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<mask> AO (born 1 July 1949) is a British-born Australian singer. <mask> was a teen pop idol from 1967 until 1979, billed then as <mask>, but has since forged a career as an adult contemporary singer. His career has mostly been as a solo artist, although he replaced Glenn Shorrock as lead singer of Little River Band from 1982 to 1985. In September 1986, his solo single "You're the Voice" peaked at No. 1 on the Australian singles charts. The associated album, Whispering Jack, held the No. 1 position for a total of 25 weeks and is the second-highest-selling album in Australian history.Both the single and the album had top-ten success internationally, including No. 1 in Sweden. <mask> has become one of his country's best-known and most popular performers, and he is the only Australian artist to have a number-one record in five consecutive decades (echoing that of Sir Cliff Richard in the UK), with singles: "Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)" in 1967, "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" in 1970, and "Age of Reason" in 1988; and albums: Whispering Jack in 1986, Age of Reason in 1988 Chain Reaction in 1990, Then Again... in 1993, 33⅓ in 2000, and The Last Time in 2002. Along with touring with numerous artists, including, The Seekers and international acts like Stevie Nicks and Lionel Richie, he released collaborative albums including with Tom Jones on Together in Concert (2005) and Olivia Newton <mask>, including Highlights from The Main Event (1998; also with Anthony Warlow), Two Strong Hearts Live (2015), and Friends for Christmas (2016). <mask> has been recognised by many honours and awards, including 1987 Australian of the Year, 1996 Officer of the Order of Australia, and 19 ARIA Awards, including his 2003 induction into the Hall of Fame. From 1969 he was voted by TV Week readers as the 'King of Pop' for five consecutive years. Aside from his recording career, <mask> performed on stage with lead roles in Australian productions of Charlie Girl, Pippin and 1992's Jesus Christ Superstar.He starred in his own TV series and specials, including It's Magic (With Colleen Hewett), Bobby Dazzler, and Farnham and Byrne (with Debra Byrne), and as a guest on numerous other popular shows such as The Don Lane Show, Countdown and Hey Hey It's Saturday. Australian rock historian Ian McFarlane described him as "the most successful solo artist in the history of Australian rock and pop ... <mask> has retained an affable sense of humour and a simple, unpretentious 'everyman' charm which also makes him one of the most respected celebrities in Australian entertainment history." Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Dagenham, England, on 1 July 1949, to <mask> <mask> Sr., and Rose (née Pemberton) <mask>. His sisters are Jean and Jaquiline, and his younger brother is Steven. <mask> spent his first ten years in the United Kingdom before his family emigrated to Australia in 1959 to live in Melbourne, Victoria. He attended school at Yarraman Park State School (now Yarraman Oaks Primary School), Lyndale Primary School and Lyndale High School. Musical career

1964–67: The Mavericks to Strings Unlimited
As <mask> he performed with local band The Mavericks on weekends, while still attending school, from 1964.The band had a five-song repertoire. In late 1965, he was asked to join band Strings Unlimited as lead singer; it was a band composed entirely of string-only instruments, and they had a regular booking at a local hotel. In 1966, after making the state finals of the Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds, they recorded a three-track demo tape with <mask> on vocals, Stewart Male on lead guitar, Barry Roy on rhythm guitar, Mike Foenander on keyboards, Joe Cincotta on bass and Peter Foggie on drums. On 29 April 1967, Strings Unlimited performed as a backing band for pop singer Bev Harrell in Cohuna. Harrell's manager and then-boyfriend, Darryl Sambell, was impressed with <mask>'s vocals and offered to become his manager. Initially performing in Sambell's home town of Adelaide, Farnham recorded a light advertising jingle "Susan Jones" for flight company Ansett-ANA and was offered a solo record contract working with EMI under house producer David Mackay. 1967–79: Teen pop idol
<mask>'s first commercially successful recording was a cover of British novelty song "Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)"; Sambell had disliked it, as the lyrics were so persistent.However, EMI's in-house producer, David MacKay, insisted, and so the single was released in November 1967. The B-side, "In My Room" was written by <mask>. By arrangement with Sambell, Melbourne radio DJ Stan Rofe pretended that he disliked "Sadie" before playing it. The song gave <mask> recognition in Australia. Rofe continued the ploy on TV's Uptight and viewers responded with calls to play the song. It hit No. 1 on the Australian singles charts in January 1968 and remained there for 6 weeks.Selling 180,000 copies in Australia, "Sadie" was the highest-selling single by an Australian artist of the decade and became the biggest-selling single in Australia at that time. Rofe was a writer for Go-Set, a teen-oriented pop magazine, another writer for the magazine, Ian "Molly" Meldrum, praised <mask>'s efforts. Go-Set ran a pop poll to determine the 'King of Pop', which was first won by Normie Rowe for 1967–1968. <mask>'s 1968 singles were "Underneath the Arches" and "I Don't Want to Love You"; each peaked at #6. In 1969, <mask> released his album Everybody Oughta Sing a Song, which peaked at No. 12 on the Australian albums charts. His next single was a cover of Harry Nilsson's "One"; <mask>'s version peaked at #4.When TV Week sponsored the 'King of Pop' awards, readers would forward their votes from coupons; <mask> won the most popular male award and was crowned 'King of Pop' five consecutive times from 1969 to 1973. He recorded a cover of the B.J. Thomas hit "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", which became his second No. 1 hit in December 1969 and remained at top spot for seven weeks into January 1970. <mask>'s next album, Looking Through a Tear, was released in July 1970 and peaked at #11. "Comic Conversations", his single from October, peaked at #10. During 1971, <mask> teamed up with Allison Durbin, who had been chosen as 'Most Popular Female Performer' at the 'King of Pop' awards for 1969–71.They released an album, Together, in September and a single, "Baby, Without You". in November, both peaked into the top 30 of their respective charts. As well as his singing career, <mask> performed in stage musicals, starting with Dick Whittington and His Cat in 1971, and on television variety shows either as a guest performer or as a host. At 22, <mask> was appointed 'King of Moomba' in 1972, with Melbourne paper The Sun describing him as a "likeable English migrant" who is "King of Pop, King of Kids and today <mask> was King of Moomba." In 1972, <mask> had a top 5 national hit with a cover version of the title track from the David Cassidy international hit album, Rock Me Baby. Another stage musical for Farnham was Charlie Girl in 1971. Jillian Billman was one of the dancers, and <mask> married her on 18 April 1973.Meldrum announced their wedding plans in Go-Set but Sambell denied the early reports, and, despite being best man at the wedding, was against Billman marrying <mask>. The clean-cut pop star had made several more albums and singles, but by the mid-1970s his recording career had begun to dwindle and he turned more to stage musicals and television. <mask> and 'Queen of Pop' for 1972–1973, Colleen Hewett, combined on the 1973–74 stage musical, Pippin, and its associated show album released in 1974. Also in 1974, <mask> and Hewett were co-hosts of It's Magic, a children's TV series on Channel Ten. He became familiar to viewers of Countdown when hosting its first colour transmission in early 1975 and introducing Skyhooks' performance of "Horror Movie". Relations with Sambell became strained and in January 1976 they announced their split. <mask> first turned to Kenn Brodziak, producer of Pippin, for his management during 1976–78, and then to Danny Finley, Hewett's then husband, from 1978.<mask> starred in a situation comedy series Bobby Dazzler as the title character during 1977–78, and narrated documentaries including Survival with <mask>. <mask> was in financial trouble with unpaid taxes and the collapse of a restaurant venture with Hewett and Finley. <mask>'s singing career was now confined to the cabaret circuit and stage musicals. In 1979, he changed his stage name to <mask>. 1980–85: Little River Band era
<mask> had met Glenn Wheatley, who was bass guitarist of 1960s rock group The Masters Apprentices, when both acts were managed by Sambell. Wheatley was now managing Little River Band (LRB), and <mask> signed with Wheatley in 1980. They decided his comeback single would be a reworking of The Beatles' "Help!", which was produced by LRB's Graeham Goble, it peaked at #8. <mask> was utilising a more adult contemporary pop style and the associated album, Uncovered, also produced by Goble, peaked at #20. The B-side of "Help" was another of <mask>'s songwriting efforts "Jillie's Song", co-written with Goble. In recording the album, <mask>'s studio band were guitarist Tommy Emmanuel (ex-Southern Star Band), keyboardist Mal Logan (ex-Renée Geyer Band, LRB), drummer Derek Pellicci (LRB) and bass guitarist Barry Sullivan (ex-Chain). They became his tour band until Logan and Pellicci returned to their LRB commitments and were replaced by Sam McNally and David Jones, respectively. In 1980, Farnham also appeared in a TV series entitled Farnham and Byrne with former Young Talent Time teen star and 'Queen of Pop' Debra Byrne. Three other solo singles followed in 1981, but none of them charted into the top 50.In February 1982, after Glenn Shorrock had departed Little River Band, <mask> became their lead vocalist after recommendations by Goble and Wheatley. <mask> had initially resisted the idea of joining LRB, but Wheatley convinced him that Shorrock approved of the replacement. This continued <mask>'s move away from cabaret and into rock music. With <mask>, Little River Band recorded three studio albums, which had modest success, but it was not enough to pay back the advances the record company had provided. The first studio album, The Net, was already written, and <mask> had no say in the songs; he just had to record his lead vocals. In the US, charting albums with <mask>'s vocals included Greatest Hits (1982), The Net (1983), and Playing to Win (1984) on Billboard Pop Albums chart/Billboard 200. While charting singles were, "The Other Guy", "We Two", "You're Driving Me Out of My Mind" and "Playing to Win".<mask>'s biggest Australian hits with LRB were the 1982 single "Down on the Border" which peaked at No. 7 and The Net which peaked at No. 11 on the albums charts in 1983. During this time, <mask> started supplying vocal tracks for films, including Savage Streets (1984), The Slugger's Wife (1985), and Fletch (1985); he later continued with Rad (1986) and Voyage of the Rock Aliens (1987). "Justice for One" was co-written by <mask>, for Savage Streets and it was released as a solo single. Little River Band recorded a concert in Melbourne that aired in the United States on HBO. The concert video was only one hour long, and it highlighted some of the songs from The Net as well as reworked versions of Little River Band classics such as "Cool Change" and "Reminiscing"."Please Don't Ask Me", a song written by Goble, and a non-top 50 single for <mask> almost three years previously, was played during the "Australian-themed" opening of the show. Despite positive Australian and US reviews and responses, this performance has not yet been released on VHS or DVD. In an interview with Channel Seven, <mask> stated: "I'll be better off leaving, rather than putting myself under pressure that I've created." Through this matter, it became apparent to the band that <mask> was intending on leaving and Playing to Win'''s lead single "Playing to Win", a song believed by all to be the band's return to success, then started having authorship disputes. According to <mask>:

