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Memphis Pal <mask>, born <mask>, was an American boxer from Memphis, who claimed the World Bantamweight Championship in 1918 defeating championship claimant Johnny Ertle in Baltimore. He was rated as the seventeenth best bantamweight of all time by boxing.com, and was elected to the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2010. Managed by Tommy Walsh, <mask> fought over 200 fights. He fought over thirty bouts with fifteen world champions, of which he impressively won nineteen. Boxing record

Early boxing career
<mask> was born on July 28, 1894, in Kenton, Tennessee. Beginning in 1913 in the Memphis area, he was undefeated in his first 10 fights. On March 25, 1915, <mask> defeated Italian boxer Young Zulu Kid in a ten-round points decision in New Orleans, Louisiana.He would defeat the talented Zulu Kid two more times, on January 13, 1916, in an eight-round points decision in his hometown of Memphis and on August 5, 1916, in a ten-round newspaper decision in Brooklyn. On October 28, 1915, <mask> defeated gifted boxer Kid Williams decisively in a non-title, eight-round newspaper decision of The Washington Post. Williams was down twice in the bout. Williams had taken the World Bantamweight Championship in June 1914 and held it through 1917. As early as 1915, <mask> had clearly identified himself as a top bantamweight and a serious contender for the World Bantamweight Championship, but he would be granted precious few shots at the title. Defeating future bantamweight champion Pete Herman in early career

On November 15, 1915, <mask> defeated Pete Herman for the first time in an eight-round points decision in Memphis, Tennessee. On March 24, 1919, <mask> likely defeated Herman again according to the eight-round newspaper decision of the Memphis Commercial Appeal on March 24, 1919, at the New Lyric Theatre in Memphis.The bout was not recorded as a title match, but the title may have changed hands if <mask> had knocked out Herman. Herman held the World Bantamweight Championship almost continuously from January 1917 through September 1921 excluding the first seven months of 1921. Surprisingly, <mask> never had the opportunity to challenge Herman again for the World Bantamweight Title. On February 20, 1917, <mask> first met Jack "Kid" Wolfe, losing in a fourth-round technical knockout in Cleveland, Ohio. <mask> claimed he had broken his arm in the bout. Four months later, after healing, on June 18 of that year <mask> defeated Wolfe in an eight-round points decision in his home of Memphis. On May 3, 1920, <mask> would defeat Wolfe again in an eighth round points decision at the Southern Athletic Club in Memphis.In his career, Wolfe would take a version of the Jr. Featherweight Championship in September 1922 against Joe Lynch, thought the NYSAC did not recognize the title. <mask> fought Frankie Burns in Boston to a draw on July 24, 1917, and in a loss by decision on August 2, 1918, in Jersey City, New Jersey. Burns was a top-ranked bantamweight and would contend four times for the World Bantamweight Championship between 1912 and 1917. First bouts with Joe Lynch 1917-8
On October 27, 1917, <mask> first met Joe Lynch, drawing with him in ten rounds at the Fairmont Athletic Club in the Bronx. On December 21, 1917, he lost to Lynch at Thornton, Rhode Island in a twelve-round points decision. On January 11, 1918, he legitimately defeated Lynch in a twelve-round points decision in Providence. Boxing and serving with the US Navy at Great Lakes Station around WWI
He honed his boxing skills while serving as a sailor in the United States Navy.He served as a boxing instructor while in the Navy. He was selected as a boxing representative and sent to England for a tournament of the Allied nations after the end of World War I. He served at the historic Great Lakes Naval Station outside Chicago, and completed his service shortly after 1919. Claiming the World Bantamweight Championship, Johnny Ertle, April 1918
<mask> fought Johnny Ertle claimant of the World Bantamweight championship in Baltimore on April 10, 1918, defeating Ertle by decision. The Indianapolis News wrote that <mask> had taken the decision with "great ease". <mask> claimed the World Bantamweight Championship as a result of this win, but was not universally recognized to have held the title and is not recognized today. <mask> had first defeated Ertle in a controversial eight-round decision on April 5, 1916, in Memphis.ISBA Allied Forces King's Trophy Bantamweight Competition

<mask> fought Jimmy Wilde on July 17, 1919, in London, while still in the Navy. The bout was part of the Finals for the ISBA King's Trophy Bantamweight Competition. <mask> won by decision and took the King's Bantamweight Trophy by some American accounts, but officially lost the decision according to the British referee and judges present at the bout. Wilde was the Welsh-born World Flyweight Champion impressively for seven years from 1916-1923, and held the title at the time of his bout with <mask>. Match with French champion Eugene Criqui, December 1919
On December 26, 1919, while still serving in the US Navy, <mask> defeated the great French boxer Eugene Criqui at the Royal Albert Hall in Kensington, London in a fourteenth-round technical knockout. According to the Scranton Republican, Criqui was "severely trounced" and the blow that ended the battle was a right hook to the stomach, which the referee did not call as a low blow. The audience contained a number of Americans, including <mask>'s fellow navy companions.Criqui would hold the French Featherweight Title in 1921, the European Featherweight Title in 1922, and the World Featherweight Title in 1923. On March 19, 1920, he defeated Johnny Buff in an eighth-round newspaper decision of the Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. Buff would take the World Bantamweight Championship on September 23, 1921. In another meeting, on December 15, 1921, <mask> defeated Buff in a ten-round newspaper decision of the Milwaukee Journal in Milwaukee. Bouts with 1920-21 World Bantamweight Champion Joe Lynch, most frequent opponent
Joe Lynch was <mask>'s most frequent opponent, meeting him ten times. Fortunately for Lynch, he never fought a title bout with <mask> based on points during Lynch's reign as bantamweight champion, but this was common during boxing's "no decision" era. On May 24, 1920, <mask> lost to Joe Lynch in the decision of The Jersey Journal in twelve rounds at Jersey City, New Jersey.The Journal wrote that <mask> slapped with his gloves, a tactic that sometimes lost him points in his fights, but that Lynch landed clean punches, giving him nine of the twelve rounds. Nonetheless, <mask> was observed as having put up a game fight, pressing the issue throughout the bout. Other sources considered the bout slightly closer. On October 26, 1920, <mask> drew with Lynch according to the newspapers in St. Louis. <mask>'s holding cost him the decision as he carried the fight to his opponent in nearly every round. On May 6, 1921, <mask> defeated Lynch in twelve by decision of the Courier Journal in Louisville, Kentucky. Other newspapers considered the bout too close to call, as in the twelfth round Lynch, reigning champion, tried hard to knockout <mask>, and effectively used his left jab throughout.Many spectators considered the bout the best between <mask> and Lynch. On September 4, 1922, the newspapers gave a twelve-round decision to Lynch in Indiana before a significant crowd of 8,000. In this instance, Lynch had a decisive victory, knocking <mask> to the canvas twice in the seventh round, for counts of six and four. Jack Dempsey fought an exhibition in the first match before the crowded house. On November 27, 1923, <mask> defeated Lynch by a ten-round newspaper decision in St. Louis, though the match was considered close and dull by most newspaper accounts. Lynch may have dealt a few blows which connected, but <mask>'s boxing and scientific defense did not seem as stellar as in his earlier career. On February 24, 1926, <mask> drew with Lynch in a ten-round points decision in Ft. Lauderdale, though a few newspapers gave <mask> the edge.On March 4, 1926, the Miami Daily News gave the decision to <mask> in Miami. Many in the crowd jeered the boxers. <mask> fought Johnny Gannon  who was the bantamweight champion of the U.S. Army on March 16, 1921, to a ten-round draw in Rockford, Illinois. <mask> fought Kid Pancho in Memphis, winning by decision. Bouts with champion Sammy Mandell, 1921-2

On August 26, 1921, <mask> first met Sammy Mandell in Aurora Illinois, losing in a ten-round newspaper decision of the Aurora Daily Star. The bout was the main event of the evening. The Logansport Pharos Tribune believed Mandell may have had the edge in the fairly close bout but noted that "<mask> displayed the greater cleverness and landed the most blows", but "Mandell's hitting was more effective".Mandell's strong display in the bout gained him notice a number of boxing reporters. He drew with Mandell in a newspaper decision in Memphis on July 4, 1922. In the fast bout, Mandell had a slight weight advantage and was considered the better puncher which forced <mask> to use his speed and science to outbox his opponent. The bout was described as exciting with "The men...on their toes and slugging from the beginning until the end of the bout." The referee present said if he had called the decision, he would have ruled for a draw. Mandell took the World Lightweight Championship on July 3, 1926, and held it for four years. Bouts with Bantamweight Champion Bud Taylor June 1922-January 1923
<mask> fought Bud Taylor, holder of the NBA World Bantamweight Championship 1927-8, in four career bouts.<mask> was diagnosed with pneumonia around February 9, 1922, and three weeks rest was recommended. <mask>'s first match with Taylor was a newspaper win by the Aurora Daily Star in Illinois in ten rounds on June 23, 1922. As was not unusual in this stage of <mask>'s career, he was described as having performed a shade better in his boxing technique, but Taylor was described as landing more solid blows, though the bout was close. The second, <mask> won by ten-round newspaper decision of the Chicago Tribune on the USS Commodore (IX-7) off Chicago on December 22, 1922. The third was a ten-round draw by newspaper decision in Indiana on January 15, 1923. Shortly after this bout, <mask> expressed his intention to go after the World Flyweight Championship and perhaps face Pancho Villa, but a World Flyweight Championship Match never materialized for <mask>. <mask> drew in their fourth meeting on February 13, 1923, in Indianapolis by  a ten-round newspaper decision of two Indianapolis papers.Once again, one source described Taylor as having connected with more blows in the close bout. The bout was described as a "whale of a battle from start to finish", with each boxer exchanging the lead, though Taylor was described as landing more blows by several newspapers. <mask> also fought Frankie Genaro on April 23, 1923, in Chicago but lost in a sixth-round DQ. The New York Times said the foul was an accidental upper cut to the groin. The foul seemed unintentional as one account wrote that Genaro had jumped six inches off the floor into the punch. According to the El Paso Herald, <mask>'s loss by foul was his first in eleven years of fighting. Genaro would take the NBA World Flyweight Championship on February 6, 1926, and hold it almost continuously until October 1931.On December 9, 1924, <mask> met the incomparable boxer Jimmy McLarnin before a packed house in Vernon, California, drawing in a four-round points decision. The "wild" bout was described as having abundant action and each boxer was given two rounds. <mask> was said to confuse his opponent with his "jumping jack" tactics, but had trouble landing solid blows. <mask> was known to prance and sometimes jump from the floor in his bouts. The Los Angeles Times wrote that <mask> introduced his own variation of the "kangaroo leap", and that he delivered frequent open gloved slaps to the back of McLarnin's neck, but was adept at keeping out of reach at long range in the close bout. McLarnin would hold multiple weight division world titles in his career. On July 12, 1927, <mask> lost to reigning World Flyweight Champion Fidel LaBarba before a crowd of 18,000, at Wrigley Field, in Chicago, Illinois in a ten-round points decision.A few newspapers said LaBarba had a clear victory, or that he landed cleaner, stiffer punches, against <mask> who threw punches from every angle. There were no knockdowns in the bout, nor obvious injuries. Retirement from boxing, death and honors
<mask> retired from boxing in 1930 after his last bout with Leroy Dougan in Memphis. He died on March 15, 1953, reportedly from a stomach ulcer and a severe asthmatic condition that may have forced him from his ring career. He received twelve decisions over champions in his weight class, but each match was a no-decision bout, and received only newspaper decisions, rather than a points decision for a title. <mask> defeated Kid Williams, Joe Lynch, Pete Herman, and Johhny Buff by newspaper decision, and each held the Bantamweight Championship in their career. In 2010, <mask> <mask> was selected to join the International Boxing Hall of Fame.Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise stated. Official record

