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<mask> (February 19, 1949 – July 3, 1998),  formerly known as <mask>, was an American game designer and programmer, known for the 1983 game M.U.L.E., one of the first influential multiplayer video games, and 1984's The Seven Cities of Gold. In 1998, she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Computer Game Developers Association. In 2007, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences chose <mask> as the 10th inductee into its Hall of Fame. Early life
<mask> was born in St. Louis, Missouri and moved to Little Rock, Arkansas as a junior in high school. She was the oldest of six siblings. While growing up in Little Rock, <mask>'s family didn't always have enough money to make ends meet, so <mask> took a job at a pharmacy. She also held a leadership role with the Boy Scouts.According to <mask>, one of her fondest childhood memories involved playing games with her family. She was quoted saying, “When I was a kid, the only times my family spent together that weren’t totally dysfunctional were when we were playing games. Consequently, I believe games are a wonderful way to socialize.”

While attending the University of Arkansas, she opened up her own bike shop called Highroller Cyclerie. <mask> acquired a degree in industrial engineering in 1974 and started programming text-based video games as a hobby. After she graduated from college, she was employed by the National Science Foundation, where she created urban models before starting a job at a video game company. Career
In 1978, <mask> sold a real-time auction game for the Apple II titled Wheeler Dealers to a Canadian software company, Speakeasy Software. This early multiplayer game required a custom controller, raising its price to USD$35 in an era of $15 games sold in plastic bags.It sold only 50 copies. After producing three titles for SSI, <mask>, who by then had founded a software company called Ozark Softscape, caught the attention of Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins. M.U.L.E. was <mask>'s first game for EA, originally published for the Atari 8-bit family because the Atari 800 had four controller ports. <mask> later ported it to the Commodore 64. While its sales - 30,000 units - were not high, the game developed a cult following and was widely pirated. The game setting was inspired by the novel Time Enough for Love by Robert A. Heinlein.Along with the success of M.U.L.E., <mask> also had close ties with the games Robot Rascals, Heart of Africa, and Cartels & Cutthroat$. Throughout her career, she was involved in the creation of 12 games, 10 of which revolved around multiplayer compatibility. The only two which didn't have a multiplayer focus were Seven Cities of Gold and Heart of Africa. <mask> wanted to follow up M.U.L.E. with a game that would have been similar to the later game Civilization, but after fellow Ozark Softscape partners balked at the idea, <mask> followed with The Seven Cities of Gold, which proved popular because of its simplicity. By the time the continent data were stored in the computer's memory, there was little left for fancy graphics or complex gameplay - the game had only five resources. It was a hit, selling more than 150,000 copies.The follow-up game, Heart of Africa, appeared in 1985 and was followed by Robot Rascals, a combination computer/card game that had no single-player mode and sold only 9,000 copies, and 1988's Modem Wars, one of the early games played by two players over a dial-up modem. Modem Wars was ahead of its time, as few people in the late 1980s had modems in their homes. <mask> departed EA for MicroProse. Allegedly, Trip Hawkins, CEO of EA, did not feel that pushing production of games onto a cartridge based system was a good idea. The shift was important to <mask>, as computer games had previously been distributed on floppy discs, and a changeover to a cartridge system would allow games to be played on Nintendo systems. This was a significant factor in her decision to leave. She then developed a computer version of the board game Axis and Allies, which became 1990's Command HQ, a modem/network grand strategy wargame.<mask>'s second and last game for MicroProse was 1992's Global Conquest, a 4-player network/modem war game. It was the first 4-player network game from a major publisher. <mask> was a strong advocate of multi-player online games, observing that, "No one ever said on their deathbed, 'Gee, I wish I had spent more time alone with my computer.'" A port of M.U.L.E. to the Mega Drive/Genesis was cancelled after <mask> refused to put guns and bombs in the game, feeling it would alter the game too much from its original concept. In 1997, <mask> shifted focus to multiplayer games over the Internet with Warsport, a remake of Modem Wars that debuted on the MPlayer.com game network. Less than a year after the release of Warsport, <mask> was diagnosed with lung cancer presumably related to years of heavy smoking.She died on July 3, 1998. At the time, she was working on the design of an Internet version of M.U.L.E..

M.U.L.E

The game's primary premise consisted of players playing with and against one another to establish total control over a planet. The name of the game stands for Multiple Use Labor Element. The game was originally made for the Atari 400 and Atari 800 but was later developed to be compatible with the Commodore 64, NES, and IBM pcjr. The game has a maximum of four players. Players are given different options and choices, and are allowed to create their colony the way they see fit. This can be done by changing races and giving respective colonies different advantages that will impact the way the game is played and determined later on down the line.Ultimately there are two ways in which players can win the game. The first way is by having the most amount of money out of all four players, and the second way is by being able to survive the colony itself. The game focuses heavily on going out and retrieving resources that can be used to benefit their character. Items such as food, energy, and crystite are some of a number of in-game items that players are able to retrieve and use to better themselves. In order for a player to be able to access these items, they will first have to have access to a M.U.L.E. The acquisition of these items has a direct reflection on what the player will be allowed to do. For example, if a player doesn't have enough food, they will have less time during their turn.The Seven Cities of Gold

The Seven Cities of Gold was originally intended to be another multiplayer game. It was originally a single player format, focused heavily on having the players travel around the map and collect items to help them strengthen their colony. Once they felt as though they had a solid colony, the players could battle each other to see who could overtake who. After much consideration, Ozark Software came to the conclusion that this would not be doable. Instead, they went with a formula that had the game focus solely on developing a colony. Ozark Softscape
Ozark Softscape was a computer game development team consisting initially of <mask>, her brother Bill Bunten, Jim Rushing, and Alan Watson. Ozark was run out of <mask>'s basement.The company was based out of Little Rock, Arkansas and had profound success with a few of their early titles. Ozark Softscape had a publishing deal with Electronic Arts for several of its groundbreaking games. In the early 1990s, Ozark Softscape left its partnership with Electronic Arts over a dispute to port some games to cartridge format for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It began a partnership with MicroProse to produce two more titles: Command HQ and Global Conquest. A dispute occurred over creating a follow-up to M.U.L.E. with Sega in 1993, and the company dissolved. The employees of Ozark Softscape moved to different areas of the software industry.Personal life
<mask> was married three times. <mask> had three children, one daughter and two sons. After a third divorce, <mask>, who had until then been living as male, transitioned to living as a woman. <mask> underwent sex reassignment surgery in November 1992 and afterward kept a lower profile in the games industry. <mask> later regretted having surgery, finding that for her, the drawbacks of surgical transition outweighed the benefits, and wishing she had considered alternative approaches. She joked that the surgery was to improve the video game industry's male/female ratio and aesthetics, but advised others considering a sex change not to proceed unless there was no alternative and warned them of the cost, saying "Being my 'real self' could have included having a penis and including more femininity in whatever forms made sense. I didn't know that until too late and now I have to make the best of the life I've stumbled into.I just wish I would have tried more options before I jumped off the precipice." After her transition in fall 1992, <mask> stayed out of the video game spotlight, mostly keeping to herself. She felt as though that after transitioning she was not as good at video game development as she had previously been, stating "So, I'm a little more than three years into my new life role as Ms. <mask>, and her career looks to be somewhat different from old Mr. <mask>'s. For one thing, I'm not as good a programmer as he was." On July 3, 1998, <mask> died of lung cancer. Games

Wheeler Dealers (1978)
Computer Quarterback (1981)
Cartels & Cutthroats (1981)
Cytron Masters (1982)
M.U.L.E. (1983)
The Seven Cities of Gold (1984)
Heart of Africa (1985)
Robot Rascals (1986)
Modem Wars (1988)
Command HQ (1990)
Global Conquest (1992)
Warsport (1997)

Recognition
Although many of <mask>'s titles were not commercially successful, they were widely recognized by the industry as being ahead of their time.On May 7, 1998, less than two months before her death, <mask> was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Computer Game Developers Association. In 2000, Will Wright dedicated his blockbuster hit The Sims to <mask>'s memory. In 2007, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences chose <mask> to be inducted into its Hall of Fame. Sid Meier, the mastermind behind the video game series Civilization, inducted her at the Hard Rock Hotel in Las Vegas. <mask> was known as someone who was very easy to talk to. If someone recognized her in public, she would be more than delighted to have a conversation with them. See also

 Dona Bailey
 Jamie Fenton
 Lucy Gilbert
 Patricia Goodson
 Rebecca Heineman
 Amy Hennig
 Brenda Laurel
 Suki Lee
 Chris Maddox
 Cathryn Mataga
 Carla Meninsky
 Laura Nikolich
 Carol Shaw
 Carol Ryan Thomas
 Joyce Weisbecker
 Anne Westfall
List of programmers
List of women in the video game industry
Women and video games
Women in computing

References

External links

 <mask>en <mask> profile at MobyGames
 A tribute to <mask> by Greg Costikyan
 A tribute to <mask> from Gamasutra

 Dani Bunten <mask> named to the Academy of Interactive Arts
 Article from The Arkansas Times about Bunten and M.U.L.E.Ozark Softscape: Creators of M.U.L.E. 1949 births
1998 deaths
Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame inductees
American video game designers
Artists from Little Rock, Arkansas
Deaths from cancer in Arkansas
Deaths from lung cancer
LGBT people from Arkansas
LGBT people from Missouri
MicroProse people
People from St. Louis
Transgender and transsexual computer programmers
Transgender and transsexual women
Video game programmers
Women video game programmers
Women video game designers
20th-century LGBT people