As a result, <mask>'s relationship with the band was further sullied. To date, the royalties for the song are meticulously divided with different shares to each of the song's contributors, including Goble, <mask>, Stephen Housden, David Hirschfelder and Wayne Nelson. By late 1985, LRB were in conflict again and <mask> left.In mid-1986, Little River Band released the third studio album, No Reins, but <mask> was already pursuing his solo career. 1986–97: Peak solo years
"You're the Voice" and Whispering <mask> had started collecting a songlist for a future solo album while still in Little River Band. He finished his vocals for their album, No Reins, and left in late 1985. <mask>'s first solo performances since 1981 were live shows with Brett Garsed on lead guitar, Sam See on guitar, Derek Pellicci on drums, Bruno Di Stanislo on electric bass and vocals. Sound engineer Ross Fraser suggested to Farnham's manager Glenn Wheatley that it was time to start working on the solo album. Wheatley searched vainly for a producer and record label willing to work with <mask>; Fraser took on the producer role, and Wheatley provided financial support after mortgaging his house. While visiting a jazz club in the US, <mask> was mistakenly introduced as Jack Phantom, and when he subsequently provided a running commentary for a local pool game he named himself Whispering Jack Phantom after the Pot Black commentator, "Whispering Ted Lowe".His work for the album, Whispering Jack, included expanding his songlist with Fraser's advice. "A Touch of Paradise" was written by Gulliver Smith and Mondo Rock's Ross Wilson, while "Pressure Down" was provided by Harry Bogdanovs. Two weeks before the album was due to be recorded a demo tape arrived from London with similar material as "Pressure Down", <mask> and Fraser listened to the demo of "You're the Voice" and knew they had found a once-in-a-lifetime song. Another song on offer was "We Built This City" but <mask> knocked it back, so it was later recorded by US band Starship. Initially, public interest in the re-branded former teen-idol was difficult to cultivate, and radio stations refused to play <mask>'s album. Things, however, started to change after Sydney radio station 2Day FM played its first single, "You're the Voice", which was released in September 1986. Henceforth, radio stations began receiving requests for the song.Its television debut was on Hey Hey It's Saturday with Skyhook's Greg Macainsh providing bass guitar. "You're the Voice", peaked at No. 1 in Germany, Sweden and Australia, as well as being a top ten hit in some European countries: #3 in Switzerland, #6 in the UK, and No. 6 in Austria. The song was written by Andy Qunta (ex-Icehouse), Keith Reid (Procol Harum), Maggie Ryder and Chris Thompson (ex-Manfred Mann's Earth Band).Whispering Jack, released in October, became the highest-selling album by an Australian act in Australia, at the time, and peaked at number one on the Australian Album Charts for a total of 25 weeks. As of 2006, it was 24× platinum indicating sales of over 1.68 million units in Australia alone. The album was released internationally on RCA/BMG and peaked at No.1 in Sweden, No. 3 in Austria, and Top 20 in Norway. In August 1988 it returned to the Australian Top Ten. It also was the first Australian made music CD released in Australia. Other charting Australian singles were December's "Pressure Down", which peaked at No. 4, March 1987's "Touch of Paradise" and October's "Reasons". After the success of the album, <mask> followed with Jack's Back Tour; an initial itinerary of eleven performances was thought to be enough considering they were up against tours by Michael Jackson and Billy Joel; however, after high ticket sales, it was extended by eight more shows and made use of larger venues.At that time, Jack's Back Tour was the highest-grossing tour by an Australian act. <mask> Band now consisted of Garsed on lead guitar, David Hirschfelder on keyboards (ex-Little River Band), Macainsh on bass and Angus Burchall on drums. <mask> also had three tracks featured on the Rad movie soundtrack released in 1986. <mask> won six of the inaugural 1987 ARIA Music Awards for 'Album of the Year', 'Single of the Year', 'Highest Selling Album', 'Highest Selling Single', 'Best Male Artist' and 'Best Adult Contemporary Album'. On 19 July 1987, TV series Countdown broadcast its last show, the 1986 Countdown Music and Video Awards with <mask> winning the 'Best Album Award' for Whispering Jack. In 1988,

masks:
John Peter Farnham
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 Australia's Bicentennial Year, <mask> was named 1987 Australian of the Year, although he was not yet naturalised—a hastily organised swearing-in occurred before the honour was bestowed. He was chosen due to: "his outstanding contribution to the Australian music industry over 20 years."Age of Reason and Chain Reaction