All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted to the win/loss/draw column. Unofficial record

Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions to the win/loss/draw column. References

External links
 http://www.boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Human:12311
 http://www.boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=12311&cat=boxer
 http://www.boxingscene.com/?m=show&id=21812 Top 25 Bantamweights of All Time

1894 births
1953 deaths
Boxers from Tennessee
Sportspeople from Memphis, Tennessee
People from Kenton, Tennessee
American male boxers
Bantamweight boxers

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Thomas Wilson Moore
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<mask> (; born November 1, 1953) is a former American astronaut. A veteran of three space flights, <mask> logged over 673 hours in space. She is now retired from NASA. Early life
<mask> was born in Cocoa Beach, Florida, but considers Huntsville, Alabama, to be her hometown. The former spouse of astronaut Mark C. Lee, she is currently married to Judge Schuyler Richardson. Education
She graduated from Huntsville High School in 1971, received a Bachelor of Science degree in applied biology from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1975 and another in mechanical engineering from Auburn University in 1977. She received a Master of Science degree in 1983 and a doctorate in 1985, both in mechanical engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.Awards
She has been awarded the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal in 1998, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 1995 and 2002, and the NASA Space Flight Medal in 1992, 1994, and 1997, the NASA Fellowship for Full-Time Study in 1983, the ASME National Old Guard Prize in 1978, the ASME Ralph Coates Roe Medal in 2001. She has been inducted to the Alabama Aviation Hall of Fame, the Alabama Engineering Hall of Fame, and the Presidential Rank Award of Meritorious Executive. Engineering career
After graduating from Auburn University in 1977, <mask> joined Texaco in Bellaire, Texas, working as a petroleum engineer in tertiary oil recovery. She left there in 1979 to work for NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center as an aerospace engineer. In 1986, she was named as team leader in the Structural Analysis Division, and her team was responsible for the structural analysis and verification of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the HST maintenance mission, and the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility. In 1987, she was also assigned to be the lead engineer for the redesign of the solid rocket booster external tank attach ring. <mask> did her graduate research at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, studying the long-term strength of pressure vessels due to the viscoelastic characteristics of filament-wound composites.She holds one patent, has authored several technical papers, and is a Registered Professional Engineer. Astronaut career
<mask> became an astronaut in June 1987. Her first assignment was in the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch, where she provided technical support for Space Shuttle payloads. Following this, <mask> was a CAPCOM in Mission Control, responsible for communicating with Shuttle crews for seven missions. After her first space flight, <mask> served as the Astronaut Office representative for the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), with responsibility for RMS operations, training, and payloads. After her second space flight, she served as the Chairperson of the NASA Education Working Group and as Chief for the Payloads Branch, which provided Astronaut Office support for all Shuttle and International Space Station payloads. A veteran of three space flights, <mask> has logged over 673 hours in space.She flew as a mission specialist on STS-47 in 1992 and STS-60 in 1994, and was the payload commander on STS-85 in 1997. STS-47
STS-47, Spacelab-J, was the 50th Space Shuttle mission. Launched on September 12, 1992, this cooperative venture between the United States and Japan conducted 43 experiments in life sciences and materials processing. During the eight-day mission, she was responsible for operating Spacelab and its subsystems and performing a variety of experiments. <mask>'s then-husband Mark C. Lee was payload commander on STS-47. After completing 126 orbits of the Earth, STS-47  landed at Kennedy Space Center on September 20, 1992. STS-60
STS-60 was the second flight of Spacehab (Space Habitation Module) and the first flight of the Wake Shield Facility (WSF).Launched on February 3, 1994, this flight was the first Space Shuttle flight on which a Russian cosmonaut was a crew member. During the eight-day mission, her prime responsibility was to maneuver the WSF on the RMS, to conduct thin film crystal growth and she was also responsible for performing scientific experiments in the Spacehab. The STS-60  landed at Kennedy Space Center on February 11, 1994, after completing 130 orbits of the Earth. STS-85
<mask> was the payload commander for STS-85, which was launched on Discovery on August 7, 1997. During this 12-day mission, <mask> deployed and retrieved the CRISTA-SPAS payload, and operated the Japanese Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD) robotic arm. The mission also included several other scientific payloads for the conduct of research on astronomy, Earth sciences, life sciences, and materials science. The mission was accomplished in 189 Earth orbits, traveling 4.7 million miles.The STS-85 Discovery landed at Kennedy Space Center on August 19, 1997. Later NASA career
After her flight on STS-85, <mask> was assigned to NASA Headquarters as the Director of the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS), Independent Assurance Office for the Office of Safety and Mission Assurance. In that position, <mask> managed and directed independent assessments for the programs and projects assigned to the HEDS enterprise. In July 1999, she transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center as Director of the Flight Projects Directorate, which was responsible for the International Space Station (ISS) Payload Operations Center, ISS hardware and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Program. After the  accident, she was named head of Safety and Mission Assurance at Marshall, where she assured the safe return to flight of the Space Shuttle. <mask> retired from NASA in 2005 and worked for Jacobs Engineering Group as a Vice President and Deputy General Manager. She currently works for Bastion Technologies, Inc. as the Safety and Mission Assurance Support Contract Program Manager at the Marshall Space Flight Center.References

External links

1953 births
Living people
Women astronauts
Auburn University alumni
University of Alabama in Huntsville alumni
People from Cocoa Beach, Florida
People from Huntsville, Alabama
Georgia Tech alumni
American women engineers
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
NASA civilian astronauts
Space Shuttle program astronauts
21st-century American women

