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<mask> (31 December 1874 – 24 July 1947) was an English composer, music arranger and editor. Although little-remembered today (he does not even have an entry in the comprehensive New Grove dictionary), <mask>'s orchestral music enjoyed some success in its own time, including performances at the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts and on BBC Radio during the 1920s. He was a prolific composer of songs, covering a wide spectrum of mood, from serious Shakespearean settings to ballads of both sentimental and robust natures. He found some success writing piano pieces and unison songs for children. He also made piano transcriptions of the work of other composers, a particularly common practice of the time. Life and works
He was born <mask> in Poplar, London (now in the borough of Tower Hamlets), the son of Elizabeth and <mask>, a shirt tailor. <mask> was the younger brother of baritone and composer <mask> (1872–1951).He first worked for the Board of Trade and then pursued a career in business. Largely self-taught, by 1902 he had composed a piano sextet (first performed in 1910) and by the age of about 30 he had turned to music as a career. He worked as a copy-editor and reviser for the London music publisher Robert Elkin (Elkin & Co.), where he edited some of Cyril Scott's piano works for publication. According to <mask>, Scott's manuscripts were not always legible, and "the published result was occasionally his personal 'best guess' as to the intentions of the composer." He gave a concert of his own works in November 1908 in Wallington, London, including two Piano Trios (No. 2, Op.15, and No. 4), his brother <mask> singing some songs along with Miss Grainger-Kerr (also a proponent of Cyril Scott's vocal works); a Piano Trio was also performed in November 1909.<mask> was described as being "well known as an apostle of modernism" in a review of his Songs From The Highway, also published in 1909: "In his case the tendency manifests itself in the form of indefinite tonality and rhythm. 'Love's Tragedy', for instance, [...] is practically unbarred, and the accentuation is left to the discrimination of the singer, with whom it is to be hoped the accompanist will be in sympathy." He had a passable baritone voice, and performed Norman O'Neill's setting of Keat's La Belle Sans Merci for baritone and orchestra at the Queen's Hall on 27 January 1910. Another concert devoted to his own piano works and songs was given at St. James's Hall, London in November 1910; the solo pianist was <mask>, the singers were Cecily Gleeson-White, Miss Grainger-Kerr, William Higley (who sang the title role in The Flying Dutchman at the Proms in 1905) and <mask>, accompanied by Harold Brooke (professional pianist and editor at Novello & Co. who worked with Elgar on the publication of his Piano Quintet). A considerable proportion of his output consisted of short piano pieces and unison songs suitable for children, and in an advertisement for his music in 1916 it was thought that "more than doubtful whether he has a rival among modern British composers who specialise in educational music." The orchestral suite Stella-Mary Dances was written in memory of his oldest daughter who died in 1917, aged 12. They were played (along with his Vicar of Bray variations) on BBC Radio on 15 November 1929; the broadcast was followed by a concert of music from The Beggar's Opera by his brother Frederic, who also conducted.One of his best-known works is The Pilgrim's Progress, a 12-section narrative tone poem setting for a solo organ of the work by John Bunyan; it takes about 2¾ hours to perform. There is a text which explains what is happening at each stage of the music which can be read by a narrator, and in the 12th movement, there are optional parts for choir (SSATTB), bells, and a solo violin. It was revived in November 1988 at St. Michael's, Cornhill, London, by organist Kevin Bowyer, who continues to perform it on occasion. The song Farewell by Havergal Brian from his Op. 6 (Three Songs for contralto or baritone) - his first surviving work, from 1902 - was dedicated to <mask>, as was Battle Song, from 6 Characteristic Songs, Op. 22, by Joseph Holbrooke. Thoughts on music for children
From a letter by <mask> to The Musical Times in 1918 about the music for the Associated Board exams:

"I close with an appeal to teachers.The future of English music rests with your pupils. These children are being  trained for the ultimate purposes of deriving personal delight from the art and giving it to others. If the music they study gives them no pleasure, if they miss intimacy with the composer's idea—then it is so much wasted time. If you demand, as you have a right to demand, the right kind of music for them, you will get it. Publishers are in business to supply what you most need, but your needs must be known to them. Children have a good deal of latent romance and poetic insight, and music can bring this out and develop it with magical swiftness. By feeding every poetic tendency, often very personal and original, you will be building up, in each of them, a love for beauty which will never leave them.That would be great work, for what else is this life-quest in which we are all engaged? Do we get a fraction of the delight in living that we feel we are justly  entitled to? Those of us who live on, bearing the inevitable blows of sorrow, can turn to music and other forms of Beauty and find in them the secret compensations of the Creator. Our children have the same road to travel, and they also must be prepared." Family
He was married twice, firstly to Stella Reeve Muskett (b. 1874—d. Wallington, April or May 1925), with whom he had two daughters, Stella Mary (died 30 May 1917, aged 12; his orchestral suite Stella-Mary Dances, Op.58, was composed in her memory): and Margaret (1912-?).He married secondly Nell (maiden name unknown), died 12 April 1934. Selected works

Orchestra
March for a Pageant (1910)
Variations on The Vicar of Bray, Op.35, for string orchestra (FP the Proms 1910, also conducted by <mask> at a Prom on 9 October 1913) Also arraranged for solo piano
Stella-Mary Dances, Op.58, orchestral suite (1918, played at the Proms)
Sweet Night, for flute, clarinet, cornet, and string orchestra
Symphony

Chamber
Sextet for two violins, cello, clarinet, horn and piano (1902)
5 Piano Trios for violin, cello and piano (with optional parts for flute and French horn)
 Trio No. 2 In Field and Forest, Op.15, (c1908)
 Trio No. 4, Op.26, (1909)
 Trio No. 5, Folk Tune Fantasy, Op.65
Music-poem for violin and piano, Op.29
Lyric Sonata, Op.70, for violin and piano (1925)

Organ
The Pilgrim's Progress, Op.41; 12-movement narrative tone poem in 4 parts, with optional choir (SSATTB), bells, solo violin and narrator (1912–1920). Piano
Sonata No.1, Op.1 (privately printed)
 Sonata No.2, Op.31
12 Simple Sonatinas on national themes, 2 Books, Op.38 (c1911)
 Folk Tune Studies in variation form (First Book), Op.42 - Primary Grade (English Fingering)
Suites: 4 English Pastorals, Op.43 (1915); To Music (7 movements); Under Blue Skies; 6 Dream Themes (Op. 74); around 25 Tone Stanzas (1908–1924)
2 books of Preludes, Op.56
Indian Pipe Dance (1921)
14 Sonatinas for children, on English folk-songs
Through the Eyes of Youth
Diversions: eight pieces for piano (1928)
Four Pastorals, Op.71
Moods and Melodies: Seven easy pieces, Op.72
Dream Themes, Book 1, Op.74
Piano Pieces, Op.81
The Garden of Music, (editor), a series of grade pieces by various composers
Transcriptions of songs by Edward Elgar for solo piano, Sevillana, Mot d'Amour, Like to the damask rose, Queen Mary's song, A song of Autumn (1926)
Transcription for piano of the Minuet from Elgar's incidental music to a play about Beau Brummell, by Bertram P. Matthews (1928)

Songs
Collections and song-cycles
Songs of Love and Nature, Op.2. A Sheaf of Songs, Op.6 (1907) (5) (inc. Two Songs of Rest, words by <mask>)
Songs from the Highway, Op.16 (1909)
Songs from the Ravel, Op.30 (1907) (Words for Musical Setting.) A Book of Prose-Lyrics from Life and Nature. Six Silly Songs for Sensible Children (1924) ("Words and music by <mask>'s friend <mask>, and by  <mask>'s friend <mask>")
Individual songs
Aspiration; Fountain Song; I Made Thee Mine; The Infinite Voice; Life; Sigh No More Ladies (also arr. violin or cello, and piano); April Wears a Smiling Face; Tony the Turtle; Cradle Song; Sea Dogs; Sleep Little Rose; Sweet Night; The Woodland Tailor; A Song of Folly; Thoughts (vocal setting of Brahms's waltz, op.39 no.15)

Choral
With organ: Communion service in G (1912)
With orchestra:
Gelert, Op.11, dramatic legend (1908);
Hymn of Apollo (words by Percy Shelley) (fp 1917, by the Leeds Choral Union cond. by Dr. Henry Coward), repeated the next year Also given by the Glasgow Choral and Orchestral Union in the autumn of 1919 under Landon Ronald, and again in 1922
Ode to a Grecian Urn (Shelley)
8-part chorus: Hymn to the night  (words by Henry Longfellow) (performed in Leeds, 12 March 1919)
Female voices: The Dream Maker; Shed No Tear (SSAA)
Male voices: Home on the Range (cowboy song)
Unison songs for children, inc. Op.3 and Op. 69

Books
The Story of Music Printing (1913)
The Fairyland of Music (1922);  subtitled 'A fairy story with music'.References
Notes

Sources
 Philip L. Scowcroft: British Light Music Composers ()

English Romantic composers
20th-century classical composers
Composers for pipe organ
English classical composers
1874 births
1947 deaths
People from Poplar, London
English male classical composers
20th-century English composers
20th-century British male musicians
19th-century British male musicians

masks:
Ernest John Austin
Austin
Ernest John Austin
William Austin
Ernest Austin
Frederic Austin
Austin
Frederic Austin
Austin
Ernest Lees
Frederic Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Ernest Austin
Ernest Bryson
Ernest Bryson
Ernest Austin


