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Hubert George "<mask>" Quackenbush (March 2, 1922 – September 12, 1999) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Boston Bruins and Detroit Red Wings in the National Hockey League. During his 14-year career, he was the first defenceman to win the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy. He won the award after playing the entire 1948–49 season without recording a penalty. The penalty-less season was part of a total of 131 consecutive games he played without being assessed a penalty. Quackenbush, considered to be an elite offensive defenceman during his career, was named to the NHL All-Star Team five times, played in eight NHL All-Star games and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1976. Following his retirement from professional ice hockey, he spent 18 years as head coach of various teams at Princeton University. Quackenbush coached men's golf, and both the men's and women's ice hockey teams, at various times.He won eight Ivy League Championships with the men's golf team and three with the women's ice hockey team. Early life
Quackenbush was born on March 2, 1922, in Toronto, Ontario. He was born Hubert George Quackenbush but was given the nickname <mask> by his aunt who disliked his given name. He played hockey on outdoor rinks around Toronto during the Great Depression as a youth, and was one of the top high school athletes in Canada as a teenager. In addition to hockey, he was a renowned football and soccer player. During the war years, he played for the famous Canadian soccer club Toronto Scottish. Quackenbush had an opportunity to play football professionally, but he decided to pursue a career in hockey.Quackenbush began his junior career playing for the Toronto Native Sons of the Ontario Hockey Association. He scored 13 points in 13 games during the 1940–41 season. The following season, he played for the Brantford Lions, scoring 34 points in 23 games, and caught the attention of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League. Professional career
Quackenbush signed as a free-agent with the Red Wings on October 19, 1942, and played 10 games during the 1942–43 season before breaking his wrist. After recovering from the injury, Detroit assigned him to the American Hockey League where he joined the Indianapolis Capitals. He earned a regular position with the Red Wings during the 1943–44 season, scoring 4 goals and 18 points. In the next two seasons he averaged 21 points while only being assessed an average of 8 penalty minutes and scored a career high 11 goals in 1945–46.The following season he earned his first post-season honour, when he was named a Second Team NHL All-Star. He was also named the Red Wings team MVP. He registered a career high 17 penalty minutes in 1947–48 and was named a First Team All-Star. The season also saw the start of a streak of 131 consecutive games where Quackenbush was not assessed a penalty. It began with the final 5 regular season and 10 playoff games that year, continued through the entire 60 regular season and 11 playoff games during the 1948–49 season, and ended after 45 games of the 1949–50 season. At the conclusion of the 1948–49 season, he was awarded the Lady Byng Trophy, the NHL's annual award for sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct. He was the first defenceman to win the award, and remains one of only three in NHL history to capture the trophy.Detroit General Manager Jack Adams detested the award and felt that any player who won it did not belong on his team, so he promptly traded Quackenbush. He was sent to the Boston Bruins with Pete Horeck for Pete Babando, Lloyd Durham, Clare Martin and Jimmy Peters, Sr.

Quackenbush became a fan favourite upon his arrival in Boston, where his offensive style of play was compared to former Bruin (and fellow Hall of Famer) Eddie Shore. In his first season in Boston, Quackenbush scored 8 goals and 25 points. He continued to stay out of the penalty box, registering only 4 penalty minutes. However, it marked the first time in three seasons that he was not named to the NHL All-Star Team. The Bruins defence core was depleted by injury in 1950–51, forcing the team to use several first year players. While this resulted in Quackenbush having to play more minutes, including a game where he played 55 minutes, it also gave him the opportunity to play with his brother Max.It was the only time the two played professionally together. He also set a career high in points with 29 and was again named a First Team NHL All-Star. Over the next five seasons Quackenbush hovered around the 20 point mark and was never assessed more than 8 penalty minutes in a year. Quackenbush retired following the 1955–56 season, having accumulated only 95 penalty minutes over 774 games. This averaged out to seven seconds a game, one of the lowest in NHL history for a player at any position. He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1976. Personal
Following his NHL career, Quackenbush worked as a manufacturer's agent while attending night school at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts.At Northeastern, he earned an Associate's degree in engineering. Quackenbush also became an assistant coach at Northeastern. In 1967, he became the head coach for Princeton University's men's ice hockey team, a position he would hold for six seasons. His best season was his first in 1967–68, when the Tigers posted a 13–10–0 record. It was the highest win total for Princeton since 1935–36. However, his success with the men's ice hockey team would not last; Princeton won no more than five games for their next five seasons. His worst campaign was in 1970–71, when Princeton had two 11 game losing streaks and a 1–22–0 overall record.Because of this, Quackenbush stepped down as the head coach in 1973. In 1969 he began coaching the Princeton men's golf team. He enjoyed much greater success with the golf team, leading them to eight Ivy League championships. In 1978 Princeton started a women's ice hockey team, and Quackenbush was asked to coach them. He was still coaching the golf team but decided to accept the additional position and led them to three consecutive Ivy League championships between 1982 and 1984. Quackenbush retired from coaching in 1985, after which he moved to Orlando, Florida, where he lived for several years before moving to New Jersey in 1997. He married Joan Kalloch and the couple had three sons, Bruce, Scott and Todd.At the time of his death, Quackenbush also had seven grandchildren. He died of pneumonia and complications from Alzheimer's disease on September 12, 1999, at Chandler Hall Hospice in Newtown, Pennsylvania, at the age of 77. Playing style
Quackenbush was an offensive defenceman who carried the puck up the ice, making use of his stick handling, passing skills and ability to read the play. Over the course of his career, he was considered one of the elite rushing defenceman in the NHL. He was a solid checker, but relied more on positioning and discipline than physical play. This is evident by his low yearly average of penalty minutes and the fact that he was assessed only one major penalty throughout his NHL career. Defensively he made use of poke checks to take the puck from his opponents and excelled at getting to loose pucks and clearing them out of the defensive zone.He was adept at keeping opposing forwards from creating offence from behind the net. Awards and honours
 Lady Byng Trophy (1949)
 Three time NHL First Team All-Star (1948, 1949, 1951)
 Two time NHL Second Team All-Star (1947, 1953)
 Eight time NHL All-Star Game participant (1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954)
 Honored Member of the Hockey Hall of Fame (1976)

Career statistics

All statistics taken from NHL.com

Head coaching record

Men's

References

External links

1922 births
1999 deaths
Boston Bruins players
Brantford Lions players
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Detroit Red Wings players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Indianapolis Capitals players
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Sportspeople from Toronto

masks: Bill Bill


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Nick Rotteveel (; born 6 January 1989), professionally known as <mask> or Monocule, is a Dutch DJ, record producer and remixer from Amerongen, Utrecht Province. He has worked with, and received support from DJs, such as Tiësto, Fedde le Grand, Sander van Doorn, David Guetta, Calvin Harris, Armand van Helden, Avicii and Hardwell. He currently ranks at number 26 on DJ Mags annual Top 100 DJs poll. He is known for his viral hit song "Toulouse". Early life
Nick Rotteveel was born and raised in Amerongen, the Netherlands. He moved to Kingston, Ontario, Canada for a year, and later moved back to the Netherlands to continue his education where he did his final semesters in France. Career
<mask> signed to Once Records and released the tracks "Privilege" and "Qwerty".It was followed by the track "Funktion One" was released, which was mixed by Azucar (from Madskillz and Gregor Salto) and later added "Hear My Sound". In 2009 he remixed  Tony Cha Cha's track "Get on the Floor" and a bootleg for David Guetta entitled "When Love Takes Over". Both tracks increased his profile and the Ministry of Sound contacted him to do some remixes on their label. He also made a remix for the Dirty South track "Alamo". In 2010 <mask> came up with a new track called "My Friend" (released on Spinnin' Records) which features a sample from the well known Groove Armada track of the same name. "My Friend" has been played by DJs and record producers such as Tiësto, Axwell, Fedde Le Grand, Sander van Doorn and many more. The track reached Number 4 at Beatport worldwide overall chart, Number 1 at Dance-Tunes chart and several other famous DJ charts.2011 saw <mask> release plenty of remixes such as "Where Them Girls At" by David Guetta featuring Flo Rida and Nicki Minaj, "What A Feeling" by Alex Gaudino featuring Kelly Rowland, "Stronger" by Erick Morillo and Eddie Thoneick featuring Shawnee Taylor, "Where Is The Love" by Eddie Thoneick and "Rockin' High" by Ben Liebrand. 2012–2013: Mainstream success

