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was a Japanese soldier and businessman who devoted his post-retirement years to traveling to Papua New Guinea to recover the remains of his former comrades and other Japanese soldiers who died during the Second World War. His life was described in the 2008 book The Bone Man of Kokoda by Australian journalist Charles Happell. Childhood and prewar
<mask> grew up in Kōchi Prefecture in Shikoku. He had three siblings, and their father became ill and died when he was nine, and <mask> worked to help support his family. When he was 11 the family moved to Ota Ward in Tokyo and he worked in a factory by day while studying at a technical school by night. At 15 he became a fitter and machinist in a factory, and began to build a reputation as a trouble-shooter. He returned to Kochi City for his military medical examination in 1940 and was conscripted the following year.Wartime experience

<mask> was assigned to the 3rd platoon of the 5th company of the 144th Regiment of the  under Major General Tomitarō Horii. After six months of difficult training which included severe beatings from officers, he and his unit shipped out of Kochi on 22 September 1941 on the Yokohama Maru. After meeting no resistance from the Americans on Guam, and relatively light resistance from the Australians on New Britain, <mask>'s unit was deployed to New Guinea. The Yokohama Maru was sunk by air attack, and <mask>'s unit took part in the thrust towards Port Moresby and fought on the Kokoda Track. After surviving being shot three times <mask> was the only man of his 56-member platoon to survive the Battle of Brigade Hill, referred to by the Japanese as the Battle of Efogi. After an extremely difficult retreat to the north coast of New Guinea, <mask> was part of the besieged Japanese forces in Girua. The starving garrisons resorted to cannibalism of dead Allied soldiers and Papuans, and sometimes their own dead, which they referred to as "white pork" and "black pork".<mask> did also. In late 1942 he was made a platoon leader, and promoted to Lance-corporal. Evacuated from New Guinea to the Japanese stronghold of Rabaul in New Britain, he weighed 28 kilograms. After recuperating, he left on the Kozan Maru, which was sunk by an American submarine just off Taiwan. He was injured and once again hospitalized. In October 1943 he was sent to Burma, where the 5th company fought against the British army. He was again wounded and later struck down with malaria, and in 1944 he was sent to Singapore on the way back to Japan.His ship was damaged and put in at Taiwan for repairs, finally arriving back in Asakura in Kochi on 8 January 1945. Suffering from malaria once again, he was in a Kochi hospital when the war ended. Postwar life
In late 1945 <mask> married Yukiko, five years his junior. He was introduced to her on an omiai (arranged matchmaking date) organized by a classmate of his mother, on the condition that he would return to New Guinea to retrieve the bodies of his comrades. They had four children, three sons and a daughter. The Military Police (MPs) were very active at this time and while he had not been involved in any war crimes, he didn't trust the MPs, and avoided ports and railway stations due to their checkpoints. He worked various jobs around Shikoku and set up the Kochi Prefecture Cooperative to arrange jobs for unemployed veterans, widows and families who had lost men in the war.The postwar Occupation of Japan formally ended in 1952, and in 1955 he returned to Tokyo. He founded the Nishimura Machinery Research Institute in Tokyo's Ota Ward. The firm is still in business as of 2018. He once again developed a reputation as a trouble-shooter and became friends with Akio Morita, the founder of Sony, who dealt with him directly. He also did work for Hitachi and developed a relationship with its president. He developed a rotary engine for motor vehicles but refused to sell it to Isuzu Motors when it became clear that it would sell the information to a foreign company. His oldest and favorite son Akira died in a car accident in 1966 at age twenty.Over the years <mask> visited the mostly empty graves of his dead comrades, and also visited their relatives. He gradually made plans to return to New Guinea to retrieve his friends' bodies. He was partly inspired in the 1970s by the return to Japan of the holdouts Shōichi Yokoi and Hiroo Onoda who had refused to accept word of Japan's surrender, and the fact that the war was being forgotten by the Japanese public also spurred him on. He was a member of the Kochi-New Guinea Association, a veterans group, which disapproved of his plans to recover bodies without going through official government channels. Sadashige Imanishi, a senior member of the association and a friend of <mask>, had been on a 1969 recovery operation with the Ministry of Health and stayed in Popondetta. Dozens of bodies were recovered and cremated, and then placed in Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery in Tokyo. In 1979 when he told his wife Yukiko and their children of his plans to return to New Guinea post-retirement, she argued against it, as did his two surviving sons.His daughter Sachiko supported him, and the family split down the middle. He gave his wife almost all of his property and never saw her nor their remaining two sons again. When interviewed later in life, <mask> stated that he could not even remember his wife's name, and that his sons are "nothing to do with me." The Bone Man of Kokoda
In 1979 <mask> made a short trip to Papua New Guinea, which had only just become independent from Australia in 1975. He went again in 1980. He built a house in Popondetta to use as a base. He did some work helping to train locals as mechanics, got a ten million yen Japanese government grant to build a school, and got approval from PNG parliament members Michael Somare and Stephen Tago to look for Japanese remains.A Japanese documentary about his work was aired in Japan, which resulted in some publicity and Yoshiki Miyagi of Shinko Trading providing and shipping earthmoving equipment to PNG free of charge, to be used to build roads. <mask> started searching for bodies in earnest and found 120 at Girua beach, and 60 around the Buna and Gona areas. Life in PNG was challenging, with his Popondetta house being burglarized a number of times, and he also had some issues with Hirozaku Yasuhara, a Japanese right wing group member who claimed to be from an organization called the "Remains Recovery Association" (Ikotsu-shu-shudan). Yasuhara attempted to get control of the remains <mask> had recovered, even having some of them stolen from <mask>'s house. Yasuhara also sent a demand through the Japanese embassy to the government back in Tokyo demanding ¥64 million or they wouldn't receive any remains. The money was not paid, leaving locals angry with Yasuhara. <mask> continued his recovery work and retrieved 30 to 35 bodies from around Waju.He was very disappointed to learn that the bodies at the Battle of Brigade Hill, site where his platoon was wiped out had later been burned, so he was unable to recover bodies, just a portion of the ash, which he returned to the Gokoku shinto shrine in Kōchi. As of 2017, some items recovered by Nishimura are also housed at the shrine in Kochi. Having been unable to retrieve his comrades, he organized a memorial monument to be built, which was completed on 5 July 1989. Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone had offered to provide some of his private funds to support <mask>'s work, but he refused, worrying that if it became public knowledge it could cause a political scandal for Nakasone. In 1989 he recovered some remains on South Girua, including a skull with four gold teeth. A bureaucrat from the Japanese Ministry of Health was there at the time, and he demanded that <mask> turn over all the bones. <mask> told the bureaucrat that he would not, and that he would have to kill <mask> to get them.The bureaucrat backed down, and <mask> gave him a few other bones to allow the bureaucrat to save face, but <mask> kept the skull. He continued his work through the 1990s, and helped a number of relatives of the war dead find or look for the places in PNG where they died. As the 50th anniversary of the end of the war approached the Japanese government wanted to collect the bones, and <mask> was under the impression that they would have them tested and try to return them to their relatives. But the ministry of health did not do so. Just like the remains recovered in 1969 on the trip Imanishi took part in, the remains of the approximately 200 bodies <mask> had handed over were burned and placed in Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery, not tested or returned to relatives. This infuriated him. In 1999 <mask> was in Japan attempting to track down the family of the skull with four gold teeth.After fifty nights of travel and visiting sixty-seven families he finally located the correct family in Shōbara, Hiroshima. The deceased soldier was Takashi Yokokawa, but his family rejected the skull as the dead man had had a bad reputation in the family. <mask> was incensed but the skull was accepted by Masaaki Izawa of the Japan War-Bereaved Families Association, who helped arrange and pay for a grave in Shōbara cemetery. A newspaper article about the search for the relatives of the skull caught the attention of Miyo Inoue, a Communist Party member of the House of Councillors, who outlined <mask>'s work in PNG both to recover remains, build memorials to the fallen, and help the local people. She asked the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare Chikara Sakaguchi why the Japanese government was not performing these tasks. Sakaguchi said "I can just bow my head for his efforts for his dead friends at the old age of seventy-nine." From 2000 to 2002 <mask> worked for Bernard Narokobi, a PNG parliamentarian.This provided him with income and gave him the opportunity to travel many places with Narakobi, opening doors and helping him learn about the locations of more remains. PNG had passed a law that human remains in PNG were the property of PNG, and some remains were being used as tourist attractions by unscrupulous tourist operators. He arranged for Narokobi to travel to Japan to have Japanese officials request that the law be revoked. None of the Japanese officials raised the issue, providing another disappointment. Return to Japan
In 2005, no longer able to continue his work due to ill health, <mask> left PNG to return to Japan. He moved in with his daughter Sachiko, an elementary school teacher in Kazo, Saitama. He still suffered from malaria attacks, and estimated that he had spent around 400 million yen on his work recovering remains and tracking down relatives, which included building roads and bridges, as well as buying boats.While no longer able to do as much as he once could, he helped relatives of war dead with information about their relatives when he could. Final trip to PNG
Wayne Wetherall, a PNG campaign historian and the founder of the Kokoda Spirit trekking company, travelled to Japan in 2009 to meet <mask> and ask him about Australian Army Captain Sam Templeton, who was missing in action, believed killed by the Japanese. Templeton's son Reg wanted to know what happened to his father, as there had been various conflicting stories, none confirmed. <mask> believed that he had buried Templeton. <mask> said he had not been present at Templeton's death, but that he had been captured and when interrogated before Lieutenant Colonel Hatsuo Tsukamoto, commander of the 144th regiment, lied and said "There are 80,000 Australian soldiers waiting for you in Moresby" and laughed at Tsukamoto, who became enraged and killed him with his sword. <mask> later found the body with a sword or bayonet blade protruding from its side, and buried it because of the smell. <mask> returned to PNG in 2010 at 90 years of age, and showed Wetherall the place he believed Templeton was buried, but no body was found.Last research
In July 2015 at the age of 95 he met Leon Cooper, a US veteran also aged 95 who also has an interest in recovering the war dead of his comrades who died in New Guinea. Just as <mask> was critical of the Japanese government's efforts, Cooper believed that the US government's efforts to recover remains were still ineffectual. Death
He died in 25 October 2015 at the age of 95. References

