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<mask> () was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist. Born in 850 CE in Shamistiyan, in the province of Balkh, Khorasan (in modern-day Afghanistan), he was a disciple of al-Kindi. He was also the founder the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. Al-Balkhi is believed to have been the first to diagnose that mental illness can have psychological and physiological causes and he was the first to typify four types of emotional disorders: 1) fear and anxiety, 2) anger and aggression, 3) sadness and depression, and 4) obsessions

Biography
According to <mask>aziri, who was a student of the polymath, <mask>-Balkhi was a man whose face was covered in scars that he acquired following a bout with smallpox. In addition to this, he had a reserved and isolated character, leading scholars to have a lack of knowledge on his personal life. Approximately around the time of al-Kindi's death, he traveled to Baghdad, where he spent close to a decade studying several subjects including philosophy, astronomy, natural sciences, and the disciplines of the Quran. Shortly after this, he went back to Balkh.There, Prince Ahmad ibn Sahl ibn Hashim al-Marwazi, the ruler of Balkh and its surroundings, appointed him as secretary or writer. In reality, he was offered both a writing and a ministerial position by the emperor. Al-Balkh, on the other hand, declined the latter and accepted the former. The king respected his decision and rewarded him handsomely. Sometime after this, he traveled to Baghdad again, before returning to Balkh for the last time and staying there up until his death. Works
Of the many books ascribed to him in the al-Fihrist by Ibn al-Nadim, one can note the excellency of mathematics; on certitude in astrology. His Figures of the Climates (Suwar al-aqalim) consisted chiefly of geographical maps.He also wrote the medical and psychological work, Masalih al-Abdan wa al-Anfus (Sustenance for Body and Soul). A modern scholar describes the bulk of his works as "more than sixty books and manuscripts, meticulously researching disciplines as varied in scope as geography, medicine, theology, politics, philosophy, poetry, literature, Arabic grammar, astrology, astronomy, mathematics, biography, ethics, sociology as well as others." Figures of the Regions
His Figures of the Regions (Suwar al-aqalim) consisted chiefly of geographical maps. It led to him founding the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. The geographers of this school also wrote extensively of the peoples, products, and customs of areas in the Muslim world, with little interest in the non-Muslim realms. Sustenance for Body and Soul

Principles of Interaction
His balance between technical terminology and common ethical sense could be found in his monograph where he talks about the interaction between the elements of the body, seasons, and the traditional "non-natural" health elements, such as food and sleep. Mental health and mental illness
In Islamic psychology, the concepts of mental health and "mental hygiene" were introduced by <mask> al-Balkhi, who often related it to spiritual health.In his Masalih al-Abdan wa al-Anfus (Sustenance for Body and Soul), he was the first to successfully discuss diseases related to both the body and the soul. He used the term al-Tibb al-Ruhani to describe spiritual and psychological health, and the term Tibb al-Qalb to describe mental medicine. He criticized many medical doctors in his time for placing too much emphasis on physical illnesses and neglecting the psychological or mental illnesses of patients, and argued that "since man’s construction
is from both his soul and his body, therefore, human existence cannot be healthy without the ishtibak [interweaving or entangling] of soul and body." He further argued that "if the body gets sick, the
nafs [psyche] loses much of its cognitive and comprehensive ability and fails to enjoy the desirous aspects of life" and that "if the nafs gets sick, the body may also find no joy in life and may eventually
develop a physical illness." Al-Balkhi traced back his ideas on mental health to verses of the Qur'an and hadiths attributed to Muhammad, such as:

Cognitive and medical psychology and cognitive therapy
<mask> al-Balkhi was the first to differentiate between neurosis and psychosis, and the first to classify neurotic disorders and pioneer cognitive therapy in order to treat each of these classified disorders. He classified neurosis into four emotional disorders: fear and anxiety, anger and aggression, sadness and depression, and obsession. He further classified three types of depression: normal depression or sadness (huzn), endogenous depression originating from within the body, and reactive clinical depression originating from outside the body.He also wrote that a healthy individual should always keep healthy thoughts and feelings in his mind in the case of unexpected emotional outbursts in the same way drugs and First Aid medicine are kept nearby for unexpected physical emergencies. He stated that a balance between the mind and body is required for good health and that an imbalance between the two can cause sickness. Al-Balkhi also introduced the concept of reciprocal inhibition (al-ilaj bi al-did), which was re-introduced over a thousand years later by Joseph Wolpe in 1969. Psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
The Muslim physician <mask> al-Balkhi was a pioneer of psychotherapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine. He recognized that the body and the soul can be healthy or sick, or "balanced or imbalanced", and that mental illness can have both psychological and/or physiological causes. He wrote that imbalance of the body can result in fever, headaches and other physical illnesses, while imbalance of the soul can result in anger, anxiety, sadness and other mental symptoms. He recognized two types of depression: one caused by known reasons such as loss or failure, which can be treated psychologically through both external methods (such as persuasive talking, preaching and advising) and internal methods (such as the "development of inner thoughts and cognitions which help the person get rid of his depressive condition"); and the other caused by unknown reasons such as a "sudden affliction of sorrow and distress, which persists all the time, preventing the afflicted person from any physical activity or from showing any happiness or enjoying any of the pleasures" which may be caused by physiological reasons (such as impurity of the blood) and can be treated through physical medicine.He also wrote comparisons between physical disorders with mental disorders, and showed how psychosomatic disorders can be caused by certain interactions between them. Phobias
<mask> al-Balkhi initially wrote about phobia in the 9th century, calling it Fazaa'. As of today, it is still defined in a similar manner as to what was described by al-Balkhi. Al-Balkhi details the disorder as an extreme type of fear that results in the anxiety levels of a person spiking due to increasing the depth of blood in the body. This causes the person to become shaky and disoriented, preventing them from making decisions in a timely manner. Rather than taking medicine or proceeding with blood letting, which were common methods to help an individual, he suggested gradual exposure to the object or situation that caused the fear. This technique was known as reyadat al-nafs.Sexual Attributes
While the topic of sex is more widely discussed today, al-Balkhi explored the subject in detail, specifically various sexual attributes and the affects that they have on an individual. A specific talking point that he mentioned in his work was the act of remaining abstinent. By doing so, an individual subjects themself to physical ailments, since the act is deemed by him to be "unnatural". He also recommended a specific diet and to abstain from taking medications that were believed to enhance sexuality as a means to treat sexual impotence. Politics
In a collection of works by al-Tawhidi, al-Balkhi describes politics as an art that aims to contribute to the rise of a country. Furthermore, he mentions five separate sources that play into the overall outcome of politics. These include the tangible cause as corresponding to the subjects' affairs, the official reason as the overall well-being of the people, the driving force as "the ruler’s concern for the affairs of his subjects", the purpose as the preservation of public welfare, as well as the instrumental cause consisting of using "incitement and intimidation" to achieve the goal.See also
List of scientists in medieval Islamic world
Science in the medieval Islamic world
Mathematics in medieval Islam
Medicine in the medieval Islamic world

References

Sources
M. J. de Goeje: "Die Istakhri-Balkhi Frage" (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 25, 42–58, 1871). H. Suter: Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber (211, 1900). External links
 <mask> Balkhi's biography by W.M. Watt in Iranica

Mathematicians of medieval Islam
Medieval Persian geographers
Physicians of medieval Islam
10th-century Persian physicians
Geographers of medieval Islam
Balkhi school
9th-century Persian physicians
10th-century geographers
10th-century Iranian mathematicians

850 births
934 deaths
Islamic psychology
People from Balkh Province

masks:
Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi
Abu Muhammad al Hassan ibn al W
Abu Zayd al
Abu Zayd
Abu Zayd
Abu Zayd
Abu Zayd
Abu Zayd


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<mask> (1898–1939) was an American left wing political activist who was a founding member of the Communist Party of America. Winitsky is best remembered as one of the chief defendants of the New York "Criminal Anarchism" prosecutions that were part of the First Red Scare of 1919–1920. Winitsky served two years in prison of a 5 to 10-year sentence beginning in March 1920. Released on bail in 1922, Winitsky was ultimately pardoned by New York Governor Al Smith in January 1924. Winitsky left the Communist Party USA in 1929. Biography

Early years

<mask> was born January 25, 1898, in New York City, the son of a painter who had emigrated to the United States from Tsarist Russia. As a boy, Winitsky attended public schools in New York City.Upon graduation, he stayed in New York to enroll at Columbia University, which he attended in 1917. Early political career

From an early age, <mask> became active in radical politics. He joined the youth section of the Socialist Party of America, the Young Peoples Socialist League  in 1913 and went on to participate in the adult party itself through 1919. In 1919, Winitsky became active in the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party, becoming a founding member of the Communist Party of America (CPA) in August 1919. In 1918, Winitsky was twice jailed for participating in strike activities, serving a sentence of 10 days in West New York, New Jersey, and an additional 30-day stint in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Criminal Anarchism trial

During the CPA's brief interval of open public existence during the last half of 1919, Winitsky served as the Executive Secretary of the Communist Party of New York — a position which drew him to the attention of law enforcement authorities, many of whom considered the Communist Party an illegal and seditious organization. Paid stenographers were assigned to transcribe Winitsky's public utterances, with a view to generating evidence for an eventual prosecution.Although not themselves anarchists, <mask> was one of five prominent members of the American Communist movement charged under the New York Criminal Anarchy Law of 1902, a piece of legislation hurriedly passed in the wake of the assassination of President William McKinley. The indictments against <mask> and his comrades charged under the New York law — Benjamin Gitlow, who preceded him, as well as James Larkin, Isaac Ferguson, and C.E. Ruthenberg, who followed — was based upon the publication and dissemination of the Manifesto of the Left Wing of the Socialist Party in The Revolutionary Age on July 5, 1919. Prosecutors used the theory that the Manifesto of the Left Wing advocated the abolition of organized government by unlawful means and that <mask>, having been present at the Party's 1919 convention in Chicago, had subscribed to the ideas in it. An agent of the Lusk Committee testified that he had purchased copies of the manifesto from the Party's New York state headquarters at 207 East Tenth Street. <mask>'s trial commenced on March 19, 1920, before Judge Weeks in the Criminal Branch of the New York Supreme Court and was completed on March 26. The jury remained out only a few hours before returning with a guilty verdict.On March 29, Judge Weeks passed a sentence of 5 to 10 years in prison, with <mask> being transported to Dannemora State Penitentiary in Dannemora, New York. An appeal of the case was refused. Later political career

