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<mask> (April 30, 1849 – December 26, 1897) was a rancher in the western United States in the late 19th century. The community of Frenchglen, Oregon was partially named for him. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> in Missouri on April 30, 1849. In 1850, his father moved the family to Colusa County, California, a town located in the Sacramento Valley, to begin a small ranch. Finding there was not enough room for small ranch operations due to Spanish land grants, <mask>'s father uprooted his family once again and traveled north in the valley. <mask>'s father began a sheep ranch which became very successful; however, as <mask> grew older, he found that the work was not exciting or challenging enough for him. <mask> moved southward to Jacinto, California where he met and accepted employment as a horse breaker with Dr. Hugh James Glenn, a wealthy stockman and wheat baron.French was a quick learner and good worker, and in a few months he was promoted to foreman. The Spanish-speaking vaqueros liked and respected French, as he learned their language. At some point in his employment with Glenn, French assumed the name "<mask>". Glenn had expanded his assets as widely as possible in the area, and began to scout new areas for his profitable markets. In 1872, he sent French to Oregon with 1,200 head of Shorthorn cattle, a handful of vaqueros, and a Chinese cook. He ended up in southeastern Oregon to find vast grasslands amid the arid high desert. Upon his arrival in the Catlow valley, <mask> and his men came upon a poor prospector named Porter.Porter sold his small herd of cattle to French, and with the sale of his cattle went his squatter's rights to the west side of the Steens Mountain and his "P" brand. As French ventured further, he found the Blitzen Valley, where the Donner und Blitzen River snaked northward  to Malheur Lake. This became his favorite spot, where he set up his base camp. He built shelters for his herd, line cabins, and bunkhouses for his men. Thus, the P Ranch was born. Cattle king
After several years, <mask>'s small cattle operation had expanded, helped in large part by Glenn as his financier. The P Ranch became the headquarters for his growing cattle empire.He and his men built fences, drained marshlands and irrigated large areas of land, broke hundreds of horses and mules, and cut and stacked native hay. <mask>'s empire expanded to include the Diamond Valley, the Blitzen Valley, and the Catlow Valley. The land encompasses approximately 160,000 to 200,000 acres (650 to 800 km²). A shrewd businessman, French took advantage of the Swamp and Overflow Act, which allowed marshland to be purchased at $1.25 an acre. He built dams to flood areas, bought the land under the Swamp Act at the reduced price, then removed the dams to return the land to its original state. <mask> also directed his employees and others to file homestead claims that he would then purchase. His attempts at seizing more and more land even included fencing lands in the public domain.In 1883, <mask> married Glenn’s daughter Ella. Glenn was murdered three weeks later by a former employee. <mask> continued to manage the Oregon operation for the Glenn family, selling more cattle to help pay the family’s debts. In 1894, Glenn’s heirs decided to incorporate the French-Glenn partnership into the French-Glenn Livestock Company, making <mask> the company president. <mask> was divorced in 1891. In June 1878 the native Paiute and Bannock (both closely associated with the Shoshone tribes) population at the base of the Steens Mountain swooped upon the P Ranch, but not before a messenger could warn French of the impending attack. French and all but one of his men were able to escape.The attacks continued throughout the summer. The Paiutes burned buildings and homes, ran off cattle and horses, and at least once shot French's horse out from under him. At one point, French even accompanied the U.S. 1st Cavalry Regiment to guide the Army through the area. In the 1880s and 1890s, stockmen and smaller farmers fought over land and water rights. Aggression over such rights and French's large spread of land drew a certain loathing toward him. Death
French was shot in the head on December 26, 1897 by Edward Lee Olivier. The bullet entered between French's right eye and right ear just below his temple and exited just behind the top of his left ear.He died instantly. John William "<mask>" <mask> was buried in Red Bluff, California next to the graves of his father and mother at the Oak Hill Cemetery. Circumstances leading to death
<mask>'s greed pushed him to harass local homesteaders in attempts to push them off their land. When French-Glenn brought Ejectment lawsuits against multiple homesteaders in 1896 and 1897, it turned the homesteaders tolerance to acrimony. French weaponized the judicial system filing suit in the faraway courthouse of Portland, Oregon. He did this for three reasons. First, to burden homesteader families by forcing them to travel.Second, to impose maximum costs on them. And third, because public sentiment in Harney County would likely prejudice a jury against French-Glenn. The Portland court sent the case back down to Harney County courthouse where it belonged. This started a maelstrom of court filings from local homesteaders and French-Glenn alike. Tensions toward French grew to a crescendo that would ultimately lead to his death. This was no surprise to anyone, not even French himself. For years he openly shared that he believed he may end up getting himself killed.Trial of Edward Olivier
Olivier was initially charged with murder. He pled not guilty and was let out on $10,000.00 bail that was furnished by seven local supporters. The day before the trial was to begin, the charges were dropped. Supporters of French called the trial "fixed" however, the prosecution aimed for a lesser charge of Manslaughter to counter Olivier's claim of self-defense. The trial began May 18, 1898 in the Harney County Courthouse. Olivier had been in a dispute with French for some time about an easement that would grant Olivier the legal right to cross through a piece of French's land to get to Olivier's home. Without an easement Olivier would be forced to increase his travel by over 6 miles.It had been reported by more than a few that French made it a habit to punish Olivier for his supposed trespassing in humiliating fashion. He had quirted (whipped with a horse whip) Olivier in public at least 5 times. Lifelong rancher Alva Springer testified for the defense to French's public ridicule, "Here sits a little man who has nothing to say. You were in my field yesterday. Whenever the time comes right and I catch you there, I will fix you." Several others testified to witnessing French's public promise to "fix", even "shoot", Olivier if the opportunity is ever presented. The state had called nearing twenty witnesses, seven of which were French employees and witnessed the killing from varying distances.Their claims were more or less the same. Olivier was seen riding toward the gate that would have given him access to cross through French's land. French was at the gate working a cattle drive that day. Olivier was witnessed colliding horse to horse with French as French yelled at Olivier. French was seen swinging his hand the way one swings a whip although witnesses testified they did not actually see a whip perhaps because of the distance between them. Olivier continued westerly toward his home behind French as French had turned his horse around. Olivier drew his gun and pointed it at <mask>'s head.French ducked. Olivier lowered his gun and when French turned his head back to look at Olivier, Olivier raised his gun again and fired. French fell from his horse. Olivier stopped, looked down at French dead on the ground and rode away in the direction of his home. Olivier's defense hinged on the purported belief that he feared that when French turned his head away, it was to buy time to draw a weapon and finally "fix" Olivier. French was not armed with a gun but was carrying his horse whip. One of the seven witnesses that testified for the prosecution was <mask>, <mask>'s brother, employee and resident of P Ranch.He testified "Never saw my brother strike Olivier with anything." Over twenty witnesses testified to Olivier's defense. One was a man by the name of J. P. Kennedy who testified that he saw <mask> in Portland, OR, on January 2, 1898, little more than a week after <mask> was killed. Kennedy testified that <mask> told him, "I don't like to say anything against my brother, but I can't blame Olivier for doing as he did." A jury found defendant, Edward Olivier, not guilty. Controversy
If you wanted to know what happened to <mask>, you would have heard a different tale depending on where you lived. The San Francisco Chronicle received their sourcing through channels biased toward French's largesse.The Portland news accounts were no exception. It seemed the faraway cities feigned sophistication and sanctimony over the incredulity of the death of such a nobleman but the real story lay among those that lived inside of it. A story published in the Oregonian newspaper in Portland on December 28, 1897, two days after French's killing read, "<mask> Dead - Shot and Killed by a Man Named Oliver reported to be a cold-blooded murder-affair occurred at Canyon City." An article published on 29 December in the San Francisco Chronicle read, "Killed as he fled from his assailant. How French was slain. Shot down on his own land while unarmed. The murderer escaped."On 30 December The Oregonian ran a story that said, "He [Olivier] is a man about 30 years of age, small of stature, and looks little like a criminal." These are the same publications that inaccurately reported French arriving in Harney County from Chicago on or about Christmas day. On 29 December, the San Francisco Chronicle reported "French returned a few days ago from Chicago." This comports with the account in the book, Cattle Country of <mask> where French is lauded as an enterprising, heroic pioneer. It reads, "<mask> returned from a business trip to Chicago on Christmas Day of 1897. In Burns, he had Mart Brenton at the livery stable hook his team onto the buckboard, which was loaded with gifts he had brought for the children of his crew. He then drove directly to the Sod House Ranch.That night there was a Christmas Party, with all the children happy over the holiday and the men and women in a festive mood." It is easy to deduce the sourcing of the tales of <mask>. The San Francisco Chronicle reported incorrectly and the picture painted by the book, Cattle Country of <mask> French is as fanciful as it is farcical. But it was not just city folk that engaged in exaggerations about French. A local attorney in Burns, John W. Biggs, enjoyed telling the fabricated story of <mask> having Christmas Dinner with the Biggs' family the day before he was murdered. His daughter, Helen Biggs Rand outs her father in her manuscript, A Few Recollections of Burns catalogued in the Harney County Library. Bias favoring the rich is nothing new.But <mask> returned to Harney County from Chicago, IL by way of Omaha, NE with William Hanley around the middle of December, 1897. In the December 15th, 1897 edition of the local newspaper, the Burns Times-Herald, it states, "<mask> was in town a few days this week on his way home from the east where he had been with beef cattle." <mask> arrived in mid December to work. His men were there to work. They worked on Christmas Day as though it were just a normal work day. And they worked the day after Christmas day when French was killed. Mystery
There are two accounts of hearsay that unfold the greater mystery about the death of <mask>.This is the first. Emanuel Clark was with French on Christmas Day, 1897. Clark was a member of his crew and explained his version of the death of <mask> to a man named John Scharff. The following is what he reported. <mask> and his crew put in a day of work driving cattle on Christmas Day, 1897. His crew was made up of his right hand man, Chino, Emanuel Clark, William Gilliam, Arthur Cooper, Frank Chacarrategue, David Crow, Prim Ortego, <mask>, Pete's brother and a newcomer who went by the name Caldwell. Chino and his horse had suffered a fall and he was pretty beaten up so <mask> traded his buckboard wagon to Chino, took Chino's horse and sent Chino off to P Ranch while <mask> drove the cattle.Before sending Chino off, <mask> pulled out his pistol in its scabbard from the buckboard and buckled it on as he fielded questions from his men. Then he thought different, unbuckled the pistol, put it inside his pack and instructed Chino to take his pack back to P Ranch and leave it in <mask>'s room. All that were present witnessed that French would be working unarmed. Later that night Emanuel Clark and <mask> decided to spend the night at the Sod House before returning to drive cattle the next morning. Caldwell, the newcomer, told French he would camp with friends and family down by the lake but would meet up with them at daylight to begin the day's work. The next day, Caldwell never showed. The second bit of hearsay comes from a woman by the name of Clara Springer.She was the granddaughter of Alva Springer, a homesteader embroiled in litigation against French over land at the time of <mask>'s killing. French had sought to make an example out of Springer who was well regarded as both tough and fair. In 1994, in research for his book, Life and Death of Oregon "Cattle King" <mask> 1849 - 1897, author Edward Gray, interviewed Clara Springer. During the interview Clara kept repeating herself, "I know something about the death of <mask> that nobody knows." It was as if a secret she had kept for too long had taken a life of its own and demanded to be told. She let it out. She said Olivier lied during his trial.Olivier said he left the George Curtis place and headed directly for his homestead on the day of the killing but Clara said that was not true. What Olivier did not tell the court was that he met up with Alva Springer on top of one of the hills overlooking French, his men, and the cattle they were driving that day. Another man named Albert Reineman Sr. was there too. She said Springer cautioned Olivier telling him he should make the extra six mile journey home. Some believe Caldwell unwittingly collected valuable information about French on that fateful Christmas Day. They say news that French was unarmed may have traveled fast. Even if it did, that does not mean that Olivier did not act in self defense but it also does not mean he was innocent either.Perhaps French's history of brazen acts of dominance over Olivier could be dependably relied on and that act could provide Olivier with a justified response. Or perhaps French was murdered in a calculated, premeditated way. Perhaps there were several conspirators to that end. We will never really know. See also
<mask> Round Barn

