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<mask>, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, (25 July 1421 – 29 March 1461) was an English magnate. The Earldom of Northumberland was then one of the greatest landholdings in northern England; Percy also became Lord Poynings on his marriage. This title would bring him into direct conflict with the Poynings family themselves, and indeed, feuds with neighbouring nobles, both lay and ecclesiastical, would be a key occupancy of his youth. Percy married Eleanor Poynings, who outlived him; together they had four children. He was a leading Lancastrian during the Wars of the Roses, from which he managed to personally benefit, although his father died early in the war. He was not, however, to live to enjoy these gains, being killed at the Battle of Towton in 1461 on the defeated Lancastrian side. Early life and war with Scotland
Percy was the son of <mask>, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Lady Eleanor Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and his second wife, Joan Beaufort.Percy was knighted in 1426 together with <mask>. He was appointed Warden of the Eastern March on the Scottish border on 1 April 1440, originally for four years, and subsequent extensions in 1444, and 1445, for the next seven years. This came as well with the custody of Berwick Castle and responsibility for its defence He was to hold this post until March 1461. In May 1448, Percy, with his father and Sir Robert Ogle, invaded Scotland and burnt Dunbar and Dumfries, for which, in revenge, the Scots attacked his father's castles of Alnwick and Warkworth. King <mask> made his way north, and whilst at Durham sent Percy – now Lord Poynings – to raid Dumfrieshire; the sortie – "only to return with some 500 cattle" – of around 5,000 men failed, and he was captured whilst caught in a marsh following his father's  defeat at the River Sark on 23 October. Sir Robert Ogle was now outlawed and the king used half of his estates to compensate Poynings for the ransom he had expended arranging his release from captivity. Tensions with Scotland remained, to the extent that Poynings, his father, and other nobles were requested to stay and guard the border rather than attend Parliament, for which they were excused.In summer 1451, with an Anglo-Scottish truce pending, Poynings was commissioned to treat with Scottish embassies. In July 1455, he successfully prevented an assault on Berwick by the Scottish King, James II, and was congratulated by the English King as a result. Feud with the Poynings
In the late 1440s, the Yorkshire tenants of his father, the Earl of Northumberland, were in almost constant conflict with their neighbours, those of the Archbishop of York, involving armed skirmishes which Percy's brothers led. These events were deemed so severe that in 1448 they led to the only progress north for the King during his reign. The same year, because of a dispute over the inheritance his family received as a result of <mask>'s marriage, the Earl of Northumberland's retainers had ejected the earl's relative, Robert Poynings, from his Sussex manors. A year later, <mask> – now Lord Poynings by right of his wife – took direct part, with his father, in raiding the manor of Newington Bertram in Kent, which was also enfeoffed by Robert. This attack also apparently involved cattle rustling and theft, and Robert later claimed it to be so brutal that he was "deterred from seeking a remedy at law for three years".Feud with Nevilles

By the early 1450s, relations with a powerful neighbouring family, the Nevilles, became increasingly tense, and Poyning's brother Thomas, Lord Egremont, had finally ambushed a Neville force, returning from a wedding, near Sheriff Hutton, with a force of between 1,000 and 5,000 men. Although this was a bloodless confrontation, a precedent for the use of force in this particular dispute had already been laid in the previous violence in the region. By October 1453, Poynings was directly involved, with his father, brothers Egremont and Richard, and joined by Lord Clifford, in forcing a battle with John and Richard Neville at Topcliffe. The feud continued into the next year, when Poyning reportedly planned on attending parliament accompanied by a large force of men in February, and three months later both he and the earl were summoned by the king to attend council in attempt to impose a peace; a second letter was "written but not despatched". Neither, along with John Neville or Salisbury, did as requested. Wars of the Roses

During the Wars of the Roses, Percy followed his father in siding with the Lancastrians against the Yorkists. The Earl himself died at what is generally considered to be the first battle of the wars, at St Alban's on 22 May 1455, and Poynings was elevated as third Earl of Northumberland, without having to pay relief to the Crown, because his father had died in the King's service.He in his turn "swore to uphold the Lancastrian dynasty". Although a reconciliation of the leading magnates of the realm was attempted in October 1458 in London, he arrived with such a large body of men (thought to be around 1,500) that the city denied him entry. The new earl and his brother Egremont were bound over £4,000 each to keep the peace. When conflict broke out again, he attended the so-called Parliament of Devils in October 1459, which condemned as traitors those Yorkists accused of, among other offences, causing the death of his father four years before. On 30 December 1460, Percy led the central "battle" or section of the victorious Lancastrian army at the Battle of Wakefield, following which, the army marched south, pillaging on the road to London. He fought against Warwick at the second Battle of St. Albans on 17 February 1461, and he commanded the Lancastrian van at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461, however, "his archers were blinded by snowstorms", and he was either slain in close fighting, or died of his wounds soon after. He was buried at St Denys's Church, York.He was posthumously attainted by the first parliament of the victorious Edward IV in November 1461, and his son and namesake was committed to the Tower. Estates, offices and finances
The estates of the Earls of Northumberland had traditionally been in constant use as a source of manpower and wages in defence of the border since the Percy family first gained the office the previous century. The wages assigned to the third Earl were substantial: £2,500 yearly in time of peace, and £5,000 during war, as well as an annual payment for the maintenance of Berwick's upkeep (£66 in peacetime and £120 in wartime). Percy often had to provide from his own resources, however, as "securing payment was not easy" from the Exchequer, (for example, in 1454 he received no payments at all). In July 1452 he gained a twenty-year fee-farm (£80 yearly, from Carlisle), although he subsequently lost it in favour of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, in July 1454. Throughout the 1450s, the Crown continually made efforts at paying Percy his Warden's wages and fees promptly (paying him full wartime rates for the whole of the year 1456–7, for example), and since he was a loyal Lancastrian he achieved this more often than his counterpart on the west march, Salisbury, who by now had publicly aligned himself with York. The fee farm of Carlisle was returned to Percy in November 1459, following Salisbury's attainder in Coventry.He also benefited from the attainder of York, being granted an annuity of £66 from the latter's forfeited Wakefield Lordship in Yorkshire; he also received £200 from the profits of Penrith. As a reward for his role in the Lancastrian victory at Ludford Bridge, he was made Chief Forester north of the River Trent and the Constable of Scarborough Castle on 22 December 1459 for life. He was nominated to a wide-ranging commission of oyer and terminer (from the old French, literally a commission "to hear and determine") on 30 May 1460, his new rank was a tactic to deal with the treasons and insurrections in Northumberland. On 3 July, he was granted Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and Cambridgeshire, all belonging to Salisbury, on a twelve-year lease. After the Yorkists captured <mask> VI at the Battle of Northampton in 1460, they accused Percy of having looted York's northern estates during his exile in Ireland. This charge was likely to have had some truth in it, as it was his continued pillaging of those estates, with the Lords Clifford and Dacre, that led to York marching north to Wakefield in December 1460. These incomes, however collected, would have been vital to the Earl both personally and militarily as his northern estates especially had been a victim of feudal decline for most of the first half of the fifteenth century: even on the forfeit of the earldom to the Crown in 1461, his arrears have been calculated as still standing at approximately £12,000.Family

On or before 25 June 1435, by the arrangement in 1434 of his father and Cardinal Beaufort, he married Eleanor Poynings (c.1422-11 February 1484), suo jure Baroness Poynings, daughter and heiress of Sir Richard Poynings of Poynings in Sussex, by his second wife Eleanor Berkeley, a daughter of Sir John Berkeley of Beverston Castle in Gloucestershire. In 1446 she became heir general to her grandfather Robert Poynings, 4th Baron Poynings (1380–1446), inherited his title of Baron Poynings (which having been created by writ was able to descend to females) and his large estates across the south of England. He was summoned to Parliament from 14 December 1446 to 26 May 1455, by writs directed Henrico de Percy, chivaler, domino de Ponynges ("<mask> Percy, Knight, lord of the manor of Poynings"). His wife was a legatee in the 1455 will of her mother, Eleanor, Countess of Arundel (widow of John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel). They had at least one son and four daughters:

Anne Percy (1444–1522), who married Sir Thomas Hungerford in 1460. Margaret Percy (b. c. 1447), who married Sir William Gascoigne Potential ancestors of notably  Catherine  Middleton
<mask>, 4th Earl of Northumberland (c. 1449 – 28 April 1489), who married Maud Herbert, daughter of the first Earl of Pembroke. Eleanor Percy (1455-c. 1477), who married Thomas West, 8th Baron De La Warr; they had no children.Elizabeth Percy (1460–1512), who married <mask>, 6th Baron Scrope of Bolton. Ancestry

Notes

References
, older version available at

. Further reading

  — a section of the last page of the 2nd earl's biography. 1421 births
1461 deaths
3
English military personnel killed in action
Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms
Lords Warden of the Marches
Poynings, <mask>, 5th Baron Poynings
People from Leconfield
People of the Wars of the Roses
<mask>, 03rd Earl of Northumberland

masks:
Henry Percy
Henry Percy
Henry VI
Henry
Henry Percy
Henry Percy
Henry
Henry de
Henry Percy
Henry Scrope
Henry Percy
Henry Percy


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<mask>. (born July 19, 1966) is a Mexican luchador and professional wrestler. He is the adopted son of the legendary original <mask> and is the first Mexican and the second masked wrestler to win the NWA World Heavyweight Championship thus making him a one-time world champion. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico, where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. Professional wrestling career

Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (1996–2001)
In Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) he formed the team Los Juniors with La Parka Jr., Mascara Sagrada Jr. and Perro Aguayo Jr. On April 18, 1999 in Zapopan, Jalisco they won the Mexican National Atómicos Championship by defeating Los Vatos Locos, a team of Charly Manson, May Flowers, Nygma and Picudo. On September 17, 1999 in Mexico City, D.F. they lost the championship to Los Vipers, a team of Histeria, Maniaco, Mosco de la Merced II and Psicosis II. National Wrestling Alliance (2008–2010)

