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 failed to see him to give medicines and warm clothes on August 30, 2007. Meanwhile, <mask>'s counsel, Romeo Capulong, questioned the Dutch government's jurisdiction over the issue and person alleging that the Supreme Court of the Philippines already dismissed the subject cases on July 2. On September 7, 2007, the Dutch court heard defense arguments for <mask>, and stated that it would issue the resolution next week on whether to extend the detention. Supporters outside The Hague District Court chanted slogans while the wife, Julie De Lima stated that they complained to the International Committee of the Red Cross. Luis Jalandoni, chairman of the National Democratic Front, accused the government of Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende of being "a workhorse" for Philippines President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and for the U.S. government.The National Lawyers Guild (NLG), a progressive bar association in New York then headed by Marjorie Cohn, denounced the arrest of <mask>, saying "it exposes the hand of the Arroyo administration in yet another assault on the rights of the people to dissent and organize". <mask> will remain in jail until Thursday, but was provided TV, radio and medication. On September 12, 2007, lawyers Edre Olalia and Rachel Pastores stated that <mask>'s lawyers will appeal the reported Dutch court's newly promulgated ruling extending <mask>'s detention for 90 days. The Dutch court did not extend the detention for 90 days but released him on September 13, 2007, after being in solitary confinement for 17 days. Release from detention
Dutch public prosecutor's office's Wim de Bruin stated that <mask> was released from jail at 10:45 a.m. on September 13, 2007. The court ruled that there was insufficient evidence to detain him on murder charges, specifically, if <mask> "had a conscious and close cooperation with those in the Philippines who carried out the deed". On September 27, 2007, <mask> appeared before The Hague Court of Appeal panel of 3 judges on the public prosecutor's appeal against the district court's September 13 judgment of release.On September 28, 2007, the Dutch Ambassador to the Philippines, Robert Brinks, announced that 3 Dutch judicial officials and Dutch prosecution lawyer Wim De Bruin will visit the Philippines "later this year" to review the evidence against <mask> <mask>. The next day Leung Kwok Hung, a Hong Kong politician and member of the April Fifth Action vowed to support <mask>. Leung was in Europe at the Inter-Parliamentary Union assembly in Geneva, Switzerland. He sits in the Hong Kong legislature as a member of the Finance and House Committees, and of the Legislative Panels on Constitutional Affairs, Housing, Manpower, Transport, and on Welfare Services. On October 3, 2007, the Dutch court dismissed the prosecution's appeal against the release <mask>, confirming his freedom while the Dutch police continue to investigate: "the prosecution file lacks enough concrete clues that <mask> can be directly linked to the assassinations which is needed to prosecute him as a perpetrator". However, the decision does not bar prosecution for murder. But the Dutch Public Prosecutor's Office (per spokesman Wim de Bruin) stated that it did not drop the charges against <mask> yet, who remains a suspect.De Bruin said: "No, you have to separate the criminal investigation by the police from the investigation by the examining judge in The Hague. So the judge decided to finish the investigation but the police investigation will be continued and that means that Mr. <mask> is still a suspect." The Dutch court, on May 20, 2008, heard <mask>'s appeal against the Dutch Public Prosecutors Office's request to extend its investigation until December, since the investigators arrived in the Philippines in February and interviewed witnesses. At the trial, however, the new evidence showed that there were indeed attempts to kill him, in 1999 and 2000, while Kintanar's wife, Joy, directly accused Edwin Garcia in the murder of her husband. The Dutch court scheduled the promulgation on the verdict on June 10, 2008. The Dutch District Court of The Hague on June 5, 2008, decided in camera "that the Public Prosecution Service may continue the prosecution of <mask> <mask> for involvement in, among other matters, a number of murders committed in the Philippines in 2003 and 2004; that while the prosecution's case file still held insufficient evidence, the investigation was ongoing and should be given time to unfold". In February 2010, the Dutch Public Prosecution Service finally terminated its investigation of <mask> and dropped the criminal charges against him.Controversies
Former Senator Jovito Salonga accused <mask> of orchestrating the 1971 Plaza Miranda bombing during the Liberal Party convention to force Marcos to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and sign Proclamation No. 1081, initiating the advent of Martial Law in the Philippines. This accusation comes from former CPP members such as Victor Corpuz and others. The Philippine National Police (PNP) filed a criminal case against <mask> for the Plaza Miranda bombing, but the charges were dismissed for lack of evidence, with the dismissal order citing the complainant's filing criminal charges based on speculation. On July 4, 2008, Manila's RTC Executive Judge Reynaldo Ros assumed jurisdiction over the 1,551-page cases of multiple murder lawsuits against <mask>, Bayan Muna Representative Satur Ocampo, and National Democratic Front member Luis Jalandoni after the Supreme Court's Third Division ordered a change of venue from the Hilongos, Leyte RTC Branch 18 for safety reasons. The accused were charged of executing 30 farmers in 1985, in purging military assets within the New People's Army in Southern Leyte. 15 corpses were found in a mass grave in Inopacan, Leyte, in 2006.During the time when these alleged killings supposedly took place, Sison and Ocampo had long been under maximum detention of the Marcos regime. <mask>, Ocampo, and other political detainees were only freed in 1986 after the first EDSA uprising of the same year. The European Union's second highest court ruled to delist Sison and the Stichting Al-Aqsa group from the EU terror list since the 27-nation bloc failed to respect their rights when blacklisted. The Luxembourg-based Court of Justice further reversed a decision by member governments to freeze the assets of Sison and the Netherlands-based Al-Aqsa Foundation, since the EU governments failed to inform them why the assets were frozen. Dekker said that EU lawyers in Brussels can lodge any appeal. The EU was also ordered to shoulder all the litigation expenses during the five-year appeal of Sison against the Dutch government and the EU. The final judgment of the European Court of Justice to remove Sison from the EU terrorist blacklist on September 30, 2009, became final and binding on December 10, 2009, inasmuch as the EU did not make appeal.The court's decisions and other documents pertaining to cases involving <mask> in the Philippines are compiled under the section of Legal Cases in www.josemariasison.org and can be further verified in the archives of the pertinent courts. Works

Selected writings 1968–1991

 2013. 1968-1972 Foundation for Resuming the Philippine Revolution. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2013. 1969-1974 Defeating Revisionism, Reformism & Opportunism. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2013. 1972-1977 Building Strength through Struggle.International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2013. 1977-1986 Detention and Defiance against Dictatorship. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2015. 1986-1991 Continuing the Struggle for National & Social Liberation. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc. Selected writings 1991–2009

 2009. 1991-1994 For Justice, Socialism and Peace.Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2009. 1995-2001 For Democracy and Socialism Against Imperialist Globalization. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2009. 2001-2006 Crisis of Imperialism and People's Resistance. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2009. 2006-2009 People's Struggle Against Imperialist Plunder and Terror. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.Peoples' struggles against oppression and exploitation: selected writings 2009–2015

 2015. 2009-2010 Crisis Generates Resistance. International Network for Philippine Studies
 2016. 2010-2011 Building People's Power. International Network for Philippine Studies
 2017. 2012 Combat Neoliberal Globalization. International Network for Philippine Studies
 2018.2013 Struggle against Imperialist Plunder and Wars. International Network for Philippine Studies
 2018. 2014-2015 Strengthen the People's Struggle against Imperialism and Reaction. International Network for Philippine Studies

Selected writings 2016-

 2018. 2016 People's Resistance to Greed and Terror. International Network for Philippine Studies
 2019. 2017 Combat Tyranny and Fascism.International Network for Philippine Studies
 2019. January–July 2018 Struggle against Terrorism and Tyranny Volume I. International Network for Philippine Studies
 2019. August–December 2018 Struggle against Terrorism and Tyranny Volume II. International Network for Philippine Studies
 2021. 2019 Resist Neoliberalism, Fascism, and Wars of Aggression. International Network for Philippine Studies

Other works

 2020.Basic Principles of Marxism–Leninism: A Primer. Reprint. Paris, Foreign Languages Press
 2019. Reflections on Revolution and Prospects. International Network for Philippine Studies
 2017. Specific Characteristics of our People's War. Reprint.Paris, Foreign Languages Press
 2003. US Terrorism and War in the Philippines. Netherlands, Papieren Tijger
 1998. Philippine Economy and Politics. Co-authored by Julieta de Lima. Philippines, Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 1989. The Philippine Revolution : The Leader's View.With Rainer Werning. New York : Crane Russak. 1984. Prison and Beyond: Selected Poems, 1958–1983. Quezon City: Free Jose Maria Sison Committee. 1971. Philippine Society and Revolution.As Amado Guerrero. Manila: Pulang Tala. 1967. Struggle for National Democracy. Quezon City, Progressive Publications

