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<mask> (born April 21, 1980) is an analyst and former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons with the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at Eastern Illinois, where he made an Ohio Valley Conference championship appearance in 2001 and won the Walter Payton Award the following year. <mask> signed with the Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2003. Beginning his career in a backup role, <mask> served as the Cowboys' primary starter from 2006 to 2015. He led the Cowboys to four postseason appearances during his tenure, while also receiving Pro Bowl honors amid each playoff run. <mask> retired after the 2016 season when a preseason back injury caused him to lose his starting position to backup Dak Prescott. Upon retiring, he was hired by CBS Sports to become the lead color analyst for their NFL telecasts.<mask> holds several Cowboys team records, including passing touchdowns, passing yards, most games with at least 300 passing yards, and games with three or more touchdown passes. He also held a higher passer rating in the fourth quarter than any other NFL quarterback from 2006 to 2013. However, <mask>'s reputation was affected by a lack of postseason success, having won only two of the six playoff games he appeared in and never advancing beyond the divisional round. His 97.1 passer rating is the highest among retired players who never appeared in the Super Bowl. Early years
<mask> was born in San Diego, California to Ramiro <mask> Jr. and Joan Jakubowski. <mask> is a "Navy brat," as he was born while his father was stationed at the San Diego U.S. Naval Base.The <mask>s later returned to Burlington, Wisconsin, where Ramiro worked as a carpenter and construction worker and his wife, Joan, worked as a grocery store clerk. <mask> played baseball as a child and was selected to the Little League All-Star team. <mask>'s paternal grandfather, Ramiro <mask> Sr., emigrated from Múzquiz, Coahuila, Mexico to San Antonio, Texas as an adolescent. The elder <mask> cites <mask>'s success as an example of the possibilities afforded to immigrants in the United States: "I've always said this is a country of opportunities. If you don't get a job or an education, it's because you don't want to." <mask>'s mother has German and Polish ancestry. <mask> started as quarterback for the Burlington High School Demons beginning as a junior (1996 season).In the 1997 season, <mask> and the Demons finished with a 3–6 record, though he earned several honors, including the All-Racine County football team and Wisconsin Football Coaches Association All-State first team honors. <mask> also was a starter on the Burlington High School varsity basketball team and also played golf and tennis. In 1998, he joined Caron Butler on the All-Racine County (Wisconsin) team. With per-game averages of 24.3 points, 8.8 rebounds and 4.7 assists, <mask> was sought by some mid-major basketball schools in the NCAA such as Wisconsin-Green Bay. <mask> graduated from Burlington High School in 1998, with his 1,080 points being the all-time scoring record for the Burlington basketball varsity. College career

<mask> attended Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois, where he played for the NCAA Division I-AA Eastern Illinois Panthers football team and was a member of Sigma Pi. As a sophomore in 2000, he ranked second in Division I-AA in passing efficiency, completing 164-of-278 (59%) passes for 2,583 yards and 27 touchdowns.After the season, he was honored as an All-America honorable mention, an All-Ohio Valley Conference member, and the OVC Player of the Year. As a junior, he led Division I-AA in passing efficiency, completing 138-of-207 passes for 2,068 yards and 21 touchdowns. <mask> earned OVC Player of the Week honors on October 14, 2002 after his eight-yard scramble run on the last play of the game led Eastern Illinois to a 25–24 win over Eastern Kentucky. On December 19, 2002, <mask> became the first player in Eastern Illinois and Ohio Valley Conference history to win the Walter Payton Award, given annually to the top Division I-AA football player. He finished his career holding school and conference records with 85 touchdown passes. He finished second in school and third in conference history with 8,212 passing yards and second in school history with 584 completions and 941 attempts. As a senior, he set school and conference records for completions with 258 in 407 attempts for 3,418 yards.This was second in conference and third in school history for a season. He threw for 34 touchdowns and scored one rushing touchdown. <mask>'s 3,149 yards in total offense as a senior ranked third in school and conference history. Along with the Walter Payton Award, <mask> earned consensus All-America honors. In addition, he was selected All-Ohio Valley Conference and was named OVC Player of the Year for the third straight year. During homecoming weekend on October 17, 2009, Eastern Illinois University retired <mask>'s No. 17 jersey and inducted him into EIU's Hall of Fame.<mask> is the first Eastern Illinois player to have his number retired. He said about the event, "It was such an honor to be inducted into the Hall of Fame here, and with the jersey ceremony, it holds a special place in your heart." Statistics

Awards and honors
 3× All-OVC (2000–2002)
 3× OVC Player of the Year (2000–2002)
 3× All-American (2000–2002)
 Walter Payton Award (2002)

Professional career

2003–2005
<mask> did not initially receive an invitation to attend the 2003 NFL Combine, but received a late invitation to attend as an extra quarterback to throw passes to other prospects during drills. Despite intriguing some scouts, he went undrafted by any NFL team during the 2003 NFL Draft. Throughout the draft, <mask> was assured by Dallas assistant head coach Sean Payton of the Cowboys' interest (<mask> was also intensely pursued by Denver Broncos head coach Mike Shanahan), and shortly afterwards was signed as an undrafted rookie free agent by the Cowboys. <mask> entered the 2003 training camp third on the Cowboys' depth chart behind Quincy Carter and Chad Hutchinson. In 2004, the Cowboys released Hutchinson and signed veteran quarterback Vinny Testaverde and traded a third-round draft pick to the Houston Texans for quarterback Drew Henson.<mask> faced being cut from the roster until Carter was released following allegations of substance abuse. Throughout 2004 and 2005, <mask> served as the holder for placekicks. After Vinny Testaverde's tenure in Dallas ended in 2005, the Cowboys signed veteran quarterback Drew Bledsoe, the team's eighth starting quarterback since 2000. One of <mask>'s early career highlights was in 2004, when (as the third-string quarterback) he rushed for the winning touchdown with six seconds left in a preseason game against the Oakland Raiders. Elevated to the Cowboys' second quarterback in 2005, <mask> had strong showings in the 2005 and 2006 pre-seasons. In the 2006 off-season, Sean Payton (now head coach of the New Orleans Saints), offered a third-round draft pick for <mask>, but Cowboys' owner Jerry Jones refused, asking for no less than a second-round draft pick. 2006 season

<mask> began the season as a backup to starter Drew Bledsoe.He took his first regular season snap at quarterback in a home game against the Houston Texans on October 15. His first NFL pass was a 33-yard completion to wide receiver Sam Hurd. His only other pass of the game was a two-yard touchdown pass, his first in the NFL, to wide receiver Terrell Owens. One week later on October 23, 2006, <mask> replaced Bledsoe for the start of the second half of a game against the New York Giants. His first pass was tipped and intercepted. His game stats in only his second NFL appearance were 14 completions on 25 attempts for 227 yards, two touchdowns, and three interceptions (one of which was returned for a touchdown). On October 25, Cowboys head coach Bill Parcells announced that <mask> would be the Cowboys starting quarterback for the October 29 game against the Carolina Panthers on NBC Sunday Night Football, in Week 8 of the 2006 season.<mask> led the Cowboys to victory in his first game as a starter, 35–14. In that game, <mask> was Sunday Night Football'''s "Rock Star of the Game." On November 19, 2006, <mask> led the Cowboys past the Indianapolis Colts, the NFL's last unbeaten team. He completed 19 of 23 passes as the Cowboys won against the Colts 21–14. Four days later he helped the Cowboys win in a Thanksgiving Day game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers by the score of 38–10. <mask> went 22–29 with 306 yards and five touchdown passes and no interceptions. For his performance, he was awarded FOX's Galloping Gobbler award as the Thanksgiving Day MVP.<mask> aided the Cowboys in clinching a playoff spot, their second since Parcells became coach in 2003. He concluded the 2006 regular season with 220 completions on 337 pass attempts for 2,903 yards, 19 touchdowns, and 13 interceptions, with a passer rating of 95.1. The Cowboys played the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Wild Card playoff round on January 6, 2007. With the Cowboys trailing 21–20 on fourth-and-one with 1:19 left in the game, the Cowboys attempted a 19-yard field goal. <mask>, the holder for the kick, fumbled the snap. He recovered the ball and attempted to run it in, but was tackled short of the first down marker, and turned the ball over on the Seattle 2-yard line. The Cowboys went on to lose the game.<mask> finished the 2006 season ranked seventh in the NFC in passing yards (2,903) and touchdown passes (19). <mask> played in the 2007 Pro Bowl after Drew Brees went down with an elbow injury as a substitution for Marc Bulger. He threw one touchdown and one interception, and was the NFC's kickoff holder in the game. 2007 season