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Nancy Jan Davis
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<mask> (; ; born June 28, 1994) is a Dutch chess grandmaster. A chess prodigy, he completed the requirements for the title Grandmaster at the age of 14 years, 7 months and 2 days. FIDE awarded him the title in 2009. <mask> is a four-time Dutch champion (2009, 2011, 2012, and 2015) and won the Corus Chess B Group in 2010. He has represented the Netherlands at five Chess Olympiads (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018). He also won major international tournaments, including the 2012 Reggio Emilia tournament, 2017 Reykjavik Open and shared 1st place in the 2015 London Chess Classic and 2018 Wijk aan Zee. In 2019 he won clear first at the Third Edition of the Shenzhen Masters, deemed by some to be his first supertournament victory and supported by Dutch Chess Federation (KNSB).<mask> <mask> is the No. 1 ranked player in the Netherlands, having switched from Russia in 2009. In 2021 Wijk aan Zee, <mask> tied for first place with fellow Dutch GM Jorden van Foreest, but lost to him in the armageddon round after the two blitz games in the playoff ended in a draw. Early life
<mask> was born in Saint Petersburg on 28 June 1994 to a Russian mother, <mask>, and Nepali father, Sanjay <mask>. In 2002, he moved to Sapporo, Japan, with his parents and lived there until 2008. Since February 2008, <mask> and his family have lived in the Dutch town of Rijswijk, where his father worked at a research and consulting foundation. In June 2013, <mask> graduated from Grotius College high school in Delft.Chess career
<mask> began playing chess with his mother at the age of six. By the age of 11, he was rated above 2100 and continued to grow stronger. <mask>'s first club was a local youth sport club 'DYUSH-2' in Saint Petersburg. His trainers in this club were Asya Kovalyova and Andrei Praslov. He was a member of the Japan Chess Association and the Sapporo Chess Club during his stay in Japan. In 2004, he won the Sapporo Chess Championship. <mask> developed quickly as a junior, his rating increasing rapidly between April 2006 and July 2010 from 2114 to 2672.<mask> worked with trainer Vladimir Chuchelov between 2009–2012 and resumed the collaboration in 2017. <mask> also worked with Vladimir Tukmakov between 2013 and 2016. 2007–2008
<mask> shared first place in the Russian Higher League Under-14s Boys Championship scoring 6½/9, winning the Saint Petersburg Boys Under 16s and coming third in the Under 18s event in 2007. The next year saw him share first at the Blokadny Saint Petersburg Open and win the Petrograd Winter Open scoring 8½/9. He followed with his first Grandmaster norm, achieved at the Intomart GfK Open sharing first with 7/9 in April 2008, sharing second at Kunsthalle GM Open and reaching his second Grandmaster norm at Groningen by sharing fourth place with 6½/9. 2009
<mask>'s first appearance at a major tournament came in his shared second place at Corus Chess Group C in January 2009 giving him his third GM norm, his Grandmaster status being confirmed in June. He also shared second at the Dutch Open, won the Dutch Championship and shared second at the Unive tournament.2010
His performance in the previous year's Corus Chess Group C earned him a spot in Group B in 2010. He won the tournament with a score of 9/13, half a point ahead of Arkadij Naiditsch. Despite a disappointing result in the European Individual Championships, he drew a match with Nigel Short and won the Sigeman & Co tournament scoring 4½/5, coming second in the Dutch Championships behind Erwin L'Ami and was one of the best scorers for the Rising Stars team during the NH tournament against the Experienced team, but was unable to qualify for the Melody Amber tournament, losing on tiebreaks against Hikaru Nakamura. It was revealed in May 2010 that <mask> had aided Viswanathan Anand in preparation for the World Chess Championship 2010 against challenger Veselin Topalov. Anand won the match 6½–5½ to retain the title. 2011
At his debut appearance at Tata Steel in 2011 he scored 6½/13 (+2–2=9) and defeated Magnus Carlsen with Black in 22 moves. He also became Dutch champion for the second time and shared first place at Sigeman & Co with Wesley So and Hans Tikkanen.2012–2013
Despite being the lowest ranked player, <mask> won the 2012 Reggio Emilia chess tournament, claimed his third Dutch championship and shared third place at the strong Biel Chess Festival. His solid improvement continued with fourth place at the Reykjavik Open and a match victory against Vassily Ivanchuk at Leon in 2013. <mask> took part in the 2012/13 FIDE Grand Prix cycle, but failed to qualify for the Candidates Tournament. 2014–2015
In 2014 <mask> shared second place at the Tata Steel tournament, won individual bronze for his first board performance at the 41st Chess Olympiad in Tromso and finished second at the strong Qatar Masters Open. In February 2015, <mask> briefly crossed the 2800 mark in the live FIDE ratings by beating Peter Svidler at the FIDE Grand Prix in Tbilisi, but did not maintain the ranking level until the end of the month to appear in the official ratings. <mask> participated in the 2014/15 FIDE Grand Prix cycle, but again failed to qualify for the Candidates Tournament. 2016
In March 2016, <mask> participated in the Candidates Tournament 2016 in Moscow after qualifying (for the first time) as one of the two players with the highest average ratings for 2015.At the tournament, he drew all 14 games. He went to the tournament with his wife Sopiko Guramishvili and his coach Vladimir Tukmakov. As of 2016, <mask> has been sponsored by the proprietary trading firm Optiver. 2017
<mask> finished sixth in Norway Chess with a score of 4.5/9, scoring wins against Maxime-Vachier Lagrave and Anand but lost a "crash and burn" game in 17 moves versus Vladimir Kramnik. In April 2017, <mask> won the Reykjavik Open with a score of 8½/10 (+7–0=3). He placed fourth in Your Next Move (Rapid and Blitz), Leuven, winning €15,000, his only appearance on the Grand Chess Tour of that year. In the FIDE Grand Prix, he placed ninth in Moscow, fifth in Geneva and thirteenth in La Palma, ending up twelfth overall.He reached the fourth round Section 3 of the Chess World Cup, losing to Vassily Ivanchuk in a tie-break. He won the European Club Cup as part of team Globus, alongside, among others, Kramnik, Alexander Grischuk and Sergey Karjakin. 2018
<mask> started off 2018 by placing joint-first with Carlsen on a score of 9/13 (+5–0=8) at the 80th Tata Steel Masters. He was defeated in the blitz tie-break by Carlsen 1½–½. In April 2018, he participated in the fifth edition of Shamkir Chess, finishing sixth with a score of 4½/9 (+1–1=7). In July 2018, he competed in the 46th Dortmund Sparkassen Chess Meeting, placing second with a score of 4/7 (+2–1=4). In November 2018, he shared first in the 2nd Dute Cup in Shenzhen, together with Vachier-Lagrave and Ding Liren and took second place on tie-break.2019
<mask> competed in the 81st Tata Steel Masters in January 2019, placing clear second with 8½/13 (+5−1=7), losing to Ian Nepomniachtchi in the first round. In March 2019, <mask> won the 3rd edition of the Shenzhen Masters (Dute Cup), placing clear first with 6½/10 (+3−0=7). In May, <mask> participated in the Moscow FIDE Grand Prix tournament, which is part of the qualification cycle for the 2020 World Chess Championship. The tournament was a 16-player event, and he was eliminated from the tournament after an upset loss to the lowest ranked player, GM Daniil Dubov in the first round. In December, 2019, <mask> qualified for the Candidates Tournament 2020 as a player with the highest FIDE rating for the 12 months period
(January — December, 2019). In the rating list, <mask> led Vachier-Lagrave by an average of 6 points. 2020–2021
<mask> played in the Candidates Tournament 2020 which was suspended at the halfway point due to the COVID-19 pandemic.At the time he was on shared third place, with 3½/7, one point behind the two leaders. His second during the event was Erwin l'Ami. At the continuation of the Candidates Tournament in April 2021, he finished shared on third place with 7.5/14, together with Fabiano Caruana. From 12 to 14 June 2020, <mask> participated in the MrDodgy Invitational. He managed to win first place in this event, beating GM David Navara 7-2 in the finals. At the 83rd Tata Steel Masters held in January, <mask> shared first place with Jorden van Foreest on a score of 8½/13 (+4-0=9). The tie-break involved two blitz games, followed by an armageddon game if scores were level after blitz.They drew both blitz tie-breaks and <mask> lost the armageddon game when he ran out of time, despite van Foreest blundering a pawn and then a bishop in the frantic time scramble. <mask> finished as the runner-up of the tournament. <mask> won the 2021 Magnus Carlsen Invitational, a non-FIDE-rated online tournament, after defeating Ian Nepomniachtchi in the finals in tie-breaks. From 12 to 16 May 2021, <mask> participated in the second edition of the MrDodgy Invitational, a blitz tournament. The top-seeded <mask> defeated Baadur Jobava in the finals to clinch first place for the second time in a row. At the Chess World Cup 2021, the 4th seeded <mask> was defeated in an upset by 68th seed Nodirbek Abdusattorov. In September 2021, <mask> <mask> won the Tolstoy Cup tournament organized by the State Leo Tolstoy Museum-Estate 'Yasnaya Polyana' and the Chess Federation of Russia.Team chess

Chess Olympiads
<mask> has represented the Netherlands at five Chess Olympiads earning three individual bronze medals and scoring a total of 28,5 points from 40 games(+19-2=19). Other team results

<mask> has also competed in a World Team Championship, two European Team Championships and a World Cities Championship, earning a team gold medal in the World Cities Championship:

<mask> has played for numerous clubs in team tournaments including SK Turm Emsdetten since 2008 in the Chess Bundesliga, HSG (Hilversum Chess Society), the Delftsche SchaakClub (Delft Chess Club), HMC Calder and En Passant. He used to play in Spanish league for chess club Sestao Naturgas Energia. He used to play in the French league (TOP-16) for l'Echiquier Châlonnais and Russian league for SHSM-64 (Moscow). He has participated and won the prestigious European Club Cup with Azeri SOCAR and Russian Siberia. Playing style
<mask>'s playstyle has been described as "solid and conservative" in chess terms. This makes him very difficult to defeat, but also leads to him often losing the chance to convert an advantage into a victory.Nonetheless his peers acknowledge his strengths as a player, with Grandmaster Arkadij Naiditsch opining that beating world champion Magnus Carlsen is easier than beating <mask>. Notable games
<mask> vs Magnus Carlsen, TATA Steel (2011). Neo-Grünfeld defense: Exchange Variation. <mask> wins in 22 moves and was quoted later as saying "Carlsen will probably not lose like this again in the next ten years". <mask> vs Ding Liren, Xinqiao Cup (2017). Giuoco Piano. <mask> sacrifices a rook in a decisive kingside attack.<mask> vs Ding Liren, Candidates, Yekaterinburg Russia (2021). Ruy Lopez. <mask> sacrifices a bishop to win in a deferred-exchange variation Ruy Lopez. <mask> moved into second place in the tournament after the win, a half-point behind Nepomniachtchi. <mask> eventually dropped to third place in the tournament. Personal life
<mask> is fluent in Russian, English, and Dutch and moderately proficient in Japanese, Nepali and German. He is married to fellow chess player and international master Sopiko Guramishvili; the couple was married on 18 July 2015.They have two sons. He annotated a number of top games for the popular chess site ChessBase, and has written several articles, including analyses of his own games for chess magazines, such as New in Chess, 64 (chess magazine), and Schach Magazin 64. He used to be a columnist for the magazine ChessVibes Training. <mask> has created two Chessable courses, featuring the Sicilian Najdorf and French Defence openings, which has led to some banter among other GMs. In 2014, <mask> published his first book, My Junior Years In 20 Games. <mask> also has a YouTube channel, which has over 163,000 subscribers as of January 2022. References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Russian chess players
Dutch chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
Dutch people of Russian descent
Dutch people of Nepalese descent
Naturalised citizens of the Netherlands
People from Saint Petersburg
Russian emigrants to the Netherlands
Russian people of Nepalese descent

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<mask> (Bulgarian: Стилиян Альошев Петров, born 5 July 1979) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. <mask> joined Celtic from CSKA Sofia in 1999, and won ten trophies in his time at Celtic Park, including four Scottish Premier League titles. In 2006, he moved to Aston Villa in the Premier League, along with his former manager Martin O'Neill. <mask> became club captain at Villa Park, and was an inductee to the Aston Villa Hall of Fame in 2013 having made 219 competitive appearances for the club. In addition he is Bulgaria's all-time most-capped player with 105 appearances for the side. In March 2012, <mask> was diagnosed with acute leukaemia, suspending his football career to undergo treatment which was ultimately successful. He announced his retirement from the game in May 2013.Following spells as both a youth team and first team coach at Aston Villa in 2013 and 2015, <mask> returned to training in 2016, initially with the under-21 side, and later the seniors. He played during pre-season matches but was not offered a playing contract by manager Roberto Di Matteo. Club career