In 2012, <mask> achieved popularity with the recording "Toulouse", which became a mainstay on the Beatport Top Ten for a significant period of time. Recognizing his talent, MTV named him an EDM artist to watch in 2012. His popularity has risen in recent years, and he has attained a joint residency with David Guetta at party hot spot Ibiza for the summer of 2012. In October 2012, <mask> received the DJ Mag 'Highest New Entry' award on DJ Mag's top 100 DJs fan poll, and with spot number 17, he is one of the highest new entries ever, together with Skrillex and Dash Berlin. In that same year, <mask> collaborated with Swedish DJ/Producer, Avicii, to produce the highly anticipated single "I Could Be the One" which became a massive success across Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom, where the single debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart on 17 February 2013 ― for the week ending on 23 February 2013 ― becoming both <mask> and Avicii's first chart-topper in the UK. On the UK Dance Chart, "I Could Be the One" debuted at number one ahead of Baauer's "Harlem Shake", which entered at number two.Following "I Could Be the One" in 2013, <mask>, "Legacy" also saw Beatport chart success hitting the No. 1 spot. <mask> then took on a collaboration with Sunnery James & Ryan Marciano, "S.O.T.U. ", that he released on Steve Angello's Size Records. Amid his 2013 releases, he performed as a resident at The Light Las Vegas and he also played numerous major festivals including Ultra Music Festival, Coachella, Electric Daisy Carnival Las Vegas and Puerto Rico, Sensation White, and Tomorrowland, amongst others.One of his most notable gigs was at TomorrowWorld where he was one of the first music acts to present an interactive performance experience using Google Glass. In October 2013, <mask> ranked at number 7 on DJ Mags Top 100 DJs annual fan poll. He helms his own weekly radio show, Protocol Radio and his own record label, Protocol Recordings. 2014–present: Studio work
In June 2014 he released a song called "Feet On The Ground" with vocals by the Dutch singer Anouk. Beside his music, he is up for different kinds of charity projects, as '10.000 Hours – People Planet Party' which is made to help renovate playgrounds for disadvantaged kids. "Legacy" was used as the backing track by Australian television network Channel Seven in on-air promotions for the 2014 season return of hit show Revenge. After the advertisement's high rotation during the high rating 2014 Australian Open, the song charted in Australia at number 50.In August 2014, <mask> partnered with EDM lifestyle brand Electric Family to produce a collaboration bracelet for which 100% of the proceeds are donated to Fuck Cancer. In Nover 2015, <mask> indicated that he had been suffering from anxiety which forced him to reduce his touring commitments and scale back his studio work. In 2018, <mask> released a song with ROZES, titled "Where Would We Be". Other productions
In addition to all "<mask>" singles, he also co-produced the track "Right Now" (featuring David Guetta) from Rihanna's seventh studio album Unapologetic, which was released on 19 November 2012. Before his performance at Tomorrowland, he mentioned in an interview with MTV that he was also working on a new project with Rihanna. He co-wrote and produced "It Should Be Easy" by Britney Spears for her eighth studio album Britney Jean. <mask> also co-produced "Bang My Head" (featuring Sia Furler) and "No Money No Love" from David Guetta's 2014 album titled Listen.Furthermore, he co-produced "Dragon Night" from Sekai no Owari's second studio album Tree. Criticism
As <mask> has become more popular, he has become the target of criticism from underground music producers and underground music satire web articles; subjects include his actual abilities and contribution to the electronic music canon. Critics have targeted his style, his appearance and his music-production abilities. Such suggestions describes elements of <mask>'s abilities as brief and insufficient. <mask> has since rebuffed the suggestions as minor. Other ventures

Protocol RecordingsProtocol Recordings''' is a Dutch record label founded on May 8, 2012 by electronic music producer and DJ <mask>. They have released music by notable underground electronic artists such as Blasterjaxx, Don Diablo, R3hab, Vicetone, Stadiumx, Thomas Gold, Arno Cost and Volt & State.The label's first release was "WTF!?" by <mask> and ZROQ. Protocol Recordings has become a successful record label as a result of releases by <mask>. The most successful international single from the label was Like Home by <mask> and Australian duo NERVO, which reached 37th place in Sweden, 15th place in the general chart and 5th place in the dance chart of the Netherlands and 33rd place in the singles chart and 9th place in the dance chart of the United Kingdom. Five releases have reached number one on the Beatport Top 100. Four of these have been produced by <mask> and another, Howl At The Moon, produced by Hungarian duo StadiumX, which reached 59th place in the French SNEP chart. Protocol Radio is a weekly podcast and syndicated radio show created in 2013 and is hosted by <mask>.It comprises upcoming releases on Protocol Recordings and tracks that he supports. In 2019, <mask> joined fellow DJ, Steve Aoki, in his investment in the Rogue esports team. In 2021 <mask> expanded his output by delivering an in-depth music production masterclass for aspiring DJs and producers. Filmography

<mask> made a cameo appearance in the 2015 film We Are Your Friends'', starring Zac Efron. He appeared in the ending, playing himself during the movie's Summerfest party. Discography

References

External links

 Official site
 Label site

1989 births
Living people
Dutch DJs
Dutch house musicians
Dutch expatriates in Canada
Dutch expatriates in France
People from Amerongen
Progressive house musicians
Electronic dance music DJs

masks:
Nicky Romero
Romero
Nicky Romero
Romero
Romero
Nicky Romero
Romero
Romero
Romeroella
Romero
Romero
Nicky
Romero
Nicky Romero
Nicky Romero
Romero
Romero
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Romero
Nicky Romero
Nicky Romero
Nicky Romero
Nicky Romero
Nicky Romero
Nicky Romero
Romero
Nicky Romero
Romero


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<mask> (994 CE - 1052 CE)  was a Chola emperor and the successor of his father, Rajendra I. During his short reign, he helped his father conquer many territories and maintained the Chola authority over most of Sri Lanka, Eastern Chalukya, Kalinga, etc. and the relations with overseas domains despite a series of revolts in the territory. <mask>’s record shows that he was a born fighter who was very capable of maintaining a vast and expansive empire with territories even outside the shores of India. He was a great warrior who always led his soldiers from the front. His life is a testimony to a great king who fought his own wars, standing shoulder to shoulder with his men on front lines. He earned the title Jayamkonda Chola (The Victorious Cholan) after numerous victories.Towards the end of his reign, he sacked the Western Chalukyan capital Kalyanapuram and assumed the title Kalyanapuramgonda Chola and performed a Virabhisheka (anointment of heroes) under the name Vijaya Rajendra Cholan (the victorious Rajendra Cholan). Long Apprenticeship

<mask> <mask> was made co-regent very early in his reign (1018). From that day onward, father and son ruled together and shared the burdens of the empire. From the inscriptions of Rajadhiraja it is evident that Rajadhiraja ruled in full regal status in the lifetime of his father. Rajadhiraja was at the forefront of most of his father's military campaigns. Military Campaigns

Revolts in Lanka

The Buddhist text Mahavamsa shows that the years following the defeat and deportation of the Sinhalese king Mahinda V by Rajendra in 1017 CE were filled with revolt and anarchy due uprisings by the Sinhalese subjects against the reign of the Chola invaders. Mahinda was captured and transported to the Chola country as prisoner where he died 12 years later.Mahinda’s son Kassapa had formed the resistance against the Chola occupiers and the revolts were centred on Kassapa. Kassapa managed to face off the almost 95,000 strong Chola army for over six months and push them northwards from the Rohana area in southern Sri Lanka he then crowned himself Vikramabahu in 1029 C.E. Cholas never intended to subjugate the entire island of Sri Lanka and only occupied the whole island for a period of about 10 years. Sinhalese resistance was assisted by various Pandyan princes against their common enemy. Pandyas had a very close political as well as marital relationship with the Sinhalese. During <mask>’s reign this became very acute as Vikramabahu launched an all out attack on the Tamil armies to expel them from the island. He was assisted by a Pandya prince Vikarama Pandya and Jagatpala, a prince from the distant Kanauj in North India.Rajadhiraja’s forces battled and killed these princes. The version of the Mahavamsa has to be taken in the right perspective in that it states itself to be a Buddhist chronicle and its point of view is only supposed to favour Buddhist subjects. We cannot expect it to speak in very complimentary terms about non-Buddhist kings. In any case, at least in war, the Cholas were known to be very uncompromising with their enemies and believed in eliminating them rather than setting them free. whether it was the "Chalukyas", "Pandyas" or the "Ilangai kings"... their treatment was the same, which the Mahavamsa chroniclers found inhuman.What is valourous and uncompromising warfare on the part of the Cholas was described as brutal conduct when it came to describing defeats of the rulers of Eelam (Sri Lanka). The same Mahavamsa records however, prefer not to throw any light on the looting and killing of traders and businessmen from South India visiting the Island of Ilangai or even other prosperous Tamils coming to see their relations in the Island. Either the traders or ordinary citizens from Tamil country were being regularly waylaid or looted merely because the Sinhalese could not tolerate their presence in the island.The Chola kings particularly from the time of Rajendra <mask> I, on coming to know of the ill-treatment meted out to the visitors from Tamil country in Ilangai, took prompt measures to punish the wrong-doers among the local Sinhalese in Ilangai, which information is available in scores of Tamil records[**]. The Chola provinces in Lanka were a separate administrative division of the empire. The deep southern half was however a Sinhalese stronghold in perpetual conflict with the Cholas. Prince Kitti, son of Vikramabahu became Vijayabahu in 1058 CE and took over the leadership of the resistance. The victorious generals of Cholas executed the captured lankan generals along with their family members, mainly in return for their disrupting traders activities from South India in the Lankan mainland by looting and killing them for their riches. More details included by Rithwik Rakshan S (Youth Historian)

Continuing Chalukya Wars

<mask>, eager to subdue the rising power of the Western Chalukyas and to restore Chola influence with the Eastern Chalukyas in Vengi, personally led an expedition into the Telugu country in 1046 CE. He defeated the Western Chalukya forces in a battle at Dannada on the river Krishna and set fire to their fort.This expedition was followed by number of raids into the Chalukya country by the Chola army in which they captured several generals and feudatories of Chalukya, demolished the Chalukya palace at Kampali. The victorious Chola forces crossed the Krishna river and erected a victory pillar at a place called Yetagiri. After more fighting, Kalyani, the capital of Chalukya, which is identified as Kalyan or Basavakalyan in Bidar was sacked. Cholas also placed a victory pillar in Kolhapur or Kollapuram in Maharashtra.The victorious Rajadhiraja entered the capital of the vanquished Chalukyas and his coronation was performed at 'Kalyanapura', subsequent to which he assumed the title Vijayarajendra. Someshvara I was banished to places like Rodda, Kadambalige and Kogali 1000 territories in the Nolambavadi areas[**]. In 1050 CE Chalukya king Someshvara reneged on his payment of tribute to his Chola overlords and usurped the Chalukya throne from the Chola viceroy in Kalyani (modern Basavakalyan). He also sent an expedition to Vengi in order to re-inforce Western Chalukyan hegemony over the Eastern Chalukyas, whom they always regarded as their dominions.It is also speculated that Someshvara I 'may' have captured Kanchi and Kalinga. However, according to Nilakanta Sastri and Majumdar, these are baseless claims because Someshvara I had as his feudatories the Uchangi Pandyas and the Nolamba Pallavas who had provided shelter to his predecessors Jayasimha-II and Satyashraya. The Nolamba Pallavas pompously held the birudas 'Lord of Kanchi', which may lead one to believe that the feudatories of the Chalukyas were ruling from Kanchi or occupying Kanchipuram, both of which presumptions are false. Also, the Cholas were controlling Kalinga through the Vengi Kings like Vimaladitya and Raja Raja Narendra who were related to the Chola Kings. While Someshvara-I did destabilise Vengi by temporarily displacing Rajaraja Narendra, this act also initially disturbed Chola connections with Kalinga. This however, was short-lived for immediately <mask>-I set off for war against Someshvara-I and that too not at Vengi or Kalinga but by the Chalukya capital itself. But that was after thoroughly preparing himself for war before which he undertook in 1052, the task of anointing his younger brother Rajendra <mask> II as co-regent in preference to his own sons.The latter seems to have ascended the throne in 12th for he has the title Rajakesari from then on. When these tasks were completed, in 1054 Rajadhiraja invaded the Chalukyan territory[**]. Rajadhiraja invaded Rattamandalam (southern Karnataka) and immediately seized many of the southern parts of Chalukyan territory like Uchangi, Nulambavadi, Kadambalige, Kogali etc. These developments shook Someshvara-I, who had given himself the title of Trailokyamalla after installing his puppet in Vengi and he had to rush back to save his own kingdom and he had no option but to march against the marauding Chola armies. The two armies met at a place called Koppam on the banks of the Krishna River[**]. Inscriptions

