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<mask> (May 7, 1965 – May 23, 1999) was a Canadian professional wrestler who worked for several promotions including Stampede Wrestling, New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He received most of his success in the WWF, where he wrestled under both his own name and the ring name The Blue Blazer. A member of the <mask> wrestling family, he was born in Calgary, Alberta, the youngest of twelve children of Stampede Wrestling promoters Stu and <mask>. Among other accolades, <mask> was a one-time USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champion, a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion, a one-time WWF European Champion, and a four-time WWF World Tag Team Champion, as well as the 1994 WWF King of the Ring. He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF, and was widely regarded as one of the company's best in-ring performers. <mask> died on May 23, 1999, due to injuries following an equipment malfunction and fall from the rafters of Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, during his ring entrance at the WWF's Over the Edge pay-per-view event. Early life
<mask> was born on May 7, 1965, in Calgary, Alberta into the Hart wrestling family and was the youngest child of Stu and <mask>.He grew up in a household with eleven older siblings: Smith, Bruce, Keith, Wayne, Dean, Ellie, Georgia, Bret, Alison, Ross and Diana. He was of Greek descent through his maternal grandmother and Irish through his maternal grandfather. His father was mainly of Scots-Irish descent, but also had Scottish and German ancestry. Because his mother, Helen, was born in New York, <mask> was a dual citizen of Canada and the United States. Professional wrestling career

Training, Stampede and Japan (1983–1988)
<mask> first gained wrestling experience in the amateur wrestling division at high school, through which he met his wife, Martha. Wrestling was not <mask>'s first choice for a career; as Martha explained in her book Broken Harts, <mask> tried numerous times to find a profitable living outside of wrestling. <mask> is quoted as saying, in the WWE Home Video "Owen Hart of Gold" that "during his time in the University, he wrestled incognito (under a mask) as the original British Bulldog.Then, after he graduated from the University, he wrestled as "Bronco" <mask> at Royal Albert Hall in London, England. As those attempts were unsuccessful, <mask> was trained in his father's Hart Dungeon and worked for his father's federation, Stampede Wrestling and in England for Max Crabtree's Joint Promotions in matches that got broadcast on ITV's World of Sport. He remained with Stampede for the next couple of years while honing his skills. During 1986, <mask> teamed with Ben Bassarab and won the Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship. The success of the team and <mask>'s in-ring skills earned him Pro Wrestling Illustrateds Rookie of the Year Award in 1987. After he and Bassarab lost the tag team title, he feuded with Johnny Smith and Dynamite Kid. In 1987, <mask> branched out to Japan where he wrestled for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) on several tours.In NJPW, he wrestled Keiichi Yamada, both before and after he debuted the Jushin Liger gimmick. On May 27, 1988, <mask> defeated Hiroshi Hase for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship, becoming the first non-Japanese wrestler to win the title. His reign would end nearly a month later, as he lost the title to Shiro Koshinaka on June 24, 1988. World Wrestling Federation (1988–1989)
<mask>'s success in Japan and Stampede's working relationship with the World Wrestling Federation led to <mask> signing with the company in the summer of 1988. Instead of promoting <mask> as Bret <mask>'s younger brother, the WWF decided to create a masked "superhero" type gimmick for him which played to his high-flying style. He broke into the WWF as The Blue Blazer (initially The Blue Angel), with his early appearances seeing him defeat the likes of Terry Gibbs, Steve Lombardi and Barry Horowitz. The Blue Blazer made his pay-per-view debut at Survivor Series '88, teaming with The Ultimate Warrior, Brutus Beefcake, Jim Brunzell and Sam Houston against The Honky Tonk Man, Greg Valentine, Outlaw Ron Bass, Bad News Brown and Dangerous Danny Davis.The Blazer was eliminated by Valentine, but his team went on to win the match. He continued to wrestle in the midcard, defeating enhancement talent but often falling short against other name talent; he lost to Ted DiBiase on the March 11, 1989 Saturday Night's Main Event XX and was defeated by Mr. Perfect at WrestleMania V.

Return to Stampede, Japan and Mexico (1989–1991)
Shortly after WrestleMania, <mask> left the WWF to tour the world both with and without the Blue Blazer gimmick. He also returned to Stampede, until it shut down in December 1989. In 1991, <mask> lost the Blue Blazer mask in a mascara contra mascara match against Mexican wrestler El Canek, and would not utilize the gimmick again until 1998. He also returned to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). In 1990 he went to Germany and worked Catch Wrestling Association.World Championship Wrestling (1991)
<mask> debuted in World Championship Wrestling's self-titled TV show on March 16, 1991, the first of five TV matches he competed in, all of which were against preliminary talent such as Mark Kyle. One of the bouts saw him team with Ricky Morton. Return to WWF (1991–1999)

The New Foundation and High Energy (1991–1993)

<mask> had been engaged in contract discussions with WCW but the deal was never struck, as <mask> was not willing to move himself and his family to the company's headquarters in Atlanta. Instead, he signed with the WWF for a second time. In the WWF the popular Hart Foundation, composed of his brother Bret and real-life brother-in-law Jim Neidhart, had split up; Bret set out on a singles career while Neidhart was used sparingly. When Neidhart returned from a storyline injury, he joined <mask> to form a team known as The New Foundation. <mask> and Neidhart first feuded with the Beverly Brothers.They then had their only pay-per-view match at the Royal Rumble in January 1992 where they beat The Orient Express. Neidhart left the WWF shortly afterward, and <mask> set out on a very short run as a singles wrestler, including a victorious match at WrestleMania VIII when he faced off against Skinner. Shortly after WrestleMania, <mask> was teamed up with Koko B. Ware to form the duo known as High Energy. They had only one pay-per-view match as a team, at the Survivor Series where they lost to The Headshrinkers. The team was quietly dropped at the start of 1993 with <mask> starting a singles career. <mask> suffered a knee injury on March 9, 1993, in a match taped for Superstars, against Bam Bam Bigelow, which kept him sidelined for nearly two months. Feud with Bret and King of Harts (1993–1995)

In the middle of 1993, when Bret <mask>'s feud with Jerry Lawler ignited, <mask> stood by his brother's side and fought against Lawler in the United States Wrestling Association where most of the WWF talent were considered the heels.<mask> won the USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship from Papa Shango. <mask>'s participation in the WWF vs. USWA feud was cut short when he suffered a knee injury in the summer of 1993 and was forced to take some time away from the ring. <mask> returned to the WWF ring in the fall of 1993, at a time when Bret's feud with Lawler was temporarily sidetracked. Bret, along with <mask> and their brothers Bruce and Keith, were scheduled to face Lawler and his team at Survivor Series. However, Lawler was unable to make it to the show, and as a result could not appear on WWF television. Lawler was replaced with Shawn Michaels. During the match <mask> and Bret inadvertently crashed into each other, causing <mask> to be eliminated from the team.<mask> showed up after the match and had a heated confrontation with Bret, while Keith, Bruce and Stu tried to calm things down. This confrontation resulted in <mask> leaving the ring to boos while his brothers and father watched in dismay and mother Helen cried at ringside. The following night <mask> adopted the pink and black tights, sunglasses and Sharpshooter finisher to send a message to his brother. <mask>, angry with being in Bret's shadow, challenged his brother which Bret declined. Instead the brothers seemed to reunite by the holidays. Bret tried to make amends with <mask>, teaming with him on a regular basis. Bret even secured the two a shot at the WWF Tag Team Championship.They faced the Quebecers for the title at the Royal Rumble in January 1994. Initially everything was fine between the brothers, but when Bret hurt his knee (kayfabe) and was unable to tag <mask> in for a long period of time, the younger <mask> got frustrated. When the referee stopped the match due to Bret's damaged knee, <mask> snapped; he kicked his brother in the knee and then walked off, berating Bret on the Titantron shortly after as Bret was being helped backstage. This started his run as a heel. After the act, an infuriated <mask> accused his brother of being selfish and holding him down. <mask> admitted that it felt good to take out his brother. The two brothers faced off for the first time at WrestleMania X, where <mask> cleanly pinned his older brother.Later in the evening, Bret won the WWF Championship while <mask> stood by and watched in jealousy as Bret celebrated in the ring. <mask> won the 1994 King of the Ring tournament turning back Razor Ramon in the finals with an elbow drop to the back and with an assist from Jim Neidhart. After the victory, <mask> dropped "The Rocket" nickname and took the nickname "The King of Harts." <mask> and Bret feuded throughout the summer of 1994, clashing many times both in singles and later in tag team matches (with Bret joined by the returning British Bulldog). Two prominent matches took place in this feud: first, their steel cage match in the co-main event of SummerSlam for Bret's WWF Championship, which Bret won. This match later received a five-star rating from Dave Meltzer. The second was a lumberjack match on August 17 that <mask> initially won and was announced as WWF Champion; Bret won the match after it was ordered to continue due to interference.At the Survivor Series, <mask> struck the most damaging blow against his brother as he conned his own mother Helen to throw in the towel for Bret. The ploy cost Bret the WWF Championship to Bob Backlund. <mask> also prevented Bret from regaining the WWF Championship at the Royal Rumble in 1995 when he interfered in the match between Bret and new champion Diesel. In the weeks after the Royal Rumble, Bret and <mask> clashed again with Bret soundly defeating his brother, thus putting an end to their feud for the time being. <mask> rebounded from the loss to Bret by winning the WWF Tag Team Championship from The Smoking Gunns at WrestleMania XI. <mask>, who was joined by a "Mystery Partner", had challenged the Gunns to a title match; the partner turned out to be former world champion Yokozuna. After the victory <mask> took Jim Cornette and Mr. Fuji as his managers, who already managed Yokozuna.The team defended the title for five months until they lost them to Shawn Michaels and Diesel at In Your House 3. They would briefly hold the title a second time when the belts were handed back to them before the Smoking Gunns regained the title. <mask> and Yokozuna would continue to team off and on until the end of the year. Teaming with The British Bulldog and The Hart Foundation reunion (1996–1997)