<mask> began the 2007 season with four touchdown passes and an additional touchdown rush, the first of his career, defeating the New York Giants 45–35 in the Cowboys' first game of the regular season. His 345 passing yards in Week 1 led the NFL. In Week 2, he threw for 186 yards and two touchdowns beating the Miami Dolphins, ranking him seventh in passing yards and tied for second with six touchdown passes. <mask> added 329 passing yards and two touchdown passes in the Cowboys' Week 3 34–10 win over the Chicago Bears.The following week, he passed for 339 yards and three touchdowns in a 35–7 win over the St. Louis Rams. He also ran for an additional touchdown. This brought his season totals to 1199 passing yards with 11 passing touchdowns and two rushing touchdowns. In September 2007, <mask>'s father was diagnosed with prostate cancer. <mask> stated that, while upset about the family crisis, he still had to continue to focus on his career. In Week 5, on Monday Night Football against the Buffalo Bills, <mask> threw five interceptions (four in the first half, two of which were returned for touchdowns) and lost a fumble. He became the second person in the history of Monday Night Football to throw five interceptions in a winning effort.The first person was his quarterbacks coach Wade Wilson. Nonetheless, he threw for 4,211 yards (third in the NFL) and 36 touchdown passes during the regular season (second only to Tom Brady). His 97.4 passer rating was good enough for fifth in the NFL behind Tom Brady, Ben Roethlisberger, David Garrard, and Peyton Manning. On October 29, <mask> reached an agreement to a six-year, $67.5 million contract extension with the Cowboys. On November 29 against the Green Bay Packers, in a game between 10–1 teams, <mask> threw four touchdown passes (bringing his season total to 33), breaking Danny White's (29) record from 1983. On December 22 against the Carolina Panthers, <mask> became the first Cowboys' quarterback to pass for more than 4,000 yards in a season. Finally on December 30 against the Washington Redskins, <mask> broke the Cowboys' season completions record with his 335th completion, a short pass to tight end Jason Witten.The Cowboys finished the season with a 13–3 record. In the Cowboys' January 13, 2008 divisional playoff game against the New York Giants, <mask> was unable to lead his team to a come-from-behind victory. On fourth down with less than half a minute and no timeouts left, <mask> threw the ball into the end zone, but it was intercepted by Giants cornerback R. W. McQuarters, ensuring that the Cowboys were eliminated from the playoffs with a 21–17 loss to the eventual Super Bowl XLII champions. 2008 season
On September 7, 2008, <mask> led the Cowboys to a 28–10 win over the Cleveland Browns in their season opener. <mask> completed 24 of his 32 passes for a total of 320 yards and one touchdown. After the game, <mask> required 13 stitches for a large gash on his chin that occurred during the third quarter when linebacker Willie McGinest hit him in the chin with his helmet. The NFL fined McGinest $7,500 for the hit.On September 15, <mask> led the Dallas Cowboys to a 41–37 win against the Philadelphia Eagles in the second game of the 2008 season. <mask> completed 21 of his 30 passes for a total of 312 yards and three touchdowns. The 54 combined points scored by the Cowboys and Eagles in the first half were the second most points scored in a half during a Monday Night Football game. That same month, <mask> signed a 5-year, $10 million endorsement deal with apparel marketer Starter, but was not allowed to wear footwear on the field as the company did not have a contract with the NFL. <mask> and the Cowboys won their third straight before losing to the Washington Redskins, falling to 3–1. Following a win against the Cincinnati Bengals, <mask> was injured in a loss to the Arizona Cardinals. The Cowboys, under Brad Johnson, went 1–2 the next three games, losing to the St. Louis Rams, beating the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and losing to the New York Giants.In what became a de facto third playoff game for <mask> shortly prior to its start, on December 28, <mask> and the Cowboys failed to compete against the Philadelphia Eagles in a 44–6 loss. <mask> committed three turnovers in the game and went 21/39 for 183 yards and no touchdowns. The loss dropped <mask>'s combined record in December to 5–8 and again raised questions about his performance in games of consequence. 2009 season

<mask> led the Cowboys to a 34–21 win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in their season opener. He completed 16 of his 27 passes for a then-career-high 353 yards along with three touchdowns. <mask> and the Cowboys were defeated in week 2 against the New York Giants in the Cowboys home opener at their new Cowboys Stadium. <mask> completed 13 of 29 passes for 127 yards and one touchdown.He also threw three interceptions, one of which was returned for a touchdown for the Giants. <mask> was quoted as saying, "We came out stale" against a Denver Broncos team that thoroughly shut down his teams passing and running attacks. He was successful in completing a 53-yard pass to Sam Hurd at the end of the second half but failed on the following three plays to get the ball in the end zone, which would have taken the game into overtime. He was quoted as saying, "we need to get better." In a December road game against the division rival New York Giants, <mask> passed for a career-high 392 yards, along with three touchdown passes in a losing effort. After several kicks were missed by kicker Nick Folk due to bad holds by punter Mat McBriar, <mask> resumed holding duties for the first time since the 2006 in their 13th game of the season, versus the San Diego Chargers. In week 15, <mask> led the Cowboys to a win against an undefeated team late in the season for the second time in his career.In 2006, he won against the 9–0 Indianapolis Colts, and on December 19, 2009, he defeated the 13–0 Saints at New Orleans, throwing for 312 yards, one touchdown and no interceptions. <mask> finished the 2009 season as the first quarterback in team history to take every snap for a full season. He also passed his own mark for single season passing yardage, with 4,483 yards, and became the first Cowboys quarterback to throw more than 20 touchdowns and fewer than ten interceptions in a season. His eight 300 yard games was also a team record, surpassing his own record from 2007. His 1.6% interception percentage tied a team record, and his career interception percentage became the lowest in franchise history. The Dallas Cowboys became the NFC East division champions with their season finale shutout of the Philadelphia Eagles, the second division title in <mask>'s three full seasons as the starting quarterback. <mask> had a 104.9 passer rating in a 34–14 win over the Philadelphia Eagles in the first round of the playoffs, earning the first play-off win in 13 years for the Cowboys, and his own first career post-season win.However, the following week in the NFC Division Round against the number two seed Minnesota Vikings, <mask> had three fumbles (losing two), an interception and was sacked six times in the 34–3 loss. 2010 season
In Week 5 against the Tennessee Titans, <mask> threw for a career-high 406 yards and three touchdowns. However, he also threw two costly interceptions in the fourth quarter, resulting in 34–27 loss at Cowboys Stadium. <mask> and the Cowboys were desperate for a win with a record of 1–3 and last in the division. They played against the Minnesota Vikings, who also had a 1–3 record and were in need of a win. <mask> threw for over 200 yards and 3 touchdowns but also threw two costly interceptions. The Cowboys lost the game by a score of 24–21.During the October 25, 2010 Monday Night Football game against the New York Giants, <mask> suffered a broken left clavicle. The injury occurred during the second quarter, when <mask> was driven to the turf by Giants linebacker Michael Boley. He was placed on Injured Reserve on December 21, 2010, and replaced by veteran Jon Kitna. 2011 season