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Admiral Sir <mask>  (20 February 1768 – 20 July 1838) was a British naval officer. He was born at Douglan, near Langholm, Scotland, on 20 February 1768, the third son of <mask> of Burnfoot, Langholm, in Dumfriesshire, a sheep farmer, and his wife Margaret, the sister of Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley. His brothers were Sir <mask>, Sir <mask>, and Sir <mask>. 1778–1793, Midshipman to Lieutenant
He entered the navy in 1778, during the American Revolutionary War, on the books of the , commanded by his uncle, Captain Pasley. With Pasley he afterwards served in the , in the squadron under Commodore George Johnstone, and was present at the action in Porto Praya and at the capture of the Dutch Indiamen in Saldanha Bay. In 1782 the Jupiter carried out Admiral Pigot to the West Indies. <mask> was thus brought under the admiral's notice, was taken by him into the flagship, and some months later, on 3 March 1783, was promoted to be lieutenant of the Jupiter.He continued serving during the peace, and in 1793, at the beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars, was first lieutenant of the Penelope frigate on the Jamaica station, under the command of Captain Bartholomew Rowley. The Penelope's service was peculiarly active. In company with the Iphigenia she captured the French frigate Inconstante, on the coast of San Domingo, on 25 November 1793; she captured or cut out many privateers or merchant vessels; and <mask>, as first lieutenant, commanded her boats in several sharp conflicts. 1794–1804, Post-Captain
Early in 1794 Commodore Ford took him into his flagship the , and on 3 April promoted him to the command of the Jack Tar, which he took to England. On 22 October he was posted, and a few days later appointed to the  frigate. In February 1795 he convoyed a fleet of merchant ships to the Mediterranean; thence he went to Quebec, and afterwards was employed for some time in the North Sea. Later on he was sent out to the East Indies, and towards the end of 1797 into the China Seas, under the command of Captain Edward Cooke, in whose company he entered Manila Bay under false colours, on 14 January 1798 in the bloodless Raid on Manila, and carried off three Spanish gunboats.After some further cruising among the islands the Fox returned to India, where, on 18 June, <mask> was appointed by Rear-Admiral Rainier to be his flag captain in the , and afterwards in the . He continued to serve in this capacity during the war. On her homeward passage, in 1803, the Victorious proved exceedingly leaky, and, meeting with heavy weather in the North Atlantic, was with difficulty kept afloat till she reached the Tagus, where she was run ashore and broken up. <mask>, with the officers and crew, returned to England in two vessels which he chartered at Lisbon. 1804–1805, Battle of Trafalgar
In February 1804 <mask> went out to the Mediterranean in the , in which, on her arrival, Sir Richard Bickerton hoisted his flag, and <mask> was appointed to the , then with Nelson blockading Toulon. He was, however, almost immediately sent to Naples, where, or in the neighbourhood, he remained during the year. His transfer to the  in July did not change his station.It was not till the beginning of 1805 that he was permitted to rejoin the flag, and to exchange into the , in time to take part in the celebrated pursuit of the French fleet to the West Indies (see Horatio Nelson). On the return of the fleet to the Channel, the Donegal, with others, was sent to reinforce Collingwood off Cadiz, and was still there when Nelson resumed the command on 28 September. On 17 October Donegal was sent to Gibraltar for water and a hurried refit. On the 20th <mask> learnt that the combined fleet was coming out of Cadiz. His ship was then in the Mole, nearly dismantled; but by the greatest exertions he got her out that night, and on the 22nd she sailed from Gibraltar with her foreyard towing alongside. It was blowing a gale from the westward, but she succeeded in getting through the Straits, and on the morning of the 24th rejoined the fleet, too late for the battle of Trafalgar, fought on the 21st, but in time to render most valuable assistance to the disabled ships and more disabled prizes. She captured the Rayo, which had made a sally from Cadiz on the 23rd; and in the night of the 24th, when some of the prisoners on board the French ship  cut the cable and let her go on shore, on which she almost immediately broke up, the Donegal's boats succeeded in saving a considerable number of her men.She afterwards took charge of the Spanish prize Bahama, and brought her to Gibraltar. Writing to Sir Thomas Pasley on 16 December Collingwood said: "Everybody was sorry <mask> was not there [sc. at Trafalgar], because everybody knows his spirit, and his skill would have acquired him honour. He got out of the Gut when nobody else could and was of infinite service to us after the action." 1806–1816, Captain to Rear-admiral
The Donegal continued off to cruise off Cadiz till the close of the year, when she sailed for the West Indies with Sir John Duckworth, and took an important part in the Battle of San Domingo, 6 February 1806. <mask> was afterwards sent home in charge of the prizes, and in a very heavy gale rescued the crew of the Brave as she was on the point of foundering. He received the gold medal for St. Domingo, and was presented by the Patriotic Fund with a vase valued at a hundred guineas.In 1808 he was engaged in convoying troops to the Peninsula, and in 1809, still in the Donegal, was attached to the Channel Fleet, then commanded by Lord Gambier, and took part in the Battle of the Basque Roads. In the summer of 1809 he was called as a witness at the Court-martial of James, Lord Gambier which assessed whether Gambier had failed to support Captain Lord Cochrane at the battle. Gambier was controversially cleared of all charges. In November 1810 <mask> led an attack on a French frigate squadron anchored at Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue at the action of 15 November 1810, which ultimately led to the destruction of the Elisa. The Donegal was paid off in 1811, and <mask> was appointed to the , which he commanded off Cherbourg till March 1812, when he accepted the post of captain of the fleet to Lord Keith, his uncle by marriage. He was promoted to be rear-admiral on 4 December 1813, but remained with Keith till June 1814, when, with his flag in the Royal Oak, he convoyed a detachment of the army from Bordeaux to North America, and served during the war with the United States as third in command under Sir Alexander Cochrane and Rear-admiral (afterwards Sir) George Cockburn. On 2 January 1815 he was nominated a K.C.B., and during "The Hundred Days' War" commanded a squadron in the North Sea, in co-operation with the army under the Duke of Wellington.1816–1838, Commander-in-chief
In 1816–17 he was Commander-in-chief on the Saint Helena station, specially appointed to enforce a rigid blockade of the island and to keep a close guard on Napoleon Bonaparte. He was advanced to vice-admiral on 19 July 1821, and Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet from 1828 to 1831. In 1832 he commanded on the coast of Holland, with the fleets of France and Spain under his orders; and in 1833–4 was again commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean. He was nominated a G.C.M.G. on 21 January 1829, and a G.C.B. on 26 April 1833. In the final years of his life, he became Chairman of the Oriental Club which had been founded by his brother General Sir <mask>.He attained the rank of Admiral of the Blue in 1837. He died at East Lodge, Enfield, London, on 20 July 1838. Personal life
He married, on 18 January 1809, Clementina, eldest daughter of the Hon. William Fullerton Elphinstone, a director of the East India Company, and elder brother of Lord Keith. Memorials
The post-war Royal Navy frigate  was named after Sir <mask> <mask>, as were Pulteney Street, Adelaide and Malcolm Island, British Columbia; the south-west extremity of which is named Pulteney Point. There is a memorial statue, by Edward Hodges Baily, to <mask> in the Nelson Chamber of the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral while another statue stands in Langholm. See also
 <mask>

References

Attribution

|-

1768 births
1838 deaths
Royal Navy admirals
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
People from Langholm

masks:
Pulteney Malcolm
George Malcolm
James Malcolm
John Malcolm
Charles Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
Malcolm
John Malcolm
Pulteney
Malcolm
Malcolm
Clan Malcolm


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<mask> (née Ford, born 7 November 1942) is an Australian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter and journalist. <mask>'s first novel, Monkey Grip, published in 1977,  immediately established her as an original voice on the Australian literary scene–it is now widely considered a classic. She has a reputation for incorporating and adapting her personal experiences in her fiction, something that has brought her widespread attention, particularly with her novels, Monkey Grip and The Spare Room (2008). Throughout her career, <mask> has written both fiction and non-fiction. She attracted controversy with her book The First Stone (1995) about a sexual-harassment scandal in a university college. She has also written for film and theatre, and has consistently won awards for her work, including the Walkley Award for a 1993 Time Magazine report. Adaptations of two of her works have appeared as feature films: her debut novel Monkey Grip and her true-crime book Joe Cinque's Consolation (2004) – the former released in 1982 and the latter in 2016.<mask>'s works have covered a broad range of themes and subject matter. She has thrice written true-crime books: first with The First Stone, about the aftermath of a sexual-harassment scandal at a university, followed by Joe Cinque's Consolation, a journalistic novel about the court proceedings involving a young man who died at the hands of his girlfriend, which won the Ned Kelly Award for Best Crime Book, and again in 2014 with This House of Grief, about Robert Farquharson, a man who drove his children into a dam. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) site has characterised her as one of Australia's "most important and admired writers", while The Guardian referred to her as "Australia's greatest living writer". Early life