Bibliography

1919 births
2015 deaths
Imperial Japanese Army personnel of World War II
People from Kōchi Prefecture
Shipwreck survivors
Imperial Japanese Army soldiers

masks: Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura Nishimura


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<mask> (May 2, 1905, in Vulcan, Michigan – July 18, 1969, in Glendale, California) was an American author. Under the names <mask> and Jo Valentine she wrote 29 novels, as well as short stories, plays, and screenplays. She also worked for The New York Times advertising department, as a fashion reporter for Breath of the Avenue (a buyer's guide), and in an accounting firm. Additionally, she worked for the New Yorker magazine, publishing only three poems for them. Personal life
Daughter of mining engineer <mask> and <mask>, <mask> graduated from Vulcan High School in Vulcan, Michigan, in June 1921. She attended the junior college program at Ferry Hall in Lake Forest, Illinois, for one year (1921–22), during which time she served as editor of the student publication, Ferry Tales. She attended the University of Wisconsin for two years and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Barnard College in 1925.During her time at The New York Times, she met Joseph (Jack) Lewi, whom she married in 1928. She had a daughter and two sons: Jacquelin Bynagte, Peter Lewi, and Jerry Lewi. Career
<mask>'s publications generally followed one of two tracks. All of her novels were published by Coward-Mccan, even The Protege, which was published posthumously. <mask>'s short stories, however, were published in magazines. Most of these stories were published in Ellery-Queen's Mystery Magazine, but some others were published in The Saturday Evening Post and Argosy magazine. In September 1952, <mask>'s fantasy novella, Three Day Magic (1948) was published in longer form in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction.The long version was reprinted in the 1979 anthology, Mysterious Visions, by Martin H. Greenberg, Joseph Olander, and Charles G. Waugh. The editors remarked in their introduction that it was a "powerful and almost forgotten novella" that demonstrated that, although the well-known mystery writer was "most famous for suspense and style," she could have "become equally famous for humor and style." Style and themes
In 1939, while living in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, <mask> began her career as a writer with the plays The Happiest Days and Ring Around Elizabeth. Both made it to Broadway, but The Happiest Days flopped, and Ring Around Elizabeth did not perform well either. This lack of success prompted <mask> to shift to mystery fiction with The Case of the Weird Sisters (1943) and The Innocent Flower (1945). Her successful entrance into suspense with The Unsuspected was a boost to her career, and soon she was recognized as pioneer of domestic suspense. Later adapted into the film Talk About a Stranger, <mask>'s 1951 novel The Enemy is a good example of <mask> work in the genre.Many of <mask>'s novels, such as The Enemy, also include hidden political allegories. In these stories, characters group into mobs to try to solve the mysteries. Mobs tend to jump to the first proposed conclusion, and in the process ignore any contradictions. Around the same time, fear of Communist influence in American institutions and the infiltration of Soviet spies started the McCarthy era. During this time, hundreds of Americans were accused of being communist or working with communists despite questionable and usually exaggerated evidence, leading to destroyed careers and unemployment. In The Enemy, mob rule is prevalent as people ignored evidence, paralleling McCarthyism as it dominated politics at the time. These elements of McCarthyism are also present in her 1951 novel Mischief, which was adapted into the film Don't Bother to Knock, directed by Roy Baker.Legacy
In recognition of her work, the house which <mask> moved to and lived in until death in Glendale, California, became known as the "<mask> Armstrong House." In 1965, the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center reached out to <mask> and requested to be the repository of all of her works. <mask> obliged and now the Gotlieb Center serves as the best body for retrieving any of <mask>'s works. Furthermore, around 1956, <mask> and her family put together a collection of works about her and her family, titled, <mask>, A Master Storyteller Remembered. It seems <mask> was not able to finish her own autobiography due to her early passing, but in 2008, Rick Cypert authored a biography of <mask> which dictated her personal and professional life titled The Virtue of Suspense: The Life and Works of <mask>. Additionally, Mysterious Press made 13 of <mask>'s novels accessible by e-book. Awards
In 1957, <mask> received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for her novel A Dram of Poison.She wrote two other Edgar-nominated novels: The Gift Shop (1966) and Lemon in the Basket (1967). Three of her short stories, all published in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, were nominated for Edgars: "And Already Lost" (1957), "The Case for Miss Peacock" (1965), and "The Splintered Monday" (1966). Publications

The Happiest Days, 1939 (play)
Ring Around Elizabeth, 1941 (play)
Lay On, Mac Duff! 1942
The Case of the Weird Sisters, 1943
The Innocent Flower, 1945 (also known as Death Filled the Glass)
The Unsuspected, 1945/6, Coward-McCann
The Chocolate Cobweb, 1948
Fatal Lady, 1950
Mischief, 1950
The Black-Eyed Stranger, 1952
Catch-as-Catch-Can, 1953 (also known as Walk Out on Death)
The Trouble in Thor, 1953 (as Jo Valentine; also known as And Sometimes Death)
The Better to Eat You, 1954 (also known as Murder's Nest)
A Gun is a Nervous Thing, 1955
The Dream Walker, 1955 (also known as Alibi for Murder)
A Dram of Poison, 1956
And Already Lost..., 1957
The Albatross, 1957 (short story collection)
"The Albatross"
"The Enemy"
"Laugh It Off"
"What Would You Have Done?" "All the Way Home"
"The Evening Hour"
"The Hedge Between"
"Ten Points for Mr. Polkinghorn"
"Miss Murphy"
"Ride with the Executioner"
Incident at a Corner, 1957
Something Blue, 1959
The Seventeen Widows of San Souci, 1959
The Girl with a Secret, 1959
The Ring in the Fish, 1959
Then Came Two Women, 1962
The One-Faced Girl, 1963
The Mark of the Hand, 1963
The Witch's House, 1963
Who's Been Sitting in My Chair?, 1963
A Little Less Than Kind, 1964
Run--If You Can, 1964
The Turret Room, 1965
Dream of Fair Woman, 1966
I See You, 1966 (short story collection)
"At the Circus"
"The World Turned Upside Down"
"The Enemy"
"Miss Murphy"
"Motto Day"
"The Weight of the Word"
"The Conformers"
"How They Met"
"I See You"
The Gift Shop, 1966
Lemon in the Basket, 1967
The Balloon Man, 1968
Seven Seats to the Moon, 1969
The Protege, 1970
Night Call and Other Stories of Suspense, ed. Rick Cypert and Kirby McCauley, Crippen & Landru Publishers, 2014
"Mink Coat, Very Cheap"
"From Out of the Garden"
"Protector of Travelers"
"The Other Shoe"
"A Matter of Timing"
"The Splintered Monday"
"The Case for Miss Peacock"
"The Cool Ones"
"Night Call"
"More Than One Kind of Luck"
"St. Patrick's Day in the Morning"
"The Light Next Door"
"The Vise"
"The Second Commandment"
"Man in the Road"

Filmography

Screenplays
"Incident at a Corner", episode of Startime, dir. Alfred Hitchcock, 1959
"The Summer Hero," episode of The Chevy Mystery Show, 1960
 Three episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents: "Sybilla" (dir.Ida Lupino); "The Five-Forty-Eight" (adapted from the John Cheever short story); and "Across the Threshold", 1960
 The Mark of the Hand was adapted for an episode of the Thriller television series. Film adaptations of <mask>'s novels and stories
Merci pour le chocolat, 2000 (from the novel The Chocolate Cobweb) (dir. Claude Chabrol)
The Sitter, 1991 (from the novel Mischief) (dir. Rick Berger)
La Rupture, 1970 (from the novel The Balloon Man) (dir. Claude Chabrol)
Talk About a Stranger, 1952 (from the short story, "The Enemy")
Don't Bother to Knock, 1952 (from the novel Mischief) (dir. Roy Baker)
The Three Weird Sisters, 1948 (from the novel The Case of the Weird Sisters) (dir. Daniel Birt)
The Unsuspected, 1947 (dir.Michael Curtiz)

References

Footnotes

 Detective Fiction
 Guns and Roses: The Women of Noir
Mystery Writers of America Edgar Awards Database
 Fantastic Fiction
 "The Mark of the Hand" at IMDB

Further reading

External links

List of <mask> stories
 Charlotte <mask> Manuscripts at Dartmouth College Library

1905 births
1969 deaths
People from Dickinson County, Michigan
American mystery writers
American women novelists
Edgar Award winners
Novelists from Michigan
Barnard College alumni
The New York Times people
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
20th-century American novelists
Women mystery writers
20th-century American women writers
Novelists from New York (state)
20th-century pseudonymous writers
Pseudonymous women writers

masks:
Charlotte Armstrong Lewi
Charlotte Armstrong
Frank Hall Armstrong
Clara Pascoe Armstrong
Charlotte Armstrong Lewi
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Charlotte Armstrong
Armstrong
Charlotte Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Charlotte
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Charlotte Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Charlotte Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Charlotte Armstrong
Armstrong


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<mask>
<mask> had started at IBM as sales manager in the late 1940s. Late 1950s he had made Director of Product Control at the Data Processing Division., and late 1960s he was promoted to  Director of Planning Systems at IBM in New York. In this position he published several articles about the "background and philosophy of the IBM Corporate Planning System". <mask> retired from IBM in 1971/72 after a 25-year career and continued to work as independent Planning consultant. He published several books and articles in the 1970s and in the 1980s he wrote his autobiography about his years at IBM, entitled "Inside IBM: the Watson years : a personal memoir", which shares insides about the History of IBM.Early 1970s <mask> co-invented a computer system, which they named "the Consensor", an early Audience response system. It was based on the concept "to help participants at business meetings arrive at a consensus and thus save time that otherwise might be spent on unnecessary discussion... The basic components of the Consensor are an opinion-registering system, a computer and a television screen. Participants seated around a conference table are equipped with a personal terminal, about the size of a hand calculator, which can be held comfortably in the lap away from the view of others..."