<mask>'s 102.5 quarterback rating in 2011

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 was fourth best in the league behind Aaron Rodgers, Drew Brees, and Tom Brady, and second highest in Cowboys history. <mask> had four fourth-quarter comebacks in 2011 and had a would-be game-winning field goal attempt missed against the Arizona Cardinals and a would-be game-tying field goal attempt against the New York Giants blocked (the Cowboys lost both of those games). In Week 2 against the San Francisco 49ers, <mask> suffered a broken rib and a punctured lung on a hit from Carlos Rogers in the second quarter that forced him to miss part of the game. <mask> came back in the final seconds of the third quarter and played the fourth quarter throwing for a touchdown and driving down the field for the game-tying field goal with four seconds left in the game to force overtime.On the first offensive possession for the Cowboys in overtime, <mask> connected with Jesse Holley for 77 yards to set up the 19 yard game-winning field goal. <mask> finished the game with 345 yards and two touchdowns with a 116.4 rating despite the cracked rib and punctured lung. For his performance in this game, <mask> earned the NFC's Offensive player of the Week Award. <mask> played with a protective vest for a few games to protect his torso. In Week 10, <mask> posted the second highest quarterback rating of his career with a rating of 148.40 (on November 23, 2006, <mask> posted a rating of 148.90). <mask> elevated his game in the last month of the season as he completed 72.1 percent of his passes for 1,158 yards with 10 touchdowns and just one interception. In Week 16 against the Philadelphia Eagles, <mask> suffered a severely bruised hand when he smashed it against an opposing player's helmet.He left the game after attempting just two passes with no completions. The next week, in the season finale at MetLife Stadium against the Giants, the NFC East title and a playoff spot was at stake for whichever team won, with the loser eliminated from playoff contention. <mask> started the game despite the hand injury the previous week. He posted 29 out of 37 passing for 289 yards, two touchdowns and one interception for a 106.0 quarterback rating and a 78% pass completion rate (second highest of the season) as the Cowboys lost the game 31–14, dropped to an 8–8 record and were eliminated from playoff contention. <mask> accounted for 32 of the 39 total touchdowns the Cowboys scored in the 2011 NFL season (82.1%). No other player in the 2011 regular season contributed a higher percentage of team touchdowns (Cam Newton with 72.9% was second). 2012 season
Daniel Jeremiah, an NFL.com analyst, ranked <mask> as the 9th best quarterback in the league heading into the 2012 season.The controversial 2012 NFL Top 100 ranked <mask> as the 12th best quarterback in the league going into the 2012 season. In Week 13 against the Philadelphia Eagles, <mask> threw three touchdown passes. The first pass, a 23-yard throw to Dez Bryant with 11:18 left in the third quarter, gave <mask> 166 career touchdown passes, surpassing the previous franchise record of 165 which had been held by Troy Aikman. After trailing the Cincinnati Bengals 19–10 with 6:35 left, Dallas beat Cincinnati 20–19 in Week 14 (December 9). The fourth quarter comeback consisted of a 27-yard touchdown pass from <mask> to Bryant and a last-second 40-yard field goal by Bailey. <mask> went 25-for-43 for 268 yards, with one touchdown and one interception. Topping a three-game winning streak and winning its fifth out of six games, Dallas beat the Pittsburgh Steelers 27–24 in overtime in Week 15 (December 16).The win put Dallas in a three-way tie with New York and Washington in the NFC East. <mask> surpassed 25,000 career passing yards in this game with 30-for-42 passing for 341 yards and two touchdowns. However, Dallas finished 2012 with an 8–8 record and failed to make the playoffs for the third straight season after losing the last two games. On Week 16 (December 23), despite <mask>'s four touchdown passes and 416 passing yards (on 26-for-43 passing), Dallas lost to the New Orleans Saints, 37–34, in overtime. Following that game, Dallas and the Washington Redskins faced off in Week 17 for the NFC East title, where Dallas lost 28–18. With overall 20-for-37 passing, <mask> threw a total of three interceptions, including on Dallas' first two drives. With 5:50 left and down 21–10, <mask> made a touchdown pass to Kevin Ogletree and two-point conversion pass to Dwayne Harris.After Dallas took over with 3:33 left down 21–18, <mask> threw an interception to Redskins linebacker Rob Jackson, and Washington clinched the victory with another touchdown. Following the season, the future of <mask>'s career was called into question. Mac Engel of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram commented: "<mask> has one year remaining on his contract, but the time has come for him to move on...He will be 33 in April of '13, and still has a few good years left but at this point he needs to go to another team that needs a quarterback." In a Fox Sports Southwest interview, Rick Gosselin of The Dallas Morning News also called <mask> "not wired to win the last game of the season" especially "[i]f it means extending the season." Dan Graziano of ESPNDallas.com wrote that <mask>'s "record starts to become very hard to defend" due to "the oft-cited fact that he's got just the one playoff win in his entire career." 2013 season
The Cowboys signed <mask> to a 6-year extension worth $108 million, with $55 million guaranteed and $25 million in bonuses, thus securing him for the rest of his career and relieving the pressure from the salary cap, which was reported to have less than $25,000 space before the deal was struck. In the middle of April 2013, he underwent back surgery to remove a cyst.Although it was characterized as a minor procedure by the team, he would end up missing all of the mini-camp and organized team activities. <mask> opened the season with a win over the New York Giants, passing for 263 yards and two touchdowns. He briefly left the game with a rib injury, but returned after halftime and finished the game. After Week 7, his 100th career start, <mask> had thrown for 27,485 yards, the most by a quarterback in his first 100 starts since 1960. In Week 16, against the Washington Redskins, with the Cowboys trailing in the fourth quarter and needing a win to keep its playoff hopes alive, he led the team to a touchdown drive with 1:08 remaining in a 24–23 victory, with what was later diagnosed as a season-ending herniated disk injury. Head coach Jason Garrett would later say: "He might have had his finest hour … We talk about mental toughness, being your best, regardless of circumstances. Somehow, some way, he helped us win that ballgame."<mask> underwent back surgery on December 27, 2013, and was placed on the Cowboys' injured reserve list. Garrett announced Kyle Orton as the starting quarterback for the Week 17 game against the Philadelphia Eagles, which the team lost 24–22, to miss the playoffs for a fourth straight year. 2014 season
After a poor performance in the season opening 28–17 loss versus the San Francisco 49ers, <mask> and the Cowboys won six consecutive games, including back-to-back road games against the Tennessee Titans and the St. Louis Rams. The Cowboys also defeated the defending champion Seattle Seahawks on the road, becoming only the second team to win a road game against the Seahawks in the three seasons. Through those six wins, <mask> had a 13:3 touchdown:interception ratio. In Week 8, a Monday night game against the Washington Redskins, <mask> went down with a back injury when linebacker Keenan Robinson sacked him, with his knee going into <mask>'s back. After the loss to Washington, it was revealed that <mask> had two fractures in his transverse process.He missed the next game, a 28–17 loss to the Arizona Cardinals, but came back the next week and went on to lead the Cowboys to a 12–4 record and their first divisional title since 2009. On December 21, <mask> set the Dallas Cowboys team record for highest completion percentage in a game with 90%, completing 18 of his 20 passes in a 42–7 blowout win over the Indianapolis Colts. He also set his personal best quarterback rating in a single game with 151.7. <mask>'s 133.7 passer rating in the month of December was the highest in NFL history. In the wild card round of the playoffs, <mask> led the Cowboys to a 24–20 comeback victory over the Detroit Lions after being down 17–7 at halftime. <mask> was 19-of-31 for 293 yards with two touchdowns and no interceptions. In the divisional round of the playoffs, <mask> and the Cowboys were defeated by the Green Bay Packers, 26–21.<mask> was 15-of-19 for 191 yards with two touchdowns and no interceptions. <mask> led the NFL in completion percentage and passer rating en route to the NFC East title, and he was ranked 34th in the NFL's list of the top 100 players of 2015, the highest undrafted player on the year's list. 2015 season
<mask> started strong in the 2015 season, throwing a game-winning pass to Jason Witten with seven seconds left in the Cowboys' season opener against the New York Giants. He continued to show success in a week 2 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles, but suffered a broken left collarbone in the third quarter after being sacked by linebacker Jordan Hicks. The injury sidelined <mask> for eight weeks, during which the Cowboys failed to win a single game with Brandon Weeden and then Matt Cassel as starting quarterback. <mask> returned to the starting lineup in a week 11 game against the Miami Dolphins. Despite throwing two interceptions, he completed 18 of 28 passes for 227 yards and two touchdowns in a 24–14 victory, ending the Cowboys' seven-game losing streak.The Cowboys then faced the 10–0 Carolina Panthers in a week 12 Thanksgiving game. Although up against an undefeated team and holding only a 3–7 record, the Romo-led Cowboys were favored to win and still had hopes for the playoffs in a weak NFC East division. However, <mask> threw three interceptions in the first half, two of which were returned for touchdowns, helping the Panthers take a 23–3 lead. At the end of the third quarter, <mask> was sacked by linebacker Thomas Davis, reinjuring his left shoulder and ending his season. <mask> remained on the active roster until December 21 when he was placed on injured reserve after the Cowboys dropped to 4–10, officially ending their playoff hopes. 2016 season
<mask> was unable to start in the 2016 regular season after suffering a compression fracture to the L1 vertebra in his back during the Cowboys' third preseason game against the Seattle Seahawks. The injury caused him to miss the first 10 games of the season, with the duties of the team's starting quarterback being assumed by rookie Dak Prescott.Although Cowboys owner Jerry Jones initially said <mask> would remain the team's starter when he returned, Prescott's success with the team and the length of <mask>'s injury led to Jones reconsidering his decision. Amid Prescott guiding the team to an eight-game winning streak, <mask> conceded his role as starting quarterback to Prescott and began serving as the Cowboys' backup when he returned to the active roster in Week 11. <mask> made his season debut in the regular season finale on January 1, 2017 against the Philadelphia Eagles. In what would prove to be the final play of his career, he threw a touchdown pass to Terrance Williams before Mark Sanchez played the rest of the game. Retirement
On April 4, 2017, <mask> announced his retirement from the NFL. After announcing his retirement, he was released by the Cowboys, per his request. Following his retirement, Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban announced that <mask> would be a "Maverick for a day" for the Mavericks' final home game of their 2016–17 season.He warmed up with the team and sat in full uniform on the bench, but did not play in the game and was not considered an official member of the roster. On December 21, 2014, <mask> completed a team record 90.0% of his passes (18 of 20) in a home game against the Indianapolis Colts. Most passing yards in a game, 506 yards against the Denver Broncos on October 6, 2013. Broadcasting career
Following his retirement from the NFL, he was hired by CBS Sports to serve as the lead color analyst for the network's NFL telecasts, working in the booth alongside play-by-play announcer Jim Nantz, replacing Phil Simms, who was moved to the studio for The NFL Today. While there was no controversy of <mask> deciding to retire and move on to broadcasting, some critics questioned <mask> being immediately hired for the number one position ahead of broadcasting veterans Dan Fouts, Trent Green, or Rich Gannon, all of whom served in the number 2–4 positions respectively for CBS, with Fouts having once been the color commentator on Monday Night Football. None of the ex-players and coaches in a lead position on other networks at the time of <mask>'s hiring (Troy Aikman, Cris Collinsworth, and Jon Gruden) started their broadcasting career in the lead position. Simms jokingly asked <mask> "How does that seat feel?"during Week 1 of The NFL Today. Once the 2017 NFL season got underway, <mask> received critical praise for his work as a recent ex-player, most notably for his ability to predict offensive plays and read defensive formations from the booth, and "adding an enthusiasm that had been lacking with Simms." <mask> and Nantz received further acclaim for their broadcasting of the 2018 AFC Championship Game between the Kansas City Chiefs and the New England Patriots, as "Nantz continually set <mask> up to make his predictions and analysis prior to the snap", and some suggested that Chiefs head coach "Andy Reid could have used <mask> on his defensive staff, because the former quarterback knew just about every play the Patriots were going to run down the stretch." According to The Guardian, the "beauty of <mask>'s analysis is that it feels like he's in on the fun with you." <mask> and Nantz called Super Bowl LIII in Atlanta.The New Yorker has called him a "genius of football commentary." <mask> has received praise from other prominent sports commentators, including Bob Costas and Dick Vitale. In February 2020, <mask> renewed his contract with CBS through at least 2022, with the network reportedly paying him $17 million per year, which would make <mask> one of the highest-paid personnel in sports broadcasting and "the highest-paid NFL analyst in television history."Endorsements
In 2018, <mask> filled the vacancy of Jon Gruden in Corona's "Corona Hotline" commercials. <mask> has maintained his recurring position in the series of advertisements, and many of the television ad spots feature his fantasy football advice. Philanthropy
, <mask> hosted a youth football camp in Burlington, Wisconsin, annually during the summer, since 2004. In the Dallas area, <mask> participated in community activities in collaboration with United Way, the Make-A-Wish Foundation, and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Personal life

In November 2007, <mask> began dating American singer and actress Jessica Simpson. On December 16, 2007, Simpson attended a Dallas Cowboys–Philadelphia Eagles game at Texas Stadium, in which <mask> had a bad performance in the loss to the Eagles. Controversy erupted before the playoff game against the New York Giants—a game the Cowboys would lose—when pictures surfaced of <mask> (along with teammates Jason Witten and Bobby Carpenter) at a resort in Cabo San Lucas with Simpson.On July 13, 2009, People'' reported that <mask> and Simpson broke up on July 9, 2009, the night before her 29th birthday. On May 28, 2011, <mask> married Candice Crawford, the 2008 Miss Missouri USA, a former journalist for Dallas television station KDAF, and the sister of actor Chace Crawford. They had dated since the summer of 2009, and became engaged on December 16, 2010. The couple have three sons together: Hawkins Crawford <mask> (born April 9, 2012), <mask> (born March 18, 2014), and Jones McCoy <mask> (born August 23, 2017). <mask> is an avid amateur golfer, and attempted to qualify for the 2004 EDS Byron Nelson Championship and the 2005 U.S. Open, but failed. During the offseason, when not training, he plays golf around Dallas. He failed to make the cut in qualifying for Byron Nelson in 2008.In February 2018, it was announced that he had received a sponsor's exemption to play in the PGA Tour's Corales Puntacana Resort and Club Championship in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic from March 22–25. <mask> missed the cut with scores of 77 and 82, dead last in the 132-man field after the second round. In July 2018, he won the American Century Championship, a celebrity tournament. <mask> is a Christian and has spoken about his faith saying, "My faith has grown and I found that always having Jesus makes things a lot easier in my life. Having Jesus in your life gives you everlasting peace, which never goes away. It helps you handle the ups and downs of professional football." See also
 List of 500-yard passing games in the National Football League
 List of most consecutive games with touchdown passes in the National Football League