<mask>'s July 1988 single, "Age of Reason", which peaked at No. 1 on the ARIA singles charts, was written by Johanna Pigott and Dragon member Todd Hunter. The album, Age of Reason, produced by Ross Fraser, debuted at No. 1 in August and stayed on top for eight weeks. It was the highest-selling album in Australia from 1988, and, as of 1997, it was 11× platinum indicating sales of over 770,000 units. Renewed interest in Whispering Jack returned it to the Top Ten in August, nearly two years after its initial release. To date, "Age of Reason" remains <mask>'s last No.1 Australian single. Other charting singles from this album were, "Two Strong Hearts" which peaked at No. 6 and "Beyond the Call". Age of Reason had international success peaking at No. 4 in Sweden, and No. 9 in Norway. At the 1988 ARIA Awards, <mask> won 'Best Male Artist', 'Best Adult Contemporary Album' for "Touch of Paradise", and the 'Outstanding Achievement Award'.In March 1989, <mask> was in Moscow, USSR to promote Greenpeace album Rainbow Warriors, as part of an international ensemble including David Byrne (Talking Heads), Peter Gabriel, Chrissie Hynde (The Pretenders), Annie Lennox (Eurythmics), and The Edge (U2). <mask> found time to record a duet with Dannielle Gaha, "Communication", which peaked at No. 13 in August 1989. It was recorded as part promotion for the Australian government's program to control the drug epidemic happening in the mid-'80s entitled "The Drug Offensive". The Drug Offensive logo can be seen attached to a television camera in the video clip made to promote the song.Chain Reaction produced by Fraser, was released in October 1990, and also debuted at No. 1 on the Australian album charts, it provided three Top Ten hit singles, "Chain Reaction" in August, "That's Freedom" in September and "Burn for You" in December. Unlike the previous two albums, where most songs were written by outside writers, Chain Reaction saw <mask> write nine of its twelve tracks with Fraser and keyboardist/musical director David Hirschfelder (ex-Little River Band) along with Phil Buckle (Burn For You) and Joe Crighton (The Time Has Come).The sound was less electronic and more acoustic, it became the biggest-selling album in Australia for 1990, and was No. 1 on the ARIA End of Year album chart. At the 1991 ARIA Awards, <mask> won 'Best Male Artist', 'Song of the Year' for "Burn for You", and 'Highest Selling Album' for Chain Reaction. Full House to Anthology
<mask>'s live album, released in November 1991, was Full House, produced by Ross Fraser and <mask>, which peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA album charts. It contained concert material recorded from May 1987 to October 1990. "Please Don't Ask Me" was released as a single, which peaked into the top 30.At No. 1 on the ARIA album charts was Jimmy Barnes' album, Soul Deep, it included a duet with <mask>, "When Something is Wrong with My Baby", which peaked at No. 3 on the singles charts. In August 1992, <mask> joined the Australian production of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar in the title role of Jesus. Fellow cast members included Angry Anderson as Herod, Kate Ceberano as Mary Magdalene, Russell Morris as Simon Zealotes, Jon Stevens as Judas and <mask> as Pontius Pilate. The stage soundtrack, Jesus Christ Superstar The Album, provided the single "Everything's Alright" by Ceberano, <mask> and Stevens, which peaked at No. 6 in September.<mask> released his next studio album, Then Again.., in October 1993, produced by Fraser and <mask>, which peaked at No. 1. Of its four singles only, "Seemed Like a Good Idea (At the Time)" reached the top 20. The album won "Highest Selling Album" at the ARIA Awards in 1994. <mask> never really wanted to try his luck overseas even though he had offers. In a TV Week interview promoting the Romeo's Heart album, he said that people had put pressure on him to live overseas but he had no intention of doing so. "I don't want to go to America to live", he said.He went on to say the pressures for him to relocate "come mainly from other people" but his manager, Glenn Wheatley, has never put this pressure on him. On Australia Day (26 January) 1996, <mask> was made an Officer of the Order of Australia, "In recognition of service to the Australian music industry and to charitable and community organisations, particularly those relating to youth." His single, "Have a Little Faith (In Us)", in March peaked at No. 3. The associated album, Romeo's Heart, produced by Fraser, was released in June and peaked at No. 2 and won "Best Adult Contemporary Album" at the ARIA Awards in 1996. <mask> collaborated with vocal group Human Nature to record "Every Time You Cry" which peaked at No.3 on the singles charts in October 1997. Also in 1997 he released a series of three compilation albums, Anthology 1: Greatest Hits 1986–1997, Anthology 2: Classic Hits 1967–1985 (Recorded Live) and Anthology 3: Rarities which all peaked in the top 20, with Anthology 1 reaching #1. 1998–present
The Main Event with Olivia Newton-<mask> and Anthony Warlow
For The Main Event Tour during October–December 1998, <mask> performed with Olivia Newton-<mask> and Anthony Warlow. The album Highlights from The Main Event peaked at No. 1 in December, sold 4× platinum, and won 'Highest Selling Album' at the 1999 ARIA Awards. The Main Event concert was broadcast on national TV and released on video. During April–May 1999, <mask> undertook the I Can't Believe He's 50 Tour, supported by Merril Bainbridge, Kate Ceberano, Human Nature, James Reyne, Ross Wilson, and Nana-Zhami containing his son, <mask>.Live at the Regent, recorded on 1 July 1999 (<mask>'s 50th birthday), was released in September and peaked at #7. On 21 December, <mask> performed a set for the Tour of Duty concert in Dili for the Australian troops serving with InterFET and East Timorese people. The concert included James Blundell, Dili Allstars, Gina Jeffreys, The Living End, Kylie Minogue, Doc Neeson and the RMC Band. Tour of Duty was the first of <mask>'s concerts to be webcast. For the 2000 Summer Olympics, <mask> and <mask> performed "Dare to Dream" during the Parade of Nations at the Opening Ceremony. Broadcast of the ceremony was viewed by an estimated 3.5 billion people around the world. <mask> appeared as himself in the final episode of the Australian television series The Games (2000).The Last Time to Tom Jones
On 1 January 2001, <mask> was awarded a Centenary Medal, "for outstanding service to Australian music", as part of Australia's celebration of a centenary of federation. In 2002, <mask> announced his decision to retire from full-scale national tours after his The Last Time Tour—he would still perform in concerts and record—which commenced on 6 November 2002 and finished on 15 June 2003. In conjunction with the tour, The Last Time was released in October 2002, it peaked at No. 1 and achieved 3× platinum sales. "The Last Time Tour" was a countrywide concert tour, taking a circus-style tent to smaller towns and filling large entertainment venues in capital cities, it became the biggest-grossing tour in Australian history. During July 2003, <mask> worked with Queen to produce a new version of "We Will Rock You" for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, released on his greatest hits album, "One Voice". Media reports of Queen asking <mask> to join the band were subsequently denied by both Queen's Brian May and <mask>.<mask> was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame on 21 October with a performance of "You're the Voice". <mask> also won 'Best Adult Contemporary Album' for The Last Time. 2002 Hall of Fame inductee was Olivia Newton-<mask>, while in 2004 Little River Band was inducted. Combining with singer Tom Jones, <mask> undertook the Together in Concert series during 2004 with ten shows in Perth, Sydney, Brisbane, and Melbourne. Duets started with "That Driving Beat" and "Mama Told Me Not to Come", solos from <mask> were "One", "Pressure Down", "That's Freedom", "Heart's on Fire", "Playing to Win", "Every Time You Cry", "Man of the Hour", "Age of Reason", and "Burn for You". The pair did five duets to close the show—Sam and Dave's "Hold On I'm Coming", Otis Redding's "Try a Little Tenderness", Ray Charles' "What'd I Say", Arthur Conley's "Sweet Soul Music" and AC/DC's anthem, "Long Way to the Top". The DVD release, Together in Concert – <mask> & Tom Jones, debuted at No 1.<mask>'s career resurrection following The Last Time, has entered the Australian consciousness as a touchstone for others who are seen to return from a strongly-declared retirement. The announcement of the Farnham/Jones Together In Concert tour triggered an unsuccessful claim for damages from a fan, angry that The Last Time tour was not in fact <mask>'s last, as purported in its marketing. Consumer watchdog the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission took no action following this complaint. <mask> made an appearance during the 2005 Melbourne Music Festival, raising funds for rebuilding after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake at the Tsunami Benefit Concert. I Remember When I Was YoungI Remember When I Was Young: Songs from The Great Australian Songbook was released in November 2005—it contains 13 covers of hits, written and performed by Australian artists—which peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA albums charts. In February 2006, <mask> performed four shows at the Sydney Opera House, with the Sydney Symphony, followed by shows at the Victorian Arts Centre's Hamer Hall, Melbourne.These shows were sponsored by Dairy Farmers and a percentage of revenue received from the 'I Remember When I was Young' concerts went to the Dairy Farmers 'Creating Greener Pastures' program to help farmers and their communities. A 2006 DVD of <mask> entitled <mask> with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra was released, it debuted at No. 2 on the ARIA DVD charts and then peaked at #1. From 18 February, <mask> embarked on a small Australian tour with Fleetwood Mac singer Stevie Nicks for a series of live shows. Both artists had equal billing but, unlike the Tom Jones shows, they did not sing together but individually. The same backup singers from the tour, however, were used by both Nicks and <mask>. On 26 March, <mask> sang at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Closing Ceremony, in Melbourne starting with his hit "Age of Reason", followed by "I Remember When I Was Young" from his most recent studio album, "Playing to Win" from his Little River Band days and finished with his anthem song, "You're the Voice".The twentieth anniversary of Whispering Jack in 2006 was marked by an "enhanced" commemorative CD re-release plus a DVD featuring an edited version of the tour that accompanied the album (the full concert was originally released on VHS in 1987). The original album was the first CD made in Australia and, as of June 2008, remains the highest-selling album in Australia by an Australian act. Jack and The Acoustic Chapel Sessions

On 27 May 2009, <mask> announced a new concert tour for September and October, "<mask> – Live By Demand". A new studio album, Jack, was released by Sony BMG on 15 October 2010. The album contains 11 tracks and is <mask>'s first studio album in over 5 years. Jack features covers of compositions by Ray Charles, Curtis Mayfield and Percy Sledge. The release of Jack coincides with a run of indoor and outdoor performances, under the title of "<mask>nham Live!", throughout October and November 2010. On 8 June 2011, it was announced that <mask> intended to embark on a nationwide tour of Australia throughout October and November 2011 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the release of the Whispering Jack album. In addition to this, the Whispering Jack Live video album was edited down by 20 minutes and re-released on DVD by Sony BMG. On 30 September 2011, <mask> released The Acoustic Chapel Sessions live album, recorded in Melbourne in July 2011 at Chapel Off Chapel. The album was released as a CD and DVD 2-disc set by Sony BMG. The CD contains eleven previously released Farnham songs recorded acoustically, while the DVD includes eight songs plus interviews with <mask> and the band as well as additional behind-the-scenes footage. Olympics, the Seekers and Olivia Newton-John tours
On 27 July 2012, <mask> performed live for the Australian Olympic team in London during the lead up to the 2012 Olympic Games.He performed a number of his best-known songs, including "Playing To Win", "Pressure Down", and "You're The Voice". He appeared in a special one-off show with the Seekers in 2014 as part of the "Decades Festival" commemorating the music, fashion and cars of specific era and coinciding with the Seekers' golden jubilee year. In 2015, <mask> joined Olivia Newton-<mask> on stage with a concert tour entitled "Two Strong Hearts Live", singing hits from <mask>'s film Grease, iconic Farnham numbers and renditions of popular classics such as Over the Rainbow and Tenterfield Saddler. An album was released in June 2015 and debuted at No. 1. Unauthorised music use
In 2015, <mask> and Wheatley spoke out against the use of his iconic signature song, "You're the Voice", being used by Reclaim Australia, an anti-Islamic group, and again in 2020 in regard to its use at anti-lockdown rallies during the stage 4 COVID-19 pandemic in Melbourne, Victoria which Wheatley described as offensive to <mask>. Band
, <mask>'s band members are musical director and keyboardist Chong Lim, Angus Burchall on drums, Brett Garsed on guitar, and Craig Newman on bass guitar.Backing vocalists are Lindsay Field, Lisa Edwards, Susie Ahern, and Rod Davies. Previously prominent long-serving members have included Venetta Fields and Stuart Fraser, from the band Noiseworks who regularly performed and toured with the band from 1992 until 2018 when his health deteriorated due to lung cancer. He died on 1 December 2019. Personal life
Farnham married Jillian Billman, a dancer he met when performing the stage musical Charlie Girl, on 11 April 1973. They have two sons, Robert and James. Farnham is a supporter of the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League. After years of performing at high-volume concerts, Farnham has tinnitus and hearing loss, and wears hearing aids.He lives on a farm near Bendigo, Victoria. Charity

<mask> has supported several charities over the years, including headlining the 2019 Hay Mate series of concert for Australia's farming community, which raised over 4.4 million dollars. Selected discography

 Sadie (1968)
 Everybody Oughta Sing a Song (1968)
 Looking Through a Tear (1970)
 Christmas Is... <mask> (1970)
 <mask> (1971)<mask> Sings the Shows (1972)
 Hits Magic & Rock 'N Roll (1973)J.P. <mask> Sings (1975)
 Uncovered (1980)
 Whispering Jack (1986)
 Age of Reason (1988)
 Chain Reaction (1990)Then Again... (1993)
 Romeo's Heart (1996)
 33⅓ (2000)
 The Last Time (2002)
 I Remember When I Was Young: Songs from the Great Australian Songbook (2005)
 Jack (2010)
 The Acoustic Chapel Sessions (2011)

Awards and nominations

<mask> has won and been nominated for numerous Australian music and entertainment awards. These include 21 ARIA Awards from 60 nominations including his induction into their Hall of Fame. Others are Countdown Music and Video Awards, Mo Awards and TV Week'' magazine's King of Pop Awards and their Logie Awards. In 2015, <mask>, along with AC/DC, <mask>, the Seekers, and Indigenous Australian artist Archie Roach, was inducted into the Music Victoria Hall of Fame. References