Ancestry

References

Bibliography

External links
 Josemariasison.org
 The Arrest of Joma <mask> (dossier of the Philippine Daily Inquirer)

Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Filipino writers
Ilocano-language writers
1939 births
Anti-revisionists
Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni
Filipino communists
Filipino exiles
Filipino expatriates in the Netherlands
Living people
Communist poets
People from Ilocos Sur
Filipino revolutionaries
S.E.A. Write Award winners
Ilocano people
Filipino people of Kapampangan descent
University of the Philippines alumni
Communist Party of the Philippines politicians
Maoist theorists
Anti-imperialism
Anti-Americanism
Anti-fascists
20th-century criminals
21st-century criminals
People convicted on terrorism charges
Individuals designated as terrorists by the United States government
Filipino political party founders
20th-century Filipino

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Jose Maria
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<mask>  (born 1960) is a German-born philosopher whose research interests focus on philosophy of logic and language, determinism and freedom, and ancient philosophy. She currently is senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford and professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford. Early life
Bobzien was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1960. She graduated in 1985 with an M.A. at Bonn University, and in 1993 with a doctorate in philosophy (D.Phil.) at Oxford University, where from 1987–1989 she was affiliated with Somerville College. Academic career
Bobzien currently holds the position of senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford and is professor of philosophy at Oxford University.She was appointed to a senior professorship in philosophy at Yale in 2001 and held this position from 2002 to 2010. From 1993 to 2002 she had a tenured position at Oxford University. From 1990 to 2002, she was fellow and praelector in philosophy at The Queen's College. Before that she was tutorial fellow in philosophy at Balliol College. Among her awards are a British Academy Research Readership (2000–2002), and a fellowship of the National Endowment for the Humanities (2008–09). In 2014 she was elected a Fellow of the British Academy, the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. Bobzien has published several books and numerous articles in leading academic journals and collections.Philosophical work

Determinism and freedom
<mask>'s major work Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy  is "the first full-scale modern study of the [Stoic] theory [of determinism]". "It explores ... the views of the Stoics on causality, fate, the modalities, divination, rational agency, the non-futility of action, moral responsibility, [and the] formation of character". In this book and in her articles "The Inadvertent Conception and Late Birth of the Free-Will Problem" and "Did Epicurus discover the Free-Will Problem?" Bobzien argues that the problem of determinism and free-will, as conceived in contemporary philosophy, was not considered by Aristotle, Epicurus or the Stoics, as was previously thought, but only in the 2nd century CE, as the result of a conflation of Stoic and Aristotelian theory. <mask>'s "Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant" (The Categories of Freedom in Kant) has been described as an article "that has long been the starting point for any German reader seeking to deepen his understanding of the second chapter of the Analytic of Kant's Critique of Practical Reason." It differentiates the main functions of Kant's Categories of Freedom: as conditions of the possibility for actions (i) to be free, (ii) to be comprehensible as free and (iii) to be morally evaluated. History of logic
Bobzien's Die stoische Modallogik is the first monograph on Stoic modal logic.In her paper "Stoic Syllogistic" Bobzien sets out the evidence for Stoic syllogistic. She argues that this should not be assimilated into standard propositional calculus, but treated as a distinct system which bears important similarities to relevance logic and connexive logic. In "Stoic Sequent Logic and Proof Theory", she argues that stoic deduction resembles backward proof search for Gentzen-style substructural sequent logics as developed in structural proof theory, and in the co-authored "Stoic Logic and Multiple Generality" she lays out evidence that Stoic logic could handle the problem of multiple generality in a variable-free first-order logic. Bobzien's paper "The Development of Modus Ponens in Antiquity" traces the earliest development of modus ponens (or Law of Detachment). She has also reconstructed the ancient history of hypothetical syllogisms and Galen's representation of peripatetic hypothetical syllogistic, and shown these differ from stoic syllogistic and contemporary propositional logic. In the 2021 extended essay "Frege plagiarized the Stoics", based on her 2016 Keeling Lecture, Bobzien argues in detail that Frege plagiarized them on a large scale in his work on the philosophy of logic and language, written mainly between 1890 and his death in 1925. Vagueness and paradoxes
Bobzien has worked on the philosophical application of the modal logic S4.1 to vagueness and paradoxes.She has introduced and developed the philosophical ideas of columnar higher-order vagueness, borderline nestings, and semi-determinability. In "Gestalt Shifts in the Liar", presented in her 2017 Jacobsen Lecture, Bobzien analyses three features of liar sentences and shows how their combination leads to the liar's paradoxicality: salience-based bistability, context sensitivity, and assessment sensitivity. On this basis she proposes the modal logic S4.1 as governing the truth operator and offers a revenge-free solution to the liar paradox that relates to Herzberger's revision theory of truth. <mask> has proposed a logic of higher-order vagueness (the quantified modal logic S4.1 supplemented with Max Cresswell's Finality Axiom) that delivers a generic solution to the Sorites paradox and avoids higher-order vagueness paradoxes and sharp boundaries. The proposed logic is weaker than classical logic and stronger than intuitionistic logic. It is a modal companion to the superintuitionistic logic QH+KF. Selected publications
Determinism and freedom
Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy (Oxford 1998).Determinism, Freedom, and Moral Responsibility: Essays in Ancient Philosophy (Oxford 2021). "The Inadvertent Conception and Late Birth of the Free-Will Problem" (Phronesis 43, 1998)
"Did Epicurus Discover the Free-Will Problem?" (Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 19, 2000)
"Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant" (in Kant: Analysen-Probleme-Kritik vol. 1, Würzburg, 1988)

History of logic
Die stoische Modallogik (Würzburg 1986). Alexander of Aphrodisias: On Aristotle Prior Analytics 1.1-7, with J. Barnes, K. Flannery, K. Ierodiakonou (London 1991). "Stoic Syllogistic" (Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 14, 1996). "The Development of Modus Ponens in Antiquity" (Phronesis 47, 2002)
"Stoic Sequent Logic and Proof Theory" (History and Philosophy of Logic 40, 2019)
“Stoic Logic and Multiple Generality”, with Simon Shogry (Philosophers’ Imprint 20, 2020)
"Frege Plagiarized the Stoics" (in Themes in Plato, Aristotle, and Hellenistic Philosophy: Keeling Lectures 2011-18, London 2021)

Vagueness and paradoxes
"Higher-order Vagueness, Radical Unclarity, and Absolute Agnosticism" (Philosophers' Imprint 10, 2010)
"In Defense of True Higher-Order Vagueness" (Synthese 180, 2011)
"If it's Clear, then it's Clear that it's Clear, or is it?– Higher-Order Vagueness and the S4 Axiom" (Oxford 2012)
"Higher-Order Vagueness and Borderline Nestings – a Persistent Confusion" (Analytic Philosophy 54.1, 2013). "Columnar Higher-order Vagueness or Vagueness is Higher-Order Vagueness" (Aristotelian Society Suppl. 89, 2015)
"Gestalt Shifts in the Liar or Why KT4M is the Logic of Semantic Modalities" (in Reflections on the Liar, Oxford 2017)
"Intuitionism and the Modal Logic of Vagueness", with Ian Rumfitt (Journal of Philosophical Logic 49, 2020)

See also
Free will in antiquity#Epicureanism
Stoic logic
Stoicism

References

External links

Homepage at All Souls College, Oxford
Women in Logic

20th-century British philosophers
20th-century German philosophers
21st-century British philosophers
21st-century German philosophers
Yale University faculty
German scholars of ancient Greek philosophy
Philosophers of language
German women philosophers
Living people
1960 births
Fellows of the British Academy
Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford
Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
20th-century German women

masks:
Susanne Bobzien
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<mask>, Baroness <mask>,  (born 4 April 1969) is a British business executive and television personality. She is best known as former managing director of Birmingham City F.C. and current vice-chairman of West Ham United F.C., and as an aide to Alan Sugar on The Apprentice, but also sits in the House of Lords and has been Small Business Ambassador to the UK Government. Her appointment with Birmingham City began in March 1993, when she was 23. In 2002 she became the first woman to hold such a post in the top flight of English football when the team was promoted. She oversaw the company's flotation in 1997, thus becoming the youngest managing director of a UK plc. She left in 2009.In January 2010 she was appointed vice-chairman of West Ham United following Sullivan and Gold's purchasing of the club. <mask> is a regular writer for the Woman & Home magazine and The Sun. She has also published four books including two novels, and her latest title, Strong Woman, published in March 2012 and aimed at inspiring women in business, is a Sunday Times Bestseller. On 22 September 2014, <mask> was elevated to the House of Lords as a Conservative life peer, taking the title Baroness <mask>. On 17 July 2017, she was appointed by Sir Philip Green to chairman of Taveta, owners of the Arcadia Group. Early life
<mask> was brought up in Edmonton, London, and the family house was near the Tottenham Hotspur football ground. Her Irish father, <mask>, had made his fortune in printing and property development.Her mother, Rita, is Italian, and she has an older brother, Darren. She attended Salcombe Preparatory School in Southgate until she was 11, followed by Poles Convent, a boarding school in Ware, Hertfordshire, and Aldenham School, Elstree, a boys' school which accepted girls in the sixth form, where she gained four A-levels. Career