Work

The Consensor
One of the industry's very earliest systems of Audience response was the Consensor, developed by <mask> in the early 1970s. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, <mask> had reflected on how unproductive most meetings were. He had become essentially a nonacademic futurist in building up IBM's long-range planning operations. He was one of the pioneers of applied futures studies in the private sector, that is, futures studies applied to corporate planning.Through this work he had met Theodore J. Gordon of The Futures Group (now part of Palladium International). Gordon had conceived and partially developed what would today be called an audience response system, and <mask> immediately saw practical applications for it in large corporate meetings, to allow people to air their true opinions in anonymous fashion, so that each individual's Likert scale answer value for a question would remain secret, but the group's average, weighted with weighting factors, would be instantly displayed. Thus (something approximating) the group's true consensus would be known, even though individual middle managers or aspiring junior executives would not have to jeopardize their conformity to effect this result. (IBM's organizational culture was famous for its valuing of conformity; and this was common at other firms, too.) Applied Futures, Inc.
<mask> retired from IBM in January 1972, and soon after he formed a startup company with Gordon, called Applied Futures, Inc., to develop and market the system, which they called the Consensor [connoting consensus + sensor]. Applied Futures was one of the first audience response companies. In 1972, while Gordon and his assistant Harold S. (Hal) Becker were still working on development, Applied Futures filed for a patent (), which was granted in 1973 with Gordon and Becker as inventors.Another patent, filed for in 1974 and granted in 1976 (), lists <mask> and James A. Marquis. Sales began in 1974. The Consensor was a system of dials, wires, and three lights; red, yellow, and green. A question was asked verbally and people would turn their dials anywhere from 0 to 10. If the majority agreed, the green lamp would light. If not, either the yellow or red lamp would light, depending on the level of disagreement. Although business was strong for this fledgling company, the command-and-control management style of the day proved a formidable opponent to this new tool, which promoted consensus building.In his memoir <mask> describes how junior-executive sales prospects tended to like the idea, imagining themselves heroically speaking truth to power (but not paying any price for being a maverick), while their senior-executive bosses tended to see the Consensor as "a blatant attempt to impose democratic procedures into a corporate hierarchy that is anything but democratic." <mask> observed that "A majority of corporations are run as fiefdoms, with the CEO playing the role of Supreme Power; he may be a benevolent dictator, but nonetheless still a dictator." He described this type of senior executives, with ironic tone, as "secure in the knowledge of their own infallibility." Nonetheless, Applied Futures sold plenty of units to business firms and government agencies. In October 1984, it became a subsidiary of Brooks International Corporation, a management consulting firm and was named Brooks Communications
Technology International. In 1986 Brooks International went through a management buyout and the former Applied Futures was spun off as Communications Technology International Incorporated (ComTec). Tom Campione joined the firm in 1992 and oversaw the transition from wired to wireless hardware and from DOS to Windows application software.In 2004 Campione left and started Audience Response Rentals, LLC a rental service provider. However, in 2006, Campione purchased ComTec the company he had left just 2 years earlier. In 2011, after devastating losses due to the US economic recession, ComTec ceased operations. Selected publications
Books, a selection:
 1975. 1974-75 Exploratory Planning Briefs: Planning for the Future by Corporations and Agencies, Domestic and International. Center for Planning & Implementation, American Management Associations, 1975
 1977. So You Want to Have a Long-range Plan.Planning Forum, 1990
 1977. Exploratory planning: briefs of practices. Planning Executives Institute
 1988. Inside IBM: the <mask> years : a personal memoir. With Richard B. Elsberry. Dorrance. Recollections of his and IBM's experience from World War II into the 1970s.Articles, a selection:
 Thoroman, D. G. "Strategic planning in IBM." Long Range Planning 4.1 (1971): 2-6. <mask>, W. W. "Practical planning." Long Range Planning 5.2 (1972): 32-39. <mask>, W. W. "Issue management-challenge and opportunity for planning executives." Strategy & Leadership 7.6 (1979): 15-18. References

External links
 A computer that inspires a meeting of minds By Martin D. Hirsch.December 6, 1981

1912 births
1997 deaths
IBM employees
20th-century American businesspeople

masks:
William Wilson Simmonsography
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Watson
Simmons
Simmons


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<mask> (born ) is an American business executive and philanthropist. <mask>r is the founder and CEO of Insurrection Media. Early life
<mask>r, the son of <mask>r and Sallie Drackett, grew up in Westport, Connecticut and is descended from the <mask>r family who helped found the Dutch West India Company. His elder brother, <mask>ucci's. He attended Fairfield Country Day School, an all boys school in Fairfield, Connecticut, followed by St. George's School, in Newport, R.I.  <mask>r was an American history major at Trinity College. <mask>r began his career holding various marketing roles including brand manager at Colgate-Palmolive and the H.J.Heinz Company, and vice president of marketing at Tickets.com, a start-up that became publicly traded B2B and B2C ticketing solutions and software provider for live events. It was under <mask> Rensselaer's leadership that Tickets.com formed a strategic alliance with Visa USA, rolling out integrated marketing programs that encouraged Visa cardholders to take advantage of the comprehensive offering of live events available through Tickets.com’s multi-channel distribution system. AT&T Mobility
<mask>r served as executive director of national marketing at AT&T Mobility (formerly known as Cingular Wireless), responsible for customer acquisition. While at  AT&T Cingular Wireless, he was the primary marketing executive on the iPhone deal team that structured the original exclusive agreement directly with Steve Jobs, and he played a key role on the task force that collaborated with Apple Inc. for the record-breaking launch phase of the product. Skiff
In 2008, <mask>r co-founded a software and services e-reading company called Skiff that was acquired by News Corp. in 2010. The Skiff e-reading platform was acquired separately to the device itself (which remained the property of Hearst), delivering enhanced content experiences to dedicated e-readers, as well as to multipurpose devices such as smartphones and netbooks. News Corporation
Van Rensselaer joined FOX from News Corporation, where he was senior vice president, marketing & partnerships for digital media.At News Corp., he helped lead strategy for digital distribution of key media properties, identified and gestated new businesses, and managed the scripted digital video entertainment venture WIGS, which launched May 2012 on YouTube that <mask>r subsequently oversaw at FOX. <mask>r also spearheaded negotiations with wireless carriers, mobile device OEMs and retailers for distribution agreements on behalf of many News Corp. properties, including The Wall Street Journal, Fox News, and IGN. FOX Broadcasting Company
<mask>r served as senior vice president, multi-platform programming at FOX Broadcasting Company, overseeing multi-platform development initiatives including multi-year deal with Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone's The Lonely Island, as well as multiyear programming, marketing and distribution partnership with digital studio WIGS (now Indigenous Media), co-founded by director/producers Jon Avnet (Black Swan, Risky Business) and Rodrigo García (Mother and Child, Nine Lives). Under <mask>r's leadership, FOX widened the WIGS digital studio's content availability from exclusively YouTube to include Hulu, beginning with WIGS' most popular, award-winning series Blue - starring Julia Stiles as the title character - offered to Hulu and Hulu Plus viewers in longer-form, TV-length. Insurrection Media, Inc.

Insurrection Media is an independent digital TV studio that develops and produces scripted content for over-the-top video platforms as well as broadcast and cable networks internationally. Founded by <mask>r in 2015, the company has a multi-year exclusive comedy pod deal in place with Jonathan Stern (Wet Hot American Summer, Childrens Hospital), founder of Abominable Pictures, and senior entertainment executive and producer Keith Quinn (Paramount Digital, LivePlanet), and a multi-year SciFi production partnership with The Walking Dead creator Robert Kirkman and David Alpert of Skybound Entertainment. The company has a strategic relationship with HarperCollins where key books in SciFi, Drama and Comedy are optioned and developed into digital video and linear television series.Insurrection is currently producing Tiny Pretty Things, Netflix’s upcoming hourlong drama series based on the book by Sona Charaipotra and Dhonielle Clayton, from writer and producer Michael MacLennan (Bomb Girls, The Bletchley Circle: San Francisco). Gestating from the strategic relationship with HarperCollins, Insurrection Media developed and produced The Dead Girls Detective Agency, a paranormal YA drama based on the novel written by Suzy Cox and adapted by Jerica Lieberman and Molly Margraf (ABC's Mistresses). The Dead Girls Detective Agency holds the record as the highest performing scripted show on Snapchat with the lowest episodic audience decay rate. The Dead Girls Detective Agency was referenced by the Snap Inc. executive leadership during the February 5th earnings call in 2019 as evidence that their original content strategy is a success. Insurrection has produced and premiered four seasons of Dead Girls Detective Agency on Snap. Insurrection produced Exeter, a scripted podcast that premiered on Sundance Now (AMC Networks’ direct-to-consumer SVOD service). Due to its success, AMC ordered a second season of Exeter that premiered in 2019.Created & directed by Ronnie Gunter (writer-director of “Lighter”, 2013) the drama-noir series features performances by Jeanne Tripplehorn (Big Love, Criminal Minds) and Oscar-winner Ray McKinnon (The Accountant, Sons of Anarchy). Both seasons of the series, consisting of 12 thirty minute long episodes, were co-written by Ronnie Gunter and George Ducker (Luna e Leo, Ex-Best) and are available on iTunes & Sundance Now. Personal life
In 2008, he was dating Monique Menniken, a former professional tennis player from Germany who was also a model. <mask>r, a resident of the exclusive River House on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, is a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, the Holland Society and the Brook Club in New York. Philanthropy
<mask> is the treasurer and a board member of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation's National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD). He also co-chairs the annual Associates Fall Fête charity fundraiser for Fountain House, a professional self-help program, which started in New York City in the 1940s, operated by men and women recovering from major mental illness in collaboration with a professional staff. The event serves to introduce a new audience of prominent young leaders to Fountain House's comprehensive mental health model and its mission to fight the stigma associated with mental illness.References

Living people
People from Westport, Connecticut
St. George's School, Newport alumni
Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
American chief executives
American people of Dutch descent
Year of birth uncertain

masks:
Kiliaen Drackett Van Rensselaer
Van Rensselae
Kiliaen Drackett Van Rensselae
Alexander Van Rensselae
Van Rensselae
Alexander Van Rensselaerld
Van Rensselae
Career Van Rensselae
Van
Van Renae
Van Rensselae
Van Rensselae
Van Rensselae
Van Rensselae
Van Rensselae
Van Rensselae
Van Rensselae
Van Rensselaer


