" project) and about building #25 on , and in April insisted at a meeting to discuss buildings #13 and #15 on Kozikhinsky, which local deputies had been defending since 2009. In her blog and in interviews, Tkach said that together with <mask>, at the meeting there were also , a member of "A Just Russia", and the son of the owner of the Investcom company, which was claiming for the land.According to Tkach, <mask> represented the developer as sponsor of the "Parfenov" program on the TV channel "Dozhd" and claimed that by allowing the demolition of the building she would support the Russian opposition, and Dushenko threatened her with the use of an administrative resource. Radio “Svoboda” noted that earlier <mask>'s attempt to finance "Parfenov" through the Opposition Coordinating Council led to a conflict with a number of its members and Andrey Piontkovsky’s withdrawal from the association. <mask> declined to comment on media accusations, and replied in his blog that he had not been lobbying anything, but acted as an intermediary. According to him, he arranged a meeting at the request of a colleague whose friend was extorted by the Moscow mayor's office to pay a bribe in exchange for the land registration, threatening to transfer the land to Nikita Mikhalkov. <mask> claimed that he left the meeting 15 minutes after it began, and also denied the connection of the invited entrepreneur with the "Parfenov" program. After the publication of Tkach's statements, Anatoly Vyborny, the deputy from "United Russia", sent a request to the Duma ethics commission to assess the ethics of <mask>'s actions, and a request to the Prosecutor General's Office to check the information in the Tkach's blog. Accusations of populism

In December 2008, as a result of an error during repair works, oil spills from the Transsibneft oil pipeline took place near Novoaleksandrovka village in Moshkovsky district of Novosibirsk Oblast.According to the "Argumenty y Fakty" magazine, in early 2009 the consequences of the accident were eliminated, and the company paid compensation to the local budget. In 2010, Nikolai Kuznetsov, the head of production and technical services of the Transsibneft equipment, published a video in which he accused the company of concealing an environmental disaster, while <mask>, as head of the "Young Socialists of Russia", attracted public attention to the publication. In 2009–2010, Kuznetsov participated in a number of Moscow political moves, which drew attention to accusations against Transsibneft. In December 2010, Kuznetsov was fired from Transsibneft for systematic non-fulfillment of his duties (the employee twice tried to challenge the dismissal, but the court took the side of the employer), and in the spring of 2012 he became Gudkov's assistant as a member of the State Duma. Soon in the blog of the politician, there was a publication accusing the company of polluting the river . As an evidence, a videotape was provided, in which a group of people take dead fish out of the ice hole. The publication attracted the attention of regional media and environmental publications, which saw forgery and "political PR" in the footage.The specialists, including Yevgeny Upadyshev, the deputy head of the Verkhne-Ob basin department for fishery, named the freezing of the rivers, which is characteristic of the Novosibirsk region, to be the likely cause of fish death. Trip to the USA
On 1 March 2013, <mask> travelled to the United States, where he planned to agree on cooperation in the search for undeclared real estate of Russian officials, as well as to visit families who adopted children from Russia. After visiting several American families, the deputy reported that he had no difficulties with it. He also pointed out that the embassy of the Russian Federation did not contact with foster parents and was not interested in the further life of the adopted children. On 4 March, <mask> participated in the conference "A New Approach or the Status Quo? Relations between the US, EU and Russia at the time of Putin's repression". It took place in the building of the US Senate, and its organizers were the human rights organization Freedom House, the foundation and the "Institute of Contemporary Russia".In his speech <mask> pointed out that the Constitution of the Russian Federation gives "unlimited" power to the president, on the basis of which Vladimir Putin built a "vertical of power". In his opinion, the authorities took the path of tightening the screws and falsifying criminal cases against organizers and leaders of protest actions. The parliamentarian described the State Duma as an "enraged printer" which is adopting repressive laws against protest activity. In conclusion of his speech, <mask> asked the Americans to help Vladimir Putin in the fight against corruption, and to spread information about the foreign property of Russian officials. <mask>'s speech provoked sharp criticism of journalists from the state-run media of <mask> and Vladimir Solovyov, as well as the deputies. Sergei Zheleznyak from "United Russia" called his colleague a traitor, and the leader of LDPR party Vladimir Zhirinovsky demanded to arrest <mask> for treason. Georgy Fedorov, a member of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, demanded to check, at whose expense <mask> traveled to the US.<mask> said that he paid for trip himself and provided copies of payment documents as evidence. On 13 March 2013, Sergei Zheleznyak sent a request to the State Duma committee on matters of parliamentary ethics  in connection with <mask>'s trip to the USA. According to him, "it is necessary to investigate the actions of <mask> in America", since "he had no right to act as a parliamentarian". On 15 March, deputies Sergei Zheleznyak, Svetlana Goryacheva,  and Igor Lebedev signed an appeal asking for an assessment of <mask>'s actions in connection with his trip to the US and speaking at the conference. The commission considered this appeal on 20 March. On 20 March, <mask> did not appear at the meeting of the Ethics Committee. Members of the commission from "A Just Russia" also did not attend the meeting, and the remaining participants decided to deprive him of a right to speak for a month, to demand an apology and to offer him to hand over his mandate.At the same time, Nikolay Kovalev, head of the commission for revenue control of "United Russia" deputies, reported that he had spoken in Vienna with US Senator Ben Cardin about joint efforts to find foreign property and accounts of Russian officials. Family, private life

Mother — Maria Petrovna <mask> (born 1956), a chairman of the board of directors of the security structures association "Oskord". Father — Gennady Vladimirovich <mask> (born 15 August 1956, Kolomna, Moscow region) - a Russian politician and entrepreneur. Younger brother — <mask>, general director of the debt collection agency "Central Debt Agency". Family business

For more than 20 years, <mask>'s mother and brother were running a private security firm "Security Agency "Pantan", which had several thousands employees. In May 2012, the license for private security activities of the agency was suspended for a month due to violations, and then withdrawn on a permanent basis. Another security company of the Gudkovs - "Ajax-Inter" - was deprived of a license for weapons in September 2012.The Gudkovs described these inspections as politically engaged. <mask>'s brother <mask> runs one of Russia's largest debt collection agencies, "Central Debt Agency", which collects debts in a variety of regions in the interests of Sberbank, Alfa-Bank, Uralsib, Raiffeisenbank, Renaissance Credit. Wives

First wife, Sofya <mask> is a journalist and a television producer. She worked for the programs "" and "", she was the chief editor of daily and evening news at "Channel One Russia" and of "The Final Program" at NTV Channel. She was married to <mask> for almost 10 years and she brings up the children of the politician - Anastasia and Ivan. After the divorce in May 2012, Sophia quit NTV channel. Gudkov argued that Sophia made this decision in order not to work on the program, which compromises him and other opposition politicians.In 2015, Sophia married the former head of the Department of Culture of Moscow, Sergei Kapkov. The second wife, Valeria <mask> (maiden name — Sushkova) is the former press secretary of the youth wing of "A Just Russia" and the politician himself. According to some sources, the office affair began after <mask>'s separation from his first wife, according to other information, it became the reason for the divorce. <mask> and Sushkova got married July 2012, and in August 2013 the new wife gave birth to a son, Alexander. In March 2012, Valeria participated in a public gathering near the building of the Defense Ministry on New Arbat, during which the wives of military men demanded to provide them with housing. <mask>'s common-law wife stood there with a placard: "The wives of military men demand that the state fulfill its obligations to provide housing", while <mask> has never served in the army and received the rank of a reserve officer at the military department at the university. Hobby

It was reported that in school years <mask> received a degree of candidate for master of sports in basketball, and in 2012 he said that he continues to engage in this kind of sport sometimes.<mask> reported that at least twice a week he goes to the gym and likes to play the guitar. Filmography

 2012 —  — directors Alexey Pivovarov, Pavel Kostomarov and Alexander Rastorguev. References

1980 births
A Just Russia politicians
21st-century Russian politicians
Yabloko politicians
People's Party of the Russian Federation politicians
Living people
Sixth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
2011–2013 Russian protests
Russian liberals
Russian exiles
Russian