References

External links

 Dallas Cowboys biography

1980 births
Living people
American Christians
American football quarterbacks
American people of German descent
American people of Polish descent
American philanthropists
American sportspeople of Mexican descent
American television sports announcers
Dallas Cowboys players
Eastern Illinois Panthers football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League announcers
People from Burlington, Wisconsin
Players of American football from Dallas
Players of American football from San Diego
Players of American football from Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Dallas
Sportspeople from San Diego
Sportspeople from the Milwaukee metropolitan area
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players
Walter Payton Award

masks:
Romo
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Ben-Zion "<mask>" Gophstein (, born 10 September 1969) is a political activist affiliated with the radical right in Israel, a student of Meir Kahane, and founder and director of Lehava, an Israeli Jewish anti-assimilation organization. He was a member of the Council of Kiryat Arba, 2010-2013. In November 2019, he was indicted on charges of incitement to terrorism, violence and racism. <mask> is a student of Meir Kahane and an adherent of Kahanism, the ideology named for and developed by him and promoted by his banned Kach party in Israel. Kach incited to racism and advocated the expulsion of Arabs from Israel and the Palestinian Territories, and <mask> praised the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre committed by fellow Kach member Baruch Goldstein. He has participated in memorials to Kahane. Shortly after Kahane's 1990 assassination, <mask> was arrested, and then released, in a case involving the unsolved murder of an Arab couple.In 1994, <mask> was assigned to administrative detention as a result of his involvement with Kahane's then-banned organization. In 2015, in a tape-recorded talk, <mask> justified burning down churches based on the religious teachings against idolatry by 12th-century Jewish philosopher and scholar Maimonides. Later that year, he advocated expelling Christians from Israel and banning celebration of Christmas there. Hemla
<mask> has served as public relations director of Hemla, a publicly funded non-profit. Hemla for many years focused on "saving the daughters of Israel" from mixed marriages with Arab men, and received up to $175,000 each year from the state between 2005 and 2013. Part of the public funding went to <mask>'s salary. While some considered Hemla to be focused on keeping Jewish women from dating Arab men, <mask> described the charter of the Hemla in an interview with Haaretz:

Lehava
Gopstein serves as head of Lehava, an anti-assimilation organization.It is dedicated to preventing personal, romantic, or business relationships between Jews and non-Jews, particularly Arabs. Lehava's activities are documented in a recent report titled "Racism and Gender in Israel" by the Israel Religious Action Center and other groups active against racism. In 2011, Lehava plastered posters in ultra-Orthodox neighborhoods of Jerusalem deploring a supermarket chain that employed Palestinians. The slogan of the fliers was, "Do you want your grandson to be called Ahmad Ben Sarah?" The group began distributing "kosher certificates" to businesses that did not employ Arabs to encourage discrimination against non-Jews. In 2012, Lehava distributed fliers warning Palestinian men not to date Jewish women. In addition to opposing interfaith and interethnic marriages, and promoting discrimination against Palestinians and Arabs in employment, Lehava also has encouraged Israelis to report to the organization the names of Jews who rent to Palestinians so that they can be named and publicly shamed.A group of anti-racist organizations petitioned Israel's Supreme Court against the state attorney, Lehava, and <mask>. According to the petition, <mask> had, in addition to promoting discrimination against Palestinians and other Arabs, praised a group of Jewish youths who attacked Palestinians in Jerusalem, leaving one victim unconscious and hospitalized. The court case is pending. In 2014, three members of Lehava were arrested, and indicted in 2014 for committing arson and spray-painting anti-Arab graffiti at the Max Rayne Hand in Hand: Center for Jewish Arab Education in Israel (Yad B'Yad) Bilingual School in Jerusalem. <mask>, along with several other group members, was arrested shortly thereafter for incitement. In the same year, <mask> openly criticized Yair Netanyahu, son of then prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, for dating a non-Jewish women of Nordic descent. In January 2015, Channel 2 reported that Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon may be preparing to categorize Lehava as a terrorist organization.Ya'alon was reported to have ordered the Shin Bet and the Defense Ministry to assemble evidence required for the classification. The arson incident received international attention. <mask> issued a statement harshly critical of Ya'alon:

A journalist participated in Lehava undercover and reported on <mask>'s leadership. Liat Bar-Stav described a meeting that <mask> led for his followers, in which he said to them:

As the crowd responded with booing and cheering, <mask> continued:

Before his Facebook account was permanently disabled, it had doctored images of Arab Israeli Knesset members who appear to be hung by the neck. Anti-LGBT activity
In the past, the organization sought to disrupt and protest the Jerusalem Pride Parade in order to fight what <mask> called "LGBT terrorism", stating that the LGBT and alternative community "are bringing disaster to Israel". Advocacy outside Israel
<mask> wrote a letter to Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg protesting both Zuckerberg's marriage to a non-Jewish woman, as well as the Palestinian use of Facebook. He complained, "In Israel, too, assimilation is hitting us quite a bit because of your Facebook, where every Mohammed is 'CitySlicker' and every Yusuf calls himself 'Prince Charming'".In 2018, <mask> started a fundraiser to raise money to sue Facebook for censorship. Attitude towards Christians

<mask> has called for the incineration of Christian churches. The discussion centered on whether Maimonides's ruling to eliminate idol worship was valid also for modern times. On the Haredi website Kooker, <mask> published an article in December 2015 calling for the suppression of Christmas celebrations in Israel and the expulsion of Christians, whom he likened to vampires. Calling the Christian Church "the deadly enemy of the Jewish people for centuries", he claimed, "Their missionaries prowl for prey in Jerusalem." In response, Israeli groups have asked he be investigated for incitement. Reactions
In 2016, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) sent a letter to the Israeli government encouraging action to be taken to curb <mask>.In the letter to Attorney General Avichai Mendelblit, the ADL said that <mask> has referred to Christians as "bloodsucking vampires", condoned burning Christian churches, and that his Facebook page includes anti-LGBT posts, as well as ones the ADL calls "extremely abusive, racist, inflammatory, and violent". The Reform Center for Religion and Policy petitioned Mandelblit again in 2018. During a hearing however, the petition was withdrawn by suggestion of multiple Supreme Court justices. Election bans
In the run-up to the September 2019 Knesset election, <mask> boycotted a hearing of the High Court of Justice on whether Otzma Yehudit should be allowed on the ballot. He claimed that "the judges already made their decision" and would overturn the Law of Return if given the chance. Indictment
In late November 2019, nine years after an initial complaint had been filed by the Israeli Reform movement regarding his behavior,  <mask> was indicted for incitement to violence, racism and support for terrorism on the basis of a series of statements he made over a five-year period from 2012 to 2017, such as praising the mass murderer Baruch Goldstein, defending the actions of youths involved in the Zion Square assault, calling Palestinians a cancer, and stating that there was no shortage of Arabs who deserved to be beaten up. The indictment was approved by the Israeli Attorney General.<mask> responded by declaring he would persist in campaigning against Jewish-Arab coexistence and asserted that the indictment was tantamount to state-sponsored persecution. Personal life
<mask> is married to Anat <mask> and has eight children. References

1969 births
Israeli Kahanists
Living people
People from Bnei Brak
Israeli settlers
Anti-Arabism in Israel
Opposition to Christianity in Israel

masks:
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Kahanism Gopstein
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<mask> (July 8, 1889 – September 3, 1954) was an American actor who worked in both the silent and sound eras, performing in more than 240 productions between 1913 and 1946. After an early career as a slender leading man, Pallette became a stout character actor. He had a deep voice, which some critics have likened to the sound of a croaking frog, and is probably best-remembered for comic character roles such as Alexander Bullock (Carole Lombard's character's father) in My Man Godfrey (1936), Friar Tuck in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), and his similar role as Fray Felipe in The Mark of Zorro (1940). He also starred in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) and Heaven Can Wait (1943). Early life

He was born in Winfield, Kansas, the son of <mask> and Elnora "Ella" Jackson. Both of his parents had been actors in their younger years, but by 1889 Pallette's father was an insurance salesman. His sister was Beulah L<mask>.Pallette attended Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana. He also worked as a jockey, and did a stage act which included three horses. Career
Pallette began his acting career on the stage in stock company roles, appearing for a period of six years. Silent films
Pallette began his silent film career as an extra and stunt man in 1910 or 1911. His first credited appearance was in the one-reel short western/drama The Fugitive (1913) which was directed by Wallace Reid for Flying "A" Studios at Santa Barbara. The up-and-coming actor was also splitting an apartment with actor Wallace Reid. Quickly advancing to featured status, Pallette was cast in many westerns.He worked with D. W. Griffith on such films as The Birth of a Nation (1915), where he played two parts, one in blackface, and Intolerance (1916). He also played a Chinese role in Tod Browning's The Highbinders. At this time, <mask> had a slim, athletic figure, a far cry from his portly build later in his career. He starred as the slender sword-fighting swashbuckler Aramis in Douglas Fairbanks' 1921 version of The Three Musketeers, one of the great smash hits of the silent era. However, his girth had begun to get stockier, ending his ambitions of becoming a leading man. Discouraged, <mask> left Hollywood for the oil fields of Texas, where he both made and lost a sizable fortune of $140,000 () in the same year. Eventually he returned to film work.After gaining a great deal of weight, he became one of the screen's most recognizable character actors. In 1927, he signed as a regular for Hal Roach Studios and was a reliable comic foil in several early Laurel and Hardy movies. In later years, Pallette's weight may have topped out at more than 300 pounds (136 kg). Sound films

