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 Mu Tipo, and Han, was expelled from the central government over his attempt to impose a reform regime to streamline the government and reduce expenses. He would not return, and after his departure, the government became even more inefficient than before. Further, also during the campaign, <mask> became suspicious of his cousin <mask> (高長恭) the Prince of Lanling, a capable general, and poisoned <mask> to death. Also during the Chen attack, another major wrongful massacre was carried out at <mask>'s orders. <mask> was intending to visit the secondary capital Jinyang (晉陽, in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), which he and his predecessors did on a regular basis. The senior officials Cui Jishu (崔季舒) and Zhang Diao (張雕) -- who had been <mask>'s teacher previously and respected by him—believed that for <mask> to go to Jinyang would be misinterpreted by the populace as a flight to Jinyang, and would lead to popular panic, so they, with a number of other officials—including Feng Xiaoyan (封孝琰), Liu Ti (劉逖), Pei Ze (裴澤), and Guo Zun (郭遵) -- submitted a joint petition requesting <mask> to stay at Yecheng.Han suggested that these officials were in fact intending to rebel, and <mask> agreed, executing Cui, Zhang, Feng, Liu, Pei, and Guo. He further exiled their clan members, confiscated their women, and castrated their boys. In spring 574, <mask> (高思好) the Prince of Nan'an and governor of Shuo Province (朔州, roughly modern Shuozhou, Shanxi), angry that he had been disrespected by <mask>'s servant Zhuogu Guangbian (斫骨光弁), rebelled. <mask> sent Tang Yong to resist <mask> while personally leading the next army north, but before he could get there, <mask> was defeated, and he committed suicide by drowning. Meanwhile, around this time, <mask> had become less attracted to Empress Mu, instead becoming more infatuated with Empress Mu's servant girl Feng Xiaolian, making her an imperial consort. They went everywhere together, and they swore to live and to die together. The historian Sima Guang, in his Zizhi Tongjian, had this to say about <mask> and his reign:

The ruler of Qi was not a good speaker and could not speak clearly, and so he did not like to meet with governmental officials.He spoke nothing to anyone except his jesters and servants. He was weak in his personality and was fearful of people staring at him. Even the most honored officials or the head of the government were not allowed to look at him, and therefore the officials could only make summary reports and then withdraw in panic. He inherited the luxurious and wasteful living habits of Emperor Wucheng and thought that this was proper. All of the women and eunuchs of the palace dressed in the best silk and ate delicacies. It sometimes took 10,000 pi [匹, a measurement unit for textile] to make one skirt for them. Each of them competed with each other for the newest and most wonderful things, and clothes made in the morning may be considered old and out of style that same evening.He spent much effort on building palaces and gardens of the greatest splendor, but his affections for them could not last, so all buildings were torn down and rebuilt and torn down again. These construction activities went around the clock without ceasing, with great torches used for illumination at night, and water boiled to mix with the dirt in the winter. In order to carve Buddha images in the western hills of Jinyang, over 10,000 torches were used for one night, bright enough to shine on the Jinyang Palace like it was the day. Whenever there were natural disastrous, ill omens, or agrarian rebellions, he never blamed himself, but would only hold great vegetarian feasts to treat the Buddhist and Taoist monks, believing that this would bring divine blessings so that difficulties would pass. He liked to play the pipa and sing, and he wrote a song entitled, Song of No Worries (無愁曲), with several hundred servants singing with him, leading to the people referring to him as "the Son of Heaven with no worries." He established "the Pauper Boy's Village" within the Hualin Garden (華林園), where he would put on pauper clothes and beg in the village, believing that this was great joy. He also built models of the important border cities and had soldiers act like Northern Zhou soldiers to attack them, and with him resisting the attacks with the eunuchs.His favorite servants Lu Lingxuan, Mu Tipo, <mask>, and Han Zhangluan controlled the government. The eunuchs Deng Changyong (鄧長顒) and Chen Dexin (陳德信), and the Xiongnu He Hongzhen (何洪珍) also participated in the important decisionmaking. Each of them brought their friends and relatives into the government and promoted them beyond proper bounds. The officials' promotions were all dependent on the amount of bribes they paid; those who submitted bribes were promoted and those who did not were demoted. The judges issue their verdicts depending on bribes as well, with the rich allowed to live and the poor sentenced to death. The officials compete in their corruption and flattery, to the detriment of the people. The servants, such as Liu Taozhi, were promoted to great honors and created princes.Almost 10,000 of such persons as eunuchs, Xiongnu, singers, dancers, magicians, and slaves, received honors beyond propriety. Hundreds of non-members of the imperial <mask> clan received creations as princes. The high rank of Kaifu (開府) included more than 1,000, and the rank of Yitong (儀同) was filled innumerably. There were more than 20 generals of the imperial guards. There were tens of imperial attendants. Even dogs, horses, eagles, and hunting cocks received official posts, and were allowed to enjoy the food portions of their salaries. The servants attended the emperor at all times and think of nothing but to please the emperor.A musical can cost over 100 million coins. Later, after the imperial treasury was exhausted, he used the commanderies and counties as awards, giving two to three commanderies or six to seven counties at each time, to allow the servants to auction off the governor and magistrate posts and pocket the proceeds. Therefore, the commandery governors and county magistrates were largely wealthy merchants who find ways to extract and extort from the people, and the people could not live. Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou had long wanted to destroy Northern Qi, and he launched a major attack in fall 575. Several of his generals suggested attacking Jinyang, but he instead attacked Luoyang. However, when he laid siege to the fortress Zhongtan (second character not in Unicode), it was well-defended by the Northern Qi general Fu Fu (傅伏), and Emperor Wu became ill during the siege and withdrew. During the meantime, however, Chen forces, commanded by Wu, commenced a new attack, putting Pengcheng (彭城, in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu) under siege.(For the rest of Northern Qi's existence, however, Wu would not be able to actually capture Pengcheng.) In winter 576, Northern Zhou's Emperor Wu again launched another major attack on Northern Qi, putting Pingyang (平陽, in modern Linfen, Shanxi) under siege and then capturing it. At the time the news of Northern Zhou's attack on Pingyang arrived, <mask> was hunting at Qilian Lake (祁連池, in modern Xinzhou, Shanxi) with Consort Feng, and <mask>, not believing the matter to be serious, did not report the news to <mask>. Only after Pingyang fell did <mask> give <mask> the news. <mask> gathered his troops and headed for Pingyang, and Emperor Wu, believing <mask>'s troops to be still strong, withdrew but put the general Liang Shiyan (梁士彥) in charge of defending Pingyang against the Northern Qi counterattack. The Northern Qi forces sieged Pingyang with all effort—and after several days, were able to breach the wall—but at this point, <mask> stopped his attack and summoned Consort Feng so she could witness the fall of the city. When she arrived, however, Northern Zhou forces had already filled in the breach, and therefore held the city.With Pingyang under siege, Emperor Wu launched another attack to try to lift the siege on Pingyang. <mask> advised against direct faceoff with Emperor Wu's troops, but <mask>, egged on by eunuchs, chose to directly engage Emperor Wu, and the armies engaged in a battle around year 577. A minor fallback by some of <mask>'s troops caused Consort Feng and Mu Tipo to panic, and they suggested an immediate retreat—and <mask> abandoned his troops and fled to Jinyang, causing his army to collapse. Once at Jinyang, instead of preparing for resistance, <mask> instead planned to have his cousins <mask> the Prince of Ande and <mask>g (高孝珩) the Prince of Guangning defend Jinyang, planning to himself flee north to Shuo Province, against <mask>'s advice. He first sent Empress Dowager Hu and <mask> to Shuo Province. When Northern Zhou forces arrived at Jinyang, he left Jinyang under <mask>'s command and fled, initially intending to flee to Shuo Province or Tujue, but after persuasion by the general Mei Shenglang (梅勝郎), headed back to Yecheng, accompanied by <mask>. Meanwhile, Mu Tipo abandoned <mask> and surrendered to Northern Zhou.His mother Lady Lu committed suicide, and his family members were all either executed or sentenced to hard labor. Meanwhile, Tang Yong, still at Jinyang, along with other generals, persuaded <mask> to take the throne himself—stating to him that if he did not, they could not die for him. When <mask> heard this news, he commented, "I would rather that Bing Province [the province containing Jinyang] fall into Zhou's hands than Ande's hands." Soon, Northern Zhou forces put Jinyang under siege, and they were able to breach the defenses at the east gate—but a counterattack by <mask>'s troops led to a major rout against Northern Zhou forces, in which Emperor Wu almost died. However, <mask>'s troops went into celebration and could not regroup. The next day, another Northern Zhou attack finally captured the city. Once <mask> arrived at Yecheng, he ordered that high rewards be posted for people who would join the army, but he himself was unwilling to contribute treasures from his own palace holdings.Further, when he was giving a speech intending to raise morale, his irreverent attitude instead infuriated the generals. The generals and the officials all lost the will to fight. The official <mask> (高勱), who had escorted Empress Dowager Hu and Crown Prince Heng back from Shuo Province, suggested making one last stand at Yecheng, but <mask> did not accept his suggestion. When astrologers indicated that the imperial seat is about to be changed, he decided to pass the throne to <mask> and did so in spring 577, even though <mask>ng was only seven years old. <mask> himself took the title of Taishang Huang. As retired emperor
<mask> continued to exercise imperial authority, even though <mask> was emperor. He honored his mother Empress Dowager Hu as Grand Empress Dowager, while Empress Mu took the title of empress dowager.Meanwhile, the official Moduolou Jingxian (莫多婁敬顯) and the general <mask> (尉相願) plotted to try to have <mask> killed, and then declare <mask>g emperor, but the plot dissolved when the ambush they set in place for <mask> could not be carried out. Meanwhile, <mask>g requested an army so that he could resist Northern Zhou, but <mask> and Han Zhangluan, suspecting him of plotting a coup, sent him out to be the governor of Cang Province (滄州, roughly modern Cangzhou, Hebei). Meanwhile, <mask>, receiving news that Northern Zhou forces were about to arrive at Yecheng, decided to abandon Yecheng and head to the provinces south of the Yellow River to organize a resistance—but that if the resistance would fail, to flee to Chen. He left the general Murong Sanzang (慕容三藏) in charge of Yecheng and fled toward Ji Province (濟州, roughly modern Liaocheng, Shandong), where had earlier sent Grand Empress Dowager Hu, Empress Dowager Mu, and the emperor <mask>. Once <mask> left, Murong Sanzang was unable to defend the city, and it fell. When <mask> arrived at Ji Province, he issued an edict in <mask>'s name further passing the throne to <mask>'s uncle <mask> (高湝) the Prince of Rencheng, sending the edict and the imperial seal to <mask> at Ying Province (瀛州, roughly modern eastern Baoding, Hebei) with the official Hulü Xiaoqing (斛律孝卿), where <mask> was governor. However, instead of delivering the edict and the imperial seals to <mask>, Hulü surrendered to Northern Zhou.Meanwhile, <mask> left Grand Empress Dowager Hu and <mask> at Ji Province while further fleeing with Empress Dowager Mu, Consort Feng, <mask>, Han, and Deng Changyu further east to Qing Province (青州, roughly modern Qingzhou, Shandong). He planned to further flee to Chen, but <mask>, who had been in communications with Northern Zhou forces and was planning to offer <mask> as a prize, fed him false information to slow him down. When Northern Zhou forces arrived at Ji Province, <mask> surrendered, allowing Northern Zhou forces to quickly descend on Qing Province. <mask> quickly tried to flee, but was captured by the Northern Zhou general Yuchi Qin (尉遲勤) and delivered back to Yecheng, to Emperor Wu. Death
Emperor Wu initially treated <mask> with respect, personally greeting him and treating him as an honored guest. Meanwhile, <mask> and <mask>g made an attempt to resist Northern Zhou at Cang Province, and when Emperor Wu had <mask> send an edict to <mask> to order his surrender, <mask>e refused. However, Emperor Wu's brother Yuwen Xian the Prince of Qi quickly defeated <mask> and <mask>g, capturing them and largely ending resistance, although <mask>'s cousin <mask> the Prince of Fanyang (Emperor Wenxuan's son) fled to Tujue, and Tujue's Tuobo Khan put <mask> under his protection and soon had him declare himself Northern Qi's emperor, albeit in exile.In summer 577, Emperor Wu returned with <mask>, as well as the princes and officials of Northern Qi, putting <mask> at the front of the victory procession. He also ceremonially offered <mask> and the other captives to the ancestors at the ancestral temple, but did not harm them at this point. He created <mask> the Duke of Wen. In winter 577, Emperor Wu, apprehensive of the <mask> clan, falsely accused <mask> of plotting rebellion with Mu Tipo, and then ordered him and other members of the Gao clan to commit suicide. Only <mask>'s developmentally disabled brother <mask>ying (高仁英) and mute brother <mask> (高仁雅) were spared, but were exiled to modern Sichuan. Only during the regency of Yang Jian over Emperor Wu's grandson Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou were members of the Gao clan, including <mask>, properly buried north of Chang'an. Era names
 Tiantong (天統 tiān tǒng) 565-569
 Wuping (武平 wǔ píng) 570-576
 Longhua (隆化 lóng huà) 576