<mask> was born <mask> to Bruce and Gwen Ford (née Gadsden) in Geelong, Victoria, the eldest of six children. Her sister Catherine Ford is also a writer of fiction. <mask> described her upbringing as being in an "ordinary Australian home – not many books and not much talk". <mask> attended Manifold Heights State School, Ocean Grove State School and then The Hermitage in Geelong, where she was the head prefect and dux.She left Geelong after her high school graduation at the age of 18 to study at the University of Melbourne, residing at Janet Clarke Hall, and graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree with majors in English and French. One of her teachers at the University of Melbourne was the poet Vincent Buckley. Between 1966 and 1972, <mask> worked as a teacher at various Victorian high schools. In 1967, she also travelled overseas and met <mask>, whom she married in 1968 on their return to Australia, aged 25. Her only child, the actor, musician and writer <mask>, was born in 1969. <mask>'s first marriage ended in 1971. In 1972, <mask> was sacked by the Victorian Department of Education for "giving an unscheduled sex education lesson to her 13-year-old students at Fitzroy High School".She had written an essay about the lesson and published it under a pen name in The Digger, a countercultural Melbourne-based magazine. Although the October 1972 article was considered "unsolicited", <mask> wrote that she had intended to give a lesson on Ancient Greece, but the textbooks given to her students had been defaced with sexually explicit drawings. As a result of those drawings, the class had posed questions to <mask> relating to sex, and she decided to allow an uninhibited discussion based around their questions which, as their teacher, she vowed to answer accurately. When her identity was revealed, she was called into the Victorian Department of Education and dismissed. The case was widely publicised in Melbourne, bringing <mask> a degree of notoriety. Members of the Victorian Secondary Teachers Association went on strike in protest at the Deputy Director of Secondary Education's decision to fire <mask>. Aside from her writing for The Digger, she also wrote articles for the Melbourne feminist newspaper Vashti's Voice.<mask> appeared in the 1975 independent film Pure Shit, which focuses on four drug addicts searching for heroin in Melbourne. Career

Early career and fiction writing
<mask> came to prominence at a time when Australian writers were relatively few in number, and Australian women writers were, by some, considered a novelty. Australian academic and writer, Kerryn Goldsworthy, writes that "From the beginning of her writing career <mask> was regarded as, and frequently called, a stylist, a realist, and a feminist". Her first novel, Monkey Grip (1977), relates the lives of a group of fledgeling artists, single parents, drug addicts and welfare recipients living in Melbourne share-houses. In particular focus is the increasingly co-dependent relationship between single-mother Nora and Javo, a flaky junkie who Nora is in love with, despite him repeatedly drifting in and out of her life. The novel, set in inner-city Melbourne suburbs Fitzroy and Carlton, was written in the domed Reading Room at the State Library of Victoria, after <mask>'s teaching dismissal. Years later she stated that she had adapted it directly from her personal diaries and based the relationship between Nora and Javo on a relationship she had with a man at the time.Other peripheral characters in the book were based on people in <mask>'s own social circle from Melbourne share-houses. Monkey Grip was very successful: it won the National Book Council Award in 1978 and was adapted into a film in 1982. Goldsworthy suggests that the success of Monkey Grip may well have helped revive the careers of two older but largely ignored Australian women writers, Jessica Anderson and Thea Astley. Thea Astley wrote of the novel that "I am filled with envy by someone like <mask> for instance. I re-read Monkey Grip a while ago and it's even better second time through". Critics have retrospectively applied the term Grunge Lit to describe Monkey Grip, citing its depiction of urban life and social realism as being key aspects of later works in the subgenre. In subsequent books, she has continued to adapt her personal experiences.Her later novels are: The Children's Bach (1984) and Cosmo Cosmolino (1992). In 2008 she returned to fiction writing with the publication of The Spare Room, a fictional treatment of caring for a dying cancer patient, based on the illness and death of <mask>'s friend Jenya Osborne. She has also published several short story collections: Honour & Other People's Children: two stories (1980), Postcards from Surfers (1985) and My Hard Heart: Selected Fictions (1998). In 1986, Australian academic and critic, Don Anderson, wrote of The Children's Bach: "There are four perfect short novels in the English language. They are, in chronological order, Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier, Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and <mask>'s The Children's Bach." The Australian composer Andrew Schultz wrote an opera of the same name which premiered in 2008. <mask> said, in 1985, that writing novels was like "trying to make a patchwork quilt look seamless.A novel is made up of scraps of our own lives and bits of other people's, and things we think of in the middle of the night and whole notebooks full of randomly collected details". In an interview in 1999, she said that "My initial reason for writing is that I need to shape things so I can make them bearable or comprehensible to myself. It's my way of making sense of things that I've lived and seen other people live, things that I'm afraid of, or that I long for". Not all critics have liked <mask>'s work. Goldsworthy writes that "It is certainly the case that <mask> is someone whose work elicits strong feelings ... and people who dislike her work are profoundly irritated by those who think she is one of the best writers in the country". Novelist and reviewer, Peter Corris wrote in his review of Monkey Grip that <mask> "has published her private journal rather than written a novel" while Peter Pierce wrote in Meanjin of Honour and Other People's Children that <mask> "talks dirty and passes it off as realism". Goldsworthy suggests that these two statements imply that she is not really a writer.Craven, though, argues that her novella, The Children's Bach, "should put paid to the myth of <mask> as a mere literalist or reporter", arguing, in fact, that it "is light years away from any sprawling-tell-it-all naturalism, [that] it is concentrated realism of extraordinary formal polish and the amount of tonal variation which it gets from its seemingly simple plot is multifoliate to the point of being awesome". Screen writing
She has written three screenplays: Monkey Grip (1982), written with and directed by Ken Cameron; Two Friends (1986), directed by Jane Campion for TV; and The Last Days of Chez Nous (1992), directed by Gillian Armstrong. The relationship between two characters in The Last Days of Chez Nous was loosely inspired by the extramarital affair <mask>'s second husband had with her sister. Critic Peter Craven writes that "Two Friends is arguably the most accomplished piece of screenwriting the country has seen and it is characterised by a total lack of condescension towards the teenage girls at its centre". Non-fiction writing

<mask> has written non-fiction from the beginning of her career as a writer. In 1972 she was fired from her teaching job after publishing in The Digger, a counter-culture magazine, an anonymous account of frank and extended discussions she had with her students about sexuality and sexual activities. She wrote for this magazine from 1972 to 1974.In 1993, she won a Walkley Award for her TIME magazine account of a murder trial following the death of a toddler at the hands of his stepfather. One of her most famous and controversial books is The First Stone (1995), an account of a 1992 sexual harassment scandal at Ormond College. It was a best-seller in Australia but also attracted considerable criticism. <mask> had received vicious hate-mail from women in Australia who accused her of derailing the feminist debate, and closing ranks with the abuser. She has since commented: "Sometimes I would have these kind of panic attacks caused by the hostility that some people showed towards me. I guess I knew there was going to be trouble, but the vitriolic nature of it gave me a bit of a shock". <mask>'s other non-fiction books are: True Stories: Selected Non-Fiction (1996), The Feel of Steel (2001), Joe Cinque's Consolation (2004) and This House of Grief – The Story of a Murder Trial (2014).She also contributed to La Mama, the Story of a Theatre (1988). Joe Cinque's Consolation details a notorious murder case in Canberra involving a law student, Anu Singh, who drugged and murdered her boyfriend. It was adapted into a feature film in 2016. The film had premiers at both the Melbourne Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival, where it was generally well-received although detractors felt that the absence of <mask>'s voice from the story impacted the film–James Robert Douglas, writing for The Guardian, stated the film adaptation contained the "bones but not the wisdom of <mask>'s book". Themes

<mask> has covered a broad range of themes in her work, ranging from feminism, love, loss, grief, ageing, illness, death, murder, betrayal, addiction and the duality of the human psyche, particularly in manifestations of "good" and "evil". Her earliest work, Monkey Grip, is well known for its untamed depiction of heroin addiction. Its central character, a single mother, falls in love with an addict in an inner-city bohemian Melbourne suburb, dotted with junkies and share houses, during the 1970s.Drug addiction, however, was not a subject <mask> would revisit, aside from touching on recreational drug use among university students in Joe Cinque's Consolation. However, Monkey Grip did establish <mask>'s trademark theme of obsession, particularly in conjunction with love and sexuality–enmeshed with substance abuse mirroring the addiction of romantic love. Some of her novels address "sexual desire and the family", exploring "the relationship between sexual behaviour and social organisation; the anarchic nature of desire and the orderly force of the institution of 'family'; the similarities and differences between collective households and nuclear families; the significance and the language of housework; [and] the idea of 'the house' as image, symbol, site and peace." <mask> has become known for her depiction of Australian life, both in the city and rural regions–she was born in Geelong and spent much of her life in Melbourne, approximately 75 kilometres (46 miles) from her hometown. Anne Myers, in an article written for The Sydney Morning Herald, recognised <mask>'s portrayals of the location of Melbourne as essential to Monkey Grip itself as any character: "<mask> was writing Melbourne into the literary landscape and for the first time I saw my own world reflected back at me". Joe Cinque's Consolation, This House of Grief and to a lesser extent The First Stone, were commentaries on the justice system in Australia, how (and if) it adequately responds to crime, as well as the question of culpability. Craven comments that <mask> is "always an extremely accurate writer in terms of the emotional states she depicts".Many of her books touch upon the inexplicable, irrational, and dark side to human behaviour–as well as <mask>'s attempts to understand human behaviour and sociology, which often eludes the average Australian and wider society, as well as the Australian justice system. In The Fate of The First Stone, <mask> writes that she believes most people would prefer to keep incomprehensible stories of extreme behaviour at "arm's length" because it is "more comfortable, easier". Peter Craven wrote that <mask> is fearless in her honesty: "she shows us what she does not know or is too blind to see: she shows us the poverty of the self in the face of impercipience caused by sentiment or anger, prejudice, ignorance or dumb incapacity." He further commented on her ability to sometimes identify with the story's perceived villain, "[the] transgressor who at some level shares our own fingerprints". Similarly, various critics and journalists have highlighted <mask>'s portrayal of "ordinary people" caught up in extraordinary experiences, or the everyday person who, "under life's unbearable pressures", has "surrendered to their darker selves". James Wood, in a profile on <mask> published in The New Yorker, stated that her work is absorbed in issues of gender and class, which he writes are "not categories so much as structures of feeling, variously argued over, enjoyed, endured, and escaped". Personal life
After her marriage to <mask> ended, <mask> married two more times: to Jean-Jacques Portail (1980–85) and Australian writer Murray Bail (born 1941), from whom she separated in the late 1990s.She is no longer married. In her work, she has been open about her struggle with depression and her two abortions. She has one child, <mask> (b. 1969), from her marriage to <mask>. <mask> is also an author, as well as a musician, teacher and historian. In 2003, a portrait of <mask>, titled True Stories, painted by Jenny Sages, was a finalist in the Archibald Prize. 8, The Monthly
"Moving Experience", September 2005, No.5, The Monthly
"Punishing Lauren", June 2005, No. 2, The Monthly
 "A Date with Darcy", 18 January 2013 The Sydney Morning Herald