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<mask> (Potawatomi name: Ke-waht-no-quah Wish-Ken-O) (October 14, 1888 – October 21, 1971) was a tribal chair of the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation who successfully defeated termination of her tribe and filed for reparations with the Indian Claims Commission during the Indian termination policy period from the 1940s to the 1960s. Early life
 Wish-Ken-O was born 14 October 1888 at Mayetta, Kansas to John (1859 – 1901) and Mary Ann (Mnis-no-quah) (14 October 1868 – 1927–1937) Wish-ke-no and was raised with her siblings Mabel Wishkeno Negohnsoht(aka Negonsett) (Pe-yaht-wat-moquah) (1884),  N-wah-gah-quah Wishkeno (1887 – 1892/93), female Wishkeno (January, 1890 - 1891–1892) Arthur Wishkeno (Sa-sa-wash-kuck or Kah-sah-wash-kuck) (March, 1892 – 13 May 1978), Non-ish-quah Wishkeno (born 1893 – 1895/96), Wab-sai Wishkeno (1896 – 1903) and William "Willie" Wishkeno (Chock-tuck) (May 1899 – 23 April 1988) in the Mayetta community. She attended the Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, where she learned to speak English and write. At the time period, Haskell was an industrial boarding school, where students learned domestic skills and were punished if they spoke their native tongue. The allotment of the Prairie Potawatomi began in 1887 and was not completed until around 1905 due to fierce opposition by the tribe. Minnie and her siblings were all original allottees and heirs of their father's allotment, as he died during the time period when allotments were being settled. Life on the reservation was fairly typical of a rural farming environment, as was described by John Henry Hauberg, Sr. an attorney, businessman and noted local historian from Rock Island, Illinois.Hauberg had a relationship with Jesse KaKaQue for a number of years, taking photographs and exchanging correspondence from 1914 to 1918, which is housed in the Special Collections Department at Augustana College. In 1916, he visited <mask> and Jesse at her allotment, because according to custom, men lived with the wife's family after marriage and his allotment was in Oklahoma. Hauberg described a tidy farm, with all buildings in use, a typical painted farmhouse with a sitting room, bed room, kitchen, photographs on the wall and a piano. He also noted that Minnie was raising about 200 chickens and that the farm "was exactly like any white man's farm". As the years after World War I came to a close, the seeming prosperity which had existed, evaporated in the Great Depression. A false sense of Native American prosperity based on glowing reports and images of fancily costumed Indians, caused many to reject the dire need that developed for aid. In addition to the economic issues, Kansas was in the midst of a severe drought, known as the Dust Bowl.Temperatures topped 100 °F throughout the summer months of the mid-1930s, and in 1936 Kansas experienced the second hottest year on record. The reservation wells dried up, livestock had to be sold or given away as there was no way to hydrate them, gardens, which had been the main food source, withered. Kansas officials refused to provide welfare assistance to Native people, claiming inadequate funds, and federal programs to provide assistance to Indians were consistently delayed or blocked. To survive, the Prairie Potawatomi hunted, trapped and traded goods and services with each other. The occasional surplus skins or chicks or produce might be sold in Topeka for more ammunition, but most everything that was produced was used for survival. Out of these troubled times, Minnie emerged as a leader of the conservative, traditional faction. She advocated maintaining their ancient customs, rejected Christianity and forced citizenship of tribal people.She was known for being outspoken and without fear, but had the respect of many who did not agree with her because of her earnest belief in the principals for which she fought. Tribal politics
By 1900 the Tribal Council had stopped regular meetings and the BIA disbanded the local agency in 1903, stopping tribal annuities in 1909. Tribal leadership was reduced to an advisory council for the Bureau of Indian Affairs though attempts were made to reinstate a traditional council. In 1917, Superintendent A. R. Snyder acknowledged that the Agency had reopened in a new location in 1913 and that headmen wished to reform a traditional council with their leader Mich-no, but Snyder discouraged them. It may be that Minnie's father served on an advisory council, but accounts that indicate he was the headman and she inherited the position from him are inaccurate. Census records confirm Snyder's statements that Shough-nas-see (Shough-nes-see) was followed by Mich-no (Mish-no). Further, Minnie was not the oldest child and Minnie' father died nearly 35 years before she came to prominence in tribal politics.Throughout the early decades of the 20th century, the Tribal Advisory Board was dominated by progressive, Christianized farmers, who validated agency decisions and were often not representative of the much larger conservative elements on the reservation. In the early part of the 1930s the conservative faction organized as a reform movement, adopted a constitution, and reorganized the Tribal Advisory Council to an elected Business Committee. Minnie first served as an appointed adviser beginning in 1933 but was elected to a lifetime position on the board of conciliators, a group composed of elder statesmen who had earned tribal respect. When the Indian Reorganization Act was introduced in 1934, the Prairie Potawatomi rejected it. Though they desired an end of allotment and a return of some 50,000 acres of their land, they did not want an imposed self-government styled on the model of the US constitution to be forced upon them. One of the issues objected to by the Potawatomi was the rigidity of written law. Once something was written down, with a specific violation and penalty defined, it eliminated the ability for flexibility and consensus.The Potawatomi had never had a ruling body and creation of one was strongly objected to. Even worse, from the native perspective, was the oversight granted to the Secretary of the Interior or Commissioner of Indian Affairs regarding tribal governance. Bureau approval had to be obtained for all decisions regarding the tribe. Their experience with their local superintendent, who had called off-reservation meetings with progressive factions on two occasions to oust the elected conservative Business Committee, did little to inspire confidence in the New Deal Program. During the period from the 1940s to the 1960s, in which the Indian termination policy was enforced the Potawatomi continued to struggle for their own autonomy, and their own ability to deal with their affairs. One of the first pieces of legislation enacted during this period was the Kansas Act of 1940 which transferred all jurisdiction for crimes committed on or against Indians from federal jurisdiction to the State of Kansas. It did not preclude the federal government from trying native people, but it allowed the state into an area of law in which had historically belonged only to the federal government.On January 5, 1939, when House Resolution 3048 and Senate Bill 372 were introduced, lawmakers were advised that the proposal was supported by the Indian tribes. This may not have been the case with all of the tribes as both telegrams and letters indicate that correspondence between Potawatomi Business Council Chairman Wahbnosah and Representative W. Rogers shows the Potawatomi were objecting. The correspondence is not part of the legislative record, but instead housed in the National Archives and may or may not have been brought to the attention of the rest of the Congress. However, it is significant, as one of the letters points out,  that "The Business Committee of the Prairie Band Potawatomi tribe of Indians represents eleven-hundred of the sixteen-hundred Indians of Kansas," which means that the majority of native people were not in favor of passage. Termination attempts
On 1 August 1953, the US Congress passed House Concurrent Resolution 108 which called for the immediate termination of the Flathead, Klamath, Menominee, Potawatomi, and Turtle Mountain Chippewa, as well as all tribes in the states of California, New York, Florida, and Texas. Termination of a tribe meant the immediate withdrawal of all federal aid, services, and protection, as well as the end of reservations. A memo issued by the Department of the Interior on 21 January 1954 clarified that the reference to "Potawatomi" in the Resolution meant the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, the Kickapoo, the Sac and Fox and the Iowa tribes in Kansas.Because jurisdiction over criminal matters had already been transferred to the State of Kansas by the passage of the Kansas Act of 1940 the government targeted the four tribes in Kansas for immediate termination. <mask> spearheaded the battle against termination, calling meetings at her home and building strategies for consensus. They planned ways to raise funds taking up donations, selling livestock and other goods to get their leadership to Congressional hearings. Tribal members sent petitions of protest to the government and multiple delegations went to testify at congressional meetings in Washington, DC. In February 1954, tribal chair <mask> <mask>, along with James Wahbnosah and John Wahwassuck, testified before a joint hearing of the house and Senate Subcommittees on Indian Affairs in Washington, DC in conjunction with the neighboring Kansas Kickapoo, enabling the Kansas tribes to escape termination. Claims Commission
On 13 August 1946 the Indian Claims Commission Act of 1946, Pub. L. No.79-726, ch. 959, passed. Its purpose was to settle for all time any outstanding grievances or claims the tribes might have against the U.S. for treaty breaches, unauthorized taking of land, dishonorable or unfair dealings, or inadequate compensation. Claims had to be filed within a five-year period, and most of the 370 complaints that were submitted were filed at the approach of the 5-year deadline in August, 1951. In  1946, the Potawatomi established a Tribal Council Claims Committee and <mask> served as tribal chair of that committee. Ironically, the claims commission created a resurgence of "Indian identity." Up until that time, many more progressive tribal members had moved off the reservation and increasingly worked to assimilate into the larger society, but with the potential for sharing in damages, those elements began reclaiming their Potawatomi roots.On 16 September 1947, <mask> was elected by a general council of the tribe as the tribal chairwoman. <mask> recommended that the Potawatomi hire Stone McClure Webb Johnson Oman firm from Topeka, Kansas to assist in preparing their claim. There were ten treaties in which the tribe felt terms had not been met, which required meticulous review of both title and evaluation of damages. Ultimately, there were 19 cases filed for treaty breaches and under/improper-valuations, and 2 cases filed for reclaiming attorney fees. Some of the claims involved only the Prairie Band and others involved multiple bands of Potawatomi people. For example, in one case, at issue was the amount paid to the Potawatomi for lands ceded west of the Mississippi in the removal first to Iowa and later to Kansas. In 1956, the Prairie Band of Potawatomi and its co-claimant the Citizen Band of Potawatomi Indians were awarded $3.2 million by the claims commission.An appeal was launched by a group of Potawatomi who had not relocated west claiming that they deserved part of the settlement. 16 July 1958 the appellate court ruled that the eastern group could not intervene, as the treaty for which damages were sought required the tribe to move west. A second case was heard in 1962 and an award entered for land ceded in northern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin. It was appealed in 1965, and again in 1967, as the tribes felt that the government had not only unfairly valued the property at the time of the initial settlement, but in assessing the damages, for the undervaluation, the government had failed to take into consideration lead mines located on the tract. The appellate court agreed in 1968 and required the claims commission to revalue the award. In 1972, a review of standing for the land claims in northern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin was held and the claims court ruled that the Potawatomi tribes did have standing to make the claim and referred it to the valuation phase. In 1978 5 remaining claim cases and both attorney fee cases were finally settled, but at least one case, and any appeals on those cases, were transferred to the US Court of Claims on 29 September 1978.All in all, the claims fight took nearly 32 years and was only the beginning of the turmoil that followed. Once the awards had begun to be determined, the factionalism escalated with the progressives pushing for inclusion in tribal government. The claims committee had primarily traditionalist membership with life tenure. Because of the significance of the claims proceeding, the appointed claims committee at times took on an importance that superseded the elected council. But Minnie was tenacious. She believed that tribal unity was important and she worked hard to understand the complexities of the situation. She attended committee hearings, court sessions, and council meetings, called unofficial meetings in her home, and refused to give in on negotiations if she felt that it would jeopardize the potential benefit to the tribe.In 1961, with much support from the area BIA office, the progressives drafted a new constitution. For a brief while in the early 1960s there were two tribal business committees and two tribal rolls. Remembering the allotment period, when individuals with dubious claims were awarded land and tribal status, the conservatives believed that only members with at least 1/4 or more Prairie Band descent could be tribal members and were in favor of restricting voting rights and office holding to only those who lived on the reservation. The progressives, on the other hand, wanted all members who had received an allotment under the Dawes Act regardless of their degree of descent to be granted membership, voting rights and the right to hold office, regardless of whether they lived on the reservation. In part, Minnie's group was spurred by the award on the first Indian Claims case, which stated that the fund was to make reparations for "descendants of the Nation as it existed in the Treaty of 1846." Congress stipulated that the appropriation could be used as authorized by the tribal governing body with the approval of the Interior Secretary. The tribal council, elected under the rules of the 1961 constitution, declared that those who should share in the judgment were those who were listed as members of the Prairie Band as of midnight 1 December 1960.The traditionalists strongly opposed this interpretation, believing instead that the only members entitled to share in the judgement were those who were identifiable as descendants of those Potawatomi who constituted the Nation in 1846. <mask> and other traditionalists filed suit in 1963 against the tribal council but the case, which went all the way to the 10th Circuit Court determined that the tribal council had the authority to specify who was to participate in the settlement. A second action filed in 1964 against the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs was also unsuccessful in limiting those who participated in the settlement to descendants of tribal members in 1846. With the loss of the second suit, and the US government backing the legitimacy of the new tribal business council, Minnie was nudged out of tribal politics. When the claims that she had fought so hard to win were finally distributed, she was no longer a part of tribal affairs. Personal life
Minnie's first husband was a great-grandson of Black Hawk, a Sauk native, named Jesse S. Kakaque (Sac name: Shah-ke-toe) (1877–1929) whom she married around 1909. Jesse had previously been married to Katie Ken-ne-que (1880 – before 1903) with whom he had one daughter, Mary Maud Kakaque (March 1898 – ?)on the Sac and Fox Reservation in Oklahoma. In 1916, he was interviewed by John Henry Hauberg, Sr. at his home on the Potawatomie reservation and married to <mask>. Jesse and <mask> had divorced by 1918. On 17 January 1919, <mask> married William F<mask> (4 March 1884 – 16 May 1971), who was a member of the Citizens Band of Potawatomi from Oklahoma. She had three children: Emory Roy Kakaque (June, 1910 - 1910–1911), Lyman <mask> (28 June 1920 - 1980) and Bernice Ann Laferniar Cartwright (13 November 1922 – 31 March 2007). <mask> died 21 October 1971 near Mayetta, Kansas and was buried in the Wishkeno Cemetery. References