Early career and Birmingham City
<mask>'s career began as a trainee at the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi having been rejected for a place on a journalism course at Harlow College. Despite the course rejection, <mask> said in a 2018 interview that she made a conscious decision not to go to university, as she was keen to get out in the world and make her mark. A year later, on joining the London Broadcasting Company  (LBC) as an advertising account executive, she targeted the advertising business of one of her father's largest clients, publisher David Sullivan, owner of the Daily Sport and the Sunday Sport. Sullivan spent more than £2,000,000 on advertising in six months and was so impressed with <mask> that he gave her a job. Sullivan offered her a job with Sport Newspapers, and she became one of his directors at the age of 20.While in Sullivan's employ, <mask> spotted an advert in the Financial Times for the sale of Birmingham City F.C. when the club was in receivership and persuaded Sullivan to buy it and let her run it. When Sullivan commented that she would have to be twice as good as a man to do that, <mask> replied quickly: "Well that's not difficult." Sullivan later commented that he agreed to the deal because such a young, female director would attract publicity to the club, and also because <mask> was a “sacker”. <mask> was 23 when she started work as managing director of Birmingham City F.C. in March 1993. She encountered sexism in the role.The first time she got on the team bus, a player said "I can see your tits from here". <mask> replied “When I sell you to Crewe, you won't be able to see them from there will you?" She sold the player shortly afterwards. In 2008, Sullivan and <mask> were arrested by City of London Police, interviewed and released on bail as part of the investigation into the 2006 allegations of corruption in English football, which also involved similar actions against players and officials from other clubs; club chairman David Gold was interviewed as a witness. The club stated that no charges had been brought and that <mask> denied any wrongdoing. The investigation involved tax and national insurance offences relating to two players. Gold said that it was "utterly wrong that this highly professional businesswoman has been made a victim in a witch-hunt against football".In August 2009 it was confirmed that no further action would be taken. She left Birmingham City two months later after Sullivan and Gold sold the club to Carson Yeung for £81.5 million. The same month she was appointed as a non-executive director to the England 2018 World Cup bid advisory board. West Ham United

In January 2010, she was appointed Vice-Chairman of West Ham United by new Joint-Chairmen David Sullivan and David Gold. Writing in her newspaper column <mask> said "To West Ham fans I'll make a single pledge – while we are on the board, we will hang in the Tower of London before your club again goes through the financial turmoil which so nearly brought it down". <mask> said she liked the idea of changing the club's name to West Ham Olympic. David Gold subsequently said that the club would always be West Ham United under his chairmanship but "What you might do is call the stadium West Ham Olympic stadium.I can make a case for that." <mask> was responsible for negotiating a move on behalf of West Ham United from their Boleyn Ground to the Olympic Stadium in Stratford, east London. Initially the intention was for West Ham to take ownership of the stadium, this bid collapsing in October 2011 following a legal delay caused by a rival bid by Tottenham Hotspur. Investigators working on behalf of Tottenham were subsequently charged with fraud for obtaining illegally the private telephone records of <mask>. In December 2012, West Ham were announced as the highest ranked bidder to become the anchor concessionaire and tenant of the Olympic Stadium. Of the move <mask> said "We are ambitious for our great club and aim to set the benchmark for visiting away and neutral supporters from across the globe to come and enjoy the iconic Stadium and be part of our Premier League club experience". West Ham United were named as anchor concessionaires for the Olympic Stadium on 23 March 2013.In July 2013, <mask> gave evidence before a House of Lords committee, where she said the club has debts of £70m that would need to be paid before the proposed move to the Olympic Stadium in 2016. <mask> oversaw the club's move from the Boleyn Ground to the Olympic Stadium in the summer of 2016. Subsequently renamed as London Stadium, the move saw West Ham United increase their capacity from 35,000 to 57,000 seats – which were completely sold out before the start of the 2016–17 campaign, giving the Club the third biggest home attendance in the Premier League. Following the move to the Olympic Stadium, some supporters who wanted to stay at Upton Park targeted verbal abuse towards <mask> and other board members during crowd disturbances during West Ham's home 2–4 defeat to Watford on 10 September 2016. In October 2016, <mask> received further criticism after describing West Ham's move to the London Stadium as "a chance to rebrand the club". <mask> later clarified her comments, made at the Leaders Sport Business Summit, and went on to describe West Ham's move to the new stadium as "part of our ambitious strategy to take our Club to the very top of the world’s most-popular sport." Other business involvement

<mask> has also been the chairman of Bauer's Kerrang!, and had  a seat on the board of Sport England.She was a non-executive director of  Channel 4 television but resigned to take a position at Syco, the company jointly owned by Simon Cowell and Sony. In September 2010 she joined the board of Taveta Investments Ltd. with Sir Philip Green, resigning from a non-executive position with Mothercare where she had been for seven years. She is an Ambassador for Barclays Life skills, which aims to offer young people workplace experience. She is also the Patron of the Life After Stroke Awards and an Ambassador for Well Being for Women. Championing women in business
<mask> has long been renowned for championing the cause of women in business. She has repeatedly called upon her fellow female professionals to help those trying to make their way in the business world. She explained in this Guardian column: “Any board executive can forget just how many people helped them get where they are.Those women who have got to the top need actively to ensure there is a pipeline of younger women, whether by networking or mentoring, who in turn is encouraging those below them. Women in the boardroom must not forget how many challenges and difficulties we have overcome, and we should share our coping strategies. “It is critical to create opportunities to identify talented women in business, then support them to develop their confidence to aim for the boardroom. We need to look outside the corporate mainstream, at female entrepreneurs and self-employed businesswomen, who can inject different insights and diversity to any board.”
Similarly, <mask> famously told the Independent: "If you don't have a woman on your board you should write to your shareholders and explain why. Tell us how many women you've interviewed and what skills they've been lacking, because that will give us some basis to teach the new generation of women in business." <mask> was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to entrepreneurship and women in business. The Apprentice

In March 2007, <mask> appeared as a celebrity contestant on Comic Relief Does The Apprentice and was team leader for the girls' team, raising more than £750,000 for Comic Relief.In June 2008, <mask> was a guest interviewer in series four of The Apprentice – interviewing the final five. After the show, it was revealed that <mask> had fulfilled a promise she made to Lord Alan Sugar on screen, and offered a job to Claire Young, who finished as runner-up in the series, after being impressed by her interview. In 2009 she interviewed candidates again in The Apprentice Season 5, as seen on BBC 1. On 30 August 2009, she was revealed as Sugar's new assistant in the sixth series of The Apprentice, replacing Margaret Mountford, who had left the series (and who returned in series 6, 7, 8 and 9 as a guest interviewer, the same role that <mask> had fulfilled in her first appearance in the main UK apprentice series). Political career
<mask> hinted that she would be interested in a career in politics in the future during an interview with The Daily Telegraph in March 2013. In an interview with The Daily Telegraph, Margot James, MP, said: "I think she'd be a great asset. I have a great respect for her success in business.".The feature also suggested that <mask> should be made a peer to bring more women into politics and to resolve the UK's financial problems. ‘But Baroness <mask> would be able to make an invaluable contribution to both business and politics. David Cameron should give her a peerage without delay – and she should accept it.’ On 30 September 2013, <mask> addressed the Conservative Party Conference in Manchester on the subjects of small businesses and supporting George Osborne's policies as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and she was also appointed the government's Small Business Ambassador. On 8 August 2014, it was reported that <mask> would become a Conservative life peer in the House of Lords. On 22 September 2014 she was created Baroness <mask>, of Knightsbridge in the City of Westminster. On 26 October 2015, <mask> was involved in a controversial House of Lords vote over proposed cuts to tax credits, voting with the Government in favour of the plan. In February 2019, the Daily Telegraph reported that she was facing questioning about her role in non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) relating to allegations of misbehaviour on the part of the businessman Philip Green.Personal life
In 1995, <mask> married Canadian footballer Paul Peschisolido, who played for Birmingham City for two seasons, 1992–93 and 1993–94. In 1996, she had her first child, a girl named Sophia. She had around six weeks off work after the birth of her second child, a boy named Paolo. <mask> lives in the Knightsbridge area of London with her husband. They also had a property in the village of Knowle in the West Midlands and her husband owned a house in Canada. In 2006, <mask> underwent a full-body MRI scan as part of a medical screen, which unexpectedly discovered a potentially fatal cerebral aneurysm. Doctors told <mask> at the time that she had a 30 per cent chance of dying from the condition, and that it was a miracle that she had survived the births of her two children.In February 2006, she underwent urgent neurosurgery to prevent the aneurysm from rupturing. She made a full recovery, and was back at work about one month later. Despite claims that <mask> is a supporter of Arsenal, she states on her official website that her footballing loyalties have only ever been with the two clubs she has represented. Awards
 In 2006 <mask> was Cosmopolitan magazine's Woman of the Year, and named in the category of 'Woman Who Has Changed The World'. In 2006 when she attended The Queen's lunch for Women Achievers and Business Leaders. <mask> was named as the Revitalise Businesswoman of the Year 2007. In December 2008 she won the NatWest Spirit of Everywoman Award for services to women in business.In November 2010 she was listed in the business category of The Sunday Telegraph's ‘100 Most Powerful Women in Britain’ and was included in the Evening Standard's list of ‘London's 1000 Most Influential People 2010’. She was awarded an honorary doctorate in business from the University of Birmingham in December 2010. In 2011 she was awarded Britain's Most Inspirational Women by the Breakthrough for Breast Cancer Inspiration Awards. In 2012 she was awarded the CEO of the Year Award at the Football Business Awards. In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. <mask> received a CBE in the 2014 New Year Honours list for her services to entrepreneurship and women in business. <mask> was named in the Debrett's top 500 most influential and inspiration people in Britain in January 2014.<mask> was named 10th in The Guardian's 50 most influential women in British sport, on International Women's Day, 8 March 2014. <mask> was elevated to the Lords as Baroness <mask> in August 2014. References