Critical studies and reviews of <mask>'s work

Awards and nominations
 Monkey Grip
 1978 – National Book Council award
 The Children's Bach
 1986 – South Australian Premier's Awards
 Postcards from Surfers
 1986 – New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Christina Stead Prize for Fiction
 Two Friends
 1987 – New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Television Writing Award
 1987 – Best Screenplay in a Telefeature
 Cosmo Cosmolino
 1993 – Shortlisted for the Miles Franklin Award
 Did Daniel Have to Die? 1993 – Walkley Award for Best Feature Writing, published in TIME
 True Stories: Selected Non-fiction
 1997 – Nita Kibble Literary Award
 Joe Cinque's Consolation
 2004 – ABIA Book of the Year
 2005 – Ned Kelly Awards joint winner for Best True Crime
 The Spare Room
 2008 – Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, Vance Palmer Prize for Fiction
 2008 – Queensland Premier's Literary Awards Fiction Book Award
 2009 – Barbara Jefferis Award
 This House of Grief
 2015 – Ned Kelly Award – Best True Crime
 2015 – Longlisted Stella Prize
 2015 – Shortlisteds ABIA General Non-Fiction Book of the Year. 2015 - Shortlisted New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards
 2016 – Windham–Campbell Literature Prize for non-fiction works
 2016 –  Western Australian Premier’s Book Awards – non fiction
 2016 –  Western Australian Premier’s Book Awards – overall prize
 Everywhere I Look
 2017 – Shortlist for The Indie Book Awards
 2006 – Melbourne Prize for Literature
2019 – Australia Council Award for Lifetime Achievement in Literature
2020 – Australian Book Industry Awards' Lloyd O’Neil Award and Hall of Fame

Critical studies and reviews
 Review of This House of Grief. Notes

References
 Craven, Peter (1985) "Of war and needlework: the fiction of Helen Garner" in Meanjin, 44(2): 209–219

 Goldsworthy, Kerryn (1996) Australian Writers: Helen Garner, Melbourne, Oxford University Press
 Grenville, Kate and Woolfe, Sue (2001) Making Stories: How Ten Australian Novels Were Written, Allen & Unwin
 McPhee, Hilary (2001) Other People's Words, Sydney, Picador

External links

 ABC Radio National Interview with Ramona Koval on The Spare Room
 Video: Helen Garner on her influences and inspirations on SlowTV
 Australian Authors – Helen Garner
 Centre for Writing: Helen Garner
 Penguin Books Australia Author Profile: Helen Garner
 "The Good Daughter" by Susan Wyndham, The Sydney Morning Herald (19 August 2006). Accessed: 17 November 2007
 Helen Garner Biography Accessed: 25 April 2008

1942 births
Living people
Australian feminist writers
Australian women journalists
Australian journalists
Australian women short story writers
Australian women novelists
Australian women screenwriters
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
People from Geelong
University of Melbourne alumni
Ned Kelly Award winners
20th-century Australian novelists
20th-century Australian women writers
21st-century Australian novelists
21st-century Australian women writers
20th-century Australian short story writers
21st-century Australian short story writers
Grunge lit authors
Australian non-fiction crime writers

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Helen Ford
Garner
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Bill Garner
Alice Garner
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Helen Garner
Garner
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Helen Garner
Garner
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Garner
Garner
Garner
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Garner
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Bill Garner
Garner
Alice Garner
Bill Garner
Alice Garner
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Sir <mask>,  (; 31 July 1875 – 19 April 1952) was a British civil engineer. The son of a doctor, he was educated at Cheltenham College and won a scholarship to King's College, Cambridge, where he would later forge a career as an academic. Inglis spent a two-year period with the engineering firm run by John Wolfe-Barry before he returned to King's College as a lecturer. Working with Professors James Alfred Ewing and Bertram Hopkinson, he made several important studies into the effects of vibration on structures and defects on the strength of plate steel. Inglis served in the Royal Engineers during the First World War and invented the Inglis Bridge, a reusable steel bridging system – the precursor to the more famous Bailey bridge of the Second World War. In 1916 he was placed in charge of bridge design and supply at the War Office and, with Giffard Le Quesne Martel, pioneered the use of temporary bridges with tanks. Inglis retired from military service in 1919 and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.He returned to Cambridge University after the war as a professor and head of the Engineering Department. Under his leadership, the department became the largest in the university and one of the best regarded engineering schools in the world. Inglis retired from the department in 1943. Inglis was associated with the Institution of Naval Architects, Institution of Civil Engineers, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Institution of Structural Engineers, Institution of Waterworks Engineers and British Waterworks Association; he sat on several of their councils and was elected the Institution of Civil Engineers' president for the 1941–42 session. He was also a fellow of the Royal Society. Inglis sat on the board of inquiry investigating the loss of the airship R101 and was chair of a Ministry of War Transport railway modernisation committee in 1946. Knighted in 1945, he spent his later years developing his theories on the education of engineers and wrote a textbook on applied mechanics.He has been described as the greatest teacher of engineering of his time and has a building named in his honour at Cambridge University. Early life and career
<mask> was the second son of Dr. <mask> (a general practitioner in Worcester) and his first wife, Florence, the daughter of newspaper proprietor John Frederick Feeney. His elder brother was the historian John Alexander <mask> FRSE Their father, <mask> was born in Scotland to a respectable family – his grandfather, <mask>, was an Admiral in the Royal Navy and had captained HMS Belliqueux at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797. <mask> was born on 31 July 1875. He was not expected to survive and was hurriedly baptised in his father's drawing room; his mother died from complications eleven days later. His family moved to Cheltenham and Inglis was schooled at Cheltenham College from 1889 to 1894. In his final year, he was elected head boy and received a scholarship to study the Mathematics Tripos at King's College, Cambridge.Inglis was 22nd wrangler when he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1897; he remained for a fourth year, achieving first class honours in Mechanical Sciences. Inglis was a keen sportsman and enjoyed long-distance running, walking, mountaineering and sailing. At Cambridge, he nearly achieved a blue for long-distance running but was forced to withdraw from a significant race because of a pulled muscle. He was also a follower of the Cambridge University Rugby Union team, watching their matches at Grange Road. After graduation, Inglis began work as an apprentice for the civil engineering firm of John Wolfe-Barry & Partners. He worked as a draughtsman in the drawing office for several months before being placed with Alexander Gibb, who was acting as resident engineer on an extension to the Metropolitan District Railway between Whitechapel and Bow. Inglis was responsible for the design and supervision of all thirteen bridges on the route.It was during this time that he began his lifelong study of vibration and its effects on materials, particularly bridges. Early academic career
In 1901 Inglis was made a fellow of King's College after writing a thesis entitled The Balancing of Engines, the first general treatment of the subject – which was becoming increasingly important due to the growing speeds of locomotives. In the same year, he received his Master of Arts degree and was accepted as an Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) associate member after winning the institution's Miller Prize for his student paper on The Geometrical Methods in Investigating Mechanical Problems. Inglis left his employment with Wolfe-Barry, having completed two years of his five-year apprenticeship, to return to King's College and become an assistant to James Alfred Ewing, professor of mechanism and applied mechanics. Inglis maintained his interest in engine balancing and filed a US patent on 16 April 1902 for an improved engine with the cylinders mounted end to end to balance out the forces acting between them. Professor Ewing left the university in 1903 to become the first Director of Naval Education at the Admiralty but Inglis remained; he was appointed a university demonstrator in mechanism by Professor Bertram Hopkinson, Ewing's successor, and worked with him to study the effects of vibration. Inglis was promoted to lecturer of mechanical engineering in 1908.Hopkinson recognised Inglis' academic abilities and assigned him the heaviest teaching load of all the staff, covering statics, dynamics, structural engineering theory, materials engineering, drawing, engine balance and the design of steel girders and reinforced concrete. Inglis later recalled that if he wished to learn more on a subject then he volunteered to teach a course on it. From 1911 Inglis became involved in hydraulic engineering and served on the board of the Cambridge University and Town Waterworks Company, serving as deputy chairman from 1924 to 1928 and chairman from 1928 to 1952. Inglis conducted research into the problem of fracture in the metal plates of ships' hulls and noticed that the rivet holes along the path of a crack were often deformed into an elliptical shape. This phenomenon led him to investigate the magnification of stress caused at the edges of an elliptical defect; in 1913 he published a paper of his theories that has been described as his most important contribution to engineering and the first serious modern work on the fracturing of materials. Alan Arnold Griffith later drew on Inglis' paper for his work on the apparent discrepancy between calculated and actual strengths of materials. Inglis's 1913 paper has been cited by around 1,200 subsequent works.Inglis had married Eleanor Moffat, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Herbert Moffat of the South Wales Borderers, in 1901, having met on holiday in Switzerland. They lived at Maitland House, Cambridge, until 1904, when Inglis built a house he named Balls Grove at nearby Grantchester, where his two daughters were born and the family resided until 1925. They later moved to 10 Latham Road, which Inglis renamed Niddrys after the first known address of his ancestors in Edinburgh. Military service