The advent of the talkies proved to be the second major career boost for Pallette. In 1929 he appeared as "Honey" Wiggin in the 1929 talkie The Virginian. His inimitable rasping gravel voice (described as "half an octave below anyone else in the cast") made him one of Hollywood's most sought-after character actors in the 1930s and 1940s. The typical Pallette role was gruff, aggravated and down to earth.He played the comically exasperated head of the family (e.g., My Man Godfrey, The Lady Eve, Heaven Can Wait), the cynical backroom sharpy (Mr. Smith Goes to Washington), and the gruff police sergeant in five Philo Vance films including The Kennel Murder Case. Pallette thus appeared in more Philo Vance films than any of the ten actors who played the aristocratic lead role of Vance. <mask>'s best-known role may be as Friar Tuck in The Adventures of Robin Hood; he made a similar appearance as Friar Felipe two years later in The Mark of Zorro. BBC commentator Dana Gioia described Pallette's onscreen appeal: The mature Pallette character is a creature of provocative contradictions—tough-minded but indulgent, earthy but epicurean, relaxed but excitable. His grit and gravel voice sounds simultaneously tough and comic. ... Pallette uses his girth to create a common touch. Stuffed into a tuxedo that seems perpetually near bursting, he seems more down-to-earth than the stylish high society types who surround him.<mask> was cast as the father of lead actress Jeanne Crain for the film In the Meantime, Darling (1944). Director Otto Preminger clashed with <mask> and claimed he was "an admirer of Hitler and convinced that Germany would win the war". Pallette refused to sit at the same table with black actor Clarence Muse in a scene set in a kitchen. "You're out of your mind, I won't sit next to a nigger", Pallette hissed at Preminger. Preminger furiously informed Fox studio head Darryl F. Zanuck, who fired <mask>. Although <mask> remains in scenes he already had filmed, the remainder of his role not yet shot was eliminated from the script. However, a 1953 issue of the African-American magazine Jet listed Pallette as being among the attendees of a Hollywood banquet honoring the then "oldest Negro actress in the world," Madame Sul-Te-Wan.For his part, <mask> always maintained that a medical problem with his throat ended his career. In increasingly ill health by his late fifties, Pallette made fewer and fewer movies, and for lesser studios. His final movie, Suspense, was released in 1946. Later life

In 1946, convinced that there was going to be a "world blow-up" by atomic bombs, the hawkish Pallette received considerable publicity when he set up a "mountain fortress" on a  ranch near Imnaha, Oregon, as a hideaway from universal catastrophe. The "fortress" reportedly was stocked with a sizable herd of prize cattle, enormous supplies of food, and had its own canning plant and lumber mill. When the "blow-up" he anticipated failed to materialize after two years, he began disposing of the Oregon ranch and returned to Los Angeles and his movie colony friends. He never appeared in another movie, however.<mask> died at age 65 in 1954 from throat cancer at his apartment, 10835 Wilshire Boulevard, in Los Angeles. His wife, Marjorie, and his sister, Beulah Phelps, were at his side. Private funeral services were conducted on Saturday, September 4, 1954, at the Armstrong Family Mortuary. His cremated remains are interred in an unmarked grave behind the monument of his parents at Green Lawn Cemetery in Grenola, Kansas. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6702 Hollywood Boulevard for his contribution to motion pictures. Filmography

 The Fugitive (1913, Short) as The Fugitive (film debut)
 When the Light Fades (1913, Short) as John Robertson
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) as Union Soldier (uncredited)
 The Highbinders (1915, Short) as Hop Woo
 The Story of a Story (1915, Short) as John Penhallow - The Author
 The Spell of the Poppy (1915, Short) as Manfredi
 Sunshine Dad (1916) as Alfred Evergreen
 The Children in the House (1916) as Arthur Vincent
 Going Straight (1916) as Jimmy Briggs
 Hell-to-Pay Austin (1916) as Harry Tracey
 Gretchen the Greenhorn (1916) as Rodgers
 Intolerance (1916) as Prosper Latour
 Each to His Kind (1917) as Dick Larimer
 The Winning of Sally Temple (1917) as Sir John Gorham
 The Bond Between (1917) as Raoul Vaux
 The Lonesome Chap (1917) as George Rothwell
 The Marcellini Millions (1917) as Mr. Murray
 The World Apart (1917) as Clyde Holt
 The Heir of the Ages (1917) as Larry Payne
 The Ghost House (1917) as Spud Foster
 Madam Who? (1918) as Lieutenant Conroy
 His Robe of Honor (1918) as Clifford Nordhoff
 Tarzan of the Apes (1918)
 A Man's Man (1918) as Capt.(1927, Short) as Detective, Intelligence Bureau
 Enemies of Society (1927) as Barney Mulholland
 Fluttering Hearts (1927, Short) as Motorcycle Cop
 Sugar Daddies (1927, Short) as Hardy Look-alike
 The Second Hundred Years (1927, Short) as Dinner Host (uncredited)
 Chicago (1927) as Rodney Casley
 The Battle of the Century (1927, Short) as Insurance agent (uncredited)
 Lights of New York (1928) as Gene
 The Good-Bye Kiss (1928) as The Captain
 Out of the Ruins (1928) as Volange
 The Red Mark (1928) as Sergeo
 His Private Life (1928) as Henri Bérgere
 The Swell Head (1928, Short)
 The Canary Murder Case (1929) as Sgt. Ernest Heath
 The Dummy (1929) as Madison
 The Studio Murder Mystery (1929) as Detective Lieutenant Dirk
 The Greene Murder Case (1929) as Sgt. Ernest Heath
 The Virginian (1929) as 'Honey' Wiggin
 The Love Parade (1929) as War Minister
 Pointed Heels (1929) as Joe Carrington
 The Kibitzer (1930) as Klaus
 Slightly Scarlet (1930) as Sylvester Corbett
 Men Are Like That (1930) as Traffic Cop
 The Benson Murder Case (1930) as Sgt. Boggs
 Mr. Skitch (1933) as Cliff Merriweather
 Cross Country Cruise (1934) as Willy Bronson
 Caravan (1934) as Gypsy Chief
 I've Got Your Number (1934) as Joe Flood
 Strictly Dynamite (1934) as Sourwood
 Friends of Mr. Sweeney (1934) as Wynn Rixey
 The Dragon Murder Case (1934) as Sgt. Allen
 Sandy Is a Lady (1940) as P.J. Barnett
 He Stayed for Breakfast (1940) as Maurice Duval
 A Little Bit of Heaven (1940) as Herrington
 The Mark of Zorro (1940) as Fray Felipe
 Ride, Kelly, Ride (1941) as Duke Martin
 The Lady Eve (1941) as Mr. Pike
 The Bride Came C.O.D. (1941) as Lucius K. Winfield
 World Premiere (1941) as Gregory Martin
 Unfinished Business (1941) as Elmer
 Swamp Water (1941) as Sheriff Jeb McKane
 Appointment for Love (1941) as George Hastings
 The Male Animal (1942) as Ed Keller
 Almost Married (1942) as Doctor Dobson
 Are Husbands Necessary?

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<mask> (born c. 1977 or 1980) is a Syrian Kurdish senior commander of the Women's Protection Units (YPJ) and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), who has fought in the Rojava conflict since it began in 2012, and has led several major campaigns against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). A revolutionary feminist, <mask>'s stated goal is to achieve social transformation in the Middle East through the YPJ, "liberating the Kurdish woman and the Syrian woman in general from the ties and control of traditional society, as well as liberating the entirety of Syria from terrorism and tyranny". Biography

Early life
As <mask> has disclosed relatively little about her life, her biography before taking up arms is largely unknown; even her age and birthplace are disputed. Because of that, T-Online went so far as to describe her as "mysterious". According to an interview she gave The New Yorker in late 2017, <mask> was born around 1977 as the child of a poor farming family near Qamishli. Various other claims regarding her origins have circulated on the Internet, however, with the Turkish news agency Jihan News and other SDF officials putting her birthdate at 1980 and/or her birthplace at al-Hasakah. Many reports by other media agencies have repeated the information of Jihan News, while others claim that <mask> was born in 1962, 1966 or 1968, with one media agency even saying that she is from Batman in Turkey.This last claim was denied by a close associate of her, who told T-Online that she was definitely a Syrian Kurd. Due to her family's poverty, <mask> was only able to attend a university relatively late in her life. By 2011, she was studying Arabic literature at Hasakah University. Before the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War, <mask> claims that she had intended to eventually attend the national military academy and become a Syrian Army officer. Upon the spread of the civil uprising against Bashar al-Assad in 2011, however, she decided to leave Hasakah University and return to her hometown Qamishli, where she quickly joined the Democratic Union Party's People's Protection Units (YPG). Military service