General
 Gazzo, Jane, "<mask>: The Untold Story", North Sydney, N.S.W.: Penguin Random House Australia, 2 November 2015. . Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality. Specific

External links

<mask> at the National Film and Sound Archive
<mask> in AusStage

1949 births
20th-century Australian  male  singers
21st-century Australian  male singers
ARIA Award winners
ARIA Hall of Fame inductees
Australian male singers
Australian male television actors
Australian of the Year Award winners
Australian plumbers
Australian pop singers
Australian soft rock musicians
English emigrants to Australia
Helpmann Award winners
Little River Band members
Living people
Logie Award winners
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Officers of the Order of Australia
People from Dagenham
Recipients of the Centenary Medal
Singers from Melbourne
Sony Music Australia

masks:
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
John Waters
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
John
Farnham
John
Farnham
Robert Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Newton John
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
John
Farnham
Farnham
John Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
John Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
John Farnham
Farnham
John Far
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
John
Newton John
Farnham
Farnham
John Farnham
Farnham
Johnny Farnham
Johnny
Johnny Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Farnham
Newton John
John Farnham
John Farnham
John Farnham


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<mask>-Miller, 1st Baronet (11 March 1859 – 4 July 1947) was a British insurance company manager director. He was also a Liberal and later Liberal National politician. Although he was born in England, his chief associations were with Scotland and in particular the city of Perth. In 1936, he was created a Baronet with the title of Norie-Miller of Cleeve in the New Year's Honours List for political and public service in the County of Perth and for his local philanthropy. Family and education
Norie-Miller was born at Cheshunt in Hertfordshire, the son of Henry Miller, the Chief Statistical Officer for HM Customs and his wife Anne Norrie. Norie-Miller was educated privately and then trained for the law but he never practised and began a career in insurance instead. In 1884 he married Grace Harvey Day, the daughter of the vicar of Cheshunt.They had two sons, Claud, who was killed on active service in 1917 and Stanley who went on to succeed his father in the baronetcy and in business. They also had a daughter, Elwena. Norie-Miller's first wife died in 1931 and three years later he married his secretary Florence Jean Belfrage McKim, of Scone in Perthshire. Career
Norie-Miller began his insurance career in London, then moved to Glasgow and for practically the next sixty years he was a chief officer of a number of insurance companies. He was particularly associated with the General Accident, Fire and Life Assurance Association, which he joined soon after it was incorporated in 1885. He played a crucial role in developing its business base in the United Kingdom and later was central in the company's expansion overseas, most notably in the USA. Under his dynamic direction the company built up a worldwide business.He went on to be its chairman and managing director. The portrait of Norie-Miller which hung in the company board room in Perth bore the legend "Founder of the Company". One historian of the insurance industry has described Norie-Miller as one of ‘the great insurance autocrats of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries’. Although Norie Miller based his business in Scotland it would appear that he didn't recognise Scotland as a nation. Advertising posters for his company would read Perth, N.B. i.e. North Britain.Public service
Norie-Miller was intimately involved with the civic life of Perth for many years. He was a Justice of the Peace for the county of Perthshire for nearly 50 years. For over 21 years he was Chairman of the School Board of Perth or of Perth County Education Authority and he was for 32 years Director (15 years chairman) Perth Royal Infirmary. In 1907 he was made an honorary fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland  and in 1933 he became a freeman of the city of Perth. Politics
Norie-Miller contested Perth as a Liberal at the 1931 general election. The Liberal Party, led by Sir Herbert Samuel had agreed to support the National Government of Ramsay MacDonald at the 1931 general election, with some reservations over the traditional Liberal policy of free trade and Norie-Miller fought the election publicly supporting the government . However the Conservatives also supported the National Government and neither party therefore had a clear advantage with the electorate in terms of identification with the National Government.Norie-Miller then stood down as prospective Liberal candidate for Perth and in 1934 the local Liberal Association selected James Scott, the former Liberal MP for Kincardine and Aberdeenshire West as their new representative. In 1935, when Lord Scone succeeded his father as Earl of Mansfield and Mansfield and went to the House of Lords, a by-election was called for Perth. However, instead of adopting James Scott as their Parliamentary candidate, the Perth Liberals invited Norie-Miller to fight the election as they learned that Perth Conservatives were willing not to oppose him at the by-election providing he stood as a National candidate. Scott was known as a strong supporter of Free Trade  whereas Norie-Miller favoured tariffs and protectionism. In a straight fight with the Labour candidate the former MP Adam McKinley, Norie-Miller won the by-election on 16 April 1935 by a majority of 9,532. Whether Norie-Miller simply did not take to political life, or found it clashed too greatly with his business responsibilities or if he just felt he was too old at 76 to give Parliament its proper attention, he decided not to contest the 1935 general election in November that year. There had clearly been some confusion about his candidacy and its joint support by local Liberal and Conservative Associations.Shortly before the election, a Captain Harry Houldsworth, looked set to contest the seat as a National Conservative but suddenly withdrew claiming he had misunderstood the local position and in the belief that Norie-Miller wished to continue. There was division in the Conservative ranks about whether to renew support for Norie-Miller. On 26 October, Norie-Miller did withdraw from the electoral race, citing medical reasons and the confusion of the position but the Unionists did not re-select Captain Houldsworth as their man, turning instead to Thomas Hunter, who was described in The Times newspaper as the Lord Provost of Perth and who could also rely on Liberal support. So no Liberal candidate of any stripe contested the 1935 general election in Perth which was won by the Unionists in a straight fight with Labour. Death
Norie-Miller remained active in the insurance business until the time of his death, as chairman of General Accident until 1944 and as its honorary governor from 1938 until his death in 1947. He died at his home at Cleeve, Cherrybank, near Perth, on 4 July 1947, aged 88 years, and was buried at St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth where he had been a worshipper. See also
 List of United Kingdom MPs with the shortest service

References

External links

1859 births
1947 deaths
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
Scottish Liberal Party MPs
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1931–1935
People from Cheshunt


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<mask> (born September 19, 1960) is an American chef, writer and restaurateur. <mask> co-owned restaurants in New York City; Las Vegas; Los Angeles and Newport Beach, California; Boston; Singapore; Westport, Connecticut; and New Haven, Connecticut. <mask> has appeared on the Food Network, on shows such as Molto Mario and Iron Chef America, on which he was one of the featured "Iron Chefs". In 2017, the restaurant review site Eater revealed multiple accusations of sexual assault against <mask> and, in March 2019, he sold all his restaurant holdings. Early life
<mask> was born in Seattle, Washington on September 19, 1960 to Marilyn (LaFramboise) and <mask>, who founded Seattle's Salumi restaurant in 2006. His father is of Italian descent and his mother is of part French-Canadian ancestry. <mask> attended Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey while working as a cook at the pub/restaurant Stuff Yer Face.In 1994, he married Susi Cahn and together they have two sons. <mask> is son-in-law to Miles and Lillian Cahn, founders of Coach Inc. <mask>'s brother <mask> was Director of Pixar RenderMan development from 2001 to 2015. Career
At 29, <mask> was a sous chef at the Four Seasons Biltmore after previously working as a sous chef for the then Four Seasons Clift Hotel San Francisco  (since 1995, known as "The Clift", under changed ownership)). Early in his career, <mask> worked with chef Jeremiah Tower at his San Francisco restaurant, Stars. Stars was open from 1984 until 1999 and is considered one of the birthplaces of the institution of the celebrity chef. <mask> appeared in the Food Network show Molto Mario which aired from 1996 to 2004. The show made <mask> a household name and popularized the Food Network.In 1998, <mask>, Joe Bastianich and Lidia Bastianich formed the B&B Hospitality Group, also known as Batali & Bastianich Hospitality Group. The flagship restaurant for B&B is Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca in New York City which has a Michelin star. <mask> was a co-host of the ABC daytime talk show The Chew from its premiere in 2011 until 2017. In 2012, a lawsuit was settled by <mask> (and B&B) with 117 members of the restaurant staff, who alleged that the Batali organization had skimmed a percentage of the tip pools in his restaurants over a period of years. Philanthropy and social activism
<mask> is a critic of hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, a method of natural gas extraction. He has signed onto the cause of Chefs for the Marcellus, whose mission is to "protect [New York's] regional foodshed from the dangers of hydraulic fracturing for natural gas (fracking)." In May 2013, <mask> co-wrote an opinion article with chef Bill Telepan for the New York Daily News, in which the two wrote that "Fracking ... could do serious damage to [New York's] agricultural industry and hurt businesses, like ours, that rely on safe, healthy, locally sourced foods."<mask> was the subject of a 2007 book titled "Heat" by Bill Buford which detailed his philosophy to various aspects of social activism, as well as cooking and life. <mask> served as an ambassador and on the board of directors for The Lunchbox Fund, a non-profit organization which provides a daily meal to students of township schools in Soweto, South Africa. In December 2017, <mask> stepped down from his role with the organization in response to sexual misconduct allegations against him. In 2008, <mask> and his wife Susi Cahn founded the Mario Batali Foundation, funding various children's educational programs and pediatric disease research. He supports the practice of Transcendental Meditation through the David Lynch Foundation. Cooking philosophy
In a 2012 interview, <mask> said that good Italian cooking was characterized by simplicity, an insight he attributed to his time working at a restaurant in Borgo Capanne, Italy. Sexual assault allegations