Inglis was involved with the Cambridge University Officer Training Corps (CUOTC), being commissioned a second lieutenant on 24 May 1909. He served with the CUOTC's engineering detachment and noticed that when the unit was deployed on field days with the rest of the force it often had little to do. To remedy this, Inglis designed a reusable steel bridge, with the intention that it could be erected and dismantled by the unit in a single afternoon. An army general who was inspecting the unit noticed his design and offered advice: "If you're making anything for the army, keep it simple – no complicated gadgets".Upon the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Inglis volunteered for active service in the British Army and was officially listed as an Assistant Instructor in the School of Military Engineering, with the temporary rank of lieutenant. The army expressed interest in Inglis' bridge design; it was approved for use by a panel of army officers that included the general who had first commented on the design, to whom Inglis said "I hope, Sir, you will find I have profited by your advice". The design remained in service with the British Army until the higher-capacity Bailey bridge was introduced during the Second World War. The Inglis Bridge was designed so that all of its components could be moved by manpower alone; moreover, it could be erected with few tools in a short span of time – a troop of 40 sappers could erect a  bridge in 12 hours. The design was composed of a series of  Warren truss bays made from tubular steel sections, to a maximum span of six bays (). The design went through three revisions, with the Mark II replacing the original design's variable-length tubes with identical-length ones and, during the Second World War, the Mark III using higher strength steel but smaller tube diameters, increasing the carrying capacity to . In addition to his bridge design, during the war's course he developed the similar Inglis Tubular Observation Tower.Inglis received a US Patent for his bridge on 25 April 1916 and for the type of joints used in it on 26 June 1917. In 1916, Inglis was placed in charge of bridge design and supply at the War Office in which role he was a proponent for the increased use of girder bridges in military applications. It was Inglis that first proved to the army that the heavy components essential to girder bridges did not prevent their rapid assembly in field conditions. This led to the greater use of such bridges, particularly the Inglis Bridge, for tanks later in the war. He received promotion to the rank of captain on the General List of Officers on 6 May 1916 and became a staff captain attached to the War Office on 26 June 1917. He was promoted to the brevet rank of major as part of the King's Birthday Honours on 3 June 1918 and later that year worked with Giffard Le Quesne Martel to develop some of the earliest bridgelaying tanks. <mask> retired from the army on 9 March 1919, having been rewarded for his military service with an appointment as an

masks:
Charles Edward Inglis
Charles Inglis
Alexander Inglis
Inglis
Alexander Inglis
John Inglis
Charles Inglis
Inglis


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 Officer of the Order of the British Empire.Return to King's College

Inglis returned to Cambridge in 1918 and was appointed as the professor of Mechanism and Applied Mechanics (renamed Mechanical Sciences in 1934). On 25 March 1919, he was selected to head the Cambridge University Engineering Department as the successor of Hopkinson, who had died in an air crash the previous year. Though he made no radical changes, such as had occurred under his predecessors, under Inglis' supervision the department became the largest in the university and one of the best engineering schools in the world. He was responsible for expanding the department to meet the increased post-war demand for engineers and for the move from its traditional home at Free School Lane. Inglis acquired the  Scroope House on Trumpington Street for the department and constructed a  laboratory on the site by 1923, followed in 1931 by a structure containing lecture theatres and a drawing office. At Cambridge Inglis' students included Sir Frank Whittle (developer of the jet engine), James N. Goodier (mechanical engineer and academic), Sir Morien Morgan (called the "Father of Concorde") and Beryl Platt, Baroness Platt (Conservative peer). He was also in contact with Russian railway engineer Yury Lomonosov and lectured to biochemist Albert Chibnall.Despite mentoring some of the best engineers of their generation Inglis was realistic about the actual intentions of many of his students at the time. He once told a new intake class: "Your fathers, gentlemen, have sent you to Cambridge to be educated, not to become engineers. They think, however, that reading engineering is a very good way of becoming educated. In 10 years' time, however, 90% of you will have become managers, whether of design, manufacturing, sales, research or even accounts departments in industry. The remaining 10% of you will have become successful lawyers, novelists, and things of that sort". Undeterred, Inglis sought to give his students the broadest possible engineering education, covering all fields to prevent them becoming "cramped by premature specialisation". Inglis had close contacts with industry and was able to establish a professorship in aeronautical engineering and links with a nearby Air Ministry experimental flight station.He was also successful in arranging with the War Office for Royal Engineers officers to study the Engineering Tripos at the university. The university drew praise for the quality of its teaching during Inglis' tenure, though his department has been criticised for its "comparative neglect of original research". From 1923, he was involved with the analysis of vibration and its effects on railway bridges, including a period spent working with Christopher Hinton during the latter's final year as a student at Cambridge. Inglis was appointed to a sub-committee of the British government's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bridge Stress Committee by Ewing, who was chairman, and became responsible for almost all of the mathematics of the investigation. Inglis derived a theory that allowed for the accurate assessment of the vibrations caused by hammer blow force imparted to the bridge by locomotives, and the committee's 1928 report included recommendations that the hammer blow force be included in bridge design calculations in the future. During the course of this work Inglis was able to show that the increased oscillation of bridges at train speeds beyond those that corresponded with the natural frequency of the bridge was due to the influence of the locomotive's suspension – the first time that this phenomenon had been explained. Inglis' work on bridge vibration has been described as his most important post-war research.He followed up the work by using a harmonic series and Macaulay's method to approximate the vibration of beams of non-uniform mass distribution or bending modulus. This work is related to the later method used by Myklestad and Prohl in the field of rotordynamics. <mask> was elected an Institution of Civil Engineers member in 1923 and became a member of its council in 1928. He was very active professionally and also served on the councils of the Institution of Naval Architects, Institution of Structural Engineers and the Institution of Waterworks Engineers; he was an Institution of Mechanical Engineers honorary member. <mask> was also a prolific writer, publishing 25 books and academic papers on a wide range of engineering topics. He received the ICE's Telford Medal in 1924 for a paper entitled The Theory of Transverse Oscillations in Girders and its Relation to Live Load and Impact Allowance. In 1926, he was appointed to a Royal Commission considering cross-river traffic in London with particular reference to the Waterloo and St Paul's bridges.Inglis founded the Cambridge Engineers' Association to promote social activities at the University, and saw Sir <mask> appointed as its first president in 1929. In the same year, he was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by the University of Edinburgh. In 1930 Inglis was appointed to the board of inquiry looking into the crash of the airship R101, and in the same year was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was a member of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway's Advisory Committee on Scientific Research from 1931 to 1947 and conducted numerous experiments on their behalf in the laboratories at Cambridge. He was able to prove the factors behind hunting oscillation, a violent oscillation of railway carriages, and developed testing equipment to approximate the wear of rail track and wheels in the field. Inglis published the book A Mathematical Treatise on Vibrations in Railway Bridges in 1934, which was described by a reviewer as "a valuable asset for both the mathematician and engineer", and also submitted several papers on the matter to the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). Inglis delivered the Trevithick Memorial Lecture for the ICE in 1933, and was elected British Waterworks Association president in 1935.At around this time, he was appointed to the governing council of Cheltenham College, of which he remained a member for the rest of his life. Inglis was the president of the 1934 International Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics held at Cambridge, one of the series of Congresses that gave rise to the IUTAM. He was a proposer for the Royal Society fellowship of Andrew Robertson, the mechanical engineer, in 1936. Second World War and after