Early career
Born in Montana, <mask> started to play football in the local team FC Montana. At the age of 18 he was spotted by scout and coach Dimitar Penev and signed with CSKA Sofia for fee of €30,000. With his new club, he won the Bulgarian Championship in 1997 and the national cup in 1997 and 1999. Celtic
Petrov was signed in the summer of 1999 by John Barnes for a fee of £2.8 million. The teenager featured prominently in a season where he won the League Cup with Celtic, his second major honour and the first of many with Celtic.Despite the happy end to the season <mask> had a very hard time starting with the club. He was homesick and lonely at the start, and could not speak English. This was made worse by the manager playing him out of position at right back. Eventually, he improved his English by working in a friend's burger van. This hard work and determination to fit in showed in his performances for the club. After a good first season with Celtic he enjoyed a brilliant second season under Martin O'Neill's treble winning side, becoming a regular scorer netting 7 league goals in 28 appearances, one of which was in Celtic's 6–2 victory over Rangers. He also became the first foreign player to win the SPFA Young Player of the Year award.However he missed the end of the season after breaking his leg in a league game against St Johnstone and missed both the Scottish League Cup and Scottish Cup finals as a result. The following season, 2001–02, <mask> made his return from injury against Dunfermline Athletic in September, and then really came into form for Celtic, being described as a dynamic, hardworking box-to-box midfielder, and winning his second SPL medal. In his fourth season with Celtic, <mask> continued his good form and was being linked to some of the top clubs in Europe but after protracted contract talks he eventually agreed a new deal with Celtic. This was his highest ever goalscoring season, netting 14 in 50 appearances. He also got to the only European final of his career, getting a runner's up medal in the Uefa Cup. In his next two seasons for Celtic he continued to be an essential player making 105 appearances and scoring 19 goals. He won the Scottish Cup twice in this time (scoring in the 2004 final) along with his third SPL medal.The 2004–05 season was Martin O'Neill's last at Celtic, although <mask> <mask> would later join him at Aston Villa. The 04/05 season also saw <mask> becoming the third player to win the Celtic Player of The Year award. The 2005–06 season was a time of great change for Celtic. Martin O'Neill, the club's most successful manager in 20 years, left and new manager Gordon Strachan came in. Things started badly for Celtic as they lost 5–0 to Slovakian minnows Artmedia Bratislava in Strachan's first match. Celtic then managed to throw away a 3–1 lead over Motherwell to draw Strachan's first league match 4–4, although <mask> later helped Celtic exact revenge over the Fir Park side by scoring his first hat-trick in a 5–0 demolition in October that year. Celtic overcame their bad start to the campaign to win the SPL and League Cup double.The 2005–06 season proved to be his last at Celtic as he re-united with former manager Martin O'Neill at Aston Villa for a fee of £6.5 million rising to £8 million after clauses. This was after a long transfer saga in which <mask> <mask> was linked to almost every mid-table side in England. He only made 3 appearances for Celtic before leaving in the summer transfer window. In all, <mask> made 312 appearances for Celtic over seven years, scoring 55 goals. He won the SPL four times and also won both the Scottish and Scottish League Cup 3 times each. He was the tenth most prolific goalscorer in the SPL (55 goals) when he left Celtic. Aston Villa

In April 2006, Celtic rejected a written transfer request submitted by <mask>.He was subsequently linked with a transfer to move to Aston Villa who were managed by former Celtic boss Martin O'Neill. On 30 August 2006, <mask> completed his move to Villa Park on a four-year deal worth £6.5 million, becoming O'Neill's first signing for Villa. His debut was against West Ham United on 10 September. The game finished 1–1. In 2007, <mask> changed his shirt number from 11 to 19. <mask> scored his first Villa goal in a 2–2 draw against Sheffield United on 11 December 2006, but suffered patchy form throughout his first two seasons at the club. He scored a volley from near the halfway line against already relegated Derby County on 12 April 2008.This was his first goal of the season and Villa won 6–0. This goal was marked as a possible candidate for "goal of the season". It was also confirmed to be the furthest out recorded goal by an Aston Villa player since the club was formed. The 2008–09 season saw <mask>'s form improved considerably as he became a first team regular, starting Villa's six Premier League games in a row. He was named captain for the first time in the UEFA Cup game against the Bulgarian Litex Lovech on 2 October 2008 and also scored one of the goals in the game. In May 2009, <mask> was named both Aston Villa's supporters' "Player of the Year" and "Players' Player of the Year" for the 2008–09 season, after his notable consistency in midfield throughout the season. On 20 May 2009 he signed a new four-year deal that is set to keep him at the club until 2013.Following the retirement of captain Martin Laursen, <mask> stated that leading a "great club with a long tradition and history" would be "a great honour". <mask> became Villa captain in the summer of 2009 and led the team to sixth place in the Premier league, the semi-finals of the FA Cup and the final of the League Cup in his first season holding the armband. <mask> continued to retain the Villa captaincy after the appointment of Gérard Houllier as manager of the club. On 23 October 2010, he sustained a knee injury in the 1–0 away loss against Sunderland at the Stadium of Light. On 26 December 2010, <mask> returned to first team action, coming on as a second-half substitute for Jonathan Hogg in the 2–1 defeat against Tottenham Hotspur at Villa Park. On 26 February 2011, <mask> made his 150th premier league appearance for Aston Villa at Villa Park, when he came on as a second-half substitute in the 76th minute for Robert Pires in the 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers. On 10 September 2011, <mask> scored his first goal of the season away at Everton.On 29 October 2011, <mask> made his 200th appearance for Aston Villa in the Premier League clash with Sunderland, and scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw. Career break due to leukaemia
<mask> announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013, due to his leukaemia. On 26 May 2013, footballers who had represented the Bulgaria national side (including Hristo Stoichkov, Dimitar Berbatov and Nasko Sirakov) won 4–2 against a selection that featured Aston Villa veterans like Mark Kinsella and Bryan Small in an exhibition game that took place at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia and had been organised to honour <mask>'s achievements. In October 2014, <mask> began playing again for his local Sunday League Over-35s side Wychall Wanderers who were managed by former Coventry City player David Busst. In March 2015, he rejoined Aston Villa in a coaching role. In April 2016 <mask> revealed he was training with Villa's Under-21 side with a view to returning to the professional game. In June it was announced that he would be training with the first team during their pre-season tour of Austria, on a non-contractual basis.On 9 July 2016 <mask> played his first game with the Aston Villa first team since his illness, taking part in an 8–0 friendly victory over local Austrian team GAK. International career

Stilyan <mask> made his debut as a 52nd minute substitute for Bulgaria on 24 December 1998 in a friendly match against Morocco. The match was played in Agadir, Morocco and finished with a 4–1 win for the North Africans. He scored his first goal (80th minute) for the national side in another friendly match against Belarus (4–1) on 29 March 2000. In 2003, he won the Bulgarian Footballer of the Year award, when he was playing for Celtic and he captained the national team at Euro 2004 where he was sent off during a match against Denmark. On 12 October 2006 <mask>, then captain of Bulgaria, announced his decision to retire from international football at the age of 27 as long as Hristo Stoichkov manages the Bulgaria national team. However, on 20 March 2007 he made amends with Hristo Stoichkov and made himself available for selection again.However, he did not recover his position as national captain because it was decided that Dimitar Berbatov would retain the captain's armband. On 14 January 2010, it was announced that <mask> had come second in Bulgaria's Player of the Year. <mask> was renamed captain of the Bulgarian side again following the retirement of Berbatov from international football in 2010. On 26 March 2011, <mask> earned his 100th cap for Bulgaria in the 0–0 home draw with Switzerland in a Euro 2012 qualifier. He received a flower bouquet from Borislav Mikhailov and was applauded by the spectators prior to the start of the match. During his career <mask> was chosen as Bulgarian Footballer of the Year in 2003. He placed second in 2000, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2011, and third in 2002 and 2006.Personal life
In 2005, <mask> wrote his autobiography with the assistance of Sunday Mail sports journalist Mark Guidi entitled You Can Call Me Stan, in reference to his nickname "Stan", a shortened form of his given name. In the book, he describes how "Stiliyan" is the correct spelling, rather than "Stilian", as it is sometimes spelled in the press. <mask> is married to his wife Paulina and they have 2 sons, Kristiyan and <mask> Jr.

Leukaemia
On 30 March 2012, <mask> was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The condition was diagnosed following tests after <mask> developed a fever following Aston Villa's 3–0 defeat to Arsenal. Because of this, <mask> told Bulgarian press that he planned to retire from club and international football; his agent later denied any reports of retirement: "It is not true that Stiliyan has said he is retiring from football. What he did say was that he was fighting for his life and that he will fight to recover." He visited Villa Park for the match against Chelsea and in the 19th minute, the number of his shirt, the crowd gave him an ovation.The tribute caught the imagination of fans, and home and away fans repeated the ovation at every Villa game that season. On 10 June 2012, Aston Villa manager Paul Lambert announced that <mask> would remain Aston Villa's club captain for the 2012–13 season. In his absence the team captaincy was taken over by Dutch defender Ron Vlaar. On his 33rd birthday, <mask> visited his teammates on the first day of their pre season training, and was presented with a cake by the players, who sang happy birthday to him and gave him a round of applause. On 2 August 2012, it was announced that <mask>'s leukaemia was in remission. <mask> announced his retirement from football on 9 May 2013, and led his family out on the Villa Park pitch for a lap of honour, to applaud the Villa fans who supported him during his illness, on the final day of the 2012–13 season. Coaching
On 22 May 2013, shortly after announcing his retirement from playing, Aston Villa announced that <mask> would take on a new role at the club as assistant of the Youth Development squad, working alongside Gordon Cowans.Talking about his new role <mask> said ″I'm very excited by this new challenge and I wish to thank the Club and the manager, Paul Lambert, for giving me the opportunity to continue my association with Villa, which I have always regarded as a privilege. I will study for my coaching badges over the coming months and I am looking forward very much to working with Gordon Cowans, someone I know and respect, a true Villa legend.″