Siege of Kobanî and first commands
With the uprising escalating into a civil war, <mask> received just a few days of training before she was issued a weapon. As part of the Rojava-Islamist conflict, she went on to fight against Islamist Syrian rebel forces in the al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–13).Around late 2014, however, she was in the Kobanî Canton and among the YPG/YPJ forces that ended up being besieged in the town of Kobanî by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). By this time a NCO in the Women's Protection Units (YPJ), <mask> commanded a small, lightly armed squad of eleven other women during the siege. Her unit took part in the Battle for Mishtanour Hill, where she fought alongside Arin Mirkan, who became famous for her suicide attack on an ISIL tank. Despite the bitter resistance of the YPG/YPJ, the hill eventually fell to ISIL, whereupon <mask> and her squad retreated further into Kobanî. By the time the siege was broken in January 2015, <mask> had been wounded by shrapnel, and five of her subordinates killed while two others were also wounded. The rest of her squad eventually returned to civilian life, and only <mask> continued to be active in the military. When the YPG/YPJ launched a counter-offensive to drive ISIL from the countryside surrounding Kobanî in early 2015, <mask> was first given command of 45 fighters, and then 300.From that point on, she rose to become one of the YPG/YPJ's most important commanders. Operations in eastern Syria and Raqqa campaign
<mask> took part in the capture of Tell Hamis during the eastern al-Hasakah offensive, the Tell Abyad offensive, and the Al-Shaddadi offensive. In May 2016 she led a first offensive against the de facto capital of ISIL, Raqqa, while commanding 15,000 fighters. Her forces captured 23 villages, though in the end the offensive stalled, as the SDF redeployed its fighters for the more successful Manbij offensive, in which Felat also took part. Sometime in mid 2016, an ISIL bombing at a wedding in al-Hasakah killed 22 of her family members and relatives. In November 2016, the SDF launched another campaign to capture Raqqa, with <mask> in overall charge of the operations in the northern Raqqa countryside. This time, the troops under <mask>'s command succeeded in capturing their objectives, whereupon the attention of the SDF shifted to the Tabqa Dam and surrounding areas.These were targeted in the course of the offensive's second phase, which commenced on 10 December and during which <mask> served as leading commander for the YPJ units involved. In the subsequent phases during the campaign to capture Raqqa, <mask> continued to serve as one of the most important YPJ commanders, and took part in the operations to capture the Tabqa Dam, Tabqa Airbase, and al-Thawrah city from ISIL. On 25 April 2017, <mask> visited the site of a major Turkish airstrike against the YPG near al-Malikiyah along with YPG and US officials. In October 2017, <mask> commanded a contingent of SDF fighters who successfully captured Raqqa. <mask> and others were pictured waving SDF flags in the former Islamic State capital city's iconic al-Naim square after SDF forces declared victory in the Battle of Raqqa. At the occasion, she noted that "her heart was jumping for joy" as the YPG/YPJ leadership had believed that the battle for the city would be "much more difficult" than it had been. By late 2018, Felat was taking part in the Deir ez-Zor campaign which aimed at defeating the last ISIL holdouts in Syria east of the Euphrates.In early October 2019, <mask> took part in a conference in Rome, declaring that the war against ISIL was continuing while stressing the importance of democratic confederalism. Personal life
<mask> is a strong adherent of the YPG/YPJ. She has decided to never marry or have children, and instead intends to serve in the military for the rest of her life. A nonpracticing Muslim, she is a follower of Abdullah Öcalan's revolutionary ideology and self-identifies as radical feminist, fighting for social reforms in Syria that would improve the rights and lives of women of all ethnicities. Among her personal heroes are the Polish-German radical Communist Rosa Luxemburg, PKK leader Sakine Cansız, and the Iraqi Kurdish activist Leyla Qasim. <mask> is also critical of capitalism, saying that "the capitalist system views us [women in general] as objects". As a military leader, she is inspired by Otto von Bismarck, Napoleon, Saladin, as well as her deceased comrade Arin Mirkan.<mask> has been described as talented military leader, though she herself has simply said that she is "good at strategy". In regard to the military capabilities of the female fighters under her command, <mask> has commented that "Often, in military matters, people look down on women with condescension, claiming we're too delicate, that we wouldn't dare carry a knife or a gun. But you can see for yourself that in the YPJ we can operate a dushka, we know how to use mortars and we can conduct demining operations." She also praised the suicide attack of Zuluh Hemo (a.k.a. "Avesta Habur") against the Turkish Armed Forces during the Turkish military operation in Afrin, saying that her sacrifice prevented Turkish forces from "shelling children and civilians in Afrin" and urged other women to follow Hemo's example. <mask> comes from a poor farming family, and several of her relatives were victims of ISIL, further motivating her to fight against the Jihadist organization: Besides 22 of her family members who were killed in an ISIL bombing in al-Hasakah, her younger brother Mezul was killed by a roadside bomb while serving with the YPG in 2013. Recognition
She is portrayed in the documentary I am the Revolution by Benedetta Argentieri.Notes

References

Female army generals
Kurdish female military and paramilitary personnel
Kurdish feminists
Syrian feminists
Living people
Kurdish military personnel
Kurdish women
People of the Syrian civil war
People from Al-Hasakah
People's Protection Units
Syrian Kurdish people
Women in war in the Middle East
Women in 21st-century warfare
21st-century Syrian people
Year of birth missing (living people)

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Rojda Felat
Felat
Roda Felat
Felat
Felat
Felat
Felat
Felat
Felat
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Felat
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<mask> CD (11 July 1947 – 19 October 2014) was a Jamaican reggae singer and songwriter who first found fame as a member of The Paragons, before establishing himself as a solo artist. Early life
<mask> was born in the Greenwich Farm area of Kingston, Jamaica, in 1947. His mother Amy was a nurse. By the age of 12, he was a regular entrant in talent contests run at Jamaican theatres by <mask>, winning 28 contests, some broadcast live on Radio Jamaica. Career and recognition
He recorded his first single in 1963 with "Forever I'll Stay"/"I Cried a Tear" for record producer Leslie Kong, and also recorded a duet with Alton Ellis, "Rum Bumper", for producer Vincent "Randy" Chin. In 1965 <mask> joined Bob Andy, Garth "Tyrone" Evans, and Junior Menz in their group the Binders; Menz departed to be replaced by Howard Barrett and they changed their name to the Paragons. They initially recorded for Clement "Coxsone" Dodd's Studio One before cutting a succession of singles for Duke Reid at his Treasure Isle Studio in the rocksteady era of 1966–1968; They enjoyed a string of hits, including "Ali Baba", "Tonight", "I See Your Face", and the Holt-penned "The Tide Is High" (later made famous by Blondie and also covered by Atomic Kitten)."Wear You to the Ball" was another of his hits with the Paragons, and it made the charts again when U-Roy (whom he had introduced to Duke Reid) recorded a Deejay version over it. With Andy having left early on, the departures of Barrett (in 1969) and Evans (in 1970), who had both won scholarships in the US, brought the group to an end. During his time with the Paragons, he also recorded solo material for Bunny Lee ("Tonight"), and Harry J. He subsequently concentrated on his solo career, recording for Prince Buster ("Oh Girl", "Rain From the Skies"), Reid ("Stealing Stealing", "Ali Baba"), Dodd (including "Fancy Make-up", "A Love I Can Feel", "Let's Build Our Dreams" and "OK Fred"), Alvin Ranglin ("Strange Things"), and Phil Pratt ("My Heart Is Gone"). By the early 1970s, he was one of the biggest stars of reggae, and his work with producer Lee was key to his success; "Stick By Me" was the biggest selling Jamaican record of 1972, one of a number of records recorded with Lee. His 1973 Harry Mudie-produced album, Time Is The Master, was successful, with orchestral arrangements recorded in London by Tony Ashfield. The success of the string-laden reggae led to Trojan Records issuing a series of similarly arranged albums produced by Ashfield starting with the 1,000 Volts of Holt in 1973, a compilation of <mask>'s reggae cover versions of popular hits (and later followed by similarly named releases up to the Lee-produced 3,000 Volts of Holt).1,000 Volts spawned the UK Top 10 hit "Help Me Make It Through the Night" (written by Kris Kristofferson), which peaked at number 6, and included covers of Billy Joel's "Just the Way You Are" and "Touch Me in the Morning" by Diana Ross. He had success back in Jamaica in 1976 with "Up Park Camp" (on a reworking of the Heptones' "Get in the Groove" rhythm), and his success continued into the 1980s with tracks such as "Police in Helicopter" and "Fat She Fat", recorded with producer Henry "Junjo" Lawes, and a standout appearance at the 1982 Reggae Sunsplash festival. "Police in Helicopter" was a condemnation of the Jamaican government's crackdown on marijuana plantations. The cover to the album single pictured <mask> growing locks and a beard, an indication of the increasing importance of Rastafari in his life. He continued to tour regularly, performed several times at Sunsplash in the 1990s, and performed in the United Kingdom with the Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra, with a live album taken from these shows released in 2001. In 2004 he was awarded the Order of Distinction (Commander Class) by the Jamaican government for his contribution to Jamaican music. <mask>'s style, notably slower and more romantic than most of his contemporaries, is a recognisable forerunner of the lovers rock subgenre.His song "Man Next Door" has been covered by numerous other reggae artists, including Dennis Brown, UB40 and Horace Andy. The latter sang in a more electronic vein for the Massive Attack album Mezzanine. In February 2022, the 1973 compilation of <mask>'s recordings, 1000 Volts of Holt, received gold certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales in the UK. Personal life and death
Having been taken ill at the One Love Festival on 16 August, <mask> died on 19 October 2014 in the Wellington Hospital in London. He had been diagnosed with colon cancer in June 2014. He is survived by his wife Valerie, 12 children, and 25 grandchildren. His funeral took place on 17 November at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Kingston, and featured performances by U-Roy, The Silvertones, Tinga Stewart, Boris Gardiner, George Nooks, Luciano, Carlene Davis, Ken Boothe, and members of <mask>'s family, backed by Lloyd Parks and the We the People Band.He was buried at Dovecot Memorial Park. DVDs
<mask> in Symphony With the Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra (2003)
<mask> & Freddie McGregor – Living Legends Live in Concert (2011)

References

External links
<mask> biography at Allmusic website
Riddimguide information
<mask> at Roots Archives
 "Veteran reggae singer <mask> dies aged 69", Guardian music, 20 October 2014. 1947 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Jamaican reggae musicians
Rocksteady musicians
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Island Records artists
Trojan Records artists
Recipients of the Order of Distinction
Jamaican male singers
Deaths from cancer in England
VP Records artists
Greensleeves Records artists

masks:
John Kenneth Holt
Holt
Vere Johns
Holt
Holt
Holt
Holt
Holt
Holt
Holt
John Holt
John Holt
John Holt
John Holt
John Holt


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<mask> (September 16, 1912 – February 15, 1988) was decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps who reached the rank of major general. He spent his career mostly in Quartermaster Department of the Marine Corps beginning in the field assignments during World War II. <mask> later served as commanding general, Marine Corps Supply Center Albany and also Assistant Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps and deputy to Major General Chester R. Allen. Early years