Inglis was due to retire from the university in 1940, but was persuaded to remain for another three years so that John Baker could be appointed in his stead. Interest in Inglis' army bridge was rekindled in the Second World War and the Mark III design introduced in 1940. Inglis applied for a United States patent for the particular type of triangular trusses used in his bridge in 1940; which was approved and granted in 1943. Testing of a prototype of the Mark III revealed a weakness in the top chord of the truss and the subsequent redesign complicated the production process.Whilst the bridge was produced in limited quantities from 1940 it was largely replaced by the Bailey bridge, introduced in 1941, a fact that disappointed Inglis. The Inglis design remained in service for some time owing to a lack of resources for production of the Bailey bridge and saw service in rear areas and with the 1st Canadian Infantry Division. Inglis was elected as ICE president for the 1941–42 session, having been vice-president in 1938, and gave an inaugural address on the education of engineers that was judged to be one of the best ever given. In his address, he stated that "the soul and spirit of education is that habit of mind which remains when a student has completely forgotten everything he has ever been taught", a quote which has since been used by several organisations to describe the importance of an engineering education. He delivered the Thomas Hawksley Lecture on "Gyroscopic Principles and Applications" for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1943 and the fiftieth ICE James Forrest lecture on "Mechanical Vibrations, their Cause and Prevention" in 1944, being awarded the ICE's <mask> medal the same year. He gave the Parsons Memorial Lecture to the North-East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in 1945 in which he presented his Basic Function Method, an alternative to the use of Fourier series for the analysis of vibrations in beams. After his retirement as department head Inglis served as Vice-Provost of King's College from 1943 to 1947.He received a knighthood in the 1945 King's Birthday Honours, and in 1946 was appointed as chair of the committee charged with advising the Minister of War Transport on railway modernisation. Inglis continued to develop his theories on teaching engineering and wrote in the Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1947 on the teaching of engineering mathematics: "Mathematics [required by engineers] though it must be sound and incisive as far as goes, need not be of that artistic and exalted quality which calls for the mentality of the real mathematician. It can be termed mathematics of the tin-opening variety, and in contrast to real mathematicians, engineers are more interested in the contents of the tin than in the elegance of the tin-opener employed". He published the textbook Applied Mechanics for Engineers in 1951, following which he spent three months as a visiting professor at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. His wife, Lady <mask>, died on 1 April 1952, and <mask> died eighteen days later at Southwold, Suffolk. The Cambridge University Engineering Department's Inglis Building is named in his honour. Inglis has been described as the greatest teacher of engineering of his time.Notes

References

Bibliography

 Venn; Venn (1922–1958). 1875 births
1952 deaths
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
British civil engineers
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
People educated at Cheltenham College
People from Worcester, England
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
People from Cambridge
People from

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<mask> (October 6, 1824 – February 4, 1904) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey has been claimed to be the first African-American to vote in an election under the just-enacted provisions of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. His vote was cast on March 12, 1890
 the Amendment had been ratified almost two months earlier, on February 3, but was only officially certified by Secretary of State Hamilton Fish on March 30th. <mask> may well have been the first to vote after the ratification of the 15th Amendment — a result of his local election happening to be scheduled the day after the amendment's ratification. But he was far from being, as is often claimed, the first African American to vote in an election. Several New England towns and northern states had allowed some free men of color to vote since colonial days, though some later rescinded those rights. New Jersey had allowed black residents to vote if they met residency and property requirements until 1807. And several states of the former Confederacy had allowed black suffrage earlier in Reconstruction; Louisiana, for example, had elected the nation's first black lieutenant governor, first black mayor, and first black elected member of Congress in 1868, each largely on the votes of freedmen.In all, more than 700,000 African Americans had cast votes in U.S. elections before <mask>. Biography
<mask> was born in Metuchen, New Jersey. His father, also named <mask>, worked for the Mundy family. His mother, Lucy Green, was a slave of Hugh Newell (1744–1816) of Freehold Township, New Jersey. She was manumitted at age 21 by Newell's will. After moving to Perth Amboy, <mask>'s father married Daphne Reeve, whos parents had also been slaves on an estate in Perth Amboy. For several years (between 1871 and 1878) <mask> was an employee of the Board of Education, serving as a custodian of School No.1 located on State Street in Perth Amboy. He was also a general handyman around town and was active in both the United States Republican Party and the Prohibition Party. He also holds the distinction of being the city's first "colored" person to serve on a jury. <mask> is most notably remembered for voting in the local election held at Perth Amboy City Hall over the town's charter. Some citizens wanted to revise the existing charter while others wished to abandon the charter altogether in favor of a township form of government. <mask> cast his ballot in favor of revising the existing charter. This side won 230 to 63.<mask> was afterward appointed to be a member of the committee of seven that made subsequent amendments leading to the final version that was approved by the State Legislature on April 5, 1871. Historical records as to his contribution to revisions in the form of minutes, writing, or other records are still wanting. Through his work on the committee, he helped shape the city's educational system by aiding in organization of the Perth Amboy Board of Education in 1870 and construction of School No. 1, the city's first public school. When the school opened for classes in 1871, 378 students enrolled and <mask> became its first custodian. To honor <mask> <mask> as the first African-American voter after the passage of the 15th Amendment, the citizens of Perth Amboy raised $70 (about $1,800 in 2019 dollars) to award him with a gold medal. The full medal consists of a gold bar from which a two-inch diameter medallion was hung.The hanging medal featured a profile bust of a clean-shaven Abraham Lincoln. It was presented to <mask> <mask> on Memorial Day, which was then called Decoration Day, May 30, 1884. The celebrations included a mass meeting to honor Mr. <mask>, held at the City Hall. The committee in charge was composed of James Lawrence Kearny, Patrick Convery, both of whom had been city officials; J.M Boggs, former collector of the port; Alderman John Fothergill; Ex-Mayor Uriah Burdge Watson; and I.T. Golding, former city official. The committee was representative of the Democratic and Republican parties. There was a program of speaking in tribute to Mr. <mask>, presided by Mayor James M. Chapman.The Reverend Dr. David Stevenson, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church, delivered the invocation. The principal speaker was Ex-Mayor William Paterson, Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals. James Kearny, on behalf of the people of Perth Amboy, presented Mr. <mask> with his medal, which he is said to have loved and never considered himself properly dressed without it affixed to his left breast. Charles F. Heartman (1883-1953) was a prominent Mississippi book dealer known for collecting and dealing in African-Americana and materials related to the history of the American South. As described by Heartman in 1945, "Little remains to be said. <mask> sported a beard, and a portrait of him, wearing the medal, is known. In his old age, when he could not hold a full-time job, he was occasionally in want.Too proud to ask for anything, voluntary charitable administrations of his friends were apparently not sufficient, and it seems that on several occasions he had to pledge the medal for a small loan, to be redeemed at the earliest possible moment, until one day the greatest redeemer took hold of him, with the pledge unclaimed. It [the medal] passed into the hands of the Honorable Harold E. Pickersgill, Recorder of the City of Perth Amboy for many years, an indefatigable collector of New Jerseyana. It was one of his prized possessions. Some time after the judge's death I was fortunate to acquire the medal, an important memorabilia in the collection, where also can be found the pamphlet describing the history and transactions for the presentation, as well as a pencil-portrait sketch of <mask>-Mundy." In 1948 Xavier University of Louisiana acquired a large portion of Heartman's Collection of Material Relating to the Negro Culture, the <mask>ndy medal included. It is presently preserved in the Library Archives & Special Collections and has been utilized for exhibitions at numerous historical institutions including the National Museum of African American History and Culture. While he is known today as "<mask> <mask>," there are no contemporary records that include the three names together.The one exception is the cover for the program describing the ceremony when he was given the "voting medal," and that calls him "<mask>-Mundy." Contemporary documents refer to him as either <mask> or <mask> (or Tom<mask>. His death certificate, the undertaker's accounts book, and a land deed all refer to him as "<mask><mask>." In the obituary appearing in The Perth Amboy Evening News, he is called <mask> <mask>. Legacy
In October 1989, the school where <mask> had worked was renamed after him. It is currently on State Street, Perth Amboy.In New Jersey, March 31 is annually celebrated as <mask> <mask> Day in recognition of his historic vote. See also
List of African-American firsts

References

External links

1824 births
1904 deaths
People from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Free Negroes
20th-century African-American people
African-American history of New Jersey

masks:
Thomas Mundy Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
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Thomas
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<mask> (born <mask> on 4 November 1988) is a Papua New Guinean professional rugby league footballer who plays as a er,  or  for the Brisbane Broncos in the NRL and Papua New Guinea at international level. <mask> previously played for the Gold Coast Titans and the Broncos in the National Rugby League, and the Catalans Dragons in the Super League. He is a New South Wales Country Origin and World All Stars representative, he represented Papua New Guinea at the 2008, 2013 World Cups and was the PNG Kumuls' captain for the 2017 World Cup. Background
He was born in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea as <mask> on 4 November 1988, and moved to Australia as a 12-year-old where he attended Kadina High School and Trinity Catholic College in Lismore, New South Wales. As a junior rugby league footballer, he played for Lismore Marist Brothers before being signed by the Gold Coast Titans, and playing in their NYC team in 2008. He later changed his surname to <mask> to honour his aunt's family who had raised him when he moved to Australia. Playing career

