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<mask> (born 29 September 1949) is a leading Northern Irish loyalist who was a member of the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). The organisation was founded in 1996 by Billy Wright. She was acquitted of murdering a Catholic council worker, Adrian Lamph, in 1998, but convicted in January 2007 and sentenced to eight years imprisonment for destroying evidence following the 1998 murder, impeding the arrest and prosecution of his killers, and LVF membership. She was also found guilty of withholding information regarding a shooting, possession of firearms, detonators and pipe bombs. Her co-accused, LVF leader Jim Fulton, was convicted of directing the 1999 murder of Elizabeth O'Neill, along with a series of other offences, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Their trial, which lasted from September 2005 until December 2006, was the longest in the legal history of Northern Ireland. Early years and marriage
<mask> was born in Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland on 29 September 1949 and was brought up as a Protestant.She grew up in Portadown's Brownstown estate. In the early 1970s she met her former husband, William Landry, on hippie camp trips. Together they have two sons, Mahatma and Oddysseus; and three daughters, Rain, Talutha and Aisha. <mask> and Landry divorced around 1999 or 2000. Her sons live with her ex-husband in California. <mask> was charged with possession of a controlled drug in 1969 at Bow Street Magistrates' Court when she was 19 years old. In 1990, she was imprisoned for a year in the United States for possession of illegal drugs.Upon her release in 1991, she returned to Northern Ireland. Loyalist Volunteer Force
<mask> became involved in loyalist paramilitary activities in December 1991,   shortly after her return to Northern Ireland from her sojourn in the United States and imprisonment. In 1996, Billy Wright, leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force's (UVF) Mid-Ulster Brigade, formed the breakaway group, the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). This came about when Wright and the Mid-Ulster's Portadown unit were stood down by the UVF's Brigade Staff (Belfast leadership) following the unsanctioned killing of a Catholic taxi driver, Michael McGoldrick, by the Mid-Ulster Brigade while the UVF were on ceasefire. Expelled from the UVF and threatened with execution, Wright defied the Belfast leadership and took most of the officially-disbanded Portadown unit with him, including brothers Mark "Swinger" Fulton and Jim Fulton. <mask> also became a member of the new loyalist paramilitary organisation. In June 1997 the LVF was proscribed by the British Government and six months later, Wright was shot dead at the Maze Prison by the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA); <mask> acted as one of Wright's pallbearers at his funeral.Following Wright's assassination, Mark Fulton took over as the LVF's leader. On 21 April 1998, 29-year-old Catholic council worker, Adrian Lamph was killed outside Fair Green Amenity Centre in Portadown. He was shot in the head at close range by an LVF gunman on a mountain bike wearing a red scarf over his face. The shot allegedly hit Lamph between the eyes and  blew his head off. <mask> later claimed she came upon the naked gunman in an alleyway. She took away the gun used in the shooting and hid it, while another LVF member burned his clothing to destroy evidence. She also arranged for the bike to be thrown into the river.Lamph was the last victim of the LVF before they called a ceasefire in May 1998. In 1999, <mask> got into a violent street altercation with Mid-Ulster UVF brigadier Richard Jameson, who slapped her forcefully in the face after he had accused her of involvement in drugs. She left Northern Ireland the same year along with two of her daughters, and transferred to England. She first took up residence at a bed-and-breakfast in Plymouth, Devon but shortly afterwards moved to Cornwall. Immediately after her arrival in England she was put under police surveillance. The following January, Jameson was shot dead by the LVF outside his home in Portadown. In March 2000, Fulton was deported from the United States for breaches of immigration laws and went to live in Plymouth.Arrest and imprisonment
In June 2001, <mask> and her two daughters, Rain and Talutha Landry were arrested in Cornwall, where she had been living, following taped conversations the three women had with Fulton and undercover police officers in which they boasted about their involvement in various LVF-related attacks and revealed the names of the perpetrators. She also admitted to having extorted money by threatening the owners and workers of local Portadown building sites and bars. <mask> had returned from a holiday in Portugal when she was arrested and brought from Cornwall to London for questioning. After four days, she and Rain were flown to Northern Ireland where they faced charges relating to terrorism. Talutha was eventually released by the London police without having been charged. At the Craigavon Magistrates Court, <mask> was accused of the murder of Adrian Lamph and Rain was charged with an arson attack and causing an explosion. <mask> pleaded not guilty, while Rain refused to answer the plea.When Mark Fulton was found dead in Maghaberry Prison of an apparent suicide in June 2002, Jim Fulton succeeded his brother as the LVF's commander. <mask> and Jim Fulton were indicted jointly but charged separately. Their trial, which took place at the Belfast Crown Court, lasted from September 2005 to December 2006, making it the longest in Northern Ireland's legal history. <mask> faced a total of 11 charges, including the murder of Lamph and conspiring to cause explosions in the Republic of Ireland, all of which she denied. She claimed in her defence that she had lied to the undercover police officers in an effort to impress them. Her taped conversations with the undercover police officers in England were presented at court. Although <mask> was acquitted of Lamph's murder, she was convicted of destroying evidence, and impeding the arrest and prosecution of his killers.She was also convicted of LVF membership, withholding information about a shooting, and possession of firearms, detonators and pipe bombs. The pipe bombs were used at the 1998 Drumcree standoff and the detonators were to be used in a proposed bombing campaign in the Republic of Ireland in 1997. <mask> had brought the pipe bombs to Drumcree after collecting them from Frankie Curry, an independent loyalist dissident who was noted for his expertise as a bomb maker. She was sentenced by Mr. Justice Harte in January 2007 to eight years imprisonment. Her co-accused Jim Fulton received a life sentence for directing the pipe-bomb killing of Elizabeth O'Neill (a Protestant married to a Catholic) and a series of other offences, including seven attempted murders. <mask>, a grandmother, was incarcerated at the Ash House block of Hydebank Young Offenders Centre Centre in Belfast. References

1949 births
Loyalist Volunteer Force members
Ulster loyalists imprisoned on charges of terrorism
People from Portadown
Living people

masks:
Muriel Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson


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<mask> (born May 17, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player. A power forward-center, he played college basketball for the University of Arizona. He was drafted eighth overall by the New York Knicks in the 2005 NBA draft, and was the first college senior to be selected in that draft. He also played for the Portland Trail Blazers, Phoenix Suns, Orlando Magic, Cleveland Cavaliers and Los Angeles Lakers, winning an NBA Championship with the Cavaliers in 2016. High school career
Frye attended St. Mary's High School in Phoenix, Arizona where he was rated as the No. 98 recruit in the nation by Hoop Scoop and the No. 13 center in the country by Fast Break Recruiting Service.As a junior in 1999–2000, he averaged 15 points, 12 rebounds, nine blocks and six assists per game for coach David Lopez as he led the team to a 26–7 record, a berth in the Class 5A state tournament semi-finals and a No. 19 national ranking by USA Today. As a senior in 2000–01, Frye averaged 22 points, 15 rebounds, six blocks and three assists per game and he led St. Mary's to the 2001 Class 5A state championship with a 30–3 record. He was subsequently named Player of the Year by the Arizona Republic and the Arizona Gatorade Player of the Year while earning fourth-team Parade All-America and McDonald's All-America honors. College career
As a freshman at Arizona in 2001–02, Frye was a key contributor for the Wildcats as he started 25 of 34 games after working his way into the starting lineup by late December and stayed there for the rest of the season. He earned Pac-10 All-Freshman team honors after averaging 9.5 points, 6.3 rebounds and 1.5 blocks in 23.9 minutes per game. As a sophomore in 2002–03, Frye was an honorable mention All-Pac-10 selection and earned Pac-10 Player of the Week honors on February 27, 2003 following a win over Arizona State.In 32 games (27 starts), he averaged 12.6 points, 8.0 rebounds and 1.9 blocks in 25.4 minutes per game. As a junior in 2003–04, Frye earned first-team All-Pac-10 and USBWA All-District 9 team honors. In 30 games (all starts), he averaged 15.9 points, 7.4 rebounds, 1.9 assists and 2.1 blocks in 30.3 minutes per game. As a senior in 2004–05, Frye received the University of Arizona's Sapphire Award, which is given to the outstanding senior male student-athlete. He also earned the 2004–05 Pacific-10 Conference Sportsmanship Award. For a second consecutive year, he earned first-team All-Pac-10 and USBWA All-District 9 team honors, as well as first-team NABC All-NCAA District 15 selection. In 37 games (all starts), he averaged 15.8 points, 7.6 rebounds, 1.9 assists and 2.3 blocks in 31.0 minutes per game.Frye finished his four-year career at Arizona with eight double-doubles in 12 NCAA Tournament appearances while registering 93 double-figure-point and 35 double-figure-rebound games. Professional career

New York Knicks (2005–2007)

Frye was selected with the eighth overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft by the New York Knicks. He scored a season-high 30 points twice during the 2005–06 season. On March 21, 2006, he sprained his left knee ligament in a game against the Toronto Raptors when Raptors guard Andre Barrett lost his balance and smashed his shoulder into Frye's knee, causing Frye to miss the rest of the season. During the 2006–07 season, power forward David Lee led the team in rebounding and field goal percentage, and was statistically superior to Frye in almost every category, but Knicks' head coach Isiah Thomas, until February 3, 2007, kept Frye in the starting lineup. Thomas' rationale was that Frye was a superior perimeter shooter, and his perimeter shooting would make it harder for teams to double team Knicks leading scorer Eddy Curry. On February 3, in a game against the Orlando Magic, Thomas took Frye out of the starting lineup and replaced him with little-used center, Jerome James.James had only appeared in 19 of the Knicks' 48 games, and averaged 2.7 points and 1.9 rebounds in those games. Thomas explained the change, saying, "I think Jerome is one of the best defensive big men in the game in terms of the center position." Frye was selected to the 2005–06 NBA All-Rookie first team, and finished fifth in points (45) behind Chris Paul (58), Charlie Villanueva (56), Andrew Bogut (55), and Deron Williams (46). Portland Trail Blazers (2007–2009)