Family
Consorts and Issue:
 Empress, of the Hulü clan ()
 A daughter (b.572)
 Empress, of the Hu clan of Anding (), first cousin
 Empress, of the Mu clan (; 557–577), personal name Xieli ()
 <mask>, Emperor (; 570–578), first son
 Shufei, of the Feng clan (), personal name Xiaolian ()
 Zhaoyi, of the Cao clan
 Zhaoyi, of the Dong clan
 Furen, of the Wang clan ()
 A son
 Unknown
 <mask>, Prince Dongping (; d. 572), second son
 <mask> (), third son
 <mask> (), fourth son
 <mask>an (), fifth son
 A daughter who married Han Xing, Duke Nanyang ()

Ancestry

References

Citations

Sources

 History of the Northern Dynasties, vol. 8. Book of Northern Qi, vol. 8. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173. Northern Qi emperors
Northern Qi regents
557 births
577 deaths
Pipa players
Northern Zhou people
People from Taiyuan
Murdered Chinese

masks:
Gao Wei
Gao Changgong
Gao Changgong
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Sihao
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Sihao
Gao Sihao
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Anagong
Gao
Gao Wei
Gao Anagong
Gao Wei
Gao Anagong
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Anagong
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Yanzong
Gao Xiaohen
Gao Yanzong
Gao Heng
Gao Yanzong
Gao Anagong
Gao Wei
Gao Yanzong
Gao Wei
Gao Yanzong
Gao Yanzong
Gao Wei
Gao Mai
Gao Wei
Gao Heng
Gao He
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Heng
Wei Xiangyuan
Gao Anagong
Gao Xiaohen
Gao Anagong
Gao Xiaohen
Gao Anagong
Gao Wei
Gao Heng
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Heng
Gao Wei
Gao Jie
Gao Jie
Gao Jie
Gao Jie
Gao Wei
Gao Anagong
Gao Heng
Gao Anagong
Gao Wei
Gao Anagong
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Jie
Gao Xiaohen
Gao Wei
Gao Jie
Gao Ji
Gao Jie
Gao Xiaohen
Gao Wei
Gao Shaoyi
Gao Shaoyi
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao
Gao Wei
Gao Wei
Gao Ren
Gao Renya
Gao Wei
Gao Heng
Gao Ke
Gao Shande
Gao Maide
Gao Zhiqi


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<mask> is an American research scientist whose primary areas of research are developmental biology and genetics and genomics. He works as a professor at Columbia University Medical Center, teaching neuroscience within the Department of Genetics and Development. Personal life and education
<mask> has a brother, <mask>, who was also recognized as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Both <mask> and Kevin studied at MIT for their undergraduate degrees, but <mask> attended Cambridge for his doctorate degree while Kevin completed his studies at Stanford University. Both did postdoctoral research at Cambridge, but their research differs, as Kevin works on eukaryotic gene regulation. <mask> obtained his undergraduate degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received his doctorate from the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, and then he completed his postdoctoral fellowships both at the University of Cambridge and at Harvard University.He serves as a professor at Columbia University Medical Center in the Department of Genetics and Development, in neuroscience. He is married to Iva Greenwald, with whom he has a daughter. Research
Struhl has his own lab at Columbia University, the Struhl Lab at Columbia’s Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute. A large portion of Struhl’s research centers around the common fruit fly, or Drosophila, and the developmental genetics surrounding this type of insect. He was accepted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2005 and into the National Academy of Sciences for cellular and developmental biology in 2008. In 1999, Struhl published a paper looking at the frizzled and frizzed2 proteins of Drosophila. For this paper, the amber mutation of fz2 was isolated to look at its effects on signal transduction.It was concluded that fz2 is a primary receptor of Wg in Drosophila and that without f2 or fz2, signal transduction was not able to occur. <mask> also published a paper relating to frizzled function that analyzed the planar cell polarity of epithelial cells. In this paper, it was concluded that each of the cells has a mechanism that allows it to estimate the amount of asymmetric bridges, occurring between Stan and Stan plus Fz, that act as the link with neighboring cells. This mechanism was thought to be the method of reading the local slope of tissue-wide gradients of Fz activity, and that through this, all of the cells come to point in one direction. Further research by <mask> and his associates was done into the control of Drosophila wing growth and its unified mechanism. This paper concluded that Decapentaplegic (Dpp, a BMP) and Wingless (Wg, a Wnt) act together through a common mechanism in order to control wing growth as a function of morphogen range. <mask>’s work with Epsin can be seen in a two decade span of several papers.His first major paper regarding Epsin was written in 2004, titled “Drosophila Epsin mediates a select endocytic pathway that DSL ligands must enter to activate Notch”. This paper proposed that Epsin was essential for cell signaling because it “targets mono-ubiquitinated DSL proteins to an endocytic recycling compartment that they must enter to be converted into active ligands”. Additionally, he proposed that Epsin “may be required to target mono-ubiquitinated DSL proteins to a particular subclass of coated pits that have special properties essential for Notch activation”. These two parts of the hypotheses were further tested and developed in some of Struhl’s more recent work and publications. He co-authored a paper that discussed Notch Activation by ligand endocytosis, and looked at the force exerted by the ligand on the notch. In this paper, he stated that there were two models, the recycling models and the pulling models, that could help explain the requirement that the ligand must be endocytosed by Epsin in signal-sending cells. Another of Struhl’s papers investigated the requirement of the ligands to be endocytosed so that the Notch in signal-receiving cells could be activated.The experiments and research of this paper supported and further extended their hypothesis from an earlier paper, showing that the mono-ubiquitination of the DSL proteins was essential for gaining access to the pathway that allows them to activate Notch. <mask> co-authored a paper in which he discussed the three roles for notch in Drosophila R7 photoreceptor specification. In this paper, he wrote that the three distinct roles were to block photoreceptor differentiation, to enable the R7 cell to receive R8’s RTK signal to override the block from the first role, and to specify that the cell is an R7 and not an R1/6. A research article published by <mask> in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences journal looked at the relationship between epigenetic states and inheritance of cis-acting chromatin modifications. The key nucleosome in question was the H3K27me nucleosome. The paper concluded that H3K27me was a determinant of epigenetic memory, and that PRE-associated PRC2 propagates the mark as a requirement for perpetuating the memory. In further research looking into the controls of Drosophila wing size, Struhl explored the mechanisms that limit growth as a function of time.Two constraints were identified that prevent the wing from further growth once it meets its intended size goal at the end of larval growth. These two factors were an intrinsic limit on the spread of morphogen and the capacity of ecdysone, a steroid hormone, to gate the ability of these wing cells to grow as a response to morphogen. <mask> along with research associates looked at the activation thresholds of C. elegans Notch proteins LIN-12 and GLP-1. This article discussed the fact that Epsin is not required for Notch signaling in the species C. elegans, which means that greater force is now necessary to expose the cleavage site, and that the NRRs of these proteins are tuned to a lower force threshold. Controversy
In 2004, Struhl was involved in a controversy regarding research on Wnt signaling, which is a major pathway in human cancer and embryonic development. A postdoc named Siu-Kwong Chan performed experiments that came to the conclusion that the beta-catenin or Armadillo could transduce Wnt signals without entering the nucleus. Struhl attempted to replicate this experiment, but received opposite results for important aspects of the experiment.When he reached out to Chan, Chan admitted that large portions of the data had either been fabricated or was not performed. Because of this, <mask> had the paper retracted and Chan lost his position at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Many came to <mask>’s defense, arguing that he was put in a very challenging position, but had no knowledge of this fraud, and that it was an unfortunate lesson for him to learn. References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American biologists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Columbia University faculty

masks:
Gary Struhl
Gary Struhl
Kevin Struhl
Gary
Gary
Struhl
Struhl
Struhl
Struhl
Struhl
Struhl
Struhl
Struhl
Struhl