References

Further reading

<mask>, Giles. "Cattle Country of <mask>." Binfords & Mort, 1972.Gibson, Elizabeth. "<mask>, Cattle Baron." Harney County Sherriff. "The Death of <mask>." External links
<mask> biography from the Oregon Historical Society

People from Harney County, Oregon
Oregon Country
1849 births
1897 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Oregon
Oregon pioneers
Ranchers from Oregon
People murdered in Oregon

masks:
Peter French
Peter French
John William French
French
French
French
French
Peter
French
French
French
French
French
French
French
French
Peter
French
French
French
Burt French
Pete French
Burt French
Pete French
Burt French
Pete French
Peter French
Peter French
Peter French
Pete French
Peter
Pete French
French
Peter French
French
Pete French
Pete French
Pete French
Burt French
French
French
French
French
French
French
Peter French
Pete French
Pete French
French
Peter French
Pete French
Peter French
Peter French


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<mask> (ẖnmw-ḥtp, "Khnum is pleased") was an ancient Egyptian Great Chief of the Oryx nome (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) during the reign of pharaohs <mask> and Senusret II of the 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom (20th century BCE). He is well known for his tomb at Beni Hasan and its decorations. Biography and family

He was a member of a powerful family of nomarchs and officials which was likely founded by his grandfather Khnumhotep I and housed in Men'at Khufu. Khnumhotep II held many titles such as hereditary prince and count, foremost of actions, royal sealer, sole friend, member of the elite, overlord of Nekheb, and also overseer of the Eastern Desert, a position which he held from Year 19 of Amenemhat II until at least Year 6 of Senusret II i.e. the date which appears in Khnumhotep's tomb. Like most nomarchs of the time he also held some priestly charges. His predecessor as nomarch was probably his relative Netjernakht, and Khnumhotep honored him by building his tomb.His mother was Baqet while his father was an official named Neheri. Khnumhotep had two wives, the main of them was Khety, herself a daughter of the unnamed nomarch of the neighbouring 17th nome with Hardai as capital. Like her husband, Khety held a remarkable number of titles such as daughter of a governor, king's acquaintance, foremost of actions, lady of the house, and was also a priestess of Hathor and Pakhet. Khnumhotep's secondary wife was Tjat who held few, modest titles such as sealer, lady of the house and one who knows her lord; she is the only known female sealer at the court of a local governor. Those peculiarities and the fact that both consorts appears several times in Khnumhotep's tomb suggests that the one between him and Khety was likely a politically arranged marriage while Tjat could have been his true love who was appointed sealer by him in order to have her closer. From his two consorts, Khnumhotep II had several children:
Nakht inherited his maternal grandfather's charge of nomarch at Hardai
Khnumhotep IV, followed his father as nomarch of the 16th nome, but does not appear in his father's tomb and is only known by his unfinished tomb at Beni Hasan
Khnumhotep III entered to the royal court where he managed to become high steward and later vizier
Neheri was buried in a small tomb at Beni Hasan where a stela of him was found
another son is known for being a "mayor" in a contiguous nome. For more about Khnumhotep's genealogy, see "Nomarchs of the Oryx nome".The tomb BH3

Khnumhotep II is buried in Beni Hasan in the rock-cut Tomb 3 (BH3), one of the most notable of the whole necropolis. In ancient times, the tomb would have been approached via a path that was distinguishable by dark brown boulders on either side; the path extended from the open outer court down the hill to the edge of the cultivated land. The tomb is fronted by a columned portico and a small courtyard; the courtyard would have been surrounded by mud-brick walls. The small columned portico is on the west side of the courtyard, directly in front of the tomb entrance. The ceiling of the portico is curved similar to the shape of a segmented barrel. The rock around the doorway leading inside the tomb to the chapel was smoothed and flattened, on which a fourteen line inscription is giving the list of the festal days for the services of funeral offerings, called percheru, along with the name and titles of Khnumhotep II. The floor of the main chamber (also referred to as the chapel) is sunk into the ground below the level of the open outer court and is descended into by three steps.The chapel is the main chamber cut straight back into the cliff almost symmetrical with 4 columns and two large shafts (that lead to burial chambers) are cut into the floor. These four main columns support a ceiling that is divided by three segmented barrel shapes. These vaults are painted in a pattern that may be referencing a tent. The only light for this chamber would have come from the doorway to the portico and originally a door, between the portico and the chamber, could have been used to close the tomb to the outdoor elements. Percy Newberry notes that the only remain from the inward swinging door is the pivot-hole. On the doorjambs are prayers to Osiris and Anubis above a seated Khnumhotep II who is facing inward. At the back of this main room (east wall) is a small rectangular shine approached by a step about  high.Newberry mentions that from his survey of the tomb there was a statue here of a seated <mask> II, but the entire statue had been cut away and only a portion of the seat remains. On the wall are also depicted Khnumhotep's most notable officials and employees at his local court, which somewhat resemble a downscaled version of the royal court with a local treasurer and many stewards and overseers. In the main chamber there is an autobiography of the deceased; it begins to the left of the entrance to the shrine and runs counterclockwise around the walls of the main chamber, ending to the right of the doorway leading to the shrine. The main types of information included are about the actions <mask> II performed during his lifetime, his family and their lives, as well as the close relationship of his family to the royal house, Khnumhotep's excellent character, and his request to visitors that offerings are made to him. On the west wall of the chamber are scenes showing mainly the preparations for the funeral and the resurrection of the deceased. This is exemplified by the boat voyages making a connection between Khnumhotep II and the god Osiris. The orientation of the boats within the tomb literally has them travel south to Abydos (right of the entrance) and north to return (left of the entrance).The wall collectively ensures the tomb owner of rebirth in the afterlife where he will be sustained through cult activities. On the eastern end of the north wall there is a large-scale standing figure of <mask> II receiving offerings primarily of several types of animals and birds. Procession of the Aamu

What makes this tomb stand out among the 39 large rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan is the well known scene of the Aamu group from Shu, Asiatic nomadic traders who are sometimes considered Hyksos or at least their forerunners; the group, led by a man called Absha (or Abisha, Abishai), was bringing offerings to the deceased. Though there are fifteen people depicted in the scene, the accompanying inscription mentions there were 37 persons. The west end of the wall has another large-scale figure of <mask> II only here he is facing right and using a bow to hunt in the desert which is on the edge of the Egyptian world, the boundary between order (maat) and chaos. It has been interpreted that in this scene <mask> <mask> is assuming the role of the king dominating over the chaotic power of the desert. The east wall houses the entrance to the shrine, as well as two large depictions of <mask> II hunting in the marshes, one on the north side and the other on the south side.To the south he is harpooning two fishes and to the north he is fowling with a throwing stick. These hunting in the marshes scenes help protect the deceased in the afterlife as well as guarantee his rebirth through connotations of sexuality. Beneath him, north of the door, there are pictures of several people fishing and beneath him on the south side are representations of fighting boatmen. Collectively this wall represents the perpetual renewal of Khnumhotep II. The fourth wall of this tomb, south wall, was dedicated to the celebration of the cult meal of Khnumhotep II and his wife Khety. The east end of the wall  features the deceased seated in front of an offering table covered with offerings holding a flail, traditionally seen as a symbol of royalty or divinity, in his right hand. At the west end of the wall there is an illustration of Khety sitting in front of a full offering table.She is facing left and participating in her husband's meal presented by his cult. The shrine portrays a smaller version of the offering cult and in many ways can be seen as an expansion from the false door of the Old Kingdom, where a statue inside a niche could have been integrated. The placing of statues in the chapel itself is a new funerary art style that appeared in the Middle Kingdom tombs. References

