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Daniel Dewan Sewell (born March 16, 1981), known professionally as <mask>, is an American rapper and comedian. He has been described by MTV as "one of rap's most unique figures in recent memory". In 2010, after amassing several mixtapes, <mask> released his debut studio album, The Hybrid. <mask> began to gain major recognition after the release of his second studio album, XXX, which received critical acclaim and earned him such accolades as Spin, as well as Metro Times "Artist of the Year". In 2013, he entered a US Billboard chart, with the release of his third studio album, Old, which reached number 18 on the US Billboard 200 chart and spawned three singles, "Dip", "25 Bucks" and "Smokin & Drinkin”, which peaked at number 31 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop songs chart. His fourth studio album, Atrocity Exhibition, was released on September 27, 2016, and his fifth studio album, U Know What I'm Sayin?, was released on October 4, 2019, both albums being received with further critical acclaim. Early life
Sewell was born in Detroit, Michigan on March 16, 1981.At the time, his mother was 18 and his father was 16. His father is half Filipino. <mask>'s talent for rhyming came at a very young age, as his mother would read Dr. Seuss books to him as a child; when he began to speak, he would talk in rhyme. His father was a house DJ who exposed <mask> to all the music he would spin, as well as music from the likes of Roy Ayers, LL Cool J, Esham, and A Tribe Called Quest. For as long as he could remember, <mask> had always wanted to be a rapper: "In kindergarten I'd say I wanted to be a rapper and people'd just laugh at me. 'That's a pretty funny job,' they'd say." His young parents did their best to shelter him from the Detroit street crime and gang life: "My parents ain't really want me out the house.They did as much as they possibly could to keep me in the house with whatever the newest video game was. But you know you can only keep a kid in for so long. Plus that had me sheltered, so once I did get away I used to disappear for like four days." His two grandmothers helped provide for his family. His maternal grandmother worked for Chrysler, and she bought four to five houses: "To this day we still got those houses. She owns three houses in a row on that block. She raised her three children and a host of others in the middle house; the one to the left she paid cash for in the '90s from her long time neighbor; and the one on the right was her parents' home that she inherited when they died."She also owned two other homes on the east side of Detroit, one in which <mask> was raised. The fifth house, also located on the east side, was occupied by his aunt and her family: "I used to get beat up all the time. I had nobody over there and I'm the oldest with two brothers and a younger sister. And I'm kind of not really gangster like that," <mask> said in a 2012 interview. Originally from the Dexter-Linwood way of Detroit, <mask> later moved to Hamtramck. He heavily associates with Detroit in his music. At age 18, <mask> became a drug dealer: "Once I got above a certain age, all that parent shit stopped.My mom and my pops split up. Once my pops left, I was the man of the house. I always told myself I was going to be a rapper my whole life. I was selling drugs since that's what all my friends were doing. And it was kind of like something to rap about maybe." Although his intentions were to stop once he got in trouble with the law, <mask> was already too accustomed to the lifestyle: "I always told myself once I got my first [legal] case I was gonna stop. Then I got my first case, but I didn't stop.I got distribution and manufacturing and possession with intent to distribute. I was 19." His run-ins with the law didn't stop there: "I caught my second case loitering with some weed, but it violated my probation but I ran and I didn't go to court. I just ran for like at least five years. But once I got caught I had to do eight months. When I violated my probation, I got my second case and I was scared. I had warrants so I couldn't really slang like that cause I didn't wanna go to jail.I was broke in the hood. I had nothing else, so I just started going back to studying music and trying to become a rapper." After he did his time, <mask> began to take his passion seriously and turn it into a career: "I got out of jail in '07. I took it serious from that time but it took a lot of shit to happen in my life to get me confident to know I could do it. I had more confidence when I got out of jail because the day when I got out of jail I started selling weed. I ain't had no money after the first two months, like, 'I was way better off in jail.' By then I was already making my New York trips and going to recording studios so I was already serious when I got locked up.When I got out it was like, 'It's now or never.'" <mask> and Dopehead. In 2003, the trio independently released an album titled Runispokets-N-Dumpemindariva under Ren-A-Sance Entertainment and F.B.C. Records. In the summer of 2003, the group received mild rotation on Detroit radio stations with their lead single, "Yes". After growing up on hip hop and tuning his rhyming skills in the city, <mask> landed the attention of Roc-A-Fella Records A&R Travis Cummings, who flew <mask> out to New York City, where he began recording in other artists' studios. After a lack of success with Roc-A-Fella, <mask> returned to Detroit and eventually linked up with Detroit-based producer Nick Speed.Career