2008
He was named in the Papua New Guinea squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup and between the 2008 World Cup and the 2009 NRL season he changed his surname from Moore to <mask>.2009
On 30 January 2009, <mask> signed a contract extension with the Gold Coast after turning down an offer from the Sydney Roosters. In round 13 of the 2009 NRL season, <mask> made his NRL debut for the Gold Coast against the St. George Illawarra Dragons off the interchange bench in a 28-24 win at Skilled Park. In his next appearance in round 16 against the New Zealand Warriors, <mask> made his first appearance in the starting line-up, scoring his first and second NRL career tries in the 28-12 win at Skilled Park. <mask> finished his debut year in the NRL with 14 matches and 8 tries. He was part of the Papua New Guinea squad for the 2009 Pacific Cup, and was named their player of the year by the Rugby League International Federation. 2010
A regular on the wing in 2010, <mask> was one of the club's leaders in many statistics before a foot injury saw him miss the rest of the season from round 16 onwards. <mask> said, "It is pretty frustrating because I have worked so hard and to get halfway through the year now and it is all just gone, just like that."In Round 12 against the Sydney Roosters, <mask> scored a hat trick of tries in the Titans 30-16 loss. <mask> played in 15 matches and scored 6 tries during 2010. 2011
Despite the Titans poor record in 2011 where they finished with the Wooden Spoon, <mask> played in every match and was the club's top tryscorer with 16 tries from 24 appearances. In round 22 against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, <mask> scored what some considered the best try of the year when he collected a Scott Prince cross-over kick on the fly behind his back one handed to score in the 20-16 win at Toyota Stadium. Assistant coach Steve Murphy said, "I can't believe he caught that ball. It was just one of those freak things, those amazing things. He's got those in him, Dave."2012
<mask> played in 20 matches and scored 10 tries for the Titans in the 2012 NRL season. On 6 December 2012, <mask> extended his contract with the Gold Coast for 4 years till the end of the 2016 season. 2013
In round 23 against the North Queensland Cowboys, <mask> became the first Gold Coast Titans player to score 50 tries for the club during their 22-10 loss at 1300SMILES Stadium. <mask> played in 16 matches and scored 11 tries in 2013. In October, <mask> represented Papua New Guinea in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup, playing in all 3 matches at . 2014
In January, <mask> was selected for the Titans inaugural 2014 Auckland Nines squad. <mask> was selected for the Country Origin team in the annual City vs Country Origin match after sorting out his eligibility for New South Wales.<mask> played at  and scored 2 tries in the 26-26 all draw in Dubbo. In round 11 against the New Zealand Warriors, <mask> played his 100th NRL career match in the 24-16 loss at Cbus Super Stadium. <mask> finished the 2014 NRL season with him playing 18 matches and scoring 4 tries, his worst try-scoring effort to date. 2015
<mask> was again a member of the Titans' Auckland Nines squad. He also returned for New South Wales Country, playing at fullback and scoring a try in their 34-22 win at Wagga Wagga. In round 25 against the St. George Illawarra Dragons, <mask> eclipsed Kevin Gordon's record as the Gold Coast Titans all-time highest try-scorer with 60 tries, overtaking Gordon's 58 tries for the club by scoring 2 tries in the Gold Coast's 28-26 win at Cbus Super Stadium. He scored 5 tries from 22 matches for the 2015 NRL season.2016
On 29 January 2016, <mask> was named in the Titans 2016 Auckland Nines squad. On 7 May 2015, <mask> captained Papua New Guinea in the 2016 Melanesian Cup Test against Fiji, where he played at fullback in the 24-22 win at Parramatta Stadium. On 10 September 2016, it was announced that <mask> would sign with the Brisbane Broncos from 2017 on a one-year deal. <mask> finished his last year with the Gold Coast Titans with him playing in 18 matches and scoring 7 tries in the 2016 NRL season. On 14 December 2016, <mask> was named in the World All Stars team on the wing to play against the Indigenous All Stars on 10 February 2017. 2017
On 10 February 2017, <mask> played for the World All Stars against the Indigenous All Stars in the 2017 All Stars match, playing at fullback and scoring a try in the 34-8 loss at Hunter Stadium. On 18 February 2017, <mask> made his Broncos debut in the 2017 World Club Series match against the Warrington Wolves where he started on the wing and scored a try in the 27-18 loss at Halliwell Jones Stadium.At the start of the 2017 season, <mask> was languishing in the Queensland Cup playing for the Wynnum-Manly Seagulls after coach Wayne Bennett opted to shift Jordan Kahu to the wing and put Broncos new recruit Tautau Moga at centre leaving <mask> out of the starting backline. In Round 6 of the 2017 NRL season, <mask> made his first appearance in the NRL for the Brisbane Broncos against the Sydney Roosters, filling in for an injured Corey Oates on the wing and scoring a try in the 32-8 win at Suncorp Stadium. On 21 April 2017, <mask> extended his contract with Brisbane to the end of the 2018 season and also on the same day in round 8 against the South Sydney Rabbitohs, <mask> played his 150th NRL career match in Brisbane's 25-24 win at ANZ Stadium. <mask> finished his year stint at the Brisbane Broncos with him playing in 12 matches and scoring 3 tries in the 2017 NRL season. On 4 October 2017, <mask> was named as the Captain of the Papua New Guinea 24-man squad for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup. <mask> played in all 4 matches at fullback and scoring 4 tries for the Kumuls, having a great tournament by starting with scoring a hattrick of tries in the 50-6 demolishing victory over Wales in Port Moresby. On 12 December 2017, <mask> announced that he had signed a 3-year deal with the Catalans Dragons in the Super League, starting in 2018.2018

He played in the 2018 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Warrington Wolves at Wembley Stadium. 2019
<mask> played a total of 17 games for Les Catalans in the Super League XXIV season as the club finished 7th on the table and missed out on the finals. 2020
<mask> played 7 games for the Catalans Dragons in the 2020 Super League season including the club's 48-2 semi-final defeat against St Helens. 2021
On 13 January, <mask> signed for the Brisbane Broncos. In round 1 of the 2021 NRL season, he scored a try in his return game to the NRL but Brisbane lost the match 24-16 against Parramatta. In round 11 against the Sydney Roosters, <mask> scored a hat-trick in Brisbane's 34-16 victory. Statistics

(* denotes season still competing)

Honours

|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Gold Coast Titans Most Tries (60)
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Gold Coast Titans Most Tries in a Season (16)

References

External links
Catalans Dragons profile
Brisbane Broncos profile
 Gold Coast Titans profile
2017 RLWC profile
SL profile

1988 births
Living people
Brisbane Broncos players
Catalans Dragons players
Country New South Wales Origin rugby league team players
Gold Coast Titans players
NRL All Stars players
Papua New Guinea national rugby league team captains
Papua New Guinea national rugby league team players
Papua New Guinean emigrants to Australia
Papua New Guinean rugby league players
Papua New Guinean sportsmen
People from the National Capital District (Papua New Guinea)
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league wingers

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<mask> (born December 23, 1946) is an American actress, television host, author and entrepreneur, best known for portraying Erica Kane on the ABC daytime drama All My Children during that show's entire network run from 1970 to 2011. The character is considered an icon, and <mask> was called "Daytime's Leading Lady" by TV Guide, with The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times citing her as the highest-paid actor in daytime television. As early as 1991, her salary had been reported as over $1 million a year. During her run on All My Children, she was nominated 21 times for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. She won only once, in 1999, after the 19th nomination; beginning in the late 1980s her status as a perpetual nominee for the award attracted significant media attention. <mask> has also acted in other TV series, as well as occasionally in film and on stage. She had multi-episode guest appearances on the series Dallas, Hot in Cleveland and Army Wives.She hosted Saturday Night Live in 1990. After the cancellation of All My Children, she hosted the 2012-2014 true crime series Deadly Affairs and starred (as Genevieve Delatour) in the 2013-2016 Lifetime series Devious Maids. In 1996, TV Guide ranked <mask> number 37 on its 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time list. She was named one of VH1's 200 Top Icons of All Time and one of Barbara Walters's Ten Most Fascinating People. Early life
<mask> was born in Scarsdale, New York, to parents Jeanette and <mask>, a building contractor. Her father is of Italian ancestry, and her mother is of Swedish descent. She lived in Yonkers, New York, before moving with her family at age 2 to Elmont, New York, and then at age 5 to another Long Island town, Garden City, New York.<mask> graduated from Garden City High School in 1964 and from Marymount College, Tarrytown  in 1968, with a BA degree in drama. Career

All My Children

<mask> is best known for appearing as Erica Kane on the ABC soap opera All My Children, from January 16, 1970, to September 23, 2011. <mask> was nominated for the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series Emmy for her work on All My Children almost every year beginning in 1978. When <mask> did not win the award after several consecutive nominations, her image in the media began to be lampooned, as she became notoriously synonymous with never winning an Emmy. NBC's Saturday Night Live exploited this by asking her to host an episode; during her monologue, the show's cast, crew, and even stagehands nonchalantly carried (and utilized; for example, as hammers and doorjambs) Emmys of their own in her presence. In addition, she appeared in a 1989 television commercial for the sugar substitute Sweet One, intended to portray her as the opposite of her villainess character, yet throwing one of Erica Kane's characteristic tantrums, shouting, "Eleven years without an Emmy! What does a person have to do around here to get an Emmy?"Her name eventually became part of the language, used as an avatar for artists who receive numerous award nominations without a win (e.g., "Peter O'Toole was the <mask> of the Oscars."). After 18 failed nominations, she finally won in 1999. When ABC cancelled All My Children on April 14, 2011, after 41 years on the air, <mask> said in an interview: "It's been a fantastic journey. I've loved playing Erica Kane and working with Agnes Nixon and all the incredible people involved with All My Children. I'm looking forward to all kinds of new and exciting opportunities." <mask> publicly criticized ABC Daytime president Brian Frons over the cancellation of All My Children in the epilogue of her autobiography All My Life. Primetime television, stage, hosting and film