External links

1969 births
Living people
People from Edmonton, London
English businesspeople
Women association football executives
Birmingham City F.C. directors and chairmen
English autobiographers
English journalists
English columnists
English television personalities
English television presenters
The Apprentice (British TV series)
English people of Irish descent
English people of Italian descent
People educated at Aldenham School
West Ham United F.C. directors and chairmen
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Female life peers
Conservative Party (UK) life peers
Association footballers' wives and girlfriends
Women autobiographers
Women columnists

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Colonel (Dr.) <mask> (DPK) <mask>, SC (born 12 August 1967) is a former Indian Army officer. He was severely wounded in counter insurgency operations in Longdi Pabram village, a hamlet in the remote Tamenglong district of Manipur in India's northeast, where he saved the lives of 2 children - a boy named <mask>ei and a girl named <mask>, despite his injuries. He shot into prominence recently when he undertook the journey back to the village where he was wounded in the firefight and subsequently for delivering development and humanitarian activities to the village in the remote district of Tamenglong. In 2015, he was awarded a PhD Degree by Panjab University, Chandigarh for his thesis titled "Evaluation of Models of Human Security with Special reference to India".y

Early life and education

<mask> was born on 12 August 1967 in Kannur, Kerala, India, to Major and Mrs A.V<mask>. He was educated at Bangalore Military School in Bangalore, Karnataka. He went on to join the 72nd course of National Defence Academy in 1984, which he graduated in 1988 with a bachelor's degree in Arts.<mask> also holds a master's degree from Sikkim Manipal University. <mask> was awarded a Ph.D. by Panjab University, Chandigarh for his doctoral thesis on "Evaluation of Models of Human Security with Special Reference to India". His thesis examines the concept of human security as propounded by various agencies like the UN, multilateral agencies and NGO's as well as countries such as Japan, Canada, and other countries . Human security prioritizes non-military methods as a means of achieving security without compromising the priorities accorded to traditional security threats. It requires the fulfillment of people’s basic needs and rights. The thesis examines the scope for adoption of a Human Security approach within a normative and policy framework in India. He infers, that a human security approach can be usefully applied as a policy measure in India to reinforce successes in the social and economic spheres, so that the possibility of dissatisfaction turning into violent opposition and internal conflict is minimized.His article titled "Applying Human Security in Indian Context" has been published by Routledge in its publication Strategic Analysis Issue no 40 Volume 1. <mask> was also a research fellow at Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA), New Delhi and at the Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi. He is also an alumnus of Geneva Centre for Security Policy where he has attended the NISC course in 2007. He also hold a graduate degree from Fordham University, New York City, having completed the module of the International Diploma in Humanitarian Assistance course serial no 42. He is also on the roster of United Nations Civil Military Coordinators having qualified on the UN CM Coordination course in 2014. Military career
After graduating from the National Defence Academy in 1988, <mask>y was commissioned into the 4th battalion of the Brigade of the Guards (4 Guards). He saw active service in the Indian states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir before moving to the 8th battalion of the Brigade of the Guards (8 Guards) deployed in India's northeast, where he was involved in an encounter in which he nearly lost his life with multiple gunshots directed on his chest and arm and a grenade blast that exploded on his right foot and blew up a portion of the leg.In a fateful patrol <mask>y led in 1994, he was tasked to protect a few tribal villages during a phase of disturbance that involved ethnic clashes between Nagas and Kukis in Manipur's Tamenglong district. He managed to track down insurgents from the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) hiding in Tamenglong and successfully ambushed them in Longdi Pabram village. However, after the surrender of the militants, <mask>y, who was near fatally wounded, realised that there were two young children who were injured in the cross fire. When the helicopter arrived to evacuate him, he refused to be moved and insisted that the young children be taken to safety first. This noble act won over not only the villagers but also the insurgents in the area. Though the villagers presumed that <mask>y had died in the encounter, a patrol team sent to the village in March 2010 connected the villagers to <mask>y who was immediately invited and felicitated in a major way by the village. The soldier's humanitarian service has also earned him a moniker of "<mask>y <mask>ei" among the local population."<mask>ei" is a surname and clan of the influential Zeliangrong community residing in the village. <mask>y has thereafter returned several times to the village and has organised several activities for development of the region, earning him the sobriquet of "Hero of Manipur" and "Savior of Longdi Pabram". Philosophy
When asked why he chose his course of action over his own evacuation as he himself was dying, <mask>y said that the "First thing that came to my mind as a trained soldier was the safety of the children and all others. I was trained to sacrifice my own life and comfort for my people and my country who always come first. I always knew I was not amongst enemies but my own brothers and sisters. I could not choose the suffering and sorrow of the people I was sent to protect to that of mine. I could not allow the children to suffer.I had two options - one was to perpetuate the violence and the other to end it with me and say that all that is evil ends with me. I have always been inspired by Mahatma Gandhi who said "Be the change you want to see in the world". I am glad I chose the latter - the harder right instead of the easier wrong!" <mask>'s philosophy of countering insurgency is simple: "Peace is not just an absence of violence but a consistent delivery of opportunities to survive and to improve and develop not just as an individual, but also as a community and a region. Despite the lack of glamour, peace is a better choice - the right choice. We must choose peace over violence." Honours and awards
<mask>y was selected to serve in his alma mater, Bangalore Military School, after he was decorated with the Shaurya Chakra, India's third highest peacetime gallantry award.The then Chief of Army Staff who presided over the School Golden Jubilee celebrations, General Shankar Roychowdhury, handpicked him to serve in Bangalore Military School for motivation of the young cadets to join the Indian Armed Forces. With this, <mask>y earned the singular distinction of being the only "Georgian" to serve as the "Administrative Officer" (AO) at the prestigious institute. The school under his leadership went on to achieve exemplary results in all fields ranging from academics to sports to other extra-curricular activities. In 2006, he joined the Ministry of Defence as the Planning Officer (Defence) - the first service officer to do so. While on this assignment he represented the Ministry of Defence at the Conference on Disarmament at the UN office at Geneva, for the review conference on the use of Certain Conventional Weapons in 2007 and 2008. He was also part of the Indian delegation led by HE <mask> Mukherjee to the United Nations General Assembly in 2006. <mask>y was honoured by CNN IBN in the very inaugural edition of their program called India Positive.These awards delve into India’s hidden resource that cradles the wounded, makes peace among communities and improves lives of others with their selfless acts. Col. <mask> was one of the only three awardees to be felicitated with the Special Achievement Award for his acts of courage and optimism and bringing about a bigger change in the country. See also
Bangalore Military School
Longdi Pabram
Saurabh Singh Shekhawat