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Vladimir Gudkov
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Dmitry Gudkov
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The Hon<mask> (17 June 184519 October 1913) was an Irish novelist, historian, entomologist, gardener, and poet from County Kildare. Her innovative approach to narrative and the psychological richness of her fiction have been identified as examples of early modernism. Biography
She was born at Lyons House below Lyons Hill, Ardclough, County Kildare. She spent part of her childhood with the Kirwans of Castle Hackett, County Galway, her mother's family, and drew on West of Ireland themes for many of her works. Her grandfather was <mask>, a member of the United Irishmen and son of a convert from Catholicism to the Church of Ireland. Her father was <mask>, 3rd Baron Cloncurry (d. 1896), thus giving her the title of "The Honourable".The death of her father when she was a girl plunged the family into financial difficulties which, compounded by her lack of access to family assets as a woman, meant that she relied on income from her books. <mask> had five brothers and three sisters. Her brother <mask>, who inherited the family home, was a landowner with strong Unionist opinions, a policy of not employing Roman Catholics in any position in his household, and chairman of the Property Defence Association set up in 1880 to oppose the Land League and "uphold the rights of property against organised combination to defraud". <mask> was not in good terms with her brother Edward. The prominent Anglo-Irish unionist and later nationalist, Home Rule politician Horace Plunkett was a cousin. Lord Castletown, Bernard FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Castletown was also a cousin. According to Betty Webb Brewer, writing in 1983 for the journal of the Irish American Cultural Institute, Éire/Ireland: "An unflagging unionist, she recognised the rich literary potential in the native tradition and wrote novels with peasant heroes and heroines, Lawless depicted with equal sympathy the Anglo-Irish landholders."This is the prevalent view of <mask>, yet she unequivocally referred to her Irish "patriotism", and her unshakeable love of Ireland, and several of her short stories denounce the inequalities brought about by colonialism and landlordism in Ireland. W.B.Yeats wrote scathingly about <mask>'s supposed stereotyping of Irish peasants, and his views later contributed to the neglect of her work. Similarly, her initial opposition to female suffrage has been often read as an anti-feminist position (rather than a 'feminism of difference'), yet much of her work makes a strong case for female autonomy, in financial and creative terms, and <mask> was a noted and popular writer in the 'New Woman' movement which swept English fiction and journalism in the late nineteenth century. It has been speculated that she may have been lesbian and that Lady Sarah Spencer, dedicatee of A Garden Diary (1901) was her life-partner. She died at Gomshall, Surrey. She occasionally wrote under the pen name "Edith Lytton". Some archival material pertaining to <mask> is held in Marsh's Library, Dublin.Writings
<mask> wrote nineteen works of fiction, biography, history, nature studies and poetry, many of which were widely read at the time. She is increasingly considered a major fiction writer of the late nineteenth century, and an early modernist innovator. She is often remembered for her Wild Geese poems (1902). Her books were:

 A Chelsea Householder (1882)
 A Millionaire's cousin (1885)
 Ireland (1885)
 Hurrish (1886)
 Major Lawrence FLS (1887)
 With Essex in Ireland (1890)
 Grania (1892)
 Maelcho (1894)
 Plain Frances Mowbray and Other Tales (1889)
 A Colonel of the Empire (1895)
 Traits and Confidences (1898)
 Atlantic Rhymes & Rhythms (1898)
 A Garden Diary (1901)
 With The Wild Geese (1902)
 Maria Edgeworth (1904)
 Book of Gilly (1906)
 The Point of View (1909)
 The Race of Castlebar (1914) - co-authored with Shan Bullock
 The Inalienable Heritage (1914)

Hurrish
Some critics identify a theme of noble landlord and noble peasant in her fourth book, Hurrish, a Land War story set in the Burren County Clare which was read by William Ewart Gladstone and said to have influenced his policy. It deals with the theme of Irish hostility to English law. In the course of the book a landlord is assassinated, and Hurrish's mother, Bridget, refuses to identify the murderer, a dull-witted brutal neighbour. It described the Burren Hills as "skeletons—rain-worn, time-worn, wind-worn—starvation made visible, and embodied in a landscape."The book was criticised by Irish-Ireland journals for its 'grossly exaggerated violence', its embarrassing dialect, staid characters. According to The Nation "she looked down on peasantry from the pinnacle of her three generation nobility". Her reputation was damaged by William Butler Yeats who accused her in a critique of having "an imperfect sympathy with the Celtic nature" and for adopting "theory invented by political journalists and forensic historians". Despite this, Yeats included With Essex in Ireland and Maelcho in his list of the best Irish novels. Essex and Grania
Her historical novel With Essex in Ireland was better received and was ahead of its time in developing the unreliable narrator as a technique. Gladstone mistook it for an authentic Elizabethan document. Her seventh book, Grania, about "a very queer girl leaping and dancing over the rocks of the sea" examined the misogynism of an Aran Island fishing society.With the Wild Geese
Unusually for such a strong Unionist, her Wild Geese poems (1902) became very popular and were widely quoted in nationalist circles, especially the lines:
War-battered dogs are we,
Fighters in every clime;
Fillers of trench and of grave,
Mockers bemocked by time. War-dogs hungry and grey,
Gnawing a naked bone,
Fighters in every clime
Every cause but our own

Two of the poems including "Clare Coast" (source of the above lines) and "After Aughrim" were included in The Oxford Book of Irish Verse (1958). Legacy
Her papers are in Marsh's Library in Dublin. Further reading
 A book of criticism on Lawless—<mask> (1845-1913): Writing the Interspace by Heidi Hansson—was published in 2007 by Cork University Press. <mask>, Grania: The Story of an Island, edited by Michael O'Flynn (Victorian Secrets, 2013)

References

External links

1845 births
1913 deaths
19th-century Irish writers
19th-century Irish women writers
20th-century Irish writers
20th-century Irish women writers
Anglo-Irish women poets
Irish Anglicans
Irish historical novelists
Irish women novelists
Irish unionists
Irish women poets
People from County Kildare
Women historical novelists
Writers of historical fiction set in the early modern period

masks:
. Emily Lawless
Valentine Lawless
Edward Lawless
Emily
Edward Lawless
Emily Lawless
Lawless
Lawless
Lawless
Emily Lawless
Lawless
Emily Lawless
Emily Lawless


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<mask> (Buenos Aires, 22 February 1917 – Denton, Texas, 13 March 1992) was an Argentine-born-and-raised cellist of Russian ancestry who performed in concerts for 5 decades in South, Central, and North America, the Caribbean, Europe, Israel, and the former USSR. He had performed as principal cellist in the Israel Philharmonic and many of the important orchestras of Latin America. He had soloed with major orchestras under conductors that include Arturo Toscanini, Erich Kleiber, Fritz Busch, Juan José Castro, Rafael Kubelik, Victor Tevah, Luis Herrera de la Fuente, Carlos Chavez, Paul Kletzki, Luis Ximénez Caballero (es), Willem van Otterloo, Sir John Barbirolli, Eduardo Mata, Antal Doráti, Jorge Sarmientos (es), Erich Kleiber, George Singer (1908–1980), Ricardo del Carmen (1937-2003), Anshel Brusilow, Pau Casals and Enrique Gimeno. He also performed a Khachaturian work under the direction of Khachaturian. Biography

