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<mask> (born April 19, 1956) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is the former head coach of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Toronto Maple Leafs and the Anaheim Ducks. He won the Stanley Cup in 2007 with the Ducks during his first stint with the team. As a player, Carlyle dressed for over 1,000 games between the Maple Leafs, Pittsburgh Penguins and Winnipeg Jets, winning the James Norris Memorial Trophy as the NHL's best defenceman in the 1980–81 season and serving as a captain of both the Penguins and Jets. Carlyle is partially of Finnish descent, and was raised in Azilda, just northwest of Sudbury, Ontario. Junior career

Sudbury Wolves (1973–1976)
Carlyle appeared in 12 games with the Sudbury Wolves in the 1973–74 OHA season, earning eight assists. He played in four playoff games with Sudbury, going pointless, as the Wolves were swept by the Kitchener Rangers in the first round.Carlyle became a regular on the Wolves' blueline in 1974–75, as he scored 17 goals and 64 points in 67 games to finish tied with Dave Farrish in points among defencemen on the Wolves. In the playoffs, Carlyle scored 3 goals and 9 points in 15 games as Sudbury were eliminated by the Toronto Marlboros in the second round. Carlyle continued to improve offensively: during the 1975–76 season, he scored 15 goals and 79 points in 60 games to lead the Wolves defence, and finish fourth in team scoring. Carlyle also had an impressive playoff, scoring 6 goals and 19 points in 17 games as the Wolves were eliminated by the Hamilton Fincups in the final round. Professional career

Toronto Maple Leafs (1976–1978)
Carlyle was drafted into the National Hockey League (NHL) by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the second round, 30th overall, of the 1976 NHL Entry Draft. In his first professional season, 1976–77, he spent the majority of the year with the Maple Leafs in the NHL, scoring 5 assists in 45 games in his rookie season. In nine Stanley Cup playoff games with the Leafs, Carlyle had one assist as the Maple Leafs were eliminated by the Philadelphia Flyers in the quarter-finals.Carlyle had also spent some time of the 1976–77 season with the Dallas Black Hawks of the Central Hockey League (CHL), scoring 2 goals and 9 points in 27 games with the club. Carlyle split the 1977–78 season between the Dallas Black Hawks and the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 21 games with Dallas, he scored 3 goals and 17 points. With Toronto, he scored 2 goals and 13 points in 47 games, helping the Leafs into the 1978 playoffs. In seven playoff games, he recorded one assist as the Maple Leafs were eliminated by the Montreal Canadiens in the semi-finals. On June 14, 1978, <mask> (alongside George Ferguson) was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Dave Burrows. Pittsburgh Penguins (1978–1984)
<mask> joined the Penguins for the 1978–79 season, where in 70 games he had significant improvement offensively, scoring 13 goals and 47 points to lead all Penguins defencemen in scoring.However, in seven playoff games, Carlyle went pointless as the Penguins were eliminated by the Boston Bruins in the quarter-finals. Carlyle saw his offensive production slip in the 1979–80 season, when he scored 8 goals and 36 points in 67 games, although he still led the Penguins defence in scoring. In five playoff games, Carlyle scored one goal as the Penguins were again eliminated by Boston, this time in the preliminary round. Carlyle had the best season of his career in the 1980–81 season: in 76 games, he scored 16 goals and 83 points to lead all NHL defencemen in scoring. In the 1981 playoffs, Carlyle scored four goals and nine points in five games as the Penguins were eliminated by the St. Louis Blues in the preliminary round. After the season, Carlyle was awarded the James Norris Memorial Trophy for the NHL's best defenceman in the regular season; he was also named to the NHL First All-Star Team and finished 11th in Hart Memorial Trophy voting as the NHL's most valuable player during the regular season. Carlyle had another very successful season in 1981–82, when he scored 11 goals and 75 points in 73 games, helping Pittsburgh into the 1982 playoffs.In five playoff games, he scored a goal and four points, as the Penguins were eliminated by the New York Islanders in the Patrick Division semi-finals. Carlyle ran into injuries in the 1982–83 season, as he appeared in only 61 games. However, his offensive production remained impressive, as he scored 15 goals and 56 points to lead the Penguins blue line. The Penguins struggled during the season, and missed the playoffs. Carlyle struggled in the 1983–84 season, scoring only 3 goals and 26 points in 50 games, his lowest totals since joining the club in 1978. With the Penguins rebuilding, on March 5, <mask> was traded to the Winnipeg Jets in exchange for the Jets' first-round draft pick in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft (which the Penguins used to select Doug Bodger) and future considerations, which was completed on May 1 when the Jets sent Moe Mantha to the Penguins. Winnipeg Jets (1984–1993)
Carlyle finished the 1983–84 season with the Jets.However, due to injuries, he appeared in only five games with the club, earning three assists. In three 1984 playoff games, Carlyle recorded two assists as the Jets were swept by the Edmonton Oilers in the Smythe Division semi-final. In his first full season with the Jets, in 1984–85, Carlyle's offensive production went up, as he scored 13 goals and 51 points in 71 games. In eight playoff games, Carlyle had one goal and six points as the Jets were eliminated by Edmonton in the division final. After the season, Carlyle finished seventh in voting for the Norris Trophy. In the 1985–86 season, <mask> tied his career-high with 16 goals, matching his total from 1980–81, and added 33 assists for 49 points in 68 games to lead the Jets defence in scoring. However, due to a late season injury, Carlyle did not appear in any playoff games, as the Jets were swept by the Calgary Flames in the division semi-final.Carlyle once again tied his career-high in goals with 16 in 1986–87, as well as added 26 assists for 42 points in 71 games, helping the team reach the 1987 playoffs. In ten playoff games, he scored one goal and six points as Winnipeg would lose to Edmonton in the division final. Carlyle had his best season as a Jet in 1987–88, as he scored 15 goals and 59 points in 78 games for his highest point total in a season since 1981–82. Carlyle also set a career-high with 210 penalty minutes, and would be the only season of his Jets career that he would have over 100 penalty minutes. In the 1988 playoffs, Carlyle had two assists in five games as the Jets were again eliminated by Edmonton Oilers, this time in five games in the division semi-final. In the 1988–89 season, Carlyle struggled offensively, scoring only six goals, his lowest total since 1983–84, and 44 points in 78 games. The Jets failed to qualify for the playoffs for the first time since Carlyle joined the team.Injuries plagued Carlyle in the 1989–90 season, as in 53 games, he scored 3 goals and 18 points, his lowest point total since his 1977–78 season with Toronto. Carlyle did not appear in any playoff games as Winnipeg were eliminated by the Edmonton Oilers in seven games in the division semi-final. Injuries limited Carlyle to only 52 games in the 1990–91 season, as he scored 9 goals and 28 points. The struggling Jets missed the playoffs for the second time in three seasons. <mask>'s offense struggled greatly in the 1991–92 season, as in 66 games, he scored 1 goal and 10 points, his lowest totals since his rookie season in 1976–77. The Jets made the 1992 playoffs, and in five games, Carlyle scored one goal as the Jets were eliminated by the Vancouver Canucks in the division semi-final. Carlyle saw limited action with the Jets in the 1992–93 season, playing in 22 games, scoring 1 goal and 2 points.On March 6, 1993, <mask> played his final NHL game, scoring a goal against Félix Potvin of the Toronto Maple Leafs in a 4–2 Jets loss. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Coaching career