1888 births
1971 deaths
People from Jackson County, Kansas
Potawatomi people
United States federal Indian policy
Assimilation of indigenous peoples of North America
Aboriginal title in the United States
History of Kansas
Native American history of Kansas
Native American politicians
Native American women in politics
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century American politicians

masks:
Minnie Evans
Minnie
Evans
Minnie
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Minnie
Minnie
Minnie
Minnie
. Evans
Francis Evans
Minnie


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<mask> (born 22 February 1954), also known as <mask>, is a Brazilian-Mexican professional football manager and former player currently in charge of Liga MX club Juárez. As a player, <mask> was an attacking midfielder known for his mobility, powerful right shot and leadership. He was a free kick specialist and spent most of his playing career with Pumas UNAM. He also played for Botafogo, Vasco da Gama and Bonsucesso in his native Brazil, and Atlas, Neza, Monterrey and Toluca in Mexico. As a manager, he has had three stints with Tigres UANL, two with Pumas UNAM, and has also managed Toluca, Guadalajara and Monarcas Morelia. He is one of two managers in Mexican football history to manage 1,000 league matches, the other being Ignacio Trelles. He has also served as interim coach of the Mexico national team twice, winning the CONCACAF Cup in 2015.Career

Early career
After retiring as a player, <mask> started to work as a football coach in 1991 with Pumas UNAM. In 1996, he moved to Guadalajara where he won the league championship in 1997, and a runner-up position in 1998. With Chivas he failed to qualify for the play-offs only once in eight seasons. In 2000, he moved to Tigres UANL, a team that constantly failed to qualify for the play-offs, despite having a squad with many star players, including many from the Mexico national team, such as Jorge Campos and Luis Hernández, and from other national teams as well. In his first year, Ferretti qualified the team for the play-offs, and a season later he made them runners-up. He stayed with Tigres until 2003, where his constant success and the good economic standing of the team combined to make <mask> one of the best paid coaches of the time. However, that year's Clausura saw the first ever semi-final Clásico Regiomontano, in which Tigres played their arch-rival Rayados.Both teams were favorites for the championship, and the first game started well for Tigres, but the players' mistakes combined to give Rayados a 4–1 victory on the first leg, and the second leg was made insignificant. Because of the team's failure to defeat their arch-rival in the semi-finals, the team decided not to renew the coach's contract. <mask> then moved on to coach Toluca for the Apertura 2003. However, in that season, Tigres signed Nery Pumpido as coach, but because of the similarity in the style of play and the almost insignificant change to the squad's roster, local media in Monterrey always rumored that <mask> coached Tigres behind Pumpido. Tigres became runner-up again that season, and won a semi-final against <mask>'s Toluca. In 2004, due to personal differences with José Cardozo, and despite qualifying for the play-offs in all his seasons in Toluca, <mask> was separated from the team. He then moved on to coach Morelia, with mixed success but did help save the team from relegation.Tigres UANL
On January 1, 2006, <mask> was appointed as coach for the a second time. Under his guidance, Tigres won the InterLiga, qualifying the team to the Copa Libertadores de América, and then to the play-offs of that tournament. However, Tigres failed to qualify for the Clausura 2006 playoffs, and to advance in the Libertadores. On June 30, 2006, because of this failure, Tigres decided to cease the relationship. Pumas UNAM
On May 23, 2006, he signed again with Pumas and led them to yet another final. This time against Atlante, a team which had endured a difficult yet brilliant season. Pumas came in as underdogs due to the fact they didn't have a great season but they shined in the playoffs using home-field advantage to the full extent.They became a nightmare for other teams inside Ciudad Universitaria. So much that on the first leg of the semi-finals against No.1 seed Santos, they beat them to the rhythm of 3–0. No team during the season had scored so much on Santos. But in the first leg of the final, Pumas couldn't deliver on Atlante. On the final's second leg, Pumas fell to them with a score of 2–1. The game ended with the game winner shot from
outside the box. In the 2009 season, <mask> took Pumas back to the finals after a lot of comebacks in the playoffs.They were the underdogs yet again but beat Pachuca (who had beaten them in the regular season 2–1) in extra time 3–2, giving them their 6th title in its team's history. Tigres UANL
After Pumas was eliminated in the 2010 playoffs, <mask> quit as manager due to a huge disappointment. He was quickly signed as coach to Tigres. <mask> led Tigres to win Apertura 2011 league title after defeating Santos Laguna, the first title for Tigres in 29 years. He was awarded best manager of the tournament for the first time in his career. On April 9, 2014, Tigres won the Clausura 2014 Copa MX after defeating Alebrijes de Oaxaca 3-0 in the final. Tigres lost Morelia in the inaugural Supercopa MX after losing 5–4 on aggregate.Tigres made it to the final of the Apertura 2014 but lost to América 3-1 on aggregate . In July 2015, <mask> guided Tigres to the 2015 Copa Libertadores final, becoming the third Mexican team to do so. Tigres lost to River Plate 3–0 on aggregate. <mask> later led Tigres to their fourth league title, his second with the team, after defeating his former club UNAM on penalty kicks. Later he led Tigres to the 2015–16 CONCACAF Champions League final after defeating Querétaro but lost to América. Tigres later qualified to the playoffs in eight place. They ended up losing to their city rival Monterrey in the quarterfinals.During the preseason, Tigres won the Campeón de Campeones after defeating Pachuca 1–0. Tigres qualified to the play-offs for the fifth straight season after beating Tijuana in an away game 1–0. Tigres ended up winning their fifth league title after defeating América on penalty kicks, the match was also <mask>'s 1,000th league match as a manager in Mexico. <mask> became the first manager to win five league titles in the short tournament era. Ferrett's final match as manager of Tigres ended in a 1-0 loss to Atlas on May 8, 2021, ending his 11-year run at the helm. FC Juárez