In 1995, <mask>'s brother-in-law Davey Boy Smith turned heel and joined the Camp Cornette stable. During the summer of 1996 the two brothers in law started to team up more and more, sometimes alongside Vader who was also a member of Camp Cornette. <mask> also won a Slammy Award for injuring Shawn Michaels and began using the nickname "Slammy Award Winner" and the "King of Harts" nickname was rarely used, <mask> was also a color commentator for the 1996 King of the Ring (exhibiting clear partisan support for Vader and Smith) and during this time wore a cast on his right forearm for several months, feigning a nagging injury to subsequently use his cast as a weapon during his matches. In September 1996, Bulldog and <mask> earned a pay-per-view shot at the tag team titles at In Your House 10.<mask> and Bulldog left with the gold after defeating the Smoking Gunns. They also left with a new manager as Clarence Mason had conned Jim Cornette into signing over the contracts of the new champions. Signs of dissension, however, slowly started to show. One occasion where this was evident was at the Royal Rumble when <mask> accidentally eliminated Bulldog. After the Rumble, they had miscommunication in matches against Doug Furnas and Phil LaFon and Bulldog fired Mason after losing a match to Crush who was also managed by Mason, something which did not sit well with <mask>. Another bone of contention between the two was the newly created WWF European Championship; both men had fought their way to the finals to crown the first champion with Bulldog coming out as the victor. After retaining the tag team title against the Headbangers by disqualification on the edition of March 24, 1997 of Monday Night Raw, the tension between the two bubbled over.An incensed <mask> demanded a shot at Bulldog's European title the next week. The match was booked for March 31; on the night, the two went at it with such intensity that many thought the tag team champions had finally gone their separate ways. Then in a shocking moment, the recently turned heel Bret <mask> appeared at ringside and stopped the match. Bret appealed to both <mask> and Bulldog, talking about the importance of family. They agreed to put their differences aside and join with Bret to form the new Hart Foundation, an anti-American stable that also included <mask> in-law Jim Neidhart and <mask> family friend Brian Pillman. After forming the Hart Foundation, <mask> quickly gained singles gold of his own as he pinned Rocky Maivia to win his first WWF Intercontinental Championship. This meant that the Hart Foundation held every WWF title except the WWF Championship, cementing their dominance over the federation.It was not all success for <mask>, though, as he and the British Bulldog lost the WWF Tag Team Championship to Stone Cold Steve Austin and Shawn Michaels on May 26, 1997. He began feuding with Austin shortly thereafter. <mask> and Bulldog got a second chance at regaining the tag team titles after Michaels vacated his half of the championship due to an injury. On the edition of July 14, 1997 of Raw the two entered a tournament and won to face Austin and a partner of his choice that evening for the vacant titles. That partner turned out to be Dude Love, who declared himself to be Austin's partner and helped him defeat <mask> and Bulldog for the tag team championship. At SummerSlam in August, <mask> was to defend his Intercontinental Championship against Austin in a "Kiss My Ass" match, where <mask> put the title up against Austin having to kiss his buttocks if he lost. During the match, <mask> botched a piledriver and dropped Austin on the top of his head, injuring his neck.Austin won the title from <mask> that evening, but due to the injury was forced to vacate the title. Although the entire situation was an accident, the WWF decided to make it part of the storyline as <mask> began wearing a T-shirt patterned after Austin's that read "<mask> 3:16/I Just Broke Your Neck". <mask> was then entered into a tournament to crown a new champion. <mask>

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 fought his way to the finals of the tournament to crown the next Intercontinental Champion and was set to face Faarooq at Badd Blood: In Your House. <mask> beat Faarooq with Austin's help. Afterward, Austin explained that he wanted to beat <mask> for the title when he returned and would not allow Faarooq or anyone else to beat him. After <mask> retained the title twice by disqualification between Bad Blood and Survivor Series in Montreal, Austin got his wish and defeated <mask> for the Intercontinental Championship again.Later that night, the Montreal Screwjob took place. Bret left the WWF after Survivor Series and both the British Bulldog and Jim Neidhart were granted quick releases from their contracts to jump to WCW. This left <mask> as the only <mask> family member remaining in the WWF, due to his contractual obligations. The Black Hart and Nation of Domination (1997–1998)

<mask> was not seen or mentioned on WWF programming until he made a surprise appearance after Shawn Michaels retained his title following a disqualification loss to Ken Shamrock at In Your House: D-Generation X where he attacked Shawn Michaels. Now a fan favourite, but with a new edgy, antisocial attitude, <mask> became known as "The Lone Hart" and also "The Black Hart". <mask> had a feud with D-X and challenged Shawn Michaels for the WWF Championship on the December 29, 1997 episode of Raw Is War: <mask> had Michaels locked in the Sharpshooter when Triple H interfered in order to save Michaels' title, giving <mask> the victory by disqualification. He later won the European title from Triple H, although not directly.Goldust dressed up as Triple H in an attempt to swerve <mask>, but Commissioner Slaughter considered him to be a legitimate replacement. <mask> later suffered a kayfabe ankle injury during a match against Barry Windham involving Triple H. When <mask> joined the commentary at ringside, Triple H managed to draw <mask> into an impromptu title match and regained the title. Chyna interfered while the referee wasn't looking and while Triple H was distracting the referee, she struck <mask> behind the left knee with a baseball bat, picked him up and threw him back into the ring where Triple H put <mask> in a reverse ankle lock to his injured right ankle to win the European Championship under referees discretion in controversial fashion. Four weeks after WrestleMania, during a tag team match with Ken Shamrock against Mark Henry and Rocky Maivia (later known as The Rock), <mask> turned on Shamrock, "snapping" his ankle and "biting his ear" in the process, and becoming a heel once again. After the attack on Shamrock, <mask> became the co-leader, with The Rock, of the Nation of Domination, claiming that "Enough is enough and it's time for a change". The Nation's first big feud after <mask> joined was against DX. It was during this feud that D-Generation X parodied the Nation of Domination.The imitation was complete with an actor dressing up as <mask> and uttering the phrase "I am not a nugget"; this was in response to Shawn Michaels referring to <mask> as a nugget of feces in a toilet bowl that, no matter how many times Michaels flushed, he was unable to get rid of. "Nugget" became a derisive term that followed <mask> for the rest of his career. <mask>'s participation in the DX feud was sidetracked when Shamrock returned from injuries dead set on getting revenge on <mask>. The two split a pair of specialty matches on pay-per-view, but nothing was ever conclusively settled between them. Teaming with Jeff Jarrett and return as The Blue Blazer (1998–1999)
<mask> remained with the Nation throughout the year until the stable slowly dissolved. After SummerSlam, he teamed with Jeff Jarrett. <mask> and Jarrett had Jarrett's manager Debra in their corner.During this time a storyline was proposed that <mask> was supposed to have an on-screen affair with Debra, something which <mask> turned down. After a match in which <mask> "accidentally injured" Dan Severn, <mask> seemingly quit the WWF. Playing off the legitimate injury <mask> had inflicted on Austin the year before, the angle blurred the lines between reality and "storyline". Yet as soon as <mask> "quit", the Blue Blazer appeared in the WWF claiming to in no way be <mask> despite it being very obvious who was under the mask. Unlike the first run of the character, the Blazer was now an overbearing, self-righteous heel who treated the edgy Attitude Era WWF with disdain. <mask> and Jarrett ended up making the storyline comical. To prove that <mask> was not the Blazer, he showed up beside the Blue Blazer, who was a masked Jarrett.In a later attempt to prove that neither <mask> or Jarrett was the Blazer, they both appeared next to a man in the Blue Blazer mask; however, it was obvious that a black man was under the mask (<mask>'s former tag team partner Koko B. Ware). On January 25, 1999, in the midst of the Blue Blazer angle <mask> and Jarrett defeated Ken Shamrock and The Big Boss Man for the WWF Tag Team Championship. The pair successfully defended the belts against Test and D'Lo Brown at WrestleMania XV. They lost the titles to the team of Kane and X-Pac on the (pre-taped) episode of Raw that aired on April 5, 1999. However, <mask> and Jarrett continued to team together until <mask>'s death in May during the Over the Edge pay-per-view event. Personal life

He met Martha Joan Patterson in 1982. They married on July 1, 1989 and had two children together: Oje <mask> (born March 5, 1992) and Athena Christie <mask> (born September 23, 1995).On May 28, 2011, <mask> was inducted into the Legends Pro Wrestling "Hall of Fame" by Jack Blaze in Wheeling, West Virginia at their "LPW Hart & Soul Tour" event. The award was accepted by his brother-in-law Jim Neidhart, who was also inducted that night. Death

Over the Edge 1999

On May 23, 1999, <mask> fell to his death in Kansas City, Missouri during the Over the Edge pay-per-view event. <mask> was in the process of being lowered via harness and grapple line into the ring from the rafters of Kemper Arena for a booked Intercontinental Championship match against The Godfather. In keeping with the Blazer's new "buffoonish superhero" character, he was to begin a dramatic entrance, being lowered to just above ring level, at which time he would act "entangled", then release himself from the safety harness and fall flat on his face for comedic effect—this necessitated the use of a quick release mechanism. It was an elaboration on a Blue Blazer stunt done previously on the Sunday Night Heat before Survivor Series in 1998. While being lowered into the ring, <mask> fell 78 feet (24 m), landing chest-first on the top rope (approximately a foot from the nearest turnbuckle), throwing him into the ring.<mask> had performed the stunt only a few times before. <mask>'s widow Martha has suggested that, by moving around to get comfortable with both the harness and his cape on, <mask> unintentionally triggered an early release. Television viewers did not see the incident. During the fall, a pre-taped vignette was being shown on the pay-per-view broadcast as well as on the monitors in the darkened arena. Afterward, while <mask> was being worked on by medical personnel inside the ring, the live event's broadcast showed only the audience. Meanwhile, WWF television announcer Jim Ross repeatedly told those watching live on pay-per-view that what had just transpired was not a wrestling angle or storyline and that <mask> was hurt badly, emphasizing the seriousness of the situation. <mask> was transported to Truman Medical Center in Kansas City.While several attempts to revive him were made, he died due to his injuries. The cause of death was later revealed to be internal bleeding from blunt force trauma. The impact severed his aorta, resulting in <mask> bleeding to death just minutes later; he was 34 years old. Controversy
WWF management controversially chose to continue the event. Later, Jim Ross announced the death of <mask> to the home viewers during the pay-per-view, but not to the crowd in the arena. While the event went on, it has never been released commercially by WWF Home Video. In 2014, fifteen years after his death, the WWE Network aired the event for the first time.A small photo tribute is shown before the start informing fans that <mask> died during the original broadcast. All footage of <mask> was edited out of the event. The statement reads: "In Memory of <mask> May 7, 1965 – May 23, 1999 who accidentally passed away during this broadcast." In the decades that followed <mask>'s death, much attention was focused on the harness <mask> used that night, especially on the "quick release" trigger and safety latches. When someone is lowered from the rafters in a harness, there are backup latches that must be latched for safety purposes. Four weeks after the event, the <mask> family sued the WWF over how dangerous and poorly planned the stunt was, and that the harness system was defective. After over a year and a half into the case, a settlement was reached on November 2, 2000, which saw the WWF give the <mask> family US$18 million.The manufacturer of the harness system was also a defendant against the <mask> family, but they were dismissed from the case after the settlement was reached. Martha used millions of the settlement to establish the Owen Hart Foundation. Martha wrote a book about <mask>'s life in 2002 called Broken Harts: The Life and Death of <mask>. In his DVD set Bret "Hit Man" <mask>: The Best There Is, the Best There Was, the Best There Ever Will Be, Bret said that he wishes he had been with the WWF the night <mask>'s accident happened, as he would have discouraged <mask> from performing the stunt. Aftermath