On October 25, 2008, <mask>. became the first Mexican professional wrestler, as well as first masked luchador to win the NWA World Heavyweight Championship when he defeated champion Adam Pearce.His win was also the first time the title changed hands in Mexico, although not with CMLL as would have been the case before the mid-1980s (It happened in Blue Demon Jr.'s own promotion: NWA Mexico). Pearce protested the loss with the NWA as his arm was under the bottom rope when he passed out from Blue Demon Jr's Single leg Boston crab. Blue <mask> Jr. managed to hold on to the championship for 505 days before dropping it back to Pearce in a triple-threat match also involving Phill Shatter on March 14, 2010 at NWA New Beginnings. Pro Wrestling Revolution (2010–2013)
Demon Jr. defeated Oliver John at an NWA Mexico event at the Lucha Libre Expo in Mexico City on July 23, 2010 to capture the Pro Wrestling Revolution (PWR) Heavyweight Championship. On May 11, 2013, El Hijo del Santo and his rival, Blue <mask>., joined forces to win the Pro Wrestling Revolution Tag Team Championship after defeating Brian Cage and Derek Sanders On September 6, 2012, Blue <mask> Jr. lost the PWR World Heavyweight Championship to Carly Colón in a match that also involved La Parka II. On November 13, 2013, Blue <mask>. disbanded NWA Mexico and became officially affiliated with PWR. Lucha Underground (2014–2015)
In August 2014, <mask> Jr. was announced as one of five AAA wrestlers to star in the El Rey network's new television series Lucha Underground.<mask> Jr. wrestled in the first match of the debut episode of Lucha Underground on October 29, defeating Chavo Guerrero Jr. In the LU storyline, <mask> Jr. was hospitalized due to vicious after-match attacks by both Mil Muertes and Chavo Guerrero Jr. following <mask>'s loss to Mil Muertes in the November 5 main event match. Upon his return, he attacked Chavo and later in a face-to-face meeting with Chavo blocked another attack and emerged triumphant after laying Chavo out. On July 8, 2015, <mask> turned rudo attacking Texano Jr.

Return to AAA (2013–present)
<mask> Jr. returned to AAA on March 3, 2013, challenging El Texano Jr. to a match for the AAA Mega Championship. The match took place on March 17 at Rey de Reyes and saw El Texano Jr. retain his title. After the match, <mask> Jr. challenged El Texano Jr. to a Mask vs. Hair Lucha de Apuestas.On April 15, <mask> Jr. announced that he had signed to become a regular member of AAA's roster. On June 16 at Triplemanía XXI, <mask> Jr. defeated El Mesías to win the vacant AAA Latin American Championship. He was stripped of the title on March 16, 2014, after he was unable to attend a scheduled title defense against Chessman at Rey de Reyes. In films and TV
In 2007, he appeared in the film Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy (also known as Mil Mascaras Resurrection). In an episode of ¡Mucha Lucha!, a cartoon version of <mask> Jr. appears as a super hero wrestler. He competed on the Mexican dancing show Mira Quien Baila in 2011. He has a cameo in Mel Gibson's 2012 movie Get the Gringo.He also participated in Como dice el dicho in 2011. In 2021, it was announced that <mask> Jr. would star in a new television series for Disney Channel titled Ultra Violet and <mask> Demon. The series would have focused on Ultra Violet, played Scarlett Estevez, who discovers that her uncle is <mask> Jr. and teams up with him to become superheroes. However, later that year, it was announced that the series would be retitled Ultra Violet and Black Scorpion with J.R. Villarreal replacing <mask> as an original character. Personal life
<mask> Jr.'s son is training for a career in professional wrestling. Championships and accomplishments

Cauliflower Alley Club
Lucha Libra Award (2018)
International Wrestling All Stars
IWAS World Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide
AAA Latin American Championship (1 time)
Mexican National Atómicos Championship (1 time) - with La Parka Jr., Perro Aguayo Jr. and Máscara Sagrada Jr.
Mexican National Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
Copa Hijo del Perro Aguayo (2019)
NWA SOUTHWEST/World of Wrestling
WOW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Revolution
PWR Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
PWR Tag team Championship (1 time) - with El Hijo del Santo
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 22 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009
Universal Wrestling Association
UWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Association
WWA Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WWA Middleweight Championship (1 time)
WWA World Welterweight Championship (1 time)

Luchas de Apuestas record

References

General sources - Championship Information

General sources - Career

Specific

External links

Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy Official Page
PopMatters review of Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy

1966 births
Living people
Masked wrestlers
Mexican male professional wrestlers
NWA World Heavyweight Champions
Professional wrestlers from Mexico City
Unidentified wrestlers

masks:
Blue Demon Jr
Blue Demon
Demon Jr
Demon
Demon Jr
Demon
Demon Jr
Blue Demon
Blue Demon
Blue Demon
Demon
Demon
Blue Demon
Blue Demon
Blue Demon
Blue Demon
Blue Demon
Blue Demon
Blue
Blue Demon
Blue Demon
Blue Demon


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<mask> ( ; June 6, 1842 – February 25, 1894) was an American playwright, actor, theater manager and inventor. Having acted, written, directed and produced numerous and popular plays and theatrical spectaculars of the day, he became one of the most famous actors and theater producers of his generation. Biography
<mask> was born in Buffalo, New York. His father, Colonel James M<mask>, was a successful attorney and an ardent abolitionist; <mask>'s mother died when he was young. His aunt was <mask> (1809–1904) and he had two sisters, <mask> (1838–1919), <mask> (1840–1876) and two half-brothers, <mask> (1834–1888) and <mask> (1856–1913). While young, <mask> attended Roe's Military Academy in Cornwall-on-Hudson and the William Leverett Boarding School in Newport. Under the influence from his father, who was also an art connoisseur, MacKaye initially planned to become an artist.During his teens he studied painting with William Morris Hunt, then continued his studies at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris. He returned to the U.S. in order to serve for the Union Army during the American Civil War. A member of New York's Seventh Regiment, he eventually rose to the rank of Major before an illness forced his retirement. MacKaye would later model in full uniform for John Quincy Adams Ward's Seventh Regiment Memorial statue, which stands in Central Park. In 1869, MacKaye traveled to Paris with his family, where he became the disciple of the renowned French acting teacher François Delsarte. Under Delsarte, MacKaye learned to enhance performance through pose and gesture. He would later teach and utilize this system during his career.On his return to the United States a year later, he lectured on the philosophy of ethics and "natural" acting in New York, Boston and elsewhere. In 1873 he became the first American actor to portray Hamlet in London. MacKaye was the author of thirty plays. As a dramatist, MacKaye is seen as representative of the transition from an older theatrical tradition to a newer one, incorporating realism and naturalistic portrayals. His first play to be published was Hazel Kirke, which was privately printed in New York in 1880. The play, while a smash-hit with audiences, received neutral-to-negative response from theatre critics, who criticized its lack of a primary antagonist. In the mid-1880s he helped establish the first school of acting in the United States, the Lyceum Theatre School, which later became the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (AADA).He was also well known for his theatrical innovations, having invented a variety of devices including flame-proof curtains, folding theater seats and the "Nebulator", a machine for creating clouds onstage. In all, he patented over 100 theatrical inventions. By 1885, MacKaye had established three theaters in New York City: the St. James, Madison Square and the Lyceum Theatre. For the Chicago World's Fair of 1893, he began to construct a theatre capable of seating 10,000 people—the "Spectatorium"—but the Panic of 1893 deprived the project of necessary funds. The project was left incomplete. MacKaye married Jeannie Spring, the daughter of Marcus Spring, during the time he was teaching art at Marcus Spring's Eagleswood Military Academy, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. After a brief marriage to Jeannie, which ended in divorce, MacKaye married his second wife, Mary K. Medbery, in 1865.The couple had six children, four of whom attained notability: philosopher <mask>, poet and playwright <mask>, conservationist <mask>, and suffragist <mask>. <mask> fell ill in February 1894, and his physicians urged him to move to a warmer climate. He left Chicago on February 22 on a private train headed for San Diego. The train was near Timpas, Colorado on February 25 when MacKaye's health began to rapidly decline up until his death at 7:45 in the morning. His son, Percy, published his father's biography, Epoch: The Life of <mask>, in 1927. Inventions
<mask> was widely known for being an innovator in theater technology. He patented and invented more than 100 inventions including the Folding Theater Chair, the Fire Curtain, and the unique Double-Stage System.The Double-Stage System was a large elevator-like structure that was used to load scenery on and off of the stage. It was only ever installed in the Madison Square Theatre (not to be confused with Madison Square Garden) because of its cost and complexity. The system cut the time of intermissions between scenes of plays from around 6 minutes to 40 seconds, which made the theatre more enjoyable to go to as a whole. <mask> is also responsible for converting the Lyceum Theatre to an overhead-lit theater. This is the first recorded occurrence of an overhead lighting structure in a North-American theater. Works

He wrote the plays Monaldi and Marriage. Other works include:
 The Twins (1876) (with Andrew Carpenter Wheeler)
 Won at Last (1877)
 Through the Dark (1878), later called Money Mad
 Hazel Kirke (1880)
 Anarchy (1887), originally called Paul Kauvar; or Anarchy, later shortened to Anarchy, and then again changed to Paul Kauvar.A Fool's Errand
 In Spite of All

References

Sources

Bordman, Gerald. 1994. American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1869–1914. Oxford University Press. Brace, Gerald Warner. Days that Were. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.1976. .
Brown, Thomas Allston. 1903. A History of the New York Stage From the First Performance in 1732 to 1901, vol. III. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. Glassberg, David. 1990.American Historical Pageantry: The Uses of Tradition in the Early Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: UNC Press. Hewitt, Barnard. Theatre U.S.A.. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1959. Hornblow, Arthur. 1919. A History of the Theatre in America from Its Beginnings to the Present Time.Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. <mask>, Percy. Epoch: the Life of <mask>, Genius of the Theatre, in Relation to His  Times & Contemporaries. Vol. 1-2, New York, Boni & Liveright, 1927. Quinn, Arthur Hobson. 1917.Representative American plays. New York: The Century Co.
Rocher, Yann, 2014. Le théâtre fatal du réalisme américain, in Théâtres en utopie. Paris: Actes sud. Ruyter, Nancy Lee Chalfa. 1999. The Cultivation of Body and Mind in Nineteenth-century American Delsartism.Greenwood Publishing Group. External links