Citations

External links
 Lt. Col. <mask> <mask>a Chakra

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<mask> (September 20, 1924 – October 30, 2016) was an American fashion designer and couturier. Galanos is known for designing clothing for America's social elite, including Nancy Reagan, Marylin Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, and others. Early life
<mask> was born on September 20, 1924, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the only son of Greek-born parents. His mother, Helen Gorgoliatos, and his father, <mask>, a frustrated artist, ran a restaurant in southern New Jersey, where Galanos had his first glimpses of well-dressed women. He grew up a shy boy and learned to work hard from an early age. <mask> recalled that he was "a loner, surrounded by three sisters. I never sewed; I just sketched.It was simply instinctive. As a young boy I had no fashion influences around me but all the while I was dreaming of Paris and New York." <mask> graduated from Bridgeton High School in Bridgeton, New Jersey in 1942. After graduating high school, he went to New York City intending to enroll at a school headed by Barbara Karinska, the great Russian stage designer and costumer. When the school failed to open in the autumn, he enrolled at the Traphagen School of Fashion, one of the first schools of its kind. He attended two semesters at Traphagen, the first spent in general design studies and the second in draping and construction. After eight months, in 1943, <mask> left the school because he felt that what he wanted to learn could only be acquired from practical experience in the garment industry.Career

1944 – mid-1950s
In 1944, <mask> got a position as a general assistant at the New York East 49th Street emporium of Hattie Carnegie, the incubator of such talents as Jean Louis, Pauline Trigère, and Norman Norell. His job there turned out to be more clerical than creative, and, disappointed, <mask> left Carnegie and began selling his sketches to individual manufacturers on Seventh Avenue for less than ten dollars per sketch. Then, in 1945,  his former Traphagen style and fashion teacher Elisabeth Rorabach called his attention to a help-wanted ad she had seen in The New York Times, placed by textile magnate Lawrence Lesavoy. "His beautiful wife, Joan, was hoping to launch a ready-to-wear dress business in California, and they were looking for a designer,"  recalled <mask>. The Lesavoys employed him for $75.00 a week and dispatched him to Los Angeles. Their plan, however, did not materialize; the Lesavoys divorced, and <mask> lost his job. "Out of pity," <mask> said, Jean Louis, head costume designer at Columbia Pictures, hired him as a part-time assistant sketch artist.Soon afterward, Lawrence Lesavoy agreed to send the  24-year-old Galanos to Paris, just as couture houses there were rebounding from the war. Couturier Robert Piguet absorbed the American into his stable of assistants, among whom were Pierre Balmain, Hubert de Givenchy, and Marc Bohan. At the Piguet atelier, Galanos met with fabric and trimming suppliers to choose materials, sketched and draped up designs under the eye of Piguet, who oversaw his work on a daily basis. In 1948, <mask> decided to return to the U.S and accepted a job with Davidow, a dress-making firm in New York. The new job allowed him very little creativity, and he resigned shortly. In 1952, <mask> opened his own company, Galanos Originals, which was immediately ordered by Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus in Beverly Hills. He then opened his New York showroom where a Neiman Marcus clothing buyer discovered him and predicted his styles would soon "set the world on fire."Stanley Marcus, the president of Neiman Marcus, agreed and soon proclaimed that the greatest and most treasured luxury in the world for a woman to have would be a dress by <mask>. Legendary magazine editors and style arbiters such as Diana Vreeland, Eleanor Lambert, Gloria Vanderbilt, and Eugenia Sheppard became fans, ensuring that he would become a household name within months. From this first collection, his clothing has been admired for its particularly high quality, especially considering it was ready-to-wear, not custom-made. His chiffon dresses, in particular, made his reputation in the early 1950s, with their yards of meticulously hand-rolled edges. Many designers worked with chiffon, but <mask> was a true master of the genre. He draped chiffon, pleated it, layered it, used flower prints and fabrics with metallic glints. As tailored as a shirtwaist dress or as seductive as a sarong, he gave chiffon a high style all his own.Sometimes he even gilded it, as in his notable pin-striped dress with a three-dimensional jeweled butterfly embroidered on the chest. In 1953, <mask> embarked on another venture altogether – he began designing for movies. His first job was to create costumes for Rosalind Russell, the star of the forthcoming film "Never Wave at a WAC." Russell, who at that time was considered the best-dressed of all American actresses, loved <mask>' designs, and she became his friend and a loyal client. <mask> went on to design costumes for other Russell's movies, most notably the film version of Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad in 1967. After her death, Miss Russell's wardrobe – nearly all of it Galanos – was divided among a number of costume collections across the country as gifts in her memory  from her husband, Frederick Brisson. Other Galanos' contributions to film and performing arts included costume designs for Judy Garland for General Electric Theater and Judy Garland Musical Special, both in 1956, as well as the 1974 film Ginger in the Morning, starring Sissy Spacek.Mid-1950s – 1998
 <mask> gathered some of the most talented craftsmen available in his workrooms; many were trained in Europe or in the costume studios of Hollywood, for whom he continued to design from time to time. Nondas Keramitsis, Galanos' head tailor, moved to Los Angeles from his native Greece to make women's clothing. He had heard about <mask> through relatives and soon started working with him in his Los Angeles studio. Keramitsis and a crew of about 22 tailors he oversaw made everything by hand. If <mask>' work was compared to that of anyone else, it was compared to French haute couture. His business was more comparable to a couture house than a ready-to-wear manufacturer; there was a great amount of hand work in each garment, and all of his famous beadwork and embroidery was done by his staff. <mask> always chose fabrics and trimmings personally during trips to Europe and Asia.Though he constantly looked for the best fabrics, <mask> often felt compelled to create his own. So he would make jackets out of different colored ribbons to toss over his chiffon dresses in impressionist colors. Or he would cross black satin ribbons over black lace for the bodices of delicately frothy short evening dresses. He often lined his dresses with silks that other designers used for dresses themselves, and he was always a firm believer in the importance of hidden details. These details made a difference in the feel of the clothes on the body and the hang of the fabric, and his clients all over the world were willing to pay a great deal for them. Details that were not hidden included sequins, feathers, metallic brocades, and laces. He often balanced his most glittering dresses with quiet tie-dyed velvet sheaths and long, clingy styles in black crepe or crushed velvet."Galanos: Perfection, and Lots of It," read the headline in The New York Times after Galanos' show of some 200 designs in 1988. "While he travels to Europe for his fabrics – many are the same as those used in the Paris couture collections – most of <mask>'s designing is done in California," reported the Times. "His standards are as high as those found anywhere in the world. If a comparison is made, it is usually with the Paris couture. It is reasonably astonishing that an American designer of ready-to-wear should merit that kind of homage over so long a period of time." Fashion designer Gustave Tassell, a long-time friend of Galanos, recalls an occasion when Hubert de Givenchy, the illustrious French couturier, was looking at an inside of a Galanos garment and exclaimed "... we don't make them this well in Paris!" It was precisely this couture quality and the timelessness of <mask>' designs that caused his clients to never part with their gowns and continue wearing them over many years.But it was also the price tag. "Nobody could afford to dress completely with Jimmy," Nancy Reagan once confessed. "I hang on to what I have." <mask> was also famous for his exquisite furs. He used mainly mink, sable, lynx, and broadtail and handled the furs imaginatively as if they were fabric. He smocked and quilted the surfaces, nipped the waistlines and used drawstrings, ruffles, and capelets to give a strong fashion slant to all that opulence. He often designed for Peter Dion, the furrier who made sure that the quality of the pelts and the workmanship supported the innovative design.At the top of the line were coats made of lynx bellies, so soft and fluffy they looked airborne. The short style was selling for $200,000, the long one – for $300,000. The fitted coat was a Galanos specialty, successful in almost any fur, including fox. As he did with his ready-to-wear, Galanos also made the hats and other accessories, which included short fur scarves with mink tails hanging from the ends. He showed his coats over stretch tights and bodysuits with satin surfaces. There were unexpected styles as well, like fur shorts, gathered down the sides. Many sleeves featured the smock quilting that became a Galanos signature.He also had a special feeling for broadtail, the tissue-thin fur with a sleek, elegant surface. But Galanos could also make soft mink coats look lean, willowy and graceful by the way he shaped the skins in the back or carved the hemline in a back-dipping curve. According to Bernardine Morris of the New York Times, Galanos' "best design is a slender coat with the skins worked vertically through the bodice and horizontally for the skirt, an example of elegant proportioning." Many of the world's most socially prominent women were Galanos customers. "<mask> designs for wealthy women who go to luncheons and cocktail parties, dine at the finest restaurants and are invited to the best parties," reported The New York Times. "His clothes are rarely seen in business offices. It isn't only because of the five-figure price tags, although they are daunting to all but the highest-paid executives.It's also the glamour quotient of the clothes." <mask> agreed, "I design for a very limited group of people," he told Time magazine in 1985. In the 1980s, he made national headlines as First Lady Nancy Reagan's favorite designer. Reagan first met <mask> in 1951 at a boutique in Beverly Hills. At the time, Regan was working as an actress in Hollywood. She wore dresses created by <mask> to Ronald Reagan's first inaugural ball as governor of California in 1967, and again in 1971