Career

Formal education
Beginning around 1930, Odnoposoff studied with Emanuel Feuermann and Paul Grümmer at the Music High School in Berlin (die Hochschule für Musik zu Berlin, which, as of 2001, has been known as Berlin University of the Arts). 1930 coincided with the coup d'état in Argentina. In 1932, Odnoposoff moved to Paris, entering École Normale de Musique, where, in 1935, he earned a concert and teaching diploma.While there, he studied cello with Diran Alexanian, a colleague of Pablo Casals. Israel
1936, <mask>, seeking refuge from the Third Reich because he was a Jew, moved to Tel Aviv, where he became a founding member of the Israel Philharmonic for its inaugural 1936–1937 season. He had performed with the orchestra, then called the Palestine Symphony Orchestra, in various roles, including that of principal cellist and soloist. The orchestra was founded by Bronisław Huberman, a cousin once removed of <mask>'s future wife, Berthe Huberman. Peru and Chile
From 1938 to 1941, Odnoposoff was principal cellist with The National Symphony Orchestra of Peru. In 1940, he was a founding member of the Chile Cuarteto de Cuerdas (Chile String Quartet) — with Willie McDermott (violin), Raúl Martínez (viola), Fredy Wang (Alfredo Wang; 1918–2004) (violin), sponsored by The Institute of Musical Extension at the University of Chile. He held that chair until 1944.Cuba
From 1944 to 1958, he was principal cellist of the Orquesta Filarmónica de La Habana, when, then, was conducted by Erich Kleiber. Alexander Prilutchi (1913–2001) was concertmaster and, from 1945 to 1953, J. Wolfgang Granat (1918–1998) was first violist. Granat went to play viola with the Philadelphia Orchestra for 35 years, until he retired in 1991. In Havana, <mask> had been a member of a trio of Sociedad de Música de Cámara (Chamber Music Society) — with Prilutchi and pianist Paquito Godino (né Francisco Jose Godino; 1919–1996). In January 1959, Fidel Castro's revolutionaries overtook Havana. Within 6 months, Castro became the new president and restructured Cuba as a communist state. Mexico and Puerto Rico
From 1958 to 1961, <mask> was cellist with the National Symphony Orchestra of Mexico.While in Mexico, he taught at the Conservatorio Nacional de Música. From 1964 to 1974, <mask>, at the invitation of Pablo Casals, taught at the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico. For 10 years, he was head of the Cello Department and served as the right-hand man of Casals, director of the conservatory that he founded. Casals died on October 22, 1973. United States
During the 1975–1976 academic year, <mask> became a visiting professor at the University of North Texas College of Music following an extensive tour of the Soviet Union — while still holding the post as Professor of Cello and Chamber Music at the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico. He and his wife soon became a full-time professors at North Texas. In 1977, his friend, Eduardo Mata became the conductor of the Dallas Symphony.<mask> remained active teaching and concertizing until his retirement in 1988, whereupon North Texas awarded him Professor Emeritus status. His wife, Berthe, is still a professor of music at North Texas. Legacy in Latin American classical music
<mask> was an influential exponent of Latin classical music, notably works by Heitor Villa-Lobos, Alberto Ginastera, Blas Galindo Dimas, Rodolfo Halffter. He presented numerous lectures, master classes, and concerts throughout the Western Hemisphere on that theme. Personal life

Early Life, Family Background
<mask> was one of three children born in Buenos Aires to the marriage of Mauricio (altnernate spelling: Moisés) Odnoposoff and Juana (née Veinstien; alternate spelling Weinstien). Alolfo's brother, <mask> (de) (1914–2004), was the former concertmaster of Vienna Philharmonic. <mask>'s sister, Nélida <mask> (born 1919), was a critically acclaimed Argentine concert pianist whose European debut was in 1935 in Berlin.Growing up in Buenos Aires, she had been a protégée of the Argentine pianist Edmundo Piazzini (es), and in Berlin, she studied with Hansi Freudberg. Nélida concertized until the late 1950s. During the early 1940s, was associated with the Opera and Ballet of Montevideo and had soloed with important orchestras of Latin America. Mauricio <mask> had emigrated from Russia to Argentina with his father. When Ricardo, <mask>, and Nélida were studying music in Germany, Mauricio and Juana <mask> moved to Germany. Marriage
<mask> met his wife, Berthe (né Huberman; born in Paris) in Cuba in 1941, when he was principal cellist with the Havana Symphony. Berthe was a young aspiring concert pianist.She is a first cousin once removed of the violinist Bronislaw Huberman and also the sister-in-law of Mexican poet Angelina Muñiz-Huberman, PhD. Odnoposoff's wife, Berthe (also spelled Berte and Berta; née Huberman born in Paris on May 19, 1925) was a widely acclaimed piano virtuoso. Since 1941, when they met in Havana, until his retirement in 1988, she had been his accompanist and chief musical collaborator. In concerts and on recordings, they were often billed as a duo. Composers often inscribed dedications to both <mask> and Berthe. She was also an influential piano pedagogue. She joined the faculty at the University of North Texas College of Music in 1976.She held a Bachelor of Arts and Sciences Degree, a Diploma in piano, and a Diploma in theory and harmony from the Ministry of Education, Havana, Cuba. She not only mentored aspiring performing artists at the conservatory and collegiate levels, she developed effective pedagogical approaches for gifted pianists at primary and secondary school ages. Berthe Huberman <mask> died on July 1, 2019 at the age of 94. <mask>, his wife, and his brother performed their final concert together in May 1987— and billed it as a farewell — playing Beethoven's Triple Concerto with the National Symphony Orchestra of Guatemala under the direction of Ricardo del Carmen. Other Information
<mask> Odnoposoff maintained his Argentine citizenship; although, in 1977 Texas Governor Dolph Briscoe made him an honorary citizen of the State of Texas, and presented him a commemorative plaque. The surname, Odnoposoff, has various spellings (typically "z" instead of "s" and "v" instead of "ff"). But under this particular spelling, the name faces extinction in the Western Hemisphere.Of the two males born to Mauricio and Juana Odnoposoff, (i) <mask> (de) and his wife Hilde had one daughter, Henriette Helene Odnoposoff,

masks:
Adolfo Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Adolfo
Ricardo Odnoposoff
Adolfo
Odnoposoff
Odnoposoff
Adolfo
Odnoposoff
Adolfo
Adolfo
de Odnoposoff
Adolfo
Adolfo
Ricardo Odnoposoff


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 who, in 1978, married David Mark Hume (born 1952); (ii) <mask> and Berthe had one daughter, Alina M. Odnoposoff (born 1954), who married Mark J. Heller (born 1954). Musical Output

Selected discography

 Beethoven, Cello Sonata No. 1, in F Major, Op. 5, RCA Victor (Chile) (1945)
 <mask>, cello; Elvira Savi (es) (1920–1913)
 The record also includes Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 8 in A Minor, performed by Rosita Renard

 Alberto Ginastera, "Pampeana No. 2" for cello and piano, Op. 21, Victor (Argentina) 68 8047 (78 rpm)
 <mask>, cello; Huberman, piano

 At The Center, New York: Center For Inter-American Relations, 33- LP (1970);
 Side B
  Alberto Ginastera, "Pampeana No.2" for cello and piano, Op. 21
 <mask>, cello; Huberman, piano
 Recorded on November 21, 1968

 Saint-Saëns, "Allegro Appassionata," Op. MS Mus 261, Item 2091
 Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
 Includes also Quintet for winds (1959), with the Westwood Woodwind Quintet
 Moldenhauer, Hans, collector. The Moldenhauer Archives at Harvard University

 Third Music Festival of Caracas, digital files (WAV; 96–kHz, 24 bit)
  (works 1–3),  (works 4–5),  (work 4),  (work 5),  (work 5)
 Live performance, Third Music Festival of Caracas, Venezuela, May 12, 1966
 Halffter: "Sonata," Op. 26
 a) "Allegro deciso"
 b) "Tempo de siciliana"
 c) "Rondó: Allegro"
 Vega (de): "Legend of Ariel Criollo"
 Ginastera, "Pampeana No. 2"
 Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
 Sergio Cervetti (es), "Cinco Episodios Para Trio" ("Five Movements For Trio")
 Salas, "Trio" Op. 58
 José Figueroa, violin; Odnoposoff, cello; Elias López, piano

 Héctor Campos Parsi, "Serenade," for string trio, Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña ICP MC-4, 33- LP (197?); ,
  José Madera, violin; Guillermo Figueroa, viola; Odnoposoff, cello

 Seis piezas breves (Six Short Pieces), Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña ICP C-8 (197? ); ,
  Luis Antonio Ramírez (1923–1995): "Sonata Elegiaca," for cello and piano
 Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano
 Recorded July & August 1971 at the Ochoa Sound Studio
  Hector Campos Parsi: "Petroglifos," for violin, cello and piano
 José Figueroa, violin; Odnoposoff, cello; Jesús María Sanromá, piano
 Recorded in concert at the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, October 8, 1967