1842 births
1894 deaths
19th-century American male actors
American male stage actors
Male actors from Buffalo, New York
19th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Broadway theatre producers
Writers from Buffalo, New York

masks:
James Morrison Steele MacKaye
Steele MacKaye
. MacKaye
Steele
Sarah MacKaye Alling
Emily MacKaye von Hesse
Sarah MacKaye Warner
William Henry MacKaye
Henry Goodwin MacKaye
Steele
James MacKaye
Percy MacKaye
Benton MacKaye
Hazel MacKaye
Steele MacKaye
Steele MacKaye
Steele MacKaye
MacKaye
MacKaye
Steele MacKaye


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<mask> (February 22, 1869 – May 8, 1939) was a prominent western American architect, best known for his projects in Idaho. His work in Boise included the Idaho State Capitol, the Boise City National Bank, the Carnegie Library, and numerous other buildings for schools, universities, churches, and government institutions. From 1922 to 1930, he worked in Portland, Oregon. He was associated with partnerships John E. Tourtellotte & Company and Tourtellotte & Hummel, based in Boise. Works by these firms were covered in a 1982 study and many of the buildings were immediately or later listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Early years
Tourtellotte was born in East Thompson, Connecticut, to a well-respected French Huguenot family. His father, Charles W. Tourtellotte, was a prosperous farmer and grist-mill owner.At age 17, he enrolled as an apprentice to the architectural firm of Cutting & Bishop, based in Webster, Massachusetts, where he studied architectural drawing for two years. During this time, he supervised roof construction for the Butler Insane Asylum in Providence, Rhode Island, and the Anne & Hope factory in Lonsdale, the largest factory in the United States. Following his apprenticeship, Tourtellotte travelled westward, working on construction projects in Chicago, Kansas City, Albuquerque, and Pueblo, Colorado, before arriving in Boise in 1890, months after Idaho achieved statehood. Idaho and Oregon
His architectural and construction business thrived in Boise, and by 1894, Tourtellotte devoted his business entirely to architecture. In 1903, he formed a partnership with German immigrant Charles Hummel (1857–1939), a university-trained architect who had previously worked for Tourtellotte's architecture and construction business. Though the firm's headquarters were moved to Portland in 1913, the Boise office was retained. The partnership was dissolved in 1922, and  Tourtellotte then partnered with one of Charles Hummel's sons, fellow architect Frank K. Hummel (1892–1961).The two shared a Portland office from 1922 until Tourtellotte's retirement in 1930, and Frank Hummel worked there until its closure around 1934, when he returned to Boise. *Tourtellotte continued to work as he designed a proposed Portland City Hall in 1933 with architect Truman E. Phillips as well as a completed project, Linn County Courthouse in Albany, OR, which was in the building stages at the time of his death, also with Mr. PHillips, according to "Architect and Engineer", Vols. 136-139, page 55. After retiring, Tourtellotte continued to live in Portland, where he died on May 8, 1939. He and his wife Della (1869–1946) are buried in Idaho at Morris Hill Cemetery in Boise. Tourtellotte was known for combining architectural motifs from disparate styles and eras, and the domed Idaho State Capitol is celebrated for its use of natural light. To celebrate the opening of the state capitol, Tourtellotte wrote an essay where he compared the architectural styles of various eras to the state of spiritual and moral development of civilization evident during those times, with the use of illumination and light signifying the increasing spiritual enlightenment of humanity.The state capitol underwent an extensive restoration which was completed in 2010. Tourtellotte also designed the replacement Administration Building at the University of Idaho in Moscow. Construction of the Tudor Gothic-style structure began in 1907 and the main building was completed in 1909; its wings in 1912 and 1916. Based on the Hampton Court Palace in England, the UI Administration Building is a campus icon and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, at age 69. Tourtellotte fraternal affiliations were with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Freemasons, and the Kiwanis. Works

<mask> E. Tourtellotte, 1894-1901
 W. Scott Neal House, 215 E. Jefferson St., Boise, Idaho (1897, 1914)
 Walter E. Pierce House, 5801 Branstetter St., Garden City, Idaho (1897)
 J. M. Johnson House, 1002 W. Franklin St., Boise, Idaho (1898)
 Willis Mickle House, 1415 N. 8th St., Boise, Idaho (1898)
 Herbert Dunton House, 906 W. Hays St, Boise, Idaho (1899, 1913)
 Mrs. W. B. Kurtz House, 439 W. 3rd St., Weiser, Idaho (1899, 1902)
 Morris Sommer House, 548 W. 2nd St., Weiser, Idaho (1899)
 A. B. Anderson House, 547 W. 1st St., Weiser, Idaho (1900)
 James Funsten House (Remodeling), 2420 Old Penitentiary Rd., Boise, Idaho (1900)
 Herman Haas House, 253 W. Idaho St., Weiser, Idaho (1900)
 Charles Paynton House, 1213 N. 8th St., Boise, Idaho (1900)
 Nathan Smith House, 2315 S. Broadway Ave., Boise, Idaho (1900)
 Union Block, 720 W. Idaho St., Boise, Idaho (1900–01)
 Marion Allsup House, 1601 N. 10th St., Boise, Idaho (1901)

John E. Tourtellotte & Company, 1901-1910
 H. E. McElroy House, 924 W. Fort St., Boise, Idaho (1901)
 Alva Fleharty House, 907 W. Hays St., Boise, Idaho (1902)
 Mackay Episcopal Church, Park Ave. & College St., Mackay, Idaho (1902)
 Walter Abbs House, 915 Fort St., Boise, Idaho (1903)
 Ada Odd Fellows Temple, 109-115 N. 9th St., Boise, Idaho (1903) - Demolished.Archie Larsen House, Larsen Rd, Weiser, Idaho (1910) - Demolished. Lewiston Vineyards Gates, 18th Ave. & 10th St., Lewiston, Idaho (1910)

Tourtellotte & Hummel, 1910-1930

<mask>. Tourtellotte, 1930-1937
 Portland City Hall, Portland, Oregon (1933) - Not built. Tourtellotte & Phillips (1937-1939)
 Gresham High School (Remodeling), N. Main Ave., Gresham, Oregon (1939–40)
 Linn County Courthouse, 300 SW 1st Ave., Albany, Oregon (1939–40)

References

External links
Idaho Capitol Commission - original architect - <mask>. Tourtellotte
Multnomah County archives <mask>te
 John Tourtellotte Architecture on Google maps

1869 births
1939 deaths
People from Thompson, Connecticut
Architects from Idaho
Architects from Portland, Oregon
People from Boise, Idaho
University of Idaho people

masks:
John Everett Tourtellotte
John
John E
John E
John Tourtellot


text_chunks:
General Sir <mask>,  (born 28 July 1947) is a retired senior Australian Army officer who served as the 26th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 2014 to 2019. A graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, <mask> fought in the Vietnam War, receiving the Military Cross in 1971. From 1983 to 1984, he was commander of the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, and he later served as commander of the 6th Brigade and the 1st Division. <mask> rose to prominence in 1999, when he served as commander of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET), which oversaw the peacekeeping mission in East Timor during its transition to independence. He is also an alumnus of National Defence College, India. <mask> was Australia's Chief of Army from 2000 to 2002 and Chief of the Defence Force from 2002 to 2005, receiving corresponding promotions to lieutenant general and general. <mask> retired from active service following the end of his term as Chief of the Defence Force, and subsequently served as leader of a taskforce helping to rebuild communities in Queensland after Cyclone Larry in 2006.In January 2014, <mask> was named to succeed Dame Quentin Bryce as Governor-General of Australia. He was sworn in on 28 March 2014 and made a Knight of the Order of Australia on the same date. <mask> retired on 1 July 2019 and was succeeded by General David Hurley. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Sydney, New South Wales, on 28 July 1947. He was educated at Waverley College in Sydney, then followed his father, a warrant officer, into the Australian Army by attending the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1965. <mask>'s uncle, <mask>, was a professional Australian rules football player, but was killed in action while serving with the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II. <mask> class of 1964 spent time in  Waverley College's Cadet Unit, as a cadet he was Adjutant CUOP <mask> and tied for the Major General JA Chapman Cane for the most efficient cadet in the Unit.Years later the cadet unit has named an award after <mask>, the General Cosgrove Shield (for the most efficient Speciality in the Cadet Unit) each year to honour the achievements of the most senior ranking officer to graduate. Military service

<mask> was appointed a probationary second lieutenant in August 1968 while attached to a regular army unit, and was commissioned a lieutenant on 11 December 1968. He was allotted to the Royal Australian Infantry. He arrived in South Vietnam on 3 August 1969 and was posted to 9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment on 20 August 1969. On 10 October 1969, Lieutenant <mask> was commanding 5 Platoon, B Company. The platoon located an occupied bunker system in an area where, because of the proximity of allied troops, indirect fire support was difficult to obtain. In spite of this, he led his platoon in an assault on the bunkers without indirect fire support, capturing the system and killing and wounding at least four enemy without sustaining any casualties.On 16 October 1969, 5 Platoon located another bunker system occupied by about a platoon of enemy. Lieutenant <mask> silently deployed his own platoon for an attack. His assault completely surprised the enemy causing them to flee, abandoning large quantities of food, stores and documents. The following day in the same bunker system a party of enemy approached his right forward section and was engaged by the sentry. Knowing that the remainder of the section was elsewhere on other tasks, Lieutenant <mask> ran to the contact area and personally conducted the fight against the enemy. As a result of his actions, two enemy were killed and three weapons and four packs containing rice were captured. He was awarded the Military Cross for these actions.<mask> was promoted to the temporary rank of captain on 21 September 1970, and was appointed an aide-de-camp to the then-Governor-General Paul Hasluck on 20 December 1971. He was promoted to substantive captain on 31 October 1974 (seniority from 13 July), to temporary major on 2 January 1976 and to substantive major on 11 December 1978. In 1980 he was awarded the National Medal, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 7 December 1981. In the mid-1980s he commanded the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. <mask> came to national fame in 1999 when, as a major general, he led the international forces (INTERFET) in a peacekeeping mission to East Timor. The mission's success made him one of Australia's most respected and popular military leaders. He returned to Australia in 2000 as Land Commander Australia, was promoted to lieutenant general in July and appointed Chief of the Army and, in 2002, was advanced to general as Chief of the Defence Force.In 2004, the Foreign Minister Alexander Downer queried the judgement of Federal Police Commissioner Mick Keelty. Following a joint interview with the then Defence Minister Robert Hill, <mask> was accused of "playing politics" when he said that, on this occasion, he disagreed with Keelty's point of view. However, <mask> expressed strong support for the Police Commissioner in his Australian best selling autobiography, My Story, published in 2006. On 3 July 2005, <mask>'s three-year appointment as Chief of the Defence Force was completed, and he was succeeded by then-Chief of Air Force Air Marshal Angus Houston. Post-military career

