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<mask> (also known as <mask> and Nitsuga—Agustin spelled backward—Mangoré; May 5, 1885 – August 7, 1944) was a Paraguayan virtuoso classical guitarist and composer, largely regarded as one of the greatest performers and most prolific composers for the guitar. Biography

Birthplace
It has been generally accepted that <mask> was born in San Juan Bautista, Paraguay. However, there is no definitive proof of this as his baptismal document found in the book of registries in the cathedral in San Juan Bautista does not state his precise place of birth. Also, several biographers and authorities present convincing documented evidence that <mask> was born, instead, in the nearby town of Villa Florida, Misiones, situated on the Tebicuary River some 30  km north of San Juan Bautista. His diplomatic papers found in 2019 did not shed any light on this question as they listed only "Missiones" as the place of birth. Early life
As a child, <mask> developed a love of music and literature, two arts that were very important to his family. <mask> would eventually speak two languages (Spanish and Guarani), and read three others (English, French, and German).<mask> began to show an interest in musical instruments, particularly the guitar, before he reached his teens. He went to Asunción in 1900, at the age of fifteen, to attend Colegio Nacional de Asunción, thus becoming one of the youngest university students in Paraguayan history. Apart from his studies in the music department, <mask> was highly appreciated by members of the mathematics, journalism and literature departments. He was a skilled graphic artist and worked for a time in the Agricultura bank and the Paraguayan Naval office. After leaving the Colegio Nacional, <mask> dedicated his life to music, poetry, and travel. He composed more than 100 original works and arranged another 200 works of other composers. <mask> made several friends during his many trips across South America.He was known for giving his friends and fans signed copies of his poems. As a consequence, there are several versions of his poetical works that have surfaced across the Americas. Many current collectors warn potential buyers to be careful when they come across a work reportedly autographed by <mask> because an individual has been known to create forgeries. Career
<mask> was famed for his phenomenal performances, both live and on gramophone recordings. Eye witness testimony from Lope Texera in Caracas Venezuela on April 18, 1932, declared that <mask> was "superior to Segovia whom I saw in London last year". <mask> has been credited as the first classical guitarist to make recordings, in 1909/10, but the earliest known recording were by guitarists Luis and Simon Ramirez, onto cylinders, for the "Viuda de Aramburo" label, in Madrid, between 1897 and 1901. <mask> at times performed in concert in traditional Paraguayan dress (he was partly of Guaraní origin), beginning in 1932 using the pseudonym of Nitsuga Mangoré ('Nitsuga' being Agustín spelled backwards, and 'Mangoré' being the name of a cacique of the South American indigenous group Timbú).His works were largely late-Romantic in character, despite his having lived well into the twentieth century. Many of them are also adaptations of, or are influenced by, South American and Central American folk music. Very many of them are of a virtuosic nature. The Johann Sebastian Bach-inspired La Catedral, from 1921, is widely considered to be <mask>' magnum opus, even winning the approval of Andrés Segovia, who said "In 1921 in Buenos Aires, I played at the hall La Argentina noted for its good acoustics for guitar, where <mask> had concertized just weeks before me. He was presented to me by his secretary Elbio Trapani. At my invitation <mask> visited me at the hotel and played for me upon my very own guitar several of his compositions among which the one that really impressed me was a magnificent concert piece The Cathedral whose first movement is an andante, like an introduction and prelude, and a second very virtuosic piece which is ideal for the repertory of any concert guitarist. <mask> had promised to send me immediately a copy of the work (I had ten days remaining before continuing my journey) but I never received a copy."However, it is equally possible that Segovia did receive the score and chose not to play it, either out of distaste for <mask>' folk-based music or professional jealousy (because <mask> was more of a composer than he was). La Catedral composed about bells sounds extremely good on bells of a Grand Carillon. Here is a recording of the composition by the city carilloneur of Rotterdam (Netherlands). Later life and death
After touring Europe in 1934-35, <mask> performed in Venezuela, Haiti, Cuba, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala. Several writers have suggested that <mask> revisited Mexico in 1939, but his immigration file with the Mexican government did not include an entry for him or his wife Gloria that year. He fulfilled his dream to reach the United States after getting an entry visa at the US Embassy in Maracaibo Venezuela on December 23, 1936. Ship passenger lists reveal that <mask> and his wife travelled as diplomats and arrived in Puerto Rico, a US territory, in January 1937.He reportedly suffered a myocardial infarction in front of the US Embassy in Guatemala City on October 27,1939, after it was discovered that he was travelling with phony diplomatic papers issued by his lifetime friend and Patron Tomas Salomoni. Having recently been in Germany, at the lead-in to the Second World War, <mask> was never again able to use his diplomatic connections. He was sent an invitation to leave Guatemala because of his political leanings. He accepted the invitation of Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, then President of El Salvador, to move to El Salvador and take up a position in the Conservatory and Declamation Rafael Olmedo. He was never to leave El Salvador. Past biographers suggested that he suffered a second myocardial infarction on August 7, 1944, causing his death, but the case is still open. A forensic physician has suggested that his death was more likely due to poisoning.At the time, <mask>' wife was carrying on an open affair with the Italian coffee plantation owner Pasquale Cosarelli, who was also residing in the <mask> household. Cosarelli was soon to marry <mask>' widow, and had both the motive and the chemicals to carry out the murder. <mask> was buried at Cementerio de Los Ilustres, having been carried there in the hottest week of the year on the shoulders of his students. In the hours after his death, his handwritten scores were stolen by his students along with his scrapbooks. Legacy

Twelve "Mangoreanos"
<mask> taught during his career to his patrons Luis Pasquet, Martin Borda Pagola, Dionisio Basualdo, Bautista and Lalyta Almiron, and Raul Borges and during his extensive travels in Brazil during his career as active performer, and beginning in 1940 he wrote his guitar method to provide guitar instruction after arriving in El Salvador to selected students, mostly of Salvadoran nationality. They were known as the Twelve Mangoreanos:

Luis Mario Samayoa ( -1969), Benjamín Cisneros ( -1987), Rubén Urquilla ( -1993), René Cortés-Andrino ( -1995), Mario Cardona Lazo ( -1999), Jesús Quiroa ( -2001), Jose Cándido Morales ( -2002), Julio Cortés-Andrino ( -2006), Cecilio Orellana ( -2007), Roberto Bracamontes ( -2007), Víctor Urrutia ( -2010) and Elena Valdivieso. Jose Cándido Morales and Roberto Bracamonte were the only to learn from <mask> as live-in students in the Barrios home which functioned as a boarding house.After <mask>' death, Morales remained the gatekeeper of <mask>' legacy, technique and late works. Folk music
The folk music of Paraguay (including the polca paraguaya and vals) provided the young <mask> with his first introduction to music. In 1898, <mask> was formally introduced to the classical guitar repertoire by Gustavo Sosa Escalada. At that time, <mask> may have already composed works for the guitar, and also performed pieces written by his other composers, such as La Chinita and La Perezosa. Under the influence of his new teacher, <mask> went on to perform and study the works of Tárrega, Viñas, Sor and Aguado. Sosa Escalada was so impressed with his new pupil that he convinced <mask>'s parents to let him move to Asunción to continue his education. Having already surpassed the technical and performing abilities of most guitarists, <mask> began seriously to compose around 1905.Among the folkloric influences, <mask> is known to have played such popular Paraguayan works as "Campamento Cerro León", "Londón Carapé", "Guyrá campana", "Mamá Cumandá". As an example, "Guyrá campana" is very interesting, since some of the material can be heard in parts of <mask>' recording of "Caazapá — Aire Popular Paraguayo"... Though "Guyrá campana" is traditional music, many maintain that it is very closely related to guitarist Carlos Talavera (from Caazapá), whom <mask> knew. There are various versions of "Guyrá campana" (it is also known as "Pájaro campana") e.g. for Paraguayan harp (Félix Pérez Cardozo); in some versions, the birdsong imitations can be very clearly heard. Composer

<mask>'s compositions can be divided into three basic categories: folkloric, imitative and religious. <mask> paid tribute to the music and people of his native land by composing pieces modeled after folk songs from South America and Central America.Implementing the compositional style and techniques of the Baroque and Romantic periods was another side to his craftsmanship. Una Limosna por el Amor de Dios (Give me something for the Love of God) is an example of a religiously-inspired work. Discography
 Agustin <mask>: The Complete Guitar Recordings 1913–1942 – 3-CD set transferred and digitally remastered from a 78-rpm gramophone recording from Atlanta, Odeon, Artigas labels and some Barrios' personal home recordings. <mask> <mask>: Complete Music for Solo Guitar – a 6-CD-box released by Brilliant Classics in 2010

Works

Over 300 of <mask>' compositions and arrangements survive. He is still revered in Latin America to this day, where he is seen as one of the greatest musicians of all time by many. John Williams, former student of Andres Segovia, said of <mask>: "As a guitarist/composer, <mask> is the best of the lot, regardless of era. His music is better formed, it's more poetic, it's more everything!And it's more of all those things in a timeless way." 3
 Estudio No. 6
 Estudio Para Ambas Manos
 Estudio Vals
 Fabiniana
 Gavota al Estilo Antiguo
 Habanera
 Humoresque
 Invocación a Mi Madre
 Jha, Che Valle
 Julia Florida (barcarola)
 Junto a tu Corazón
 Jota
 La Bananita (tango)
 La Catedral:  Preludio – Andante – Allegro
 La Samaritana
 Las Abejas
 Leyenda de España
 Leyenda Guarani
 London Carapé
 Luz Mala
 Mabelita
 Madrecita
 Madrigal Gavota
 Maxixe
 Mazurka Apasionata
 Medallón Antiguo
 Milonga
 Minuet in A major
 Minuet in A major
 Minuet in B major
 Minuet in C major
 Minuet in C minor
 Minuet in E major
 Oración (Oración de la Tarde)
 Oración por Todos
 Pepita
 Pericón in F
 Pericón in G
 Preludio Op. 5, No. 1
 Preludio in E major
 Preludio in A minor
 Preludio in C major
 Preludio in C minor
 Preludio in D minor
 Preludio in E minor
 Romanza en Imitación al Violoncello (Página d¹ Album, Fuegos Fátuos)
 Sargento Cabral
 Sarita
 Serenata Morisca
 Tango No. 1
 Tango No. 2
 Tarantella (Recuerdos de Nápoles)
 Tua Imagem
 Una Limosna por el Amor de Dios (Also known as "El ultimo trémolo" or "El último canto")
 Un Sueño en la Floresta (Souvenir d¹un Reve)
 Vals de Primavera
 Vals Op.8, No. 1 (Junto a tu Corazon)
 Vals Op. 8, No. 2
 Vals Op. 8, No. 3
 Vals Op. 8, No.4
 Vals Tropical
 Variaciones sobre un Tema de Tárrega
 Variaciones sobre el Punto Guanacasteco
 Vidalita con variaciones in A minor
 Vidalita in D minor
 Villancico de Navidad
 Zapateado Caribe (trio)

He also wrote a couple of poems:
 Mi Guitarra
 El Bohemio

Instruments
While in Paraguay, <mask> had access only to instruments of limited quality. However, soon after his arrival in Buenos Aires in 1910, he was exposed to, and played, the finest instruments of his time for the remainder of his career. Normally <mask> traveled with two guitars, and had several modified with the addition of a 20th fret. He is documented by photograph to have played the instruments of Spanish makers Manuel Ramirez, José Ramírez I, Enrique García, Francisco Simplicio, Domingo Esteso, Enrique Sanfeliu and Ricardo Sanchis Nacher, Brazilian maker Di Giorgio, and in print by Uruguayan maker Rodolfo Camacho. Film
On August 21, 2015, the film Mangoré – For the Love of Art was released in Asunción, based loosely on the life of Agustin <mask>, with a script and direction by the Chilean filmmaker Luis R. Vera. The guitarist was played by the Mexican actor Damián Alcázar and the Paraguayan actor Celso Franco, star of 7 Boxes. The characterization in the soundtrack corresponded to the interpretation of the Paraguayan guitarist Berta Rojas.The concert scenes were filmed using a guitar by Mexican guitar maker Federico Sheppard. Bibliography
 Carlos Salcedo Centurion, El Inalcanzable Agustín Barrios Mangoré, 2007
 Richard D. Stover, Six Silver Moonbeams: The Life and Times of Agustin <mask> Mangoré, GSP (GSP210)
Sila Godoy, Luis Szarán, Mangoré: Vida y Obra de Agustín <mask>, Editorial Don Bosco/Ñanduti Vive, Asunción, Paraguay
 Nicolás T. Riveros, Dos almas musicales: <mask> Pío <mask> y José del Rosario Diarte, Asunción, Paraguay
 Bacón Duarte Prado, <mask> <mask>, un genio insular. Editorial Araverá, Asunción del Paraguay, 1985
 Richard Pinnell, Frederick Sheppard, The Diary of Agustin Barrios
 Frederick Sheppard, Ramses Calderon, El Libro de Oro (vol. 1–6), Les Productions d'Oz

References

External links

Biography
 <mask> Pío <mask>. Archivo Paraguayo de la Música Centro Cultural de la República – El Cabildo, Asunción, Paraguay
 Mario Serio, Le incisioni discografiche di Agustin Barrios
Luis Szarán, <mask> Agustín (Mangoré), Diccionario de la Música en el Paraguay
 Pagina Cultural del Paraguay: Breve Recordación a Mangoré. <mask> Pío <mask>
 <mask> <mask> Mangoré: The Folkloric, Imitative, and the Religious Influence Behind His Compositions – a review essay by Johnna Jeong

Other
 Guitar of Barrios
 Agustin Barrios International Guitar Competition (Nuoro, Italy)

1885 births
1944 deaths
19th-century male musicians
20th-century composers
20th-century guitarists
20th-century male musicians
20th-century indigenous people of the Americas
Romantic composers
Composers for the classical guitar
Male classical composers
Paraguayan composers
Paraguayan classical guitarists
Paraguayan people of Guarani descent
Guaraní people
People from Misiones Department

masks:
Agustín Pío Barrios
Agustín Barrios Mangoré
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Agustín
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Barrios
Agustín
Barrios
Agustín
Barrios
Agustín
Barrios
Barrios
Agustín
Barrios
Agustín
Barrios


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<mask> (born 21 May 1944) is a former Italian pop singer and actress. She had a recognisable voice and an outstanding musical sense. <mask> was a versatile performer, featuring elements of gospel and blues. She is considered among the finest examples of the early beat music in Italy. She also collaborated with some of the top film scorers in Italy. <mask>'s fame was limited to her homeland, where she charted records and gave several performances broadcast nationwide by RAI. After her failure to chart hits in the early 1970s, she became an actress in commedia sexy all'italiana films.Career
<mask> was born in Ravarino, Province of Modena. She won the nationwide singing talent contest of Castrocaro Music Festival in August 1959 with the swing song "Quando una ragazza (a New Orleans)" (When a Girl (in New Orleans)). Consequently, she signed a recording contract with the Bluebell record label. The two tracks Villani recorded with the label were noticed by Fred Buscaglione who hired her as the female lead singer for his orchestra called the Asternovas. Buscaglione taught Villani to sing in the American swing style which she kept to throughout her career. The Asternovas stapled for a month at the Royal Club in Naples. The collaboration ended with the death of Buscaglione in a car accident on 3 February 1960.<mask>'s solo career continued with Bluebell issuing two more singles in 1961. She made her acting debut as The Singer in the film A Man for Burning by Valentino Orsini, Paolo and Vittorio Taviani. As the film received the Italian Film Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival, the Bluebell used the opportunity for launching a nationwide campaign for <mask>'s singles off the soundtrack. This led to <mask>'s first Italian chart hit "Brucia" (Burning). Subsequently, she was hired by the RAI and collaborated with Lelio Luttazzi in the TV shows Strettamente musicale and Strettamente musicale and Il Paroliere questo sconosciuto. The single "La mia strada" (My Street) became No. 14 on the Italian weekly chart in the same year.<mask> took part of the Cantagiro Festival of 1963, performing "Io sono così", a cover of "The Love of a Boy" by Burt Bacharach. The performance prompted an offer from Bacharach to record the Italian version "Anyone Who Had a Heart" which was turned down by the Bluebell leaving Petula Clark to enjoy the No. 21 biggest selling hit of 1964 in Italy. Beat music (1964–1966)
The year 1964 marked <mask>'s shift to beat music starting off with "Congratulazioni a te". The single failed to reach the Italian charts as did her next beat records. This prompted her record label for a makeover to go with her new sound. She changed her girl-next-door brunette for a blonde hairdo and lost weight.Her clothes styling, however, failed to catch the Mod fashion integral for the beat style and the result was more of office wear. The new look was due to be presented at the Sanremo Music Festival in 1965, scheduled to perform Armando Trovaioli's "La verità" (The Truth) alongside Paul Anka (these times in the Sanremo Festival, each entry was performed twice, by two interpreters). Anka's record label pulled out of the competition as a protest, leaving <mask> without a place in the contest. She went on to record the theme of The Avengers TV series with a group credited as Avengers. <mask> also participated in the Naples Festival with "Io ca te voglio bene" sung in Neapolitan. <mask> continued with her beat style in "Passo il tempo" (Time passes) which was used to open the Questo e quello TV programme in 1966 and made the Italian top 30 as the B-side of "Anche se mi vuoi", a cover of "Tossin' and Turnin'" by The Ivy League. "Bada Caterina", lyrics by Franco Migliacci and music by Armando Trovaioli, was the title track of the film Adultery Italian Style.The song's structure was simple and repetitive, being based on the call and response between the choir and <mask>'s variations of the main musical theme. That resulted in a portrait of a rebellious girl who wishes to dance all night long (played by Catherine Spaak) set against the strict rules of the adults represented by the choir. The naughty text and the cheeky beat made teenage Italian girls identify themselves with the character and to turn on the volume in the spirit of the track. <mask> provided the vocals for another piece on the soundtrack called "Brillo e bollo". The track was included in the Women in Lounge CD collection issued in 2002. <mask> continued in the protesting spirit, recording the track "Mille ghitarre contro la guerra" (A Thousand Guitars Against the War) and performing it at the Festival delle Rose. Her final single with Bluebell "Non c’è bisogno di camminare" marked the end of <mask> Cetra (1967–1970)
The management of <mask>'s new Fonit Cetra record label had great plans for the singer. Her debut single, the classy torch song "Io per amore" (I for Love), written and co-performed by Pino Donaggio, became 11th in the Sanremo Festival of 1967 and charted in Italy. A series of deeply emotional ballads followed: "Grin grin grin" (written by Paolo Conte and presented in the elaborate studio set of the Diamoci del tu TV show), "Per dimenticare" (Made to Forget), "Trenta 0233". Her 1968 output included "Questa sinfonia" (This Symphony). The title track for another film, Il profeta has been included in a number of collection albums. The flipside upbeat "Non prenderla sul serio" (Don't Take It Seriously) was the theme to the Su e giù TV programme.<mask> returned to the final of the Sanremo Festival and the Italian charts with "Piccola piccola" in 1969. The track won the Tokyo Festival and was a big success in Japan, but remained her last chart hit to date. The rest of her 1969 output, including "Se" (If) written in the signature style by Conte and presented at the Canzonissima contest, failed to make impact on the charts. For the subsequent two years, <mask> co-hosted Sunday variety shows musically directed by Gorni Kramer. Her Sanremo success continued with a 12th place for her performance of "Hippy" alongside the author Fausto Leali in 1970. Her last single with Fonit Cetra was "L’amore è come un bimbo" (Love is Like a Child). RCA (1971–1972)
In 1971, as suggested by the Italian singer Domenico Modugno, RCA signed a contract with <mask>.She and Modugno teamed up for the year's Sanremo Festival achieving the 6th place for the performance of "Come stai" (How Do You Feel) composed by Modugno. <mask>'s intention was to make a turn in her career, to shake off the label of light pop tunes and to establish herself as a serious interpreter. Ennio Melis, the chief of RCA Italy initiated the collaboration of <mask> with the singer-songwriter Piero Ciampi. In autumn 1971, Villani qualified to the second round of the Canzonissima contest and performed "Bambino mio" (My Baby) by Ciampi. The fact that the theme of the lyrics was divorce, which was legalised only in 1974, demanded some extra courage to perform it at the nationwide televised show. <mask> handled the situation delivering a poignant performance which is now considered among her best. <mask> and Ciampi recorded a couple of tracks in the studio in mid-February, 1972.Thereafter, Ciampi, known for his difficult character, refused to collaborate with <mask>. Later in the year, Ciampi started to work with Nada, another female singer, which concluded with Nada's album Ho scoperto che esisto anch'io. This left <mask> under pressure from RCA who were expecting a commercial album while she was still in need of serious material. This led to the breakup between the singer and the record label. This also meant the shelving of the material dedicated for the album. Among the ditched tracks was "Perchè dovrei" (Why should I) by Lucio Battisti which she had already presented at the Senza Rete live televised concert in July 1972 to appear only on a compilation album of Battisti more than thirty years later. <mask>'s last recording with the RCA was the title track of the thriller film L'ultimo uomo di Sara (Sara's Last Man) composed by Ennio Morricone.Acting career
Thanks to her film director husband Mauro Ivaldi, Villani moved into acting full-time, enjoying a string of starring roles in Italian sexy comedy films, such as Substitute Teacher, L’amica di mia madre and Ecco lingua d'argento. In late 1970s, she also modelled for Playboy and Playmen magazines. She attempted a few musical comebacks in the 1980s, though without success. In the 1990s, she starred in the stage musical Roma birbona, and in 2004 she made a guest performance on the album Weekend al Funkafè by the group Ridillo. Legacy
A number of <mask>'s tracks have been included in compilation albums of the 1960s Italian pop music, among them Beat in Cinecittà and Women in Lounge. References

Musicians from the Province of Modena
Italian women singers
Italian pop singers
Living people
1944 births
Italian rhythm and blues singers

masks:
Carmen Villani
Villani
Villani
Carmen Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villanit
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani
Villani


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Rear-Admiral <mask>  (26 September 1827 – 13 February 1907) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Early life and career
<mask> was born at Boulogne, France on 26 September 1827, the son of Mr A.T<mask> of Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, Wales. He attended Sherborne School from 1841 to 1842, during which time he was a member of Abbey House. After leaving Sherborne School, he entered the Royal Navy in 1842 as a 1st Class Volunteer in H.M.S. Monarch. He served for 11 months with the Naval Brigade in the Crimea being promoted Commander for his services. VC action
Raby was 27 years old, and a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy serving with the Naval Brigade during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.On 18 June 1855 in the Crimea, immediately after the assault on Sebastopol, a soldier of the 57th Regiment, who had been wounded in both legs, was observed sitting up and calling for help. At once Lieutenant <mask> and seamen <mask> and John Taylor left the shelter of their battery works and ran forward a distance of 70 yards, across open ground, through heavy gunfire and succeeded in carrying the wounded man to safety. <mask> was the first man to receive the VC from The Queen at the first investiture on 26 June 1857. The Queen pinned the crosses on the recipients in strict order of Service precedence and seniority. Commander <mask> therefore came first as the senior officer in the senior service on parade, although his V.C. deed had been performed after that of the midshipman, Lucas, who certainly stands as the first winner of the cross. Similarly in the army contingent, Sergeant-Major Grieve was the first soldier on the parade to receive the cross, because he belonged to the Cavalry, an arm senior to the Infantry, although his VC deed was later than those of the four infantry soldiers who earned it at the Alma.Subsequent career and death
In command of H.M.S. Medusa and later of H.M.S. Alecto in the 1860s he played a prominent part in the suppression of the slave trade on the West Coast of Africa and was present at the attack and destruction of Porto Novo in Dahomey. He was promoted Captain for his services in 1862. He was awarded C.B. in 1875 and commanded H.M.S. Aventure on the China Station 1868–71.He retired as a Rear Admiral 1878, and devoted the remaining years of his life to service charities. <mask> died on 13 February 1907. <mask>'s obituary appeared in The Shirburnian in March 1907 [Reprint from The Times, 14 February 1907]:
REAR-ADMIRAL H.J. RABY,V.C.,C.B. Born September 21st, 1827; died February 13th, 1907. Rear-Admiral <mask> <mask>,V.C., C.B. (retired), died yesterday morning at his residence, 8 Clarence Parade, Southsea.Admiral <mask> had resided in Southsea since his retirement from the Navy. He took a great interest in the Royal Seamen and Marines' Orphanage, the Royal Sailors’ Home, and in various other philanthropic Institutions in the town. Rear-Admiral <mask> was a son of Mr. Arthur Turnour <mask> of Llanelly, Carmarthen, and was educated at Sherborne. He was born in September, 1827, and entered the Navy as a first-class Volunteer on board 'The Monarch' in 1842. In 1848 he was rated mate, and two years later received his commission as lieutenant, in this grade he served for some time in the ‘Wasp' on the West Coast of Africa, and on the outbreak of war with Russia in 1854 was sent to the Black Sea. There he was landed with the Naval Brigade and served in the trenches from October 23rd, 1854, until September 16th, 1855. As second-in-command of a ladder party at the attack of the Redan, he performed the act of gallantry for which he received the Victoria Cross and which was thus described in the Gazette:-'On June 18th, 1855, immediately after the assault on Sevastopol, a soldier of the 57th regiment, who had been shot through both legs, was observed sitting up and calling for assistance.Climbing over the breastwork of the advanced sap, Lieutenant <mask> and two seamen proceeded upwards of 70 yards across the open space towards the salient angle of the Redan, and in spite of the heavy fire which was still continuing, succeeded in carrying the wounded soldier to a place of safety at the imminent risk of their own lives. Lieutenant <mask> was the sole survivor to reap the reward and wear the Cross.' For his services in the trenches he was in September, 1855, promoted to commander and received the Crimean, Sardinian, and Turkish Medals, with Clasps for Sevastopol and Inkerman, the 5th class of the Medjidie, and the ribbon of the Legion of Honour. His next appointment was to the command of the 'Allecto' on the West Coast of Africa from 1859 to 1862, during which period he commanded the boats of the squadron at the capture of Porto Novo in April 1861, when he was wounded, and for this and other services in the oppression of the slave trade was repeatedly  mentioned in despatches. He received his promotion to the rank of Captain in November, 1862, for his services on the West Coast, and subsequently commanded the 'Adventure' in China from 1868 to 1871. In 1877 he retired from the active list, and his subsequent step was gained in retirement. He had in 1875 been made a Companion of the Bath, and in 1895 was granted a good service pension, which is by the Admiral's death placed at the disposal of the Admiralty.Admiral <mask> married in 1863, Judith, daughter of the late Colonel Watkin Forster of Holt Manor, Trowbridge. H.J.R. entered Mr. James' House in 1841, he left the same year. The medal
His medal is on display at the Royal Naval Museum in Portsmouth. References

Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)
 Portsmouth Memorial Page

External links
 Location of grave and VC medal (Hampshire)

 Sherborne School Archives

1827 births
1907 deaths
Royal Navy admirals
People educated at Sherborne School
Crimean War recipients of the Victoria Cross
British recipients of the Victoria Cross
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War
Royal Navy recipients of the Victoria Cross
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

masks:
Henry James Raby
Henry James Raby
. Raby
Raby
Henry Curtis
Raby
Raby
Raby
Raby
Henry James
Raby
Raby
Raby
Raby
Raby
Raby
Raby


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<mask> (October 17, 1937 – October 16, 2002) was a British-born American musicologist, musician and conductor. He was particularly known for his scholarly studies on Benjamin Britten and William Byrd and for his contributions to the development of lesbian and gay musicology. At the time of his death, he was Distinguished Professor of Musicology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Life  and career
<mask> was born in Edwinstowe, a coal-mining village in north Nottinghamshire, England. His father was a collier and his mother a school teacher. He was educated first at the choir school of Southwell Minster and then attended King's College, Cambridge as a choral scholar. He received his BA degree from Cambridge in 1958 and a MusB in 1961, studying under <mask>, Boris Ord and Thurston Dart.After a year studying at University of California, Berkeley with Joseph Kerman, he returned to Cambridge as a Fellow of King's College and completed his PhD there in 1965. He wrote his doctoral dissertation on the songs of William Byrd, a composer on whom <mask> would write extensively throughout his career. In 1966 he joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley and remained there for nearly 25 years. He  was made a full professor in 1978 and went on to become chairman of the music department in 1988. During his time at Berkeley, he became a naturalised US citizen and participated in the musical life of the university both as a recitalist and as a choral conductor in addition to his teaching. In 1991, <mask> moved to University of California, Riverside to be with his long-term partner, George Haggerty, a professor of English there. He was appointed Associate Dean of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences at Riverside in 1998, a position which he held until 2001 when he became Distinguished Professor of Musicology at University of California, Los Angeles.<mask> died of cancer in Los Angeles at the age of 64, a year after taking up his appointment at UCLA. On the 6th anniversary of his death, the University of California, Riverside dedicated the <mask> Memorial Peace Garden, a traditional Japanese Karesansui designed by Takeo Uesugi. The annual <mask> Award from the American Musicological Society honors exceptional musicological work in the field of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender/transsexual studies. Musicologist
As a musicologist, <mask> was known for his scholarly studies on William Byrd and Benjamin Britten. The two English composers were separated by almost four centuries, but united in <mask>'s view by their positions as 'outsiders' in their respective societies—Byrd as a Roman Catholic during the English Reformation and Britten as a closeted homosexual. Overlapping with these themes, was the other area in which <mask> made a major, if at times controversial contribution—the development of lesbian and gay musicology. <mask>'s earliest scholarship was in music of the Tudor period.While studying for his doctorate with Thurston Dart, he found over 50 music manuscripts from a single documented scriptorium, and identified the hitherto anonymous songs for voice and viols in one of the manuscripts as late works of William Byrd. He edited the whole corpus for Musica Britannica in 1967 and Byrd's own songs separately in 1970. <mask> collaborated with Dart in revising a series by Edmund Fellowes on English madrigal composers. He also revised one of the volumes in the Collected Works of William Byrd (another Fellowes project) and demonstrated the doubtful authenticity of many of the pieces which Fellowes had attributed to Byrd. On Dart's recommendation, <mask> was appointed General Editor of the new seventeen-volume Byrd Edition, which revised (and in some cases replaced) the work begun by Fellowes. <mask> worked on the series right up until his death and edited several of the volumes himself. The final volume was published in 2005.According to Anthony Bye writing in The Musical Times, it was to become the first modern multi-volume, critical edition of a major English composer to reach completion. The extensive introductions which <mask> had written to the volumes on Byrd's Gradualia were published posthumously as a separate monograph in William Byrd and His Contemporaries: Essays and a Monograph (2007). In 1976, <mask> delivered a paper on Benjamin Britten's opera Peter Grimes at a national meeting of the American Musicological Society. The paper, published as an article by The Musical Times the following year, proposed that study of Britten's sexual identity could illuminate the interpretation of his music. It was the first time that this aspect of Britten had been considered in print. Britten's homosexuality had previously been what Antony Bye described as "off limits, an 'open secret' recognised but not publicly acknowledged." The reaction was mixed, and when <mask> initially submitted the paper to The Musical Quarterly for publication, the then editor, Joan Peyser, dismissed it as "a personality study".However, <mask> continued to explore the relationship between Britten's sexuality and his operas. In the succeeding years he wrote a series of influential articles and books both on Britten and on the more general implications of gay and lesbian sexuality in music. The discipline gradually entered the academic mainstream as part of the 'new musicology' with the American Musicological Society's Gay and Lesbian Study Group (co-founded  by <mask>) established in 1989. The 2001 edition of the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, contained, for the first time in its history, an article on gay and lesbian music (co-written by <mask> and Elizabeth Wood). Conductor and musician
From 1966 to 1991, <mask> was the conductor of the University of California, Berkeley Chamber Chorus. As a choral conductor, he received the American Musicological Society's Noah Greenberg Award in 1980 for the performances of Jacopo Peri's Euridice and Monteverdi's Orfeo as well as motets from Byrd's Gradualia. His 1990 recording of Handel's oratorio Susanna was nominated for a Grammy Award (Best Choral Performance).<mask> also played the harpsichord and Renaissance organ in some of these performances, as well as giving solo harpsichord recitals. Although most of his performances and recordings were of Renaissance and Baroque music, he also participated in the recordings of 20th century works including Lou Harrison's La koro sutro (1988) and Morton Feldman's Rothko Chapel (1991). Recordings
Harrison: La koro sutro, New Albion Records, 1988
Handel: Susanna, Harmonia Mundi, 1990
Morton Feldman: Rothko Chapel, New Albion Records, 1991
Handel: Messiah, Harmonia Mundi, 1991
Handel: Theodora, Harmonia Mundi, 1992

Selected bibliography
<mask> published many articles, monographs, books, and critical editions of scores during his lifetime. The following is an indicative bibliography of key works over the course of his career. Articles
"The English Consort Song, 1570-1625", Journal of the Royal Musical Association, Volume 88, Issue 1, 1961, pp. 73–88
"Word-Setting in the Songs of Byrd", Journal of the Royal Musical Association, Volume 98, Issue 1, 1971, pp. 47–64
"Britten and Grimes", The Musical Times, Vol.118, No. 1618, December 1977, pp. 995–1000
"Homage to Taverner in Byrd's masses", Early Music, Volume 9, No.2, 1981, pp. 169–176
"Homosexuality and Music: A Conversation with <mask>" in Lawrence Mass (ed. ), Dialogues of the Sexual Revolution: Homosexuality as Behavior and Identity, Routledge, 1990
"Musicality, essentialism, and the closet" and "Eros and Orientalism in Britten's Operas" in Queering the Pitch: The New Gay and Lesbian Musicology, Routledge, 1994
"Piano Four-Hands: Schubert and the Performance of Gay Male Desire", 19th-Century Music, Vol. 21, No. 2, Franz Schubert: Bicentenary Essays, Autumn 1997, pp.149–176
Single-authored books
Benjamin Britten, Peter Grimes, Cambridge University Press, 1983
Music and Sexuality in Britten, University of California Press, 2006
William Byrd and his Contemporaries, University of California Press, 2007
Edited books
Queering the Pitch: The New Gay and Lesbian Musicology, <mask>, Elizabeth Wood and Gary Thomas (editors), Routledge, 1994
Cruising the Performative: Interventions into the Representation of Ethnicity, Nationality, and Sexuality, Sue-Ellen Case, <mask>, Susan Leigh Foster (editors),  Indiana University Press, 1995
Decomposition: Post-disciplinary Performance, Sue-Ellen Case, <mask>, Susan Leigh Foster (editors), Indiana University Press, 2000
Edited scores
John Taverner, The Western Wynde Mass, Stainer & Bell, 1962; Mater Christi, Stainer & Bell, 1964
Consort Songs, (Musica Britannica 22), Royal Music Association, 1967
Thomas Tallis, Spem in Alium (revised edition), Oxford University Press, 1969; The Lamentations of Jeremiah, Oxford University Press, 1969. William Byrd, The Byrd Edition, Stainer & Bell. Completed in 2005, the new Byrd Edition was under the General Editorship of <mask>, who also edited the following volumes:
Vol. 4 The Masses, 1981
Vol. 5 Gradualia I (1605): The Marian Masses, 1989. Vol. 6a Gradualia I (1605): All Saints and Corpus Christi, 1991.Vol. 6b Gradualia I (1605): Other Feasts and Devotions, 1993. Vol. 7a Gradualia II (1607): Christmas to Easter, 1997. Vol. 7b Gradualia II (1607): Ascension, Pentecost and the Feasts of Saints Peter and Paul, 1997. Vol.15 Consort Songs for Voice and Viols, 1970. Vol. 16 Madrigals, Songs and Canons, 1976. Notes and references

Sources
Adams, Byron; Kerman, Joseph; McClary, Susan; and Moroney, Davitt, In Memoriam: <mask>, Academic Senate of the University of California, 2002. Accessed 13 September 2010. Adams, Byron, "<mask>, Gay musicologist who radicalised his subject", The Guardian, October 31, 2002. Accessed 13 September 2010.Anderson, Martin, "Professor <mask>, Outstanding musicologist and conductor", The Independent, October 21, 2002. Accessed 13 September 2010. <mask>, <mask>, "Homosexuality and Music: A Conversation with <mask>" in Lawrence Mass (ed. ), Dialogues of the Sexual Revolution: Homosexuality as Behavior and Identity, Routledge, 1990. <mask>, <mask>, Music and Sexuality in Britten: Selected Essays, University of California Press, 2006. <mask>, <mask>, and  Wood, Elizabeth, "Lesbian and Gay Music" (the uncut version of the article which appeared as "Gay and lesbian music" in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2nd edition), Electronic Musicological Review, Volume VII, December 2002. Accessed 13 September 2010.Bye, Antony, "In memoriam: <mask>", The Musical Times, January 2002. Accessed via  subscription 13 September 2010. Church, Michael, "How music got its Grove back", The Independent, 30 December 2000. Accessed 13 September 2010. San Jose Mercury News, "Respected Musician Leaves UC Post for a New Job—and Love", July 29, 1990, p. 5 (Arts section). Accessed 13 September 2010. Scott, David and Morgan, Paula."<mask>, <mask>", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy. Accessed via subscription 12 September 2010. The Times, "<mask>, Musicologist who outed Benjamin Britten and edited William Byrd", November 4, 2002. Accessed 13 September 2010. External links
<mask> on WorldCat
Remembrances of <mask>, UCLA Department of Music

1937 births
2002 deaths
American musicologists
People from Edwinstowe
University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
University of California, Riverside faculty
UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music faculty
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
20th-century musicologists

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Reginald John "<mask><mask> (24 June 190518 July 1944) was a British artist, who painted murals and society portraits, and designed theatrical costumes. He was killed in action in Normandy in World War II. <mask> was the brother of poet and artist <mask>. Biography
<mask> was born in Britain on 24 June 1905, in Eltham, Kent (now part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich), the son of architect and estate agent <mask> and Helen Frances Mary, the daughter of Rev. Charles Slegg Ward, vicar of Wootton St Lawrence, and through her mother a descendant of the goldsmith and silversmith Paul Storr. His best known work during the early part of his career was for the café at the Tate Gallery, completed in 1927 when he was only 22. He was commissioned to produce posters and illustrations for Shell Petroleum and the Radio Times.He also created designs for Wedgwood china based on drawings he made of the Devon village of Clovelly, and costumes "after Hogarth" for the premiere production of William Walton's ballet The Wise Virgins, produced by the Sadler's Wells Company in 1940. <mask>'s elegance and wit ensured his success as a portrait artist among the fashionable; he painted many members of London society, including Edith Sitwell, Cecil Beaton and other members of the set to which he belonged that became known as the "Bright Young Things". His murals for Edwina Mountbatten's 30-room luxury flat in Brook House, Park Lane, London were later installed by the Mountbattens' son-in-law, decorator David Hicks, in his own houses. Second World War

When war broke out, although he was 35, <mask> was eager to join the army. He was commissioned into the Welsh Guards as a Second lieutenant in June 1940. He served in the Guards Armoured Division. During the war he was the burial officer of his regiment, and his soldiers became somewhat suspicious of the 20 crosses he carried on his tank.He decided that just because he was at war it did not mean he could not paint, and he therefore also carried a bucket hanging off the side of his tank for his paintbrushes. Death

<mask> is said to have predicted his own death. Just days before he was killed, he remarked to a friend that he wanted to be buried where he fell, not in a military cemetery. On the night before his death, a fellow officer named Francis Portal came up to him, and they talked for a while. Before they parted, Portal remarked, "So we'll probably see each other tomorrow evening." Wistfully, <mask> replied, "I hope so." He was killed on 18 July 1944, after he left his tank to go to the aid of other men in his unit, killed by a mortar bomb.His body now lies in Section III, Row F, Grave 22 of Banneville-la-Campagne War Cemetery, situated 10 kilometres east of Caen. Reportedly, The Times newspaper received more letters about <mask>'s death than for any other war victim. A memorial glass engraving by his brother, <mask> (the <mask> prism) was placed at the Morning Chapel at Salisbury Cathedral. Laurence also wrote a biography of his brother The Laughter and the Urn (1985). <mask>'s death is mentioned in a letter to Alec Guinness in 'Sir John Gielgud A Life in Letters', edited by Richard Mangan (Arcade Publishing 2004), p.75. Gielgud notes that '<mask>'s death is a major tragedy' adding that 'He wanted to prove that 'artists can be tough' and alas, he has done so - but the world is greatly the poorer for his sacrifice'. Archive
In 2013, the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum acquired an archive, compiled by <mask> after <mask>'s death, consisting of thousands of drawings, book illustrations, stage and mural designs and other material by <mask>.The museum mounted an exhibition based on this material in the summer of 2013. Works
 An Anthology of Mine (published posthumously), London: Hamish Hamilton (1981)
 Self-Portrait in Welsh Guards Uniform, oil on canvas (May 1940)
 OHO!, reversible drawing with words by <mask>. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head (1946)
"Capriccio" in the dining room at Plas Newydd the historic home of the Marquess of Anglesey in North Wales now part of the National Trust (1938)
 The Expedition in Pursuit of Rare Meats, mural. London: Tate Britain (commissioned 1927). The mural has become controversial due to its depiction of slavery and stereotypical Chinese figures. Ave Silvae Dornii, Dorneywood House, Buckinghamshire, now part of the National Trust. This large painting (198.1 x 205.7cm) is positioned to give the impression you are looking straight through the house into the garden when you enter through the front door.It was commissioned by the 1st Baron Courtauld-Thomson (1928).

masks:
Rex
" Whistler
Whistler
Laurence Whistler
Reginald John Whistler
Henry Whistler
Whistler
Whistler
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Laurence Whistler
Rex
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<mask><mask> (August 26, 1831 – March 2, 1919) was a lumber baron from Saginaw, Michigan. At the time of his death, his wealth was estimated to be between $40 and $90 million ($1.3 billion in 2019 dollars). For a time in the early 1900s, <mask> ranked as one of the eight wealthiest men in the United States. He was best known for his lumber mills and timber holdings, but was also involved in iron mining, railroads, salt mines, and finances. <mask> was a politician, holding the offices of Mayor of East Saginaw (1867–68) and member of the Michigan Senate (1893–94). In his final years, he lived alone in a mansion with his servants. Estranged from friends and family and nicknamed "The Lone Pine of Michigan", he officially died of "senility" at age 87.<mask> had an unusual will, "as bizarre but as finely-wrought as any in U.S. court annals". It contained a "spite clause" conceived by <mask> to avenge a family feud. It specified to wait 21 years after his children and grandchildren were dead before the bulk of the fortune could go to any descendants, in effect alienating his children and grandchildren from the estate, beyond some small annuities. The conditions of the will were met in 2010 after the 1989 death of his last grandchild. In May 2011, twelve of <mask>'s descendants finally received the estate, worth about $100 million. <mask>'s legacy today is mixed, seen as a vindictive old man, a generous benefactor of the city of Saginaw and a famously wealthy American entrepreneur. Biography

<mask> was born on August 26, 1831 in the town of Pike, near Rochester, New York, the ninth of thirteen siblings and the eldest son.His father was <mask> and his mother Florinda <mask>. The <mask>s were poor farmers who came from an old New England line, tracing back to <mask>, who had settled from Scotland in 1640. The <mask> lineage included William Austin <mask> (1792–1858), who was a notable Michigan surveyor described as "the father of the typewriter". At the age of seven, he moved with his parents to Jackson County, Michigan, where he worked on the family farm. Michigan was then only a few years old and <mask>'s subsequent life and career as a first generation Michigander was often identified with the growth and progress of the new state. In 1843, when <mask> was 12, his father Luther died. Under the guidance of his mother, he became the farm's manager and "entered into the struggle incident to pioneer life".He attended two years of college one at Albion College and one at Michigan Central College (now Hillsdale College). At the age of 22, he decided to see the world and obtained work as a sailor abroad on freighters in Australia, Central and South America, and New Zealand. He would recall Australia as his favorite foreign country. When he returned home in 1857 at age 26, he found a burgeoning timber industry in Michigan, the "Green Gold Rush". He took a job earning $13 a month at the Pine River lumber camp near St. Louis, Michigan and within a month was promoted to camp foreman with double wages. He was "tall, strong and knew how to give orders". Using savings, he started his own lumber company in 1858, buying 300 acres in Gratiot County.In 1867, he founded the community of Melbourne on the Saginaw River near Zilwaukee, Michigan, named after his favorite city in Australia. By 1870, Melbourne was among the largest and most complete mills in the world, but in 1876, it was destroyed by a fire of unknown origin. Many at the time thought this would be the end of <mask>'s fortunes, but he also owned timber land elsewhere, including in St. Louis County, Minnesota, which turned out to be favourable for him, as it was in the heart of the immensely valuable Mesabi iron range. In addition to his various timber and iron mine holdings, <mask> made his fortune in the salt industry, in railroads and in foreign bonds and banking investments. He invested in the former CS&M Railroad (running between Durand and Bay City) and for a time, owned most of the Ann Arbor Railroad system. He also bought railways in Russia and China. He had plans to build a sugar beet factory in Owosso, Michigan, but the idea failed to come to fruition.<mask>'s political career included time as mayor of East Saginaw in 1867 and 1868, and as unsuccessful Fusion candidate for the position of Governor of Michigan in 1888. He was elected member of the Michigan State Senate 22nd District for 1893–94 again under the Fusion ticket, and as Democratic candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 8th District in 1900. "In the capitol at Lansing", one Saginaw News account read, "Sen. <mask> was more conspicuous for his political naiveté than for any distinguished act of statesmanship. They said he tried hard, but to him, politics were strange shenanigans. You smiled and joked when you meant to kick a man's shins." Later in his life, <mask> lived alone in a three-story brick mansion at Cherry St. and E. Genesee Ave. It was demolished in 1959 and today is a parking lot.With failing eyesight and hearing he was taken care of by servants. Due to his isolation from his family and social circles in later years, he was known as "The Lone Pine of Michigan". He had radical stomach surgery at the age of 80. His death certificate lists his cause of death as "senility". He is buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Saginaw County Michigan, USA – Plot: Section 8, Plot 1. <mask> was married twice and had seven children, three daughters from the first wife and one daughter and three younger sons from the second wife. His first wife was Sarah Torrance (1833–1867), whom he married May 22, 1860; his second was Armine <mask> (1839–1904), whom he married February 10, 1869.Will

<mask> had one of the more bizarre wills in American legal history. It contained a "spite clause" which specified to wait until his children and grandchildren were dead before the estate could be dispersed to any descendants yet unborn in <mask>'s lifetime. However, his children did receive relatively small annuities of $1,000 to $5,000 each, except for one favorite son who received $30,000 annually, and one unfavored daughter who got nothing. His secretary received $4,000 annually, more than most of his children, while a cook, housekeeper, coachman and chauffeur each received $1,000 annually. <mask>'s will stipulated the majority of the estate to be held in a trust until "21 years after [the death of] my last surviving grandchild [who was alive] at the time of my death." This condition was met in 2010, 21 years after the November 1989 death of <mask>'s last grandchild, Marion Lansill. In May 2011, after time for legal negotiations, the fortune was finally distributed to his descendants.The estate was estimated in total at $100 million to $110 million. It was split between twelve descendants, weighted based on age seniority. They included three great-grandchildren; seven great-great grandchildren; and two great-great-great grandchildren – the youngest beneficiary was 19 and the oldest 94. The biggest beneficiary received between $14.5 to $16 million, with the smallest beneficiary between $2.6 to $2.9 million. In the end thirty of <mask>'s descendants, including children and grandchildren, missed out on the inheritance because they were ineligible or died before the will's conditions were met. It is not entirely clear why <mask> made such an unusual will, but newspaper records suggest family feuds were likely at the core of his decision. The will was challenged by his children after he died.A legal hole was found in 1920 because part of the estate was composed of iron leases in Minnesota, and Minnesota had a law against trusts of such long standing. This portion of the estate, amounting to $5 million, was distributed to <mask>'s children and grandchildren (a son, three daughters and four granddaughters). In 1961, an additional $720,000 was taken from the trust in settlement of a suit filed by nine heirs and the estates of three other descendants. <mask>'s legacy is mixed. On the one hand he was once a famous and successful business man who contributed to the community in many ways, and was generally well regarded in his lifetime. On the other hand he is best known today for his bizarre will, giving him the reputation of a vindictive old man. Saginaw historian Thomas B. Mudd said "For a while, I took <mask><mask> as a selfish rich guy, but the picture that emerges is of someone who also threw himself into the community".<mask> could be tough, and not just with his children. <mask> had originally devised millions in his will to the city, but retracted it when Saginaw officials increased his South Jefferson property assessment from $400,000 to $1 million four years before he died in 1919. One well known story recounts how <mask> ordered some horses at the lumber mill to be starved and worked to death, "Mr. Callam, the horses are too fat", <mask> reportedly said. "Trim them down, sir, and when the logs are out, dispose of them." Mr. Callam refused to starve and kill the horses so <mask> fired him, and found someone who would carry it out. <mask> was generous in life and honored after death. His charitable giving to Saginaw during his lifetime was extensive, including funding the City Auditorium, the Burt Manual Training School, a women's hospital, a Salvation Army and a YWCA that later became Jacobson's.The town of Burt, Michigan is named for him, as is Burt Street in Saginaw, which borders the same block as his former home. The Burt Opera House in Taymouth Township carries his name and is still in use today as a community center. Trips on the paddle steamer <mask> R. <mask> were once a popular day excursion along the Saginaw River (1876–1891). <mask> was inducted into the Saginaw Hall of Fame in 1967. See also
Charles Lathrop Pack
Thellusson Will Case

References

External links

The <mask> house location via Google Maps street view. Cherry St. and E. Genesee Ave., Saginaw, MI
Wellington R. Burt steamer, a popular sidewheel steamboat on the Saginaw River ca. 1876–1891, from History of Saginaw County, Michigan, 1918.The Burt Manual Training School, from History of Saginaw County, Michigan, 1918. Burt Opera House, Taymouth Township, Michigan (Michigan Historical Markers on Waymarking.com)

1919 deaths
1831 births
Philanthropists from Michigan
19th-century American businesspeople
American people of Scottish descent
American industrialists
Businesspeople in timber
People from Wyoming County, New York
Mayors of Saginaw, Michigan
Michigan state senators
Albion College alumni
Michigan Democrats
19th-century American politicians
Philanthropists from New York (state)
19th-century American philanthropists

masks:
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Luther Burt
Horton Burt
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Henry Burt
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Mary Richardson
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Lieutenant General Prince Imperial Yeong, <mask>, Crown Prince Uimin (also Euimin), also known as <mask>, <mask>, Lee Eun and <mask> (20 October 1897 – 1 May 1970), was the 28th Head of the Korean Imperial House, an Imperial Japanese Army general and the last crown prince of Korea. In 1910, when the Empire of Korea was annexed by Japan and Emperor Sunjong was forced to abdicate, <mask> was titled His Highness The Crown Prince of Korea. On 10 June 1926, upon the death of Emperor Sunjong, he became His Highness King <mask> of Changdeokgung in Japan. After World War II he was refused entry to Korea, and his Japanese titles were removed by article 14 of the new Constitution of Japan in 1947. In 1920, he married Princess Masako of Nashimoto (born 4 November 1901 – ), the eldest daughter of Prince Nashimoto Morimasa, on 28 April 1920 at Tokyo. Early life

The prince was born on 20 October 1897 at Deoksu Palace in Seoul as the seventh son of Gojong, the Gwangmu Emperor. His mother was the Honorable Princess Consort Eom Seon-yeong, a palace attendant, who was posthumously awarded the title of Princess Sunheon.He was also the younger half-brother of Emperor Sunjong and Prince Imperial Ui. He was titled Prince Imperial Yeong in 1900, and became the crown prince in 1907, despite being younger than Prince Ui. Prince Ui's support base at court was not strong because his own mother, Lady Jang, had already died. In December 1907, he was taken to Japan on the initiative of Itō Hirobumi to be enrolled at Gakushūin Peers' School. The move was meant to ensure that the Korean royal family would not take any further anti-Japanese actions following The Hague Secret Emissary Affair. Japanese Emperor Meiji, who largely ignored his own grandchildren, devoted a lot of attention to <mask>, acting as his guardian. Itō would bring <mask> whenever he was visiting the princes Hirohito, Chichibu and Takamatsu.Meiji apparently stopped seeing <mask> so frequently after Ito's assassination. <mask> was allowed to visit Korea again only after the death of his mother in 1911. Military career

In September 1911, the prince was enrolled in the second year of the Army Central Youth School, a military preparation school located in Tokyo. He was poor in gymnastics due to his small stature, but excelled in music and martial arts. He was then enrolled in the 29th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, from which he graduated on 25 May 1917 with an excellent record. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry on 25 December, and steadily rose up the ranks, receiving promotions to lieutenant (April 1920), and captain (July 1923). He graduated from the 35th class of the Army Staff College in November 1923 and commanded a battalion of the Guards 2nd Infantry Regiment.He was assigned to the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office in December 1924, and to the staff of the Chosen Army in July 1926. In May 1927, he was sent on an extensive European tour, visiting France, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Poland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Monaco, and returning to Japan in April 1928. In August, he was promoted to major and in August 1929 became commander of the IJA 1st Infantry Regiment. In December 1930, he was assigned to the Inspectorate General of Military Training and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1932. He became colonel in August 1935 and commanded the Utsunomiya-based IJA 59th Infantry Regiment. From April 1937, he served as an instructor at the Army Academy. In July 1938, the prince was promoted to major general and from December was assigned to the staff of the North China Area Army, which was engaged in combat operations in northern China following the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War.Throughout the first half of 1939, he made extensive inspection tours of front-line units throughout northern Japan, and reviewed Kwantung Army garrison units in Manchukuo. In August, he was appointed commander of the Guards 2nd Brigade and in May 1940 was commander of the reserve Fourth Depot Division. He was promoted to lieutenant general in December. In July 1941, he was appointed commander of the IJA 51st Division. Under his command, the division relocated to Manchukuo to participate in the Special exercise of the Kwantung Army (actually a mobilization for the possible large-scale conflict with the Soviet Union). The preparations for the war with the Soviet Union were officially cancelled in August 1941. In September, the division was transferred to Guangdong under command of IJA 23rd Army.He returned to a post on the staff of the Inspectorate General of Military Training in November. From August 1942, the prince was transferred to the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force and became commander of the 1st Air Army from July 1943. In April 1945, he became a member of the  Supreme War Council

Later life
Following the surrender of Japan, <mask> lost his royal status under the American Occupation of Japan in 1947. He was also declared stateless, as Korea had become independent of the Empire of Japan, but Korean President Syngman Rhee had refused his request to be allowed to return to Korea with his family. In May 1957, following the end of the American occupation, he acquired Japanese citizenship and travelled to the United States the same month. In March 1959, while still in the United States, he suffered from a stroke. He returned to Japan in May.In 1960, President Rhee again denied him permission to return to Korea, but instead offered the prince the position of Korean Ambassador to the Court of St. James's. He refused on the grounds of illness, but made a trip to New York from June to August 1960, and to Hawaii from March to May 1961. His health deteriorating rapidly, he was hospitalized in Tokyo from August 1961. In November 1963, President Park Chung-hee granted permission for Prince <mask>un and Crown Princess Bangja to return to Korea. By that time, Prince <mask>un was unconscious from cerebral thrombosis. He received treatment at St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul. In his final years, <mask> Eun lived at Nakseon Hall, Changdeokgung Palace, the former residence of the Korean Imperial Family in Seoul, with Bangja and his younger sister Princess Deokhye.Seven years after returning to his country, he died on 1 May 1970 at Nakseon Hall, Changdeok Palace, Seoul. He was buried at Hongreung in Namyangju, near Seoul; he is known posthumously as <mask>, Crown Prince Euimin of Korea. He was enshrined as a deity in the Jongmyo shrine on 6 May 1973. Children
 <mask> () (born 18 August 1921 – ), the elder son of Prince Eun and his wife, Princess Bangja. He died abruptly during a visit to Korea with his parents, fueling conspiracy theories. His funeral was held on 17 May 1922 and he is buried in Korea. <mask> () (born 29 December 1929 – ), the second son of Prince Eun and his wife, Princess Bangja.Prince Gu became the 29th Head of the Korean Imperial Household upon the death of his father. He married Julia Mullock, an American citizen (b. 1928) on 25 October 1959 at St George's Church in New York, they had no issue but adopted a daughter, Eugenia <mask> Lee (Eun-sook) (b. 1959). Honours
 Korean Empire: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Golden Ruler - 17 April 1900
: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, with Paulownia Flowers – 17 October 1907
 : Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog – 10 November 1927
 : Commander Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa, with Collar – 13 November 1927
 : Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion – 16 December 1927

In popular culture
 Portrayed by Park Soo-young in the 2016 period drama film The Last Princess. References

1897 births
1970 deaths
People from Seoul
Un
Heirs apparent who never acceded
South Korean Roman Catholics
Japanese nobility
Pretenders to the Korean throne
Korean nobility
Japanese generals
Zainichi Korean people
Korean princes
Korean anti-communists
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers
Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Grand Crosses of the Order of Vasa
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion

masks:
Yi Un
Yi Un
Yi Eun
Un Yi
Yi Un
Yi
Yi Un
Yi Un
Yi Un
Yi Un
Yi Un
Yi E
Yi E
Prince Yi
Yi Un
Yi Jin
Yi Gu
Unsuk