Winnipeg Jets (1993–1996)
Following his retirement as a player, <mask> remained with the Jets and eventually became an assistant coach with the club in the 1995–96 season under head coach Terry Simpson. The Jets finished the year with a 36–40–6 record to earn the eighth and final playoff position in the Western Conference. Winnipeg faced the Detroit Red Wings and lost to them in six games. Following the season, the Jets relocated to Phoenix, Arizona, and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes. Carlyle did not follow the team south. Manitoba Moose (1996–2002)
<mask> remained in Winnipeg and became an assistant coach with their new International Hockey League (IHL) team, the Manitoba Moose, under head coach Jean Perron.The Moose got off to a rough start in 1996–97, going 16–26–8 in their first 50 games. Hoping to save the season, the Moose then fired Perron and promoted <mask> to become head coach and general manager. Under <mask>, the Moose improved and went 16–14–2, although the team failed to make the playoffs. In his first full season as head coach of the Moose in 1997–98, Carlyle led the team to a 39–36–7 record, as the team reached the playoffs. In the first round, the Moose were swept by the Chicago Wolves. Manitoba improved to a 47–21–14 record in the 1998–99 season, finishing second in the Midwest Division and reaching the playoffs. In the playoffs, the Moose once again lost to Chicago, in the quarter-finals.In the 1999–2000 season, the Moose slumped to a 37–36–9 record, however they once again made the playoffs in the final playoff spot in the Western Conference. In the pre-playoff round, the Moose lost to the Long Beach Ice Dogs in two games. Manitoba improved in the 2000–01 season to a 42–33–7 record, finishing third in the Western Conference and in the playoffs. In the post-season, the Moose lost to the Chicago Wolves in the semi-finals. Following the season, the IHL folded and the Moose moved to the American Hockey League (AHL) to become the top affiliate of the NHL's Vancouver Canucks. <mask> was promoted to team president, and Stan Smyl replaced him as head coach in 2001–02. Washington Capitals (2002–2004)
Carlyle was hired as an assistant coach by the Washington Capitals to work with newly hired head coach Bruce Cassidy for the 2002–03 season.In his first season with the Capitals, the team went 39–29–14, reaching the 2003 playoffs as the sixth seed in the Eastern Conference. In the playoffs, the Capitals were eliminated by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the first round. Washington struggled badly in the 2003–04 season, with Cassidy being fired after an 8–16–1 start and replaced by Glen Hanlon. Under Hanlon, the Capitals went 15–30–9 as the club finished in 14th place in the Eastern Conference. Carlyle was not brought back after the season. Manitoba Moose (2004–2005)
Carlyle returned to the Manitoba Moose as head coach for the 2004–05 season. Under <mask>, the Moose went 44–26–7–3 to finish third in the North Division.In the playoffs, the Moose upset the higher seeded St. John's Maple Leafs and Rochester Americans before losing to the Chicago Wolves in the Western Conference final. Mighty Ducks of Anaheim/Anaheim Ducks (2005–2011)
On August 1, 2005, <mask> was hired as head coach of the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. On October 5, 2005, <mask> coached his first career NHL game, as the Mighty Ducks defeated the Chicago Blackhawks 5–3. In his first season with the Mighty Ducks in 2005–06, Carlyle led the team to a 43–27–12 record, earning a 2006 playoff berth. In the post-season, the Mighty Ducks would be eliminated by the Edmonton Oilers in the Western Conference final. The Mighty Ducks rebranded themselves as the Anaheim Ducks in 2006–07, and the club finished with a 48–20–14 record, winning their first division title in franchise history, and with it the second seed in the Western Conference. In the 2007 playoffs, the Ducks defeated the Minnesota Wild, Vancouver Canucks and Detroit Red Wings, earning a spot in the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals.In the final round against the Ottawa Senators, the Ducks would defeat Ottawa in five games to win their first Stanley Cup in team history. The Ducks had another successful season in 2007–08, going 47–27–8 to clinch a playoff spot. In the playoffs, the Ducks were upset by the Dallas Stars in the first round. Carlyle reached a milestone on February 8, 2008, as he won his 121st game with the Ducks, setting the franchise record for wins by a head coach. In 2008–09, Anaheim slumped to a 42–33–7 record, however they snuck into the playoffs as the eighth and final seed in the Western Conference. In the playoffs, the Ducks defeated the top-seeded San Jose Sharks before falling to the Detroit Red Wings in the second round. The Ducks struggled in the 2009–10 season, going 39–32–11 and failing to reach the playoffs for the first time since Carlyle became head coach.Anaheim rebounded with a very successful regular season in 2010–11, going 47–30–5, their highest point total since the 2007–08 season, and returned to the playoffs. In the post-season, the Ducks lost to the Nashville Predators in the first round. The Ducks struggled badly to begin the 2011–12 season, as the club was 7–13–4 in their first 24 games. On November 30, 2011, the Ducks fired Carlyle and replaced him with former Washington Capitals head coach Bruce Boudreau. Toronto Maple Leafs (2012–2015)
On March 2, 2012, the Toronto Maple Leafs hired <mask> as the head coach of the team. At the time of the hiring, the Maple Leafs had a 29–28–7 record. On March 3, Carlyle coached his first game with the Leafs, leading the team to a 3–1 win over the Montreal Canadiens.Under Carlyle, the rebuilding club finished the 2011–12 season with a 6–9–3 record in 18 games, failing to reach the playoffs. In his first full season with Toronto in 2012–13, the Leafs finished with a 26–17–5 record in the lockout-shortened season to qualify for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time since 2004. In the playoffs, the Leafs were eliminated by the Boston Bruins in seven games in the first round. In Game 7, the Leafs held a 4–1 lead midway through the third period, however, the Bruins stormed back to tie the game and send it into overtime, in which Boston won the game, and series. In the 2013–14 season, the Leafs finished the season with a 38–36–8 record. With 14 games to play, the Leafs appeared to be comfortably in a spot in the 2014 playoffs. However, they went 2–12 the rest of the way and missed the playoffs.On January 6, 2015, Carlyle was fired after Toronto lost seven of their last ten games, going 2–7 since and including their first loss in that such stretch of games. Problems in the Leafs defensive and possession game, as well as the lack of advanced statistics progress despite personal additions and line-up changes, also played a role. He finished his tenure as Toronto head coach with a 91–78–19 record. Return to Anaheim (2016–2019)
On June 14, 2016, the Ducks announced <mask> had returned to the team to become their head coach. On February 10, 2019, the Ducks terminated Carlyle's position as head coach after going 2–15–4 since December 18, with general manager Bob Murray to serve as interim head coach for the remainder of the 2018–19 season. NHL coaching record

Awards and achievements
 OMJHL Second All-Star Team (1976)
 Norris Trophy winner (1981)
 NHL First AlI-Star Team (1981)
 "Honoured Member" of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
 Stanley Cup champion (2007)

See also
 List of NHL players with 1,000 games played

References

External links

1956 births
Living people
Anaheim Ducks coaches
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Cincinnati Stingers draft picks
Dallas Black Hawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
James Norris Memorial Trophy winners
Manitoba Moose coaches
National Hockey League All-Stars
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Sportspeople from Greater Sudbury
Stanley Cup champions
Stanley Cup championship-winning head coaches
Sudbury Wolves players
Toronto Maple Leafs coaches
Toronto Maple Leafs draft picks
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Washington Capitals coaches
Winnipeg Jets (1972–1996) captains
Winnipeg Jets (1972–1996) coaches
Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players
Canadian people of Finnish descent

masks:
Randolph Robert Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
Carlyle
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<mask> (古屋政次郎, November 7, 1862—February 15, 1938; sometimes written as <mask>), founder of the Furuya Company, was a Japanese American banker, merchant, and manufacturer, whose career took place largely in Seattle, Washington, United States. Gary Iwamoto described him in 2005 as "perhaps the most prominent local [Seattle] businessman of the early 20th Century" and "certainly the top businessman among Japanese on the Pacific Coast" during that period. Early years in Japan
<mask> was born in 1862 in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, the son of Heibei and T. Ariidzumi Furuya. His mother died when he was still a child. At 13 he apprenticed at a confectionery, but eventually entered a private school. He received a teacher's credential at 21 and entered the Imperial Japanese Army at 22. He served three years at the Azabu First Infantry Regiment in Tokyo.By the time he left the military he had formed an ambition to emigrate to the North America. Early years in North America
To avoid ending up a laborer in America, he apprenticed again, this time as a tailor. Three years later, at the age of 28, he landed in Vancouver, British Columbia, soon heading south into the United States. over the next year or two, he worked in Seattle, Chicago, St. Louis, variously tailoring and working in grocery stores, before returning to Seattle in December 1892, where he opened a grocery store and tailor shop at 303 Yesler Way. Furuya traveled to Japan in 1903 to get married. He and his wife Hatsu Shibata returned to Seattle. They had two daughters, both of whom attended Seattle public schools.Furuya Company
He proved an able merchant, and his Furuya Company made profits in trade related to the Sino-Japanese War and Klondike Gold Rush, and gained many customers in Seattle's growing Japanese community: this was the period in which the N.Y.K. line (now Nippon Yusen) began direct steamship service between Seattle and Yokohama. Seattle's Japanese population grew from 125 in 1890 to 2,884 in 1900. His blue-suited "Furuya men" traveled the west, taking orders for goods from Japanese laborers throughout the region. His business came to involve wholesale, retail, and import-export. Besides being a major supplier of Japanese foodstuffs in the region, he opened an Oriental fine arts store in 1895, which eventually came to be located at 1304 Second Avenue (today, part of the site of Benaroya Hall, Seattle's symphony hall), and started the Furuya Construction Company, mainly a labor contractor, which helped build the Great Northern Railway, the Milwaukee Road and the Oregon Short Line. In 1900, a headquarters was built to his specifications at 216 South Second Avenue, mainly for his grocery and Japanese art products business, and became a focal point of Seattle's then-thriving Nihonmachi or Japantown.Furuya reinforced his role as a leader of the Japanese community by purchasing the Nippon Kan (Japanese Hall) and as a key supporter of Japanese-American efforts at the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition. The company also engaged in real estate, postal service, banking, and printing, and sold rice to the Imperial Japanese Navy. At its height the Furuya Company had North American branch offices in Portland, Oregon (established 1895), Tacoma, Washington (established 1900), and Vancouver, B.C. (established 1904), as well as Japanese branch offices in Yokohama (established 1898), Kobe (established 1903), Yokosuka, and a sub-branch in Tokyo. It was the most important career opportunity for skilled and educated Japanese and Japanese Americans in Seattle, because white-owned companies would generally not hire them except as laborers. Still, Furuya worked his employees hard and wages were low; 10- to 12-hour shifts and 7-day weeks were routine, the day started with a Christian "inspirational meeting," and he reportedly required his employees to attend Sunday school at the church he belonged to, Seattle First Methodist. There were no vacations except a once-a-year company outing to the gardens of Furuya's summer house, the Furuya Resort House at Crystal Springs on Bainbridge Island, overlooking Port Orchard on Puget Sound.Despite his austere lifestyle and strong Christian beliefs, Ronald Takaki writes that Furuya's fortune may have had significant roots in the underground economy of Seattle's Skid Road. Takaki describes it as "the accepted opinion among the Seattle community" that beginning in his days as a tailor Furuya functioned as a trusted banker for Seattle prostitutes. "[S]ome of them may have died or moved away… without requesting the money back. As a result, Furuya, they say, made big money out of it." Furuya Resort House
The Furuya Resort House was built on a  property that included  of the Bainbridge Island shore. The grounds had two stone lanterns, a pond and bridge, a large greenhouse and eight hothouses, with 5,000 pots of lilies, cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, geraniums, and chrysanthemums. He experimented with bamboos and was probably the first to import udo (Aralia cordata) and certain types of soybeans used in making soy sauce.He had paulownias, maples, wisteria, Japanese cypress, and cryptomeria shipped from Japan. Besides the annual visit by his employees, it was open on Sundays for picnics by University of Washington students and local prefectural associations (associations of people tracing their ancestry to a particular Japanese prefecture). The house survives, as do many of the plants, although the paulownias are gone. The Whitman family, owners of the house since the late 1970s, continue to host an annual Japanese Community Picnic. The summer house may have been Furuya's only personal extravagance. Most of the year he and his family lived on the upper floor of the company boarding house and he ate a simple, largely traditional Japanese diet. Even the summer house with its commanding view, surrounded on three sides by a verandah, was quite modest on the inside.The interior of the second floor was never finished or used. Banking
Building on his success as a merchant, Furuya became a banker. He founded the Japanese Commercial Bank in 1907; it became the cornerstone of a banking empire that eventually consolidated the Oriental American Bank, and the Seattle Specie Bank in 1928 under his Pacific Commercial Bank and Pacific Holding Company. His role as a merchant and banker allowed him entree into circles not usually open to Japanese Americans. He was a member of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce, an honorary member of the United States Chamber of Commerce, was praised in Clarence Bagley's History of Seattle (1916) as "a man of unusual business ability and keen insight," and was listed in Who’s Who in Washington State in 1927. However, the Great Depression and mismanagement of the Seattle Specie Bank turned him from a millionaire to bankrupt. Like many Japanese American (and other American) bankers of the time, he had overextended, invested in stocks that plummeted, and made unsecured loans.He sought but failed to obtain a rescue from the Sumitomo Bank and the Yokohama Specie Bank. This was before the time of deposit insurance in the United States, and Furuya's failure was an economic disaster for Seattle's Japanese community, leading to the failure of many businesses along Seattle's Main Street. The First National Bank (later Seafirst Bank, eventually absorbed by Bank of America) saw opportunity in the financial void left by <mask>'s collapse, and started its "International Branch" on Jackson Street April 10, 1934. The Bank of America Branch at Sixth and Jackson in what is today known as Chinatown-International District is a direct descendant of that branch. Later years
<mask> moved to Southern California in 1931 and tried unsuccessfully to reestablish himself, finally returning, ill, to Japan in July of 1937. He died in Yokohama on February 15, 1938 from atrophic kidney disease. References