As of August 2013, <mask> was no longer part of the Villa coaching team. The Club announced his resignation and explained that he had requested time off as he felt he had to be fully devoted to his family. <mask> expressed gratitude to the club for the opportunity. On 5 March 2015, Aston Villa Manager Tim Sherwood announced that <mask> would return to the Aston Villa backroom team and will help coach the First Team. <mask> has completed his UEFA pro coaching licence, as well as a master's degree in Sports Management through UEFA, as of 2020. He is currently the director of a business venture, Player 4 Player, to support players to transition into retirement, alongside other former players including Gareth Farrelly, Emile Heskey and Gaizka Mendieta.Television
On 11 December 2014, <mask> appeared as a special guest on the eighth episode of the ninth series of Russell Howard's Good News. Career statistics

Club

International goals
Scores and results list Bulgaria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Petrov goal. Honours
CSKA Sofia
Bulgarian Championship: 1996–97
Bulgarian Cup: 1996–97, 1998–99

Celtic
Scottish Premier League: 2000–01, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2005–06
Scottish Cup: 2000–01, 2003–04, 2004–05
Scottish League Cup: 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2005–06
UEFA Cup runner-up: 2002–03

Wychall Wanderers
Central Warwickshire Over-35s Premier Division One Cup

Individual
SPFA Young Player of the Year: 2000–01
Celtic Player of The Year: 2004–05
Aston Villa Players' Player of the Year: 2008–09, 2011–12
Aston Villa Supporters' Player of the Year: 2008–09
Inductee in Aston Villa Hall of Fame: 2013
Bulgaria's Player of the year: 2002–03

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

External links

Aston Villa Official Website Profile
FootballDatabase provides Stilian <mask>'s profile and stats

1979 births
Living people
People from Montana, Bulgaria
Association football midfielders
Bulgarian footballers
Bulgaria international footballers
Bulgarian expatriate footballers
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Expatriate footballers in England
FC Montana players
PFC CSKA Sofia players
Celtic F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. non-playing staff
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Scottish Premier League players
Premier League players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
FIFA Century Club

masks:
Stiliyan Alyoshev Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Stiliyan
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Stiliyan
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Stiliyan
Stiliyan
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov


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<mask> (Flemyng, c. 1552–1607) was an English clergyman. He was a prolific writer and translator, who contributed to others' texts. He was also an editor and poet. Life
Most likely to have been born in Holborn, London, between 1548 and 1552, <mask> matriculated at Peterhouse, Cambridge as a sizar (a poor student performing duties in return for his tuition) in November 1570, and graduated with a B.A. in 1582. It is likely that <mask> interspersed his studies at Cambridge with extended visits in London to write and translate popular texts on a range of themes, some of which remain in print today. He began his career in spectacular style, becoming the first person to translate a complete Virgilian text (the "Bucoliks" or Eclogues) into English in 1575.He followed this the same year with another complete translation of "Bucoliks", this time in verse. Later in his career <mask> was called upon by other authors to write recommendations for their books and worked alongside notable authors such as George Whetston, Barnabe Googe and Reginald Scot; many of Elizabethan London's leading printers called on <mask> to edit or embellish pre-production texts and he established a network of contacts. He is best known for his once disputed but now acknowledged role as chief editor of and major contributor to the second edition of Holinshed's Chronicles (1587). Throughout his life <mask> was a godly Protestant. He took holy orders in August 1588 and was ordained deacon and priest by Dr Richard Fletcher at Peterborough Cathedral. Almost as soon as he was ordained <mask> became chaplain to Charles Howard, Lord High Admiral of England, and not chaplain to Catherine Countess of Nottingham as previously thought, although among his papers were prayers said to the Howard family when they were together; in the 1590s <mask> was called as a witness in a court case and stated his occupation as chaplain to Lord Howard. Another error in previous articles about <mask> was that he was an antiquary; he was never a member of the Society of Antiquaries and while he did amass a collection of manuscripts, his motivation for collecting them was not consistent with those of an antiquary.As well as performing the duties of a private chaplain, <mask> was a curate at St Nicholas's Church, Deptford assisting Reverend Thomas Macander (who buried Christopher Marlowe on 1 June 1593, and possibly <mask> assisted with this burial). Between 1589 and 1606 he preached eight times at St Paul's Cross, further evidence that he was a trusted "establishment man"; the sermons are now lost. On 19 October 1593 he was collated by Archbishop John Whitgift to the rectory of St Pancras, Soper Lane, London. He took his work as a rector as seriously as he did his writing; <mask> saw his parish through at least two plagues. <mask> died at Bottesford, Leicestershire, on 18 September 1607, while on a visit to his brother Samuel, the rector of that parish, and was buried under the chancel inside the church. Despite <mask>'s humble origins, his coffin was interred with those of the earls of Rutland. A memorial plaque bearing an epitaph poem written by <mask> marks the approximate site.He was survived by his brother Reverend Samuel <mask> and his sister Hester. Perhaps <mask>'s greatest legacy is the fifty known books that he wrote, translated or contributed to. Selected works

Most of his manuscript collections were in 1732 in the possession of Francis Peck, who intended to print them in the second volume of his Desiderata Curiosa. They cannot now be traced. Fifty-nine titles are listed in Cooper's 'Athenae Cantabrigienses', including:

' 1589. ',' London, 1575. ',' London, 1576; a translation from the Latin.',' from the Greek of Aelianus, London, 1576. ',' from the Latin of John Caius, London, 1576. ',' London, 1577; reprinted, London, 1826. ',' from the Latin of Frederick Nause, bishop of Vienna, London, 1577. ',' written by Musaeus. Translation, published about 1577. 'Jerom of Ferrara his meditations, on the 51 & 31 Psalms; translated and augmented,' London, n. d., and 1588.Licensed in 1578. ', ' London, 1579. The tale of Hermetes is, with a few verbal changes, that which George Gascoigne presented to Queen Elizabeth. ',' translated, London, 1580. The translator has added a history of earthquakes in England from the time of William the Conqueror to the last earthquake on 6 April 1580. ',' London, 1580. ',' London, 1581, reprinted in 'The Diamond of Deuotion,' 1586.',' newly Englished, London, 1582. 'Verborvm Latinorvm cvm Graecis Anglicisqve conivnctorvm locupletissimi Commentary,' London, 1583. Poetical translations for Reginald Scot's 'Discoverie of Witchcraft,' 1584. 'A Shorte Dictionarie in Latine and English,' London, 1586 and 1594. 'The Diamond of Deuotion; cut and squared into sixe severall pointes: namelie (1) The Footpath of Felicitie; (2) A Guide to Godlines; (3) The Schoole of Skill; (4) A Swarme of Bees; (5) A Plant of Pleasure; (6) A Grove of Graces. Full of manie fruitfull lessons auailable vnto the leading of a godlie and reformed life,' London, 1586. '.'In the first volume of Holinshed's 'Chronicles,' 1587. The third volume of the same edition was enlarged by <mask> with interpolations from the collections of Francis Thynne, the abridgment of R. Grafton, and the summary of John Stow. ',' London, 1589, dedicated to Archbishop John Whitgift. This version of the 'Bucolics' is not the same as that published by <mask> in 1575. Historical and miscellaneous articles in manuscript enumerated in Peck's Desiderata Curiosa. Notes

References

Painting-Stubbs, Clare, "<mask>: writer, cleric and preacher in Jacobethan London", (2010, unpublished). Painting-Stubbs, Clare, "<mask>" entry in the "Blackwell Encyclopedia of Renaissance Literature".External links

1552 births
1607 deaths
16th-century English Anglican priests
17th-century English poets
17th-century English male writers
English antiquarians
Latin–English translators
16th-century English translators
People from Holborn
16th-century English poets
17th-century translators
English male poets
English male non-fiction writers

masks:
Abraham Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
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Abraham Fleming
Abraham Fleming


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<mask>. (; born <mask>; October 15, 1917 – February 28, 2007) was an American historian, social critic, and public intellectual. The son of the influential historian <mask><mask>. and a specialist in American history, much of Schlesinger's work explored the history of 20th-century American liberalism. In particular, his work focused on leaders such as Harry S. Truman, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Robert F. Kennedy. In the 1952 and 1956 presidential campaigns, he was a primary speechwriter and adviser to the Democratic presidential nominee, Adlai Stevenson II. Schlesinger served as special assistant and "court historian" to President Kennedy from 1961 to 1963. He wrote a detailed account of the Kennedy administration, from the 1960 presidential campaign to the president's state funeral, titled A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House, which won the 1966 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. In 1968, Schlesinger actively supported the presidential campaign of Senator Robert F. Kennedy, which ended with Kennedy's assassination in Los Angeles.<mask> wrote a popular biography, Robert Kennedy and His Times, several years later. He later popularized the term "imperial presidency" during the Nixon administration in his 1973 book of the same name. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of Elizabeth Harriet (née Bancroft) and <mask><mask> (1888–1965), who was an influential social historian at Ohio State University and Harvard University, where he directed many PhD dissertations in American history. His paternal grandfather was a Prussian Jew who converted to Protestantism and then married an Austrian Catholic. His mother, a Mayflower descendant, was of German and New England ancestry, as well as a relative of historian George Bancroft, according to family tradition. His family practiced Unitarianism. Schlesinger attended the Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, and received his first degree at the age of 20 from Harvard College, where he graduated summa cum laude in 1938.After spending the 1938–1939 academic year at Peterhouse, Cambridge as a Henry Fellow, he was appointed to a three-year Junior Fellowship in the Harvard Society of Fellows in the fall of 1939. At the time, Fellows were not allowed to pursue advanced degrees, "a requirement intended to keep them off the standard academic treadmill"; as such, Schlesinger would never earn a doctorate. His fellowship was interrupted by the United States entering World War II. After failing his military medical examination, Schlesinger joined the Office of War Information. From 1943 to 1945, he served as an intelligence analyst in the Office of Strategic Services, a precursor to the CIA. <mask>'s service in the OSS allowed him time to complete his first Pulitzer Prize–winning book, The Age of Jackson, in 1945. From 1946 to 1954, he was an associate professor at Harvard, becoming a full professor in 1954.Political activities before 1960
In 1947, Schlesinger, together with former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, Minneapolis mayor and future Senator and Vice President Hubert Humphrey, economist and longtime friend John Kenneth Galbraith, and Protestant theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, founded Americans for Democratic Action. Schlesinger acted as the ADA's national chairman from 1953 to 1954. After President Harry S. Truman announced he would not run for a second full term in the 1952 presidential election, Schlesinger became the primary speechwriter for and an ardent supporter of Governor Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois. In the 1956 election, Schlesinger, along with 30-year-old Robert F. Kennedy, again worked on Stevenson's campaign staff. Schlesinger supported the nomination of Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy as Stevenson's vice-presidential running mate, but at the Democratic convention, Kennedy came second in the vice-presidential balloting, losing to Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee. Schlesinger had known John F. Kennedy since attending Harvard and increasingly socialized with Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline in the 1950s. In 1954, The Boston Post publisher John Fox Jr. planned a series of newspaper pieces labeling several Harvard figures, including Schlesinger, as "reds"; Kennedy intervened on Schlesinger's behalf, which Schlesinger recounted in A Thousand Days.During the 1960 campaign, <mask> supported Kennedy, causing much consternation to Stevenson loyalists. At the time, however, Kennedy was an active candidate while Stevenson refused to run unless he was drafted at the convention. After Kennedy won the nomination, Schlesinger helped the campaign as a (sometime) speechwriter, speaker, and member of the ADA. He also wrote the book Kennedy or Nixon: Does It Make Any Difference? in which he lauded Kennedy's abilities and scorned Vice President Richard M. Nixon as having "no ideas, only methods.... He cares about winning." Kennedy administration
After the election, the president-elect offered Schlesinger an ambassadorship and Assistant Secretary of State for Cultural Relations before Robert Kennedy proposed that Schlesinger serve as a "sort of roving reporter and troubleshooter."Schlesinger quickly accepted, and on January 30, 1961, he resigned from Harvard and was appointed Special Assistant to the President. He worked primarily on Latin American affairs and as a speechwriter during his tenure in the White House. In February 1961, Schlesinger was first told of the "Cuba operation," which would eventually become the Bay of Pigs Invasion. He opposed the plan in a memorandum to the president: "at one stroke you would dissipate all the extraordinary good will which has been rising toward the new Administration through the world. It would fix a malevolent image of the new Administration in the minds of millions." He, however, suggested,

