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 National Theater Bucharest. Together with <mask> Caragiale, he participated in the very first production of a play by that institution, on December 31, 1851. The family moved back into their home at Giulești, where they began tending to their vineyard and opened a number of sand mines. The property increased from various purchases, but <mask> donated some of the plots to low-income families. <mask> returned to print in 1853 with a series of moral tales, Săteanul creștin ("The Christian Villager"). It carried a dedication to the Princess-consort, Elisabeta Cantacuzino-Știrbei. <mask> continued to be active during Știrbei's second reign, which began in October 1854.That year, his scattered poems were collected in an almanac put out by the Romanians of Großwardein. For a while in September 1855, the Prince considered making Aristia his State Librarian. Becoming a Caimacam (Regent) in 1856, after the Crimean War had put an end to Russian interventions, Alexandru II Ghica finally awarded him that same office. In 1857–1858, he and Carol Valștain, as employees of the fledgling Wallachian National Museum, worked to recover and store art bequeathed by Barbu Iscovescu, a painter and revolutionary figure who had died in exile at Pera. Săteanul creștin was followed in 1857 by a first volume from Plutarch's Parallel Lives, including a biographical essay by Dominique Ricard. As he explained in an announcement put out by Foaia pentru Minte, Anima si Literatura, this activity had consumed him for the previous four years. He also credited its success to grants awarded by two Wallachian Ministers of Education—his former enemy Scarlat Crețulescu, and his one-time Philharmonic colleague, Ioan Câmpineanu.Final activities

Though resuming his literary activities, <mask> declared himself frustrated in his work as a translator by the lack of a literary standard, including in matters of Romanian Cyrillic orthography. He considered giving up on this activity. Also in 1857, after being contacted by the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS), <mask>ias". He used the "latest Greek edition", verified against the Masoretic Text. Three volumes, comprising all text between Genesis and Isaiah, was published in 1859 as Biblia Sacra. In parallel, his Iliad had reached he Duchy of Bukovina, acquired by Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi; in this version, it served to familiarize Mihai Eminescu, the future poet, with Homer's work. However, Aristia rejected his own translation, and had by then produced a new one, ultimately published in 1858.In January 1859, Wallachia was effectively merged with Moldavia into the United Principalities, as the nucleus of modern Romania. Under this new regime, <mask> was again confirmed as a teacher of French and Greek at Saint Sava, though some records also suggest that he only taught Greek at Gheorghe Lazăr Gymnasium, from 1860 to 1865. Also in 1859, <mask> published his final original work of verse, Cântare. Written from the point of view of children in an orphanage, it honored the musician and philanthropist Elisa Blaremberg. His status was declining: by the 1850s, his and Talma's style of acting were being purged from theaters by a more realistic school, whose leading exponents were Matei Millo and Mihail Pascaly. In 1860, the BFBS ended its contract with Aristia, who was demanding ever-increasing funds, and whose libertine lifestyle was viewed as distasteful by local missionaries. P. Teulescu of the National Archives employed him as a translator of Greek Wallachian documents from the age of Constantine Mavrocordatos.As noted by historian Nicolae Iorga, the activity fit in with <mask>'s talents, as "something he was good at" (Iorga's italics). In 1864, <mask> and Lucsița Aristia were living on Stejar Street. They declared themselves "of Hellenic origin, of Romanian birth, [and] of Christian Orthodox religion". His daughter Aristeea married the biologist Dimitrie Ananescu that same year; the younger Alexandrina was from 1871 the wife of Alexandru Radu Vardalah. Following the transformation of Saint Sava, <mask> was assigned a chair at the new University of Bucharest, but resigned in favor of his pupil Epaminonda Francudi. In the 1870s part of his Giulești vineyard was taken over by the Romanian state. Aristia was largely inactive during the final two decades of his life.In April 1867, he endorsed Constantin Dimitriade's effort to introduce more rigorous acting through a translation of Joaquín Bastús' manual, Tratado de Declamación. It appeared that same year, but proved to be "tedious, complicated, and quickly outdated." One other exception was an 1868 article for Ateneul Român, where he campaigned for the adaptation of Romanian poetry to classical hexameters. That same year, Bolliac's newspaper, Trompetta Carpaților, asked Romanian authorities to sponsor Aristia's complete translation of the Iliad, including its eventual publication. This stance was being largely ignored by the new cultural mainstream, formed around Junimea, which favored the shedding of Latin prosody in favor of more natural patterns. In a February 1876 issue of Convorbiri Literare, Junimist Ștefan Vârgolici described some of Aristia's lyrics as "very poorly written and very badly cadenced". The group also promoted a less pretentious version of the Iliad, as provided by its member, Ioan D. Caragiani.Completely blind from 1872, Aristia dictated his final poem, written in memory of philanthropist Ana Davila, accidentally poisoned in 1874. In May 1876, he received from the Romanian state the Bene Merenti Medal, First class, at the same time as Grigore Alexandrescu, Dora d'Istria, and Aaron Florian. Beginning that year, the Aristias rented a home on Sfinții Voievozi Street, west of Podul Mogoșoaiei, where <mask> hosted a literary salon. As noted by his grandson Constantin D. Ananescu, the aging and debilitated poet still rejoiced upon witnessing Romania's full emancipation from the Ottoman Empire with the 1877–1878 War of Independence. He died in his Sfinții Voievozi home on April 18, 1880, after an "apoplexy". His body was taken for burial at Sfânta Vineri Cemetery. The state treasury provided 1000 lei for his "very austere" funeral.The poet was survived by Aristeea Ananescu, his other daughter having died before him. Bucharesters preserved a record of the deceased writer in the name they assigned to his former property, as Gropile Aristia or Gropile lui Aristia ("Aristia's Pits"). In 1891, a sanitation committee, presided upon by Alfred Bernard-Lendway, found that the remaining pits had gathered toxic water and were a source of malaria; the area was condemned and the pits were covered up. Lucsița sold off the remainder of her husband's vineyard and mines to an entrepreneur named Viting, but her inheritors litigated the matter until ca. 1940. By then, the family house had been demolished to build a hospital for the State Railways Company, though the general area was still known for its namesake writer. Writing in January 1914, Ananescu noted that no arrangements had ever been made for his grandfather's centennial in 1900.This gaffe, he notes, was remedied in 1903, when Ollănescu-Ascanio produced a short historical play in which <mask> was a leading role. The Aristia archive was by then mostly lost, as were most copies of Biblia Sacra, but his Saul was recovered and partly published by scholar Ramiro Ortiz in 1916. By 1919, the boys' school on Bucharest's Francmasonă (or Farmazonă) Street had been renamed after the poet. <mask> appears as a character in Camil Petrescu's 1953 novel, Un om între oameni—his "sentimental biography" provides the author with a pretext for discussing the world of theater and its political leanings and morals before and during 1848. Literary work
Aristia was widely seen as an important figure in the early modernizing stages of Romanian literature. Speaking out against Junimea in 1902, poet Alexandru Macedonski asserted the role played by Heliade and his "constellation", including Aristia, with activating the "rejuvenation age" in Wallachia and Romania. Among his later commentators, Walter Puchner argues that Aristia was personally responsible for unifying the early traditions of modern Greek and Romanian theater.A similar point is made by comparatist Cornelia Papacostea-Danielopolu, according to whom <mask>'s activity in Greece "revived theatrical productions during the revolutionary period", while his work with the Ghica children signified the "origin of modern Romanian theater." Philologist Federico Donatiello notes that Heliade and Aristia had a "keen interest" in transposing the theatrical canon of the Age of Enlightenment into Romanian adaptations. Despite <mask>'s Neoclassical references, literary historian George Călinescu lists him as one of Wallachia's first Romantic poets—alongside Heliade, Rosetti, Alexandrescu, Vasile Cârlova, and Grigore Pleșoianu. Theatrologist Florin Tornea also describes <mask>'s acting as "murky [and] romantic". While his talents as an animator garnered praise, his lyrical work was a topic of debate and scandal. Early on, his poetry in Greek raised a political issue. Writing in 1853, philologist Alexandre Timoni noted that Aristia's hymn to Greece "lacked inspiration", but nonetheless had a "remarkable style."Dedicated to Adamantios Korais, this poem called on the great powers to intervene and rescue the country from Ottoman subjection. Aristia produced the image of Greece as a source of civilization, a sun around which all other countries revolved as "planets". According to Timoni, the hymn was an unfortunate choice of words: "it is this new kind of sun which, for all its splendor, rotates around [the planets]." Aristia's other work in Greek, Αρμόδιος και Ἀριστογείτων, expanded upon a lyrical fragment from the work of Andreas Kalvos, and similarly alluded to Greek liberation; it was dedicated to the Eterist Georgios Leventis. Aristia wrote during the modernization of the Romanian vernacular, but before the definition of standard literary language and Latin-based alphabet. Before his temporary disenchantment and pause, he considered Romanian especially apt for translating literature, for being "robust" as well as "receptive of new things". In addition to being politically divisive, Aristia's version of Saul was stylistically controversial.Its language was defended with an erudite chronicle by Heliade himself, and was much treasured by the aspiring Moldavian novelist, Constantin Negruzzi. <mask>, who declared himself interested in rendering the language particular to the "pontiffs of poetry", innovated the Romanian lexis. Saul had a mixture of archaic terms, especially from Christian sermons, and new borrowings from the other Romance languages. At this stage, <mask> focused on accuracy and precision, and refrained from adhering to Heliade's more heavily Italienized idiom; his version of the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was also simplified, with the removal of any superfluous characters. According to Călinescu, the end result was still somewhat prolix, and the vocabulary "bizarre", mainly because "Aristia has not mastered Romanian". Literary historian N. Roman dismisses Prințul român as "confusing and embarrassing verse". In "pompous style", it depicted the minutiae of Bibescu's coronation, and defined Bibescu as the paragon of patriotism, on par with Theseus, Lycurgus of Sparta, Marcus Furius Camillus, and Attila.A fragment suggested the "main direction of princely propaganda", by identifying Bibescu with a 16th-century national hero, Michael the Brave. An unknown Russian chronicler in Das Ausland magazine ridiculed the poet for "unleash[ing] all his poetic energy on Bibescu's horse", and claimed that this aspect also annoyed the Prince himself. Aristia expected the book to be known and praised by his Moldavian colleagues, to whom he sent free copies. Instead, Prințul român was "mercilessly" panned by the celebrated Moldavian poet, Vasile Alecsandri, in an 1844 review for Propășirea. It read: "Clap your hands, my fellow Romanians, for at long last, after a long, long wait [Alecsandri's italics] that took some thousands of years, you have proven yourselves worthy of receiving an epic poem! [...] This golden age of yours has arrived as an 8º tome that's packed full of wriggled verse and of ideas even more wriggled." The first drafts of the Iliad in Aristia's interpretation were criticized for their coinage of composite words—ridiculed examples include pedeveloce ("fast-running") and braț-alba ("white-armed"); more such words also appeared in the 1850s version: coiflucerinde ("helmet-shining"), pedager ("quick-footed"), and cai-domitoriu ("horse-taming").His inventions also included the vocative zee, for "O goddess", in the very first line of the epic. Petre Gheorghe Bârlea describes zee as a precious contribution, superior to the Slavic-sounding zeițo, which was retained in the version penned in 1920 by George Murnu. He notes that, overall, Aristia "decided to cut off literary Romanian from vast and heterogeneous field of everyday language". Linguist Lazăr Șăineanu likens the artificial project to that undertaken in 16th-century French literature by Du Bartas and La Pléiade. Aristia's revised Iliad is viewed as "unintelligible" to more modern readers, "in a language that is new, harmonious, enchanting, but is not Romanian." According to the critic Ioan Duma, Aristia's care in answering his detractors was misdirected, since his translation remained "vacuous"; scholar N. Bănescu also highlights the issue of Aristia "tortur[ing] language". Călinescu sees Aristia's text as a "masterpiece in extravagance", a "caricature-like answer" to more professional translations by Nikolay Gnedich and Johann Heinrich Voss.The effort was criticized on such grounds by Heliade himself, who "still preserved his common sense." However, as scholar Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică notes, <mask>'s applied talents "did wonders" for advancing the Romanian literary effort. Bârlea defends Aristia against his "many critics", especially those who, like Nicolae Iorga, spoke from "literary pride, having tried, in various takes, their own Homeric translations." <mask>'s efforts in enriching the Romanian lexis were also directed to non-lyrical pursuits, as with his version of Plutarch and its 24-page glossary. The standard proposed here was profusely Italienized, with some Greek calques added. The preface also included a first instance of the word viaticum, borrowed from Latin in its original meaning, "provision for a journey". Aristia's project in Bible translation may have been inspired by Heliade's earlier attempts.According to Birtz, he refrained from following Heliade's heretical speculation, and was thus deemed palatable by the Wallachian Orthodox Church. His overall involvement in Christian literature was touched by additional controversy, particularly regarding its depiction of Longinus as both a Romanian and the "first Christian". Scholar Mihail Kogălniceanu identified this as a "maniacal" exaggeration which "does not befit a Romanian", and which was prone to make nationalism look