Cyclone Larry Taskforce
On 23 March 2006, <mask> was selected to lead the Queensland Government taskforce of rebuilding communities damaged by Cyclone Larry, a Category 5 tropical cyclone that devastated the Innisfail region of northern Queensland. "In recognition of the important contribution General <mask> made to the community of North Queensland following Cyclone Larry", on 11 October 2008, Queensland Premier Anna Bligh announced that a new residential suburb in the Bohle Plains area of Townsville would be named Cosgrove, formerly the site of an Abattoir for the cattle sale yards next to it. Corporate leadership and community organisations
Cosgrove served on the board of Australia's main airline Qantas between July 2005 and January 2014 and is on numerous other boards as chairman or member.He served as Chancellor of the Australian Catholic University between November 2010 and January 2014; and is Honorary Patron in Chief of the ACT Veterans Rugby Club and the Rosies Youth Mission. <mask> was appointed as Patron to the Australian Volunteer Coast Guard Association in 2015. Governor-General

On 28 January 2014, Prime Minister Tony Abbott announced that the Queen Elizabeth II had accepted his advice to appoint <mask> as the next Governor-General of Australia, to succeed Quentin Bryce in late March. On 25 March, Abbott announced that the Queen had also approved the reinstatement of the grade of Knight or Dame in the Order of Australia (she had abolished it in 1986 on the advice of Bob Hawke), and that governors-general would be ex officio the Principal Knight or Dame of the Order. The incumbent, Quentin Bryce, was immediately made the first new Dame of the Order. On 28 March <mask> succeeded Dame Quentin and was sworn in as Governor-General by Chief Justice Robert French, becoming Sir <mask>. Former headmaster of Waverley College, Ray Paxton states “In choosing Sir <mask> for Governor General, Australia has honoured a remarkable man”.On 16 December 2018 Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced that The Queen had approved the appointment of retired General David Hurley, the current Governor of New South Wales as the next Governor-General of Australia commencing in July 2019, and that <mask>'s term would be extended until that time to ensure smooth transitions following the New South Wales election in March and federal election expected in May 2019. On 12 August 2019, during a post appointment call upon the Queen, Her Majesty appointed <mask> a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order. Personal life
<mask> married Lynne Payne in 1976; they have three sons and four grandchildren, and lived in Sydney before taking up residence in Government House, Canberra. <mask> is a Roman Catholic and frequently attends Mass in the St Christopher's Cathedral parish in Canberra. <mask> is a strong supporter and member of the Sydney Roosters. He is also a keen follower of cricket and rugby union. His memoir You shouldn't have joined... was published by Allen & Unwin in 2020.

masks:
Peter John Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Bill Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
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Cosgrove
Cosgrove
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Peter Cosgrove
Peter Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Peter Cosgrove
Peter Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove


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<mask> (born 5 November 1976) is a Conservative Party politician and former marketing executive who served as Minister of State for Disabled People, Work and Health from 2019 to 2021. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for North Swindon since 2010. A former Conservative Councillor on Swindon Borough Council, he previously served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Ed Vaizey. He served in David Cameron’s government as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Disabled People from 2015 to 2016. He was a junior minister during the second May ministry at the Department for Work and Pensions, as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Family Support, Housing and Child Maintenance from 2018 to 2019. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Blackburn, Lancashire on 5 November 1976. His mother Vera represents St. Andrews ward on Swindon Borough Council.He studied at Harry Cheshire High School, a state comprehensive in Kidderminster, Worcestershire, and Oxford Brookes University, where he was Chairman of its Conservative Student Branch from 1995 to 1999. He was National Chairman of Conservative Future, the youth-wing of the Conservative Party, between 2002 and 2003. Tomlinson used to work on the coaches for a nightclub called Eros in Swindon, Wiltshire. He also operated a small marketing business. Tomlinson stood as the Conservative Party candidate for Abbey Meads ward on Swindon Borough Council and was elected in 2000, before being re-elected in the same ward in 2002 and 2006. Parliamentary career
Tomlinson unsuccessfully stood in North Swindon at the 2005 general election, losing to the defending Labour MP Michael Wills by 2,571 votes. However, he won the seat from Labour at the 2010 general election, defeating the new Labour candidate Victor Agarwall by 7,060 votes.In total, <mask> received 22,408 votes (44.6% of the vote), with a swing of 10.1% from Labour to the Conservatives. Along with fellow Conservative MP Chris Kelly, Tomlinson placed a bet while at university that he would be Prime Minister before the year 2038. He stands to win £500,000 should this happen. Kelly stood down at the 2015 general election after having served a single term. He reported the Labour MP Sadiq Khan to the police in 2014 after Khan was photographed apparently driving whilst using a mobile phone. Tomlinson said "those who make the laws should certainly not be above them". Khan was not prosecuted and went on to become elected as Mayor of London in 2016.Also in 2016 <mask> was punished for contempt was when he was suspended for two days after leaking a draft committee report. He was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Disabled People following the 2015 General Election victory of the Conservative Party, serving until the new Prime Minister, Theresa May, reshuffled the government in 2016. Prior to that he was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Ed Vaizey. On 9 July 2018, Tomlinson was appointed as a junior minister in the Department for Work and Pensions as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Family Support, Housing and Child Maintenance. In May 2015, it was reported by The Huffington Post that his appointment as Minister for Disabled People was controversial as he had previously voted against protecting the benefits of disabled children and those undergoing cancer treatment. Tomlinson faced calls for his resignation in October 2015 after it was reported that he had leaked information from the Public Accounts committee regarding regulation of short term high cost credit "payday lenders" to Wonga.com back in 2013. Tomlinson accepted he had broken the rules and apologised, stating that his "strongly-held belief that action needed to be taken on payday lenders" had caused his "judgement to be clouded".Tomlinson arranged £30,000 of sponsorship for Swindon Supermarine F.C., a local football team by the same payday lender wonga.com. The football club's chairman, Jez Webb, has made donations of £30,218 to both Tomlinson's and local Conservative Party funds since 2014. Webb stated that he donated in a personal capacity and that the very similar amounts "were coincindental." <mask> was subsequently accused of trying to remove references to previous links to Wonga from his website, including the arrangement of a sponsorship deal with Swindon Supermarine F.C. in 2011. Tomlinson voted for the UK to leave the European Union in the 2016 referendum. In the House of Commons he sits on the Work and Pensions Committee.He has sat on the Public Accounts Committee and Consolidation Bills (Joint Committee). <mask> employs his partner as Office Manager on a salary up to £40,000. The practice of MPs employing family members, has been criticised by some sections of the media on the lines that it promotes nepotism. Although MPs who were first elected in 2017 have been banned from employing family members, the restriction is not retrospective – meaning that Tomlinson's employment of his partner is lawful. In September 2016, Tomlinson apologised for leaking a draft of a public accounts committee report on the credit industry to someone he knew who worked for payday lender Wonga. In November 2018, Tomlinson was criticised by Labour MP Ruth George after appearing to suggest that families facing a cap under the Universal Credit scheme could take in a lodger. A Department for Work and Pensions spokesperson later said that Tomlinson was giving "illustrative examples of how some households subject to the cap may have supplemented income" and denied that Tomlinson said households under the cap could or should consider taking a lodger.Tomlinson was Parliamentary Under-Secretary (junior government minister) for Family Support, Housing and Child Maintenance within the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). Tomlinson left government during the cabinet reshuffle on 16 September 2021 and returned to the backbenches. In February 2022 Tomlinson was accused of bullying and sending inappropriate “unprofessional” and “belittling” messages to employees at Conservative Campaign Headquarters (CCHQ). Personal life
Tomlinson announced his engagement to Jo Wheeler in August 2011, having proposed on The Peak, the highest point on Hong Kong Island. The couple married at the House of Commons on 2 June 2012. In July 2016, Tomlinson confirmed that he had divorced his wife and was in a relationship with his office manager, Kate Bennett. They married in October 2018 and have one daughter born in August 2019.Notes