A special episode of Raw Is War that aired on May 24, 1999, the night after <mask>'s death, was dubbed Raw Is Owen. It was broadcast live from the Kiel Center in St. Louis. It included shoot interviews from his fellow wrestlers.According to Raw Exposed (a special that aired upon Raw returning to USA Network on October 3, 2005), all storylines and rivalries were put aside, and WWF management gave all wrestlers on the roster the option of working or not. Nevertheless, ten matches were booked with no angles. The show began with all the wrestlers, managers, referees and agents of the WWF (except WWF Champion The Undertaker and Kane – both as a means to keep kayfabe) standing on the entrance ramp. Howard Finkel called for a ten-bell salute. A tribute video narrated by Vince McMahon then played on the Titantron. Throughout the broadcast, personal thoughts on <mask> in the form of shoot interviews with various WWF wrestlers were played. <mask>'s former Nation of Domination comrades were emotional, most notably Mark Henry, who wept as he read a poem that he wrote in memory of <mask>.Before the first commercial break, such thoughts were aired from Mick Foley and Bradshaw. Foley said that <mask> was his son's favourite wrestler and had proudly gotten a haircut like <mask>'s, although he also said his son did not quite understand that "nugget" was not a term of endearment. Bradshaw talked about how <mask> spent less money on the road than most wrestlers because he wanted to retire early and spend time with his family. <mask>'s friend and Nation of Domination partner The Rock also made a short speech before engaging in a short match against Val Venis. Test then spoke about a rib <mask> pulled on him. The broadcast ended with Stone Cold Steve Austin coming out for a special salute to <mask> by climbing the turnbuckle and performing his famous "beer-bash" routine, ending with him giving a toast to <mask> (whose picture was displayed on the Titantron throughout the entire show) and leaving one beer in the ring (for <mask>). The only notable absence from this show was The Undertaker as he decided to visit his real-life friend, Bret <mask>.The tribute show scored a 7.2 Nielsen rating, making it the highest-rated special episode in Raw history and the third highest-rated episode of Raw overall. Shawn Michaels, in his Heartbreak and Triumph autobiography, notes that "<mask> is the only guy you could have a two-hour show for, and no-one would say a bad word about him." The next day, WWF taped the episode of Raw for May 31, 1999. During that show, Jeff Jarrett defeated The Godfather to win the WWF Intercontinental Championship, the title <mask> was booked to win for a third time at Over the Edge. Celebrating his victory, Jarrett screamed <mask>'s name. On October 4, 1999, five months after <mask>'s death, Bret <mask> faced Chris Benoit on WCW Nitro in a tribute to his brother. The match took place in the same arena in which <mask> had fallen to his death.Legacy
<mask> was widely regarded as one of the best in-ring performers in the WWE; Fox Sports dubbed him a "genius". He would go on to be considered one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time by many industry colleagues. In 2001, <mask>'s sister Diana released her first book named Under the Mat which dealt with their family. The book was written partially in response to <mask>'s death and became very controversial. <mask>'s widow <mask> pursued legal action over the work and claimed that Diana made inaccurate and irresponsible statements about her and her family. She stated that the book was "filled with distortions, misstatements and unjustified slurs that attempt to destroy the reputation of my family and me, and undermine the memory of <mask>." In June 2010, Martha filed a lawsuit against the WWE over WWE's use of <mask>'s name and likeness as well as personal photos of <mask>'s family in the Hart & Soul WWE DVD, as well as the failure to make royalty payments.The matter was scheduled to go to trial in June 2013 before the settlement was reached in April 2013 for an undisclosed amount. The WWE released Owen: Hart of Gold on DVD and Blu-ray on December 7, 2015 in the United Kingdom, with the United States release the day after. The season two finale of Dark Side of the Ring revealed details about <mask>'s wrestling career, legacy and death. WWE wrestler <mask> named his son after <mask> and incorporated the name into his own ring name as tribute to both of them. During Mark Henry's WWE Hall of Fame induction in 2018, Henry asked <mask> to allow her late husband to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. Martha has been critical of the WWE Hall of Fame, stating: "They don’t even have a Hallway of Fame. It doesn’t exist.There’s nothing. It’s a fake entity. There’s nothing real or tangible. It’s just an event they have to make money. They put it on TV and have a celebration, and it’s just so ridiculous. I would never even entertain it. It’s garbage."On September 20, 2021, All Elite Wrestling (AEW) announced the Owen Hart Cup Tournament, in partnership with the Owen Hart Foundation, wherein the winner will receive a trophy called "The Owen". The company also announced production and distribution of original Owen Hart merchandise and <mask> as a character in the upcoming AEW console game. Championships and accomplishments

 George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 Class of 2018 (Posthumous Inductee)
 Legends Pro Wrestling
 LPW Hall of Fame (Class of 2011)
 Prairie Wrestling Alliance
 Prairie Wrestling Alliance Hall of Fame (Class of 2010)
 New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Editor's Award (1999)
 Feud of the Year (1994)
 Rookie of the Year (1987)
 Ranked No. 10 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1994
 Ranked No. 66 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 Ranked

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<mask> (15 January 1898 – 3 October 1937) was a German politician (KPD). Between 1928 and 1933 he sat as a member of the National Parliament (Reichstag). Like many Communist Party members at the time, he also operated under "party names", by which he may be identified in sources. These included "A. Neuberg", "Leo Wolf" and "Ernst Wolf". Early life
<mask> was born in Leipzig. His father was a secular preacher. He attended school up to the middle level, and then became an intern at a printing machine factory, still in Leipzig, shortly afterwards embarking on a traineeship for bank work.In 1915, Kippenberger he volunteered for military service, and spent the rest of the First World War in the Imperial German Army. He served on the Western Front, was wounded several times, and was decorated with the Iron Cross First Class. When Kippenberger was discharged in January 1919, he had reached the rank of Oberleutnant. Early in 1919 he embarked on a commercial traineeship which led to a clerical job in Leipzig. From June 1921 he was based in Hamburg, employed as a foreign languages correspondent for various firms, and working with the English, French, Italian and Spanish languages. Radicalization
Kippenberger had already, in Leipzig, joined the Independent Social Democratic Party ("Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / USPD), and when this broke apart he was part of the Pro-Soviet faction that joined with the newly formed Communist Party. By 1922 he was employed full-time by the Party and part of what one source identifies as the Party's "secret apparatus".Meanwhile, he attended lectures at the University of Hamburg on socioeconomics ("Volkswirtschaft") although it is not clear that he was formally enrolled as a student at the university. He became a leader in the Communist Party student group and played a leading role in the Hamburg uprising which erupted in October 1923. In the city's politically left-wing Barmbek quarter Kippenberger led a fighting group of workers, also managing to plant Communist moles into Hamburg police and Reichswehr units. It was thanks to his careful oversight and military training that the communist fighter groups were able to retreat in good order. Despite being elected to the regional Hamburg Parliament in 1924, after the Hamburg uprising the public prosecutor of Hamburg issued a warrant for Kippenberger's arrest. Badly wounded, for several months he lived illegally (unregistered with the local city hall) in Leipzig till March 1924 when Kippenberger fled to the Soviet Union. While living in Moscow, Kippenberger was personally recruited by General Yan Karlovich Berzin into the Soviet military intelligence service, or GRU.After the Weimar Republic amnestied those who had taken part in the Hamburg Uprising, Kippenberger returned to Germany, where he became, according to John Koehler, "the most important link between the Soviet secret service and Germany's Communist Party, functioning at various times under the code names Alex, Adam, and Wolf." Sources differ over whether he returned from the Soviet Union at the end of 1924 and then lived illegally (unregistered) in Germany or stayed in the Soviet Union till 1926 (or beyond). There is also a suggestion that in Moscow, as well attending a military academy, he studied at the "Communist University of National Minorities in the West". During 1924/25 he was still being sought - apparently without success - by the Hamburg police in connection with the part he had played in the Hamburg uprising. Red Stormtroopers
Towards the end of the 1920s, Kippenberger was ordered by the Comintern to create a secret paramilitary wing for the party. In response, Kippenberger created the Parteiselbstschutz, or "Party Self Defense Unit." According to John Koehler, "World War I veterans taught the novices how to handle pistols, rifles, machine guns, and hand grenades.This clandestine training was conducted in the sparsely populated, pastoral countryside surrounding Berlin." According to John Koehler, members of the Parteiselbstschutz "served as bouncers at Party meetings and specialized in cracking heads during street battles with political enemies." Besides the ruling SPD and it's paramilitary Reichsbanner units, the arch-enemies of the Parteiselbstschutz were the Stahlhelm, which was the armed wing of the Monarchist German National People's Party (DVNP), Trotskyites, and "radical nationalist parties." According to Koehler, the KPD's Selbstschutz men "always carried a Stahlrute, two steel springs that telescoped into a tube seven inches long, which when extended became a deadly, fourteen-inch weapon. Not to be outdone by the Nazis, these street-fighters were often armed with pistols as well." Representative
In May 1928 he stood for membership of the Reichstag in the general election. He was successful, despite being arrested during the election campaign.As an elected member of the Reichstag he enjoyed certain immunities, and once the election result became known he had to be released. He sat as a communist party member for electoral district 29 (Leipzig). At the twelfth Party conference, held in 1929 in the central Wedding district of Berlin, Kippenberg was accepted as a candidate for party Central Committee membership. In the Reichstag his focus was on defence matters:  he was a member of the parliamentary military commission. He continued to sit in the Reichstag till 1933. Outside the chamber he built up the so-called "Betriebsberichterstattung (BB-Ressort)", originated in 1927 within the party's illegal military apparatus, but from 1932 consciously separated from it. It was a quasi-military body comprising approximately 300 members who undertook economic-espionage tasks on behalf of the Soviet Union, also reporting back on social, political and economic developments more generally during what was a period of rising tension inside Germany.Seen from the perspective of the Nazi Party the "BB-Ressort" was "the German Communist Party's most dangerous structure". The Bülowplatz Murders