 Adolfo Odnoposoff: Obras De Galindo-Halffter-Ponce-Revueltas-Sandi, Mexico: Musart MCD-3027, Serie SACM (es), 33- LP (1962);
 Side A
 Galindo: "Sonata"
 Ponce: "Tres preludios"
 Side B
 Halffter: "Sonata," Op. The work was published in the Washington, D.C., in 1955 by the Pan American Union
 José Ardévol (Cuba): "Sonatina," for cello and piano, Buenos Aires: Ricordi Americana (publisher) (1955);

Mexican composers
 Simón Tapia Colman (ca): "Sonata," for cello and piano, Ediciones Mexicanas de Música (publisher) (1961);  (2nd reference is a manuscript copy)
 Rodolfo Halffter: "Sonata," Op. 26, Peer International (publisher) (1962);
 Blas Galindo: "Sonata," Ediciones Mexicanas de Música (publisher) (1962);
 Manuel Enríquez: "Sonatina" (manuscript copy) (1962);
 Luis Sandi: "Hoja de Album," for cello and piano, Ediciones Mexicanas de Música (publisher) (1963); ,
 Luis Sandi: "Sonatina," for cello and piano, Ediciones Mexicanas de Musica (publisher) (1965);
 Eduardo Mata: "Sonata" (1966)

Argentine composers
 Guillermo Graetzer (de): "Concierto para Cello y Orquesta"
 Julio César Brero: "Variaciones sobre un tema italiano";
 Floro Ugarte (es): "Elegia"
 Antonío Tauriello (es): "Diferencias No. 3"

Puerto Rican composers
 Hector Campos Parsi: "Arawak para Cello and Electronic Sounds"
 Luis Antonio Ramírez: "Sonata Elegiaca," for cello and piano (1970)
 Roberto Sierra: "Dialogo No. 1"
 Roberto Sierra: "Salsa on the C String," for cello and piano (1981);

Elsewhere
 Paul Csonka (Austria): "Serenata for Cello and Orchestra" (1954);
 Roque Cordero (Panama): "Sonata for Violoncello and Piano," Peer International (publisher) (1963) (commissioned by Odnoposoff);
 Federico Heinlein (es) (Chile): "Sonatina"
 Ninón de Brouwer Lapeiretta (Santo Domingo): "Romanza"
 Martin Mailman (United States): "Clastics: Formations for Solo Cello," Op. 61
 German Borda (es) (Colombia): "Movimiento de Sonata"

Notable performances
 1947: Odnoposoff debuted in New York at Town Hall, January 29, 1947.1949: Aurelio de la Vega (de): "Trio for Violin, Cello, and Piano" (1949), performed in Havana by Odnoposoff, Alexander Prilutchi (violin), and Rafael Morales (1905–1990) (piano). The trio was sponsored by the Sociedad de Música de Cámara (Chamber Music Society)
 1957: <mask>, as guest soloist with the Orquesta Sinfónica de Chile (es), performed Ernest Bloch's Schelomo: Rhapsodie Hébraïque for Violoncello and Orchestra, Victor Tevah, conductor
 1961: Rodolfo Halffter's "Cello Sonata," Op. 26, was composed between 1959 and 1960 for the second Inter-American Festival, held in Washington in 1961. The composer dedicated it to <mask> Odnoposoff and his wife, Berthe Huberman. Odnoposoff performed the premiere with Mexican pianist and composer Alicia Urreta on 26 April 1961 in the Library of Congress's Coolidge Auditorium;
 1963–1964 season, Brahms's "Double Concerto," Endre Wolf, violin, and <mask> Odnoposoff, cello, Palestine Symphony Orchestra, George Singer conducting
 March 1966: Mario Davidovsky's "Synchronisms No. 3" (1964), for cello and electronic sound, San Juan, Puerto Rico
 1966: Rházes Hernández-López, "Tres Espacios Para Trio," Third Music Festival of Caracas, Venezuela, performed by Jose Figueroa (violin), Odnoposoff, Héctor Tosar (es) (piano)
 1988: Wigmore Hall, London, March 19, at 7:30, Odnoposoff, cello, with Aldo Ciccolini
 "Fantasia for Cello and Piano" – Gerard Schurmann (fr)
 (other works were performed by Ciccolini)
 "Fantasia" was composed in 1967 and premiered March 1967 by Odnoposoff and Ciccolini at the Salle Pleyel, Paris – Odnoposoff and Ciccolini also performed the work at Lincoln Center, Manhattan

Instrument
 Odnoposoff owned and performed on a compound Amati cello, circa 1680. List of former students

 Christopher Adkins (born 1959), principal cellist with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra (1987–present); former principal cellist with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra
 Fabio Landa (born 1924), cellist, composer, studied with Odnoposoff in Havana, Cuba
 Deborah Petty Brooks (born 1955), Associate Principal Cellist with the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra (1985-1999) and solo cellist of Casa Mañana Musicals (1981–present) and Dallas Summer Musicals (1998–present).References and Further Reading

External links
Conciertos Daniel, an artist management agency, managed the concert tours of <mask> Odnoposoff. Primarily a family business, three generations of family members managed Odnoposoff. <mask> Odnoposoff photo at the Conciertos Daniel website
 Berthe Odnoposoff's bio at the University of North Texas
 Audio sample:  Amadeo Roldan (1900–1939), "Punto cubano," Odnoposoff, cello; Huberman, piano

References

Notes

Inline citations

1917 births
1992 deaths
Argentine classical cellists
American classical cellists
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century American musicians
Jewish Argentine musicians
Jewish American musicians
Argentine emigrants to the United States
American people of Argentine-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Argentine Jews
Argentine people of Russian-Jewish descent
University of North Texas College of Music faculty
Texas classical music
20th-century American

masks: Adolfo Odnoposoff Odnoposoff Odnoposoff Odnoposoff Adolfo Adolfo Adolfo Adolfo


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<mask> (August 18, 1945 – September 20, 2021) was an American singer and actress. She first appeared on the music scene as a member of Patti LaBelle & The Bluebelles. <mask> was later a member of Labelle, and worked as a singer, session musician, and sideman for The Rolling Stones, and Keith Richards. Biography

Early career
The seventh of 13 children, <mask> was born in Trenton, New Jersey. Her father was a pastor at the Trenton Church of Christ, while her mother was a nurse. Although she initially sang gospel music, <mask> turned to secular music as a pre-teen when she formed a vocal duo, the Capris. When she moved to Philadelphia in the mid-1960s she got reacquainted with fellow adopted Philadelphian Nona Hendryx and Philadelphia natives Patricia "Patsy" Holte (AKA Patti LaBelle) and Sundray Tucker.In 1961, following the break-up of a rival girl group, Hendryx and <mask> joined Holte and Tucker in "The Ordettes". In 1961, Tucker was replaced by Philadelphia-born Cindy Birdsong and the quartet became The Bluebelles in 1962. The group changed their name again to Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles after Holte was advised to adopt the stage name of Patti Labelle. Among the Bluebelles hits were the doo-wop classic, "I Sold My Heart to the Junkman" and doo-wop-esque R&B ballads "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "Danny Boy", the top forty classic, "Down the Aisle", the soul standard "All or Nothing" and their now-legendary rendition of "Over the Rainbow", which LaBelle later transformed into a tour-de-force in her 1981 solo cover. <mask> sang with a sharp soprano. Labelle