References

External links
Official website

1976 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Councillors in Wiltshire
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
UK MPs 2019–present

masks:
Justin Paul Tomlinson
Tomlinson
Tomlinson
Tomlinson
Tomlinson
Tomlinson


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<mask>Ñol" <mask> (born 12 December 1974), commonly known as <mask>, is a retired Peruvian professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is currently the assistant manager of the Peru national football team, as well as the manager of the Peru Olympic football team. His talents in football range from accurate crosses to accomplished dead-ball skills and he traditionally played either on the right side of midfield, or as a right back during his career. <mask> spent much of his career in the Premier League, where he is generally associated with Newcastle United. He became the first Peruvian to play in the Premier League, and appear in the FA Cup Final. He is considered a cult hero at the Tyneside club, and was also noted for his trumpet playing and formed his own salsa band named The Geordie Latinos. He has described himself as an "adopted Geordie."<mask> is a popular figure in his native Peru, where he is seen as one of the most famous Peruvians, appearing on telephone cards and having his wedding televised live. He played 95 times for the national team between 1994 and 2009. Towards the end of his career, he went into coaching, and was first team coach at non-league side Newcastle Benfield, while contracted to Hartlepool United. He had short spells at Universitario and José Gálvez, and was manager of Internacional de Toronto for a few matches, before the club had its licensing agreement terminated. Since 2015, <mask> has been involved within the national team setup, where he is assistant manager to Ricardo Gareca, and is the manager of the Olympic football team. Early life
Born in Callao, Peru, <mask> was the youngest of seven. His father, Albino, was in the Peru Navy, whilst his mother was a housewife who raised him, his four brothers and two sisters.He began playing football at a very early age in the streets of Callao. <mask> witnessed the Peru national football team qualify for the 1978 FIFA World Cup at the age of three and again qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup at the age of seven. The second World Cup he witnessed had the biggest effect on him. At that time he played a lot of football and his national team inspired him. Club career

Early career

<mask> signed his first professional contract with the Peruvian Primera División side Sporting Cristal in 1992 at the age of 17. He made his league debut on 13 April 1992 in his team's 2–0 win against San Agustín. Towards the end of his first season at Sporting Cristal, he signed a one-year contract with Deportivo Municipal, before returning to Cristal at the end of 1993.He was part of the Sporting Cristal squad of the 1990s during which the club won the Peru Primera División Championships (1994, 1995 and 1996) and reached the finals of the 1997 Copa Libertadores. Along with Roberto Palacios, Flavio Maestri, Julinho and Jorge Soto, he was one of Sporting Cristal's most recognized players of the era. Boca Juniors
In 1997 aged 22 he signed for Argentinian side Boca Juniors where he became a teammate of Diego Maradona, who nicknamed <mask> the 'Maestrito'. <mask> said in 2004 that he would like to play for Boca Juniors again, but admitted he was perhaps too old for the ambition to be realized. Newcastle United

In 1998, <mask> became the first professional Peru-born footballer to play in England when he signed a contract with Newcastle United for £2,480,000. Interest in his first appearance on the field in the black and white shirt for Newcastle reserves was so substantial that the kick off was delayed to accommodate the large crowd, many of whom had been delayed after a lorry had shed its load blocking one of the major routes into the city. <mask> marked the occasion with a goal.His first team debut for Newcastle came in a Premier League match against Chelsea on 22 August 1998, when he came on after 67 minutes as a substitute for goalscorer Andreas Andersson. In June 2001, he signed a new five-year contract with the club. A month later he scored what he later described as "the best goal of [his] career" with a solo effort against 1860 München. During this first spell at Newcastle, he played in the 1999 FA Cup Final. Aston Villa
Solano joined Aston Villa in January 2004 for a fee of £1.5 million and signed a two-and-a-half-year contract with the club. He attributed his leaving Newcastle to a "strained relationship" with manager Bobby Robson. He made his debut in a 5–0 win over Leicester City on 31 January, ended the 2004–05 season as top scorer, and was elected the club's Player of the Year by the supporters, his teammates, and the local press.In what was <mask>'s last appearance for Villa, in August 2005, he was sent off for striking Portsmouth's Richard Hughes in the face. On transfer deadline day, <mask> rejected a late offer to join Liverpool and agreed to return to Newcastle. Return to Newcastle United
<mask> returned to Newcastle United in August 2005 for a fee believed by the BBC to be £1.5 million. He signed a contract originally for two years, but with the option for Newcastle to extend it for another year. Midfielder James Milner went in the other direction, joining Aston Villa on a season-long loan. <mask> revealed that Alan Shearer had played an influential role in arranging his return. In the 2006–07 season, injuries to right-back Stephen Carr and others caused manager Glenn Roeder to play <mask> at right-back instead of his usual right-wing position.However it was not an unfamiliar playing position to <mask>, as he had started his football career in defence and had featured at right-back for his country. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, <mask> said he would be "crazy" to move on at the age of 32, and duly signed a new one-year contract. However a few months later, he asked to leave the club to be closer to his family, who had moved to London. His one regret was that he had been unable to help the club win a trophy for the fans. West Ham United

<mask> signed a one-year contract with West Ham United in August 2007. He made his debut for West Ham in October 2007, coming on as a second-half substitute in the 3–1 home win against Sunderland, and was instrumental in West Ham's second goal, his shot being deflected into the Sunderland goal by goalkeeper, Craig Gordon. His first goal for West Ham was a free-kick and the fifth goal in West Ham's 5–0 away win against Derby County on 10 November 2007.In the last game of the season on 11 May 2008 <mask> scored his second free-kick goal, against Aston Villa, the match ended 2–2. He was released by West Ham when his contract expired at the end of the 2007–08 season having scored four goals in 23 appearances. Larissa and Universitario
Although <mask> Lima in the play-off for the Peruvian Primera División title, helping the team to a 2–0 aggregate victory to seal the club's 25th league title. Leicester City

<mask> returned to England, where he trained with Colchester United and with Newcastle, before, on 22 January 2010, signing for Leicester City until the end of the season. He was reunited with Nigel Pearson, who had been assistant manager at Newcastle. He made his debut as an 84th-minute substitute in a goalless draw against Newcastle at the Walkers Stadium on 30 January, to an enthusiastic reception from both sets of fans.He played his first full game in a 1–0 win over Crystal Palace on 16 March. <mask> played eleven league games, scoring in a 4–3 penalty shootout defeat to Cardiff City in the Championship play-off semi-final second leg. He was offered a contract for a further six months, but chose to leave the club, preferring to follow Pearson to Hull City. Hull City
<mask> rejoined former Foxes' boss Nigel Pearson, who had recently taken over the manager's job at Hull City, signing a one-year deal. Despite initial expectations that <mask> would be with Hull City for only a single season before retiring, <mask> revealed in April 2011, that he hoped that he would be able to extend his stay with the Tigers beyond the 2010–11 season, by combining a playing and coaching role, as Nick Barmby had done. Hartlepool United
It was announced on 13 May 2011 that <mask> had signed for Hartlepool United, having previously worked with their manager Mick Wadsworth at Newcastle. <mask>, on the first day of signing, promoted the idea of Are You Coming To Pools?with Hartlepool United selling season tickets for £100, the lowest price in Football League One. On 2 August, <mask> scored in a friendly against Sunderland, rivals of his former club Newcastle United, and scored his first league goal for Hartlepool on 17 September at home against Bury. The following week, <mask> doubled his Hartlepool tally by scoring their first goal direct from a free-kick in the 2–1 away win at AFC Bournemouth. Following Wadsworth's sacking, his successor, first-team coach Neale Cooper, confirmed that <mask> was not part of his plans, because he needed "players who will really graft, [and] that's not Nobby's game". In April 2012, the club confirmed <mask> had been advised not to play for the remainder of the season because of recurring illness. In February 2012, he became first-team coach at Northern League side Newcastle Benfield while remaining a member of Hartlepool's playing squad. International career
<mask> made his full international debut for Peru at the age of 18, and went on to be capped 95 times, scoring 20 goals.He has been a key member of the squad since the mid-1990s but, in June 2005, <mask> decided to quit the Peru national football team due to disagreements with the coach, Freddy Ternero. In 2006, he returned to the national team setup under new coach Franco Navarro. Despite his return to the national team, <mask> was not selected for Peru's Copa America 2007 squad. He continued to represent the national team thereafter, but with his country having no chance at all of qualifying for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, he announced his decision to retire from international football after World Cup Qualifiers against Argentina and Bolivia. <mask> has also stated his desire to try and guide his country to the World Cup as a coach in the near future to try to make up for never making it as a player. Managerial career
<mask> took the first step into coaching as the part-time first-team coach of Newcastle Benfield in 2012. In June 2012, he was confirmed as manager of Peruvian Primera División club Universitario de Deportes.On 12 December, Universitario confirmed that <mask> had left the club, despite the fact he guided the club into the top half of the table after being in the relegation zone when he first took charge. In 2014, he became the head coach of Canadian club Internacional de Toronto in League1 Ontario. However, on 22 July, the club had its licensing agreement terminated due to issues regarding the payment of player salaries, ending his tenure. , <mask> is a technical assistant to Ricardo Gareca with the Peru national team, and taking charge as coach of the U-23 team. Personal life
In March 2020, <mask> was arrested in Peru for breaking the mandatory curfew during the 2020 coronavirus. Career statistics

Club

Managerial statistics

Honours

Club

Sporting Cristal
Peruvian First Division: 1994, 1995, 1996
Copa Libertadores Runner-up: 1997

Newcastle United
 UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2006

Universitario de Deportes
Peruvian First Division: 2009

International
Peru
 Kirin Cup: 1999, 2005

Individual
 Peruvian Player of the Year: 1992
 America's Ideal Team of the Year: 1997
 South American Player of the Year: 1997 (2nd place)

References

External links

Player site

International statistics at rsssf

1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Callao
Peruvian Roman Catholics
Association football wingers
Peruvian footballers
Peru international footballers
Sporting Cristal footballers
Deportivo Municipal footballers
Boca Juniors footballers
Newcastle United F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C.players
West Ham United F.C. players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
Club Universitario de Deportes footballers
Leicester City F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Peruvian Primera División players
Argentine Primera División players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Super League Greece players
Peruvian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Peruvian expatriate sportspeople in England
Peruvian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
1995 Copa América players
1999 Copa América players
2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2004 Copa América players
Peruvian trumpeters
Peruvian football managers
Peruvian Primera División managers
Club Universitario de Deportes managers
José Gálvez FBC managers
21st-century trumpeters
FA Cup Final players

masks:
Nolberto Albino "
Solano Todco
Nobby Solano
Solano
Solano
Solano
Solano
Solano
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Solano
Solano
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Solano
Solano
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Solanoanza
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Solano
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Solano
Solano
Solano
Solano
Solano
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<mask> (born 1961) is an Israeli film producer, the founder of Vice Versa Films. Education and early career