Planning

During the last days of the Weimar Republic, the KPD had a policy of assassinating two Berlin police officers in retaliation for every KPD member killed by the police. On 2 August 1931, KPD Members of the Reichstag Kippenberger and Heinz Neumann received a dressing down from Walter Ulbricht, the Party's leader in the Berlin-Brandenburg region. Enraged by police interference and by Neumann and Kippenberger's failure to follow the policy, Ulbricht snarled, "At home in Saxony we would have done something about the police a long time ago. Here in Berlin we will not fool around much longer. Soon we will hit the police in the head." Enraged by Ulbricht's words, Kippenberger and Neumann decided to assassinate Paul Anlauf, the forty-two-year-old Captain of the Berlin Police's Seventh Precinct.Captain Anlauf, a widower with three daughters, had been nicknamed Schweinebacke, or "Pig Face" by the KPD. According to John Koehler, "Of all the policemen in strife-torn Berlin, the reds hated Anlauf the most. His precinct included the area around KPD headquarters, which made it the most dangerous in the city. The captain almost always led the riot squads that broke up illegal rallies of the Communist Party." On the morning of Sunday 9 August 1931, Kippenberger and Neumann gave a last briefing to the hit-team in a room at the Lassant beer hall. Parteiselbstschutz members Erich Mielke and Erich Ziemer were selected as the shooters. During the meeting, Max Matern gave a Luger pistol to fellow lookout Max Thunert and said, "Now we're getting serious... We're going to give Schweinebacke something to remember us by."Kippenberger then asked Mielke and Ziemer, "Are you sure that you are ready to shoot Schweinebacke?" Mielke responded that he had seen Captain Anlauf many times during police searches of Party Headquarters. Kippenberger then instructed them to wait at a nearby beer hall which would permit them to overlook the entire Bülow-Platz. He further reminded them that Captain Anlauf was accompanied everywhere by Senior Sergeant Max Willig, whom the KPD had nicknamed, Hussar. Kippenberger concluded, "When you spot Schweinebacke and Hussar, you take care of them." Mielke and Ziemer were informed that, after the assassinations were completed, a diversion would assist in their escape. They were then to return to their homes and await further instructions.That evening, Captain Anlauf was lured to Bülow-Platz by a violent rally demanding the dissolution of the Prussian Parliament. According to John Koehler, "As was often the case when it came to battling the dominant SPD, the KPD and the Nazis had combined forces during the pre-plebiscite campaign. At one point in this particular campaign, Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels even shared a speaker's platform with KPD agitator Walter Ulbricht. Both parties wanted the parliament dissolved because they were hoping that new elections would oust the SPD, the sworn enemy of all radicals. That fact explained why the atmosphere was particularly volatile this Sunday." Murder at the Babylon Cinema

At eight o'clock that evening, Mielke and Ziemer waited in a doorway as Captain Anlauf, Sergeant Willig, and Captain Franz Lenck walked toward the Babylon Cinema, which was located at the corner of Bülowplatz and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße. As they reached the door of the movie house, the policemen heard someone scream, "Schweinebacke!"As Captain Anlauf turned toward the sound, Mielke and Ziemer opened fire at point blank range. Sergeant Willig was wounded in the left arm and the stomach. However, he managed to draw his Luger pistol and fired a full magazine at the assailants. Captain Franz Lenck was shot in the chest and fell dead in front of the entrance. Willig crawled over and cradled the head of Captain Anlauf, who had taken two bullets in the neck. As his life drained away, the Captain gasped, "Wiedersehen... Gruss..." ("So Long... Goodbye..."). Meanwhile, Mielke and Ziemer made their escape by running into the theater and out an emergency exit.They tossed their pistols over a fence, where they were later found by Homicide Detectives from the elite Mordkommission. Mielke and Ziemer then returned to their homes. According to Koehler, "Back at Bülowplatz, the killings had triggered a major police action. At least a thousand officers poured into the square, and a bloody street battle ensued. Rocks and bricks were hurled from the rooftops. Communist gunmen fired indiscriminately from the roofs of surrounding apartment houses. As darkness fell, police searchlights illuminated the buildings.Using megaphones, officers shouted, 'Clear the streets! Move away from the windows! We are returning fire!' By now the rabble had fled the square, but shooting continued as riot squads combed the tenements, arresting hundreds of residents suspected of having fired weapons. The battle lasted until one o'clock the next morning. In addition to the two police officers, the casualties included one Communist who died of a gunshot wound and seventeen others who were seriously wounded." Captain

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 Anlauf's wife had died three weeks earlier of kidney failure.The KPD's murder of Captain Anlauf thus left their three daughters as orphans. The Captain's oldest daughter was forced to drastically rush her planned wedding to keep her sisters from being put in an orphanage. Captain Franz Lenck was survived by his wife. Senior Sergeant Max Willig was hospitalized for fourteen weeks, but made a full recovery and returned to active duty. In recognition for Willig's courage, the Berlin Police promoted him to Lieutenant. After the murders, the act was celebrated at the Lichtenberger Hof, a favorite beer hall of the Rotfrontkämpferbund, where Mielke boasted: "Today we celebrate a job that I pulled!" ()

Aftermath
According to John Koehler, "Kippenberger was alarmed when word reached him that Sergeant Willig had survived the shooting.Not knowing whether the sergeant could talk and identify the attackers, Kippenberger was taking no chances. He directed a runner to summon Mielke and Ziemer to his apartment at 74 Bellermannstrasse, only a few minutes walk from where the two lived. When the assassins arrived, Kippenberger told them the news and ordered them to leave Berlin at once. The parliamentarian's wife Thea, an unemployed schoolteacher and as staunch a Communist Party member as her husband, shepherded the young murderers to the Belgian border. Agents of the Communist International (Comintern) in the port city of Antwerp supplied them with money and forged passports. Aboard a merchant ship, they sailed for Leningrad. When their ship docked, they were met by another Comintern representative, who escorted them to Moscow."Nazi Germany
The political backdrop was transformed with the Nazi power seizure in January 1933. The new government lost little time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. <mask> was one of those who participated in the (illegal) meeting of the party central committee held at the Ziegenhals café ("Sporthaus Ziegenhals") a short distance outside Berlin on 7 February 1933. The meeting would subsequently be celebrated as both the first and last meeting of the Communist Party Central Committee held in Nazi Germany. The Reichstag fire at the end of February 1933 was immediately blamed on the KPD, and before the end of the year participants in the Ziegenhals meeting and most of the other active communist party politicians had either fled abroad or else been arrested. The Communist Party structure was shattered. Kippenberger took on and preserved much of its paramilitary apparatus under conditions of enhanced secrecy and certain important tasks were accomplished, but the Gestapo nevertheless succeeded in infiltrating his information and communications structures.Kippenberger, operating for some purposes under the code name "Leo", was feverishly sought by the Gestapo during 1933 and 1934. Meanwhile, despite having to operate underground or, increasingly, out of Paris, the Communist Party of Germany had lost none of its appetite for internal feuding. The arrest of Ernst Thälmann on 3 March 1933 had left a vacuum at the top of the party. To the extent that the quasi-military apparatus under Kippenberger remained effective, it supported the opponents of Walter Ulbricht and Wilhelm Pieck in the increasingly polarised leadership struggle that ensued. The Bülowplatz Trial

