text_chunks:
 accused Garvey Schubert Barer, a Wall Street law firm, of failing to "employ the requisite knowledge and skill necessary to confront the circumstances of the case." Corporate positions
 G-Unity Foundation Inc. – Founder
 SMS Audio – CEO, founder
 SK Energy – Founder
 SMS Promotions – CEO, founder
 Sire Spirits – Owner
 Effen Vodka – former minority shareholder

Personal life
On October 13, 1996, Jackson's girlfriend, Shaniqua Tompkins, gave birth to son Marquise Jackson. Tompkins later sued Jackson for $50 million, saying he promised to take care of her for life. The suit, with 15 causes of action, was dismissed by a judge who called it "an unfortunate tale of a love relationship gone sour."The two have bickered for years, and have even taken their feud to social media many times. Marquise's birth changed Jackson's outlook on life: "When my son came into my life, my priorities changed, because I wanted to have the relationship with him that I didn't have with my father". He credited his son for inspiring his career and being the "motivation to go in a different direction". Despite this, the two have endured a fractured relationship that began when Jackson and Tompkins separated in 2008. Their feud has been taken to social media numerous times, including in 2020 when Jackson disclosed that he "used to" love his son. Jackson has a tattooed "Marquise" with an axe on his right biceps ("The axe is 'cause I'm a warrior. I don't want him to be one, though"), and has "50", "Southside" and "Cold World" on his back: "I'm a product of that environment.It's on my back, though, so it's all behind me". Jackson dated model Daphne Joy and had his second son, Sire Jackson, with her, on September 1, 2012. At the age of two years, Sire modeled for Kidz Safe, a headphone brand for kids, earning $700,000 through his contract. In 2005, Jackson supported President George W. Bush after rapper Kanye West criticized Bush for a slow response to the victims of Hurricane Katrina. If his felony convictions did not prevent him from voting, he said, he would have voted for the president. Jackson later said that Bush "has less compassion than the average human. By all means, I don't aspire to be like George Bush."In September 2007, he told Time that although he would not endorse a candidate in 2008, he "liked Hillary [Clinton]". Six months later, the rapper told MTV News that he had switched his support to Barack Obama after hearing him speak, but had lost interest in politics.MTV News, "50 cent Flip-flops: From Clinton to Obama," March 28, 2008 Asked his opinion of President Obama's May 9, 2012 endorsement of gay marriage, Jackson said, "I'm for it ... I've encouraged same-sex activities. I've engaged in fetish areas a couple times." He had been criticized for anti-gay comments in the past.Mariel Concepcion, GLAAD Calls Out 50 Cent For Anti-Gay Tweet , Billboard, September 10, 2010

Despite having numerous songs that reference drug and alcohol usage, Jackson remains teetotal, citing a bad experience with alcohol as his main reason.Forbes noted Jackson's wealth in 2007, ranking him second behind Jay-Z in the rap industry. He lives in a Farmington, Connecticut, mansion formerly owned by ex-boxer Mike Tyson, listing it for sale at $18.5 million to move closer to his son (who lives on Long Island with his ex-girlfriend). The mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut declared October 12, 2007 "50 Cent Curtis Jackson Day", honoring the rapper with a proclamation and a key to the city.One of Jackson's New York homes, purchased in January 2007 for $2.4 million and the center of a lawsuit between Jackson and Shaniqua Tompkins, caught fire on May 31, 2008 while he was filming in Louisiana. In December 2008, he told the Canadian press that he had lost several million dollars in the stock market and, unable to sell his Connecticut mansion, had postponed Before I Self-Destruct because of the economic downturn. Jackson won a lawsuit in November 2009 against Taco Bell over the fast-food chain's use of his name without permission. In 2016, regarding a public feud with rapper Meek Mill, he commented, "You know, he's really not that bright. The easiest thing you can do is bring other people into the statements you're saying, right, while you're writing music." Jackson endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election. He rejected an offer of $500,000 from the Trump campaign to make an appearance on the candidate's behalf.However, he endorsed Donald Trump in 2020, due to his dislike of Joe Biden's tax plans. A week later, he retracted his endorsement, saying on Twitter "Fu*k Donald Trump, I never liked him", and endorsed Biden. Legal issues, Drugs and assault convictions
On June 29, 1994, Jackson was arrested for selling four vials of cocaine to an undercover police officer. He was arrested again three weeks later, when police searched his home and found heroin, ten ounces of crack cocaine and a starter's pistol. Although Jackson was sentenced to three to nine years in prison, he served six months in a boot camp (where he earned his high-school equivalency diploma). According to him, he did not use cocaine. Jackson and four members of his entourage were arrested shortly before 2 a.m. on December 31, 2002, when police found a .25-caliber handgun and a .45-caliber pistol in a parked car (which they searched due to its tinted windows) outside a Manhattan nightclub.The rapper was charged with two counts of criminal possession of a weapon. Jackson was sentenced to two years' probation on July 22, 2005 for a May 2004 incident, when he was charged with three counts of assault and battery after jumping into an audience when he was hit by a water bottle. Lawsuits

Use of image
Jackson filed a lawsuit against an advertising company, Traffix of Pearl River, New York, on July 21, 2007, for using his image in a promotion he said threatened his safety. He was alerted by a staff member to an Internet advertisement on a Myspace page. According to court documents, the advertisement had a cartoon image of the rapper with "Shoot the rapper and you will win $5000 or five ring tones guaranteed". Although the ad did not use his name, the image allegedly resembled him and suggested that he endorsed the product. The lawsuit, calling the ad a "vile, tasteless and despicable" use of Jackson's image which "quite literally call[ed] for violence against him", sought unspecified punitive damages and a permanent injunction against the use of his image without permission.50 Cent Sues over 'Shoot the Rapper'.Fox News (July 20, 2007). Retrieved December 17, 2015. Use of name
In 2008, Jackson sued Taco Bell over an ad campaign in which it invited him to change his name for one day from 50 Cent to 79 Cent, 89 Cent, or 99 Cent, in line with pricing for some of its items, and they would donate $10,000 to the charity of his choice. The case was settled out of court. Janitor incident
While walking through Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport in May 2016, Jackson harassed and insulted a janitor at the airport, accusing him of being under the influence. The janitor was a hearing-impaired, autistic teenager named Andrew Farrell. The parents of the janitor had seen the viral video as disrespect and wanted to sue Jackson for his action against their child.The lawsuit was originally over one million dollars, but the parents settled for a $100,000 donation to Autism Speaks and his apology. Bamba sample
In 2016, a judge declared that Brandon Parrott gave Dr. Dre and 50 Cent the rights to "Bamba" for the song "P.I.M.P." Other civil and criminal matters
One of his New York homes, purchased for $2.4 million in January 2007 and the center of a lawsuit between Jackson and Shaniqua Tompkins, caught fire on May 30, 2008 while he was filming in Louisiana. On August 5, 2013, Jackson pleaded not guilty to one count of domestic violence and four counts of vandalism in a Los Angeles County court. If convicted of all charges, he faced up to five years in prison and a $46,000 fine. Model-actress Daphne Joy accused Jackson of kicking her and ransacking her bedroom during an argument at her condominium in the Toluca Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles on June 23. He allegedly caused $7,100 in property damage, leaving the scene before police arrived.Judge Ann Nevins has ordered Jackson back to court because of Instagram messages he made over several months. She said Jackson was not fully clear about his funds and indicated posts of the rapper showing stacks of his money. In March 2016, Jackson claimed that he would no longer use Instagram, electing instead to have his profile page operated by someone else. In 2020, Jackson was a subject of controversy for his involvement in a viral video of him giving money to a Burger King restaurant in New York City on behalf of a local scammer who was later arrested and charged for Bitcoin scamming and for assaulting and kidnapping his victims on April 24, 2021. Feuds

Ja Rule
Before he signed with Interscope Records, Jackson engaged in a public dispute with rapper Ja Rule and his label, Murder Inc. Records, saying that a friend robbed jewelry from Ja Rule and the latter accused him of orchestrating the robbery. Ja Rule said that the conflict stemmed from a Queens video shoot, when Jackson did not like seeing him "getting so much love" from the neighborhood. At The Hit Factory in New York in March 2000, Jackson had an altercation with Murder Inc. associates and received three stitches for a stab wound.Smith, Dominic (July 2005).50 Cent Interview. FHM. Retrieved July 11, 2007. Rapper Black Child claimed responsibility for the stabbing, saying that he acted in self-defense when he thought someone reached for a gun. An affidavit by an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) agent suggested ties between Murder Inc. and Kenneth "Supreme" McGriff, a New York drug lord suspected of involvement in the murder of Jam Master Jay and Jackson's shooting. An excerpt read:

The end of the Jackson-Ja Rule feud was confirmed in May 2011. According to Ja Rule, "I'm cool.We ain't beefing no more. We'll never collaborate. That's just what it is. You don't have to be at war with somebody, but it's also kind of like U.S. and another country that they may not get along with. We don't gotta go to war, but we're not friends either. But we can coincide inside of a world. He's doing him, and he's not thinking about me, and I'm doing me and I'm not thinking about him."On August 7, 2015, the feud between the two rappers later reignited when Ja Rule gave a feedback to a social follower via Twitter over a similar feud between Meek Mill and Drake. Enraged, Jackson later responded with photos and comments via Instagram, only siding with Drake. The feud resurfaced three years later on January 19, 2018, when Ja Rule took to Twitter, calling out <mask> Cent on social media. <mask> Cent responded by purchasing and vacating the first four rows of his concert. The Game
Although Jackson was close to The Game before the latter released his debut album, The Documentary, they grew apart. After The Documentarys release, Jackson felt that The Game was disloyal for saying that he did not want to participate in G-Unit's feuds with other rappers (such as Nas, Jadakiss and Fat Joe) and his desire to work with artists with which G-Unit was feuding. He said that he wrote six songs for the album and did not receive proper credit, which The Game denied.Jackson later dismissed The Game from G-Unit on Hot 97. After the announcement, The Game (a guest earlier in the evening) tried to enter the building with his entourage. After they were denied entry, one of his associates was shot in the leg in a confrontation with a group of men leaving the building.Hope, Clover (March 2, 2005). 50 Cent Cancels New York Appearance amid Shooting Inquiry . AllHipHop. Retrieved July 20, 2007. When the situation escalated, the rappers held a joint press conference announcing their reconciliation, and fans were uncertain if the rappers had staged a publicity stunt to boost sales of their recently released albums.After the situation cooled, G-Unit criticized The Game's street credibility and announced that they would not appear on his albums. During a Summer Jam performance The Game announced a boycott of G-Unit, which he called "G-Unot". After the Summer Jam performance The Game recorded "300 Bars and Runnin'", an extended "diss" of G-Unit and Roc-A-Fella Records, for the mixtape You Know What It Is Vol. 3. Jackson responded with his "Piggy Bank" music video, with The Game as Mr. Potato Head and parodies of other rivals. They have continued attacking each other, with The Game releasing two more mixtapes: Ghost Unit and a mixtape-DVD, Stop Snitchin, Stop Lyin.Jackson superimposed The Game's head on the body of a male stripper for the cover of the Hate It or Love It (G-Unit Radio Part 21) mixtape in response to The Game's pictures of G-Unit dressed as the Village People. The Game, under contract to Aftermath Entertainment, signed with Geffen Records to terminate his contractual obligations with G-Unit (although it is claimed that Jackson pressured Dr. Dre to fire him). G-Unit member Spider Loc has insulted The Game in songs, and the latter released "240 Bars (Spider Joke)" and "100 Bars (The Funeral)" attacking G-Unit and Loc. Jackson's response was "Not Rich, Still Lyin'", mocking The Game. Lloyd Banks replied to the Game on a Rap City freestyle-booth segment, followed by a Game "diss" song ("SoundScan") ridiculing the 13-position drop of Banks' album Rotten Apple on the Billboard 200 chart and its disappointing second-week sales. Banks replied on his mixtape Mo' Money In The Bank Pt. 5: Gang Green Season Continues with "Showtime (The Game's Over)", said that Jackson wrote half of The Documentary and ridiculed The Game's suicidal thoughts.In October 2006, The Game made a peace overture (which was not immediately answered) to Jackson, but two days later he said on Power 106 that the peace offer was valid for only one day. In several songs on Doctor's Advocate, he implied that the feud was over. He said in July 2009 that the feud had ended with help from Michael Jackson and Diddy, and apologized for his actions. According to Tony Yayo, neither Jackson nor G-Unit accepted his apology and The Game has resumed his calls for a "G-Unot" boycott at concerts. Jackson released "So Disrespectful" on Before I Self Destruct, targeting Jay-Z, The Game and Young Buck. The Game responded with "Shake", poking fun at the music video for Jackson's "Candy Shop". On August 1, 2016, <mask> Cent ended his twelve-year feud with The Game when the two were in the Ace of Diamonds Strip Club and The Game said "What happened, that shit was 12 years ago."Rick Ross
Although Rick Ross began a feud with Jackson over an alleged incident at the 2008 BET Hip Hop Awards, Jackson told news sources he did not remember seeing Ross there. Later that month Ross' "Mafia Music" was leaked on the Internet, with lyrics apparently disparaging Jackson. Several days later, Jackson released "Officer Ricky (Go Head, Try Me)" in response to "Mafia Music". The following day, Ross appeared on Shade 45 (Eminem's Sirius channel) and told Jackson to come up with something better in 24 hours. Before leaving for Venezuela, Jackson uploaded a video ("Warning Shot") and the first of a series of "Officer Ricky" cartoons. In early February he uploaded a YouTube video in which he interviewed "Tia", the mother of one of Ross' children; according to her, Ross is in reality a correctional officer. On February 5, 2009, The Game phoned Seattle radio station KUBE.Asked about the dispute between Jackson and Ross, he sided with Jackson and offered to mediate: "Rick Ross, holla at your boy, man" and "50 eating you, boy." On his album Deeper Than Rap, Ross refers to Jackson in "In Cold Blood" and Jackson's mock funeral is part of the song's video. When the song was released, Ross said that he ended Jackson's career. "Rick Ross is Albert From CB4. You ever seen the movie? He's Albert," Jackson replied in an interview. "It never gets worse than this.You get a guy that was a correctional officer come out and base his entire career on writing material from a drug dealer's perspective such as "Freeway" Ricky Ross." Their feud rekindled at the 2012 BET Hip Hop Awards, where Jackson and G-Unit members Kidd Kidd, Mike Knox, Tony Yayo were seen on video attacking Gunplay (a member of Ross' Maybach Music Group). Gunplay's Maybach Music diamond necklace was stolen during the brawl, and several days later Jackson appeared at a Washington, D.C. bowling alley wearing Gunplay's chain. On January 30, 2013, Jackson tweeted that Ross' attempted drive-by shooting on his birthday three days earlier was "staged". On August 9, 2020, <mask> Cent and Rick Ross ended


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1966) is a Russian born conceptual artist living and working in Paris, France. Biography
<mask> was born in Buy, Kostroma Oblast, a small town in North-Western Russia. He served in the Soviet Army for two years from 1985-7 transporting missiles across Siberia. He later graduated from the Architecture and Interior design department at the Stroganov Moscow State University of Arts and Industry in 1992. Work and career
<mask>'s practise comprises drawing, sculpture and installation. His drawings are made in ball-point pen, an implement that references his experiences in the Soviet Military "where soldiers would receive two Bics a day to write letters", they are often "laboriously drawn replicas of mass-media images". His sculptures and installations often employ materials techniques and practices common in engineering "<mask> creates a complex mechanical system consisting of air compressors, cast-iron pumps, and plastic tubing" that pump liquids (most commonly blood and/or crude oil) around hollowed perspex replicas of sculptures and architecture, as well as politically loaded words and phrases.According to Douglas Rogers, author of 'The Depths of Russia: Oil, Power and Culture After Socialism', "His [<mask>] work draws attention to the technical systems that channel political and economic configurations and to the ways in which words, concepts and spaces can be colored, inflected, shaped and filled by their associations with oil." In 2009 <mask> was invited to participate in the Russian Pavilion of the 53rd Venice Bienale, the exhibition was named 'Victory Over The Future'. For the Pavilion <mask> submitted his 2009 work 'Le Rouge et le Noir', a multimedia installation that featured a two hollow acrylic block replicas of the statue of  Nike of Samothrace, a Hellenistic sculpture on permanent display at the Louvre depicting Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. The installation featured the blood of a Russian soldier and veteran of the Chechen War being mixed, using a system of pumps, with Chechen oil inside the cavities of the blocks. The piece was deemed too controversial leading to the pavilion's curator removing the description of the piece from display. A 2013 exhibition by <mask> in the Void Gallery in Derry entitled 'Catholic Blood'  was created specifically for the context of Derry and Northern Ireland. 'Catholic Blood' tapped into contentious historical divides in Ireland, as its subject is based in the Catholic Relief Act of 1829 and a particular clause of the British constitution that reportedly forbids any MP from advising the sovereign on ecclesiastical matters if they are of the Catholic faith, though this was disputed by Dr Bob Morris, an expert in constitutional affairs at University College London.<mask> correctly asserted, "Yes, but there have been no Catholic prime ministers, perhaps when we talk about it we will get one." The work was controversial in its choice of materials which consisted of blood donated by local Catholics, a specification that was met with resistance. The project required the participation of the public, thirty-six people came forward to donate their blood, including the son of a Catholic Priest. The piece was constructed from hollowed acrylic blocks, mirroring the rose window of the Palace of Westminster. A pharmaceutical fridge contained samples of donated human blood and an industrial compressor pumped this blood through the cavity of the rose window in the acrylic block. This was simultaneously filmed and projected onto the gallery walls. <mask>, reflecting on the exhibition and the vociferous reaction, stated: "Some people were angry that I hadn't used both Catholic and Protestant blood.They felt cheated that I had only chosen to use Catholic blood. It was never my intention to mix religions - the intensity is in the separation. He currently lives and works between the French capital, Paris, and Maubourguet in Southern France. His work is held in a number of significant public and private collections, including the Tate national collection. Solo exhibitions

2014
Transformer No.M208, Ducal Palace, Genova. 2013
Immigrant Blood, Patricia Dorfmann Gallery, Paris. Catholic Blood, Void Gallery, Londonderry.Post-Utopian Simulacrum, Wooson Gallery, Daegu. Crude, American University Museum, Washington, D.C.

2012
Liquid Black, Museum Villa Stuck, Munich. 2011
Crude, Station Museum of Contemporary Art, Houston. Transformer No.V579, Art Sensus Gallery, London. Sincere, Galleria Pack, Milan. Crude, Art Sensus, London
2010
Absolute Return, Orel Art Gallery, Paris. 2009
<mask>: Liquid Modernity (Grid and Greed), Orel Art Gallery, London.Swiss Passion, Priska Pasquer Gallery, Cologne. Oil Evolution, Daneyal Mahmood Gallery, New York. 2008
Guts à la Russe, Orel Art Gallery, Paris. 2007
Direct From The Pipe, ANNE+ Art Projects, Ivry sur Seine,France. G8, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, Zurich, Switzerland
Sweet Crude American Dream, Daneyal Mahmood Gallery, New York

2006
Cold War II, Orel Art Gallery, Paris
Empire at War, Daneyal Mahmood Gallery, New York
Sweet Crude Eternity, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, Zurich, Switzerland

2005
Sweet crude Eternity, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, New York

2004
Notre Patrimoine, European Parliament, Brussels
Trash resources, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, New York

2003
Love Copyright, Orel Art Presenta Gallery, Paris
Love Copyright, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, New York

2002
Polius, Chapelle Saint-Louis de la Salpêtrière, Orel Art Presenta Gallery, Paris
Carré Noir Gallery, Paris

2001
Novo Novosibirsk, The Marble Palace, Russian State Museum, St. Petersburg
Blue Dream, Freud’s Dream Museum, St. Petersburg

1999
Novo Novosibirsk, Chapelle Saint-Louis de la Salpêtrière, Paris

Literature
<mask>: Post-Utopian Simulacrum, eds. Wooson Gallery, Daegu, 2013. <mask>: Crude, eds.Silvana Editoriale, The Station Museum, Houston, 2013. <mask>: Absolute Return, eds. Silvana Editoriale, Musée d'Art Moderne de Saint-Etienne Métropole, France, 2011. <mask>: Holy Oil, 2010. <mask>: Liquid Modernity, 2009. <mask>: Cold War II, eds. Victor Tupitsyn and Margarita Tupitsyn, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, Zurich, 2007.References