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 and 1981. The fact that Mrs. Reagan wore a 16-year-old Galanos gown to her first state dinner at the White House attested to the timelessness and durability not only of his workmanship, but more importantly, of his design.This type of occurrence was commonplace among his faithful customers, who included Marilyn Monroe,  Elizabeth Taylor, Jackie Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Grace Kelly, Diana Ross, Betsy Bloomingdale, Rosalind Russell, Marlene Dietrich, Dorothy Lamour, Judy Garland, Loretta Young, Ali MacGraw, Ivana Trump, Carolyne Roehm, Kim Basinger, Arianna Huffington and many other notable personalities and film and media stars. In 1982, John Duka, the New York Times columnist, described in his column, Notes on Fashion, a black tie party in <mask>' honor attended by his A-list fans, "<mask>, the designer whose clothing is unmatched in quality and price in this country, was in town, and almost immediately the level of social exchange seemed elevated as if by ripple effect. Betsy and Michael Kaiser – he is the photographer – gave a black tie buffet dinner for the designer Saturday. Among those at table were Lyn Revson, Gordon Parks, Barbara Walters, Arianna Stassinopoulos, former Senator Abraham A. Ribicoff and his wife, Casey, Freddie and Arlette Brisson, Mary McFadden, Tammy Grimes, Stephen Paley, John Loring, Gloria Vanderbilt, William Macomber, Sybilla Clark, Alex Gregory, Frank and Gloria Schiff and Bob Colacello. Mr. <mask> was the center of attention: Almost every woman in the room was wearing one of his designs." 1998 – 2016
In 1998, <mask> retired after a career spanning nearly five decades. Despite his retirement, <mask> continued to make his presence known in the fashion world.In 2002, he blasted the fashion industry for catering to only young women with perfect bodies. In an interview with WWD over lunch at the Pierre Hotel in New York he asked the reporter, Eric Wilson, shaking his head in contempt,  "How many women can wear just a patch over their crotch and a bra? Aren't you embarrassed when you see a young girl walking down the street practically naked? Fashion is geared only to young people today," <mask> continued. "All we see is Levi's and bare bellies to the point of nausea. There are no clothes for elegant women. Let's face it, some of the things you see in the paper are absolutely monstrous looking – and I'm not squeamish.God knows I made sexy clothes in my day, but there's a point when you have to say, 'Enough, already'." Of contemporary designers, he admired the work of Ralph Rucci, who shares <mask>' views of the state of fashion at the beginning of the new millennium. "I think we're in a state of mediocrity," Rucci told design students at the San Francisco Academy of Art University. Beginning in the early 2000s, <mask> attended most of Rucci's shows in New York and Paris. "I thought what he was doing was really terrific,"  <mask> told Cathy Horyn of The New York Times in 2002, "he has the same kind of concept that I had – beautiful details that you don't see in ready-to-wear." "Ralph Rucci makes clothes like no one else, taking pains to make things that are beautifully finished," he told Harper's Bazaar in 2004. On his side, Rucci considers <mask> a major influence in his work and a continuing inspiration."If we were in Japan, we'd have an expression and call [Galanos] our national living treasure," Rucci told a group of distinguished guests that included Nancy Reagan, Betsy Bloomingdale and Peggy Moffitt, at an event honoring <mask> at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills. "While he officially retired in 1998," wrote Alix Browne in The New York Times, "he shows no signs of falling out of fashion." Galanos's vintage gowns remain chic, sought after and popular among the international jet-set, Hollywood stars and supermodels, and have been seen on such notable women as Celine Dion, Renée Zellweger, Nicole Kidman, Jessica Alba, Heidi Klum, Tatiana Sorokko, Amber Valletta, Christina Ricci, Ashley Olsen and Katie Holmes, among many others. Photography
Having reinvented himself as an abstract photographer, in 2006, at age 82, <mask>'s first exhibition of photography was held to great acclaim at the Serge Sorokko Gallery in San Francisco. The show featured more than 40 photographs taken by Galanos over the previous several years. The works were mostly abstract, with the notable exception of a few mystical, mirror-effect enigmatic landscapes. Much like fashion design, his photography revolved around material, shape and color.The subjects were crafted by <mask> out of paper or fabric and then photographed in evocative light, creating subtle variations of tone and shading. Awards and recognition
  <mask> was the youngest designer to win the Coty Fashion Award in 1954. He was also a winner in 1956 and he was inducted into the Coty Hall of Fame in 1959. His other honors included the Crystal Ball Award from The Fashion Group of Philadelphia, 1963; the Fashion Award from the Drexel Institute of Technology, 1965; the London Sunday Times International Award, 1968; the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce Golden 44 Award, 1980; a Diploma di Merita from the Universita delle Arte Terme, Italy, 1981. He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1982. <mask> also received the prestigious Council of Fashion Designers of America Lifetime Achievement Award in 1985. In the year 2000, the City of New York began honoring American fashion designers by placing bronze plaques along the pavement of Seventh Avenue.Dubbed the "Fashion Walk of Fame", <mask> was one of the first designers to be so honored. In 2007, he became the recipient of the Rodeo Drive Walk of Style Award, and one year later, in 2008, he received a Doctor of Philosophy degree honoris causa from the San Francisco Academy of Art University. <mask> was the subject of numerous museum solo exhibitions, and his designs are in the permanent collections of important museums worldwide, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York,  Victoria and Albert Museum in London, U.K, the  Los Angeles County Museum of Art, in Los Angeles, Musée Galliera in Paris, France, the Phoenix Art Museum in Phoenix, Arizona, the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York, N.Y., the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn, N.Y. and the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco, California, to name a few. <mask>' career spanned more than half a century. "To <mask>, fashion is all about making women look beautiful," wrote Anne-Marie Schiro in The New York Times, "and he has devoted 44 years of his life to designing clothes to that end." He "was always a hero to all those who worshiped at the feet of fashion, not just those who wore the clothes", wrote Bernardine Morris in an introduction to the catalogue of <mask>' retrospective exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1996. "He was heralded as the equal of any of the mythic group of French designers who represented the apotheosis of fashion.The difference, then and now, is that <mask>' clothes were ready-to-wear; the French Haute Couture made custom clothes. In this, he is truly an American designer. For, in this country, it is ready-to-wear that dominates fashion, a lesson the French learned after he pointed the way. This may be <mask>' major contribution to the fashion world: he brought brilliance and quality to styles meant to be bought off the rack"

In September 2016, the Robert and Penny Fox Historic Costume Collection of the Westphal College of Media Arts and Design at Drexel University received a gift from the James G. Galanos Foundation of nearly 700 ensembles. In 2018, two years after his passing, the university honored <mask> by naming a new exhibition within their fashion department after him. Personal life
<mask> never married. He was the uncle of fine jewelry designer Diana Vincent, of Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania.He retired in 1998 and lived in Palm Springs, California and West Hollywood. <mask> died on October 30, 2016 at his home in West Hollywood, California at the age of 92. Museum exhibitions (partial list)

 Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California
 Museum at Fashion Institute of Technology, New York, N.Y.
 Kent State University Museum, Kent, Ohio
 Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC
 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, N.Y.
 Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, N.Y.
 Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
 Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, Texas
 Palm Springs Art Museum, Palm Springs, California

Selected filmography
 Never Wave at a WAC, 1953
 Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad, 1967
 Ginger in the Morning, 1974
 Protocol, 1984

Literature
 Williams, Beryl. Young Faces in Fashion. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1956. ASIN B0007E744Y
 Levin, Phyllis Lee.The Wheels of Fashion. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, 1965. ASIN B0007DKMIA
 Bender, Marilyn. The Beautiful People. New York: Coward-McCann, 1967. ASIN B001Q8MM7O
 Vecchio, Walter. Riley, Robert.The Fashion Makers: A Photographic Record. New York: Bookthrift Co, 1968. Watkins, Josephine Ellis. Who's  Who in Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1975. ASIN B000MBSMYS
 Waltz, Barbara, and Morris, Bernardine. The Fashion Makers.New York: Random House, 1978. Houck, Catherine. The Fashion Encyclopedia. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982. Diamonstein, Barbaralee. Fashion: The Inside Story. New York: Rizzoli, 1985.Milbank, Caroline Rennolds. Couture: The Great Designers. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1985. Milbank, Caroline Rennolds. New York Fashion: The Evolution of American Style. New York: Abrams Books, 1989. Gold, Annalee.90 Years of Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1990. Bradley, <mask>. Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1996. Stegemeyer, Anne. Who's Who in Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 2003.Loring, John. <mask>, <mask>. Lambert, Eleanore Tiffany in Fashion: A Study of American Fashion and Fashion Photography, 1933–2003. New York: Abrams, 2003. Sewell, Dennita. Extending the Runway: Tatiana Sorokko Style. Moscow: Russian Fashion Museum, 2010.Sources
 Morrow, Suzanne Stark, The World of <mask>nos. Architectural Digest, October 1981
 Talley, André Leon, A Certain Quality: Galanos. Vogue, April 1985
 Batterberry, Ariane and Michael, The Loner, Connoisseur. May 1985
 Milbank, Caroline Rennolds, <mask>: Disciplined Elegance in the Hollywood Hills. Architectural Digest, September 1988