Rajadhiraja's inscriptions begin with the introduction tingaler-taru. The following is an inscription from the Svetaranyesvara temple in Tiruvenkadu, a few miles from Vaitheeswaran temple.It mentions the king's father, i.e., emperor Rajendra <mask> I

There is another inscription of the king his 29th regnal year from the Manimangalam village about donation of land which speaks on a detailed way his military achievements. Inscription goes on to describe the following:

a. Appointment of his 7 relatives as governors to Chera, Chalukya, Pandya, Ganga, Ceylon, Pallava and Kanyakubja (Kannauj – UP). b. Victorious war against ahavamalla, vikki, vijayaditya who are Someswarar I, Vikramaditya VI and Vijayaditya respectively of Western Chalukya and the burning of Kollipakai. c. His exploits at Ceylon where he attacked its four kings (Vikramabahu, Veera Salamegan, Vikrama Pandya and Srivallabha madanaraja) . Out of four, vira salamegan had initially ruled over Kannauj. Rajadhiraja while sacking Ceylon had seized his elder sister and his wife and also went on to cut the nose of his mother.d. On his second raid to chalukyan kingdom, he went on to burn Kampili and he died on the battle field at Kopam. There is one inscription by Western Chalukya which was inscribed in Annigere which talks of a wicked chozha who had abandoned his religious practices and burned Jaina temples and ultimately yielded his head to someswara. Another inscription of the king from a temple in Chingleput district is as follows,

Here is the inscription from Kolar in Karnataka:

Sometime after he ascended the throne, he placed Rajendra <mask> II as a co-regent. Rajendra <mask> II would reign alongside Rajadhiraja until the latter's death after which he ascended the throne. Death on the Battlefield

He was one of the greatest and bravest warriors in the Chola dynasty and sadly perished alone in a northern battlefield (Battle of Koppam). From the manner of his death, Rajadhiraja came to be known as Yanai-mel-thunjina Devar (the king who died on the back of an elephant). From the time he was chosen heir-apparent by his father to the day when he laid down his life on the field of battle, Rajadhiraja led the life of a warrior king and led many campaigns in person.Rajadhiraja was first and foremost a soldier and possibly his great military talent formed the reason for his being preferred for succession against an elder brother of his. Personal life

Rajadhiraja employed his father’s brother, his own brothers, elder and younger, in important offices of state and constituted them into subordinate rulers of regions of his empire. We know of the title (Trilokyam Udaiyar) rather than the actual name of a queen. His queens do not figure prominently in his records. Apart from Vijaya Rajendra, he took the titles of Virarajendra Varman, Ahavamally Kulantaka and Kalyanapurangondachola. His children seem to have been overlooked in the succession to the Chola throne for a brief time. Officials

Vira-Vichchadira(Vidyadhara)-Muvendavelan was a prominent military officer of this king.He has made several generous donations to the various temples in Kalavara nadu, a sub-division of Nigarili-Chola-mandalam (part of present-day Karnataka) where he was deployed. Vettan Panachanadi-Vānan alias Madurāntaka-tTamil-pperaiyan of Tandāngurai in Vilānādu belonging to the Pandikulasani valanadu of Sola-mandalam was the overseer of the dandanayakas. Santi Kuttan Tiruvalan Tirumud Kunran alias Vijaya Rajendra Acharyan, an actor was in charge of the troupe that were responsible for  enacting the Rajarajeswara Natakam (a musical), in the Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur. Velala Madurantakam alias Dandanayakan Rajadhiraja Ilangovelan was another officer from Nadar, a village of Tiraimur-nadu which was a sub-division of Uyyakondan-valanadu in Sola-mandalam. He has donated 90 sheep to a temple in Tiruvorriyur during the 3rd year of the reign of Rajendra Chola II when the latter was still a co-regent of the king. Religion
The Shaiva Siddhanta school of thought was prevalent and the Bhakti poetry of the Nayanars were encouraged and sang in the temples. We have a record dated in the twenty eighth year of the king's reign from the Adhipurisvara temple in Tiruvorriyur which mentions the Tiruttondatogai of Sundarar and the names of the sixty three Nayanars.Notes

References

 Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1935). The CōĻas, University of Madras, Madras (Reprinted 1984). Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002). South Indian shrines: illustrated By P. V. Jagadisa Ayyar
 The Chālukyas of Kalyāṇa and the Kalachuris By Balakrishnan Raja Gopal

Chola kings
1052 deaths
11th-century Indian monarchs
Hindu monarchs
Indian military leaders

masks:
Rajadhiraja Chola
Rajadhiraja Chola
Rajadhiraja
Chola
Rajadhiraja
Chola
Rajadhiraja
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<mask> is an academician, music teacher and carnatic vocalist noted for her research and publications in the field of music. Her research on Kathakali music led to her doctorate in this field. She currently serves as professor and Head of the Department of Music at the University of Kerala. She also chairs Sangeetha Bharathi, a private organization. K<mask> is also serving as a senior faculty of the Music Therapy Department of the Pankaja Kasthuri Ayurvedic Medical College, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram. She is also the founder chairman and secretary of Thiruvananthapuram-based Sangeeta Bharati. Her disciples includes K. S. Chithra, B. Arundhathi, K. S. Harisankar, Manjari,  K. S. Resmi among others.Her elder brother, M. G. Radhakrishnan was a music director in Malayalam movie industry and her younger brother, M. G. Sreekumar is a playback singer. Early life and education
K<mask> was born in the year 1943 near Haripad in Kerala. She was born into a family of musicians. Her father, Malabar Gopalan Nair, was a harmonium player and carnatic musician, who was a regular presence in stage shows across South India. Her mother, Medayil <mask> Amma, was also a carnatic musician. Her brother M. G. Radhakrishnan was a composer and another brother M. G. Sreekumar is both a composer and playback singer. She had her formal education from a school in her village.Later in 1963, she completed her graduation in Zoology from a degree college affiliated to Kerala University. Due to her interest in music, she joined in the Thiruvananthapuram-based Music Academy to pursue a Gana Praveena course in Music. On successfully completing the course in Music from that organization, <mask> Amma started working as a lecturer in the Music Department of Government Maharaja's College for Women in Thiruvananthapuram. While working in the Music department of the college, she completed her part-time degree course in Music. After successfully completing the degree course in Music, Omanakutty became a Second Grade Professor in the same department of the college. In this designation, she continued to teach students of the department with dedication for a period of 6 years. In recognition of the quality services provided by her in academics and music field, Omanakutty was promoted to the designation of the First Grade Professor of Music in the same department.During this period, many reputed musicians of today joined the course and successfully completed their formal training in Music from the department. Subsequently, she did her post graduation and doctoral programs in the field of Music from the same department successfully. For her doctoral degree program, the subject of her research was the origin and the evolution of Kathakali music in Kerala. Degrees:
Ph.D. (Origin and the Evolution of Kadhakali Music), University of Kerala
M.A. (Music), University of Kerala, 1st Rank
B.A. (Music), University of Kerala, 1st Rank
Ganapraveena, Swati Tirunal College of Music, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
B.Sc. (Zoology), University of Kerala.Career

Musician
While working as a senior faculty of Music at Government College for Women, the septuagenarian regularly took part in music concerts in different parts of the country. While preparing for the concerts, Omanakutty came across the works of the composer-musician king Swathi Thirunal. That point in time, many of his works were lying in oblivion. With the help of her disciples, she painstakingly analyzed his works and put them in order to make them presentable to the present-day audience. Later, she and her disciples started using Swathi Thirunal's compositions in their concerts to popularize them. One such discovery that was made during this period was a work on Tillana, a composition created by Swathi Thirunal. During her later years as a musician, she came to know about the effect of music on the psyche of human beings and other animals.After having read the resources available on the topic, she decided to devote her remaining time on this unexplored field of music. For serving this purpose, she established an organization called Sangeeta Bharati. Apart from doing research on Music Therapy, it also provides authentic music training to the budding musicians of the state. In recognition of her service in the upcoming field of Music Therapy, the authorities of Panakaja Kasthuri Ayurvedic Medical College in Thiruvananthapurm have made her the senior-most faculty in the organization to assist them in administering the medical cure through music. K. Omanakutty has performed more than 300 music concerts, exclusively of Swathi Thirunal kritis, as part of popularizing the Maharaja's compositions across the world. To this effect, Swathi Pancharatnam has performed by 500 students from Thiruvananthapuram district at Vyloppilly Sanskriti Bhavan in December 2015 with a focus to penetrate Maharaja's pancharatna kritis like that of Tyagaraja's Pancharatna Kriti. Now, under the social justice department of Government of Kerala, music therapy is applying to the inmates of Poojapura and Pulayanarkotta old age homes for the mental solace of the inmates staying there in every month.Academia
Omanakutty has teaching experience for 37 years as Lecturer and Professor in music. She retired from service in 2003 as professor and Head of Department of Music [HOD] from the Department of Music, University of Kerala. She was the first professor in Department of Music, University of Kerala. Personal life
Her husband M. P. Gopinathan Nair was a chief engineer of All India Radio. Her only daughter <mask> Lekshmi and son-in-law K. S. Sreekumar are also musicians. <mask>'s grandchildren, K. S. Harisankar is a playback singer and K. S. Ravisankar is a violinist. Awards
 1997 – Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award (Classical Music)
 2012 – Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship (Classical Music)
 2013 – Subbulakshmi Award
 2020 – Swathi Sangeetha Puraskaram