External links

People from Yamanashi Prefecture
Businesspeople from Seattle
American bankers
American merchants
American businesspeople of Japanese descent
Japanese emigrants to the United States
Japanese-American culture in Washington (state)
1862 births
1938 deaths

masks:
Masajiro Furuya
Masahiro Furuya
Furuya
Furuya
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<mask> (June 10, 1914 – January 14, 2009) was an American real estate developer from Dallas, Texas. He is credited with the creation of several major real estate projects, including the Dallas Market Center, Peachtree Center in Atlanta, Georgia, and the Embarcadero Center in San Francisco, California. Biography
A native of Dallas, <mask> as a child and later as an adolescent earned money through a series of odd jobs, including plucking chickens, cleaning bricks, and unloading boxcars, from the age of ten until his father forbade it. He was the fifth of eight children reared in East Dallas. His father, <mask>, worked as a bookkeeper for Collett Munger – one of Dallas' early real estate developers and the builder of Munger Place subdivision. After completing Woodrow Wilson High School in 1932 <mask> was unable to attend college at the time because of the Great Depression, <mask> then worked after high school at some odd jobs. then In 1933, <mask> landed a job for about $13 a week as a runner for Mercantile National Bank in Dallas while attending night school in accounting at Southern Methodist University.Upon graduation in 1938, he was at the age of twenty-four the youngest CPA in Texas. He then worked for three years as a Certified Public Accountant before joining the United States Navy in 1940. He used his background in accounting and was offered a commission auditing the books of defense contractors. After World War II, he remained with the Navy for another year to handle final settlements with its contractors. He left the Navy after achieving the rank of commander and then returned to Dallas and saw opportunities for the growth of the city. He became an agent for North American Van Lines, a moving company. Shortly thereafter, he worked as a wholesale grain merchandiser, tripled the sizes of the warehouses, and erected new loading facilities.Once the grain business faded, he switched at the age of thirty-three to the burgeoning field of warehouse real estate development. <mask> built his first warehouse in 1948 and leased it to Ray-O-Vac Battery Company. The warehouse was larger than what Ray-O-Vac needed, and <mask> was able to seek additional tenants. He convinced Decca Records to sign for the leftover space, and began a career as a "speculative builder." This field was a new concept in property development, one in which builders typically designed construction to meet the expressed needs of one specific company, then leased the entire space to that company after the building was in place. He continued from his start with a single-story warehouse on the banks of the Trinity River in the late 1940s. In partnerships with John M. Stemmons, he became one of the largest developers in the Trinity River Industrial Park.By the middle 1950s, <mask> was Dallas' largest warehouse builder. His company's skyscrapers – including Dallas' 50-story Trammell Crow Center and the 53-story Chase Tower – reshaped skylines in the 1980s in cities stretching from Charlotte, North Carolina to San Diego, California. Trammell Crow Company

By 1970, Crow had developed Trammell Crow Company into a nationwide organization, another innovation in a field that was, at the time, dominated strictly by local builders. Forbes in 1971 and The Wall Street Journal in 1986 called <mask> the largest landlord in the US. The Journal said the company he founded was then the largest developer in the nation. <mask> once had interests in nearly  of developed real estate, comprising eight thousand properties in more than one hundred cities. Crow's holdings were said to be much larger than those of the better-known William Zeckendorf and Donald Trump and include hotels, hospitals, residential developments, and – just as in the early days of the company – warehouses.The Austin Business Journal said in its profile of TCC, "When compared to Trammell Crow, other real estate companies are for the birds." Yahoo! Finance, in an oddly similar metaphor, said in its company profile: "It takes a tough bird to succeed in the real estate business, and Trammell Crow Company is one of the cocks of the walk." Calling the organization "one of the top diversified real estate management companies in the US," the profile estimates that the company manages nearly  of warehouse, service center, and retail space in the United States and Canada. As of June, 2007, the company was set to grow even further with the scheduled $60 million purchase of the HealthSouth headquarters building in Birmingham, Alabama. The Trammell Crow Company was privately held until 1997, when it went public on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol TCC. In 2006, the firm was sold to CB Richard Ellis group (NYSE:CBG) for approximately $2.2 billion.Art collection
<mask> <mask> was an enthusiastic collector of East Asian art. His son, <mask> S<mask>, went to Yale University with Alex Kerr, and some time later, after Kerr was more established, he became an art purchaser in Tokyo for the Trammell Crow Company at the behest of his father. In 1998, 598 of the family's best pieces were donated to the people of Dallas with the founding of the Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art. He also commissioned several pieces from artist Bjørn Wiinblad, also sculptor David Cargill, incorporating them into his Dallas hotel and real estate projects. Personal life
In 1981, <mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. In 1989, <mask> was an original inductee of the Woodrow Wilson High School Hall of Fame, which was established in connection with the school's sixtieth anniversary. <mask> was instrumental in bringing to Dallas the 1984 Republican National Convention, which renominated U.S. President Ronald W. Reagan and Vice President George Herbert Walker Bush.He and his wife, the former Margaret Doggett, were avid collectors of Asian art, for which they established a museum, The Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art. This private museum is open to the public without charge. It is located on Flora Street in the Arts District of downtown Dallas. <mask> married his wife Margaret in 1942 and at the time of his death, they had been married for sixty-six years. The couple has six surviving children: Lucy C. Billingsley, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, and <mask> S. <mask>. The <mask>s have sixteen grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. His eldest son, Robert, was a drug addict during the 1980s and often found himself in rehabilitation clinics.Late in life, <mask> suffered from Alzheimer's disease and died at age 94 in his sleep at his ranch near Tyler on January 14, 2009. He is interred at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas. His widow Margaret died in 2014, five years later, also at the age of 94. References

Further reading

 Robert Sobel. Trammell <mask>, Master Builder. Willam Bragg Ewald, Jr., Trammell Crow: A Legacy of Real Estate Business Innovation

External links
 Trammell Crow Company Website
 The holding company for the Trammel Crow family's investments

1914 births
2009 deaths
American real estate businesspeople
American art collectors
People from Dallas
People from Tyler, Texas
Military personnel from Texas
Businesspeople from Texas
Texas Republicans
American accountants
Ranchers from Texas
Woodrow Wilson High School (Dallas) alumni
Southern Methodist University alumni
United States Navy officers
Neurological disease deaths in Texas
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Burials at Texas State Cemetery
20th-century American businesspeople

masks:
Fred Trammell Crow
Crow
Jefferson Crow
Crow
Crow
Crow
Crow
Crow
Crow
Crow
Crow
Trammell
Crow
Trammell
. Crow
Crow
Crow
Crow
Crow
Robert Crow
Harlan Crow
Howard Crow
Stuart Crow
Trammell
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<mask> (born 1967) is an American artist from Chicago who works in New York City in the United States. She works in various media including sculpture, installations, video, performance, and social practice. <mask> has described her work as auto-ethnographic, and her interests include African art and vernacular objects, performance, and feminism. Her work is concerned with the marginalization of women of color and reframes their experience as central to society. <mask> has often said that her work is focused on “Black female subjectivity,” with an interest in complex interplays between various strands of history. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1967 in Chicago, Illinois to Jamaican missionaries. She grew up on Chicago's South Side in a highly segregated neighborhood.Describing her childhood in an interview, <mask> stated "Everyone was black, so I grew up feeling like my blackness didn’t predetermine anything about me. It was very good for my self-esteem. I still feel lucky that I grew up in that crucible." <mask> attended Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana; she received a BA in Art with a minor in Philosophy in 1990. Career
"I came to my artistic practice via the study of philosophy, cultural studies, and a strong interest in African and African American art, which has imbued my object and performance-based work with a concern for the ethnographic, especially the way it records and describes objects. "After graduating, <mask> planned to become a social worker. After an internship at the National Museum of African Art and stint at a studio near Charlottesville, Virginia, she embraced art as a career.In 2015 she remarked "I tried not to be an artist for a really long time but at a certain point I realized I was not going to stop doing it." <mask> combines her training in American ceramics with an interest in African pottery, using African motifs which tend to have modernist characteristics. Though she considers herself to be primarily a sculptor, she recently has been involved in social sculpture, or social practice work that engages the public directly. Her objects often employ materials and forms traditionally associated with African art, and her performance-influenced installations create spaces where historical precedent and self-determination co-mingle. She describes this combination representing "a collapsing of time." Her work has been described as part of a generation's reimagining of ceramics in a cross-disciplinary context. She has given artist lectures in many institutions nationally and internationally, and has taught in the ceramics department of the Rhode Island School of Design.In October 2020, <mask> was selected to represent the United States at the 2022 Venice Biennale. She is the first black woman to do so. Works and critical reception