During the Cabinet deliberations, he "shrank into a chair at the far end of the table and listened in silence" as the Joint Chiefs and CIA representatives lobbied the president for an invasion. Along with his friend, Senator William Fulbright, Schlesinger sent several memos to the president opposing the strike; however, during the meetings, he held back his opinion, reluctant to undermine the President's desire for a unanimous decision.Following the overt failure of the invasion, <mask> later lamented, "In the months after the Bay of Pigs, I bitterly reproached myself for having kept so silent during those crucial discussions in the cabinet room. ... I can only explain my failure to do more than raise a few timid questions by reporting that one's impulse to blow the whistle on this nonsense was simply undone by the circumstances of the discussion." After the furor died down, Kennedy joked that Schlesinger "wrote me a memorandum that will look pretty good when he gets around to writing his book on my administration. Only he better not publish that memorandum while I'm still alive!" During the Cuban Missile Crisis, <mask> was not a member of the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM) but helped UN Ambassador Adlai Stevenson draft his presentation of the crisis to the UN Security Council. In October 1962, <mask> became afraid of "a tremendous advantage", which "all-out Soviet commitment to cybernetics" would provide the Soviets.<mask> further warned that "by 1970 the USSR may have a radically new production technology, involving total enterprises or complexes of industries, managed by closed-loop, feedback control employing self-teaching computers". The cause was a pre-vision of an algorithmic governance of economy by an internet-like computer network authored by Soviet scientists, particularly Alexander Kharkevich. After President Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, <mask> resigned his position in January 1964. He wrote a memoir/history of the Kennedy administration, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House, which won him his second Pulitzer Prize in 1965. Later career

<mask> returned to teaching in 1966 as the Albert Schweitzer Professor of the Humanities at the CUNY Graduate Center. After his retirement from teaching in 1994, he remained an active member of the Graduate Center community as an emeritus professor until his death. Later politics
After his service for the Kennedy administration, he continued to be a Kennedy loyalist for the rest of his life, campaigning for Robert Kennedy's tragic presidential campaign in 1968 and for Senator Edward M. Kennedy in 1980.Upon the request of Robert Kennedy's widow, Ethel Kennedy, he wrote the biography Robert Kennedy and His Times, which was published in 1978. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, he greatly criticized Richard Nixon as both a candidate and president. His prominent status as a liberal Democrat and outspoken disdain of Nixon led to his placement on the master list of Nixon's political opponents. Ironically, Nixon would become his next-door neighbor in the years following the Watergate scandal. After he retired from teaching, he remained involved in politics for the rest of his life through his books and public speaking tours. Schlesinger was a critic of the Clinton Administration, resisting President Clinton's cooptation of his "Vital Center" concept in an article for Slate in 1997. Schlesinger was also a critic of the 2003 Iraq War and called it a misadventure.He put much blame on the media for not covering a reasoned case against the war. Personal life
<mask>'s name at birth was <mask> Schlesinger; since his mid-teens, he had instead used the signature <mask><mask> Jr. He had five children, four from his first marriage to author and artist <mask> Schlesinger and a son and stepson from his second marriage, to Alexandra Emmet, also an artist. <mask> (b. 1942), a notable author of books on foreign affairs and former director of the World Policy Institute
Katharine Kinderman (1942–2004), an author and producer, who was married to Gibbs Kinderman and later Thomas Tiffany
<mask> (b. 1946), a prominent artist and muralist
<mask>, writer and

masks:
Arthur Meier Schlesinger Jr
Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger
Arthur M
. Schlesinger Sr
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Arthur M
. Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Arthur Bancroft
Arthur M
. Schlesinger
Marian Cannon
Stephen Schlesinger
Christina Schlesinger
Andrew Schlesinger


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 editor
<mask>, writer and editor

As a prominent Democrat and historian, Schlesinger maintained a very active social life. His wide circle of friends and associates included politicians, actors, writers, and artists, spanning several decades.Among his friends and associates were President John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Edward M. Kennedy, Adlai E. Stevenson, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, John Kenneth Galbraith, W. Averell and Pamela Harriman, Steve and Jean Kennedy Smith, Ethel Skakel Kennedy, Ted Sorensen, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., Alice Roosevelt Longworth, Hubert Humphrey, Henry Kissinger, <mask> Peabody Tree, Ben Bradlee, Joseph Alsop, Evangeline Bruce, William vanden Heuvel, Kurt Vonnegut, <mask>, Philip and Katharine Graham, Leonard Bernstein, Walter Lippmann, President Lyndon B. Johnson, Nelson Rockefeller, Lauren Bacall, <mask> Dietrich, <mask>overn, <mask>ra, <mask>eorge Bundy, Jack Valenti, <mask>, Richard Goodwin, Al Gore, President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. Career

Education
1933 Phillips Exeter Academy
1938 A.B. summa cum laude, Harvard University
1938–1939 Henry Fellow, Peterhouse, Cambridge
1939–1942 Society of Fellows, Harvard University

World War II service
1942–1943 Office of War Information
1943–1945 Office of Strategic Services

Educator
1946–1954 Associate Professor of History, Harvard University
1954–1962 Professor of History, Harvard University
1966 Visiting Fellow, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey
1966–1994 Albert Schweitzer Professor of Humanities, CUNY Graduate Center (Emeritus, 1994-2007)

Democratic Party activist
Among the founders of Americans for Democratic Action
Speechwriter for Adlai Stevenson's two presidential campaigns in 1952 and 1956
Speechwriter for John F. Kennedy's campaign in 1960
1961–1964 Special Assistant to the President for Latin American affairs and speechwriting
Speechwriter for Robert F. Kennedy's campaign in 1968
Speechwriter for George McGovern's campaign in 1972
Active in the presidential campaign of Ted Kennedy in 1980

Death
On February 28, 2007, Schlesinger had a heart attack while dining with family at a steakhouse in Manhattan. He was taken to New York Downton Hospital, where he died at the age of 89. His New York Times obituary described him as a "historian of power." He is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Works
He won a Pulitzer Prize for History in 1946 for his book The Age of Jackson, covering the intellectual environment of Jacksonian democracy.His 1949 book The Vital Center made a case for the New Deal policies of Franklin D. Roosevelt and was harshly critical of both unregulated capitalism and of those liberals such as Henry A. Wallace who advocated coexistence with communism. In his book The Politics of Hope (1962), Schlesinger terms conservatives the "party of the past" and liberals "the party of hope" and calls for overcoming the division between both parties. He won a second Pulitzer in the Biography category in 1966 for A Thousand Days. His 1986 book The Cycles of American History, a collection of essays and articles, contains "The Cycles of American Politics," an early work on the topic; it was influenced by his father's work on cycles. He became a leading opponent of multiculturalism in the 1980s and articulated this stance in his book The Disuniting of America (1991). Published posthumously in 2007, Journals 1952–2000 is the 894-page distillation of 6,000 pages of Schlesinger diaries on a wide variety of subjects, edited by Andrew and <mask>. Selected bibliography
This is a partial listing of <mask>’s published works:

Articles
 "The Future of Socialism".Partisan Review, May/June 1947. "The Many Faces of Communism, Part 1: The Theological Society". Harper’s Magazine, January 1960. "Origins of the Cold War". Foreign Affairs, Vol. 46, No. 1, October 1967."Against Academic Apartheid". The Social Contract, Vol. 1, No. 1, Inaugural Issue, Fall 1990. Books
1939 Orestes A. Brownson: A Pilgrim's Progress
1945 The Age of Jackson
1949 The Vital Center: The Politics of Freedom
1950 What About Communism? 1951 The General and the President, and the Future of American Foreign Policy
1957 The Crisis of the Old Order: 1919–1933 (The Age of Roosevelt, Vol. I)
1958 The Coming of the New Deal: 1933–1935 (The Age of Roosevelt, Vol.II)
1960 The Politics of Upheaval: 1935–1936 (The Age of Roosevelt, Vol. III)
1960 Kennedy or Nixon: Does It Make Any Difference? 1962 The Politics of Hope
1963 Paths of American Thought (ed. with <mask>)
1965 A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House
1965 The MacArthur Controversy and American Foreign Policy
1967 The Bitter Heritage: Vietnam and American Democracy, 1941–1966
1967 Congress and the Presidency: Their Role in Modern Times
1968 Violence: America in the Sixties
1969 The Crisis of Confidence: Ideas, Power, and Violence in America
1970 The Origins of the Cold War
1973 The Imperial Presidency – reissued in 1989 (with epilogue) and 2004
1978 Robert Kennedy and His Times – adapted into a 1985 TV miniseries
1983 Creativity in Statecraft
1983 The Almanac of American History – revised edition, 2004
1986 The Cycles of American History
1988 JFK Remembered
1988 War and the Constitution: Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt
1988 Cleopatra, New York: Chelsea House, ( Hoobler, Dorothy; Hoobler, Thomas; introductory essay "On leadership" by <mask><mask> Jr. )
1990 Is the Cold War Over? 1991 The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society
2000 20th Century Day by Day: 100 Years Of News From January 1, 1900, to December 31, 1999
2000 A Life in the 20th Century, Innocent Beginnings, 1917–1950
2004 War and the American Presidency
2007 Journals 1952–2000
2011 Jacqueline Kennedy: Historic Conversations on Life With John F Kennedy (Mrs. Kennedy's interview shortly after her husband's assassination)

Besides writing biographies he also wrote a foreword to a book on Vladimir Putin which came out in 2003 under the same name and was published by Chelsea House Publishers. Schlesinger's papers will be available at the New York Public Library. Awards
1946 Pulitzer Prize for History – The Age of Jackson
1958 Bancroft Prize – The Crisis of the Old Order
1958 Francis Parkman Prize – The Crisis of the Old Order
1966 National Book Award in History and Biography – A Thousand Days
1966 Pulitzer Prize for Biography – A Thousand Days
1978 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
1979 National Book Award in Biography – Robert Kennedy and His Times
1998 National Humanities Medal
2003 Four Freedoms Award
2006 Paul Peck Award
2006 Niebuhr Medal Awarded by Elmhurst College to an individual who exemplifies the ideals of Reinhold and H. Richard Niebuhr.Schlesinger was greatly influenced by Reinhold Niebuhr. Footnotes

Further reading
 Aldous, Richard. Schlesinger: The Imperial Historian (W.W. Norton, 2017) online book review
Diggins, John Patrick, ed. The Liberal Persuasion: <mask> Jr. and the Challenge of the American Past, Princeton UP, 1997. online free
Feller, Daniel, "<mask><mask> Jr.," in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio's Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 U of Missouri Press, 2000; pp. 156–169. <mask>, John Bartlow.Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. New York: Doubleday. 1976. <mask>, "The Hagiography Factory" (review of Richard Aldous, Schlesinger:  The Imperial Historian, Norton, 486 pp., ), London Review of Books, vol. 40, no. 3 (8 February 2018), pp. 13–15."Aldous has chosen an apt subtitle for his biography:  Schlesinger was an 'imperial' historian in his willingness to take up the burden of the American empire's PR, though 'The Imperious Publicist' would have served just as well." (p. 14)
Sue Saunders, <mask><mask> Jr. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum, February 15, 2006. Wilentz, Sean, "The High Table Liberal" (review of Richard Aldous, Schlesinger:  The Imperial Historian, Norton, 486 pp. ), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXV, no. 2 (8 February 2018), pp. 31–33."[T]he subtitle of Richard Aldous's otherwise solid biography is... erroneous. <mask> Jr. was in no way an 'imperial' historian; he was an anti-imperial historian." (p. 31)

Primary sources
<mask>, <mask>. Jr. A Thousand days: John F Kennedy in the White House. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1965. <mask>, <mask>. Jr. A Life in the Twentieth Century: Innocent Beginnings, 1917–1950. (2000), autobiography, vol 1. <mask>, <mask>. Jr. Journals: 1952–2000 (2007)

External links

<mask><mask> Jr. papers 1922–2007, held by the Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library

In Depth interview with Schlesinger, December 3, 2000
 Eisler, Kim."<mask>nger Dishes Dirt", Washingtonian, March 6, 2008. An incredible writer and a proud Liberal all his life. The Pulitzer Prize-winning historian and "court philosopher" of the Kennedy administration was 89 when he died. The Washington Post obituary

1917 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American cultural critics
American people of Austrian descent
American people of English descent
American people of German-Jewish descent
American Unitarians
Cold War historians
Critics of multiculturalism
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Historians of the United States
Kennedy administration personnel
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
National Book Award winners
National Humanities Medal recipients
New York (state) Democrats
People of the Office of Strategic Services
People of the United States Office of War Information
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners
Bancroft Prize winners
Pulitzer Prize for History winners
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Harvard College alumni
Harvard Fellows
Harvard University faculty
Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
Social critics
World War II spies for the United States
The Century Foundation
20th-century American male writers
Presidents of the American Academy of Arts

masks:
Robert Schlesinger
Marietta
Norman Mailer
Marlene
George MG
Robert McNama
McG
Bill Moyers
Stephen Schlesinger
Schlesinger
Morton White
Arthur M
. Schlesinger
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Thomas Meaney
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Arthur Schlesi


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<mask> (born 3 January 1966, Leigh) is a British Conservative Party politician, former musician and businessman serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Morecambe and Lunesdale since 2010. Early life
<mask> was born on 3 January 1966 in Leigh, Lancashire. The son of an ex-Royal Navy Lieutenant Commander who served as Director of Maritime Affairs for the Bahamas, he spent much of his youth abroad. He was privately educated at St Andrew's School in Nassau, Bahamas, Kowloon School, Hong Kong and Lowton High School in Greater Manchester. An accomplished guitarist, <mask> played in a band with Rick Astley. <mask> and Astley played the Northern club circuit at night in the band Give Way – specialising in covering Beatles and Shadows songs – and FBI, a soul band which won several local talent competitions. He became a session musician and was shortlisted for Whitesnake and Duran Duran.<mask> was signed under a separate management contract with the same management as Astley. He wrote songs for Stock, Aitken and Waterman, including their roster of artists such as Sonia, Brother Beyond and Jason Donovan. Business career
Failing his attempt to join the Royal Navy as an officer due his shortsightedness, <mask> followed creative pursuits. After leaving the music industry, he founded his stylist business, David Morris Hairdressing, in Leigh. He later expanded this to four other salons across the Greater Manchester area. He worked as an international stylist for Pierre Alexandre International. Political career
<mask> unsuccessfully contested the seats of Blackpool South in 2001 and Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire in 2005, although he cut the Labour Party majority in both instances.<mask> was selected as the Conservative candidate for Morecambe and Lunesdale at the 2010 general election and won it. Defeating Labour's Geraldine Smith by 866 votes, he took the constituency on a swing greater than the national average. He was re-elected in 2015 with an increased majority of 4,590 and in 2017 with a reduced majority of 1,399. <mask> served as a Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to the Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Offices. He is thought to be the first politician to have served in every department representing a devolved nation. <mask> was appointed in 2014 by Prime Minister <mask> as the first self-employment "Tsar". <mask> has served on the Science and Technology Select Committee from 2010 to 2015, the Constitutional Affairs Select Committee from 2014 to 2015 and the Administration Committee from 2014 to 2015.In Parliament, <mask> currently serves on the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee. He is the Chairman of the Conservative Friends of Nuclear Energy. <mask> is involved in several All Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) including the Chairman of the Parliamentary Space Committee, the Coastal and Marine APPG, Classic Rock and Blues APPG and the Self Employment APPG. <mask> is a member of the Armed Forces Parliamentary Scheme, for which he has the honorary title Lieutenant Commander in the Royal Navy. <mask> was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 referendum. He stated his reason for supporting remaining in the European Union was because he was "standing at the side of the Prime Minister on this one, because the Prime Minister has always stood by me and my people in Morecambe". Morecambe and Lunesdale voted narrowly to leave the European Union.Following the referendum he supported the position of his party and became committed to the UK leaving the European Union. In September 2020, <mask> was found guilty of breaching the rules on donations by the Parliamentary Standards Commission. He was found to have lobbied on behalf of Aquind Ltd, a firm led by Ukrainian-born businessman Alexander Temerko, who had donated more than £1m in total to the Conservative Party, and individual Conservative MPs. <mask> himself had received a donation of £10,000 from the firm. Following an interim report on the connections between colonialism and properties now in the care of the National Trust, including links with historic slavery, <mask> was among the signatories of a letter to The Telegraph from the "Common Sense Group" of Conservative Parliamentarians. The letter accused the National Trust of being "coloured by cultural Marxist dogma, colloquially known as the 'woke agenda'". Constituency campaigns
<mask> helped secure £120 million funding for the M6 link road in his constituency.He helped secure £10 million in funding to build the sea wall defences in Morecambe and £3 million to reinvest in the West End Gardens. He successfully lobbied the Government to fund reinforcing the Sea Wall Defenses at Sunderland Point in his constituency. He has been praised by his Conservative Party colleagues, such as the Chancellor George Osborne and Philip Hammond, as well as Prime Ministers <mask> and Theresa May, for being a catalyst for regeneration in his constituency and helping to secure further funding. <mask> was credited by the Conservative Party as being pivotal in securing the site for a new nuclear power station alongside Heysham 1 and 2. In December 2017, <mask> questioned claims about child poverty in his constituency made by local schools and a doctor who appeared in an ITV news story about poverty, alleging that staff at the schools were linked to Labour's campaign group Momentum Morris posted on his Facebook page that "These claims are not those being experienced by myself or the jobcentre in the area". <mask> stated on ITV that there was no proof or validity to these claims from any official source and called for social services to investigate to sort the matter out. Despite <mask>' protestations, child poverty in Morecambe continues to reach the national press.With 10% of children at Morecambe Bay Primary School coming from a family using food banks, the Head Teacher has spoken out against this perceived injustice on national television. Expenses
In 2013, <mask>' expenses attracted media attention after it was revealed that he had the second highest parliamentary expenses claim in the country. Criticised by his political rivals, he responded to his local newspaper that: "I am frankly insulted by the line of questioning your journalist has decided to take...My expenses are independently adjudicated by IPSA and are only paid for legitimate items." <mask> has received attention for the number of overseas trips he has received as an MP. In October 2018, it was detailed that his free trips overseas in the previous year were worth £17,994 in total and were the third highest value of any MP's trips during the year following the 2017 general election. In May 2016, it emerged that <mask> was one of a number of Conservative MPs being investigated by police in the United Kingdom general election, 2015 party spending investigation, for allegedly spending more than the legal limit on constituency election campaign expenses. However, in March 2017, Lancashire Police confirmed that no further action would be taken.In November 2016 it was reported that <mask> was being investigated for claiming £1,400 in car mileage expenses for trips in the UK on dates when he was abroad on parliamentary business. <mask> disputed the allegations and said the allegations from the expenses watchdog were false. In August 2017, <mask> was accused of nepotism by the publication Private Eye after it was revealed that he employed his partner as his Senior Parliamentary Assistant on a salary up to £45,000. <mask> argued that this was not nepotism as he had employed Emma Smith since 2010, which was before their relationship began. Although MPs who were first elected at or after the 2017 election have been banned from employing family members, the restriction is not retrospective – meaning that <mask>' employment of his partner is lawful. The restrictions do, though, state that staff members who begin a relationship with an MP while working for them, will have their publicly funded contract terminated after two years as partner. Personal life
In September 2019, <mask> married his partner Emma Smith in a ceremony at the Chapel of St Mary Undercroft at the Houses of Parliament.Smith served as his election agent and works as his Senior Parliamentary Assistant. Their daughter was born in September 2020. He has two sons from a previous marriage. <mask> is a friend of the actor and musician <mask>, whom he welcomed to the House of Commons in February 2011 as part of the campaign to reopen the Morecambe Winter Gardens. He is also friends with musicians Brian May of Queen, Bernie Marsden of Whitesnake and Scott Gorham of Thin Lizzy, who have helped charitable causes in his constituency. References