On 3 June 2021, <mask> was appointed manager of Juárez. Mexico
After Miguel Herrera was fired for an incident off the field, <mask> was named the interim manager for Mexico.<mask> previously stated various times he did not want to manage the Mexico national team but agreed to manage the team until the Mexican Football Federation hired a new manager. In his interim process, Mexico drew against Trinidad & Tobago and Argentina in friendlies, won the 2015 CONCACAF Cup against the United States to qualify for the 2017 Confederations Cup, and won his farewell match, a friendly against Panama. Following Juan Carlos Osorio's departure from the Mexico national team following the 2018 FIFA World Cup, <mask> was once again called up to be the interim manager for friendly matches against Uruguay, the United States, Costa Rica, and Chile. managers
C.D. Guadalajara managers
Atlético Morelia managers
Club Universidad Nacional footballers
Deportivo Toluca F.C. players
C.F. Monterrey players
Atlas F.C.footballers
Coyotes Neza footballers
Bonsucesso Futebol Clube players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
CR Vasco da Gama players
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas players
Liga MX players
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Mexico national football team managers
Liga MX managers
Association football midfielders

masks:
Ricardo Ferretti de Oliveira
Tuca Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
Ferretti
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<mask> (嚴續) (910–967), courtesy name Xingzong (興宗), was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period states Wu and Southern Tang, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Southern Tang's last two emperors, Li Jing and Li Yu. Background
<mask> was born in 910, during the reign of <mask> the Prince of Wu. His father <mask>u was a prominent politician serving under Wu's regent <mask>. In or around 918, when <mask> was faced with the issue of whether to have his older, but adoptive, son <mask> continue to serve as the junior regent under him, or displace <mask> with a younger biological son, <mask>, <mask>u was advocating for <mask>. <mask>o tried to expel <mask> out of the Wu central government to serve as the prefect of Chu Prefecture (楚州, in modern Huai'an, Jiangsu), but <mask> was able to persuade <mask> to let him remain. <mask>o thereafter tried to make peace between himself and <mask>u by agreeing to give a daughter in marriage to <mask>, although it was unclear whether the marriage occurred that year or not. When <mask> was in his teenage years, <mask>u was serving as a chancellor.As the chancellor's son, <mask> was made a guard officer for then-Wu emperor <mask> (<mask>'s brother and successor), and then later Mishu Lang (秘書郎, an assistant at the Palace Library). While <mask>'s household was rich and honored in his youth, he was nevertheless humble and diligent. After <mask>o seized the throne in 937, ending Wu and starting Southern Tang (and subsequently changing his name to Li Bian), <mask> was made the deputy minister of defense (兵部侍郎, Bingbu Shilang) and Shangshu Zuo Cheng (), one of the secretaries general at the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng). During Li Jing's reign
Li Bian died in 943 and was succeeded by his oldest son Li Jing. Subsequently, <mask> was made minister of rites (禮部尚書, Libu Shangshu), and then Zhongshu Shilang (中書侍郎, deputy head of the legislative bureau of government (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng). At that time, many of the politicians at the Southern Tang court were allies of the senior chancellor Song Qiqiu. Both <mask> and the imperial scholar Chang Mengxi () were known for their independence and faithfulness.Li Jing once spoke to Chang, stating, "Among the key officials, only <mask> is fair and independent, but he lacks abilities. I am afraid he cannot overcome the partisans. You, sir, should help him." However, not long after, Chang was relieved of his duties of being in charge of the Xuanzheng Hall (), where he drafted edicts for Li Jing (albeit remaining as imperial scholar), and <mask> was sent out of the imperial government to serve as the governor (觀察使, Guanchashi) of Chi Prefecture (池州, in modern Chizhou, Anhui), such that Chang became distressed and no longer involved himself in affairs of state. Subsequently, the official Jiang Wenwei () publicly stated at an imperial gathering, "<mask> is a highly decorated relative of the emperor and is an important official. Now, because he does not join the party of the wicked, he gets expelled. Of course, we will know what will happen to the rest of us."As a result of this public declaration, Song's partisans felt compelled to have <mask> recalled back to the imperial government to again serve as Zhongshu Shilang and the director of the three financial agencies (taxation, treasury, and salt and iron monopolies). However, he was later again sent out of the imperial government to serve as the military governor of Fenghua Circuit (奉化, headquartered in Jiujiang, Jiangxi). After <mask> served for several years at Fenghua, he was again recalled to the imperial government to be Zhongshu Shilang and acting head of the executive bureau (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng). In 955, Li Jing made him chancellor and Menxia Shilang (門下侍郎, deputy head of the examination bureau (門下省, Menxia Sheng)). In 958, after Southern Tang was forced to cede territories north of the Yangtze River to its northern rival Later Zhou and submit as a vassal state to Later Zhou, Li Jing demoted the titles of most of his high-level officials to show humility to Later Zhou, and <mask> was made Taizi Shaofu (), an advisor to Li Jing's son, Li Hongji the Crown Prince. Shortly after this, <mask>'s political rival Chen Jue, after returning from a diplomatic mission to Later Zhou, falsely claimed that Later Zhou's emperor Guo Rong blamed <mask> for resisting Later Zhou and ordered Li Jing to put him to death. Li Jing knew of the enmity between Chen and <mask> and therefore did not believe the order.He had another official, Zhong Mo (), go to the Later Zhou court to verify with Guo; Guo replied that, based on what Li Jing had informed him, <mask> was a faithful Southern Tang subject, and he would surely not want <mask> put to death. After Zhong reported back to Li Jing, Li Jing realized of the Song party's treachery. He thus had Chen put to death, and forced Song and another Song partisan, Li Zhenggu (), put to death. In 960, the Later Zhou general Zhao Kuangyin overthrew Guo Rong's son and successor Guo Zongxun, establishing Song dynasty (as its Emperor Taizu), to which Southern Tang continued to be a vassal state. When Guo Rong's cousin Li Chongjin rose against the Song emperor at Yang Prefecture (揚州, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), the Song emperor defeated him quickly, and he committed suicide. With the Song emperor just north of the Yangtze from the Southern Tang capital Jinling, Li Jing, in fear that the Song emperor had more designs than just to destroy Li Chongjin, sent <mask> (and later his son Li Congyi () and the official <mask>lu) to pay tribute to the Song emperor, who subsequently, after demonstrating his troop strength, withdrew. Still, Li Jing decided to move the capital from Jinling to Nanchang, which he did in 961, leaving then-crown prince Li Congjia (as Li Hongji had died by that point) in charge at Jinling as regent, with <mask>, then carrying the title of You Pushe (), serving as the acting chief of staff, assisted by Tang Yue ().During Li Yu's reign
Li Jing died later in 961, and after his casket was returned to Jinling for burial, Li Congjia took the throne, changed his name to Li Yu, and decided to keep the capital at Jinling rather than Nanchang. Li Yu gave <mask> the title of Sikong (司空, one of the Three Excellencies) and again made him chancellor. Not long after, there was a controversial proposal by the official Han Xizai, who advocated that iron be used for coins, as the supply of old Tang coins, made of copper, was being depleted, and Southern Tang's then territory lacked copper for new coins. <mask> vehemently opposed Han's proposal, but Li Yu approved of Han's proposal — which led to high inflation, as the people, lacking trust in the new iron coins, continued to use copper coins and trading them at over 10 times the value of iron coins, much to Han's regret. It was said that as chancellor to Li Yu, <mask> was honest and loyal, but lacked knowledge, such that the people he entrusted with responsibilities lacked the proper abilities. Someone — possibly Jiang Wenwei — wrote a poem entitled Ode to a Crab to satirize <mask>. Further, at that time, because there were many military matters, it ended up that main decisions were made at the office of the chief of staff (in charge of military matters), and <mask>'s words were not often listened to.Sometime in or prior to 965, at <mask>'s request, he was made the military governor of Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). He was at Zhenhai for more than a year, when he, due to illness, requested to return to his mansion (probably at Jinling), and he died there, shortly after new year 967. He was given posthumous honors. Notes and references

 Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 23. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 270, 285, 292, 294.<mask> Tongjian, vols. 1, 2, 3. 910 births
967 deaths
Politicians from Yangzhou
Generals from Jiangsu
Yang Wu politicians
Southern Tang chancellors
Southern Tang jiedushi of Fenghua Circuit
Southern Tang jiedushi of Zhenhai Circuit

masks:
Yan Xu
Yan Xu
Yang Longyan
Yan Keqi
Xu Wen
Xu Wen
Xu Zhigao
Xu Zhigao
Xu Zhixún
Yan Keqi
Xu Zhixún
Xu Zhiga
Yan
Yan
Xu Wen
Xu Zhiga
Yan Keqi
Yan Xu
Yan Xu
Yan Keqi
Yan Xu
Yang Pu
Yang Longyan
Yan Xu
Xu Zhiga
Yan Xu
Yan Xu
Yan
Yan Xu
Yan
Yan Xu
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Feng Yan
Yan
Yan Xu
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Xu Zizhi