On December 11, 2017, restaurant news website Eater reported that four women accused <mask> of sexual harassment and sexual assault.By the following day, four more women had come forward. <mask> took a leave of absence from his position at the management company Batali & Bastianich Hospitality Group. Producers of ABC's The Chew asked him to step aside temporarily, while his fellow co-hosts publicly addressed the allegations on air, and he was fired from the show on December 14, 2017. Food Network halted plans to release episodes of his television show Molto Mario after the allegations. Target announced it pulled <mask>'s pasta sauces and cookbooks out of sales. In May 2018, more accusations of sexual assault against <mask> were aired on an episode of 60 Minutes, and the New York Police Department confirmed it was investigating <mask> for his past behavior, including an alleged assault that took place at The Spotted Pig, a restaurant where <mask> was an investor. <mask> denied an allegation of sexual assault, but said "My past behavior has been deeply inappropriate and I am sincerely remorseful for my actions."Days later, <mask>'s company B&B Hospitality Group announced it would be closing its three Las Vegas Strip restaurants after the Las Vegas Sands Corp. terminated the companies' relationship. In March 2019, <mask> surrendered ownership of his stakes in Batali & Bastianich Hospitality Group, a partnership between <mask> and the Bastianich family, including Joe and Lidia Bastianich. He also sold his minority ownership in Eataly, an Italian food marketplace. The Bastianiches said B&B Hospitality Group's name will change. <mask> was the first chef to surrender ownerships in all his restaurants after reports of sexual misconducts. In May 2019, <mask> was charged with indecent assault and battery, and was scheduled to be arraigned in Boston Municipal Court on Friday, May 24, 2019. In court, the accuser described an event that allegedly took place in March 2017 in which <mask> "grabbed her breasts, buttocks and groin, forcibly kissed her mouth and cheeks, and suggested they head to his nearby hotel".<mask> pled not guilty to these charges. In July 2021 and with the separate Boston case still yet to reach court, <mask>, Bastianich and their former restaurant company agreed to a settlement in the New York case wherein they would pay $600,000 to more than 20 former employees of their restaurants. Television and movie credits

Awards
 1998 – "Best New Restaurant of 1998" from the James Beard Foundation for "Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca"
 1999 – "Man of the Year" in GQ's chef category
 2001 – D'Artagnan Cervena Who's Who of Food & Beverage in America
 2002 – "Best Chef: New York City" from the James Beard Foundation
 2004 – Three Stars from The New York Times for "Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca" from Ruth Reichl. 2005 – "All-Clad Cookware Outstanding Chef Award" from the James Beard Foundation (national award)
 2008 – One Michelin star, Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca, Michelin Guide
 2008 – "Best Restaurateur" for Joe Bastianich/<mask> for Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca from the James Beard Foundation. Culinary Hall of Fame Induction. Works
 <mask> Simple Italian Food: Recipes from My Two Villages (1998),
 <mask>ali Holiday Food: Family Recipes for the Most Festive Time of the Year (2000),
 Vino Italiano: The Regional Wines of Italy (contributor) (2002),
 The Babbo Cookbook (2002),
 The Artist's Palate (foreword) (2003),
 Molto Italiano: 327 Simple Italian Recipes to Cook at Home (2005),
 <mask>lgates NASCAR Style (2006),
 Spain...A Culinary Road Trip (2008), written with Gwyneth Paltrow, and Julia Turshen. Italian Grill (2008), written with Judith Sutton.Molto Gusto: Easy Italian Cooking (2010), written with Mark Ladner. Molto <mask>: Simple Family Meals from My Home to Yours (2011),
 America – Farm to Table: Simple, Delicious Recipes Celebrating Local Farmers written with Jim Webster
 Mediterranean Summer, A Season on France's Côte d/Azur and Italy's Costa Bella (2007), written by David Shalleck and Erol Munuz  Contributor Foreword by <mask>

<mask> is also a main subject of Bill Buford's book Heat: An Amateur's Adventures as Kitchen Slave, Line Cook, Pasta-Maker, and Apprentice to a Dante-Quoting Butcher in Tuscany (2007)

See also
List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards

References

External links

 Biography on Food Network's site
 <mask> at the Chef and Restaurant Database

1960 births
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
American male chefs
American people of Italian descent
American restaurateurs
American television chefs
Alumni of Le Cordon Bleu
Chefs from New Jersey
Chefs from New York City
Chefs from Seattle
Chefs of Italian cuisine
Food Network chefs
Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants
James Beard Foundation Award winners
Living people
People from Seattle
Rutgers University alumni
Writers from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Writers from New York City
Writers from Seattle

masks:
Mario Francesco Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Armandino Batali
Batali
Batali
Mario Batali
Dana Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
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Batali
Batali
Batali
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Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Batali
Mario Batali
Mario Batali
Mario Bat
Mario Tai
Batali
Mario Batali
Batali
Mario Batali


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<mask> (born <mask>, February 11, 1954 in Port Washington, New York) is an American guitarist and songwriter. <mask> is known for his work as a session guitarist during the last 4 decades. He founded the rock group TRW in 2007. Early years
<mask> grew up in Port Washington, New York and attended Berklee College of Music for two years, studying with Pat Metheny before leaving to tour and record with a local R&B/funk group called The Ellis Hall Group. After four years with the group, <mask> moved to Los Angeles in the hopes of starting a career as a studio musician, almost immediately getting a touring gig with Joe Cocker. Money was tight and to support himself and his wife Gloria, <mask> supplemented gigs playing on songwriters' publishing demos and sporadic session work with a job as a cab driver until landing a year-long world tour with Cher. Following the tour, <mask> played guitar for the TV series Fame, a gig he would hold for four years, and started his own band, Slang.In 1983 he was invited by Andy Fraser, formerly of Free, to be the guitarist on his album Fine Fine Line, for Island Records (1984). The <mask> Band
In 1988, <mask> finally landed a record deal for an album of his own, with Geffen Records. The eponymous Michael <mask> Band (also known by its initial logo, MTB), featuring lead vocals by Moon Calhoun, released the album How Long in 1989 and had a Billboard chart hit that year with the single "Can't Miss". The single hit #33 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Other musicians on the album included Toto singer Bobby Kimball and ex-Kansas singer John Elefante on background vocals and John Keane, Terry Bozzio (Frank Zappa and Missing Persons) and Pat Torpey (Mr. Big) on drums. Later work
<mask> played on the eponymous debut album by the commercial fusion act Animal Logic, the brainchild of Police drummer Stewart Copeland and bassist Stanley Clarke. <mask> shared guitar duties with Peter Haycock (Climax Blues Band) and Steve Howe (Yes, Asia, GTR).Clarke and Copeland both went on to successful careers composing film scores for which they continued to tap <mask> for guitar work, and he has also worked on film scores by Hans Zimmer, James Newton Howard and Randy Edelman. Just as <mask>'s session career was hitting its stride, 1980s studio guitar staple Dann Huff left L.A. for Nashville and put out the word that producers and contractors who wanted him should instead call <mask>. Thanks to the studio engineer Humberto Gatica's suggestion, <mask> began what would become a decade-long hit-laden association with producer/songwriter David Foster, including a number of Celine Dion records, beginning with "The Power of Love". It was during another Dion session for Foster in 1995 that R&B singer/songwriter/producer Babyface heard him through the wall of the studio and invited him to play on the project he was there for, the #1 Waiting to Exhale: Original Soundtrack Album for Whitney Houston. Babyface, too, would frequently use <mask> throughout the 1990s, including on the huge hit "Change the World" with Eric Clapton and Babyface's own hit single, "Every Time I Close My Eyes". <mask> was in Babyface's live band for the MTV special, album and DVD Babyface: MTV Unplugged NYC 1997. Quincy Jones invited <mask> to be a guest on his 1995 album Q's Jook Joint.The following year <mask> released his first solo album, The World According to M.T. The album featured compositions by <mask>; a collaboration with Jeff Paris, who had guested on How Long; and a song written by another How Long collaborator, Mark Spiro. A cover of a Sam Cooke song, "A Change is Gonna Come", featuring Bobby Womack on vocals, peaked at #2 on the Billboard Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles. <mask>'s abilities and sensibilities are so trusted that BT magazine noted in its 2001 "Platinum Touch" cover story on <mask> that "These days, many artists and producers just drop their tapes off at <mask>'s home studio and let him add whatever he wants. It is a convenient, low-pressure way to work, but <mask> says he still loves to interact with other musicians at the big studios." In 2001 <mask> was awarded the "Distinguished Alumni" award from his alma mater Berklee College of Music to commemorate his contributions to the music industry. Berklee's program for the event noted that "he is widely regarded as being among the elite studio session players, and his list of credits includes such prominent names as <mask>, Whitney Houston, Celine Dion, 'N Sync, Toni Braxton, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart, Joe Sample, the Scorpions, Vince Neil, Christina Aguilera, <mask>, Thalía, Mariah Carey, Bette Midler, Madonna, BabyFace, En Vogue, Gloria Estefan, Stanley Clarke, and Ricky Martin."Robert John "Mutt" Lange worked with <mask> on Shania Twain's album Up! (2003). Here Mutt and Twain flew down to Milano to collaborate, as <mask> was working on recording with an Italian artist at the time. According to <mask> he first played on 7 tracks in Italy, and later Mutt asked him to come to Hawaii to play on most of the remaining tracks as well. In 2007, <mask> revisited his late-1980s melodic rock heyday with two projects. He recorded three new songs for a remastered re-release of <mask> Band's How Long, released in the summer of that year. He also formed a new band, TRW, with Mark Williamson on vocals and bass and John Robinson on drums.The group released the album Rivers of Paradise (2007). Discography
Solo
 The World According to M.T. (1998)
 M.T. 2 (1999) <mask>
 Short Stories (2000) Miyuki Nakajima
 Days in Avalon (2000) Richard Marx
 Friends for Schuur (2000) Diane Schuur
 You, Too Cool (2001) Eikichi Yazawa
 Christmas Memories (2001) Barbra Streisand
 Invincible (2001) <mask>
 Enchantment (2001) Charlotte Church
 Snowflakes (2001) Toni Braxton
 Josh Groban (2001) Josh Groban
 Up! Jane (1997) Trevor Jones
 Chill Factor (1999) Hans Zimmer
 Romeo Must Die (2000) Stanley Clarke
 Gideon's Crossing (2000) James Newton Howard
 Big Trouble (2002) James Newton Howard
 Hairspray (2007) Marc Shaiman