In October 1921 the Workers' League nominated Benjamin Gitlow and <mask> as their candidates for Mayor and President of the Board of Aldermen respectively. The New York City Board of Elections invalidated both nominations on the grounds that the prospective candidates were convicted criminals and were still imprisoned, and had therefore "been deprived of citizenship." John R. Voorhis, President of the elections board, stated that "We could not possibly permit the names of these men to go on the ballot. It would be a pretty state of affairs to allow felons and criminals to become eligible for office and take their places beside decent men and women." The League sued the Board of Elections, and New York Supreme Court Justice Mullan ordered the Board to restore the candidates' names to the ballot.By the end of October, though, the New York Court of Appeals had reversed the decision, and their names did not appear on the ballot in November. <mask> was freed on bail in May 1922. Following his release from prison, he became active in the activities of the underground Communist Party of America and in its parallel "legal" organization, the Workers Party of America. <mask> was a participant in the party's trade union mass organization, the Trade Union Educational League, headed by William Z. Foster. <mask> was a delegate to the ill-fated August 1922 convention of the underground CPA in Bridgman, Michigan — a gathering raided by state and federal law enforcement authorities. For attending this gathering Winitsky was indicted under Michigan's "Criminal Syndicalism" statutes, although he was never brought to trial on this charge.Winitsky worked as a manager of the Communist Party's Yiddish-language daily, Morgen Freiheit from 1922 to 1923. From 1923 to 1924 Winitsky worked as a functionary for the Federated Farmer-Labor Party, a Communist Party sponsored effort to establish what it termed a "class-based" independent political party. Governor Al Smith pardoned <mask> on January 7, 1924, stating that "I am satisfied that Winitsky has been sufficiently punished for the crime which he committed, and I have accordingly granted him a pardon." In 1929, Winitsky left the Communist Party USA to cast his lot with expelled party leader Jay Lovestone and his so-called Communist Party USA (Majority Group). Winitsky was not long in this organization, however, as a few years later he rejoined the Socialist Party of America, remaining active in that organization until the time of his death. Death and legacy

At some time before his death in 1939, Winitsky changed his name to <mask>. <mask> died of heart disease on September 10, 1939, in the Morrisania Hospital in The Bronx.He had been living at 2690 Morris Avenue. <mask> was just 41 years old at the time of his death and was survived by his widow and three brothers: Irving, William, and Benjamin Wynn. Norman Thomas, frequent Presidential candidate of the Socialist Party, was the chief speaker at <mask>'s funeral, held in New York City. Footnotes

Works
 "Speech by <mask>, Executive Secretary of the Communist Party of New York: Delivered at a Meeting Held at 175 E Broadway, NYC, December 22, 1919." Corvallis, OR: 1000 Flowers Publishing, 2005. "The Facts Speak for Themselves," The Revolutionary Age [New York], v. 1, no. 8 (Feb. 15, 1930), pp.14–15. 1898 births
Activists from New York City
American socialists
Members of the Socialist Party of America
American Marxists
Members of the Communist Party USA
1939 deaths

masks:
Harry Mordecai Winitsky
Harry Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Harry Wynn
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Harry Winitsky


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General Sir <mask>,  (born 29 April 1934) is a former British Army officer who was Director SAS during the Iranian Embassy siege, and Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in Operation Granby (the Gulf War). Early years
<mask> was born in Plymouth, Devon, the son of Surgeon Lieutenant Commander <mask> and his wife, Kitty Lawley. On 22 May 1941 his father, who had been educated at Monkton Combe School near Bath, Somerset, was killed when his ship, , was sunk by German bombers in an attack south-west of Crete. <mask> was educated at St Peter's Court School, in Broadstairs, Kent, and Harrow School. A "<mask>" is mentioned as pupil evacuee of St Peter's Court sent to Crediton, Devon in Our Land at War by Duff Hart-Davis. Military career
<mask> originally enlisted as a private in the King's Shropshire Light Infantry in 1952. He was later commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Durham Light Infantry.During his early career as an officer he served in Japan, Korea and Egypt with the regiment's 1st Battalion. Special Air Service Regiment
In 1956, <mask> <mask> attended and passed Selection for the Special Air Service. During his first SAS tour, he served in Malaya during the Malayan Emergency, as well as Oman where he was mentioned in despatches and was awarded the Military Cross in 1959 for leading a troop in the assault on Jebel Akdar. After his initial tour with 22 SAS, he returned to the Durham Light Infantry to run recruit training, before taking up the post of Adjutant of 21 SAS – the London-based Territorial Army (reserve) SAS regiment. In 1962, he was attached to the Federal Army in Aden. In 1964, he failed Staff College but was appointed Officer Commanding A Squadron 22 SAS. From 1964 to 1966, A Squadron 22 SAS was deployed to Borneo where he was second-in-command of the regiment for the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation.For his actions during this period he was awarded a bar to his Military Cross. After this tour, <mask> <mask> re-attended Staff College, and, this time, passed. After Staff College he was posted as G2 (intelligence) Special Forces at Army Strategic Command. He then served a tour as second-in-command of 22 SAS, of which he was Commanding Officer from 1972 to 1974. For service in Oman, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1976 for his actions in the battles at Musandam and Dhofar. <mask> <mask> then served from 1977 in a number of administrative posts assuming command of the British Army Training Team in Sudan before returning to the regiment as Director SAS in 1979. For the next four years he commanded SAS Group with overall responsibility for military command.It was during this period that the Special Air Service Regiment became publicly known as a consequence of their storming of the Iranian Embassy in 1980. He was also responsible during the Falklands War for planning Operation Mikado. In 1982, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). Regular service commands
After the SAS, <mask> <mask> was appointed Military Commissioner and Commander of British Forces in the Falkland Islands from 1984 and General Officer Commanding Wales District from 1985. He was succeeded by Brigadier Morgan Llewellyn on 1 December 1987. In 1987 he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB). He was General Officer Commanding South East District from 1988.Despite being due for retirement <mask> <mask> was appointed on 6 October 1990 as Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in Operation Granby (the Gulf War), in effect the second-in-command of the multinational military coalition headed by US General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. His experience of fighting in the area, knowledge of the people and possession of some fluency in Arabic overrode concerns about his age. In this role he was largely responsible for persuading Schwarzkopf (who was initially sceptical) to allow the use of SAS and other special forces in significant roles in the conflict. The British army contingent expanded from 14,000 early in November 1990 to more than 45,000 through to completion of the engagement and cessation of hostilities in February 1991. In 1991, he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) and in August that year, <mask> <mask> received Canada's Meritorious Service Cross. By the end of his career <mask> <mask> had risen to the rank of general, and became a special adviser to the Secretary of State for Defence on Middle East military matters. In order to allow him to receive the pension benefits of full general he was given the newly created sinecurist (honorarium) post of Middle East Advisor to the Secretary of State for Defence. He retired in June 1992.Later life
In 1993, he received Saudi Arabia's Order of King <mask>z, 2nd Class, and was made a Chief Commander of the United States' Legion of Merit. <mask> <mask> has written or co-authored 18 books, including an autobiography, a personal account of the Gulf War and a number of works about the SAS. References

Further reading

External links
Interview with <mask> <mask> National Army Museum
The Papers of Sir <mask> <mask> held at Churchill Archives Centre

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1934 births
Living people
British Army generals
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Deputy Lieutenants of Herefordshire
Durham Light Infantry officers
King's Shropshire Light Infantry soldiers
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration
People educated at Harrow School
Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Special Air Service officers
British Army personnel of the Gulf War
British military leaders of the Gulf War
British Army personnel of the Korean War
British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency
British Army personnel of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Recipients of the Military Cross
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Military personnel from Devon

masks:
Peter Edgar de la Cour de la Billière
Peter de la Billière
Claude Denis Delacour de Labillière
De la Billière
Peter de la Billière
De la Billière
de la
Billière
de la
Billière
De la
Billière
de la
Billière
de la
Billière
de la
Billière
de la
Billière
Abdulazi
De la
Billière
Peter de
la Billière
Peter de
la Billière


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<mask> (July 7, 1858 – December 6, 1930) was an author best known for the Weltmer Method (also known as "Weltmerism") and as founder of the Weltmer Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics. <mask> claimed his method could cure disease through suggestions and hypnosis, a practice he referred to as "magnetic healing". Early life
<mask> was a native of Wooster, Ohio. At the age of seven, his parents moved to Morgan County, Missouri, where he attended the public schools. He studied borrowed medical books in hopes of becoming a physician, and studied as an apprentice with a doctor. Later he devoted himself to the study of the Bible, seeking its wisdom on spiritual healing. Career
<mask> was ordained and licensed to preach as a Baptist minister at 19 years old.He served as a preacher in several places. In 1885 he founded a private educational institution at Aikinsville, Missouri, an unincorporated community in Morgan County. He presided over and directed the Akinsville Normal School from 1885 to 1889, to train teachers for elementary schools. The school disbanded in 1889. In Sedalia, Missouri,  he established and organized a public library and was librarian from 1893 until 1895. For two years he also served as a professor in Robbins Business College in that city. Personal life

On October 8, 1879, <mask> married Mary Genoa (Adair) Stone.They had five children together: Ernest, Silas W., Stella, Tracy, and Beulah. <mask> was involved in Nevada in several of the fraternal and civic associations that developed in the late 19th century: he was a Knights Templar (Freemasonry) and Thirty-second Degree Mason, an Elk, an Odd Fellow, a Knight of Pythias, and an initiate in the fourth degree of Atlantian Mystics, although he was not yet bound by oath. <mask> died in Nevada, Vernon County, Missouri on December 6, 1930 and was buried there. Weltmer Institute