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<mask> (June 17, 1849 – April 8, 1938) was an American educator, lawyer and politician. After being elected as a state legislator in South Carolina, he was one of only five African Americans elected to Congress from the South in the Jim Crow era of the last decade of the nineteenth century, as disfranchisement reduced black voting. After that, no African Americans were elected from the South until 1972. <mask> was a prominent leader in the struggle for civil rights in the American South during and after Reconstruction. He was a school commissioner, state legislator, U.S. Representative, and first president of South Carolina State University, a historically black college established as a land-grant school. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Ferrebeeville, South Carolina, named after his adoptive mother's likely slaver. His origins were unclear although he apparently had majority European heritage.The historians <mask> and Stephen Middleton found that his mother was a fair-skinned mulatto daughter of <mask> Heyward, Jr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and his father a wealthy young white man, whose family rejected their relationship. They forced him to give up his son for adoption. He was adopted by former slaves Richard and Mary Ferrebee <mask>, who were freed by 1850. The boy's European appearance long prompted speculation about his paternity. In 1851, his family moved to Charleston, where <mask> attended a school for free colored children. When the Civil War ended, he moved to Hudson, New York. Because of his appearance and high proportion of European ancestry, <mask> could have passed for white in the North, but chose to identify as black and return to the South to help the freedmen.Receiving a scholarship, <mask> attended Lincoln University, a historically black college in Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1872. <mask> returned to South Carolina, where he was appointed as a school commissioner of Beaufort County that same year. He studied law at the South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina), where black students were admitted for the first time under the Republican state legislature, and graduated in 1875. He was admitted to the bar that year. (After Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1876-1877, they forced black students out of the flagship college.) Marriage and family
He married Anna Hume, and they had nine children together. Political career
<mask> was elected as a Republican to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1874, serving three terms until 1880.He was elected to the South Carolina Senate in 1880, serving one term until 1882. He was nominated for lieutenant governor but did not enter the race. He struggled his entire life to find acceptance in the black and white communities. African-American political rivals dismissed him as a white imposter attempting to take advantage of the post–Civil War black electorate. Yet <mask>, who embraced the black heritage nurtured by his adoptive parents, was also ostracized by white colleagues. Despite the issues, he was elected chairman of the state Republican Party in 1884. In 1888, <mask> ran for U.S. Representative from the 7th Congressional District, which had been gerrymandered by the state legislature to include many blacks.They defined other districts to have overwhelmingly white populations. The Democratic candidate <mask> challenged him and won the official vote count, 8,358 to 7,003 for <mask>. <mask> contested the election result, and pressed allegations that many properly registered black voters had not been able to cast their ballots, due to the confusion of the "eight-box ballot" system established in 1882. Whites received instruction but blacks did not and suffered votes being disqualified as a result. Over the years, the discouragement of the system had caused a severe drop in voting turnout by blacks. The House Committee of Elections ruled in <mask>'s favor, and he was finally seated in the Fifty-First Congress in 1890. He was defeated for his seat in the election by <mask> in the fall election for the Congress starting in 1891.As African-American candidates competed in "black" districts, men's ancestry became part of the political fodder; tensions became heightened between mulattoes like <mask> and darker-skinned politicians such as George W. Murray. <mask>, Robert Smalls (also a mulatto) and Murray competed for the Republican nomination in the 7th "shoestring district" during the 1890s. Murray took it in 1892. <mask> was re-elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1894. He was also a delegate to the 1895 South Carolina constitutional convention called by the white supremacist governor, Benjamin Tillman. Historian Michael Perman wrote that "in no other state was a single public figure identified so vividly and indisputably with disfranchisement." Tillman and other Democratic leaders intended to go beyond the statutes to eliminate black voting.The new constitution was one of a number passed in southern states at the turn of the century that were designed to effectively disfranchise African-American citizens by changes to voter registration rules. South Carolina's version required longer residency, literacy tests administered by white supervisors, poll taxes, and $300 worth of property. <mask>, Murray and four other black delegates to the convention opposed the document and refused to ratify it. They drew national attention to the issues by publishing accounts in the New York World newspaper. The Democrats passed the constitution and effectively disfranchised most black voters for more than half a century, which also disqualified them from serving on juries or holding local office. <mask> did gain the support of Tillman to establish a land-grant college for African Americans in the segregated state school system. In 1896, the Colored Normal, Industrial, Agricultural, and Mechanical College of South Carolina was created in Orangeburg.The historically black college developed into South Carolina State University. Appointed by the governor as the College's first president, <mask> resigned as state representative. He continued to be politically active and, in 1910, opposed the election of Coleman Blease as governor. After his victory, Blease forced <mask>'s resignation because of his opposition. <mask> moved from Orangeburg back to Charleston, where he worked on various community causes. Supporting United States participation in World War I, he helped recruit 30,000 black men to the Armed Services. From 1923 to 1934, <mask> lived in Philadelphia, but he returned to Charleston.He died on April 8, 1938. He asked for the following to be inscribed on his gravestone: "Not having loved the white less, but having felt the Negro needed me more", related to his work for civil rights and his decision to identify as African American rather than white. See also
List of African-American United States representatives

References

Further reading

Tindall, George Brown. South Carolina Negroes, 1877–1900, 2nd ed. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2003; reprint of the 1952 edition). 1849 births
1938 deaths
African-American members of the United States House of Representatives
African-American politicians during the Reconstruction Era
African-American state legislators in South Carolina
University of South Carolina alumni
Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni
Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
South Carolina Republicans
South Carolina state senators
Pennsylvania Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Activists for African-American civil rights
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Thomas Ezekiel Miller
Miller
Miller
Eric Foner
Judge Thomas
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
William Elliot
Miller
Miller
Miller
William Elliot
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller


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<mask> (9 January 1857 - 29 July 1936) was a Canadian pioneer and politician who served as an MLA in the Northwest Territories. Early life
<mask> came to Canada from England in 1880 to work on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Next, he constructed narrow gauge track to Lethbridge. He married Marian Shaw in 1885. The couple homesteaded near Balgonie and also ran the community's general store. He was said to reign over Balgonie "as a sort of rural king." Hawkes soon owned one of the largest wheat farms on the Prairies, and during the hard times following the crop failures of 1893 and 1894 rendered great assistance to his suffering subjects.He served as Justice of the Peace for Balgonie and from 1891-1897 he served as the postmaster as well. It was subsequently alleged in the House of Commons of Canada that he had been terminated as postmaster by the newly elected Liberal government for partisan reasons. His removal was particularly unpopular with the Roman Catholic German settlers in the area, with whom he had a close relationship. Political career
He was active in organizing for the Conservative party in the Balgonie area from at least as early as 1887. In 1893 Nicholas Flood Davin presented a petition on behalf of Hawkes to the House of Commons requesting repeal of the clauses of the Northwest Territories Act mandating bilingualism in the courts and legislation of the territories and in 1894 the petition was again presented on behalf of Hawkes by the then independent MP Dalton McCarthy. He contested the seat of South Regina in the Legislature in the 1898 Northwest Territories General Election. The incumbent, Daniel Mowat, had decamped to British Columbia, and in the months leading up to the election the newspaperman William Trant was perceived to be the front-runner, and although many other men were discussed as potential candidates, by June "the only one who is admittedly an opponent is Mr. J.B. <mask> of Balgonie."Ultimately Trant withdrew from the race and <mask> ran as an independent against J.W. Smith (Government) and the former mayor of Regina William F. Eddy (Independent). An attempt was made during the campaign to use his pronounced Conservative loyalties against him, he responded by declaring that although he was opposed at present to the introduction of partisan politics in the Territorial Legislature, when they came everyone knew full well on which side he would be found. When it became known that he had won the election "a tremendous demonstration took place in Regina.... a procession was formed, bonfires lighted and the successful candidate was carried around the town shoulder high. Beer flowed like water and everything went to show the great popularity of the "People's Jim."" It was widely speculated that he would be the Conservative candidate for the Dominion House of Commons to replace his friend and sometime business partner Nicholas Flood Davin but in the event he chose not to run. He was comfortably retained in his seat in the 1902 Northwest Territories general election with a substantially increased majority.<mask> ran as an "independent government" candidate, whereas his opponent, Smith, gave himself the label of "straight government." In 1903 <mask> introduced the charter bill requesting Regina's incorporation as a city. He stated that, "Regina has the brightest future before it of any place in the North West Territories." The bill passed with no opposition and Regina became a City 19 June 1903. In 1904 he was on the committee founding St. Philip's Anglican Church in Balgonie. Following the creation of the province of Saskatchewan, <mask> stood as the Provincial Rights candidate for South Regina in the 1905 general election. Provincial Rights was the moniker adopted by Saskatchewan's Conservative Party from 1905-1912.Following his narrow defeat in 1905 against the Minister of Education, J.A. Calder, <mask> ran in 1908 for the Provincial Rights nomination in Regina County, the area that Premier Thomas Walter Scott represented. The nomination campaign against Frederick Clarke Tate proved particularly acrimonious, and after Hawkes suffered a close defeat  many of his supporters said that it was unacceptable that a man who had given so much for the Tory cause should be deprived of the candidacy. Although Hawkes moved to make Tate's nomination unanimous it was only under pressure and he declared that he did not believe in "that kind of business." He further stated that he had no intention of supporting Tate in the forthcoming election. The Liberals, sought to take advantage of this division by asking Hawkes to defect, and it was reported that should he run as a Liberal or even as an independent in that riding he would receive "a good thing" from the government. Hawkes rejected the Liberal offers and subsequently announced that he would support Tate, and it was believed that his large following within the German community would be decisive in the election.Recognizing that Hawkes could not be bought, members of the local Liberal association then offered the nomination to R.A. Carman, solely because he was known to be a friend of <mask>, but ultimately Carman did not run either. With the support of Hawkes the Provincial Rights candidate took the seat. Hawkes would ultimately withdraw from public life due to a hearing problem but he remained an active supporter of the Conservative party to the end of his life. Later life and legacy

In 1911 <mask> sold most of his farmland and moved to Regina, serving as President and Manager of Regent Financial Corporation Ltd. a real estate company with a portfolio including C.P.R. Farm Lands. During the First World War all three of his sons signed up with The 79th Cameron Highlanders of Canada serving in battles such as Vimy Ridge and Cambrai. All three were wounded, and one, Lieutenant <mask> <mask> MM MC lost his life.In 1917 <mask> was serving as a Homestead Inspector engaging in seed grain and relief collections for the Dominion government. Later he worked for the Soldier Settlement Board. In 1922 he sold the Regina home that was adjacent to that of Sir Frederick Haultain, then Chief Justice of Saskatchewan, but formerly the Premier of the Northwest Territories when <mask> had served in the Legislature, in order to move to Peachland, British Columbia. Mr. and Mrs. <mask> brought with them their youngest daughter as well as <mask>' mother in law, Ann Pilkington Shaw, who had already been residing with the family in Regina for a number of years. They bought a fruit farm and he also worked as road foreman for the provincial government for several years. They were very active in the community, particularly in the Anglican Church, with Marian and her daughter playing a leading role in the Anglican Women's Auxiliary. <mask> <mask> passed away on 29 July 1936, and his wife Marian followed him within the year.Hawkes Avenue and Bay in Regina, as well as Hawkes Avenue in Balgonie were named in honour of <mask>. Additionally, Hawkes Street in Peachland was named after <mask> and his wife. Electoral record

1898 election

1902 election

1905 Election

|-|

|Provincial Rights
|<mask> <mask>
|align="right"|800
|align="right"|47.85%
|align="right"|–
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|1,672
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|

References

1857 births
1936 deaths
Canadian Anglicans
Canadian Protestants
Pre-Confederation Saskatchewan people
Canadian farmers
English emigrants to Canada
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
People from Birmingham, West Midlands

masks:
James Benjamin Hawkes
James Hawkes
Hawkes
Hawkes
Hawkes
Hawkes
Hawkes
Hawkes
James Hawkes
Hawkes
Walter James
Hawkes
James Hawkes
James Hawkes
Hawkes
James
James Benjamin
Hawkes
James
James
James Benjamin
Hawkes