References

External links
[  <mask> at AllMusic]

1954 births
Living people
American session musicians
People from Port Washington, New York
Guitarists from New York (state)
Berklee College of Music alumni
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Geffen Records artists
Frontiers Records artists

masks:
Michael Thompson
Michael Wood Thompson
Thompson
Michael Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Michael Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Michael Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Michael Jackson
Michael Bolton
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Michael Thompson
Michael Bolton
Michael Jackson
Michael Thompson


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<mask> (1715–1804) was an English scholar and mythographer, who has been described as "the outstanding figure among the mythagogues who flourished in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries." <mask> was born at Plymouth. His father worked in the customs there, but was afterwards moved to Chatham. <mask> was first sent to a school near Rochester, and then to Eton College. In 1736 he was elected to a scholarship at King's College, Cambridge, where he took his degrees of B.A. (1740) and M.A. (1744), later being elected a fellow.He returned to Eton as private tutor to the Duke of Marlborough. In 1756 he accompanied the duke, who was master-general of ordnance and commander-in-chief of the forces in Germany, to the Continent as private secretary. He was rewarded by a lucrative appointment in the Board of Ordnance, which allowed him time to indulge his literary tastes. He was twice offered the mastership of Charterhouse school, but turned it down. <mask> died on 14 November 1804 at Cippenham near Windsor. He left his library to King's College, having previously made some valuable presents from it to the king and the Duke of Marlborough. He bequeathed £2000 to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and £1000 for the use of the retired collegers of Eton.Works
His chief works were A New System or Analysis of Ancient Mythology (1774–76, and later editions), Observations on the Plain of Troy (1795), and Dissertation concerning the Wars of Troy (1796). He also wrote on theological, political and literary subjects. Mythographer
<mask> saw all mythology as derived from the Hebrew Scriptures, with Greek mythology arising via the Egyptians. The New System attempted to link the mythologies of the world to the stories recorded in Genesis. <mask> argued that the descendants of Ham had been the most energetic, but also the most rebellious peoples of the world and had given rise to the great ancient and classical civilisations. He called these people "Amonians", because he believed that the Egyptian god Amon was a deified form of Ham. He argued that Ham had been identified with the sun, and that much of pagan European religion derived from Amonian sun worship.John Richardson was <mask>'s chief opponent, in the preface to his Persian Dictionary. In an anonymous pamphlet, An Apology, <mask> defended and reaffirmed his opinions. Richardson then revised the dissertation on languages prefixed to the dictionary, and added a second part: Further Remarks on the New Analysis of Ancient Mythology (1778). <mask> also wrote a pamphlet in answer to Daniel Wyttenbach of Amsterdam, about the same time. Sir William Jones frequently mentions <mask>'s model, accepting parts of it and criticising others, particularly his highly conjectural etymologies. He referred to the New System as "a profound and agreeable work", adding that he had read it through three times "with increased attention and pleasure, though not with perfect acquiescence in some other less important parts of his plausible system". <mask> in the New System acknowledges help from William Barford.His theories are widely credited as an influence on the mythological system of William Blake, who had worked in his capacity as an engraver on the illustrations to <mask>'s New System. Classical scholar
In his books on Troy, <mask> endeavoured to show that the existence of Troy and the Greek expedition were purely mythological, with no basis in real history. In 1791, Andrew Dalzel translated a work of Jean Baptiste LeChevalier as Description of the Plain of Troy. It provoked <mask>'s Observations upon a Treatise ... (on) the Plain of Troy (1795) and A Dissertation concerning the War of Troy (1796?). A fierce controversy resulted, with <mask> attacked by Thomas Falconer, John Morritt, William Vincent, and Gilbert Wakefield. Other works
<mask>'s first work was Observations and Enquiries relating to various parts of Ancient History, ... the Wind Euroclydon, the island Melite, the Shepherd Kings, (Cambridge, 1767). <mask> attacked the opinions of Bochart, Beza, Grotius, and Bentley.When his account of the Apamean medal was disputed in the Gentleman's Magazine, <mask> defended himself in Apamean Medal and of the Inscription ΝΩΕ, London, 1775. Joseph Hilarius Eckhel upheld his views, but Daines Barrington and others opposed him in the Society of Antiquaries of London. After his friend Robert Wood died in 1771, <mask> edited one of his works as An Essay on the Original Genius and Writings of Homer, with a Comparative View of the Troade (1775). Vindiciæ Flavianæ: a Vindication of the Testimony of Josephus concerning Jesus Christ (1777) was anonymous; the second edition, with <mask>'s name, was in 1780. The sequel was A Farther Illustration of the Analysis (1778). This work influenced Joseph Priestley. An Address to Dr. Priestley ... upon Philosophical Necessity (1780); Priestley printed a reply the same year.<mask> was a believer in the authenticity of Thomas Chatterton's fabrications. Chatterton had created poems written in mock Middle English and had attributed them to Thomas Rowley, an imaginary monk of the 15th century. When Thomas Tyrwhitt issued his work The Poems supposed to have been written at Bristol by Thomas Rowley and others,' <mask> with Robert Glynn followed with his Observations on the Poems of Thomas Rowley in which the Authenticity of those Poems is ascertained (2 vols., 1781). Gemmarum Antiquarum Delectus (1783) was privately printed at the expense of the Duke of Marlborough, with engravings by Francesco Bartolozzi. The first volume was written in Latin by <mask>, and translated into French by Matthew Maty; the second by William Cole, with the French by Louis Dutens. On the Zingara or Gypsey Language (1785) was read by <mask> to the Royal Society, and printed in the seventh volume of Archæologia. A disquisition On the Land of Goshen, written about 1767, was published in William Bowyer's Miscellaneous Tracts, 1785.A Treatise on the Authenticity of the Scriptures (1791) was anonymous; second edition, with author's name, 1793; third edition, 1810. This work was written at the instigation of the Dowager Countess Pembroke, daughter of his patron, and the profits were given to the hospital for smallpox and inoculation. Observations on a controverted passage in Justyn Martyr; also upon the "Worship of Angels", London, 1793. Observations upon the Plagues inflicted upon the Egyptians, with maps, London, 1794. The Sentiments of Philo-Judæus concerning the Logos or Word of God (1797). A treatise against Tom Paine. 'Observations upon some Passages in Scripture' (relating to Balaam, Joshua, Samson, and Jonah), London, 1803.A projected work on the Gods of Greece and Rome was not produced by his executors. Some of his humorous verse in Latin and Greek was published. References

Attribution

External links

1715 births
1804 deaths
English writers
People from Plymouth
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
Mythographers
English male writers

masks:
Jacob Bryant
Life Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
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Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant


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Matt Wall (born March 13, 1978), known professionally as <mask>, is an American film director, musician, screenwriter, producer, actor and author. He founded the horror punk / goth band Creepersin and also the electro punk band The Sci-Fi Originals. Creepersin has also had a prolific career as a film maker creating films such as O.C. Babes and the Slasher of Zombietown, Vaginal Holocaust, Caged Lesbos A Go Go, Orgy of Blood and The Brothers Cannibal. His upcoming film is The Brides of Sodom. Biography
<mask> was born in Anaheim, California and attended Cypress High School. Music career

Creepersin (2004–present)
Creepersin is an American horror punk/goth rock band that was formed in Orange County, California.<mask>in was known for loud guitars (as in "Last House on the Left on Mockingbird Lane") and sleepy vocals (as in "Proceed with Plan 9"). Their lyrics are mostly inspired by old horror and exploitation films such as The Last House on the Left, I Spit on Your Grave, and even classic T.V. shows like The Munsters. After forming his own record label, Creepsville Entertainment, <mask>in put out two full-length albums (The Rise of Creepersin 2005, Faster Creepersin Kill Kill 2006) an EP (Creepersin's Final Chapter 2007) and a collection of hits and demos entitled House of Creepersin (2008). Creepersin Re-Animated was released in November 2011. The band supported the album with their first U.S. tour. They documented the tour and will release the DVD in 2012 entitled, Reanimated Roadkill.The band is recording their new full-length album right now called Creepersin Lovecamp 69 which will be out in October 2012. An EP called Venus Attacks Creepersin that has some tracks from the new album plus outtakes from the Lovecamp sessions including the theme song from Creep's short Cannibal Blood Girl due out on April 13, 2012. Band members
Current lineup
 <mask> <mask>in – Lead vocals, Guitar, Bass, Drums (2004–present)
 G. Graves – Lead Guitar, Backup Vocals (2010–present)
 Zom-D – Bass, Backup Vocals (2011–present)
 Gregyard – Drums (2011–present)

Previous members
 Mrs. Creep – Keyboards (2006–2011)
 Norman Mop – Guitar (2004–2006)
 Mr. Mundo – Drums (2004–2005)
 El Hombre – drums (2005)
 The Shank – bass (2004)
 Rocky Horrornandez – bass (2004–2005)
 Stitchblade – drums (2005)
 Skelly – drums (2006–2007)
 Salvez – bass (2005)
 Paula Fright – bass (one show in 2006)
 Barnabas – guitar (one show in 2006)

Discography
The Following Preview is Rated R (2004)
The Rise of Creepersin (2005)
Klatu Verada Creepersin (2006)
Faster Creepersin Kill Kill (2006)
Creepersin's Final Chapter (2007)
House of Creepersin (2008)
Creepersin Has Risen From the Grave (2011)
Creepersin ReAnimated (2011)
Venus Attacks Creepersin (2012)
Compilations and Soundtracks
WHN: The Horror of it All Volume 1 (2005)
WHN: The Horror of it All Volume 2 (2006)
Welcome to Creepsville (2006)
Killing Spree soundtrack  (2006)
Frankienstein soundtrack (2008)
O.C. Babes and the Slasher of Zombietown soundtrack (2009)Erection Soundtrack (2009)Triple Threat of Terror (2011)