References

External links

 <mask> at Artnet.com
 <mask> at Serge Sorokko Gallery

1924 births
2016 deaths
American fashion designers
American people of Greek descent
Bridgeton High School alumni
People from Bridgeton, New Jersey
Artists from Palm Springs, California
Artists from Philadelphia
Traphagen School of Fashion

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<mask> (born October 23, 1984) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Light Heavyweight division of the Professional Fighters League. A professional competitor since 2008, he has also competed for Bellator and King of the Cage, where he is the current Light Heavyweight Champion. Mixed martial arts career

Amateur career
In December 2009, <mask> fought for the North American Allied Fight Series amateur Light Heavyweight Championship against Dane Bonnigson. He lost via referee stoppage due to strikes. <mask> compiled an amateur record of 4–2 before moving into professional mixed martial arts. Early professional career
<mask> started his professional career in 2011. He fought exclusively for the Kentucky-based promotion, Spartan Fighting Championship.<mask> won three times in a row, including first round victories over fellow prospects Jared Combs and Dominique Steele. In 2012, <mask> signed with Bellator. Bellator Fighting Championships
<mask> made his debut on June 22, 2012 at Bellator 71 against Duane Bastress. He won via submission early in the first round. <mask> faced Shaun Asher on October 26, 2012 at Bellator 78. He won via submission in the first round. <mask> faced Jack Hermansson on March 21, 2013 at Bellator 93.For the fifth time in a row he won via submission in the first round. <mask> faced Giva Santana on September 7, 2013 at Bellator 98 in the quarterfinal match of Bellator Season Nine Middleweight Tournament. After losing the first round, <mask> rebounded and won the fight via TKO in the second round. <mask> faced Mikkel Parlo in the semifinal on October 4, 2013 at Bellator 102. He lost the fight via unanimous decision (30–27, 29–28, 29–28). <mask> faced Andreas Michailidis at Bellator 128 on October 10, 2014. He won the fight via TKO in the second round.<mask> faced Tamdan McCrory at Bellator 134 on February 27, 2015. He lost the fight via submission in the first round. Mixed martial arts record

|Win
|align=center|13–4
|Karl Williams
|Submission (triangle choke)
|B2 Fighting Series 142
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:38
|Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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|-
|Win
|align=center|12–4
|Gabriel Mota
|Submission (triangle choke)
|HR MMA 121
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:38
|Covington, Kentucky, United States
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|-
| Loss
| align=center|11–4
|Emiliano Sordi
|KO (punch)
|PFL 7
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:16
|Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center|11–3
| Maxim Grishin
| TKO (leg injury)
| PFL 2
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:41
| Chicago, Illinois, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|11–2
|Jesse Murray
|KO (punches)
|KOTC: Locked In
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:42
|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
|Defended KOTC Light Heavyweight Championship. |-
|Win
|align=center|10–2
|William Hill
|TKO
|KOTC: Violent Confrontation
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:07
|Carlton, Minnesota, United States
|Defended KOTC Light Heavyweight Championship. |-
|Win
|align=center|9–2
|Robert Morrow
|KO (punches)
|KOTC: Harm's Way
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:01
|Washington, Pennsylvania, United States
|Won the KOTC Light Heavyweight Championship. |-
|Loss
|align=center|8–2
|Tamdan McCrory
|Submission (armbar)
|Bellator 134
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:06
|Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|8–1
|Andreas Michailidis
|TKO (punches)
|Bellator 128
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|0:28
|Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|7–1
|Mikkel Parlo
|Decision (unanimous)
|Bellator 102
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Visalia, California, United States
|Bellator Season Nine Middleweight Tournament Semifinal. |-
|Win
|align=center|7–0
|Giva Santana
|TKO (punches)
|Bellator 98
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:12
|Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|6–0
|Jack Hermansson
|Submission (triangle choke)
|Bellator 93
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:24
|Lewiston, Maine, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|5–0
|Shaun Asher
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|Bellator 78
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:32
|Dayton, Ohio, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|4–0
|Duane Bastress
|Submission (triangle choke)
|Bellator 71
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:03
|Chester, West Virginia, United States
|Middleweight debut.|-
|Win
|align=center|3–0
|Jared Combs
|Submission (triangle choke)
|Spartan FC 11: Destruction
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:00
|Ashland, Kentucky, United States
|195 lb. |-
|Win
|align=center|3–0
|Dan Spohn
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|NAAFS: Caged Fury 7
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:38
|Cleveland, Ohio, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
|Phillip Clark Jr.
|TKO (punches)
|NAAFS: Caged Vengeance 6
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:26
|Columbus, Ohio, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Vincent Antinore
|Submission (punches)
|UVC 1: Rumble on the River
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:23
|Portsmouth, Ohio, United States
|

References

1984 births
Living people
People from Lincoln County, West Virginia
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American male mixed martial artists
Middleweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People from Huntington, West Virginia
Mixed martial artists from West Virginia

masks:
Jason Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher


text_chunks:
<mask> "Mickey" <mask> (April 11, 1891 – October 27, 1958) was an American motion picture actor, screenwriter, film director, and producer. Early life
Born in San Bernardino, California, Neilan was known by most as "Mickey." Following the death of his father, the eleven-year-old Mickey Neilan had to give up on school to work at whatever he could find in order to help support his mother. As a teenager, he began acting in bit parts in live theatre, and in 1910 he got a job as chauffeur, driving Biograph Studios executives around Los Angeles to determine the suitability of the West Coast as a place for a permanent studio. Career
Neilan made his film debut as part of the acting cast on the American Film Manufacturing Company Western The Stranger at Coyote (1912). Hired by Kalem Studios for their Western film production facility in Santa Monica, Neilan was first cast opposite Ruth Roland. Described as confident, but egotistical at times, Neilan's talent saw him directing films within a year of joining Kalem.After acting in more than seventy silent film shorts for Kalem and directing more than thirty others, <mask> was hired by the Selig Polyscope Company then Bison Motion Pictures and Famous Players-Lasky Corporation. In 1915, <mask> was one of the founding members of the Motion Picture Directors Association along with directors such as Cecil B. DeMille, Allan Dwan, and William Desmond Taylor. At the end of 1916, <mask> was hired by Mary Pickford Films where he directed Pickford in several productions including Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm and The Little Princess in 1917, plus Stella Maris in 1918, Amarilly of Clothes-Line Alley, M'Liss in 1918, and Daddy-Long-Legs in 1919. Having all but given up acting, <mask>'s directing successes led to him creating his own production company and between 1920 and 1926, Marshall Neilan Productions made eleven feature-length films almost all of which were distributed through First National Pictures. He received critical acclaim for directing and producing such films as Bits of Life and The Lotus Eater. In 1929, he was hired by RKO Radio Pictures; although he reputedly had difficulty adapting to directing the new talkies, that year he successfully directed Rudy Vallee and Marie Dressler in the "all-talking" The Vagabond Lover. Contrary to the legend that the film was a commercial and critical failure (except for Dressler's highly praised performance), the film was a hit, making a profit of $335,000, and was one of four top hits for RKO in 1929.Early in his career Neilan had done as most others in the pioneering days of film and helped out in many areas of filmmaking through performing, directing, and writing. A talented screenwriter, in 1927 he wrote the original story for the Howard Hughes film, Hell's Angels. Initially, he had also been hired as the film's director, back when it was still a silent, but Hughes' overbearing style forced him to drop out, and he was replaced a few weeks into production by a more pliable director, Edmund Goulding; due to massive reshoots (as well as the recasting of the lead role with Jean Harlow), none of the footage Neilan shot made it into the final film. He was then hired by Hal Roach Studios, for whom he directed a few films in 1930, and he made his final directorial effort in 1937. Having battled alcoholism for a large part of his adult life, twenty years after he made his last film, Neilan returned to acting on the screen in a small role portraying an aging and less than enlightened United States Senator in the Elia Kazan film, A Face in the Crowd. In 1955, <mask> was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. In recognition of his contribution to the motion picture industry, in 1940 the Directors Guild of America conferred on him an "Honorary Life Member Award."He later received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6233 Hollywood Blvd. Personal life and death
<mask> married actress Gertrude Bambrick in 1913 with whom he had a son, <mask>, Jr, their only child. A year after he and Bambrick divorced in 1921, Neilan married actress Blanche Sweet, whom he directed on several occasions. They too divorced in 1929. <mask> died in Los Angeles in 1958 of throat cancer. He is interred there in Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery. Selected filmography