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Danielle Berry
Dan Bunten
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<mask>Tas<mask> (June 19, 1941 - November 17, 2014) was a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Ryerson University in Toronto, Ontario and a Professor Emeritus with the Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto. In October 2006, Professor <mask> joined Ryerson University and served as the Founding Vice-President of Research and Innovation. His portfolio included oversight of the university's international activities, research ethics, Office of Research Services, and Office of Innovation and Commercialization. He retired from that position in 2010, but remained a distinguished advisor to the role. <mask> continued to actively supervise his research group at the University of Toronto, and was a highly sought-after consultant throughout his career. Education
<mask> received a Bachelor of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering degree from the National Technical University of Athens, and an M.S., M. Phil, and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. <mask> was a Fulbright Scholar and a Schmitt Scholar, and in 1994 was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from his alma mater, the National Technical University of Athens.Personal life
In 1986, Tas <mask> married Vasiliki Koronakis in a Greek Orthodox service in Toronto, Ontario. They have two daughters: <mask> (born 1987) and <mask> (born 1988). Research interests
Tas <mask>' research interests included: biometrics research; multimedia (image compression, image and video retrieval); digital signal/image processing (multichannel image processing, nonlinear, adaptive and M-D filtering, knowledge-based image processing and recognition, 3-D imaging, biomedical applications); pattern classification and telecommunications. Research record
Professor <mask> (Tas) <mask> had a long and productive career in research, education and university administration. He was an internationally renowned researcher in the fields of multimedia systems, digital signal and image processing, digital communications, biometrics and neural networks. Over a period of four decades, he established himself in the worldwide telecommunications and signal processing community as an outstanding researcher, scholar, professor and consultant. He made contributions to telecommunications, signal and image processing, multimedia and biometrics research by authoring and co-authoring many journal papers and books.His pioneering and fundamental research contributions, along with the writing of numerous graduate-level books, opened up new vistas in several fields, including telecommunications; multidimensional filter theory and design; the design of non-linear filters; multimedia neural networks; biometrics applications and WLAN positioning systems. According to a 2020 Google Scholar count, his work has been cited in over 22,600 research papers and 400 textbooks. He was a mentor for over 160 graduate students and post-doctoral fellows. He motivated a generation of engineers in North America and around the world to take up careers in research and teaching in the areas of signal and image processing, telecommunications, multimedia, and biometrics. Telecommunications

Professor Venetsanopoulos' early work dealt with the problem of optimal detection and signal design, to facilitate communication over purely random, general, linear, time-varying, very noisy, undersea acoustic channels. His results contributed to the improvement of SONAR systems for undersea communications over fading dispersive channels and was later applied to ionospheric and tropospheric channels. Subsequent publications focused on the issue of image and video compression and made contributions in the area of progressive image transmission (PIT).PIT refers to the coding of still images at increasing levels of precision. Through PIT, it is possible to expedite activities such as browsing through remote databases of images. Professor <mask> developed and tested a number of first and second generation morphological pyramidal techniques, which achieved compression ratios of around 100:1 for good quality, lossy, still image transmission. He contributed to the study of vector quantization for lossy image compression and developed a number of hierarchical coding techniques for still images. Wavelet techniques for still image compression were also addressed by him, as well as fractal-based techniques for compressing and coding still images and video sequences. His later contributions in telecommunications were in the area of mobility management and he developed cost-effective algorithms for mobile terminal location and determination and WLAN positioning systems. This area has attracted interest for its applications in emergency communications, location-sensitive browsing, and resource allocation.Signal and image processing

Professor <mask> was one of the first Canadian researchers to make a contribution to the foundations of two-dimensional and multi-dimensional digital filtering. These techniques are widely used in image and video processing. His early contributions in these areas provided the basis for a variety of techniques that led to efficient two-dimensional filter design. In the eighties, his interest was focused on the area of nonlinear filters. Nonlinear filters are more complex than linear filters but allow additional flexibility and speed in complex applications. In the area of nonlinear filters, Professor <mask> contributed theoretical results, including the introduction of new filter families. The "Nonlinear Order Statistics Filters" were a special case of linear median, order statistics, homomorphic, a-trimmed median, generalized mean, nonlinear mean and fuzzy nonlinear filters.New versions of polynomial filters, such as quadratic filters, were also studied by Professor <mask>. He designed new morphological filters, which lead to various detection and recognition applications. Finally, he conducted extensive research in the area of Adaptive filters. Professor <mask> developed Adaptive Order Statistics filters, Adaptive LMS/RLS filters, Adaptive L-filters and Adaptive morphological filter algorithms. These filters are extensively used in numerous biomedical applications, such as in radiology, mammography and tomography. Among other applications, they are also applied to financial data processing and remote sensing. In the nineties, Professor <mask> contributed to the field of color image processing and analysis, where he introduced a number of techniques for color image enhancement filtering and analysis.He also introduced the so-called vector directional filter family, which operates along the direction of the color vectors. A new class of adaptive nonlinear filters was developed. Fuzzy membership functions based on different distance measures were adopted to determine the weights of new nonlinear, adaptive filters. The new filters encompassed different classes of existing nonlinear filters as special cases. For the first time, the color image was treated as a vector field and edge information carried directly by the color vectors was exploited using vector order statistics. Multimedia signal processing

In 1999 Professor <mask> became the Inaugural Chair of the Bell Canada Multimedia Systems Laboratory at the University of Toronto. From that year, he contributed to the area of multimedia data mining and information retrieval by addressing two key technical challenges: a) the problem of similarity determination within the visual data domain, b) the interactive learning of user intentions and automatic adjustment of system parameters for improved retrieval accuracy.He developed still image and video retrieval systems that utilized color content queries. The system implemented a new vector-based approach to image retrieval using an angular-based similarity measure. The scheme he developed addresses the drawbacks of the histogram techniques, it is flexible, and outperforms established retrieval systems. He also developed an interactive learning algorithm for resolving ambiguities arising due to the mismatch between machine-representation of images and human context-dependent interpretation of visual content. His proposed solution exploited feedback from users during retrieval sessions, to adapt their query intentions and improve the accuracy of the retrieved results. Biometrics research