masks: Costache Aristia Aristia Aristia Aristia Aristiast Aristia Aristia Aristia Costache Costache Costache Aristia Aristia Aristia Aristia Aristia Aristia Aristia Aristia Aristia


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<mask> (born 11 September 1986 in Tzaneen, South Africa), is a rugby union player for the  in Super Rugby and in the Currie Cup. His usual position is at hooker. Career

Youth rugby

As a pupil at Pretoria Boys High School, Ralepelle played for the South African Schools team in 2002 and 2003 and went on to play for the South African Under-19 side in 2004. He once again played for the Under-19s in 2005 and also made the step up to the national Under-21 team in the same year. <mask> captained the Under-21s at the 2006 Under 21 Rugby World Championship in France. South Africa made it to the final of the tournament, but were defeated by 13–24 the hosts. 2005–06

While still eligible to play Under-19 rugby in 2005, Ralepelle was included in the  squad for the 2005 Vodacom Cup.He didn't make any appearances in the competition, but did captain the  side in the Under-19 Provincial Championship. He made his first class debut for the  in their opening match of the 2006 Super 14 season, coming on as a last-minute replacement in their 30–18 victory against the  in Bloemfontein. One more appearance from the bench followed in their home match against the , before Ralepelle moved to the Vodacom Cup squad. He made five appearances for the  in the 2006 Vodacom Cup and scored his first senior try in their match against the  in a 30–6 victory. Despite having less than ten minutes of Super Rugby experience and five Vodacom Cup matches to his name, <mask> was included in the Springboks squad for the 2006 Tri Nations Series. Head coach Jake White named <mask> on the bench for the second test against  in Sydney, but he failed to make an appearance. In their next match against  in Pretoria on 26 August 2006, he came on as a late substitute to make his Springbok debut, aged just 19.He also was an unused replacement in the final two Tri Nations games. <mask> was then included in the South African squad for the 2006 tour to the Northern Hemisphere. He was an unused bench replacement in the match against  and for the first Test against . <mask> appeared as a substitute in the second Test at Twickenham. For the last match of the tour, <mask> was named as captain for the match against the World XV at Walkers Stadium in Leicester, becoming the first black player - and the youngest - to captain the national team. 2007–08

He made a single appearance in 2007, in a Super 14 match against the . He then picked up a serious knee injury that ruled him out of rugby for the remainder of the year.He made his return in pre-season matches prior to the 2008, but once again injured his knee during the captain's run prior to a warm-up match against the  in George. After 18 months out of action with knee injuries, he returned to the field in August 2008 in the 2008 Currie Cup Premier Division, making his Currie Cup debut two-and-a-half years after he made his Super Rugby debut. He came on as a second-half replacement for Bandise Maku in their match against the  in Brakpan, helping them to a 50–7 win. With his injury problems now behind him, he made eight appearances in the Currie Cup as he helped the Blue Bulls reach the final of the competition. He played off the bench in the final, but could not prevent Durban-based side the  running out 14–9 winners. He won back his place in the  squad, being included in their tour of Great Britain in November 2008, making one appearance in their 42–6 victory against . 2009–10

He made fifteen appearances for the  in the 2009 Super 14 season, also scoring his first try in this competition in their match against the .He helped the Bulls reach the final of the competition, a match in which Ralepelle featured as a second-half replacement to help the Bulls to a 61–17 victory against the . He was included in the  squad for the 2009 British & Irish Lions tour to South Africa, making one appearance, by starting the Third Test match against the Lions. He also made four appearances for the national side during the 2009 Tri Nations Series, helping South Africa win the competition for the third time. He captained a  XV in their match against Leicester Tigers during the 2009 end-of-year rugby union internationals, with the Premiership side running out 22–17 winners, but sustained a foot injury which required a foot operation and kept him out of action for three months. He made five appearances for the  during the 2010 Vodacom Cup, but made just one appearance against the  in Cape Town during the 2010 Super 14 season. This didn't affect his national team prospects, however, as he featured in the 2010 mid-year rugby union internationals, playing in matches against ,  and . He also made five appearances during the 2010 Tri Nations Series and a further eight appearances in domestic action for the  during the 2010 Currie Cup Premier Division.He was once again selected in the  squad that toured Great Britain and Ireland during the 2010 end-of-year rugby union internationals. However, on 15 November 2010, Ralepelle (along with winger Bjorn Basson) was suspended and sent back to South Africa following a positive drugs test after their match against , with traces of banned substance methylhexanamine found in his system. After an investigation, the South African Rugby Union found both players innocent of all charges and issued a public apology to them. Both players were given diet supplement Anabolic Nitro Nitric Oxide Extreme Energy Surge by team officials. While previous tests of this product in South Africa yielded negative results, the British version of the product did contain methylhexanamine, resulting in the positive test results. 2011–13

Ralepelle played in sixteen Super Rugby matches for the  in 2011, getting one try in their match against the , but the Bulls finished in seventh place on the log to miss out on a play-off spot. He made two appearances for  during the 2011 Tri Nations Series and scored his first international try in their match against  in Sydney.He made three appearances for the  during the 2011 Currie Cup Premier Division before being named in the Springbok squad that played at the 2011 Rugby World Cup. He made just one appearance in the competition though, coming on as a substitute in their 87–0 victory over . He started in seventeen matches for the  during the 2012 Super Rugby season, helping them reach the play-offs, where they were eliminated by the . However, despite being named in South Africa's squad, he missed out on the 2012 Rugby Championship, once again suffering a knee injury. He did return to action at the end of the year, making three appearances for the  in the 2012 Currie Cup Premier Division before being an unused player for South Africa's end-of-year tour. He once again played in seventeen matches for the  during the 2013 Super Rugby season, his most prolific season ever, scoring two tries – one in their match against the  and one against the . He made one more appearance for the Springboks, coming on as a late substitute in their match against  during the 2013 mid-year rugby union tests.In June 2013, the  announced that <mask> would join French Top 14 side Toulouse after the 2013 Currie Cup Premier Division season, but he failed to feature in the competition. Toulouse and drugs ban

He made his debut for  in their 38–5 victory over Italian side Zebre in the 2013–14 Heineken Cup. Two weeks later, he made his domestic debut, helping Toulouse to a 13–12 victory over  in their 2013–14 Top 14 match. He made a total of ten appearances in the Top 14 and a further six in the Heineken Cup for Toulouse. His final match for them came in February 2014, when he started in their 16–6 win against , but tore his knee ligaments during the match, which ruled him out during the remainder of the season. On 19 March 2014, Ralepelle faced an out-of-competition drugs test, where he tested positive for anabolic steroid drostanolone. The hearing into this positive drugs test was set for mid-March 2015, but Ralepelle had his contract with Toulouse cancelled and returned to South Africa.He was eventually banned for two years, for a period 10 April 2014 to 10 April 2016, effective from the date that the player's initial provisional suspension came into effect. Return to rugby : Sharks

Durban-based Super Rugby outfit the  announced that Ralepelle would join them prior to the 2016 Super Rugby season. 8 Year Ban

During an out-of-competition test on 17 January 2019 he tested positive for Zeranol and was banned for eight years. References

External links
 Bulls profile

 Baby Boks team announced
 Red hot Chilliboy a future Bok captain
 itsrugby.co.uk profile