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<mask> (born 13 November 1951 in Caputh) is a German classical archaeologist. Life
<mask> studied classical archaeology, ancient history, art history and cultural history in Berlin and at the University of Bonn.<mask> studied classical archeology, ancient history and art and cultural history at the Humboldt University in Berlin and at the University of Bonn . In 1985 he completed his studies with a master's degree and received his doctorate in 1987 in Bonn under Nikolaus Himmelmann with a thesis on the subject of magnificent mythological reliefs from the imperial era . Subsequently he was curator of the exhibition Ancient Portraits from Yugoslavia at the Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Frankfurt am Main and employee atAcademic Art Museum Bonn . He also worked at the universities in Heidelberg , London (1991/1992: Honorary Research Fellow, Department of History, University College London) and Erlangen . Since 1994 he has been working in the German excavation in Olympia , where he first recorded the archaeological finds and findings on the statues of the Olympians and then dealt with the history of the sanctuary in the imperial era and late antiquity . Since 2002, <mask> has been researching together with the ancient historian Andreas Gutsfeld from the University of Nancy as part of a research projectOlympia in late antiquity.Between 2002 and 2007 he worked in Münster for the research company Christian State and "Panhellenic" Shrines, which is funded by the DFG . On the change of Pagan cult sites in late ancient Greece In 2016 he was appointed "Membre associé du Center de recherche pour les Histoire et Cultures de l'Antiquité et du Moyen-Age (HISCANT-MA) à l'Université de Lorraine". <mask> completed his habilitation at the University of Halle in 1999/2000 with a work on the subject of statues of the victors in Olympia . He was awarded a teaching qualification and authorization for the subject of Classical Archeology. In 2009 he was appointed adjunct professor of classical archeology. In addition to his teaching activities, <mask> has been heading the Archaeological Museum of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg since 2007, succeeding Manfred Oppermann . In his responsibility or joint responsibility, the museum showed several exhibitions, including Oskar Kokoschka's Antike: A European Vision of Modernism (2010, together with Katja Schneider ),The wrong Augustus.A questionable bronze portrait of the first Roman emperor (2014), Goethe's very dearest Klytia - Metamorphoses of a Woman Bust (2016), The Discovery of Ancient Painting in the 18th Century: Turnbull - Paderni - Winckelmann (2017) and Ideale. Modern art since Winckelmann's antiquity (2018, together with Olaf Peters and Elisa Tamaschke). On the occasion of the university research and teaching collections conference in 2013, those responsible for collections at the University of Halle presented the first comprehensive publication of the university collections and museums under his leadership. <mask> worked as a visiting scholar at the University College and the Warburg Institute in London (1991/92), at the Archaeological Seminar at the University of Münster (2000–2002), at the Institute for Religious Studies at the University of Bremen (2002), and at the Winckelmann Institute at Humboldt University Berlin (2005), at the Weimar Classic and Art Collections Foundation (2005), at the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel (2008) and at the Berlin State Museums(2011). In 2004 he was a professor at the Archaeological Institute of the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster. He managed the vacant professorship for Classical Archeology at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg from 2010 to 2012 and represented it in 2014 and 2016. In August 2018, he retired.The main research areas of <mask>'s work are the imagery of Greek and Roman sculpture, the art and cultural history of ancient sport and its afterlife, ancient religious history, the cult topography of ancient sanctuaries with a focus on the imperial era and late antiquity as well as the reception of antiquity and the history of science. Outside the field, <mask> became known as a critic of an exhibition of the Winckelmann Society in Stendal , to which he had belonged since 1974. A bronze bust of Alexander the Great from the property of the antique dealer Robin Symes was shown there. According to the exhibition organizer Max Kunze, the portrait should be an ancient original and renew knowledge of the portrait of the Macedonian ruler. <mask> denied the authenticity and assigned the bronze portrait to the forgery workshop of the Spanish master. Due to the nature of the allegations made in this context, <mask> came into conflict with parts of the Winckelmann Society, which expelled him on December 12, 2009 at the Society's general meeting. This was followed by a legal dispute between Max Kunze and the Winckelmann Society on the plaintiff's side and <mask> as the defendant.In 2012, <mask> made a public, written affidavit in which he regretted the as-conceived defamatory attacks against Kunze and the Winckelmann Society. On March 8, 2012, the Naumburg Higher Regional Court confirmed in the last instance the conviction of <mask> for the omission of the allegations against Max Kunze and the Winckelmann Society. Nevertheless, the bust is a modern forgery of antiquities and an object of the illegal antiques trade. An exhibition organized by <mask> in Halle in 2014 “The wrong Augustus. A questionable bronze portrait of the first Roman emperor ”including a workshop, the results of which were published in 2015 under the title Authenticity and Originality of Ancient Bronze Images , deepened the problem of falsification of ancient bronze images and offered exemplary solutions. This publication was also immediately noted by the international specialist community and, as the reviews can show, lively scientifically discussed. So far, there are no scientifically justified suggestions for correcting the suspicious "Alexander Stendal" within the specialist department,  which does not apply equally to other bronze works listed as suspicious in the catalog.Works
 Mythologische Prachtreliefs. Dissertation. Universität Bonn 1988. Weiss, Bamberg 1996,  (Studien zur Kunst der Antike und ihrem Nachleben. Band 1). with Andreas E. Furtwängler (ed.s): Alexander der Große – einst in Stendal: Original – Kopie – Fälschung? Halle (Saale) 2009,  (Kataloge und Schriften des Archäologischen Museums der Martin-Luther-Universität.Band 2). with Ralph Einicke etc. (ed.s): Festschrift für Andreas E. Furtwängler. Zurück zum Gegenstand. 2 Bände. Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2009,  (Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraume. Band 16).with Katja Schneider (ed.s): Oskar Kokoschkas Antike. Eine europäische Vision der Moderne. Katalogbuch der Stiftung Moritzburg Halle. Kunstmuseum des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, München 2010, . References

External links
 Porträt von Stafan <mask> auf der Webseite der MLU
 Archäologisches Museum hat neuen Kustos. Privatdozent Dr. <mask> freut sich auf Arbeit mit den Studierende auf verwaltung.uni-halle.de
 B. Sismondo Ridgway: Besprechung der Alexander-Untersuchung.In: Bryn Mawr Classical Review. 2010.05.57.1951 births
Living people
German classical scholars
Archaeologists from Brandenburg
Classical archaeologists

masks:
Stefan Lehmann
Stefan Lehmann
Stefan Lehmann
Lehmann
Lehmann
Lehmann
Lehmann
Lehmann
Lehmann
Lehmann
Lehmann
Stefan Lehmann
Lehmann
Stefan Lehmann
Lehmann
Lehmann
Stefan Lehmann


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<mask> (24 January 1818 – 6 August 1866) was an English Anglican priest, scholar and hymnwriter. He notably worked and wrote on a wide range of holy Christian texts, including obscure medieval hymns, both Western and Eastern. Among his most famous hymns is the 1853 Good King Wenceslas, set on Boxing Day. An Anglo-Catholic, Neale's works have found positive reception in high-church Anglicanism and Western Rite Orthodoxy. <mask> was born in London on 24 January 1818, his parents being the clergyman <mask> and <mask>, daughter of <mask>. A younger sister <mask> (1822–1901) founded the Community of the Holy Cross. He was educated at Sherborne School, Dorset, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where (despite being said to be the best classical scholar in his year) his lack of ability in mathematics prevented him taking an honours degree.Neale was named after the Puritan cleric and hymn writer <mask> (1645–94), of whom his mother Susanna was a descendant. At the age of 22 Neale was the chaplain of Downing College, Cambridge. At Cambridge he was affected by the Oxford Movement and, particularly interested in church architecture, helped to found the Cambridge Camden Society (afterwards known as the Ecclesiological Society). The society advocated for more ritual and religious decoration in churches, and was closely associated with the Gothic Revival. Neale was ordained in 1842. He was briefly incumbent of Crawley in Sussex, but was forced to resign due to a chronic lung disease. The following winter he lived in the Madeira Islands, where he was able to do research for his History of the Eastern Church.In 1846 he became warden of Sackville College, an almshouse at East Grinstead, an appointment which he held until his death. In 1854 Neale co-founded the Society of Saint Margaret, an order of women in the Church of England dedicated to nursing the sick. Many Protestants of the time were suspicious of the restoration of Anglican religious orders. In 1857, Neale was attacked and mauled at a funeral of one of the Sisters. Crowds threatened to stone him or to burn his house. He received no honour or preferment in England, and his doctorate was bestowed by Trinity College (Connecticut). He was also the principal founder of the Anglican and Eastern Churches Association, a religious organization founded as the Anglican and Eastern Orthodox Churches Union in 1864.A result of this organisation was the Hymns of the Eastern Church, edited by <mask> Neale and published in 1865. Neale was strongly high church in his sympathies, and had to endure a good deal of opposition, including a fourteen years' inhibition by his bishop. Neale translated the Eastern liturgies into English, and wrote a mystical and devotional commentary on the Psalms. However, he is best known as a hymnwriter and, especially, translator, having enriched English hymnody with many ancient and mediaeval hymns translated from Latin and Greek. For example, the melody of Good King Wenceslas originates from a medieval Latin springtime poem, Tempus adest floridum. More than anyone else, he made English-speaking congregations aware of the centuries-old tradition of Latin, Greek, Russian, and Syrian hymns. The 1875 edition of the Hymns Ancient and Modern contains 58 of his translated hymns; The English Hymnal (1906) contains 63 of his translated hymns and six original hymns by Neale.His translations include:

 All Glory, Laud and Honour
 A Great and Mighty Wonder
 O come, O come, Emmanuel
 Of the Father's Heart Begotten
 Sing, My Tongue, the Glorious Battle
 To Thee Before the Close of Day
 Ye Sons and Daughters of the King