References

Women Carnatic singers
Carnatic singers
20th-century Indian educators
Indian women classical singers
Indian women musicologists
Indian musicologists
Singers from Kerala
20th-century Indian women singers
Educators from Kerala
Women musicians from Kerala
Women educators from Kerala
People from Changanassery
20th-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian women singers
Kerala academics
20th-century women educators
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Kamalakshi Omanakutty
. Omanakutty
. Omanakutty
Kamalakshi
Omanakutty
Kamala
Omanakutty


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<mask> (born 22 February 1961) is a French historian, director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études and holder of the chair in Histoire et sociologie des protestantismes. He mainly writes on the history of religious minorities, the construction of a secularised French Republic and French resistance to the Shoah. Life
He was born in Alès and studied at the lycée Alphonse-Daudet. Publications

Author
 Les Protestants et la République, de 1870 à nos jours, Complexe, 2000. Les Mots de la religion dans l'Europe contemporaine, Presses universitaires du Mirail, 2001. Trames religieuses et paysages culturels dans l'Europe du XIXe siècle, Seli Arslan, 2002. La République du certificat d'études.Histoire et anthropologie d'un examen, Belin, 2002. Le Dieu de la République (1860-1900), Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2003. Les Mots de la laïcité, Presses universitaires du Mirail, 2004. Juifs et protestants en France, les affinités électives : xvie – xxie siècle, Fayard, 2004. 1905. La Séparation des Églises et de l'État, Geste Éditions, coll. « 30 questions », 2005.Cévennes. Un jardin d’Israël, Cahors, La Louve éditions, 2e éd., 2006. La Tour de Constance et Le Chambon-sur-Lignon. L'oubli et le royaume, Cahors, La Louve éditions, 2007. Entre religions et laïcité. La voie française, xixe – xxie siècle, Privat, 2007. Le Tour de la nation par des enfants.Romans scolaires et espaces nationaux, XIXe - XXIe siècle, Belin, 2007. Voyage en religions. Histoire des lieux de culte en Languedoc et Roussillon, Nouvelles Presses du Languedoc, 2007. Chère mademoiselle… - Alice Ferrières et les enfants cachés de Murat, Éditions Calmann-Lévy, 2010
 Histoire des Justes en France, Armand Colin, 2012
 Résister. Voix protestantes, Alcide, 2012
 Histoire des protestants en France, Fayard, 2012
 De la paix aux résistances. Les protestants en France 1930-1945, Fayard, 2015,
 La Question nationale au xix siècle, La Découverte, coll. « Repères », éd.2015 [1997]. Ferdinand Buisson. Père de l'école laïque, Labor et Fides, 2016
 Le Protestantisme français, la belle histoire xvie – xxie siècle, Alcide, 2017
 Alexis Muston Journal (1825-1850), Grenoble, PUG, coll. « La Pierre et l'écrit », 2018
 Nous devions le faire, nous l’avons fait, c’est tout. Cévennes, l’histoire d’une terre de refuge, 1940-1944, Alcide, 2018,
 1942. Mgr Saliège, une voix contre la déportation des juifs, Portet-sur-Garonne, Éditions Midi-Pyrénéennes, 2018
 Histoire des Cévennes, PUF, coll. « Que sais-je ?», no. 3342 8e éd. 2019 [1998] . La Maison sur la montagne. Le Coteau fleuri, 1942-1945, Albin Michel, 2019, p.|257
 Deux peintres du refuge : artistes juifs dans les Cévennes (1942-1944), Alcide, 2020 . Évangéliser en France au xx siècle : histoire de La Cause (1920-2020), Paris, La Cause, 2021 . Editor
 Dire les Cévennes - Mille ans de témoignages, preface by Philippe Joutard, Presses du Languedoc/Club cévenol, 1994
 La Tunisie mosaïque, diasporas, cosmopolitisme, archéologie de l’identité, with Jacques Alexandropoulos, Presses universitaires du Mirail, 2000.Questions de démocratie, co-edited with Jean-Marc Février, Presses universitaires du Mirail, 2000. Les Camisards et leur mémoire 1702-2002, with Philippe Joutard, (international colloquum), Presses du Languedoc, Sète 2002. .
 La Deuxième Guerre mondiale, des terres de refuge aux musées, with Laurent Gervereau, Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, 2003. La Fabrique des nations. Figures de l'État-nation dans l'Europe du ix siècle, with Michel Bertrand and Bertrand de Lafargue, Les Éditions de Paris, 2003. Un modèle d'intégration. Juifs et israélites en France et en Europe, xixe – xxe siècles, with Chantal Bordes-Benayoun, Berg International, 2004. Religions, pouvoir et violence, with Michel Bertrand, Presses universitaires du Mirail, 2005.Le Grand Exil des congrégations religieuses françaises 1901-1914, with Jean-Dominique Durand, éd. du Cerf, 2005. Cévennes, terre de refuge (1940-1944), with Philippe Joutard and Jacques Poujol, 5e éd. Nouvelles Presses du Languedoc, 2012 [1987]. Une France en Méditerranée. Écoles, langue et culture françaises, xixe – xxe siècles, Créaphis, 2006. Lettres d'exil 1901-1909.Les congrégations françaises dans le monde après les lois laïques de 1901 et 1904, Turnhout, Brepols, 2008. Le Siècle des excès, with Patrice Touchard, Christine Bermond-Bousquet, Maxime Lefebvre, PUF, 7e éd., 2010. Histoire régionale de la Shoah, with Jacques Fijalkow, Les Éditions de Paris, 2011. La montagne refuge - Accueil et sauvetage des juifs autour du Chambon-sur-Lignon, with Philippe Joutard, Jacques Sémelin, Annette Wieviorka, Albin Michel, 2013. Les Cévennes au XXI siècle, une renaissance, Alcide, 2014. Dictionnaire biographique des protestants français de 1787 à nos jours, tome 1, A-C (2015) and tome 2, D-G (2020), with André Encrevé, éditions de Paris/Max Chaleil, XXVI-831 p. .
 Croire, s’engager, chercher. Autour de Jean Baubérot, du protestantisme à la laïcité, with Valentine Zuber and Raphaël Liogier, Turnhout, Brepols, 2016 .La Saga Bost. Une famille protestante (xviie – xxie siècle), with Laurent Gervereau, Genève, Labor et Fides, 2017 . Protestantismes, convictions & engagements. Colloque international, historique & interreligieux, Olivétan, 2019

Awards
 1988 : prix Pays-Protestants  for Cévennes, terre de refuge (1940-1944). 2005 : Cabri d'or for Cévennes, un jardin d'Israël. 2012 :
 chevalier of the Légion d'honneur. prix Philippe-Viannay for Histoire des Justes en France
 2013 : prix Le-Dissez-de-Penanrun from the Académie des sciences morales et politiques

References

Bibliography
  André Encrevé, « <mask> », in <mask> et André Encrevé (dir.), Dictionnaire biographique des protestants français de 1787 à nos jours, tome 1 : A-C, , Les Éditions de Paris/Max Chaleil, Paris, 2015 . Serge Velay, Michel Boissard and Catherine Bernié-Boissard, « <mask> », in Petit dictionnaire des écrivains du Gard, Nîmes, Alcide, 2009 (ISBN 978-2-917743-07-2), p. 57. External links
  Biography on the École pratique des hautes études site

Living people
1961 births
21st-century French historians
French historians of religion
Historians of Protestantism
Historians of Jews and Judaism
École Normale Supérieure alumni
École pratique des hautes études faculty
People from Alès
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