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<mask> (born <mask>; October 22, 1912 – June 6, 2018) was an American judge who served as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. He was known for taking cases related to housing, voting, and jury service, especially if these cases were directly impacted by injustice, particularly racism. Early life
<mask> and his twin sister Georgina were born in New Bedford, Massachusetts on October 22, 1912 to Ana Silva Garcia and <mask>, immigrants from Brava, Cape Verde. At home, the family spoke Crioulo. His surname was anglicized to "<mask>" after a teacher claimed she could not pronounce his last name "Leitão." <mask> left school after sixth grade to work with his father picking cranberries, strawberries, and blueberries. He also worked on an oil tanker that sailed from Fall River, Massachusetts to Aruba.He read voraciously throughout his late childhood and began attending night school through the Works Progress Administration starting in 1934 to make up for his lack of diploma. Education and military
In 1936, <mask> won $200 from the Cape Verdean Memorial Scholarship Fund and applied to Howard University. He was initially rejected, but F.D. Wilkinson, the school's registrar, agreed to let him enroll as a non-degree student, and that if he could prove he could succeed without a high school education, the university would change his status to degree-seeking. To further complicate matters, <mask> recalls having a poor grasp on the English language before attending Howard. Despite this, he made the Dean's List during his first semester and was made a candidate for degree. He remained on the Dean's List every semester until he graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor's in history in 1940.While at Howard, one of his Kappa Alpha Psi brothers recommended him for the position of the Assistant to the Dean of Men, which gave him free housing and tuition. He was also inducted into Phi Beta Kappa and earned a commission from Howard's AROTC. James McCauley Landis, the Dean of Harvard Law School, granted him a first-year scholarship and admitted him. World War II began in his second year and he was sent to Fort Benning in Georgia in March 1942. At the end of basic, he was sent to Fort Huachuca in Arizona before shipping out to the Pacific Theater as part of the segregated 93rd Infantry Division. He became a military captain and earned a Bronze Star Medal, the Distinguished Service Medal, the Asiatic Pacific Service Metal, and the Combat Infantry Badge for his service. After the war ended in 1945, he returned to the Law School and earned his LL.B.degree the following year. Law career
He passed the Massachusetts Bar in 1946; then, impressed that Black congressman William Dawson had been elected to public office, moved to Chicago and passed the Illinois Bar in 1947. His early years as a lawyer were spent in private practice, including with Christopher C. Wimbish. From 1947 and 1952, he was the president of the Third Ward Regular Democratic Organization; he then was elected Assistant State Attorney General of Illinois in 1949. He served two terms and left in 1951 to co-found Moore, Ming, and Leighton (later McCoy, Ming, and Leighton), one of the largest Black law firms in the United States. Chicago was still deeply segregated at this time and he was unable to rent an office from a white landlord, so he moved to the South Side and worked near Comiskey Park. Many of his clients were too poor to afford his services, so he often worked for free, and when he was paid, it was usually between $50 and $100.In 1964, Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley asked <mask> to run for Circuit Court judge; he was elected in 1964 and won by a landslide despite being the only Black person on the 18-person Democratic ticket. He began teaching at the John Marshall Law School the following year; he was later involved in convincing the American Bar Association to continue accrediting evening law programs. In 1969, Walter V. Schaefer, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, asked <mask> to accept an assignment to the Illinois Court of Appeals in Illinois' First District. He accepted and served in that role for 11 years. He was the first Black man to be appointed to this position. In 1975, he was again contacted for a promotion. Charles H. Percy, a Republican Senator in Illinois, recommended Leighton to President Gerald Ford as a United States District Court judge.<mask> was sworn in in front of a Republican-controlled Senate and held the role until 1987, when his wife Virginia became ill and he stepped down from the bench. He had been made a senior judge the year before. He became counsel for Neal & Associates (now Neal & Leroy), a minority-owned firm, to earn enough money for Virginia's around-the-clock medical care and only left the practice in 2011 at age 99. <mask> often traveled to the South to provide legal counsel, especially on civil rights issues. He brushed shoulders with many notable Black professionals; he mentored several Chicago lawyers including Barack Obama and at one point had Martin Luther King, Jr. as a client. Notable cases