Death and legacy
Since Neale died on 6 August 1866, the Festival of the Transfiguration, he is commemorated by the Anglican churches on the following day, 7 August. In the Episcopal Church in the United States, he shares this feast with Catherine Winkworth, who also translated hymns into English. Neale and Winkworth are also commemorated together in the Calendar of Saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on 1 July, the anniversary of Winkworth's death. Neale was buried in St Swithun's churchyard, East Grinstead. <mask> Neale is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 7 August. Works
Sermons
Sermons for the Black Letter Days (1868)
Sermons for Children (1869)
Sermons Preached in a Religious House (1869), volume one
Sermons on the Blessed Sacrament (1870)
Sermons on the Passages of the Psalms (1871)
Three Groups of Sermons (1871)
Occasional Sermons (1873)
Sermons for the Church Year (1876) volume one
Sermons Preached in Sackville College Chapel (1895)
Vol. IV.Minor Festivals of the Church of England
Sermons on Passages from the Prophets (1895), volume one

Hymns and carols

Neale's most enduring and widely known legacy is probably his contribution to the Christmas repertoire, most notably:
 Good Christian Men, Rejoice, Christmas carol
 Good King Wenceslas, his original legendary Boxing Day carol
 O come, O come, Emmanuel, Advent hymn translated from the "O Antiphons" for the week preceding Christmas

<mask> Neale also wrote the hymn:
 A Great and Mighty Wonder, translated from the Greek of St Germanus, although Neale incorrectly attributed it to St Anatolius.

masks:
John Mason Neale
Life Neale
Cornelius Neale
Susanna Neale
John Mason Good
Elizabeth Neale
John Mason
John Mason
John Mason
John Mason


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<mask> (born 13 June 1992) is a Fijian professional rugby union and rugby league footballer. He currently plays rugby union for the English club Bristol Bears and the Fiji national team. Nicknamed '<mask> Trailer', <mask> has played primarily as a wing in both codes. He played for Fiji in sevens (rugby union) in 2011, then began his professional career playing rugby league for the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League. He played international rugby league for Fiji and Australia. He is a rare dual-code double international as he has played international rugby league for 2 nations as well as playing international rugby union for Fiji. He changed codes from rugby league to rugby union when he transferred to French club Toulon in 2017, before moving to Bordeaux Bègles in 2018.He made his international debut for Fiji in 2018 and played in the 2019 Rugby World Cup. On 27 November 2019, it was announced he would be joining Bristol Bears ahead of the 2020/21 season. Background
<mask> hails from the village of Somosomo in Taveuni. He played professional rugby union for the Vatukoula Rugby Union club, and was selected to represent the Fiji U20 team at the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship, playing at centre in four matches. Later the same year, <mask> represented the Fiji national rugby sevens team at the 2011 Dubai Sevens, where he was scouted by the Parramatta Eels. Rugby league

Early career

<mask> played for the Parramatta Eels' NYC team in 2012 before moving on to their New South Wales Cup team, the Wentworthville Magpies. 2013
In round 18, <mask> made his NRL debut for the Eels against the Penrith Panthers on the  in Parramatta's 10–17 loss at Parramatta Stadium.In round 20, against Canterbury-Bankstown, <mask> scored his first NRL try in Parramatta's 12–40 loss at ANZ Stadium. <mask> finished the 2013 season with five tries in seven appearances. <mask> was selected in the Fiji squad for the 2013 World Cup, playing in 3 matches and scoring a try in the 12–34 defeat by England. 2014
In February, <mask> was selected in Parramatta's inaugural Auckland Nines squad and was the tournament's highest try scorer with five tries, alongside the North Queensland Cowboys' Kyle Feldt. In round 1, against the New Zealand Warriors, <mask> scored a hat-trick in Parramatta's 36–16 win at Parramatta Stadium, earning the nickname Semi-Trailer. In May, <mask> played for Fiji in the 2014 Pacific Rugby League International against Samoa at  in the 16–32 loss. On 4 June, <mask> re-signed with the Parramatta club on a four-year contract worth $1 million until the end of the 2018 season.He was named 2014 Dally M Winger of the year. <mask> played in all of the Eels 24 matches and scored 19 tries. He was awarded the Fiji Bati International Player of the Year Award. 2015
At the start of the year, <mask> played for Parramatta in the 2015 Auckland Nines. In round 1, against the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, he scored a hat-trick of tries in Parramatta's 42–12 win at Parramatta Stadium. <mask> was the first player to score consecutive hat-tricks in the first round of two separate NRL seasons. In round 17, against the West Tigers, he broke a 61-year-old record by becoming the first player to score two or more tries in five consecutive games when he scored his double in Parramatta's 28–16 win at ANZ Stadium.The previous record was held by Ray Preston. In the final round of the season against the Canberra Raiders, <mask> scored two tries in the Eels' golden-point 24–28 defeat to finish with 24 tries in 18 games, making him the top try-scorer of the season. This was a club record, surpassing Steve Ella's previous record of 23 tries. <mask> was named the Dally M Winger of the Year, for the second year in a row, and was named on the wing in the 2015 RLIF Team of the Year, the first Fijian player to do so. 2016
On 1 February 2016, <mask> again played in the Auckland Nines. On 13 February, he played for the World All Stars against the Indigenous All Stars in the 2016 All Stars match, playing on the wing and scoring a try in his team's 12–8 win at Suncorp Stadium. Early into the 2016 season, he declared that he wanted to play international football for Australia after he found out he was qualified for Australia on residency grounds, so he changed allegiances from Fiji, commenting "I want to be known as the best Fijian rugby player around the world and I want to be playing the top teams," <mask> said."I want to play alongside all the big names. That's how I made my decision and Australia is the right team for me to showcase my talent". However, while being eligible for Australia, he was ruled ineligible for New South Wales because he did not play junior football in the state before the age of 13. His decision to switch over to play for Australia drew plenty of criticism in the lead-up to the 2016 Anzac Test. On 6 May 2016, <mask> made his debut for Australia against New Zealand in the Anzac Test. He played on the wing and was sin-binned early into the match for a professional foul in the 16–0 win at Hunter Stadium. In June 2016, <mask> was charged with domestic violence which happened in 2014 and 2015 against his ex-partner and it was rumoured that he would not return to play for Parramatta.<mask> finished his highly published 2016 NRL season with him playing in 19 matches and scoring 12 tries for the Eels. On 24 September 2016, <mask> played in the Prime Minister's XIII team against Papua New Guinea, where he played on the wing and scored a try in the 58–0 win in Port Moresby. In October 2016, <mask> was overlooked from Mal Meninga’s 24-man Australia Kangaroos 2016 Four Nations squad due to him being on trial for domestic violence charges. 2017
In round 2, against the St George Illawarra Dragons, <mask> scored a career best four-tries in the 34–16 victory at WIN Stadium. <mask> was the first Parramatta player to score four tries in match since Jarryd Hayne during the 2006 NRL season. On 24 August, <mask> scored 4 tries in Parramatta's big win over Brisbane 52–34. The following week, <mask> scored a hat-trick in Parramatta's victory over Souths to seal a top four spot.In his final game for Parramatta, <mask> scored a 90-metre solo try in Parramatta's elimination final defeat by North Queensland. <mask> finished 2017 with 22 tries in 26 appearances. Rugby union

Toulon
In late 2016, it was widely rumoured – and later confirmed in January 2017 – that <mask> had signed a one-year deal for French Top 14 club Toulon. The move would not take place until after the 2017 NRL season. <mask> made his debut for Toulon in round 7 of the 2017–18 Top 14 season against Bordeaux. <mask> scored his first try for the club in the European Rugby Champions Cup with his first touch of the game and just 62 seconds into the match on 21 October 2017, against Italian club Benetton. This followed his Toulon debut a fortnight in advance.Bordeaux
On 2 February 2018, <mask> signed a two-year deal with Top 14 team Bordeaux. Bristol Bears
On 27 November 2019, <mask> joins Bristol Bears in the English Gallagher Premiership on a three-year contract from the 2020–21 season. Barbarians
<mask> was selected for the Barbarians to face England in May 2018. Scoring one try and winning the match by 18 points (45–63) at Twickenham Stadium, London, <mask> was named man of the match. Fiji
In May 2018, <mask> was named in coach John McKee's 2018 Pacific Nations Cup for Fiji. In the November 2018 internationals, he scored a try in Fiji's 21-14 win over France, the first time that Fiji had beaten France. Rugby sevens

Fiji
<mask> was named in the Fiji squad for the 2018 London Sevens tournament.<mask> scored three tries in total, winning the title and beating South Africa 21–17 at Twickenham Stadium, London. He made his Olympic debut representing Fiji at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was named in the Fiji squad for the men's rugby sevens tournament during the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was also subsequently part of the Fijian side which claimed the gold medal after defeating New Zealand 27 – 12 at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Personal life
<mask> is nicknamed "Semi Trailer". In early 2017, <mask> was charged with two counts of domestic violence-related common assault toward his ex-partner. In early May after these public revelations, the charges were dropped when in court it was revealed that his ex-partner was lying in an attempt to blackmail <mask>.In the aftermath of the charges being dropped, television personality Erin Molan was criticised by sections of the media for supposedly painting <mask> as being guilty and not giving the player the presumption of innocence when the allegations were first aired. Molan had publicly stated that <mask> deserved the presumption of innocence, and rather than being specifically about his case, her comments were about what the NRL's stance ought to be in the event of domestic violence being found proven against a player. <mask> is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and married his wife in the Suva Fiji Temple in 2017. References

External links

 Bordeaux profile
 Parramatta Eels profile
 NRL profile

1992 births
Living people
Fijian rugby league players
Fiji national rugby league team players
Australia national rugby league team players
NRL All Stars players
Parramatta Eels players
Wentworthville Magpies players
Rugby league wingers
Fijian expatriates in Australia
I-Taukei Fijian people
Sportspeople from Suva
Fiji international rugby union players
Barbarian F.C. players
Dual-code rugby internationals
Rugby sevens players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic rugby sevens players of Fiji
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Fiji
Olympic medalists in rugby sevens

masks:
Semi Radradra Turagasoli Waqavatu
Semi
Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
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Radradra
Radradra
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Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
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Radradra
Radradra
Radradra
Semi