In 1967, Birdsong left the group to join The Supremes and four years later, The Bluebelles changed their name to Labelle and began recording material that set them apart from other girl groups including songs of political, social and sexual matters, transforming them into a "hard-rocking, sexually and politically outspoken group". Much like The Supremes' Mary Wilson, <mask> was often the "middle" of two of the group's extremes, Nona Hendryx and Patti LaBelle, who often had differed in the group's change of direction before LaBelle eventually agreed to "go along with it".After a tour of England where they changed managers, hiring Vicki Wickham, in 1971, the group ditched their bouffant wigs and dresses for Afros and jeans, releasing transitional records such as Labelle (which included the Hendryx-penned sexual "Morning Much Better") and Moon Shadow (which featured the group's gospel-fueled renditions of the Pete Townshend penned "Won't Get Fooled Again", and Cat Stevens' "Moon Shadow"). During this period, the group gained notice from the mainstream after opening for singer-songwriter Laura Nyro and recording an album, Gonna Take a Miracle, together. They also toured with British rock group The Who, leading up to the 1973 release of Pressure Cookin'  This featured more songwriting from Hendryx and a more unified group effort in which <mask> sang co-lead, including the ballad, "Can I Speak to You Before You Go to Hollywood? ", where <mask> sings most of the song. <mask>'s strong vocals in the group provided for balance and stability when LaBelle and Hendryx occasionally went off on vocal tangents or were pulling audience members up onto the stage to dance. <mask> also wrote several songs. Despite the group's cult raves for their early material, their critical success did not translate to commercial acclaim until the releases of 1974's Nightbirds (which featured the group's biggest smash single of their careers, "Lady Marmalade") and 1975's Phoenix.Following the release of 1976's Chameleon and a 1977 tour, the group agreed to split after the trio failed to come to terms with material (the group were working on an album titled Shaman when they split) and had finally "rocked and rolled themselves out". Solo career
In 1978, <mask> released her self-titled debut album, which included the top-ten disco hit, "Sinner Man". She also performed vocals on several ballads, notably "You," and "We're Lovers After All," and "I Can't Believe Someone Like You Could Really Love Me," (with a full gospel choir backing); she also had another minor disco hit with "(Come and Take) This Candy from Your Baby". <mask> enjoyed much success and television and public appearances with "Sinner Man." At this time, she was asked to compose and sing "For The Love of You" (the theme song for the 1980s PBS show Watch Your Mouth) and "Bringing It All Home." She also guest-starred on an episode of Watch Your Mouth, playing a fictional character, a super diva with an attitude, "Tessie Bright". However, on her Don Kirshner albums, and especially Ooh La La, <mask>, (1980) she was given substandard material to work with, although she wrote "I Feel Good Being Me" for this album.It featured one disco track, "Ooh La La, Too Soon," which was used in a Sassoon jeans commercial, and Phyllis Hyman provided backing vocals to the album. After releasing one more album Close Enough, for Kirshner, which features ballads such as "Somebody's Angel" and "God Bless You," and the rocker, "Paradise," <mask> left Kirshner for other opportunities. In 1983, <mask> released two dance singles for Megatone Records in San Francisco, both produced by Patrick Cowley. The first, "Low Down Dirty Rhythm" was basically ignored, but the second single "Lucky Tonight" (featuring background vocals by Sylvester), was much more successful, even rising to the #5 spot on Billboard'''s Dance Chart, and was even a Billboard "Pick of the Week." <mask>'s next endeavor was the recording she made on the rap record, Satisfaction, for High Fidelity Three in 1985. Also during this time, <mask> did session work for The O'Jays, Nile Rodgers of Chic (duetting on a ballad with Rodgers, "My Love Song for You" from, The Adventures in the Land of the Good Groove), The Marshall Tucker Band, and David Johansen. In the later 1980s, she teamed up with musician Dr. York for the duet "It's Too Late" (for which York took out advertisement space on the cover of Billboard magazine, to little success).Then in 1988 she was signed to Manhattan Records, (via EMI) and released the album entitled You're All I Need. This set included a title track duet with Patti Labelle; a further duet "Don't Make Me Wait" with Ray, Goodman & Brown; and "To Tell You The Truth". It was met with only moderate success, and <mask> did not record another album thereafter. Subsequently, <mask> released a little-noticed dance single in 1990, "When You Talk to Me/ Manhandled," with Disc jockey Jellybean Benitez. A dance music single with gospel lyrics called "Hold On (He'll Be Right There)," produced by Jason King and Gavin Bradley, was released in 2012. Reunited with the Rolling Stones
In 1988, Keith Richards invited <mask> to accompany him on tour: her association with him led to another world tour, a tour with Richards' X-pensive Winos, appearances on two of his albums, and on The Rolling Stones' Steel Wheels album in 1989. With Richards, she guested on Live at the Hollywood Palladium in 1988, and Main Offender, in 1992.In the early 1990s, <mask> developed her own one-woman show, "Dash of Diva," performing at different club venues, as well as doing a more jazz-flavored set that resulted in various appearances. In 1995, she reunited with Patti Labelle and Nona Hendryx to record the track "Turn It Out" for the movie soundtrack, To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, garnering a No. 1 dance music hit in the process. Also in 1988, <mask> was asked to add her backing vocals to the Rolling Stones' Steel Wheels album, which eventually led to a tour with her old friend Keith Richards. They became close when <mask> was still performing with Patti Labelle and The Blue Belles, who opened for Stones in the early 1960s. She recorded the duet "Make No Mistake" with him, and she took the lead vocal on "Time Is on My Side", showcasing her powerful delivery and vocal range, which, Keith has said in his autobiography, is 'the best version of that song he's ever heard'.She also recorded as lead vocalist for "Rock Awhile". For his next album, <mask> wrote and sang another track, "Body Talk". Another highlight during her tour with Richards was her singing the female vocal on "Gimme Shelter." <mask> started the song with her silvery "Oohs' and then cut loose on her solo in the middle of the song. Another contribution is only available on the Keith Richards song "Eileen", a CD single from his album Main Offender on the Virgin Records label. In 1992, <mask> added her background vocals on the collaboration between Bo Diddley and Ronnie Wood's Live at the Ritz album. Later career and Labelle reunion
<mask> made later guest appearances on albums, including Temptation and Persuasions' cut "Greener."From time to time, she also performed jazz/blues shows in small clubs on the east coast. She took a break to work on her autobiography, Dash of Diva. She decided with her friend and confidante Pam Johnson on scripted excerpts and wrote a musical with the same title debut at The Cross Roads Theater in New Brunswick. Labelle, having reunited for television a few times over the years and sporadic recordings, recorded in January 2006, a tribute to civil rights leader Rosa Parks tentatively titled, "Dear Rosa." In 2008, the long-awaited new album from Labelle founders Patti Labelle, Nona Hendryx & <mask>, Back to Now, was released to rave reviews. <mask> sang lead vocals in the group's political song, "System", which featured LaBelle and Hendryx singing side by side to <mask> in autotone, resurrecting songs that did not make the final cut from earlier recordings, including Cole Porter's composition, "Miss Otis Regrets" amongst other songs. <mask>'s voice had taken a while to return after an injury on the New York City Subway and hospitalization, but she recovered her voice by the time of the recording.Producers on the project included Lenny Kravitz, Wyclef Jean, and Philadelphia writer/producers Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff. <mask> headlined for a month in the San Francisco Cirque du Soleil-influenced Teatro Zinzanni and performed at the 2007 Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, Transgender parade. She also worked on a gospel album at the time. <mask> was honored by her hometown of Trenton, New Jersey, by being the grand marshal in the annual Thanksgiving Day Parade. The parade was held on Saturday November 22, 2008. The honor was presented to <mask> during a time when her hometown of Trenton was at a point where morale was at an all-time low and violent crimes such as murder reached an all-time high. The hope was that such honors would spark encouragement in the city and show that people from Trenton can reach a measure of success with hard work.It was announced in 2012 that <mask> planned to release a full-length gospel album. She released a ballad from the album called "I'm Still Here" in late 2011, and a dance music single "Hold On (He'll Be Right There)," in May 2012. <mask> along with the group LaBelle, were inducted into the Philadelphia Music Alliance Walk of Fame in October 2017. In 2016, <mask> was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award by The National R&B Music Society. Charity work