External links

1966 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
British hairdressers
English pop guitarists
English male guitarists
English songwriters
British male songwriters

masks:
David Thomas Morris
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David Morris
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David Cameron
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<mask> (born <mask>; October 20, 1907 – May 31, 2001) was an American actress, radio and television talk show host, and game show panelist. She is known for her long-running role as a panelist on the television game show  What's My Line?, on which she regularly appeared for 25 years, from 1950 to 1975, on both the network and syndicated versions of the show. Early life
<mask> was born on October 20, 1907, in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Leah (née Davis) and Aram Kazanjian. Her Armenian father was studying art in Paris at the age of 16 when he learned that both his parents had died in one of the massacres perpetrated by the Ottoman government in Turkey between 1894 and 1896, known as the Hamidian Massacres. He emigrated to the United States and became a portrait photographer, opening his own studio in Boston in the early 20th century. Later in life, Kazanjian painted canvases of dogwoods, "rabbits in flight", and other nature scenes, selling them at auction in New York. When <mask> was seven years old, her father decided that opportunities were greater in New York and moved the family to a flat in Washington Heights, Manhattan.She remained a New York resident until she entered a San Francisco nursing home in 1993. Career

After attending Finch College, <mask> began a varied career as an entertainer based in New York City. She became an accomplished stage actress, performing in many local theatre and off-Broadway plays and in 25 Broadway plays through 1975. In 1932, she made her film debut in Universal's Murders in the Rue Morgue. She appeared in films sporadically until the 1970s. <mask> became a well-known New York City radio personality, hosting several programs. In 1938 she became the female host of the radio game show What's My Name?.Although several men appeared as co-hosts over the years, <mask> was the sole female host throughout the program's long run (on ABC, NBC, and Mutual networks) until it ended in 1949. In 1940, <mask> played Betty in Betty and Bob, an early radio soap opera broadcast. In 1943, she began as host of a network radio game show, Blind Date, which she hosted also on ABC and NBC television from 1949 to 1952. She was a regular contributor to NBC Radio's Monitor in the 1950s and 1960s and hosted a long-running midday chat show on WOR-AM that ran from 1960 to 1984. <mask> was a panelist on the weekly game show What's My Line? from its second episode on CBS in 1950 until its network cancellation in 1967, and in its daily syndicated version from 1968 to 1975. The original show, which featured guests whose occupation, or "line," the panelists were to guess, became one of the classic television game shows, noted for the urbanity of its host and panelists.She appeared on other game shows, including Match Game, Password, To Tell the Truth, and other programs produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman, including a short-lived hosting stint on the Goodson-Todman show By Popular Demand, replacing original host Robert Alda. According to TV Guide, <mask> was the highest-earning game show panelist in the 1950s, making $1,000 (equal to $ today) per show on the prime time version of What's My Line?. By contrast, the second-highest paid panelists on TV, Dorothy Kilgallen and Faye Emerson, received $500 (equal to $ today) per appearance. <mask> was the emcee on the last episodes of The Comeback Story, a short-lived 1954 reality show on ABC in which mostly celebrities shared stories of having overcome adversity in their personal lives. <mask> was a pioneer for women on television, one of the first to host a program that was not musical or dramatic in nature. From 1954 to 1957, she was host and editor-in-chief of Home, NBC's hour-long daytime magazine program oriented toward women, which was conceived by network president Pat Weaver to complement the network's Today and Tonight programs. Newsweek put her on its cover as the "first lady of television."She hosted Talent Patrol in the mid 1950s. She acted in a few Hollywood films, debuting in the role of a streetwalker who falls prey to mad scientist Bela Lugosi in Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932). In her memoir, <mask> said she was cast for the movie even though her only acting experience at the time was in a small Shakespearean production in a convent school she had attended. Some sixteen years later, she appeared in the film version of Arthur Miller's play All My Sons (1948) with Edward G. Robinson. In the 1960s, <mask> made three films: One, Two, Three (1961), directed by Billy Wilder and filmed in Munich, in which she played James Cagney's wife; The Thrill of It All (1963) with Doris Day and James Garner; and, in 1968, the television version of the play Laura, which she had played on stage several times. Her final film performance was in Wilder's Fedora (1978). In 1978, <mask> wrote her autobiography, <mask> <mask>: A Memoir, with longtime friend Florence Rome.In 1960, she wrote That Certain Something: The Magic of Charm, and she published a cookbook, No Time for Cooking, in 1961. She was a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1980-82. <mask> also guested on television programs including Mrs. G. Goes to College in 1962 in the episode "The Mother Affair". Personal life
<mask> was married twice. Her first marriage, from 1935 to 1945, was to Neil Agnew, an executive with Paramount Pictures; they divorced in 1945. She wrote of this experience in her 1978 autobiography: Having made the actual physical break, it was easier for me than I had thought to explain to Neil some of what I felt, what I had been feeling for so long a time. Not all, of course.There were areas which I couldn't discuss even then, which would be too hurtful to him, I felt. I saw him fairly often, and he courted me as though we had just met, but I was building up strengths which enabled me to resist not only his blandishments (including a lovely little house which he bought in New York as an enticement to get me to change my mind) but those of my parents, who also would have given anything to see me go back to the status which had been quo. As she disclosed in her autobiography, she admitted she never should have married Neil Agnew because she wasn't in love with him. During the marriage, she met Martin Gabel and fell in love with him. He encouraged her to divorce Agnew which was one of the sources for her torment because her parents loved Agnew like a son and after the divorce initially did not like Gabel for multiple reasons including one being her divorce. <mask>'s second marriage was to actor and producer Martin Gabel from 1946 until his death in 1986. Gabel was a frequent guest panelist on What's My Line?.The couple, who often exchanged endearments on the show, had a son, Peter Gabel, born January 28, 1947, a legal scholar associated with New College of California in San Francisco. Peter Gabel was an associate editor of Tikkun, a Jewish-community commentary magazine. While working as a tour guide at the 1964 New York World's Fair, Peter surprised his mother as a contestant on What's My Line?. <mask> and her husband settled a lawsuit for $185,000 in June 1962 that had been filed by the widow of a Detroit man who was killed when a dumbbell fell from the Gabel family’s eighth-floor Ritz Tower apartment and struck him on the head while he was visiting New York to celebrate his birthday. <mask>, Gabel, and their son Peter were vacationing in Connecticut when the 1960 incident happened. <mask> had instructed their maid to shampoo the carpet while they were away. The maid kept windows open for a long time to minimize the smell of the shampoo.The dumbbell was part of the equipment that <mask> used for her regular exercise of weightlifting. On May 26, 1963, <mask> was involved in a serious car accident while driving alone from a theater on Long Island to the Manhattan studio where she was expected for a live telecast of What's My Line?. The force from a car that struck her car caused her to skid on the wet surface of the Northern State Parkway, jump the highway's concrete divider, and collide with a car containing five passengers, one of whom was killed. <mask> suffered a broken collarbone, a concussion and many cuts and bruises. <mask> was known for wearing a heart-shaped diamond pendant, a gift from Gabel, which she wore on nearly all of her What's My Line appearances. A mugger robbed her of the pendant as she was leaving a New York City taxi in 1988. Death
<mask> died at the age of 93 on May 31, 2001, in San Francisco, California, from Alzheimer's disease and cancer.She was interred in Roosevelt Memorial Park in Trevose, Pennsylvania. References

Bibliography

External links
 <mask> <mask> is hostess of Blind Date (a 1950s TV game show) in this video from YouTube
 <mask> <mask> Show with guest Sparky Lyle, WOR radio, October 26, 1977

 <mask> <mask>, Actress and TV Panelist, dies at 93

1907 births
2001 deaths
Actresses from Boston
American people of Armenian descent
American autobiographers
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television personalities
Finch College alumni
Women autobiographers
People of the New Deal arts projects
20th-century American actresses
American women non-fiction writers
American women television personalities

masks:
Arlene Francis
Arline Francis Kazanjian
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
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Francis
Francis
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Arlene
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