<mask> has appeared in a number of television series and television movies.In 1982, she appeared in a cameo appearance in the comedy film Young Doctors in Love. In 1986, she played the role of Darya Romanoff in the Golden Globe– and Emmy Award–winning TV movie Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna. In 1990–1991, she began a series of guest spots on the nighttime soap opera Dallas. She hosted NBC's Saturday Night Live in October of that year; in one skit, she appeared as Erica Kane competing on a game show. In 1995, <mask> appeared in the Lifetime television film Ebbie. This film was an updated version of A Christmas Carol. <mask> played a Scrooge-like department store owner visited by Marley and the three ghosts on Christmas.In 2004, she appeared as a guest star in two episodes of the ABC comedy series Hope & Faith. In 1999, she played the title role of Annie Oakley in the revival of Irving Berlin's musical Annie Get Your Gun. Michael Logan of TV Guide said, "<mask> didn't just take Great White Way by storm: she took it by tornado, hurricane and tsunami, too." Lucci made several appearances as herself, the arch rival of Wendie Malick's character, Victoria Chase, on the TV Land sitcom Hot in Cleveland , including the February 1, 2012 episode entitled "Life with Lucci". She appeared in Gloria Estefan's music video "Hotel Nacional" in February 2012. She guest starred in multi-episodes of the sixth season of Lifetime drama series Army Wives. Lucci hosted and narrated Deadly Affairs, a prime-time series airing on Investigation Discovery as of 2012.On November 15, 2012 <mask> appeared on The Colbert Report in a segment reflecting the soap-opera-like nature of the Petraeus scandal. <mask> had a starring role as Geneviève Delatour in the Lifetime comedy-drama series Devious Maids created by Marc Cherry. In 2017, <mask> played one of Kristen Bell and Dax Shepard's grandparents (with Henry Winkler)  in SIA's music video, "Santa's Coming for Us". She also appeared in television ads for Progressive Insurance that were styled as a soap opera. Dancing with the Stars

Lucci competed in Season 7 of Dancing with the Stars with dance partner Tony Dovolani. Lucci said that Dancing had asked her to appear before, but she had turned it down, in part, because of the travel it would have required of her (at the time Dancing taped in Los Angeles while All My Children taped in New York). Lucci later changed her mind, in part, because of the experience of fellow All My Children star Cameron Mathison, who finished fifth in season 5.She was voted off the show on November 5, 2008, finishing sixth in the competition. Performances:

Business ventures
Lucci also has her own line of hair care products, perfumes, lingerie and skin care, called The Susan Lucci Collection. Personal life
<mask> married Austrian-born chef and food-service manager Helmut Huber on September 13, 1969. They are the parents of two children: actress Liza Huber and a son, Andreas Huber. <mask>'s autobiography, All My Life: A Memoir, was published in 2011. She is a registered Republican and has hosted fundraising events for Rudy Giuliani. She is a supporter of LGBT rights and equality, her support spurred by an All My Children storyline in 2000 in which her character Erica's daughter, Bianca Montgomery, came out as a lesbian.In fall 2018, <mask> suddenly experienced chest discomfort. Seeking medical help, she learned that she had two blocked cardiac arteries. That night, she had an emergency procedure to place two arterial stents in her heart. <mask> postponed making her experience public until shortly before the American Heart Association's annual Go Red for Women fashion event in February 2019. Filmography

Awards, honors and nominations

Other awards and honors include:
 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Henry Kravis, 1991
 Favorite Female Performer in a Daytime Serial, People's Choice Awards, 1992
 Women in Film Lucy Award, 1994
 New York Women in Film & Television Muse Award, 2004
 Outstanding Female Lead in a Daytime Drama, Gracie Allen Awards, 2005
 Hollywood Walk of Fame, 2005
 NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame, 2006
 Ride of Fame inductee, 2013
 Disney Legend, 2015

References

Further reading
 Siegel, Barbara, and Scott Siegel. 1986. <mask>.New York: St. Martin's Press. .
 <mask>, <mask>. 2011. All My Life: A Memoir. . External links

 <mask>'s Official Website

1946 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
American people of Italian descent
American people of Swedish descent
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American soap opera actresses
Daytime Emmy Award winners
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series winners
LGBT rights activists from the United States
Marymount College, Tarrytown alumni
New York (state) Republicans
Participants in American reality television series
People from Garden City, New York
People from Scarsdale, New York
Garden City High School (New York) alumni

masks:
Susan Victoria Lucci
Lucci
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Susan Lucci
Victor Lucci
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Susan Lucci
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<mask><mask> (April 2, 1931 – August 18, 2014) was an American politician and businessman in the U.S. state of Oregon. A native of Pennsylvania, he grew up in Hillsboro, Oregon. He joined the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War and was a small business owner before becoming a real estate agent and entering politics. He served on Hillsboro's budget committee and city council before serving two terms as mayor from 1993 to 2001. The <mask> Recreation Complex in the city's northeast corner is named in his honor. Early life
<mask> was born on April 2, 1931, in Greensburg, Pennsylvania to <mask>. The family moved to Hillsboro, Oregon, in 1934 where he grew up.As a boy he was a member of the Boy Scouts, but since Hillsboro did not have a city pool he was unable to earn his swimming merit badge. He attended the local schools and graduated from Hillsboro High School in 1949 before enrolling at Lewis & Clark College in neighboring Portland. <mask> attended the school for a year and a half and then joined the United States Air Force when the Korean War began. In the Air Force he was assigned to the Armed Forces Special Weapons project and spent nearly four years with the unit. He married Barbara Loftin in 1951, and in time the couple had three children (Mark, Rod, and Bob). Following his military service he returned to Oregon and college. <mask> entered Willamette University in Salem, where he graduated with a degree in economics in 1956.He then returned to Hillsboro and worked for his father in the family's plumbing and electrical business that included a retail appliance store. Later he bought out his brother and then father from the business, but sold it in 1985. <mask> then worked as a car salesman before entering the real estate field as a sales agent for Barbara Sue Seal Properties. He was also a member of Hillsboro's Rotary International club, including serving as president from 1984 to 1985. Political career
<mask>'s political career began when he served on Hillsboro's budget committee. In 1981, he joined the city council where he served a four-year term ending in 1985 alongside later mayor Shirley Huffman. After a two-year absence he returned for a second four-year term in 1987, followed by another term that would have run until 1995.In July 1992, <mask> announced he would run for mayor of Hillsboro to replace Huffman, who could not run again due to term limits. During the campaign season he openly opposed the Oregon Citizens Alliance’s ballot measure that was seen as anti-gay rights. He ran unopposed and won the election that November, while the ballot measure was defeated. <mask> took office in 1993, and left the city council at that time after spending ten years on the council. Mayor

As mayor in April 1995, he cast the tie-breaking vote that allowed for the construction of an apartment complex in the Jackson School neighborhood that was opposed by the neighborhood, but allowed by the existing zoning of the property. Hillsboro mayors do not hold a vote on the city council, but do break ties. Later state legislators Jim Hill and Bruce Starr also voted in favor of allowing the complex, while later mayor Jerry Willey voted against the complex.After the vote <mask> announced he would not seek a second term as mayor, but changed his mind and announced he would run for a second term in July 1996. He presided over the ribbon cutting at the apartment complex when it opened in August 1996, and later called the vote the toughest decision he had to make as mayor. In the November 1996 election he defeated retired sheet metal worker <mask>. Sherman, winning 84% of the vote. He advocated for the expansion of the urban growth boundary, including bringing in the South Hillsboro Reserve area. "I view the city as a living, breathing thing. And if it doesn't grow, it dies. I think growth was necessary to keep the town alive and healthy."<mask> worked to defeat a proposal to site a new women's prison in Hillsboro in 1997. Oregon governor John Kitzhaber insisted a prison be built in the Portland metropolitan area in either Hillsboro or at the site of the former Dammasch State Hospital in Wilsonville. The Wilsonville location was selected in May 1997, though the prison (Coffee Creek Correctional Facility) was later built north of the former state hospital. <mask> joined Kitzhaber in 2000 on a visit to Japan, where <mask> visited Hillsboro's sister city of Fukuroi as well as the headquarters of many of the Japanese-based companies with facilities in Hillsboro. On January 2, 2001, he left office and was succeeded by Tom Hughes. While <mask> was mayor, the city grew from approximately 40,000 residents to 72,630 and became the fifth most populous in the state. During his tenure the MAX Light Rail’s Blue Line opened to Hillsboro, the city created the Ronler Acres urban renewal district that led to a new campus in the city from Intel as well as the construction of Hillsboro Stadium, and the Hillsboro 2020 Vision plan was created.The <mask> Recreation Complex includes the stadium, and is named in his honor. Later life and family
After leaving office he planned to learn to play a musical instrument, learn to use a computer, and take some college level history classes. <mask> suffered a heart attack a few years after leaving office, but survived. His marriage to his first wife, Barbara, having ended, <mask> remarried in 1990 to B. J. Jeddeloh (also Barbara). <mask> was known for his sense of humor, which included an episode where he carried an axe while wearing an executioner's hood to the performance review of the city's manager. A scholarship is given in his name by the Hillsboro Community Foundation for local students pursuing nursing careers. In 2014, he began receiving hospice care at home due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.<mask> died on August 18, 2014, at home at the age of 83 due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. References

1931 births
2014 deaths
Mayors of Hillsboro, Oregon
Businesspeople from Oregon
Willamette University alumni
Lewis & Clark College alumni
People from Greensburg, Pennsylvania
Hillsboro City Council members (Oregon)
United States Air Force airmen
Deaths from lung disease
20th-century American businesspeople

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