<mask> took a partner, Joseph H. Kelly from Sedalia, teaching him the principles of what he called his "science". Together they founded the firm of Weltmer & Kelly in Nevada, Missouri on February 19, 1897, and began to give sessions. As the number of attendees increased, they bought a building to suit them, providing rooms for patients and also space for their classes in the thought transference and "magnetic healing" that <mask> promoted. They opened this facility, known as the American School of Magnetic Healing, on July 1, 1898.<mask> served as president and Kelly as secretary and treasurer. Within a few years so many patients were attracted from a wide area that the railroad added trains to its schedules to support this business. <mask> asserted that a combination of clairvoyance and hypnotic suggestion could cure diseases such as asthma, tobacco addiction and insanity. A ten-day course cost $100. In addition to holding lectures in an auditorium that could seat several hundred people, he published numerous tracts about his system and attracted an increasing number of patients, up to hundreds per day. He and Kelly trained more assistants and numerous stenographers were hired for the mail order business of classes by mail. By 1903 the Institute had claimed to reach 75,000 patients, curing most.Members of the medical community widely condemned Weltmer, charging him with being a fraudster. Dr. Prenton W. Pope wrote "The Expose of Weltmerism: Magnetic Healing De-magnetized," a 1900 review in The Sanitarian, published by the Medico-Legal Society of New York. He described Weltmerism as an "anti-Christian method" devoted to "chicanery and money-getting." Dr. E. L. Priest from the Missouri Medical Association denounced the Weltmer Institute. Pastor Dr. Charles M. Bishop, from the Centenary Methodist Church, published his negative reviews in the Christian Advocate, published in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1900, the US Postmaster General declared <mask>'s "healing by mail" scheme a fraud and stopped mail delivery to the institute. <mask> filed suit to challenge this action, and the case eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court.It ruled on November 17, 1902 that <mask> had the right as a citizen to receive mail at his business, regardless of whether people agreed with it. According to a 2004 newspaper article about the building and institute, <mask>'s Institute generated so much mail that the government built a new post office to accommodate the volume going into and out of the town. <mask> traveled to Washington, DC during the course of this case, to track its progress at the Court and to attend to his clients among members of the US Senate and their wives. Also in the early 20th century, <mask> filed a libel case against Rev. M. Bishop for calling <mask> and his assistants "miserable charlatans" in print; it eventually reached the Supreme Court of Missouri. That court ruled in favor of Bishop and refused a motion to rehear the case. It based its ruling on the facts of one of <mask>'s clients, a woman who claimed to have been cured of breast cancer by letters from <mask>.She said he instructed her that each of them was to focus on healing thoughts at a time and dates which he established by letter. In fact, during this period of claimed treatment, <mask> was vacationing in Colorado, and his purported letters were prepared and sent by clerks of the institute. <mask>'s Institute contributed to Nevada becoming the center of a wellness industry. His system was often compared to Christian Science, a type of spiritual healing which medical practitioners also criticized. Psychotherapists, clairvoyants and persons promising various miracle cures of contemporary illnesses, such as tuberculosis, which then had no cure, also came to work in Nevada. At one time the Institute was staffed with "17 healers, several assistant healers, a physician, and more than 110 stenographers and female typists to handle the correspondence." After <mask>'s death in 1930, his eldest son Ernest tried to keep the Institute going.He was unsuccessful and closed it in 1933 during the Great Depression. The building was sold and used as a funeral home into 2004. Some residents felt it should have been designated as a historic property, considering Weltmer's influence on the town. Despite some local objections, the city council was preparing to allow the property to be redeveloped and a video store to be built on the site. Writings

Books and pamphlets
Self-Reliance, or the Key to Business Success, Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberly Pub. Co., 1900
The Healing Hand, Weltmer Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics Company, 1922 - 225 pages
The Mystery Revealed, or, The Hand-book of Weltermerism: A Supplement to the Author's New and Illustrated Mail Course of Instruction in His Science of Healing, Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberley Publishing Company - 80 pages (this was reprinted in 1965 by Health Research) The New Voice of Christianity, Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberly Publishing Company, 1903 - 192 pages

Articles, pamphlets
From 1901 to 1909 Weltmer published a magazine, Weltmer's Magazine of Suggestive TherapeuticsComplete Clinical Texts on Suggestive Therapeutics and Applied PsychologyHow to Make Magnetic Healing Pay, Nevada, Mo., 1901 - 216 pagesHypnotism: In Its Psychological Relation to Everyday Life Weltmer Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics - 90 pagesIs prayer ever Answered?, American School of Magnetic Healing, 1899 - 35 pagesReal Man, Weltmer Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics, 1908 - 63 pagesReal Man, Or Slave Man, Weltmer Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics, 1914 - 40 pagesRegeneration, Nevada, Mo. : The Weltmer Foundation, 1925Regeneration; a Discussion of the Sex Question from a New and Scientific Standpoint, Foley Railway, 1899 - 130 pagesRegeneration: a Scientific Discussion of the Sex Principle, 1898-1908, Weltmer Inst.of Suggestive Therapeutics Company, 1908 - 185 pagesSelf Protection, 1898Some Points on Personal MagnetismSuggestion Simplified, American School of Magnetic Health, 1900 - 117 pagesTelepathy, Pomeroy, WA : Health ResearchTelepathy and Thought Transference, Nevada, Mo., 1902The Eternal Now, American School of Magnetic Healing, 1899 - 58 pagesThe Undying Character of ThoughtTherapeutic SuggestionWeltmerisms; or Pointed Paragraphs Relating to Magnetic Healing, Foley Ptg. Company, 1899 - 68 pagesWho is a Christian?Seventy Bible References Relating to the Subject of Healing'''

See also
Weltmer Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics

References

Further reading
Missouri the center state, 1821-1915, by Walter B. Stevens. v. 4. Stevens, Walter B. (Walter Barlow), 1848-1939. One thousand American men of mark of to-day. Twentieth century edition de luxe.A national perpetual record of progressive men of America who have attained some prominence in the various social, commercial and industrial affairs. Compiled from standard biographical publications and original sources. The founders, makers and builders of our great republic..
American elite and sociologist bluebook 1922, Herringshaw, Thomas William, 1858
Ohio authors and their books : biographical data and selective bibliographies for Ohio authors, native and resident, 1796-1950, edited by William Coyle; preliminary research by Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Wessen; sponsored by the Martha Kinney Cooper Ohioana Library Association. Who's Who in America, v.11, 1920-1921
Pearson's magazine, v.3 no.6 (June 1900)
The Coming Age, v.2 1899
The Healing Hand [Weltmer institute of Suggestive Therapeutics Company, 1922 - 225 pages]

External links

Article on S. A. Wetlmer
Weltmer Institute images
The State Historical Society of Missouri
Tri-Country Genealogy Society (PDF)
Nevada Daily Mail, 26 November 2004
Nevada Daily Mail, S. A. Weltmer and Edgar Cayce
Early American Manual Therapy
Old print ad for the Weltmer Institute, posted in Afflictor
 - Link

1858 births
1930 deaths
American librarians
American spiritual writers
Baptists from Ohio
American faith healers
Mystics
People from Wooster, Ohio
Educators from Ohio
Baptists from Missouri

masks:
Sidney Abram Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer
Weltmer


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<mask>. (born December 31, 1928) is a former professional American football player who was a halfback in the National Football League (NFL) from 1952 to 1964 for the San Francisco 49ers, Minnesota Vikings, New York Giants, and Detroit Lions. He was noted for his explosive, elusive running style and was frequently called "The King" and "Hurryin' <mask>". A member of San Francisco's famed Million Dollar Backfield and one of the franchise's most popular players, <mask>'s number 39 jersey is retired by the 49ers and he is a member of the San Francisco 49ers Hall of Fame. <mask> first rose to stardom as a standout all-around player for Compton Junior College in 1948. He then transferred to the University of Washington, where he was a two-time All-Pacific Coast Conference fullback for the Washington Huskies football team and set several school and conference records. He was drafted by the 49ers with the ninth pick in the 1951 NFL Draft, and his versatility made him an immediate star in the league, earning him five first-team All-Pro honors in his first six seasons. With the 49ers, he was selected for five Pro Bowls, and he earned a sixth Pro Bowl appearance with the Vikings.He finished his career after short stints with the Giants and Lions. An all-around player who was a threat as a runner and a receiver and also returned kickoffs and punts, McElhenny had amassed the third most all-purpose yards of any player in NFL history when he retired. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981. According to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, "<mask> was to pro football in the 1950s and early 1960s what Elvis Presley was to rock and roll," a reference to both his popularity and his nickname. Early years and college

Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, <mask> attended its George Washington High School, where he set state high school records in the high and low hurdles and broad jump, and ran the 100-yard dash in 9.8 seconds. He won both hurdles and the long jump at the 1947 CIF California State Meet. After graduating, he attended Compton Junior College (now El Camino College Compton Center), where he was a standout on Compton's undefeated football team in 1948 that won the Junior Rose Bowl.That year, he had a 105-yard kickoff return touchdown in a game played at the University of Mexico. Already being considered one of the best players in football, McElhenny drew high praise; Heisman Trophy winner Tom Harmon remarked he had "never seen such a combination of speed and size." One of his Compton teammates was 1952 Olympic gold medalist Sim Iness. After a year at Compton, McElhenny attended the University of Washington in Seattle. He starred as a fullback for the Washington Huskies football team, forming a prolific offensive duo with quarterback Don Heinrich in 1950. He rushed for over 1,000 yards that season, and was the last Huskies player to eclipse that mark until 1977. In a game against rival Washington State, he set school records with 296 rushing yards and five touchdowns.The 296 yards remains a school record as of 2016. One of McElhenny's celebrated plays at Husky Stadium was an uncommon 100-yard punt return against USC in 1951. The following week, he successfully kicked nine out of nine extra points in a 63–6 blowout over Oregon. He was a first-team All-Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) selection in both 1950 and 1951, and was selected for the Associated Press (AP) 1951 All-America team as a fullback. Following his senior season he played in a regional college all-star game. McElhenny led the team in rushing in each of his three seasons and set 16 school records, including season (1,107) and career (2,499) rushing yards. Professional career