In mid-March 1933, the Berlin police arrested Max Thunert, one of the lookouts in the murders of Captains Anlauf and Lenck. Within days, fifteen other conspirators were in police custody. On 14 September 1933, Berlin newspapers reported that all fifteen had confessed to their roles in the murders.Arrest warrants were issued for ten other conspirators who had fled, including Mielke, Ziemer, Ulbricht, Kippenberger, and Neumann. In response to claims that the confessions were obtained under torture by the Nazi Gestapo, John Koehler wrote, "However, all suspects were in the custody of the regular Berlin city criminal investigation bureau, most of whose detectives were SPD members. Some of the suspects had been nabbed by Nazi SA men and probably beaten before they were turned over to police. In the 1993 trial of Mielke, the court gave the defense the benefit of the doubt and threw out a number of suspect confessions." On 19 June 1934, the 15 conspirators were convicted of first degree murder. The three deemed most culpable, Michael Klause, Max Matern, and Friedrich Bröde were sentenced to death. Their co-defendants received sentences ranging from nine months to fifteen years incarceration at hard labor.Klause's sentence was commuted to life in prison based upon his cooperation. Bröde hanged himself in his cell. As a result, only Matern was left to be executed by beheading on 22 May 1935. The Great Purge
In the context of increasingly shrill attacks on him from Ulbricht, Pieck and their supporters, on 12 February 1935 the party politburo set up a commission of enquiry into <mask>er. In October 1935 a party congress was held, under somewhat bizarre conditions, at Brussels:   Ulbricht and his allies took over the party leadership. The resignation of two of Thälmann's old lieutenants, Hermann Schubert and Fritz Schulte left Kippenberger unambiguously on the losing side. In Walter Ulbricht he had acquired a powerful and uncompromising enemy at the top of the party.Ulbricht enjoyed the backing of Moscow. <mask> lost his position on the party Central Committee and the quasi-military underground operation he had directed was dissolved. He was ordered to relocated from Paris to Moscow where he was provided with factory work. Sources are silent over whether, on moving to Moscow, he ever met up with his former wife, Thea, and their two daughters, Margot and Jeanette, who had emigrated there in July 1933, since when Thea had been worked as a teacher in the Soviet capital. Death
On 5 November 1935, as the scope of Joseph Stalins Great Purge accelerated, <mask> and his girlfriend Christina Kerff (born Chrisina Lenderoth) were arrested at Moscow's Soyuznaya Hotel (across the road from the Hotel Lux). In a secret trial by the NKVD, Kippenberger was declared guilty of "espionage and participation in a counter-revolutionary terrorist organisation". <mask> was shot, once, in the back of the head, on 3 October 1937.Personal life
<mask> married Thea Niemand, from Hamburg, in 1923. Their daughters were born in 1924 and 1928. The marriage ended in divorce in 1930. After a raid on their Berlin apartment, Thea hastily took the children to a safe location in the countryside, from where they escaped via Czechoslovakia. Thea arrived in Moscow with their daughters in July 1933, six months after the Nazi seizure of power in Germany. The standard of their Moscow accommodation, shared with Thea <mask>'s friend Thea Beling and a large number of other people, came as a shock to the children. In February 1938 Thea, who by this time worked as a teacher, was arrested.A special NKVD tribunal sentenced her to a lengthy term in the GULAG. During 1939, Thea Kippenberger died in a concentration camp in Siberia. Rehabilitation
Two decades later, following a change in the political wind direction, <mask> and Thea <mask> were posthumously rehabilitated by a Moscow tribunal on 30 September 1957. However, both their deaths and their subsequent rehabilitations remained officially undisclosed by the ruling party in what had, by this time, become the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The orphans
One afternoon in November 1937 two secret policemen turned up at their school in Moscow and removed Margot and Jeanette <mask> from their lessons. Early the next year, aged 14, Margot wrote a desperate letter to one of her mother's friends asking what had happened to her mother. There was no reply.It would be another 22 years before she would learn of her parents' fates. The children were taken to Chistopol in Tatarstan and placed in an orphanage for "homeless street children" which at this time was receiving more and more of the children of "enemies of the people". The older daughter, Margot <mask>, was transferred to a labour camp in Vologodskaya, condemned in 1942 to a lifelong term of forced labour. She was given work in forestry, tasked with collecting the sawdust caused by the felling of trees. There was one day off work each month which was used for delousing. Later she was denounced and subjected to six months of intensive interrogation. Nevertheless, she survived.Her situation eased after the end of the war, formally in May 1945, and she married Igor Tschnernavin, a Soviet citizen in 1948. After her parents' rehabilitation Margot <mask> was able to leave the Soviet Union with her five children, arriving in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in May 1958. Their marriage never having been officially recognised (because Margot was foreign) Igor was not permitted to accompany them, but following a personal appeal to Nikita Khrushchev he joined them in 1960. The family nevertheless felt themselves treated as outsiders, and while Margot built her life in the new country, Igor soon returned to the Soviet Union, where he died in 1984. Although Margot had been informed of her parents' fates, she was under firm instructions to keep the information to herself. Her insistence on discussing the matter led to constant tensions with the authorities. Her indignant letter sent in 1979 to the national newspaper, Neues Deutschland, on the centenary of Stalin's birth, was naturally never published.She remained under close Stasi surveillance till March 1981 when she was permitted to relocate to West Berlin, where she lived in a small apartment, supported by a small pension provided to survivors of Nazi persecution. There was no pension in respect of her time in the Soviet Union. There is less information in the public domain concerning the younger daughter. After they had been taken away from their parents at the end of 1937 Jeanette had learned Russian much more quickly than Margot, which may have indicated a particular talent for languages. Jeanette Kippenberger worked for the government news service in East Berlin between 1956 and 1973 as a typist. specialising in Russian language work. She was given a new job, in September 1973, as a translator with the Intertext, the ruling party's translation bureau.She was able to relocate to West Germany on 14 July 1978. Margot and Jeannette <mask> died respectively in 2005 and 2016. Both their bodies are buried in the Sankt-Matthäus-Kirchhof ("Old St. Matthew's Churchyard") in Berlin's Schöneberg quarter. It was noted in at the end of 2017 that their graves were not yet marked by any grave stone. References

GRU officers
Politicians from Leipzig
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Independent Social Democratic Party politicians
Members of the Hamburg Parliament
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Communists in the German Resistance
Refugees from Nazi Germany in the Soviet Union
Great Purge victims from Germany
People executed by the Soviet Union
German spies for the Soviet Union
Murders of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck
1898 births
1937

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Hans Kippenberg
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<mask> (born April 11, 1957) is an American country, bluegrass, and Americana singer-songwriter. Since 1986, he has released 31 studio albums, including collaborations with artists such as Dr. Ralph Stanley, Buddy Miller, and Donna the Buffalo. A "songwriter's songwriter," his songs have been recorded by dozens of artists, notably George Strait, Gary Allan, Elvis Costello, Blake Shelton, the Dixie Chicks, Vince Gill, and Patty Loveless. Early life
<mask> was born in Troutman, North Carolina, the son of <mask> (née Hobson) and Dr. Wilbur "Chap" <mask>. <mask>'s mother was originally from Kansas. In addition to her work as a public school and piano teacher, she was active in the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Churches in Troutman, Charlotte, and Due West, South Carolina, where she served as music director, church organist, and choir director. His father was born in Lexington, VA, the son of Reverend David Thomas and <mask> (née Chapman).<mask>'s father was a noted minister in the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. <mask> has one sister, Rebecca "Becky" Tatum, and a nephew, Mark. He grew up in Due West, South Carolina. Both of his parents were singers. He too sang in his early years, and learned the drums at 11, the harmonica at 13, and the banjo at 15. He has cited the influence of Ralph Stanley and bluegrass music from an early age. He played a variety of music, including bluegrass, Grateful Dead, and folk in a duo with best friend Nathan Lajoie as a teenager.During his childhood in Due West, many music acts would come to Erskine College. <mask> remembers enjoying the album Will the Circle be Unbroken by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and Neil Young's Harvest. He attended the Carolina Friends School in Durham NC and then went on to the North Carolina School of the Arts in Winston-Salem, NC, studying theater. He played in country and bluegrass bands during college. <mask> is a long-time resident of Nashville, Tennessee. Career

After graduating from college, <mask> lived in Nashville for five months in the summer of 1979 while he tried to get a recording or publishing deal. He hung out a lot with Roland White, an accomplished mandolin player, with whom he cut a record.But things never took off, so he decided to move to New York, where he played in Floyd Domino's band and performed as a solo artist. In 1980 he met singer-songwriter Buddy Miller. He played in Miller's band in the active twang music scene that was evolving at the time. During his time in New York City, he also worked in the mailroom and as a messenger at Rolling Stone magazine. He often was assigned to pick up and drop off photographer Annie Leibovitz's equipment. <mask> joined the national touring production of Pump Boys & Dinettes, which eventually reached Los Angeles where he met musicians Rosie Flores, Billy Bremmer, Pete Anderson, Lucinda Williams, Dale Watson, and others. John Ciambotti became <mask>'s manager and <mask> relocated to Los Angeles in the late 1980s, recording an album for CBS (which was later released as The Point of No Return).The record was influenced by the Bakersfield sound of Buck Owens. Armed with a catalog of a few hundred songs he had written, <mask> was able to get a publishing deal with a small company called Blue Water Music (based in Houston, with a small office in Nashville). Living in Los Angeles he made a record with Anderson producing, but it was never released. <mask> then got a publishing deal with Reprise and moved into the second floor of Buddy and Julie Miller's house until he got his own place in Nashville. In 2013, <mask> started his own record label, Sky Crunch, so that he could release his many albums on a schedule that suited him. In April 2018, <mask> signed to Yep Roc Records. Solo career

<mask>'s solo debut, Planet of Love, was produced by Rodney Crowell and John Leventhal and released in 1991.Lost in the Lonesome Pines, a 2002 collaboration with Ralph Stanley, won the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album. The Bluegrass Diaries won the same award in 2008. In 2003, <mask> was joined by roots/jam band Donna the Buffalo on the album Wait 'Til Spring. Could We Get Any Closer? was nominated for a Grammy in 2009. In 2013, <mask> released Old Time Angels (a bluegrass album) and his first solo acoustic album, Blue Moon Junction, followed by Black Roses, with the North Mississippi All-Stars. <mask> appears on Laura Cantrell's 2013 release No Way There From Here.2014 saw the release of his album I'm A Song. <mask> will release his new album Time Flies on August 3, 2018, along with <mask> and Roland White. Collaborations
In 2007, he began a collaboration with Larry Campbell, the band Olabelle, and others in the American Beauty Project, a loose collection of musicians dedicated to reimagining in performance the Grateful Dead's two classic 1970 albums, Workingman's Dead and American Beauty. In 2011, <mask> toured with Hot Tuna, an ensemble act that included Jorma Kaukonen, Jack Casady, Barry Mitterhof, G.E. Smith, and, for a time, Charlie Musselwhite. He has also toured with Elvis Costello, Rhonda Vincent, Mary Chapin Carpenter, and others. Dr. Ralph Stanley
<mask> wrote and produced two bluegrass records with Ralph Stanley.Their first collaboration, I Feel Like Singing Today, was nominated for a Grammy. Buddy Miller