For thousands of years, humans have used visually-perceived body characteristics such as face and gait to recognize one another. This remarkable ability of human visual system led Professor <mask> to build automated systems to recognize individuals from digitally captured facial images and gait sequences.Face and gait recognition belong to the field of biometrics, a very active area of research in computer science, mainly motivated by government and security-related considerations. Face and gait are two typical physiological and behavioral biometrics. <mask> contributed to both areas and his research has been extensively cited. There are two general approaches to the subject: the appearance-based approach and the model-based approach. Appearance-based face recognition processes a 2-D facial image as 2-D holistic patterns. The whole face region is the raw input to a recognition system and each face image is commonly represented by a high-dimensional vector consisting of the pixel intensity values in the image. Thus, face recognition is transformed to a multivariate, statistical pattern recognition problem.In a similar fashion to appearance-based face recognition, an appearance-based gait recognition approach considers gait as a holistic pattern and uses a full-body representation of a human subject as silhouettes or contours. Gait video sequences are naturally three-dimensional objects, formally named tensor objects, and they are very difficult to deal with using traditional vector-based learning algorithms. In order to deal with these tensor objects effectively, <mask> and his research team developed a framework of multilinear subspace learning, so that computation and memory demands are reduced, natural structure and correlation in the original data are preserved, and more compact and useful features can be obtained. The Model-based gait recognition approach considers a human subject as an articulated object, represented by various body poses. Professor <mask> proposed a full-body, layered deformable model (LDM) inspired by the manually labeled body-part-level silhouettes. The LDM has a layered structure to model self-occlusion between body parts and it is deformable, so simple limb deformation is taken into consideration. In addition, it also models shoulder swing.The LDM parameters can be recovered from automatically extracted silhouettes and then used for recognition. Publications and grants
Tas <mask> authored or co-authored nine books; contributed chapters to 35 books; and published over 870 academic papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings. <mask>' best known contributions to electrical engineering are: "Nonlinear Digital Filters: Principles and Applications", "Artificial Neural Networks: Learning Algorithms, Performance Evaluation, and Applications", "Color Image Processing and Applications", "WLAN Positioning Systems", "Multilinear Subspace Learning: Dimensionality Reduction of Multidimensional Data". He was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); the Centers of Excellence of the Province of Ontario; the Ontario Research Fund; the Canadian Space Agency; Spar Aerospace; Ontario Hydro; the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada; the Department of Communications, Canada; and the Province of Ontario. Career
Professor <mask> joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at the University of Toronto in September 1968 as a Lecturer. He was promoted to Assistant Professor in 1970, Associate Professor in 1973, and Professor in 1981. <mask> served as Chair of the Communications Group and Associate Chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering.Between July 1997 and June 2001, he was Associate Chair of the Graduate Studies of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and was Acting Chair during the spring term of 1998–99. In 1999, a Chair in Multimedia was established in the ECE Department, made possible by a donation of $1.25 Million from Bell Canada, matched with $1 Million of university funds. <mask> served as Inaugural Chairholder between 1999 and 2005 and two Assistant Professors were hired in the same field. During the period 2001–2006, he served as the twelfth Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering at the University of Toronto. <mask>' five-year term as the twelfth Dean of the University of Toronto Applied Science and Engineering –the largest and most prominent Faculty of Engineering in Canada– was characterized by an ambitious record of achievement. During his tenure, the "Great Minds" campaign of the Faculty raised $124 Million in external donations, matched by an equal amount of funds from granting agencies and foundations. There were two major buildings constructed: the Bahen Centre for Information Technology with the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and the Terrance Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research with the Faculty of Medicine.A Strategic Plan for 2004-2010 set the direction for Faculty-wide revitalization. The undergraduate curriculum was revised to offer greater flexibility and enrichment. The Office of the Vice-Dean, Research and Graduate Studies was introduced to enhance the research of the Faculty. An exceptional number of citations of professors of the Faculty resulted, while streamlining of administrative units across the Faculty. The Faculty of Engineering increased its focus on teaching and on the quality of the student experience. There was greater multi-disciplinary collaboration. Professor <mask> went on research leave at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, the National Technical University of Athens, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, the University of Florence, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and the University of Grenoble, France.He also served as Adjunct Professor at Concordia University. During 2003-06 he served as a member of the advisory board of the Faculty of Engineering of the National University of Singapore. In April 2009, he was appointed as the Distinguished Guest Professor of the Communications University of China. He served as lecturer in 138 short courses to industry and continuing education programs and as Consultant to numerous organizations. On 1 October 2006, Professor <mask> joined Ryerson University as the Founding Vice-President of Research and Innovation. In that position, <mask> accepted oversight of Ryerson's international activities, research ethics and the Office of Research Services and the Office of Innovation and Commercialization. In this role, he implemented four strategies to transform the Ryerson University, which was a Polytechnic Institution only a few years before.First, the provision of stimulus and support to the quality and quantity of scholarly research and creative activity (with the stated goal of delivering a research enterprise of over $20 Million by the 2010-11 fiscal year). Second, the facilitation of the transfer of new knowledge to the community, industry and the marketplace. Third, the pursuit of partnerships and collaborations that supported the overall scholarly research and creative activities plan. Fourth, the provision of research opportunities to both undergraduate and graduate students throughout the University. Under his leadership, the research trajectory at Ryerson included international competitions for outstanding postdoctoral fellows; a focus on increasing innovation; international and commercial activity; and university support for excellence and ingenuity among graduate and undergraduate students. On 30 June 2010, Professor <mask> retired from the position of Vice-President Research and Innovation at Ryerson and took a one-year administrative leave and subsequently joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. In the words of Ryerson's President Sheldon Levy, "As the first ever Vice-President, Research and Innovation at Ryerson, Tas brought to the position an immediate credibility and presence based on his own international research record.He advanced research in ways that established the university as active and competitive in Scholarly Research and Creative Activity. Under his leadership Ryerson has attracted scholars and postdoctoral fellows with unprecedented momentum, and made great progress in visibility, perception and objective rankings related to research... Externally funded research has more than doubled in the past four years, and Ryerson now ranks in the top half of non-medical universities in Canada for research... Under Tas' leadership the research trajectory at Ryerson has been one of extraordinary growth and success." In December 2011, <mask> was appointed, "Distinguished Advisor to the Vice President Research and Innovation" and continued his full-time academic duties as a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Ryerson University until his death. Professional service and awards
Professor <mask> served as chairperson on numerous boards, councils and technical conference committees of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He served as the Chair of the Toronto Section from 1977 to 1979 and the IEEE Central Canada Council from 1980 to 1982. He was President of the Canadian Society for Electrical Engineering and Vice President of the Engineering Institute of Canada from 1983 to 1986.He was a Guest Editor or Associate Editor for several IEEE journals and the Editor of the Canadian Electrical Engineering Journal (1981–1983). He was a member of the Communications, Circuits and Systems, Computer, and Signal Processing Societies of IEEE, as well as a member of Sigma Xi, the Association for Computer Machinery, the American Society for Engineering Education, the Technical Chamber of Greece, and the Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario (APEO) and Greece. In 1994, Professor <mask> was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the National University of Technology in Athens, Greece. In 1996, he was awarded the "Excellence in Innovation" Award from the Information Technology Research Centre of Ontario and the Royal Bank of Canada for his work in image processing. <mask> was also awarded the "Millennium Medal of IEEE", and the "MacNaughton Medal". In March 2006, he was a joint recipient of the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks Outstanding Paper Award. He was a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the IEEE, and the Canadian Academy of Engineering.In 2008, A.N<mask> along with Rastislav Lukac, Bogdan Smolka and Konstantinos N. Plataniotis were awarded the "Most Cited Paper Award" by the Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation for their work in artificial neural networks. In 2010, Dr. <mask>ulos CV (October, 2012)
Digital Image and Signal Processing Lab, Ryerson University
Multimedia Lab, University of Toronto

University of Toronto faculty
1941 births
2014 deaths
National Technical University of Athens alumni
National Technical University of Athens faculty
Fellows of the Engineering Institute of Canada
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
IEEE Centennial Medal laureates
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Ryerson University faculty
Engineers from Ontario
Yale University alumni
20th-century Canadian engineers
21st-century Canadian engineers
Engineers from Toronto
Scientists from Toronto
Greek electrical engineers
Canadian electrical engineers
Canadian mechanical engineers
Greek computer scientists
Canadian computer scientists
20th-century Greek scientists
21st-century Greek scientists
20th-century Canadian scientists
21st-century Canadian scientists

masks:
Anastasios (
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Venetsanopoulos
Tas Venetsanopoulos
Tas Venetsanopoulos
Tas Venetsanopoulos
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Elizabeth Venetsanopoulos
Dominique Venetsanopoulos
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Anastasios
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<mask> (born Margaret Derden Philpott; June 30, 1899 – January 24, 1990) was an American stage and film actress. She was a popular leading lady in the 1920s and early 1930s. Her career declined in the sound era and ended following a romantic scandal in the 1940s. Early life
Margaret Derden Philpott was born in Hillsboro, Texas on June 30, 1899 to William Bledsoe and Annie Margaret Derden Philpott. <mask> was raised in San Antonio, Texas until she was 6 years old, and the family later moved to Brownwood, Texas, where her father worked as an English professor at Texas A&M University. As a child, she took dancing lessons and soon began to aspire to become a stage performer. She made her stage debut dancing in a local production of Aida, at the age of 9.The Philpotts later moved to Denver, Colorado. <mask> met and married <mask> in Colorado, but they divorced when she decided to leave Colorado to pursue her acting career. In her autobiography, she later claimed that her agent suggested the name, possibly to avoid the scandal of divorce. Career

Early years
Shortly before she was to graduate from high school, <mask> left home for New York City. She soon began working as a dancer on Broadway. After appearing in the chorus of The Love Mill (1917), she decided to try acting. In 1918, she appeared in a touring production of Pollyanna for which she received good reviews.Her big break came 1919 when she replaced Helen Hayes in the Broadway production of Dear Brutus opposite William Gillette, in 1918. <mask> also appeared in the touring production of Dear Brutus. While appearing in Dear Brutus, <mask> was cast in a supporting role in her first film The Riddle: Woman (1920), starring Geraldine Farrar. After the tour of Dear Brutus ended, she joined a stock company in Washington D.C. where she appeared in Peg o' My Heart. While a member of the company, <mask> shot a screen test for director Thomas H. Ince. In November 1920, she signed a three-year contract with Ince's newly formed Triangle Film Corporation. Her first film for Triangle was 1921's The Cup of Life, starring Hobart Bosworth.Films