<mask><mask> was born on September 16, 1912, in Bloomington, Indiana, as the son of <mask> and <mask>. Upon the graduation from the high school, he enrolled the Indiana University in Bloomington and graduated with Bachelor of Arts degree in June 1936. While at the university, <mask> completed the advanced training with the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit and was commissioned Reserve Second lieutenant in June 1935.However <mask> resigned his reserve commission in order to accept appointment as second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on July 7, 1936, and was subsequently ordered to the Basic School at Philadelphia Navy Yard for further officer training. He completed the school in April 1937 and was attached to the Marine detachment aboard the battleship USS Arkansas which participated in the midshipmen training cruises in the Western Atlantic. His tour of sea duty ended in September 1938 and <mask> was transferred to Washington, D.C., for duties with local Marine Barracks. During his time there, he also served as editor and publisher for Leatherneck Magazine. <mask> spent almost three years there and served also as Post Exchange officer and commanding officer of the Marine Corps Institute. He was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in July 1939 and took part in the temporary duty with the Marine Guard Detachment at Little White House in Warm Springs, Georgia – the personal retreat of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. World War II

In June 1941, <mask> was transferred to the Marine Corps Air Station, Quantico for duty as station quartermaster.While in this capacity, he was promoted to the rank of captain in June 1942 and to major in August of that year. <mask> was transferred to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina in October 1942 and appointed adjutant and executive officer of Quartermaster School, Fleet Marine Force Training Center. He received promotion to lieutenant colonel in March 1944 and subsequently was ordered overseas in October of that year. He was ordered to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and appointed officer in charge of General Supply Section, Supply Division of Service Command, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific under Major General Earl C. Long. In this capacity, he was co-responsible for the supply, salvage, evacuation, construction, personnel management, quartering and sanitation needs of all FMFPac units and others marine units in its area. While in this capacity, <mask> took part in the Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations and received Navy Commendation Medal for his service. He was transferred to the staff of United States Army Forces, Western Pacific under General Douglas MacArthur and assumed duty as Marine logistics officer of the Provisional Marine detachment.His unit participated in the preparation for the Invasion to Japan, but it was cancelled following the surrender of Japan in August 1945. Later service

<mask> then returned to Pearl Harbor for service with Service Command and served as assistant operations officer until February 1946. He subsequently assumed duty as editor-in-chief of Leatherneck Magazine in Washington, D.C., and remained in this capacity until August of that year. He was then appointed executive officer, Division of Public Information at Headquarters Marine Corps and served under Brigadier General William E. Riley until August 1947, when he was ordered for the instruction at Industrial College of the Armed Forces. <mask> graduated in June 1948 and served as supply officer and assistant head, Material Section, Division of Aviation at Headquarters Marine Corps. In July 1951, <mask> was transferred to California and assumed duty as depot supply officer, Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego under Major General William T. Clement. For his new assignment, he was promoted to the rank of colonel in November of that year.However, due to his previous experiences with supplying of Marine Aviation units, <mask> was transferred to Korea in May 1954 and served as wing supply officer, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing under Major General Verne J. McCaul. The truce was already in effect and <mask> saw no combat while in Far East. He returned to the United States in May 1955 and following a brief leave at home, he assumed duty as director, Material Division within Marine Corps Supply Center, Barstow, California. In August 1957, <mask> served as chief of staff of the center under Brigadier General Ralph B. DeWitt until he was ordered to Camp Lejeune in September 1958 as commanding officer, Marine Corps Supply Schools. After two years there, <mask> was transferred to the Pentagon and served in the Office of Supply Management Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Supply and Logistics). Upon his promotion to the rank of brigadier general in July 1961, he was appointed assistant to Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps, Chester R. Allen. In this capacity, <mask> was co-responsible for the support of development, production, acquisition, and sustainment of general supply, Mortuary Affairs, subsistences, petroleum and water, material and distribution management during peace and war to provide combat power to the U.S. Marine Corps units.He left Washington in September 1962 and assumed command of Marine Corps Supply Center Albany, Georgia. In January 1964, <mask> assumed command of Marine Corps Supply Activity in Philadelphia and served in this capacity until his promotion to the rank of major general on February 28, 1966. He was then ordered back to Korea and participated in the peace negotiations with Chinese and North Koreans at Panmunjom as senior member, Military Armistice Commission. For his service during the supervision of Korean Armistice Agreement and other duties, <mask> was decorated with Joint Service Commendation Medal. <mask> returned to the United States in November 1966 and assumed his final duties as commanding general, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He commanded the base during the early phase of Vietnam War and was responsible for the training of new marine recruits and other units, which was later deployed in Vietnam. <mask> served in this capacity until September 30, 1968, when he was relieved by Major General Rathvon M. Tompkins and subsequently retired from active service.He was decorated with the Legion of Merit for his service at Camp Lejeune. Retirement

Following his retirement from the Marine Corps after 33 years of commissioned service, <mask> settled in Indiana and worked in executive position within Indiana University Foundation. He served as director of Indiana University Sesquicentennial Campaign and received the university's Distinguished Alumni Service Award. <mask> later served as special projects coordinator and president of alumni association and remained in this capacities until his death on February 15, 1988, in Indianapolis. He was buried at Rose Hill Cemetery in Bloomington, Indiana, together with his wife, former Jane Bayer of Indianapolis. They had one son, John O<mask> who served in the Marine Corps as Reserve Officer.In 1992, <mask><mask> was inducted to the Monroe County Hall of fame. Decorations

Here is the ribbon bar of Major General <mask><mask>:

References

1912 births
1988 deaths
People from Bloomington, Indiana
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni
United States Marine Corps Quartermaster Officers
United States Marine Corps generals
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
Recipients of the Legion of Merit

masks:
Joseph Orville Butcher
Butcher
Joseph O
. Butcher
Orville
Ella Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
. Butcher
Joseph O
. Butcher
Joseph O
. Butcher


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1964) is Professor of British and American Literature at the University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, Jamaica, and a freelance academic writer and film music composer. Since 2009 he has been an independent scholar in Cambridge and a bye-Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. Biography
<mask> grew up in Bristol, England and was educated at Bristol Grammar School and New College, Oxford. His doctoral thesis, on the use of brackets in English literature, was published by the Clarendon Press as the monograph But I Digress, and called both "a delight-house of a book" and "the strangest book (I think) I have ever reviewed". He taught at the Open University, the University of London, and the University of Cambridge before taking up his present chair at UWI. He is also a member of the Global Virtual Faculty of Fairleigh Dickinson University, and the general editor of the Genre Fiction Sightlines and Monographs series for Humanities-E-Books. Beyond his unusual work on punctuation <mask>'s major work has been in literary handbooks for students in the last years of school and first of college.The Poetry Handbook: A Guide to Reading Poetry for Pleasure and Practical Criticism (OUP, 1996, 2nd edition 2005) has now sold more than 25,000 copies and has an associated website. It was followed by The Drama Handbook: A Guide to Reading Plays (co-written with Mary Luckhurst, Professor of Modern Drama at the University of York), trying to bridge the gap between text-based literary and more performative teaching. <mask>'s more recent involvement with work on genre fiction, particularly Crime Writing, Science fiction, and Children's literature, reflects a long history of 'unliterary' reading and interest in literature as a means of living as well as a subject of aesthetic and historical study. He has variously protested the application of class snobbery to literature, and But I Digress features parentheses by Elvis Costello and Robert B. Parker as well as chapters on Marvell, Coleridge, and T. S. Eliot. Both Handbooks were similarly eclectic in choosing examples, and his annotated edition of the award-winning Jamaican verse-novel View from Mount Diablo by Ralph Thompson considers both the crime novel and the Bildungsroman as models. <mask>'s former students include Steven Poole of The Guardian, Tristram Stuart and screenwriter Helen Raynor. Works
But I Digress: The Exploitation of Parentheses in English Printed Verse (Clarendon Press, 1991)
The Poetry Handbook (Oxford University Press, 1996).Second edition, 2005. The Drama Handbook (Oxford University Press, 2002). With Mary Luckhurst. Of Modern Dragons and other essays on Genre Fiction (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Troubador, 2008; Kindle 2010). (digital);  (paperback)
Literature Insights: Shakespeare, Hamlet (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Troubador, 2008; Kindle 2010). (digital ed. );  (paperback)
Genre Fiction Sightlines: Reginald Hill, On Beulah Height (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010).Genre Fiction Sightlines: Walter Mosley, Devil in a Blue Dress (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Genre Fiction Sightlines: Octavia Butler, Xenogenesis / Lilith's Brood (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Genre Fiction Sightlines: Ian McDonald, Chaga / Evolution's Shore (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Genre Fiction Sightlines: Tamora Pierce, The Immortals: Wild Magic, Wolf-Speaker, The Emperor Mage, The Realms of the Gods (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Literature Insights: Paul Scott, The Raj Quartet & Staying On (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Literature Insights: Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita (Humanities-Ebooks, 2008; Kindle 2010). Ralph Thompson, View from Mount Diablo: An Annotated Edition (Peepal Tree Press & Humanities-Ebooks, 2009; Kindle 2010).(paperback);  (digital ed.) Of Sex and Faerie: Further essays on Genre Fiction (Humanities-Ebooks, Troubador, & Kindle, 2010). (PDF)  (Reflowable format)  (paperback)
Literature Insights: Shakespeare, King Lear (Humanities-Ebooks & Kindle, 2010). (PDF)  (Kindle)
Literature Insights: Reading William Faulkner: Go Down, Moses, & Big Woods (Humanities-Ebooks & Kindle, 2012). (PDF)  (Kindle)
Talking Sense About Fifty Shades of Grey, or, Fanfiction, Feminism, and BDSM (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2012). ASIN BOOAK02ZG1
Tolkien's Triumph: The Strange History of The Lord of the Rings (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2013). ASIN BOOG3CBZSA
The Exasperating Case of David Weber, or, The Slow Death of the Honorverse (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2015).ASIN BO15TGKWPC
Mock-death in Shakespeare's Plays (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2016). ASIN BO1JSRLAHM
‘Punctuation: and – Pragmatics’, in A. Jucker, ed., Historical Pragmatics  (Benjamins, 1995), pp. 65–98. /1-55619-328-9
"Writing to Form: Verse", in <mask> & Mary Luckhurst, eds, The Creative Writing Handbook: Techniques for New Writers  (Macmillan, 1996; 2nd edition, 1999), pp. 164–200. "Classical Learning in Regional Voices: The Work of Derek Walcott, Wole Soyinka, and Tony Harrison", in Jean Paul Lehners, Guy Schuller, & Janine Goedert, eds, Regions, nations, mondialisation: Aspects politiques, economiques, culturels (Centre Universitaire de Luxembourg, 1996), pp. 139–49."CrimeFiction", "Period", "Punctuation", ‘Rhyme", "Apestail", "Apostrophe", "Blank", "Caesura", "Guillemets", "Mise-en-Page", "Nota", "Parenthesis", "Rhyme Scheme", "Scriptio Continua" & "Wrenched Accent", in J. A. Cuddon, ed., A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory  (4th ed., rev. Claire Preston, Blackwell, 1998; Penguin, 1999). "Mark, Space, Axis, Function: towards a (new) theory of punctuation on historical principles’, in Anne Henry, Joe Bray, & Miriam Fraser, eds, Ma(r)king the Text: The presentation of meaning on the literary page (Ashgate, 2000), pp. 1–11. "Reginald Hill", in Jay Parini, ed., British Writers Supplement IX (Scribner’s Sons, 2004), pp. 109–26."R. K. Narayan", ‘Paul Scott’, & ‘Derek Walcott’, in Jay Parini, ed., World Writers in English  (2 vols, Scribner’s Sons, 2004), II. 385–407, 645–64, 721–46. "Ian Rankin", in Jay Parini, ed., British Writers Supplement X, (Scribner’s Sons, 2004), pp. 243–60. "Introduction" to The Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes  (OUP, 2006), pp. ix–xxxii. "Staging ‘the Holocaust" in England", & (with Dawn Fowler) "On War: Charles Wood’s Military Conscience", in Mary Luckhurst, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Modern British and Irish Drama (Blackwell, 2006)."Patrick O'Brian", in Jay Parini, ed, British Writers Supplement XII, (Scribner's Sons, 2006), pp. 247–66. "Quantity and Quality in Literary Studies", in Journal of Education and Development in the Caribbean, vol. 11, no. 1 (December 2009), pp. 23–9
‘In/visible Punctuation’, in Visible Language 45.1/2 (Summer 2011), pp. 123–39."(Absent) Gods and the Sharing Knife: Lois McMaster Bujold’s Myths of Integration", in Janet Brennan Croft, ed., Lois McMaster Bujold: Essays on a Modern Master of Science Fiction and Fantasy (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2012). Design and layout for Laura Curino, Passion (trans. Mary Luckhurst & Gabriella Giannachi), in Lizbeth Goodman, ed., Mythic Women/Real Women: Plays and Performance Pieces by Women (Faber & Faber, 2000), pp. 87–112. Commentary, background material, and student notes in April De Angelis, A Laughing Matter (Faber & Faber/Out of Joint, 2002). 36–7
"Informing a Voice", The Sunday Observer (Kingston), 18/12/05, Lifestyle, p. 22
"Without Title", The Liberal : Poetry, Politics, Culture (February/March 2006), p. 55
"Reservoirs of Blood", The Liberal : Poetry, Politics, Culture (Autumn 2007), pp. 54–5
"Plunder and Protection", Jamaica Journal 31.3 (12/08), pp.80–1
"Chapters in Verse", The Liberal : Poetry, Politics, Culture (Spring 2009), pp. 34–6