<mask> released a record called Buddy and <mask> with long-time friend and collaborator Buddy Miller in 2013. <mask> said they recorded it in three days in Miller's home studio. Miller did the mixing and producing. Robert Hunter
<mask> has often collaborated with Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter. <mask>'s first collaboration with Hunter was Headed for the Hills and the second was Patchwork River in May 2010. The June 2011 release Reason and Rhyme was their third collaboration.Additionally, they wrote songs for a North Mississippi Allstars record that was released in the fall of 2013. Two 2013 releases, Black Roses and Blue Moon Junction, were co-written with Hunter. Black Roses features North Mississippi Allstars' Cody and Luther Dickinson, whom <mask> met in Nashville at the Americana Music Festival, as well as Muscle Shoals musicians Spooner Oldham and David Hood. The album was recorded at their father <mask>'s studio, Zebra Ranch in Mississippi. 2013's Blue Moon Junction features <mask>'s work as a singer and songwriter, some of them co-written with Hunter in a solo, acoustic format. <mask> produced the record. <mask> says that they have more material that might make a good follow-up album, and hopes they will have time to collaborate again soon.Nick Lowe
<mask> said he worked on a yet-to-be-released record with Nick Lowe's band during a time he spent in England. Roland White

On August 3, 2018, <mask> released <mask> and Roland White, a previously lost record made with mandolin master Roland White. The disc was recorded in Earl Scruggs' basement in 1979, and the songs were only found recently by White's wife. The Jim Lauderdale Phenomenon
The term "the Jim Lauderdale Phenomenon", coined by singer-songwriter Kim Richey and cited in an April 2000 article in The Tennessean by writer Peter Cooper, is an ironic reference to the fact that <mask> was nominated for a Grammy for his work with Stanley but was released from a record deal with RCA not long after. He was also released from contracts with Warner Bros., Columbia, and Atlantic Records. The article notes that many country artists that were signed to major labels in the 1990s failed to get radio airtime and had their contracts dropped after making one or two albums. The problem became endemic in Nashville during this period, when a lot of good music was being created and recorded, but the megastars dominated the airwaves.Discography
<mask> has had a long-time, successful Music Row career writing songs for many mainstream country music singers under four separate major-label record contracts: CBS, Warner/Reprise, Atlantic, and RCA/BMG. Songwriting
 Gary Allan: "Wake Up Screaming", "What's On My Mind", "We Touched the Sun"
 Mark Chesnutt: "Gonna Get a Life" (co-written with Frank Dycus) – hit No. II (1988) – "What Am I Waiting For"
Happy Birthday, Buck! A Texas Salute to Buck Owens (2002) – "Sweet Rosie Jones"
Touch My Heart: A Tribute to Johnny Paycheck (2005) – "I Want You To Know"
Born to the Breed: A Tribute to Judy Collins (2008) – "Easy Times"

Other activities
<mask> has hosted the Americana Music Awards since winning their first Artist of the Year and Song of the Year awards in 2002. He was a judge for the second, 10th and 11th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. He is Honorary Chairperson for the Chris Austin Songwriting Contest each April at MerleFest in Wilkesboro, NC. He hosted "The <mask> Show" on WSM Radio.He hosts, along with Buddy Miller, "The Buddy & <mask> Show" on SiriusXM Outlaw Country. <mask> is also a frequent host and performer on "Music City Roots", a weekly Americana music show web-streamed live from The Factory at Franklin just outside Nashville. <mask>: The King of Broken Hearts
A documentary film called <mask>: The King of Broken Hearts, directed by Jeremy Dylan, was released in 2013. Using interviews with Elvis Costello, Buddy Miller, John Oates, Gary Allan, Tony Brown, and Jerry Douglas, the film describes <mask>'s successes and failures as a recording artist. References

External links

 <mask>: The King of Broken Hearts (documentary)
 <mask> Interview at Reviewgraveyard.com

1957 births
Living people
Bluegrass musicians from North Carolina
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Singer-songwriters from North Carolina
People from Troutman, North Carolina
Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
Country musicians from North Carolina
Yep Roc Records artists
Sugar Hill Records artists
Proper Records artists
Dualtone Records artists
New West Records artists

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James Russell Lauderdale
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Chapman Lauderdale
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<mask>, usually known as W.A<mask> but also William A<mask>, <mask> or <mask> (17 July 1882 - 18 January 1953) was an artist and craftsman who reconstructed, from pieces thousands of years old, furniture found in the tomb of Queen Hetepheres near the Giza Pyramids. He was also an accomplished artist whose works were displayed at the Calton Gallery (Edinburgh, Scotland) in 1986, the Bradford Art Galleries (Cartwright Hall, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England) in 1989, and at the Royal Academy of Arts (London). He made great practical contributions to the light industries of Palestine before and during the Second World War. Early life and study

<mask> was born on July 17, 1882, in Ilkley, England the son of <mask> and Naamah (Arnold<mask>. One of 5 children (2 brothers and 2 sisters), he attended the local school, then Bradford Technical College, then the Royal College of Art where he studied under Augustus John. He worked in the design department of Listers at Manningham Mills.He was a founder of the Loft Arts Club in 1902, which changed its name in 1912 to the Bradford Arts Club, and which encouraged poetry, literature, music, life drawings and other arts. During this time he was introduced to several influential people including Arnold Priestman, Ernest Sichel, William Shackleton, William Rothenstein, Edward Wadsworth, and Father O'Connor (GK Chesterton's 'Father Brown'), and he became good friends with artist James Arundel. He met the Indian poet and philosopher Rabindranath Tagore and created a pastel portrait that was exhibited in 1909. Early in his life <mask> was a regular exhibitor of his pictorial photography. He was described by the British Journal of Photography in 1902 as 'amongst the best known exhibitors'. He exhibited widely in exhibitions in the United Kingdom including at the Photographic Salon and his work was published in Photographs of the Year in 1908 and 1909. Three examples of his work are in the Royal Photographic Society Collection including his photograph The Rose is Sweetness.His seems to have ceased exhibiting his photography around 1910, just before he moved to Egypt. Work in Egypt and Palestine

<mask> emigrated to the Middle East in 1911, to become an Inspector of Arts and Crafts in the Egyptian Ministry of Education. There he set up the Cairo School of Arts and Crafts, becoming its first principal. He was positively influenced by Arab, Turkish, Syrian and Byzantine art. Many students of the Cairo School of Arts and Crafts became accomplished artists. Some made fine jewelry to <mask>'s designs including copies of ornaments worn by the ancient Pharaohs. At the end of World War I, <mask> temporarily moved to Palestine to advise on the re-establishment of crafts and small industries damaged during the war.He worked with C.R. Ashbee, an architect and fine arts expert. Ashbee's wife Janet and 4 daughters, along with Janet's cousin Kathleen Beardshaw, moved from the UK to Palestine at this time. Will married Kathleen a year later in Cairo. In 1927 the tomb of Queen Hetapheres, the Mother of Cheops who built the Great Pyramid, was discovered at Giza. <mask> was recruited by Professor Reisner of the Boston-Harvard expedition to make a painting of the interior of the tomb before anything was touched. <mask> was then asked to reconstruct the furniture in the tomb that had disintegrated.This included the Queen's throne, bed, chair, footstool, and neck rest that had been covered in fine gold leaf. <mask> discovered that the furniture was constructed using mortise and tenon joints. After nearly three years of work (mostly in a tent in the Giza desert, with one assistant), the pieces were displayed at the Cairo Museum. The many sketches, papers and notes made by <mask> on this project were discovered in a shed in Perthshire when his eldest daughter died in 1981. These were given to the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. According to his daughter Anne, "The furniture in the tomb was all intricately carved, then overlaid with gold. The wood had gone to dust, leaving the gold leaf gently collapsed.So he had to create new woodwork (knowing the traditional shapes from pictures in other tombs), then creating a sort of porridge-like mixture to cover it and lay the gold leaf on it somehow to make it all stand up as in the original carving." After his work at the Cairo School of Arts and Crafts, in 1930 <mask> accepted a new post under the High Commissioner of Palestine as Supervisor of Technical Education. Along with his wife and 3 children he moved from Cairo to Jerusalem. The Governor of Sinai asked <mask> to take the journey via a new road that was just completed through the Sinai Desert and through Mitla Pass, and to write an article about the experience for the Egyptian press (The Sphynx magazine). His wife was the first woman to drive through Sinai. <mask> recognized the special crafts that were part of the Palestine agricultural economy, such as wool products, copper cooking pans, pottery, goat-hair ropes, and reed mats. He created courses for teachers to include weaving, pottery, drawing, and woodwork.He set up a costume museum for display of the fine traditional clothing, which was fast disappearing in favor of modern clothes. He encouraged the skills of traditional garment makers, which were declining. He befriended musicians and was largely responsible for the formation of the Palestine Conservatory of Music, for which he was named the first Chairman in 1933. The music students gave many concerts including performances at the Government House of the High Commissioner. <mask> was also involved with the reorganization of the Bezalel School of Art in Jerusalem. During WW2, government priorities changed and <mask> was Controller of Light Industries. This work was focused on ensuring that the country produced as many of its own essentials as possible.After the war, <mask> was deeply saddened by the Arab-Jewish rift because he knew that each community had skills and ideas that could interest and benefit the other. He hated to see his work in this field move backward. <mask> worked with town planner C.R. Ashbee on the restoration of Jerusalem after the war, in 1918. Painting
<mask> was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 1916. Works of <mask> including paintings and drawings of Egypt, Palestine, Jordan, France, Italy and Britain, were shown at the Edinburgh Festival 1986 at the Calton Gallery in Edinburgh. Among the works shown were "Boatman, Damietta, Cairo," 1927 oil on canvas; "Fountain Court, Jaffa," 1947 oil on canvas; and "Feast of the Nebi Musa (Shrine of Moses), Jerico," 1933 Gouache."Feast of the Nebi Musa" was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1938, No. 882. His works include scenes of life in Egypt, Palestine, and Jordan between 1914 and 1947, as well as paintings created during expeditions to Italy, Spain, Cyprus, England, Scotland, and France from 1907 until 1953. One of his paintings, "Men of the Trees in Palestine," was included in the "Palestine Poster Project Archives." In 1948, <mask> retired to High Wycombe where he concentrated on his painting. He renewed his association with the Bradford Arts Club and was an art critic for The Yorkshire Herald. He had started to exhibit at Bradford's Cartwright Hall as early as 1906, both with the Arts Club and in his own right in The Bradford Spring Exhibition, a selected annual exhibition which showed the best of mainstream contemporary art.The titles of his pictures chart his move from typical Yorkshire subjects to the people and architecture of Palestine, along with the high-keyed oils and watercolors of his European trips. He effortlessly moved from portraiture to landscape, still life, and townscapes. <mask> continued painting until his death at High Wycombe in 1953. Life impact
An obituary was written by Keith Roach, a District Commissioner in Palestine, which included:
"To the glassmakers of Hebron he introduced better methods of firing; to the weavers of Majdal he showed how their work could be improved by better looms; to the potters of Gaza and Ramallah he suggested fresh designs, and by himself turning out new types on the wheel, increased their sales. The workmen were astonished at his knowledge and skill, and admitted that he knew more of their craft than they did themselves. His colloquial Arabic, which never quite lost its Yorkshire burr, was readily understood, and with teachers and workmen alike he never failed to show patience and courtesy. It is small wonder that respect and admiration quickly developed into friendship and affection..."