1986 births
Living people
People from Tzaneen
South African rugby union players
South Africa international rugby union players
Bulls (rugby union) players
Blue Bulls players
Rugby union hookers
Doping cases in rugby union
Sportspeople from Limpopo

masks:
Mahlatse Chiliboy Ralepelle
Ralepelle
Ralepelle
Ralepelle
Ralepelle
Ralepelle
Ralepelle
Ralepelle


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<mask> (三岸節子, January 3, 1905 – April 18, 1999) was a Japanese yōga (Western-style) painter. Known for employing vivid colors and bold strokes for still-life and landscape, Migishi contributed greatly to the establishment and elevation of the status of female artists in the Japanese art scene. Early Years
Born <mask> in Nakashima-gun (later Oniishi, now Ichinomiya), Aichi Prefecture, into a wealthy family who built a textile factory in Owari, she was the sixth of ten children. Her birth family was a wealthy landowner who ran a woolen cloth manufacturing business. Due to a congenital dislocation of the hip joint, Migishi had a major operation during her infant times at a hospital in Nagoya. After attending Koshin Nakajima Elementary School, she enrolled in Kihatsu Elementary School in 1915 and graduated from the school in 1917. She entered Shukutoku High School for Girls in Nagoya.While at school, her roommate at the school's dorm, Suzu Toda, senior to her, who practiced Nihonga (Japanese-style painting), inspired Migishi to copy the paintings of beautiful women by such female artists as Uemura Shoen and Shima Seien. Pre-War: 1920s-1945
In 1921, she graduated from the school and moved to Tokyo, where she first took the entrance exam for the Women's Medical College, but failed. Migishi began to study painting, entered the Hongō Western-style Painting Institute (本郷洋画研究所), and became a student under Saburōsuke Okada. One year later, Migishi transferred as a second-year student to the Women’s Art School/Joshibi University of Art and Design, a private women's art school in Suginami, Japan, and graduated top-class in 1924. In 1923, Migishi submitted her work to the Nika Exhibition (二科展) but was not accepted. During the same year of her graduation, she married Kōtarō <mask>, a Japanese oil painter, who died unexpectedly later in 1934. Migishi gave birth to their first daughter in the March of 1925.In the same month, her works Jigazō (自画像, Self-Portrait), Fūkei (風景, Landscape), Sazanka (山茶花, Camellia), and Kijō nika (机上二果, Two Fruits on a Table) were accepted to the 3rd Shunyō-kai Exhibition (春陽会展). From there, she continued to exhibit works at the Shunyō-kai Exhibition. In April of the same year, Migishi, together with Hitoyo Kai and Koko Fukazawa, formed the Women's Yōga Association (婦人洋画協会). In 1932, she moved from the Shunyō-kai to the Dokuritsu (Independent) Art Association (独立美術協会), and exhibited Hana Kajitsu (花·果実, Flowers and Fruits), Ragā (ラガー, Lager) at its second exhibition. After Kōtarō's death in 1934 at the age of 31, Migishi continued to work while raising three children. In 1935 at the Independent's 5th exhibition, Migishi’s Momoiro no nuno (桃色の布, Pink Cloth), Mado (窓, Window), Kurenai no nuno (紅の布, Crimson Cloth) were accepted and the artist became a friend (会友) of the Association. However, in four years, Migishi would quit from Dokuritsu in protest of the association's decision not to admit female painters as members.In January 1936, seven female painters, Haruko Hasegawa, Yoneko Saeki, Eiko Fujikawa, Aoi Shima, Yōko Toyama, <mask> <mask>, and Hanako Hashimoto, organized a new organization, Nanasai-kai (七彩会), one of the first woman artist collectives in Japan. Migishi also turned to the Shin Seisaku-ha Kyōkai (新制作派協会, New Production Association) and became a member in the same year. Also in 1939, Migishi became a teacher at the Bijutsu Kōgei Gakuin (美術工芸学院, Academy of Arts and Crafts), a school established to provide artistic education for women. In 1940, Migishi visited Korea and Japan-occupied Manchuria. She exhibited her painting Shitsunai (室内, The Interior) at the exhibition celebrating the 2600th anniversary of the Empire of Japan (紀元2600年奉祝展). In 1943, the artist became an officer of the Joryū Bijutsuka Hōkō-tai (女流美術家奉公隊, Women’s Art Service Corps). Post-War
In September 1945, the first post-war solo exhibition of <mask> Migishi was held at Nichid Gallery in Ginza, Tokyo.In 1946, with the goal of elevating the status of female artists and independent creators, she founded the Joryū Gaka Kyōkai (女流画家協会, Women Artists Association) with Eiko Fujikawa and Yuki Katsura and began to exhibit her works here in addition to the New Production Association. In 1950, Kingyo (金魚, Goldfish) was accepted in the 14th New Production Association Exhibition and was purchased by the Ministry of Education. Another painting, Kuchinashi (梔子, Gardenia) received the Selected Artworks by the Ministry of Education Award (芸術選奨文部大臣賞). Flowers were a motif that Migishi continued to engage with throughout her career. She would experiment with drawing flowers abstractly or using vibrant colors to express the dynamics of botany. The artist often set up a garden in her studios both in Japan and later in Europe, cared for the flowers that later she would draw from. In 1951, she exhibited Hana (花, Flower) at the 1st São Paulo Biennial.The following year, Migishi’s activities as an artist continued to expand internationally, as she exhibited at the Salon de Mai in Paris and the 18th Carnegie International Art Exhibition in Pittsburgh. In 1953, she broke off her five-year long relationship to Keisuke Sugano, an oil painter. In 1954, Migishi travelled to Europe for the first time to visit her eldest son, Kōtarō. After staying in Burgundy, France and touring Spain and Italy, she returned to Japan in the summer of 1955. The artist absorbed the culture that surrounded Western painting and was much inspired by the relationship among the dry climate in Europe, its landscape, and colors. In the 1950s and 1960s, she continued to participate in the exhibitions of New Production Association and the Women Artists Association, as well as the Contemporary Art Exhibition of Japan (現代日本美術展) and the Japan International Art Exhibition (日本国際美術展). In 1964, she set up a studio on the hills of Ōiso, Kanagawa, and the landscape there, as supposed to mostly still-life that she worked on prior to this, became the motif that Migishi frequently engaged with.In 1965, Migishi traveled to Hokkaido. In addition to painting the scenery there, she decided to donate the works of her late husband Kōtarō to somewhere in Hokkaido. Two years later, 216 works by Kōtarō Migishi were donated and became the founding collection of Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art (now Hokkaido Prefectural Migishi Kotaro Museum). The following year, in 1968, the artist left Japan and settled in Carnille, France, where she devoted herself to production. In 1969, Migishi, with Tamako Kataoka, Fukuko Okubo and other nine members held the Joryū Sōgō-ten (女流総合展, Women’s General Exhibition). Migishi moved to Véron, Burgundy in 1974 before returning to Japan in 1989. She continued her work at her home and studio in Ōiso, Kanagawa Prefecture.In the same year, she was awarded the Asahi Prize. In 1994, Migishi received the Person of Cultural Merit, an official Japanese recognition and honor to selected people who have made outstanding cultural contributions. Migishi passed away in 1999 at the age of 94 due to acute circulatory failure. Writing
Migishi was also a writer. In 1950, Migishi published a collection of essays entitled Bijin no Tsubasa (美神の翼, Wings of the Goddess of Beauty). Her other books include Hana to Venice (花とヴェネチア―三岸節子, Flower and Venice), published by Sansaisha in 1977 and Hana yori naha rashiku (花より花らしく, More Flowerly Than a Flower), published by Kyuryudō in 1977. Legacy
The  is a museum and cultural center located in Ichinomiya, Aichi Prefecture, in Japan, that is dedicated to the works and life of Migishi Setsuko.It was established in 1998 at the birthplace of the Japanese Yōga painter. The museum owns one of the most extensive collections of <mask>'s work, mostly donated by <mask> and her family themselves. It includes a permanent collection of works, temporary exhibitions and art related lectures, as well as different activities and showings of <mask>'s documentaries. It also contains a library and gift shop dedicated to the artist, along with books and catalogues about Japanese art and culture. References

External links
 Official Site
 <mask> <mask> - Artnet
 Migishi Setsuko NHK Interview
 Hiroshima Museum of Art - Works by <mask> Setsuko
 Migishi <mask>hi <mask> Page at Takanawa Gallery (Article in Japanese)
 <mask> Setsuko's Saginomiya Studio (Article in Japanese)

1905 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Japanese painters
20th-century Japanese women artists
20th-century Japanese artists
Japanese contemporary artists
Yōga painters
People from Ichinomiya, Aichi
Japanese feminists
Fauvism
Persons of Cultural Merit

masks:
Migishi Setsuko
Setsuko Yoda
Migishi
Setsuko
Migishi
Setsuko
Setsuko
Setsuko
Setsuko
Migishi
Setsuko
Migishi
Setsukogis
Setsuko
Migishi


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<mask> (22 January 1859 – 30 April 1928) was a socialist journalist and activist, regarded as one of the leading spirits behind the formation of the Independent Labour Party. Up to 1893, he lived and worked in Great Britain, moving after that date to Australia. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Poona, India on 22 January 1859, the son of Major-General <mask>, and his wife Henrietta Susan, née Urquhart, of aristocratic Scottish descent. <mask> was sent to England at four years of age to attend a day school and from 13 was educated at Marlborough College, later he attended the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He entered the army and fought with the artillery in the Afghan War of 1879. There he caught typhoid and was sent back to England. A radical friend showed <mask> the London East End slums; his friend also accompanied <mask> to the United States where <mask> was influenced by the writings of <mask>.Socialist in England
<mask> resigned his army commission 17 September 1882 in disgust over conduct of the Egyptian War of that year and joined the socialist movement. He became assistant secretary of the Social Democratic Federation (SDF) and wrote for the socialist paper, Justice. In 1886 with John Burns, <mask> and Jack Williams he was indicted for seditious conspiracy in connexion with the Trafalgar Square riots, after conducting his own defence he was acquitted. <mask> bought a half-share in a printing plant and published a paper called To-Day, and in 1885-86 George Bernard Shaw's early novel Cashel Byron's Profession appeared in it as a serial. It was published separately by <mask> in 1886. This was the first of Shaw's works published in book form. <mask> joined the Labour Electoral Association and founded a newspaper called Labour Elector in 1888.In 1889 <mask> was one of the leaders of the dock labourers' strike, to the funds of which a large sum was sent from Australia. Soon afterwards he had a disagreement with some of his fellow socialists, broke away, and for a time was assistant-editor of the Nineteenth Century. He stood as an independent candidate for the House of Commons at Aberdeen, but, though he polled fairly well, was defeated and soon afterwards went to Melbourne to find relief from illness, arriving on 12 August 1890. <mask> <mask> is regarded by some as the father of the Independent Labour Party. Historian Joseph Clayton wrote in 1926:

"When the first annual conference took place at Bradford in January 1893 and was seen to thrive, <mask> could write in The Labour Elector: 'We have created the ILP and set it on its legs.' "The boast has truth in it. For if any one man could say 'I created the ILP,' that man was <mask> <mask>.Others, and notably James Keir Hardie, are extolled as founders of the ILP..... Keir Hardie, Joseph Burgess, Robert Blatchford – were but midwives. The real father was H.H<mask>. And if <mask> has been pushed out of the scene, it is partly because he left England for Australia; and partly because, indifferent to fame, he was ambitious rather to get things done than to have the credit for the accomplished fact. "But <mask> is the man whom the student of history, writing without bias and without axe to grind on behalf of reputation for the living or the dead, without fear of foe or favour for friend, unswayed by personal predilection for the character of this man or the policy of that, will name as the real creator of the ILP. It was <mask> who discerned that the Socialist League with its non-parliamentary policy and Anarchist sympathies would never command the support of the British people, always strongly attached to parliamentary institutions; that the SDF in its devotion to the pure gospel of Marx made no appeal to Trade Unionists anxious for small but pressing changes that would better their condition; that Labour Electoral Associations in the control of Liberal Trade Unionists would accomplish nothing that would diminish the power of the Capitalist." Australia
<mask> <mask> emigrated to Australia in 1893 at the age of 34.In 1895 <mask> established a weekly paper the Champion which lasted until 1897, and he also published in Melbourne in 1895 The Root of the Matter, a series of dialogues on social questions, which gave moderate statement of the socialist position, but attracted little attention. <mask> could not, however, find his place in politics in Australia. He could not see eye to eye with the Australian Labor Party, and a statement, possibly made in haste, that this party consisted of lions led by asses did not help the position. He was a candidate for South Melbourne for the Victorian Legislative Assembly supported now by many at the Trades Hall; the campaign revolved round his personal reputation and he had the satisfaction of prosecuting Max Hirsch and extracting an apology and costs, however he lost the election. <mask> then settled down as a leader writer for The Age. His wife successfully conducted the Book Lovers' Library and Bookshop, and in connection with this <mask> published a monthly literary paper, the Book Lover, which ran 1899–1921. He also wrote occasionally for the Socialist and The Bulletin.He had a long period of ill-health before his death at Melbourne on 30 April 1928. He married Elsie Belle, sister of Vida Goldstein and daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Goldstein and Isabella Goldstein, who survived him. He had no children. <mask> interested himself in social movements, was a foundation member of the Anti-Sweating League, and he organized the first appeal which resulted in the foundation of the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women and Children. He also founded the Australasian authors' agency and published a few books with literary merit. Footnotes

Further reading
 John Barnes, "Gentleman Crusader: <mask> <mask> in the Early Socialist Movement," History Workshop Journal, no. 60 (Autumn 2005), pp.116–138. In JSTOR
 Geoffrey Serle, '<mask>, <mask> (1859–1928)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7, MUP, 1979, pp 603–605. 1859 births
1928 deaths
People educated at Marlborough College
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
English trade unionists
Australian people of English descent
Australian journalists
Social Democratic Federation members
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War
Members of the Fabian Society

masks:
Henry Hyde Champion
Champion
James Hyde Champion
Henry
Champion
Champion
Champion
Henry George
Champion
Henry Hyndman
Champion
Champion
Champion
Champion
Henry Hyde
Champion
Champion
Henry Hyde
Champion
. Champion
Champion
Champion
Champion
Henry Hyde
Champion
Champion
Champion
Champion
Champion
Champion
Henry Hyde
Champion
Champion
Henry Hyde


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<mask> "Red<mask> (August 10, 1885 – May 16, 1970) was a Texas Ranger during the 1920s. A native Texan, <mask> worked in various positions of law enforcement almost the entirety of his adult career. He is perhaps most well-known for his encounters with the Ku Klux Klan in October 1921. <mask> is also remembered for his involvement in busting bootlegging operations during Prohibition, and cleaning up crime in wild towns like Borger, Texas. Over the span of his 35-year career, <mask> became somewhat of a legend in the ranks of Texas law enforcement, and was inducted into the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame with its establishment in 1968. Early life

<mask> "Red" <mask> was born on August 10, 1885 in McLennan County, Texas. Red was the youngest son of <mask> (1854-1932; 78-years old) and Mary Alice Cubley (1856-1886; 29-years old).Red's parents were migrants to Texas from Mississippi and settled in the McLennan County region in the late 1870s. <mask> died within a year after <mask> was born. <mask> came from a large family, with 5 older siblings and 3 younger half siblings. His eldest brother William Robert <mask> was born in 1876 and died in 1910 (34 years old). His oldest and only fully related sister Laura Pearl <mask>oy and her twin brother John Carl <mask> were born in 1878. Laura Pearl died in 1933 (55 years old). John Carl died in 1912 at age 34.<mask> had two more brothers, Luther Milton <mask> (1880-1904; 24 years old) and Travis Henson <mask> (1883-1969; 86 years old). <mask>'s father remarried in 1888, two years after Alice died. He and his second wife Mollie Hudgins <mask> (1857-1943; 86 years old) had Red's three younger half-sisters together; <mask> Johnson (1891-1983; 92 years old ), <mask> Robertson (1895-1980; 85 years old), and <mask>, born in October 1893; she died less than two years later in August 1895. <mask>'s parents had settled on a farm between Mart and Waco, and his childhood was quick and tough. <mask> attended school when he could, but helped to run the family farm  doing chores, which kept him very preoccupied. However, he learned many useful traits that he later used in his career, including riding and shooting. After a typical upbringing for the area and time, <mask> started his own family at the age of eighteen.<mask> married Florence Mae Dill in Falls, Texas on August 19, 1903. Mae was a local 19-year-old girl and Red had just turned 18. Red was a lean, tall farm boy standing at 6'2 with a crop of sandy red hair and piercing blue eyes. They had two children together; Laura Mae <mask> was born in 1904. Their second child, Lula <mask>, was born in 1908. <mask> died in 1948 at the age of 64. Career in law enforcement

Early career
<mask> had a rough start to adulthood, and finding stable work was his biggest issue.“Without a dollar in the world” He bounced from job to job, taking whatever, he could. In 1905, he moved to Wortham with his wife and new baby and worked temporarily on a ranch. In 1913, <mask> returned to Waco now with 2 children and his wife, and using eight years’ worth of savings, bought a plot of land and started building a homestead. After buying the land, <mask> was without "money enough to buy... groceries". In 1913, <mask> signed up for the draft. World War I
Before the start of the World War I, <mask> was jobless and penniless. He spent a brief time pouring concrete for storm drains.When in 1914, <mask> applied for a job with the Cleveland Construction Company. He did this after determinedly telling his wife, "I'm going to work at somethin'. I don't know what it does, I don't care what it pays. I'm going to work". He was never penniless again. Within three weeks on the job, <mask> was promoted to foreman. He began to grow a reputation as a popular leader among his men.This newfound reputation helped <mask> when he decided to move jobs in 1917. As America was entering WWI, <mask> decided to take a job as foreman for The Grace Company. The company had been assigned by the United States government to build an airfield at Richfield, a few miles west of Waco. <mask> was there for only two and a half weeks when he was suddenly drafted to work for the Waco Police Department. Early law enforcement
<mask> accepted his new job and intended to stay on for six months before returning to his foreman position. He never went back. <mask> was kept busy; mostly directing traffic and controlling the newly arriving soldiers to camp MacArthur, outside Waco.The soldiers were causing problems with the townspeople, and it was <mask>'s responsibility to maintain the peace. After his first few months <mask> was reassigned to night patrol in the residential and outlying districts, which he did riding a motorcycle. <mask> continued learning more about "policing" until in 1919 he found himself in a moral dilemma. With the beginning of Prohibition in America, many police officers became "corrupt", rather than enforce the unpopular Eighteenth Amendment. However <mask> was never "on the take" like some of his colleagues, and attempts began to "get <mask> lined up". Despite all offers of money and promotion, <mask> remained loyal to the law and refused. In September 1919, <mask> was informed by his chief that he was being transferred back to a daytime schedule, "for the good of the department".This was because <mask> was effective at bringing in large quantities of contraband that usually arrived at night. Instead of staying on, <mask> replied: "Well sir, if I thought it was better for the department, I wouldn't say a word". Then he quit. <mask> was not unemployed long, for his reputation as a loyal lawman paid off. Sheriff Bob Buchanan of McLennan County heard of Red and offered him the position of deputy sheriff. It was over their shared opinions of law enforcement that the two men became good friends. It was while Red was deputy sheriff that his most famous story occurred.The Ku Klux Klan

On October 1, 1921, local members of the Ku Klux Klan began organizing a large rally to take place in Lorena. The Klan already had a strong presence in the Waco area, but neither <mask> or Buchanan were aware of the plans to convene in the town center of Lorena. Members had distributed flyers saying, "The Ku Klux Klan Will Parade Tonight At 8:30! ", but both officers had been preoccupied with crimes that had taken place in the nearby towns of Leroy and Mart. However, when both men returned to Waco, there were several townspeople from Lorena waiting in Buchanan's office. They brought with them a plea for Buchanan to help them deal with the Klan. Both men already knew the other was not a member of the Klan, and they already had a run in with them the 27 September 1921, when there was a particularly destructive rally in the town of Mart.After that event, Buchanan had asserted to <mask>, "if there is ever another parade in McLennan County while I am sheriff, I intend to find out who is responsible". And he kept to his word. So, the two men headed into the town of Lorena with the express intention of finding out who the leaders of the parade were. In the autumn evening, and estimated 15,000-20,000 people were out in the streets, waiting for events to begin. <mask> and Buchanan sought out the town officials. Buchanan had told them, "I think I'm entitled to know who's responsible for it, so if anything happens I know who to looks for". After some time passed, two McClennan county officials who knew Buchanan and <mask> claimed responsibility.However, many of the other Klan members disagreed with this agreement and tensions were quickly escalated. As the parade began, <mask> and Buchanan stood and confronted the first two men in front of the parade line, who were carrying a burning cross. Reportedly, Buchanan grabbed and threw the cross to the ground, flinging up the hood of one of the men saying, "I don't know you, but if I ever see your face again I will". Violence quickly ensued. A Klan member, later identified as a Waco policeman, struck Buchanan on the back of the head with either a blackjack or a billyclub. Buchanan was then shot while other Klan members began to attack <mask>. <mask> was able to get free from his assailants and take Buchanan to a Waco hospital, where the angry mob of Klansmen followed.<mask> was able to subdue the crowd. When the Klan began to gather again on the October 10, 1921, with the rumored intent to "kill <mask>", he performed his usual shift and defied their plans to kill him. Texas Rangers

After showing his courage and valor dealing with the Ku Klux Klan, <mask> was appointed a Texas Ranger in 1922 by Governor Pat Neff. As a Ranger <mask> was sent to the towns of Somerville and Borger, to clean up bootlegging and whiskey making operations. On August 25, 1923 Texas Rangers <mask> and R.D Shumate led a police raid on a large moonshining operation in Somervell County. He became instrumental in helping maintain the law of Prohibition in Texas during its thirteen years. Recounting one encounter with a bootlegger <mask> said, "the bootlegger started shooting.I returned the fire and they took him away to the Glen Rose funeral home". <mask>'s reputation was further boosted in Waco after he tracked down an axe murderer Roy Mitchell in 1923. After testifying for two young men in 1922, who were wrongfully convicted for the rape and murder of a girl, <mask> caught the real culprit a year later. He was then responsible for controlling the crowds of 5,000 people who attended one of the last legal hangings in Texas. <mask> continued his Ranger career for 11 years. Post-Texas Rangers
<mask>'s career as a Texas Ranger ended when “Ma” Ferguson disbanded the Rangers after winning election for Governor in 1933.In 1934 he became the chief of detectives for the Waco Police Department. In 1946 he was made chief of police.He served that position for the next four years and retire in 1951. <mask> died at the age of 84 on May 16, 1970 in Marlin, Fall County, Texas. He is buried in Riesel County. Legacy
<mask> was inducted into the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame with its establishment in 1968. Notes

1885 births
1970 deaths
Members of the Texas Ranger Division
People from Texas
American police chiefs

masks:
Marvin
" Burton
Burton
Burton
Red Burton
Marvin
Burton
John Fletcher Burton
Alice Burton
Marvin
Marvin
Burton
Burton Pif
Burton
Marvin
Burton
Burton
Marvin
Burton
Augusta Burton
Ruby Burton
Ellen Burton
Burton
Marvin
Marvin Burton
Burton
Burton Rogers
Alice Burton
Florence Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Marvin
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Red Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Red Burton
Burton
Burton
Marvin Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton


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<mask> is an American film director, artist, exhibition curator and writer. <mask> is known as the co-director of Beautiful Losers, a film that focuses on an art movement which includes artists such as Barry McGee, Margaret Kilgallen, Steven "Espo" Powers, Chris Johanson, Harmony Korine and Shepard Fairey. Early life
<mask> grew up in the San Fernando Valley near Los Angeles and started attending punk and mod shows in the mid 1980s. The artwork of this scene inspired him to seek a career that facilitated creativity and artistic creation. From high school, he was accepted to Pasadena's Art Center College of Design, but dropped out after only one semester. <mask> stated later "For me, art school seemed like a death sentence." Alleged Gallery
<mask> moved to New York City in 1989 and after a string of odd jobs, at the age of 21, he opened Alleged Gallery on Ludlow Street in the Lower East Side.The gallery would go on to exhibit the works of many young artists from the art, skateboarding, graffiti and fashion worlds. As writer Carlo McCormick wrote in Zing Magazine in 2001, "What Alleged really accomplished was a profound understanding of the moment at hand. The ground zero of the zeitgeist where there is no substantive difference between any creative medium- and a way of translating and articulating this opaque ephemeral vernacular into a concrete visual language..." Alleged Gallery eventually grew to have branches in New York City and Tokyo. During this time <mask> also held a job at MTV Networks producing and directing on-air promos. In 2005, he published Young Sleek and Full of Hell with Drago. The book is based on the Alleged Gallery and the 1990s underground art scene in New York where he collected visuals and testimony from over 100 artists including Mark Gonzales, Ed Templeton, Thomas Campbell, Phil Frost, Spike Jonze, Sofia Coppola, Sonic Youth, Terry Richardson. Beautiful Losers
<mask> was co-curator of the Beautiful Losers touring art exhibit, and edited the collected art book—released by Iconoclast and Distributed Art Publishers in 2004—featuring the work and artists of the tour.The exhibition toured the world through 2009. He is also a director of the award-winning feature documentary film Beautiful Losers, which premiered at the 2008 SXSW Film Festival. The film was released theatrically in November, 2008. Film career
In 2009, After the release of Beautiful Losers, <mask> directed a short-form documentary called Become a Microscope - 90 Statements on Sister Corita, with original music by Money Mark and Becky Stark. The 22 minute film tells the story of Sister Mary Corita, the California nun who was also a political artist. In 2010 he completed "Portraits of Braddock", for IFC (Independent Film Channel). A television movie following the trials and tribulations of a small Pennsylvania steel town, and its young mayor, John Fetterman.<mask> also directed "Pendarvia", a short documentary on the musical group The Decemberists which was released January, 2011. In 2019 he directed a short documentary Hamburger Eyes which focuses on a tight-knit community of street photographers in San Francisco dedicated to capturing both the unseen and iconic moments of everyday life. He has also directed numerous short films and commercials for television. He is currently working on his first feature film. In America, <mask> is signed as a director with the Los Angeles production company The Directors Bureau which was founded by Roman Coppola and Mike Mills and also represents Wes Anderson, Melodie McDaniel, and Sofia Coppola. He is also represented by Iconoclast in Germany. In 2009, he worked as a creative director at Wieden+Kennedy to help create WKE (WKEntertainment), a content-driven entertainment channel and production house.At WKE, <mask> was the producer of numerous television projects including Califunya, D.I.Y. America, and Don't Move Here, which he also directed. Curatorial/Fine Art practice
<mask> was an associate curator along with Roger Gastman and Jeffrey Deitch on the museum exhibition "Art in the Streets" which opened at the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art (MoCA) in April 2011. In early 2016, <mask> co-founded The Conversation, a multi-media art space in Berlin along with curator/gallerist Johann Haehling von Lanzenauer. The project is a progressive gallery space, where concepts in all mediums can come to fruition through a diverse and talented international group of creative protagonists. As an offshoot of this project, <mask> established La Rosa Social Club. Conceived as a touring art bar, created by artists, and considered as a social sculpture, the project has been realized in Los Angeles, Sydney and Berlin and continues tour the world.As a visual artist, <mask> has exhibited internationally including Hope Gallery (Los Angeles), Postmasters (New York), Supreme (New York), Colette (Paris), and Dover Street Market (London). He is currently represented by Circleculture Gallery in Berlin. In 2009 <mask> was chosen to create a signature shoe model for DC Shoes based on his artwork. He has also created clothing designs for Uniqlo, Nike, FACT and Shepard Fairey's Subliminal brand as well as other boutique apparel collaborations. Make Something!! <mask> is also the co-founder of Make Something! !, a non-profit 501c3 art education program for teens.Each Make Something!! workshop is about teaching young people to use their own ingenuity and available resources to get something done. The program believes that creativity and self-expression are skills necessary in all factions of life and promotes a community of support to face challenges together. Working with a small team, the program has partnered with school districts in Los Angeles, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Melbourne and Miami, now having held over fifty creative workshops in cities worldwide,

Writing and publishing
In late 2011, he co-authored (with Brian Roettinger and Mandy Kahn) "Collage Culture: Examining the 21st Century Identity Crisis," a book of criticism published by Swiss company JRP-Ringier. <mask>'s essay for the book, titled "The Death of Subculture" has been described as an impassioned call to arms, urging the next generation of artists to end the collage era by adopting a philosophy of creative innovation. <mask>'s publishing imprint Alleged Press has released books featuring the art of Ari Marcopoulos, Ed Templeton, Mike Mills, Barry McGee, Chris Johanson, and Gusmano Cesaretti. He is also co-editor of ANP Quarterly, a free arts magazine published by RVCA.<mask>'s journalism writings have been published in Index, i-D, Dazed and Confused, Purple, Self Service, L'Officiel Hommes, Kaleidoscope, Flash Art, and numerous artist monographs and exhibition catalogs. Official Website
Collage Culture Official Website
CULTS Exhibition Circle Culture Gallery Berlin (2013)
"School sucks": arts maverick <mask> on why teens should get creative, Inbedwith Magazine, july 2015

1969 births
Living people
Art Center College of Design alumni
Date of birth missing (living people)
Film directors from Oregon
Television commercial directors
Wieden+Kennedy people
Writers from Portland, Oregon

masks:
Aaron Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Aaron Rose


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<mask> (born 19 January 1983) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Greek club Panarkadikos. Club career