masks:
Patrick Cabanel
Patrick Cabanel
Patrick Cabanel
Patrick Cabanel


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<mask> is an Australian Islamic preacher of Aboriginal heritage from Perth, Western Australia. <mask> is noted for his controversial views on Islamic militant groups including Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. <mask> is a member of the Australian branch of Millatu Ibrahim, a Salafi organisation banned in Germany. In August 2015 <mask> was sentenced to between four and eight months jail for travelling on an aircraft under a false name, and using fake ID to obtain his ticket. Personal life
<mask> was born to a Noongar Aboriginal man named <mask> and to a Malaysian Muslim woman. His parents divorced and <mask>'s mother remarried a Moroccan Muslim. In 1996, when <mask> was five he was taken to Saudi Arabia to live as his stepfather secured work there.<mask> lived and studied in Saudi Arabia and became transcultured as a Muslim Arab. He stayed in Saudi Arabia until the age of twenty three. His older brother Shayden was sentenced by Saudi authorities to four and half years on terrorism charges. <mask> was deported from Saudi Arabia to Western Australia in July 2013 after protesting his brother's imprisonment. For his part in the 2016 "Tinnie terror plot", Shayden <mask> was sentenced to three years and ten months jail. Shayden  was released in early March 2020, under an interim control order. In November 2014, <mask> <mask> moved from Perth to Sydney.<mask> is on the Australian Federal Government's terrorism watchlist for his inflammatory social media posts and for lectures indicating support for Islamic State. On 15 January 2015 <mask>'s home in Bass Hill, New South Wales was raided by Australian Federal Police (AFP) officers. He was served with a notice to appear at court in Perth. When traveling between Sydney and Perth, with Omer Issak and Mostafa Shiddiquzzaman, they all used false names. All three plead guilty to the charges. Shiddiquzzuman was sentenced to four months in custody, while Issak received a "community-based order" earlier the same year in Perth. On 15 June 2015 <mask> was sentenced to nine months' jail.He was released on bail pending an appeal of his sentence. In August <mask> was sentenced to eight months, with a minimum of four. He is being held in segregation at Goulburn Correctional Centres supermax facility after being classified with the most secure rating, AA. In 2019 <mask> was charged with drug- and firearm-supply offences. Activities
<mask> has been an active Islamic preacher in the Muslim community of Australia; he has given a series of lectures at local Islamic centres known for their hardline views of Islam including the iQraa Islamic centre in Brisbane, the (now-closed) Al Risalah Islamic centre in Bankstown, and the (now closed) Al Furqan Islamic centre in Melbourne. According to <mask>, teenager Numan Haider, who was shot and killed after stabbing two officers from the Joint Counter Terrorism team outside the Endeavour Hills police station in Melbourne, attended a number of his lectures, and he met with the teenager several times. <mask> claimed Haider was "innocent" and had been "murdered in cold blood".Millatu Ibrahim
<mask> <mask> has become a member of the Millatu Ibrahim branch in Perth; Millatu Ibrahim has been banned in Germany. According to <mask>, Millatu Ibrahim means "to follow the path of Ibrahim (Abraham)," who is considered a prophet in the Islamic faith. <mask> has claimed that no connection exists between the Australian and German Millatu Ibrahim groups, stating "just because the name is the same... doesn't imply that they're the same or that they know each other." Ruqyah healing
Following his move to Sydney in November 2014, <mask> turned toward an Islamic form of spiritual healing known as ruqyah; <mask>, collaborating with a Sydney-based healer, Abu Hamza, began a series of lectures on the subject of spirits in Islam or jinn. Views
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
"If I were to vocalise my complete support to them [Islamic State], I would get in trouble... If I was to say that [I] don't support them at all, that would be untrue... I may support them [on] certain issues, while I disagree with them in other issues."Democracy and Sharia
"As Muslims, we do reject democracy, we reject other, we look to Sharia, Sharia law, as our main way of governmental system. Not that we are like trying to impose it here or anything. It's just that what we as Muslims want. Me personally, I want, I would love for Sharia law to be implemented here, but it doesn't mean that I'm going to impose it on anyone. But if there was an Islamic state where Sharia law was being implemented I would happily move there. Because as a Muslim, all Muslims, we see that Sharia law is our salvation, or our solution to the problems that we see nowadays." Charlie Hebdo shooting
<mask> has been critically cited in the media for providing justification for the terrorist attack on the French Charlie Hebdo magazine in Paris, in which 12 people were killed.Victim of trolling
In 2015, <mask> was the victim of Jewish American online troll, and convicted bomber Joshua Ryne Goldberg, who set up a fake account in the name of the preacher with the intention of smearing <mask>, as well as creating fake jihadist personas that interacted with the fake <mask> account, sending screengrabs of these fabricated interactions to journalists. Not realizing that the "jihadist" accounts were controlled by the same hoaxster that was impersonating <mask>, these faked interactions were published in The West Australian on 18 April 2015, and described as evidence of "the deep hatred many of <mask>'s followers harbour towards non-Muslim Australians". See also
Islam in Australia
Islamic organisations in Australia

References

1991 births
Living people
Australian Muslims
Noongar people
Australian people of Malaysian descent
Australian propagandists
Jihadist propagandists
Australian Salafis
People from Perth, Western Australia
Australian male criminals
Prisoners and detainees of New South Wales

masks:
Mohammed Junaid Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Junaid Thorne
Graham Thorne
Junaid
Junaid
Junaid
Junaid
Thorne
Junaid
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Junaid
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne
Thorne


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<mask> [or <mask>] (December 25, 1851 in Oberrot bei Gaildorf, Württemberg – May 1, 1914 in Paris) was a chemist, mining engineer and inventor known for his work with petroleum and sulphur. Biography

Early life
He was the son of Johannes and Frieda Henrietta (Bauer) <mask>. Both his parents were natives of Stuttgart. His father was burgomaster of Gaildorf. <mask> attended the Latin school in Gaildorf and was then apprenticed to a bookseller in nearby Schwäbisch Hall. At the age of 16 or 19, he left the apprenticeship and sailed from Bremen to New York, then took the train to Philadelphia. After his arrival in the United States, he became a lab assistant to John Michael Maisch at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.Engineering career

Oil career
In 1875, <mask> invented a recovery process for tin scrap and process to make white lead from galena. He patented a process for refining paraffin wax in 1876, and sold the patent to Standard Oil, for whom he became a consulting chemist based in Cleveland. In 1884, <mask> sold the exclusive use of his fractional distillation patent, which was more efficient at separating oil into by-products to Imperial Oil. Imperial then hired <mask> to assist them in retrofitting their Silver Star refinery with his refining process. Imperial offered <mask> a fee of $10,000, but he persuaded the company to provide him with a salary that matched the President of Imperial Oil, Frederick A. Fitzgerald. Once <mask>'s completed his work on the refinery in February 1885, he resigned and joined Imperial board member John Minhinnick in founding the Empire Oil Company. The partners purchased a refinery in London, and Frasch began experimenting on a way to remove the sulphur in kerosene refined from Petrolia oil.The oil fields in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada had a high sulphur content, resulting in the kerosene producing excessive smoke and a pungent smell when burned. Canadians nicknamed the kerosene "skunk oil," and refiners had a difficult time marketing their products at home and abroad. Between 1885 and 1887 <mask> determined that mixing copper oxide during the distillation process removed the sulphur content from the oil. Around the same time as <mask>'s discovery, Standard Oil began expanding into Lima, Ohio, and discovered that its oil, like Lambton County's, had a high sulphur content. Recognizing that any improvement in the Canadian oil could also be applied to the Ohio oil, Standard hired <mask> in July 1886, offering him "a salary higher than that of any other scientist in the country," and an exchange of his shares in the Empire Oil Company for Standard Oil shares. Once <mask> returned to the United States, he began working for the Solar Refining Company, a Standard Oil subsidiary in Lima, Ohio, and perfected his desulphurization method. Standard Oil held a patent monopoly on the desulphurization method until 1905, making its investments into the Lima oilfields extremely profitable for the company.<mask> became independently wealthy when he sold half his Standard stock after the price rose from $168 to $820 per share, while the dividend on the stock he retained increased from 7 to 40 percent. Sulphur career
During the search for oil in Louisiana, near the present-day city of Sulphur, sulfur was found below a layer of quicksand. All attempts to get to the sulfur with conventional mining shafts ended in disaster. <mask> drilled three dry holes nearby, but the sulfur was not on his property. <mask> concluded the sulfur was associated with a dome structure located on an island owned by the American Sulphur Company. On 20 Oct. 1890, he took out three patents for his Frasch Process. <mask>, and his business associates Frank Rockefeller and F.B.Squire, then entered into a 50-50 agreement with American Sulphur Company to form a new corporation called Union Sulphur Company. In 1894, <mask> started drilling well No. 14 using a 10-inch pipe, finally getting through the quicksand to the caprock after three months. He then drilled an 8-inch bore to the bottom of the sulphur deposit. A strainer, consisting of perforated 6 inch casing, was placed at the bottom of the 623 feet long test tube. Above the strainer were larger holes acting as the hot water outlet. A 3-inch pipe inside the 6 inch casing descended to the strainer, and was connected to a sucker rod pump.Water, from the surrounding swamp, was heated in a 20 feet high cylinder 30 inches in diameter, from steam supplied by 4 boilers. The superheated water was poured into the well for 24 hours, and on Christmas Day, melted sulphur was pumped to the surface filling 40 barrels in 15 minutes. The excess was then directed to a levee, where it solidified. As <mask> himself said about the first demonstration of the first Frasch Process, "We had melted the mineral in the ground and brought it to the surface as liquid." <mask> then eliminated the pump, by using air lift via compressed air. Bubbles form from the air, making the sulphur less dense than the surrounding water, thus raising the aerated column. Costs were also reduced by replacing wood and coal with oil.Then in 1911, he introduced bleed pumps to draw off excess cold water. In 1908, <mask> entered into an agreement with the Italian Government dividing the world market outside the U.S., where Union Sulphur Co. was guaranteed one-third. His costs were one-fifth that of Sicilian Sulphur mined in Caltanissetta. That agreement ended in 1912. Once his original patents expired, <mask> was unsuccessful in blocking Freeport Sulphur Company from using his process. Legacy
<mask> was awarded the Perkin Medal in 1912. <mask> married Romalda Berkin (1854-1889) in 1869.There is no record of her death. They had 2 children. George Berkin <mask> was born in Philadelphia in 1873. Frieda <mask> (1871-1951) was born in Cleveland. Frieda went on to marry Henry Devereux Whiton, who went on to succeed his father-in-law as president of Union Sulpher Co.

<mask> married his second wife Elizabeth Blee (1858-1924), shortly after his first wife passed away, on June 16, 1890. Frasch Elementary school, a public school in Calcasieu Parish, and Frasch Hall, a building at McNeese State University were named after him. <mask>'s surname is often misspelled Frash.<mask> died at his home in Paris on May 1, 1914, and was buried in Gaildorf. His body and that of his widow, Elizabeth Blee <mask>, were brought to the United States and re-interred in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Sleepy Hollow, New York following the death of Elizabeth in Paris in 1924 . <mask> was awarded 64 U.S. patents during his lifetime. References

Additional reading

History of Sulphur (Sulphur, Louisiana)

Attribution

1851 births
1914 deaths
People from Schwäbisch Hall (district)
19th-century German chemists
20th-century American chemists
19th-century German inventors
19th-century American inventors
German emigrants to the United States
American mining engineers
19th-century German engineers
20th-century American engineers

masks:
Herman Frasch
Hermann Frasch
Frasch
Herman
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Herman Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Frasch
Herman Frasch
Frasch
Frasch


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<mask> (born 1 July 1957) is a Nigerian politician and businessman who is currently the Governor of Edo State. He was first sworn in as governor on 12 November 2016. Before becoming governor, he had served as the chairman of the Edo State Economic and Strategy Team inaugurated by former Governor Adams Oshiomole in March 2009. Obaseki holds post graduate degrees in both Finance and International Business, and is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Stock Brokers, Nigeria. Obaseki served as an executive board member of several private companies including Afrinvest. He is the recipient of the Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) award for best performing Governor of the year in October 2019. Early life and education
Obaseki was born in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Obaseki is the third child of Late Pa Roland Obaseki and Gbinigie of Owina Street, Ogbelaka Quarters, Benin City.He attended St. Matthew's Primary School for his primary school education and proceeded to Eghosa Grammar School, in Benin City, for secondary education. Higher education
Obaseki, thereafter proceeded to the University of Ibadan where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Classics. For his mandatory one year National Youth Service, he served in Jos, Plateau State. He later left Nigeria for the United States to attend Columbia University and Pace University in New York, where he obtained an MBA in Finance and International Business. Obaseki is the founding secretary, (1992), of a US-based Africa Chamber of Commerce. He was also a Director of Junior Achievement of Nigeria – the local affiliate of international Non Profit Organisation (NGO). Career