<mask> has exhibited internationally including: MoMA PS1, Walker Art Center, Studio Museum in Harlem, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, The Hammer Museum, The Kitchen, The Bronx Museum of the Arts,  Tilton Gallery, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, SculptureCenter, Kunsthalle Wien in Vienna, L'appartement 22 in Rabat, Morocco, the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, and the Association for Visual Arts Gallery in Cape Town, South Africa. <mask> organized an event with a group of women artists, who performed in "Black Women Artists for Black Lives Matter" part of her solo exhibition, The Waiting Room at the New Museum in 2016. <mask>'s work was selected among "the most important and relevant work" by curators Jane Panetta and Rujeko Hockley for the 2019 Whitney Biennial. During her residency at the New Museum, <mask> Castille, and in protest against other similar injustices against black lives. <mask> is the creator of the Free People's Medical Clinic a social practice project created with Creative Time in 2014.A reenactment of the Black Panther Party's initiative of the same name. The installation was located in a 1914 Bed-Stuy brownstone called the Stuyvesant Mansion, previously owned by notable African-American doctor Josephine English (1920–2011). As an homage to this history, <mask> created a walk-in health center with yoga, nutrition and massage sessions, staffed by volunteers in 19th-century nurse uniforms. She is the recipient of many awards, including: a Guggenheim Fellowship; The Herb Alpert Award; a Creative Capital grant; a Blade of Grass Fellowship; the Studio Museum in Harlem's Joyce Alexander Wein Artist Prize; the Guggenheim Museum's Hugo Boss Prize; United States Artists fellowship; and a Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists award (2018). She was named one of Artsy Editorial's "Most Influential Artists" of 2018. Her work has been written about in many publications, including Art in America, Artforum, Sculpture Magazine, Modern Painters, The New Yorker, The New York Times, Small Axe, and Bomb magazine. Brick House
 The Brick House sculpture's torso combines the forms of a skirt and a clay house while the sculpture's head is crowned with an afro framed by cornrow braids.This 5,900-pound  bronze bust is of a Black woman with a torso standing 16 feet high and 9 feet in diameter at its base.Brick House is the inaugural commission for the High Line Plinth, a new landmark destination for major public artworks in New York City, and is part of a series of art installations that will rotate every eighteen months and the first space on the High Line dedicated solely to new commissions of contemporary art. The content of <mask>'s sculpture directly contrasts the location in which it is sited in New York since it is situated where "glass-and-steel towers shoot up from among older industrial-era brick buildings, and where architectural and human scales are in constant negotiation." In 2020, another original Brick House was permanently installed in another urban location (albeit surrounded by a patch of grass) at the key gateway to the University City campus of University of Pennsylvania (near corner of 34th Street and Woodland Walk adjacent to Penn's School of Design). Brick House is the first piece in Leigh's Anatomy of Architecture collection, an ongoing body of work where the artist combines architectural forms from regions as varied as West Africa and the Southern United States with the human body. Brick House combines a number of different architectural styles: "Batammaliba architecture from Benin and Togo, the teleuk dwellings of the Mousgoum people of Cameroon and Chad, and the restaurant named Mammy's Cupboard located on US Highway 61 south of Natchez, Mississippi." The Waiting Room
The Waiting Room was exhibited at the New Museum in New York City from June to September 2016. This exhibition honors Esmin Elizabeth Green, who died from blood clots after sitting in a waiting room of a Brooklyn hospital for 24 hours, and provides an alternative vision of health care shaped by female, African-American experience.In an interview with the Guardian, <mask> says "obedience is one of the main threats to black women's health" and "what happened to Green is an example of the lack of empathy people have towards the pain of black women." The Waiting Room involved public and private care sessions from different traditions of medicine such as herbalism, meditation rooms, movement studios, and other holistic approaches to healthcare. Outside of museum hours this exhibition became "The Waiting Room Underground" providing free, private workshops outside of the public eye, an homage to the healthcare work of the Black Panthers and the United Order of Tents. Additionally this exhibition featured lectures; workshops on self-defense, home economics, and self-awareness; Taiko drumming lessons for LGBTQ youth, and summer internships with the museum for teens. This work came after and is related to <mask>'s previous project Free People's Medical Clinic (2014). Recognition
<mask> is a recipient of The Studio Museum in Harlem's Joyce Alexander Wein Artist Prize (2017); John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (2016); Anonymous Was a Woman Award (2016); Herb Alpert Award in the Arts (2016); and A Blade of Grass Fellowship for Socially Engaged Art (2016). Guggenheim Fellowship (2012), Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Biennial Award, Creative Capital Grantee, Lower Manhattan Cultural Council's Micheal Richards Award (2012), Joan Mitchell Foundation Grant, Artist-in-Residence The Studio Museum in Harlem (2010–11), NYFA Fellowship, Art Matters Foundation Grant (2009), Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award (2018), The Hugo Boss Prize (2018) (a $100,000 award facilitated by the Guggenheim Museum that ranks among the world's top art prizes).Art market
From 2019 until 2021, <mask> was represented by Hauser & Wirth. She previously worked with Luhring Augustine Gallery (2016–2019) and David Kordansky Gallery (2019).

masks:
Simone Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Simone Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leighando
Simone Leigh
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<mask> (born 25 April 1953) is a former Australian international cricketer who played in 18 Test matches and nine One Day Internationals between 1975 and 1979. Cosier's star shone very briefly following a sensational debut, when he became only the ninth Australian to post a century in his first Test. Overview
The stocky, redheaded Cosier was a middle-order batsman who often attacked the bowling when a more judicious method was the order of the day. Given an extended trial at international level over four seasons, he never really established himself as a Test batsman, although he was vice-captain of Australia for a brief period. He had two major highlights at Test level – a hundred on his Test debut at Melbourne against the West Indies in 1975–76, and a 168 against Pakistan the following season. Test bowlers were quick to exploit his technical deficiencies, in particular a very short backlift and abbreviated footwork. Cosier was all brute force with little finesse, but he did try to modify his technique somewhat during the 1978–79 Ashes series, when he was incongruously used as an opener.He could back his batting with slow medium-pacers that swung alarmingly when the conditions favoured him. On the 1977 tour of England he showed in an ODI at Edgbaston that he could have been well suited to the burgeoning genre of one-day cricket when he snared five for 18. However, Cosier's bowling was not really used in Tests and his first Test wicket did not come until his 13th match. He was also an excellent close-in fielder and secure slipper. Early career
Born and raised in Melbourne, Cosier attended University High School, where he captained the First XI and represented the Australian junior team in the West Indies. Highlights of that trip included 96 against Barbados. Cosier played club cricket for Northcote where his captain was Bill Lawry.He made his first-class debut aged 18 for Victoria during the summer of 1971–72, opening with Lawry. Early sports writers sometimes compared him to Lawry. Cosier was a different style of batsman but later said "Bill's influence on me was in the way he could fight out of a situation. He was incredible the way he would bat with pain and with everything running against him." During that summer he also appeared for the Victorian Colts side along with such players as Rodney Hogg and Paul Hibbert. Cosier struggled with his weight throughout his career, in part due to his back trouble – a permanent condition since birth: a vertebra is out of alignment. "I can't do any heavy physical work at all", he said in February 1977."I can't run or do gym work." Move to South Australia
He relocated to South Australia to play regular first class cricket. "I wasn't getting many runs, and one day keeper Ray Jordon told me to get across to Adelaide", he later recalled. "I thought no more of it until Ray, now a newspaper columnist, wrote a story saying I would definitely be going to South Australia". This resulted in a series of offers from Adelaide clubs which prompted Cosier to move in 1974. Coming under the influence of South Australian skipper Ian Chappell, Cosier pursued his positive approach to batting and seemed to be headed for the top, although Chappell doubted his commitment to the game. Highlights of the 1974–75 summer for Cosier included 81 against Victoria.International Cricketer

1975–76 Season
Cosier had an excellent season with the bat in 1975–76. He leapt into test consideration with 130 for South Australia against the touring West Indians. He followed this up with 76 against NSW, and a match winning 49 against Queensland. He was named in a 13-person Australian squad to play a one-day international against the West Indies. Cosier pressed his claims with 71 and 49 against Victoria although he injured his hamstring in the second innings at had to bat with a runner. Cosier made his international debut for Australia against the West Indies in a one-day game. He took 1-33 and scored 25 not out, helping guide Australia to a five wicket victory.He was duly selected in the test team for the third test, replacing Terry Jenner. Cosier celebrated this by promptly scoring another century for South Australia against the West Indians, 107. Test Debut
Cosier scored a century on debut. Cosier later recalled:
I remember going out to bat at 5pm and Andy Roberts had just taken the second new ball. I had a really close lbw decision when I had scored about five. I knew I'd hit it but I didn't know that Robin Bailhache, the umpire, knew that I hit it. But thankfully he gave me not out.I went into lunch the next day at 99 not out and I was so happy to get a century with my parents and friends watching. He followed this in the next test with a knock of 28 (taking part in a 99 run partnership with Greg Chappell). "I value that 28 with Greg just as high as either of my test hundreds", said Cosier. "That sort of innings means something to the team. And to me." Cosier was taken to hospital after crashing into a boundary and knocking his head while fielding during South Australia's Gilette Cup semi-final loss to Queensland. He managed to recover and scored 94 and took 4-95 in a state game against Victoria.Against the West Indies for Australia in the fifth test he then scored 37 in the first innings. He injured his back during the game and did not bat in the second innings and was ruled out of the sixth test. Rick McCosker took his place. He recovered to help South Australia win the Sheffield Shield that year. 1976–77 vs Pakistan
Cosier made a slow start to the 1976–77 summer, and was lucky to keep his place in the test side against Pakistan. He also captained South Australia in a number of games. "I loved it", said Cosier."People said it affected my batting but that's crap." Cosier said his innings of 42 against a Queensland attack led by Jeff Thomson was his best ever for South Australia. In the first test he made 33 in the first innings and was not out for 25 in the second, when he and Rod Marsh famously refused to go for a victory. Cosier later said "there's no way that I have had any second thoughts about the way Rod or I batted in Adelaide... I loved it." Cosier was much criticised, including by Ian Chappell in an article in Cricketer magazine in January 1977 which stated:
I must confess I've still yet to be convinced that Cose is ready for test cricket. Last summer he earned his test place, and confirmed it with his century in Melbourne.But since then a question mark has arisen over his dedication to cricket, and also over his ability to play on wickets which are doing a bit. And he is definitely suspect outside his off stump. I'd like to see <mask> work harder at his game. He appears to be overweight and I wonder how hard he is prepared to work at his batting at this stage. Cosier responded with a first innings 168 in the second test, crucial to helping set up an Australian victory. Cosier said Chappell's article "was really the thing that spurred me on to prove him wrong. That article got me a century."In the third test he top scored in Australia's first innings with 50 but only scored 4 in the second as Australia fell to a defeat. In a February 1977 interview, Cosier admitted "I've got doubts about my own ability. I'm not convinced I"m a test batsman yet. I've got a long way to go... At the moment I'm playing one good innings and then three bad ones. I don't know why. Maybe I need to relax myself more of perhaps it's got something to do with attitude. All I know is I'm trying to work on it...I've heard about the things they say about me outside the off stump and to an extent I go along with them... I admit I'm a bit overweight." Tour of New Zealand
Cosier did not have a particularly memorable tour of New Zealand. In the first test he scored 23 and 2. In the second he made 21. However he did scored 93 off 92 balls against Northern Districts in a tour game. Centenary Test
Cosier kept his place for the Centenary Test.He scored 10 and 4. Cosier was also selected on the 1977 Ashes. During the game Cosier noticed Austin Robertson handing out brown envelopes to players. Cosier later recalled:
I was told he was handing out a few theatre tickets and I didn't suspect anything because he always looked after the boys. He was close to a number of players, obviously a lot closer than I understood at the time. I didn't have any hint that it wasn't him just organising something for the boys to go to that night. 1977 Ashes
A back injury got Cosier's tour off to a poor start, forcing him to miss a game.Things got worse when it was revealed most of the Australian squad had signed to play World Series Cricket. Only four had not been invited: <mask>, Geoff Dymock, Kim Hughes and Craig Serjeant. Cosier:
It was incredible really. In 1977, I flew over to England with the players and that was the flight on which Rodney Marsh broke the world beer drinking record. Three-quarters of the players on that flight had signed these sensational Packer contracts and they were all as drunk as you could imagine. But the secret still didn't get out. I sat beside Hookesy on the flight over and I had been best man at his wedding and not even he breathed a word of it to me... [After I found out] I went up and talked to Hookesy he said: "Sorry mate, I didn't know whether you had signed or not."Hookesy said he had wanted to tell me, but he just couldn't. Cosier said the revelations greatly affected the tour:
All of a sudden we had two Australian teams on one tour... I certainly felt excluded... At one stage in England I was waiting in a bar for my teammates to come downstairs, but because everyone was up the street with Packer, they never came... I was certainly disappointed to be left out. At that stage I think I had played nine Tests and was averaging 40 and you had other people who were barely Shield cricketers being called up by Packer. I didn't know the reasons why those guys were in it and I wasn't. That is always a question I will wonder about.I certainly kept being mates with Hookesy... It was a strange feeling. There were times when we were there to play for Australia and some blokes were off at a meeting about something else. There were times when there were arguments in the bar that got a lot louder than what they should have been. Cosier played in the second ODI, taking 5-18 with his medium pacers, but an Australian collapse meant they lost the game. Cosier did not play a test match on the tour, with David Hookes, Richie Robinson, Craig Serjeant and Kim Hughes all being preferred to him. Cosier:
I didn't play that well in stages of the tour and other players deserved a game.But we got to halfway through the tour and (captain) Greg Chappell came to me and said there was trouble at the top of the order and asked if I would like to open the batting in the county games. I did that and I was quite successful. I think at the end of the tour I finished about fifth in the batting averages. But that didn't seem to make any difference. I was the only one who didn't play a Test match. Cosier's highlights for the tour were 56 against Glamorgan, 56 against Warwickshire, and 100 against Nottinghamshire. World Series Cricket