External links
 <mask>-<mask> on re-title.com
 Interview with <mask> in The Times
 BBC feature on Molodkin

20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
21st-century Russian painters
Living people
1966 births

masks:
Andrei Molodkin
Molodkin
Molodkin
Molodkin
Molodkin
Molodkin
Molodkin
Molodkin
Molodkin
Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei
Molodkin
Molodkin


text_chunks:
is a Japanese video game designer, director, producer, and writer. Regarded as an auteur of video games, he developed a strong passion for action/adventure cinema and literature during his childhood and adolescence. In 1986, he was hired by Konami, for which he designed and wrote Metal Gear (1987) for the MSX2, a game that laid the foundations for stealth games and the Metal Gear series, his best known and most appreciated works. He is probably best known for his design work on Metal Gear Solid (1998) for PlayStation. He is also known for producing the Zone of the Enders series, as well as writing and designing Snatcher (1988) and Policenauts (1994), graphic adventure games regarded for their cinematic presentation. In 2005, <mask> founded Kojima Productions, a software house controlled by Konami, and he was appointed vice president of Konami Digital Entertainment in 2011. In 2015, Kojima Productions split from Konami, becoming an independent studio.Their first game, Death Stranding, was released in 2019. <mask> has also contributed to Rolling Stone, writing columns about the similarities and differences between films and video games. Early life
<mask> was born on August 24, 1963 in Setagaya, Tokyo. He was the youngest of three children. His father, Kingo, was a pharmacist who frequently travelled on business, and named <mask> after the most common name among doctors he met. When he was four years old, his family moved to Osaka, Japan. Describing that stage of his early life, <mask> said it was an abrupt change of environment, and he spent much of his time thereafter indoors, watching television or making figurines.While the family lived in Osaka, his parents began a tradition of the family watching a film together each night, and he was not allowed to go to bed until the film had finished. They were fond of European cinema, westerns, and horror, and did not limit the type of films he was allowed to see. <mask> took an interest in filmmaking when a friend brought a Super 8 camera to school. They began filming movies together, charging other children 50 yen to see them. <mask> tricked his parents into funding a trip to an island off the coast of Japan without telling them he wanted to film there. Instead of filming, he spent his time swimming, and on the last day changed the plot to being about zombies. He did not show the film to his parents.By <mask>'s teenage years, the family had moved to Kawanishi, Hyōgo, in the Kansai region of Japan. When he was 13 years old, his father died. <mask> has discussed the impact of his father's death in interviews, and the subsequent financial hardship faced by his family. He enrolled at university to study economics, and it was there that he decided to join the video game industry. He wrote fiction while studying, even including a short story on his thesis. Career

Early career
At the beginning of his career, <mask> was initially searching for a way into film production. He hoped that, if he were to win awards for his written fiction, he would be approached about directing a film.Although <mask> said that he had no friends interested in cinema to encourage him, his friends were not supportive when he announced he intended to enter game development. He would frequently lie about his occupation in the early days of a career, when a word for game designer did not exist in the Japanese language, and instead told people he worked for a financial firm. <mask> joined video game publisher Konami's MSX home computer division in 1986. He applied to Konami because it was the only games developer listed on the Japanese stock exchange. He was disappointed with the job initially, hoping to make games for the Nintendo Entertainment System, and feeling that the 16 colour palette of the MSX was too restrictive. The first game he worked on was Penguin Adventure, the sequel to Antarctic Adventure, as an assistant director. It significantly expanded upon the gameplay of Antarctic Adventure, adding more action game elements, a greater variety of levels, role-playing elements such as upgrading equipment, and multiple endings.In 2019, Polygon's Julia Lee wrote that for "a game made over 30 years ago, Penguin Adventure had some in-depth features". After Penguin Adventure, <mask> started to design a game called , but the game was cancelled when it was found to be too complex to run on the MSX. Metal Gear and Snatcher (1987–1990)
<mask> was asked to take over a project, Metal Gear, from a senior associate. Hardware limitations hindered the development of the game's combat, and <mask> altered the gameplay to focus on a prisoner escaping instead of fighting, inspired by The Great Escape. It was released on July 13, 1987, for the MSX2 home computer in Japan, and on September in that year for Europe. The player controls a special forces operative codenamed Solid Snake, who is sent to the fortified state of Outer Heaven to stop a nuclear-equipped walking tank known as "Metal Gear". Metal Gear is one of the earliest examples of the stealth game genre.A port of Metal Gear was released for the NES in 1987, with altered graphics, difficulty, and an abridged ending without the titular weapon. <mask> has openly criticized many of the changes made in the port, including poor translation and the abridged ending. In an interview, a programmer on the NES version of the game said his team were asked to complete the port in only three months, and the NES hardware was not capable of implementing the Metal Gear fight. His next project was the graphic adventure game Snatcher, released for the NEC PC-8801 and MSX2 computer platforms in Japan on November 26, 1988. <mask> wrote and directed the game. <mask> planned for the game, a graphic adventure with visual novel elements, to have six chapters, but was instructed to trim it down to two. The team wanted to create a third chapter, but were already over the allowed development schedule so were forced to end the game on a cliffhanger.The cyberpunk-influenced game has a semi-open world design. <mask> and character designer Tomiharu Kinoshita treated the project like making a film or anime rather than a game. Former Konami artist Satoshi Yoshoioka designed many of Snatcher's characters, said he was persistently guided by <mask> to make the game as cinematic as possible, which later critics have cited as a staple of his work. Adrian Chen of The New York Times wrote that one of his innovations was "the way he applied cinematic storytelling to console video games". Snatcher draws heavily from Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (1982), and includes enough references that the game strays near copyright infringement. A port for the Sega CD was made without <mask>, but the amount of text and length of the script made localisation expensive and time-consuming, taking three months. Snatcher was modestly successful in Japan, but the western port was a commercial failure, selling only a few thousand units.It has developed a cult following in the west. In 1990, <mask> wrote a remake of Snatcher, SD Snatcher, a role-playing video game which adapted the storyline of the original Snatcher but significantly changed the environments, details of the plot, and core gameplay mechanics. The "SD" stands for "super deformed" in Japanese media, another way to reference chibi character designs.The characters are depicted in a "super deformed" art style, in contrast to the original game's realistic style. Like the original computer versions of Snatcher, it was only released in Japan. It abandoned random encounters and introduced a first-person turn-based battle system where the player can aim at specific parts of the enemy's body with guns. Such a battle system has rarely been used since, but similar ones can later be found in the role-playing games Square's Vagrant Story (2000), Bethesda Softworks's Fallout 3 (2008), and Nippon Ichi's Last Rebellion (2010). In 2007, J. C. Fletcher of Engadget said that <mask>'s choice to stylise the character designs "was some postmodern playfulness from <mask> <mask> [...] downplaying the dramatic aspects of his game and overlaying obvious video game conventions on top of it", and connected that to a similar playfulness in his later games.Metal Gear 2 and Policenauts (1990–1994)
The original Metal Gear was a commercial success for its release on the NES, and Konami decided to create a sequel to the game, Snake's Revenge, without the involvement of <mask>. When <mask> was riding on the Tokyo transit system, he was told about Snake's Revenge by a colleague working on the project, who asked him to make a new Snake game of his own. As a result, <mask> began work on his own sequel, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, and the two were both released in 1990. <mask>'s game would not be released overseas in North America and Europe until its inclusion in Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence (2006). Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake was a commercial success. The game has received positive reviews from retro-reviewers. IGN notes that Metal Gear 2 introduced stealth mechanics such as making noise to attract guards, crouching and crawling on the ground, disarming mines, and enemies having view cones.After memory limitation issues prompted him to take a break during the development of Snatcher, <mask> began to explore concepts for Policenauts. He wanted the game to remain in the adventure genre, feeling it was the best method to express what he wanted with video games. He was also growing frustrated with game development and wanted "a way to take creative control back from the programmers". After the release of Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake (1990), he developed a scripting engine so he could decide when animations and music played instead of the programmers. Development on Policenauts, originally called Beyond, began in 1990, and lasted four years. Policenauts was released in Japan on July 29, 1994, for the PC-9821. In Japan, critics praised Policenauts for its high level of presentation.Both Sega Saturn Magazine and Famitsu praised the quality of animation, voice acting, and its engrossing setting. Retrospective reviews have regarded the game generally positively, and sought to contextualise Policenauts within <mask>'s body of work, as heavily stylised and influenced by films. Metal Gear Solid subseries and mainstream success (1994–2012)
In 1994, <mask> began to plan a 3D sequel to Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, titled Metal Gear Solid and originally planned for release on the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer. After the 3DO was discontinued, development shifted to the Sony PlayStation. For the transition from 2D to 3D graphics, a new engine had to be developed by <mask> and his team. A gameplay demo was first revealed to the public at the 1996 Tokyo Game Show, and was later shown on day 2 of E3 1997 as a short video. The game was released to critical acclaim.Many outlets noted the game's cinematic qualities and innovative stealth gameplay. <mask> became a celebrity in video game news media, and was surprised when he began to be recognised in public. In early 2001, <mask> released the first details of the sequel to Metal Gear Solid, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, for the PlayStation 2. The game's highly detailed graphics, physics, and expanded gameplay quickly made it one of the most anticipated games at the time. The game was highly successful and critically acclaimed at release, due to its graphics, gameplay, and storyline, which dealt with myriad philosophical themes as specific as memes, censorship, manipulation, patricide, the inherent flaws of democracy and as grandiose as the nature of reality itself. While Metal Gear Solid 2 appealed to gamers with the discussion of these, the bewildering maze of dialogue and plot revelation in the final hours of the game was a disappointment for many gamers, who expected the Hollywood-style resolution of its forerunner. Before Metal Gear Solid 2 was released, <mask> produced the game and anime franchise Zone of the Enders in 2001 to moderate success.In 2003, he produced Boktai: The Sun Is in Your Hand for the Game Boy Advance, which players take the role of a young vampire hunter who uses a solar weapon which is charged by a photometric sensor on the game cartridge, forcing them to play in sunlight. Another team inside Konami, in a collaboration with Silicon Knights, began work on Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes, a GameCube enhanced remake of the first Metal Gear Solid with all the gameplay features of Metal Gear Solid 2 and with cutscenes redirected by director Ryuhei Kitamura. It was released in 2004. Afterwards, <mask> designed and released Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater for the PlayStation 2. Unlike the previous games in the series, which took place in the near future and focused on indoor locations, the game is set in a Soviet jungle during the height of the Cold War in 1964, and features wilderness survival, camouflage, and James Bond styled espionage. The North American version was released on November 17, 2004, with the Japanese counterpart following on December 16. The European version was released on March 4, 2005.Critical response to the game was highly favorable. <mask> has said that his mother played it, "It took her an entire year to complete Metal Gear Solid 3. She would get her friends to help her. When she defeated The End, [a character the player faces off during the game] she called me up and said: 'It is finished'." At that time, <mask> produced Boktais sequel, Boktai 2: Solar Boy Django for the Game Boy Advance. Released in summer 2004, it makes more extensive use of the cartridge's sunlight sensor and allows players to combine various new solar weapons. Also released was Metal Gear Acid for the PlayStation Portable handheld.A turn-based game, it is less action-oriented than the other Metal Gear games and focuses more on strategy. It was released in Japan on December 16, 2004. Its sequel, Metal Gear Acid 2, was released on March 21, 2006. <mask> wanted Solid Snake to appear in Super Smash Bros. Melee, but Nintendo refused, due to development cycle problems. When Super Smash Bros. Brawl was in development, series director Masahiro Sakurai contacted <mask> to work and add Snake and content related to the Metal Gear series, including a stage based on Shadow Moses Island (the main setting of Solid), into the game. Released in June 2008, <mask> co-directed Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots with Shuyo Murata. Initially, <mask> was not going to direct it, but death threats made the team nervous and he decided to work with them.<mask> received a lifetime achievement award at the MTV Game Awards 2008 in Germany. In his speech, he said in English, "I have to say, even though I received this award, let me state that I will not retire. I will continue to create games as long as I live". Before E3 2009, <mask> stated interest in working with a Western developer. This later turned out to be a collaboration between him and Spanish developer MercurySteam to work on Castlevania: Lords of Shadow. Although he announced that Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots would be the last Metal Gear game he would be directly involved in, he announced at E3 2009 that he would return to help on two Metal Gear games: Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, as a producer and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker as writer, director, and producer. When interviewed at Gamescom 2009, <mask> stated that he got more involved with Peace Walker because "there was a lot of confusion within the team and it didn't proceed as I wanted it to.Therefore I thought that I needed to jump in and do Peace Walker". <mask> was at E3 2010 to show off his team's latest project, Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance. He was also seen in Nintendo's 3DS interview video, where he stated he was interested in making a Metal Gear Solid game for the 3DS and wondered what it would be like in 3D. This game ended up being a remake of Metal Gear Solid 3 titled Metal Gear Solid: Snake Eater 3D. In late 2011, Metal Gear Solid: Rising was renamed Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance with PlatinumGames being involved in developing it alongside Kojima Productions. Nevertheless, <mask> is the game's executive producer and