Avivi holds a Master's degree in Cinema Studies from New York University and a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Film and Television from Tel Aviv University. Avivi was the Head of the Music Department and a music programmer at the IDF radio station. Concurrently, Avivi was the popular music critic for the weekly magazine Ha'ir from 1983 to 1987 and the daily newspaper Haaretz from 1994 to 2006. Film and TV Career

Between 1994 and 1998 Avivi created (with Yoav Kutner, Ami Amir, Arik Bernstein and Gabriel Bibliowicz) a comprehensive 12-part documentary series about the history of Israeli rock music, “Sof Onat Hatapuzim” ("End of the Orange Season"). In 2006 Avivi produced two documentary films: Bekummernis (with Ido Sela) and The Cahana Sisters (with Amir Harel and Gilad Melzer). In 2008 Avivi produced (with Yael Biron and Dror Nahum) a documentary about Ehud Banai and The Refugees - On The Move.In 2011 Avivi founded Vice Versa Films, a production house for feature films, short films and TV series. Film Festivals

Since 2016 Avivi is the Artistic Consultant of Solidarity International Human Rights Film Festival, Tel Aviv. The fourth edition of Solidarity Festival took place in April 2016 at the Tel Aviv Cinematheque. The fifth edition of the festival took place in  May 2017. The opening night film was "The Unknown Girl" directed by the Dardenne Brothers . The lineup included documentaries, including "Speed Sisters" and narrative films including "Junction 48". In 2009, Avivi, with Micky Laron, founded EPOS, an annual event based at Tel Aviv Museum of Art.Avivi was the Festival Director till 2015. In its inaugural year, the festival guests were Ben Lewis, Sheila Hayman and Rene Letzgus. In 2010 EPOS 2 guests were Percy Adlon, Galina Eevtushenko, Lionel Guedj, Yony Leyser, Tom Magill, Sam McClean, Sergey Ovcharov, Tony Palmer, Viktoria Petranyi, Kathie Russo, Helma Sanders-Brahms, and Lucy Walker. EPOS 3 took place in 2012, and some of its films were also shown in Jerusalem, Haifa, and Beit She'an. The festival included a musical tribute to Dave Brubeck by his son, Darius Brubeck, after a screening of a documentary film by Clint Eastwood about the great jazz pianist. Among the festival's guests were Arantxa Aguirre, John Bridcut, Kevin Hood, Lech Majewski, Agnes Sos, Iwan Schumacher, Philipp Stölzl and Wiktoria Szymanska. EPOS 4 took place in 2013, with additional screenings of its films in various venues in Israel.The opening film of the festival was 'Yossi Banai – A Farewell Album', In addition to the film screenings, the festival hosted cultural and musical events. "Imagination at Work", a new exhibition by Harun Farocki, who was the festival's guest, opened at Tel Aviv Museum of Art during the festival. The premiere of "The Composer's Cut", a new concert of Jonathan Bar Giora, closed EPOS 4. EPOS 5, a 10-day extended edition of the festival, took place  in 2014. The opening night film was "Mafriah ha-yonim" ("Farewell Baghdad), directed by Nissim Dayan. Filmography
2017
 Ron Arad - Not Without White Gloves. Director: Avida Livny; a documentary that focuses on a year in the life of Ron Arad, the world-renowned artist, industrial designer, and architect, as he develops, creates, and exhibits his installations and art works in Jerusalem, Venice, Groningen, London, Holon and Tel Aviv.The premiere of the film took place at Docaviv  – Tel Aviv International Documentary Film Festival. A Night With No Dawn. Director: Sara Bozakov; a 21-minute short narrative film about a night in the life of five asylum seekers from Sudan, who are on their way to be imprisoned in the Holot Detention facility near the Israel-Egypt border. The premiere took place at the Tel Aviv International Student Film Festival , and the film was given the "Best Film" award in the Israeli Competition. 2016
 Freedom Runners (Original title: Ratsim Lahofesh). Director: David Wachsmann; a 50-minute documentary about a high school teacher that founds a running team for his students, African refugees and asylum seekers, who live in south Tel Aviv. The international premiere of the film took place at Woodstock Film Festival.The Ambassador's Wife (Original title: Eshet Hashagrir). Director: Dina Zvi-Riklis; a 40-minute drama based on a screenplay and story by Alma Ganihar, starring Ester Rada as the wife of an Eritrean Ambassador who must flee her country and find refuge in south Tel Aviv. With Yehezkel Lazarov. The Israeli premiere screening of the film took place at Haifa Film Festival. Jihad Now (Original title: Jihad Akhshav). Directors: Anna Somershaf and Henrique Cymerman; a 4-hour series presented by Henrique Cymerman about Global Jihad, from the formation of al-Qaeda to the European migrant crisis and the fight against ISIS. The series was nominated for the Israel Filmmakers Documentary Forum award.2014
Never Turn Your Back on Sparks (Original title: Leolam Beikvot Sparks). Director: Pini Schatz; a documentary comedy about fans of the "coolest underrated rock band in the world": Sparks. East Jerusalem/West Jerusalem (Hebrew title: Mizrah Yerushalayim / Maarav Yerushalayim). Directors: Henrique Cymerman and Erez Miller; an award-winning feature-length documentary about a David Broza project that was recorded during 8 days and nights in a Palestinian studio in Sheikh Jarrah with a band consisting of Jewish and Arab musicians. With Steve Earle and Mira Awad. The film was acquired for world distribution by Film Movement and can be seen worldwide on Netflix. 2013
Not Your Life (Original title: Lo Ha-Hayim Shelakh; Working title: Gora).Director: Tal Shefi; a documentary that focuses on life choices and their meaning for the director and her daughter,a half-Nepalese-half Israeli girl, who grows up in Goa. 2012
Chicken Soup with Knives (Original title: Merak Of Im Sakinim; Working title: This is Not a Holocaust Film). Director: Leora Eisenstein; a documentary about the filmmaker's investigative journey with her sister to Lviv, her family's hometown before World War II. 2011
Looking for Moshe Guez (Original title: Le'an Ne'elam Moshe Guez). Director: Avida Livny; a documentary about the filmmaker's search for the Israeli director Moshe Guez and his rarely seen feature film, The Angel was a Devil. Running Movie (Original title: Seret Ratz). Director: Omer Peled; a documentary about the Israeli long-distance runner Seteng Ayele (AKA Haile Satayin), the oldest marathon runner in the 2008 Summer Olympic in Beijing and his efforts to compete at the age of 55, in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.2008
On the Move (Original title: Hayav Lazuz). Director: Avida Livny; a film about courage, friendship and rock and roll, about Ehud Banai and Yossi Elephant, about the Israeli rock band "The Refugees", and especially about the passion for doing the right thing. 2006
The Cahana Sisters (Original title: Haahayot Cahana). Director: Gilad Melzer; a group portrait and dramatic life journey of four sisters who had survived the death camps together during the Holocaust. Bekummernis. Director: Ido Sela; a personal documentary about the director's visit to kibbutz Kfar HaNassi - a magical childhood landscape that turns into a scene of crime. 1998
End of the Orange Season (Original title: Sof Onat Hatapuzim); an in-depth 12-part documentary series that explores the story of Israeli rock music from the 1960s to the 1990s.References

External links

 Vice Versa Films Official Website
 Vice Versa Films Official Facebook Page
 On The Move -  Official Website
 EPOS-The International Art Film Festival - Official Website

Israeli film producers
Documentary film producers
Living people
1961 births
Tel Aviv University alumni
New York University alumni


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<mask>, FRS (5 January 1782 – 1 August 1834), was an Anglo-Scottish Protestant missionary to Portuguese Macao, Qing-era Guangdong, and Dutch Malacca, who was also a pioneering sinologist, lexicographer, and translator considered the "Father of Anglo-Chinese Literature". <mask>, a Presbyterian preacher, is most notable for his work in China. After twenty-five years of work he translated the whole Bible into the Chinese language and baptized ten Chinese believers, including Cai Gao, Liang Fa, and Wat Ngong. <mask> pioneered the translation of the Bible into Chinese and planned for the distribution of the Scriptures as broadly as possible, unlike the previous Roman Catholic translation work that had never been published. <mask> cooperated with such contemporary missionaries as Walter Henry Medhurst and William Milne (the printers), Samuel Dyer (Hudson Taylor's father-in-law), Karl Gützlaff (the Prussian linguist), and Peter Parker (China's first medical missionary). He served for 27 years in China with one furlough home to England. The only missionary efforts in China were restricted to Guangzhou (Canton) and Macau at this time.They concentrated on literature distribution among members of the merchant class, gained a few converts, and laid the foundations for more educational and medical work that would significantly impact the culture and history of the most populous nation on earth. However, when <mask> was asked shortly after his arrival in China if he expected to have any spiritual impact on the Chinese, he answered, "No sir, but I expect God will!" Life

Early life

<mask> was born on 5 January 1782 in Bullers Green, near Morpeth, Northumberland, England. He was the son of <mask>, a Scottish farm laborer and Hannah Nicholson, an English woman, who were both active members of the Church of Scotland. They were married in 1768. <mask> was the youngest son of eight children. At age three, <mask> and his family moved to Newcastle where his father found more prosperous work in the shoe trade.<mask>'s parents were devout Christians and raised their children to know the Bible and the Westminster Shorter Catechism according to Presbyterian ideals. At the age of 12 he recited the entire 119th Psalm (176 verses long) from memory in front of his pastor without a single mistake. John Wesley was still alive and many foreign mission agencies were being formed during this period of the Evangelical Revival. In 1796, young <mask> followed his uncle James Nicholson into apprenticeship and later joined the Presbyterian church in 1798. By age 14 <mask> left school and was apprenticed to his father's business. For a couple of years he kept company in disregard of his Christian upbringing and fell occasionally into drunkenness. However, this behavior soon ended.In <mask>'s own words