Argentina
<mask> started his career with Colón in 2002. He suffered a serious knee injury (cruciate ligament) in 2004. Having lost his place on the first team, after his rehabilitation he was loaned out in January 2005 to Club Libertad of Paraguay, where he had the opportunity to participate at the Copa Libertadores 2005, scoring twice during his team's unsuccessful effort in Group 1. After his loan spell in Club Libertad, he returned in June 2005 to Argentina, to play on loan for Olimpo de Bahía Blanca, a Primera B Nacional team. During his stay there he managed to score 46 times in 90 games, helping his team win the Primera B Nacional and the promotion to Primera División and being the top scorer in both the Apertura 2006 (18 goals) and the Clausura 2007 (11 goals). In summer 2007, he rejoined Colón.AEK Athens
He did not stay with Colon for long; on 10 August 2007 <mask> joined AEK Athens on loan. He got his first appearance in an UEFA Cup match against Red Bull Salzburg on 20 September 2007. He then debuted in the Superleague Greece against Atromitos and scored twice leading AEK Athens to a 2–0 win. <mask>'s first goal in a European competition occurred on 13 February 2007 against Getafe with a back flick in the 94th minute to end the game as a 1–1 draw. <mask> finished top scorer in the 2007–08 Superleague Greece having scored 19 goals in 28 games (he scored once more during his six playoff apps). His performances led AEK Athens to announce the activation of the clause in his contract on 28 April 2008. <mask> started his second season in AEK scoring the winning goal via a penalty against Panathinaikos in the year's first derby match.<mask> also stated to the press that he does not want to leave AEK and wants to be playing for many years in Greece. <mask> scored his first Greek Cup goal against Chaidari. <mask> finished top scorer in the 2008–09 Superleague Greece having scored 14 goals in 30 games (plus three goals at six playoff games). <mask>'s third season at AEK wasn't as successful as the previous years as he scored only 13 goals all season, (eight in the league, four in Europe, one in playoffs). In his fourth season he scored 15 goals in all competitions. His first goals came in the 5–1 win against Panthrakikos F.C. for the Greek Cup, in which <mask> scored his first hat-trick.He scored also game winner against arch rivals Olympiakos in the 90th minute (he came in the game as a substitution). <mask> decided not to renew his contract with AEK and not to accept the proposal of AEK and he was released to a free agent. <mask> promised that if ever returned in Greece that would be only to wear AEK Athens' colours. San Luis
On 18 August 2011, <mask> was signed by Mexican club San Luis. He managed to score two goals in 15 appearances for the Mexican League. Legia Warsaw
The 29-year-old cut short a spell in Europe with AEK to move to Mexican side San Luis last summer, but has quickly headed back to Europe. <mask> was highly rated back in 2007 when AEK snapped him up from Club Atletico Colon; the striker had enjoyed impressive spells on loan with Libertad and Olimpico.The striker will now hope to pick up his success in Europe with Polish outfit Legia Warsaw. On 24 February 2012, <mask> was signed by Polish club Legia Warsaw until 30 June 2012 with an option of extending to another season. Legia managed to win the Polish Cup of that season. He was released on 15 May 2012 as he did not fulfil the club's expectations, having only scored two goals in the Polish Cup. 1860 Munich
After leaving Legia Warsaw, <mask> signed for TSV 1860 Munich, as well as his former AEK Athens' teammate Grigoris Makos. He did not fulfill the expectations of the club, not finding the net in 13 caps for the 2. Bundesliga.Return to South America
In February 2013, <mask> returned to his homeland, Argentina to join Lanús. He was given his favourite number, "18" On 16 June, <mask> scored twice against River Plate in a 5–1 victory. He scored five goals in 16 appearances for the 2013 Torneo Final and Lanús took the third place. On 17 August 2014 <mask> signed a two years' contract for Barcelona SC an Ecuadorian sports club based in Guayaquil. The total amount of transfer is estimated to €2.9 million. On 22 August 2016, he rejoined Colón. On 11 August 2017, he joined Atlético Tucumán.Egaleo
In January 2020, he joined Greek club Egaleo in the Football League, who compete in the Greek third tier. <mask> previously played for Club Atlético Mitre in the Argentine second division where he scored three goals in 11 matches last season. He did not renew his contract with the Argentine club and decided to return to Greece at the age of 37. Celebration
On 26 September 2007, in a match against Veria, after putting AEK Athens in front, <mask> revealed a Zorro mask from his sock and drew a big Z in the air celebrating the winning goal. He kept doing so from time to time though referees usually punished him with a yellow card. As a result, he gained the nickname "Zorro" by the fans. Personal life
<mask> is of Egyptian descent.He is the oldest brother of Sebastián <mask>. Career statistics

Honours

Olimpo
 Nacional B: 2006 Apertura, 2007 Clausura

AEK Athens
Greek Cup:  2010–11 ; runner-up: 2008–09
Sydney Festival of Football:  2010

Legia Warsaw
Polish Cup: 2011–12

Lanús
Copa Sudamericana: 2013

Barcelona SC
Ecuadorian Serie A Finalist: 2014

Atletico Tucuman
Copa Argentina runner-up: 2017–18

Individual
 Nacional B Top goalscorer: 2006 Apertura, 2007 Clausura
 Best foreign player of Greek Super League: 2007–2008
 Super League Grecce Top goalscorer: 2007–08, 2008–09
Greek Cup Top goalscorer: 2008–09 , 2010–11

References

External links

Soccerway Profile

Living people
1984 births
Argentine people of Egyptian descent
Argentine footballers
Egyptian footballers
Argentine expatriate footballers
Sportspeople from Entre Ríos Province
Association football forwards
AEK Athens F.C. players
Club Atlético Colón footballers
Barcelona S.C. footballers
Club Libertad footballers
Olimpo footballers
San Luis F.C. players
Legia Warsaw players
TSV 1860 Munich players
Club Atlético Lanús footballers
Atlético Tucumán footballers
Expatriate footballers in Ecuador
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Expatriate footballers in Paraguay
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Paraguay
Expatriate footballers in Mexico
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate footballers in Poland
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Egaleo F.C. players
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Argentine Primera División players
Paraguayan Primera División players
Primera Nacional players
Super League Greece players
Liga MX players
Ekstraklasa players
2. Bundesliga players
Ecuadorian Serie A players

masks:
Ismael Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
Blanco
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<mask> (23 March 1876 – 25 October 1924) was a Turkish sociologist, writer, poet, and politician. After the 1908 Young Turk Revolution that reinstated constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire, he adopted the pen name <mask> ("sky hero"), which he retained for the rest of his life. As a sociologist, <mask> was influential in the negation of Islamism, pan-Islamism, and Ottomanism as ideological, cultural, and sociological identifiers. In a 1936 publication, sociologist Niyazi Berkes described <mask> as "the real founder of Turkish sociology, since he was not a mere translator or interpreter of foreign sociology." <mask>'s work was particularly influential in shaping the reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; his influence figured prominently in the development of Kemalism, and its legacy in the modern Republic of Turkey. Influenced by contemporary European thought, particularly by the sociological view of Émile Durkheim, <mask> rejected Ottomanism and Islamism in favor of Turkish nationalism. He advocated a Turkification of the Ottoman Empire, by promoting Turkish language and culture to all Ottoman citizenry.He found Greeks, Armenians and Jews to be a foreign body in the national Turkish state. His thought, which popularized Pan-Turkism and Turanism, has been described as a "cult of nationalism and modernization". His nationalist ideals espoused a de-identification with Ottoman Turkey's nearby Arab neighbors, in lieu of a supernational Turkish (or pan-Turkic) identity with "a territorial Northeast-orientation [to] Turkic peoples". Early life
Mehmet <mask> was born in Diyarbakır of the Ottoman Empire on 23 March 1876 to Muhammad Tefvik Bey and Zeliha Hanım. He was the second son of the family. He was of Kurdish origin, however, <mask> denied his Kurdish roots. His father was an Ottoman bureaucrat and responsible for publishing the Salname of Diyarbakır.He had a close relationship with his uncle, who would have liked to have seen <mask> marry his daughter. His uncle was religious and opposed <mask>'s interactions with Abdullah Cevdet, who was an atheist. Diyarbakır was a "cultural frontier", having been ruled by Arabs and Persians until the 16th century, and featuring "conflicting national traditions" among the local populations of Turks, Kurds, and Armenians. This cultural environment has often been suggested to have informed his sense of national identity; later in his life, when political detractors suggested that he was of Kurdish extraction, <mask> responded that while he was certain of patrilineal Turkish racial heritage, this was insignificant:  "I learned through my sociological studies that nationality is based solely on upbringing." <mask> attempted suicide in early 1895 after an existential crisis caused by his discovery of materialism. Cevdet, who was a doctor, rescued him, which he would lament later as Gökalp became a Turkist ideologue. After attending primary and secondary education in Diyarbakır, he settled in Istanbul, in 1895.There, he attended veterinary school and became involved in underground revolutionary nationalist politics for which he served ten months in prison. He developed relationships with many figures of the revolutionary underground in this period, abandoned his veterinary studies, and became a member of the underground revolutionary group, the Society of Union and Progress (CUP). Career
The revolutionary currents of Constantinople at the time were extremely varied; the unpopularity of the Abdul Hamid II regime had by this time awakened diverse revolutionary sentiment in Constantinople. He inaugurated the first CUP office in Diyarbakır in July 1908. In September 1909 he moved to Selanik, where he became a member of the CUP Central Committee in 1910. There he cofounded a literary and cultural journal, Genç Kalemler. While residing in Salonika, Talaat Pasha was often a guest in his house, where they delved into political discussions.It was also during his stay in Selanik that he began using the penname <mask> and his future role within the CUP was to be determined. In 1912, he moved back to Constantinople, as did the CUP. After World War I, he was arrested for his involvement in the Committee of Union and Progress and exiled to Malta for two years between 1919 and 1921. While exiled on Malta, he continued to write and consolidate his ideas and drafted his Principles of Turkism, published in 1923. He returned to Turkey in the spring of 1921, but was not given back his chair at the University of Istanbul. He settled in his hometown of Diyarbakır where he taught sociology and psychology at a secondary school and teacher's seminary. He began publishing a small weekly newsletter, Küçük Mecmua, which slowly became influential and led to contributions in the major daily newspapers of Istanbul and Ankara.At the end of 1922, <mask> was invited to direct the department of publication and translation at the Ministry of Education. He was selected to serve as a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey until his death in 1924, and he served on the Committee for Education which reformed the school system, curriculum and textbooks according to his guidance. His emphasized that education provided should include Turkism, Modernism and Islamism. Besides Turkish culture and language, he advocated for the inclusion of Persian and Arabic language, the Quran and mathematics, physics and some European languages in the curriculum. Additionally, he participated in the drafting of the 1924 constitution. <mask> <mask> was the owner of land which included 5 villages in the northeast of Diyarbakır. Death
He died on 25 October 1924 in Istanbul, where he went to rest after a short illness in 1924.Ideology
<mask>'s work, in the context of the decline of the Ottoman Empire, was instrumental in the development of Turkish national identity, which he himself referred to even then as Turkishness. He believed that a nation must have a "shared consciousness" in order to survive, that "the individual becomes a genuine personality only as he becomes a genuine representative of his culture". He believed that a modern state must become homogeneous in terms of culture, religion, and national identity. This conception of national identity was augmented by his belief in the primacy of Turkishness, as a unifying virtue. In a 1911 article, he suggested that "Turks are the 'supermen' imagined by the German philosopher Nietzsche".His major sociological work was interested in differentiating Avrupalılık ("Europeanism", the mimicking of Western societies) and Modernlik ("Modernity", taking initiative); he was interested in Japan as a model in this, for what he perceived to be its having modernized without abandoning its innate cultural identity. Gökalp suggested that to subordinate "culture" (non-utilitarianism, altruism, public-spiritedness) to "civilization" (utilitarianism, egoism, individualism) was to doom a state to decline:  "civilization destroyed societal solidarity and morality". Informed by his reading of Émile Durkheim, <mask> concluded that Western liberalism, as a social system, was inferior to solidarism, because liberalism encouraged individualism, which in turn diminished the integrity of the state.Durkheim, whose work Gökalp himself translated into Turkish, perceived religion as a means of unifying a population socially, and even "religion as society's worship of itself". Durkheim's assertion that the life of the group was more important than the life of the individual, this was a concept readily adopted by Gökalp. A well-known newspaper columnist and political figure, Gökalp was a primary ideologue of the Committee of Union and Progress. His views of "nation", and the ways in which they have informed the development of the modern Turkish state, have made for a controversial legacy. Many historians and sociologists have suggested that his brand of nationalism contributed to the Armenian genocide. His conception of nation was of a "social solidarity" that necessitated "cultural unity". "Geographic nationalism", in which everyone living under one political system was a part of the nation, was unacceptable to Gökalp, who conceived of a nation as linguistically and culturally unified.Finally, merely to believe one was a part of a nation, this was not enough, either; one cannot choose to belong to the nation, in his view, as membership in the nation is involuntary. The Principles of Turkism
His 1923 The Principles of Turkism, published just a year prior to his death, outlines the expansive nationalist identity he had long popularized in his teachings and poetry. The nationalism he espouses entails "a nation [that] is not a racial or ethnic or geographic or political or volitional group but one composed of individuals who share a common language, religion, morality, and aesthetics, that is to say, who have received the same education." He proceeds to lay out the three echelons of pan-Turkist identity that he envisions:
 the Turks in the Republic of Turkey, a nation according to cultural and other criteria;
 the Oghuz Turks, referring also to the Turkmens of Azerbaijan, Iran and Khwarizm who... essentially have one common culture which is the same as that of the Turks of Turkey—all these four forming Oghuzistan;
 more distant, Turkic-speaking peoples, such as the Yakuts, Kirghiz, Uzbeks, Kipchaks and Tatars, possessed of a traditional linguistic and ethnic unity, having affinity—but not identity—with the Turkish culture. The second stage was "Oghuzism", and the final stage would be the "Turanism" that he and other nationalist poets had been promoting since before World War I. While this broad conception of "Turkishness", of pan-Turkism, often embraced what <mask> perceived to be ethnic commonality, he did not disparage other races, as some of his pan-Turkist successors later did. Sufism