On June 28, 2007, Frye was traded, along with Steve Francis, to the Portland Trail Blazers in exchange for Zach Randolph, Fred Jones and Dan Dickau. Frye wore jersey No. 44 after wearing No. 7 with the Knicks, as guard Brandon Roy already wore No.7 for the Trail Blazers. As a back-up center in 2007–08, Frye averaged 6.8 points and 4.5 rebounds per game. In September 2008, Frye had surgery to remove bone spurs from his left ankle. He went on to serve as a back-up once again in 2008–09 as he averaged a career-low 4.2 points and 2.2 rebounds per game. Phoenix Suns (2009–2014)
On July 14, 2009, Frye signed with the Phoenix Suns to a reported two-year, $3.8 million contract with an option on the second year. In February 2010, Frye was selected to the NBA All-Star Weekend Three-Point Shootout, becoming the first center invited since Sam Perkins in 1997. After not taking up his contract option, Frye signed a new five-year, $30 million contract with the Suns on July 8, 2010.During the summer of 2012, Frye was screened at a regular team physical screening, and learned he had an enlarged heart via dilated cardiomyopathy, forcing him to sit out the entire 2012–13 season. As a result, Frye filled in as a broadcaster during pre-game shows for the Suns, starting with the November 2 home game against the Detroit Pistons. To recover from his heart defect, he took up yoga and golf, later on enduring more basketball related challenges like running and mid-range shooting. He was cleared to play for the Suns before the team's 2013 training camp practices began on August 30. He made his return on October 9, 2013 in the 104–98 preseason win over the Portland Trail Blazers. He made his first regular season return on October 30, 2013 in the 104–91 win over the Trail Blazers. On June 23, 2014, Frye opted out of the final year of his contract with the Suns.Orlando Magic (2014–2016)
On July 14, 2014, Frye signed with the Orlando Magic to a reported four-year, $32 million contract. His first season with the Magic was disappointing on the court, as Frye averaged his lowest point and rebound totals per game since his final season in Portland. Cleveland Cavaliers (2016–2018)

On February 18, 2016, Frye was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in exchange for Jared Cunningham and a future second-round pick. Acquired for his ability to stretch the floor and for his outside shooting, Frye, in just his second game as a Cavalier on February 24, hit four three-pointers and finished with 15 points off the bench in a 114–103 win over the Charlotte Hornets. In the Cavaliers' 2016 second round playoff series against the Atlanta Hawks, Frye helped the team go up 3–0 with 27 points on 10-of-13 shooting, including 7-of-9 from three-point range, in a Game 3 win. The Cavaliers went on to sweep the Hawks and advance to the Eastern Conference Finals. There he helped the Cavaliers defeat the Toronto Raptors in six games.<mask>'s role in the NBA Finals was reduced, as he played minor minutes over the first four games, before failing to appear in the following three games. Despite being down 3–1 following a Game 4 loss to the Golden State Warriors, the Cavaliers went on to win the series in seven games. On November 13, 2016, Frye scored a season-high 20 points in the Cavaliers' 100–93 win over the Charlotte Hornets. On February 14, 2017, following the announcement that Kevin Love would be out for six weeks with an injury, Frye started in Love's place and had 21 points and 10 rebounds in a 116–108 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. Frye helped the Cavaliers go 12–1 over the first three rounds of the 2017 playoffs to once again reach the NBA Finals, where they lost in five games to the Golden State. Los Angeles Lakers (2018)
On February 8, 2018, the Cavaliers traded Frye, Isaiah Thomas and a 2018 first-round draft pick to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for Jordan Clarkson and Larry Nance Jr.

Return to Cleveland (2018–2019)
On July 19, 2018, Frye signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers, returning to the franchise for a second stint. On March 1, 2019, he announced that the 2018–19 season would be his last in the NBA, after confirming with his accountant that he had "enough money to get extra guacamole every time".<mask> <mask> has also worked as a Studio Analyst for NBATV since 2020 and a fill-in Studio analyst for the NBA on TNT since 2021. Personal life
Frye is the son of the late <mask> and the late Karen Mulzac-<mask>. Fellow NBA player and former teammate, Tobias Harris, is Frye's cousin. His grandfather, John Mulzac, was a member of the Tuskegee Airmen. Frye and his wife, Lauren (née Lisoski), have 4 children. In 2007, Frye established The Channing Frye Foundation. The foundation was founded with the goal of pointing youth in a positive and healthy direction.In 2010, Frye and his wife established The Frye Family Foundation in order to give back to the communities that are important to the Fryes, in particular, Portland, Oregon and Phoenix. Frye also sponsors a charity kickball tournament in Portland. References

External links

 Arizona Wildcats bio

1983 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
American podcasters
Arizona Wildcats men's basketball players
Basketball players from Phoenix, Arizona
Centers (basketball)
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Los Angeles Lakers players
New York Knicks draft picks
New York Knicks players
Orlando Magic players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
People from White Plains, New York
Phoenix Suns announcers
Phoenix Suns players
Portland Trail Blazers players
Power forwards (basketball)
American men podcasters
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Channing Thomas Frye
Frye
Channing
Frye
Thomas Frye
Frye


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<mask> (1856– 2 May 1936) was an Indian-born Kenyan merchant, politician and philanthropist. He was amongst the first and most influential Indian settlers in Kenya, amassing significant wealth and becoming a leader of Kenya's Indian community. Early life
<mask> was born in Karachi, then part of the Bombay Presidency in British India to Shia Dawoodi Bohra parents who traced their origins back to the western part of present-day Gujarat. His father was a horse and cart driver and he received minimal education. At the age of thirty and upon the death of his father he left home to wander India, embarking on a career as an itinerant peddler. He then moved to eastern Australia where he became fluent in English, set up a company selling Eastern produce, participated in the 1887 Jubilee Exhibition, and met British officials familiar with trade opportunities in East Africa. Returning to Karachi, he established a company providing stevedoring and translation services to visiting ships.In 1890 he sailed to Mombasa on a dhow to open a branch of his company there, branching out into road building, construction and transport. Business
In 1895, A.M<mask> of Karachi — as he was called at the time, was awarded the contract to supply the Imperial British East Africa Company with labour as they built the Uganda Railway. He imported his workforce from the Punjab region of British India. The first group to arrive had a total of 350 men and the number grew for the next six years to reach a total of 31,895. Most of the workforce were Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims who worked as skilled labourers, artisans, bricklayers, carpenters, plumbers, tailors, motor mechanics and electrical fitters. The construction of the railway proved hugely profitable for Jevanjee and his company in Mombasa. He now established a commercial empire across the Indian Ocean, including two steamships between Mauritius and Bombay and between Bombay and Jeddah.He was lauded in the European press as a "real asset to a young country", who spoke English with "quite a good accent" and whose methods were "approximating more to the European, than the Asiatic type. He soon ventured into other business interests in the region. By 1900 it was estimated he was worth approximately four million pounds sterling. His firm undertook contracts to build various government offices, railway stations and post offices all along the railway. He further played a large role in the growth of Nairobi, supplying much capital to develop the town's infrastructure. It was estimated that at the turn of the century, he was the leading property owner in both Nairobi and Mombasa, owning the greater part of the former and half of the latter. In 1901 he bought the Indian bazaar in Nairobi, and in 1904 built a permanent market named Jeevanjee market with the aim of developing trade in European produce on a global scale.His plans were thwarted following the outbreak of a plague in 1908, which authorities blamed on unhygienic conditions in his market and resulted in the colonial government restricting lower class Indians and Africans to specific quarters for residence and small time trading. In 1910, European settlers opened a market in Nairobi for the exclusive use of Europeans in order to circumvent and circumscribe <mask> and other Indians within the economic sphere. At the time Indians controlled nearly 85 percent of the colony's trade. He was also a notable philanthropist, supporting religious institutions, the Bohra mosque and cemetery in Nairobi and several schools in Karachi. In 1906 he gifted Nairobi City Council a marble statue of Queen Victoria which he had commissioned. During the First World War, he offered his services to the government to help alleviate food shortages suffered by Indians in German East Africa and Zanzibar. Politics
When construction of the Uganda Railway reached Lake Victoria, <mask> began taking an active role in political life, and launched the African Standard which was a weekly newspaper.He had hired an editor-reporter, W.H. Tiller whose work was to oversee the operations of the newspaper. In 1905, he sold the newspaper to two British businessmen, Anderson and Mayer, who renamed it the East African Standard. Later in 1910 the paper became a daily newspaper and it moved its headquarters to Nairobi which was a fast developing commercial center. <mask> co-founded the Mombasa Indian Association in response to the European settlers' Convention on Associations and began to mobilise the Indian community in the struggle for equal rights. Disappointed by the lack of progress he returned to India but in 1910 returned to take up a seat as a member of the Legislative Council. He was the first non-European appointed to represent the interests of Indians in the Legislative Council.In September 1910 he visited London and gave an interview to the Daily Chronicle criticising attempts by European settlers to exclude Indians from a share in the country's commerce. Stating his pride in being a citizen of the British Empire, he proclaimed that if Indian enterprise was allowed to operate freely, Kenya would become a second India, and a source of great strength to the Empire. By positioning himself as pro-imperialist, fighting for Indian equality within the framework of the Empire and reserving his ire for the policies of the white settlers, the majority of whom happened to be Boer rather than British, he was able to attract sympathy amongst the British press. In 1912, he published an Appeal on behalf of the Indians of East Africa in which he cited the role played by Indians in developing East Africa and issued a call for British East Africa to be annexed by the British Indian Empire and its administration to follow Indian principles. His appeal failed to attract the attention of the Indian National Congress but he did receive support from the Aga Khan, then head of the All India Muslim League and Gopal Krishna Gokhale. <mask>'s increasing political activism began to be detrimental to his business interests and during this period he began losing grip on the empire he had built up. In 1914 he helped establish the East African Indian National Congress.The aim of the association was to defend Indian interests against European infringements, and demand the right to franchise, removal of restrictions on land sales, and greater Indian representation on legislative and municipal councils. In 1920, he gave a fiery speech attacking racist settler policies restricting Indian access to the franchise and White Highlands and citing discrimination in taxation, education, municipal services and residential areas. The following year, he mobilised the Indian community of Nairobi to withhold payment of rates for the Municipal Council of Nairobi. He was indicted for non-payment of rates but won the case in the courts on a technicality forcing the legislature to pass a new bill on the collection of municipal rates. In 1923 he took part in the delegation to meet the Duke of Devonshire at the Colonial Office which in turn led to the Devonshire White Paper emphasising African Paramountcy. By the mid 1920s he had moved away from leadership roles, becoming more a mentor and guide to younger Indian political leaders. In 1926 his protege Manilal Desai died and he returned to the forefront when asked to preside over the sixth session of the East African Indian National Congress to help a rift between radicals and moderates.In 1933, when Jan Smuts visited Kenya, he visited <mask> to renew an old friendship. Death
<mask> died of a heart attack on 2 May 1936, in Nairobi, at the age of eighty. He was survived by his wife and two sons. At the time of his death he was a bankrupt, having lost his vast fortune by gambling in produce. One newspaper described him as the "Grand Old Man of Kenya", whilst another stated he was the "first man to demand equality and that "he laid the foundations of an organised political movement in Kenya". He was buried according to Islamic ritual on the day he died at the Bohra Cemetery in Nairobi. Jeevanjee Gardens
In 1906, whilst at the height of his wealth, <mask> began construction of gardens which were to be known as Jeevanjee Gardens.In 1906 he gifted the gardens to the people of Nairobi to use as a place to relax. These gardens became the subject in the news headlines in 1991 where some leaders in authority were purporting to turn it into a commercial plot. There had been a proposed construction of a Multi-storey car park which was against the wish of <mask>. The youngest remaining daughter of <mask>, the late Shirin Najmudean moved to Nairobi to stop the planned development on the piece of land. See also
 Jeevanjee Gardens