The Sci-Fi Originals (2006–present)
Creep and his wife Nikki took on the roles of Skrotar the Conqueror and Clitora the Destroyer to form The Sci-Fi Originals, two aliens from Uranus that have come to enslave Earth. Their only release was the 2007 album Uranus Will Rule You. Band members
 Creep Creepersin as Skrotar the Conqueror – guitar and vocals (2006–present)
 Mrs.Creep as Clitora the Destroyer – keyboards and drum machine (2006 – present)

DiscographyUranus Will Rule You (2007)

Solo career (2006–present)
Creep's solo recordings have been a mesh of outlaw country to folk to industrial. The three solo albums that have come out have volume numbers (Volume 13: Folk Songs for the Dead, Volume 4: The Untimely Death of Spade 13, Volume 9: Flowers for Nikki) indicate that there are more albums to come. In a radio interview on the Independent Corner, Creep said "For my solo work, there are 15 volumes that are ready to go, its just when i get around to them i guess is when we will hear them." Band members
 <mask> <mask> – Vocals and guitar (2006–present)
 Jimi Blackstone – lead guitar
 Johnny Strotman – bass
 Marty Foltz – drums

DiscographyVolume 13: Folk Songs for the Dead (2006)Volume 4: The Untimely Death of Spade 13 (2007)Volume 9: Flowers for Nikki (2008)

Film career
Creep's directorial debut was for his own music video, Meet Me Out in the Sticks in 2005. In 2006 he wrote and directed the short films The Room Mate, Michelle, The Bedroom, A Night With the Outlaw and the music videos for his songs I Need More Blood and Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead. In late 2006, Creep wrote and directed his first feature film, Creep Creepersin's Frankenstein. After moving back to Orange County, California from Eugene, Oregon in 2007, Creep directed the web series Decomposing Jack with future frequent collaborator Matty Thunders.In 2008 <mask> wrote and directed his second feature O.C. Babes and the Slasher of Zombietown on a shoestring budget and an 8-hour shoot. Maxim Media International picked up the film and released it in 2009 on their new Midnight Releasing label. The last part of 2008, <mask> wrote and directed 2 more films Erection and He. Creepersin took his older short films and also released a collection entitled <mask> <mask>in's Creepshow. 2009 saw a large number of Creepersin films like Vaginal Holocaust, Peeping Blog, Orgy of Blood, Caged Lesbos A Go Go, Sexual Violence in Cinema, Ding Dong Dead and of course The Corporate Cut Throat Massacre. The end of 2009 saw Shoreline Entertainment pick up Vaginal Holocaust, Caged Lesbos A Go Go and Orgy of Blood.In January 2010, <mask> finished shooting his latest film The Brothers Cannibal. <mask> is in pre-production of his new film The Brides of Sodom. In December 2009, <mask> announced that he was wrapping up post on another collection of shorts called Creepshows Revenge: Creep Creepersin's Creepshow Part 2 as well as the complete Decomposing Jack series on DVD. <mask> will also be making his Final Girl Trilogy (Final Girl, Red Machete Blue: Final Girl 2, Final Girl: Final!) all at the same time in late spring. His films Erection, He, Peeping Blog, Orgy of Blood, The Corporate Cut Throat Massacre, Ding Dong Dead, The Brothers Cannibal, Vaginal Holocaust and Caged Lesbos A-Go-Go premiered as part of the Featuresin on The PollyGrind Film Festival 2010 in Las Vegas. Books
Creep has written three books.The Legend of Cartwayne Twain and other tales and poems is a book that Creep put out on his own Creepsville Press publishing house in 2006. In 2007, Blood Lust Romance was publish on Creepsville Press. It had another pressing later that year from Dark Myth Productions. His last book, Blood Lust Revenge, was published in 2008. It is rumored that <mask> has written three other books Creepology, Blood Lust Rage, and a novelization of O.C. Babes and the Slasher of Zombietown.Books
 The Legend of Cartwayne Twain and Other Tales and Poems
 Blood Lust Romance
 Blood Lust Revenge

Filmography
Feature-length filmsCreep Creepersin's Frankenstein (2007)O.C. Babes and the Slasher of Zombietown (2008)Erection (2008)He (2008)Vaginal Holocaust (2009)Peeping Blog (2009)Orgy of Blood (2009)Caged Lesbos A Go Go (2009)Sexual Violence in Cinema (2009)Ding Dong Dead (2009)The Corporate Cut Throat Massacre (2009)The Brothers Cannibal (2010)The Brides of Sodom (2010)Lake Death (2010)Lovesick Capitvity (2011)Finger Bang!(2011)I Was a Teenage Suicide (2012)Reanimated Roadkill (2012)

Short films and videosMeet Me Out in the Sticks (2005)The Room Mate (2006)The Bedroom (2006)Michelle (2006)I Need More Blood (2006)A Night with the Outlaw (2006)Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead, Dead (2006)Baby Dracula (2007)Decomposing Jack (2007)The Rabbit is Leaking (2008)Creepersin's Nightmare (2009)Creep Creepersin's Creepshow (2009)Creepshows Revenge: Creep Creepersin's Creepshow Part 2 (2010)Decomposing Jack (2010)Cannibal Blood Girl (2011)MKC: Monster Killers Club (2012)

as an actor in other filmsStrangers (2008)Amateur Porn Star Killer 3D (2009)Electrolite (2009)The Human Race (2010)Vampire Boys'' (2011)

Personal life
He is divorced from his longtime girlfriend/wife the film producer Nikki Wall. They had been together since they were in the 8th grade. They have one daughter, Creep currently lives in North Hollywood, CA. References

External links
official website

1978 births
American rock singers
American music video directors
American male writers
Living people
Musicians from Anaheim, California
Male actors from Anaheim, California
Horror film directors
Horror punk musicians
American baritones
Film directors from California
Singers from California
21st-century American singers
21st-century American male singers

masks:
Creep Creepersin
Creepersin
Creepers
Creepers
Creep
Creepers
Creep
Creepersin
Creep
Creep
Creep
Creepers
Creep
Creepersin
Creep
Creep
Creep


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<mask> (21 October 1924 – 16 September 2013), born Ong Boon Hua, was a Malayan communist politician, anti-fascist activist and long-time leader of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) and the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA). During World War II, he fought as an anti-fascist guerrilla fighter in the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army against the Japanese occupation of Malaya. A determined anti-colonialist, he led the party's guerrilla insurgency in the Malayan Emergency (19481960), fighting against British and Commonwealth forces in an attempt to establish an independent socialist state. After the MCP's defeat and subsequent Malayan independence, <mask> waged a second campaign (1968-1989) from exile against the newly formed government of Malaysia in an attempt to replace its government with a socialist one. This second insurgency came to an end with the Peace Agreement of Hat Yai 1989. <mask> died at the age of 88, in Bangkok, Thailand, where he was cremated according to Buddhist rites. Biography

Early years

<mask> was born Ong Boon Hua on 21 October 1924 into a middle-class family in the small seaside town of Sitiawan, in Perak state, Malaya.His ancestral home is Fuqing, Fujian, China. His father went to live in Sitiawan in 1920. He set up a bicycle, tire, and spare motor parts business with the help of a relative from Singapore, known as Ong Lock Cho. <mask> attended a Chinese language school in Sitiawan. In 1937 he joined the Chinese Anti Enemy Backing Up Society (AEBUS), formed that year to send aid to China in response to Japan's aggression. According to <mask> and Hack, he was not a communist then. He was in charge of anti-Japanese activities at his school, and was reportedly a supporter of Sun Yat-sen. By early 1939, he had embraced Communism.He planned to go to Yan'an, the renowned communist base in China but was persuaded to remain in Malaya and take on heavier responsibilities in the newly formed Malayan Communist Party. In late 1939, when <mask>g was in the 4th year of his secondary school education (known as senior middle-level one), his school announced that the senior middle section was to be closed due to lack of funds. He decided to continue his education in the Methodist-run Anglo-Chinese Continuation School, which operated in English, because it provided a good cover for his underground activities. He did not want to have to move to Singapore to continue with his education in Chinese. He left the school "for fear of British harassment" after just 6 months. He was now focused fully on his political activities and became, from that point on, a full-time revolutionary. In January 1940 he was put in charge of three anti-Japanese organisations that were targeting students, teachers, members of cultural activities, and general labourers.At the end of January 1940, he was admitted to the Malayan Communist Party as a member. Harassment by the authorities led him to leave his home town for Kuala Kangsar in July 1940. (This may be at the time when he left his school, refer to above). Later he spent a month in Taiping. In September 1940 the party posted him to Ipoh as a  Standing committee member for Perak. In December he attained full Party membership. In early 1941 AEBUS was dissolved.<mask> became Ipoh District committee member of the Party. "He led student underground cells of three Chinese secondary schools and the Party's organisations of the shop assistants, domestic servants of European families, workers at brick kilns and barbers." In June 1941 he became a member of the Perak State Committee. Rise to prominence