1977–78 vs India
The World Series Cricket defections meant that Cosier was one of the few players left in Australian first class cricket with recent test experience.He received a lucrative offer to play for Queensland and moved to Brisbane at the beginning of the summer. A score of 55 runs off 50 balls against West Australia and 62 against South Australia helped ensure his selection for the first test. For the first test, Cosier was made opener, and scored 19 and 0. An injury meant he missed the second test, but he was back for the third, making 67 and 34, but being unable to prevent an Australian defeat. In the fourth test he made 17 and 68. For the fifth test <mask> was put down the order and scored 1 and 34. He also took some crucial catches to help Australia win.Cosier:
To be honest, I wasn't very smart about things. At that stage I was still averaging 40 after nine Tests or so and with the Packer players away, most of the other guys in the Aussie Test team were very new to the team. I thought it was up to me to compete with the Packer boys. When the Packer catchcry was "Lillee getting wickets and Hookesy clearing pickets" I felt that anyone who was coming to watch me play needed to be entertained. I probably played more aggressively than I should have. My feeling was I wanted to give the crowd something to look at when they came in the gates. I should have been more circumspect.In a lot of cases I was happy to get out for 30 or 40. But I felt we needed to compete with WSC boys. 1977–78 Tour of the West Indies
Cosier began the West Indies tour well. He scored 84 off 78 balls in the first one-day game. In the first test he made a courageous 46 in Australia's first innings of 90. In the second test he failed twice, making 1 and 8. But he scored 114 against Guyana in a tour game.The third test saw Cosier score 9 and 0. He broke a thumb against Windward Islands, could not bat in the second innings and did not play another game on tour. 1978–79 Ashes
Cosier began the next summer well with 94 against Victoria. He was picked for the first test against England, made vice captain to Graham Yallop. During the match it was announced he had signed a 10-year contract with a sporting ground developer worth $50,000 a year. Playing as opener again he made 1 and 0. The second test he was put down the order and made 4 and 47; the latter was Australia's second highest score of that innings but by then Cosier had been dropped for Allan Border.One Day Achievements
Cosier was kept on for the one day series that summer. He scored a lusty late innings 28 off 14 balls which helped Australia win the 4th IDO. He then took 3-22 in the next game and scored 8 not out, another Australian victory. 1979 World Cup
<mask> was selected in the Australia squad for the 1979 World Cup. Against England he scored 6 and took 0-24. Against Pakistan he took 3-54 and made a duck. Against Canada – the sole Australian victory – Cosier took 2-17.He was overlooked for the tour of India. Later career

1979–80
The readmission of WSC players in 1979–80 curtailed his opportunities at state level. He said, "I guess though you could honestly say the relationship between Greg (Chappell) and myself, when he came back from World Series Cricket, and all of a sudden I was playing in Queensland with him, was difficult for a little while." Cosier started the season well, at one stage averaging 71, but his form tapered off. He eventually returned to his native Melbourne where his first class career ended with two outings for Victoria in 1980–81. Cosier:
There are quite a few players like me who did really well early in their careers, but didn't consolidate later on. I guess it is like climbing the highest peak on your first climb – where do you go from there, where is the next peak?Players these days have a great support network around them to guide them through that sort of stuff. Post-playing career
For a number of years Cosier worked in indoor cricket. In the late 1980s he was a Victorian coach and selector. He lived in Tangier for three years and managed Abdur Rahman Bukhatir's cricket and golf interests. The North African nation boasts an eight-team national league, and proudly claims an indigenous-participation rate of 95%, and Cosier managed the national team, which is an ICC affiliate member. He returned to Australia and went into coaching and sports management. References

Notes
Beecher,Eric, "The Doubts About Cosier", Cricketer, February 1977 p .22-24, 50

External links
Business biography

1953 births
Living people
Australia Test cricketers
Australia One Day International cricketers
Cricketers at the 1979 Cricket World Cup
Victoria cricketers
South Australia cricketers
Queensland cricketers
Cricketers who made a century on Test debut
Australian cricketers

masks:
Gary John Cosier
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<mask> (born March 6, 1952, São Paulo) is a Brazilian architect and filmmaker best known for his work on private homes and retail design. The son of engineer <mask> (1924–1961), a designer and contractor of several major skyscrapers of 1950s–1960s São Paulo such as Edificio São Vito and Edificio Mirante do Vale, he graduated from the Mackenzie Presbyterian University School of Architecture and Urbanism in 1976. <mask>'s early career was split between cinema and architecture, usually in partnership with former Mackenzie classmate Isay Weinfeld. In 1988, the duo produced the feature film Fire and Passion, and, between 1995 and 2004, did 5 exhibitions together about architecture and humor. In 2001, Kogan's practice changed its name to Studio MK27 and has since gained greater international projection, with projects in Peru, Uruguay, Chile, the United States, Canada, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, India, Israel, and Indonesia. Its portfolio also includes interiors, product design, and furniture design. In 2012, Studio MK27 was selected to represent Brazil at the Venice Biennale of Architecture, exhibiting at the national pavilion curated by Lauro Cavalcanti, alongside an installation by Lúcio Costa.Kogan's projects are characterized by their high level of detail, formal simplicity, strong relations between inside and outside, focus on thermal comfort through passive sustainability, use of pure volumes, and the application of traditional elements such as mashrabiyas, as well as by functional internal plans. He favors the use of raw materials such as wood, concrete, and stone. Nearly all of his designs include references to Brazilian modern architecture, of which Kogan has long declared himself a great fan. In 2011, Kogan was named an Honorary Member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 2013, New York Times critic Paul Goldberger cited Kogan as one of the main references of Brazilian contemporary architecture. <mask> is a faculty member at Escola da Cidade and the Polytechnic University of Milan. His son, <mask>, is also an architect and architecture critic.Early work
During the first years of his career, the architectural projects were divided with <mask>'s dedication to film-making. Between 1973 and 1979 he produced – together with Isay Weinfeld – 13 short films in Super 8, winning numerous awards in national festivals. In 1983, the two made another short film, now in 35mm, “Idos com o Vento”, which received a prize at the Gramado Festival and at the Ibero-American Cine Huelva in Spain. Five years later, they launched their first and only long-feature, Fire and Passion (1988), with a star-filled cast that included Mira Haar, Cristina Mutarelli, Carlos Moreno, Rita Lee and Fernanda Montenegro. All of their film productions had a strong relation with humor, above all through visual jokes, expressed by the interaction of the characters and the scenario. In Architecture, the principal projects of the onset of his career were the buildings of his office in 1977 (located in São Paulo) – where he still maintains his activities – and Edificio Ljis (a 12-floor Residential building), finished in 1980. Other than there solo projects, he also did with Weinfeld the Goldfarb House in 1989, which brought references of Vila Arpel From the film My Uncle by Jacques Tati.The 1990s
During the 1990s, Kogan and Weinfeld designed the Metropolis Building (a residential tower in Morumbi), finished in 1996, and the Hotel Fasano, one of the most important luxury hotels in São Paulo, and headed by a traditional family of restaurateurs of the city. Construction of Fasano started in 1996 and was completed in 2003. The partnership in film-making opened for exhibits about architecture and humor. Among the individual architectural projects developed in the 1990s, the outstanding ones are the Larmod Store and the Uma Store in Vila Madalena. The projects explored the internal spatiality with large ceiling-heights and minimized the use of materials and colors, almost always done in white mortar. The 2000s
In 2001, <mask> <mask>'s office became more collaborative and also received a new name, Studio MK27. The work system adopted gave greater freedom as well as responsibility to the architects, who have also now become co-authors of the projects, signing together with Kogan.In this organization, the task division was minimized and each architect accompanied all of the phases of the project, from the briefing with the client until the project delivery. Already in this phase, the Gama Issa House (2002) was greatly published in international magazines. Highlights from these first years of Studio MK27 also include Coser Photographic Studio – built within an industrial warehouse in the Cambuci neighborhood of São Paulo – and the Microbiology Museum at the Butantan Institute in São Paulo – a retrofit of an older structure, transformed into a center for didactic activities. During the first decade of the 20th century, two of Studio MK27 houses won the Record House Award, promoted by the prestigious North-American magazine Architectural Record: the Du Plessis Home (2004), which does a re-reading of the traditional elements of Brazilian architecture, such as veranda, the mashrabiyas and the patio, and shortly thereafter BR House (2005). For Micasa VolB, Studio MK27 returns with humor in architecture, this time in a commentary in Brazilian modernism. The project of this furniture store-showroom was largely defined in discussion on the work-site. The traditional exposed concrete was done randomly, and building elements such as steel reinforcing bars were used as brises-soleil.Paraty House, concluded in 2009, received great attention from the specialized media, winning 10 international awards, including the Wallpaper* Design Award promoted to by the British magazine. The 2010s
This period is marked by the internationalization of Kogan's production and the diversification of the architectural programs. The ongoing projects include hotels in Portugal and Indonesia, and projects being concluded in Chile and Uruguay. In 2011, Kogan was selected to be an Honorary Member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), also given to another Brazilian, Angelo Bucci, that same year. For the Venice Biennale of Architecture in 2012, Studio MK27 produced a video installation representing fictional in the V4 House. The Brazilian Pavilion was greatly praised by the international media including the British paper “The Guardian” with the critic Steve Rose classifying the installation as the “highlight of the Biennale” and “great fun”. Furthermore, Studio MK27, during these last few years, began designing furniture, including fixtures, taps and a bathtub.Among the main international awards received recently, highlights include: Leaf Awards with the Punta Casa (2011) and the M&M House (2013), the Record House with Bahia House (2011) and the World Architecture Festival (WAF) with the Decameron Store (2011), Record Interiors with Studio SC (2012) and the International Design Award with the Redux House (2014). Studio R was selected in 2014 as a finalist in the Mies Crown Hall Americas Prize as one of the 36 projects built in America between 2000 and 2013. In 2014, Moleskine launched a supplement about Studio MK27 showing the quotidian in the office, sketches and their main inspirations. The book will be a part of the series “Inspiration and Process in Architecture”. Studio MK27
The office is comprised, besides <mask> Kogan, by Beatriz Meyer, Carlos Costa, Carolina Castroviejo, Constanza Cortes, Diana Radomysler, Eduardo Chalabi, Eduardo Glycerio, Elisa Friedman, Eline Ostyn, <mask>, Giovanni Meirelles, Lair Reis, Laura Guedes, Luciana Antunes, Márcio Tanaka, Maria Cristina Motta, Mariana Ruzante, Mariana Simas, Oswaldo Pessano, Pedro Ribeiro, Renata Furlanetto, Samanta Cafardo and Suzana Glokowski. Since 2001 Studio MK27 has won more than 200 Brazilian and international awards, as IAB-BR, WAF, Architectural Review, Dédalo Minosse, Record House, LEAF, D&AD, Sparks, Barbara Capochin, Icônico, AZ and Wallpaper Design Award. 2, with Isay Weinfeld, at the Brazilian House Museum, São Paulo
 Prostheses and Grafts (2010), São Paulo, at Micasa VolB, São Paulo
 Protesi & Innesti (2012) with Manoela Verga and Paolo Boatti, London
 Venice Biennale of Architecture, Brazilian Pavilion, Peep (2012), Venice

Sources

 MOLESKINE.<mask> <mask> - Studio MK27, Inspiration and Process in Architecture. Moleskine. 2014
 SERAPIÃO, Fernando. Revista Monolito, n.5 & 6. Editora Monolito. 2012. STUDIOMK27.2001-2011, Projetos Selecionados. Portfólio do escritório. 2011. External links
Official Web Site
Kogan intervém no “design da sobreviência”
<mask> Kogan - Residência, Paraty, RJ
Entrevista de Marcio Kogan para a Projeto Design

1952 births
Living people
Brazilian architects
People from São Paulo
Mackenzie Presbyterian University alumni

masks:
Marcio Kogan
Aron Kogan
Kogan
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Gabriel Kogan
Kogan
Marcio
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<mask> (; born 13 September 1979) is a Honduran footballer who currently plays for Olancho F.C. in the Honduran Liga Nacional de Ascenso as a midfielder. He is known for being a free-kick specialist and was an important key for the Honduras national football team. Club career

Early career
Nicknamed Rambo, he made his debut for C.D. Platense in 1996 against Real Maya of Tegucigalpa, scoring his first National Soccer League goal. His last goal in the Honduran National League was playing for Olimpia on 26 May 2001 against Club Broncos of Choluteca. Earning a good reputation in Honduras, <mask> moved abroad to Mexico's First Division, where he played for Atletico Celaya.After the season was over, Atletico Celaya did not renew his contract, so he returned to Honduras and became part of C.D. Olimpia of Tegucigalpa. Once he finished his one-year contract with Olimpia, he left for Uruguay where he played shortly for Deportivo Maldonado. Reggina
From there, <mask> moved to Reggina of Serie B in Italy. <mask> started off very well for his new club. With his goals and assists, 'Rambo' helped his team to regain a place in the Italy's Serie A. Once in the first division, <mask>'s participation was intermittent, partly due to the acquisition of the Japanese international Shunsuke Nakamura.<mask> was relegated to the bench, playing on and off as a substitute player. The following seasons in Italy proved to be frustrating for "Rambo". He was sent on loan back to Serie B where he played for a number of teams, including Fiorentina, Teramo and Catanzaro. His lack of playing time continued to such degree, that he was sent to the third division or Serie C1, where he played for Sambenedettese. In 2006, 'Rambo' was requested by coach Mazzarri to come back to Reggina Calcio. <mask> was given a new chance, and he took it. For a while <mask> was considered the team's most valuable player.Genoa
However, on 16 January 2007, <mask> was transferred by Reggina Calcio again, this time in a permanent deal to Genoa of Serie B, for €3.2 million, along with Filippo Carobbio (co-ownership), hoping that his services would help the team to regain a spot in the Serie A. The fans of Reggina disapproved of the sale of <mask>, in a time when the team really needed his talent. But the president of the team, Lillo Foti, justified the sale with economic reasons: "The offer was good and it was something that we could not refuse.". On 10 June 2007, <mask>'s new team, Genoa, did regain a spot in Serie A, tying at home with Napoli 0–0. After this, his last game of the season, and some subsequent celebrations, <mask> quickly traveled to Houston, Texas where the Honduran national team would play Cuba on 13 June 2007. He helped Honduras reach the quarter-finals of the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Parma
He was awarded the 'Player of the Season' award by Genoa.but eventually sold to Parma of Serie B, for €2.9 million,; Parma player Andrea Gasbarroni (€2M) and Magnus Troest (50% rights for €1.5M) moved to opposite side as part of the deal. His Genoa team-mate Alessandro Lucarelli (€1.2M) also joined the Emilia–Romagna side. He scored his first goal for the team on 28 November 2008 after a perfectly executed free kick to the corner. Then, he made his second and third goals against Grosseto on 14 February 2009 in Parma's 4–0 victory. He scored his fourth goal for the club on 17 March 2009 against A.C. Mantova in the 82nd minute to put Parma up 1–0 and eventually win the match. His fifth goal was a long-range free kick effort against Pisa F.C. to make the match 2–0 and almost guarantee promotion for Parma into Serie A of Italy.On 16 May 2009, <mask> <mask> celebrated the fifth promotion of his career, this time with Parma FC. He finished the season with a total of six goals and also contributed several assists, which proved vital for their return to Serie A. After having not played for Parma in the first two games, on 28 August 2009, he was loaned to Torino in the Serie B along with Manuel Coppola, as part of Nicola Amoruso deal. He missed the promotion playoffs of Toro due to international call-up. From Shandong Luneng to Messina to Real Sociedad
At the start of 2010–11 Serie A he was sold to Shandong Luneng for just €775. In the 2011–2012 season he has played for F.C. Motagua.In 2012, he played for Messina in the Italian Serie D and then moved to newly promoted C.D. Real Sociedad in Honduras. International career
<mask> played at the 1999 World Youth Cup and made his senior debut for Honduras in a May 1999 friendly match against Haiti. As of December 2012, he has earned a total of 83 caps, scoring 14 goals. He has represented his country in 34 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 2000, 2003 and 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cups.,

<mask> also competed for Honduras at the 1999 Pan American Games and 2000 Summer Olympics. and he also was part of the memorable squad in 2001 that defeated Brazil 2–0 and came third in the Copa América. On 20 August 2008 he scored an excellent goal against Mexico to make the score 1–0 for Honduras in the first half of the match, but this goal wasn't enough to draw Pável Pardo's two goals that he scored later in the game.However, shortly after, on October, 2008, 'Rambo' was excluded from the squad by head coach Reinaldo Rueda due to injury. <mask> <mask> announced he was returning to Italy shortly after arriving in Miami, Florida to join the National Team for the match against Canada. Upon arrival, he lashed out against the National Team for being malequipped to treat an injury that he had conjured in Italy. The coach had a discussion with him in the hotel and he was sent back on another plane shortly after. After long amounts of speculation, he returned to the squad in February, 2009 where he had not been reported to have any problems since. <mask> was originally named in the 23-men final 2010 FIFA World Cup squad, but on 15 June, one day before the opening match of Honduras, had to pull out due to injury and was replaced by Jerry Palacios, who he was given the opportunity to play alongside his two brothers. International goals
Scores and results list Honduras' goal tally first.Honours

Club
C.D. Platense
Honduran Cup (2): 1996, 1997

Shandong Taishan, Chinese super league champion 2010

Notes

References

External links
 Profile - FIFA

1979 births
Living people
People from Puerto Cortés
Association football midfielders
Honduran footballers
Honduras international footballers
2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2001 Copa América players
2003 UNCAF Nations Cup players
2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Olympic footballers of Honduras
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games medalists in football
Pan American Games silver medalists for Honduras
Footballers at the 1999 Pan American Games
Platense F.C. players
C.D. Olimpia players
Deportivo Maldonado players
Reggina 1914 players
ACF Fiorentina players
U.S. Catanzaro 1929 players
S.S. Sambenedettese Calcio players
U.S. Avellino 1912 players
S.S. Teramo Calcio players
Genoa C.F.C. players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
Torino F.C. players
Shandong Taishan F.C. players
F.C.Motagua players
C.D. Real Sociedad players
A.C.R. Messina players
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras players
Honduran Liga Nacional de Ascenso players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Chinese Super League players
Honduran expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Mexico
Expatriate footballers in Uruguay
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Honduran expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate footballers in China
National Premier Soccer League players
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games

masks:
Julio César de León Dailey
de León
de León
De León
de León
De León
De León
de León
De León
de León
de León
de León
Julio César
de León
De León
De León
Julio César
de León
De León


text_chunks:
<mask> (October 8, 1892 – March 27, 1981) was an American historian. He was a professor of history at Stanford University for thirty-four years, and was one of the leading American authorities on the history of the British Labour Party. His books, British Labour's Rise to Power (1941) and The British Labour Party (1964), are regarded as definitive works in this field. He built the Hoover Institution's collection of Labour Party documents, long recognized as the finest collection outside of the United Kingdom. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Greenfield, Indiana. He was the only child of <mask>, a glass worker, and <mask>, a homemaker, musician and artist, whose name reflected her family's admiration of General John C<mask> and his wife, Jessie. The first member of his family to go to college, <mask> received a degree from Indiana University Bloomington in 1915, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.Although he majored in history, he was a teaching assistant in music during his senior year. He served as director of the Marching Hundred, the famous Big Ten marching band, in which he played the clarinet. In 1914 he became Chief Musician, with the rank of sergeant, when the band was mustered into the Indiana National Guard. In 1916 the band, including <mask>, was sent to the Mexican Border following Pancho Villa's raid. <mask> earned a master's degree in 1916. His thesis, "The Know-Nothing Party in Indiana," was later published serially in the Indiana Magazine of History (1922), and is still cited by scholars today. After teaching high school for a year, he began to study for a Ph.D in English history at Harvard University under Professor C. H. McIlwain.He also studied with <mask> Turner, Sidney B. Wayne, Robert Howard Lord, and Harold Laski. After teaching at Smith College he traveled to Europe to research his dissertation, The Movement for Parliamentary Reform in England 1832-67 (1923) at the British Museum and the London School of Economics. In London he met and was influenced by R. H. Tawney, and Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, as well as, once again, Harold Laski, who had returned to London after having been dismissed from Harvard for supporting the Boston Police Strike. For three years <mask> was an instructor in English history at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. In 1924 he became an assistant professor at Stanford teaching English history, then an associate professor in 1930 and a professor in 1940. He retired from Stanford in 1958, after thirty-four years. He was proud that he had taught at Stanford for half of its existence.Oriental rug collection
On a month-long visit to Istanbul in 1928, <mask> began what was to become a lifelong collection of oriental rugs. While exploring the bazaar, he made the fortuitous acquaintance of Rudolf Riefstahl, the American pioneer in the appreciation of Turkish and Persian rugs for their artistic value. Also advised by another early American expert, Arthur Upham Pope, <mask> concentrated on Turkish and Persian, as well as Caucasian and Turkmen carpets, handmade before the use of aniline dyes. He eventually acquired a collection of many dozens at its greatest extent. Large bales purchased for relatively small amounts of money would arrive in California still redolent of the camels that had transported them in Persia and Turkey. One noteworthy prayer rug from Dagestan had a woven-in date equivalent to 1814/15 AD. Rare embroidered Uzbekistan Susanis made by young girls for their bridal chests have appreciated greatly in value.Personal life
In 1930 <mask> was married to Nan Alwida Surface, the daughter of Dr. <mask>. Surface, a director under Herbert Hoover in the Department of Commerce, and later an executive with Standard Oil of New Jersey (now part of ExxonMobil). The <mask>s had three sons, Charles in 1932, Robert in 1934, and Donald in 1937. During World War II, the family sent some 1,600 bundles of food and clothing, collected from students and friends, to Britain over six years. Their home near the Stanford campus became known as a center of hospitality for holiday parties. Great effort was put into the creation of a locally famous garden, noted especially for its roses. Many years later the property was sold to the physicist Edward Teller. Professor <mask> died at Stanford University Hospital in 1981 after a brief illness.He was 88 years old. Selected bibliography

"The History of the Know Nothing Party in Indiana," The Indiana Magazine of History (1922) 18: 47-81, 177-206, 266-306. JSTOR

"The Conversion of the British Trade-Unions to Political Action," The American Historical Review (1925) 30: 251-270.  http://ahr.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year

"Peace Programmes of the British Labor Party," (Also known as "The War Aims and Peace Programs of British Labor"), Proceedings of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association January 1926: 62-72. "An Early Nineteenth Century View of Magna Carta," The American Historical Review (1927) 32: 793-794.  http://ahr.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year

"British Labor and the War-Time Coalitions," The American Historical Review (April 1930) 35: 522-541.  http://ahr.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year

"The Reaction of British Labor to the Polices of President Wilson During the World War," The American Historical Review (January 1933) 38: 263-285. http://ahr.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year

"British Labour and the International during the World War," Journal of Modern History (March 1936) 8: 40-63. JSTOR

"The Attitude of British Labor Toward President Wilson During the Peace Conference," The American Historical Review (January 1937) 42: 244-255. http://ahr.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year

British Labor's Rise to Power: Eight Studies, The Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace, Publication No. 17. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1941.)305 pp. "British Labor and Soviet Russia," The South Atlantic Quarterly 48 (1949), 329-340. "Democracy in Great Britain," Pacific Historical Review 19 (May 1950) 113-126. Presidential Address to the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association, read at Mills College, December 1949. Reprinted, without notes, in R.L.Schuyler and H. Ausubel, ed., The Making of English History (New York, The Dryden Press, 1952), 677-686. "The British General Election of 1950," The South Atlantic Quarterly 50 (1951), 478-498. "The British General Election of 1951," The South Atlantic Quarterly 52 (1953), 29-53."Britain's Solution of the Problem of Empire," The South Atlantic Quarterly 53 (1954), 313-326. "British Conservatism and Social Politics," The South Atlantic Quarterly 54 (1955), 11-28. "The British General Election of 1955," The South Atlantic Quarterly 55 (1956), 289-312. "The British Labor Party and Nationalization," The South Atlantic Quarterly 58 (1959), 153-166. "The British General Election of 1959," The South Atlantic Quarterly 59 (1960), 521-542. The British Labour Party: A Short History. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1964.340 pp. Revised Ed. (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1974), 424 pp. "The British General Election of 1964," The South Atlantic Quarterly 64 (1965), 332-350. "The British General Election of 1966," The South Atlantic Quarterly 66 (1967), 129-147. "The British General Election of 1970," The South Atlantic Quarterly 70 (1971), 350-364. Notes

References

"<mask>, Stanford Professor, Authority on British Labor," Obituary.New York Times, March 27, 1981, accessed January 19, 2014. "Guide to the Carl F. <mask> Papers in the Stanford University Library (20 linear feet)." Online Archive of California, an initiative of the California Digital Library. Copyright 2009 The Regents of the University of California, accessed January 19, 2014. http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt7r29s0wc/

Snyder, Rixford K., et al. "Memorial Resolution: <mask> <mask> (1892-1981), History Department, Stanford University, accessed January 19, 2014.  https://web.archive.org/web/20110727044118/http://histsoc.stanford.edu/pdfmem/BrandC.pdf

External links

1892 births
1981 deaths
Stanford University faculty
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Smith College faculty
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
University of Michigan faculty
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
Carl Fremont Brand
Brand
Charles Samuel Brand
Jessie Fremont Davis
. Fremont
Carl
Carl
Career Brand
Frederick Jackson
Brand
Brand
Brand
Brand
Frank M
Brand
Brand
Carl Brand
Brand
Carl Fremont
Brand


text_chunks:
<mask><mask> (April 22, 1932 – July 2, 2019) was an American-born Canadian musician, composer, and educator. Life and career
<mask>'s musical career began in Chicago as a jazz musician (1944–49). He graduated from the University of Illinois (1954) with a degree in percussion performance and composition, including studies with Darius Milhaud at the Aspen Festival and Lukas Foss at Tanglewood. He served two years as timpanist in the Seventh Army Symphony in Stuttgart, Germany, and then spent eleven years supporting his composition activities as a free-lance percussionist in New York City where his performance experiences included such varied groups as the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, The Metropolitan Opera, Dizzy Gillespie, the Modern Jazz Recording Orchestra's Stravinsky Conducts Stravinsky series, and numerous ballet, opera and jazz ensembles. He organized the percussion sections for Gunther Schuller's recordings and concerts, as well as for recordings and premieres of new works by John Cage, Elliott Carter, Edgard Varèse and Harry Partch. During his New York period, he continued to study composition with Wallingford Riegger (1958) and Ben Weber (1958–60). <mask> received commissions from the New York Philharmonic and The Boston Symphony (twice), as well as the orchestras of Minnesota, Detroit, San Francisco, St.Louis, Pittsburgh, Washington, Toronto (twice), the National Arts Centre Orchestra (twice), The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the Lincoln Center Chamber Music Society, the Manhattan and Muir String Quartets, the Brighton Festival in England, the Fromm and Ford Foundations, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and numerous other orchestras, chamber groups, choral groups and soloists.He won the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his symphonic piece Déjà vu, which was commissioned and premiered by the New York Philharmonic. In addition, he received an Emmy Award in 1982 for a PBS documentary Soundings: The Music of <mask>. Other awards include two Guggenheim Fellowships, a Rockefeller Grant, First Prize in the Barlow and Sudler International Wind Ensemble Competitions, and the 1988 Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music. Among recent works are Crossworlds (2002) for flute, piano and orchestra commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra and premiered with soloists Marina Piccinini and Andreas Heafliger. In 2003 he conducted the premiere of his new chamber orchestra version of the Bach-Goldberg Variations with members of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. Most recent premieres are Side by Side (2007) for harpsichord, altered piano (one player) and orchestra, commissioned by the Esprit Orchestra, The Boston Modern Orchestra Project and The Richmond Symphony featuring soloist Joanne Kong. The Toronto premiere took place on 13 May 2007 under conductor Alex Pauk, and the Boston premiere on 2 November 2007 under Gil Rose.Also Pan Trio, for steel drums, harp and percussion (marimba/vibraphone), commissioned and premiered in Toronto on 21 May 2008 by Soundstreams Canada and featuring pans virtuoso Liam Teague. His work is also featured on the Mark Hetzler 2015 recording Blues, Ballads and Beyond. Recently, he devised a system of teaching music creativity to children which he has taught to middle and high school music teachers who have used his techniques to teach children to write and perform new music of their own. His articles on these activities have appeared in the Music Educators Journal (September 2004) and Adultita, an Italian education magazine. He has also written a number of works for children to perform. As an author, <mask> wrote My Lessons with Kumi, a narrative/exercise book, outlining his techniques for performance and creativity. He also gives workshops throughout the world on the psychology and technique of performance.He performed with the ensemble of Harry Partch. <mask> lived in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and made his living internationally as a composer. His wife, Ulla, is a journalist and editor who writes about music and the arts, and his son Neal is an editor, journalist and screenwriter. He was an associate composer of the Canadian Music Centre. He died on July 2, 2019, at the age of 87. Interview with <mask>, December 17, 1986

1932 births
2019 deaths
Musicians from Chicago
Musicians from Toronto
Aspen Music Festival and School alumni
Jules Léger Prize for New Chamber Music winners
Canadian classical composers
Pulitzer Prize for Music winners
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign School of Music alumni
Pupils of Darius Milhaud
20th-century classical composers
21st-century American composers
21st-century classical composers
20th-century American composers

masks:
Michael C
. Colgrass
Colgrass
Colgrass
Michael Colgrass
Colgrass
Colgrass
Michael Colgrass


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1964) is a Ghanaian-Russian photographer based in London, England. Her work documents the lives of black people from across the African Diaspora. Her work strives to display and celebrate the normal, the vibrant and the subtle nuances of each of these people lives that she encounters. <mask> works as a photojournalist and editorial photographer for various fashion magazines and record labels all over the world, as well as her independent artistic practice. Her monograph with Bierke Verlag was included in the "Best Photo Books 2016" list of The New York Times. Early life

Childhood
<mask> was born in Bulgaria but grew up in Eastern Europe and Germany. Her father was Ghanaian and she was raised by her Russian mother.She says that she is "a product of Migration". She lived in West Germany for three months with her mother on a tourist visa before it expired; then they lived as illegal immigrants. <mask> spent most of her days on the streets unable to go to school due to her status. This was when her initial encounters with strangers occurred; "What I most remember about this time is the pleasure I got from meeting strangers on the street, I think this has affected me as a photographer in a big way." Introduction to photography
In 1985 she got her first camera and began taking photos during a trip to New York City. During this trip, she stayed with a Russian family in a black neighbourhood in Brooklyn. In an interview with The Fader, she said: "I'd never been in a black neighbourhood before and I didn't take any pictures then.But my memory of what I saw made me want to start taking pictures." This began her journey to take and compile photographs of weddings, parties, church and everyday life. In an interview with i-D Magazine, <mask> explained that she got into photography because she "wanted to record the normality of black lives and black culture, which is something that isn't often reflected in the mainstream media." For her, photography was a way of gaining access to people and spaces that sparked her curiosity. The goal of her work is to move beyond stereotypes of black people and represent each person as a unique individual. <mask> received her MA in Photography from the Royal College of Art in London and has taught at the London College of Communication. Career
<mask> has spent the past 30 years photographing the diverse experience of black people across the globe.For the majority of her recent career, she has been focused on representing black people in South London. Artistic practice
Photography is a very personal act for <mask>ur. She has a collaborative attitude toward her work and makes close connections with her subjects as a way of respecting the vulnerability they show by letting her into their spaces. This process gives a sense of intimacy to her photographs. The photographs have an unfinished quality to them. Though some photos are posed, the attention <mask>ur pays to each individual’s sense of self presentation lends an element of authenticity to the work. In an interview with The Photographers' Gallery she described this need to represent the personal style and the people she is capturing: "This way I believe photography can show us something very unique and still familiar."Ideology
<mask> is committed to consistently photographing black people globally, and noticing the diverse aesthetics in these communities. When asked if she considered her work to be political, she responded: "I take what I do very seriously, but I wouldn't necessarily have called it political unless you asked me that question. My work's political in the sense that it's about communicating, about being able to understand people's struggles, to learn how we can live together." <mask>'s work focuses on themes of self-presentation and issues of representation. The photographs are taken in public spaces in an endeavour to capture moments; to connect, see, hear and photograph with authenticity. In taking the photo she is establishing their presence. These brief encounters are prompted by style, flamboyance and body language of people who catch her attention.Exhibitions
Brooklyn Museum, New York: <mask> Artur: Dusha (3 May-18 August 2019)
This solo exhibition, curated by Drew Sawyer, featured material from the Black Balloon Archive, including the artist's photo sketchbooks. The term Dusha is the Russian word for "soul." David Nolan Gallery, New York: This Synthetic Moment (18 January–10 March 2018)

Curated by David Hartt, this exhibition also included work by James Barnor, Kwame Brathwaite, David Hartt, Zoe Leonard, and Christopher Williams. The show focused on themes of national identity, border crossing, transition and how we view each other in the public sphere. Lothringer 13 Halle, Munich: A Thousand and X Little Actions (10 October–21 November 2016)

In this exhibition, Johnson Artur’s Black Balloon Archive was shown for the first time. She was included in this show because of her focus and curiosity towards the lives of others, and her exploration of relationships between human beings. The show was curated by Jörg Koopmann and also included artists Jacob Holdt, David Hartt, William E. Jones, and Jason Larkin.Kunstverein, Leipzig: 1.-3.Personal plural: wir, ihr, sie (20 August–6 September 2016)

Thirteen of <mask>ur’s photographs were included in this exhibition curated by Anna Voyswinckel. The themes explored included border crossing, personal and community identity, Othering, and the relationship between artist and viewer. The Photographer's Gallery, London: Made You Look: Dandyism and Black Masculinity (15 July–25 September 2016)

Twelve of <mask> Artur’s photographs from the Black Balloon Archive were included in this group photography exhibition, curated by Ekow Eshun. Among other artists included in the exhibition were Malick Sidibé, Jeffrey Henson Scales, and Samuel Fosso. The theme of the show was to explore the complications of the identity of the black dandy, how these men are trendsetters in many media realms while also at a high degree of vulnerability and at risk of state violence and incarceration. Editorial and commercial work
<mask> <mask> has worked for the last 30 years as a freelance editorial and commercial photographer on countless publications, including Vibe Magazine, Fader, i-D Magazine, and Spin Magazine. She has said that working commercially has provided her with opportunities photograph people and places relevant to her own artistic practice that she would not have had access to otherwise to.She has photographed the likes of Mos Def, Blur, Amy Winehouse, the Spice Girls and toured with  M.I.A, Lady Gaga, and Seun Kuti. Other projects

Black Balloon Archive

Consisting of hundreds of gelatin silver prints and chromogenic prints, Black Balloon Archive is an archive of images that reflect black communities and their members globally. It began in 1991 and is an ongoing project that involves a desire to create powerful images of the black diaspora and is motivated by a hunger to make connections with communities which, until her mid twenties, she barely knew existed. The name Black Balloon Archive comes from a song by Syl <mask> called "Black Balloons". Black Balloon Archive is a project whose goal is to show respect to her subject’s ability to control how they are presented in their own lives by honestly representing that image. In a media climate that often dehumanizes black people and uses their images in unethical ways, Artur’s body of work is especially important as she focuses on her subjects’ ability to self-determine how they present and are seen by the viewer. The artist explained to i-D magazine that "there's a sense of pride in how people display themselves.It's why I like street portraits, because I think there's a real presence that everyone has." Russians of Colour

Inspired by reconnecting with her father in 2010, <mask> began documenting the stories of "Russians of Colour". Working in conjunction with journalist Sarah Bentley, the project focuses on black Russians who have grown up without either or both of their parents and who collectively describe themselves as Afro-Russians. Publications
In 2016, <mask> <mask>, a monograph on the artist, was published by Bierke Verlag. This is the first comprehensive overview of her work which captures more than 30 years of photographing strangers globally. This cloth hardcover book was designed by Hendrik Schwantes and is 22x27cm, 136 pages with 114 colour & black and white images. Awards
AIMIA AGO Prize

<mask> <mask> was a nominee for the 2017 AIMIA AGO Prize alongside Raymond Boisjoly, Taisuke Koyama, and Hank Willis Thomas.She received a prize for her place on the shortlist. During this competition the Black Balloon Archive was displayed at the Art Gallery of Ontario alongside sketchbooks and two larger prints. Press
 "Hunger and Black Balloons: An Interview with <mask> Artur", Canadian Art, 18 April 2016. Brief Encounters: An interview with <mask>-Artur, The Photography Gallery, 17 August 2016.
 liz johnson-artur’s photos celebrate black communities, black aesthetics, and black creativity, i-D Magazine, 29 September 2016
 Photographer <mask> Artur On Capturing Beautiful Moments Of Everyday Black Life Around The World, The FADER, 28 November 2016. Yasufumi Nakamori, <mask> Artur, A Conversation from South London, Camera Austria International 149 | 2020

References

External links
 Official website
 #1 Shirley: Black Balloon Archive. An Audiovisual Collection with Jenny Gallego

1964 births
Russian people of Ghanaian descent
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
English contemporary artists
Photographers from London
Living people
Russian artists
Street photographers
Russian women photographers

masks:
Liz Johnson Artur
Johnson Artur
Liz Johnson Artur
Johnson Artur
Johnson Artur
Johnson Artur
Johnson Artur
Johnson Art
Johnson Art
Johnson Artur
Johnson Artur
Liz Johnson
Johnson Art
Johnson
Liz Johnson
Artur
Johnson
Johnson Artur
Liz Johnson
Artur
Liz Johnson
Artur
Liz Johnson
Liz Johnson
Liz Johnson
Liz Johnson