<mask>'s daughters Jean and Anne, and his granddaughter Niki <mask>, have followed in his footsteps as artists.References

1882 births
1953 deaths
20th-century English painters
British artisans
Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts

masks:
William Arnold Stewart
. Stewart
. Stewart
William Stewart
Will Stewart
Will Stewart
John Reich Stewart
) Stewart
Stewart
Will Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Will Stewart
Stewart
Will Stewart
Stewart
Will Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Will Stewart
Will Stewart
Will Stewart
Stewart


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<mask> (25 December 1737 – 18 April 1785) was an early American planter, lawyer and patriot. He represented New Kent County in the House of Burgesses, all five Virginia Revolutionary Conventions, and once in the Virginia House of Delegates before fellow legislators selected him as a judge of what later became known as the Virginia Supreme Court. Early life
<mask> was born on Christmas, 1737 at Chestnut Grove in New Kent County in the Colony of Virginia. He was the fourth child of Col. <mask> and his wife <mask>. His paternal grandfather <mask>. was from Oxfordshire but became a member of the London company of painters. His son (this man's uncle) <mask> was an officer in the Royal Navy who emigrated to Virginia and became a merchant and planter by 1715, owning Elsing Green plantation in King William County after his marriage, as well as a wharf in Hampton and a merchant ship. Capt.<mask> became a friend of Virginia governor Alexander Spottswood, who appointed him to the Governor's Council and also commissioned him to survey the boundary between Virginia and North Carolina; one son and one daughter of each family married into the other. His maternal great-grandfather, Rowland Jones, was the first rector of now historic Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg, the colony's capital for most of this man's life. His maternal grandfather, Orlando Jones represented King William County for several terms in the House of Burgesses. Meanwhile, this man's father, <mask> followed his brother to the Virginia colony and became clerk of New Kent County in 1730, which position he held until his death in 1756. <mask> also served as an officer in the local militia and operated a plantation called Chestnut Grove about four miles away, using enslaved labor. <mask> had elder brothers <mask> (1737-1749) and <mask> (1734-1776), but probably his most important sibling was his eldest sister, Martha, who later became the first First Lady of the United States. <mask> received a private education suitable to his class.His father died in Fredericksburg in August 1756 while visiting his niece and her husband, Col. John Spottswood, when <mask> was 19 years old, just under legal age. Marriage and personal life
<mask> married twice. Although the name of his first wife is lost, their daughter Anne married <mask> Claiborne, and their daughter Elizabeth married William Langhorne. <mask>'s second wife was Mary Burbridge, the daughter of Julius King Burbridge, who had in 1744 purchased from Mann Page's estate the 3,407-acre Pamocra estate which by 1768 was within the redrawn New Kent County. In 1782, <mask> paid taxes on the land, where his lived with his wife and family, which included Burbridge's widow, who may have held a life estate. Mary and <mask>s had seven children, of whom four were sons (John, <mask>, William and Julius) and three daughters (Martha, Mary and Frances). Their eldest daughter Martha married Dr. William Halyburton of Scotland, and their son was Judge <mask> Halyburton.Their daughter Mary married John Willison, and Frances married George W.H. Minge. John (1758-1799) became a lawyer and would also serve as in the Virginia House of Delegates; he might have died at Pamocra, but also practiced law in Charles City County, where his wife Rebecca Jones Minge, came from, and their daughter Lucy married J.W. Murdaugh of Williamsburg. Their son, also named John, was living at Pamocra in 1813, but planned to travel elsewhere. Complicating matters, this generation of Dandridges also included two men named <mask>. Judge <mask>'s son, <mask> Jr. never married, but became the private secretary of his uncle President George Washington, then a diplomat, dying as consul in war-torn Haiti in 1802.Complicating matters, his cousin <mask> (1760-1803), son of his uncle <mask>, married Elizabeth Clayton (daughter of Col. William Clayton who served as a legislator with his father), and after her death married the only daughter of Major William Armistead of New Kent County, Susan Baker Armistead, who bore a son <mask> (d. 1829) who eventually became the Clerk of New Kent County, after being partly raised by his stepfather David Dorrington. That Bartolomeo <mask> may have lived with 9 Blacks in 1810, and lived with four free Colored people in 1820. Career
<mask> studied law and quickly made an outstanding reputation, as well as operated his mother-in-law's and wife's estate using enslaved labor. New Kent County voters elected him as one of their representatives to the House of Burgesses in 1772 and re-elected him two years later. However, dissatisfaction with British policy was growing, and when Virginia's royal governor, Lord Dunmore, suppressed the legislature in 1775, <mask> and fellow planter Burwell Bassett (with whom he had served in the House of Burgesses) were elected as the county's representatives to the first four Virginia Revolutionary Conventions; <mask> served on the fifth Revolutionary Convention alongside Col. William Clayton, whom he had succeeded in 1772. His political influence was such that on August 17, 1775 <mask> came within one vote of being elected to the statewide Committee of Safety that governed the Commonwealth for the next ten months, and the next session elected him to the Committe of Privileges and Elections. <mask> helped to draft both the resolution dissolving the relationship with Great Britain and the Virginia Declaration of Rights.On June 29, 1776 he was elected to the Council of State, which held administrative powers as well as advised Governor Patrick Henry, but <mask> resigned that position to attend family business on January 8, 1778. Although <mask> did not serve in the first session of the Virginia House of Delegates, he won election as one of New Kent County's delegates in 1778. Meanwhile, a planter cousin, <mask>, son of his late uncle Capt. <mask>, represented Hanover County for several terms. On May 29, 1778, fellow legislators elected <mask> to the General Court, and the following year created a new Court of Appeals, which consisted of the judges of the General Court, Court of Admiralty and the High Court of Chancery. Thus, <mask> became a judge on what in modern times is the Supreme Court of Virginia. The Court of Appeals first met in the spring of 1779, although <mask> first took his seat on March 29, 1780.He participated in Commonwealth v. Caton wherein some judges enunciated the principle of judicial review, but Judge <mask> declined to express an opinion on that issue. Judge <mask> remained on the Court until his death in 1785. Death and legacy
<mask> and his mother died within several days of one another in April 1785. His sister, Martha Washington received notice of both deaths in the same dispatch. <mask>'s will left his Rockhock plantation to his wife Mary, and his eldest son John received land in Doctor's Swamp as well as a Mill and Grist Mill on Diascund Creek. His sons Julius, <mask> and William received lands in North Carolina purchased from Patrick Henry. <mask> also provided for his mother and mother-in-law in his will.<mask> also manumitted two slaves, gave his daughter Anna Claiborne one negro and another to his granddaughter Elizabeth Dandride Claiborne, and divided the rest of his slaves among his children by his wife Mary, who had a life estate in them. The problem was that the judge's slaves were mortgaged because <mask> was financially embarrassed following the American Revolutionary War. Therefore, his brother-in-law, General (later President) George Washington took 33 slaves as payment for a loan he had made from <mask> Washington's property in 1765, and lent them back (without charge) to <mask>'s widow Mary so she could support their children on what had been a family plantation. The late President specifically mentioned freeing the Dandridge slaves in his will, but delayed such until the widow's death. <mask> would follow in his father's career path, including representing New Kent County in the Virginia House of Delegates beginning in 1788. His brother Julius Burbridge <mask> (1770-1828) became a banker in Richmond, which had become the state capital, first clerking at the Bank of Virginia, then became the cashier at the Richmond Branch of the Second Bank of the United States, but was accused of misfeasance, and a lawsuit against his sureties reached the Supreme Court of the United States before being settled after his accidental death. References
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="DVB">

1737 births
1785 deaths
House of Burgesses members
members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Justices of the Virginia Supreme Court
Dandridge family of Virginia
People from New Kent County, Virginia
British North American Anglicans
American planters
18th-century American politicians
American people of English descent
Virginia lawyers

masks:
Bartholomew Dandridge
Dandridge
John Dandridge
Frances Jones Dandridge
John Dandridge Sr
William Dandridge
Dandridge
John Dandridge
John Dandridge
Bartholomew
John Dandridge
William Dandridge
Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Dandridge
William Dandridge
Bartholomew Dandridge
Bartholomew Dandridge
Bartholomew Dandridge
Bartholomew
James Dandridge
Bartholomew
Bartholomew Dandridge
Bartholomew Dandridge
Bartholomew Dandridge
William Dandridge
Bartholomew Dandridge
Dandridge
Bartholomew Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
William Dandridge
William Dandridge
Bartholomew Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Dandridge
Bartholomew
Judge Dandridge
Judge Dandridge
Dandridge
Martha Dandridge
Dandridge
John Dandridge
Dandridge