Much of <mask>'s focus since the early 1990s was on helping to raise money for homeless single women with children in New York. <mask> received a citation from the deputy Mayor of New York City, Ruth Messinger, for her work and efforts in the underprivileged New York City community where she raised funds. <mask> collected donations and funds she acquired for these mothers and their children which included clothing, toys, books, after-school activities, excursions to amusement parks, theater in the parks, and food.Personal life

<mask> was married briefly and had no children. The author of an autobiography, Dash of Diva, <mask> also wrote and appeared in a self-penned musical of the same title that was presented at the Cross Roads Theater in New Brunswick, New Jersey. <mask> died unexpectedly on September 20, 2021, at the age of 76. No cause of death was given. <mask>'s last performance was on September 18, 2021 (two days before her death) in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Patti LaBelle called <mask> <mask>, 1978, Kirshner RecordsOoh La La, <mask>, 1980, Kirshner RecordsClose Enough, 1983, Kirshner RecordsYou're All I Need, 1988, EMI

Singles
"Sinner Man", 1978, Kirshner Records
"(Come and Take This) Candy from Your Baby", 1978, Kirshner
"Ooh La La Too Soon", 1980, Kirshner
"Leaving Again", 1983, Kirshner
"Low Down Dirty Rhythm", 1983, Megatone Records
"Lucky Tonight", 1983, Megatone Records
"Satisfaction" (with High Fidelity Three), 1985, Cutting Records
"It's Too Late" (with Dr. York), 1985
"Feel Good", 1988, EMI
"When You Talk to Me", 1990, EMI-Manhattan
"Sparkle" (with Ari Gold), 2011, Gold 18 Records
"Hold On (He'll Be Right There)", 2012, Superlatude
"Sinner Man", 2021 Remixes, House Of Pride Music (#1 Kings Of Spin, #1 Masspool Dance Chart, #2 Starfleet Dance Chart)

Film and televisionSOUL!, 1968Sgt.Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band, 1978, MCAMidnight Special, 1978Merv Griffin Show, 1978Dinah Shore Show, 1978Dance Fever, 1978Soul Train, 1978Don Kirshner's Rock Concert, 1978Watch Your Mouth (acting as character 'Tessie Bright'), 1978, PBSSoul Train, 1978Mr. SOUL!, 2018 (archival footage)

TheaterTeatro Zinzanni (San Francisco), May – August 2007

References

Sources
Lewis, Pete. "Labelle in-depth interview by Pete Lewis, Blues & Soul May 2009"
Dillinger, Tim. "Interview with <mask>" June 2007. Available:  iTunes. "Gals Too Big for Broadway." PlanetOut.com  (2006)
LaBelle, Patti, with Laura B. Randolph (1996)."Don't Block the Blessings: Revelations of a Lifetime." New York, NY: Riverhead Books. .
Pratt, Paul E. "Zinzanni Adds <mask> of Diva to 'Ceative Fantasy'" San Fanciso Bay Times. July 5, 2007 http://www.sfbaytimes.com/?sec=article&article_id=6595
Schaefer, Stephen. "<mask>:  RED." Disco World. March 1979, p. 32. Taraborrelli, Randy J."<mask>: The Next Group I Join Will Be Group Health Insurance." Inside Gossip. March 1989, p. 32. Teatro Zinzanni website  "Bio" May 2007. Available:  http://love.zinzanni.org/cast.htm
West, Damon. "<mask>: One Hot Lady." In Touch Magazine.''June 1990, p. 18. External links
<mask>'s MySpace page

1945 births
2021 deaths
American sopranos
20th-century African-American women singers
American disco musicians
American dance musicians
American soul musicians
Singers from New Jersey
Musicians from Philadelphia
Labelle members
Musicians from Trenton, New Jersey
Singers from Pennsylvania
Actors from Trenton, New Jersey
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women

masks:
Sarah Dash
Dash
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<mask> (born 10 July 1969) is a British Labour Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rotherham since 2012. <mask> studied Psychology at Sheffield University. Before entering Parliament, she ran art workshops and was employed as the Chief Executive of a children's hospice in Rotherham. <mask> was first elected to Parliament at the 2012 by-election. <mask> was appointed by Jeremy Corbyn as Shadow Minister for Preventing Abuse in September 2015, but resigned in June 2016, following a vote of no confidence in Corbyn. However, she returned to the frontbench in July 2016. In October 2016, she was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Women and Equalities.In August 2017, <mask> resigned from her post following criticism of an opinion piece she wrote for The Sun that discussed what she termed the problem of white girls being raped and exploited by British Pakistani men, and which fellow Labour MP Naz Shah described as "incendiary and irresponsible". Early life
<mask> was born in Maldon. She attended Prince William School in Oundle, then graduated with a BA degree in psychology from the University of Sheffield in 1991. Career
After working as a volunteer at Sheffield's St Luke's Hospice and running art workshops at the city's Abbeydale Road Secondary School she gained full-time employment, running Rotherham Arts Centre from 1992 to 1994. <mask> then worked as an Arts Development Officer for Ashfield District Council. She ran the Chinese Arts Centre in Manchester from 1996 to 2008, and was the Chief Executive of the Bluebell Wood Children's Hospice in North Anston, Rotherham from 2008 to 2012. In November 2012 she was selected to be Labour's candidate for the upcoming Rotherham by-election, which was triggered by the resignation of the constituency's MP, Denis MacShane.<mask> was chosen to stand for Parliament from a shortlist chosen by the party. She was elected as MP for Rotherham on 29 November with 9,866 votes (a 46.25% overall share of the vote). Jane Collins of the UK Independence Party was second with 4,648 votes (21.79%), achieving that party's best result in a by-election. Labour achieved a majority of 5,218 (24.46%), an increase in terms of percentage from Rotherham's 2010 general election result, but a decrease in the actual number of votes cast. <mask> is Rotherham's first female MP. In an interview with BBC Radio Sheffield on 30 November 2012, <mask> said that she does not regard herself as being a career politician: "There are some people who from the moment they were born wanted to be a politician. Whereas for me, since I started working I've always been working with the community and I want to carry on doing that."In a 2014 BBC interview, <mask> admitted that she rarely attends Prime Minister's Questions. On 7 May 2015, <mask> was re-elected as the Member of Parliament for Rotherham with a 52.5% share of the vote. She secured 19,860 votes, increasing her majority by over 3,000. She was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015. In September 2017, the political commentator Iain Dale placed <mask> at Number 92 on his list of the '100 most influential people on the Left'. In November 2017, a fly-on-the-wall BBC documentary Labour: The Summer that Changed Everything made during the 2017 general election campaign was shown, with <mask> as one of four MPs critical of Jeremy Corbyn's leadership who were followed for six weeks. The documentary showed <mask> stating "I don't believe you can be a leader if nobody's following you", and the MPs' surprise at the election result.<mask> discussed the psychological stresses of the campaign and being at parliament, and that she did not feel tough enough to go back to parliament the day after the result. In the 2019 general election, <mask> was re-elected as MP for Rotherham with a majority of 3,121. Parliament
<mask> was formerly a member of the Transport Select Committee, Parliamentary Private Secretary to Shadow Education Secretary Tristram Hunt, Chair of the All-party parliamentary group (APPG) on Victims and Witnesses, Chair of the All-party Parliamentary Group on Choice at the End of Life, and Co-chair All-party Parliamentary Health Group. Since 2020 she is Chair of the International Development Committee. <mask> has chaired the All-party Parliamentary Group on Street Children since November 2021. <mask> was appointed Shadow Minister for 'preventing abuse and domestic violence' in 2015. She resigned from this position on 28 June 2016, in the wake of criticism of Jeremy Corbyn's approach towards the EU referendum following a vote to leave the EU.Child sexual exploitation
In November 2013, it was announced that <mask>, in partnership with children's charity Barnardos, would lead a cross-party inquiry to investigate the effectiveness of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 in tackling child sexual exploitation and trafficking within the UK. <mask> conducted an inquiry with Barnardo's in 2013 to investigate how effectively children were, at that time, protected by the law from sexual exploitation. Later, in July 2014, and as a result of her inquiry, <mask> managed to make an amendment to the Criminal Justice and Courts Bill that allowed a person caught arranging to meet a child for sex to be convicted straight away. Previously, the person had to be caught twice. In January 2016, <mask> launched a campaign called Dare2Care that focuses on preventing child abuse and the normalisation of violence in young people's relationships The campaign has launched a website, putting tools and resources for young people, parents and professionals in one place. These are intended to help better inform people on how to tackle child abuse and relationship violence. Later in March she publicly criticised the Prime Minister over a failure to carry out pledges made the previous year in tackling with child abuse.<mask> criticised the lack of progress over a national child abuse task force and a whistleblowing portal that had no 'taskforce to blow to' as well as the failure to begin a consultation on extending the offence of wilful neglect to children's social care, education and councils. Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal

In response to the Jay Report, released in August 2014, which found 1,400 victims of child sexual exploitation in Rotherham between 1997 and 2013, <mask> applauded the council for apologising and accepting the report. The following week <mask> put a short question to the Home Secretary, saying she was angry, and asked for necessary resources to solve the problems. In October 2014, <mask> secured additional funding to appoint Jayne Senior, a specialist in child sexual exploitation, to support the 1,400 victims of child abuse in Rotherham. In November 2014, <mask> asked the Prime Minister to support Rotherham's victims and to ensure that procedures are in place to prevent such widespread abuse happening again. The Prime Minister replied in part that the Home Office was leading "this important effort" in getting departments to work together. In 2015, three Rotherham Labour MPs, Kevin Barron, <mask> and John Healey, started a defamation legal action against UKIP MEP Jane Collins after Collins falsely alleged in a UKIP conference speech that the three MPs knew about child exploitation in Rotherham but did not intervene, and in February 2017 the MPs were awarded £54,000 each in damages.Gender pay equality
In December 2014, <mask> took a Ten Minute Rule Bill to Parliament, asking for the mandatory publishing of figures of the pay gap between men and women in any company of over 250 employees. The Bill was overwhelmingly supported by MPs, with 258 voting in support and just 8 voting against. In July 2015 the Prime Minister, David Cameron, announced that the Government would be adopting the measures put forward in <mask>'s Bill. Brexit
Champion repeatedly voted against Theresa May's Brexit deal. On 16 July 2019, <mask> stated: "If my party comes out as a remain party rather than trying to find a deal or rather than trying to exit, I can't support that, it goes against democracy". She said she would rather support a "no-deal Brexit"  than remain in the EU, as she believed Labour had to deliver the result of the 2016 referendum. Shadow Minister for Preventing Abuse
<mask> was appointed as Shadow Minister for Preventing Abuse by Jeremy Corbyn in September 2015.In June 2016, <mask> resigned as shadow Home Office minister focusing on women, equality and domestic violence after Labour MPs passed a motion of no confidence in Jeremy Corbyn. However, the next month she returned to the frontbench in the same post. In September 2016, it became known that <mask> had been cautioned by police in 2007 after a violent altercation with her husband while they were about to divorce. <mask> admitted she had "lost control" and said: "I'm not proud of what happened and I accept I was in the wrong but I have nothing to hide. I lost control after being provoked for years and for that I am sorry but I felt extremely vulnerable at that moment". Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities
In October 2016, the leader of the Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn appointed <mask> to the role of Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities. In November 2016, <mask> launched Dare2Care, a National Action Plan for Preventing Child Abuse and Violence in Teenage Relationships.Among <mask>'s key recommendations is the compulsory introduction of resilience and relationships education for all children from Key Stage One. In August 2017, on BBC Radio 4's Today programme she said that "more people are afraid to be called a racist than they are afraid to be wrong about calling out child abuse". Her statements were followed by an opinion piece for The Sun titled "British Pakistani men ARE raping and exploiting white girls ... and it's time we faced up to it". The article went on to suggest that "Britain has a problem with British Pakistani men raping and exploiting white girls". Fellow Labour MP Naz Shah criticised <mask>'s statements, describing the headline as incendiary and irresponsible, and claiming that 90% of child sexual abusers were white men. A few days later, <mask> distanced herself from The Sun article, which she said should "not have gone out in my name", stating that the beginning of the article had been altered by the newspaper's staff resulting in the piece being "stripped of nuance". The newspaper said the article's final form had been approved by her team, and later produced an email from one of her aides confirming she was actually "thrilled" by the article.<mask> resigned from her post on 16 August 2017. Backbenches
She was re-elected with a reduced majority at the 2019 general election. In 2021 she co-sponsored the Marriage and Civil Partnership (Minimum Age) Bill. Personal life
In 1999 <mask> married Graham Hoyland, a BBC producer and explorer. The couple divorced in 2007. References

External links
<mask> at Labour.org.uk

Dare2Care.org.uk

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1969 births
Living people
21st-century British women politicians
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
21st-century English women
21st-century English people

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Sarah Deborah Champion
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<mask> ForMemRS (February 27, 1942 – December 19, 2021) was an American chemist and the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He was a co-recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on olefin metathesis. <mask> was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for developments in catalysts that have enabled commercial products. He was a co-founder of Materia, a university spin-off startup to produce catalysts. Early life and education
<mask> was born on February 27, 1942, on a farm in Marshall County, Kentucky, midway between Possum Trot and Calvert City. His parents were <mask> and Faye (Atwood<mask>. Faye was a schoolteacher.After serving in World War II, the family moved to Paducah, Kentucky, where <mask> trained as a diesel mechanic, and <mask> attended Paducah Tilghman High School. At the University of Florida, <mask> initially intended to study agriculture chemistry. However, he was convinced by professor Merle A. Battiste to switch to organic chemistry. Working with Battiste, he became interested in how chemical reactions occur. He received his B.S. in 1963 and M.S. in 1965 from the University of Florida.Next, Grubbs attended Columbia University, where he worked with Ronald Breslow on organometallic compounds which contain carbon-metal bonds. Grubbs received his PhD in 1968. Career
<mask> worked with James Collman at Stanford University as a National Institutes of Health fellow during 1968–1969. With Collman, he began to systematically investigate catalytic processes in organometallic chemistry, a then relatively new area of research. In 1969, <mask> was appointed to the faculty of Michigan State University, where he began his work on olefin metathesis. <mask>, Gerasimos J. Karabatsos, Gene LeGoff, Don Farnum, Bill Reusch and Pete Wagner served as his early mentors at MSU. <mask> was an assistant professor from 1969 to 1973, and an associate professor from 1973 to 1978.He received a Sloan Fellowship for 1974–1976. In 1975, he went to the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim, Germany on a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. In 1978, Grubbs moved to California Institute of Technology as a professor of chemistry. As of 1990 he became the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry. , Grubbs has an h-index of 160 according to Google Scholar and of 137 according to Scopus. Commercial activities
Both first and second generation Grubbs catalysts were commercially available from Materia, a startup company that Grubbs co-founded with Mike Giardello in Pasadena, California, in 1998. Materia has been able to obtain exclusive rights to manufacture many of the known olefin catalysts.Under Giardello, Materia was able to sell their catalysts through Sigma-Aldrichs chemicals catalogue. Sigma-Aldrich became their exclusive worldwide provider. In 2008, Materia partnered with Cargill to form Elevance Renewable Sciences to produce specialty chemicals from renewable oils, including biofuels. In 2017, Materia sold its catalyst business to Umicore. In 2021, Materia was acquired by ExxonMobil. <mask> was a member of the Reliance Innovation Council formed by Reliance Industries Limited, India. Grubbs was a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Advisory Board.Research
<mask>'s main research interests were in organometallic chemistry and synthetic chemistry, particularly the development of novel catalysts for olefin metathesis. In olefin metathesis, a catalyst is used to break the bonds of carbon molecules, which can then re-form to create chemical bonds in new ways, producing new compounds with unique properties. The basic technique can be used for creation of polymers, pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals and has broad applications in areas including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture, and plastics. <mask> was instrumental in developing a family of ruthenium catalysts, including <mask> catalyst for olefin metathesis. He studied olefin transformations for ring-closing metathesis (RCM), cross-metathesis reaction (CMR), and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with cyclic olefins such as norbornene. He also contributed to the development of "living polymerization", in which the termination ability of a polymerization reaction is removed. The polymer will continue to replicate until a quenching agent is presented.The Grubbs group successfully polymerized the 7-oxo norbornene derivative using ruthenium trichloride, osmium trichloride as well as tungsten alkylidenes. They identified a Ru(II) carbene as an effective metal center and in 1992 published the first well-defined, ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalyst, (PPh3)2Cl2Ru=CHCH=CPh2. The corresponding tricyclohexylphosphine complex (PCy3)2Cl2Ru=CHCH=CPh2 was also shown to be active. This work culminated in the now commercially available first-generation Grubbs catalyst in 1995. Second generation catalysts were developed as well. Ruthenium is stable in air and has higher selectivity and lower reactivity than molybdenum, the most promising of the previously discovered catalysts. In addition, Grubbs took a green chemistry approach to catalysis that reduced the potential to create hazardous waste.The Grubbs catalyst has become a standard for general metathesis applications in ordinary laboratories. By controlling the catalyst used, it became possible to synthesize polymers with specialized structures and functional capabilities, including cyclic olefins, alternating copolymers, and multiblock copolymers. Using catalysts allows chemists to speed up chemical transformations and to lower the cost of what were previously complicated multi-step industrial processes. Personal life
While at Columbia University, Grubbs also met his future wife, <mask>'Kane, a special-education teacher, with whom he had three children: Barney (born 1972), Brendan H. (born 1974) and Kathleen (Katy) (born 1977). Grubbs died from a heart attack at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center in Duarte, California on December 19, 2021, at age 79. At the time of his death, he was being treated for lymphoma. Awards and honors
<mask> received the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Richard R. Schrock and Yves Chauvin, for his work in the field of olefin metathesis.