Schnell v. Davis (1949)
More generally known as the Boswell Amendment case, Schnell v. Davis was a lawsuit filed in response to the Boswell Amendment, which required voter registrants to pass a test before being allowed to vote. The test was to be able to explain a provision of the U.S. Constitution.<mask> traveled from Chicago to Mobile, Alabama to serve as counsel alongside David R. Landau to 10 Black people who were told their answers were not satisfactory, while "white applicants with less qualifications were registered." The defense consisted of Governor Jim Folsom and the Mobile County Board of Registrars; their attorneys were Alabama Attorney General Albert A. Carmichael, Assistant Alabama Attorney General Si Garrett, Geneva County Representative (and writer of the Boswell Amendment) E.C. "Bud" Boswell, Klan leader Ira B. Thompson, Kenneth Griffith, and Carl Booth. Plaintiffs argued their qualifications satisfied all other requirements and requested that the judge declare the Boswell Amendment unconstitutional. Eventually, a three-judge court declared it unconstitutional on the grounds of being used to discriminate "for the franchise of the basis of race and color." Judge Mullins agreed that the Amendment violated the Fifteenth Amendment. Harrisburg desegregation case (1951)
In 1950, Harrisburg City schools in Harrisburg, Illinois blocked Black children from applying to schools other than the historically Black-only Lincoln School, alleging that the applications came in late and that "arrangements had already been made for enrollment at customary schools."Defendants in the case were Dale Wilson, county superintendent of schools; Russell Malan, superintendent of Harrisburg schools; and D.B. McGehee, president of the Board of Education for School District 43; they were represented by <mask>. Lee and L.M. Hancock. <mask>, representing 6 parents and their 14 children, filed a lawsuit for injunction that Harrisburg schools be ordered to desegregate. He also mentioned that Black-only schools had poorer facilities and resources than white-only schools, and that segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment. In March 1951, Harrisburg schools were ordered to desegregate schools by October 1. Judge Casper Platt told the school board they had a month to put their intent to desegregate into a legal document, including the date that schools must be desegregated by.The Board agreed to zone Black children to the schools nearest their home, and to close the Black-only school. In October 1951, inspectors visited the schools to ensure desegregation had adequately taken place. Around the same time, <mask> and colleague William Robert Ming worked a similar case in Cairo, Illinois with counsel from Thurgood Marshall. Cicero race riots (1951)
In 1951, WWII veteran Harvey Clark and his family attempted to rent an apartment owned by Camille DeRose in the all-white suburb of Cicero, Illinois and were quickly turned away by the sheriff. Leighton gave them legal permission to rent. When they returned to Cicero in July 1951, however, about 4,000 white residents rioted and the apartment building was set on fire. While 60 police officers were on site, they reportedly did not provide crowd control, though they did eventually request that the firemen turn their hose on the rioters; they were refused.County Sheriff John E. Babb contacted Governor Adlai Stevenson to request the Illinois National Guard be sent in. The mob caused more than $20,000 in damage and 119 rioters were arrested and charged with unlawful assembly. Along with five others, <mask> was indicted for inciting the riot. Three months later, Assistant State Attorney James A. Brown requested the charges be dropped against <mask>. Leighton used the false indictment charges against him as a lesson in understanding "defendants [who] say to me, 'Judge, I ain't guilty,' I could see what he meant because I had gone through the same thing." All indictments were eventually dismissed, barring the one against Cicero Police Chief Erwin Konovsky, who was charged for "malfeasance in office in failing to prevent the mob from rioting."Fines dealt to three police officers, including Konovsky, were sentenced, but later repealed by the Illinois Court of Appeals. In October 1951, a federal jury was formed to investigate the riot. The NAACP provided counsel for the Clark family in his $200,000 suit against Cicero. The case wrapped up in April 1957 when Cicero agreed to settle with Camille DeRose for $4,300 and with the Clarks for $2,400. The Clarks subsequently moved to Detroit. After the riot, a Black family purchased the home from Camille DeRose and "rent[ed] to all comers, preferably negro and white war veterans." Earl Howard Pugh (1955)
In 1936, Earl Howard Pugh and William Fowler were arrested of murdering railway worker William Hagg during a robbery.Pugh received life in prison and Fowler was given 199 years. In 1951, <mask> found that the arresting officers had intimidated a false confession out of the two men and concealed documents that would have shown they were not guilty. Fowler died in 1949 in prison and Pugh was released in 1955 and awarded $51,000 from the Illinois General Assembly in retribution. Pugh was 20 at the time he entered prison and 37 upon his release. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1960)
In 1960, Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested for a traffic violation in DeKalb County, Georgia near Atlanta. He and his wife had invited white writer Lillian Smith to dinner and he was driving her back to Emory University, where she was receiving cancer treatments, when he was pulled over and falsely charged for driving without a license. He was placed on a probation that would end in jail time if he broke any more laws; he was not informed of this and a few days later participated in a sit-in at Rich's Department Store.He was arrested and sentenced to four months in prison. <mask> and Thurgood Marshall represented him during his appeal. While in jail, King contacted presidential candidates <mask> and John F. Kennedy. <mask> did not respond but Kennedy called Coretta; a few days later, Robert F. Kennedy contacted the sentencing judge and the decision was reversed. Lloyd Eldon Miller, Jr. v. Pate (1967)
Lloyd Miller was convicted on September 29, 1956 in Carthage, Illinois on charge of the November 1955 rape and murder of 8-year-old Janice May of Canton, Illinois. Less than a month later, he was sentenced to death by electric chair. Miller appealed a number of times, nearly once per year, but they were continuously dismissed.<mask> joined the case pro bono in 1963 and alleged that the prosecution had buried evidence that would have immediately exonerated Miller. Judge Joseph Sam Perry contacted the Illinois Supreme Court, who had already rejected four of Miller's appeals, to request a deferral of Miller's execution so he might be retried. Not long after, a journalist who worked on the Miller case spoke to his children and learned that the girls, 7 and 8 at the time, had seen Miller at the supposed time of the murder but didn't realize this should have been reported. Miller was renting a room from their grandmother at the time and had requested someone wake him from his nap at 4:00pm; May's body was found at 4:30pm. One of Miller's ex-girlfriends, who testified he had told her he murdered May, came forward about lying on the stand and that she had done so at the request of the Fulton County Deputy Sherriff, who paid her off. In fact, what he told her was that he was going to be blamed for the death. Miller claimed that after his initial arrest, he was held for 52 hours and was not allowed to contact his family or attorney.He was told he could do so if he signed some documentation about the case, which he did not realize was a confession. Following the new eye-witness report and Miller's ex-girlfriend admitting to perjury, Judge Joseph Sam Perry told Hancock County authorities that they had to retry Miller within three months. A year later, the United States Court of Appeals found that Miller had been tried fairly and evidence was not misrepresented. Despite this, he requested another hearing a month later. He was granted one in 1966 by the Illinois Supreme Court but the appeal was not successful in his favor. At the beginning of 1967, Miller's legal team found that prosecutors had withheld vital information for over eight years, that being the strand of hair found on May's body did not belong to Miller. They knew this information before the first trial even occurred.The case was elevated to the United States Supreme Court, where the prosecutors were interrogated about the 1955 trial. Another article of evidence came forward: the stained shorts found near May's body were covered in paint, not blood as the defendants had led them to believe. The Supreme Court very quickly and unanimously withdrew the conviction because they refused to "tolerate a state criminal conviction obtained by the knowing use of false evidence." Miller was released from prison in March 1967 after 11 years in prison. They married in Washington, DC and had two daughters: Virginia Anne and Barbara Elaine. Virginia suffered several strokes in the late 1980s and Leighton insisted she receive around-the-clock care. He retired from the bench to earn more money in private practice.She died in 1992. <mask> turned 100 in October 2012. He spent his final years at the Brockton VA in Massachusetts. He died of pneumonia on June 6, 2018. He was survived by two daughters, five grandchildren, and eight great-grandchildren. He had always wanted to be buried at Arlington National Cemetery; his daughter Barbara and her husband Robert made sure he was. <mask> was an avid chess player and traveled regularly for major chess tournaments across the country, including the Eastern Open (DC), New York Open (NY), World Open (PA), National Open (NV), New England Open (MA), Michigan Open (MI), American Open (CA), Chicago Open (IL), and Bermuda International Open (1993 and 1995).He stopped traveling in 1997 and played his last tournament in the 2002 US Masters. In the 1980s, he beat Grandmaster Leonid Kaushansky. Legacy and honors
In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of Merit First Class from the Republic of Cape Verde. He also received the Illinois State Bar Association's first Diversity Leadership Award. In 2005, a USPS building in his hometown of New Bedford, Massachusetts was renamed the "Honorable <mask> N<mask> Post Office Building" in his honor. In 2008, Harvard Law School established the Honorable <mask>. <mask> Endowed Fund "to honor the judge's accomplishments and in hopes of providing a boost to other promising students"
 In 2009, the Illinois Supreme Court established the "Honorable <mask>. <mask> Justice Award," which recognizes one who has given exceptional service to the legal community and exhibits the qualities that personified <mask>'s character, service and legal career. He was the first recipient.In 2010, the Illinois Supreme Court Historic Preservation Commission established the "Honorable <mask> Justice Award," which recognizes "a career full of significant achievements." In 2012, the Cook County Criminal Courthouse in Chicago was renamed the "Hon. <mask> N. <mask> Criminal Court Building." In 2018, shortly after his death, a tree was planted on the Alfred J. Gomes Elementary School campus in New Bedford in his honor. See also
 List of African-American jurists

References

External links

 Listing from American Inns of Court
 Biographical profile

1912 births
2018 deaths
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
African-American centenarians
African-American judges
African-American lawyers
American centenarians
American people of Cape Verdean descent
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Deaths from pneumonia in Massachusetts
Harvard Law School alumni
Howard University alumni
Illinois Democrats
Illinois state court judges
John Marshall Law School (Chicago) faculty
Judges of the Illinois Appellate Court
Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
Lawyers from Chicago
Massachusetts Democrats
Massachusetts lawyers
Men centenarians
Military personnel from Massachusetts
NAACP activists
People from Brockton, Massachusetts
People from New Bedford, Massachusetts
United States Army officers
United States district court judges appointed by Gerald Ford

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<mask> (born March 29, 1944) is an American former professional baseball player. He was a pitcher in Major League Baseball for ten seasons, most notably for the Detroit Tigers. In 1968, McLain became the most recent Major League Baseball pitcher to win 30 or more games during a season (with a record of 31–6) — a feat accomplished by only 11 players in the 20th century. As a player, McLain was brash and outspoken, sometimes creating controversy by criticizing teammates and fans with little provocation. His stellar performance at the beginning of his major league career included two Cy Young awards and an American League MVP award. His success in baseball stood in marked contrast to his personal life; he associated with organized crime and was eventually convicted on charges of embezzlement, for which he served time in prison. Professional playing career