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Paul-<mask> (4 December 1930 – 28 December 2020) was a German composer and academic teacher. Based in East Berlin, he focused on chamber music, with many works inspired by poetry. His works were performed earlier in the West than in the East. He was an influential composer of contemporary music in Germany who taught internationally, including in the United States, Israel, and Korea. Life and career
Born in Gornsdorf, Saxony, on 4 December 1930, <mask> studied composition with Fidelio F. Finke and conducting with Günther Ramin at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig from 1951 to 1956. He was choral conductor with the FDGB Ensemble in Weimar until 1960. He studied further as a master student with Rudolf Wagner-Régeny at the Akademie der Künste in East Berlin from 1958 until 1960.He then worked as an assistant at the Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler" in Berlin. In 1976, he was dismissed because he refused to compromise with the Communist regime. He turned to freelance composition. In 1979, <mask> was granted the title professor at the Hanns Eisler Hochschule in Berlin, but taught only from 1990. In 1981, he was scholar-in-residence at the Bellagio Center in Italy. In 1983, he was the first composer from the GDR to receive a commission from the Donaueschingen Festival. In 1984 he stayed at the IRCAM, invited by Pierre Boulez and the Sorbonne in Paris.From 1983 to 1991, he trained master students at the Akademie der Künste, including Klaus Martin Kopitz, Hannes Zerbe, Annette Schlünz and Péter Kőszeghy. In 1991, he founded the Brandenburg Colloquium New Music at the Musikakademie Rheinsberg, of which he was artistic director. <mask> held guest professorships at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg on an invitation by Klaus Huber (1978), the Arnold Schönberg-Institut in Los Angeles and the University of California, San Diego (1980), the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln in Heimbach (1988–89), the Samuel Rubin Academy Tel Aviv and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1990), and the Daegu University in South Korea, in Moscow and Saint Petersburg (1992). <mask> was a member of the Akademie der Künste from 1983, and of the Sächsische Akademie der Künste in Dresden from 1989. He corresponded with personalities such as , Burkhard Glaetzner, Vinko Globokar, Sofia Gubaidulina, Hans Peter Haller, Hans Werner Henze, Heinz Holliger, Herbert Kegel, Marek Kopelent, Aurèle Nicolet, Luigi Nono, Heinrich Schiff and Karlheinz Stockhausen. A comprehensive archive is located at the Akademie der Künste in Berlin. <mask> is considered one of the most influential composers of contemporary music in Germany.Some of his music can be considered to fall within the serialist tradition. He composed works for orchestra and chamber music, cantatas and Lieder. The Kammermusik (chamber music) pieces I (with tape), III (with voice), V (with live electronics), VII Die Blinden (with 5 speakers) and XI Journal de poèmes were commissioned by the . Many of his works were inspired by poetry, including works by Paul Celan, Heiner Müller and Arthur Rimbaud. In general, the words are not set as a vocal part but influence the work's structure. In Streichtrio nach dem Gedicht "Tübingen, Jänner" von Paul Celan, <mask> instructs in the score that the Celan poem should neither be read nor printed in the programme. <mask> also wrote staged works that set texts by Samuel Beckett, James Joyce, Franz Kafka and Heiner Müller.Some of his music, such as Concert avec plusieurs instruments and Kammermusik, mixes electronic instruments or tape with conventional instruments and voice. In 1995, he supplied one of the 14 movements of the Requiem of Reconciliation in commemoration of 50 years after the end of World War II. On the occasion of <mask>'s 80th birthday, a concert dedicated to his works was held including the German premiere of Der Glücklose Engel for soprano and ensemble, setting texts by Heiner Müller and composed in 1997, and works from the 1970s and the 1990s. In 2014, the Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin performed <mask>'s compositions Kammermusik VII on the theme Die Blinden by Maurice Maeterlinck from 1984 and Kafig-Musik from 1986 based on the story Die Verwandlung by Franz Kafka. <mask> died in Berlin at the age of 90. Awards

 1972: Prize for composition of the , Switzerland
 1975: Honorary Prize at the Composition Competition of the Italian Society for New Music
 1976: Composition Prize at the International Competition in Trieste
 1976: Prize of the International Rostrum of Composers of the UNESCO in Paris
 1978: Hanns Eisler Prize of the radio of the GDR

 1988: National Prize of the German Democratic Republic for art and literature, class III
 1990: Prize of the Berlin Music Critics

References

Further reading
 Bettina Brand: Paul-Heinz <mask>. In Komponisten der Gegenwart (KDG).Edition Text & Kritik, München 1996, . <mask>, Prof. Paul-Heinz. In Wilfried W. Bruchhäuser: Komponisten der Gegenwart im Deutschen Komponisten-Interessenverband. Ein Handbuch. 4th edition, Deutscher Komponisten-Interessenverband, Berlin 1995, , . Ditrich, Paul-Heinz. In Brockhaus Riemann Musiklexikon.CD-Rom, Directmedia Publishing, Berlin 2004, , pp. 12208 ff. Paul-<mask>. In Peter Hollfelder: Geschichte der Klaviermusik. Vol 1, Noetzel, Wilhelmshaven 1989, , . <mask>, Paul-Heinz. In Axel Schniederjürgen (ed.): Kürschners Musiker-Handbuch. 5th edition, K. G. Saur Verlag, Munich 2006, , . Stefan Beyer: Der Komponist Paul-Heinz <mask>. Studien zu "Areae sonantes" (1973) für Orchester, Staatsexamensarbeit (Ms, 120 Seiten), Leipzig 2008. Unpublished. Hermann Neef: Der Beitrag der Komponisten Friedrich Goldmann, Friedrich Schenker, Paul-Heinz <mask> and Thomas Heyn zur ästhetischen Diskussion der Gattung Oper in der DDR seit 1977. Dissertation, Halle 1989

External links

 Paul-Heinz Dittrich Academy of Arts, Berlin
 Paul-Heinz Dittrich Archiv Zeitgenössischer Komponisten of the Saxon State and University Library Dresden
 Paul-Heinz Dittrich Universal Edition
 Works by Paul-Heinz Dittrich Breitkopf & Härtel

1930 births
2020 deaths
Musicians from Saxony
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
20th-century German composers
21st-century German composers
Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin faculty
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin

masks:
Heinz Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Heinz Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich
Dittrich


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<mask> (née Griffin, October 23, 1928 – July 3, 2019) was an American international expert on weather and aviation who worked for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Weather Service and the Atomic Energy Commission. She was the first African-American woman to earn a degree in meteorology and was the first female TV meteorologist trained in the field of meteorology in the United States. Early life and education
Bacon-Bercey was born and raised in Wichita, Kansas in 1928. Her father was an attorney and her mother a music teacher. Her father died when she was young, and her mother remarried and moved to Florida, leaving her to be raised by an aunt and uncle. She was an only child that enjoyed bike riding, hiking, playing the piano, and participating in Girl Scouts activities. A high school physics teacher is credited for noticing Bacon-Bercey’s interest in water displacement and buoyancy and encouraging her to pursue a career in meteorology.She first attended a private college close to home with an intent to major in math, but she left Friends University after two years to pursue a degree in meteorology. She then attended and earned her bachelor's degree in 1954 from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), which at that time was one of the few schools in the nation to offer a four-year degree in atmospheric science. She faced opposition and discouragement in her pursuit of her meteorology degree, as she stated during a 1977 interview for a Baltimore Sun article, "When I chose my major, my adviser, who is still at U.C.L.A., advised me to go into home economics... I got a D in home economics and an A in thermodynamics.” Bacon-Bercey became the first African American woman to be conferred a meteorology degree from UCLA. She earned a Masters of Public Administration (MPA) from the Journalism School of University of Southern California in 1979. At the age of 59, she earned a teaching credential to be able to serve as a county relief teacher for elementary and high school math and science courses until she was in her 80s, with her last assignments at Westmoor High School in Daly City, California. Career
Shortly after graduation, Bacon-Bercey moved to Washington DC for a position as a weather analyst and forecaster with the National Meteorological Center, now known as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.Bacon-Bercey continued her career as an engineer, when she worked for the Sperry Corporation, then worked for a variety of federal organizations including the United States Atomic Energy Commission. She accepted a position as a senior adviser at the Atomic Energy Commission in 1959 because of her interests to better understand the effects of hydrogen and atomic bombs on Earth’s atmosphere. While in this role, she studied fallout patterns caused by nuclear detonations. In the 1960s, Bacon-Bercey rejoined NOAA in its New York City offices as a radar meteorologist. In 1971, she joined WGR-TV as a news reporter, in which role she covered the Attica Prison riot. In 1972, she became the station's on-air meteorologist after the previous meteorologist was arrested for bank robbery. She quickly became the station's chief meteorologist.Beginning in 1979, Bacon-Bercey spent nearly ten years as the chief administrator for Television Weather Activities at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and worked on a number of other projects. Increasing the participation of African-American women in meteorology and geophysical science was a major focus for Bacon-Bercey. In 1978, she published an analysis of African-American meteorologists in the US. She had won $64,000 as a contestant on The $128,000 Question in 1977, which she used to establish a scholarship fund for young women interested in atmospheric sciences, administered by the American Geophysical Union (AGU). From 1978-1990, 13 women (12 graduate students, 1 undergraduate student) received $400-$500 of scholarship money from AGU's June Bacon-Bercey Scholarship in Atmospheric Sciences for Women. This scholarship is restarting in 2021. Bacon-Bercey served on the AGU's Committee on Women and Minorities in Atmospheric Sciences, and co-founded the American Meteorological Society's Board on Women and Minorities.Warren M. Washington is another founding member of the AWS Board on Women and Minorities. In addition, she served on the board of directors of the National Consortium for Black Professional Development. In 2006, Bacon-Bercey was featured in a book for young people, <mask>-Bercey: a meteorologist talks about the weather. Honors

Bacon-Bercey was the first woman, as well as the first African-American, to be awarded the American Meteorological Society's Seal of Approval for excellence in television weathercasting when she was working at WGR in Buffalo, New York in the 1970s. In 2000, she was honored during a three-day conference at Howard University for her contributions including: helping to establish a meteorology lab at Jackson State University in Mississippi, her endowment of the scholarship, and her work in California's public schools. Bacon-Bercey was also named a Minority Pioneer for Achievement in Atmospheric Sciences by NASA. Personal life
Bacon-Bercey was married three times to Walker Bacon Jr., John Bercey and George Brewer.She had two daughters, Dawn-Marie and Dail. Bacon-Bercey died under hospice care in Burlingame, California from frontotemporal dementia on July 3, 2019 at the age of 90. Her death was announced six months later. References

American meteorologists
Jackson State University people
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration personnel
2019 deaths
1928 births
20th-century American scientists
21st-century American scientists
21st-century American women scientists
20th-century American women scientists
University of Southern California alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Scientists from Kansas
People from Wichita, Kansas
Women meteorologists
American television meteorologists
American television journalists
American women television journalists
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American scientists
21st-century African-American women

masks:
June Esther Bacon Bercey
June Bacon