masks:
Robert Howard Grubbs
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Grubbs
Howard
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Harold Hart
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<mask> (, born 21 December 1977), is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Kulanu. She previously served as deputy mayor and member of the Jerusalem City Council. Biography
<mask> was born in Jerusalem to <mask>, a Tunisian-Jewish immigrant to Israel, and Sharon Friedman, an American Jewish immigrant to Israel. She grew up on moshav Beit Gamliel and was educated in the National Religious school system. After serving in the Israel Defense Forces, <mask> studied at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she earned a BA in Psychology and a master's degree in conflict resolution. She won the Tami Steinmetz Prize for her master's thesis on the self-perception of the founders of the first Israeli settlements in Samaria. She was a member of the debating team at the Hebrew University, participating in debates in the European and World Championships.She participated in the Shalom Hartman Institute's Young National Religious Leadership program from 2001 to 2003. She is fluent in English. <mask> is married to Elyashiv, a Talmud teacher, and has four children, and lives in Jerusalem. She held US citizenship prior to her entering the Knesset, when she had to give it up as a condition of becoming an MK. Social activism
Since 1998, <mask> has been engaged in environmental activism. She serves as a member of the Board of Green Course, Israel's largest volunteer environmental organization. She has also been involved in issues related to Israel's national health basket, the Ashkelon coal plant, and the social impact of government economic plans.<mask> was Director of Mavoi Satum from 2004-2007. It is a nonprofit organization which assists Jewish women who have been denied a gett, a religiously accepted divorce, by their husbands. Under her leadership, the number of women who received a gett with assistance from organization tripled, and Mavoi Satum won recognition as the main advocacy organization in this field in Israel. Political career
<mask> was a founding member of the Yerushalmim political party in 2008 and served as its Chair until she was elected to the Knesset in 2015. Jerusalem city council  (2008-2015)
In 2008 <mask> was elected to the Jerusalem City Council. In her first term she held the early childhood education and community councils portfolios. But in 2011 The Jewish Daily Forward interviewed <mask> about punishment she had suffered on the council for standing up for legal rights of women.Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat stripped her of her portfolios to punish her for petitioning Israel's High Court of Justice to enforce an earlier ruling requiring police to prevent illegal gender segregation on the streets of Mea Shearim, an ultra-Orthodox neighborhood of Jerusalem. After her reelection in 2013 she was appointed Deputy Mayor of Jerusalem as head of the Yerushalmim faction on the Jerusalem city council. As of January 2015, she holds the education portfolio and women's rights portfolio. As leader of the Yerushalmim party, <mask> has promoted "Community Kashrut," an effort to make kosher certification on food items a matter of trust between food establishments and their customers. Yerushalmim expects the project to open the kosher market to greater competition and to dislodge the monopoly the Chief Rabbinate of Israel exercises in Israel as the only source of kosher certification. When a company responsible for placing ads on Jerusalem buses refused to run a campaign poster with her picture on it because ultra-Orthodox Jews object to posting women's pictures in public places, Azaria petitioned the court to force the buses to carry her ads. She has been engaged in the campaign to fight various types of exclusion, such as banning women from singing in public, separating women from men on city sidewalks, forcing women to sit at the back of the bus and the elimination of pictures of women in advertising.In a panel at the Brookings Institution, <mask> stated the efforts to promote women's rights has served as a bridge between Orthodox Jewish women and Israeli Arab women who grapple with similar issues and have begun to push for a voice in their communities. In 2014, <mask> spoke at a peace rally condemning all forms of violence: "We all, Haredim, secular, religious Zionists and Palestinians are against violence, in our city and everywhere." Member of Knesset (2015-2019)
In January 2015,  she joined Moshe Kahlon's Kulanu party, and announced that she would seek a Knesset seat under the party's banner. While Israelis can hold dual citizenship, a Basic Law passed in 1958 says that Knesset members cannot pledge allegiance as parliamentarians unless they give up foreign citizenship. <mask> renounced her American citizenship before joining the Knesset in March. In December 2015, the Knesset approved a preliminary reading of legislation <mask> sponsored to enable fathers to take more time off from work to care for their infants. The proposed changes to the Women's Labor Law and the National Insurance Law passed with a vote of 49 in favor and none against.In May 2018, <mask> led a group of 10 female MKs who boycotted speeches by fellow MK Yehuda Glick after it was revealed that Glick had met with a Gett refuser on Knesset grounds. It was not immediately clear why Glick — who had previously spoken in favor of prenuptial agreements to avoid the problems associated with gett refusal — had invited the get refuser, and there was no comment from his office after the story broke. Approximately a week later, Glick posted to his Facebook page explaining that he was mediating the conflict between the estranged husband and wife. With the post, Glick attached a video showing <mask> and the other MKs not letting him speak from the Knesset plenum and criticized <mask> for not attempting to privately ask him for an explanation before publicly attacking him. The next day, Glick posted a picture with him and Azaria together noting that he had accepted her initiative to bury the hatche. Return to Jerusalem politics
In June 2018, <mask> announced that she would run for Mayor of Jerusalem in the 2018 Jerusalem mayoral election, though she had not yet secured the support of her former party at the time of her announcement. In July, the party decided to allow <mask> to return as its head.In response, the outgoing head of the party, Fleur Hassan-Nahoum chose to join <mask>'s opponent, Ze'ev Elkin. Hassan-Nahoum said she was surprised when <mask> decided to run, and noted that she had a "real issue" with <mask>'s candidacy splitting the city's pluralistic vote. In response, <mask> called it "unfortunate" that Hassan-Nahoum chose to leave the party after their decision and wished her good luck. In September, <mask> decided to withdraw her name from the ballot and support Likud’s Environmental Protection Minister Ze'ev Elkin. <mask> returned to her role in the Knesset. She continued in this role until the government body officially passed a law dispersing itself in late December 2018. Following this announcement, <mask> announced in early January 2019 that she would be leaving the Kulanu party for the upcoming elections.See also
Women in Israel
Female representation in local government in Israel

References

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1977 births
Living people
Deputy Mayors of Jerusalem
Israeli feminists
Israeli Mizrahi Jews
Israeli people of Tunisian-Jewish descent
Israeli people of American-Jewish descent
Women members of the Knesset
Kulanu politicians
Members of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)
Former United States citizens
21st-century Israeli women politicians

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