Further reading

Nomarchs
Officials of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
Ancient Egyptian priests

masks:
Khotep II
Amenehat II
Khnumhotep
Khnumhotep
Khnumhotep
Khnumhotep
Khnumhotep
II
Khnumhotep


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<mask>  (born May 25, 1979) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player and current associate head coach of the Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey program. She was a member of the Canadian national women's ice hockey team and a member of Canadiennes de Montreal in the Canadian Women's Hockey League. Among her many accomplishments are four Olympic gold medals, 12 IIHF Women's World Championship medals (six gold, six silver), 12 Four Nations Cup medals (eight gold, four silver) and four Clarkson Cup championships. <mask> is in the Top 10 in all-time NCAA scoring with 229 career points. She is a member of the Triple Gold Club (not officially recognized by the IIHF for women) as one of only three women to win the Clarkson Cup, an Olympic gold medal and an IIHF Women's World Championship gold medal. Along with teammates Jayna Hefford and Hayley Wickenheiser, <mask> is one of only five athletes to win gold in four consecutive Olympic games. Nicknamed Caro by her teammates, she started playing hockey at the age of nine.She is the co-founder of athletichub.com, which helps student-athletes navigate the recruitment process, and an ambassador for Right to Play and Carrément Rose. <mask> retired as a player from Canada's national women's team on September 25, 2018. Playing career

Named to 2014 Olympic roster for Canada. <mask> played for Team Quebec at the 1995 Canada Winter Games, and won gold for Canada's Under 18 team in 1997. When the Canadian Under 19 women's hockey team was founded on May 15, 1996, Ouellette was one of the played name to the team. One of her teammates was future Olympic speed skater Cindy Klassen. The head coach was Daniele Sauvageau Ouellette represented Team Quebec at the 1998 Esso women's hockey nationals.She scored a goal and two assists in the bronze medal game, as Team Quebec was awarded the Maureen McTeer Trophy. During the 2011 IIHF Eight Nations Tournament, <mask> assisted on all three goals as Canada defeated Finland by a 3–2 tally in round robin play. In the gold medal game of the 2011 Four Nations Cup, <mask> notched a goal in a 4–3 loss. <mask> has taken part in 3 Olympic Games, 9 World Championships and 9 Four Nations Cups. In 157 international games with Team Canada, <mask> has racked up 169 points. In a game versus Russia at the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship, <mask> logged three assists in a 14–1 victory. <mask> would score the game-winning goal in overtime versus the United States in the final game at the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship, as Canada claimed the gold medal.NCAA
<mask> attended the University of Minnesota Duluth and played for the Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey program. <mask> set an NCAA record for most shorthanded goals in one game with 2. This was accomplished on November 14, 2003 versus North Dakota. In the 2004–05 season, <mask> was a factor on more than 60 percent of goals scored by the Bulldogs. Among the top nine scorers on the Bulldogs, she had nine penalties, which were the fewest. Throughout her NCAA career, she never had double digits in penalties. By season's end, she was one of three finalists for the Patty Kazmaier Award.<mask> is ranked third in all-time leading scoring in Bulldogs history and was named to the WCHA All-Decade team in 2009. She joined the national team in 1999 and has won four world championships (1999, 2000, 2001 and 2004) and four Olympic gold medals with the team (2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014). CWHL

During the 2000–01 NWHL season, <mask> played with the Montreal Wingstar and finished third in league scoring with 53 points. She would also spend one season competing with the Minnesota Whitecaps in the former Western Women's Hockey League. In 2008–09, Ouellette joined the Montreal Stars. She won CWHL Top Scorer of the Month honours in November (tying the league record with 19 points in just six games) and December. At year's end, she was named CWHL Most Valuable Player.By winning a third gold medal in women's Olympic hockey, she became the Bulldog hockey player with the most gold medals. By winning the 2009 Clarkson Cup, <mask> became an unofficial member of the Triple Gold Club (the accomplishment by women is not yet officially recognized by the IIHF), as she became one of only three women (at the time) to win the Clarkson Cup, a gold medal in ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics, and a gold medal at the IIHF World Women's Championships. In 2010–11, <mask> won the Angela James Bowl as the CWHL's scoring leader with 68 points. She also became the first two-winner of the league's Most Valuable Player award. In the championship game of the 2011 Clarkson Cup, <mask> led all scorers with three points (one goal, two assists). On December 11, 2016, <mask> logged a pair of assists, eclipsing the 300-point mark. Of note, <mask> became the first player in the history of the CWHL to reach this plateau.Coaching career
For the 2007–2008 season, <mask> was an assistant coach with the University of Minnesota Duluth women's hockey team alongside American Olympic ice hockey player Julie Chu. With Hockey Canada, she was an assistant coach for the Women's National Under-18 Team for
a three-game series vs. the US in August 2008. She joined the coaching staff of the Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey program in the autumn of 2012. Personal life
<mask> graduated from the University of Minnesota Duluth in 2005 with a degree in criminology and women's studies, and she graduated from the National Police Academy in Quebec in 2000. She played for Quebec in softball at the 1997 Summer Canada Games. On September 11, 2010, the Centre Etienne Desmarteau in Montreal, named one of the two rinks in the arena in Ouellette's honour. <mask> is involved in raising funds for the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation, a disease has affected the <mask> family.On January 21, 2011, <mask>, along with University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldog alumni Jenny Potter and Maria Rooth, took part in a ceremonial faceoff to mark the first ever game at Amsoil Arena at her alma mater in Duluth. She participated in various festivities commemorating the 2012 NHL All-Star Game in Ottawa, Ontario. Said festivities included an interview (along with a fan question and answer period) at the Sirius XM Stage at the Scotiabank NHL Fan Fair, the Energizer Night Skate at the Ottawa Rink of Dreams (relocated from the Rideau Canal), and attended the Molson Canadian NHL All-Star Skills Competition on Saturday, January 28, 2012. On April 17, 2012, <mask> (along with Meghan Agosta, Gillian Apps, Courtney Birchard, and head coach Dan Church) took part in the opening faceoff of the playoff game between the Ottawa Senators and the New York Rangers at ScotiaBank Place. <mask> is married to American hockey player and Olympic silver-medalist Julie Chu. <mask> and Chu announced the birth of their daughter Liv in November 2017. They welcomed their second child, Tessa, in May 2021.Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

Hockey Canada
2019 Hockey Canada Female Breakthrough Award
 Isobel Gathorne-Hardy Award, 2013

CWHL
 Clarkson Cup Top Forward, 2009
 Clarkson Cup Top Scorer, 2009
 CWHL Most Valuable Player, 2008–09 and 2010–11
 CWHL First All-Star Team, 2008–09
 Angela James Bowl, 2010–11

NCAA
<mask>, 2003 NCAA Division I Women's Ice Hockey Tournament Most Valuable Player
 <mask>, NCAA leader, 2003–04 season, Points per game, 2.38
 <mask>, NCAA leader, 2003–04 season, Assists per game, 1.47
 February 7, 2005: <mask> became the third Minnesota Duluth player to be named a Patty Kazmaier Top-10 Finalist for two straight seasons. March 3, 2005: <mask> is named UMD's first ever WCHA Student-Athlete of the Year, while also earning a spot on the All-WCHA First Team. In addition, she is named to the WCHA All-Academic Team. March 6, 2005: <mask> is named to the WCHA All-Tournament Team. March 14, 2005: <mask> becomes the second Bulldog to be named a Patty Kazmaier Top-3 Finalist. March 23, 2005: <mask> is honored with the USCHO.com Sportsmanship Award and a Second Team selection. March 28, 2005: <mask> is named a CCM All-America First Team selection for the second straight season.National Honours
 In 2019 She was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada. This will give her the Post Nominal Letters "OC" for Life. References

External links

 <mask> website
  Live The Dream, <mask>, Life After the World Championships for Ouellette
   Interview de <mask>lette à la revue Elle Québec

1979 births
Living people
Angela James Bowl winners
Canadian women's ice hockey forwards
Clarkson Cup champions
French Quebecers
Sportspeople from Montreal
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
LGBT ice hockey players
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey players
Montreal Canadiennes players
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players of Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Officers of the Order of Canada
LGBT sportspeople from Canada
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Caroline Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouellette
Caroline Ouel


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<mask> (born 1945) is an American materials research engineer at NASA Glenn Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Hurwitz is known for her work on heat-resistant materials, aerogels, Space Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation and Shuttle Return to Flight. Hurwitz studied at Harpur College -SUNY Binghamton, Syracuse University, and Case Western Reserve University. She has been and continues to be instrumental in the development of aerogels used at NASA and in developing and testing new aerospace materials. Education
Born in New York City, Hurwitz attended Harpur College at SUNY Binghamton from 1963-1966 and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry. She worked as a chemist at a pharmaceutical company for a short time before returning to school at Syracuse University, where she received a Master's degree in Library Science at the School of Information Studies at Syracuse in 1968. While at Syracuse University, she was employed as an indexer at Upstate Medical Center on one of the first medical information retrieval systems based upon the National Library of Medicine's indexing system; her first published paper was on literature indexing.On completion of her M.S. in Library Science, she worked in a pharmaceutical company as a technical reference librarian. Hurwitz then went on to pursue her M.S (1976) and Ph.D. (1979) degrees in Macromolecular Science and Engineering at Case Western Reserve University’s School of Engineering in the Department of Macromolecular Science