San Francisco 49ers
McElhenny was a first-round pick of the San Francisco 49ers in the 1952 NFL Draft, ninth overall, and made an immediate impression as a rookie.His first play as a professional was a 40-yard touchdown run which had been drawn in the dirt because he had not yet learned the team's playbook. He recorded the season's longest run from scrimmage (89 yards), the longest punt return (94 yards), and the top rushing average (7.0 yards per carry). He was unanimously recognized as the season's top rookie. McElhenny was also an asset in the receiving game, becoming a favorite target of quarterback Y. A. Tittle on screen passes. His versatility drew praise from opposing coaches, including George Halas of the Chicago Bears and Steve Owen of the New York Giants. Former Bears quarterback Johnny Lujack lauded McElhenny as "the best running back I have seen in a long, long time."Also noted was his vision; he had an uncanny ability of seeing and reacting to tacklers in his peripheral vision. "If you ever watched McElhenny", explained Washington State coach Jim Sutherland, "you'd think he had eyes on the back of his head. I've seen him cut away from a tackler that 99 percent of the backs wouldn't even have seen. It wasn't instinct—he just saw the guy, out of the corner of his eye." McElhenny described his playing style as such:

My attitude carrying the ball was fear—not a fear of getting hurt but a fear of getting caught from behind and taken down and embarrassing myself and my teammates. McElhenny repeated as a Pro Bowler for 1953, joining his backfield teammates, Tittle and fullback Joe Perry. In 1954, with the addition of halfback John Henry Johnson, the 49ers formed their famed "Million Dollar Backfield" of McElhenny, Tittle, Perry, and Johnson.The team had championship aspirations, but McElhenny separated his shoulder against the Bears in the sixth game, ending his season. The offense struggled without McElhenny in the lineup. Before the injury, he led the league with 515 rushing yards and an 8.0 yards-per-carry average. He still managed to make the AP's second-team All-Pro team and was a first-team selection by the New York Daily News. After a down year in 1955 for the 49ers and for <mask>, he had his most productive rushing season statistically in 1956, picking up 916 yards and eight touchdowns. He was invited to his third Pro Bowl. John Henry Johnson was traded prior to the 1957 season, which broke up the Million Dollar Backfield.Led by McElhenny and Tittle, the 49ers finished the 1957 regular season tied for the Western Conference title with the Detroit Lions. In the Western Conference tiebreaker, McElhenny carried 14 times for 82 yards and caught six passes for 96 yards and a touchdown, but the Lions won with a comeback victory to advance to the 1957 NFL Championship Game. Following the season, <mask> was invited to the 1958 Pro Bowl and was named the player of the game. After another Pro Bowl year in 1958, injuries over the next two seasons hampered his production. The 49ers placed the 32-year-old <mask> on the 1961 NFL expansion draft list. Minnesota Vikings
McElhenny joined the newly formed Vikings in 1961 through the expansion draft. That year, he led the team in rushing and had seven total touchdowns, including his first punt return touchdown since his rookie season.He was invited to his sixth Pro Bowl following the season. In his second season with the Vikings in 1962, he was held scoreless for the first time in his career. The Vikings then looked to part ways with McElhenny as the team turned to an emphasis on youth. He described his time with the Vikings as a "dead end street," since he "didn't fit into their plans for the future." New York Giants and Detroit Lions
The Vikings traded McElhenny to the Giants in July 1963 for two draft choices and player to be named later. The trade reunited him with Tittle, who had been traded to the Giants two seasons earlier. On the reunion, McElhenny responded that it was "great to be with a winner," and he played with renewed enthusiasm.The Giants made it to the 1963 NFL Championship Game, where McElhenny carried nine times for 17 yards, had two receptions for 20 yards, and had a 47-yard kickoff return in the 14–10 loss to the Bears. He was released by New York during training camp in 1964, and he was soon picked up by the Detroit Lions, for whom he appeared in eight games before retiring after the season. Legacy
McElhenny gained 11,375 all-purpose yards in his 13-year career and retired as one of just three players to eclipse 11,000 yards. He was nicknamed "The King" while with the 49ers because he was "the most feared running back in the NFL." 49ers quarterback Frankie Albert gave him the nickname in the locker room following McElhenny's fourth game as a rookie, in which he returned a punt 96 yards for a touchdown against the Bears. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970, an honor he described as the highlight of his life. Others inducted in the class were contemporaries Jack Christiansen, Tom Fears, and Pete Pihos.His jersey number 39 is retired by the 49ers, and by virtue of his membership in the pro hall of fame, he was automatically inducted as a charter member of the San Francisco 49ers Hall of Fame in 2009. NFL Network ranked him the fourth most elusive runner of all time in 2007. McElhenny was inducted into State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame in 1963 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981. As of 2016, his 12 rushing touchdowns in 1950 and 13 in 1951 both remain in the top ten all-time for a Washington player in a single season, and his 28 career rushing touchdowns tie him for sixth in school history. On January 20, 1985, McElhenny participated in the opening coin toss at Super Bowl XIX at Stanford Stadium, along with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who participated by video feed from the White House after having been sworn into his second term of office earlier that day. Improper benefits
After denying rumors for decades, in 2004 McElhenny confirmed that he received improper financial benefits from the University of Washington during his time there, which included a $300 monthly check. Per NCAA rules, the most a college can offer an athlete is a summer job and a scholarship covering boarding and tuition.A popular (albeit usually jocular) spin on the rumor was that McElhenny essentially took a pay cut when he left the university to play for the 49ers. This was not entirely untrue; all payments accounted for, including legitimate ones, McElhenny claimed he and his wife received a combined $10,000 a year while at Washington—with the 49ers, his rookie salary was worth $7,000. Personal and later life
After retiring as a player, McElhenny served as a color commentator on 49ers radio broadcasts from 1966 to 1972. In 1971, he signed a contract with a group called the Seattle Sea Lions in hopes of bringing an NFL franchise to Seattle. He proactively named himself general manager of the non-existent "Seattle Kings" in May 1972, and the next year the franchise gained the backing of entrepreneur Edward Nixon, brother of president Richard Nixon. However, McElhenny's plans fell through, as the Seattle Seahawks were founded in 1974. McElhenny is related to the McIlhenny family of Louisiana, the makers of Tabasco sauce.In his later life, McElhenny was diagnosed with a rare nerve disorder called Guillain–Barré syndrome, which almost killed him. He was temporarily paralyzed from the neck down and had to use a walker for a year. See also
 Washington Huskies football statistical leaders

References

Further reading

External links

1928 births
Living people
American football halfbacks
Compton Tartars football players
Detroit Lions players
Minnesota Vikings players
National Football League announcers
New York Giants players
San Francisco 49ers announcers
San Francisco 49ers players
Washington Huskies football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Los Angeles
Track and field athletes from California
People with Guillain–Barré syndrome
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
National Football League players with retired numbers

masks:
Hugh Edward McElhenny Jr
Hugh
McElhenny
McElhenny
Hugh McElhenny
Hugh McElhenny
McElhenny
McElhenny
McElhenny


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<mask> (born February 12, 1950) is an American musician, composer and author. Background
Born in New York City, <mask> studied privately with Stefan Wolpe, and with Mario Davidovsky at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He holds a Ph.D. in Composition from the City University of New York Graduate Center (1985), and has served as a professor of music composition at Temple University's Boyer College of Music and Dance since 1998. Since 1999 <mask> has worked with computer animation to create hybrid works of visual music, as well as chamber music with a video component. <mask> has also written on Debussy, Schoenberg and Varèse in relation to Wolpe's dialectical and "cubist" approach to musical structure. He is the curator of Amphibian, a new music and video series in the Hi Art Gallery in New York City. Music
<mask>'s most significant work is Nameless, a 25-minute wordless psalm for three sopranos and two chamber ensembles.It was composed for the Momenta Quartet and the Cygnus Ensemble, and bears a quotation from the Medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides. Antes/Bella Musica
 Amulet, for piano solo: David Holzman, Centaur CRC 2291
 Chamber Music, for flute, cello and piano: The Contemporary Trio re-release. New World NWCRL513

Articles
<mask> is the author of the following articles:
 "Dialectic in Miniature: Schoenberg's 'Sechs Kleine Klavierstücke Op. 19.'" Ex Tempore (Summer 2010)
 "Surrealism in New York." New Music Jukebox (American Music Center) (Fall 2009)
 "Debussy, Wolpe and Dialectical Form." Contemporary Music Review: Stefan Wolpe Issue (Spring 2008)
 "The Proportions of Density 21.5: Wolpean Symmetries in the Music of Edgard Varèse", On the Music of Stefan Wolpe.Austin Clarkson, ed. Pendragon (Hillsdale, New York: 2003)
 "Stefan Wolpe's Dialectical Logic: A Look at the 'Second Piece for Violin Alone' ", Perspectives of New Music, vol. 40, no. 2 (2002)
 Stefan Wolpe, "On Proportions" trans. <mask>. Perspectives of New Music 34/2 (1996)

References

1950 births
Living people
Musicians from New York City
City University of New York alumni
American classical composers
American male classical composers
Composers for piano
Jewish composers
Modernist composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
20th-century American composers
21st-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians

masks:
Matthew Jonathan Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Matthew Greenbaum