<mask>'s breakout role was as the title character in the 1922 film adaptation of the 1869 novel Lorna Doone. She thereafter became known as "the exquisite Madge" (Artist Penrhyn Stanlaws later called her "The Most Beautiful Girl in America"), and was cast in several melodramas by Ince. In 1924, <mask>'s contract with Ince ended and she signed with Fox Film Corporation where she would stay for the next five years. While at Fox, she appeared in two films for John Ford, The Iron Horse (1924) and Lightnin'. By 1925, <mask> began encountering difficulties due to several "artistic differences" she had with studio executives. That year, she refused to accept a role in the highly successful silent epic Ben-Hur. She later attributed her career decline due to her own choice of wanting to appear in light comedy and flapper roles that showcased her looks instead of more demanding roles.In 1927, Fox executive Winfield Sheehan, with whom <mask> was having an affair, attempted to cast her in the lead role of "Diane" in the romantic drama 7th Heaven. <mask> later told author Anthony Slide that she was in fact cast as "Diane", but was replaced by Janet Gaynor (who won the first Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in the film) when she was in France shooting exterior shots. <mask> instead appeared in romantic comedy Very Confidential, in which she appeared as a model who impersonates a famous female sports figure. In 1928, <mask> was cast in Fox's first part-talking film, Mother Knows Best The film was an adaptation of Edna Ferber's novel of the same name and features <mask> as Sally Quail, a stage performer whose life is dominated by her overbearing stage mother "Ma Quail" (Louise Dresser). In the musical sequences, <mask> impersonated several popular performers of the day including Anna Held, Sir Harry Lauder, and Al Jolson singing "My Mammy" in blackface. Reviews for the film were generally positive with critics noting that <mask>'s voice was weak. <mask>'s final silent film, Fugitives, was released in 1929.Her first full length, all talking feature Tonight at Twelve, was released later that year. By the time of its release, <mask>'s career had taken a severe downturn due to several ill-advised choices she made in fits of anger (fan magazines of the day called Bellamy "Miss Firecracker" due to her temperament). Despite her poor behavior off-set, she was still a fairly popular performer and was named an "American Beauty" by the Hollywood Association of Foreign Correspondents. In 1929, she walked out on her contract at Fox after refusing to star in the planned film adaptation of The Trial of Mary Dugan, a 1927 hit Broadway play by Bayard Veiller that the studio bought especially for <mask> (the film was made later that year at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer starring Norma Shearer). <mask> later said of her career, "I got too big for my britches. I wanted too much money and when it was not forthcoming, I quit." <mask> attempted to find work as a freelance actress but did not work again until 1932 when she began appearing in Poverty Row films.One of her better known roles from this period was in the 1932 film White Zombie, opposite Bela Lugosi and directed by brothers Edward and Victor Hugo Halperin. The film was a moderate success but received mixed reviews while <mask>'s performance was generally panned by critics (In a 1970 letter to Classic Film Collector, <mask> claimed her performance appeared bad because she had lost her voice due to a cold and was dubbed by another actress. This has since been proven false). She was slated to appear in the Halperin brothers' next film, Supernatural, but Carole Lombard was cast instead. Career decline and scandal
By the early 1940s, <mask>'s career had virtually ended. She garnered considerable media attention when, on January 20, 1943, she was arrested in San Francisco and charged with assault with a deadly weapon after firing a .32 caliber revolver at her former lover, wealthy lumber executive Albert Stanwood Murphy, three times. <mask> had been having an affair with Murphy for five years before he ended the relationship in October 1942.After learning that Murphy had married former model June Almy shortly after their breakup, Bellamy traveled to San Francisco to confront him and "... make him suffer somehow." She later admitted that she waited around Murphy's apartment in the Nob Hill area for four days. She eventually spotted Murphy leaving the Pacific-Union Club on January 20. While Murphy was getting into his car, Bellamy fired three shots at him. She later said, "I wasn't within speaking distance [of Murphy], but he saw me and shouted something I didn't understand. Maybe it was 'don't.' Then I guess I shot at him.He ducked and ran." She fired three times, hitting Murphy's car twice while the third shot missed. Witnesses wrestled the gun out of her hand. Shortly after the shooting, <mask> claimed that she did not intend to harm Murphy and that she "... just wanted to see him. He wouldn't see me so I took the little gun with me. [...] I had had the little gun so long I thought it was just a toy." She was also quoted as saying, "I only winged him, which is what I meant to do.Believe me, I'm a crack shot". On February 11, 1943, <mask> pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of violating a gun law and was given a suspended six-month sentence. She was also sentenced to one year of probation. In July 1943, <mask> sued Murphy for divorce in Las Vegas claiming that she and Murphy were married by "mutual consent" in April 1941 and had lived as husband and wife up until Murphy ended the relationship. She charged Murphy with "extreme mental cruelty" and asked for both temporary and permanent alimony. In December 1943, Albert Stanwood Murphy asked that the court dismiss the suit, stating that he and <mask> "are not now and have never been husband and wife". On January 4, 1944, a Nevada court denied <mask>'s divorce suit on the grounds that she and Murphy had never legally been married.One day after <mask>'s divorce case was dismissed, she was awarded a reported six-figure out-of-court settlement from Murphy. The shooting and divorce filing generated publicity for <mask>, but effectively ended her already fading career. She made her last screen appearance in Northwestern film Northwest Trail in 1945. She returned to the stage in 1946 in the Los Angeles production of Holiday Lady, after which she retired. For her contributions to the film industry, <mask> received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. The star is located at 6517 Hollywood Boulevard. Personal life
<mask> was briefly married to bond broker Logan F. Metcalf.They married in Tijuana on January 24, 1928. They separated four days later. Metcalf filed for divorce claiming that while the two were on honeymoon, <mask> had refused to speak to him because of his fondness for eating ham and eggs, which she considered "plebeian". Metcalf was granted a divorce on April 25, 1928. By the time <mask> retired from acting, she had squandered much of her fortune and lost the remaining money during the Depression. In her posthumously published autobiography, A Darling of the Twenties, <mask> claimed that she lived in "abject poverty" after her retirement. She did, however, have some holdings in real estate and owned a retail shop in which she worked to support herself.In her spare time, she wrote screenplays and novels which were never purchased. In the early 1980s, she sold the retail shop for double the amount she had paid for it and lived in relative financial comfort for the rest of her life. <mask> remained out of public view until the 1980s when film historians and silent film fans who had rediscovered her work began requesting interviews. She also began attending screenings of the low budget horror film White Zombie, which was a moderate success upon its initial release and has since become a cult classic. In her final years, <mask> lived alone in Ontario, California. Death
She suffered from chronic heart problems toward the end of her life. On January 10, 1990, she checked into the San Antonio Community Hospital in Upland, California for treatment.She died there of heart failure on January 24 at the age 90. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Her autobiography A Darling of the Twenties was published one month after her death. Filmography

References

Notes

External links

 Literature on <mask> Bellamy

1899 births
1990 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Denver
Actresses from San Antonio
American autobiographers
American film actresses
American atheists
American musical theatre actresses
American silent film actresses
American stage actresses
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
People from Hillsboro, Texas
People from Ontario, California
Women autobiographers
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers

masks:
Madge Bellamy
Bellamy
Madge
Carlos Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Madge


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<mask> (born October 11, 1948) is an American singer, musician, multi-instrumentalist, composer, and arranger. He is the lead vocalist and keyboardist of the eponymous blues rock band Joe Delia & Thieves, after previously touring as a session and studio musician with Chuck Berry, Pat Benatar, and Stevie Wonder. He is also prolific composer of film and television scores, best known for his long-running collaborations with filmmaker Abel Ferrara on films like Ms. 45, King of New York, Bad Lieutenant, Body Snatchers and Zeros and Ones. Biography

The Bruthers
Born in Brooklyn, <mask> began his career as a teenager in the early sixties, playing piano and singing with his group The Bruthers, who signed to RCA Records and released the 1966 single "Bad Way to Go". Managed by promoter Sid Bernstein, The Bruthers went on to work as a backup band on tours with rock 'n' roll artists Stevie Wonder, The Crystals, Chuck Berry, Little Eva and the Isley Brothers. "Bad Way to Go" was included on the compilation album, Pebbles, Volume 8. Bad Way to Go, compiling The Bruthers' sole single and some unreleased studio recordings, was released Sundazed Records in 2003.Studio work
During the seventies, Delia studied composition, arranging, piano and bass violin under the likes of Don Sebesky, Eddie Gómez, and Jimmy Garrison. He was later chosen for the position of Composer in Residence at Sarah Lawrence College for two years under the direction of Shirley Kaplan and June Ekert. He eventually made his way into the studio scene in New York City, playing keyboards and writing arrangements for such diverse artists as Dusty Springfield, Grace Slick, Janis Ian, Pat Benatar, Helen Schneider, The Left Banke, Cory Daye and Engelbert Humperdinck, as well as writing jingles and scoring many industrial films. In Denmark, <mask> is best known for his collaboration in the early 1980s with the popular Danish songwriter Kim Larsen when Larsen unsuccessfully tried to break into the American music industry. The eventual result was two albums credited to Kim Larsen and Jungle Dreams; the albums both sold well – but only in Denmark. Film and television
Among Delia's earliest experiences in the music business were co-writing and singing for The Muppets' first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show., composing jingles for major advertising campaigns, and co-composing a children's musical titled Lollapalooza which was produced by Joseph Papp and Bernard Gertsen for the New York Shakespeare festival. After scoring two low-budget features for director Abel Ferrara during the 1970s, the two teamed up on a third film, Ms. 45 (1980).This working relationship continued for over twenty years, resulting in scores for most of Ferrara's body of work, including China Girl, King of New York, Dangerous Game, The Addiction, The Funeral, Subway Stories and The Blackout, on which Delia wrote the original score and collaborated on songs with rap artist Schoolly D. <mask> appears as himself in A Short Film About the Long Career of Abel Ferrara, (which is included the Artisan DVD release of King of New York). <mask> wrote music for a 1985 episode of Miami Vice, directed by Ferrara, in which Delia makes an uncredited appearance as a musician. <mask>'s collaboration with Ferrara came to a hiatus ever since the latter fired him during the making of New Rose Hotel (1998). He eventually reunited with Ferrara with the 2017 documentary Alive in France. Other credits during the nineties include the HBO film The Enemy Within; and Drunks, starring Richard Lewis and Faye Dunaway. He also scored the television series Dellaventura, starring Danny Aiello, and scored the second season of the sci-fi series War of the Worlds. He composed music for twenty-six episodes of the BBC children's show Growing Up Wild/Madison's Adventures, was musical director for Richard Belzer's HBO and Showtime specials, and scored the Emmy Award-winning ten-part series Lost Civilizations for NBC/Time–Life.Delia's later film scores include Jenniphr Goodman's comedy hit The Tao of Steve, released by Sony Classics; Fever, by Alex Winter; Ricky 6, written and directed by Peter Filardi; A Jersey Tale, by Michael Tolajian; My Best Friend's Wife, by Doug Finelli; Bitter Jester, produced by Richard Belzer; Bridget, by Amos Kollek; the jazz segments for the PBS film Partners of the Heart, by Bill Duke; and Carlito's Way: Rise to Power (a prequel to Brian De Palma's Carlito's Way) directed by Michael Bregman and executive produced by Martin Bregman. He composed theme music for a season of Pee Wee's Playhouse, while continuing to score feature films. He composed for three seasons on the History Channel's most successful series Digging for the Truth, and wrote the score for the Discovery Channel series Weapon Masters. Delia scored the PBS series Nova, the BBC web series Becoming Human, National Geographic Channel's "Pythons", and the PBS/National Geographic Channel joint productions Blue Holes and King Solomon's Mines. Later bands and production work