Career
<mask> was initially hired by NASA as a chemist in 1979 at the Glenn Research Center. She has now become a Senior Materials Research Engineer specializing in thermal protection systems and in aerogels based materials, creating new materials for aeronautics and space applications. Hurwitz is a member of the American Chemical Society, the American Ceramic Society and the Society of Women Engineers

She served as Chief of the Polymers Branch of the Materials and Structures Division from February 2012 to February 2013. She was also a member of several Space Shuttle Return to Flight teams and has represented NASA on various Department of Defense Technical Advisory Committees. She currently works as Senior Materials Research Engineer at NASA Glenn Center.Space Shuttle Columbia
On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart upon re-entry to Earth. <mask> was a consultant to the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB). Her efforts contributed to receipt of a NASA Team Achievement Award in 2003 for testing of materials to resolve failure mechanisms as part of the CAIB investigation. Since Return to Flight, she has continued research on thermal aging of space materials and has led research efforts in ceramic matrix composites, thermal protection systems, and lightweight aerogel materials. Aerogels
Aerogels are composed of 99.8% air, or empty space. This solid matter is usually made by removing the liquid from Silica Gels, leaving behind just the molecular structure of Silicon Dioxide (SiO2). Hurwitz has, instead, researched producing aerogels with a different chemical composition so the properties of aerogels, like the temperature limits, would increase and allow space travel to be safer.She has helped create an Aluminosilicate aerogel, which caused the lower thermal conductivities of the aerogels to be able to withstand temperatures higher than 900. This allows this material to better insulate space shuttles and materials in space and in re-entry of the space objects, causing less damage to the shuttle itself and the people inside it. In the same research project, she experimented with aerogels by adding in Titanium to the Aluminosilicate gels, which allowed for bigger average pore sizes and higher pore volumes. She concluded that by adding Titanium to Aluminosilicate gels, the lower thermal conductivities can now go up to temperatures of 1,200 instead of the 900 limit of regular Silicon Dioxide gels. In addition, Hurwitz has conducted research that has shown a way to image aerogels with very small pores through the use of scanning electron microscopes. She and her team inserted nitrogen gas to neutralize negative charges in the gels which can then allow the SEM to be able to scan and successfully plot out the aerogel in detail with the pores shown, even pores as small as 3 nm in diameter

Current research
Since 2007, she has established techniques for fabricating composites for entry, descent, landing, and space power systems. She has also continued her work with aerogels at over 700.She is a technical advisor on materials for NASA programs including space power systems. Since 2012, she has been involved in research on insulation for inflatable decelerators for planetary and earth entry. The insulation used in the research is made of the aerogels that she has helped develop as they can withstand higher temperatures than others (see Previous Research section). These aerogels are also better to use because they are lighter than other materials which can resist the same amount of heat, causing the shuttle to be lighter than it would with the other materials and would make it easier to launch into space. These materials make it safer for re-entry since they are very good at heat insulation and can help reduce the risk of a shuttle burning up upon re-entry. She is currently exploring the shrinkage and toxicity of various Aluminosilicate gels that are being investigated. Personal life
The first person in her family to go to college was her uncle, who received a B.S.and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering. Her parents did not go to college, but they did place a high value on education for their children. However, her parents had expectations of them to go to college, get a bachelor's degree and go straight into the workforce, which caused Hurwitz to put off going to graduate school. She eventually went back to school and completed master's degree. <mask> has one sister who also graduated from SUNY Binghamton. <mask> married <mask> in 1968.They moved to Cleveland, Ohio in 1969 when Leon accepted a position as an instructor in the Department of Political Science at Cleveland State University. <mask> and Leon have 2 children, Elise J<mask> (b. 1970) and Jonathan S<mask> (b.1972), and four grandchildren. Awards and honors
<mask> has won over 20 NASA awards and the Society of Women Engineers Achievement Award. Two NASA awards have highlighted her career: the NASA Medal for Exceptional Achievement in 2000 “for exceptional scientific and leadership contributions that have had major impacts on several NASA and Department of Defense national ceramics programs.” She also was recognized with a NASA Team Achievement Award in 2003 due to her work on the Columbia Space Shuttle disaster (see Space Shuttle Columbia). In 2014, she received the Society of Women Engineers’ highest award and recognition, the Achievement Award, based upon her research for NASA, “exceptional leadership skills across disciplines”, and her work to make the work environment more equal for women. She has over 60 publications, has been cited over 550 times, and has contributed to 4 book chapters, over 100 scholarly articles, a patent), and has several patents pending

Selected publications
 <mask><mask>, Haiquan Guo, Richard B. Rogers, Erik J.Sheets, Derek R. Miller, Katy N. Newlin, Molly K. Shave, Anna R. Palczer, Michael T. Cox, “Influence of Ti addition on Boehmite-Derived Aluminum Silicate Aerogel: Structure and Properties”, J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 64(2): 367-374 DOI 10.1007/s10971-012-2866-8 (2012). F. I<mask>, M. K Shave, Richard B. Rogers, A. R. Palczer, H. Guo, “Influence of Boehmite Precursor on Structure and Properties of Aluminosilicate Aerogels”, Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci., 5(3) 276-286 (2014). DOI:10.1111/ijag.12070. <mask>, <mask> (2011).“Thermal Protection Systems”. Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering. Volume 4: Materials Technology. , DOI: 10.1002/9780470686652 eae211. Sola, Francisco, <mask>, Jijing Yang. 2011. "A New Scanning Electron Microscope Approach to Image Aerogels at the Nanoscale."IOPScience. Volume 22. <mask>, <mask>., Meghan Gallagher, Tracy C. Olin, Molly K. Shave, Marlyssa A. Ittes, Katy N... Olafson, Meredith G. Fields, Haiquan Guo, Richard B. Rogers. "Optimization of Alumina and Aluminosilicate Aerogel Structure for High-Temperature Performance". International Journal of Applied Glass Science 5 (3): 276-286. doi:10.1111/ijag.12070. References

1945 births
Living people
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American inventors
American materials scientists
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Harpur College alumni
NASA people
Syracuse University alumni
American women scientists
21st-century American women

masks:
Frances Irene Mazze Hurwitz
Frances Hurwitz
Frances Hurwitz
Frances Hurwitz
Frances
Leon Hurwitz
Frances
. Hurwitz
. Hurwitz
Frances Hurwitz
Frances I
. Hurwitz
. Hurwitz
Hurwitz
Frances
Frances Huwitz
Hurwitz
Frances I


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<mask> (, born October 7, 1986) is a Vietnamese-American former soccer midfielder and current assistant coach for the Washington Spirit in the NWSL. Nguyen holds dual citizenship in the United States and Vietnam. Youth and college
Nguyen graduated from Plano East Senior High School in his native Texas and was named National Gatorade Boys Soccer High School Player of the Year in 2005. He played one season for Indiana University in 2005, producing five goals and 12 assists in 22 games and was selected as 2005 National Freshman of the Year by Soccer America and Soccer Times. Nguyen was also a first team All-Big Ten selection and Big Ten Freshman of the Year. Club career

PSV Eindhoven
Nguyen began his professional career by signing a three-and-half-year deal with Dutch Eredivisie team PSV Eindhoven in February 2006, but after making just two appearances with the club's senior team, he moved on to get more first-team time somewhere else. Randers FC
On January 31, 2008, Nguyen signed with the Danish Superliga club Randers FC until the summer of 2009.He made 23 appearances with the club in parts of two seasons. Hoàng Anh Gia Lai
With Nguyen still hoping to remain in Europe but ready for a change of scenery, V.League 1 club Hoàng Anh Gia Lai, based in the centrally located city of Pleiku, gave his Vietnamese father a contract offer in January 2009 to pass along to his son. The offer was much more lucrative than what he could have hoped for anywhere else, but by accepting it he took himself completely off the United States Men's National Team radar at the age of 23 after just three appearances. Nguyen became the Vietnamese league's first American player when he signed with Hoàng Anh Gia Lai on January 17, 2009. He scored 13 goals and 16 assists in 24 appearances in all competitions for the club in 2009. Through club partnership connections, Nguyen spent the middle of 2009 training with English club Arsenal in the hopes of earning another contract in Europe. Becamex Binh Duong
In January 2010, Nguyen signed with another V.League 1 club, Becamex Binh Duong F.C.in Thủ Dầu Một. Injuries limited his impact as he scored just one goal in five appearances for the club in one and a half years. His desire to play for the U.S. was rekindled, however, by the August 2011 hiring of head coach Jurgen Klinsmann, whose style Nguyen hoped would better fit his midfield skills. Despite a large new contract offer in Vietnam, he decided to return to the U.S.