masks: Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Hideo Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima


text_chunks:
 showed interest in working in the game's demo. <mask> was satisfied with the final product and expressed the possibility of a sequel if Platinum were to develop it.On April 1, 2011, <mask> was promoted to Executive Vice President and Corporate Officer in Konami Digital Entertainment. At E3 2011, he revealed his new innovative gaming technology labeled as "transfarring", a portmanteau of the verbs transferring and sharing. The technology enables gamers to transfer their gaming data from the PlayStation 3 to PlayStation Portable in a quick data transferring process and bring it on the go from home into the outside world. Later that year, he stated he was working on a new intellectual property with Goichi Suda, tentatively titled Project S, and preparing new projects. On July 8, 2011, <mask> announced that Project S was a radio-show sequel to Snatcher, titled Sdatcher as a reference to the show's producer Suda. The show would air on Fridays on <mask>'s bi-weekly Internet radio show, starting with episode No. 300 which was broadcast in August 2011.In October, <mask> announced that he would be collaborating with Suda and 5pb. director Chiyomaru Shikura in producing a new adventure game visual novel. It was initially speculated that the game would be the third entry in 5pb. 's Science Adventure series, but it was later confirmed to be a separate title. The game was planned to have an overseas release and an anime adaption. As of 2018, no further news regarding the project has been released. Final Konami projects and departure (2012–2015)

In mid-2012 and in the following years after <mask> finished work on the Fox Engine, <mask> has been connected to the Silent Hill series.During this time, he indicated that he was interested in making a Silent Hill game and the first instance of this was on August 18, 2012. He described his excitement regarding the potential use of the Fox Engine on the eighth generation platforms via a tweet of an image of the DVD for the Silent Hill film: Later, he added what he had in mind for this game in a series of tweets: "Silent Hill is in closed room setting and doesn’t require full action so that we can focus on the graphic quality. Enemies featured in the game do not have to be consistent or move fast. It only requires scariness by graphics and presentation. As being a creator, making action games in an open world setting, such a type of game is very enviously attractive. If only someone could create this on the Fox Engine." After a while, and as a result of <mask>'s interest in making a Silent Hill game, Konami asked him to do so.<mask> explained the story in an interview with Eurogamer:

Additionally, in an interview with Geoff Keighley, when a fan asked "which game do you want to direct or reboot?" <mask> stated without hesitation, Silent Hill. Keighley jumped in and asked "What do you want to do with Silent Hill?" <mask> responded: "A guy [like myself] that is such a chicken and is so easily scared – making a scary game – I'm very confident that something horrifying would come out from that. But on the other hand I would have to prepare myself to have nightmares every single day. Hopefully sometime in the future I'm able to work on this, but I would really need to prepare to have daily nightmares". In August 2014, PT was released on the PlayStation Store and revealed that a new game in the Silent Hill franchise titled Silent Hills was being directed by <mask> for the PlayStation 4, alongside Mexican film director Guillermo del Toro.In April 2015, the playable teaser was removed and the game was cancelled. At the 2013 Game Developers Conference, <mask> unveiled Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, which was set to be his final Metal Gear game, noting that this time unlike previous announcements that he had stopped working on the series, was very serious about leaving; it was preceded by Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes, a shorter game released in 2014 and serving as a prologue to The Phantom Pain. In March 2015, reports began to surface that <mask> would part ways with longtime publisher Konami after the release of The Phantom Pain. Konami later stated that they were auditioning for new staff for future Metal Gear titles and removed <mask>'s name from the series' marketing material. Despite reports that <mask> left the company in October 2015, a spokesman for Konami stated that he was "taking a long time off from work." At The Game Awards 2015, Metal Gear Solid V won the awards for Best Action Game and Best Score/Soundtrack, but <mask> did not attend the event, being reportedly barred from attending by Konami. Instead, the award was accepted by Kiefer Sutherland on his behalf.On July 10, 2015, regular <mask> collaborator Akio Ōtsuka revealed that Konami had closed Kojima Productions. Independent studio and Death Stranding (2015–present)

On December 16, 2015, <mask> announced that Kojima Productions would be re-established as an independent studio, partnered with Sony Computer Entertainment, and that his first game would be exclusive to PlayStation 4. At E3 2016, <mask> personally announced the game's title as Death Stranding in a trailer. The trailer featured Norman Reedus, whom <mask> had previously worked with in the cancelled Silent Hills. In 2016, <mask> launched his own YouTube channel, where he and film critic Kenji Yano discuss their favorite films and matters pertaining to <mask>'s studio. Starting in 2017, <mask> became a regular contributor to Rolling Stone, often discussing recent film releases, and occasionally drawing comparisons to his own works. Death Stranding was released on November 8, 2019, and received generally positive reviews and was a commercial success.It also won a number of awards, including "Best Game Direction" and "Best Score/Music" at The Game Awards 2019. In November 2019, talking to BBC Newsbeat as part of a documentary about Death Stranding, <mask> said “In the future Kojima Productions will start making films. If you can do one thing well, then you can do everything well”. <mask> went on to explain that he sees that movies, TV shows, and games competing in the same space in the future, thanks to streaming technology, and that this will encourage new formats to emerge. “I’m very interested in the new format of game that will appear on there and that’s what I want to take on,” <mask> added. Influences and mentality
<mask> has cited Yuji Horii's The Portopia Serial Murder Case (1983) and Shigeru Miyamoto's Super Mario Bros. (1985) as the games that inspired him to enter the video game industry. Portopia Serial Murder Case, a murder mystery adventure game, was an important influence because, according to <mask>, it had "mystery, a 3D dungeon, humor, and a proper background and explanation of why the murderer committed the crime.That is why there was drama in this game. My encountering this game expanded the potential of video games in my mind." Portopia had an influence on his early works, including Metal Gear and particularly Snatcher. <mask>'s love of film is noticeable in his games where he pays homage through his stories and characters, sometimes to the point of pastiche, as in Snatcher. He cited a contrast between films and games as while in his games he intends to portray violence like in a movie, in the game it is up to the player to decide. He wants people to understand the effects of violence. As he considers the games too stressful, he also wants comic relief to contrast it.Snatcher is inspired by many science fiction films, particularly from the 1980s, including Blade Runner, Akira, The Thing, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and The Terminator. Examples of influence by films include Solid Snake's codename (named after Snake Plissken from Escape from New York), Snake's alias in MGS2: Pliskin (in reference to the last name of Snake Plissken from the Escape movies), Snake's real name (Dave from 2001: A Space Odyssey), and Snake's trademark bandana (The Deer Hunter). Film would also have an influence on other aspects of his games. Hal "Otacon" Emmerich (named after HAL 9000 from 2001: A Space Odyssey and film director Roland Emmerich), Sniper Wolf shooting Meryl in Metal Gear Solid (Full Metal Jacket), Psycho Mantis (inspired from the film The Fury), and the whole Metal Gear stealth concept (The Great Escape and The Guns of Navarone). James Bond also had a large influence on the Metal Gear series, with Metal Gear Solid 3 having a James Bond-like introduction sequence. <mask> has written that Metal Gear was "strongly influenced" by the "anti-war and anti-nuke" themes of the Planet of the Apes film franchise. In an article he wrote for Official PlayStation 2 Magazine, <mask> described the influence of the film Dawn of the Dead on the Metal Gear series.The zombie classic inspired "the maximum three-dimensional use of a closed area like a shopping mall with elevators, air ducts, and escalators". These aspects are similar enough in his view that "[Metal Gear Solid] is [Dawn of the Dead] if you replace soldiers with zombies." He also received inspiration from anime. His early works, particularly the cyberpunk adventure game Snatcher (which uses anime-style art), were influenced by cyberpunk anime, most notably Akira (mentioned above). In an interview, he mentioned that his Zone of the Enders series was inspired by mecha/robot anime, such as Neon Genesis Evangelion. Mecha anime was also an inspiration for the Metal Gear series, which features mecha robots, such as Metal Gear REX and Metal Gear RAY; this is referenced in Metal Gear Solid, where Otacon mentions mecha anime as an influence on his Metal Gear REX designs. In regards to storyline development and interaction with them, he said:

In 2019 <mask> published a collection of essays in Japan discussing the influence of pop culture on his work under the title The Gifted Gene and My Lovable Memes.The book was published in English by Viz Media in October 2021 under the title The Creative Gene: How books, movies, and music inspired the creator of Death Stranding and Metal Gear Solid. In terms of reverse influence on film, his work on the storylines of the Metal Gear series was cited as an influence by screenwriter David Hayter, the voice actor for Solid Snake, on his screenwriting for Hollywood films. He stated that "<mask> and I have different styles (...) but I've certainly learned things from him, especially about ambiguity and telling a story without giving all the answers". <mask> has also influenced a number of actors and auteurs in the film industry. Hollywood actors Mads Mikkelsen and Léa Seydoux have voice roles in Death Stranding, and celebrated director Guillermo del Toro is amongst his biggest fans. In 2020, <mask> was a member of the international Jury of the 77th Venice International Film Festival, Virtual Reality section. Legacy
<mask> has been noted for predicting and exploring themes in his works years before they gained mainstream notoriety on numerous occasions, ranging from the sociological to the scientific.The main example of this pertains to the plot and themes of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, released on November 13, 2001, which delved into ideas and concepts that would become culturally significant in the 2010s. Among these themes were post-truth politics, alternative facts, echo-chambers, fake news, AI-curated news feeds, information overload in the Information Age, and political correctness. While the game received universal acclaim upon release for its gameplay and attention to detail, the plot became a divisive topic among critics, with some calling it "absurd" and "stupid". Reinterpretations of the game's plot began to surface in the 2010s, with some calling it "misunderstood" in its time, eerily prescient, and "necessary for the political climate to come" for predicting some of the cultural issues of the 2010s with striking accuracy and similar concepts. GamesRadar+ has cited the prescience of the game in relation to the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal and the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. The concept of "Selection for Societal Sanity" presented in the game was one of the bases for the paper Filtration Failure: On Selection for Societal Sanity written by Adrian Mróz and published in the academic journal Kultura i Historia. In Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, released on September 1, 2015, the Wolbachia bacteria is used to halt the reproduction of the fictional "vocal chords parasite".At the time, large-scale uses of Wolbachia to control insect-transmitted diseases like malaria and dengue only existed in simulated computational models and field-test releases in Australia. Deployment of Wolbachia was proposed the next year at the peak of the Zika epidemic in the Americas. Large-scale deployments of the Wolbachia bacteria became the most effective way to control and eradicate mosquito-related epidemics as of 2019, with successful deployments in Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Brazil. In Death Stranding, released on November 8, 2019, <mask> presents a post-apocalyptic setting in which people live isolated in cities and prepper shelters, unable to go outside because of the hazardous conditions brought by an event named the "Death Stranding". Thus, the inhabitants of the world rely on "porters", people who risk their lives making deliveries, to receive and exchange the resources they need to survive. Similarities with the COVID-19 pandemic were noted by numerous journalists in early 2020, including the game's focus on the themes of isolation, loneliness, and political divide. Personal life
<mask> is currently private about his personal life.He has at least one brother. His father Kingo <mask> died when he was 13 and his mother died in early 2017. According to his book The Creative Gene, he has two sons. Awards and accolades
Newsweek named <mask> as one of the top ten people of 2002. In 2008, Next-Gen placed him seventh in their list of "Hot 100 Developers 2008." In 2009, IGN placed him sixth in their list of top game creators of all time. At the 2008 MTV Game Awards, <mask> was given the award show's first Lifetime Achievement Award for a game designer and was also honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2009 Game Developers Conference.In 2014, UNESCO's Bradford City of Film gave <mask> the inaugural award for Cinematography in Videogames, "for his astounding directing, storytelling, and cinematography" in video games. At the 2014 National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers (NAVGTR) awards, <mask> was credited for Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes''' nomination for the category Game, Franchise Adventure. In December 2015, <mask> was invited to accept an award from The Game Awards 2015 for Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, but was prevented from attending by Konami. In February 2016, <mask> received the AIAS Hall of Fame Award at the 19th Annual D.I.C.E. Awards. In December 2016, <mask> was able to attend The Game Awards 2016 and accepted the Industry Icon Award. On October 12, 2017, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Brasil Game Show.<mask> was named a BAFTA Fellowship in 2020, to be awarded to him during the British Academy Games Awards in April 2020, making him the second Japanese person to receive the award for work on video games after Shigeru Miyamoto. <mask> holds the distinction of having directed four games (Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, and Death Stranding'') out of the 27 total to have achieved a maximum possible score of 40 from the Japanese video games magazine Famitsu. Works

Games

Cancelled games

Voice roles

References

External links

 <mask> <mask>'s former blog

1963 births
Living people
20th-century Japanese writers
21st-century Japanese writers
Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame inductees
BAFTA fellows
Game Developers Conference Lifetime Achievement Award recipients
Japanese video game designers
Japanese video game directors
Japanese video game producers
Konami people
People from Setagaya
Science fiction fans
Video game writers
Writers from

masks: Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Hideo Kojima


text_chunks:
<mask> (, , born January 7, 1974) is a Ukrainian entrepreneur. He was the first Eastern European to present one of his companies — Ferrexpo to the London Stock Exchange. Zhevago controls the "Finances and Credit" group — one of largest conglomerates of Ukraine; holds a post of FC Vorskla honorary president. He was a member of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament of Ukraine) from 1998 until 2019. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born on January 7, 1974 in Iul'tin village (Magadan Oblast, Russia) in the family of a mining engineer. Education
In 1991 <mask> entered the Kyiv National Economic University, taking «Accounting and analysis of external economic activity» specialization. In 1996, he graduated with a master's degree in economics.In 2003 Kostyantin <mask> defended a candidate's dissertation «International investments and effective economic development» in the Kyiv National Economic University. Business
While studying Kostyantin <mask> began a career in the position of "Finances and Credit" chief financial officer (, ), holding this post from 1993 to 1996. From 1996 to 1998 he holds posts of "Finances and Credit" president, public corporation "Poltava ore-dressing and processing enterprise" (, ) council deputy and is member of public corporation "Ukrnafta" (, ) supervisory board. Kostyantin <mask>, 35-year-old investor, was the first of the Ukrainian multimillionaires to present one of his companies — Ferrexpo to the London Stock Exchange. In autumn 2007 Ferrexpo was added to the FTSE 250 Index. Forbes magazine named Kostyantin <mask> the youngest billionaire in Europe, who made his fortune by himself. His bank "Finances and Credit" was one of the TOP-10 largest Ukrainian banks with hundreds of branches across Ukraine.He controls developed and successful enterprises in mining and metallurgical, shipbuilding, engineering, heavy car production, pharmacology and food industries in Ukraine and countries of Western Europe and Middle East. Owns the football team of Ukrainian Premier League FC Vorskla Poltava. Political activity
In Ukraine Kostyantin Zhevago conducts active political activity. In the period of March 1998 — April 2002 he holds the post of a State Deputy of Ukraine of 3rd convocation from 149th electoral district (Poltava Oblast). June 1998 — <mask> Kostyantin is a member of parliament committee of questions of economic policy, state economy management, property and investments. April 2002 to April 2006 — post of a State Deputy of Ukraine of 4th convocation from 150 electoral district (Poltava Oblast). June, 2002 — member of parliament committee of questions of legal policy, member of Verkhovna Rada permanent delegation in PACE.May 2006 to April 2007 — State Deputy of Ukraine of 5th convocation from Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc. Since December 23, 2007 Kostyantin <mask> holds a post of State Deputy of Ukraine of 6th convocation in the list of Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc. Leader of deputy group of inter-parliamentary connections with Japan. He missed all 51 parliament sessions in 2010. <mask> returned to parliament after the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election after winning with more than 60% as an independent candidate in single-member districts number 150 (first-past-the-post wins a parliament seat) located in the town Horishni Plavni; the successors of his former political association Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, Batkivshchyna, did not have its own candidate in this district. <mask> did not join a faction in the Verkhovna Rada (Parliament). In the 2014 parliamentary election <mask> was re-elected into parliament again as an independent candidate in single-member districts number 150; this time with 43.81% of the votes.He again did not join a faction. In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, <mask> failed to regain his seat in parliament, concluding his twenty one year career as a member of parliament. He lost the election in single-member district number 150 with 24.9% of the vote. The winning candidate was Alexei Movchan from the Servant of the People party, who won with 41% of the vote. Controlled assets
"Finances and Credit" group is to one of the largest Ukrainian conglomerates. It includes enterprises in the fields of metallurgy, ferrous deposits and ferromagnetic ore, engineering, transport, pharmaceutics, shipbuilding, energetics. "Finances and Credit" bank was founded in 1990 and by the size of assets it was considered one of the largest banks of Ukraine according to classification of National Bank of Ukraine.By April 1, 2009 authorized capital stock of the bank made 2 billion UAH, net wealth made 18,316 billion UAH, bank liabilities — 15,840 billion UAH. The loan portfolio made 15,880 billion UAH, loan portfolio of natural person — bank clients — 5, 983 billion UAH. By April 1, 2009 the bank system included 16 branches and 326 departments in all areas of Ukraine. The basic shareholders of "Finances and Credit" bank on 01.04.2009 were the close corporation "F&C Realty" (46,67%), LTD "Askaniya" (48,88%) and National joint-stock company "Naftohaz Ukrainy" (0,63%). According to the Ukrainian Bank Association data, by April 1, 2009 the bank occupied the 13th place among 162 operating in the country. On 17 December 2016 the National Bank of Ukraine withdrew the banking license of Finance and Credit and liquidated the bank. Food industry
Joint-stock company Kremenchukm'yaso

Wealth
According to Forbes, he is Ukraine's youngest billionaire.In March 2012 Forbes placed him on the Forbes list of billionaires at the 719th place with $1.8 billion. See also
 KrAZ
 FC Vorskla Poltava

References

External links
 Official website of Finance and Credit Bank
 Kyiv National Economic University
 Ferrexpo chief shrugs off shareholder ire, Financial Times,  June 8 2009
 Tycoon rejects 'oligarch' tag, Financial Times,  June 8 2009
 Dossier on Konstyantin Zhevago — Liga dossier
 Kostiantyn Zhevago, exclusive interview - Focus Magazine. January, 2010 (original article)
 Kostiantyn <mask>, exclusive interview - Focus Magazine. January, 2010 (translation)
 <mask> (dossier) is Focus magazine. December, 21.2007
 <mask> (dossier) is Focus magazine. April, 02.2009
 <mask> (dossier) is Correspondent magazine. September, 8.2008
 Interview with Konstantinom Zhevago.Correspondent magazine. November, 3.2007
 <mask>: it is necessary to keep promises which we gave the market
 <mask> is acknowledged the youngest billionaire of Europe

 Profile : <mask> (Finance and Credit Group)
 IPO Ferrexpo
 Ferrexpo manages to stay in the black

1974 births
Living people
People from Iultinsky District
Russian emigrants to Ukraine
Kyiv National Economic University alumni
Ukrainian economists
Ukrainian businesspeople
Ukrainian billionaires
Ukrainian football chairmen and investors
Third convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Sixth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Seventh convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Eighth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Independent politicians in Ukraine
FC Vorskla Poltava
20th-century Ukrainian businesspeople
21st-century Ukrainian businesspeople
Fugitives wanted by Ukraine

masks:
Kostyantyn Valentynovych Zhevago
Kostyantin Zhevago
Kostyantin Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Zhevago
Konstantin Zhevago
Konstantin Zhevago
Konstantin Zhevago
Konstantin Zhevago
Konstantin Zhevago
Konstantin Zhevago


text_chunks:
<mask> or Domejko, pseudonym: Żegota (, ; 31 July 1802 – 23 January 1889) was a Polish geologist, mineralogist, educator, and founder of the University of Santiago, in Chile. Domeyko spent most of his life, and died, in his adopted country, Chile. After a youth passed in partitioned Poland, <mask>th, Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz) before eventually settling in Chile, whose citizen he became. He lived some 50 years in Chile and made major contributions to the study of that country's geography, geology and mineralogy. His observations on the circumstances of poverty-stricken miners and of their wealthy exploiters had a profound influence on those who would go on to shape Chile's labor movement. Domeyko is seen as having had close ties to several countries and thus in 2002, when UNESCO organized a series of commemorations of the 200th anniversary of his birth, he was referred to as "a citizen of the world".Life

Early life

<mask> <mask> was born in the then Russian partition of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, at Niedźwiadka Wielka () Manor (Bear Cub Manor) near Nieśwież, Minsk Governorate, Imperial Russia (now Karelichy district, Belarus). The <mask> family held the Polish Dangiel coat of arms. <mask>'s father, Hipolit <mask>, who was president of the local land court (), died when <mask> was seven years old; the boy's uncles then served as his guardians. In his youth <mask> was a subject of the Russian Empire. He had, however, been brought up in the culture of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a multicultural state whose educated and dominant classes had spoken Polish as a lingua franca. Shortly before <mask>'s birth, the Commonwealth had been dismembered in the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. For this reason, and because Domeyko subsequently spent most of his life in Chile, he is considered a person of national importance to Poles, Belarusians, Lithuanians, and Chileans.Domeyko enrolled at Vilnius University, then known as the Imperial University of Vilna, in 1816 as a student of mathematics and physics. He studied under Jędrzej Śniadecki. Involved with the Philomaths, a secret student organisation dedicated to Polish culture and the restoration of Poland's independence, he was a close friend of Adam Mickiewicz. In 1823–24, during the investigation and trials of the Philomaths, <mask> and Mickiewicz spent months incarcerated at Vilnius' Uniate Basilian monastery. After participating in the November 1830 Uprising, in which Domeyko served as an officer under General Dezydery Chłapowski, in 1831 Domeyko was forced into exile in order not to face Russian reprisals. Exile
Journeying through Germany, he arrived in France, where he would earn an engineering degree at Paris' École des Mines (School of Mining). He also studied at the Sorbonne and maintained his political engagements with Belarusians, Poles, and Lithuanians.Chile

In 1838 <mask> left for Chile. There he made substantial contributions to mineralogy and the technology of mining, studied several previously unknown minerals, advocated for the civil rights of the native tribal peoples, and was a meteorologist and ethnographer. He is also credited with introducing the metric system to Latin America. He served as a professor at a mining college in Coquimbo (La Serena) and after 1847 at the University of Chile (Universidad de Chile, in Santiago), of which he was rector for 16 years (1867–83). Domeyko gained Chilean citizenship in 1849, but declared at the time that "I may now never change my citizenship, but God grants me hope that wherever I may be—whether in the  Cordilleras or in [the Vilnius suburb of] Paneriai—I shall die a Lithuanian." The term "Lithuanian" at that time, however, designated any inhabitant, whatever his ethnicity, of the territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1884 Domeyko returned for an extended visit to Europe and remained there until 1889, visiting his birthplace and other places in the former Commonwealth, as well as Paris and Jerusalem.In 1887 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Jagiellonian University, in Kraków. In 1889, soon after returning to Santiago, Chile, Domeyko died. Memorials

Named in honour of Domeyko are; a Cuban found genus of plants Domeykoa, the mineral domeykite, the shellfish Nautilus domeykus, the genus of dinosaur <mask>urus, the ammonite Amonites domeykanus, asteroid 2784 Domeyko, the Cordillera Domeyko mountain range in the Andes, and the Chilean town of Domeyko. A bronze bust of Domeyko stands in the Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile, of which Domeyko was long-time rector. In 1992, a plaque in Spanish and Polish was placed on a building at Krakowskie Przedmieście 64, in Warsaw, Poland, commemorating the "distinguished son of the Polish nation and eminent citizen of Chile." On the 200th anniversary of his birth, UNESCO declared 2002 to be "Ignacy Domeyko Year." Several commemorative events were held in Chile under the auspices of Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski and Chilean President Ricardo Lagos.In 2002, Poland and Chile jointly issued a postage stamp commemorating the 200th anniversary of Domeyko's birth. Also in 2002, a 200th-birthday plaque honoring him was placed in the entry gate to Uniate Basilian monastery in Vilnius, Lithuania, where he and Adam Mickiewicz were held in 1823–24 during the investigation and trials of the Philomaths. In 2015 a Belarusian climber Pavel Gorbunov placed a memorial plate on the top of Cerro Kimal in Cordillera Domeyko. Notes

See also
Biblioteca Polaca Ignacio Domeyko
Polish-Lithuanian (adjective)
List of minor planets named after people
List of Poles

References

  Polish language
  Polish language
  Polish language
  Polish language
  Portuguese language
  review, Polish language
 Paz Domeyko Lea-Plaza. Ignacio Domeyko. La Vida de un Emigrante. Santiago, Chile.2002.Random House Mondadori (Editorial Sudamericana) Spanish language
 Paz Domeyko. A Life in Exile. <mask> Domeyko 1802-1889. Sydney, Australia 2005. }.9. English language. Available from author.See website Paz Domeyko, www.domeyko.org

External links

 Works of <mask> <mask> in the digital library Polona. Memoirs of <mask> Domeyko
  2002 Polish conference on <mask> Domeyko. Contains a selection of articles and book reviews, some in English
  Honorata Szocik, Życie Ignacego Domeyki, jego prace, wkład do geologii i nauk społecznych, Nasz Czas 37 (576)
  Proceedings of a 2002 Belarusian conference about Domeyko. <mask> Domeyko. Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi
Museum about Polish Explorer Being Built in Chile

1802 births
1889 deaths
People from Karelichy District
People from Novogrudsky Uyezd
Lithuanian nobility
Polish nobility
Belarusian nobility
Polish Roman Catholics
19th-century Chilean geologists
Chilean geographers
Chilean people of Polish descent
19th-century Polish geologists
Lithuanian geologists
Polish mineralogists
Polish geographers
Belarusian geographers
Belarusian geologists
Belarusian mineralogists
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Chile
November Uprising participants
Naturalized citizens of Chile
Vilnius University alumni

masks:
Ignacy Domeyko
Domeykoma
Ignacy
Domeyko
Domeyko
Ignacy
Domeyko
Ignacy
Ignacy
Domeyko
Domeyko
Domeyko
Domeykosa
Ignacy
Ignacy
Domeyko
Ignacy
Ignacy
Ignacy


text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 13 June 1990) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for  club Leeds United and the Poland national team. Club career