Investment banking career
Obaseki began his career as a stockbroker in 1983 with Capital Trust Brokers Limited, Lagos.He later transferred his services to the International Merchant Bank. He moved to AVC Funds Limited, Lagos, in 1988, where he served as a Project Manager. He moved back to New York and worked as a Principal of Equatorial Finance Company, a Financial Advisory firm. He focused on Africa and provided Structured Trade Finance for African-related transactions. Afrinvest
In 1995, <mask> Obaseki founded Afrinvest West Africa Limited (formerly Securities Transactions & Trust Company Limited (SecTrust), which has grown to become one of the most reputable investment banking and management firms in Nigeria. Obaseki later stepped down from his position as chairman of the board of directors of Afrinvest in September 2016, to contest the gubernatorial election in Edo State. Politics and public policy
In an article by Vanguard daily, he was tagged the "Wake and See Governor."Pundits say this is because he prefers working and delivering infrastructural projects without prior fanfare or needless rhetoric. Before becoming the Edo State Governor, Obaseki served as the Chairman of the Economic and Strategy Team (EST). In that capacity, he pioneered a number of policy reforms that saw the state restructure its public finance, secure funding for infrastructure and improve the business environment to attract investment in power, agriculture and other critical sectors. Obaseki was also instrumental in attracting the Edo-Azura power project, with support from World Bank to the state. Aside these, some of his other reforms include:

 injecting a culture of regular retreats as a platform for engagement and consensus building in planning, executing and evaluating state development initiatives and their outcomes
 N25 Billion Infrastructure Development Bond from the Nigerian Capital Market in 2010
 inspiring Sector-based Economic Summits and Policy Dialogue Series

For seven years in the administration of Governor Adams Oshiomhole, his predecessor, he served as voluntary Chairman of the Edo State Economic and Strategy Team as well as Chairman of Tax Assessment Review Committee for Edo State Internal Revenue Service (TARC) and the Committee on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), respectively. He was Secretary of the Committee on the Implementation of the Law, Establishing the present Edo University, Iyamho, and member of the Committee on Contributory Pension Scheme and Edo SEEFOR/DPO Steering Committee, respectively. Before serving at the sub-national level, Obaseki served in the Presidential Committee on the Reform of the Nigerian Pension System, which facilitated the introduction of the contributory pension scheme and other novel pension reforms.He also served in the Nigerian Securities and Exchange Commission Committee on the Re-activation of the Nigerian Bond Market and the review of the Investment and Securities Act. Between 2006 and 2009, he served as a member of the Nigerian Stock Exchange Council. He is a Trustee of the Dr Jackson Owen Obaseki Foundation, a family-owned Non-Governmental Organization (NGO). He publicly stated in October 2019 that he will be running for a second term in the State's Gubernatorial election coming up in 2020 stating that his re-election is non-negotiable. He was controversially disqualified from contesting in the APC primary elections by the screening committee due to his disagreements with the National chairman of the party and his predecessor in office comrade Adams Oshiomhole. Policies, projects and initiatives
Since assuming duty as the Executive Governor of Edo State on 12 November 2016, Mr. <mask> Nogheghase Obaseki has enacted projects with the aim of making the state an investment hub. Such projects, includes:

 The Benin River Port Project (Gelegele Seaport)
 The Benin Industrial Park
 Modular Refinery Project
 Technology hubs
 Edojobs

Asides his infrastructural projects, he has also enacted a number of social development initiatives.The state government has proposed to build about 200 Primary Healthcare Centres. Obaseki's focus in the health sector is to develop a viable primary healthcare system to provide affordable and accessible health care services to people in the state. He is also pioneering a state-backed Health insurance scheme to provide a robust sector that will attract private investors. In education, Obaseki launched the Edo Basic Education Transformation (Edo BEST) programme, an initiative to train and equip public school teachers with top-of-the-range skills and expertise for deploying Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in classrooms to improve learning outcomes. There is also a strong emphasis on technical education, which led to the revamping of the Government Science and Technical College (formerly Benin Technical College) to train workforce in the state. He has also vigorously pushed Edo state as a viable investment destination. In January 2018, his government established the Edo State Investment Promotion Office (ESIPO) to facilitate investments and stakeholders engagements so as to improve the business environment in the state.He has also contributed to the fight against human trafficking and illegal migration. He is also embarking on a massive reconstruction of the Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium in preparation for the state to host the 2020 National Sports Festival. Politics
On 29 September 2016, <mask> was elected as the Governor of Edo State under the platform of the All Progressives Congress. During the 2020 Edo Gubernatorial Election, <mask> sought for re-election under the APC but was controversially disqualified by the party's Primary Election Screening Committee from contesting the primary elections, citing missing letters on the governor's National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) certificate and what other observers described as spurious excuses surrounding the governor's university admission. The governor had had a running battle with his predecessor, Comrade Oshiomhole, the National Chairman of the APC, who headed the party's National Working Committee (NWC) at the time, which constituted the screening committee. Political analysts argue that the former governor acted out a script, with the ultimate aim of denying the governor a second-term ticket under the APC. Comrade Oshiomhole was eventually sacked as National Chairman of the APC.The governor was in possession of his West African Examination Council High School Certificate, which the committee said was absent from the governor's credentials, while the NYSC reissued a corrected version of the governor's NYSC discharge certificate, while apologizing for being responsible for the initial error. The Federal High Court in Abuja eventually struck out a certificate forgery case instituted against the governor by the All Progressives Congress (APC), his former political party. He said the ruling was victory for truth, and victory rule of law. He said the case against him was a most needless attempt by desperate individuals trying to undo the will of the people through the backdoor. On 16 June 2020, Obaseki resigned his membership from the All Progressives Congress. On 19 June 2020, Obaseki decamped to the People's Democratic Party and declared his intentions to seek re-election on the platform. PDP described him as a big catch.On 20 September 2020, The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) announced Obaseki the winner of the Edo State gubernatorial election, He won against his major opponent from the All Progressives Congress Osagie Ize Iyamu with a total number of 307,955 votes. Controversy
An  alleged  certificate forgery suit was instituted by the All Progressives Congress (APC) against Gov. Obaseki. According to the Premium times publication on 9 January 2021, the Federal High Court in Abuja  dismissed the certificate forgery suit instituted by the All Progressives Congress (APC) against Governor <mask> <mask> of Edo State. Personal life
Obaseki is married to Betsy Bene <mask>, a financial expert. She holds a Bachelor and Master's degree in Accounting from the University of Lagos, and an alumna of the Kellog's School of Business Executive Management Programme, USA. He is also an avid golfer.See also
List of Governors of Edo State

References

External links
 Government website

Living people
People from Edo State
Nigerian political candidates
Governors of Edo State
1957 births
University of Ibadan alumni
Pace University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Nigerian stockbrokers
Nigerian chairpersons of corporations

masks:
Godwin Nogheghase Obaseki
Godwin
Godwin
Obaseki
Obaseki
Godwin
Obaseki
Obaseki


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<mask> of Norway (Old Norse Ingibjörg Hákonardóttir, Swedish <mask>tter, Norwegian Ingebjørg Håkonsdatter; 1301 – 17 June 1361), was a Norwegian princess and by marriage a Swedish royal duchess with a position in the regency governments in Norway (1319–27) and Sweden (1319–26) during the minority of her son, King Magnus of Norway and Sweden. In 1318–1319, she was Sweden's de facto ruler, and from 1319 until 1326, she was Sweden's first de jure female regent. Life

Early life
<mask> was born in 1301 as the only legitimate daughter of King Håkon V of Norway from his marriage with Euphemia of Rügen. As a child, she was first betrothed to Magnus Birgerson, the son and designated heir of Birger, King of Sweden. Soon afterwards the engagement was however broken for altered political reasons, and in 1305 she was betrothed to Eric, Duke of Södermanland, a younger brother of King Birger, thus uncle of her first betrothed. In 1312, <mask> and Eric were formally married in a double wedding in Oslo; at the same time, her cousin <mask>ttir of Norway, married Eric's brother duke Valdemar Magnusson. At her wedding, her mother Queen Euphemia had published the recently translated (by her command) famous poems, the Euphemia songs.The couple had two children before Duke Eric was murdered. Leader of the Ducal party
Upon the imprisonment of her spouse and her brother-in-law, she and her cousin and sister-in-law, <mask> Eriksdottir, became the leaders of their spouses' followers. On 16 April 1318, the two duchesses <mask> made a treaty in Kalmar with the Danish duke <mask>er of Halland-Samsö and archbishop Esgar of Lund to free their husbands and not to make peace with the kings of Sweden and Denmark before they agreed to this, and the two duchesses promised to honor the promises they gave in return in the names of their husbands. Later the same year, their husbands were confirmed to have died. Regency