The rise to stardom
<mask> was born in Markham, Illinois, and attended Mt.Carmel High School in Chicago, where he played on the baseball team as a shortstop and pitcher. As a teenager he met his future wife, Sharyn Boudreau, the daughter of major league player Lou Boudreau. <mask> was also musically talented, learning to play the organ from his father. Upon his graduation from high school in June 1962, McLain was signed by the Chicago White Sox as an amateur free agent, and was assigned to play with the Harlan Smokies of the Appalachian League. <mask> had a spectacular performance in his minor league professional baseball debut, throwing a no-hitter and striking out 16 batters in a game against the Salem Rebels on June 28. After just two games with the Smokies, he was promoted to the Clinton C-Sox of the Midwest League, where he posted a record of four wins and seven losses. At the time, players with one year of service in the minor leagues were subject to a draft if they were not called up to the major leagues.The White Sox left <mask> in the minor leagues, and he was selected off waivers by the Detroit Tigers on April 8, 1963. He progressed swiftly through the Tigers' minor league system, jumping from Class A Duluth-Superior to Class AA Knoxville during the summer. The Tigers saw enough promise that they decided to advance him all the way from Class AA to the majors, and he made his major league debut on September 21, 1963 at the age of 19. His debut against the Chicago White Sox was almost as impressive as his minor-league debut, holding the White Sox to one earned run on seven hits. He also picked off two baserunners and hit a home run, which was the only home run of his major-league career. <mask> is one of only six teenaged pitchers to hit a major-league home run since 1920, a list that includes Hall-of-Famers Don Drysdale and Jim Palmer. <mask> began the 1964 season with the Syracuse Chiefs of the International League, but was called back to the major leagues in early June and ended the season with a won-loss record of 4–5.He then played for the Mayagüez Indians in the Puerto Rico Baseball League, where he posted a 13–2 record and helped the Indians win the league championship. He was called back to the majors in 1965 and continued to pitch well for the Tigers. On June 15, <mask> set a major-league record for relief pitchers, when he struck out the first seven batters he faced after entering the game in the first inning to relieve starting pitcher Dave Wickersham. He ended the season with a 16–6 record, a 2.61 earned run average, and 192 strikeouts, the third-highest strikeout total in the American League behind Sam McDowell and teammate Mickey Lolich. Although he had a curveball and a changeup, he relied mostly on his fastball to get batters out. In 1966, <mask> had a 13–4 mid-season record and earned the role of American League starting pitcher in the 1966 All-Star Game, where he threw just 28 pitches to retire all nine batters that he faced. He finished the season with a 20–14 record with a 3.92 earned run average.In 1967, the Tigers hired former major-league pitcher Johnny Sain as their pitching coach. Sain helped develop <mask>'s pitching skills and taught him the psychology of pitching. The 1967 season was memorable due to the tight four-way pennant race between the Tigers, the Boston Red Sox, the Minnesota Twins, and the Chicago White Sox. <mask> finished with a 17–16 record and a 3.79 earned run average but was winless after August 29. On September 18, <mask> reported that he had severely injured two toes on his left foot, saying that he had stubbed them after his foot had fallen asleep. Going into the final game of the season against the California Angels, the Tigers needed a victory to force a one-game playoff with the Red Sox for the American League pennant. <mask> pitched ineffectively in the final game and the Tigers lost to finish the season one game behind the Red Sox.The year of the pitcher
Ten games into the 1968 season, the Tigers were in first place, having won nine consecutive games after losing the opener. <mask> made controversial statements in early May by criticizing Detroit fans for being "the biggest front-running fans in the world." He continued to win games at a remarkable pace, registering his 29th victory on September 10. On September 13, he appeared on the cover of Time. On September 14 at Tiger Stadium, <mask> pitched the Tigers to a 5–4 victory over the Oakland Athletics in front of a nationally televised audience to become Major League Baseball's first 30-game winner since 1934. Dizzy Dean, the previous 30-game winner, was on hand to congratulate him. After the Tigers had clinched the 1968 American League pennant, <mask> added to his penchant for notoriety while pitching his 31st and final regular season victory in a game against the Yankees on September 19.<mask> had grown up idolizing New York Yankee center fielder Mickey Mantle, who entered the game tied with Jimmie Foxx for third place in the major-league career home runs list. When Mantle—who was nine days away from his last major league appearance—came to bat in the eighth inning with the Tigers leading 6–1, <mask> intentionally threw a soft pitch directly over home plate. Other accounts said that he called catcher Jim Price to the mound and had him tell Mantle that he would be throwing only fastballs. Mantle hit the pitch for his 535th career home run (the penultimate home run Mantle would hit in his career), putting him in sole possession of third place on the all-time home run list, behind only Babe Ruth and Willie Mays. As Mantle ran around the bases, <mask> stood on the pitcher's mound and applauded. Mantle tipped his hat to <mask> as he rounded the bases. The next batter, Joe Pepitone, waved his bat over the plate, as if asking for an easy pitch of his own.<mask> responded by throwing the next pitch over Pepitone's head. After the game, <mask> smilingly denied that he had served up an easy pitch for Mantle to hit; however, he was later reprimanded by Major League Baseball Commissioner William Eckert. <mask> completed a 31–6 record along with a 1.96 earned run average, as the Tigers won the American League pennant by 12 games. He had 280 strikeouts and 63 walks, giving him a 4.44 K:BB ratio, a Tigers season record that stood until 2016, when it was eclipsed by Justin Verlander. <mask> also earned his second All-Star berth and won the 1968 American League Cy Young Award, as well as the American League Most Valuable Player Award, the first by an American League pitcher since Bobby Shantz in 1952 and the first by a Tiger since fellow pitcher Hal Newhouser's back-to-back honors in 1944 and 1945. He was the first pitcher in American League history to win the Most Valuable Player Award and the Cy Young Award in the same season. St. Louis Cardinal Bob Gibson won the National League's Most Valuable Player Award that same year, making 1968 the only season to date in which a pitcher won the MVP Award in both leagues.<mask>'s performance in the Tigers' 1968 World Series triumph over the Cardinals was not as impressive as his regular season. Having already pitched 336 innings and 28 complete games during the regular season, a sore-armed <mask> lost twice to Gibson (including a still-standing World Series record 17-strikeout performance in the opener) to help put the Tigers down three games to one. Trailing three games to two, <mask> won the crucial Game 6 on just two days' rest, aided by a grand slam home run from Jim Northrup. Teammate Mickey Lolich won three games during the series, including a complete-game triumph in Game 7 against Gibson, and won the World Series MVP award. After the season, when <mask> was asked about Lolich's performance in the World Series, he responded controversially by saying: "I wouldn't trade one Bob Gibson for 12 Mickey Loliches." The season became known as the "Year of the Pitcher", with batting averages and run production dropping in both leagues. After the record home-run year by Roger Maris in 1961, the major leagues increased the size of the strike zone from the top of the batter's shoulders to the bottom of the knees.Pitchers such as <mask> and Gibson among others dominated hitters, producing 339 shutouts in 1968. Carl Yastrzemski was the only American League hitter to finish the season with a batting average higher than .300. In the National League, Gibson posted a 1.12 earned run average, the lowest in 54 years, while Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Don Drysdale threw a record  consecutive scoreless innings during the 1968 season. As a result of the dropping offensive statistics, Major League Baseball took steps to reduce the advantage held by pitchers by lowering the height of the pitcher's mound from 15 inches to 10, and by reducing the size of the strike zone for the 1969 season. Since then, no pitcher has won more than 27 games in a season. Later career

In January 1969, <mask> was selected as the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year. He created more disruption when he was named as the starting pitcher for the American League in the 1969 All-Star Game in Washington, D.C., but missed the start of the game because of a dental appointment in Detroit.The appointment was scheduled for Wednesday the 23rd, the day after the All-Star game, but because of a rainout on the scheduled date, the game was played on the 23rd. <mask> was a nonconformist and liked to play by his own rules. He had learned to fly and purchased an airplane. Having kept his dental appointment, he then flew himself to Washington, arriving at the game during the second inning. He pitched in the fourth inning, but by then the National League had already built a 9–2 lead. <mask> created more dissension when he clashed with Tigers' manager Mayo Smith over the latter's role in the firing of Johnny Sain as the team's pitching coach. Despite the troubles, <mask> had another productive season in 1969, winning 24 games and a second consecutive Cy Young Award, tying with Baltimore's Mike Cuellar, marking the first time two players had shared the award.It was the last award of his major league career. The downfall
In February 1970, Sports Illustrated and Penthouse both published articles about <mask>'s involvement in bookmaking activities. Sports Illustrated cited sources who alleged that the foot injury suffered by McLain late in 1967 was caused by an organized crime figure who stomped on McLain's foot as punishment for failing to pay off on a lost bet. Early in his career, McLain's interest in betting on horses was piqued by Chuck Dressen, one of his first managers. <mask>'s descent into his gambling obsession was further precipitated by an offhand remark made during an interview: that he drank about a case of Pepsi a day. (When he pitched, he was known to drink a Pepsi between innings.) A representative from Pepsi then offered McLain a contract with the company, just for

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 doing a few endorsements.<mask> soon realized that he and the Pepsi representative shared an affinity for gambling; when the two realized how much money they were losing, and that they could earn so much more by "taking the action" on bets, they attempted to set up a bookmaking operation as hands-off, silent partners. <mask> was suspended indefinitely by Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn; the suspension was then set for the first three months of the 1970 season. He returned in mid-season, but struggled to pitch well. In September, the Tigers suspended him for seven days after he doused sportswriters Jim Hawkins of the Detroit Free Press and Watson Spoelstra of the Detroit News with buckets of water. Just as the seven-day suspension was about to end, he was suspended for at least the remainder of the season by Kuhn for carrying a gun on a team flight. <mask>'s 1970 season ended with a won-loss record of only 3–5. Later that year, he was forced into bankruptcy despite being the first $100,000 player in Tigers history.Meanwhile, <mask> and his friend Jim Northrup co-schemed to make more money; they were back in Detroit furthering a plan that they shared to generate a nude baseball model calendar. These efforts eventually fell short. On October 9, 1970, the Tigers traded <mask>, Elliott Maddox, Norm McRae, and Don Wert to the Washington Senators for Joe Coleman, Eddie Brinkman, Jim Hannan, and Aurelio Rodríguez. Kuhn actually had to clear the trade because <mask> was still under suspension, and suspended players cannot be traded without the commissioner's permission. Kuhn later wrote in his autobiography, Hardball: The Education of a Baseball Commissioner, that he was shocked at what he called a "foolish gamble" by the Senators, and predicted that the trade would turn out to be a Tiger heist. The <mask> trade was made over the strenuous objections of Senators manager Ted Williams, who had little patience for <mask>'s high living. The feeling was mutual; early in the 1971 season, <mask> became a charter member of the "Underminers' Club", a group of five players dedicated to getting Williams fired.They spent much of the season feuding over Williams' use of a then-unusual five-man rotation for his starters. Senators broadcaster Shelby Whitfield later told Rob Neyer that when Williams yanked <mask> early from a July 5 game against the Cleveland Indians, <mask> threatened to call Senators owner Bob Short and have him get rid of Williams. By this time, McLain had serious arm trouble, inadvertently made worse by numerous cortisone shots he took for his sore arm. As a result, he essentially stopped throwing fastballs midway through the 1971 season. Due to his arm troubles and his inability to get along with Williams, McLain went 10–22. He thus earned the dubious distinction of going from leading his league in wins (tied with Mike Cuellar with 24 wins in 1969) to two years later leading his league in losses. <mask>'s 22 defeats (a mark later tied by three pitchers, all in 1974) remains the most in a major-league season since Jack Fisher of the Mets lost 24 in 1965.After the 1971 season, <mask> was traded to the Oakland Athletics for journeyman pitcher Jim Panther and prospect Don Stanhouse (who went on to have a few good years as the Baltimore Orioles' closer in the late 1970s). After only five starts, one win, and a 6.04 ERA, the Athletics sent him to the minor leagues on May 15. The Associated Press said the reasons for the demotion were "pitches which lacked steam and a medical problem." On June 29, Oakland traded him to the Atlanta Braves for Orlando Cepeda; he went only 3–5 for Atlanta, and his overall totals for 1972 were 4–7 with a 6.37 ERA. His final major league appearance came on September 12 against the Cincinnati Reds; he came into a tied game in the ninth and promptly gave up three runs without retiring a batter, taking the loss. (Coincidentally, the last batter McLain ever faced in the major leagues was Pete Rose, who also was involved in a gambling scandal years later.) The Braves released <mask> during spring training, on March 26, 1973.After short stints with minor-league clubs in Des Moines and Shreveport, <mask> retired. Three years after winning 31 games and two years after winning his second consecutive Cy Young, he was out of baseball at the age of 29. Music career
<mask>'s success on the playing field led to endorsement opportunities from the Hammond Organ Company; he also made musical appearances in Las Vegas. He was invited to appear with his musical quartet on The Ed Sullivan Show along with his World Series opponent (and guitarist) Bob Gibson. <mask> also made appearances on The Steve Allen Show and The Joey Bishop Show. He also released two albums on Capitol Records, <mask> at the Organ (1968) and <mask> in Las Vegas (1969). Career statistics
In a 10-year major-league career, <mask> won 131 games against 91 losses.His career earned run average was 3.39 and he recorded 1,282 strikeouts in 1,886 innings pitched. <mask> was a three-time All-Star and won the Cy Young Award twice in his career. Because he relied so much on his fastball, he also surrendered numerous home runs, leading the American League in home runs allowed in three consecutive years (1966–1968). Since McLain's 31-win season, only two other pitchers have approached the 30-game milestone (Steve Carlton won 27 games in 1972 and Bob Welch also with 27 victories in 1990). With Major League Baseball moving from the four-man pitching rotation of McLain's era to five-man rotations, and with the increased reliance on relief pitchers, some observers believe that another 30-game winner may not occur because of the way the game is played today. Post-major league career