References

Literature
 Patel, Zarina Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee East Africa Publishers Education LTD (2002)

1856 births
1939 deaths
Indian emigrants to Kenya
Indian Ismailis
Kenyan Ismailis
Dawoodi Bohras
Businesspeople of Indian descent
20th-century Kenyan businesspeople
Kenyan people of Indian descent
Indian Muslims
Gujarati people
Kenyan Muslims
Kenyan people of Gujarati descent
Kenyan philanthropists
British Kenya people

masks:
Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
. Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee


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<mask> (; 24 February 1843 – 28 January 1924) was a Portuguese writer, playwright, politician and the leader of the Republican Provisional Government after the overthrow of King Manuel II, as well as the second elected president of the First Portuguese Republic, after the resignation of President Manuel de Arriaga. Biography
<mask> was born in the Azores, in São José, Ponta Delgada, his father was <mask> who probably a descendant of one of  King João V’s illegitimate children, most likely António of Braganza who was a Doctor in Theology, knight of Order of Christ and known for one of 3 Children of Palhavã. His mother was Maria José da Câmara e Albuquerque, from the island of Santa Maria, another descendant of Portuguese nobility because she was probably traced to Infanta D. Urraca, who was the one of King Afonso III’s illegitimate children, as the genealogist Ferreira Serpa has shown. <mask> was the 13th descendant of Diogo Gonçalves de Travassos, father of D. Pedro  who married Violente Velho Cabral, sister of the Commander of Almourol, Gonçalo Velho, and descendant of Cristovão Falcão, a poet and Count of Avranches. His mother had seven children (<mask> being the youngest), of which three died during infancy, the others being Luís, João Fernandes and Maria José. <mask>'s father became a widower when <mask> was only three years old (his mother died at the age of 31 years). Originally, his father was an artillery lieutenant and commander in Mosteiros, and quit the army after the Concession of Evoramonte, and without means, he established a nautical school and mathematics in Ponta Delgada, eventually finding a job at the local secondary school in Ponta Delgada.Two years later, the older <mask> wed a woman (Ricarda Joaquina Marfim Pereira) with a decidedly bad attitude to the young boy, fathering two daughters with Ricarda (Maria da Glória and Maria do Espírito Santo). The child took refuge in literature, and specifically in the public library in Ponta Delgada or at the home of the Viscount of Praia, where his father (for a time) was a private tutor to the Viscount's daughters. It was in the Ribeira Grande newspaper A Estrela Oriental (The Oriental Star), edited by former-pharmacist Francisco Maria Supico (a native of Lousã), that his first naive poem A Canção do Guerreiro ("A Song of the Warrior"), in a patriotic tone, dedicated to his brother João Fernandes <mask> was published. He followed these with O Meteoro and O Santelmo. At the age of 15 in 1859, in an edition paid for by the Viscount of Praia, he published a book of verses entitled Folhas Verdes ("Green Leaves") and edited by the newspaper A Ilha (The Island); it was a timid imitation of Folhas Caídas (Fallen Leaves) by noted author Almeida Garrett. He revealed a tenacity and combative nature and was known to have been disciplined during his time at his secondary school in Ponta Delgada (where his father was teacher) for disparaging remarks made to his teacher. At the end of secondary school <mask> hoped for future prospects, even informing his father of his intention to leave São Miguel and travel to America for a professional career (likely as a typographer or merchant).But his father suggested expanding his studies at the University of Coimbra, mindful of his child's lack of abilities in his preferred fields. Therefore, <mask> <mask>, student, arrived in Coimbra in April 1861, with hopes of achieving a doctorate in Theology or Law; after a year, in which he repeated his prerequisite entrance qualifications, he joined the Faculty of Law at the University. His first lodging would be at the home of Filipe de Quental (1824–1892), professor of Medicine and paternal uncle of the author Antero de Quental. University

Life as a student was spartan and austere, and he did not adopt the Bohemian lifestyle on campus, preferring to concentrate on his studies. A contemporary, the writer Ramalho Ortigão, had this to say of the young <mask>:
"Simple, sober, hard, with habits of austerity bordering on spartan, he knows how to reduce his requirements as he lacks resources, living in his isolation like Robinson on his island, <mask> <mask> has a unique passion, a passion of a prelate of science. He does not publish a volume per week because there is no machine in Portugal that can accompany the rapidness of his pen. He writes with grace, disinterested, in the satisfaction of his supreme pleasure, pleasure of spilling ideas.This incredible force and at the same time his unique weakness; I've never met another. At his most acerbic nature, he has a passion of his ideas...in the 19th century, with his systematic activity and with his impatience guided by the profoundly pacifist philosophy of Augusto Comte, <mask> <mask> is the most perfect archetype of the uncredited worker and useful citizen. In the middle of Portuguese society...[we are] consoled by the power of contemplation, and a figure such as <mask> <mask> is a rare curiosity that we call...a human"

While at Coimbra he became involved with the literary agitation; <mask> joined his contemporaries, which included the writer Antero de Quental, in what became known as Questão Coimbra (English: Question Coimba), a loose affiliation of artists with non-traditionalist philosophies and ideals about 1865. He remained on the periphery of this group's activities, though, while writing many of his recognized early works: O Pirilampo, O Fósforo and Tira-Teimas. A few of his professors in the Faculty of Law recognized his application, and arranged tasks that helped his studies, including the organization and classification of monastic documents. But his new projects did not affect his participation with the student activists against the autocratic Rector Basílio Alberto de Sousa Pinto and many of the traditionalists at Coimbra. He reserved his best efforts for his own projects; during this time he convinced editor Gomes Monteiro, of Casa Moré (a publishing house in Oporto), to publish his poem Visão dos Tempos (in 1864).It was a work that borrowed directly for its base the themes from Victor Hugo's La Légende des siècles, and captured in verse all the essential classicism of Judaism and Christianity. The work received many positive reviews. At the time the indisputable authority of Portuguese literature was António Feliciano de Castilho and his Lisbon admirers, who could establish or ruin the reputation of young authors. Castilho, and his protégé Manuel Pinheiro Chagas were captivated by the classic prose of Visão (English: Vision) and congratulated in public <mask>' work. But this was not repeated in his follow-up book of poetry Tempestades Sonoras, which were preceded by a philosophical prologue that was both obscure and indecipherable. Generally, Castilho's conservative Lisbon admirers criticized severely many of the personalities with dissident tendencies,  due to considerations both artistic and political. At the time of the publication of Tempestades, Antero de Quental had just completed his Odes Modernas (English: Modern Odes), a shockingly militant work that challenged the conservative constitutional monarchy in Portugal, its class society and the religious hierarchy.Castilho and his prelates decided to begin a philosophical battle, without quarter, against the two iconoclasts, "that they considered exponents of a School at Coimbra of depraved tastes and highly harmful." The literary "conflict" began in earnest when Manuel Pinheiro Chagas published his obra-prima Poema da Mocidade. António Feliciano de Castilho, in a letter-to-the-editor António Maria Pereira, to promote the book and provide a prologue to the volume, critically attacked Antero Quental and <mask> <mask>, as well as their loose affiliation of friends. This was the beginning of the Questão Coimbrã Movement, an impassioned period that involved many Portuguese literary writers, that included many critical texts and apologies. Antero de Quental responded with his work which challenged Castilho's original text, which he entitled Bom Senso e Bom Gosto (English: Good Sense and Good Taste), followed by A Dignidade das Letras (English: A Dignity of Letters) and Literaturas Oficiais (English: Official Literature), while Teófilo challenged with his literary violent work As Teocracias Literárias (English: The Literary Theocracy). After his first year at the University, won by his tenacious inflexibility and idealism, <mask> was confronted by the literary conflicts between traditionalists and modernists:
"Quickly, I found myself encircled by hate; they cut-off my life in the newspaper; in Law classes, they took my academic distinctions; the critics devastated me rudely; the bookstore owners refused to publish what I wrote; and the patriarchs of Letters, with their authoritative weight smiles with sober equivalence at my intellectual value, circulating depressive stories about my character and customs, which served to dismake my sacrifices. Another would have given up.I saw myself forced to reverse the base of my existence, abandon the Art that had seduced me, because it removed my contemplative serenity, and I launched myself into criticizing, into erudite knowledge, into science, into philosophy." Rocha Martins referred to an interview that he had with <mask>, in 1916, and where, as a visible admirer of the writer and president, he wrote of Teófilo's life and difficulties at Coimbra. Teófolio had recalled that one time, in Oporto, at the home of the librarian Moré he had met Camilo Castelo Branco, who had extended his hand in friendship, but <mask> had "turned his back". As Rocha Martins elaborated, Teófilo "was just a youth then...today he would not have turned his back on anyone...All men should learn to forgive". It was not just an attack on aesthetic differences between political ideologies, Castilho also endorsed his protégé (Chagas) for a professorship in the department of Modern Literature of the Faculty of Letters, and used his letter to champion him for the position, in which both Teófilo and his friend Antero Quental were interested. In April 1868 <mask> <mask> married Maria do Carmo Xavier (1841–1911), sister of Júlio de Matos, generally from a wealthy family (the couple would live at the Matos home for a time). Their life together would be tragic, marked by the premature deaths of their children: Joaquim, just after his birth (1869), <mask>, at 13 (1886) and in March of the next year, Maria da Graça, at 16 (1887).Maria do Carmo, whose health was always fragile, was inconsolable (and by the time her husband held the Presidency her health was debilitated and she died away soon afterwards). Camilo Castelo Branco a declared enemy of the writer, would be unusually forgiving, when Teófilo's children died within a brief period of one another; at the time, Camilo would write the sonet A maior dor humana" (English: The Greatest Human Pain). His political affiliations made it difficult to obtain a professorship at the Academia Politécnica do Porto (English: Polytechnic Academy of Oporto), as well as the Faculty of Law in Coimbra. <mask> <mask> had to wait a year, in 1872 (when he obtained his law degree), in order to succeed in his application to a position as a full professor in modern literature, in a memorable public competition. He was the superior choice of the presiding judge of the committee, rather than his rival Manuel Pinheiro Chagas and Luciano Cordeiro, who were endorsed by semi-official patrons. Positivism and published works