Her son Magnus VII of Norway, at the age of 3, was proclaimed king of Norway upon her father's death, in rights devolved from her. <mask> was recognized as formal regent of her son in Norway. Soon, the Swedish nobility elected young Magnus king of Sweden after deposing Birger, and <mask> was made nominal regent of Sweden and given a seat and vote in the Swedish government and the title: Ingeborg, by the Grace of God, daughter of Haakon, duchess in the Kingdom of Sweden.Duchess <mask> held her own court at her residence in Varberg. Letters 1318-1321 reveal that powerful Swedish men took advantage of the young dowager duchess by having her issue, alone and over her own seal, documents to their advantage as compensation for their support of the murdered dukes Eric and Waldemar and of little Magnus's right to the throne. The exact position of Ingeborg in the regency council is hard to define properly due to the documentation. Mats Kettilumndsson, her ally, presided over the Swedish regency council "alongside" the two "duchesses Ingeborg"; <mask> Håkansdotter and her cousin and sister-in-law <mask> Eriksdottir. Magnus, already King of Norway, was elected King of Sweden with the approval of the Norwegian council in her presence. <mask> was the only one with a seat in both the Swedish and the Norwegian minor regency and council of state. She was duchess of her own fiefs, which were autonomous under her rule, and a large number of castles which controlled big areas thanks to their strategic positions."Ingeborg's position at court was not well-defined: she was the king's mother (Kongemor), but without being a dowager queen." Favourites
She was criticized for her way of conducting her own politics without the counsel of the Swedish and Norwegian councils, and for using the royal seal of her son for her own wishes. 1 October 1320, she liberated Riga from its debts in her name on behalf of her son. She was known to make large donations to her supporters. Canute Porse had been one of the supporters of her spouse and was appointed governor of Varberg. Ingeborg surrounded herself with young foreign men, thought to affect her politics, of which Canute was the most known. 12 April 1321, the Swedish council, after receiving complaints from the Norwegian council regarding a rumour of crimes and disturbances in Ingeborg's lands made by foreigners, told the Norwegian council to advise Ingeborg to listen more to the advice of the old experienced men in the councils rather than to young inexperienced foreign men; a law was created which banned foreigners in the Swedish council.The Scania affair
<mask> and Canute had the ambition to make the then Danish Scania a part of her possessions. In 1321, <mask> arranged a marriage with her daughter Euphemia and Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg. The marriage was arranged with the terms that Mecklenburg, Saxony, Holstein, Rendsburg and Schleswig would assist <mask> in the conquest of Scania. This was approved by the council of Norway but not Sweden. To finance the invasion, <mask> took a loan from Stralsund with free trade in Sweden and Norway as security. When <mask>'s forces under command of Canute invaded Scania in 1322–23, Mecklenburg betrayed her to Denmark and the alliance was broken. Conflict with the councils and diminished power
In 1322, open conflict broke out between Ingeborg and the Swedish regency council; the council of state made an agreement that no order from Ingeborg should hereby be accepted without the approval from the entire council, and all agreements made with her by individual councillors was hereby annulled.In 1323, <mask> was forced to accept the terms and give up several of her strategical castles and fiefs. 20 February 1323, also the Norwegian regency council rebelled against Ingeborg. She was accused of misusing the royal seal, to have broken the peace with Denmark and for greater costs, and was replaced as head of the regency. After 1323, Ingeborgs power was limited to what was approved by votes in the councils, which in practice had deposed her. 14 February 1326, in exchange for having her debts paid, <mask> gave up several fiefs and was forced to send Canute into exile and was stripped from all political authority in the Swedish regency council. In the Norwegian regency council, however, her signature was still needed in the peace treaty between Norway and Sönderjylland 14 June 1327. <mask> married her lover Canute Porse (d. 1330), a noble from less than royal circles, in 1327.While Canute was allowed to become Duke of Halland and holder of <mask>'s inherited estates, her marriage was another reason why Swedes, and also increasingly Norwegians, did not allow <mask> to use her governmental power in these kingdoms. The year of her second marriage, <mask> was stripped from her power also in the Norwegian regency council. Later life
Her husband was made Duke of Estonia in 1329. In 1330, she again became a widow. Her younger sons became dukes of Halland. Her eldest son became an adult in 1332, and the same year, <mask> secured Swedish  superiority (until 1360) over Scania. After the death of her second husband, Ingeborg again took an important position in the life of her son the king, but it is not known how much influence she had on him.In 1336, <mask> welcomed her daughter Euphemia and her son-in-law Albert of Mecklenburg, Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg and Henry of Holstein with her own fleet to the coronation of her son and his wife in Stockholm. In 1341, <mask> and the counts Henry and Claus of Holstein went to war against Valdemar of Schleswig, John of Holstein and the Hanseatic league in Denmark. <mask> was residing at Kalundborg in Denmark at the time and was attacked by King Valdemar IV there; after two years of alternating conflicts and agreements the matter was settled against King Valdemar, who however regained Copenhagen Castle. King Magnus sealed the peace by telling Valdemar to keep the promise he had made to Ingeborg in the peace treaty. In 1350, she inherited the title and position of Duke of Halland from her younger son. Children and family
With Eric, Duke of Södermanland, Ingeborg had two children:

 Magnus VII of Norway (1316–1374)
 Euphemia of Sweden, duchess of Mecklenburg (1317–c. 1370)

With Canute Porse, Duke of Halland and Estonia, Ingeborg had three children:

 Haakon, Duke of Halland, died 1350
 Canute, Duke of Halland, died 1350
 Birgitta, married Jon Hafthorsson and had issue

Legacy
The controversy around <mask>'s second marriage and the potential succession of her son Haakon to the Norwegian throne are an important part of the plot of the novel Kristin Lavransdatter by Sigrid Undset.References

Further reading
Den svenska historien. Medeltid 1319-1520 (Stockholm:Bonniers 1966), s. 14-18

 Jerker Rosén : Den svenska historien 2. Medeltiden 1319-1520 (1966)
 Nationalencyklopedin, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker AB, Höganäs (1992)

14th-century women rulers
Norwegian princesses
Ingiburga 1312
1301 births
1361 deaths
Disinherited European royalty
Regents of Norway
Regents of Sweden
House of Sverre
House of Bjelbo
14th-century Norwegian people
14th-century Swedish people
14th-century Norwegian women
14th-century Swedish women

masks:
Ingeborg
Ingeborg Håkansdo
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg Eriksdo
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Christoff
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg
Ingeborg


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Tanjavur R<mask> (தஞ்சாவூர் ர.ராமமூர்த்தி) (15 June 1929 - 22 June 2019) was a vidwan in Indian classical music, playing Carnatic music on the mridangam, an ancient Indian percussion instrument. The mridangam is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music ensemble, and in the Dhrupad genre, where it is known as a pakhawaj. Early life and training
<mask> was born to a famous violinist, R<mask> and Krishnammal. In 1938 he entered into gurukulavasam under Brahmarshi Biravam Pillai at the age of 9 and was trained under "Thanjavur style". His miruthangam arangetram was held in 1941. His guru allowed him to participate in Kacheries / programmes with mirudhangam accompaniment. During those times Brahmarshi Biravam Pillai brought him to the famous miruthangha vidwan Brahmarshi Vaidyanatha Iyer of Thanjavur and requested to allow him to enter into his Gurukulam (school) where he was trained further in the "Thanjavur Style".<mask> R<mask>, Palghat Mani Iyer, T. K. Moorthy are the notable disciples of Vaidyanatha Iyer. Vaidyanatha Iyer was staying at Trivandrum while joining his school, hence he learnt developments in miruthangam at Trivandram under him and he was directed to participate some Kacheries / programmes and he participated in AIR programmes once in three months. From 1943 he had chain of programmes and every Kachery/music programme will have mridhangam accompaniment of Palghat Mani Iyer (Padma Bhusan Awardee -1971), Palani Subramaniam Pillai and himself. All the top artists of the time liked and requested his mridhangam accompaniment in their programmes by considering him with Genius Palghat Mani Iyer and Palani Subramania Pillai. While this being his career outside Brahmarshi G. D. Sastri, the then station director of All India Radio Trichy, requested him in writing to join as artist of AIR and he has joined All India Radio, Trichy as per the directions of his gurunathar. Honours

 On 26 January 1980, Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataga Mandram conferred the title "Kalaimamani" with gold medal by the then Tamil Nadu Honorable Governor Sadiq Ali and Honorable Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. G<mask>n. On 19 June 1983 the Karaikudi Tamil Isai Sangam  conferred a title "Isai Kadal".From 1983 to 1985 he served as an examination committee member at Annamalai University, Chidambaram for awarding the Sangeetha Bhusan Degree. On  16 May 1989, All India Radio Trichy honored him to receive the Golden Jubilee edition during its Golden Jubilee celebrations in the capacity of Senior Artist. During 1989 he has been categorized under Grade-I Artist as the first man in All India Radio Service on the verge of retirement. On one occasion Rotary Club of Trichy honored his service in All India Radio. In 1990 the Madurai Mahadeva Asthami Committee honored him for his 50 years of service to the Music field and special handling of Mridhangam. On 1 April 1994, the Maharajapuram Viswanatha Iyer Trust Chennai honored him as Senior Artist. On 9 February 1997, Muthamil Peravai of Chennai conferred a title "Miruthangha Selvam" by Honorable Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Dr. M. Karunanidhi with a Gold Medal.Trichy District Nalla Nidhi Committee has awarded "Kalai Peroli" (title on 8.6.2001) under the Presidency of District Collector V. Moorthy. On 31 January 2002, Shri Sathguru Thiagabramma Trust & Shri Sathguru  Sabha conferred on him a title "Laya Vathya Rathnam" with Gold Medal. A recognition of the long service in the Carnatic Music held at Tiruppur during the Palani Subramania Pillai Memorial Music Function held during 22.11.2002 to 24.11.2002. On 3 December 2014, he received the title "Vaadhya Padmam" conferred by the Brahma Gana Sabha, Chennai during the inauguration of its December Art Festival 2014. On 28 January 2018 he was presented with the TCM Lifetime Achievement Award during the sixth annual day celebrations of Trichy Carnatic Musicians (TCM), a group of young musicians of the city. Career in All India Radio (AIR)
He was appointed Artist of All India Radio by the British Government on 5 September 1945. He served under British Government up to 1947, and 42 years in Indian Government as a mridhangam artist.In 1946 he accompanied vocal programmes of the great vidwans Papanasam Sivan, Thiruvaduthurai T. N. <mask>rathinam Pillai. Subsequently, All India Radio preferred a method of categorising the artists in various grades through a panel committee in 1950. He has been chosen into the "A" Grade Artist by the first panel committee. On 11 March 1950 he has accompanied with mridhangam to a vocal concert by Sathoor A. G. Subramania Iyer in an "External Service" programme recording on special request from All India Radio, New Delhi. On 3 July 1951 while Balamurali Krishna (Padmashri Awardee - 1971, PadmaVibhusan Awardee - 1991) accompanied with viola to G. N. Balasubramaniam (Guruji of M. L. Vasanthakumari-(Padmashri Awardee - 1967)) a genius in vocal, he has accompanied with mridhangam, at Chennai on special invitation for a national programme from All India Radio, Chennai. On 4 July 1951 he has accompanied Balamurali Krishna Viola-solo at AIR Chennai as per the special request of Balamurali Krishna. (Padmashri Awardee-1971)
 On 12 February 1960 he has accompanied Voleti Venkateswaralu a vocalist at Vijayawada in a Sangeetha Sammelan programme.On 12 November 1961 he has accompanied Trichy Swaminatha Iyer for his vocal concert in a Sangeetha Sammelan Programme at Bangalore. On 8 November 1963 he accompanied Madurai S. Somasundaram (Padmashri Awardee-1976), a famous vocalist for a Sangeetha Sammelan Programme at Trichy. On 9 April 1966 he accompanied Chithoor Subramania Pillai familiar vocalist (Guruji of Madurai S. Somasundaram) in a national Programme at New Delhi on a specific request from the AIR New Delhi. On 12 August 1973 accompanied flute concert of H<mask> Sastri at Chennai All India Radio on special invitation. On 29 November 1975 he accompanied with Mridhangam to V. R. Kedharanathan, Vocalist in a Sangeetha Sammelan Programme. During 1975 he accompanied with single mridhangam for a Trio Violin Solo by Dr. L. Vaidhyanathan.(Padmashri Awardee-1989), Dr. L. Sankar, Dr. L. Subramaniam in a special programme at All India Radio, Trichy. On 15 November 1990 he accompanied on mridhangam in a Sangeetha Sammelan programme at Vijayawada to Angammali Shri. Jose. Organised ‘Thani Avarthanam’ and ‘Layakolam’ programmes (i.e.) mridhangam solos in rare and critical Thalas. One recognition of his Layakolam is published in ‘Akashwani’ issue dated 23.3.1980. Collaboration with other notable musicians