Cracovia
Born in Tarnów, <mask> debuted in the Ekstraklasa in November 2008. During the 2009–10 season, he gradually became a regular in Cracovia's starting eleven. Wolfsburg
On 14 June 2011, he signed with Bundesliga side VfL Wolfsburg on a three-year deal. Wolfsburg paid €1.5 million for <mask>, making him the most valuable player in Cracovia's club history. PEC Zwolle
Klich was sent on loan to Dutch club PEC Zwolle for half a season before making the transfer permanent for a fee reported as €200,000, with Wolfsburg securing a repurchase option. During his time at Zwolle he won the 2013–14 KNVB Cup on 20 April 2014 beating Ajax 5–1 in the final which also saw the side obtain Europa League qualification.Return to Wolfsburg
In June 2014 Wolfsburg exercised their repurchase option for <mask>. During the subsequent first half of the season however, he did not play in the Bundesliga, after struggling to displace regular starters Kevin De Bruyne, Josuha Guilavogui and Luiz Gustavo in the centre midfield positions and was used only in the reserve team. 1. FC Kaiserslautern
In early January 2015, <mask> joined 2. Bundesliga club 1. FC Kaiserslautern, with him signing a contract until summer 2018. The transfer fee was undisclosed.FC Twente
On 26 August 2016, he joined Eredivisie side FC Twente on a three-year contract. He was given squad number 43 and made his debut for Twente on 10 September 2016 against SC Heerenveen. He scored his first goal for the club on 2 October 2016, in a 1–1 draw against Heracles Almelo. In his first season at the club, he scored six goals and made four assists to help FC Twente to a seventh-place finish in the Eredivisie. Leeds United
After an initial bid was rejected, on 23 June 2017, <mask> signed a three-year deal with English club Leeds United for an undisclosed fee. On 9 August, he made his first-team debut in a 4–1 League Cup victory against Port Vale, and his League debut 10 days later in a 2–0 win against Sunderland. However, he found himself behind Kalvin Phillips, Eunan O'Kane and Ronaldo Vieira in the pecking order.His first and only League start for the season came on 26 September 2017, in the defeat against Cardiff City with <mask> slipping and losing possession leading to a goal from Kenneth Zohore. <mask> revealed that he felt his unfortunate slip led to him being dropped by the then manager Thomas Christiansen. After October he was used very sparsely. On 22 January 2018, <mask> joined Dutch club FC Utrecht on a six-month loan from Leeds United until the end of the 2017–18 season. FC Utrecht loan
On 22 January 2018, <mask> was sent on loan at FC Utrecht until the end of the season. On 4 February 2018, <mask> made his debut in a 2–2 draw against Excelsior. He quickly re-found his form at Utrecht, he gained an assist against Roda JC on 18 February in a 4–1 victory.On 29 April 2018, in Utrecht's 2–2 draw against Heracles Almelo, <mask> according to Opta Stats created 11 chances and gained an assist and man of the match award in the match; the chance creation by <mask> was the highest number of chances created in a single Eredivisie match since Christian Eriksen for Ajax in 2012 against Roda JC. On 6 May 2018, on the final day of the season, <mask> scored the winner for Utrecht (his first goal for the club) in a 1–0 victory against VVV-Venlo. <mask> impressed for Utrecht during the loan spell and helped them finish 5th and into the Eredivisie Europa League playoffs. When asked if he would return to Leeds he said he 'was 99% sure as he had unfinished business'. Return to Leeds

2018–19 season
After returning to Leeds for the start of pre-season under new Leeds head coach Marcelo Bielsa, <mask> made his first appearance back at Leeds in the pre-season friendly 1–1 draw against York City on 20 July 2018, where he played in a new centre-back role before reverting to a deep-lying playmaker position in the second half. He scored his first league goal for Leeds in the opening game of the 2018–19 season on 5 August 2018 against Stoke City at Elland Road in a 3–1 win, his first competitive game for the club in almost seven months. The following week he scored his second goal for the club in a 4–1 win against Derby County on 11 August 2018 and, after scoring against Norwich City on 25 August, his third goal in five games, <mask> was named in the Poland squad again for the first time in four years after impressing for Leeds at the beginning of the 2018–19 season.On 28 April, <mask> scored a 'controversial goal' (his ninth of the season). The goal came in a match against Aston Villa during a 1–1 draw, when Jonathan Kodjia remained on the ground with an injury. Teammate Tyler Roberts passed the ball to <mask> who took it up the left wing and put the ball into the far corner past Jed Steer. The goal – the first of the game – sparked pandemonium, with Villa's Conor Hourihane, Ahmed Elmohamady, Neil Taylor and Leeds' Patrick Bamford caught up in a fracas with <mask> at its centre, which involved several additional players from both sides and was eventually broken up by referee Stuart Attwell, Elland Road stewards and other players. In the immediate aftermath, Attwell sent off the peripherally involved Anwar El Ghazi with a straight red card (subsequently rescinded by The FA) and head coach Marcelo Bielsa's response to his players was, in the interests of fairness and after consulting with Villa boss Dean Smith, that his team should allow an unchallenged equaliser to be scored. From the restart, Albert Adomah essentially walked the ball into net unchallenged by 10 Leeds players, with only Pontus Jansson giving chase and nearly dispossessing the forward. On 28 April, he won both the Leeds United Goal of the Season award at the club's annual ceremony for his goal against Sheffield Wednesday.On 5 May 2019, <mask> scored his 10th goal of the season in a 3–2 defeat against Ipswich Town. During the 2018–19 Leeds United F.C. season, <mask> played 50 games in all competitions, scoring 10 goals and nine assists, being the club's only ever-present player for the League season, after Leeds finished the regular season in third place after dropping out of the automatic promotion places with three games left after a defeat to 10 man Wigan Athletic on 19 April. Leeds qualified for the playoffs, including <mask> starting the playoff fixtures against sixth-placed Derby County, despite Leeds taking a 1–0 win at Pride Park into the home leg at Elland Road, Leeds lost 4–2 in an encounter that saw Dallas score a brace in the second leg, with Leeds down to 10 men after the red card of Gaetano Berardi, and saw Derby progress to the final against Aston Villa. 2019–20 season
<mask> scored his first goal of the 2019–20 season on 13 August in the EFL Cup against Salford City to help earn a 3–0 victory. He scored his second goal of the season in Leeds 2–0 win against Barnsley on 15 September 2019. On 9 November 2019, <mask> signed a new four-and-a-half-year contract with Leeds.Until the penultimate game of the season on 19 July 2020, he had started every league game - 92 games - since Marcelo Bielsa became manager in 2018 and his previous three-year deal with Leeds was due to expire in the summer of 2020. On 30 November, <mask> scored two goals in a 4–0 victory against Middlesbrough. This took Leeds to the top of the Championship, and sealed their five-game winning streak. On 19 December, <mask> won the EFL Championship Goal of the Month for November for his long range strike against Middlesbrough. After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football, the season was resumed during June, where <mask> earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League and also become the EFL Championship Champions for the 2019–20 season in July after the successful resumption of the season. 2020–21 season
<mask> made his Premier League debut in the first match of the season against Liverpool on 12 September 2020, scoring his side's third goal in an enthralling 4–3 defeat to the reigning champions. He scored again and provided an assist in Leeds' second game of the season, a 4–3 win at home against fellow newly promoted side Fulham.He continued his impressive form with an assist in Leeds' 3–0 win away at Aston Villa, and scored a penalty in a 2–1 defeat to West Ham United. International career
<mask> made his debut for the national team of Poland on 5 June 2011 in a friendly match against Argentina. Poland won the match 2–1. He scored his first goal in national team in the friendly game against Denmark on 14 August 2013. On 27 August 2018, <mask> was named in Poland team by manager Jerzy Brzęczek for matches with Italy and Republic of Ireland after a four-year absence from the Poland national side, with <mask> impressing for Leeds after scoring 3 goals and 1 assist in the first 5 games of the 2018–19 season. On 7 September, <mask> started for Poland in their UEFA Nations League 1–1 draw against Italy, with <mask> having an involvement in the opening goal for Piotr Zieliński. On 11 September, he came off the bench in a friendly against Republic of Ireland to score an 87th-minute equalizer, his second national team goal to date.Personal life
His father is Wojciech <mask>, who was also a professional footballer, playing 84 matches in the Polish first division, and currently works as a youth coach at Cracovia. His mother Małgorzata is a PE teacher who won a bronze medal at the Polish championships for 800m freestyle, whilst his sister Maja is a swimmer. On 6th November 2018, <mask>’s partner gave birth to his first child, Laura. Leeds United's fans terrace song for <mask> '40 Yards or 50 yards' is a reworked version of the song Rotterdam by The Beautiful South. Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
Scores and results list Poland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each <mask> goal. Honours
PEC Zwolle
KNVB Cup: 2013–14

Leeds United
EFL Championship: 2019–20

Individual
Leeds United Goal of the Season: 2018–19

References

External links

Profile on uefa.com

1990 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tarnów
Polish footballers
Poland international footballers
Poland under-21 international footballers
Poland youth international footballers
Association football midfielders
KS Cracovia (football) players
VfL Wolfsburg players
VfL Wolfsburg II players
PEC Zwolle players
Leeds United F.C. players
FC Utrecht players
1.FC Kaiserslautern players
1. FC Kaiserslautern II players
Ekstraklasa players
Eredivisie players
2. Bundesliga players
English Football League players
Polish expatriate footballers
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Polish expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Polish expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in England
Premier League players
UEFA Euro 2020 players

masks:
Mateusz Andrzej Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich
Klich


text_chunks:
<mask> (born September 13, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter. She was the last official member to join the Motown girl group The Supremes, remaining in the group during its final years of existence from 1976 to 1977. She is a successful songwriter as well, having written hit records for Michael Jackson, Deniece Williams, and many others. Biography