Actor
 Ranch Girls on a Rampage (1912, Short) - The Police Officer
 The Wooers of Mountain Kate (1912, Short)
 Fatty's Busy Day (1913, Short) - Minor Role
 The Wall of Money (1913, Short) - Neilan - Idea Man
 The House of Discord (1913, Short) - The Daughter's Sweetheart
 Judith of Bethulia (1914) - Minor Role (uncredited)
 Ham the Iceman (1914, Short) - Dick - Alice's Sweetheart
 Put Me Off at Wayville (1915, Short) - Billy - a Friend
 The Country Boy (1915) - Tom Wilson
 The Love Route (1915)
 The Commanding Officer (1915) - Capt.

masks:
Marshall Ambrose
Neilan
Neilan
Neilan
Neilan
Neilan
Neilan
Marshall Neilan
Marshall Neilan
Neilan


text_chunks:
<mask> (born November 3, 1986), also known as "The Puerto Rican Princess", is a Puerto Rican reality television personality, rapper, and actress. She came to prominence as a main cast member of the VH1 reality series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta. She appeared on the show for six seasons alongside her boyfriend Stevie J, with whom she also starred in the spin-off Stevie J & Joseline: Go Hollywood. Early life
<mask> was born on November 3, 1986, in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and grew up in the public housing system of Puerto Rico. Her biological father died from a heroin overdose. She moved to Florida at the age of 6, along with her mother Carmen, stepfather Luis, her older sister Yanira, and her four brothers, Jorge, Hisael, Kermit and Luis Jr. Her youngest brother has autism and requires special care.From the age of 16, she began stripping in order to provide for her family. During this time, she was arrested in 2003 and 2007 under the name Shenellica Bettencourt, for lewd and lascivious behavior. Career
In 2007, <mask> filmed a failed television pilot for Showtime, centered around a group of strippers working at the Diamond Cabaret in Miami, where she gave her name as Shenellica Bettencourt. Breakthrough, Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (2012–2017)
<mask> was discovered by Grammy Award-winning record producer Stevie J while performing as a stripper at the Onyx Club in Atlanta. In 2012, she became part of the original cast of Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta, appearing as Stevie J's new artist, an aspiring rapper, singer and actress. It was later revealed that the two were romantically involved, much to the anger of his girlfriend, Mimi Faust. The trio's love triangle became Love & Hip Hop: Atlantas leading storyline and <mask> continued as a main cast member for six seasons.It became the highest rated show of the Love & Hip Hop franchise and is one of the highest rating shows on VH1 overall, averaging 3.5 million viewers per episode. The show's success and notoriety catapulted <mask> to stardom, leading to appearances at the 2013 AVN Awards, the 2013 BET Hip Hop Awards and the 2015 BET Awards, as well as guest spots on This Is Hot 97, K. Michelle: My Life, The Wendy Williams Show and Hip Hop Squares. She also made several cameo appearances with Stevie in various hip hop and R&B videos, including the music videos for Trey Songz's "Hail Mary", The Game's "I Remember", Ciara's "Body Party" and Faith Evans' "I Deserve It". During the course of the show, <mask> released a series of reggaeton and dancehall-influenced singles and music videos, many of which are sung and spoken in Spanish, her native tongue. She performed her songs "Church" and "Stingy with My Kutty Katt" live at ''Love & Hip Hop: Atlantas fourth season reunion. She also appeared on Rocko's mixtape Wordplay 2 on the track "Girls Gone Wild" (with Young Dro). In 2016, <mask> starred with Stevie in the spin-off show Stevie J & Joseline: Go Hollywood, which premiered to 2.6 million viewers.In 2017, she starred in her own television special, <mask>'s Special Delivery, which premiered on VH1 on May 1, 2017, and documented the birth of her child. On June 5, 2016, <mask> revealed that she had filmed an acting role on Lee Daniels' television series Star, which aired from December 14, 2016, on Fox. She appeared in the pilot episode as Michelle, a stripper. She returned in a recurring role for three more episodes in 2017. <mask> appeared as a guest co-host on the syndicated talk show The Real from January 23 to 27, 2017, and again from May 1 to 5, 2017. On June 1, 2017, <mask> quit Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta during the taping of the sixth season's reunion, amid tensions with creator Mona Scott-Young and the show's producers. Joseline's Cabaret (2017–present)
On August 6, 2017, <mask> released a preview of the song "Run Me My Money" on her Instagram account, along with a tag #MONAFEA ("fea" meaning "ugly" in Spanish).It was immediately alleged that "Run Me My Money" is a diss record aimed at Scott-Young. <mask> commented "The show people, let's just get this very clear, all them bitches that go through Love & Hip Hop, they work for me. I get royalties on all them asses, so that was the inspiration." However, she did not directly confirm whether she was taking aim at Scott-Young. Over the next few weeks, <mask> released snippets of eight new songs, "Mi Cualto", "Slay", "Playboy Bunny", "Papi Lindo", "Finger Fuck a Check", "Spanish Rocksta", "No Me Importa" and "Gold" (feat. Miss Mulatto). On October 8, 2017, she released "Run Me My Money" in full as a digital download.On November 15, 2017, she released "Hate Me Now". This song was widely reported to be as a diss track against Cardi B. Although "Hate Me Now" was poorly received by critics, it peaked at number nine on the HotNewHipHop's Top 100 Songs chart due to "its beef-centric content". In January 2018, <mask> released a preview of the music video for "Hate Me Now" on her official Instagram page. On January 8, 2018, it was reported that <mask> was filming a new reality show, Joseline Takes Miami, produced by Carlos King. <mask> appeared as a commentator (via satellite link) on the talk show Bossip on WE tv from August 30, 2018, until October 4, 2018. On March 4, 2019, it was reported that production on Joseline Takes Miami had been stalled and that the network was requesting reshoots.The project never made it to air. On September 29, 2019, Joseline appeared as a guest star on Bravo's Married to Medicine. On October 11, 2019, it was announced that Joseline had signed a deal with streaming service Zeus Network to create, produce and star in her own reality show franchise. The first incarnation, Joseline's Cabaret: Miami, would premiere January 19, 2020. On December 11, 2019, VH1 announced that Joseline would be returning to the Love & Hip Hop franchise after a three year hiatus and join the cast of Love & Hip Hop: Miami for its third season, which would premiere January 6, 2020. On January 9, 2020, WE tv announced that <mask> and her boyfriend Balistic Beats would appear on the latest season of Marriage Boot Camp: Hip Hop Edition, which would premiere February 6, 2020.http://www.thefutoncritic.com/video/2020/01/08/video-we-tv-drops-supertease-and-reveals-the-cast-for-all-new-season-of-marriage-boot-camp-hip-hop-edition-premiering-thursday-february-6-at-10pm-26513/20200108we01/

Personal life
<mask> is openly bisexual. She and Stevie initially claimed to have married in 2013.However, Stevie J admitted in 2016 that the marriage was faked for publicity and in court documents released later that year, Joseline confirmed they were in a long-term relationship and never legally married. The couple's break up was documented in Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta's fifth season, although they have reconciled on-and-off since then. During filming of Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta'''s fifth season reunion, <mask> revealed she was pregnant with Stevie's sixth child. She gave birth to their daughter on December 28, 2016. In April 2019, it was reported that <mask> was dating music producer Robin Ingouma, known professionally as Balistic Beats. The couple got engaged later that year. Discography

Singles

Guest appearances

Filmography

Television

References

External links

Reality television participants
1986 births
Living people
Rappers from Atlanta
Bisexual musicians
Bisexual women
LGBT rappers
Hispanic and Latino American rappers
Puerto Rican women rappers
Puerto Rican women musicians
21st-century Puerto Rican women singers
Puerto Rican female models
21st-century Puerto Rican actresses
LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people
LGBT entertainers from Puerto Rico
American female erotic dancers
Hip hop models
Participants in American reality television series
21st-century American rappers
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Joseline Hernandez
Joseline Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Joseline
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez
Joseline
Joseline
Hernandez
Hernandez
Hernandez