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<mask> (March 2, 1922 – October 24, 2021) was an American editor, novelist, biographer and journalist, best known for his non-fiction work A Day in the Bleachers, a critically acclaimed eyewitness account of Game 1 of the 1954 World Series, centered on its pivotal play, Willie Mays' famous catch and throw. The author of several sports biographies, and frequent contributor to such publications as The New York Times, Sport, Sports Illustrated,  and TV Guide, <mask> was, in 1963, both a Hillman Prize  winner and NSSA's Magazine Sportswriter of the Year. He was also Baseball Reliquary's 2012 Hilda Award recipient and a 2016 inductee into its Shrine of the Eternals. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Manhattan on March 2, 1922. His father, <mask>, worked as a lawyer and was employed as a salesman during the Great Depression; his mother, Clara (Millhauser), was a housewife. Hano  spent his pre-school years in northern Manhattan's Washington Heights, in close proximity to both the Polo Grounds and Yankee Stadium. A Yankee fan at four, Hano responded to New York's 1926 World Series loss by switching his allegiance from the Yankees to the Giants, where it remained lifelong.That same year, his family moved from Manhattan to the Bronx, where it would remain for more than a decade, precisely the period which, by Hano's own reckoning, comprised his formative years. By age three, Hano had learned to read under the tutelage of his six-and-a-half-year-old brother, Alfred Jr. By the time he was eight, Hano was writing news stories for his brother's mimeographed weekly, The Montgomery Avenue News, albeit stories paraphrased from published newspaper articles. Before long, he grew tired of recycling other people's ideas. Once again, his brother encouraged him:

So I invented a cop who would always fall to his knees when he shot the bad guy and I called it Sitting Bull. It was my first pun. [...] I did about six or seven of these episodic things. I was eight years old, writing the equivalent of a novel for a street newspaper that we sold for a nickel a copy, door-to-door.The brothers' journalistic venture soon ran its course, and the writing muse receded, for the time being. <mask> attended DeWitt Clinton High School, graduating in 1937, and started that fall at Long Island University's Brooklyn campus. However, his initial plan to pursue a career in medicine soon fell by the wayside. One day I wandered into the newspaper office, and they were laughing. I didn’t know you were allowed to have fun. They were enjoying themselves, so I changed from a science major to an English journalism major in my sophomore year. I became the sports editor of the college weekly in my junior year, and senior year I was editor-in-chief with another guy.For a budding sportswriter, the timing proved particularly fortuitous when LIU's basketball team won the recently established National Invitational Tournament (NIT) in two of those three years. <mask> wrote later "I didn't know how or what – would it be a newspaper, or freelance, or a novelist, but I knew I'd write." Hano went on to earn his Bachelor's degree, graduating cum laude in 1941. Career
That summer, Hano was employed as a copy boy by the New York Daily News. Once his sports background was established, Hano's duties were expanded accordingly. Accompanying the News photographer to sporting events, he was now tasked with providing captions for those shots he brought back to the office, thus affording the nineteen-year-old undreamt of opportunities to chronicle baseball history. Hano wrote almost 70 years later:

I'm the luckiest fan in the history of the world.When I was a copy boy at the Daily News, I was sitting in the Ebbetts Field press box when that ball got away from Mickey Owen. Interrupted in these endeavors by the United States' entry into World War II, <mask> followed his brother into the armed forces in 1942 (Alfred, to the Air Force; <mask>, the Army), eventually serving in an artillery battalion of the Seventh Infantry Division, participating in the Aleutian Islands Campaign and later landing in the first wave on Kwajalein Atoll. Shortly after that battle, informed that his brother was missing in action on a mission over Germany, Hano successfully applied to be commissioned as an infantry officer at Fort Benning, thus allowing him to be deployed to the European Theater, where he hoped to find his brother. However, before this plan could be realized, the war ended and Alfred's remains were recovered. After his discharge, <mask> returned to New York and a career in book publishing, first as managing editor with Bantam (1947–49), then as editor-in-chief with Lion Books (1949–54). In the latter capacity, <mask> served as editor for, among others, novelists C. M. Kornbluth, David Goodis, David Karp and Jim Thompson. Thompson, in particular, would benefit from Hano's input and support, which sparked an unprecedented period of productivity.It was during this period, specifically August 1951, that <mask> debuted as an author with the baseball-themed young adult novel, The Big Out, described by The New York Times reviewer Ralph Adams Brown as "one of the most thrilling sports novels this reviewer has ever read." But it was 1954 that proved to be the turning point for Hano; he left Lion Books, determined to sink or swim on the strength of his writing. What gave rise to this sudden resolve was an across-the-board ten per cent pay cut imposed by Martin Goodman. But by far the most important event that year – or at least the most pertinent to Hano's emergence as a writer – was Game 1 of the 1954 World Series, Hano's handwritten record of which would form the basis for his breakthrough book, A Day in the Bleachers, published the following year. Notwithstanding poor marketing and disappointing sales, the book was embraced almost without exception by critics  and has since come to be regarded as a classic of sports literature, with new editions published in 1982, 2004, and again in 2006. Moreover, the book's signature passage, its description of Willie Mays' most famous play, has been, and continues to be, frequently cited, quoted, or reprinted in full. Buoyed by the book's enthusiastic reception, <mask> began to establish himself as a freelance writer, his work appearing in publications such as The Saturday Evening Post,  Esquire, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, TV Guide, Sport, Sports Illustrated, Seventeen, Good Housekeeping, Boys' Life, Argosy, Saga Magazine, and True's Baseball Yearbook.Willie Mays was also the subject of one of several sports biographies written by Hano during the nineteen sixties and seventies, the others being Sandy Koufax, Roberto Clemente, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Muhammad Ali. Moreover, Hano was a frequent contributor to Lion Books' annual paperback series, Baseball Stars of 19 _ _ (later published by Pyramid Books), providing forty of its chapter-long player profiles between 1958 and 1975. In addition, Hano wrote one book—Greatest Giants of Them All, published in 1967—composed entirely of such chapter-length biographies. Alongside this, Hano wrote at least three screenplay novelizations (see below under Books) based on Marriage Italian Style (1966), Bandolero! (1969) and Running Wild (1973). All were published by Popular Library under the Hano by-line. There may have been others written pseudonymously.On April 7, 1964, <mask> was named 1963's Magazine Sportswriter of the Year by the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association. Two weeks later, he received the 1963 Sidney Hillman Memorial Award in the category of magazine journalism (as selected by judges Alan Barth, William Shirer and Howard K. Smith), for "The Burned Out Americans", a muckraking study of conditions facing migratory farm workers in California's Central Valley. <mask> has also taught writing at the University of Southern California, Pitzer College, and the University of California, Irvine. Between 1989 and 1992, <mask> was a contributing editor at Orange Coast Magazine. In 2012, Hano became the 12th recipient of Baseball Reliquary's annual Hilda Award, established in 2001 "to recognize distinguished service to the game by a fan." Four years later, with his induction into the Shrine of the Eternals, Hano became the first person to be honored twice by the Baseball Reliquary. On July 19, 2015, The Huffington Post announced the upcoming release of Hano!A Century in the Bleachers (circa fall 2015 with a November 2015 DVD release), a documentary examination of <mask>'s life and work, produced and directed by Jon Leonoudakis. Among its interviewees are Hano and fellow sportswriters Ron Rapoport, Ray Robinson, John Schulian, Al Silverman and George Vecsey, plus artist Mark Ulriksen, and  former Major League stars (and subjects of multiple Hano magazine articles) Orlando Cepeda and Felipe Alou. Personal life
Hano had two children (Stephen A. and Susan C<mask>) by his first marriage, and a daughter, Laurel, by his second, the former Bonnie Abraham. Since September 1955, the Hanos had resided in Laguna Beach, the sole exception being a two-year Peace Corps stint spent in Costa Rica, starting in July 1991. Active in community affairs ever since their arrival, Hano was instrumental in writing and promoting a 1971 voter initiative establishing a 36-foot height limit on new buildings; with close to 62 percent of the city's registered voters participating, the measure was approved by a better than 3-to-1 margin. In 2013, <mask> and his wife were honored as Laguna Beach "Citizens of the Year" in the city's annual Patriot's Day Parade. <mask> died on October 24, 2021, at his home in Laguna Beach, California.He was 99 years old. Notes

References

Further reading

Articles

Written by Hano

 "Hanging Ten at Coronado". Boys' Life. July 1965. pp. 22–23. Whittaker, James (with Hano). "Fit to Climb a Mountain".Boys' Life. March 1966. pp. 34–35, 38–39. "Roberto Clemente: Baseball's Brightest Superstar". Boys' Life. March 1968. pp. 24–25 and 54."Scouting in Tahiti". Boys' Life. February 1969. pp. 34–37. "Model–A Explorers of Orinda". Boys' Life. October 1969. pp.32–33. "Who's No. 1? C-O-M-P-T-O-N!". Boys' Life. February 1970. pp. 26–27 and 57–58."Madrid: The City Simpatico". Boys' Life. January 1970. pp. 34, 75–76. "That's Our Good Boy Scout Talking". Scouting. February 1971. pp.33–35. "Why is Archie Bunker So Lovable". The Chicago Tribune. Sunday, March 12, 1972. Section 1A, pp. 1 and 6. "By the Light of the Midnight Sun".Boys' Life. February 1973. pp. 32–33, 70–73. "Bill McChesney: The Little Machine". Boys' Life. October 1976. pp. 26–29."Greg Louganis: Diving Sensation at 16". Boys' Life. August 1977. pp. 28–31. "The Magical World of Greg Wilson". Boys' Life. October 1978. pp.20–23. "Her First Name is Chief". Scouting. Volume 74, Number 1, January–February 1986. pp. 21–24. Cosby, Bill (with Hano). "High School Was a Load of Laughs".Boys' Life. December 1986. pp. 42–44. "Coasting: Exercising Restraint". Orange Coast Magazine. October 1989. pp. 158–160."In Retrospect: Serving Time in the Jury Box". Orange Coast Magazine. October 1990. pp. 192–195. "In Retrospect: Life with Alfie". Orange Coast Magazine. November 1990. pp.232–234. "In Retrospect: Over 26,000 Served". Orange Coast Magazine. December 1990. pp. 325–327. "A Love Affair With the Press". Orange Coast Magazine.February 1991. pp. 152–154. "In Retrospect: Jim Thompson Stories Don't Have Happy Endings". Orange Coast Magazine. March 1991. pp. 165–167. "In Retrospect: Three Score and Nine".Orange Coast Magazine. April 1991. pp. 150–151. "In Retrospect: Views From Abroad". Orange Coast Magazine. May 1991. pp. 165–167."OC Forum: O.C. Can You Say?". Orange Coast Magazine. July 1991. p. 8. "In Retrospect: Loose Ends". Orange Coast Magazine. August 1991. pp.142–143. "In Retrospect: Live From Costa Rica". Orange Coast Magazine. September 1991. pp. 149–151. "In Retrospect: Mi Familia". Orange Coast Magazine.November 1991. p. 157–158. "In Retrospect: Ya Voy Already". Orange Coast Magazine. March 1992. pp. 144–145, 147, 149. "In Retrospect: Juan Valdez Would Have Starved to Death". Orange Coast Magazine.May 1992. pp. 120–123 and 125. "In Retrospect: Much Ado About Nothing". Orange Coast Magazine. June 1992. pp. 152, 154–155. "The View From the Stands".Los Angeles Times. April 2, 2006. <mask>, Bonnie; <mask>, <mask>. "Our Raymond, Our Friend". RaymondLieberman@Blogspot.com. Wednesday, May 10, 2010. Written about <mask>
 McLellan, Dennis."Living On Peace Work : Laguna Beach Couple Join the Ranks of Corps' Older Recruits". Los Angeles Times. June 21, 1991. Vecsey, George. "Hazy Sunshine, Vivid Memory". The New York Times. September 29, 2004.Epting, Chris. "Back to the Bleachers," Pts. 1 and 2. Los Angeles Times. August 27, 2006. Waddles, Hank. "Bronx Banter Interview: <mask>, Part I".Alex Belth's Bronx Banter. September 25, 2009. Waddles, Hank. "Bronx Banter Interview: <mask>, Part II". Nolan, Michelle (2010). "<mask>'s Innovative 'The Big Out'". Ball Tales: A Study of Baseball, Basketball and Football Fiction of the 1930s through 1960s. . pp.50–53. .
 Henrikson, Maggi. "<mask> and his infectious zest for life". Laguna Life and People. February 3, 2015. Alderton, Bryce. "Man who covered the greats now in the spotlight". Laguna Beach Coast Pilot.September 17, 2015. by <mask>, novelization of the Western movie screenplay by James Lee Barrett, from a story by Stanley Hough (Popular Library, 1967)
 Running Wild by <mask>, novelization of the screenplay by Finley Hunt, Robert McCahon and Maurice Tomeragel from a story by McCahon (Popular Library, 1973)
 3 Steps to Hell by <mask>, omnibus edition reprint of three novels: So I'm a Heel, Flint, and The Big Out  (Stark House, 2012)

External links

 "10 Minutes with <mask>: Thoughts on the Baseball Reliquary" at Vimeo
 "'It Takes a Villager'; <mask> addressing the Laguna Beach Historical Society (Sep. 24, 2013)" at YouTube
 Trailer for "Hano! A Century in the Bleachers" at YouTube

1922 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American biographers
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American Jews
American book editors
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American freelance journalists
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United States Army non-commissioned officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
University of California, Irvine faculty
University of Southern California faculty
Writers from Manhattan

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<mask> (September 15, 1888 – August 28, 1958), sometimes known by the nickname "Chauncey", was a right-handed American baseball pitcher, manager, and scout, and a coach of both baseball and ice hockey. A native of Vermont, Dubuc played professional baseball for 17 years between 1908 and 1926, including nine seasons in Major League Baseball with the Cincinnati Reds (1908–1909), Detroit Tigers (1912–1916), Boston Red Sox (1918), and New York Giants (1919). During his major league career, he had an 85–76 win–loss record with a 3.04 earned run average (ERA). His best season was 1912 when he compiled a 17–10 record with a 2.77 ERA. Dubuc was an above average hitting pitcher in his major league career, posting a .230 batting average (150-for-652) with 57 runs, 23 doubles, 10 triples, 4 home runs, 58 RBI and drawing 30 bases on balls. He was used as a pinch hitter 109 times and also played five games in the outfield. During the investigation of the Black Sox Scandal, he was implicated for having "guilty knowledge" of the fix.He later served as the coach of the Brown University baseball team in the 1920s and worked as a scout for the Detroit Tigers in the late 1920s and 1930. He was responsible for signing Birdie Tebbetts and Hank Greenberg. Early years

<mask> was born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, in 1888. He attended Saint Michael's College in Vermont as a member of the high school class of 1906. While attending Saint Michael's, he played three sports, compiled a 23–1 record in two years as a pitcher for the baseball team, and threw a no-hitter against the University of Vermont baseball team in 1906. He was inducted into the Saint Michael's Athletics Hall of Fame in 2006. Notre Dame

Dubuc enrolled at the University of Notre Dame in the fall of 1906 and played both baseball and basketball for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.As a freshman in the spring of 1907, he compiled a 5–1 record as a pitcher. In his only loss in 1907, Dubuc threw a one-hitter and struck out 16 batters but Notre Dame lost to Minnesota, 2–1. In 1908, his record improved to 8–1, his only loss coming against the University of Vermont. On June 7, 1908, <mask> and the Notre Dame catcher, Ray Scanlan, appeared in a semipro baseball game for the "White Rocks" at Gunther Park in Chicago. Dubuc appeared under the name Williams, but he was recognized by fans present at the game. Despite the presence of the Notre Dame battery, the White Rocks lost by a 2–1 score. The Notre Dame athletic board of control charged <mask> and Scanlan with professionalism, and they denied having played in the game and requested time to gather evidence in their defense.<mask> was ultimately found to have appeared in the game, and his college eligibility was removed. Professional baseball player

Cincinnati Reds
Within days after losing his college eligibility, <mask> signed with the Cincinnati Reds. On June 25, 1908, <mask> made his major league debut for the Reds. He gave up five earned runs in  innings and, adding injury to insult, sustained a knee injury and had to be carried off the field. He returned to the mound as a relief pitcher two weeks later on July 12 and allowed only one hit in four innings. He also pitched a complete game shutout over the 1908 World Series champion Chicago Cubs team on September 7, 1908. In all, <mask> appeared in 15 games for the 1908 Reds, nine as a starter, and compiled a 5–6 record and a 2.74 ERA.He also traveled with the Reds to Cuba after the 1908 season and won three of four exhibitions games he started on that trip. In 1909, <mask> was slowed after contracting malaria. He appeared in 11 games for the 1909 Reds, two as a starter, and compiled a 2–5 record with a 3.66 ERA. Buffalo and Montreal
On November 3, 1909, the Reds sold <mask> to the Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League. He was then acquired by the Montreal Royals where he remained through the 1911 season. He compiled a 21–11 record with Montreal in 1911. Detroit Tigers
On September 1, 1911, after <mask>'s strong performance during the 1911 season, the Detroit Tigers selected <mask> in the Major League Baseball draft.<mask> signed with the Tigers in January 1912 after some wrangling over salary with Tigers owner Frank Navin. <mask> became part of the Tigers' starting rotation for five consecutive years from 1912 to 1916. In five seasons with Detroit, Dubuc was 72–60 with 90 complete games. In 1912, Dubuc appeared in 37 games, 26 as a starter, and compiled a 17–10 record with a 2.77 ERA and a .269 batting average. He ranked among the American League leaders with a .630 winning percentage (eighth), and 23 complete games (ninth). However, lack of control also placed him among the league leaders with 16 wild pitches (first) and 109 bases on balls (second). In 1913, he had another strong year, appearing in 36 games, 28 as a starter, and compiling a 15–14 record with a 2.89 ERA.He was arguably the best fielding pitcher in the American League in 1913 with a 4.56 range factor per nine innings pitched (best in the American League), 107 assists (second in the league among pitchers) and 16 putouts (third in the league). He also led the league for the second consecutive year in wild pitches with 13 and ranked fourth with 91 bases on balls. He remained with the Tigers for another three years, going 12–14 with a 3.46 ERA in 1914, 17–12 with a 3.21 ERA in 1915, and 10–10 with a 2.96 ERA in 1916. Salt Lake City
On January 16, 1917, the Tigers released <mask> to the Salt Lake City Bees of the Pacific Coast League. He compiled a 22–16 record a in 1917 and a 3.18 ERA in 42 games for Salt Lake in 1917. The following year, he went 9–9 with a 3.60 ERA in 19 games for Salt Lake. He also played in the outfield for Salt Lake in 1918 with a .303 batting average.Boston and New York
In late July 1918, he signed with the Boston Red Sox. He appeared in only two games for the Red Sox, compiling an 0–1 record with a 4.22 ERA. On April 7, 1919, the Red Sox returned Dubuc to Salt Lake. Two weeks later, on April 23, the New York Giants bought Dubuc from Salt Lake. He appeared in 36 games, 33 as a relief pitcher, for the 1919 Giants and compiled a 6–4 record with a career low 2.66 ERA. Despite the strong performance, Dubuc was released by John McGraw of the Giants after the 1919 season. McGraw later stated publicly that he released Dubuc because he "constantly associated" with Sleepy Bill Burns, a gambler who played with Dubuc on the 1912 Tigers and was a central figure in the Black Sox Scandal.Minor leagues
Although his major league career ended in 1919, <mask> continued to play in the minor leagues for the Toledo Mud Hens of the American Association in 1920 and the Syracuse Stars of the International League in 1922 and 1923. During the 1921 season, with his role in the Black Sox Scandal under review, Dubuc played semi-pro baseball in Montreal in the Atwater Twi-Light League and the Montreal City Baseball League. In 1924, <mask> organized an Ottawa baseball team, called the Ottawa Aces, as part of the Ontario–Quebec–Vermont League. He also served as the team's player-manager in the 1924 season. He compiled a 2-2 record and a .286 batting average for Ottawa in 1924. In 1925, he was hired as the manager of the Manchester, New Hampshire, team in the Boston Twilight League. <mask> was a player-manager for Manchester, making an occasional appearance as a pitcher.He remained as player-manager of the Manchester in 1926 as it transitioned into the New England League, which was revived for the 1926 season. At age 37, he appeared in 10 games as a pitcher and compiled a 2-2 record with a 2.00 ERA. He also batted .311 in 61 at bats. Chicago Black Sox Scandal
During the 1920 investigation into the Black Sox Scandal, evidence was discovered showing that Sleepy Bill Burns had advised Dubuc that the 1919 World Series had been fixed and that <mask> should, therefore, bet on the Cincinnati Reds. <mask> was neither a participant nor a conspirator in the scandal, but was pursued for his "guilty knowledge" of the fix. Sources are in conflict as to whether or not <mask> was banned from baseball as a result of the investigation. Coach and scout

In December 1926, Dubuc signed a three-year contract to coach the Brown University baseball team.During the 1927-1928 and 1928-1929 seasons, he also coached the Brown ice hockey team. From 1929 and into the 1930s, he also served as manager and president of a professional hockey team at Providence, Rhode Island, known as the Rhode Island Reds, as part of the Canadian–American Hockey League. Dubuc also scouted for the Detroit Tigers in the late 1920s and 1930s. As a scout, he signed catcher Birdie Tebbetts and first baseman Hank Greenberg. He also served as the manager of the New Bedford Whalers baseball team of the New England League during the 1936 season. Later years
After Dubuc left baseball, he worked for as a salesman for an ink company. He lived for the last five years of his life in Fort Myers, Florida.His wife died in 1956, and he died two years later at age 69 at a Fort Myers hospital. References

External links

1888 births
1958 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Boston Red Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Detroit Tigers coaches
Detroit Tigers players
New York Giants (NL) players
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People from St. Johnsbury, Vermont
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Jean Joseph Octave Dubuc
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<mask> (born 1934) is the Albert W. Smith Professor of Chemistry Emeritus and Research Professor of Chemistry at Dartmouth College. He received an A.B. degree (summa) from Amherst College in 1955 and a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Harvard University in 1959. At Harvard he worked with R. B. Woodward on deoxy sugars and a synthesis of the alkaloid yohimbine. Research and teaching
<mask> began his independent academic career at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, first as instructor (1958–60), and then as assistant professor (1960–65). In 1965 he joined the Department of Chemistry at Dartmouth College and became a full professor in 1969. He chaired the department from 1976 to 1979.In 1981, he was appointed the Albert W. Smith Professor of Chemistry. At Wisconsin, <mask> developed a career-long interest in highly strained molecules, short-lived species and concerted reactions. In the late 1960s he became intrigued with organofluorine chemistry, which has remained a major focus of his research. <mask> was an active participant of the Gordon Research Conferences. In 1970, he chaired the GRC conference on Hydrocarbon Chemistry, in 1971 the GRC on Heterocyclic Compounds; he was a member of the Board of Trustees (1973–79; chair, 1977–78). He co-chaired the international Winter Fluorine Conferences in 1987 and 1989, then in 1990 chaired the Fluorine Division of the American Chemical Society. From 1996 to 2004, he served on the Society's Committee on Science.In 2005, <mask> retired from teaching, and became a Research Professor of Chemistry, continuing work in organofluorine synthesis until 2016. During his career, <mask> mentored in research more than a hundred undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows, and taught chemistry courses for 50 years. Honors and awards
<mask> was awarded honors of a National Science Foundation Fellow (1955–58) and an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow (1968–70). In 1987, he received the Chemical Manufacturers Association Catalyst Award. In 1989, he was named the New Hampshire Professor of the Year by the Council for Advancement and Support of Education. He was awarded the Dartmouth President’s Award for Outstanding Leadership and Achievement (1991), and the Robert A. Fish Memorial Prize for outstanding contributions to undergraduate teaching (1996).He won the 2002 American Chemical Society Award for Creative Work in Fluorine Chemistry. In 2011, <mask> became a Fellow of the American Chemical Society. Selected research

Some Hydrocarbon-Fluorocarbon Contrasts
Having synthesized and studied hexamethylprismane in 1966, <mask>’s group was interested in how a prismane substituted with electron-acceptor instead of donor groups would differ in nature and reactivity. This led to vapor phase photolysis of perfluorohexamethylbenzene (1), which yielded not only the prismane (2), but the dewar benzene (3) and benzvalene (4) as well. An English group made the same discovery independently. These strained molecules were remarkably robust and thermally stable as compared with their rather fragile hydrocarbon counterparts, and that intriguing contrast led to further exploration of fluorocarbon chemistry. They later synthesized perfluorohexamethylbicyclopropenyl (5) to flesh out the first complete set of benzene valence isomers.This compound rearranges thermally to 1 with a half-life of ≥ 2 h at 360 °C, as compared with the parent hydrocarbon that polymerizes at -10 °C. <mask> coined the term "perfluoroalkyl effect" to represent the composite of stabilizing influences, thermodynamic and kinetic, that perfluoroalkyl groups confer upon highly strained carbon frameworks. The effect has proved to be general, but if fluoro instead of perfluoroalkyl groups decorate the carbon skeleton, behavior can be very different, as the following example reveals. Another case of contrasting chemistry emerged when <mask>’s group prepared perfluoroquadricyclane (6) by a photoreaction at -30 °C and allowed it to warm above 0 °C. Rearrangement to tricyclic isomer 7 occurred, and further warming to room temperature yielded perfluorotropilidene (8). The parent quadricyclane (9) rearranges instead to norbornadiene (10), under far more vigorous conditions. Keto-enol equilibria are affected dramatically by fluorine substitution.In sharp contrast to hydrocarbon-derived ketones, whose enol tautomers are generally present in only trace quantities at equilibrium, fluorinated ketones are sometimes far less stable than their enols. Keto-enol equilibria for cyclopentanone (11) and heptafluorocyclopentanone (12) are a case in point. Highly strained and highly reactive alkenes bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-1(4)-ene (13) and its perfluoro counterpart 14 provide another remarkable contrast in stability. Whereas 13 dimerizes and polymerizes at temperatures below  0 °C, 14 survives heating at 140 °C and does not form a dimer under any conditions. Cyclic Concerted Transformations
In 1966 <mask> and coworkers studied a class of reactions that would come to be called cheletropic, cyclic concerted processes in which two bonds are formed or broken at the same atom. Finding that they take place stereospecifically, the findings built on ideas of Woodward and Hoffmann to develop independently a theory of this class of transformations that explained the group's experimental results, shown here:

A decade later, when it was generally accepted that all cyclic, concerted processes (termed pericyclic) obey the Woodward-Hoffmann orbital symmetry rules (of which those for cheletropic reactions are a subset), <mask> and co-workers discovered an extraordinarily facile degenerate rearrangement that led them to challenge that belief. The S=O group in the molecule below moves stepwise around the 4-membered with an extrapolated rate constant of 70 million s−1 at 25 °C!Given the molecular geometry, the researchers surmised that this could happen only if the sulfur lone pair forms a new S-C bond as the electron pair of the breaking S-C bond becomes the new lone pair. Later shown to be incorrect, this idea nevertheless led to a key insight. <mask> and coworkers recognized that there are many cyclic concerted processes in which nonbonding and bonding electrons can interchange roles, processes that are not subject to the orbital symmetry rules. This led to a term pseudopericyclic. The idea is nicely illustrated by ester pyrolysis, which has been shown to proceed via a planar transition state:

At the carbonyl oxygen, a lone pair forms the bond to hydrogen, and the pi bond becomes the new lone pair. Because these orbitals lie in perpendicular planes and are thus orthogonal, there is effectively a "disconnection" in the cyclic orbital array that exempts the reaction from orbital symmetry constraints. Faith in the rules was such that the idea of pseudopericyclic reactions was ignored for almost 20 years, but then <mask> of Texas Tech took up the cause.In a long and continuing investigation that has combined experiment and computation to great effect, his group and later others have established that there are pseudopericyclic examples to be found in all of the classes of cyclic concerted processes. The "Wanzlick Equilibrium"
In 1960, Wanzlick reported that tetraaminoethylene 1 readily dissociates into diaminocarbene halves, and a long series of papers from his group followed, describing interesting reactions of 1 interpreted as arising from the carbene. Based on a crossover experiment, <mask> and coworkers showed in 1964 that 1 does not dissociate even under the most vigorous conditions Wanzlick had employed. The reaction chemistry was explained in terms of electrophilic attack on the tetraaminoethylene followed by scission of the central bond. Many years later, in 1991, Arduengo made the striking discovery that diaminocarbenes with the structure 2 are stable and do not dimerize. This led Denk in 1999 to repeat <mask>’s crossover experiment, to find crossover, and thus to conclude that Wanzlick was right about dissociation after all. <mask>’s group responded by repeating the work themselves, and showed that eliminating electrophilic catalysis precluded the occurrence of crossover, thus reaffirming the result <mask> had obtained 36 years earlier.By selecting a diaminocarbene structure intermediate in character between the Wanzlick and Arduengo carbenes, <mask>’s group found and studied a carbene-dimer pair that does exist in equilibrium. Here the dimer (3) lies about 5 kcal/mol below its "halves" (4) in free energy at 25 °C. Other Compounds from the Lemal Laboratory
Other contributions include the preparation and studies of a powerful carbon acid, tetrafluorocyclobutadiene, hexafluorobenzene oxide, a [2.2.2]propellene, tetrafluorothiophene dioxide, octafluorotricyclooctadiene, a highly reactive propellane, tetrafluorocyclopentadienone, octafluorocyclooctatetraene, a heptafluorotropylium salt, octafluorobarrelene , and a cyclobutadiene complex. References

1934 births
Dartmouth College faculty
21st-century American chemists
Living people
Fellows of the American Chemical Society
Harvard University alumni
Amherst College alumni

masks:
David Markham Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
David Birney
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal
Lemal


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<mask> OBE (born 1 July 1965) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and is a member of the British Rugby League Hall of Fame. At the time of his retirement he was the most-capped Great Britain player of all time along with Mick Sullivan, with 46 appearances. He also won three England caps. He won the 1990 Rugby League World Golden Boot Award as the greatest player on the planet, largely due to his exceptional performances in Great Britain's backs-against-the-wall Test-series win in New Zealand and his remarkable display as Great Britain beat Australia at Wembley 19–12. The award to <mask> was made retrospectively in 2011 by Rugby League World magazine. Club career

<mask> made his début for Hull as a 17 year old in 1983. <mask> played right-, in Hull FC's 13–2 victory over Castleford in the 1983 Yorkshire Cup Final at Elland Road, Leeds on Saturday 15 October 1983, picking up his first piece of silverware.More success came for Schofield the following season in 1984 when he scored 4-conversions and a drop goals in the 29–12 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers in the 1984 Yorkshire Cup Final at Boothferry Park, Hull on Saturday 27 October 1984. That season he went on to be the division's top try scorer. In 1985 Schofield played as a substitute replacing  Gary Kemble in Hull Kingston Rovers' 12–0 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1984–85 League Cup Final during the 1984–85 season at Boothferry Park on Saturday 26 January 1985. The same year, <mask> was an interchange/substitute in Hull FC's 24–28 defeat by Wigan in the 1985 Challenge Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 4 May 1985, in front of a crowd of 99,801, in what is regarded as the one of the greatest cup finals in living memory, which Hull narrowly lost after fighting back from 12–28 down at half-time. In 1986 Schofield played right- in the 24–31 defeat by Castleford in the 1986 Yorkshire Cup Final at Headingley, Leeds on Saturday 11 October 1986. Due to Hull's financial difficulties in the late 80s, they were forced to sell Schofield to Yorkshire rivals Leeds in 1987.Sydney
Moving to Sydney, <mask> spent the 1985, 1986 and 1987 NSWRL seasons with the Balmain Tigers club and gained the rare distinction for a British footballer of becoming the season's top try-scorer in 1986 (he crossed for 13 tries to finish equal with Manly-Warringah's Phil Blake). A year earlier, the Balmain Tigers won the National Panasonic Cup – <mask>'s only major winner's medal at club level (not including the 1988 Yorkshire County Cup which he won at Leeds). In his three seasons with Balmain, he scored 28 tries, nine goals and four drop-goals in just 45 appearances. He did not play in the 1988 Winfield Cup as he was touring with the Lions, but returned in 1989 to play for lowly Western Suburbs Magpies. Ellery Hanley, Schofield's international teammate who had led Balmain to the 1988 NSWRL Grand Final, recommended him to the club. <mask> scored five tries in eight starts for the club. In 2012, <mask> and Hanley were inducted into the Wests Tigers Hall of Fame.Leeds
Schofield moved from Hull to his home town club Leeds (Heritage No. 1183) in 1987 for what then was a world record fee of £155,000. In 1988 <mask> was named the costliest player in world rugby league. <mask> played right- and scored 2-tries, and a drop goal in Leeds' 33–12 victory over Castleford in the 1988 Yorkshire County Cup Final at Elland Road on Sunday 16 October 1988. <mask> played right- in Leeds' 14–15 defeat by St. Helens in the 1988–89 League Cup Final at Central Park on Saturday 9 January 1988. In 1991 <mask> won the Man of Steel Award for player of the season. He made over 250 appearances for Leeds, scoring 147 tries and 746 points.Huddersfield
Schofield finally left Leeds in 1996, joining Huddersfield for a six-figure sum. After helping Huddersfield into Super League, and went on to become player-coach but was dismissed after 13 games, having picked up two wins and only playing twice for the club. Doncaster and Bramley
After he was dismissed from Huddersfield, <mask> signed for Doncaster in 1999 where he made seven appearances before signing for Bramley the same season before retiring at the end of the season. International career

Great Britain
<mask> made his début for Great Britain in his first season in 1984 and went onto be selected as an to go on the 1984 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia at the age of just 18. Although Australia swept the Lions 3–0 in The Ashes series, Schofield won praise from the Aussie players, press and even the public for his clever play and electrifying running game. In 1985, <mask> re-wrote the record books by scoring four tries for Great Britain as they beat New Zealand in the second Test series at Central Park, Wigan. The series ended 1–1, with the third game drawn.He was selected to go on the 1988 Great Britain Lions tour. In 1990, as vice-captain, <mask> was outstanding in Great Britain's series triumph in New Zealand and then in the shock 19–12 victory over Australia in the first Ashes test at Wembley. <mask> experienced possibly his finest hour when captaining the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand with a magnificent 33–10 win over Australia in the second test at Princes Park in Melbourne, with Schofield a clear choice as man-of-the-match. But the Ashes were once again lost by two games to one. Due to an injury suffered by Hanley, <mask> captained the Lions in all 6 tests on the tour. Later that year <mask> retained the captaincy over Hanley for the World Cup Final against Australia played at Wembley Stadium (Hanley was the 1992 Lions tour captain but only played 15 minutes on tour due to injury). In front of an international rugby league world record crowd of 73,631 Australia prevailed over their British rivals, winning 10–6 thanks to a late Steve Renouf try.<mask> retaining the Lions captaincy for the World Cup Final would lead to personal animosity between himself and Hanley for a number of years. A year later, <mask> captained Great Britain to a superb 3–0 series whitewash over New Zealand before ending his Test career with two appearances in the 1994 Ashes series. With Hanley taking over from Mal Reilly as Great Britain coach in 1994, <mask> was controversially overlooked for selection for the first test at Wembley, won 8–4 by the Lions, but was selected to the bench for the final two tests. It was Schofield's enterprising play in the second test at Old Trafford, won 34–8 by Australia, that saw Britain temporarily come to life in the second half of the game. Surprisingly, Hanley then chose to play Wigan loose forward Phil Clarke at stand-off instead of prompting Schofield from the bench in the 3rd and deciding test at Elland Road and Australia went on to win the game (and thus the series) 23–4. The rumoured animosity between Hanley and <mask> was said to be behind Hanley's decision not to start his Leeds teammate in the test decider. England
Schofield controversially missed out on selection for England's 1995 World Cup squad.But he did enough in the Test arena to win the respect of the usually hard-to-please Australians. When asked in 2010 by Rugby League World who was the best British player he faced, the Australian legend Brett Kenny replied, "<mask> – he was a great player and a real thorn in the side of anyone he came across. He could score tries from nothing when he was a young centre and then he went on to become a very good stand-off and a very good leader." Coaching career

Huddersfield
After helping Huddersfield into Super League, <mask> took over the coaching reins but was dismissed after winning just two of his first 13 games. He later successfully sued the club for unfair dismissal. It took Huddersfield's next three coaches – Mal Reilly, John Kear and Tony Smith – more than 13 games to register two wins, with the club so far off the pace in their early Super League years. It was only after relegation and promotion under Smith that they became competitive.BARLA and South Africa
In 2010, <mask> coached the British Amateur Rugby League Association Young Lions (Under 19s) in May & June. He led the Lions to five wins from five and players such as Tom Spencer (Wigan), Daniel Rooney (Workington Town) and Alex Walmsley (Batley) have since graced the professional ranks. After being impressed by his coaching, he was invited to assist South Africa in 2010 and 2011. Barrow
In late 2010, <mask> was appointed to coach high-flying, big-spending Barrow in the Championship, although he was fired after only 5 games in 2011 after a personality clash with the club's chairman Des Johnston, who was later that year banned from the sport for eight years by the Rugby Football League. Honours

Hull
Yorkshire Cup:
Winners: 1983, 1984
Runner up: 1986

Challenge Cup:
Runner up: 1985

League Cup:
Runner up: 1985

Balmain
Amco Cup:
Winners: 1985

Leeds
Yorkshire Cup:
Winners: 1988

League Cup:
Runner up: 1988

Individual
Man of Steel: 1991
Golden Boot: 1990
Officer of the Order of the British Empire: 1994
Wests Tigers Hall of Fame: 2012
British Rugby League Hall of Fame: 2013

Arriva Yorkshire honoured 13 rugby league footballers on Thursday 20 August 2009, at a ceremony at Wheldon Road, the home of Castleford. A fleet of new buses were named after the 'Arriva Yorkshire Rugby League Dream Team'. Members of the public nominated the best ever rugby league footballers to have played in West Yorkshire, supported by local rugby league journalists; James Deighton from BBC Leeds, and Tim Butcher, managing director of League Publications Ltd, who publish League Express and Rugby League World.The 'Arriva Yorkshire Rugby League Dream Team' included <mask>. After playing
After retiring, Schofield became a media pundit and is well known for being controversial. He is a regular columnist for the weekly League Express newspaper as well as for the Sunday version of the national newspaper the Daily Star. Schofield is also a pundit for Talk Sport radio, and Proper Sport as well as appearing regularly on Premier Sports' 'Rugby League Back Chat'. <mask> released his autobiography, Tries the Limit in 2001. In 2013, he was named as the eighth best player worldwide to have played rugby league since 1980, in a book entitled 'Rugby League: A Critical History, 1980–2013' which was written by the League Express journalist Richard de la Riviere. References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Balmain Tigers players
Barrow Raiders coaches
Bramley RLFC players
Doncaster R.L.F.C.players
England national rugby league team captains
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league coaches
English rugby league players
Great Britain national rugby league team captains
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Huddersfield Giants coaches
Huddersfield Giants players
Hull F.C. players
Leeds Rhinos players
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Belle Isle, Leeds
Rugby league centres
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league players from Leeds
Western Suburbs Magpies players

masks:
Garry Edward Schofield
Schofield
Hull Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Garry Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
Schofield
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<mask> (born July 20, 1948) is an Israeli archaeologist and paleoanthropologist and Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Goren-Inbar excavated many important prehistoric sites in Israel including the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov. In 2014, she received the EMET Prize in Humanities and Judaism, and in 2016 was elected to the Israel Academy of Sciences. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Jerusalem in 1948 to Rachel and Yaakov Goren (author). After completing her military service, she began studying toward her first degree in archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she also earned her MA and PhD (1981). Goren-Inbar's PhD dissertation (supervised by Professor Ofer Bar-Yosef) was dedicated to the study of the lithic assemblage of the Acheulian site of ‘Ubeiydia. She completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of California, Berkeley under Professor Glynn Isaac.In 1984, Goren-Inbar began teaching at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She was appointed associate professor in 1992 and full professor in 1997. From 2002-2005, she served as the head of the university's Institute of Archaeology. Scientific contributions

Early in her career, Goren-Inbar participated in excavations at the Lower Paleolithic site of ‘Ubeiydia in the Jordan Valley (the oldest site in Israel), at prehistoric sites in the northern Sinai Desert, at Hayonim Cave in the Galilee, as well as in ethnographic surveys in the southern Sinai Peninsula. In the late 1970s, Goren-Inbar excavated the Acheulian site of HaLashon near Kibbutz Kfar Menahem. During 1981-1982, she excavated the Acheulian site of Berekhat Ram in the Northern Golan Heights. The archaeological layer of the site, discovered by D. Ben Ami, is stratified between two basalt flows.The lower flow is dated by the Argon/Argon method to 800,000 years before present. The upper flow, sealing the archaeological layer from above, is dated to 233,000 years before present, setting a minimum age for the layers. When excavating, Goren-Inbar exposed the Venus of Berekhat Ram, a tuff pebble figurine of a woman, considered the earliest symbolic representation (art) in human history. From 1982 to 1985, Goren-Inbar directed the excavation of the Middle Paleolithic site of Quneitra, located in the Northern Golan Heights near the Israeli-Syrian ceasefire line. Excavation at the site, dated to the final stage of the Middle Paleolithic, c. 55,000 before present, exposed a rich lithic assemblage accompanied by a wealth of animal bones including giant bovids. A notable find is a flint cobble on which a pattern of concentric circles was carved, one of the earliest and rarest examples for Middle Paleolithic art in the Levant. In 1989, Goren-Inbar initiated her excavation project at the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov (GBY), located on the banks of the Jordan River south of the Hula Valley.The site, excavated during seven seasons from 1989 to 1997, is dated to 780,000 years before present by the presence in its layer of the last paleo-magnetic reversal. The primary finds at GBY include a butchered, straight tusk elephant, indicating the early hominins’ ability to process large game. In addition, a minimum of seven fallow deer carcasses exposed in a single layer of GBY Area C evidence the large game hunting of numerous animals. The cut marks made on the bones by the flint knives of the site's butchers demonstrate that they used a butchering method similar to that of modern humans. A rich and unique assemblage of bifacial tools (handaxes and cleavers) suggest an African origin for the stone tool tradition of the site's knappers. The tools were shaped from basalt, flint, and limestone, evidence of the high cognitive abilities of the inhabitants of GBY. The site's findings also include the earliest evidence for systematic, controlled use of fire outside of Africa.The sediments of the site have been waterlogged since their accumulation, creating anaerobic conditions enabling the exceptional preservation of botanical remains, including pollen, seeds, fruits, and wood. Analysis of these remains led to a unique reconstruction of the nearly one million year-old environment on the banks of the Paleo-Hula Lake. Among the botanic remains are seven species of edible nuts. Excavation at GBY exposed pitted stones identified as pitted anvils or nutting stones, ancient nut crackers. This is the earliest evidence for a vegetarian component of the human diet. Goren-Inbar's excavation and research is published in hundreds of papers and in a series of books. She established the importance of GBY as a milestone in the study of human evolution during the Acheulian.Goren-Inbar's study of Early Paleolithic diet, migration out-of-Africa, lithic technology and tradition, and reconstruction of the paleoenvironment has placed her as a leading authority on early human behavior and evolution. Her primary contribution is in establishing the presence of sophisticated technology, modern behavior, and advanced cognitive abilities within the framework of the early Paleolithic, pushing the chronology of such phenomena hundreds of thousands of years back in time. Selected publications

Books in the Gesher Benot Ya’aqov Series
Goren-Inbar, N., Werker, E. & Feibel, C.S. 2002. The Acheulian Site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel Volume I: The Wood Assemblage. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Alperson-Afil, N. & Goren-Inbar, N. 2010.The Acheulian Site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov Vol. II: Ancient Flames and Controlled Use of Fire. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Dordrecht: Springer. Rabinovich, R., Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Kindler, L. & Goren-Inbar, N. 2012. The Acheulian Site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov Volume III: Mammalian Taphonomy. The Assemblages of Layers V-5 and V-6.Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Dordrecht: Springer. Goren-Inbar, N., Alperson-Afil, N., Sharon, G. & Herzlinger, G. 2018. The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov. Volume IV. The Lithic Assemblage. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series.Cham, Switzerland: Springer. Excavation reports

Bar-Yosef, O. & Goren-Inbar, N. 1993. The lithic assemblages of 'Ubeidiya: A lower Paleolithic site in the Jordan Valley. Qedem - Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology N. 34. Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Goren-Inbar, N. 1990.Quneitra: A Mousterian Site on the Golan Heights. Qedem - Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology N.31. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Edited books

Goren-Inbar, N. & Speth, J.D. (eds.) 2004. Human Paleoecology in the Levantine Corridor.Oxford: Oxbow Books. Goren-Inbar, N. & Sharon, G. (eds.) 2006. Axe Age: Acheulian Tool-making from Quarry to Discard. London: Equinox. Goren-Inbar, N. & Spiro, B.2011. Special Issue: Early-Middle Pleistocene palaeoenvironments in the Levant. Journal of Human Evolution 60. Selected papers

Alperson-Afil, N., Sharon, G., Kislev, M., Melamed, Y., Zohar, I., Ashkenazi, S., Rabinovich, R., Biton, R., Werker, E., Hartman, G., Feibel, C. & Goren-Inbar, N. 2009. Spatial organization of hominin activities at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel. Science 326: 1677-1680. Belitzky, S., Goren-Inbar, N. & Werkerz, E. 1991.Wooden plank with a Middle Pleistocene man-made polish. Journal of Human Evolution. Goren-Inbar, N. 2011. Culture and cognition in the Acheulian industry: A case study from Gesher Benot Yaʿaqov. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366: 1038-1049. Goren-Inbar, N., Alperson, N., Kislev, M.E., Simchoni, O., Melamed, Y., Ben-Nun, A. & Werker, E. 2004.Evidence of Hominin Control of Fire at Gesher Benot Ya`aqov, Israel. Science 304: 725-727. Goren-Inbar, N., Feibel, C.S., Verosub, K.L., Melamed, Y., Kislev, M.E., Tchernov, E. & SaragustI, I. 2000. Pleistocene milestones on the Out-of-Africa corridor at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel. Science 289: 944-947. Goren-Inbar, N., Lister, A., Werker, E. & Chech, M. 1994.A butchered elephant skull and associated artifacts from the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel. Paléorient 20: 99-112. Goren-Inbar, N. & Saragusti, I. 1996. An Acheulian biface assemblage from the site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel: Indications of African Affinities. Journal of Field Archaeology 23: 15-30. Goren-Inbar, N., Sharon, G., Melamed, Y.& Kislev, M. 2002. Nuts, nut cracking, and pitted stones at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99: 2455-60. References

External links
<mask> Goren-Inbar page at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Gesher Benot Ya’aqov web site
Springer Vol. IV of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov Monograph sub-Series
Making stone cleavers – film produced by <mask> Goren-Inbar

Israeli archaeologists
Living people
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty
Prehistorians
1948 births
Israeli women archaeologists

masks:
Naama Goren Inbar
Naama Goren Inbar
Naama
Naama


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<mask>v (, born July 18, 1989) is a Russian ice dancer. With partner Ekaterina Bobrova, he is the 2014 Olympic champion in the team event, the 2013 World bronze medalist, the 2013 European champion, the 2007 World Junior champion, and a six-time (2011–2014, 2016–2017) Russian national champion. They are also gold medalists at three Grand Prix events, the 2010 Cup of Russia, 2011 Cup of China, and the 2016 Rostelecom Cup. Personal life
<mask> was born 18 July 1989 in Moscow. In 2006, he married former single skater Ekaterina Lobanova, with whom he has a son, Alexander (born in 2010), but they are now divorced. In December 2021, Soloviev was attacked by three men while defending his girlfriend Anna Sidorova and friends from abusive comments. He was hospitalised with a head injury, which occurred when he was pushed into a door.Career

Early career
<mask> teamed up with Bobrova in 2000. Elena Kustarova and Svetlana Alexeeva were their coaches from the beginning of their partnership. At the 2007 World Junior Championships, Bobrova/Soloviev placed first in the compulsory dance, original dance, and free dance, and won the gold medal. 2007–08 to 2011–12
Bobrova/Soloviev competed at their first senior Worlds in 2008, where they placed 13th. The following season they were not selected for the event. During the 2009–10 season, Bobrova/Soloviev won the silver medal at 2010 Russian Nationals in December 2009, earning them their first berth to the European Championships in January 2010, where they placed 9th. They also qualified for the Olympics the following month where they finished in 15th.They also competed at their second World Championships and climbed to 8th in the rankings. During the 2010–11 season, Bobrova/Soloviev won their first medal on the senior Grand Prix series – a silver at Cup of China. At their next event, 2010 Cup of Russia, they won their first senior Grand Prix title. In doing so, they qualified for their first senior Grand Prix Final, where they finished fourth. At the 2011 Russian Championships, Bobrova/Soloviev finished first in both the short dance and the free dance to win their first national title. Following the event, they decided to drop their Delilah short dance in favor of a new one to Where I Want to Be which they debuted at the 2011 European Championships. They won their first medal at the event, silver.At the 2011 World Championships, they came in 6th. In 2011–12, Bobrova/Soloviev won the gold medal at their first Grand Prix event of the season, 2011 Cup of China, with a score of 163.52 after placing first in both the short dance and in the free dance. They took the bronze medal at their next event, 2011 Cup of Russia, and then finished sixth at the Grand Prix Final. They repeated as Russian national champions and European silver medalists. Bobrova/Soloviev finished 7th at the 2012 World Championships. 2012–13 season
On 25 April 2012, Bobrova/Soloviev changed coaches to Alexander Zhulin and Oleg Volkov. They said they were learning a different technique, as well as changing their style.In their 2012–13 free dance, <mask> plays the insane lover of Bobrova who herself begins to slip into insanity as he starts to recover. On the short dance, Soloviev said: "The story is that we are at a ball. In the beginning, we meet and have a dance together. The first part, the polka, is very playful, but when the music changes into the waltz, that's when we fall in love with each other and it's getting more serious. In the end, we realize that we can't be together because I'm too old and she is a young girl." Bobrova/Soloviev started the 2012–13 season with gold at the 2012 Finlandia Trophy. Winning silver at both of their Grand Prix assignments, the 2012 Skate America and 2012 Cup of China, they qualified for the 2012 Grand Prix Final in Sochi, Russia.After a fall from Soloviev in their free dance, they finished 5th overall behind Italian ice dancers Anna Cappellini / Luca Lanotte. At the 2013 Russian Championships, they won their third national title. Bobrova/Soloviev won the gold medal in their fourth appearance at the European Championships, narrowly edging out their teammates Elena Ilinykh / Nikita Katsalapov. They stepped onto the World podium for the first time at the 2013 World Championships in London, Ontario where they won the bronze medal. Named in the Russian team to the 2013 World Team Trophy, they withdrew after Soloviev aggravated a groin injury on 1 April and was told to rest for at least ten days. 2013–14 season
Competing on the 2013–14 ISU Grand Prix series, Bobrova/Soloviev won silver at the 2013 Cup of China and gold at the 2013 Rostelecom Cup before finishing fourth at the 2013 Grand Prix Final, behind Nathalie Pechalat / Fabian Bourzat. They won their fourth consecutive national title at the 2014 Russian Championships.Feeling their free dance was not working, they decided to return to the one from the previous season. In February 2014, Bobrova/Soloviev competed at the Winter Olympics in Sochi. In the team event, they placed third in their assigned segment, the short dance, and Russia went on to win the gold medal. Bobrova/Soloviev ranked fifth in the separate ice dancing event. A month later, they traveled to Saitama, Japan for the 2014 World Championships. On 28 March, Soloviev sustained a groin injury during the morning practice before the short dance, causing them to withdraw. He returned to the ice cautiously in the second week of April.2014–15 season
For the 2014–15 Grand Prix season, Bobrova/Soloviev were assigned to the 2014 Skate America and 2014 Trophee Eric Bompard. As a result of Soloviev's knee surgery, they withdrew from both events and decided to sit out the remainder of the season to allow him to recover fully. 2015–16 season
During the 2015–16 Grand Prix series, Bobrova/Soloviev won the bronze medal at the 2015 Skate Canada International and then silver at the 2015 NHK Trophy. These placements gave them the last spot at the final, ahead of compatriots Victoria Sinitsina / Nikita Katsalapov. They finished 5th at the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final in Barcelona, Spain. In late December, Bobrova/Soloviev were awarded their fifth national title at the 2016 Russian Championships held in Yekaterinburg. On January 27–30, Bobrova/Soloviev won the bronze medal at the 2016 European Championships with a personal best overall score of 176.50 points.On 7 March 2016, Bobrova announced that she had tested positive for meldonium. Expressing "shock" about the test result, she stated that she had been aware of meldonium's addition to the banned list (on 1 January 2016) and had been careful to avoid products containing banned substances. 2016–17 season
Bobrova/Soloviev started their season by winning the gold medal at the 2016 CS Ondrej Nepela Memorial. Competing on the Grand Prix series, they won two medals, first the bronze medal at the 2016 Skate America and then the gold medal at the 2017 Rostelecom Cup. These results qualified them to the 2016–17 Grand Prix Final where they placed 4th after placing 5th in the short dance and 4th in the free dance. in December 2016 they won the gold medal at the 2017 Russian Championships. A month later they won the bronze medal at the 2017 European Championships after winning the short dance and placing 3rd in the free dance.They later competed at the 2017 World Championships where they placed 5th and at the 2017 World Team Trophy where their team won the silver medal. 2017–18 season
Ekaterina Bobrova and <mask> Soloviev are at a point in their career where retirement is on the horizon. An Olympic season is special for all skaters, but it is even more special if it might be the last competitive season. Again Bobrova/Soloviev started their season by winning the gold medal at the CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy. This was their 2nd consecutive victory at the Ondrej Nepela Trophy. Competing on the Grand Prix series, they won two medals, first the silver medal at the 2017 Rostelecom Cup and then the bronze medal at the 2017 Cup of China. In December 2017 they first won the gold medal the 2017 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb and then they won another gold medal at the 2018 Russian Championships.This was the 7th time that they had won the gold medal at the Russian Championships. A month later they won the silver medal at the 2018 European Championships after placing 4th in the short dance and 2nd in the free dance. At the 2018 Europeans they scored their personal best score of 187.13 points. In February 2018 Bobrova/Soloviev placed 5th at the 2018 Winter Olympics after placing 6th in the short dance and 4th in the free dance. A week earlier they had won the olympic silver medal at the team event of the 2018 Winter Olympics. They later withdrew from the 2018 World Championships. Programs

(with Bobrova)

Competitive highlights

(with Bobrova)

Detailed results
Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships.At team events, medals awarded for team results only. References

External links

Official website

Russian male ice dancers
Figure skaters from Moscow
Living people
1989 births
Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of Russia
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in figure skating
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic silver medalists for Olympic Athletes from Russia
Competitors at the 2009 Winter Universiade

masks:
Dmitri Vladimirovich Solovie
Dmitri Vladimirovich Soloviev
Soloviev
Soloviev
Dmitri


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<mask> (1905 – 26 March 1969) was an Italian diplomat. After graduating in law in Rome, Mizzan started his career at the Farnesina. He was sent as consul to  Rio and Annaba, and acted as a diplomat in the Italian Embassies in Bucharest, Brussels, Berlin and Paris. In the middle of 1946 he was sent to China, where he was initially appointed consul of Hankou. Mizzan lived firsthand the advent of Communism in China, where he remained, as first secretary of the Italian embassy and the de facto leader of diplomatic relations, after the Italian ambassador fled to Italy in 1950. He played an important role in the bilateral relations between China and Italy. In 1951, fearing political repercussions for Italy and for the lives of the Italian diplomats in China, who were still stationed in Nanjing, China's former capital and the claimed capital of the Republic of China, he advised Italy to make a firm choice, either formally recognizing China, and thence moving him to Beijing, China's new capital, or breaking all relationships and moving all diplomats out.Italy chose to dismantle the embassy and <mask> left for Hong Kong at the end of 1951. He then became the second Italian Ambassador to Thailand (1959-1965) and the ninth Italian Ambassador to Pakistan (1966-1969). Biography
<mask> was born in Trieste, now Italy, at the time under Austro-Hungarian rule, into an Italian family originally from Pisino, Istria. After graduating from the University of Rome, he pursued his studies abroad, and in 1932 started his career as a diplomat. He was employed for short periods of time at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Rome, where he was later employed to solve the problems relating to the Julian March. Mizzan was sent as consul to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and later became Italian consul in Annaba, Algeria. He then worked as a diplomat at the Italian Embassies in Bucharest, Brussels, Berlin and Paris.In the middle of 1946 he was sent to China, and was appointed consul of Hankou. Mizzan arrived in China at 41, and went on to become the first secretary of the Italian Embassy in Nanjing. In China Mizzan lived firsthand the advent of Communism. Mizzan was the "highest Italian functionary in China among those who, among thousands difficulties, resisted and held their place after the outbreak of the war in Korea, albeit without recognition from Beijing." Mizzan found himself in the lead of the diplomatic relations between Italy and China after the Italian ambassador fled to Italy in 1950. He and the other functionaries weren't recognized and weren't given privileged status by the Chinese authorities, who considered them simply foreign citizens. Neither the functionaries nor their belongings nor the embassy buildings were given the privileged status normally acknowledged to diplomats.After the outbreak of the war in Korea, tension arose. The position of Mizzan and the other diplomats became uncomfortable, and the Italian state, after Mizzan's advice and the following consultation of former Italian ambassadors and scholars, decided to proceed with the burning of the archives containing political correspondence in Shanghai. As reported in a telegram sent by Mizzan to Rome in October 1950, the absence of immunity might've put him and his colleagues in an uncomfortable position, should they be caught unawares. The archives included correspondence from 1929 to 1943, and older one, and constituted "a cumbersome reminder of the past." In January Mizzan wrote a laconic message in English, entrusting it to the British, since they were the only ones to have a radio to communicate out of China. In February 1951 he reported from Nanjing that in the absence of formal Italian recognition of Communist China, his permanence in China's old capital, or the claimed capital of the Republic of China, might create inconveniences of political nature, beside putting his and the other diplomats' lives at risk. He advised Palazzo Chigi to be strong and make a choice, either proceeding with the formal recognition, thus moving him to Beijing, the new capital, or breaking all relationships with China, moving all diplomats out.As Italy wavered over the decision, Mizzan telegraphed that the communist police was restricting ever more his activity and movements. Italy initially leaned towards recognition, led by Sforza, who was sentimentally bond to China. In February, Rome prepared a telegram in which Carlo Sforza recognized China, and expressed his willingness to establish diplomatic relations, asking Zhou Enlai to turn to Mizzan as head of diplomatic relations ad interim. However, as McCarthy made his speech in February 1950, it emerged that the United Kingdom, and later the Netherlands, didn't gain much from recognizing China, and the United States, after initially showing support, advised Italy that recognizing China wasn't a good idea, Italy chose to avoid recognition, and finally proceeded with the closure of the office. Mizzan barely managed to obtain a visa out of China, while Italy telegraphed that the archives should be sent to Shanghai, when possible, or otherwise burned. In December 1951 he finally reached Hong Kong. Mizzan is credited with playing an important role in the history of bilateral relations between China and Italy.He then became Counsellor of the Italian Embassy in New Delhi. On 24 February 1959 he became Ambassador of Italy to Thailand, holding this post until August 1965. Mizzan left Bangkok on 21 August 1965. He was then named Ambassador of Italy to Pakistan, while the latter was under the rule of Field Marshal Ayub Khan. He was received in Karachi by the Pakistani authorities. He held this post until his death, on 26 March 1969. <mask> was made a Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic by the Italian State on 2 June 1965.See also
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)
 Foreign relations of Italy

References

1905 births
1969 deaths
People from Trieste
Grand Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Ambassadors of Italy to Thailand
Ambassadors of Italy to Pakistan
Italian diplomats
20th-century diplomats

masks:
Ezio Mizzan
Mizzan
Mizzan
Mizzan


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<mask> (born September 27, 1983) is a former professional Canadian football quarterback. <mask> played ten seasons for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 2009 to 2018. In his first season as a full-time starter, <mask> won the CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award in 2011 and was named the Most Valuable Player of the 2011 Grey Cup. He played college football at Montana State. Prior to joining the Lions <mask> was a member of the Seattle Seahawks, Berlin Thunder and New Orleans Saints. College career
<mask> led Montana State in rushing his senior year with 611 yards. He left with school records for career passing yards (10,746-11th in NCAA Division I-AA history), single-season total offense, and total offense in a career, and in his four years led the Bobcats to three victories over their state rivals, the University of Montana Grizzlies.In 2005, while playing at Montana State University – Bozeman he completed 223 passes in 388 attempts for 2,629 yards. His passing percentage was 57.5%. He threw for 17 passing TD's and 10 INT's. His quarterback rating was 123.7. He graduated with a GPA of 3.91. Statistics

Professional career
At the NFL Combine in 2006, <mask> came in first in the short shuttle drill and ranked among the top three quarterbacks in the three cone, broad jump and vertical jump. Seattle Seahawks
After going undrafted, <mask> signed with the Seattle Seahawks on May 1, 2006, but was released during final cuts in September.He was re-signed by the Seahawks on January 4, 2007, and was assigned to the Berlin Thunder of NFL Europa. He was waived on April 8, 2008. New Orleans Saints
On May 14, 2008, <mask> signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was waived on July 18. Seattle Seahawks (II)
On October 10, 2008, the Seattle Seahawks re-signed <mask> to their practice squad. He was released again on December 3, 2008. BC Lions

<mask> signed with the BC Lions on May 20, 2009, and impressed the coaching staff enough in training camp to insert him in the second pre-season game for three series, where he completed 8 of 10 passes for 140 yards with one touchdown and one interception.He saw limited action in the regular season as the Lions used a total of five different quarterbacks due to injuries. In 2010, <mask> made his first professional start in the fourth game of the season against Toronto following injuries to starter Casey Printers and was expected to lead the Lions until Printers was ready to make his return to the lineup. However, <mask> was replaced by Jarious Jackson during the fourth quarter of the August 7th game against Calgary and also started the following game against Saskatchewan. Printers returned for the next game and won three out of the five games he started, but due to his turnover-filled back-to-back performances, he was replaced with <mask> as the starter in Game 13 against Winnipeg, which the Lions won. After <mask> had a minor injury in the following game, again against Winnipeg, Printers came into the game to protect a 21-point lead. The Blue Bombers stormed back to tie the game and force overtime, which was decided by Printers' game-clinching interception. It was Casey's last game with the Lions as Buono released him soon after the game.Consequently, <mask> became the undisputed starting quarterback, finishing the season 4–5 as a starter. The Lions got off to a slow start, losing their first five games of the season and falling into last place in the league. The Lions stopped their five-game losing skid in week 6, defeating the Saskatchewan Roughriders, 24–11. In the following game against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers <mask> struggled and was replaced in the third quarter by Jarious Jackson. Following the loss to the Bombers, the Lions then went on to win eight games in a row, as not only <mask> but the team as a whole played much better football. <mask> earned CFL Offensive Player of the Week Honours during weeks 10 and 18 and earned CFL Offensive Player of the Month for October. The Lions won the final two games of the regular season to finish with a record of 11–7, but more importantly they earned 1st place in the Western Conference.<mask> was named the 2011 CFL's Most Outstanding Player. In the Western Conference Finals game, <mask> threw for almost 300 yards as the Lions disposed of the Edmonton Eskimos and advanced to the Grey Cup Final which was held in BC Place. On November 28, 2011, <mask> and the BC Lions defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in front of over 50,000 fans. <mask> threw for 320 yards and two touchdowns and was named the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player. In 2012, <mask> had another strong season, leading the Lions to another first-place finish and a berth in the West Final. Despite playing in just 16 games, he set career highs for completions, completion percentage and passer rating. <mask> also spent much of the season chasing history, as he was approaching the record for most consecutive games played with at least one touchdown pass.In the 15th game of the season, he extended the streak to 26 games, but injured his shoulder and did not play in the next game. Because he dressed in the game, by CFL rules, the streak ended. However, the CFL amended the rules and declared the streak intact since he did not play in the next two games. <mask> played in the last game of the season, but only for 18 minutes, and did not throw for a touchdown, ending his streak at 26 games, second only to Sam Etcheverry's 34. <mask> was named the CFL's offensive player of the week for week 12 and the offensive player of the month for September. For the second consecutive season, he was the Lions' nominee for the CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award. The Lions' hopes of repeating as Grey Cup champions ended in the West Final where they lost to the Calgary Stampeders.<mask> completed 33 of 46 passes for 274 yards and one touchdown, but it was not enough as the Lions lost, 34–29. In January 2013, it was reported that <mask> signed a two-year contract extension worth a reported $450,000 per season. In Week 12 of the 2013 regular season <mask> suffered an injury to his throwing shoulder when he impacted Alouettes defensive back Geoff Tisdale on a 19-yard rushing touchdown. The touchdown put the Lions up 29–7 with less than 9 minutes in the fourth quarter. The Lions ultimately won the game and opened the season with a record of 7–4. <mask> missed the next six games for the Lions; in that span they went 3–3. He returned to action in the last regular season game of 2013, but he only played for a limited amount of time, attempting only 4 passes, completing 3 of them for 54 yards.The Lions qualified for the playoffs as the 3rd seed in the West Division with a record of 11–7. <mask> started the playoff game against the Roughriders. He completed 20 of 26 pass attempts for 211 yards with no touchdowns or interceptions. He also ran the ball 5 times for 60 yards. Nonetheless, the Lions were defeated by Saskatchewan 29–25, thus ending their 2013 season. In November 2013 <mask> underwent shoulder surgery to repair the damage done from his September injury. <mask> missed the first half of the 2014 CFL season while he rehabilitated his throwing shoulder.During that time Kevin Glenn led the Lions to a record of 5–4. After playing briefly in Week 9, <mask> returned to start for BC in Week 11, following their first bye week. <mask> completed 18 of 27 passes for 167 yards in a game dominated by the defense, but left with just under a minute to go in regular, his shoulder causing him extreme discomfort, 357 days since his last start. <mask> would not return to the field for the remainder of the 2014 season. <mask> was again injured in Week 11 of the 2015 CFL season; suffering a torn MCL in the game against the Montreal Alouettes. Due to the emergence of rookie quarterback Jonathon Jennings during his absence, <mask> became the backup quarterback when he returned from injury. On February 8, 2016, <mask> resigned with the Lions on a two-year contract.<mask> spent the 2016 CFL season as the Lions' backup quarterback, behind Jennings. On July 15, 2017, during a Week 4 match against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, <mask> set a new CFL record for most passing yards when coming off the bench. He threw 436 passing yards (a career-high) after replacing Jennings who left the game due to injury, helping the Lions win the game 41–26. <mask> started the next three games for the Lions, winning two of them, before a suffering a minor shoulder injury, which coincided with Jonathon Jennings' return to health in Week 8. Nevertheless, Jennings struggled in the next three games, resulting in <mask> being forced into action in all three matches (all of which were losses). With <mask> having greatly outplayed Jennings head coach Wally Buono announced <mask> as the starter for the team's Week 12 match against Montreal. However, <mask> suffered a non-contact injury to his knee early in the game and did not return.On September 12, 2017, the Lions announced that <mask> would miss the remainder of the season with a torn ACL, which required surgery and minor damage to his MCL, which did not require surgery. On February 12, 2018, one day before the start of free agency, <mask> and the Lions agreed to a one-year contract extension. On July 13, 2018, the Lions announced that <mask> would be the team's starting quarterback in their Week 5 match against the Blue Bombers. Incumbent starting quarterback Jonathon Jennings, who struggled in 2017, continued his poor play into the early weeks of the 2018 season. <mask> started and finished the following six games for the Lions, winning twice. He suffered a concussion in Week 13 against the Redblacks. Then the following week was knocked out of the contest in the first quarter after suffering a separated shoulder.In the days following the Lions announced they expected <mask> to miss four to six weeks recovering. The Lions revealed that <mask> would return from injury in time for the team's Week 18 match against the Calgary Stampeders. In the off-season the Lions brought in All-Star Mike Reilly to be the starting quarterback. As a free agent <mask> received multiple offers from other teams looking to sign him to a contract, however on February 28, 2019, he ultimately decided it was time to retire from professional sports. Career statistics

References

External links

 <mask> at BC Lions
 <mask> at Canadian Football League

1983 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
American players of Canadian football
Berlin Thunder players
BC Lions players
Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Player Award winners
Canadian football quarterbacks
Montana State Bobcats football players
New Orleans Saints players
People from Marion County, Oregon
Seattle Seahawks players

masks:
Travis Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Travis Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Lulay
Travis Lulay
Travis Lulay


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<mask> (, ; 8 April 1929 – 9 October 1978) was a Belgian singer, songwriter, actor and director who composed and performed literate, thoughtful, and theatrical songs that generated a large, devoted following—initially in Belgium and France, later throughout the world. He is considered a master of the modern chanson. Although he recorded most of his songs in French and occasionally in Dutch, he became an influence on English-speaking songwriters and performers, such as Scott Walker, David Bowie, Alex Harvey, Marc Almond, Neil Hannon, and Rod McKuen. English translations of his songs were recorded by many performers, including Bowie, Walker, Ray Charles, Judy Collins, John Denver, The Kingston Trio, Nina Simone, Shirley Bassey, James Dean Bradfield, Frank Sinatra, and Andy Williams. <mask> was a successful actor, appearing in 10 films. He directed two films, one of which, Le Far West, was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973. Having sold over 25 million records worldwide, <mask> is the third best-selling Belgian recording artist of all time.<mask> married Thérèse "Miche" Michielsen in 1950, and the couple had three children. He also had a romantic relationship with actress and dancer Maddly Bamy from 1972 until his death in 1978. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on 8 April 1929 in Schaerbeek, Brussels, to Élisabeth "Lisette" (née Lambertine) and Romain <mask>. He came from a family of Flemish descent (who had adopted the French language); part of his family originated in Zandvoorde, near Ypres. His father worked for Cominex, an import–export firm, and later became co-director of a company that manufactured cardboard. <mask> and his older brother Pierre grew up in an austere household, and attended a Catholic primary school, École Saint-Viateur, run by the order of Saint Viator. Remembered as a courteous and manageable pupil, Brel did well in reading and writing, but struggled through arithmetic and Dutch.The boys were also members of the local Boy Scout troop, and enjoyed their time at summer camp and on family outings to the North Sea coast. In Brussels, the family lived at 138 Avenue du Diamant in Schaerbeek, then moved to 26 Boulevard Belgica in Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, and finally settled at 7 Rue Jacques-Manne in Anderlecht. <mask> was close to his mother, fascinated by her generosity and sense of humour, which he inherited. In September 1941, his parents enrolled <mask> at the Institut Saint-Louis at rue du Marais near the Botanical Garden of Brussels. Although he did poorly in many subjects, he did well in History and French, and showed a talent for writing. He helped set up the school's drama club, taking on his first stage roles with great enthusiasm. He wrote short stories, poems, and essays.In 1944, at the age of 15, <mask> began playing the guitar. The following year he formed his own theatre group with friends and began writing plays. In the spring of 1947, during his final year at Saint-Louis, <mask> wrote a short story titled "Frédéric" for a school magazine Le Grand Feu ("The Great Fire"). Published pseudonymously, the story is about a man on his deathbed who encourages his grandson to run away while the rest of the family makes arrangements for his funeral. Despite his growing talent for writing, <mask> was not a good student, and failed many of his exams. With an academic career not in his future, the 18-year-old <mask> went to work at his father's cardboard factory in August 1947. His job at Vanneste and Brel was predictable and uninspiring—a routine that involved fixing prices and meeting customers.Apart from joining the company football team, he showed little interest in the company's social activities and events. Perhaps to offset the boredom of his daily office routine, he joined a local Catholic youth organisation, La Franche Cordée (FC), which had as its motto, "More is within you." Dedicated to philanthropic work, the group organised religious retreats, fundraising events, and food and clothing deliveries to orphanages and old people's homes. <mask> supported these activities with great enthusiasm and believed strongly in FC's mission. His parents were pleased with their son's dedication, and provided him with the company van and family car to support his FC activities. In June 1948, <mask> enlisted for military service, did his basic training in Limbourg, and served as a corporal in the Belgian air force stationed at Groenveld barracks in Zellik near Brussels. Throughout his military service, Brel was still able to attend FC meetings.While working at FC, <mask> met his future wife, Thérèse Michielsen, known to her friends as "Miche". On 1 June 1950, <mask> and Miche were married at Laeken, a suburb of the City of Brussels. On 6 December 1951, Miche gave birth to their first daughter, Chantal. In 1952 <mask> began writing songs and performing them at family gatherings and on Brussels' cabaret circuit. His family and friends were not supportive of his stark lyrics and violent, emotional performances. That year he performed on a local radio station for the first time. Music career

1953–1959
In January 1953, <mask> performed at the cabaret La Rose Noire in Brussels.In February he signed a contract with Philips Records and recorded his first 78 rpm record, "Il Y A", which was released in March. The talent scout and artistic director at the record company, <mask>, invited him to move to Paris. Despite his family's objections and the added pressure of raising a second daughter, France, born on 12 July, he left Brussels for Paris in the autumn of 1953. In Paris <mask> worked hard to get his career off the ground. He stayed at the Hotel Stevens and gave guitar lessons to artist-dancer Francesco Frediani to pay his rent. He found work on the cabaret circuit at venues such as L'Écluse, L'Échelle de Jacob, and in <mask>'s cabaret Les Trois Baudets. In 1954 <mask> participated in the music contest Grand Prix de la Chanson in Knokke-le-Zoute, finishing a disappointing 27th out of 28 participants.One positive result of the experience was that the French star Juliette Gréco requested to sing one of <mask>'s songs, "Le diable (Ça va)" (The devil (It's OK)), at her up-and-coming concert at the prestigious Olympia music-hall. She went on to record the song that spring. In July 1954, <mask> made his first appearance at the prestigious Olympia Theatre in Paris. Later that summer, he embarked on his first French tour, appearing on the bill with French singers Dario Moreno, Philippe Clay, and Catherine Sauvage. By the end of the year, Philips released his debut album, a nine-song, 10-inch LP called <mask> Brel et ses Chansons ("Jacques Brel and His Songs"). In February 1955, <mask> met Georges "Jojo" Pasquier, who would become the singer's closest friend, manager, and personal chauffeur. He began singing with a number of Christian associations, which later led to his nickname of Abbé ("Abbot") Brel.In March <mask>'s wife and children joined him in France and the family settled in the Paris suburb of Montreuil-sous-Bois at the rue du Moulin à vent. In June he toured France again with Canetti's show Les Filles de Papa, which included Françoise Dorin, Perrette Souplex, and Suzanne Gabriello. In March 1956, <mask> performed in North Africa, Amsterdam, Lausanne, and throughout Belgium. In July, while visiting Grenoble, he met François Rauber, a classical pianist who would become his accompanist on future recordings. Rauber played a major role in providing <mask> with the formal musical training he was lacking and was responsible for <mask>'s musical arrangements. In September <mask> recorded "Quand on n'a que l'amour" ("When You Only Have Love"), which would prove to be his commercial breakthrough. The song was released in November on a Philips 7-inch EP Quand on n'a que l'amour.The song reached number three on the French music charts. In February 1957, <mask> performed at the Alhambra Theatre with Maurice Chevalier,  Michel Legrand, and ballet dancer Zizi Jeanmaire. In April he released his second studio album, Quand on n'a que l'amour, which contained the popular title song. The album was recorded at the Théâtre de l'Apollo in Paris, with André Popp and Michel Legrand conducting. In June he won the prestigious Grand Prix du Disque from the Académie Charles Cros. In September he appeared on the bill in the Discorama programme Au Palace d'Avignon with Raymond Devos, Pierre-Jean Vaillard, and Les Trois Ménestrels. In November he met Gérard Jouannest, another talented pianist, who would accompany the singer on his many concert tours.<mask> and Jouannest would also collaborate on many of Brel's future classic songs, such as "Madeleine", "La Chanson des vieux amants" ("Song of the old lovers"), and "Les Vieux" ("The old folks"). In February 1958, <mask>'s wife Miche and their two children returned to live in Belgium, while <mask> rented a room near Place de Clichy in Paris—a place to stay on those rare occasions when he was not touring. In March and April, he recorded his third album, Au Printemps ("In the spring"), which would be released later that year. In May, while touring Canada for the first time, he met Félix Leclerc. On 23 August, his third daughter, Isabelle, was born back in Belgium. In November he gave a recital at the Halles d'Arlon in Belgian Luxembourg with Stéphane Steeman. In December Brel appeared at the Olympia in Paris as the supporting act to Philippe Clay.The pianist Gérard Jouannest and François Rauber joined <mask> on stage for this performance. <mask>'s incredibly emotional performance brought the house down. In January 1959, <mask> signed a new recording contract with Philips Records. He continued to tour extensively throughout the year. On 22 February, he performed at the Bolivie Gala in the Solvay Casino in Couillet. In March he starred at the Trois Baudets with Serge Gainsbourg. In September he recorded his fourth album, La Valse à Mille Temps (The thousand-beat waltz), with François Rauber and his orchestra.On 14 October, he appeared at the Eden in Mouscron with Raymond Devos. On 20 November, he sang with Charles Aznavour at the Ancienne Belgique in Brussels. By the end of the decade, he had gained an impressive and enthusiastic following across France. He was so popular that he was invited to headline the end-of-year concert at the renowned Bobino in Paris. The concert was an enormous success. During these appearances, he stopped accompanying himself on the guitar to concentrate entirely on his increasingly theatrical vocal performances. 1960–1967

In January 1960, Brel's new impresario, Charles Marouani, organised a series of international concert tours for the singer that would take him from the French provinces to the then Soviet Union, the Middle East, Canada, and the United States.From 19 to 24 March, he appeared at the Ancienne Belgique in Brussels. On 19 October, he performed at Shepheard's Hotel in Cairo. The year's concert tours brought him international recognition and popularity. His appearances initiated the first United States release of a <mask> recording, American Début, released on Columbia Records. It was a compilation of previously released Philips tracks. In January 1961, <mask> made a triumphant return to the Bobino. By now, the accordionist Jean Corti had joined his touring group.Between 22 February and 12 April, he recorded his fifth album for Philips simply titled No. 5, which introduced the future Brel classics "Marieke" and "Le Moribond" (The dying man). In March he toured Canada again. In Montreal he met French actress and singer Clairette Oddera at her club on the rue Saint-Jacques. They would become good friends. While in Montreal, he appeared with Raymond Devos at La Comédie Canadienne. In May <mask> performed at the Kurhaus of Scheveningen in The Hague in the Netherlands.From 12 to 29 October, he returned to the Olympia music hall in Paris with star billing, after Marlene Dietrich cancelled at the last minute. Many critics point to these inspired performances as the turning point in his career. The audiences responded with rapturous applause and the critics proclaimed him as the new star of French chanson. In March 1962, <mask> left Philips Records and signed a five-year contract with Barclay Records. The contract was to be renewed in 1967 for another six years. His first album release for his new label was a live album, Enregistrement Public à l'Olympia 1961, recorded the previous year. On 6 March, he recorded his first song for Barclay, "Le plat Pays" (The flat country).During the second week of March, he recorded the remaining tracks for his sixth studio album, Les Bourgeois (The bourgeois). In addition to the title song and "Le plat Pays", the new album contained the future Brel classics "Madeleine", "Les Biches" (The does), and "La Statue" (The statue). In October, <mask> set up his own music publishing company, Arlequin, which was soon renamed Éditions Musicales Pouchenel. <mask>'s wife Miche was appointed company director. In November he recorded "Les Bigotes", "Quand Maman reviendra" (When mother returns), "Les Filles et les chiens" (Girls and dogs), and "La Parlote" (The gossip) as singles. In April 1963, <mask> performed again at the Bobino in Paris. In July he headlined at the Casino in Knokke for the fifth Coupe d'Europe de Tour de Chant.During this engagement, he performed the classic "Mathilde" for the first time. He also returned for another triumphant engagement at the Olympia in Paris, performing with Isabelle Aubret, who was the support act. Once again, his performance was a critical and artistic success, with the audience leaping up from their seats in a standing ovation following his emotional rendering of "Amsterdam". The year 1964 brought a mix of personal tragedies and professional triumphs. On 8 January, <mask>'s father, Romain, died of bronchial pneumonia. Only two months later, on 7 March, his mother, Élisabeth (nicknamed Mouky), also died. At the same time, he was given the Gold Medal of Brussels from the Tourist Information Bureau and won a prize from the Société d’Auteurs Belge/Belgische Auteurs Maatschappij (SABAM).He was also awarded the French Academy's Grand Prix du Disque. He continued his

masks:
Jacques Romain Georges Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Jacques Romain
Georges Brel
Brel
Jacques
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Jacques
Brel
Brel
Jacques Canetti
Brel
Jacques Canetti
Brel
Brel
Brel
Jacques
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Jacques Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel
Brel