In 1974, <mask> played a season for the London Majors of the Intercounty Baseball League at Labatt Memorial Park in London, Ontario. Because of his arm problems, McLain pitched only nine innings for the Majors, but played in 14 games at shortstop, first base, or catcher, and batted .380, including hitting two homers in one game in London.<mask> continued to earn side money playing the organ at clubs, including a club in suburban Detroit where former heavyweight boxing champion Leon Spinks worked as a bartender. <mask> also earned quite a bit of money hustling golf, easily attracting "marks" due to his past baseball fame. Additionally, he reportedly once accepted over $160,000 to fly a wanted felon out of the country. <mask>'s weight ballooned to  during his post-baseball career. He was imprisoned for drug trafficking (cocaine), embezzlement, and racketeering. Tampa attorneys Arnold Levine and Stevan Northcutt, who later became a Florida state appellate judge, represented <mask> before the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Atlanta. His conviction was reversed under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act  in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida in Tampa.Between his stints in prison and rehabilitation in the mid-1980s to the early-1990s, <mask> could be found on various talk radio sports shows and occasionally on panel-format sports shows on network television in the Detroit area; he also modeled Hanes underwear. He could also be found signing autographs at a metro Detroit 7-Eleven store at the corner of Mound Road and Metro Parkway in Sterling Heights, Michigan, where he was employed on work-release. After his release, he also hosted a popular daily talk radio show for a few years on Detroit talk station WXYT. <mask>'s oldest daughter, Kristin, 26, was killed on March 20, 1992, in a drunk driving accident. She had been living in Florida and was moving back home to Michigan when she was killed just a few miles from her parents' home. In part to escape his grief, <mask> and several partners bought the Peet Packing Company (Farmer Peet's) located in the small town of Chesaning, Michigan, in 1994. McLain was also a partner in the Michigan Radio Network.Both companies went bankrupt two years later. In 1996, he was convicted on charges of embezzlement, mail fraud, and conspiracy in connection with the theft of $2.5 million from the Peet employees' pension fund. <mask> spent six years in prison; to this day, he insists he knew nothing about the shady financial deals alleged by the government. <mask> claims he paid restitution for this incident. During the Detroit Tigers 2006 playoff run, <mask> was the baseball analyst for Drew and Mike on WRIF radio in Detroit. In 2007, <mask> released his autobiography I Told You I Wasn't Perfect, co-authored by longtime Detroit sportscaster and author Eli Zaret. Prior to that, <mask> and Zaret hosted a sports television show together in Detroit.<mask> currently resides in Pinckney, Michigan, with his wife, Sharyn. Sharyn had divorced <mask> during his most recent incarceration but remarried him upon his release. <mask> writes a monthly editorial column and blogs regularly for In Play! Magazine, a Detroit sports magazine. Kevin Costner's character in the 2005 film The Upside of Anger was partly based on <mask> (and also partly on Kirk Gibson, another Tiger of World Series note). On April 11, 2008, <mask> was arrested without incident after deputies discovered an outstanding warrant against him for failing to appear for a January 16 court hearing. On September 22, 2011, <mask> was arrested in Port Huron, Michigan, at the Canada–US border after officials discovered an outstanding warrant against him from St. Charles Parish, Louisiana.Because of construction detours, <mask> had inadvertently taken an exit off I-94 sending him directly across the Bluewater Bridge and into Canada. He immediately returned to the U.S., where he was obligated to go through a U.S. Customs and Border Protection inspection booth. The outstanding warrant was then discovered, for which <mask> was jailed in Port Huron, Michigan. In less than a week, the warrant was cleared and <mask> was released. From 2017 to 2018, <mask> hosted a Sunday radio show about life and politics on WFDF (AM). In January 2019 <mask> and former local sportscasters Eli Zaret and Bob Page launched a podcast called No Filter Sports. In October 2020 McLain had an estate sale hosted by Aaron's Estate Sales.This event was covered nationally by outlets such as ESPN and the Associated Press. See also

 1968 Detroit Tigers season
 1968 World Series
 1968 in baseball
 Associated Press Athlete of the Year
 List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
 List of Detroit Tigers team records

Notes

References
 Nobody's Perfect by <mask> with Dave Diles (The Dial Press, New York, 1975). Strikeout: The Story of <mask> by <mask> and Mike Nahrstedt (Sporting News, 1988). I Told You I Wasn't Perfect by <mask> and Eli Zaret (Triumph Books, 2007). Thirty-one and six: The story of <mask> by Robert B. Jackson (H. Z. Walck, 1969). External links
, or Retrosheet
The Baseball Biography Project: <mask>
 ESPN Classic: From the big time to the big house
 The downfall of former pitcher <mask>
 Denny <mask>'s Tigers Report

1944 births
Living people
American drug traffickers
American extortionists
American League All-Stars
American League Most Valuable Player Award winners
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Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Chicago
Birmingham A's players
Capitol Records artists
Clinton C-Sox players
Cy Young Award winners
Detroit Tigers players
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Indios de Mayagüez players
Iowa Oaks players
Knoxville Smokies players
London Majors players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Oakland Athletics players
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Shreveport Captains players
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Denny McLain
Denny McLain
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McLain
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Denny
McLain
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McLain
McLain
McLain
Denny McLain
Denny McLain
Denny McLain
Denny McLain
Denny McLain
Denny Mcain
Denny McLain
McLain


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<mask> ( ; born October 30, 1982) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Washington Nationals, New York Yankees and Arizona Diamondbacks in Major League Baseball (MLB), as well as the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He managed the Tupper Lake Riverpigs of the independent Empire League in the covid-shortened 2020 season and again in 2021. Career

Pittsburgh Pirates
<mask> was selected by the San Francisco Giants in the 34th round (1,021st overall) of the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft, but did not sign. In the following year he was selected by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 19th round (564th overall), and signed on June 6, 2001. He spent a number of years in the minors in the Pirates system as a starting pitcher, and in 2005 was converted to a reliever. The Pirates released him on April 25, 2007.Washington Nationals

On May 3, 2007, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals, and played most of the season for the Class-AA Harrisburg Senators, compiling a 4.17 earned run average in 21 appearances. He moved up to the Class-AAA Columbus Clippers and finished the season extremely well, posting an ERA of 0.78 in 14 appearances. When rosters expanded in September, the Nationals, then leading the league in innings pitched by relievers, brought him up. On September 5, 2007, <mask> made his Major League debut. In the top of the third inning, in a game against the Florida Marlins, Tim Redding was injured by a batted ball and needed to be replaced. Albaladejo entered the game with two men on and one out, and allowed a ground ball (where an inherited runner scored) and a pop up. In the fourth inning, Albaladejo struck out the side, and then was relieved.New York Yankees
On December 4, 2007, he was traded to the New York Yankees for relief pitcher Tyler Clippard. The deal is regarded, years later, as one of the worst in Brian Cashman's tenure as Yankees General Manager. He made the Yankees' Opening Day roster in 2008, but only pitched in seven games while recording a 3.95 ERA. He suffered an elbow injury on May 9, 2008, and was ruled out for the season in June. Albaladejo again made the Yankees' major league roster to start the 2009 season. After posting an ERA of 6.00 in 18 appearances through May 22, he was optioned to Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre to make room on the roster for pitcher Chien-Ming Wang. In 17 innings at Triple-A, he compiled a 1.59 ERA and 0.65 WHIP, earning a promotion back to the majors when Wang was placed on the disabled list on July 5, 2009.<mask> was sent back down to Scranton on July 10, 2009, to make room for Mark Melancon. Though he did not make the postseason roster, he got his first World Series ring when the Yankees won their 27th franchise World Series title by beating the Phillies. <mask> began the 2010 season with Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. After a poor spring training, Albaladejo transitioned from his two-seam fastball to his four-seam fastball, which allowed him more control. He was named International League Pitcher of the Week from July 5–12, and from July 12–18, and pitched in the Triple-A All-Star Game. After saving 31 games in 32 chances with a 0.96 ERA, he was called up to the Yankees on July 20. However, he was optioned back to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre on July 24 to make room for Sergio Mitre.<mask> set an International League single-season record for saves in 2010 with 43 (the previous record was 38). He was named to the International League Postseason All-Star team. He was called up by the Yankees when the rosters expanded at the start of September and pitched  innings for the team during the 2010 season, recording a 3.97 ERA. During the offseason, Albaladejo asked the Yankees to release him so he could pursue a career in Japan. Yomiuri Giants
Albaladejo signed a one-year contract with the Yomiuri Giants of Japan's Central League. In 46 games in Japan, he was 2–2 with a 2.45 ERA. Arizona Diamondbacks
The Arizona Diamondbacks signed <mask> on December 13, 2011.In 49 games with the club's AAA affiliate in Reno, Albaladejo recorded 25 saves and struck out 60 in  innings of work. He was called up by the Diamondbacks at the end of the minor league season, posting an ERA of 9.00 in three games. Miami Marlins
On December 16, 2012, Albaladejo signed a minor league deal with the Miami Marlins. He spent the entirety of the 2013 season with their AAA club, the New Orleans Zephyrs, recording a 3.80 ERA and 72 strikeouts in  innings. He was granted free agency after the season. Broncos de Reynosa
On April 1, 2016, <mask> signed with the Broncos de Reynosa of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on April 9, 2016.Bridgeport Bluefish
On April 19, 2016, <mask> signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. New York Mets
On July 25, 2017, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017. Lancaster Barnstormers
On November 1, 2017, <mask> was drafted by the Lancaster Barnstormers in the Bridgeport Bluefish dispersal draft. On February 26, 2018, he signed with the team for the 2018 season. <mask> re-signed for the 2019 season as a player-coach. He retired as an active player following the season and was later hired as bullpen coach for the Toros de Tijuana of the Mexican League.See also