When <mask> was at work at his father's business he was employed at manual labour for twelve or fourteen hours a day; yet he seldom omitted to find time for one or two hours of reading and meditation. He read and re-read frequently those few books he was able to obtain. The diary, which he began to keep very early in his life, shows that he did much self-introspection; his earnestness was clearly intense, and his sense of his own shortcomings continued to be remarkably vivid. Soon he wanted to become a missionary and in 1801, he started learning Latin, Greek Hebrew as well as systematic theology and shorthand from the Rev. W. Laidler, a Presbyterian minister in Newcastle, but his parents were opposed to his new vocation. During this period, <mask> often spent free time in the garden in quiet meditation and prayer. At work, the Bible or some other book such as Matthew Henry's Commentary was open before him while his hands were busy.He regularly attended church on Sundays, visited the sick with the "Friendless Poor and Sick Society", and in his spare time during the week instructed poor children. He shared his faith in Christ with another young apprentice and to a sailor, showing a deep concern for the conversion of friends and family. On 7 January 1803 he entered the Hoxton Academy in London and was trained as Congregationalist minister. He visited the poor and sick and preached in the villages around London. By the age of 17 <mask> had been moved reading about the new missionary movement in The Evangelical Magazine and The Missionary Magazine. However, he had promised his mother he would not go abroad so long as she lived and was present to care for her during her last illness, when he received her blessing to proceed. Preparing to be a missionary
After his mother's death in 1804, he joined the London Missionary Society.He had applied to the Society in a letter dated 27 May 1804, offering himself for missionary service. The next day he was interviewed by the board and accepted at once without a second interview. The next year, he went to David Bogue's Academy in Gosport (near Portsmouth) for further training. For a while he was torn between Timbuktu in Africa and China as possible fields of service. His prayer was:

In 1798, just when the young <mask> had been converted, the Rev. William Willis Moseley of Northamptonshire issued a letter urging "the establishment of a society for translating the Holy Scriptures into the languages of the populous oriental nations." He came across a manuscript of most of the New Testament translated into Chinese (probably by earlier Jesuit missionaries) in the British Museum.He immediately printed 100 copies of a further tract "on the importance of translating and publishing the Holy Scriptures into the Chinese language." Copies were sent to all the Church of England bishops and the new mission agencies. Most gave discouraging replies, giving such reasons as the cost and "utter impossibility" of spreading the books inside China. But a copy reached Dr. Bogue, the head of the Hoxton Academy. He replied that if he had been younger he would have "devoted the rest of his days to the propagation of the gospel in China". Dr. Bogue promised to look out for suitable missionary candidates for China. He chose <mask> who soon after turned his attention away from Africa and focused entirely on China.<mask> wrote to a friend urging him to become his colleague in his new work,

He returned to London and studied medicine with Dr. Blair at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and astronomy with Dr. Hutton at the Greenwich Observatory. After the decision of the Directors as to his destination, <mask> had most diligently and laboriously pursued the study of Chinese. He learned the Chinese language from a student that he shared lodgings with, called Yong Sam-tak from Canton City. At first they did not get on well together. <mask> absent-mindedly burned a piece of paper with some Chinese characters on it – and infuriated the superstitions of his Chinese mentor, who left for three days. From that time on, <mask> wrote his characters on a piece of tin that could be erased. They continued to work together and studied an early Chinese translation of Gospels named Evangelia Quatuor Sinice which was probably written by a Jesuit, as well as a hand-written Latin-Chinese dictionary.Yong Sam-tak eventually joined him in family worship. In this way <mask> made considerable progress in speaking and writing one of the most difficult of languages for an English-speaking person to learn. The hope of the Directors was that, first of all, <mask> would master the ordinary speech of the people, and so be able to compile a dictionary, and perhaps make a translation of the Scriptures for the benefit of all future missionaries. To accomplish this, it was first of all necessary to get a footing on Chinese soil, and not hopelessly offend the Chinese authorities. At this time, dealings of foreigners with the people, except for purposes of trade, was absolutely forbidden. Every foreigner was strictly interrogated on landing as to what his business might be; the price for giving the wrong answers might be unceremonious return on the next vessel. <mask> was aware of the dangers.He traveled to visit his family and bid them farewell in July 1806, preaching 13 times in London, Edinburgh and Glasgow. Early missionary work
<mask> was ordained in London on 8 January 1807 at the Scotch church and was eager to go to China. On 31 January, he sailed first to America. The fact that the policy of the East India Company was not to carry missionaries, and that there were no other ships available that were bound for China, forced him to stop first in New York City. <mask> spent nearly a month in the United States . He was very anxious to secure the good offices of the American Consul at Canton (Guangzhou), as it was well known that he would need the influence of someone in authority, if he was to be permitted to stay in China. The promise of protection was made from the United States consul, and on 12 May, he boarded a second vessel, the Trident, bound for Macau.The Trident arrived in Macau on 4 September 1807 after 113 days at sea. The first move of the newcomer was to present his letters of introduction to some leading Englishmen and Americans, in Macau and Canton. He was kindly received, but he needed a bold heart to bear up, without discouragement, under their frank announcement of the apparently hopeless obstacles in the way of the accomplishment of his mission. George Thomas Staunton discouraged him from the idea of being a missionary in China. First of all, Chinamen were forbidden by the Government to teach the language to anyone, under penalty of death. Secondly, no one could remain in China except for purposes of trade. Thirdly, the Roman Catholic missionaries at Macau, who were protected by the Portuguese, would be bitterly hostile, and stir up the people against a Protestant missionary.On 7 September, he was expelled by the Roman Catholic authorities in Macau and went to the Thirteen Factories outside Canton City. The chief of the American factory at Canton offered the missionary for the present a room in his house; and there he was most thankful to establish himself, and think over the situation. Shortly afterwards he made an arrangement for three months, with another American gentleman, to live at his factory. He effectively passed himself off as an American. The Chinese, he found, did not dislike and suspect Americans as much as they did the English. Still <mask>'s presence did excite suspicions, and he could not leave his Chinese books about, lest it should be supposed that his object was to master the language. Certain Roman Catholic natives such as Abel Yun were found willing to impart to him as much of the Mandarin Chinese as they could but he soon found that the knowledge of this did not enable him to understand, or make himself understood by, the common people; and he had not come to China simply to translate the Scriptures into the speech of a comparatively small aristocratic class.During these early months his trials and discouragements were great. He had to live in almost complete seclusion. He was afraid of being seen abroad. His Chinese servants cheated him. The man who undertook to teach him demanded extortionate sums. Another bought him a few Chinese books, and robbed him handsomely in the transaction. <mask> was alarmed at his expenditure.He tried living in one room, until he had severe warnings that fever would be the outcome. His utter loneliness oppressed him. The prospect seemed cheerless in the extreme. At first <mask> conformed as exactly as he could to Chinese manners. He tried to live on Chinese food, and became an adept with the chopsticks. He allowed his nails to grow long, and cultivated a queue. Milne noted that "[h]e walked about the Hong with a Chinese frock on, and with thick Chinese shoes".In time he came to think this was a mistaken policy. So far as the food was concerned, he could not live on it in health; and as for the dress, it only served to render him the more unusual, and to attract attention where he was anxious to avoid publicity. A foreigner dressed up in Chinese clothes excited suspicions, as one who was endeavoring by stealth to insinuate himself into Chinese society, so as to introduce his contraband religion surreptitiously. Under these circumstances <mask> resumed the European manners of the Americans and English. <mask>'s position was menaced by political troubles. One move in the war with France, which England was waging at this time, was that an English squadron bore down on Macau, to prevent the French from striking a blow at English trade. This action was resented by the Chinese authorities at Guangzhou, and reprisals were threatened on the English residents there.Panic prevailed. The English families had to take refuge on ships, and make their way to Macau. Among them came <mask>, with his precious luggage of manuscripts and books. The political difficulty soon passed, and the squadron left; but the Chinese were even more intensely suspicious of the "foreigner" than before. East India Company
<mask> fell ill and returned to Macau on 1 June 1808. Fortunately he had mastered Mandarin and Cantonese during this period. <mask> was miserably housed at Macau.It was with difficulty he induced anyone to take him in. He paid an exorbitant price for a miserable top-floor room, and had not been long in it before the roof fell in with a crash. Even then he would have stayed on, when some sort of covering had been patched up, but his landlord raised his rent by one-third, and he was forced to go out again into the streets. Still he struggled on, laboring at his Chinese dictionary, and even in his private prayers pouring out his soul to God in broken Chinese, that he might master the native tongue. So much of a recluse had he become, through fear of being ordered away by the authorities, that his health greatly suffered, and he could only walk across his narrow room with difficulty. But he toiled on. <mask> strove to establish relations between himself and the people.He attempted to teach three Chinese boys who lived on the streets in an attempt to help both them and his own language skills. However, they treated him maliciously and he was forced to let them go. In 1809, he met 17-year-old Mary Morton and married her on 20 February that year in Macau. They had three children: <mask> (b. 5 March 1811, died