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<mask> (born 9 July 1987) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Scottish Premiership team Aberdeen and Republic of Ireland. He began his career in England with Reading, but did not break through to their first team, serving two loan spells prior to being released. Picked up by Leicester City, his opportunities were also limited and again he went out on loan twice. He joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle in Scotland in 2009, becoming an important member of the team, a status he also enjoyed after moving on to Aberdeen three years later. In 2017 he signed for Celtic, the reigning Scottish champions, helping them to defend their title and win the following two as a squad member, sometimes playing at left back; he left in 2020 and returned to Aberdeen in June 2020. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born in Dublin, County Dublin. He started his career at Reading, but with first team opportunities limited, he joined Forest Green Rovers on loan in February 2006, scoring on his debut in the FA Trophy against Dorchester Town.He spent a month on loan at Chesterfield in October 2006 without making an appearance, and in January 2007, was loaned to MK Dons until the end of the 2006–07 season. Leicester City
On 6 June 2007, <mask> was released by Reading at the end of his contract. He joined Leicester City on a three-year deal on 4 July 2007, and made his league debut against Blackpool on 11 August. On 20 July 2009, <mask> was released from his Leicester contract by mutual consent. Northampton Town (loan)
On 7 January 2008, <mask> joined Northampton Town on loan until the end of the season. On 13 October, <mask> joined Cheltenham Town on a trial period, with a view to a loan move, a move which was confirmed on 20 October 2008. Inverness Caledonian Thistle
On 22 July 2009, <mask> joined Scottish First Division side Inverness Caledonian Thistle after a successful trial period.Inverness were promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2009–10 season. <mask> was part of the team that guided Inverness to the Challenge Cup final against Dundee. <mask> was involved in setting up both goals for Adam Rooney and Nauris Bulvitis, however, the Highlanders lost out 3–2 to Dundee at McDiarmid Park in Perth

<mask> was linked with a move away from Inverness after impressing in his debut season with the club, as his contract was expiring. However, he went on to sign a new two-year deal. On 11 September 2010, he scored the opening goal in an SPL match against Rangers with a stunning long-range strike. <mask> left Inverness after the 2011–12 season. He rejected their offer of a new one-year contract.Aberdeen

Aberdeen claimed a deal had been struck with <mask> on 30 May 2012. Almost a month later, <mask> finally put pen to paper, signing a two-year contract with the Dons. <mask> went on to make his competitive debut for Aberdeen, in an opening day 1–0 defeat away to SPL champions Celtic. The following weekend, <mask> made his home debut against newly promoted side Ross County in a game which finished 0–0. He scored his first goal in Aberdeen colours in a testimonial for Neil Simpson against Manchester United. The midfielder showed good perseverance, pinching the ball off of Paul Scholes in the penalty box, before beating David de Gea with a composed finish. <mask> scored his first competitive goal for the Dons' in a 2–1 victory away to St Johnstone.He pounced on a mistake by goalkeeper Alan Mannus and defender Frazer Wright, leaving <mask> with the easy task of firing into the empty net, before celebrating in front of the travelling Aberdeen support. On 15 September, he provided an assist for Cammy Smith to equalise against his old club, Inverness, in the dying minutes. The game finished 1–1. On 3 August 2013, <mask> opened the scoring in the first match of the new season against Kilmarnock. This goal gave <mask> the honour of scoring the first ever goal in the new Scottish Premiership. <mask> agreed a contract extension in November 2013 that would keep him at Aberdeen until the summer of 2016. In a 4–0 win over St Johnstone in the League Cup semi-final at Tynecastle, <mask> scored twice to help send the Dons into their first major cup final for 14 years.A poor goal kick by Steve Banks allowed Adam Rooney to square the ball across the six-yard box for <mask> to knock into the net. Clever footwork by the winger late in the second half led to a fine finish just inside the 18-yard box to wrap up the match and send Aberdeen through to the final. Celtic goalkeeper Fraser Forster's run of clean sheets (13 games) was finally ended on 1,256 minutes on 25 February 2014 when <mask> beat him from 30 yards to open the scoring in a 2–1 win for The Dons. The goal was later voted as the SPFL Goal of the Season. On 16 March 2014, <mask> started for Aberdeen in the League Cup Final but early on he suffered a shoulder injury and had to be replaced by Cammy Smith. In the opening match of the 2014–15 season he scored Aberdeen's fourth goal in a 5–0 victory against FK Daugava Riga in the Europa League first qualifying round first leg. On 29 December 2014, it was announced that <mask> had signed a contract extension, keeping him at Aberdeen until summer 2018.In February 2016, <mask> had 18 stitches in his arm after being bitten by a dog. Celtic

On 17 June 2017, <mask> signed a three-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic, for a fee in the region of £1 million. On 23 December 2017, <mask> scored his first competitive goal for Celtic against his former club Aberdeen, scoring the second goal in a 3–0 win. He spent the second half of the season out injured after a tackle during a game against Dundee on Boxing Day, three days after his first goal of the season. He scored his second goal for the club in the 2–0 win over Rangers at Ibrox on 1 September 2019. He was released by the club in May 2020. Return to Aberdeen
<mask> rejoined Aberdeen on a free transfer from Celtic, his contract having expired, on 23 June 2020, after three years away from the club.He signed a two-year deal, taking a significantly smaller wage to re-sign. In August 2020 he was one of eight Aberdeen players who received a suspended three-match ban from the Scottish FA after they breached coronavirus-related restrictions by visiting a bar earlier in the month. International career
<mask> received his first senior call-up in March 2016. Career statistics

Honours
Inverness Caledonian Thistle
Scottish First Division: 2009–10

Aberdeen
Scottish League Cup: 2013–14

Celtic
Scottish Premiership: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Scottish League Cup: 2018–19, 2019–20
Scottish Cup: 2018–19

Individual
SFL Player of the Month: November 2009 & April 2010
 SPFA Goal of the Season: 2013–14
 SPFA Premiership Team of the Year: 2015–16, 2016–17
 Aberdeen FC Player of the Year: 2015–16
 Aberdeen FC Players' Player of the Year: 2015–16
 Aberdeen FC Goal of the Season: 2015–16
 Evening Express Player of the Year: 2014–15

References

External links

 Ireland profile at SoccerScene.ie

1987 births
Living people
Association footballers from Dublin (city)
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
Republic of Ireland international footballers
Association football wingers
Reading F.C. players
Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players
Leicester City F.C.players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. players
Aberdeen F.C. players
Celtic F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
Scottish Professional Football League players

masks:
Jonathan Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes


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<mask> (born <mask>, 10 February 1917 – 25 May 2006) was an Argentine actress who primarily worked during the Golden Age of Argentine Cinema, performing on both stage and in films. She won multiple awards for her performances including the Martín Fierro Awards, the ACE de Oro, the Premios Estrella de Mar and the Golden Condor from the Argentine Film Critics Association. Biography
<mask> was born on 10 February 1917 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to <mask> and Josefa Borbón. Her brother  would also become a significant figure in the Argentine entertainment industry. She attended the Academy PAADI, and had her entertainment debut on Radio La Nación (which later became Radio Mitre) as a singer. She soon was participating in radio dramas and made the progression to acting in theater. She and her brother joined the original cast of Teatro Caminito under the direction of Cecilio Madanes and performed in plays including A Streetcar Named Desire, Steel Magnolias, Woman of the Year, and My Fair Lady, among many others.In 1936, she had her film debut with Loco lindo, which starred Luis Sandrini and Sofía Bozán, under the direction of Arturo S. Mom. She followed with Ya tiene comisario el pueblo (1936) starring Agustín Irusta, Roberto Fugazot and Leonor Rinaldi. Some of her most noted performances were  Palermo (1937), Una prueba de cariño, De la sierra al valle (1938), Los celos de Cándida (1940), Cuando canta el corazón (1941), El deseo (1946) and Los verdes paraísos (1947) by Carlos Hugo Christensen. Several of her films of the 1940s had a variety of singing parts that were considered notable, including Cuando canta el corazón in 1941 by Richard Harlan, in which she sang several duets with Hugo del Carril; Papá tiene novia (1941) by Carlos Schlieper with Amanda Ledesma; La piel de zapa (1943) by Bayón Herrera, where she paired again with del Carril to sing “La noche de mis sueños”; Pobre mi madre querida (1947) was co-directed by Homero Manzi and Ralph Pappier and she worked with del Carril and Italian actress Emma Gramática); El último payador (1950), which was a tribute to José Betinotti; and in El patio de la morocha (1953) she premiered the tango "Patio mío" and the habanera "La retrechera". Beginning in 1944, she starred in several stage plays, including La voz de la tórtola, Una viuda difícil, La dulce enemiga, El mal amor, Delito en la isla de las cabras, Un tranvía llamado Deseo, El carnaval del diablo, El cuervo, El patio de la morocha, and many others. Her starring roles on stage exceeded 30 productions and also included singing parts. At the end of the 1953 season, she recorded two tangos: "Los pañuelitos" and "Milonguita".Starting in the late 1950s, Luz performed on television, participating in many series, such as Obras maestras del terror, Teatro de la noche, Las solteronas, Un cachito de vida, Esto es teatro, and many others. Among her performances on the small screen, some of her stand-out series were Matrimonios y algo más, Teatro como en el teatro with Dario Vittori, and Glorias del pasado, which was shown on Channel 7. There were few acting awards which she had not won. Her list of awards include Konex award 1991 for lifetime achievement, the Martin Fierro, the ACE Gold, the Premio San Gabriel, the Premio Estrella de Mar, the Blanca Podesta Award, a Golden Condor, and the Trinidad Guevara Award. She was honored twice by the Argentine Film Critics Association and received the Distinction of Honor from the Mar del Plata Film Festival. Her Silver Condor Award for Best Actress came for Aquellos que amamos (1959), Silver Condor Award for Best Supporting Actress for Sábado a la noche, cine (1960) and Las furias (1960), and Best Actress in a drama on stage in “La reina de la belleza” at the 1999 ACE Awards. She died in Buenos Aires on 25 May 2006 and was buried the following day at the Chacarita cemetery in the Pantheon of actors.Santiago Carlos Oves

References

Bibliography
 Melissa Fitch. Side Dishes: Latina American Women, Sex, and Cultural Production. Rutgers University Press, 2009. External links