He has accompanied notable musicians including the Bharat Ratna awardee M. S. Subbulakshmi, D. K. Pattammal, K. B. Sundarambal, M. L. Vasanthakumari, Ariyakudi <mask> Iyengar, Madurai Mani Iyer, the Alathur Brothers, Padma Vibhushan awardee Dr.M.Balamurali Krishna, M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, C. S. Jayaraman, Sirkazhi Govindarajan, T. M. Soundararajan and K. J. Yesudas.References

 Biography International *Vol. III* Men & Women of Achievement & Distinction by K.L. Gupta, ASIN: B00178V0WQ, Publisher: South-Asia Pub. Co.; 1st edition (1991), Pages: 1055 and 1056
 Reference India: Biographical-Notes About Men and Women of Achievement of Today and Tomorrow by <mask>, Publisher: Rifacimento International, First Volume, Page: 680
 http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=CORPORATE-BUZZ-Win-for-R-Ramachandran-of-NLC-26042017014056

1929 births
2019 deaths
Mridangam players
20th-century Indian male classical singers
Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award

masks:
. Ramamoorthy
Ramamoorthy
. Rathinam Pillai
Thanjavur
. Ramamoorthy
. Ramachandra
Raja
. Ramachandra
Ramanuja
Ravi Bhusan


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<mask> (, September/October 501 – 30 May 531), courtesy name Deshi (), formally Crown Prince Zhaoming (昭明太子, literally "Accomplished and Understanding Crown Prince"), was a Crown Prince of the Chinese Liang Dynasty, posthumously honored as Emperor Zhaoming (). He was the oldest son of Emperor Wu of Liang, whom he predeceased. <mask>'s enduring legacy is the literary compendium Wen Xuan (Selections of Refined Literature). Birth and childhood
<mask> was born to <mask>, then a Southern Qi general nearing final victory in a civil war against the cruel and violent emperor <mask>an, in winter 501. He was born at <mask>'s power base of Xiangyang, to <mask>'s concubine Ding Lingguang (). (<mask>'s wife Chi Hui () had died in 499, and from that point on he had only concubines and never made any of them his wife.) After <mask>'s victory later in 501, he forced Emperor He of Southern Qi, whom he had supported as a rival claimant to the Southern Qi throne, to yield the throne to him in 502, ending Southern Qi and starting Liang Dynasty (as its Emperor Wu).The officials requested that he make <mask>, then an infant, the crown prince, and while Emperor Wu initially declined on account that the empire had not been pacified, he did so in winter 502, when <mask> was only one year old. After <mask> was created crown prince, his mother Consort Ding, while not made empress, was given a special status co-equal with her son. <mask> was said to be intelligent, kind, and obedient to his parents from his childhood. As per customs of the time, in 506, he was housed in the Yongfu Mansion (), the residence for the crown prince, in his childhood, but he missed his parents, and so every few days or so Emperor Wu would spend several days at Yongfu Mansion. (Whether Consort Ding did the same is not recorded in history.) In 515, he went through his rite of passage and was declared an adult, and Emperor Wu bestowed him a crown. As adult
As Emperor Wu was an avid Buddhist, <mask> also became one, and he studied sutras intently, often inviting Buddhist monks to his palace to preach and to discuss Buddhist doctrines.After his rite of passage, Emperor Wu also began to gradually have him handle more and more matters of state, becoming less involved in the day-to-day operations of the empire. In 522, <mask>'s uncle <mask> () the Prince of Shixing died. By custom, a crown prince would not hold a mourning period for an uncle, but <mask> believed this custom to be unfilial, and therefore requested the officials to further discuss the matter. After the official <mask>o () suggested that he hold a one-month mourning period, he agreed, and in fact made this a precedent for the Liang Dynasty. During this period, <mask> and others compiled a compendium of ancient poetry and texts, which he referred to as Wenxuan (文選, "Selections of Refined Literature"), which was later known after his death, by his posthumous name, as the Zhaoming Wenxuan (). It is a work of historical importance, as it preserved many ancient texts which otherwise might have been lost. In 526, Consort Ding grew ill, and <mask> spent his days attending to her without rest.She died in winter 526, and <mask> was so saddened that he ate nothing. It was after Emperor Wu tried to console him by pointing out that he should not harm his body and that he still had his father that <mask> began to take porridge, but he ate nothing further. He was described to be fairly obese until that point, but he lost a lot of weight during the mourning period for Consort Ding. Death
The death of Consort Ding brought about a disastrous effect in <mask>'s relationship with his father, however. <mask> sought out an appropriate place to bury Consort Ding, but while he was doing so, a land owner bribed the eunuch Yu Sanfu () into convincing Emperor Wu that that piece of land would bring good fortune for the emperor, and so Emperor Wu bought the land and buried Consort Ding there. However, once Consort Ding was buried, a Taoist monk informed <mask> that he believed that the land would bring ill fortune for Consort Ding's oldest son—<mask>. <mask> therefore allowed the monk to bury a few items intended to dissolve the ill fortune, such as wax ducks, at the position reserved for the oldest son.Later on, when one of <mask>'s attendants, Bao Miaozhi (), was squeezed out of <mask>'s inner circles by another attendant, Wei Ya (), he, in resentment, reported to Emperor Wu that Wei had carried out sorcery on <mask>'s behalf. When Emperor Wu investigated, waxed ducks were found, and Emperor Wu became surprised and angry, and wanted to investigate further. He only stopped the investigation when he was advised to do so by the prime minister Xu Mian, executing only the Taoist monk who had suggested the burial of wax ducks. <mask> became humiliated in the affair, and was never able to clear himself completely in his father's eyes. <mask> died in 531. Even when he was very ill, because he was afraid to make Emperor Wu be concerned about him, he still personally wrote submissions to his father. After his death, Emperor Wu personally attended his wake and buried him at a tomb appropriate for an emperor.He also summoned <mask>'s oldest son, <mask> () the Duke of Huarong back to the capital Jiankang, preparing to create <mask> crown prince to replace his father. However, still resentful over the wax duck affair, he hesitated for days without carrying out the creation, and finally did not do so. Instead, against popular opinion, he created <mask>'s younger brother, also by Consort Ding, <mask> crown prince. In 551, when <mask>, then emperor (as Emperor Jianwen) but under control and virtual house arrest by the general Hou Jing, Hou, to try to show off his power, deposed Emperor Jianwen and made <mask>'s grandson <mask> the Prince of Yuzhang emperor. It was then that <mask> was posthumously honored an emperor. Literary legacy
<mask> is survived by his great literary compendium, the Wenxuan, an anthology of literature divided into 60 chapters. Chapter 29 preserves the Nineteen Old Poems, a major source for early Classical Chinese poetry.<mask> appears to consider these to be anonymous works, a view supported by modern scholarship, despite the claims of Xu Ling in his New Songs from the Jade Terrace. Personal information
 Father
 Emperor Wu of Liang
 Mother
 Consort Ding Lingguang () (485-526), posthumous name Mu
 Wife
 Crown Princess Cai, the Crown Princess Jing, later posthumously honored as Empress Jing
 Major Concubines
 Lady Gong, mother of Prince Cha and possibly Prince Yu
 Issue
 <mask>an (), initially the Duke of Huarong, later Prince An of Yuzhang (created 531)
 <mask> (), initially the Duke of Zhijiang (created 521), later Prince Wuhuan of Hedong (created 531, killed by Emperor Yuan of Liang 550)
 <mask> (), initially the Duke of Qujiang, later the Prince of Yueyang (created 531), later Emperor Xuan of Western Liang
 <mask> (), the Prince of Wuchang (created 531)
 <mask> (), the Prince of Yiyang (created 531)

Notes

References
Davis, A. R. (Albert Richard), Editor and Introduction (1970), The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse. (Baltimore: Penguin Books). External links

Liang dynasty Buddhists
Liang dynasty imperial princes
501 births
531 deaths
People from Xiangyang
Chinese poetry anthologists
Heirs apparent who never acceded

masks:
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Yan
Xiao Baoju
Xiao Yan
Xiao Yan
Xiao Yan
Xiao Yan
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Dan
Xiao Tong
Liu Xiaochu
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Huan
Xiao Huan
Xiao Tong
Xiao Gang
Xiao Gang
Xiao Tong
Xiao Dong
Xiao Tong
Xiao Tong
Xiao
Xiao Hu
Xiao Yu
Xiao Cha
Xiao Pi
Xiao Jian