New England Revolution
Nguyen signed a multi-year deal with Major League Soccer on December 7, 2011 and was originally allocated to the Vancouver Whitecaps FC in a weighted lottery. He made three preseason appearances with Vancouver before being waived on March 1, 2012. On March 2, 2012, he was selected by the New England Revolution with the second overall pick in the MLS Waiver Draft. Nguyen made 30 regular-season appearances for the Revolution in 2012, including 27 starts.He finished second on the team with five goals and was voted the Midnight Riders Man of Year by the fans. His second career MLS goal—and second goal of the game against Vancouver on May 12—was one of four finalists for the MLS Goal of the Year Award. In 2013, Nguyen appeared in 33 league matches, scoring four goals and recording seven assists. In 2014, Nguyen led the Revolution with 18 goals and 5 assists, which is the most ever by a midfielder in an MLS season, and was again voted the Midnight Riders Man of the Year. For his contributions to the team—including 9 game-winning goals in the regular season—Nguyen was named as a finalist for the 2014 version of the Major League Soccer MVP Award along with Seattle Sounders forward Obafemi Martins and Los Angeles Galaxy forward Robbie Keane. Nguyen's goal against the Houston Dynamo also made it to the final round of voting for the 2014 version of the MLS Goal of the Year Award. Nguyen led the team in assists and finished second in scoring during the 2015 season.During the 2016 season, <mask> became the Revolution's team captain. He led the team in assists, with 10, and finished 3rd in goals scored, with 6. In August 2017, The Revolution reportedly rejected a $1 million bid for Nguyen from Israeli Premier League side Maccabi Haifa. He would finish the 2017 season first in assists, and second in goals scored, with 15 and 11 respectively. Citing frustration over his contract (he was at the time the seventh-highest paid player on the team, making $500,000, despite ranking fifth in the league in over-all goals over the previous four seasons), Nguyen reportedly demanded a trade at the end of the 2017 season on three separate occasions. The dispute would ultimately lead to his sitting-out the team's pre-season training camp. Los Angeles FC
On May 1, 2018, New England traded Nguyen to Los Angeles FC in exchange for $350,000 in General Allocation Money and $350,000 in Targeted Allocation Money.On July 26, 2018, Nguyen scored on a free kick leading Los Angeles FC to a 2–0 lead over LA Galaxy. The match ultimately ended 2-2 after a second-half comeback by their crosstown rival. Inter Miami CF
On November 19, 2019, Nguyen was selected by MLS expansion side Inter Miami CF in the 2019 MLS Expansion Draft. Return to New England Revolution
Nguyen was traded back to the Revolution on September 8, 2020 for a fourth-round selection in the 2021 MLS SuperDraft and up to $50,000 in General Allocation Money. International
After playing for several United States junior level squads, namely the Under-18s, Under-20s, and Under-23s, including being the only high school player named to the Under-20 roster for the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, Nguyen made his debut for the senior United States Men's National Team in a friendly against China on June 2, 2007. He made two other appearances with the team in 2007 as part of the Copa América roster. On November 10, 2014, Jürgen Klinsmann called up Nguyen for the first time in seven years for friendlies against Colombia and Ireland, and again on January 9, 2015, for the training camp ahead of friendlies versus Chile and Panama.Nguyen made his reappearance with the USMNT as a substitute in a friendly match against Costa Rica on October 13, 2015. Coaching career
On February 4, 2022, Nguyen announced his retirement from professional soccer and re-signed with the Washington Spirit as an assistant coach. Honors

Club
PSV Eindhoven
Eredivisie: 2006–07, 2007–08
Johan Cruijff Shield: 2008

Los Angeles FC
Supporters' Shield: 2019

Individual
MLS Best XI: 2014
Gatorade High School Soccer Player of the Year: 2005

Career statistics

Club

International

Personal life
<mask>'s father, Pham Nguyen, fled to the United States a few years before the fall of Saigon, in 1973, and they were later resettled in Richardson, Texas, where <mask> was born. His father was an avid soccer fan but he was forced to quit playing due to ongoing Vietnam War. In 2012, Nguyen was named one of The Boston Globe's 25 Most Stylish Bostonians. References

External links

1986 births
Living people
American sportspeople of Vietnamese descent
Sportspeople of Vietnamese descent
People from Richardson, Texas
Sportspeople from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
Soccer players from Texas
American soccer players
Association football midfielders
Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer players
Ajax Orlando Prospects players
PSV Eindhoven players
Randers FC players
Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC players
Becamex Binh Duong FC players
New England Revolution players
Los Angeles FC players
Eredivisie players
Danish Superliga players
V.League 1 players
Major League Soccer players
United States men's youth international soccer players
United States men's under-20 international soccer players
United States men's under-23 international soccer players
United States men's international soccer players
2007 Copa América players
American expatriate soccer players
American expatriate sportspeople in Vietnam
American expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
American expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Vietnam
Expatriate footballers in Denmark
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Inter Miami CF players
Washington Spirit non-playing staff

masks:
Lee Nguyen
Nguyen
Lee Nguyen
Lee


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<mask> (born April 12, 2000) is an American gun control activist. He rose to prominence during the 2018 United States gun violence protests as a student survivor of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, helping lead several high-profile protests, marches, and boycotts, including the boycott of The Ingraham Angle. He has also been a target and scapegoat of several conspiracy theories and right-wing accusations. With his sister <mask>, he wrote #NeverAgain: A New Generation Draws the Line, a book that made The New York Times bestseller list. They pledged to donate to charity all income from the book. As of September 2019, <mask> is a student at Harvard University. <mask> was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2018.He is the co-founder of Good Pillow, a pillow manufacturing company. Early life and education
Before attending Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, <mask> lived in Los Angeles, California. He is the son of <mask>, a former agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. His mother is Rebecca Boldrick, born in San Diego County, California and a teacher for Broward County Public Schools in Broward County, Florida. <mask> chose to attend Stoneman Douglas because it offered television production classes. He is a Teenlink reporter for the Sun Sentinel. He graduated on June 3, 2018.<mask> suffers from dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. <mask> had been accepted to several universities, but decided to take a year off before starting college to work on the 2018 mid-term elections. In December 2018, he announced that he had been accepted by Harvard University and started in the fall of 2019. <mask> reportedly had a 1270 SAT score and 4.2 weighted GPA. After <mask>'s sister <mask> graduated from Stoneman Douglas in 2021, he and his family relocated to Washington, D.C.

Stoneman Douglas High School shooting

On February 14, 2018, <mask> was a senior at Stoneman Douglas and on campus when a 19-year-old former student of the school entered Building 12 and started shooting with a semi-automatic rifle that coincided with the activation of the fire alarm. <mask>, who was in his AP environmental science class, told the teacher that the repeated "pop" sounds the class heard sounded like gunshots. <mask> and other students made an attempt to exit the building, but a janitor instructed the students to go back into the classroom.<mask> credits the janitor for saving them, as the group of students were inadvertently heading towards the shooter. A culinary arts teacher pulled <mask> and others inside her classroom and they hid in a closet. <mask> checked social media and discovered that the shooting was occurring at his high school. He used his cell phone to record the scene in real time, to interview the other students hiding in the closet, and to leave a record in the event that they did not survive the shooting. <mask>'s sister, <mask>, who was a freshman student at the time, corresponded with her brother via text message while the shooting was taking place. After about an hour, SWAT team police officers came into the classroom and escorted them out. <mask> reunited with his sister and father later that day.Gun control advocacy

Protests

After the school shooting, <mask> emerged as a leader in the 2018 United States gun violence protests. Along with Alfonso Calderon, Sarah Chadwick, X González, Cameron Kasky and other students, he turned to the media to talk about their role as survivors in the shooting and voice his opinion on gun control and gun violence. He called on elected officials to pass gun control measures and has been a vocal critic of officials who take donations from the NRA, and he has been urging them to compromise on legislation to save lives. <mask> joined the social media movement and student-led gun control advocacy group Never Again MSD shortly after its formation. <mask> flew to Los Angeles on February 21, 2018, to be on The Dr. Phil Show, along with his sister, to discuss the shooting. There, they met with survivors of the Columbine High School massacre. <mask>, along with González, blamed the National Rifle Association and the politicians to which they donate as being complicit in school shootings.He declined to go to the White House on February 21 to meet with President Donald Trump, saying that he had to be in Tallahassee, and that Trump could come to Parkland if he wanted to talk. Reactions by politicians
When Republican candidate Leslie Gibson, who was running unopposed for the Maine House of Representatives, described González as a "skinhead lesbian", and also insulted <mask> as a "bald-faced liar", Hogg called for somebody to challenge the Republican; Eryn Gilchrist, who was "horrified and embarrassed" by Gibson's comment, decided to run as a Democrat to challenge Gibson for the position, as did Republican former State Senator Thomas Martin, Jr., who said Gibson's remarks did not represent the Maine Republican Party and that he planned to contact the survivors to commend their courage. Gibson dropped out of the race in response to public reaction critical of his comments. Following the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, <mask> tweeted, "They can put up all the fencing around the capitol the real threats of @mtgreenee and @laurenboebert will still be inside until @GOPLeader takes a stand." Congresswoman Lauren Boebert (R-CO) retorted, “Give your keyboard a rest, child.” A video of Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA) harassing Hogg in 2019 went viral in January 2021. Recognition

<mask> was featured on the cover of an April 2018 edition of Time, along with fellow activists Alex Wind, Jaclyn Corin, González, and Kasky. 2nd Amendment views

Hogg states that he is a supporter of the Second Amendment and supports NRA members' right to own guns legally, saying, "We're calling out the NRA a lot and 99.9 percent of the people that are in the NRA are responsible, safe gun owners and I respect them for that, joining an organization that wants to support safe gun ownership is excellent."In an interview with Fox News, <mask> said he was for reasonable gun control such as regulations that prohibit those suffering from mental illnesses from acquiring guns. Asked what new legislation he wants to see, <mask> replied: "Raising the federal age of gun ownership and possession to the age of 21; banning all bump stocks; making sure that we have universal background checks; making sure that people that have committed acts of domestic violence are no longer able to get a gun, which in Florida, it's harder, it's just not impossible, fully, yet; and making sure that people with a criminal history and a history of mental illness are not able to obtain these weapons of mass destruction." Activism

Hogg criticized the media coverage of the Parkland shooting as well as its aftermath in that black students were not given a voice by the media; he said that his school was 25% black but "the way we're covered doesn't reflect that". In April 2018, Hogg initiated an effort to urge Speaker of the House Paul Ryan to bring a bill to the House of Representatives that required mandatory background checks for gun buyers; on Twitter, Hogg urged people to contact speaker Ryan and demand a vote on universal background checks. Hogg worked to develop an anti-NRA advocacy group to encourage young people to register and vote in the 2018 midterm elections and elect candidates who promise better gun control legislation. In May 2018, Hogg and other Never Again MSD students led a "die-in" protest at a Publix supermarket, with a mass of students lying down on the store's floor, as a rebuke of the supermarket's financial support of pro-NRA gubernatorial candidate Adam Putnam; the supermarket had contributed more than $670,000 to Putnam's campaign over three years. In addition, Hogg called on people to boycott Publix until the chain's support of Putnam stopped.As a result of the protest, Publix made a statement suspending support for Putnam. In August 2018, <mask> announced he was planning on running to become a member of the United States House of Representatives when he turns 25 years old (due to age of candidacy laws). On February 10, 2021, March For Our Lives announced that <mask> would take a leave of absence "to take some time for himself to reflect and recommit to the mission." Boycotts

Hogg called for students to boycott spring break in Florida and instead travel to Puerto Rico if gun control legislation was not passed by the Florida state government. Having finished high school in May 2018, <mask> took a gap year to campaign for politicians in favor of gun reform in the midterm elections. <mask> initiated a boycott of companies who advertise during The Ingraham Angle. <mask> called for the boycott after television host Laura Ingraham attacked him in a tweet about his lack of college acceptances, which Hogg characterized as cyberbullying.In response to the boycott, 24 advertisers left the show. Following the loss of advertisers, Ingraham apologized. <mask> dismissed the apology as insincere. The boycott drew mixed reactions. Ingraham was supported by Ted Nugent, Bill Maher, and by Russian bots on Twitter. Fox News continued to support Ingraham. Public polling showed that public perception of Fox News declined more than that of any advertiser.Simultaneously, Ingraham's viewership increased in the weeks following the boycott. Before, her viewership averaged 2.5 million. It jumped to 3 million when she returned after the boycott. Conspiracy theories and harassment

Shortly after the shooting, false claims appeared on social media claiming that the event never happened, and others accused <mask> and other students of being "crisis actors". After a series of televised interviews following the shooting, far-right figures and conspiracy theorists attacked <mask> in online media. <mask>'s family received death threats from various conspiracy theorists, according to <mask>'s mother. Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram reported removing posts that attack the students or accuse them of being actors.The conspiracy theories about <mask> and other Parkland activists were named PolitiFact'''s 2018 Lie of the Year. In April 2018, <mask> was threatened by Sinclair Broadcast Group TV host Jamie Allman from station KDNL-TV in St. Louis, who wrote a tweet threatening to insert a hot poker in his anus. Following a boycott of advertisers initiated by <mask> on The Allman Report, Allman resigned and his show was canceled. On the morning of June 5, 2018, Broward County Sheriff's Office received a false report from an anonymous caller claiming that there was a hostage situation in <mask>'s family home. The harassment tactic known as swatting was described by <mask>, several media organizations, and the sheriff's department as a prank. During a June 2019 interview with the Washington Post Magazine, <mask> said there have been seven attempts on his life. Business venture

In February 2021, <mask> announced that he and progressive tech entrepreneur William LeGate would start a company to compete with MyPillow, whose CEO Mike Lindell has spread unsubstantiated claims of voter fraud as a staunch supporter of former President Trump.<mask> announced the new venture in a series of tweets. The company name was later announced as Good Pillow. In early April 2021, <mask> announced in another series of tweets that he had resigned, released all his interest in the company to LeGate, and was leaving the venture. Bibliography

 The March for Our Lives Founders (2018). Glimmer of Hope: How Tragedy Sparked a Movement'' (contributor). Razorbill. .

References

External links

 On the Bill Maher show YouTube video
 CBS News Interview with <mask> and Gonzalez

2000 births
Living people
21st-century American writers
21st-century American journalists
Activists from California
Activists from Florida
American gun control activists
American shooting survivors
American child activists
American YouTubers
American male journalists
American male bloggers
American bloggers
American newspaper writers
American political writers
American activist journalists
Articles containing video clips
Crime witnesses
Gun politics in the United States
Place of birth missing (living people)
Journalists from California
Journalists from Florida
Male YouTubers
People from Los Angeles
People from Parkland, Florida
Stoneman Douglas High School shooting activists
Writers from Los Angeles
Writers from California
Writers from Florida
Video bloggers
People with dyslexia
People with post-traumatic stress disorder
American businesspeople

masks:
David Miles Hogg
Lauren Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Kevin Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Lauren Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Lauren Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
David Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
David
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
Hogg
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Hogg
Hogg


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<mask> (September 10, 1883 – January 8, 1926) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Pennsylvania (1909–1912), Purdue University (1913–1915), and the University of California, Berkeley (1916–1925), compiling a career college football record of 116–32–13. As head coach of the California Golden Bears football program, <mask> guided his "Wonder Teams" to a record of 74–16–7, captured five Pacific Coast Conference titles, and three national championships. <mask> was the winningest football coach in school history until he was surpassed by Jeff Tedford in 2011. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. Early life
<mask> was born in Dubois, Pennsylvania on September 10, 1883. As a freshman, he played for Penn State as a fullback.He shined at his position, both fearless and dominating on the field. In two years, he was convinced to transfer to Pennsylvania, then a superior program. There, in his senior season of 1904, he was named first-team All America for the national champion Quakers. After college, he entered the workforce with a degree in chemistry. Coaching career

Early coaching career
<mask> returned to Penn in 1905 as the coach of the freshmen team and in 1909, when he was 26, he became the head coach of Penn until 1912. During those four years <mask> had 30 wins, 10 losses and 3 ties. Following this success he switched to Purdue in 1913, where until 1915, he went 12–6–3.Cal and the "Wonder Teams"
The University of California had fielded a competitive football team since 1886. However, in 1906 it began playing rugby instead of football. This was because by that time football was considered a dangerous sport that could lead to serious injuries. California switched back to football in 1915, partly due to the fact that by that time rule changes made the game considerably safer. Due to his reputation, <mask> was recruited to come out west and became the first head coach of California's golden era. In 1916, his first year at Cal, <mask> posted 6 wins, 4 losses and 3 ties. In 1918, Cal won its first Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) championship.Also in 1918 <mask> hired future Cal football and basketball head coach Clarence Nibs Price as his assistant. Price had a southern California connection and was able to recruit key players to the team including Harold "Brick" Muller. The 1919 freshmen team went 11-1 and became the core of next year's varsity squad, to be known as the "Wonder Team." The 1920 Golden Bears team won all 9 games, outscored their opponents, 510 to 14, and capped off the season by defeating Ohio State in the Tournament of Roses East-West Game (now known as the Rose Bowl)  28–0. The NCAA has officially recognized them as the national champion of that season, the first from the Pacific Coast. "The Wonder Team at California in 1920 changed the entire picture of Western football." Next year the 1921 Golden Bears also finished undefeated and were again invited to play in the Rose Bowl.<mask> initially declined this invitation because he thought it was problematic that Cal's opponent, a little known team named the Washington and Jefferson Presidents, had players better than the average college, and at the same time had scholarship requirements well below California's. Eventually <mask> agreed to the match. With California being the overwhelming favorite, the match went nothing like it was expected. Because of the heavy rain the night before, it was played in a virtual mud pit. Both defenses were able to hold off their opponents and the game finished in a 0–0 tie. This Rose Bowl was <mask>'s last. The 1922 team was also undefeated and won the PCC.And same with the 1923 team. Both years the teams were invited to the Rose Bowl, however because of <mask>'s continuing disputes with the Rose Bowl committee, California declined both invitations. Like the 1920 team, the 1921 and 1922 teams are recognized as a national champion by the NCAA. On January 1, 1925, instead of the Rose Bowl, the 1924 Bears played an independently scheduled game against Pennsylvania at California's Memorial Stadium. Cal had 7 wins, 0 losses, and 2 ties, while 1924 Penn had 9 wins and 1 tie. Some consider Penn to be the best team of that year. California won that game 14–0.During an incredible five-season span from 1920 to 1924, <mask>'s "Wonder Teams" went undefeated, running up a record of 44 wins, 0 losses and 4 ties. Even though the two had never met during the Roaring Twenties, <mask>'s "Wonder Teams" are thought to rival Knute Rockne's Notre Dame teams. Furthermore, when in 1960 the Helms Athletic Foundation considered both the Wonder Teams and the Four Horsemen among others, it crowned the 1920 Cal Bears as the greatest football team in American history. Strategy and approach to coaching
<mask> said: "There are four mental qualifications necessary for success -- Aggressiveness, Obedience, Concentration and Determination. Add to this, Harmonious co-operation and you have the making of a real team." Always tough on his players, <mask> drilled them until a technique was perfected regardless of the time that it took. Despite this, his players were known to idolize <mask>, for they felt his respect towards them and his commitment to the team."Kick and wait for the breaks"
<mask>'s strategy is encapsulated in a motto: "Kick and wait for the breaks." He became known for his emphasis on the kicking game and defense-oriented strategy out of the short punt formation. During this era, the ball was often moved up the field not through offensive plays, but rather through punting. For <mask> this was standard when the ball was held deep in one's territory. And once the opposing team got the ball, the defense was relied on to make the other team's offense lose yards or fumble. To confuse the opponent, the punting could be done on first or second downs. If the opponent's safeties were close to the line of scrimmage, anticipating a short pass or a run, then the ball could be kicked over their heads resulting in a longer punt.This was repeated until a breakthrough play like a long yard rush would eventually occur and flip the field position. It was not uncommon for a team to kick more than 40 punts a game. <mask> also became known for trick plays such as the now-classic lateral to the halfback followed by a long, forward pass. At the time, because of the plump, rugby-like ball, long passes were unanticipated. Brick Muller, both an offensive and defensive star of the Wonder Teams, became known for this play. His 50-yard passes were previously thought impossible. Death and legacy

While in Philadelphia shortly after the 1925 season, <mask> was hospitalized with pneumonia.Several weeks later on January 8, 1926, he died at age 42 at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital. He left no family, all of his $30,000 estate going to the Berkeley community, including the Elks Club, California chapter of his fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon, and California Skull & Keys Society, with $10,000 going towards football scholarships. <mask>'s memorial service was held on January 16 at the gates of California Memorial Stadium, and in accordance with his wishes, his ashes were scattered over the stadium field. In 1927, the <mask> Bench on the sideline was dedicated in his honor. Built  in 1923, the stadium is still known as "The House that <mask> built" because the Wonder Teams' season tickets completely paid for it. <mask> was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. Both of the following quotes are inscribed on the Memorial Stadium's <mask> Smith Bench -
 "We do not want men who will lie down bravely to die, but men who will fight valiantly to live" and
 "Winning is not everything; it is far better to play the game squarely and lose than to win at the sacrifice of an ideal."The first was <mask>'s coaching creed and the second was reportedly said by him during his last interview in Philadelphia. In 1949, Garff Wilson, Professor of Dramatic Art and Speech, was asked to write a eulogy for <mask>, which was delivered by the ASUC President at the annual Big Game Bonfire Rally. Since then, the <mask> Eulogy has been delivered annually by candlelight at the conclusion of the bonfire. Coaching tree
<mask> often hired his former players as his assistant coaches. Walter Gordon who played on both offensive and defensive lines and became a third-team All American in 1918. Shortly after graduating, he was hired as an assistant coach and likely became the first African-American coach at a predominantly white college or university. Similarly, after graduating Brick Muller was hired by <mask> to coach the defensive ends.<mask>'s coaching tree includes:
Ernest Cozens
Charles F. Erb
Walter A. Gordon
Edwin C. Horrell
Leroy Mercer
Brick Muller
Alvin Pierson
Nibs Price
Crip Toomey

Head coaching record

References

External links

1883 births
1926 deaths
American football fullbacks
California Golden Bears football coaches
Penn Quakers football coaches
Penn Quakers football players
Purdue Boilermakers football coaches
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
People from Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
All-American college football players

masks:
Andrew Latham Smith
Smith
Smith
Andrew Latham Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Andy Smith
Andy
Smith
Andy
Andy Smith
Andy Smith
Andy Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


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<mask> (31 March 1902 – 20 January 1961) was a German musicologist and university lecturer. He was professor at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Life
Born in Magdeburg, <mask> was son of <mask> (chief engineer) and Klara Emmy Brandt in Magdeburg, Province of Saxony. He spent his childhood and youth in Essen, where he already prepared himself for the music teacher examination during his  period at the Essener Konservatorium (1911–1921) and completed this in 1921 in the main subject piano. In 1921 he began studying musicology. After one semester at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität he moved to the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, where he was a student of Johannes Wolf, Hermann Abert, Curt Sachs and Erich Moritz von Hornbostel. In 1925 <mask> was awarded the title of Dr. phil."composer" by Johannes Wolf at the Philosophical Faculty in Berlin with a dissertation on the performance practice of Italian music of the 14th century. After the Seizure of control of National Socialism, he joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party on 1 April 1933. (No. 1,691,130). From 1 June 1933 to 1 January 1934 he was Blockleiter and local group culture warden. 1934 he became leader of the Landesmusikerschaft Rheinland of the Reichsmusikkammer. From November 1935 to 1937 he was regional director of the Reichsmusikkammer im Gau Köln-Aachen.Heinz Drewes, whom he knew from his time as a student in Berlin, brought him to the Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda in 1937, where he was a consultant in Department X (music) until 1939. Still mentioned in 2007 in the Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich, Ernst Klee waived <mask>'s inclusion in the completely revised edition of 2009. Until 1937 <mask> held several teaching positions at music schools, among other at the Witte Conservatory Essen (1925–1933), at the Sievert Conservatory Wuppertal (1925–1935) and at the Folkwang School Food (1933–1937). He was also a member of the Deutsche Bühnenkorrespondenz. He also organized music festivals in Bremen (1929), Essen (1931) and Aachen (1933). For the Reichsverband Deutscher Tonkünstler he co-designed the Rheinische Musikfeste. A habilitation was initially not possible for him, since the musicological institutes in University of Cologne and the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn had no free chair.In 1939 he joined the State Institute for Music Research in Berlin as a research assistant (until 1941). On 1 October 1940 he was appointed professor there despite being barred from the title. On 4 June 1942 he was habilitated at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel with a thesis on the life and work of Caspar Othmayr. The habilitation thesis was published in 1950 by Bärenreiter-Verlag in Kassel. He followed Max Seiffert in 1941, after his emeritus, as provisional director of the State Institute for German Music Research. In 1942/43 he was also a representative of musicology in the Senate of the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin. When the institute was closed at the end of 1944, <mask> retired from this position.He took care of the inventory of subdivision 3 (instrument museum) at  near Liegnitz in Silesia. In February 1945 he was called up for military service. After 1945 he was classified as "exonerated" within the framework of the denazification. In 1947 he joined the musicological institute of the Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel as private lecturer in Kiel, where he taught until his death. He worked as an expert for the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. His research interests included the late 15th and early 16th century (Renaissance music). From 1954 to 1959 he worked as a research assistant at the German Music Historical Archive in Kassel, which was supervised by the .From 1953 to 1959 he was the director of  series. In 1946 he co-founded the Gesellschaft für Musikforschung. From 1948 to 1960 he was editor of the organ Die Musikforschung and from 1958 to 1961 the Acta Musicologica of the International Musicological Society. He was also chairman of the reaction committee of the facsimile series Documenta Musicologia. He headed the Kiel State Institute for Music Research from 1947 to 1961. In 1953 he re-founded the Institute's series of publications. From 1949 he continued Max Seiffert's collection Organum.From 1951 to 1961 he also worked as director of the Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Institut at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. He was a close advisor Friedrich Blume and from 1947 to 1958 belonged to the editors of the encyclopaedia Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. <mask>, a Protestant, was married and father of two children. His son Gerd <mask> (1935–2014) was conductor. He died in Kiel at age 58. Publications
 Caspar Othmayr: Leben und Werk. Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel/Basel 1950.Die Bedeutung der Zeichen Keil, Strich und Punkt bei Mozart: 5 Lösungen einer Preisfrage (Musikwissenschaftliche Arbeiten. No. 10). Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel/Basel/London 1957 (hg. im Auftrag der Gesellschaft für Musikforschung). Autobiography:
 Friedrich Blume: Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart on MGG1

References

Further reading
 Anna Amalie Abert: <mask> zum Gedächtnis. In Die Musikforschung 14 (1961) 2, .<mask> on Grove Music
 Friedrich Blume: <mask>, 31 March 1902 – 20. January 1961. In Acta Musicologica 33 (1961) 2/4, . Wilfried Brennecke, <mask> (edit. ): <mask> in Memoriam – Gedenkschrift mit Beiträgen von Freunden und Schülern. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1962. Enthält eine (geschönte) Bibliographie der wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen .Wilfried Brennecke: In Memoriam <mask>. In: Revue belge de Musicologie / Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Muziekwetenschap 15 (1961) 1/4, . Mariano Pérez: Diccionario de la música y los músicos. Volume 1: A–E. Ediciones Istmo, Madrid 2000, , . Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945. 2nd edition., Kopf, Kiel 2009, , .Wolfgang Sykorra: Von der Penne in die Welt: Borbecker Porträts. Edited by Lothar Böning. Ed. Rainruhr, Essen 2013, , . "<mask>, <mask>." Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Encyclopedia.com.15 June 2018.<http://www.encyclopedia.com>

External links

 <mask> in

German music historians
University of Kiel faculty
Bach scholars
Nazi Party members
1902 births
1961 deaths
Writers from Magdeburg

masks:
Joachim Hans Albrecht
Albrecht
Theodor Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Hans Albrecht
Hans Albert
Hans Albrecht
Hans Haase
Hans Albrecht
Hans Albrecht
Albrecht
Hans
Hans Albrecht


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was a Japanese admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Heavier and taller than the average Japanese person, in his youth he was nicknamed "King Kong" by his friends. Biography
<mask> was born in Matsue city in Shimane Prefecture. He graduated from the 39th class of the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy in 1911, ranking 85th out of his class of 149 cadets. As a midshipman, he served on the cruiser  and the battlecruiser . After his promotion to ensign, he was assigned to  and then to the . After attending both torpedo school and naval artillery school, <mask> was promoted to sublieutenant and then he served on the destroyer , followed by the cruiser , and then the battleship  during World War I.However, it does not appear that he saw action. After the end of World War I, <mask> returned to naval school again for advanced study in torpedo warfare during 1918–19. Then he served as the chief torpedo officer on the destroyer , followed by the destroyer  in 1921, and then the cruiser  in 1922. <mask> attended the Naval Staff College in 1923–24 and then was promoted to lieutenant commander. In December 1926, <mask> was assigned to his first command, that of the destroyer . He was promoted to the rank of commander in 1929, and then he served as an instructor at several of the naval ordnance schools during the early 1930s. <mask> was given command of the gunboat  in 1932, and he was promoted to captain in 1933.During 1933–34, <mask> was assigned as the naval attaché at the Japanese Embassy in Washington, D.C. When he returned to Japan, <mask> took command of the cruiser  from November 1934 to November 1935, and next he held a number of staff positions in the Imperial Japanese Navy until he was promoted to rear admiral on November 15, 1939. During World War II

During World War II, <mask> was the commanding officer of the Fifth Carrier Division of the Imperial Japanese Navy for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. His command contained the two brand-new aircraft carriers  and . During the Battle of Coral Sea in the South Pacific, his 5th Carrier Division successfully sank the American carrier , but Shōkaku was heavily damaged by bombs and a large number of planes and pilots from Zuikaku were lost. These damages put both aircraft carriers out of the war for many months, and they both missed the Battle of Midway. Meanwhile, <mask> was reassigned to command the 8th Cruiser Division, containing the large, fast heavy cruisers  and , and their escorting destroyers, during the long, bitter struggle with the Americans for the Solomon Islands.<mask> and his warships were present for two large battles in the South Pacific: the Battle of the Eastern Solomons and the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. During the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, light carrier  was detached from Chuichi Nagumo's main carrier force and assigned to <mask>'s division with the task of attacking Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. <mask> sent a strike force, consisting of six Nakajima B5N bombers and 15 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters, which inflicted minor damage to the Allied airbase. Soon afterwards, USN aircraft from  and  found and sunk Ryūjō. This was the last time <mask> commanded a task force that included a carrier in a battle. After the large American carrier air attack on the large Japanese base at Truk (Operation Hailstone) in 1944, Admiral <mask> was assigned to replace Admiral Masami Kobayashi as the commanding officer of the Japanese "4th Fleet", though he actually commanded the land base at Truk with no warships assigned to him. Truk was left behind by the U.S. Navy in a rear area to "wither on the vine" in isolation, rather than being invaded and occupied.(This was the fate of many Japanese bases on Pacific islands, including the large one at Rabaul and several on New Guinea.) Admiral <mask> was trapped at Truk without reinforcements or fresh supplies all the way through the final surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945. Following the end of the War in the Pacific, <mask> was arrested by authorities of the U.S. Navy and then taken back to Japan to be held in the Sugamo Prison in Tokyo because he had been accused of war crimes. <mask> was sent to face a military tribunal on the American island of Guam, and there he was convicted along with other Japanese officers  of "neglect of duty in connection with violations of the Laws of War committed by members of their command" for allowing the execution of U.S. Navy aircrewmen who had been captured during air raids on Truk. Since he was the commander of the atoll, Vice Admiral <mask> was of course the highest-ranking officer from Truk to be tried for war crimes. <mask> was convicted, and he was sentenced to six years in prison. He was then sent back to Sugamo Prison to serve his imprisonment.<mask>'s son Nobuaki graduated from the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy just as World War II ended. When <mask> was released from prison on April 19, 1951, Nobuaki took him home to a very small house in Tokyo. <mask> dedicated the remainder of his life to securing Japanese government pensions and relief for the families of Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese servicemen imprisoned for war crimes. <mask> served as a Councilor of the Ministry of Justice (Japan) until his death at age 74 in 1964. <mask>'s sword

Shortly after the surrender in August 1945, the commander of Allied forces ordered all Japanese swords collected and turned over to the occupation forces. Many of the swords were mass-produced government issue, but some were ancient masterpieces of the swordmakers' art which had been cherished for generations. Many swords were distributed indiscriminately to American servicemen as souvenirs.<mask> surrendered his family sword to the American Vice Admiral commanding the Marianas so the sword might be displayed at the United States Naval Academy Museum in Annapolis. <mask> was in possession of a second sword which he presented to Rear Admiral Calvin T. Durgin while Durgin was interviewing <mask> as part of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey conducted immediately following the war. In 1959, <mask> requested through diplomatic channels return of a family sword belonging to 85-year-old Ryūtarō Takahashi, president of the six-million-member Bereaved Families Association. The sword was one of the great blades forged in Bizen Province in the 15th century. It had been carried by Ryūtarō's son, Hikoya Takahashi. Hikoya had asked <mask> to care for the sword while he was assigned to a minesweeping assignment he did not survive. <mask> revealed that the sword carefully preserved in the Naval Academy Museum was Takahashi's sword, and the <mask> family sword which should have been in the museum was in the possession of Admiral Durgin.Retired Admiral Durgin drove to the museum to correct the error, and the Bizen sword was delivered to the old man who had lost his son. Portrayal in media
<mask> <mask> appeared in the 1970 film Tora! Tora! Tora! and was portrayed by Japanese actor Kan Nihonyanagi. References

Notes

Sources

Further reading

External links

 Surrender of Truk per USN Archives

1889 births
1964 deaths
People from Shimane Prefecture
Japanese admirals of World War II
Imperial Japanese Navy admirals
Japanese people convicted of war crimes
Japanese prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of the United States military

masks: Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Hara Chūichi Hara


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<mask><mask> is an American economist, academic, author and researcher. He is a Distinguished Professor of Economics at the University of California, Irvine. Brueckner has published over 150 papers. His research interests fall into areas encompassing urban economics, public economics, and real estate finance. He has also worked extensively in the field of industrial organization, focusing particularly on the economics of the airline industry. He is also the author of a textbook entitled Lectures on Urban Economics. Brueckner is a fellow of the Regional Science Association International, and of the Air Transport Research Society.He served as editor of the Journal of Urban Economics from 1991 until 2007. Education
Brueckner received his A.B. degree in Economics from the University of California in 1972. He then enrolled at Stanford University, Berkeley, and earned a Doctoral Degree in Economics in 1976. Career
Following his Doctoral studies, Brueckner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and subsequently worked there as Assistant and Associate Professor, before becoming a full professor in 1985. In late 1990s, he held concurrent appointments at the Institute of Government and Public Affairs, and as Distinguished Professor of Economics, before joining the University of California as a Professor of Economics in 2005. In 2015, he was appointed as Chancellor’s Professor, and later on became a Distinguished Professor of Economics in 2018 at the University of California, Irvine.Brueckner also held several visiting appointments in his career. He has served as visiting professor at UC Santa Barbara and UC San Diego, and has been a visiting scholar at many foreign universities, including Sapienza University of Rome, Charles University, Aix-Marseille University, City University of Hong Kong, University of British Columbia, Einaudi Institute of Economics and Finance, and Universite du Maine. Research
Brueckner has focused his research on urban economics, public economics, industrial organization, and real estate finance. His research works regarding social interaction in the suburbs, airline bag fees, airline fuel efficiency, and the job effects of airport downsizing have been featured in the press several times. He has provided theoretical motivation regarding spatial econometric examination of strategic interactions among local governments, and is one of the first to demonstrate the usage of economic theory in producing spatial econometric model specifications. Urban and public economics
In his studies of urban economics, Brueckner discussed urban spatial expansion and regarded it a consequence of three powerful forces: a growing population, rising incomes, and falling commuting costs. He studied market failures that can disrupt the allocation of land between agricultural and urban uses, justifying criticism of urban sprawl, and provided remedies in context of the market failures.He also provided unified treatment of the Muth-Mills version of the urban model, and described its implications regarding intracity spatial variation of specific urban variables. In 2008, he examined the premises of Putnam’s argument that low-density living reduces social capital and social interaction. While employing spatial econometric methods, he investigated property-tax competition among local governments and provided an estimation of the reaction function of a representative community, linking a community's property-tax rate to its own characteristics and to the tax rates in competing communities. He also showed that choosing local public spending to maximize property values leads to economic efficiency, and discussed the relationship between airline traffic and employment in US metropolitan areas. Real estate finance
Brueckner evaluated mortgage-market equilibrium in a situation when borrower default costs are private information. He also analyzed the portfolio choices of homeowners, focusing on the investment constraint introduced by Henderson and Ioannides (1983). Furthermore, he explored the problem of optimal space allocation in shopping centers in the presence of inter-store externalities.Airline economics
Brueckner provided some of the first economic analysis of airline hub-and-spoke networks and pioneered the analysis of international airline alliances, showing that they reduce fares for passengers connecting between two airlines. In analyzing airport congestion, he was among the first to argue that airlines internalize a portion of the congestion they create, ameliorating part of the congestion externality. More recently, he has studied airline emissions, and product unbundling in the airline industry, showing how bag fees affect airfares. Awards and honors
2001 - Richard Musgrave Prize, National Tax Association (with Luz A. Saavedra)
2002 - Award for Excellence in Graduate Teaching, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2005 - Fellow, Regional Science Association International
2008 - Walter Isard Award, North American Regional Science Council
2015 - John M. Quigley Medal, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association
2018 - Fellow, Air Transport Research Society

Bibliography

Books
Lectures on Urban Economics (2011) ISBN 9780262016360

Selected articles
Brueckner, J. K. (1987). The structure of urban equilibria: A unified treatment of the Muth-Mills model. Handbook of regional and urban economics, 2(20), 821-845. Brueckner, J. K., Thisse, J. F., & Zenou, Y.(1999). Why is central Paris rich and downtown Detroit poor? : An amenity-based theory. European economic review, 43(1), 91-107. Brueckner, J. K. & W.T. Whalen (2000). The price effects of international airline alliances.Journal of Law and Economics, 43(2), 503-546. Brueckner, J. K. (2000). Urban sprawl: diagnosis and remedies. International regional science review, 23(2), 160-171. Brueckner, J. K. & Saavedra, L. A. (2001). Do local governments engage in strategic property—tax competition?.National Tax Journal, 54(2), 203-229. Brueckner, J. K. (2002), Airport congestion when carriers have market power. American Economic Review 92(5), 1357-1375. References

Living people
American economists
University of California, Irvine faculty
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Stanford University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Jan K
. Brueckner