Delia toured internationally with rock singer David Johansen, in the 1980s, producing and co-writing his solo album Sweet Revenge, and continued with the co-creation of the Buster Poindexter Show. Over the next five years he served as musical director and piano player for the live show, and is credited as musical director and co-arranger of the self-titled Buster Poindexter album which yielded the hit song "Hot Hot Hot". Partnering with Scandinavian singing star Kim Larsen in the early eighties, Delia produced and co-wrote two albums that topped the pop charts throughout Europe, including a 1981 number one single in France ("Donnez Moi du Feu"), sold out tours, and platinum albums in France, Sweden, Denmark and Norway.In the early nineties, <mask> produced a series of albums on BMG/Music Masters for jazz greats Stanley Turrentine, Freddie Hubbard, Jim Hall, Louis Bellson and his own album Scene of the Crime, which he produced with Max Weinberg (of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band). In 2010, <mask> toured with his new band Thieves, featuring Steven Roues, Billy Roues, Klyph Black, James Benard and Pj <mask>. Discography
with The Bruthers
 "Bad Way to Go" / "Bad Love" (1966, RCA)
 Bad Way to Go (2003, Sundazed)

as Killer Joe
 Scene of the Crime (1991, Hightone)

as <mask>ia & Thieves
 Smoke & Mirrors (2011, Amusing Muse)

Filmography

References

External links

American male composers
21st-century American composers
Musicians from Brooklyn
Living people
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
1948 births
21st-century American male musicians

masks:
Joseph Delia
Delia
Delia
Delia
Delia
Delia
Delia
Joe Delia
Delia
Joe Del


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<mask> (born June 3, 1967) is an American broadcast journalist and political commentator. He is the primary anchor of the CNN news broadcast show Anderson Cooper 360°. In addition to his duties at CNN, <mask> serves as a correspondent for 60 Minutes on CBS News. Born into the Vanderbilt family in Manhattan, <mask> graduated from Yale University with a Bachelor of Arts in 1989. As a young journalist, he began traveling the world, shooting footage of war-torn regions for Channel One News. <mask> was hired by ABC News as a correspondent in 1995, but he soon took more jobs throughout the network, working for a short time as a co-anchor, reality game show host, and fill-in morning talk show host. In 2001, <mask> joined CNN, where he was given his own show, Anderson Cooper 360°, in 2003; he has remained the show's host since.He developed a reputation for his on-the-ground reporting of breaking news events, with his coverage of Hurricane Katrina causing his popularity to sharply increase. For his coverage of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, <mask> received a National Order of Honour and Merit, the highest honor granted by the Haitian government. From September 2011 to May 2013, he also served as the host of his own syndicated daytime talk show, Anderson Live. <mask> has won 18 Emmy Awards and two Peabody Awards, as well as an Edward Murrow Award from the Overseas Press Club in 2011.

<mask> came out as gay in 2012, becoming "the most prominent openly gay journalist on American television" at the time, according to The New York Times. In 2016, <mask> became the first openly LGBT person to moderate a presidential debate, and he has received several awards from the LGBT rights organization GLAAD. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Manhattan, New York City, the younger son of author, screenwriter, and actor Wyatt Emory <mask> and artist, fashion designer, writer, and heiress Gloria Vanderbilt. His maternal grandparents were millionaire equestrian Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt of the Vanderbilt family and socialite Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt, and Reginald's patrilineal great-grandfather was business magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, who founded the prominent Vanderbilt shipping and railroad fortune.He is also a descendant, through his mother, of Civil War brevet Major General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick, who was with General William Tecumseh Sherman on his march through Georgia. Through his maternal line, he is a second cousin, once removed, of screenwriter James Vanderbilt. <mask>'s media experience began early. As a baby, he was photographed by Diane Arbus for Harper's Bazaar. At the age of three, <mask> was a guest on The Tonight Show on September 17, 1970, appearing with his mother. At the age of nine, he appeared on To Tell the Truth as an impostor. From age 10 to 13, <mask> modeled with Ford Models for Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein and Macy's.Wyatt suffered a series of heart attacks while undergoing open-heart surgery, and died January 5, 1978, at the age of 50. <mask> considers his father's book Families to be "sort of a guide on... how he would have wanted me to live my life and the choices he would have wanted me to make. And so I feel very connected to him." When <mask> was 21, his older brother, Carter Vanderbilt <mask>, committed suicide on July 22, 1988, at age 23, by jumping from the 14th-floor terrace of Vanderbilt's New York City penthouse apartment. Gloria Vanderbilt later wrote about her son's death in the book A Mother's Story, in which she expressed her belief that the suicide was caused by a psychotic episode induced by an allergy to the anti-asthma prescription drug salbutamol. <mask> cites Carter's suicide for sparking his interest in journalism:

<mask> attended the Dalton School, a private co-educational university preparatory day school in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan. At age 17, after graduating from Dalton a semester early, <mask> traveled around Africa for several months on a "survival trip". He contracted malaria on the trip and was hospitalized in Kenya.Describing the experience, <mask> wrote "Africa was a place to forget and be forgotten in." <mask> attended Yale University, where he resided in Trumbull College. He was inducted into the Manuscript Society, majoring in political science and graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1989. Career

Early career
During college, <mask> spent two summers as an intern at the Central Intelligence Agency while studying political science. He pursued journalism with no formal journalistic education. He is a self-proclaimed "news junkie since [he] was in utero". After his first correspondence work in the early 1990s, he took a break from reporting and lived in Vietnam for a year, during which time he studied the Vietnamese language at Vietnam National University, Hanoi.Channel One
After <mask> graduated from Yale, he tried to gain entry-level employment with ABC answering telephones, but was unsuccessful. Finding it hard to get his foot in the door of on-air reporting, <mask> decided to enlist the help of a friend in making a fake press pass. At the time, <mask> was working as a fact checker for the small news agency Channel One, which produces a youth-oriented news program that is broadcast to many junior high and high schools in the United States. <mask> then entered Myanmar on his own with his forged press pass and met with students fighting the Burmese government. He was ultimately able to sell his home-made news segments to Channel One. After reporting from Myanmar, <mask> lived in Vietnam for a year to study the Vietnamese language at the University of Hanoi. Persuading Channel One to allow him to bring a Hi8 camera with him, <mask> soon began filming and assembling reports of Vietnamese life and culture that aired on Channel One.In 1992, he returned to filming stories from a variety of war-torn regions around the globe, including Somalia, Bosnia, and Rwanda. After having been on such assignments for a couple of years, <mask> realized in 1994 that he had slowly become desensitized to the violence he was witnessing around him; the horrors of the Rwandan genocide became trivial: "I would see a dozen bodies and think, you know, it's a dozen, it's not so bad." One particular incident, however, snapped him out of it:

ABC
In 1995, <mask> became a correspondent for ABC News, eventually rising to the position of co-anchor on its overnight World News Now program on September 21, 1999. In 2000, he switched career paths, taking a job as the host of ABC's reality show The Mole:

<mask> was also a fill-in co-host for Regis Philbin for the TV talk show Live with Regis and Kelly in 2007 when Philbin underwent triple-bypass heart surgery. As of 2019, he still periodically serves as guest co-host on Live when one of the two hosts cannot go in to work. CNN

<mask> left The Mole after its second season to return to broadcast news. In 2001, he joined CNN, commenting, "Two seasons was enough, and 9/11 happened, and I thought I needed to be getting back to news."His first position at CNN was to anchor alongside Paula Zahn on American Morning. In 2002, he became CNN's weekend prime-time anchor. Since 2002, he has hosted CNN's New Year's Eve special from Times Square. Anderson Cooper 360°
On September 8, 2003, <mask> became the anchor of Anderson Cooper 360° on CNN. Describing his philosophy as an anchor, he has said:

In 2005, <mask> covered a number of important stories, including the tsunami damage in Sri Lanka; the Cedar Revolution in Beirut, Lebanon; the death of Pope John Paul II; and the royal wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles. In August 2005, he covered the Niger famine from Maradi. In 2005, during CNN coverage of the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, he confronted Sen. Mary Landrieu, Sen. Trent Lott, and the Reverend Jesse Jackson about their perception of the government response.As <mask> said later in an interview with New York magazine, "Yeah, I would prefer not to be emotional and I would prefer not to get upset, but it's hard not to when you're surrounded by brave people who are suffering and in need." A contributor to Broadcasting & Cable magazine wrote: "In its aftermath, Hurricane Katrina served to usher in a new breed of emo-journalism, skyrocketing CNN's <mask> to superstardom as CNN's golden boy and a darling of the media circles because of his impassioned coverage of the storm." In September 2005, the format of CNN's NewsNight was changed from 60 to 120 minutes to cover the unusually violent hurricane season. To help distribute some of the increased workload, <mask> was temporarily added as co-anchor to Aaron Brown. This arrangement was reported to have been made permanent the same month by the president of CNN's U.S. operations, Jonathan Klein, who has called <mask> "the anchorperson of the future". Following the addition of <mask>, the ratings for NewsNight increased significantly; Klein remarked that "[<mask>'s] name has been on the tip of everyone's tongue." To further capitalize on this, Klein announced a major programming shakeup on November 2, 2005. <mask>'s 360° program would be expanded to two hours and shifted into the 10:00pm ET slot formerly held by NewsNight, with the third hour of Wolf Blitzer's The Situation Room filling in <mask>'s former 7:00pm ET slot.With "no options" left for him to host shows, Aaron Brown left CNN, ostensibly having "mutually agreed" with Jonathan Klein on the matter. In early 2007, <mask> signed a multi-year deal with CNN that would allow him to continue as a contributor to 60 Minutes, as well as doubling his salary from $2 million annually to a reported $4 million. CNN Heroes: An All-Star Tribute
In 2007, he began hosting CNN Heroes: An All-Star Tribute, a show which honors and recognizes extraordinary deeds by ordinary people. Planet in Peril documentary
In October 2007, <mask> began hosting the documentary Planet in Peril with Sanjay Gupta and Jeff Corwin on CNN. In 2008, <mask>, Gupta, and Lisa Ling from National Geographic Explorer teamed up for a sequel, Planet in Peril: Battle Lines, which premiered in December 2008. Syndicated talk show: Anderson Live
In September 2010, Warner Bros. and Telepictures (both corporate siblings of CNN) announced that <mask> had signed an agreement to host a nationally syndicated talk show. The journalist Brian Stelter (at the time employed by The New York Times, and now by CNN), reported on Twitter that the new Warner Bros. daytime talk show would be named <mask> (now titled Anderson Live).The show premiered on September 12, 2011, and as part of negotiations over the talk show deal, <mask> signed a new multi-year contract with CNN to continue as the host of <mask> 360°. On October 29, 2012, it was announced that Anderson Live would end at the conclusion of its second season. The show, slightly renamed after season one and revamped with a variety of co-hosts, failed to achieve the ratings distributor Warner Brothers hoped for. The final Anderson Live aired on May 30, 2013. 2016 presidential debates
Along with Martha Raddatz, <mask> moderated the second presidential election debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. This made him the first openly LGBT person to moderate a presidential debate in the general election. New Years Eve
In 2017, Andy Cohen joined <mask> in succeeding Kathy Griffin as co-host of CNN's New Year's Eve coverage.They again co-hosted CNN's New Year's Eve for 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. 60 Minutes

<mask> has been a correspondent for the CBS News program 60 Minutes since 2007, while concurrently serving as a CNN anchor and correspondent. Other Work

AC2
Andy Cohen and <mask> announced that they would be going on a national tour to perform their conversational stage show AC2 beginning in March 2015. The tour opened in Boston, followed by Miami Beach, Chicago and Atlanta. The idea for the show came about after <mask> interviewed Cohen about his then-latest book, The Andy Cohen Diaries, at an event at the 92nd Street Y in New York City. Since then, the two-man show has continued to tour, reaching more than fifty cities as of October 2018. Broadway
<mask> was the narrator for the 2011 Broadway revival of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, directed by Rob Ashford and starring Daniel Radcliffe.Writings
A freelance writer, <mask> has authored a variety of articles that have appeared in many other outlets, including Details magazine. In May 2006, <mask> published a memoir for HarperCollins, Dispatches from the Edge, detailing his life and work in Sri Lanka, Africa, Iraq and Louisiana over the previous year. Some of the book's proceeds are donated to charity. The book topped The New York Times Best Seller list on June 18, 2006. In 2017, <mask> and his mother, Gloria Vanderbilt, co-authored The Rainbow Comes and Goes: A Mother and Son on Life, Love, and Loss. Compiled from a series of emails, the memoir recounts their shared past, and Vanderbilt's tumultuous childhood. <mask> said his goal in writing the book and correspondence was to leave "nothing left unsaid" between the pair.It landed on multiple best-seller lists the year of its publication. Jeopardy! From April 19–30, 2021 <mask> served as a guest host on Jeopardy! following the death of Alex Trebek. Personal life

<mask> has two older half-brothers, Leopold Stanislaus "Stan" Stokowski (b. 1950), and Christopher Stokowski (b. 1952), from Gloria Vanderbilt's ten-year marriage to conductor Leopold Stokowski.In 2014, <mask> appeared in Henry Louis Gates' Finding Your Roots, where he learned of an ancestor, Burwell Boykin, who was a slave owner from the southern United States. As of 2016, <mask> was not registered to any political party. While promoting his book, <mask> told Oprah Winfrey he had dyslexia as a child. In August 2007, he confirmed his "mild dyslexia" on The Tonight Show to Jay Leno, who also has dyslexia. <mask> is openly gay; according to The New York Times, he is "the most prominent openly gay journalist on American television". For years, <mask> avoided discussing his private life in interviews. On July 2, 2012, however, he gave Andrew Sullivan permission to publish an email that stated, in part:

Apple CEO Tim Cook turned to <mask> for advice before he subsequently made the decision to publicly come out as gay.In 2014, <mask> and his partner purchased Rye House, a historic estate in Connecticut. In March 2018, <mask> confirmed that he and his long-time boyfriend Benjamin Maisani had split up. <mask> has acknowledged that he has a "really strange relationship with food", describing himself as a "picky eater". He will often eat the same foods—such as scrambled egg whites or veggie burgers—for months at a time, sometimes for all three meals. <mask> was friends with Anthony Bourdain, celebrity chef and host of the CNN series Parts Unknown. After Bourdain died by suicide on June 8, 2018, <mask> paid tribute to him in a CNN special program, Remembering Anthony Bourdain. <mask> also paid tribute to Bourdain on the Thanksgiving 2020 episode of <mask> Cooper Full Circle, saying that he "was proud to call Anthony Bourdain a friend", and adding: "He is so, so missed by so many."In 2021, <mask> and co-author Katherine Howe published Vanderbilt: The Rise and Fall of an American Dynasty, a history of the Vanderbilt family going back to his Vanderbilt ancestors who came to New Amsterdam in the 16th Century. Children
On April 30, 2020, <mask> announced the birth of his son Wyatt Morgan <mask> by a surrogate on April 27. Though <mask> and Benjamin Maisani were no longer romantically involved at the time, the pair co-parent the boy. Wyatt is named after <mask>'s late father, <mask>, and his middle name is derived from the Vanderbilt side of his family, being the maiden name of his maternal grandmother Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt. On February 10, 2022, <mask> announced at the beginning of his show on CNN that he had just become a father for a second time, to a son named Sebastian Luke Maisani-<mask>. Maisani will also adopt <mask>'s son Wyatt. Awards

<mask> helped lead CNN's Peabody Award-winning coverage of Hurricane Katrina, and the network's Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award-winning coverage of the 2004 tsunami.He has won 18 Emmy Awards, including two for his coverage of the earthquake in Haiti, and an Edward R. Murrow Award. Other awards
 Silver Plaque from the Chicago International Film Festival for his report from Sarajevo on the Bosnian War
 Bronze Award from the National Education Film and Video Festival for a report on political Islam

Career timeline
 1999–2000: World News Now co-anchor
 2001–2002: The Mole host
 2002–present: New Year's Eve Live co-anchor on CNN and CNN International
 2003–present: <mask> 360° anchor
 2005: NewsNight co-anchor
 2007–present: 60 Minutes correspondent
 2011–2013: <mask>ie (2015)
 The 33 (2015)
 Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)

Books
 Dispatches from the Edge: A Memoir of War, Disasters, and Survival (Harper Perennial, 2006). . The Rainbow Comes and Goes (Harper Perennial, 2016). .
 Vanderbilt: The Rise and Fall of an American Dynasty. Hardcover – September 21, 2021

See also
 LGBT culture in New York City
 List of LGBT people from New York City
 New Yorkers in journalism

References

External links

 <mask> Cooper 360° Blog
 CNN: Anchors & Reporters: <mask> (profile)

 <mask> Cooper: The Silver Fox

1967 births
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American male writers
60 Minutes correspondents
ABC News personalities
American bloggers
American child models
American expatriates in Vietnam
American game show hosts
American male bloggers
American male film actors
American male journalists
American male models
American memoirists
American television news anchors
American television reporters and correspondents
American television talk show hosts
American war correspondents
CNN people
Dalton School alumni
Gay models
American gay writers
Journalists from New York City
LGBT broadcasters from the United States
LGBT journalists from the United States
LGBT memoirists
LGBT people from New York (state)
Living people
Male models from New York (state)
Models from New York City
News & Documentary Emmy Award winners
Participants in American reality television series
Television personalities from New York City
Anderson Cooper
Writers from Manhattan
Yale University alumni