<mask> rose to prominence during World War II when many Chinese Malayans took to the jungle to fight a guerrilla war against the Japanese. These fighters, inspired by the example of the Communist Party of China, became known as the Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA). <mask> became the liaison officer between the MPAJA and the British military in South-East Asia. The Japanese invasion of Malaya began in December 1941.In 1942 <mask> was the youngest of three members of the Secretariat of the Perak State Committee: Su Yew Meng was secretary and Chang Meng <mask>  was the other member. In early 1943 the two senior members were captured by the Japanese, which left <mask> in charge. Contact with the Party's Central Committee had been lost; he attempted to re-establish it, travelling to Kuala Lumpur and meeting Chai Ker Meng. Later, party leader Lai Tek sent another Central Committee member, Lee Siow <mask> (Siao Ping), to replace <mask> as State Secretary. However, Lee Siow <mask> was captured not long after while travelling to a meeting that was to be held in Singapore. Thus the job of establishing contact with the British commando Force 136 fell to <mask>. The first party of that force, consisting of Capt.John Davis and five Chinese agents had landed in Malaya on 24 May 1943, by submarine. <mask> made contact with this armed group on 30 September 1943. He was active in his support for the British stay-behind troops but had no illusions about their failure to protect Malaya against the Japanese. In the course of this activity, he came into contact with Freddie Spencer Chapman, who called him a 'true friend' in his Malayan jungle memoir, 'The Jungle Is Neutral'. In recognition of his service during the war, <mask> was awarded an OBE (though it was subsequently withdrawn later by the British government), a mention in despatches and two campaign medals by Britain. He was elected the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Malaya after the betrayal of previous leader Lai Tek, who had turned out to be an agent for both the British and the Japanese and had denounced the leadership of the Party to the Japanese secret police. <mask> was the most senior surviving member.Before the Emergency

In 1948, the Federation of Malaya Plan replaced the Malayan Union plan, frustrating the CPM as they felt the plan was undemocratic and biased towards the Malay elites. They accused the British of forcing the Federation idea on the people by portraying it as a constitutional solution to Malaya's crisis. According to <mask>, the central committee still adhered to Lai Teck's peace struggle strategy in facing the Federation, as they thought that the people of Malaya were still recovering from the horrors of the Japanese Occupation. To launch an armed rebellion so soon would not only cause them to lose the mass support they had been enjoying but, at the same time, also drive the already wary Malays to openly resist them. Some scholars allege that the CPM received secret directives from Moscow agents on the methods and timing for a near-simultaneous uprising against colonial authorities during the Southeast Asian Youth Conference held in Calcutta on 19 February 1948 which eventually caused the CPM's insurrection. <mask> denied it, stating that the conference argued against such a move. Laurence Sharkey, party secretary of the Australian Communist Party, informed <mask> and the central committee of the conference's decision while stopping over in Singapore on his way home.In March 1948, the central committees were discussing new policies as the labour strikes were not bringing the results that they hoped for. <mask>g estimated it would be a year or two before the British took actions against the CPM, leaving them ample time to prepare for a guerrilla war. On 12 June 1948, the colonial government outlawed the burgeoning trade union federations amid a rising atmosphere of tension. Since then, there was no reduction in the level of violent activities, other than the neutralisation of trade unions. Political murders of informers, anyone found to be working against the labour movement or the CPM, non-Europeans considered enemies to the communist cause or strike-breakers who used thugs and gangsters to harass protesters rose. The murder of three Kuomintang leaders in Johor on 12 June had convinced the British that the communists were escalating the conflict in retaliation for outlawing the trade unions, while in the CPM's eyes these murders were just purely acts of intimidation. <mask> again claimed that he was not aware of the murders at the time, although he approved of the later killing of the plantation managers who he claimed were harsh and cruel towards farmworkers.The Emergency (1948–1989)

On 16 June 1948, three European plantation managers were murdered in Sungai Siput, which has generally been identified as the incident contributing to the Malayan colonial administration declaration of a state of emergency. Rather, Sze-Chieh Ng argued these murders were merely the final catalyst for a long-brewing crisis that had been going on since the trade unions began agitating in 1945. Historian Anthony Short feels that this was more of a panic reaction than a carefully considered move. According to him, the government had been powerless to deal with the unrest plaguing Malaya since 1945. According to Purcell's viewpoint, the Emergency was declared in response to increasing incidents of violence and lawlessness. Many Singaporean historians and anti-communists allege that <mask>g ordered the killings. <mask> claimed he had no prior knowledge of the plot.He added that he barely escaped arrest, losing his passport in the process, and he lost touch with the Party for a couple of days. <mask> became the most wanted man of the British government, with the government offering a reward of $250,000 for his capture. On 17 July 1948, CPM offices in Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Singapore, and other major cities were raided, followed by mass arrests of suspected communists and anti-government individuals on 21 July. The CPM was banned in July 1948. In response to the Emergency and the mass arrests of its members, the CPM issued a call to its members to revive its disbanded wartime resistance army, the MPAJA, to take up arms again and escape to the jungles. In fact, since late May and early June the communists had been secretly setting up platoons in several states in preparation for an expected British crackdown in September. The Emergency's sudden declaration in June, however, forced the MCP to accelerate its plan and it called out to comrades and volunteers to join them in the struggle.The new guerrilla army, now known as the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), spent the first year of the Emergency reconsolidating and rearming. At that time, the CPM was in chaos, which the members were dispersed in the jungles, and operating without a command structure and central leadership. According to <mask>, attacks were being carried out without his approval or knowledge and there was no coordination between the units. Guerrilla casualties were high in return for little to no strategic gains in those early months. <mask> was desperate to assert control over the MNLA, which had been operating independently since June. It was not until August that some form of central authority was finally set up in the Cameron Highlands, with <mask> ordering the guerrillas to adopt Mao Zedong's strategy of establishing liberated zones as they drove the British from an area. However, this strategy failed.British forces continued to hound the guerrillas, who were often forced to relocate deeper into the jungles and disperse their forces into smaller units. This was due to difficulties in resupply and the dangers of maintaining a large force, where the chances of discovery and annihilation by British patrols were high. Furthermore, the CPM was losing civilian support, and lacking material assistance and intelligence, the party suffered. <mask> admitted they had wrongly assumed that the people would be willing to offer their support as they had in World War II. When that failed to happen, they resorted to forceful measures to obtain what they needed. The CPM and MNLA also suffered under British propaganda, which labelled them as "bandits" and "communist terrorists". Old suspicions and assumptions that the CPM had clandestine support from either the CCP or the Soviet Union had, over time, became an accepted fact.Post-Cold War materials have finally overturned the convenient lie the British promoted more than half a century ago, revealing not only that the CPM had not sought external support but also that no agents from either China or Russia had even made contact with them. The only ‘support’ <mask> recalled obtaining was the encouraging news that Mao's guerrillas had defeated Chiang Kai-shek's well-equipped and numerically superior KMT army in 1949. Briggs Plan
In 1950, a series of strategies were introduced by the Director of Operations for the anti-communist war in Malaya, Lt. General Sir Harold Briggs, that later became known as the Briggs Plan. The plan, which aimed to defeat the guerrillas by cutting off their sources of civilian support, was a success. The creation of ‘New Villages’ under this plan had limited intelligence and food supplies for the CPM, and thus had a devastating effect on the guerrillas. <mask> concurred this fact, as he nearly starved on several occasions during those twelve years. After several reviews and amendments, the CPM ordered the guerrillas to cease sabotage and terror operations and to develop closer ties with the middle-class to preserve their organizational strength.<mask> would later admit in an interview in 1999 that this directive was a mistake as it allowed the British to press on with their attacks on the MNLA, whom they correctly assessed to be quite demoralised by then. After Sir Harold Briggs died, Lt. General Sir Gerald Templer was appointed as the new commander, introducing aggressive strategies which differed from the Briggs Plan. These included interrogations, food rationing, large monetary rewards for captured or killed communists coupled with intense military operations, and the mobilisation of a large number of troops to hound the guerrillas. In 1953, the CPM relocated their headquarters to Betong, in southern Thailand. They reestablished its networks to connect the scattered units and review its strategy. In late 1953 and early 1954, the war was at a semi-stalemate due to both the MNLA and the British being unable to decisively defeat one another. In early 1954, Siao Chang, a top CPM leader who had been sent to Beijing in late 1952 to deepen his Marxist–Leninist education while also serving as liaison to the CCP, announced a new direction for the party, which was to abandon the establishment of the People's Democratic Republic of Malaya and join with other Malayan political parties in a legal fight for Malaya independence.<mask> described Siao as the CPM's ‘insurance policy’ in the event the central committee was eliminated. Although this was not their decision, <mask> and the other central committees decided to join the other Malayan parties, reasoning that the Malay politicians had achieved more for the independence movement within the last few years than the MNLA had since 1948. The Beijing announcement also revealed to the CPM that both the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China had viewed the armed struggle in Malaya as untenable. Baling Talks
On 24 September 1955, <mask> wrote to Tunku Abdul Rahman offering to negotiate peace. On 17 October, talks between two government representatives and <mask>g and another central committee of the CPM were held at Klian Intan. A new ‘Eight Point Program’ was introduced by the CPM to call for an end to the Emergency and a cessation of hostilities, a reform of Malaya's political system, expand democratic rights, support for world peace, and attention to other matters including education, health, welfare, and industrial production. On 28 and 29 December 1955, the negotiations reached their peak at the small northern town of Baling in Kedah.Representatives from the Government were Tunku Abdul Rahman, David Marshall, the Chief Minister of Singapore, and Sir Cheng Lock Tan, the leader of the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA). The CPM was represented by <mask>, Chen Tian, and Abdul Rashid bin Maidin. The first day of the talks did not go well, as <mask> wanted the CPM to be recognised as a legal party again, or for the leaders and members of the MNLA to at least be allowed to regain their freedom of movement and not face any legal persecution or imprisonment. Tunku Abdul Rahman rejected this request and demanded at the beginning of the meeting that the CPM fully surrender as the only way to peace, but then promised that those who surrendered would undergo a period of rehabilitation before being allowed to become free citizens again. <mask> again argued freedom of thought and choice must be recognised by the Malayan government if the new nation was to survive past its

masks:
Chin Peng
Chin
Chin Peng
Chin Peng
Chin Peng
Chin
Chin Pen
Chin Peng
Chin Peng
Chin Peng
Chin
Ching
Chin Peng
Peng
Chin
Peng
Chin Peng
Chin Peng
Chin
Chin Peng
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin Pen
Chin
Chin Pen
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin
Chin Pen
Chin Peng
Chin
Chin