References

1964 births
Living people
People educated at Bristol Grammar School
Alumni of New College, Oxford
English literary critics
University of the West Indies academics
Academics of the Open University
Academics of the University of London
Fellows of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
English male non-fiction writers

masks:
John Lennard
Lennard
Lennard
Lennard
Lennard
John Singleton


text_chunks:
<mask> (; 27 October 1888 – 16 January 1974) was a Soviet military commander, reaching the rank of colonel-general in the Red Army. Early life, World War I, and Russian Civil War
<mask> was born in a small village in Oryol Governorate, Russian Empire (now Volovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, Russia). Conscripted for military service, he joined the Semyonovsky Regiment in November 1909 and soon rose up the non-commissioned ranks during World War I. In December 1914 he was promoted to master sergeant for distinction in battle. In 1915 he graduated as a warrant officer after completing studies in Omsk. He served on the Southwestern Front and participated in the Brusilov Offensive. In January 1918 he was seconded to the headquarters of the prestigious 1st Guards Corps.He received all four classes of the Cross of St. George (earning the title "Full Cavalier of Saint George") as well as the Order of Saint Anna, 4th class. In early 1918 <mask> was demobilized having reached the rank of lieutenant. Volunteering for the Red Army at the outset of the Russian Civil War, <mask> was first appointed as a military officer for his hometown. In May 1919 he was sent to the front, commanding a platoon, a company, and then a battalion in the 28th Rifle Regiment of the 7th Rifle Division. He fought on the Eastern Front against the White Army troops of Alexander Kolchak in the Votkinsk and Izhevsk districts, but in the summer the regiment was urgently transferred to the Southern Front, where Anton Denikin was advancing on Moscow. In August he became deputy commander and then commander of the 55th Rifle Regiment, also of the 7th Division, and fought in battles around Oboyan and Sudzha. From October to November he was involved in the Orel–Kursk operation, a decisive Soviet victory in which the Red Army regained the initiative.During the Polish–Soviet War he commanded a regiment and then the 20th and 19th brigades of the 7th Division. In the autumn of 1920 he fought against Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz near Ovruch and then against the anarchist army of Nestor Makhno near Zolotonosha. Interwar period
After the civil war he continued to serve in the 7th Rifle Division as commander of the 19th Rifle Regiment, stationed in the Kiev Military District. In 1925 he completed the Vystrel course as part of his officer training and in 1927 he graduated from the Frunze Military Academy. In November 1928 he was appointed assistant commander of the 15th Rifle Division. In August 1932 he became the inspector of the 5th Aviation Brigade and in September 1933 he became the head of the sector for the Soviet Air Forces. In February 1934 he became the assistant commander of the 25th Chapayev Rifle Division, named after its first commander, Vasily Chapayev.In 1935 he became the division commander. During this time <mask> was under investigation by the NKVD, the Soviet secret police. This investigation was during a widespread purge of the Red Army, part of the Great Purge, where officers of the former Imperial army especially came under suspicion. He was arrested in June 1938 but released in February 1940. After his release he served as an instructor at the Vystrel course. World War II
A month after Operation Barbarossa began <mask> was given command of the 258th Rifle Division, hastily formed in the Orel Military District. In August 1941 the division was assigned to the 50th Army, part of the newly-forming Bryansk Front.The unit saw action in the Roslavl–Novozybkov Offensive and the Battle of Bryansk from September to October. During the Battle of Moscow the army was encircled by the attacking 17th Panzer Division and 167th Infantry Division, but the 258th Division was able to escape and prevent the complete destruction of the army. The division then helped stop Guderian's Second Panzer Army at Tula, on the southern flank of the German assault on Moscow. After the successful defensive operation the original strength of the 258th Infantry Division was less than 10 percent. In November <mask> was assigned command of the 217th Rifle Division, also part of 50th Army. In January 1942 <mask> led the division in the Soviet counteroffensive in the Moscow area, helping to liberate Kaluga and participating in the bloody Battles of Rzhev, known as the "Rzhev Meat Grinder" ("Ржевская мясорубка"). In June 1942 he became deputy commander of the 16th Army under Konstantin Rokossovsky.In July Rokossovsky was promoted to command the Bryansk Front, as it was expected the Wehrmacht would once more attack Moscow. When it became clear that the German focus was on the Southern Front, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin transferred Rokossovsky to the Don Front in preparation for a planned Soviet counterattack at Stalingrad. In October, at Rokossovsky's request, <mask> became deputy commander of the Don Front. He participated in the organization and management of troops in the Battle of Stalingrad and the destruction of the encircled German 6th Army. <mask> led the armies on the Don Front's right wing, including the 57th, 67th and 64th armies. In February 1943 <mask> again served as deputy commander to Rokossovsky on the Central Front in preparation for a summer offensive aimed at a German salient around the city of Kursk. In April <mask> received command of the 10th Guards Army of the Western Front.He led the army during Operation Suvorov, an attempt to liberate Smolensk that summer. In early August <mask>'s army tried several times to break through the German XII Army Corps, but reinforcements from the 9th Army prevented any advance. During the first phrase of the operation the 10th Guards suffered 30 percent casualties and its most elite unit, the 65th Guards Rifle Division, was almost annihilated, having lost 75 percent of its personnel in just seven days. On September 10 <mask> was relieved of command and replaced with Alexander Sukhomlin. He would hold no more major commands for the rest of the war. In December 1943 he was appointed assistant commander of the 1st Belorussian Front under his old comrade Rokossovsky, following him to the 2nd Belorussian Front in 1944 during the Soviet advance through Belorussia (Belarus) and into Poland. In this position he participated in the East Prussian Offensive, the East Pomeranian Offensive, and the Battle of Berlin.At the Moscow Victory Parade of 1945 <mask> led the consolidated regiment of the 2nd Belorussian Front. After the war, he continued as deputy commander of the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front until August 1945, when he became deputy commander-in-chief of the Northern Group of Forces stationed in Poland. In January 1951 he was retired due to illness. He died on January 16, 1974 and is buried in the Vvedenskoye Cemetery in Moscow. Citations

References

External links
<mask> <mask> on Lipetsk Regional Universal Science Library: Memory of the Eternal Fire (in Russian)
"My Grandfather Kuzma, Four Georges, and Paulus" from Rodina magazine (in Russian)

Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Russian people of World War I
Soviet colonel generals
Imperial Russian Army officers
Soviet rehabilitations
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Recipients of the Virtuti Militari (1943–1989)
Recipients of the Cross of St. George
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 4th class
Recipients of the Médaille militaire (France)
Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 2nd class
Burials at Vvedenskoye Cemetery
1974 deaths
1888 births

masks:
Kuzma Petrovich Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Kuzma
Trubnikov