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<mask> (born November 2, 1927) is a retired career Foreign Service Officer, ambassador and author. Early life
<mask>ra was born in Troy, New York, November 2, 1927 to John F<mask>, Sr. and Ellin F. Fennelly. Always fascinated by things nautical, he found a summer job in 1944 as a deckhand working on the last coal-burning tugboat on the Hudson River and Erie Canal (New York State Barge Canal). Later the same year, an underaged McNamara convinced a Navy recruiter to sign him up, and he spent the latter part of World War II in the submarine service, being discharged in 1946. After the war, he entered Russell Sage College in Troy, New York. His education was again interrupted when he volunteered to return to active duty with the Navy during the Korean War, from 1950 to 1951. Returning to college after Korea, Mr. McNamara graduated from Russell Sage College in January 1953 with a B.A.During this period, his summer breaks were spent at sea working as a merchant seaman. During the 1953-1954 academic year, he was engaged in graduate studies at McGill University in Canada. He continued these studies at Syracuse University from 1954 to 1956, while working for the State Bank of Albany, Albany, New York, and later as a management intern with the United States Army Ordnance Corps at the Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet, New York. Foreign Service career
McNamara was commissioned in the United States Foreign Service in 1956. He would become an Africanist, eventually serving at seven African posts beginning in 1957 with his assignment to the U.S. Consulate General at Salisbury, Rhodesia. He was then assigned as an analyst in the African Division of the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. This assignment was followed, from 1961 to 1963, with a posting to the Congo's embattled breakaway province of Katanga.Returning to Africa in 1964, he served in Tanzania, and later as acting Deputy Chief of Mission at the American Embassy in Lusaka, Zambia. He then attended the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia. Volunteering for service in wartime Vietnam, he was sent in late 1967 to serve as a provincial adviser with the CORDS program, first in Vĩnh Long Province in the Mekong Delta and later in Quảng Trị Province in Central Vietnam. Continuing service in Vietnam, he was reassigned as the first principal officer in Danang, opening a new US Consulate there in 1969. He served concurrently as the political advisor to the commanding generals of III Marine Amphibious Force and the US Army's XXIV Corps. Leaving Vietnam in August 1971, he spent the 1971–72 academic year at the US Naval War College. While at the Naval War College, he earned a master's degree from George Washington University.McNamara returned to Africa in 1972 as Deputy Chief of Mission, and later Chargé d'affaires at the American Embassy in Cotonou, Dahomey. Shortly after his arrival he witnessed a coup d'état. Suddenly ordered to return to Vietnam in July 1974 to occupy the post of Consul General in Cần Thơ, he was charged with all responsibilities for residual American programs and activities in the Mekong Delta region, both military and civilian. Concurrently, he was the American counterpart of the commanding general of South Vietnam's Army IV Corps. As the Saigon government collapsed in 1975, McNamara conceived, organized, and led an evacuation down the Mekong River at the helm of a small landing craft (LCM) carrying 300 Vietnamese consulate employees, members of their families, 18 Americans, and five Filipinos. Picked up at sea by a passing freighter, he became one of Vietnam's first "boat people". Following the American evacuation of Vietnam, he was appointed Associate Director of the Task Force for Resettlement of Indochinese Refugees in the United States.McNamara then went to Quebec City as consul general during the separatist Parti Québécois' first challenge to Canadian unity. This assignment was followed with an academic year (1979-1980) in the Foreign Service Institute's Executive Seminar in National and International Affairs (formerly the Senior Seminar). In 1980 he was named Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. During this tour, he organized the State Department's bicentennial celebrations. In December 1981, McNamara was appointed United States Ambassador to Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipé. Following his ambassadorship in Gabon, McNamara spent a year as a foreign affairs fellow at the Hoover Institution in Stanford University. His year in academia was followed by a posting in 1985 as Deputy Chief of Mission in Beirut at the peak of the Lebanese Civil War.During his two-year tour in Beirut, he also often served as chargé d'affaires. Upon his return from Lebanon, he was granted a two-year sabbatical, which was spent as senior research fellow at the National Defense University finishing a scholarly work begun at the Hoover Institution entitled France in Black Africa. McNamara's twilight tour as a Foreign Service Officer came in 1989 with his appointment as US Ambassador to Cape Verde. While he was there, the country held its first free election, which resulted in the defeat of a moderately Marxist government. He retired in 1993 after 41 years of service. Later work
After his retirement from the Foreign Service, McNamara continued to work part-time at the State Department for more than 25 years as the chairman of a panel adjudicating Freedom of Information Act appeals to previous departmental decisions. He also supervised elections in the Balkans, Africa and Falls Church, Virginia.As a veteran of six wars, a coup d'état and three evacuations, he consulted with the US Army's Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) and the Marines' Mission Command Training Program (MCTP) working as a subject matter expert and mentor helping to train Army and Marine commanders and their staffs for service in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Balkans, Africa, South Korea and Japan. He also worked with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology as an advisor on asymmetric warfare. In 2003, McNamara went with a joint task force to Liberia as Political Advisor to the commanding general. JTF Liberia deployed in support of a West African force in its successful effort to end civil war in chronically troubled Liberia. Awards
In recognition of his service, the State Department awarded the Ambassador four Superior Honor Awards and three Meritorious Honor Awards for acts or qualities ranging from bravery to "unusual political acuity". For his World War II and Korean War service in the US Navy, he was awarded various campaign medals. Russell Sage College, his alma mater, granted him an honorary doctorate in 1988.Publications
McNamara's assignment to Cần Thơ, Vietnam was the basis of Escape with Honor: My Last Hours In Vietnam, written with former British diplomat Adrian Hill (Washington, D.C., Brassey's Memories of War Series, 1997). It is a vivid account of the final days of the U.S. Consulate at Can Tho, and the harrowing evacuation with his U.S. and Vietnamese employees and dependents by boat down the Bassac River on April 29–30, 1975 during the American evacuation of South Vietnam. His publications also include France in Black Africa (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1989), a standard work in English on France's unusually close relations with its former African colonies. Family
McNamara is married to the former Cong Tang Ton Nu Nhu De, and has seven children. He lives in Arlington, Virginia. References

External links

<mask> <mask>. France in Black Africa.Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1989. Online by the Defense Technical Information Center. Charles Stuart Kennedy and <mask> McNamara. Interview with Ambassador <mask> McNamara. Arlington, VA: Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, 1993. Online by the Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, Arlington, VA, www.adst.org. Office of the Historian of the US State Department web page on <mask> McNamara
The Journey Downriver, clip from Last Days in Vietnam, the American Experience collection: Vietnam War.PBS. Ronald Reagan: "Nomination of <mask> McNamara To Be United States Ambassador to Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe," October 30, 1981. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. George Bush: "Nomination of <mask> McNamara To Be United States Ambassador to Cape Verde," October 5, 1989. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. |-

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1927 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Cape Verde
Ambassadors of the United States to Gabon
Ambassadors of the United States to São Tomé and Príncipe
American people of the Vietnam War
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War
United States Navy personnel of World War II
American non-fiction writers
The Sage Colleges
United States Department of State officials
Writers from New York (state)
United States Foreign Service personnel
American expatriates in Canada
McGill University alumni
Syracuse University alumni
American expatriates in Rhodesia
American expatriates in Zambia
American expatriates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
American expatriates in Tanzania
American expatriates in Vietnam
American expatriates in Benin
George Washington University alumni
Russell Sage College alumni
American expatriates in Lebanon
Hoover Institution people
Naval War College alumni
20th-century American diplomats

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<mask> (born 4 September 1971) is an international cricket coach and former cricketer of South Africa. He was known for his aggressive batting and his fast-medium swing bowling. He is nicknamed "Zulu" because of his fluency in the Zulu language. Since his retirement he has occasionally commentated on cricket in both Zulu and Xhosa. In September 2019, <mask> was appointed as the head coach of the Afghanistan national cricket team. Career