Teófilo aspired to be a systematic thinker; a theorist based on evidence which permitted an intrepid and dogmatic interpretation of Man, world and life. It was therefore, no surprise, that he accepted the tenets of Positivism.This positivist spirit would guide him between 1872 and 1877, under the influence of Joaquim Duarte Moreira de Sousa a professor

masks:
Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga
Teófilo Braga
Joaquim Manuel Fernandes Braga
Teófilo
Teófilo
Teófilo
Teófilo
Braga
Braga
Teófilo
Teófilo
Braga
Teófilo
Teófilo
Braga
Teófilo
Braga
Teófilo
Braga
Teófilo
Bragas
Teófilo
Braga
Braga
Braga
Braga
Teófilo
Braga
Teófilo
Teófilo
Braga


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 of Mathematics in Castelo Branco, with whom he regularly had conversations. It was the teacher's curious spirit and admiration of Auguste Comte and Émile Littré that influenced <mask> during this period. It was these influences that brought him to found, along with Júlio de Matos, the magazine O Positivismo in Oporto, between 1878 and 1882, to write Traços Gerais de Filosofia Positiva (English: General Ideas of Philosophical Positivism), 1877 and later Sistema de Sociologia (English: System of Sociology), 1884. While still professor of Letters and research fellow, <mask> <mask> was studious and unrested, yet he continued to give all his attention to his family (showering on them gifts from his poor remuneration). In his home on Travessa de Santa Gertrudes he lived a monastic lifestyle, usually broken by invitations from admirers or civic campaigns. But generally, he was able to concentrate on his writing, including his monumental História da Literatura Portuguesa (English: History of Portuguese Literature). With a vast repository of documents he would nurture interpretations of medieval romances and produce ultra-romantic works of realism.It was also during this time when he would show interests in ethnography, especially folklore: in 1867, História da Poesia Popular Portuguesa (English: History of Popular Portuguese Poetry), Cancioneiro Popular (English: Collection of Popular Poems) and Romanceiro Geral, and then later (1869) the book Cantos Populares do Arquipélago Açoreano' (English: Popular Stories of the Azorean Archipelago). He would repeat this style in 1883 Contos Tradicionais do Povo Português' (English: Traditional Stories of the Portuguese People) and in 1885, two volumes entitled O Povo Português (English Collection of Portuguese Romances), about costumes and traditions, but his studies were generally criticized during the period. On some occasions he was considered a plagiarist; <mask> read profusely and was not too careful while editing his analyses, omitting citations and mentioning unreferenced ideas or the theories of others. The medic and politician Ricardo Jorge, didn't disguise his exasperation in his book Contra um plágio do Prof. Theófilo <mask> (English: Against a Plagiarized Work of Professor Teófilo <mask>), in 1917:Teófilo <mask>, the venerated image of a diverse writer...remember the Indian idols, crowned with many heads...he is multi-headed. Each head, full of knowledge. Like the carrancas of a fountain, there erupts from each mouth a torrent of recorded science. Even Antero de Quental, who was friendly with Teófilo, referred to him as a hierophant of literary charlatanism.The Brazilian historian Sílvio Romero, called him Papa dos charlatães (English: Father of Charlatans). José Relvas, another contemporary, was another person who dismissed his contributions; he noted that the prestige he gained was not justified, and that only those who didn't read his published works would admire him. In its political aspects, positivism was a version of republicanism that acknowledged the stratification of classes by the capitalist model. <mask>, while reading the works of Comte, fixated on the more radical rationalisms on Philosophical Positivism. On the philosophies of Auguste Comte, defending the ideas of positivism. "The positivist consolidated above all the idea that the Republic could not be just a coup d'état, and that maybe, we should dispense with revolutionary intentions." The Republicans believed that "to create a Republic required a liberation of individuals of their older ideas...[that] without a doubt, it was [their] spiritual subjugation" In Portugal of the time, about 50,000 individuals (in a population of less than six million) had declared themselves as non-Catholics.For Republicans, they believed that the population was captive to a Roman Catholic church that (during 1864) had condemned liberalism and all modern ideas. For the historian António Reis, Teófflo <mask>'s doctrinaire style was important in consolidating the Republican cause. His visceral Jacobinismo, allowed him to synthesize the theses of Republican Federalists; the themes of administrative decentralization, imperial mandates and limits which would allow the management of the Portuguese republican model of public education, on the combat of clerical ultramontanism, national sovereignty, and development of democratic ideals that would include universal suffrage. All these ideas would be elaborated in the newspapers A Vanguarda, O Século and O Rebate. The militancy of these works would serve as guides for many republicans of his time. Between 1879 and 1881 he would write many of his more political ideas, including Soluções Positivas da Política Portuguesa (English: Positivist Solutions to Portuguese Politics), 1879, História das Ideias Republicanas em Portugal (English: A History of Republican Ideas in Portugal), 1880, and Dissolução do Sistema Monárquico-Representativo (English: Dissolution of the Monarchical-Representative System), 1881. These propaganda pieces did not mean an end to his other works; in addition to participating in numerous comedies, festivals, clubs and republican associations, he was one of the personalities, in partnership with Ramalho Ortigão, to coordinate the fesitivities to mark the third centenary of the death of Luís Vaz de Camões, the epic Portuguese writer,(10 June 1880).He would later become a partner in the Academia Real das Ciências (English: Royal Academy of Sciences), Lisbon, and the Academia Real de História (English: Royal Academy of History), Madrid, where he would be honoured in subsequent years. Politics
<mask> became active in Portuguese politics in 1878, when he campaigned for deputy as an independent federalist republican. Over the years, he had many jobs in the Portuguese Republican Party. He participated in the political barricades during the revolt in Oporto (31 January 1891), added to the list of members of the Republican Party and worked in partnership with Francisco Homem Cristo. The membership of the Republican Party in Lisbon never anticipated the success of the Republican revolt in the north. <mask> and Homen Cristo attempted to win the sympathy of the army, but were largely unsuccessful, due partly to the romantic militaristic ideals of many of the soldiers. After the failure of the conspiracy, with many of those retreating or sent to a military tribunal in Leixões, the two criticized Lisbon Republicans for their lack of assistance for the rebels in Oporto.Teófilo occupied himself with arguing with the objectors and taking on an important role in the propaganda of the Republican Party. By 1896 he was a member of the Grupo Republicano de Estudos Sociais (English: Republican Social Studies Group). The political situation in Portugal had degraded after the 1890 British Ultimatum. Further, between the 19th Century and 20th Century, the system of power that rotated between the parties was slowly dismantled; the divisions introduced by João Franco and José Maria de Alpoim resulted in the creation of splinter groups in addition to the two historical constitutional parties (respectively, the Partido Regenerador Liberal alongside the Partido Regenerador and the Dissidência Progressista from the Partido Progressista), which would alter the rules of political coexistence. A dictatorship created by João Franco after May 1907 (endorsed by King Carlos) was an episode of cumulative crises provoked by Hintze Ribeiro, leader of the Partido Regenerador, and José Luciano de Castro, responsible for the Partido Progressista. <mask> <mask> accompanied many of these events, as well as Francoist Spain, the regicide and enthronement of King D. Manuel II, of which the journalist João Chagas wrote: ...[Manuel II assumed the military regalia] when by now it was not needed. The republican cause had grown in importance, helped by the Republican Party, freemasons, the Carbonária Portuguesa and by numerous groups of doctrinarian idealists influenced by the cause.On 1 January 1910, he became an effective member of the Political Directorate of the party, joining Basílio Teles, Eusébio Leão, José Cupertino Ribeiro, and José Relvas. On 28 August 1910, he was elected deputy for Lisbon. The revolution began on the morning of 4 October 1910 and lasted until the next day. <mask> <mask> was acclaimed President of Provisional Government of the Portuguese Republic. But the old Republican Party would not survive the creation of the Republic; factions quickly developed between groups within the party to form new organizations: Afonso Costa's faction would form the Partido Democrático (the most populist, Jacobin and urban party), António José de Almeida founded the Partido Evolucionista (a contemporary faction that included the rural bouregoeis) and Brito Camacho created the União Republicana (which was an intellectual group with many of its members from Lisbon). The first conflict involved the electoral act: Afonso Costa's "democrats" wanted Bernardino Machado to be the first President of the Republic, but António José de Almeida and Manuel de Brito Camacho factions were able to elect Manuel de Arriaga for that title. <mask> <mask>, who was always more closely affiliated with the membership of the "Democrats" and owing to small problems with Arriaga, endorsed Bernardino Machado.He would return to government in May 1915; he became the President of the Republic after the abrupt resignation of Manuel de Arriaga. Arriaga had supported Pimenta de Castro to run the government, and the General had established a dictatorship, which was eventually defeated. In disgrace the pacifist first President vacated the job, and the assembly elected <mask> to the position. Later life
<mask> was an extremely austere man; after becoming a widower, he was a recluse and occupied much of his time in his library. Even as President, he would walk, umbrella or cane in hand, everywhere, and generally, his Presidency itself was not an exercise in ostentatious living. Over time, as a man-of-letters, <mask> <mask> was recognized by historians as an erudite author. His final home, was on the second-floor of 70 Rua de Santa Gertrudes à Estrela, in Lisbon, and his neighbor usually accompanied him for breakfast or lunch.He wore over-used clothing, many of these clothes he repaired personally, including white linens which were his departed wife's possessions (and reminded him of their earlier life together). He was a solitary figure, and had lost many of his closest relations (his mother died early during his life, his father died in the Azores Islands, he lost his children in their infancies and his beloved wife died before he did), as well as his sight. In his last will, he expressed his desire to be interred in a civil service, without ceremony. He died at 80 years of age, on 28 January 1924, and was buried in the Jerónimos Monastery in Belém, Lisbon. Published works
As for his literary career, one can find books by <mask> concerning the history of literature, on ethnography (mainly his search for popular stories and traditional songs), poetry, fiction, and philosophy. <mask>'s body of published work is also connected to historical investigation; while balancing philosophy, linguistics and culture he wrote História da Poesia Popular Portuguesa (English: The History of Popular Portuguese Poetry), História do Teatro Português (English: History of the Portuguese Theatre) and História das Ideias Republicanas em Portugal (English: The History of Republican Ideals in Portugal). One of his most contentious, from a scientific point-of-view, was História do Romantismo em Portugal (English: The History of Romanticism in Portugal), in 1880, although his four-volume História da Universidade de Coimbra (English: History of the University of Coimbra) is still considered

masks: Teófilo Teófilo Braga Braga Braga Braga Braga Teófilo Braga Braga Teófilo Teófilo Braga Teófilo Braga Teófilo Braga Braga Braga Teófilo Braga Braga Braga