 List of Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Altoona Curve players
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Bridgeport Bluefish players
Columbus Clippers players
Diablos Rojos del México players
Gulf Coast Pirates players
Harrisburg Senators players
Hickory Crawdads players
Indios de Mayagüez players
Lancaster Barnstormers players
Las Vegas 51s players
Lynchburg Hillcats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Mexican League baseball pitchers
Miami Dade Sharks baseball players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
New York Yankees players
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Japan
Reno Aces players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Sportspeople from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Staten Island Yankees players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Washington Nationals players
Yomiuri Giants players

masks:
Jonathan Albaladejo Santana
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo
Albaladejo


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<mask> (22 June 1932 – 12 January 2005) was an Indian actor, who was an important figure in Indian theatre and cinema. He is remembered for playing iconic villainous roles in Punjabi, Hindi cinema as well as other Indian and international film industries. To Indian audiences he is the most remembered for his role as Mogambo in Shekhar Kapur's Hindi film Mr. India (1987), and to Western audiences he is best known as Mola Ram in Steven Spielberg's Hollywood film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984). While he predominantly worked in Hindi-language films, he had also appeared in Punjabi, Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and Marathi language films. <mask> won three Filmfare Awards for Best Supporting Actor. His grandson, <mask> (aged  as of ), is also an actor in Indian Cinema, having written and starred in a film produced by a production house named after Puri, Amrish Puri Films. Early life

<mask> was born in Nawanshahr, Punjab, to Lala Nihal Chand and Ved Kaur.He had four siblings, elder brothers Chaman <mask> and Madan <mask> (both of whom were also actors), elder sister Chandrakanta, and a younger brother, Harish <mask>. He was the first cousin of the actor and singer K. L. Saigal. Career
<mask> acted in more than 450 films between 1967 and 2005, and was one of the most successful  villains in Bollywood. Most of them were hits. <mask> first came to Bombay in the early 1950s following the footsteps of his elder brothers - Madan <mask> and Chaman <mask>, who were already established actors known for playing villainous roles. He failed his first screen test, and instead found a job with the Employees' State Insurance Corporation Ministry of Labour and Employment (ESIC). At the same time, he started performing at the Prithvi Theatre in plays written by Satyadev Dubey.He eventually became well known as a stage actor and won the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1979. This theatre recognition soon led to work in television ads and eventually to films at the relatively late age of 40. <mask> went on to work in Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Hollywood, Punjabi, Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil films. Though he was successful in many regional films, he is best known for his work in Bollywood cinema. Through the 1970s, <mask> often worked in supporting roles, usually as the henchman of the main villain. He was noticed in the 1980 super-hit movie Hum Paanch in which he played the main villain. After that, he started getting cast as the main villain in other movies.In 1982, <mask> played the main villain, Jagavar Choudhary in the Subhash Ghai super-hit film Vidhaata. That year, he again played the main villain, JK in the movie Shakti co-starring Dilip Kumar and Amitabh Bachchan. Next, in 1983, Ghai again cast him as the main villain, Pasha in the hit movie Hero. <mask> regularly featured in subsequent Ghai films. <mask> reigned supreme in villainous roles in the 1980s and 1990s. His dominating screen presence and baritone voice made him stand out amongst the other villains of the day. He is known to international audiences for his roles as Khan in Richard Attenborough's Gandhi (1982) and as the main antagonist Mola Ram in Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984).He shaved his head for the role, and it created such an impression that he kept his head shaved. His bald look gave him the flexibility to experiment with different looks as a villain in subsequent movies. <mask> and Spielberg shared a great rapport and Spielberg often said in interviews: "Amrish is my favorite villain. The best the world has ever produced and ever will!" In villainous roles, <mask> is best remembered as "Mogambo" in Mr. India, "Jagavar" in Vidhaata, "Thakral" in Meri Jung, "Bhujang" in Tridev, "Balwant Rai" in Ghayal, Barrister Chadda in Damini and "Thakur Durjan Singh" in Karan Arjun. His comic role in Chachi 420, that he acted alongside Kamal Haasan was highly appreciated. From the 1990s until his death in 2005, <mask> also featured in positive supporting roles in many movies.Some of his notable positive roles are Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Phool Aur Kaante, Gardish, Pardes, Virasat, Ghatak, Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai, China Gate. He received the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor award for Meri Jung and Virasat. Death and legacy
<mask> was suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome, a rare kind of blood cancer, and had undergone brain surgery for his condition after he was admitted to the Hinduja hospital on 27 December 2004. His condition required frequent removal of the blood accumulated in the cerebral region of the brain and after some time he slipped into a coma shortly before his death around 7:30 a.m on 12 January 2005. His body was brought to his residence for people to pay their last respects, and his funeral was on 13 January 2005 at Shivaji Park crematorium. On 22 June 2019, <mask> was honoured with a Google Doodle. Commemorating his 87th birthday, Google carried his picture and the accompanying text read as, "If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again—and you might end up like Indian film actor <mask> <mask>, who overcame an early setback on the way to fulfilling his big screen dreams."

masks:
Amrish Puri
Puri
Vardhan Puri
Amrish Lal Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Amrish
Puri


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<mask> (born 25 January 1979 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a retired professional mixed martial artist. A professional from 1998 until 2010, he fought in the UFC, Jungle Fight, RINGS, and the IFL. Mixed martial arts career

Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his promotional debut against Vladimir Matyushenko on November 13, 2010 at UFC 122, losing via first round TKO. <mask> was expected to face Rousimar Palhares on March 3, 2011 at UFC Live: Sanchez vs. Kampmann. However, on January 18, <mask> was dismissed from Chute Boxe, his home training camp, for a "lack of commitment." Less than an hour later, it was reported that the fight had been cancelled due to <mask> losing family and friends in the Brazilian floods, resulting in him being in "no condition to train or fight." Palhares faced David Branch.Ferreira/Palhares was expected to take place on August 27, 2011 at UFC 134. However, <mask> was released from the organization and replaced by Dan Miller. Mixed martial arts record

|-
| Loss
| align=center| 18–6
| Vladimir Matyushenko
| TKO (punches and elbows)
| UFC 122
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:20
| Oberhausen, Germany
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–5
| Walter Mazurkievicz
| Submission (kimura)
| Jungle Fight 15
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:10
| Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–5
| Vagner Curio
| Submission (achilles lock)
| Jungle Fight 14: Ceará
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:16
| São Paulo, Brazil
|Light Heavyweight debut. |-
| Win
| align=center| 4–1
| Jimmy Westfall
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| World Vale Tudo Championship 9
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:56
| Aruba
|WVC 9 Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal. |-
| Win
| align=center| 3–1
| Heath Herring
| Decision (split)
| World Vale Tudo Championship 8
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 30:00
| Aruba
|WVC 8 Heavyweight Tournament Final. |-
| Win
| align=center| 2–1
| Rodney Glunder
| TKO (submission to punches)
| World Vale Tudo Championship 8
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:59
| Aruba
|WVC 8 Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal. |-
| Win
| align=center| 1–1
| Astravroslakis Astravroslakis
| TKO (submission to punches)
| World Vale Tudo Championship 8
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:00
| Aruba
|WVC 8 Heavyweight Tournament Quarterfinal.