Alp Eren Topal, a scholar from Bilkent University, while trying to showcase the originality of Gökalp, and not as someone who only "repeated" European ideas, also talks of the much-neglected influence of Sufism on the thinker : being "a big influence throughout his education and growth", he lauded its "military" lexicon and came to admire the solidarity found in the Sufi orders, "particularly the Naqshbandiyya", which not only had spiritual influence, but also a role in the modernization of the Ottoman Empire, while he also appreciated the metaphysics of medieval Andalusian thinker Ibn 'Arabi, saying that his idealism, as system of thought, was superior to that of George Berkeley or Immanuel Kant - who, he says, recycled ideas already known to Ibn 'Arabi, but without taking them too far -, and, far from being "Gnosticism-mysticism or pantheism", his ideas were pretty contemporary, resonating with those of moderns like Alfred Fouillée, Jean-Marie Guyau, Nietzsche, and William James, concluding that "in all its progression idealist philosophy has not surpassed 'Arabî’s absolute and perfect idealism."Poetic works
In addition to his sociological and political career, <mask> was also a prolific poet. His poetic work served to complement and popularize his sociological and nationalist views. In style and content, it revived a sense of pre-Islamic Turkish identity. The protagonist in his Kızılelma, the "ideal woman", suggests:  "The people is like a garden, / we are supposed to be its gardeners! / First the bad shoots are to be cut / and then the scion is to be grafted." She is the teacher at Yeni Hayat ("New Life"), where Eastern and Western ideals meet and form a "new Turkish World". His poetry departs from his more serious sociological works, though it too harnesses nationalist sentiment: "Run, take the standard and let it be planted once again in Plevna / Night and day, let the waters of the Danube run red with blood...." Perhaps his most famous poem was his 1911 Turan, which was first published in Genç Kalemler and served to complement his Turanist intellectual output:  "For the Turks, Fatherland means neither Turkey, nor Turkestan; Fatherland is a large and eternal country--Turan!"During the First World War, his Kızıl Destan ("Red Epic") called for destroying Russia in the interest of pan-Turkism. Legacy
<mask> <mask> has been characterized as "the father of Turkish nationalism", and even "the Grand Master of Turkism". His thought figured prominently in the political landscape of the Republic of Turkey, which emerged from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire around the time of his death. His influence resonated in diverse ways. For instance, his Principles of Turkism had contended that Ottoman classical music was Byzantine in origin; this led to the state briefly banning Ottoman classical music from the radio in the 1930s, because Turkish folk music alone "represented the genius of the nation". For popularizing pan-Turkism and Turanism, <mask> has been viewed alternately as being racist and expansionist, and anti-racist and anti-expansionist. These opposite readings of his legacy are not easily divisible into proponents and detractors, as nationalist elements in Turkey (such as the "Nationalist Action Party") have appropriated his work to contend that he supported a physical realization of Turanism, rather than a mere ideological pan-Turkist kinship.Some readings of Gökalp contend, to the contrary, that his Turanism and pan-Turkism were linguistic and cultural models, ideals from which a post-Ottoman identity could be derived, rather than a militant call for the physical expansion of the Republic of Turkey. Although he often held quite different ideas, Arab nationalist Sati al-Husri was profoundly influenced by Gökalp. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk has said “Father of my meat and bones is Ali Riza Efendi and father of my thought is <mask> Gökalp." <mask>'s opinion of the Armenian genocide was that "there was no Armenian massacre, there was a Turkish-Armenian arrangement. They stabbed us in the back, we stabbed them back". This view was widely held among the Young Turks. The house where he was born has been converted into the Ziya Gökalp Museum in 1956.Works
Principles of Turkism
History of Turkish Civilization
Kızılelma (poems)
Turkism, Islamism and Modernism
History of Kurdish Tribes (Kürt Aşiretleri Hakkında Sosyolojik Tetkikler)

References

Further reading
 Turkay Salim Nefes '<mask> <mask>'s adaptation of Emile Durkheim's sociology in his formulation of the modern Turkish nation' International Sociology May 2013 vol. 28 no. 3 335–350. Taha Parla: The social and political thought of <mask> Gökalp : 1876 – 1924. Leiden 1985
 Mihran Dabag: Jungtürkische Visionen und der Völkermord an den Armeniern, in: Dabag / Platt: Genozid und Moderne (Band 1), Opladen 1998. Katy Schröder: Die Türkei im Schatten des Nationalismus. Hamburg, 2003, , S. 50–54
 Alexander Safarian: <mask> Gökalp on National Education, "Iran and the Caucasus", vol.8.2, Brill, Leiden - Boston, 2004, pp.219–229. External links

1876 births
1924 deaths
People from Çermik
Writers of the Ottoman Empire
Scientists of the Ottoman Empire
Sociologists of the Ottoman Empire
Malta exiles
Pan-Turkists
Istanbul University alumni
Turanists
Young Turks
Deputies of Diyarbakır
Turkish nationalists
Turkish magazine founders

masks:
Mehmet Ziya Gökalp
Gökalp
Ziya Gökalp
Gökalp
Gökalp
Gökalp
Ziya
Ziya
Ziya
Ziya
Gökalp
Gökalp
Gökalp
Gökalp
Ziya
Gökalp
Gökalp
Gökalp
Gökalp
Gökalp
Ziya
Gökalp
Gökalp
Ziya
Gökalp
Ziya
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Ziya
Ziya