Early life and career
Born in Houston, Texas, <mask> began her professional career at age 12. As a teenager, <mask> moved to New York City where she attended Professional Children School, graduating in 1966 and later from the New York City High School of Performing Arts, and appeared in various commercials. Prior to joining The Supremes, <mask> sang with Ray Charles' Raelettes and Stevie Wonder's Wonderlove, which paired her with Deniece Williams and Shirley Brewer. In 1973 she sang lead as a guest vocalist on New Birth's hit "Until It's Time for You to Go" (a cover of Buffy Sainte-Marie's song).In 1975 she co-wrote "Free", Deniece Williams' breakthrough single. The Supremes
<mask> was a member of The Supremes from early 1976 to summer of 1977 (replacing Cindy Birdsong), and performed on their last two albums, High Energy and Mary, Scherrie & Susaye. Working alongside original member Mary Wilson and Scherrie Payne, Susaye quickly found her niche in the group and amongst the group's legions of fans. Susaye took lead on "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother," in the group's live shows, which never failed to garner a standing ovation, and recorded "High Energy", the title song from the High Energy album. On June 12, 1977, the Supremes performed their farewell concert at the Drury Lane Theater in London and disbanded. After The Supremes
In 1979, two years after The Supremes disbanded, <mask> recorded a duet album with fellow former Supreme Scherrie Payne entitled Partners under the name "Scherrie & Susaye." She also hosted her own cable television show, Hollywood Hot, and continued writing for various artists.One of her most noteworthy compositions was the track "I Can't Help It", co-written with Stevie Wonder for Michael Jackson's Off the Wall. While touring England in 1984 with Stevie Wonder, <mask> met her present husband in London and relocated there. In 1986, she sang lead on jazz saxophonist Courtney Pine's single "Children of the Ghetto". She signed with Ian Levine's Motorcity label, based in the United Kingdom, in 1989. She released two solo singles on Motorcity – "Stop, I Need You Now" (1990) and her own version of Deniece Williams' hit "Free" (1991). At Motorcity, she also recorded the duet "It's Impossible" with Billy Eckstine. An unreleased demo recording of "Don't Pity The Fool" also exists, although no vocals were added.On July 5, 2014, Ms<mask>, along with Scherrie Payne performed at the Sheraton in Los Angeles a concert program based on their album "Partners" which was released by Motown in 1979. They were featured in the magazine Daeida, with a beautiful photo shoot. The article chronicled career highlights with the Supremes and separately and the re-release of their "Partners" album on CD. In October 2017, <mask> replaced Lynda Laurence in the Former Ladies of the Supremes alongside Scherrie Payne and Joyce Vincent Wilson. Her joining the group is ironic as that in 1977, when Mary Wilson departed the Supremes for a solo career, there was initial thought that Scherrie and Susaye would continue the group with a new third member. It was widely speculated that Joyce Vincent would round out the trio. Instead, Motown Records decided that without any original members, the Supremes would be disbanded.With the addition of <mask> to the Former Ladies, the "fantasy" line up of Scherrie, Susaye, and Joyce has now become reality. Solo albums
Around the turn of the century, <mask> moved back to the States, and in 2002, she finally released her first solo album, No Fear Here. Two singles and a video were released to critical acclaim. <mask> penned most of the album herself. <mask> <mask> released her second solo album, Brave New Shoes, in 2005. Album appearances
High Energy – with The Supremes
Mary, Scherrie & Susaye – with The Supremes
At Their Best – with The Supremes
Partners – duet album with former Supreme Scherrie Payne
Songs in the Key of Life – Stevie Wonder (background vocals)
Hotter than July – Stevie Wonder (background vocals)
Journey to the Urge Within – Courtney Pine (Lead vocals on "Children of The Ghetto", 1986)
Vital Blue – Blue Mitchell (Mainstream, 1971)

Songwriting credits
"Free" – Deniece Williams
"Stop! I Need You Now"
"No Fear Here"
"Bewitched"
"I Can't Help It" – included in Michael Jackson's 1979 release Off the Wall; later included in Pebbles 1995 release, "Straight from My Heart".Filmography

Presence in the online artistic community
<mask> <mask> is also a member of the world's largest online art community, DeviantArt. She joined DeviantArt on September 17, 2004 under the pseudonym "supremextreme". On September 21, 2005, Susaye was featured on DeviantArt's on-site chat network, "dAmn", for one of the community's regularly sponsored "Featured Chats". She interacted with members of the DeviantArt community-at-large, answering questions about her life, career, inspirations, motivations, and her time on the art site itself. <mask> continues to be an active member on DeviantArt and is preparing 3D images of her Supremextreme character for her first short animated feature film. She is also a key figure in The one million masterpiece charity project, an online arts event aiming to raise over $6 million for global causes. Susaye is heavily involved in the marketing of the project to the artistic community.Personal life

Susaye was married to Ed Brown; together they owned a company called "Mud", a mixture of their colorful names, Brown and <mask>. Susaye is currently married to Stephen Coton; they have one son, Daniel. References

External links
SupremeXtreme

1949 births
Living people
African-American women singer-songwriters
Motown artists
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American soul singers
Musicians from Houston
The Supremes members
20th-century African-American women singers
21st-century African-American women singers
Singer-songwriters from Texas
The Raelettes members

masks:
Susaye Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene
. Greene
Greene
Susaye
Greene
Greene
Susaye
Greene
Susaye
Greene
Greene
Greene


text_chunks:
<mask> (January 16, 1955 – December 8, 2009) was the lead singer of the bands Message and Prophet. Early years
Fasano grew up in New Jersey, United States, and in his youth he got interested in music and singing. His special and emotional voice was long known as one of the most distinctive voices on the New Jersey music scene. In 1973, <mask> was a founding member and lead singer for, what became a world-renowned, progressive rock band, Mirthrandir, Throughout the late 70s he played in various bands with the later Bon Jovi guitarist, Richie Sambora. <mask> was usually the lead vocalist in these bands. He got a record deal with Led Zeppelin's Swan Song label, however, before they got to put out an album, Led Zeppelin's drummer, John Bonham died, and the label disbanded, as would the band later. 1980s
In 1980, <mask> decided to put a band together; he brought in Richie Sambora, former Phantom's Opera bassist Alec John Such, drummer Andy Rubbo of the circuit band Flossie, and Simon Gannett, keyboard player of Mirthrandir and the New Jersey club band Rivendell.Bruce Foster, who had worked a lot with Richie Sambora, and who had also appeared on the debut KISS album, also came to play keyboard on some songs. They decided to call the band Message. They had their own company, their own publishing deal. Therefore, they weren't capable of putting out many records. Their first album was self-titled, they pressed about 1800 copies and they sold it out of the trunk of their car. In 1982, the band managed to get some concert dates as an opening act for Joe Cocker, who was doing a small scale tour. The band got a great reception; however, they had to quit touring, due to the fact that the money ran out.They went back to Sayreville, New Jersey, to continue to play in clubs and rehearse songs. In one of those clubs, the band ran into a band called "Jon Bon Jovi and the Wild Ones". Because of that meeting, Jon Bon Jovi would call upon Richie Sambora and Alec John Such, who played in Message at that time, in 1983 when he put together a band to support his single "Runaway". Message disbanded. Since European labels had great interest in his band, an official release with Message bootlegs was put out shortly after the disbanding of the band. In the first five days, the album sold 8,600 copies, and it hit the charts in some countries. Shortly after The Message broke up, <mask> got together with a band called "Prophet".The band featured <mask> (as a lead and backing vocalist), Ken Dubman (guitarist), Scott Metaxas (guitarist and bassist), Mike Brown (bassist) from Phantoms Opera, Joe Zujkowski (keyboard), and Ted Poley (drummer and lead vocalist). They released a self-titled album in 1985 through the label RCA Record. The album did well in Europe, and they released a single called "Everything You Are to Me" where Fasano sings the lead. They also made a music video to this song. <mask> did not sing lead on all of the songs on "Prophet". He sang lead on "Street Secrets", "Power Play", and "Everything You Are to Me", "Away From You" and "Sail Away". He was replaced by Russel Arcara.1980s and 1990s
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Fasano worked with various musicians, both as a musician and as a producer. He recorded songs with bands like Phantom's Opera and Adrian Dodz. He also started a new company, and he began to work with a new Message album. In 1990, Fasano teamed up with Richie Sambora and Fasano did background vocals on Sambora's first solo album, Stranger in This Town. He also did background vocals on Jon Bon Jovi's second solo album, Destination Anywhere, which came out in 1997. Two years earlier, the first Message album was re-released throughout Long Island Records. It was released on 31 August 1995, in Germany.This album contained songs like "Any Other Girl" written by <mask>, M. Marconi, M. Terpos & L. Terpos, "Is There Love" written by Richie Sambora and "It Won’t Be Long" written by <mask>. In 1998, Fasano teamed up with Mike Walsh (guitar, keyboard and bass), Tom DeRossi (guitar), Jeff Thompsen (bass), Steve D'Acurtis (guitar, bass and sitar) and other musicians to release another album with Message. The album came out in 1998 and was released through Escape Music. The album was called Fine Line (The title track (FINE LINE) was written by Mark Allen Lanoue, and was originally recorded with <mask> on vocals in 1989–1990) and consisted of many hard rock ballads. 2000s
In 2000, he released two Message albums. He did another re-release on the first Message album. He called it Lessons and this release had four bonus songs.All the songs on this album were recorded around 1982–1983. As the previous Message album, this was released through Escape Music. The musicians that appear on this album is <mask> (lead vocals and guitar), Richie Sambora (guitar), Alec John Such (bass), Bruce Foster (Acoustic and electric piano and prophet 5), Simon Gannet (organ) and Andy Rubbo (drums). The other Message album that was released that year was called Outside Looking In. This time, Message consisted of <mask> (lead vocals and keyboards), Tim Hewitt (bass), Aaron Anderson (drums, percussions), Steve Morris (guitar and keyboard), Chris Ousey (harmony and backing vocals) and David Chapman (keyboards). This would be the last Message studio album. In 2006 <mask> decided to put together a live album.It was released the same year, simply called "Message Live". The musicians that played on this album were <mask> (lead vocals and additional keys), Richie Sambora (guitar and lead vocals), Alec John Such (bass), Dennis Amorusso (keys and saxophone) and Vinnie Sisser (drums). The CD had two bonus studio tracks that were recorded in Elmwood Park NJ at Panetta Studios in 1989-1990 : Just One Step Away & Fine Line (later released on MESSAGE FINE LINE in 1998): Musicians - <mask> - Lead Vocals, Mark Allen Lanoue (Chasing Karma/BILOXI/Persian Risk/Message)- Guitars, Chris Flowers - Drums, Mike Gear - Bass Guitar, Rob Karten - Keyboards. In 2007, Fasano coached Mark Lanoue on vocals during the recording of BILOXI III "In the Wake of the Storm". He also sang backgrounds on the song "I Pray". Family
<mask> married Geri Galamb in 1989. They had three children, Jake, Max and Chaz.Death
He died in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, of coronary artery disease on December 8, 2009, at the age of 54. Discography

Studio albums
 Message - around 1980, unknown label
 Prophet - 1985, Total Experience Records
 Message - 1995, Long Island Records
 Fine Line - 1998, Escape Music
 Lessons - 2000, Escape Music
 Outside Looking In - 2000, Escape Music

Live albums
 Message Live - 2006, Two Sun Songs

References

External links
Allmusic.com credits
Legacy.com

1955 births
2009 deaths
American rock songwriters
American rock singers
People from Mountainside, New Jersey
People from Woodbridge Township, New Jersey
Singer-songwriters from New Jersey
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male musicians
American male singer-songwriters

masks:
Dean Fasano
Dean Fasano
Fasano
Fasano
Fasano
Fasano
Fasano
Dean Fasano
Dean Fasano
Dean
Dean Fasano
Dean Fasano
Fasano
Dean Fasano
Dean Fasano
Dean Fasano