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<mask> (born June 3, 1975) is a Canadian former mixed martial artist. A professional from 1999 until 2013, he is perhaps best remembered for his two stints in the UFC, but also fought for King of the Cage, and the Maximum Fighting Championship. Known for his grappling skills, 19 of his 25 career wins came by way of submission. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> began his career in local Canadian promotions, including the MFC, racking up a 16-7 professional record which included wins over UFC veterans Joe Doerksen, Gideon Ray, and Bill Mahood. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his UFC debut on October 10, 2006, at Ortiz vs. Shamrock 3: The Final Chapter against the favored The Ultimate Fighter 3 finalist Ed Herman. In an upset, <mask> won the bout via triangle choke in the first round. <mask> followed up the performance with a win over The Ultimate Fighter 1 veteran Chris Leben via modified guillotine choke in the second round.Both victories earned Submission of the Night honors. <mask> lost in competition at UFC 68 with a match-up against Rich Franklin in his first appearance since losing the UFC Middleweight Championship to Anderson Silva. Franklin mounted <mask> in the final seconds of round two, causing enough injury to <mask>'s left eye area that his corner advised him to throw in the towel, and Franklin was declared the winner. At UFC 72, <mask> rebounded from his loss to Franklin with a second-round TKO victory over Rory Singer. This marked his third victory over The Ultimate Fighter veterans. At UFC 77, <mask> faced Yushin Okami, who was coming off a loss to Franklin in a title contention elimination bout. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision (30-27, 30-27, 30-27).<mask> fell back from the defeat at UFC 83, defeating Joe Doerksen via TKO (elbows) in the second round and earning a $75,000 bonus for Knockout of the Night in the process. A small controversy erupted after <mask> landed two hammerfists after it appeared the fight had been stopped. In an interview the day after the fight, <mask> explained that the referee had instructed him to continue fighting and had even apologized to him for his error in judgment. At UFC 87, <mask> faced Brazilian Demian Maia. The fight took place almost completely on the ground, with <mask> escaping numerous submission attempts. Ultimately in the third round, Maia locked in a rear-naked choke for the victory. Only a month later, <mask> went on to fight as a replacement for <mask> at UFC 88.He won against <mask> at 1:20 of round two by rear-naked choke, earning his third Submission of the Night bonus. <mask> followed up with a bout at The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs Team Mir Finale against Wilson Gouveia. <mask> lost the fight via submission due to elbows after being dropped with a glancing left jab by Gouveia and pounded on for the stoppage. At UFC 97, <mask> suffered a first-round TKO loss to Nate Quarry due to elbows from a mounted position. Despite earlier suggestions from Dana White that <mask>'s position in the UFC roster was safe despite his recent lack of success, the UFC released <mask> several weeks later. Matchmaker Joe Silva commented that the door would be left open for <mask> to return should he earn a few more victories in smaller promotions. Post-UFC Release
At the MFC 21 event on May 15, 2009, <mask> announced that he was returning to the Canadian promotion Maximum Fighting Championship.He fought Travis Lutter in the main event of MFC 22 on October 2, 2009, losing a unanimous decision. <mask> faced TUF 3 competitor and fellow UFC veteran Solomon Hutcherson at MFC 23 defeating him by split decision giving <mask> his fifth victory over a TUF competitor. On March 20, 2010, <mask> replaced Denis Kang in the main event of W1 Bad Blood. He defeated Vernon White in the 3rd round via triangle choke. On April 23, 2010, <mask> defeated Matt Horwich via unanimous decision in the main event of the very first Let's Get It On MMA tournament event. Return to the UFC
<mask> returned to the UFC and faced up and coming wrestler John Salter on May 8, 2010, at UFC 113, replacing an injured Nick Catone. After 2:42 of the first round, <mask>'s leg broke during a takedown attempt by Salter and the fight was stopped, declaring Salter the winner by TKO due to injury.<mask> was scheduled to face Rafael Natal on December 11, 2010, at UFC 124, but pulled out of the fight after suffering an injury in training. Nearly a year after his last bout, <mask> fought and submitted Ryan Jensen via first-round triangle choke at UFC 129 on April 30, 2011. <mask> faced Alan Belcher on September 17, 2011 at UFC Fight Night 25, losing via verbal submission due to strikes in the first round. <mask> faced Tom Lawlor on May 15, 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV: Korean Zombie vs. Poirier. He lost the fight via KO in the first round. On February 28, 2013, <mask> announced his retirement from MMA, leaving his UFC record standing at 6-8. MMA Business
MacDonald owns and runs his own gym, Pure Fitness & MMA, located in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada.He also runs his own fight promotion called Pure Fighting Championship. He manages a number of Canadian professional MMA fighters, including Ryan Machan, Evan Sanguin, George Belanger and Derek Clark. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Kelly have four children, sons Tristin and Keel and daughters Jett and True. <mask> is also a CrossFit Trainer, and works for CrossFit HQ co-teaching the CrossFit Level 1 Trainer Certification course. |-
| Win
| align=center| 17–7
| Ed Herman
| Submission (triangle choke)
| Ortiz vs. Shamrock 3: The Final Chapter
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:43
| Hollywood, Florida, United States
| Submission of the Night.

masks:
Jason Anthony MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
Jason Day
Jason Lambert
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
Jason MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
MacDonald
Jason


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<mask> (born December 19, 1930) is an American inventor and chemist, most known for inventing the process to fabricate the self-aligned gate MOSFET transistor along with Robert E. Kerwin and John C. Sarace in 1967 at Bell Labs. In 1994, together with Kerwin and Sarace, <mask> received the IEEE Jack A. Morton award (renamed in 2000 to the IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award) "For pioneering work and the basic patent on the self-aligned silicon-gate process, a key element in fabrication of very large scale integrated circuits." That same year, <mask>, Kerwin and Sarace were declared "Inventors of the Year" by the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame. Early life
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York to <mask>, a Hungarian Jew who immigrated to the United States at age 16, and Emily Vogel, an American born Austro-Hungarian Jew. <mask>'s brother Herbert, who was 7 years older, was a radio amateur from a young age. He served in WWII as a radio operator on a ship for the Navy. For <mask>'s 13th birthday, Herbert gave him his first chemistry set (which he obtained through his Electrical Engineering studies).<mask> began experimenting with the chemicals, while collecting more from family members and buying his own. Eventually he had built his own laboratory in his parents' basement. After high school, <mask> followed in his brother's footsteps, becoming a licensed radio amateur. Education
In 1945, <mask> attended Brooklyn Technical High School where he took many chemistry courses including inorganic, qualitative and quantitative analysis, organic chemistry, physical chemistry and chemical engineering. After high school, <mask> attended Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (now New York University Tandon School of Engineering). After briefly debating between Metallurgy and inorganic chemistry, <mask> decided to major in inorganic chemistry. Eager to combine his passions of chemistry and electronics, <mask> decided to research radio frequency titrimetry for his undergraduate thesis, a new field at the time.Upon graduation, <mask> began working at Sylvania Electric Products Inc. in Boston, Massachusetts to support his new family (he got married one week after graduating). <mask> enjoyed his time at Sylvania where he was able to combine his passions for electronics and chemistry, working on solid-state electronics. During his time at Sylvania, <mask> wrote numerous articles for QST about semiconductor device applications. After 2 years at Sylvania (which <mask> refers to as his "post-graduate education"), <mask> decided to pursue a graduate degree at the University of Connecticut working with Dr. Roland Ward who he'd met during his undergraduate studies. Ward, often considered the father of solid-state chemistry, had moved from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn to the University of Connecticut. <mask>'s research with Ward, which focused on photochemistry was published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. In 1958, <mask> graduated from the University of Connecticut with a PhD in inorganic chemistry.Career
In 1958, Dr. Ward introduced <mask> to a headhunter from Bell Labs who was eager to recruit <mask>. <mask> Joined Bell Labs in November, 1958. Although he was originally recruited to join the chemistry research department, <mask> began working in the chemistry development department where he worked on the development of semiconductors. <mask> was thrilled to be working along some of the brightest chemists in the world. As <mask> said during an interview with the Chemical Heritage Foundation, "There were more experts under that one roof at Murray Hill, than at any university that I had ever been to, or have been in since. You could always find an expert in every single field you could think of." <mask> referred to his time at Bell Labs as "the greatest post graduate education I ever had."Along with his colleagues, <mask> worked to develop etching techniques and ways to prevent contamination in the process of semiconductor production. In February 1966, Willard Boyle, a high level manager at Bell Labs, posed a problem to <mask>. At the time, the production process of integrated circuits required 6 or 7 steps, each with a yield rate of below 90%, resulting in unacceptably low yield rates. What was desired was a process that would be go/no-go, meaning a process in which an entire batch of wafers can be eliminated early on in the production process. Following his discussion with Dr. Boyle, <mask> led a brainstorming session with several other Bell scientists to design a better process for building FET devices. Out of that meeting came the idea of using a heavily doped polycrystalline silicon layer as the gate of an FET. The gate was to be supported on dual layers of a silicon nitride and silicon dioxide serving as the gate insulator.Using the FET as a model for integrated circuits, they fabricated and characterized hundreds of FET devices at high yield that exhibited close electrical tolerances. <mask> and his group published numerous papers on this new technology and also patented the process. <mask> remained at Bell Labs until 1967, when he joined IBM. Before joining IBM, an agreement was made between Bell Labs and IBM that <mask> would not be allowed to work intimately on the problems that he had been working on at Bell Labs, for at least a period of time. Unable to work directly on MOSFET technology, <mask> was asked to set up a group to advance the technology of lithography. More specifically, <mask>'s group worked on developing new photoresist technologies. While at IBM, <mask> worked as a senior engineer, manager, and technical staff consultant.In 1987, <mask> retired from IBM and began teaching Chemistry at the Department of Physical Sciences at Dutchess Community College in his hometown Poughkeepsie, New York. Patents
Method of fabricating semiconductor contacts, (1965). Semiconductor surface cleaning, (1965). Method for the preparation of atomically clean silicon, (1969). Silicon oxide tunnel diode structure and method of making same, (1969). Method for making MIS structures, (1969). Cyclic polyisoprene photoresist compositions, (1972).Device for removing low level contaminants from a liquid, (1977). Personal life
In 1952, <mask> married Ruth Kintzburger (also a chemist and radio amateur), a childhood friend from Brooklyn. Together they had 6 children and 21 grandchildren. References

1930 births
Living people
American chemists
American inventors

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