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Robert Morrison
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 on the same day), Mary Rebecca <mask> (1812–1902), and <mask> <mask> (b. 17 April 1814). <mask> died of cholera on 10 June 1821 and is buried in the Old Protestant Cemetery in Macau.On the day of their marriage <mask> was appointed translator to the East India Company with a salary of £500 a year. He returned to Guangzhou alone since foreign women were not allowed to reside there. This post afforded him, what most he needed, some real security that he would be allowed to continue at his work. He had now a definite commercial appointment, and it was one which in no way hindered the prosecution of the mission, which always stood first in his thoughts. The daily work of translation for the company assisted him in gaining familiarity with the language, and increased his opportunities for intercourse with the Chinese. He could now go about more freely and fearlessly. Already his mastery of the Chinese tongue was admitted by those shrewd businessmen, who perceived its value for their own commercial negotiations.The sea between Macau and Canton was full of pirates, and the <mask>s had to make many anxious voyages. Sometimes the cry of alarm would be raised even in Guangzhou, as the pirate raids came within a few miles of the city; and the authorities were largely helpless. The perils of their position, as well as its solitude, seem to have greatly and painfully affected Mary. She was affected by unhealthy anxiety. There was no society at Guangzhou that was congenial to them. The English and American residents were kind, but had little sympathy with their work, or belief in it. The Chinese demurred about burial of their first child.Very sorrowfully <mask> had to superintend his interment on a mountainside. At that time his wife was dangerously ill. All his comrades at the company's office thought him a fool. His Chinese so-called assistants robbed him. Letters from England came but seldom. The Chinese grammar was finished in 1812, and sent to Bengal for printing, and heard no more of for three anxious, weary years for <mask>. But it was highly approved and well printed, and it was a pivotal piece of work done towards enabling England and America to understand China. <mask> went on to print a tract and a catechism.He translated the book of Acts into Chinese, and was overcharged to the extent of thirty pounds for the printing of a thousand copies. Then <mask> translated the Gospel of Luke, and printed it. The Roman Catholic bishop at Macau, on obtaining a copy of this latter production, ordered it to be burned as a heretical book. So to the common people it must have appeared that one set of Christians existed to destroy what the other set produced. The facts did not look favorable for the prosperity of Christianity in China. The machinery of the Chinese criminal tribunal was set in motion when the Chinese authorities read some of his printed works. <mask> was first made aware of the coming storm by the publication of an edict, directed against him and all Europeans who sought to undermine Chinese religion.Under this edict, to print and publish Christian books in Chinese was declared a capital crime. The author of any such work was warned that he would subject himself to the penalty of death. All his assistants would render themselves liable to various severe forms of punishment. The mandarins and all magistrates were enjoined to act with energy in bringing to judgment any who might be guilty of contravening this edict. <mask> forwarded a translation of this famous proclamation to England, at the same time announcing to the Directors that he purposed to go quietly and resolutely forward. For himself, indeed, he does not seem to have been afraid. Undoubtedly his position under the East India Company was a great protection to him; and a grammar and dictionary were not distinctively Christian publications.But the Directors were even then sending out to join him the Rev. William Milne and his wife, and <mask> knew that this edict would make any attempt of another missionary to settle at Guangzhou exceedingly hazardous and difficult. On 4 July 1813, at about three o'clock in the afternoon, it being the first Sunday in the month, Mr. and Mrs. <mask> were sitting down together to the "Lord's Supper" at Macau. Just as they were about to begin their simple service, a note was brought to them to say that Mr. and Mrs. William Milne had landed. <mask> used all his influence with those in whose hands the decision lay as to whether Milne should be allowed to remain. Five days after the newcomers had arrived, a sergeant was sent from the Governor to <mask>'s house, who summoned him. The decision was short and stern: Milne must leave in eight days.Not only had the Chinese vehemently opposed his settlement, but the Roman Catholics were behind them in urging that he be sent away. From the English residents at Macau, <mask> received no assistance either for they feared lest, if any complications arose through <mask>, their commercial interests might be prejudiced. For the present Mr. and Mrs. Milne went on to Guangzhou, where the <mask>s followed them and soon both families were established in that city, waiting the next move of the authorities. <mask> spent this time assisting Milne to learn to speak Chinese. In 1820, <mask> met the American businessman David Olyphant in Canton, which marked the start of a long friendship between the two men and resulted in Olyphant naming his son <mask> Olyphant. Return to England

In 1822 <mask> visited Malacca and Singapore, returning to England in 1824. The University of Glasgow had made him a Doctor of Divinity in 1817.Upon his return to England, <mask> was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He brought a large library of Chinese books to England, which were donated to the London University College. <mask> began The Language Institution in Bartlett's Buildings in Holborn, London during his stay there, to teach missionaries. The years 1824 and 1825 were spent by <mask> in England, where he presented his Chinese Bible to King George IV, and was received by all classes with great demonstrations of respect. He busied himself in teaching Chinese to classes of English gentlemen and English ladies, and in stirring up interest and sympathy on behalf of China. Before returning to his missionary labours he was married again, in November 1824 to Eliza Armstrong, with whom he had five more children. The new Mrs. <mask> and the children of his first marriage returned with him to China in 1826.An incident of the voyage will illustrate the perils of those days, as well as <mask>'s fortitude. After a terrible spell of storm, the passengers were alarmed to hear the clanking of swords and the explosion of firearms. They soon learned that a mutiny had broken out among the seamen, who were wretchedly paid, and who had taken possession of the forepart of the vessel, with the intention of turning the cannon there against the officers of the ship. It was a critical moment. At the height of the alarm, <mask> calmly walked forward among the mutineers, and, after some earnest words of persuasion, induced the majority of them to return to their places; the remainder were easily captured, flogged, and put in irons. At Singapore, <mask> was confronted with fresh trials. The Singapore Institution, now Raffles Institution, which has one House named after him, had been in process of formation there, on his departure for England, similar to the college at Malacca.Little progress had been made with it. A new governor manifested less interest, and <mask> had not been present to see that the work went on. After a stay here for purposes of organization, the missionary and his family went on to Macau, and subsequently <mask> proceeded to Guangzhou, where he found that his property had been also neglected in his absence. Final days in China

Together the <mask>s returned to China in 1826. Changes in the East India Company had brought him into contact with new officials, some of whom had not the slightest respect for the calling of the missionary, and were inclined to assume a high hand, until <mask>'s threat to resign induced a more respectful temper. The relations, too, between British traders and the Chinese officials were daily becoming more strained. <mask> strongly disapproved of much of the correspondence which it fell to his lot to conduct with the Chinese mandarins.<mask>'s time in China would preclude the outbreak of the First Opium War between Great Britain and China; during his time in Southern China, <mask> observed the growing tensions in the region. Noting the "officiousness and tyranny" of the Chinese mandarins as being hard to bear, <mask> also criticized the conduct of British traders, which threatened the activities of Christian missionaries in China. He would note that the activities of foreign traders were prioritized over that of the missionaries. On <mask>'s visit to England, he had been able to leave a Chinese native teacher, Liang Fa, one of Milne's converts, to carry on what work he could among the people. This man had already endured much for his faith, and he proved entirely consistent and earnest during the long period of <mask>'s absence. Other native Christians were baptized; and the little Church grew, while at the same time it was well known that many believed in secret, who did not dare to challenge persecution and ostracism by public confession. American missionaries were sent to help <mask>, and more Christian publications were issued.<mask> welcomed the arrival of the Americans, because they could conduct the service for English residents, and set him free to preach and talk to the Chinese who could be gathered together to listen to the Gospel. In 1832 <mask> could write:

The Roman Catholic bishop rose against <mask> in 1833, leading to the suppression of his presses in Macau and removing his preferred method of spreading knowledge of Christ. His native agents, however, continued to circulate publications that had already been printed. During this period <mask> also contributed to Karl Gützlaff's Eastern Western Monthly Magazine, a publication aimed at improving Sino-Western understanding. In 1834 the monopoly of the East India Company on trade with China ended. <mask>'s position with the company was abolished and his means of sustenance ceased. He was subsequently appointed Government translator under Lord Napier, but only held the position for a few days.<mask> prepared his last sermon in June 1834 on the text, "In my Father's house are many mansions." He was entering his last illness, and his solitude was great, for his wife and family had been ordered to England. On 1 August the pioneer Protestant missionary to China died. He died at his residence: Number six at the Danish Hong in Canton (Guangzhou) at the age of 52 in his son's arms. The following day, his remains were removed to Macau, and buried in the Old Protestant Cemetery on 5 August next to his first wife and child. He left a family of six surviving children, two by his first wife, and four by his second. His only daughter, Mary Rebecca (1812–1902), was married in 1847 to Benjamin Hobson, a medical missionary.Epitaph

<mask> was buried in the Old Protestant Cemetery in Macau. The inscription on his marker reads:

Legacy and honours
<mask> had amassed "the most comprehensive library of Chinese literature in Europe" which formed the core of his The Language Institution in Bartlett's Building, London. His widow put all 900 books up for sale in 1837 for £2,000. The Morrison Hill district of Hong Kong and its adjoining road, Morrison Hill Road, are named for <mask> as was the Morrison School erected upon it by the Morrison Education Society and completed shortly before <mask>'s death in 1843. The Morrison Hill Swimming Pool at the centre of the former hill is a present public swimming pool in Hong Kong. The University of Hong Kong's Morrison Hall, first established in 1913 as a "Christian hostel for Chinese students", was named for <mask> by its patrons, the London Missionary Society. <mask> House in YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College, which was founded by YMCA of Hong Kong, was named in commemoration of <mask>.Morrison House in Raffles Institution, which was founded by Sir Stamford Raffles, was also named in commemoration of <mask>. Morrison Building is a declared monument of Hong Kong. It was the oldest building in the Hoh Fuk Tong Centre located at Castle Peak Road, San Hui, Tuen Mun, the New Territories. Morrison Academy is an international Christian school founded in Taichung, Taiwan. Work

Missionary work
<mask> produced a Chinese translation of the Bible. He also compiled a Chinese dictionary for the use of Westerners. The Bible translation took twelve years and the compilation of the dictionary, sixteen years.During this period, in 1815, he left the employment of the East India Company. By the end of the year 1813, the whole of the New Testament translation was completed and printed. The translator never claimed that it was perfect. On the contrary, he readily conceded its defects. But he claimed for it that it was a translation of the New Testament into no stilted, scholastic dialect, but into the genuine colloquial speech of the Chinese. The possession of a large number of printed copies led the two missionaries to devise a scheme for their wide and effective distribution. At this time several parts of the Malay Peninsula were under English protection.English Governors were resident, and consequently it seemed a promising field for the establishment of a mission station. The station would be within reach of the Chinese coast, and Chinese missionaries might be trained there whose entrance into China would not excite the same suspicions that attached to the movements of English people. The two places specially thought of were the island of Java, and Malacca on the Malay Peninsula. It was well known that many thousands of Chinese were scattered through these parts, and Milne traveled around surveying the country, and distributing tracts and Testaments as opportunity offered. The object of the two missionaries was now to select some quiet spot where, under protection, the printing press might be established, and Chinese missionaries trained. Malacca had this advantage, that it lay between India and

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John Robert
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