Domestic career
<mask> played for KwaZulu-Natal (Nashua Dolphins) in the domestic level in South Africa between 1991 and 2004. In 2004, Northamptonshire County Cricket Club signed him on a contract running until late 2008.At Wantage Road he impressed with his fired-up seam bowling and his hard-hitting in the low middle-order. Due to family bereavements back home, it was announced that his contract with the county would not be renewed at the end of the 2008 season. In late 2007, he started playing in the Indian Cricket League Twenty20 tournament in India for the Kolkata Tigers team. International career
<mask> made his Test debut for South Africa against India in Calcutta during the second Test in 1996/97. At the time playing primarily as a bowler, <mask> took some fearful hammering in the first innings at the hands of Mohammad Azharuddin, who at one point hit him for five consecutive fours, but <mask> returned what would remain career best figures of eight for 64 in the second. <mask> is remembered for his contributions in One Day Internationals, in which he became feared as a hard hitting batsman and was voted as Man of the Tournament during the 1999 World Cup. He showed glimpses of his big-hitting in the years leading to the 1999 World Cup.His baseball-style backlift and thunderous hitting lit up the tournament and his heroics nearly took South Africa to the final. He was also voted as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 2000. His international career tapered off after this, mainly due to persistent ankle injuries, as well as a public dispute with the then South African captain Graeme Smith, who at a breakfast meeting shortly after his appointment to the captaincy described <mask> as a "disruptive force" to the younger players within the South African national cricket team, with the quote ending up in the South African press. Later <mask> and Smith patched up their differences. He had scored 1,906 runs in 49 matches with a highest score of 174 and 80 wickets with best of 8/64 in Test Matches. In ODI's he scored 3,576 runs in 171 matches at an average of 41.1 with a highest score of 103 and took 192 wickets with a best of 6/49. 1999 World Cup
In the 1999 Cricket World Cup, South Africa had progressed to the semi-finals, and <mask> till then had an excellent tournament, taking 17 wickets and scoring 250 runs (including two half centuries) in 8 matches and building a reputation as a hard-hitting batsman in tight situations.He won four Man of the Match awards out of the nine matches South Africa played in the tournament. The four awards were consecutive with respect to South Africa's wins (one match in between was won by Zimbabwe). The only other South African to win this award in this tournament was Jacques Kallis. The second semi-final was played between Australia and South Africa in Edgbaston, England. Australia, having been put in to bat, set a target of 214 for South Africa to chase in 50 overs. <mask> came in to bat when South Africa were 175/6 in 44.5 overs, and by virtue of his big-hitting (along with support from other batsmen), South Africa entered the final over at 205/9, needing nine runs to win with only one wicket remaining. The two batsmen at the crease were <mask> (on strike) and Allan Donald.<mask> scored consecutive fours in the first two balls of the over (bowled by Damien Fleming), levelling the scores and leaving South Africa with only 1 run to win in 4 balls with <mask> on strike. The third ball was a dot, and Donald narrowly escaped getting run out when he backed out too far and tried to get back to his crease. The fourth saw <mask> mis-hit his shot to mid-wicket fielder Mark Waugh. <mask> went for the run, although chances of a run-out were high and two balls were still remaining. However, Donald at the other end, keeping his eyes on the ball and hoping to avoid another mix-up like in the last delivery, did not see <mask> sprinting down the pitch and did not hear the call to run, and <mask> was almost at the bowler's end by the time Donald (who had also dropped his bat) began running. By then, Waugh had thrown the ball to Fleming, who rolled it to Adam Gilchrist who took the bails off at the other end, meaning Donald was run-out by some distance, thus ending the match with the scores level. However, a tie meant that Australia progressed to the final since they had beaten South Africa in the group stages of the tournament.As commentator Bill Lawry put it during the final ball:

 "...this will be out surely – oh it's out, it's gonna be run out...oh, that is South Africa out – Donald did not run, I cannot believe it. Australia go into the World Cup Final – ridiculous running with two balls to go. Donald did not go, <mask> came – what a disappointing end for South Africa." Australia went on to win the tournament; although <mask>'s heroics weren't in vain, as he was voted the Player of the Series. In 2014, <mask> stated in an interview that Donald was not to blame for what happened. <mask> stated that he became impatient and, although he made it to the bowler's end, there was genuinely no run. After the match, he was cross at himself and regretted making that run.Coaching career
<mask> severed all of his ties with the Indian Cricket League in late 2009 and then completed a Level-three coaching course provided by Cricket South Africa in Spring 2010. <mask> confirmed he was in negotiations with the Bangladesh Cricket Board about becoming the team bowling coach. However, in early September 2010 the Bangladesh Cricket Board confirmed that they were still awaiting a response from <mask>. <mask> had finally turned down the offer to take over as Bangladesh's bowling coach, replacing Sri Lanka's Champaka Ramanayake. <mask> was reportedly unable to convince his wife about a permanent move to Bangladesh. From 2012 until 2016, he was head coach of the Dolphins, whom he represented in domestic cricket during his playing career,

In 2016, he started as batting coach for the Zimbabwe national team. He also coached the Lyca Kovai Kings in India.In July 2019, <mask> was appointed as the head coach of the Glasgow Giants for the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament. In September 2019, <mask> was appointed as the head coach of the Afghanistan national cricket team. He stepped down from the post after the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. Overall, under <mask>'s tenure, Afghanistan won one out of three Test matches, three out of six ODIs and nine out of fourteen T20 internationals. In January 2022, <mask> was appointed as the head coach of the Khulna Tigers for the Bangladesh Premier League

Personal life
<mask> enjoys fishing. He is also an avid hunter. <mask> married Isabelle Potgieter on May 13, 2000, at age 28 in Durban.They have two sons. See also
 List of South Africa cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
Dolphins cricketers
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Northamptonshire cricketers
Nottinghamshire cricketers
South African cricketers
South Africa One Day International cricketers
South Africa Test cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
ICL World XI cricketers
Royal Bengal Tigers cricketers
Afrikaner people
Cricketers from Durban
Cricketers who have taken five wickets on Test debut
South African cricket coaches
Man of the Tournament in ODI Worldcup
Durban University of Technology alumni

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<mask> (October 15, 1947November 24, 2017) was an American artist best known for his use of the medium of lightpainting. A native of Worcester, Massachusetts, he gained an international reputation for large-scale works of art held in museums, public, corporate, and private collections, which are executed in media as diverse as light, kiln-formed glass, metal, stone, mosaic, and ceramic. Knapp wrote and lectured on architectural art glass, the collaborative process, and the integration of art and architecture. His work has appeared in many publications including Art and Antiques, Architectural Record, ARTnews, Ceramics Monthly, The Chicago Sun Times, Honoho Geijutsu, Identity, Interior Design, Interiors, The New York Times, Nikkei Architecture, Progressive Architecture, Sculpture (magazine), and 90+10. Life and work
<mask> graduated from Worcester Academy in 1965 and received his B.A. from Hamilton College in 1969. For nearly a decade after graduating from college, he worked as a fine art photographer, selling his work to corporate and private collectors in the United States and abroad.During this early stage in his career, <mask> worked closely with Polaroid Corporation on their 20x24 camera, creating large scale instant photographs. Soon enough, though, photography seemed insufficient. <mask> began to look more closely at permanent materials. Various types of ceramic, mosaic, metal, stone, and glass filled his studio as he developed the innovations for which he is known today—combining mediums and processing techniques and working craftsmen, fabricators, and manufacturers from around the world on an increasingly grand scale. Research took <mask> to Japan in 1985, where he created some of the world's largest glass-glaze ceramic murals. He had come upon a factory in Japan that made huge photo-ceramic murals, a technique used by Robert Rauschenberg in the early 1980s. Though the photo decal technique seemed tailor-made for him, he became fascinated with a thick glass glaze—a crackle glaze—that had been developed for architecture.Changing surfaces to reflect the light was to become a major influence on later work. The following year he used photo-transfer techniques to define the images to be etched and anodized in aluminum, creating one of the world's largest etched-metal murals—a 14-foot × 72-foot piece for the Hamilton County Justice Complex in Cincinnati. A pattern was now forming—<mask> used the research for one project to enhance the next. When it came time to create two large etched stainless-steel murals for McDonnell Douglas’s Douglas Center in California, he developed a new technique of mixing paints to change the look of the surface depending on the angle of light. The kinetic force of these murals lent a palpable energy to the work. A closer look at the murals reveals his interest in creating illusions of space, which he would later explore in his lightpaintings. During the 1990s, his increasing fascination with light led Knapp to kiln-formed glass—the heating of glass to take on the shape of a form below, resulting over the decade in large installations across the United States.An acknowledged expert in his field, he frequently wrote and lectured on architectural art glass, the collaborative process, and the integration of art and architecture. In 1998 he authored The Art of Glass for Rockport Publishers. Also during the 1990s he started spending more time on personal work, creating sculpture as well as furniture from kiln formed glass and steel and hanging pieces of dichroic glass and stainless steel. In 2002, after nearly a decade of development, Knapp introduced his lightpaintings. No longer hanging glass and steel structures, in these new works the glass was attached to walls with a single light fixture illuminating the entire piece. The light that passed through the various pieces of glass was no longer an effect in space, as it was in the sculptural lightpaintings, but was now simultaneously collected and dispersed on the wall. In a series of solo shows in 2004 and 2005 Knapp experimented with new coatings and laminating techniques that took him beyond dichroics and increased the range of his palette and gave him greater control in painting with light.In 2005, he received his first museum commission from the Flint Institute of Arts, Flint, Michigan. Temporal Meditations, a 9-foot × 30-foot installation, became the first lightpainting in a museum collection. In 2006, <mask>'s first major exterior lightpainting, Luminous Affirmations, a permanent 60-foot × 100-foot exterior installation, was installed on the north face of Tampa, Florida’s City Hall as part of their "Lights on Tampa” program. Large-scale commissions followed throughout 2006, including his Seven Muses, a 35-foot × 95-foot commission for The Charles W. Eisemann Center, in Richardson, Texas, and First Symphony, for the Sursa Performance Hall at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. In early 2007, "Stephen Knapp: Lightpaintings" opened at the Alden B. Dow Museum in Midland, Michigan, before traveling to the Butler Institute of American Art, in Youngstown, Ohio, followed in 2008 by the Dennos Museum Center, in Traverse City, Michigan, and the South Dakota Museum of Art, and in 2009, by the Dahl Arts Center in Rapid City, South Dakota. The exhibit firmly placed lightpaintings at the intersection between painting and sculpture. 2009 saw a commissioned installations and a solo lightpainting exhibit at the Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, Virginia,

Throughout Knapp's career there have been constants: a continuous research into materials; a commitment to the techniques and processes involved in enlarging his design; an exploration of the historical, cultural and technical precedents that formed the bases for both his personal and commissioned pieces; and, above all, light.References

External links
 <mask> website
 Lightpaintings website
 Exhibits Development Group website

1947 births
2017 deaths
Artists from Worcester, Massachusetts
Fine art photographers

masks:
Stephen Knapp
Stephen Knapp
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Stephen Knapp