1917 births
2006 deaths
Argentine film actresses
Argentine stage actresses
Actresses from Buenos Aires
20th-century Argentine actresses
Argentine television actresses

masks:
Ada Luz
Ada da Luz Borbón
Ada da Luz Borbón
Juan da Luz de Roca


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<mask> (born 7 June 1977) is a Canadian retired footballer. He competed in the 1997 Canada Games with Quebec, winning the competition. He was then selected to represent Canada at the Francophonie Games in Madagascar, also winning the competition. His career spanned from 1998 to 2016. Career

Early career
<mask> joined his first club at the age of 7. After competing at the Canada Games and the Francophine Games in 1997, <mask> was signed by St. Louis Ambush for an indoor football season, also playing in 15 games in the 1997/98 NPSLi season. <mask> also scored 2 goals in 8 games for Detroit Rockers in the 1997/98 NPLSi season.Montreal Impact
In 1999, <mask> was subsequently recruited by his native hometown club, Montreal Impact of the USL A-League for football and indoor football seasons, beginning his professional career. Sol de América (loan)
Whilst under contract with Montreal Impact, <mask> was loaned to Primera División Paraguaya team Sol de América for six months. With <mask> in the squad at Sol de América was Dante Lopez, 1998 FIFA World Cup player Aristides Rojas and 2010 FIFA World Cup player Enrique Vera. Tien Giang
After playing in Paraguay, <mask> went to Asia to sign with Tien Giang FC in the V-League. Ottawa Wizards
In 2002, he returned home to sign with league giants the Ottawa Wizards of the Canadian Professional Soccer League. During his tenure with Ottawa he had a tremendous season recording a 17-game undefeated streak, which marked a milestone in CPSL history by becoming the second club to achieve a treble the first being the Toronto Olympians. The Wizards clinched the Eastern Conference and finished first in the overall standings.They repeated their success in the Open Canada Cup tournament by defending their title once more in a 1–0 victory over Toronto Croatia. In the post season he appeared in all the playoff matches and reached the finals where the club faced the North York Astros, the Wizards ended up winning the playoff title in a 2–0 victory. Return to Montreal Impact
<mask> returned Montreal in 2003 helping the Impact finish second in the league behind the Milwaukee Wave United with a 16–6–6 record. In the playoffs the Impact fell to the Rochester Raging Rhinos in the first round of the playoffs by an aggregate score of 2–1. He managed to win a piece of silverware with the club the Voyageurs Cup. In 2004, <mask> was part of the Montreal Impact team which claimed the championship. He did not fully participate that season due to an injury, tearing his ligament in his right knee in a pre-season match against McGill University.Prior to the 2004 season, <mask> played 45 minutes of a 2–1 pre-season friendly defeat against Italian team Reggina. The team finished 17–6–5 record for 56 points in 28 games, and the team started with a record 12-game undefeated streak, which led to a USL A-League Championship against the Seattle Sounders in a 2–0 victory claiming their first Championship since 1994. In 2005, he returned to the Impact, but was deemed surplus to Nick De Santis. Toronto Lynx
On 19 May 2005, <mask> was traded with teammate Sita-Taty Matondo to arch-rivals the Toronto Lynx in exchange for Ali Gerba. He made his debut with the club on May 28, 2005, against the Puerto Rico Islanders in a 4–4 draw. With the Lynx the team finished with a league worst 3 wins, 17 losses, and 8 ties and was the worst performance in league history and finished 12th place in the league. Laval Dynamites
In 2006, <mask> signed with the Laval Dynamites of the Canadian Soccer League, helping the franchise finish third in the National Division thus qualifying for the postseason; where the club faced Toronto Croatia, but lost to a score of 1–0.Detroit Ignition
On October 26, 2007, he signed for the Detroit Ignition of the MISL. <mask> term with Detroit came with some success finishing first in the regular season and reaching the semi-finals in the playoffs. Following his retirement, <mask> stated that physically he could have continued playing for one more year, but much traveling from the island of Montreal prevented this. International career
In 1997, <mask> competed in the Canada Games with Quebec, winning the competition, and was then selected to represent Canada at the Francophonie Games in Madagascar, also winning the competition. At the 1997 Francophonie Games, <mask> played alongside Patrice Bernier in the team. His best memory was defeating Cameroon 1–0 in the semi-finals of the competition. <mask> played futsal by the QCSL World Cup 2010.Personal life
<mask>'s father was a footballer in Haiti. Honours

Ottawa Wizards
CPSL Championship (1): 2002
Open Canada Cup (1): 2002
Canadian Professional Soccer League Eastern Conference Champions (1): 2002

Montreal Impact
Voyageurs Cup  (2): 2003, 2004

Mont-Royal Outremont
Première Ligue de soccer du Québec (3): 2013, 2015, 2016
PLSQ League Cup (1): 2013
Inter-Provincial Cup (1): 2016

References

External links
Detroit Ignition profile
2009 LSEQ Season

1977 births
Living people
Black Canadian soccer players
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Canadian expatriate soccer players
Canadian expatriates in Paraguay
Canadian expatriates in Vietnam
Canadian Professional Soccer League (1998–2005) players
Canadian Soccer League (2006–present) players
Canadian soccer players
Detroit Ignition (MISL) players
Detroit Ignition (XSL) players
Club Sol de América footballers
Eastern Indoor Soccer League players
Expatriate footballers in Paraguay
Expatriate footballers in Vietnam
Association football defenders
Laval Dynamites players
Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008) players
Montreal Impact (1992–2011) players
Soccer players from Montreal
Ottawa Wizards players
Toronto Lynx players
USL A-League players
USL First Division players
Xtreme Soccer League players
Première Ligue de soccer du Québec players
Canadian men's futsal players
Canadian sportspeople of Haitian descent
Haitian Quebecers
CS Mont-Royal Outremont players
FC L'Assomption players

masks:
Abraham François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
François


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<mask> (21 March 1836 – 28 September 1903) was a Spanish violinist, composer, conductor and teacher. He was one of the main promoters of instrumental music in Madrid during the nineteenth century. <mask> was born in Potes, Cantabria. He began studying the violin with his father, an amateur violinist, and he continued learning in Valladolid with José Ortega Zapata. His first public performance was in 1843, during which he astonished the audience with his violin abilities at such a young age. According to the review of that concert in the magazine La Iberia Musical y Literaria, "He caused an inexplicable admiration with the prodigies that he made playing the violin: this little angel, smaller than the instrument he had in hand, was crowned and named partner of merit among a thousand demonstrations of general approval. This innocent child has surprised us, because it is an almost incredible phenomenon seeing so much disposition at so tender an age".He then moved to Madrid to pursue his studies, and received a pension and a violin after playing a concert for the Infanta <mask> Borbón. During his early formative years numerous press references about him were written in several musical magazines and he was named emeritus partner of several lyceums. After his father's death in mid 1845, his tutor Basilio Montoya got <mask> the opportunity to study with Bériot in the Royal Conservatory of Brussels, where he studied harmony with Lemmens, counterpoint with Fétis and completed his literary education with his friend and protector Gevaert. In 1852, he got the Prix extraordinaire at the Conservatoire, which had been delayed because of <mask>'s young age. European tours
After successfully finishing his studies in Brussels he returned to Madrid to be named honorary violinist of the Capilla Real de Madrid. Then he continued his career as a virtuoso being invited to festivals in England and Scotland and playing with the most influential musicians at that time, like Marie Pleyel or Heinrich Ernst. It was especially admired in London, where he was compared with the most important violinists of his generation.He also played in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany (where he played his own violin concerto in a recital with Giacomo Meyerbeer). On these tours he used to play some of his own compositions like the Fantasía Característica Española or Adiós a la Alhambra. Professor and promoter in Madrid
He got the post of professor in the Madrid Conservatory in 1857 (a job that he combined with the post at the Capilla Real de Madrid exerted also since 1857) and became director of that conservatory in 1894. On Bériot's death in 1870 he was offered by Fétis to be professor of the Brussels Conservatoire, but he preferred to stay in Spain. Monasterio's concern about the state of Spanish chamber music panorama was reflected in the creation along with the pianist Juan María Guelbenzu of the Sociedad de Cuartetos de Madrid in 1863, which put on regular concerts of chamber music for a number of years, specifically until 5 January 1894. In 1864, he began conducting, becoming in 1869 conductor of the Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid, in which he promoted orchestral works of the great Romantic and neo-classical composers, until then almost unknown in Spain and in which he increased the technical and artistic level of the orchestra. The Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid combined the classic repertoire with the release of works by Spanish composers of that time.He died in Casar de Periedo aged 67. Complete catalogue of works

Instrumental

Violin and piano
 Nocturno (1852, revised 1874)
 Adiós a la Alhambra, Op. 12 (1855)
 Grande fantasie nationale sur des airs populaires espagnoles (1855)
 Pequeña fantasía de de salón, Op. 24 (1860)
 Fiebre de amor (1867)
 Melodía (1874)
 Sierra Morena (1877–83, revised in 1894)

Violin and orchestra
 Fantasía original española (Fantasía característica española) (1853, revised in 1881)
 Adiós a la Alhambra (1855)
 Grande fantasie nationale sur des airs populaires espagnoles (1855)
 Violin Concerto (1859, rev. 1880)

Didactic works
 Veinte estudios artísticos de concierto (1878)

Orchestral
 Adiós a la Alhambra, Op. 12 (1855)
 Andante melódico
 Marcha fúnebre y triumfal (1864)
 Scherzo fantástico (1865, rev, 1866)
 Andante religioso (1872)
 Estudio de concierto (1874)
 Melodía (1876)
 Andantino expresivo

Piano solo
 La violeta (1849)
 Tristeza. Romanza sin palabras (1861, rev.1893)
 Scherzo fantástico (4 hands) (1875)
 Adiós a la Alhambra (1897)