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<mask>'Neal is an American romance novelist who has written over forty books under different pen names. O'Neal's books include The Lost Recipe for Happiness, How to Bake a Perfect Life, The Goddesses of Kitchen Avenue and Lady Luck's Map of Vegas. O'Neal has written women's fiction under the names <mask>’Neal and <mask>, contemporary and historical romance novels under <mask> and Ruth Wind, and new adult romances under Lark O’Neal. Career
O'Neal began her writing career as an author for Harlequin Silhouette. Writing as Ruth Wind, she has published over twenty contemporary romances, winning two RITA awards in this genre. Under the name <mask>, she has written seven historical romances, winning a RITA in 1998 for her book, Heart of a Knight. In 2000, O'Neal began writing women's fiction under the name <mask>, publishing five books under this name until moving her women's fiction titles under the name <mask>’Neal.These books are set mostly in her home state of Colorado or New Mexico, with themes of food, second chances, and multi-generational stories about women. She has won three RITA awards for her women's fiction work, making her eligible for the Romance Writers of America Hall of Fame, into which she was inducted in 2012. O'Neal has won the RITA award seven times and been nominated for seven others. Her books have also won two Colorado Book Awards, and been named Favorite Book of the Year from Romance Writers of America, a Target Book Club pick, and a top book from Library Journal. When New Adult Romance emerged as a new genre 2013, O'Neal began writing as Lark O’Neal, launching her first New Adult series, Going the Distance, later that year. Personal life
O'Neal lives in Colorado Springs, Colorado with her partner, an endurance athlete. Bibliography

Women's Fiction

Published as <mask>'Neal
 Write My Name Across the Sky.Lake Union. August 2021. The Lost Girls of Devon. Lake Union. July 2020. When We Believed in Mermaids. Lake Union.July 2019. The Art of Inheriting Secrets. Lake Union. July 2018. The All You Can Dream Buffet. Bantam. March 2014. .The Garden of Happy Endings. Bantam. April 2012. .
 How to Bake a Perfect Life. Bantam. December 2010. . The Secret of Everything. Bantam.December 2009. . The Lost Recipe for Happiness. Bantam. December 2008. . Published as <mask>
 The Scent of Hours (originally published as Madame Mirabou's School of Love). Ballantine. March 2006. .
 Lady Luck's Map of Vegas.Ballantine. January 2005. . The Goddesses of Kitchen Avenue. Ballantine. February 2004. .
 A Piece of Heaven. Ballantine. February 2003. .
 No Place Like Home.Ballantine. February 2003. . Published as Ruth Wind
 In the Midnight Rain. Harper Collins. May 2000. .

New Adult Romance

Published as Lark O'Neal
 Random. November 2013. Stoked.February 2014. Epic. August 2014. Brilliant. December 2014. Intense. May 2015.Extreme. December 2015. Contemporary Romance

Published as Ruth Wind
 Miranda's Revenge. Silhouette. September 2007. .
 Desi's Rescue. Silhouette. April 2007, .Juliet's Law. Silhouette. October 2006. . The Diamond Secret. Silhouette. January 2010. .
 Countdown. Silhouette.April 2005. .
 Born Brave. Silhouette. October 2001. .
 Beautiful Stranger. Silhouette. June 2000. .
 Rio Grande Wedding. Silhouette. November 1999. .
 For Christmas Forever.Silhouette. December 1998. .
 Meant to be Married. Silhouette. August 1998. . Her Ideal Man. Silhouette. August 1997. .
 Reckless.Silhouette. July 1997. . Marriage Material. Silhouette. June 1997. .
 Rainsinger. Silhouette. May 1996. .The Last Chance Ranch. Silhouette. August 1995. . Breaking the Rules. Silhouette. August 1994. . Walk in Beauty.Silhouette. April 1994. .
 Jezebel's Blues. Silhouette. December 1992. .
 A Minute to Smile. Silhouette. May 1992. .
 Light of Day. Silhouette.November 1990. .
 Summer's Freedom. Silhouette. March 1990. . Strangers On a Train. Silhouette. October 1988. . Historical Romance

Published as <mask>
 Night of Fire.Avon. December 2000. . The Black Angel. Harper Collins. October 1999. .
 Heart of a Knight. Harper Collins. August 1997. .Dancing Moon. Harper Collins. September 1996. .
 Lucien's Fall. Harper Collins. September 1995. .
 A Winter Ballad. Harper Collins. November 1994. .
 A Bed of Spices.Harper Collins. September 1993. .

Nonfiction

Published as <mask>
 The Care and Feeding of The Girls in the Basement: An Upbeat Guide to Life as a Writer. eBook. The Girls in the Basement: Celebration Book, A Writer's Guide to Joy. eBook. Omnibus
 Seal of My Dreams. Belle Bridge Books.November 2011. .
 Chalice of Roses. NAL. January 2010. . (with Jo Beverley, Mary Jo Putney, Karen Harbaugh)
 A Mother's Love. Harlequin. April 2008. . (with Janice Kay Johnson, Raeanne Thayne)
 Dragon Lovers. NAL. March 2007. . (with Jo Beverley, Mary Jo Putney, Karen Harbaugh)
 Lakota Legacy.Harlequin. October 2003. . (with Madeline Baker, Kathleen Eagle)
 Faery Magic. Kensington. 1998. . (with Jo Beverley, Mary Jo Putney, Karen Harbaugh)
 Irish Magic II. Kensington. June 2009 (re-release). . (with Susan Wiggs, Morgan Llywelyn, Roberta Gellis)
 Irish Magic. Kensington.February 1996, . (with Susan Wiggs, Morgan Llywelyn, Roberta Gellis)

Awards
 2012 ROMANCE WRITERS HALL OF FAME for Strong Romantic Elements
 2012 RITA Award for Best Novel with Strong Romantic Elements for How to Bake a Perfect Life
 2010 RITA Award for Best Novel with Strong Romantic Elements for The Lost Recipe for Happiness"
 2006 RITA Award for Best Novel with Strong Romantic Elements for Lady Luck's Map of Vegas (written as <mask>)
 2003 RITA Award for Best Contemporary Single Title for No Place Like Home (written as <mask>)
 1999 RITA Award for Best Long Contemporary Romance for Meant to be Married (written as Ruth Wind)
 1998 RITA Award for Best Short Historical for Heart of a Knight (written as <mask>)
 1998 RITA Award for Best Long Contemporary Series Romance for Reckless (written as Ruth Wind'')

External links
 <mask>'Neal web site
 <mask> web site
 Lark O'Neal web site

References

American romantic fiction writers
RITA Award winners

masks:
Barbara O
Barbara O
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara O
Barbara O
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara O
Barbara Samuel


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<mask> (born 26 May 1965) is a British politician and former member of the Green Party of England and Wales. He was the joint International Coordinator for the Green Party and stood against Prime Minister Theresa May as the Maidenhead Green candidate in the 2017 general election. Formerly the party's Principal Speaker, he is known as a prominent eco-socialist, campaigning both for environmentalism and socialism. Alongside his political role, <mask> is an academic and a writer, having published on the subject of ecosocialism and the wider Green politics movement. He is a contributor to the Morning Star newspaper and a blogger. Biography

Early political activism
<mask> first became involved in the Green movement in 1979. He joined the Ecology Party (later the Green Party of England and Wales) in 1980.By 1987, <mask> was standing for the Ecology Party against Chris Patten in Bath. At the time of the European Parliament election in 1989, <mask> was one of three National Speakers in the Green Party. In the elections themselves, which saw the Green Party gain over 2 million votes (14.5% of the national poll), <mask> received 15% of the vote in the Bristol constituency. During his time in the Green Party, <mask> has been a Parish Councillor. <mask> rose to national prominence in the wake of the 1989 result, when he presented himself to the national press as a 'left wing' candidate for the ruling Green Party Council in opposition to the leadership. He styled himself a Green 'fundamentalist'. These divisions contributed to highly negative press coverage at the time.Academic career
<mask> is a visiting tutor at the Department of Politics at Goldsmiths College, University of London, where he teaches a course on the new radical political economy. His PhD thesis was titled The Politics of Earth First! UK. He has written a series of books on eco-socialism and green politics. Getting There: Steps Towards a Green Society was published in 1990, and looked at the strategies of green politics. A Green Manifesto for the 1990s, also written in 1990, outlined the Green vision. In 1994, a book examining the roots of ecological politics, Green History: A Reader in Environmental Literature, Philosophy, and Politics and Weaving a Bower Against Endless Night: An Illustrated History of the Green Party as a Green Party publication appeared.Having taken a BSc in Archaeology at the University of London, he subsequently completed a PhD at the University of the West of England, later published in a revised form in 1999 as a book entitled Earth First! and the Anti-Roads Movement: Radical Environmentalism and Comparative Social Movements. Academic reviews for the book were mixed. One academic reviewer commented that the book offered "valuable and often original information about the radical environmentalist movement" but "fails to provide a systematic analysis of the topic" and uncritically paid little attention to possible personal agendas of the activists interviewed. Babylon and Beyond: The Economics of Anti-Capitalist, Anti-Globalist and Radical Green Movements (2005), looks at the history of anti-capitalism, including reformist capitalists (such as Joseph Stiglitz), anti-corporate critics (namely Naomi Klein and David Korten), monetary reformers, eco-socialists (especially Joel Kovel), Marxists, green localists (including Caroline Lucas, Mike Woodin and Vandana Shiva) and anarchists (particularly Michael Hardt and Toni Negri). It includes a foreword by Nándor Tánczos, the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand MP. <mask> has written for the left-wing magazine Red Pepper and is an advisory editor of Socialist Resistance.He has also published articles in academic journals such as Environmental Politics, Social Movement Studies and Capitalism Nature Socialism. Later political activism

<mask> was also a prominent figure opposing the organisational changes by the group known as Green 2000 along with Penny Kemp and John Norris. Organising a faction within the Green Party known as the Association of Socialist Greens, this left grouping was accused by pragmatists such as Mallen Baker as being responsible for ensuring the party was "going knowhere fast". <mask> is an eco-socialist and anti-capitalist who believes that "an infinitely growing capitalist economy destroys nature, fuels injustice and leads to an alienated way of life". He describes Green politics as "the politics of survival", stressing that "unless we build a green economy based on meeting need rather than greed our children face a bleak future". Distinguishing between socially-oriented development and capitalist growth, <mask> asserts that there is "no contradiction between development and ecology," while, on the other hand, there is "a contradiction between capitalist economic growth and human lifeand the life of all other species." He adds that "a world dominated by the need for constant growth puts people and the rest nature behind a blind economic system of accumulation."He is a founder member of the Green Left, an anti-capitalist and eco-socialist faction within the Green Party, which held its first meeting in June 2006. His critique of Green Party politics is that ambition tends to dilute policy, reduce democracy and lead to failure. He says of the Green 2000 project to modernise the executive structures and reduce the number of Principal Speakers to two:
"The right around the Green 2000 faction wanted to make us into a mainstream party with mass appeal, ditch the radicalism, re-engineer the Party constitution and centralise power. We fought them. I remember Sara Parkin talking to the Independent about 'socialist parasites' i.e. myself and Penny Kemp who had been members nearly as long as her. They won and then imploded, when the Party received just a couple of percentage at the 1992 General Election.When the 'realists' believe in achieving a Westminster Parliamentary government by 2000 (thus Green 2000), give me fundamentalism." <mask> has continued to be an out-spoken member of the Green Party, particularly on the issue of entering into alliances with other parties. He was given a vote of censure by the Green Party Association of Green Councillors (AGC) when he made comments concerning the alliance between Green Party, Conservative and Liberal Democrat councillors on the Leeds City Council; he stated in Red Pepper magazine that, "While I understand that repellent Labour councils may be the only substitute for alliances with Liberal Democrats and Conservatives, the fall in our Leeds West vote suggests that voters were displeased by a perceived shift to the right by Yorkshire Greens". At the 2005 general election, <mask> stood as a candidate for Windsor and received 2.5% of the votes. In November 2005, he was beaten by Keith Taylor in the election to be the Male Principal Speaker of the Green Party, by 851 votes to 803. He was narrowly elected as one of two Principal Speakers of the Green Party of England and Wales in November 2006, alongside Siân Berry. In 2007 he was re-elected as Male Principal Speaker alongside Caroline Lucas, elected to the post of Female Principal Speaker.The position of principal speaker was the closest role to that of leader within the Green Party until 2008. He was prominent in the Green Empowerment group that campaigned against the creation of a single leader and deputy leader instead of the Principal Speaker system. He attacked the proposal for a referendum in Swansea:
I find the title "leader" embarrassing: it is so patronising, assuming a bunch of people have to be "led", the shepherd label that assumes the members are sheep. <mask>'s critique centred on the link between the structure of leadership and ambition of the party; and the likelihood that a Leader coupled with ambition would be part of a project to move the party to the "right":

Political parties universally tend to attract those addicted to fame and careerism. ... Clearly, the biggest barrier to green electoral victory is the lack of proportional representation. Greens have been elected around the world in countries with PR. ...The fear is that a leader will shift the party to the right, cutting the Greens' radical edge. ... The call for a single leader would compromise the party's commitment to radical democracy. It also suggests a failure to think about strategy in any real sense. The fear is that it could be part of a more extensive shift towards a new green politics of shallow environmentalism, rather than a thorough critique of an unequal, profit-motivated society. He also linked the idea of a leadership structure directly to abuse of power. His September 2007 keynote speech took up this theme:
what is power?You can't touch it or taste it. Sometimes I think you can smell it, like wealth or sewage, and if it is piled up in one place it stinks like rotten cod. For it to smell sweet, we need to spread it around. For power to be creative, we need to spread it around. Collecting power in one place is like collecting money in a mega billion bank account, the work of a miser, a misery, a self obsessed fanatic. Green politics is about giving everyone power. At times, personal attacks surfaced in <mask>'s comments in the debate.Replying to a Guardian letter from Jonathon Porritt and others supporting leadership, <mask> drew parallels with Porritt's own behaviour as a green 'leader':
Jonathon Porritt's call for the Green Party to select a single leader is flawed. Rather than suggesting the Green Party becomes a little more like the conventional top down political parties, Jonathon could show a little more personal leadership. Last year he took 42 flight clocking up air miles to go to meetings to tell people to cut CO2. I am calling on Jonathon to use video conferencing a little more and to fly a little less. In the subsequent party-wide referendum, 73% of members polled voted to create a single leader. <mask> said of the result, "The result of this referendum challenges the Party to create a leadership structure that is true to green ideals. It has put our future leaders on notice that the membership expects a more focused, more effective party, with a leadership team that is truly accountable to the membership in a real and effective manner".Nevertheless, in 2010 he declared himself a candidate for the post of deputy leader under the new system, losing to the incumbent Adrian Ramsay. During his Deputy Leader campaign, <mask> continued to promote the view that a "right" wing of the Green party is attempting to subvert its democracy, agreeing that "talk of 'modernising' the Green Party [is] actually code for changing inner Party democracy and changing the politics of the Party". Nevertheless, <mask>'s opponents, the joint ticket of Adrian Ramsay and Caroline Lucas, continue to promote both reform of the party and a left-leaning politics. <mask>'s defeat was met with disappointment from Green Lib Dems, who cited his defeat as a loss of a "good source of ammunition against the [Green] party". Moving beyond capitalism

Strategies
In a chapter of Babylon and Beyond entitled "Life After Capitalism: Alternatives, Structures, Strategies", <mask> suggests that "conventional economics is surprisingly dangerous for a subject normally portrayed as a neutral science", and advocates the proposition of "solid liveable alternatives" by the anti-capitalist movement. Though he does not discount the "plots and plans" of the corporate lobby, American neo-conservatives, and free market liberals, which are "hardly secret", he criticises the tendency of many anti-capitalists to be attracted to "warm conspiracies" which "generate a personal enemy with a human face who can be challenged". Instead, he wishes to address the "structural element" of capitalism, drawing on the critical realist philosophy of Roy Bhaskar, who suggests that "invisible structures", like capitalism and language, shape society but can themselves be changed by human activity.This means that "the conspirators construct, where they are successful, new structures, but as capitalists they are themselves bearers of deeper structural imperatives to exploit labour, subjectivity and the earth". Stating that "history does not march to a predictable narrative", <mask> criticises the determinism of some Marxists, on the one hand, who promote "hyperglobalisation" in an attempt to move the world closer to the apparently inevitable socialist order, and, on the other hand, subsistence ecofeminists, who look to turn to clock back to the time of peasant societies. He rejects productivism in favour of "in different contexts economic arrangements that fulfil need equitably, develop humanity, sustain ecosystems and lead to cooperation". Propositions
<mask> first suggests "embedded markets", embedded in society, with "state provision decentralised", as a first step to adapt capitalism. He cites the example of the Indian adivasis, who regained the land they originally inhabited and sold tea via the Fair trade system. Here, <mask> argues that "social preference rather than profit maximisation socialised economic activity". He welcomes the movements in Argentina that have seen workers occupy and reopen bankrupt factories.He applauds the work done on creating a "decentralised, socialist economy" in Cuba and Venezuela. <mask> is encouraged by the growth in Green consumerism, noting that "we cannot shop or work our way to utopia, but such projects ease present ills and point roughly to a different future". Taking on the work of Marx on the distinction between use-values and exchange-values, <mask> stresses that "exchange values must be rejected", so that "economics can be bent towards serving the needs of humanity and nature rather than its own violent abstract growth". This means building things to last and sharing resources: he advocates the increased use of libraries, permaculture and the localisation of economies where possible. He highlights the Rastafarian notion of 'Ital', a form of localism in which "what is sacred is what comes from the earth and is grown locally", and where localism and internationalism are mixed "without building walls between sects" in what <mask> calls a "worldwide rooted cosmopolitanism". Nonetheless, <mask> envisages as the ultimate aim the rolling back of both the market and the state. To this end, he wishes to "defend, extend and deepen" the commons against enclosure as a way of giving people back their means of production.He believes that the extension of the commons provides the best model for consensus-based social and ecological management and sharing. In the same vein, <mask> supports Open Source Software as one of the "new commons regimes ... created with technological and social change", one which "is a stunning example of how both the market and the state can be bypassed by cooperative creativity". "Marx," he quips, "would have been a Firefox user". Non-violent direct action
Wall stresses the importance of combining electoral politics and non-violent direct action to effect change. Babylon and Beyond focuses heavily on unique and creative expressions of anti-capitalist economics and protest, and <mask> tells protestors "to keep making noise". He has cultivated ties with African-American and Afro-Caribbean Green activists and takes a strong interest in the controversial Pennsylvania-based African-American organisation MOVE. From 1995, he helped develop a British-based campaign to free US death row prisoner Mumia Abu-Jamal.Zen
Wall practices zazen and is influenced by spirituality through "pursuing a pagan appreciation of the living world in a variety of ways". In Babylon and Beyond, he argues that Zen acts as a guard against utopianism as it "is based on being in the world rather than escaping from it". He also links anti-capitalism and Zen, stating, based on the work of anthropologist and economist Marshall Sahlins, that "Zen minimises need and provides an alternative road to affluence". Quotes

 How to be green? Many people have asked us this important question. It's really very simple and requires no expert knowledge or complex skills. Here's the answer.Consume less. Share more. Enjoy life. At present cats have more purchasing power and influence than the poor of this planet. Accidents of geography and colonial history should no longer determine who gets the fish. This will be a long fight and anti-capitalism may fail. Nevertheless, at the very worst, even in failure we might succeed in bearing witness to the pathological absurdities of a world where money makes human beings and the rest of nature a means rather than an end.See also

Degrowth
Ian Angus
John Bellamy Foster
Mumia Abu-Jamal
The Rise of the Green Left
Zazen

Notes

References

Bibliography
 <mask>, <mask>, Getting There: Steps Towards a Green Society, 1990. Kemp, Penny and <mask>, <mask>, A Green Manifesto for the 1990s, 1990. <mask>, <mask>, Green History: A Reader in Environmental Literature, Philosophy, and Politics, 1994. <mask>, <mask>, Weaving a Bower Against Endless Night: An Illustrated History of the Green Party, 1994. <mask>, <mask>, Earth First! and the Anti-Roads Movement: Radical Environmentalism and Comparative Social Movements, 2002. <mask>, <mask>, Babylon and Beyond: The Economics of Anti-Capitalist, Anti-Globalist and Radical Green Movements, 2005.<mask>, <mask>, The Rise of the Green Left: Inside the Worldwide Ecosocialist Movement, 2010. External links
 Another Green World: <mask>'s Green Blog
 <mask>'s books on Pluto Press
 <mask>'s Books on Amazon.co.uk

 Red Pepper Article, "The Future is Geek": <mask> Hails the Open Source Revolutionaries
 Guardian Unlimited Politics Special Reports, "The Leadership Question Is A Cop-Out": <mask>, an economics lecturer, is challenging to become the Green party's new principal speaker at its conference in Lancaster
 Canadian Journal of Sociology Online Review of Babylon and Beyond
 Activists Must Be Amphibians: A Review of <mask>'s Babylon and Beyond
 Socialist Unity Network Interview with <mask>
 Weekly Worker Interview with <mask>: Going back to Marx

1965 births
Academics of Goldsmiths, University of London
Articles containing video clips
Anti-globalization writers
British environmentalists
British Marxists
British bloggers
British economics writers
British male journalists
British political writers
British social commentators
British socialists
Degrowth advocates
Ecosocialists
Green Party of England and Wales parliamentary candidates
Living people
Male bloggers
Marxist journalists
Marxist theorists
British Marxist writers
Place of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Derek Norman Wall
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Wall
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Wall
Wall
Wall
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Wall
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Wall
Wall
Wall
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Wall
Wall
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Wall
Wall
Wall
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Derek
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Wall
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Wall
Wall
Derek
Wall
Derek
Wall
Derek
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Derek
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Derek Wall
Derek Wall
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<mask> (1929–2012) was a Zimbabwean businessman and property developer best known for his construction of the <mask>'s Village shopping mall in Borrowdale, a suburb of Harare, in 1990. A self-made billionaire, at the time of his death he was reputed to be one of the richest people in Zimbabwe. Background

<mask> was born to a Jewish family in Que Que (now Kwekwe) on 9 October 1929, and educated at Prince Edward School in Salisbury (as Harare was called until 1982). He founded and chaired Macey's Stores Limited, a large supermarket group, in the 1960s. In September 1973 he purchased Duly's car showroom on Angwa Street, Salisbury, for US$1.5 million. He converted the site into a department store and later a shopping centre, the Ximex Mall, which he sold to the National Social Security Authority (NSSA) in the late 1990s. He successfully stood in the Salisbury council elections in 1975, and served as a councillor for Ward 8, comprising the city's southern district of Waterfalls, until 1979.According to a 2014 retrospective on his life published by the Herald newspaper, he "was never short of controversy". He reportedly built <mask>'s Village without the support of the local community because they didn't want a shopping centre in s residential neighborhood. In 2000, 50 motorbikes marked "police" were discovered at <mask>'s farm near Harare, but he was fined only Z$200. The bikes were bought in 1997 at a virtual "tag sale" from the British Consulate as they liquidated assets out of Hong Kong in the transfer of sovereignty back to mainland China. <mask>'s Village was designed in such a way that it has since been dubbed a "Little England". It includes buildings resembling English cottages and a clock tower similar to Big Ben, and originally issued its security guards with uniforms similar to those of British "bobbies". In 2012 <mask> was posthumously honoured with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Victor Night Awards and Empretec recognised him as one of the Most Influential Entrepreneurs in post-independent Zimbabwe.“He loved passionately and deeply, and was very protective. No one could touch anyone he loved, and he made everybody know it. He reminded everyone he met, respect and honour your parents and don’t fight with your brothers and sisters,” read his eulogy. “Family is family” and “blood is thicker than water”, he was quoted as saying. <mask> was also involved in various charities. His friend, Kiki Divaris, of the Miss Zimbabwe Trust said of his death: “He was a generous individual who always supported me in my endeavours including the Child Survival Trust. He was a hard working, innovative and successful man who did a lot for Zimbabwe.”

He always said, "when I see a good idea, I take it and bring it back to Zimbabwe".His intention was always to let people there get a taste of what was only available overseas. He had so much pride in bringing new things to his country. When things looked bleak, he kept building. He never gave up on the country or its people, and he made it known that he was here to stay. He created a legacy in this country for the country. He made it very clear that he was a part of the team to carry this country forward, and he did so proudly and loudly. “It was called <mask>’s Village for a reason.He wanted his legacy to be there for the people and he was proud to be a part of it, and wanted it to continue even after his death. Zimbabwe inspired him, and was his anchor.”

<mask>’s head of security, Mr Charles Kapfupi, described the businessman as a hard-working principled man. “He was not a clock-watcher. He believed in working hard hence, his success,” Mr Kapfupi said, adding that he was one of the biggest land developers in Zimbabwe. One of <mask>’s workers, Mr Adam Makorona, who served him for over 12 years, said he had been deeply saddened by his death. A businesswoman said: “I knew him very well and he used to call himself ‘Kanyuchi’ (bee) because he used to say he knew how to make honey (money).”
Several people also expressed sadness in social media. One of them said, “A very humble man, I liked everything about him.”
In 1971, <mask>’s wife Gloria was once quoted saying, “He is not the ogre most people think he is, really he is gentle-natured.<mask>, the owner of the multi-billion-dollar <mask>’s Village in Borrowdale, among other business empires in the country, was born in Kwekwe and went to Prince Edward School.In the 1960s, he was the founder and chairman of a large supermarket group, Macey’s Stores Limited, which went public in the 1970's. In the early 1980's <mask> bought back every share and sold the company to a private conglomerate. This was historic for its time. <mask> faced heavy challenges from his Macey's days when he started a price war by slashing the then standardized liquor prices. This earned him the nickname “Cut-price king”. After he sold Macey's <mask> built <mask>'s Village, still the largest and most prestigious shopping mall in the country which now also features two supermarkets, gas station, movie theater complex, office park and office tower. <mask> died from cancer at his home in the Harare suburb of Avondale on 5 June 2012.He was survived by his wife, four children, Julia, Isaac, Maurice and Raymond, and seven grandchildren, and buried at Warren Hills Jewish Cemetery in Harare. The Vice President of the Republic of  Zimbabwe, Joice Mujuru, expressed sincere condolences to the family having been a dear friend. There was a strong friendship between <mask> and her late husband, General Solomon Mujuru. <mask> assisted the General when he was involved in a helicopter crash and broke his vertebrae when he was still in the army. Media, Information and Publicity Minister, Webster Shamu, described <mask> as a “hardworking and shrewd businessman”. Later that year he was posthumously honoured with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Victor Night Awards and recognised by the UN's EMPRETEC programme as one of the most influential Zimbabwean entrepreneurs since 1980. His eldest son, Isaac, took over the family's business operations.References

1929 births
2012 deaths
Alumni of Prince Edward School
Deaths from cancer in Zimbabwe
Rhodesian city councillors
People from Kwekwe
Rhodesian businesspeople
Rhodesian Jews
White Rhodesian people
20th-century Zimbabwean businesspeople
Zimbabwean Jews

masks:
Samuel Rahamin Levy
Sam Levy
Levy
Sam Levy
Levy
Sam Levy
Sam Levy
Sam Levy
Sam Levy
Sam Levy
Levy
Levy
” Levy
Sam Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Sam Levy
Levy
Sam
Sam
Levy


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<mask>, Jr. (born September 19, 1972) is a former American football quarterback. In his career, Druckenmiller played for the San Francisco 49ers, Miami Dolphins, and Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League, as well as the Memphis Maniax of the XFL and the Los Angeles Avengers of the Arena Football League. College career
After attending high school at Northampton Area High School in Pennsylvania, Druckenmiller prepped at Fork Union Military Academy in Fork Union, Virginia, before committing to Virginia Tech. Druckenmiller started two years at quarterback for the Virginia Tech Hokies football team. As a senior, he won all-Big East accolades. Druckenmiller's Hokies won the Big East Conference championship in 1995 and 1996. In 1995, they defeated the Texas Longhorns in the Sugar Bowl.In December 1996, Druckenmiller graduated from Virginia Tech with a degree in physical education. 1995: 151/294 for 2,103 yards with 14 touchdowns vs. 11 interceptions, ran for 57 yards
1996: 142/250 for 2,071 yards with 17 touchdowns vs. 5 interceptions, ran for 205 yards

Professional career

National Football League
Druckenmiller was drafted in the first round (26th overall) of the 1997 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers, which intended to groom him as Steve Young's successor; after the draft, 49ers coach Steve Mariucci commented about Druckenmiller: "I would like to think he's our quarterback of the future." Because Young had a concussion, Mariucci decided to start Druckenmiller for the week 2 game (September 7, 1997) against the St. Louis Rams. Although the 49ers won 15–12, Druckenmiller completed only 10 of his 28 attempted passes for 102 yards with one touchdown pass and three interceptions. In the fourth quarter, Druckenmiller was 0-for-5 with one interception and two near-interceptions. Druckenmiller played in three more games: first in week 3 backing up Steve Young in the 49ers' 33–7 win over the New Orleans Saints. In that game, Druckenmiller completed 4 of 6 pass attempts for 41 yards, was sacked once for 9 yards, and lost one yard on a rush attempt.The following week, the 49ers beat the Atlanta Falcons 34–7. Druckenmiller was 2-for-7 for 32 yards and a 6-yard sack, and -3 yards rushing. Druckenmiller's next game action was in the 49ers' final 1997 regular season game, a 38–9 loss to the Seattle Seahawks in which Druckenmiller was 5-for-11 for 64 yards, one interception, one sack, and one rushing yard. He finished the 1997 season 21-for-52 with one touchdown pass and four interceptions. In the 1998 season, Druckenmiller played only two games: week 2 against the Washington Redskins and week 6 against the New Orleans Saints. After the season, General Manager Bill Walsh belittled his football skills and implied that Druckenmiller would have been released but for salary-cap ramifications. On September 6, 1999, the 49ers traded Druckenmiller to the Miami Dolphins for a conditional draft choice.Druckenmiller did not play a down in 1999. In a preseason game on August 9, 2000, Druckenmiller completed 13 of 21 pass attempts in the Dolphins' 13–10 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers for 141 yards including the 78-yard first touchdown drive. The Dolphins cut Druckenmiller on August 16. In 2008, ESPN named him the 11th-biggest bust since the AFL-NFL merger. Later career
In 2001, he had limited action as a backup with the Arena Football League's Los Angeles Avengers. He also played for the Memphis Maniax of the XFL in 2001. The XFL used the angle of Druckenmiller's history and his unusually strong arm and passing range to promote Maniax games.He ranked 13th in the league in rushing yards (208, leading all quarterbacks) and fourth in passer rating, with 13 touchdowns and seven interceptions. He was one of only three of the league's eight Opening Day starting quarterbacks to survive the entire ten-week XFL season as starter without being injured or losing his starting position. In 2003, just as Druckenmiller was offered a job as a sales manager for a Little Rock, Arkansas-based cargo trailer company, the Indianapolis Colts offered Druckenmiller a tryout to be Peyton Manning's third-string backup, but the Colts ultimately signed <mask>. Legal troubles

Malicious wounding

In 1996, Druckenmiller was charged with malicious wounding in connection with a bar brawl. One witness quoted Druckenmiller as saying to him, "Did you see me kick that guy's butt?" The judge held that the evidence against Druckenmiller was not sufficient to convict him and threw out the charge. Rape allegations
On April 24, 1999, police in Blacksburg, Virginia, reported that Druckenmiller had been charged with rape, stemming from an incident in a house between 3 and 4 a.m. on March 4 of that year.According to Assistant Commonwealth Attorney Curtis "Skip" Schwab, Druckenmiller "went downstairs to have sex with a woman who had vomited twice and fallen on a couch," and that Druckenmiller did not know the woman's correct first or last name. The accuser testified that she vaguely remembered a friend putting her to bed after a night of drinking. She passed out and awoke to find Druckenmiller on top of her. When asked what he was doing by a Montgomery County assistant commonwealth's attorney, the accuser responded, "Having sex. It took me a while to realize what was going on. I was disoriented. I had no idea where I was."According to Druckenmiller, he had carried the woman to a bed after she vomited for the second time that night and slumped on a couch, and stated he went to check on her a few minutes later and asked how she was. When she told him she was drunk but doing fine, he asked her if she was going to make good on a promise she made to him earlier in the evening to have sex. On July 22, 1999, Druckenmiller was acquitted. After-football career
Since 2004, Druckenmiller has lived in Memphis and worked in various sales, business management, and information technology positions with companies including ChoicePoint, LexisNexis, and A.S. Barboro. References

1972 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Memphis Maniax players
Miami Dolphins players
Northampton Area High School alumni
Sportspeople from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Memphis, Tennessee
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
San Francisco 49ers players
Los Angeles Avengers players
Virginia Tech Hokies football players
Businesspeople from Tennessee

masks:
James David Druckenmiller
Jim Kubiak


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<mask> is  Professor of Punjabi at Delhi University. Member University Court and Member of Standing Committee of Delhi University.. He is also Convenor of Punjabi Advisory Board of Sahitya Akademi,the National Academy of Letters.. Besides he is on board of a number of national and international bodies,He has participated and contributed a lot to many of the literary and cultural events in India and abroad.Earlier, he was Secretary to Punjabi Academy, Government of Delhi for 14 years.He is also a renowned broadcaster. As Secretary, Punjabi Academy, he was instrumental to bring Punjabi literature, art and culture to centre stage. He has authored a number of books in Punjabi Literature. As Editor of Peer journal " SAMDARSHI" in Punjabi he is experimenting with a number of subjects.His area of specialization is Punjabi Drama and Media Studies in Punjabi which is a rare combination.Bibliography

Authored

Punjab Di Lok Nat Parampara Te Punjabi Natak, Shilalekh Prakashan (2000)
Punjab Ki Lok Natya Parampara Evam Punjabi Natak, Punjabi Academy, Delhi(2005)
Balwant Gargi Maker of  Indian Literature, Sahitya Akademi, Govt. of India (2012)
Media : Viharik Adhayan, Gracious Books, Patiala (2012)
Media : Sabhyacharak Samrajvad, Arsee Publishers, Delhi (2013)

Translated Books

Bharat De Panchhi, Publication Division, Govt. of India (1999)
Bharat Di Sansad, Ki, Kiyon Ate Kiven, National Book Trust (2001)
Bharat De Lok Naach, Publication Division, Govt. of India (2008)
Munia Rani, National Book Trust (2009)
Suno Kahani, Sahitya Akademi, Govt. of India (2010)
Bachiyan Ne Fadiya Chor, Sahitya Akademi, Govt. of India(2012)
Moran Wala Bagh, Sahitya Akademi, Govt. of India (2012)

Edited &Co-Edited Books

Guru Gobind Singh Da Sirjna Sansar Punjabi Academy, Delhi (2000)
Sukhan Da Waris : Waris Shah, Sahitya Akademi, Govt.of India (2009)
Lok Nataki : Naat Roop, Shilalekh Prakashan, Delhi (2012)
Afzal Ahsan Randhawa De Natak, Punjabi Academy, Delhi (2013)
Yug Chintak Sutinder <mask>, Sahitya Academy, Delhi (2015)
Bharti Kahani, Punjabi Academy, Delhi. (2013)
Naarivad Ate Punjabi Sahit, Sahitya Akademi, Govt. of India. Association with professional bodies
Convener, Punjabi Advisory Board, Sahitya Akademi. Advisory Head, World Punjabi Organisation  (WPO)

Convener, Punjabi Board, Delhi Public Library. Member, Executive World Punjabi Centre, Patiala
Member, Governing Board, Punjab Arts Council
Member, State Advisory Board, Language Department, Punjab. Member Secretary, Punjabi Academy, Delhi.Member Executive, Academy of Fine Arts & Letters, New Delhi. Member Executive, Punjabi Sahit Academy, Ludhiana. Member, High Power Committee for Development of Culture, Tourism & Heritage, Govt. of Punjab. Member, Permanent Committee on Punjabi Development, Punjabi University, Patiala. General Secretary, Centre for Punjabi Culture. Vice Chairman, Advisory Council, Navi Mumbai Cultural Association, Navi Mumbai.Honorary Consultant, Punjabi academy, Govt. of NCT Of Delhi

Other Works
Presenting Live Commentary on All India Radio & Doordarshan from Gurdwara Raqab Ganj Sahib on the occasion of Birth Anniversary of Sri Guru Nanak Dev ji for the last 4 years. Produced documentary based on Punjabi Folk Songs named "Deeva Bale Saari Raat". Produced documentary based on the life and writings of eminent Punjabi Poet Hazara <mask>i. Produced documentary based on the life and writings of eminent Punjabi Author Devendra Satyarthi. Produced documentary based on the life and writings of eminent Punjabi Folk Singer Surinder Kaur. Producing a half an hour daily programme named Punjabi Darshan being broadcast on Vividh Bharti Channel of A.I.R., Delhi for the last 12 years.Produced a documentary based on the "Rural Games of the Punjab". Written & Produced a documentary based on the "Punjabi Folk Form-Gugga". Written & Produced a documentary based on the "Punjabi Folk Form-Bazigar". Written & Produced a documentary based on the "Punjabi Folk Form-Naqaal". Written, Produced & Directed a documentary based on the life and writings of eminent Punjabi Author Prabhjot Kaur. Written & Produced a documentary based on the "Punjabi Folk Form-Jangam". Written & Produced a documentary based on  "Marriage Songs of the Punjab".Research Paper Presented
Punjabi Manoranjan Udyog Di Arthik-Rajnaitik Naitikata  - (2–3 March 2012), Punjabi Academy, Delhi
Sahit Chintak: S.S.Noor-(23rd, March2012), Sahitya Akademi, Delhi
Contribution Of Dr M.S. Randhawa to Punjabi Literature- (7 November 2012) Language Deptt. Punjab
Videshi Punjabi sahit Pachhan tr Diaspora Di Samasiya-(4-5 January 2013), Punjabi Academy, Delhi
How to Attract Children towards Punjabi-(23 November 2013), Gurmat college, delhi
Presided Over the inaugural session of seminar" Ghadar Lehar Ate Punjabi sahit (3rd December2014) Sahitiya Akademi, delhi
Teaching of Punjabi Drama and Ikangi- (12 September 2014) DSGMC, Delhi
Why Education in Mother Tongue is Necessary- (22nd May,2015)  Gurmat College, Delhi
Punjabiyat : in the Context of Cinema and TV- (12–13 December 2014) Sahitya Akademi, Delhi
Punjabi Novel Adaption into Cinema and TV-(16 December 2014)World Punjabi Literature Conference, Punjabi University, Patiala
Punjabi Heritage and Culture, Sarab bharati Punjabi conference (5-6 September 2014), Punjabi university, Patiala
Punjabiyat- Vartman Ate Bhavikh Di Talash– (13–14 June 2015) World Punjabi Conference, Canada

References

External links
<mask> <mask> |How to attract our youngsters towards Punjabi Language

Punjabi-language poets
Delhi University faculty
Living people
1956 births

masks:
Rawail Singh
Singh Noor
Singh Gurdaspur
Rawail
Singh