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<mask>-Gillani (السيد طاهر علاؤ الدين الجيلاني البغدادي) (11 July 1932 – 7 June 1991) formally referred to as His Holiness, Qudwatul Awliya Naqeeb ul Ashraaf Hazoor Pir <mask>i, was a Sufi Saint who lived in the twentieth century and was the head of the Qadiriyya Baghdadia Spiritual Tariqa. He was the custodian of the Shrine of Ghous-e-Azam Abdul-Qadir Gilani and has been accepted by many as a reformer of Sufism. Born in Baghdad on 18 June 1932, he traced his lineage by seventeen steps to Abdul-Qadir Gilani and 28 steps to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In 1956, Al-Gillani left Baghdad and migrated to Pakistan, where he settled permanently in Quetta. He stayed in Pakistan until the end of his life. He went to Germany for medical treatment May 1991, and died the following month. He was buried in Lahore, Pakistan.He had three sons, AlSyed Mahmood Mohyuddin Al-Gillani Al-Qadri, AlSyed Abdul Qadir Jamaluddin Al-Gillani Al-Qadri and AlSyed Muhammad Ziauddin Al-Gillani Al-Qadri, who propagate the teachings of Silsilah e Qadiriyya Tahiria. Background and education
Al-Gillani came from an Iraqi family who are the custodians of the mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir Gilani. He is the youngest of the six sons of Naqeeb-ul-Ashraaf  Mahmood Hussamuddin al-Gillani al-Qadri. His grandfather, Naqeeb-ul-Ashraaf Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani, was the first Prime Minister of Iraq (11 November 1920 – 20 November 1922) following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. The current Custodian of the Shrine of Abdul-Qadir Gilani is his elder-brother, Naqib ul Ashraaf AlSyed Ahmed Zafar Al-Gillani, who also served as the ambassador of Iraq in Pakistan from 1978 until 1992. As a child, Al-Gillani would spend the entire night alone in seclusion at the shrine of his ancestor Shaykh Abdul Qadir Gilani. He received his spiritual training and mentoring directly from his father Naqeeb-ul-Ashraaf Alsyed Mahmood Hussamuddin AlGillani Al-Qadri, who was a Sufi and the custodian of the mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir Gilani.Al-Gillani completed his other traditional religious studies at the  Madrassa of Syed Sultan Ali in Baghdad, where he studied under scholars of Iraq including Syed Ali Afridi, Qasim alQaise, Khalil ar-Ravee and the Grand Mufti of Iraq. Migration
In 1956, Al-Gillani left the city of Baghdad and migrated to Pakistan after receiving spiritual orders from Abdul Qadir Gilani. Al-Gillani first completed 40 days seclusion (Chilla) at the Shrine of the Sufi saint Data Ganj Baksh Ali Hujwiri in Lahore. He then settled in Quetta, where he established the Darbar-e-Ghousia religious school. In honour of Al-Gilani's presence, the government of Balochistan renamed the road to Al-Gillani Road. Darbar-e-Ghousia became the official headquarters of Tariqa Qadiria in the sub-continent and is still run by the sons of Al-Gillani. He received a personal visit from President General Ayub Khan, to welcome him to Pakistan.General Ayub Khan pledged Baith (Oath of Allegiance) in the Qadiriyya Tariqa at the hands of Al-Gillani. Al-Gillani was visited by presidents, politicians, tribal leaders and religious scholars for his prayers, advice and guidance. Pakistani President Zia ul Haq is also known to have had both pledged Baith on Al-Gillani's hands, whilst leaders such as President Saddam Hussein, the Sultan of Brunei, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Mian Nawaz Shareef, would visit him or stay in contact. Life sketch

Following in the footsteps of his ancestor Abdul Qadir Gilani, Al-Gillani spent the majority of his life in spiritual retreat (khalwah) and undertaking spiritual exercises (mujāhidah). There is little known about Al-Gillani's life as he would strictly forbid his followers from writing about him. Al-Gillani was very strict in adherence to the laws of Shariah and Tariqah, and until he died he worked tirelessly at propagating the teachings of his ancestor Abdul Qadir Gilani and the other Mashaikh of the Qadiriyya path. He encouraged Islamic Unity and would often speak out against acts which were considered bad innovations and rituals that had crept inside Tassawuf

Since a young age, he began touring across the world for propagating Islam and the teachings of Tariqa Qadiria.His visits included Saudi Arabia, India, Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Germany, Egypt, Canada, Indonesia, Singapore, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sri Lanka and the Persian Gulf countries. During Al-Gillani's visit of Ceylon in 1958, he established a care-home in Ceylon for needy and orphaned children. When Al-Gillani visited India in 1952, he visited the city of Bareilly on the invitation of Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri, the Grand Mufti of India. When Al-Gillani reached Bareilly, his car was lifted by the hundreds of thousands of devotees and carried to the residence of Mufti Mustafa Raza Khan. It is reported that Mufti Mustafa Raza Khan was so respectful of Al-Gillani that he remained barefoot for the duration of his stay and would stand to serve him. On this occasion, Maulana Mustafa Raza Khan also made several of his family members pledge Baith on the hands of Al-Gillani including the later Grand Mufti of India Mufti Akhtar Raza Khan. During this visit to India, Al-Gillani  was visited by the heads of major Sufi Tariqas situated here, including Abdul Qadeer Badayuni Qadri and Muhammad Abdul Qadeer Siddiqi Qadri.In the 1960s, Al-Gillani was invited to the city of Faisalabad by the grand scholar of Pakistan Muhadith e Azam e Pakistan Maulana Sardar Ahmed Qadri to attend the opening ceremony of Jamia Amjadia Rizvia. To welcome Al-Gillani and for his protocol, Maulana Sardar Ahmed Qadri arranged for rolls of white silk to be spread the entire journey from his madrasah to the Railway Station. It is reported that a small spot had been left uncovered near the door of the madrasah and Maulana Sardar Ahmed Qadri kneeled down and used his own beard to sweep this area clean. After a three-storey stage was erected, Al-Gillani was seated at the top and covered in rose petals, and Maulana Sardar Ahmed Qadri and other sheikhs sat beneath his feet on the second storey and Maulana Sardar Ahmed placed his own sons and students on the last level. At the conclusion of the gathering, the crowds were uncontrollable as they rushed in the hope of meeting or touching Al-Gilani so Maulana Sardar Ahmed ordered for a side wall had to be demolished so Al-Gillani could leave safely. Al-Gillani would be invited as main guest to conferences and events, being held both nationally and internationally. These include the International Khatm e Nabuwat Conference held at Minar e Pakistan, the inauguration of Minhaj-ul-Quran International held at Lahore in 1984, the International Minhaj-ul-Quran Conference held at Lahore in 1987, the Al-Hejaz Conference held in London and the historic International Minhaj ul Quran Conference held at Wembley Arena, London in 1988

Marriage and children
Al-Gillani married the Princess of Kalat Princess Munawar Sultan – the daughter of Khan-e-Azzam Mir Ahmad Yaar Khan of Kalat.From this marriage, <mask> <mask> Al-Qadri Al-Gillani has three Sons and Three Daughters. AlSyed Mahmood Mohyuddin Al-Gillani (born 14 July 1968)
 AlSyed Abdul Qadir Jamaluddin Al-Gillani (born on 4 June 1969)
 AlSyed Muhammad Ziauddin Al-Gillani (born on 28 May 1976)

Children
The three sons follow in the footsteps of their father and ancestors and have devoted their lives for the propagation of Tariqa e Qadiriah. For this purpose, they visit places across Pakistan and beyond and administer Baith in Silsilah e Qadiria Tahiria. The eldest son, AlSyed Mahmood Mohyuddin Al-Gillani was born on 14 July 1968. He has three sons; AlSyed <mask> Hussamuddin Al-Gillani, AlSyed Abdur Rehman Saifuddin Al-Gillani and AlSyed Ahmed Nooruddin Al-Gillani. AlSyed Mahmood Mohyuddin Al-Gillani has devoted his time to the spiritual training and welfare of his followers. He has a circle of tens of thousands of followers across the world and annually on occasions such as Laylatul Qadar, thousands of people visit the shrine of Al-Gillani in Lahore to pledge baith on his hands.The middle son, AlSyed Abdul Qadir Jamaluddin Al-Gillani was born on 4 June 1969. He has one son, Yahya Shamsuddin Al-Gillani who was born on 22 February 2010. He completed his M.A in English and Foreign Affairs and is a Minister of the National Assembly (MNA). He travels across Pakistan and the rest of the world for propagating the teachings of Tariqa Qadiria. AlSyed Abdul Qadir Jamaluddin Al-Gillani has a circle of followers across the world, who visit him for his prayers, help and guidance. People from all walks of life flock to the official family residence in Karachi (Al-Gilani House), to see him and pledge baith at his hands. The youngest son, AlSyed Muhammad Ziauddin A-Gillani was born on 28 May 1976.He has one son, AlSyed <mask> <mask> Al-Gillani who was born on 12 June 2008. He has completed his M.A in Pakistani Studies in addition to gaining a LLB. AlSyed Muhammad Ziauddin Al-Gillani spends most of his time in Khalwa (Spiritual Seclusion) at Quetta, but from time to time tours overseas for the propagation of Tariqa e Qadiria. He also has a large circle of devotees across the world. Spiritual deputies
In 2007, Al-Gillani's Son AlSyed Muhammad Ziauddin Al-Qadri Al-Gillani inaugurated Darbar-e-Ghousia Qadiria Tahiria in Bradford, England. This Darbar is run under the guidance of Syed Khalid <mask> Qadri (Sajjada Nasheen Darbar-e-Ghousia Qadiria Tahiria UK) after receiving approval from all three sons of Al-Gillani. Syed Khalid <mask> Qadri is one of the closest students of Al-Gilani and has received his spiritual training and authorisation directly from him.He began serving Al-Gilani at a young age, and was appointed as personal tutor to AlSyed Muhammad Ziauddin Al-Qadri Al-Gillani during his childhood. Syed Khalid <mask> is the only representative of al-Gillani in the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States. In 2011, AlSyed Muhammad Ziauddin Al-Qadri Al-Gillani visited Bradford for a second occasion, where he presided over a conference that has been held annually by Syed Khalid <mask> to commemorate the death anniversary of his Shaykh AlSyed <mask> <mask> Al-Gillani During this visit, he also visited Darbar-e-Ghousia Qadiria Tahiria UK and the residence of Syed Khalid <mask>. Works
Al-Gillani authored books during his stay in Pakistan. Some of his books are:
 Mahboob Subhani
 Tuhfa <mask>ia Aowrad Al-Qadria
 Ghous Al Azam (English)
 Shajrah
 Ziaraat Muqamaat Muqadassa
 Tazkarah-e-Qadriah  (Urdu and Pushto)
 Wazaif-e-Qadriah (Urdu)
 Nimaz Book (Urdu)

See also
Abdul-Qadir Gilani
Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani
Islamic scholars

References

External links
Official website of Silsilah Qadria Baghdad

Islamic philosophers
Muslim reformers
Sufi poets
1932 births
1991 deaths
Iraqi Sufis
Pakistani Sufis
People from Baghdad
Iraqi emigrants to Pakistan
People from Quetta
20th-century Islamic religious leaders
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
20th-century Pakistani poets
20th-century Pakistani philosophers

masks: Syedna Tahir Allauddin alGillani alQadri alBaghdad