Vocal

Voice and piano
 La violette et le camélia (1855)
 Las dos hermanas, Op. 16 (1857)
 Acuérdate de Mí (1857)
 El cautivo (1860)
 El trueque (1861)
 Salve para tiple y contralto (1863)
 El cristiano moribundo (1867)
 Desconsuelo de una madre (1867)
 Sí, recuerdo (1868)

Non religious works
 Le retour des matelots (1855)
 El regreso a la patria (1860)
 Amor de madre (1870)

Religious works
 Ave verum corpus. Motete a tres voces
 Salve a 4 voces, con acompañamiento de órgano (o piano) op. 30
 Salve a 4 voces, con acompañamiento de orquesta op. 30
 Plegaria a la Santísima Cruz (1872)
 Véante mis ojos (1882)
 Requiescat in pace (1882)
 Álbum de la S.A.R. la Srma. Sra.Infanta Dª. <mask> Borbón (1883)
 O vos omnes (1883)
 Cántico a la Santísima Virgen, a dos voces con acompañamiento de órgano o piano (1884)
 Plegaria a 4 voces solas (1886)
 O sacrum Convivium, Motete al Santísimo Sacramento, para tenor con acompañamiento de órgano (1897)
 Invitatio Christum Regem saeculorum (1903)

References

 López-Calo, José: "Monasterio, Jesús", in Sadie, Stanley [ed. ], The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition (London: Macmillan, 2001). Conservatorio Jesús de Monasterio. Jesús de Monasterio [on line]. Santander [consulted 26 December 2016]. Available in http://www.conservatoriojesusdemonasterio.es/el-conservatorio/nuestra-historia/jesus-de-monasterio/
 García Velasco, M.: El violinista y compositor Jesús <mask>.Estudio biográfico y analítico (Universidad de Oviedo, 2003). García Velasco, M.: ; . <mask> López, Rosa María: Exposición de la obra de Ataúfo Argenta y Jesús de Monasterio (Ayuntamiento de Santander, 1993). 1836 births
1903 deaths
19th-century classical composers
Spanish classical violinists
Spanish Romantic composers

masks:
Jesús de Monasterio y Agüeros
Education De Monasterio
Isabel de
Monasterio
Monasterio
Isabel de
de Monasterio
Conde


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<mask> (15 September 1915 – 10 January 2007) was a film actor of Hong Kong, most famous for the roles he played in a number of Wuxia films in the 1950s and 1960s. The names Cho Tat-wah and Shih Kien were synonymous to "good and evil" in the colloquial language of Hong Kong because of the roles the two actors played in those movies. Yu So-chow co-starred many of Cho's movies. The two names Cho Tat-wah and Yu So-chow symbolized a perfect couple. His well-known roles include Lung Kim-fei (), Leung Foon () and Inspector Wah (). A native of Taishan, Guangdong, (Spoke Chinese Cantonese, and Chinese Taishenese) Cho began his actor career at the age of 15, and eventually starred in more than 700 movies. He was a compulsive gambler.Legend has it that he lost the Wah-tat Studio, which produced most of his movies at the time, at the gambling table. However, it is not certain whether the studio was owned by him. Filmography

Films
This is a partial list of films. Also Producer. 1970 Secret Agent No. 1 - Inspector. Also as Director.1970 The Young Girl Dares Not Homeward (aka Girl Wanders Around) - Inspector Tao. <mask>ong xi fa cai (1985) - Police Supt.Ge wu sheng ping (1985)Juk nei ho wan (1985)Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars (1985) - Supt. <mask>saoMo cuo gu (1985)Aces Go Places 4 (1986) - HuaThe Millionaire's Express (1986) - Shanghai Chief InspectorHuan le ding dong (1986) - Captain Chan
 1986 The Family Strikes Back 1986 Lucky Stars Go Places - Supt. <mask>sao
 1986 Mr. Vampire 2- Police Chief
 1988 Three Against the World - DetectiveFat lut mo ching (1988)Wu long zei ti shen (1988) - Supt. <mask>soAces Go Places 5: The Terracotta Hit (1989) - Uncle WahFa da xian sheng (1989)Mang gwai dai ha (1989) - Buddhist GodHuo bao xing dong (1989)Return of the Lucky Stars (1989) - Supt. <mask>soMeng gui zhuang gui (1989)Do si lip yan (1989) - Ma SirHuang jia fei feng (1989) - Joe TsoFunny Ghost (1989)The Iceman Cometh (1989) - Zheng's uncle instructorZhi ming de you huo (1990)Hu dan nu er hong (1990) - Yong's FatherMeng gui ba wang hua (1990) - Officer ChanBiao jie, ni hao ye! (1990) - Tzu's ex-comradeMa deng ru lai shen zhang (1990) - Master KooDemoness from Thousand Years (1990) - The Retard's FatherWu ye tian shi (1990) - Inspector Chao
 1994 It's a Wonderful Life - Dai-Foon Yum
 1996 How to Meet the Lucky Stars - Supt.<mask>
 2001 A Gambler's Story Television series
 1985 The Legendary Prime Minister – Zhuge Liang (TV Series) - Pong Tak-gung
 1986 Rise of the Great Wall (TV Series) - King Chiu-seung
 1986 The Romance of the White Hair Maiden (TV Series) - Taoist Pak-shek

 Personal life
In 1990, <mask> emigrated to London, England, with his son. In 1993, <mask> returned to Hong Kong to join TVB. In 1997, <mask> returned to England as his wife was then suffering kidney disease. In 2000, <mask>'s wife died, he returned alone to Hong Kong. In August 2006, <mask> was hospitalised for a month after falling down stairs at his home. In November 2006, <mask> returned to England. <mask>'s son lives in England and his daughter lives in the United States.In January 2007 <mask> died of haemorrhage of stomach in a hospital in London, England. One of his goddaughters is Connie Chan. ReferencesApple Daily'' , 16 January 2007

External links

 <mask> Tat-Wah at hkcinemamagic.com
 <mask> Tat-Wah at hkmdb.com
 <mask> Tat-Wah at lovehkfilm.com
 <mask> at senscritique.com
 <mask> at notrecinema.com
 <mask> at industrialhistoryhk.org

1915 births
2007 deaths
Hong Kong male film actors
Deaths from gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Hong Kong male television actors
People from Taishan, Guangdong
Male actors from Guangdong
20th-century Hong Kong male actors
21st-century Hong Kong male actors
Chinese male film actors
Chinese male television actors
20th-century Chinese male actors
21st-century Chinese male actors
Chinese emigrants to British Hong Kong

masks:
Walter Tso Tat Wah
Walter TsaG
Walter T
Walter T
Walter T
Walter T
Walter Tso
Tso
Tso
Tso
Tso
Tso
Tso
Tso
Tso
Walter Tso
Walter Tso
Walter Tso
Walter Tso
Walter Tso
Walter Tso


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Jesús A<mask> (born 1935) is a Cuban-American architect, urban planner, human rights activist, art collector, and businessman. He is known for an extensive career of community projects and initiatives in Florida, Washington, D.C., and Latin America. Biography
Born in Havana, Cuba, <mask> studied architecture at the School of Architecture and Planning in the University of Havana. His studies were interrupted by the outbreak of the Cuban Revolution. Jesús played a leading role in the opposition to Fidel Castro and the Communist forces through the Movimiento de Recuperación Revolucionaria (Movement for Revolutionary Recovery – MRR), one of the most influential organizations in the anti-Castro counterrevolution. He was initially a leader of the MRR's student arm where he oversaw members and activities in seven of the thirteen schools of the University of Havana. He then joined the MRR's Security Division where he quickly became Secretary of Security before eventually being elevated to Civic Coordinator and finally National Coordinator of the MRR.Following the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion, he fled to Venezuela via the Venezuelan Embassy and remained there for several months under diplomatic protection until permanently relocating to the United States. There he continued both his architecture and urban planning studies and career as well as taking up activism championing the cause of democracy and human rights for the Cuban people in the face of abuses by the Castro government. As such, Permuy would become one of the leading figures organizing and mobilizing the international community in the against the Castro government from the 1970s to the early 2000s through various organizations and platforms, including the United Nations. In addition to his career in architecture, planning, and community activism, Permuy was a key member of the early Latin art community of Miami as an art collector and gallery owner during the 1970s. He co-founded The Permuy Gallery with his first wife, prominent art dealer <mask>, which became historically significant as one of the first Cuban Art galleries in South Florida following the Cuban exodus. Over the course of his career Permuy has had leading public roles in multiple civic, community, and religious organizations, including service as a longtime Councilman of the Agrupacion Catolica Universitaria, and has hosted a weekly radio show on Radio Paz. Following in his legacy, The Permuy family remains active in art, architecture, politics, and community initiatives.Architecture and urban planning
After relocating to Miami in 1962 Permuy immediately continued working in the architecture field. During the 1960s and '70s, Permuy was part of the architecture teams behind several prominent Florida structures and landmarks including the New World Tower and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium. Alongside his architecture career, in 1967 he received a Master of City and Regional Planning degree from the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. and became certified by both the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) and the American Planning Association. His early planning roles were county-level management, first as Head Planner of the Anne Arundel County Planning and Zoning Department's Project Planning Section in Maryland. After relocating back to South Florida in 1970, he acted as Planning Division Supervisor of Metro Dade County (now Miami-Dade County) Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) until 1973, when the Miami Herald reported that he resigned from the position for the private sector role of Vice President of International Investment Group Inc.'s Housing and Development branch. He would later briefly return to the public sector to serve in Metro Dade County's Office of Transportation Administration, Chief Development Planning Branch from 1978 to 1980 and then served as an architecture and planning consultant thereafter. Permuy's persistent community activism was key in the establishment of Little Havana's Jose Marti Park in 1980.He began efforts to establish a park for the significant Hispanic community in the area in 1972, applying his architecture and urban planning background as a community consultant to help select the eventual location in 1973. Permuy recommended a site on the Miami River, which was met with some protest, but unanimously approved by the Miami City Commission. Permuy would go on to be a member of the five-person jury that chose the final design from a pool of thirteen submissions. In 1983, Permuy was appointed by the Miami City Commission to the East Little Havana Task Force, which was assembled that year to investigate and combat the deteriorating economic and living conditions in the area as a result of the Mariel boatlift crisis. He was then elected Vice Chair of the Taskforce later that year. By 1984 he was made co-chairman and helped develop the East Little Havana Redevelopment Plan, which was submitted to the City of Miami at the conclusion of the Taskforce that year. Permuy was later appointed by El Salvador's President, José Napoleón Duarte to lead the Earthquake Reconstruction Committee in the aftermath of the 1986 San Salvador earthquake and consequently spent the following year training El Salvadorian officials on modern urban planning principals following the reconstruction.Permuy has also been a frequent guest lecturer, traveling nationally and internationally to share his expertise and design philosophy with several leading institutions including Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University, the University of Miami, and Florida International University. He has had an extended relationship with the latter two, as he has served as a Jury Member for the University of Miami Department of Architecture and Planning and taught advanced senior and graduate-level urban planning courses at Florida International University in the 1980s. Permuy had also served on the City of Miami's Urban Development Review Board (UDRB), the Latin Community Board, and other civic and community boards, panels, and committees. He currently serves on the Miami-Dade County Social and Economic Development Council, and is a principal in the firm Permuy Architecture. In 2018, Miami River Commission chairman Horacio Aguirre publicly declared him "one of Miami's finest architects". Human rights activism
<mask> has been a key figure in spotlighting human rights in Cuba since the Cuban revolution over the course of his career. In 1974 Permuy founded the Center for Human Rights of Miami and served as its president for over thirty years.The center advocated for human rights internationally and helped connect families living in Cuba with their relatives in the United States. From 1976 to 2006, he led or represented other international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that work on the world stage with Consultative Status in the United Nations, including the International Association of Educators for World Peace, and the International Association for the Defense of Religious Liberty. When Permuy began his international diplomatic trips in the 1970s, he funded his trips through grassroots small donations from the Miami community, including phone-in radio marathons, a tradition that would continue into the 1990s. He also served as the former Vice President of both the Human Rights Commission of Christian Democratic International (as well as the HRC co-founder), and the Christian Democratic Organization of America's Caribbean Region. In his work advocating for international human rights, he has also served as president of the Christian Democratic Party of Cuba, as well as president and later chairman of the Cuban Municipalities in Exile. He was also president of the influential federation of over thirty Cuban organizations, Unidad Cubana (Cuban Unity) in addition to the Christian Democratic Movement of Cuba, both of which were active internationally to raise awareness to human rights abuses in Cuba and other Latin American dictatorships as well as engaging in lobbying and diplomatic efforts to enact change. By the late 1970s, Permuy had been elected President of the latter organization, also referred to as the Cuban Christian Democrat Movement.The Miami Herald's profile of the Cuban Christian Democrat Movement stated that Permuy spearheaded an international diplomatic strategy to call out the Castro regime's human rights abuses and work with other Christian-Democratic governments to withhold international support until governmental changes were made. At its peak in the 1980s, the group, often called by its Spanish abbreviation MDC, had chapters in several large cities with significant Cuban populations such as New York City and Los Angeles. In 1984, the Center for Human Rights of Miami successfully lobbied to have Cuba's diplomatic representative Luis Sola Vila removed from a key subcommittee of the United Nations Human Rights Council and replaced with a representative from Ireland, a Christian-Democratic ally of Permuy's international campaign. By 1992, there had been a substantial change in Geneva as the UN Human Rights Council had shifted from initial rejection, then indifference and towards embrace of Permuy's diplomatic efforts. That year Permuy testified to the House of Representatives as President of the Christian Democratic Party to push for the Cuban Democracy Act during the Special Period in Cuba following the conclusion of the Cold War. The bill passed later that year. The following year (1993) Permuy was part of efforts to establish an independent news agency in Cuba to report news that was censored by the Castro government.In 1998 Permuy testified again to the United States Congress on the human rights situation in Cuba. In 2018, former Miami Mayor and radio personality Tomas Regalado credited Permuy with inventing the strategy of the international human rights campaign against the Castro regime, adding "Little by little, the human rights cause of Cuba became something of importance to the world. So when we write the real Cuban history, we owe several pages to Jesús." Coral Gables Mayor Raul Valdes-Fauli stated Permuy's "human rights activities on behalf of Cuba have been significant and very influential." The arts
Permuy's work in the arts, particularly Cuban art, began in his years as a student in the University of Havana. In that time he was part of a well-regarded student design publication, Espacio, through which he became acquainted with many artists, including Amelia Peláez and José María Mijares. He began designing layouts for the magazine before serving as its last director when it was shut down in 1957 as a result of the Cuban Revolution.He also served as cultural secretary of the University Student Federation (Federacion Estudiantil Universitaria) and organized a major art exhibition in the university called "Operación Cultura" to invite those living in the rural parts of Cuba to engage with the arts and the university. After relocating to the United States following the revolution, exiled Cuban artists struggled as their patrons had little to spend on the arts. As a result, many went back to school despite being known names in Cuba to become accredited in the American art market, though there were few spaces to display their work in the meantime. Recognizing this need and the role of art to help shape and reaffirm a community's cultural identity, Jesús co-founded the Permuy Gallery in Coral Gables with his first wife, Cuban art dealer and patron <mask>. Through its run in the early and mid 1970s, the Permuy Gallery was significant for being one of the first Cuban art galleries in south Florida following the Cuban exodus and held many events, exhibitions, and cultural salon gatherings. It was also credited with beginning the Friday Gallery Nights tradition that continues in Coral Gables as a monthly event, though its was originally held every week. The gallery featured the artwork of several renowned and established Cuban artists as well as newcomers seeking to launch their careers across painting, ceramic, and sculpture.Many were friends of the Permuys while others would become part of their social circles through the gallery. Some notable featured artists included: Peláez, Mijares, René Portocarrero, Víctor Manuel García Valdés, Juan Gonzalez, Rafael Soriano, Emilio Falero, Dionisio Perkins, and Lourdes Gomez-Franca. Several of the artists shared a background in architecture with Permuy, such as Baruj Salinas, Rafael Consuegra, and Miguel Jorge, which influenced their art. The Permuy Gallery had a legacy that extended beyond its five-year run. The Permuys continued to host art salon gatherings of Cuban artists, collectors, writers, politicians, and business leaders in their Coral Gables residence, the Permuy House, in addition to occasional private exhibitions. In 2018 the Permuy Architecture firm began hosting an annual holiday art exhibition in honor of the Permuy Gallery and its legacy. The tradition is always held on a Friday as a nod to the Friday Gallery Nights and features artwork from the Permuy collection.Family
Both Jesús <mask>'s parents were Spaniards from the Galicia region and his ancestry is descendant of the Permuy family of minor Galician nobility through his father's lineage. His parents relocated to Cuba during the period of political turmoil in Spain between the Rif War and the Spanish Civil War. His father, a businessman, died when he was a child, therefore he and his two brothers were raised by their mother. After his own emigration to the United States and career there, he went on to have seven children with his first wife, Marta, and one child with his second wife Marie Carmen. His children and grandchildren have furthered his legacy in the community through their own subsequent careers. His eldest son, <mask>, is also an architect and the President and founder of the Permuy Architecture firm, in which Jesús is a principal. Another son, Pedro Pablo <mask>, continued the family's active involvement in politics through an extensive career that included serving as a senior advisor to Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, and later being appointed by President Bill Clinton to serve as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense during his second term.Jesús <mask> is also uncle-in-law to the late MasTec and Cuban American National Foundation founder Jorge Mas Canosa. His other children and grandchildren are active in finance, construction, real estate, fashion, and design. The <mask> family also remains active in the arts as artists, collectors, dealers, and curators. Recognition
Congressman Lincoln Díaz-Balart referenced Permuy in a speech on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994 as "a distinguished member of the community that I am honored to represent". In 2010, the Miami-Dade County Mayor Carlos Álvarez and the County Commission awarded him a Certificate of Appreciation in recognition of his service on the Social and Economic Development Council and his work in the community. In 2017 Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen gave a Statement of Congressional Record on the floor of the House of Representatives to pay tribute to his life and career and calling him "a shining example to us all". In 2018, a public ceremony was held in his honor during which Ros-Lehtinen presented him with a Flag of the United States that she had flown over the United States Capitol earlier that year in recognition of his community contributions.Permuy was also presented with the Key to the City of Coral Gables by Mayor Raul Valdes-Fauli. In October 2019 Miami-Dade County honored Permuy by co-designating a portion of Miami Avenue in Downtown Miami bordering Brickell Avenue and U.S. Route 1 as "Jesús A. Permuy Street". The resolution was sponsored by County Commissioner and former Miami Mayor Xavier Suarez and passed unanimously. The dedication ceremony was held in Miami City Hall on February 18, 2020, to coincide with the 60th anniversary of Permuy's involvement in a pro-democracy protest against the 1960 Havana state visit of top Soviet Premier Anastas Mikoyan to show the growing support and influence of the Soviet Union and the Castro regime. Speakers in the ceremony included his sons Ignacio and Pedro Pablo as well as former Miami Mayor Tomás Regalado, Coral Gables Vice Mayor Vince Lago, and the keynote delivered by Xavier Suarez. References

1935 births
People from Havana
People from Coral Gables, Florida
Living people
Catholic University of America alumni
20th-century Cuban people
21st-century Cuban people
Cuban emigrants to the United States
Cuban expatriates in the United States
Exiles of the Cuban Revolution in the United States
Opposition to Fidel Castro
Cuban dissidents
Cuban revolutionaries
Cuban human rights activists
Architects from Florida
People of Spanish descent
Cuban people of Spanish descent
American people of Spanish descent

masks:
. Permuy
Permuy
Marta Permuy
Jesus Permuy
Marta Permuy
Permuy
Ignacio Permuy
Permuy
Permuy
Permuy