masks:
Alexandre Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira


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<mask>-Hage (, Wadī‘ al-Ḥāj) (born July 25, 1960) is Lebanese, and naturalized American citizen, who is serving life imprisonment in the United States based on conspiracy charges for the 1998 United States embassy bombings. Born to a Maronite Catholic family, El-Hage converted to Islam while still in Lebanon in the 1970s. He emigrated to the United States, where he developed an interest in militant interpretations of Islamic theology while attending the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. During the Soviet–Afghan War el-Hage traveled to Pakistan to work for a Saudi charity, returning to the US in 1985. He married 18 year old April Ray, an American citizen who had recently converted to Islam, gaining American citizenship in 1989. Struggling financially, he decided to move his family to Quetta, Pakistan, but returned to run the Al Kifah Refugee Center in Brooklyn after the death of Mustafa Shalabi. While running the al-Kifah Refugee Center he met some of the extremists involved in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.At the time of their trial, he was in Sudan working as a secretary for Osama Bin Laden. In 1996 and 1997, after Bin Laden left Sudan for Afghanistan, el Hage worked in Nairobi, Kenya. Under the pretense of doing charity work, he organized the al-Qaeda network that planned the carried out the embassy bombing in Nairobi. El-Hage was indicted and arrested in 1998, and convicted on all counts and sentenced to life without parole in 2001. His sentence was overturned in 2008 because it was based on federal mandatory sentencing guidelines invalidated by the US Supreme Court in 2005. He was re-sentenced to life without parole in 2013. El-Hage and his co-defendants are currently in the supermax prison known as ADX Florence.Aliases or 'Kunya'
<mask> el-Hage is also known as "Abd'al Sabur" or "Abdel Saboor", both different transliterations of Abdus Sabur. 'Kunya' is a way of saying 'nickname' in the Arabic language. Life
El-Hage was born in a Maronite Christian family on 25 July 1960 in Sidon, Lebanon, but grew up in Kuwait, where he converted to Islam. His family was so angered by his conversion that he was forced to leave home and was taken in by a Kuwaiti sheikh who paid for his education, including college. He traveled to the United States for college. From 1978, he studied urban planning at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, then-named the University of Southwestern Louisiana. El-Hage interrupted his schooling to travel to Afghanistan via Pakistan, although his lifelong physical disability prevented any direct participation in the fighting against the USSR, he instead worked for a Saudi charity called the Muslim World League.He was reportedly under Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, an important figure in the early history of al-Qaeda. El-Hage returned to his university in January 1985, graduating in 1986. He married an 18-year-old American Muslim named April and relocated to Arizona. There he held several low-wage jobs, including city custodian. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1989. Over the next few years, the el-Hage family traveled repeatedly to Pakistan, initially taking
along his mother-in-law and her husband. In an interview with PBS Frontline, el-Hage's mother-in-law said, "I was the matron surgical nurse at an Afghan surgical hospital.Wadih did not actually fight, but acted as an educator. My husband went with Wadih to deliver textbooks and Qur'ans to the young people. It was a Jihad, a fight for Islam." Background
At an Islamic conference in Oklahoma in December 1989, el-Hage met Mahmud Abouhalima, who was later convicted for his part in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. El-Hage's prosecutors say that Abouhalima told el-Hage to buy a .38 caliber revolver. El Sayyid Nosair used that revolver to kill Rabbi Meir Kahane. At some later point, el-Hage moved with his family to Arlington, Texas.He was called to the Brooklyn charity Alkifah Refugee Center, by the group's office in Tucson, via el-Hage's mosque in Arlington. Family members acknowledge that he was in contact with the Alkifah group, and say that he was called in to mediate a dispute. A week later, the group's leader, Mustafa Shalabi, was found stabbed to death in an apartment that he shared with Abouhalima. This murder is unsolved. El-Hage's family said that he cried when he heard that Shalabi was dead. In January 1992, el-Hage was arrested for writing false checks. In the car with him was Marwan Salama, whose phone records show his contact with the conspirators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.Shortly thereafter, el-Hage moved his family to Sudan and worked as a secretary for Osama bin Laden, who operated a network of businesses and charities, some of them fronts, in East Africa at the time. El-Hage often travelled to Europe in this capacity. Prosecutors believe that el-Hage became a key aide to Bin Laden. In 1994, his wife April convinced el-Hage to leave Sudan and stop working for Bin Laden's organization there. As his mother in law said, "April would have none of that. She is Muslim, but she is also American, and she wouldn't stand for it." However, prosecutors believe that el-Hage continued to work for bin Laden's organisation in Nairobi, Kenya.In Kenya, he became the director of Help Africa People, a Muslim charity organization, which Kenyan documents say helped control malaria. El-Hage also made money in the jewelry business. Prosecutors say that el-Hage was in contact in Kenya with Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri, who was al-Qaeda's #2 member until his death in 1996. The badly wanted al-Qaeda suspect Fazul Abdullah Mohammed moved in and worked at the house as a secretary. A letter, Mohammed Saddiq Odeh, admitted knowing el-Hage in Nairobi and said that el-Hage attended his wedding. Arrest

The Nairobi house was raided on August 21, 1998.  el-Hage himself was questioned two days later upon his return to Nairobi from Afghanistan. el-Hage's family says that he was told to leave Kenya.In September 1997, he returned to Arlington with his family; several accounts say that he sold all of his possessions to fund the trip. However, upon arriving in the United States, he was arrested on September 15, 1998. Before a grand jury, el-Hage denied knowing bin Laden and others accused of the embassy bombings. On 20 September, he was arrested for perjury, and has not been free since. The indictment for the bombings themselves was read on 7 October of that year. Incarceration
Hage, Bureau of Prisons number 42393-054, is in Florence ADMAX USP. References

1960 births
Living people
Lebanese al-Qaeda members
American al-Qaeda members
Lebanese emigrants to the United States
Converts to Sunni Islam from Catholicism
Inmates of ADX Florence
Lebanese people imprisoned abroad
Lebanese Salafis
American Sunni Muslims
Former Maronite Christians
American former Christians
People convicted on terrorism charges
Lebanese emigrants to Kuwait

masks:
Wadih Elias el
Wadih


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<mask>, aka <mask>, is a Konkani language singer from the coastal state of Goa, India, and is popularly known as the "Nightingale of Goa". Early life
<mask> was born in Bombay on 9 August 1944 to Cecelia and <mask> who hailed from Saligao in Goa, the third of six children. Her family belonged to the Goan Catholic community; Fr. Nascimento Mascarenhas. <mask>'s father encouraged his children in music and to speak Konkani at home; their immediate neighbour in Goa, recalls being very impressed by the family's singing of Konkani hymns. <mask> recalled how as a young girl another Parsi neighbour in Mumbai would clap and gift her four Indian annas whenever he heard her sing along with the radio. Goa, which sits on the Arabian Sea in southwest India and is the nation's smallest state, was a territory of Portugal from 1510 to 1961.While its official language is the Konkani language, until 1961, most Goans were educated in Portuguese. Today, many Goans are Catholic, speak Portuguese and have Portuguese names. Between the Portuguese colonization and the 19th century influx of the British and other westerners, Goa was the most westernized area of India. It is where western music took root and, until recently, most of India's jazz musicians came from Goa. Romance with Chris Perry
Lorna admittingly was in an affair with an older married Goan musician, Chris Perry, while they were both working together. However, following their breakup on her 27th birthday in 1973, she was unable to perform for nearly 23 years. This was because Perry would threaten and even strike anyone who would approach her to sing professionally again.She remained unmarried because Perry also threatened possible suitors. She began working as a compounder in a dentist's clinic, and was a victim of alcoholism before Ronnie Monserrate convinced her to start singing again in 1995. She now lives in Dhobitalao, Mumbai. Career

Initial career (1960–1973)
<mask>'s singing career began by singing at weddings as part of a band called 'Bajaj and his Dance Band'. She was recognized by musician, drummer and compère Raymond Albuquerque, who first heard her sing "Where The Boys Are" on Marvé Beach. He then invited her to sing "Under the Mango Tree" from Dr. No with his band at the Bandra fair. This performance impressed Chris Perry, who was in the audience and had been looking for a crooner.After an audition, she began singing for Perry's band at the age of 15 and continued with them until she turned 26. He thus helped her launch her career and she regards him as her guru. She was a popular jazz singer in nightclubs and star hotels in Mumbai, Calcutta, Madras, Delhi and Bangalore. Later, she sang songs composed / arranged by Chris Perry. <mask>'s first song was "Bebdo" (), which she performed on Miramar Beach, Goa, shocking the crowd with a song of this type in Konkani. She soon became well-known for her other songs, such as "Nachomia Kumpasar", "Pisso", "Red Rose", "Lisboa", "Adeus", "Tuzo Mog", "Noxibak Roddttam", "Abghat", "Calangute", "Aik Re Khobrankara", "Sorga Rajeant", "Pavsachea Tempar", "Amerikak Pavxi", "Sorg Tujea Dolleamni", "Tum Ani Hanv", "Ugddas" and "Mhoji Mai". She became so popular that the public started demanding just her solo performances from Perry, who bound her by contract to not perform with anyone else for twenty years.She subsequently left music for a period of 23 years after a disagreement with him when she was 26 years old. Comeback and other projects (1995–present)
In 1995, music director Ronnie Monseratte, who had been a part of Perry's band, managed to convince her to sing again. After a year of hesitation, she agreed to perform in a concert titled 'Hello Lorna', which was directed by Monseratte. However, on the day of the first show at Miramar Beach, on 1 December 1995, Perry came to the venue and showed the media the contract that she had signed to not sing with anyone else and threatened legal proceedings. After hiring new musicians, the concert began with <mask> performing "Aikat Mazo Tavlo" (). The concert's songs were released in a 1996 album of the same name. In her illustrious career, <mask> has sung for many great Bollywood music directors such as Bappi Lahiri, Kalyanji-Anandji, Laxmikant–Pyarelal and Rajesh Roshan.She has even sung alongside Mohammed Rafi ("Maria") and Sudesh Bhosle. After her comeback, she has performed in countries of the Middle East like Dubai, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain and even in parts of Europe like London. She is seen performing in the 2004 Konkani film Aleesha, and the 2019 Konkani musical film, Kantaar, features <mask> singing some jazz songs. Films & Ad Films

Films
 Bombay Velvet, the Bollywood film, is set in the 1960s and <mask>'s voice was inspirational to Bollywood actress Anushka Sharma. Anurag Kashyap says that Anushka's character is a tribute to <mask>. Nachom-ia Kumpasar (), is a Konkani film. It is based on the lives of jazz musicians Chris Perry and <mask>.The film takes its title from the name of a song by the two artists. The story is told through over 20 popular Konkani songs from the 1960s and 1970s that have been re-recorded for this film. It is set in the 1960s and is a tribute to the 'unsung' Konkani musicians of that era. Advertisements
An international ad campaign by Nike for its cricket equipment featured a Konkani song "Rav Patrao Rav", sung by Ella Castellino, based on the song "Bebdo" as the theme music. The lyrics to the new song were written by Agnello Dias (who worked in the JWT advertising agency that made the ad) and it was recomposed by Ram Sampath. <mask> is a Brand Ambassador and also inaugurated "The Goan Sip" packaged drinking water. She appears in the advertisement campaign video singing in the tune of "Tuzo Mog".Awards and accolades
 In 1997, she was awarded the title of Best Female Singer in Mumbai, alongside Alfred Rose, who won the title of Best Male Singer
 In 2015, <mask> was presented with a Lifetime Achievement award at the "Film, Food, Fashion Festival", by Vishnu Wagh, then MLA and Vice-Chairman of Entertainment Society of Goa (ESG). In 2018, she was awarded the Krutadnyata Puraskar (Lifetime Achievement Award) at the 11th Goa Marathi Film Festival, held at Kala Academy.

masks:
Lorna Cordeiro
Lorna
Lorna
Theophilus Cordeiro
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna