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<mask> (born October 23, 1987) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played in MLB for the Minnesota Twins and Texas Rangers. Early life
<mask> was born on October 23, 1987, in Greenfield, Indiana, to Harold and <mask>. He has a sister named Holly. Between his freshman and sophomore year of high school, <mask> transferred from Cathedral High School in Indianapolis to Greenfield-Central High School; as a result, the Indiana High School Athletic Association (IHSAA) ruled that he could not play for Greenfield-Central's high school baseball team for one season. During his junior year, he was 7–2 and led the Cougars to a sectional championship and to the regional finals. In his senior year, he was 8–6 with a 0.98 ERA and 140 strikeouts.He led Greenfield to the Elite Eight by pitching all of his team's tournament games. He was named the Hancock County Player of the Year after his senior year. He was also named to the Indianapolis Star All-East team in both his junior and senior years. After his senior year, he was named All-East Player of the Year and made the Indiana All-Star Team. College career
The Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB) selected <mask> in the 36th round of the 2006 MLB Draft, but he chose not to sign. Instead, he opted to play college baseball for the Missouri Tigers, serving as the No. 2 starter behind Aaron Crow.In 2007, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Professional career

Minor league career
Despite worries that a stress fracture to his elbow would negatively impact his chances in the 2009 MLB Draft, the Minnesota Twins selected <mask> in the first round, 22nd overall after receiving the all-clear from the team's doctor. Negotiations for <mask>'s signing bonus forced his decision to sign with the team into the final hour before the August 16 deadline, with <mask> ultimately agreeing to sign with the team for a bonus of $1.85 million. The stress fracture pushed <mask>'s professional baseball debut back to the beginning of the 2010 season, when he was assigned to the Class A-Advanced Fort Myers Miracle of the Florida State League. In seven starts with Fort Myers, <mask> posted a 4–1 record and a 1.87 ERA, striking out 40 batters in  innings of work. <mask>'s stint with the Miracle was short-lived: on May 11, he was promoted to the Double-A New Britain Rock Cats in order to clear room on the Fort Myers 25-man roster for new pitchers Loek van Mil and Andrei Lobanov. After winning his first three Double-A starts and building a strikeout-to-walk ratio of 3.17 in his first month and a half with his new team, <mask> was one of three Rock Cats players selected to appear at the 2010 Eastern League All-Star Game that July.<mask> put up a 7–5 record at New Britain, with a 3.68 ERA in 16 starts and 77 strikeouts in 93 innings, before he received another promotion to the Triple-A Rochester Red Wings on August 11. He had been called up to replace Jeff Manship, who had been promoted to the major leagues as a fill-in for the injured Jose Mijares. Twins minor league director Jim Rantz informed reporters that there was no intention of promoting <mask> beyond Rochester during the 2010 season, as the team wanted to shut him down after 150–160 innings, and he had already pitched  between Fort Myers and New Britain. He was shut down on August 25 in order to preserve his forearm for future seasons. At the time, <mask> had gone 0–0 with a 1.72 ERA in three Triple-A starts, giving him a combined 11–6 record and 2.96 ERA for the year. He had pitched a total of 152 innings, with 126 strikeouts and 39 walks, and had been placed on the disabled list with a sprained ankle. Going into the 2011 season as Baseball Americas top-ranked prospect with in the Twins organization, <mask> received an invitation to spring training.He was assigned to Rochester for the season, where he seemed to experience a sophomore slump: <mask> did not win a game for the Red Wings after May 29, and was 3–8 with a 4.81 ERA when he was placed on the disabled list at the start of August with an elbow injury. After a non-surgical rehabilitation program did not improve his health, <mask> underwent Tommy John surgery to repair his ulnar collateral ligament. He returned to the mound in 2012, pitching a series of rehab assignments for the Twins' lower-level affiliates before returning to Rochester on August 22, 2012, for the final two weeks of the International League season. In two starts at the end of the season, <mask> went 0–2 with a 9.45 ERA, striking out 10 batters in  innings. He continued his rehabilitation process in the Arizona Fall League, where he finished 3–2 with a 5.40 ERA, striking out 28 batters and allowing 31 hits in  innings. <mask> opened the 2013 season in Rochester, with Twins management anticipating that he would make his MLB debut sometime that season. Minnesota Twins
The Twins called <mask> up to the major leagues on June 25, 2013, after starting pitcher Mike Pelfrey suffered a back injury that placed him on the disabled list.At the time, he was the ninth pitcher to start a game for Minnesota during the 2013 MLB season, and his promotion offered a path to remain in the majors for the remainder of the year. <mask> was credited with the win in his MLB debut, allowing two runs and eight hits while striking out five batters in six innings on June 29. The Twins defeated the Kansas City Royals 6–2. His success did not continue past that debut, as <mask> struggled to strike out batters in his future starts. After posting a 2–4 record and a 6.53 ERA with 29 strikeouts in 10 starts and 51 innings, <mask> was optioned back to Rochester on August 19. In his final major league start of the season, he gave up four runs on 10 hits in only  innings. While he was sent back to Triple A to work on his pitch command, Twins manager Ron Gardenhire took the time to analyze how many innings <mask> had already pitched and to develop a plan for the remainder of the season.He was shut down for the season on September 2, after pitching a combined  innings between Rochester and Minnesota, with the expectation that he would compete for a Twins starting rotation position the following spring. The Twins spent the 2013–14 offseason retooling their pitching rotation, spending approximately $84 million on signing new pitchers during the free agency period and giving <mask> an upwards battle for a major league position on opening day. He proceeded to outbattle Scott Diamond, Vance Worley, and Samuel Deduno during spring training, posting a 2.70 ERA in four starts. <mask> was named the No. 5 starter, while Deduno was sent to the bullpen and Worley was sent to Rochester. He emerged as an early ace, posting an ERA of only 0.93 after his first three starts, including a scoreless eight-inning performance against the Toronto Blue Jays in  weather. He did not allow a home run in a game until May 10, when he gave up a three-run home run to Miguel Cabrera of the Detroit Tigers; <mask> lasted only two innings in that game, giving up six runs in the process.<mask> recorded his first MLB hit as a batter on June 2, a fifth-inning single against Matt Garza in a 6–2 loss to the Milwaukee Brewers. <mask> remained in the rotation for the season, finishing with a 13–12 record and a 4.47 ERA in 31 starts. He additionally struck out 107 batters in  innings. He led the team in innings, in wins and bettered his ERA from 4.47 to 3.84 in 2015. <mask> opened the 2016 season as the Twins' No. 2 starter, behind ace Ervin Santana. Both pitchers were placed on the 15-day disabled list on April 26, Santana with a lower back strain and <mask> with a right shoulder strain.He was meant to return on June 2, but began to experience back pain during his rehab assignment and had to be scratched from his scheduled start. <mask> was reinstated to the active roster on June 10, and he picked up his first win of the season on June 28, pitching seven innings of the Twins' 4–0 shutout against the Chicago White Sox. After struggling with stamina in a stretch of seven starts, <mask> pitched his first complete game victory on August 17, giving up only three runs on eight hits in a 10–3 victory over the Atlanta Braves. Because the Twins were playing a National League team at their home, <mask> also needed to bat in the game, and he became the first Minnesota pitcher to make five plate appearances in a game since Johan Santana in 2007. He went 6–11 for the year, with a 5.07 ERA and 104 strikeouts in 25 starts and  innings. After a difficult start to the 2017 season, going 0–4 with an 8.20 ERA in his first six starts, <mask> was optioned to Rochester on May 4. <mask> understood why he was sent down, telling reporters, "I don't know that I've had a more frustrating stretch that I can even remember" during his baseball career.His minor-league stint was short-lived, as an injury to Phil Hughes forced the Twins to call <mask> back up on May 22. He continued to struggle in Minnesota, and when the Twins received former Braves pitcher Jaime Garcia at the trading deadline, <mask> was optioned to Rochester for a second time to make room for Garcia in the rotation. Twins manager Paul Molitor said that the decision to send <mask> to Triple-A would keep him available should there be an issue in the Twins' rotation; if he had been sent to the bullpen, he could not be asked to make a start as easily. He compiled the same ERA in 2017, but with 12 wins, and hitters again hit over .290 against him. In 2018, he entered the Twins’ rotation again and started achieving a career-high strikeout rate than before — as of June 2018, he had struck out 66 batters in just 63 innings. <mask> finished the season with a record of 10–13 in  innings. He led the team in ERA, finishing with a 3.62 ERA and a career high 179 strikeouts.He slotted 2nd in the Twins rotation in 2019. <mask>'s K/9 rose to a career high 9 despite registering an ERA of 4.84 in 160 innings. <mask> tied a career high in wins with 13. Texas Rangers
A free agent after the 2019 season, <mask> signed a three-year, $28 million contract with the Texas Rangers on December 6, 2019. Because of his ulcerative colitis diagnosis, <mask> was considered "high risk" for COVID-19, and was given the option to opt out of the 2020 MLB season while receiving a full pro-rated salary. After discussion with his wife and gastroenterologist, he decided to play the season and limit his non-baseball outings. The 60-game season was ultimately the worst of <mask>'s career as he went 2–6 with a 5.35 ERA, a 1.53 WHIP, and a 5.39 fielding independent pitching (FIP).After picking up his first win of the season on August 15, <mask> did not win again until he pitched a complete game shutout against the Houston Astros on September 17. Prior to the shutout, the Rangers staff had isolated a mechanical issue when <mask> was pitching from the stretch, which he responded to by narrowing his stance. <mask> and the rest of the Rangers' starting rotation remained healthy throughout the shortened season, but saw low inning counts: <mask> was second on the team with  innings pitched, while his rotation mate Lance Lynn led MLB with 84. <mask> was tapped for his first career opening day start in , where he was pulled after only one out after giving up five earned runs to the Kansas City Royals and briefly lifting his ERA to 135.00. His opening day outing proved to be a fluke, as <mask>'s ERA over his next five starts was only 0.82, and he did not allow a single home run in the month of April. After leading the AL with a 1.98 ERA and a 6–0 record through his first 16 starts, <mask> received his first All-Star Game selection in 2021, joining his Rangers teammates Joey Gallo and Adolis Garcia. Philadelphia Phillies
On July 30, 2021, <mask> was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies along with Ian Kennedy, Hans Crouse, and cash considerations in exchange for Spencer Howard, Kevin Gowdy, and Josh Gessner.He recorded his 1,000th career strikeout in his Phillies debut on August 1, fanning Michael Pérez of the Pittsburgh Pirates in the fifth inning of a 15–4 Phillies rout. Pitcher profile
<mask> carries a six-pitch repertoire consisting of a sinking fastball, a slider, a cut fastball, a four-seam fastball, a changeup, and a curveball. Boasting a fastball speed of only , rather than pitching for power, he aims to confuse his opponents by getting them to chase balls outside of the strike zone. His sinker is his primary pitch, with an average velocity of . Both the slider and the cutter act as off-speed pitches that feint to <mask>'s glove side, but at , the cutter is much faster than his  slider. His  changeup breaks to the opposite side of the former two pitches, while the  curveball serves as a surprise from the other five. This expanded repertoire has made <mask> an unpredictable pitcher to face; whereas, early in his career, batters knew how to hit well against him, he has improved at generating strikeouts, particularly with use of his slider.Personal life
<mask> married Elizabeth Straatmann on November 27, 2010. The couple have three children together, with the youngest born in September 2019. <mask> identifies as a Christian, and grew up attending a Southern Baptist church in Indiana. References

External links

Missouri Tigers bio

1987 births
Living people
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from Indiana
Falmouth Commodores players
Fort Myers Miracle players
Gulf Coast Twins players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Minnesota Twins players
Missouri Tigers baseball players
New Britain Rock Cats players
People from Greenfield, Indiana
Peoria Javelinas players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Rochester Red Wings players
Texas Rangers players
Christians from Indiana

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Theodore Roosevelt "Double Duty" <mask> (July 7, 1902 – August 11, 2005) was a professional baseball player in the Negro leagues. An accomplished two-way player, he played as a pitcher and a catcher, became a manager, and in his old age became a popular ambassador for the game. He is one of only a handful of professional baseball players who lived past their 100th birthdays, next to Red Hoff (who lived to 107) and fellow Negro leaguer Silas Simmons (who lived to age 103). Newspaperman Damon Runyon coined the nickname "Double Duty" because <mask> played as a catcher and as a pitcher in the successive games of a 1932 doubleheader between the Pittsburgh Crawfords and the New York Black Yankees. In the first of the two games at Yankee Stadium, <mask> caught the pitcher Satchel Paige for a shutout and then pitched a shutout in the second game. Runyon wrote that <mask> "was worth the price of two admissions." <mask> considered his year with the 1932 Pittsburgh Crawfords to be one of the highlights of his career.Of the six East-West All-Star Games in which he played, <mask> pitched in three and was a catcher in three. He also pitched in two and caught in six other All-Star games. He hit .376 (11-for-29) in nine exhibition games against major leaguers. Career

Early life
<mask> grew up in Mobile, Alabama as one of ten children. His brother <mask> also achieved renown as a ballplayer playing third base. The boys played baseball using a taped ball of rags with their friends including future Negro league All-Star ballplayers Leroy "Satchel" Paige and Bobby Robinson. In 1919, teenagers <mask> and Alex hitchhiked north to Chicago to join an older brother.The rest of the family soon followed to live on the South Side of Chicago. A year later <mask> signed on with the semi-pro Illinois Giants at $50 for every 15 games and 50¢ a day for meal money. This worked out at about $100 a month. He travelled with the Giants for a few seasons before joining Gilkerson's Union Giants, another semi-pro team with whom he played until he entered the Negro National League with the Detroit Stars in 1928. Pro ball
After a brief tenure with the Detroit Stars, <mask> played for the St. Louis Stars (1930), Homestead Grays (1931), Pittsburgh Crawfords (1932), Columbus Blue Birds (1933), New York Black Yankees, Brooklyn Eagles, Cincinnati Tigers, Memphis Red Sox, Birmingham Black Barons, Chicago American Giants, Louisville Buckeyes and Kansas City Monarchs. <mask> managed the Cincinnati Tigers in 1937, Memphis Red Sox in 1938 and Chicago American Giants in 1943. <mask> was known as a glib, fast-talking player.Ty Cobb reported that <mask> wore a chest protector that said "thou shalt not steal" during one exhibition game. He could call a clever game as a catcher and his banter from the pitching mound distracted some hitters. Biographer Kyle P. McNary estimates that <mask> had a .303 batting average, 4,000 hits and 400 homers in 36 years in the game (see Baseball statistics). Standing 5 ft 9 in and weighing 210 pounds (95 kg) <mask> had a strong throwing arm, good catching reflexes and great cunning. Even with these strengths, he also mastered many illegal pitches including the emery ball, the cut ball and the spitter. Statistics for the Negro league baseball are incomplete, but available records show him hitting .273 over eight of his 23 seasons. With the Detroit Stars, he was the regular catcher for the first half of the season.When the pitching staff grew tired, he began pitching and led the team to championship. His career high for batting average was .316 for the 1929 Detroit Stars. <mask> believed the Homestead Grays 1931 team to be the greatest team of all time. The side included Josh Gibson, Oscar Charleston, Jud Wilson, and Smokey Joe Williams. Gibson and Charleston joined him in the 1932 Pittsburgh Crawfords. <mask> and his close friend Satchel Paige were easily persuaded to change sides by offers of higher earnings and both moved frequently. They also formed several Negro league all-star teams to play exhibition games against white major league stars.By the end of his career <mask> had played for 30 different teams; in one season alone, he played on five different teams. <mask> was player-manager of the integrated Jamestown Red Sox of North Dakota from May to October 1934. This made him the first black man to manage white professional players. He also played for the Chicago American Giants in that season. During that postseason, he managed a white semi-pro North Dakota team that toured Canada playing a major league all-star team gathered by Jimmie Foxx. <mask>'s team won two games out of three before Foxx was hit on the head by a Chet Brewer pitch and the tour cancelled. In the next season, <mask> had trouble securing his release from the Brooklyn Eagles of the Negro leagues, but on June 21 he joined the integrated Bismarck Churchills.Along with Satchel Paige, Moose Johnson, and others, <mask> helped to lead the club to the first National Semipro Championship. This North Dakota team was owned by Neil Churchill, a car dealer. Other Negro leaguers on the team included Chet Brewer, Hilton Smith, Barney Morris and Quincy Trouppe. <mask> managed the Memphis Red Sox in 1937 as well as catching and pitching for them. He stayed there for 1938 and in 1943, aged 41, he rejoined the Chicago American Giants. Despite his age, <mask> won the Negro American League MVP award that season and a year later he struck a home run into the upper deck of Comiskey Park for the highlight of that season's East-West All-Star game. In 1945 <mask> played for the Kansas City Monarchs and roomed with Jackie Robinson.He integrated two semipro leagues, the Southern Minny (Minnesota) and the Michigan-Indiana League in 1948, by signing black and white players. In 1950 <mask> managed the Chicago American Giants of the Negro American League. The team's owner, Dr. J. B. Martin, was concerned about black players joining Major League teams; he instructed <mask> to sign white players. <mask> recruited at least five young white players, including Lou Chirban and Lou Clarizio. As player-manager with the Elmwood Giants in the Manitoba-Dakota League in 1951, <mask> batted .459 with a 3–0 pitching record; in 1952, at the age of 50, he batted .364 with a 1–0 pitching mark. A 1952 Pittsburgh Courier poll of Negro league experts named Double Duty the fifth greatest catcher in Negro league history and the 17th greatest pitcher.He retired two years later as a player-manager in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. His peak earnings had been $850 a month; the top rate for a major league player of the time was $10,000, paid monthly to Hank Greenberg in 1947. In the 1960s, <mask> was employed as a baseball scout including for a time with the Cleveland Indians. Segregation
Throughout his career, Double Duty had to endure racial segregation. In every city except Saint Paul, Minnesota, he and his colleagues had to stay in segregated hotels and eat in segregated restaurants. It was difficult to get cabs at night. He also faced racist hostility from players and has said that, among others, "Ty Cobb didn't like colored people".<mask> also recalled stopping the team car to buy gas in Waycross, Georgia. When the players tried to drink water from the car wash hose, the owner of the gas station told them, "Put that hose down—that's for white folks to drink." <mask> told a Boston Globe interviewer: "After that, I refused to buy gas from him. About four miles down the road, the gas ran out and we had to push the car five miles." Retirement
After leaving baseball, <mask> and his wife returned to a life of poverty until 1990, when they were robbed and beaten in their housing project on Chicago's South Side. A news report of this came to the attention of the Baseball Assistance Team, a charity that helps needy ex-players. With the help of the mayor's office, the team helped the couple move into a church-run residence for the elderly.Writer Kyle McNary met <mask> in 1992 when he was trying to learn more about black baseball in his home town of Bismarck, North Dakota. <mask> subsequently suggested that McNary should write his biography and the result was self-published by McNary in 1994. <mask> would travel widely to ballgames and became known for his lively good humor and gentle clowning. Despite two strokes and other age-related health problems, <mask> continued to be active in his community. He received the state of Illinois Historical Committee's Lifetime Achievement Award and was honored by Mayor Richard Daley as an outstanding citizen of Chicago. He has been the guest of three U.S. Presidents at the White House. A WGN documentary about <mask>'s life, narrated by Morgan Freeman, won an Emmy Award.The Illinois Department of Aging inducted him into their Hall of Fame in 2002. In 1997, <mask> was inducted into the "Yesterday's Negro League Baseball Players Wall of Fame" at County Stadium in Milwaukee. In 1999, aged 96, he became the oldest player to appear in a professional game; he threw a single pitch for the Schaumburg Flyers of the Northern League. After his 100th birthday, Double Duty celebrated each year by throwing a ceremonial first pitch for the Chicago White Sox at U.S. Cellular Field. On July 27, 2005, he threw the first pitch at Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama. Two weeks later, <mask> died in Chicago on August 11, 2005, due to complications from cancer. <mask>'s stories were entertaining but not always reliable.His claim to have seen Fidel Castro with a cigar at a winter game in Cuba and his observation that the man "couldn't play" seems unlikely given that Castro would have been just 14 at the time. Raelee Frazier cast <mask>'s twisted broken hands in bronze as part of the 2003 Hitters Hands series of baseball sculptures that toured the United States in Shades of Greatness, an exhibition sponsored by the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Bibliography
'<mask> "Double Duty" <mask>', Jet, July 22, 1996
'Still Loving Baseball At 100', Jet, (June 9, 2003)
'Honoring Legends', Jet, July 28, 2003
'Celebrating 102! ', Jet, July 26, 2004
[http://www.state.il.us/aging/2awareness/awareness_hall2002.htm#theodore '2002 Hall of Fame Inductees', Illinois Department of Aging (2002)]. Retrieved July 24, 2005. '"Double Duty" Knows Baseball' Los Angeles Times, June 20, 2003. '<mask> "Double Duty" <mask>', Negro League Baseball Players Association (2005)
 'Exciting to watch, <mask> "Double Duty" <mask>', The African America Registry (2005)
'<mask> Biography', The History Makers (2005)
'Double-Duty to throw out first pitch', Birmingham News, July 22, 2005.Retrieved July 24, 2005. Blake, Mike. Baseball Chronicles, (Cincinnati, Oh: Betterway Books, 1994)
Bogira, Steve. 'Blackball: Memories of the Negro Leagues and Notes On the Integration, To Use the Term Loosely, of Major League Baseball', City Paper (Washington (DC)), July 24, 1987 (Vol. 7, Issue 30) pp. 12–24
Floto, James. '<mask> "Double Duty" <mask>: 36 Years of Pitching & Catching in Baseball's Negro Leagues', The Diamond Angle (October 2001)
Gadfly.'Hall of Merit discussion: <mask>', Baseball Think Factory (May 2005) Retrieved July 25, 2005
Goldstein, Richard. '<mask>, Star of the Negro Leagues, Is Dead at 103', The New York Times (August 12, 2005)
Hershberger, Chuck. 'Baseball Book Review', Oldtyme Baseball News 1995 (Vol. 6, Issue 5) p. 28
Holway, John B. Voices From The Great Black Baseball Leagues (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1975) (Revised Edition published New York: Da Capo Press, 1992)
Larry Lester, Sammy J. Miller and Dick Clark, Black Baseball in Chicago, (Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2000)
JJM. '<mask>', Baseball Library (2005)
McNary, Kyle P. <mask> "Double Duty" <mask>: 36 Years Of Pitching & Catching In Baseball's Negro Leagues (Minneapolis: McNary Publishing, 1994)
McNary, Kyle P. 'North Dakota Whips Big Leagues',  Pitch Black Baseball (2001) Retrieved July 25, 2005. McNary, Kyle P. '<mask> "Double Duty" <mask>', Simply Baseball Notebook: Legends (March 2002)
McNary, Kyle P. 'Negro Leaguer of the Month, July, 2004', Pitch Black Baseball (July 2004)
Peterson, Robert W. Only The Ball Was White, (New York: Prentice-Hall Englewood-Cliffs, 1970)
Sepulveda, Lefty. 'Grateful Memories of <mask> "Double Duty" <mask>', Baseball Library (August 2, 2002)
Smith, Shelley.'Remembering Their Game', Sports Illustrated, July 6, 1992 (Vol. 77, Issue 1) p. 80
Smith, Wendell. 'East-West Star Dust', Pittsburgh Courier, August 19, 1944
Steele, David. 'Negro Leaguers Seek Entry Into Hall', USA Today Baseball Weekly'', August 16, 1991 (Vol. 1, Issue 20) p. 17

References

External links
 and Baseball-Reference Black Baseball and stats and Seamheads
Baseball Library
Find a Grave Bio

1902 births
2005 deaths
African-American baseball players
African-American centenarians
American centenarians
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Azules de Veracruz players
Baseball players from Alabama
Birmingham Black Barons players
Bismarck Churchills players
Brooklyn Eagles players
Chicago American Giants players
Cincinnati Tigers (baseball) players
Columbus Blue Birds players
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
Detroit Stars players
Elmwood Giants players
Homestead Grays players
Kansas City Monarchs players
Louisville Buckeyes players
Memphis Red Sox players
Men centenarians
Mexican League baseball players
Negro league baseball managers
New York Black Yankees players
Pittsburgh Crawfords players
St. Louis Stars (baseball) players
Sportspeople from Mobile, Alabama
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people

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<mask> (born c. 1952) is an  American radio sports personality, formerly working for Clear Channel Communications as a cohost with Andy Furman on Fox Sports Daybreak Mon-Friday from 5am-8am CST on their Fox Sports Radio subsidiary, until this program was cancelled in September, 2016. <mask> currently writes a column, The Rebel Inside, twice a week for the Daily Herald and does videos three days a week for their web site about current sports topics. He was the co-host of the Monsters in the Morning with Dan Jiggetts on Comcast SportsNet Chicago in 2009 and was a sports talk radio show host at WSCR "The Score 670" in Chicago from 1992 to 2008 along with Doug Buffone. He was also the color man for the Chicago Rush AFL team for two seasons alongside Tom Dore. He was the co-host of Monsters and Money in the Morning on WBBM-TV CBS 2 Chicago until its cancellation in 2010. <mask> was raised in Chicago's Rogers Park neighborhood and attended Senn High School from 1967–1970 before dropping out to work for the Chicago Park District. In 1971 he was drafted to join the US Army, completing basic training at Ft. Polk, Louisiana.In the late 1970s, <mask> and his wife, BeBe, bought their first hot dog stand. They established Be-Be's Hot Dogs in 1984. Among <mask>'s frequent customers at his restaurant was the staff of Diamond Broadcasting, owners of WXRT-FM and WSBC-AM. After <mask> suggested to them that he take the place for vacationing Chicago Tribune columnist Bob Verdi as the host of a short sports segment on WXRT, <mask>'s contacts at Diamond suggested he lease time on WSBC if he was interested in pursuing a career in radio. <mask> took their advice and launched the "NFL Handicap Show" on WSBC in 1990. After the Diamond Broadcasting team purchased WSCR in 1992, <mask> was hired to become one of the station's original personalities, teaming with Dan Jiggetts on the Monsters of the Midday show (a twist on the popular Chicago term, Monsters of the Midway),. The two were reunited for a one-year stint on cable television in 2009.Radio timeline
1990"NFL Handicap Show" on WSBC
1992WSCR was launched. <mask> teamed with former Chicago Bear, Dan Jiggetts on The Monsters of the Midday show. September 1999 <mask> began hosting his own show, The <mask>orth teamed up with former Chicago Bear Doug Buffone, and they soon became known as "The Wise Guys". August 2002North signed a multi-year contract worth an estimated $1.5 million a year, making him one of the highest paid radio personalities in Chicago. September 2004North agreed to host The Score's morning show to compete with rival WMVP's syndicated ESPN Radio morning show, <mask> and <mask> in the Morning. Until this move, <mask>orth called his own station while driving drunk. June 2008Left WSCR when his contract with the station ended

Controversies

Calling Chicago Cubs Korean pitcher Jae Kuk Ryu a "Chinaman." Opining that Hispanic-American newscaster Antonio Mora could get better ratings if he wore a sombrero during his newscasts. On May 18, 2007, <mask> engaged in a much-publicized argument with then White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén during his show, in which Guillen frequently cursed at <mask> before hanging up on him. On June 20, 2007, <mask> was targeted by fans of the Opie & Anthony show. The radio duo took issue with <mask> seemingly taking credit for being one of the first radio hosts to use the chat service Paltalk, something they instead laid claim to. Fans subsequently invaded <mask>'s chat room and bombarded him with insults while Opie & Anthony watched from their own chat room and mocked <mask> and his show.On November 10, 2020, <mask> inferred that Tony La Russa receiving a DUI was a "good omen" for the Chicago White Sox because in 1985 Chicago Bears head coach <mask> was convicted of a DUI shortly after their victory over the former Super Bowl winning San Francisco 49ers, and later that year on went to win the Super Bowl in the 1985 NFL season. Outside of WSCR

North has released a CD, Caucasian Man, with music and interview highlights. This CD includes a parody song titled "Secret Asian Man." <mask> had an acting role in the movie Eden Court. In spite of being complete for a year, the film has only been screened at obscure festivals and has not secured commercial distribution. <mask> has appeared on WBBM-TV, WMAQ-TV and WFLD-TV

North appeared in the slot formerly filled by Imus in the Morning on WFAN May 29 and 30, 2007. In August 2008, North launched a short-lived, subscription-based sports gambling website, and had a podcast hosted on the website of a Chicago-based restaurant chain.In April 2009, <mask> was hired by   David Hernandez, to work at  a webcasting company focused on Chicago sports. According to a criminal complaint filed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Hernandez was using the business he founded with <mask> to launder money from Hernandez's fraudulent medical staffing firm NextStep Medical. The complaint alleges that North and Hernandez's business operated under the name of Spectrum Entertainment Group, which received over $160,000 of fraudulently-procured funds. Another shell company established by Hernandez using fraudulently-procured funds, The Ilumina Group, also financed the webcast operation. While <mask> was an executive for Spectrum Entertainment, $300,000 was funneled from   Hernandez's company to  fund  the sports operation. On June 12, 2009, Hernandez fired <mask> after   <mask> questioned  business irregularities. The following day it was reported that Hernandez was under federal investigation, and Hernandez was subsequently charged by the Securities and Exchange Commission with operating a Ponzi scheme.In July 2009, <mask> was sued in federal court by defrauded investors for his role in Hernandez's scheme but was cleared and released of any wrongdoing. In December 2009, Comcast SportsNet decided  not to renew North's television show  because the budget costs were too high to sustain, effective 31 December 2009. Notes and references

External links

 NorthtoNorth.com North's own site
 Notre Dame High School for Boys Basketball Site

1950s births
American sports radio personalities
Radio personalities from Chicago
People from Park Ridge, Illinois
Living people
Arena football announcers

masks:
Mike North
North
History North
North
North
North
North
North
North
North
North
Mike NorthN
Mike
Mike
NorthN
North
North
North
North
North
North
North
Mike Ditka
North
North
North
North
North
North
North
North


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<mask>, 1st Earl of Clare PC (Ire) (1748 – 28 January 1802) was Attorney-General for Ireland from 1783 to 1789 and Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1789 to 1802. He was a controversial figure in Irish history, being described variously as a Protestant hardliner, a staunch anti-Roman Catholic, and an early advocate of political union between Ireland and Great Britain (which finally happened in 1801, shortly before his death). He is said to have been an early opponent of measures for Roman Catholic political relief (meaning the removal of some or all of the various forfeitures, civil penalties, and civil disabilities placed upon Catholics) in both Ireland and Great Britain, and may have been the first to suggest to George III that the King would violate his coronation oath if he consented to the admission of Catholics to Parliament. Early life
FitzGibbon was born near Donnybrook, Dublin, the son of <mask> of Ballysheedy, County Limerick and his wife Isabella Grove, daughter of <mask>, of Ballyhimmock, County Cork. His father had been born a Catholic but converted to the state religion in order to become a lawyer, and amassed a large fortune. He had three sisters, Arabella, Elizabeth, and Eleanor. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and Christ Church, Oxford.He entered the Irish House of Commons in 1778 as Member for Dublin University, and held this seat until 1783, when he was appointed Attorney General. From the same year he represented Kilmallock until 1790. He was appointed High Sheriff of County Limerick for 1782. When appointed Lord Chancellor for Ireland in 1789, he was granted his first peerage as Baron FitzGibbon, of Lower Connello in the County of Limerick, in the Peerage of Ireland that year. This did not entitle him to a seat in the British House of Lords, only in the Irish House of Lords. His later promotions came mostly in the Peerage of Ireland, being advanced to a Viscountcy (1793) and the Earldom of Clare in 1795. He finally achieved a seat in the British House of Lords in 1799 when created Baron FitzGibbon, of Sidbury in the County of Devon, in the Peerage of Great Britain.FitzGibbon as Lord Chancellor

<mask>, first Earl of Clare was a renowned champion of the Protestant Ascendancy and an opponent of Catholic emancipation. He despised the Parliament of Ireland's popular independent constitution of 1782. He was also personally and politically opposed to the Irish politician Henry Grattan who urged a moderate course in the Irish Parliament, and was responsible for defeating Grattan's efforts to reform the Irish land tithe system (1787–1789) under which Irish Catholic farmers (and all non-Anglican farmers) were forced to financially support the minority Anglican Church of Ireland. These were not fully repealed until 1869, (when the Church of Ireland was finally disestablished), although Irish tithes were commuted after the Tithe War (1831–1836). FitzGibbon opposed the Irish Catholic Relief Act of 1793 personally, but apparently recommended its acceptance in the House of Lords, being forced out of necessity when that Act had been recommended to the Irish Executive by the British Cabinet led by William Pitt the Younger. Pitt expected Ireland to follow the British Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 and allow Catholics to vote again and hold public offices. At the same time, FitzGibbon apparently denounced the policy this Act embodied, so it is probably safe to say that FitzGibbon's own beliefs and principles conflicted with his obligations as a member of the Irish executive of the time.FitzGibbon's role in the recall, soon after his arrival, of the popular pro-Emancipation Lord Lieutenant, Lord Fitzwilliam is debatable. Although FitzGibbon was probably politically opposed to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Fitzwilliam was apparently recalled, because of his own independent actions. Fitzwilliam was known to be friendly to the Ponsonby family (he was married to one of their daughters), and was generally a Foxite liberal Whig. His close association with and patronage of Irish Whigs led by Grattan and Ponsonby during his short tenure, along with his alleged support of an immediate effort to secure Catholic emancipation in a manner not authorized by the British cabinet is probably what led to his recall. Thus, if any is to blame in the short-lived 'Fitzwilliam episode' it is the great Irish politician Henry Grattan and the Ponsonby brothers - presumably William Ponsonby, later Lord Imokilly and his brother <mask>by—not to mention Lord Fitzwilliam himself. Irish Catholics at the time and later naturally saw things very differently and blamed hardline Protestants such as FitzGibbon. Ironically, Irish Catholics and FitzGibbon agreed on one point apparently - Irish political and economic union with Great Britain (which eventually took place in 1801).Pitt had wanted Union with Ireland concomitantly with Catholic emancipation, commutation of tithes, and the endowment of the Irish Catholic priesthood. Union was opposed by most hardline Irish Protestants, as well as liberals such as Grattan. FitzGibbon had been a strong supporter of Union since 1793, but refused to have Catholic emancipation with the Union. In the end, FitzGibbon's views won out, leading to the Union of Ireland with Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland without any further privileges for Ireland's Catholic majority (or for that matter, Catholics in the rest of the new United Kingdom). FitzGibbon later claimed that he had been duped by the way in which the Act was passed (by the new Viceroy Lord Cornwallis promising reforms to Irish Catholics), and was bitterly opposed to any concessions during the short remainder of his life. FitzGibbon as Lord Chancellor in the Irish Rebellion of 1798

FitzGibbon's role as Lord Chancellor of Ireland during the period of the 1798 rebellion is questionable. According to some, he supported a hardline policy which used torture, murder and massacre to crush the rebellion , or that as Lord Chancellor, he had considerable influence on military affairs, and that martial law could not have been imposed without his consent.Others allege that as Lord chancellor, he had no say in military affairs and the Encyclopædia Britannica states that he was "neither cruel nor immoderate and was inclined to mercy when dealing with individuals", however the same source also states that "(Fitzgibbon).. was a powerful supporter of a repressive policy toward Irish Catholics". Fitzgibbon's former side was displayed by sparing the lives of the captured United Irish leaders, 'State prisoners', in return for their confession of complicity and provision of information relating to the planning of the rebellion. However, this willingness of the prisoners to partake of the agreement was spurred by the execution of the brothers <mask> and Henry Sheares on 14 July 1798. In contrast to the leniency shown to the largely upper class leadership, the full weight of military repression was inflicted upon the common people throughout the years 1797–98 with untold thousands suffering imprisonment, torture, transportation and death. Fitzgibbon was inclined to show no mercy to unrepentant rebels and in October 1798 he expressed his disgust upon the capture of Wolfe Tone that he had been granted a trial and his belief that Tone should have been hanged as soon as he set foot on land. He was quick to recognise that sectarianism was a useful ally to divide the rebels and prevent the United Irishmen achieving their goal of uniting Protestant, Catholic and Dissenter, writing in June 1798; "In the North nothing will keep the rebels quiet but the conviction that where treason has broken out the rebellion is merely popish". Another anecdote is to the effect of his callousness.Supposedly, upon being informed during a debate in the Irish Parliament that innocent as well as guilty were suffering atrocities during the repression, FitzGibbon replied "Well suppose it were so..", his callous reply purportedly shocking William Pitt. FitzGibbon as a Landlord

FitzGibbon, or <mask>, was noted by some as a good, improving landlord to both his Protestant and Catholic tenants. Some claim that the tenants of his Mountshannon estate called him  "Black Jack" FitzGibbon. There is however no evidence to support this claim, although there is little to no evidence on his dealings as a landlord. Irish nationalists and others point out that while he might have been interested in the welfare of his own tenants on his own estate, he treated other Irish Catholics very differently. Without further evidence, FitzGibbon's role as a Protestant landowner in mainly Catholic Ireland is of little importance against his known dealings as Lord Chancellor. Apocryphal story about his funeral
Lord <mask> died at home, 6 Ely Place near St. Stephen's Green, Dublin on 28 January 1802 and was buried in St. Peter's Churchyard.A hero to Protestant hardliners, but despised by the majority Catholic population, his funeral cortege was the cause of a riot and there is a widespread story that a number of dead cats were thrown at his coffin as it departed Ely Place. Summary

FitzGibbon appears to have made little mark in British political history, as compared to Irish parliamentary history. His adversary Henry Grattan and the aristocratic rebel Lord Edward FitzGerald (with the other rebels of 1798) are better remembered. FitzGibbon was apparently a hardline Protestant, a landlord and a member of the Protestant Ascendancy, who naturally supported those political measures that would preserve Protestant domination of Ireland and the continued suppression of the numerically dominant Catholics in Ireland. He won his point in 1801 and its immediate aftermath, when the Irish Parliament was dissolved and Union with Great Britain was achieved - without any concessions to Catholics. In the long run, his views lost out, as subsequent British Cabinets were forced to concede full rights to Catholics in 1829 (while imposing new voting restrictions in Ireland and thus disenfranchising poorer Catholics). The Union with Great Britain, so bitterly opposed by Henry Grattan, was eventually dissolved partially more than a century later.FitzGibbon's most significant achievement (historically speaking) was probably his convincing King George III that any concessions to Catholics, whether in Great Britain or in Ireland, would mean that the King was violating his Coronation Oath. Thus, the King and his second son became staunch opponents of pro-Emancipation measures, which had to wait until both had died. In thus convincing the King (probably between 1793 and 1801), FitzGibbon's policy of repression towards Irish Catholics achieved its finest hour; in doing so, he also defeated all that Grattan and his party had worked to obtain. Furthermore, he also brought about Pitt's downfall, because Pitt had staked his own reputation on obtaining Catholic emancipation concurrently with the Act of Union. No other British Prime Minister would make such efforts for a long time. FitzGibbon thus had a negative role not only in Irish parliamentary and political history, but also in British political history. By negating all of Grattan's efforts 1787-1789 and those of Pitt in the late 1790s to 1801, FitzGibbon allowed conditions to develop that would benefit sectarian leaders and political philosophies from both religious communities.It is unclear if FitzGibbon's support of Grattan, or support for Pitt's proposals would have made much difference, given that many hardline Protestants probably felt the same way as FitzGibbon. Furthermore, the British Cabinet (not to mention the Royal Family, then far more influential politically) was itself divided on the issue for most of the period. But just as Catholic Emancipation was brought about by a Tory Prime Minister in 1829, or substantial voting reforms brought about by Disraeli and the Conservatives, thus winning support from a crucial minority of those originally opposed to either, the support of a prominent hardline Protestant leader for Catholic Emancipation might have made all the difference to Irish history. Sir Jonah Barrington's estimate of Fitzgibbon:- "His political conduct has been accounted uniform, but in detail it will be
found to have been miserably inconsistent. In 1781 he took up arms to obtain a declaration of Irish independence; in 1800, he recommended the Introduction of a military force to assist in its extinguishment; he pro¬claimed Ireland a free nation in 1783, and argued that it should be a pro¬vince in 1799; in 1782 he called the acts of the British Legislature toward*
Ireland “ a daring usurpation on the rights of a free people,"* and in 1800 he transferred Ireland to the usurper. On all occasions his ambition as despotically governed his politics, as his reason invariably sunk before his prejudice." 'The Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation' (1853)(p.9)

Titles
Baron FitzGibbon, of Lower Connello in the County of Limerick, in the Peerage of Ireland on appointment as Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1789,
Viscount FitzGibbon, of Limerick in the County of Limerick, in the Peerage of Ireland in 1793,
Earl of Clare in the Peerage of Ireland in 1795.Baron FitzGibbon, of Sidbury in the County of Devon, in the Peerage of Great Britain, in 1799. References

Sources
The Irish Act of Union - Patrick M. Geoghegan (2001)
A Volley of Execrations: the letters and papers of <mask>, earl of Clare, 1772–1802, edited by D. A. Fleming and A. P. W. Malcomson. (2004)
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

External links

Fitzwilliam's Viceroyalty 1795
Henry Grattan's Political Career
 'The Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation'(1853), Sir Jonah Barrington. |-

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1748 births
1802 deaths
People from Donnybrook, Dublin
Earls of Clare
Lord Chancellors of Ireland
Irish MPs 1776–1783
Irish MPs 1783–1790
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
People of the Irish Rebellion of 1798
High Sheriffs of County Limerick
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for the University of Dublin
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Limerick constituencies
Peers of Ireland created by George III
Peers of Great Britain created by George III
Irish landlords
18th-century Irish landowners

masks:
John FitzGibbon
John FitzGbon
John Grove
John FitzGibbon
John Ponson
John
Clare
Clare
John Figion


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The early years of his reign saw an invasion from the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud, who sacked the Somnath temple. <mask> left his capital and took shelter in Kanthkot during this invasion, but after Mahmud's departure, he recovered his power and retained his ancestral territories. He crushed a rebellion by his vassals at Arbuda, and unsuccessfully tried to invade the Naddula Chahamana kingdom. Towards the end of his reign, he formed an alliance with the Kalachuri king Lakshmi-Karna, and played an important role in the downfall of the Paramara king Bhoja. The earliest of the Dilwara Temples and the Modhera Sun Temple were built during <mask>'s reign. The construction of Rani ki vav is attributed to his queen Udayamati. Early life

<mask>'s father Nagaraja was a son of the Chaulukya king Chamunda-raja.Chamunda was succeeded by Nagaraja's brothers, Vallabha-raja and Durlabha-raja, in that order. Both Vallabha and Durlabha died childless. According to the 12th century author Hemachandra, Durlabha was very fond of his nephew <mask>, and appointed <mask> as his successor before his death. Durlabha and Nagaraja died soon after <mask>'s ascension to throne. Military career

Ghaznavid invasion

Early during his reign, <mask> faced an invasion by Mahmud of Ghazni, whose plunder of the Somnath temple has been described in detail by the medieval Muslim historians. According to Ali ibn al-Athir, Mahmud started out from Ghazni on 18 October 1025. At Multan, he planned his march in detail and gathered supplies.He left Multan on 26 November, with a large army well-equipped to cross the Thar desert, and reached the Chaulukya capital in December 1025 CE. According to the Muslim accounts, <mask> fled his capital Anahilapataka (called Nahrwala by the medieval Muslim historians). He took shelter in Kanthkot, allowing Mahmud to enter the Chaulukya capital unopposed. Mahmud's sudden invasion, coupled with the lack of any fortifications in Anahilapataka, may have forced <mask> to abandon his capital. Other residents of the city also appear to have evacuated it, as the Muslim historians do not mention any massacre or looting in the Chaulukya capital. Mahmud rested at Anahilapataka for a few days, replenished his supplies, and then left for Somnath. A relatively small force of 20,000 soldiers unsuccessfully tried to check Mahmud's advance at Modhera.Historian A. K. Majumdar theorizes that the Modhera Sun Temple, might have been built to commemorate this defence. The upside down inscription in the cella of the temple proper evidences the destruction and reconstruction probably shortly after 1026 CE. Mahmud then advanced to Delvada. Although the town surrendered without offering any resistance, Mahmud massacred all its residents. Finally, Mahmud's army reached Somnath on 6 January 1026 CE. The Muslim historians suggest that the town was well-defended, probably by a fort guarding the temple. According to Abu Sa'id Gardezi, the commander of the defending force fled to a nearby island.Other defenders put up a resistance, but Mahmud managed to capture the fort by 8 January. Mahmud then desecrated the temple, and looted a huge amount of wealth including jewels and silver idols. During his return journey, Mahmud came to know that a powerful Hindu king named Param Dev had gathered a large army to fight him. Gardezi, in his Kitab Zainu'l-Akhbar (c. 1048 CE), states that Mahmud chose to avoid any confrontation with this king. The invader was carrying back a large amount of looted wealth, which may have motivated him to avoid a battle. Mahmud decided to return via Mansura in Sindh, although the route connecting Gujarat and Sindh was more dangerous than the desert route to Multan. Later Muslim historians also mention this incident.The 16th century historian Firishta identified Param Dev with <mask> I, calling him the king of Nahrwala. Historian A. K. Majumdar agrees with this identification, arguing that "Param" might be a Muslim mistranscription of "Bhima". Scholars who are critical of this theory identify Param dev with the Paramara king Bhoja, who ruled the neighbouring territory of Malwa. K. N. Seth and Mahesh Singh point out that <mask> had ascended the throne recently, and was not a powerful ruler at the time of Mahmud's raid. In fact, as attested by the Muslim historians, he had fled his capital and hid in Kanthkot. The Muslim historians before Firishta, such as Gardezi and Nizamuddin Ahmad, mention the king of Nahrwala and Param Dev as two distinct kings. Unlike <mask>, Bhoja was a powerful and famous ruler at that time.Bhoja was also a Shaivite, and according to the Udaipur Prashasti, had constructed a temple dedicated to Somnath (an aspect of Shiva). Thus Mahmud's desecration of the Somnath temple in Gujarat would have motivated Bhoja to lead an army against him. Based on these evidences, several scholars identify Param Dev with Bhoja. "Param Dev" is probably a corruption of "Paramara-Deva" or of Bhoja's titles Paramabhattakara-Parameshvara. Invasion of Sindh

According to the 12th century scholar Hemachandra, who was patronized by the Chaulukyas, <mask> defeated Hammuka, a ruler of Sindh. This claim has also been repeated by the 14th century chronicler Merutunga. Hemachandra's account of <mask>'s war against Sindh goes like this: one day <mask>'s spies told him that the kings of Andhra, Pundra and Magadha obeyed him.On the other hand, Hammuka (the king of Sindhu, that is, Sindh) and Karna (the king of Chedi) not only refused to acknowledge his supremacy, but also defamed him. <mask> then marched to Sindh, bridging and crossing the Indus river in the process. He defeated Hammuka, who was forced to acknowledge his supremacy. Later, he also defeated Karna. According to the epic Mahabharata, the legendary hero <mask> defeated two other warriors: Jayadratha (the king of Sindhu Kingdom) and Karna. Hemachandra's poetic account compares <mask> I to his legendary namesake, because the Chaulukya king had also defeated the king of Sindhu and Karna (the king of Chedi). There is no epigraphic evidence of <mask> having defeated the king of Sindh.In absence of any corroborating evidence, the historical accuracy of this account is uncertain. Historian A. K. Majumdar theorizes that Hammuka might have been a descendant of the Saindhava dynasty, which probably originated from Sindh. This dynasty is known to have last ruled western Saurashtra in 915 CE. Like Hammuka, the names of its rulers ended in -ka: Ranaka, Jaika and Agguka. Paramaras of Arbuda

The Paramara branch of Arbuda had been feudatories of the Chaulukyas since Mularaja's reign. However, sometime before 1031 CE, the Abu Paramara ruler Dhandhuka rebelled against <mask>. <mask> defeated him, and appointed Vimala as the new dandapati (governor) of Arbuda.Vimala commissioned the shrine of Adinatha at Mount Abu in 1031 CE, so Dhandhuka's rebellion must have happened before this year. Dhandhuka took shelter with Bhoja, the Paramara king of Malwa. According to Jinaprabha Suri's Tirtha Kalpa, <mask> later restored Dhandhuka as his vassal. A 1042 CE inscription of Dhandhuka's son Purnapala states that he was ruling over Arbuda-mandala as a Maharajadhiraja ("king of great kings"), after having defeated his enemy. This suggests that the Paramaras of Arbuda may have again rebelled against Bhima's authority. However, the area was back under Bhima's control by 1062 CE, as attested by an inscription of Vimala. Paramaras of Bhinmal

Bhima defeated and imprisoned Krishna-deva, a ruler of the Paramara branch of Bhinmal.However, the Naddula Chahamanas defeated <mask>, and freed Krishna-deva. This is attested by the Sundha Hill inscription of the Chahamanas. Subsequently, Krishna-deva ruled independent of Bhima; his inscriptions describe him as a Maharajadhiraja. Chahamanas of Naddula

The Chahamanas of Naddula ruled the territory to the north of the Chaulukya kingdom. According to their Sundha Hill inscription, the Chahamana king Ahila defeated <mask>. Ahila probably repulsed an invasion from Bhima. The Sundha Hill inscription as well as another Chahamana inscription state that the later king Anahilla also defeated the elephant force of <mask>.Anahilla is also said to have destroyed <mask>'s army and captured a large part of his territory. His sons Balaprasada and Jendraraja also took part in the war against <mask>. Balaprasada forced <mask> to release Krishna-deva (the Paramara ruler of Bhimal) from the prison. Jendraraja defeated <mask>'s force at Shanderaka (modern Sanderao). The location of the battles suggests that <mask> was the aggressor in this war, and the Chahamanas repulsed his invasion. The war continued during the reign of <mask>'s successor Karna. Paramaras of Malwa

Bhima formed an alliance with the Kalachuri king Lakshmi-Karna, and played a significant role in the downfall of Bhoja, the Paramara dynasty of Malwa.This achievement has been recorded by several Chaulukya chroniclers and inscriptions. The most detailed account of the rivalry between <mask> and Bhoja is given by the 14th century chronicler Merutunga. However, it is hard to separate the historical truth from fiction in Merutunga's legendary account, which goes like this: <mask> and Bhoja were initially friends, but Bhoja made a plan to invade Gujarat. When <mask>'s spy informed him about Bhoja's plan, <mask> sent his ambassador Damara to Bhoja's court. Damara instigated Bhoja to attack the Chalukyas of Kalyani, who had killed the earlier Paramara ruler Munja. Thus, Damara managed to divert Bhoja's attention away from Bhima's kingdom. While Bhoja was facing a war with the Kalyani Chalukyas, Damara lied to him that <mask> had also started a march against him.This worried Bhoja, who begged Damara to convince <mask> to abandon his march towards Malwa. Damara agreed to do so if Bhoja gifted <mask> an elephant couple, which Bhoja did. Merutunga further states that while <mask> was engaged in a war against the king of Sindh, Bhoja's digambara general Kulachandra sacked the Chaulukya capital Anahilapataka. Subsequently, Merutunga mentions several incidents that suggest that the two kings maintained diplomatic ties. One day, while Bhoja was worshipping his family deity at a temple on the outskirts of his capital Dhara, the goddess warned him that he was surrounded by enemy soldiers. Bhoja was nearly killed by the Gujarati soldiers Aluya and Koluya, but managed to escape. Merutunga finally describes Bhoja's death as follows: One day, the Kalachuri king Karna challenged Bhoja to a war or a temple-building contest.Bhoja chose the second option, and lost the contest to Karna. However, Bhoja refused to acknowledge Karna's supremacy. As a result, Karna invaded Malwa from the east, supported by 136 vassals. He also asked <mask> to invade Malwa from the east. Bhoja died of a disease, as these two kings invaded his kingdom. After his death, Karna captured his capital and all his wealth. According to Merutunga, it was Karna who captured Dhara after Bhoja's death.Other Chaulukya chroniclers claim that <mask> captured Dhara. It is possible that <mask> raided Dhara at a later date. One particular chronicle Kirti-Kaumudi claims that <mask> captured Bhoja, but generously released him and spared his life. This is not corroborated by historical evidence. Kalachuris of Tripuri

Bhima and the Kalachuri king Lakshmi-Karna remained allies until Bhoja's death. Subsequently, there seems to have been a dispute between them over sharing the spoils of their victory. The Chaulukya chroniclers claim that <mask> subdued Karna easily, but such claims are of little historical value.The 12th century writer Hemachandra claims that <mask> sent his ambassador Damodara to Karna, demanding his share of the Paramara assets. Damodara's description of <mask>'s power scared Karna, who started praising <mask> and gifted him Bhoja's golden throne. The 14th century chronicler Merutunga claims that <mask> demanded half of Bhoja's kingdom from Karna. When Karna refused, <mask>'s ambassador Damara entered Karna's palace with 32 foot soldiers and abducted Karna as the Kalachuri king slept. Karna ultimately made peace by surrendering a golden shrine to <mask>. These accounts by the Chaulukya chroniclers appear to be historically inaccurate, as Karna was too powerful to be subdued by an ambassador of <mask>. Hemachandra does not mention <mask>'s conflict with Bhoja at all, and <mask>'s allies named by him in the struggle against Karna are all fictitious.Merutunga's account seems to be derived partly from Hemachandra's Dvyashraya and partly from Kirti-Kaumudi. That said, there is some historical evidence of a conflict between <mask> and Karna. Karna's Rewa stone inscription claims that when he approached the Gurjara country (that is, <mask>'s kingdom of Gujarat), the Gurjara women shed tears and became widows. It is possible that <mask> gained some advantage over Karna, after the Kalachuris were decisively defeated by the Kalyani Chalukya king Someshvara I. Personal life

<mask>'s queen was Udayamati. According to Hemachandra, he had three sons: Mularaja, Kshemaraja, and Karna. Mularaja died during <mask>'s lifetime, and Kshemaraja rejected the throne.As a result, Karna succeeded <mask>. Merutunga, on the other hand, states that <mask>'s three sons were Mularaja, Karna and Haripala. Of these, Haripala was born of a courtesan named Bakuladevi. Historian A. K. Majumdar theorizes that Merutunga's account appears to be more accurate, since voluntary rejections of thrones were very rare. Hemachandra, who was a royal courtier, probably wanted to avoid mentioning the illegitimate son Haripala, and therefore, glossed over the genealogy. Temples and constructions

Merutunga states that he built Tripurushaprasada temple at Anahilapataka (now Patan) for merit of his deceased son. He also built Bhimeshwara and Bhattarika Bhiruani temples.He rebuilt Somnath Temple after its destruction by Ghazni. Merutunga credits Udayamati with excavating a reservoir at Anahilapataka; this tank is said to have been better than the Sahastralinga Tank in the town. According to popular tradition, she also commissioned the Rani ki vav (Queen's stepwell). His minister and later governor of Chandravati, Vimala built Adinath Jain temple, one of the Dilwara Temples, on Mount Abu during the last years of <mask>'s reign. He had also built one more temple at Patan and Vimala Vasahi on Shatrunjaya (renovated in 17th century). The Modhera Sun Temple (1026-27 CE) except its Rangamandapa and tank was reconstructed during <mask>'s reign. Bhaktamarastrotra Vritti (1370 CE) and Ratnamandira's Upadeshatarangini (c. 15th century) mentions the construction of Adinatha and Parshwanatha temples by Shreshthi Jhinah at Dhavalakka (Dholka) during this period.Vagheshwari/Khambhalai Mata temple at Dhinoj in Patan district was built during the same period as Modhera Sun temple. Achaleshwara Mahadev and Jagannatha temples on Mount Abu were contemporary of Adinath temple. Limboji Mata temple at Delmal in north Gujarat is also of the same period. The small shrine of Someshwara at Gorad near Mehsana; Shiva temple and Sanderi Mata temple at Sander in Patan district belongs to 11th century. A ruined shrine in Mulamadhavpura in Saurashtra is contemporary of Shiva temple at Sander. Pankhnath Mahadev and the early surviving parts of Ambika temples at Khedbrahma are also of this period. The large marble temple of Mahavira (1062 CE), of five Jain temples at Kumbhariya, is the last major temple of this period.The vase-and-foliage pillars and lintels of a temple of this period at Patan is reused in the inlet sluice chamber of Khan Sarovar. The Tanka Mosque in Dholka has four decorated bhadraka pillars reused from a small shrine of this age. The badly renovated Sun temple and another temple dedicated to Daityasudana Vishnu at Prabhas Patan also belongs to this period. Ankol Mata stepwell at Davad and Mata Bhavani's Stepwell in Ahmedabad belonged to the third quarter of the 11th century. References

Bibliography

11th-century Indian monarchs
12th-century Indian monarchs
Chaulukya dynasty
Hindu monarchs

masks: Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima Bhima


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<mask> (December 12, 1857 – May 10, 1914) was an American opera singer who had a major stage career in Europe and her native country. Nordica established herself as one of the foremost dramatic sopranos of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She had a powerful yet flexible voice and the ability to perform an unusually wide range of roles in the German, French and Italian operatic repertoires. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1857 in a small Cape Cod style farmhouse built by her grandfather on a hill in Farmington, Maine. In her youth, Norton is said to have possessed an inherent fondness for music and the sounds of singing birds and running brooks. When she was eight her family moved to Boston, Massachusetts to continue the musical education of her sister Wilhelmina. Wilhelmina died before her 18th birthday.Family hopes were then pinned on <mask>, and her musical education began soon thereafter. She trained as a singer in Boston, graduating from the New England Conservatory in that city at the age of 18. Career
She made her public debut at the conservatory as a soloist with the Handel and Haydn Society. Convinced that she could forge a successful career as a professional performer, Norton travelled to Italy and put a final bel canto polish on her vocalism through study in Milan. "Nordica", a stage name, was bestowed by an Italian maestro at the beginning of her operatic career. He convinced her that European opera-goers would not tolerate a diva with a plain sounding, Anglo-American name. The adopted name, Giglia Nordica, meant "Lily of the North", but she soon became known as "Madame Nordica" or simply as "Nordica".As Madame Nordica, she made her operatic debut at Brescia in 1879. She achieved a high rank among the international prima donnas of her era, appearing in many major musical venues in Western Europe and Russia. She sang for example at The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in 1887-93 and performed at the Bayreuth Festival in Germany in 1894 as Elsa in Lohengrin. In her native America she was particularly associated with the Metropolitan Opera in New York, where her frequent stage partner was the cultured Polish tenor Jean de Reszke. She sang at the Met from 1891 until 1910, with some breaks in between. By all accounts Nordica possessed an extremely big, agile and pure-toned soprano voice which she was prepared to use unstintingly. (See, for instance, Michael Scott, The Record of Singing, Volume One, pp.38–40.) An adventurous artist, she embraced an enormously varied repertoire which included, among many other works, Aida, Wagner's Ring Cycle (as Brünnhilde), Tristan und Isolde, Lohengrin, La traviata, Il trovatore, La Gioconda, Faust, Les Huguenots, Mignon and Le nozze di Figaro. She established her worldwide reputation as an opera singer of the first magnitude despite facing powerful competition during her career from a number of other outstanding dramatic sopranos. Her main rivals included Lilli Lehmann, Rosa Sucher, Katharina Klafsky, Milka Ternina, Therese Malten, Johanna Gadski, Félia Litvinne, Olive Fremstad, Anna von Mildenburg and Emmy Destinn. She wrote a treatise called Hints to Singers. A copy is appended to her Yankee Diva biography. By 1913, Nordica's voice and health were in decline.This did not prevent her from embarking misguidedly on a strenuous tour to Australia. She nearly missed the ship leaving Sydney on her return, but wired the captain asking him to wait for her. It would prove to be a fatal mistake. The Tasman hit a coral reef, where it remained for three days, and Nordica suffered hypothermia (exposure) from which she never recovered. She was taken to Thursday Island, Queensland, where she was hospitalised for some time. There she befriended a small American boy who was taken ill while on a different vessel passing through Torres Strait. After his death, Nordica installed a gravestone in the local cemetery in his memory.She was well enough on Thursday Island to make a new will, which disinherited her husband. (The Australian poet and novelist Thomas Shapcott dramatised these events in his 1998 novel Theatre of Darkness.) She was then transferred to Batavia in the Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta, Indonesia). She lingered for months, seeming to improve, only to fail again. She died of pneumonia on May 10, 1914 in Batavia. Recordings
Nordica made a number of acoustic discs for Columbia Records. They were recorded comparatively late in her career, however, and are of a poor technical standard.Nevertheless, they do indicate her considerable range as a singer, for she is able to perform both coloratura showpieces (such as "Io son Titania" from Mignon) and dramatic Wagnerian solos (such as "Mild und leise" from Tristan und Isolde). Her best known record is probably that of a demanding aria from the Hungarian opera Hunyadi Laszlo by Ferenc Erkel, which she cut in 1907. Nordica can be also heard briefly in some of the Mapleson Cylinders that were recorded during actual performances at the Metropolitan Opera House during the first few years of the 20th century. The sound of these cylinders is primitive but the impressive size of Nordica's voice can be better appreciated as it rings out in a theatre acoustic. A CD of her gramophone and cylinder recordings was released by Marston Records in 2003, complete with extensive liner notes dealing with Nordica's voice and career (see below). Folklore
At the University of Maine at Farmington, it is established folklore among students that Nordica's ghost inhabits the auditorium that bears her name. Personal life and legacy
Nordica's successful operatic career contrasted with her disastrous personal life.Nordica wed three times. in 1878. Oil on panel, 61 x 40 in. Presently in the collection of the Nordica Memorial Association, Farmington, Maine

In 1882, she retired from the stage to marry Frederick A. Gower, whom she sued for divorce in 1885, but who disappeared at about the time of the suit, probably having been killed in a balloon accident. Her second marriage was in 1896 to a Hungarian tenor named Zoltán Döhme. He took the title role in Parsifal at Bayreuth in 1894. She obtained a divorce from him in 1904.Her third marriage was in 1909 to a wealthy New York banker, George W. Young, but like the previous two unions, it proved unhappy. Her birthplace in Farmington, Maine, is today the Nordica Memorial Homestead, a museum and historic site. Nordica Auditorium in Merrill Hall at the University of Maine at Farmington is named after her. References

Bibliography

Attribution

Further reading
 Kennebec Maine Journal, Music, Augusta, Maine, Historical Series, VI of VI, October 23, 1976, Page 7. Syracuse Herald, <mask>a's Voice is Stilled by Death on Other Side of the Globe, Far From Her Friends, Monday Evening, May 11, 1914, Page 5. The Great Singers, by Henry Pleasants, fourth edition (Macmillan Publishing, London, 1983). The Record of Singing, Volume One, by Michael Scott (Duckworth, London, 1977).External links

 Nordica Memorial Association and Nordica Homestead Museum, Farmington, Maine
 Marston Records has reissued all the known Lillian Nordica recordings on a CD set. Slide show of images related to <mask>a from the Maine Memory Network
 <mask> Nordica, North American Theater Online, Bio and photos
 Haunt in The University of Maine at Farmington 116 South St Farmington, Me 04938 Farmington, MAINE Franklin Haunt

1857 births
1914 deaths
American operatic sopranos
People from Farmington, Maine
19th-century American women opera singers
American stage actresses
Deaths from pneumonia in Indonesia
University of Maine at Farmington
New England Conservatory alumni

masks:
Lillian Nordica
Lillian Allen Norton
Lillian
Lillian Nordic
Lillian Nordic
Lillian


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<mask> (by 1511–12 September 1570) was an English landowner and politician of Shropshire origin, prominent regionally during the mid-Tudor and early Elizabethan periods . Background

<mask> was the eldest son of <mask> of High Ercall, Shropshire, and Anne Corbet, the daughter of Sir Robert Corbet of Moreton Corbet and his wife, Elizabeth Vernon. The <mask>s were one of the leading families in Shropshire, a county dominated throughout the 16th century by its landed gentry, although they had land in several other counties. <mask> himself greatly expanded the Newports' wealth. John Leland observed that "This man, and Mitton of Cotton by Shrobsbyri had Syr John Boroues landes in Shropshir and Warwik." This partnership is confirmed by land records showing, for example, that <mask> and Mitton, together with John Lingen, their cousin and Sir John Burgh's grandson, sold their interest in Burgh's wood at Stirchley in 1501 to another cousin, Sir Edward Leighton of Wattlesborough. Newport also inherited land in Kent from Henry Grey, 4th (7th) Baron Grey of Codnor.The Corbets were another of the group of powerful gentry families that dominated the county. Anne Corbet's brothers, Roger, <mask> and Reginald, were all major landowners with numerous connections at court and, at various times, MPs. Both <mask> and Reginald were prominent members of the powerful Council in the Marches of Wales, and Reginald a Justice of the King's Bench: both were considerably younger than their sister Anne, and probably not older than their nephew <mask>. Education

Newport was admitted to the Inner Temple by its ruling parliament on 7 May 1525. The date of Newport's admission to the Inner Temple is the main guide to his date of birth. The parliament noted that he had paid a fine of 26s 8d or two marks to be excused holding any office at his Inn or having to attend during the vacations, these being the vacation periods at the law courts, when important academic lectures and discussions were scheduled for the students. This suggests that his legal education was never intended to be at a professional level, but simply the rudiments useful to a future landowner and local politician.Nevertheless, it was an important source of contacts: Newport was to have close social and political links with other Inner Templars throughout his career. Career

A fortunate marriage

<mask> began to make his mark politically even before he succeeded to the family estates. Some time in the 1540s he married Margaret Bromley, the daughter of Sir Thomas Bromley, a prominent member of the Inner Temple and a Justice of the King's Bench, later Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. Bromley had profited greatly both from his legal practice and from property speculation in partnership with the immensely rich merchant Sir Rowland Hill, the first known Protestant to become Lord Mayor of London. The pair had invested heavily in lands made available by the dissolution of the monasteries, especially the large estates of Shrewsbury Abbey. As Margaret was the only child and heir to Bromley's fortune, Newport had expectation of gaining lands across five counties to add to his patrimony. Henry VIII trusted Bromley, making him an executor of his will.On the king's death in 1547, Thomas Bromley became a member of the regency council of the boy successor, Edward VI, although he kept his distance from the political in-fighting within the council. This added access to the highest circles of government to Newport's power base among the local gentry – a factor confirmed by his own father being pricked as High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1549-50. MP for Shropshire

<mask> was elected to represent Shropshire in the House of Commons of England in 1547, taking the second seat, after Sir George Blount. This was the first parliament of the reign of Edward VI and lasted until April 1552, sitting through the momentous changes of the most radical phase of the English Reformation. Blount was a friend and supporter of the avowedly-Protestant John Dudley, despite his own Catholic commitment. It is known that Blount supported and profited from further secularisation of church lands, including the chantries. However, nothing is known of Newport's parliamentary contribution.He was paid 13d. in 1549 by Shrewsbury's bailiffs on returning from Norfolk, which suggests that he, like Blount, was involved in the campaign to suppress Kett's Rebellion. In 1551, <mask> died and <mask> succeeded to his estates. Although a large landowner, Thomas had been forced to set aside two thirds of his valuable estate at Bickmarsh, then in Warwickshire, in trust to yield funds for the marriage of <mask>'s sisters, Ursula and Katherine – a process expected to take about ten years. The remaining third, in addition to estates around Newport, Shropshire, he used to set up his younger sons with homes and estates for life. This still left £100 to find for Elizabeth, <mask>'s youngest sister. Although a considerable part of his wealth was potential rather than actual, <mask> was made sheriff of his native county immediately after inheriting.In 1553 he was made commissioner for the goods of churches and fraternities in Shropshire, so he was certainly prepared to profit from the dissolution of church institutions. <mask> was in good standing with the regime, throughout changes in leadership, but this gives little indication of his true political and religious inclinations. As the example of his colleague Blount shows, personal loyalties and interests might affect actions more than ideology. One clue to <mask>'s probably evolving beliefs is that he owned a copy of Edward Hall's chronicle of the Wars of the Roses and early Tudor period, entitled The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke. This appeared in 1548, after the author's death, and is notable for its anti-clerical tone, especially in the sections on what Hall regarded as the abuses of Cardinal Wolsey's ascendancy. Hall supported the breach with the Papacy and placed great emphasis on submission to royal power, which seems to accord with <mask>'s own inclinations. Only occasionally, however, did he express his Protestant loyalties explicitly, as in a passage dealing with the death of William Tyndale in which he wrote with approval of the role of Martin Luther.Hall seems to have had some links with Shropshire, as he was MP for Much Wenlock and Bridgnorth. <mask>'s copy of his chronicle, containing annotations sometimes attributed to William Shakespeare, is now in the Library at Eton College, Windsor. Under Queen Mary

<mask> seems to have accepted the political and religious twists and turns of the mid-Tudor period, and it is impossible to know with what reluctance. He did not sit in any of Mary's parliaments. However, he was made a Justice of the Peace in 1554 and chosen as High Sheriff of Shropshire again in 1557. His father-in-law, Chief Justice Bromley, had died in 1555, giving Newport some access to his great wealth, so he was now one of the richest and most influential men in the county. However, there were plenty of Catholics to choose from, so he must have seemed trustworthy to the Catholic regime to be honoured and empowered with the shrievalty.As sheriff, Newport was a contracting party or returning officer in not only the elections for the county constituency, but also the Shropshire borough seats. For the last parliament of the reign, which assembled in January 1558, he oversaw, and probably influenced, the return of his wife's second cousins, George Bromley at Much Wenlock, and Thomas Bromley, the future Lord Chancellor, at Bridgnorth. Both were members of the Inner Temple and favourites of the late chief justice. One of the county seats was taken by Newport's uncle, <mask>. All three seem to have been Protestants by inclination, but not openly so at the time. Elizabethan period

Newport was close to the end of his shrievalty when Mary died on 17 November 1558. Evidently he was in London at the time and travelled back to Shropshire to ensure Elizabeth I was properly acclaimed as queen.This he did at Much Wenlock on 25 November, although a public proclamation had actually already occurred on the day of Mary's death. Sir Thomas Botelar or Butler, the vicar of Much Wenlock, recorded in his parish register:
And upon St Catherines day, as Sir Thomas Botelar Vicar of this Church of the Holy Trinity of Moch Wenlock was going toward the Altar to celebration of the Mass, Mr. <mask> of High Ercal Esqr then being Sheriff of Salop, coming late from London, came unto me and bad me that I after the Offertorie should come down into the Body of the Church, and unto the people there being, should say these words in open audience and loud voice. Friends ye shall pray for the prosperous estate of our most noble Queen Elizabeth, by the Grace of God Queen of England France and Ireland, defender of the faith, and for this I desire you every man and woman to say that Pater Noster with ave Maria. Having compelled the congregation to offer distinctively Catholic prayers for the Protestant queen, <mask> then went out into the market square and ordered Elizabeth's accession to be proclaimed again. This very public show of support

masks:
Sir Richard Newport
Richard Newport
Thomas Newport
Newport
Thomas Newport
Newport
Richard
Richard
Richard Newport
Richard Newport
Richard Newport
Thomas Newport
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard Newport
Newport
Newport
Newport
Newport
Newport
Richard Corbet
Richard Newport
Newport


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 heralded a final decade of apparently whole-hearted support for the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. In 1560, <mask>, now in his 50s, served in Scotland under William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton, taking part in the Siege of Leith. He was knighted by Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk on 21 July at Berwick-upon-Tweed, as the army returned, after the Treaty of Edinburgh secured an end to French intervention in Scotland.In 1564, when the bishops were ordered by the Privy Council to vet the local justices, Thomas Bentham, the Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, consulted on the Shropshire bench with <mask>, his cousin Andrew Corbet and George Leigh, the Bailiff of Shrewsbury. They were able to supply a list of those "meet to continue in office," including themselves and a number of relatives. Asked to for those who were learned in the law as well as reliable Protestants, they named Reginald Corbet and George Bromley. As an entirely reliable regional supporter of the regime, it was inevitable that <mask> would be appointed to the Council in the Marches of Wales, although the date of this is uncertain. He was also selected as sheriff of the county again for 1568-9, thus occupying the post under each of Henry VIII's children. Death

<mask> made his will on 11 September 1570 and died the following day. Shrewsbury's chronicle, giving a different date, reported:
This yeare and the xviijth of September 1570 one Syr Rychard <mask> a valiant knyght of Shropshire and of a pryncely personage dysceassyd for whose deathe there was mutche mone made in Shrosberye.Newport's will begins with an exemplary Protestant declaration of faith:
First and principally, I yield up my soul into the merciful hands of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, believing assuredly to be saved only through God’s mercy purchased for me by the death and bloodshedding of Jesus Christ, God and man, my only Saviour and Redeemer, & by no other means. Newport named his widow and eldest son, Francis as executors, while George and Thomas Bromley, described as cousins, were made supervisors. Margaret Bromley was given considerable responsibility in meeting Newport's obligations to his children as, despite his great wealth, he did not have the spare money to meet the full costs of the daughter's marriages or the sons' educations. He was forced to assign a large part of his High Ercall estate to this purpose for eight years, charging Margaret Bromley with managing the lands appropriately. He was anxious that his daughters, Isabel and Elizabeth, already married, should have their marriage money available as soon as their fathers-in-law had arranged their jointures. He was very generous to all his servants, ordering that all should receive a whole year's pay in addition to any outstanding from the current year. Some were given considerably more, including Jockey, a servant who had returned with him from the Scottish campaign, who was to receive £13 6s.8d., and Margaret Gibbons, his maid, who was allotted £6 13s. 4d. Cash sums were given to his brothers, brothers-in-law and sons. George Bromley was given first choice of his geldings and William Gratwood, who had married his daughter Mary, was to take the best of the remainder. <mask> asked to be buried in the parish church at Wroxeter, near the tomb of his wife's parents. This request was met. He was given a large altar tomb, on the south side of the chancel, with brilliantly coloured effigies of himself, in full Elizabethan armour, and his wife, Margaret.Marriage and family

<mask>'s marriage to Margaret, the daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Bromley of Eyton on Severn, Wroxeter, and Shrewsbury, produced at least the eight children who are depicted on their tomb. They had four sons, including the heir, <mask> (died 1623), and four daughters. Sir <mask>, the eldest son and heir, married Beatrix Lacon. Their son and heir was
<mask>, 1st Baron <mask>, whose title was a reward from Charles I for his financial support at the beginning of the English Civil War. His heir was:
<mask>, 1st Earl of Bradford, an important regional supporter of Charles II but later a Whig who sought to exclude James II and was temporarily barred from public life himself. <mask>, the fourth son, was MP for Shrewsbury
<mask>, married William Gratwood or Gratewood, nephew of Rowland Hill, the first Protestant Lord Mayor of London. The entry for the Newports in the Visitation of Shropshire features Mary twice, initially as a sister of Sir <mask>, and only afterwards as a daughter.Placing her as a sister of Sir <mask> seems more plausible chronologically, but there is no mention of a daughter called Mary in the will of <mask>. <mask>'s will definitely names William Gratwood as a son-in-law, which seems conclusive, but oddly never mentions Mary as Gratwood's wife, although all the other daughters are named. This is probably because Mary was considerably older and her marriage was settled well before. Green names Ralph Sneyd, uncle of Elizabeth Trentham, Countess of Oxford, as her second husband. He was a Staffordshire landowner who was High Sheriff of the county twice. <mask> married Sir Charles Foxe, whose father of the same name was a member of the Inner Temple, MP for Ludlow and Much Wenlock and secretary to the Council in the Marches. The son bitterly and unsuccessfully contested his father's will, which provided for an illegitimate son and children of his second marriage.<mask> married in turn two cousins: Francis Lawley and Thomas Lawley. The first marriage produced the line of Lawley baronets. Magdelen <mask>, married in turn <mask> (d.1596) and Sir John Danvers (c.1585-1655), and was mother of the poet George Herbert. She was a friend of poets, including John Donne. Margaret Bromley long survived her husband. <mask> had arranged, as part of her jointure, for her to receive estates in Pembrokeshire and Worcestershire, as well as at Shifnal. <mask> had also bought for her land at Cound and Cressage for her from Sir John Lyttelton   She died in 1598 and it was only at this point that her large estates were formally handed over to her son, Francis.Family tree: descendants of <mask>

The main lines of descent from <mask> and Margaret Bromley are shown on the following family tree. Based on the Newport pedigree in the Visitation of Shropshire, with details from History of Parliament Online. Notes

References
Mary Bateson (ed) (1893). A collection of original letters from the bishops to the Privy Council, 1564 in The Camden Miscellany, Volume the Ninth, Camden Society, 1895, accessed 27 June 2014 at Internet Archive. G C Baugh, C R Elrington (Editors), A P Baggs, D C Cox, Jessie McFall, P A Stamper, A J L Winchester (1985). A History of the County of Shropshire: Volume 11: Telford, Institute of Historical Research. Accessed 27 June 2014.Bernard Burke (1879).A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, 6th ed., Volume II, Harrison. Accessed 2 July 2014 at Internet Archive. W.G.D. Fletcher (1911). Shropshire Parish Registers: Diocese of Lichfield, Volume XI, Shropshire Parish Register Society. Accessed 1 July 2014 at Internet Archive. George Grazebrook and John Paul Rylands (editors) (1889).The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623: Part I by Robert Tresswell, Somerset Herald, and Augustine Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant of arms; marshals and deputies to William Camden, Clarenceux king of arms. With additions from the pedigrees of Shropshire gentry taken by the heralds in the years 1569 and 1584, and other sources, Harleian Society. Accessed 27 June 2014 at Internet Archive. George Grazebrook and John Paul Rylands (editors) (1889). The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623: Part II. Harleian Society. Accessed 14 March 2014 at Internet Archive.Nina Green (transcriber and translator) (2007). Testamentum Ricardi Newporte militis (Will of Sir <mask>), The National Archives Prob 11/53, f.290. Accessed 1 July 2014 at the Oxford Authorship Site. Nina Green (transcriber and translator) (2007). Testamentum Thome <mask>e (Will of <mask>), The National Archives Prob 11/34, f.112. Accessed 1 July 2014 at the Oxford Authorship Site. Edward Hall (1809 edition).Hall's Chronicle, Johnson, Rivington, et al. Accessed 2 July 2014 at Internet Archive. Frederick Andrew Inderwick (editor) (1896). A Calendar of the Inner Temple Records, Volume 1, Inner Temple, accessed 27 June 2014 at Internet Archive. W.A. Leighton (ed.) (1880).Early Chronicles of Shrewsbury 1372-1603 in Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society (Series 1), Volume 3. W.A. Leighton (ed.) (1883), accessed 27 June 2014 at Internet Archive. The Register of Thomas Botelar, Vicar of Much Wenlock in Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society (Series 1), Volume 6, accessed 27 June 2014 at Internet Archive. William A. Shaw (1906). The Knights of England, volume 2, Sherratt and Hughes.Accessed 27 June 2014 at Internet Archive. Lucy Toulmin Smith (ed) (1906). The Itinerary in Wales of John Leland, George Bell and Sons, accessed 27 June 2014 at Internet Archive. 1570 deaths
High Sheriffs of Shropshire
Year of birth uncertain
English MPs

masks:
Newport
Newport
Newport
Newport
Newport
Newport
Newport
Francis Newport
Francis Newport
Richard Newport
Newport
Francis Newport
Andrew Newport
Mary Newport
Richard
Richard
Thomas Newport
Richard Newport
Isabel Newport
Elizabeth Newport
Newport
Richard Herbert
Thomas Newport
Richard Newport
Richard Newport
Richard Newport
Richard Newport
Newport
Thomas Newport