2010: The Hybrid

In 2010, <mask> befriended fellow American rapper Tony Yayo of G-Unit, and together they recorded their collaborative effort, Hawaiian Snow (2010). The G-Unit association led many to wonder if <mask> would eventually sign with 50 Cent's G-Unit Records. But <mask>, who favors fitted jeans and a vintage rock-inspired wardrobe, didn't fit with G-Unit's image: "It was a real thing. 50 was with it; he just didn't sign me because of my jeans. He liked the music, but he didn't like the way I looked," <mask> told MTV. "I understand where they were coming from with that, but you gotta understand where I'm coming from too: I'm from Detroit." After recording and releasing four volumes of his Detroit State of Mind mixtape series and other free self-released mixtapes, <mask> released his first solo studio album, The Hybrid (2010), on Washington, DC-based indie record label Rappers I Know.It was this album where <mask> began to use his trademark high-pitched voice: "The first song that I ever rapped [with the high-pitched voice] was 'The Hybrid,' that's why we called it 'The Hybrid.' I think that was [when I found my voice]. That was the statement that I can rap and I can do every style of rap." The album came to fruition after he had written the aforementioned song: "The Hybrid started out because I started working with Hex Murder. Hex was managing me at the time and I had started recording in Black Milk's studio. We were working on a project and I had come up with the song 'The Hybrid,' so that gave me my whole intent on what I wanted to do with my next project. I started writing a new album and that's the album that I wrote.Then I hooked up with my homie Magnetic and he would just look out for me and gave me free studio time—so I would go record from 3 in the morning til 6 in the morning, because we were using the free time when nobody was there. Then I hooked up with Frank from Rappers I Know. I liked what he was doing with his blog. He looked out for me and helped me out a lot and then we put it out and the rest is history." 2011–12: XXX

On March 15, 2011, it was revealed <mask> had signed to Brooklyn-based indie record label Fool's Gold Records: "My manager [Emeka Obi] asked me who I wanted to sign to and I said there's two labels I want to sign to: XL or Fool's Gold. He knew [people at] Fool's Gold. He saw Nick Catchdubs in a burrito spot, asked him about it, and Nick said he'd get back to him.Q-Tip and A-Trak went and ate lunch around last March. A-Trak told Q-Tip he was thinking about signing me and Q-Tip told him to do it. A-Trak called me and signed me. I met Q-Tip but I know Ali Shaheed more. Ali Shaheed is kind of like a mentor to me. Around the time of The Hybrid, I met him through Frank from Rappers I Know and he just started showing me love. We talk on the phone a lot."Signing to Fool's Gold Records proved to be <mask>'s biggest commercial and critical move. The label would go on to release his second studio album, XXX, as a free download. It received numerous critical accolades, including being named the best hip hop album of the year by Spin. Pitchfork gave his album an 8.2 out of 10, saying, "If XXX was nothing but debauchery and desperation, it would quickly devolve into an endless slog. Thankfully, <mask> is also hilariously funny, an endlessly inventive rapper driven to cook up outrageous variations on standard rap boasts." The publication later named XXX the 19th best album of 2011. XXX was also named the 6th-best album of 2011 by Passion of the Weiss, which called it "an uncomfortably honest self-portrait made even more remarkable by the fact that <mask> is alive to tell the story."On November 1, 2011, <mask> released his collaborative effort with American record producer Black Milk; an extended play (EP) appropriately titled Black and Brown!. On November 28, 2011, <mask> released the music video for the XXX-cut, "Blunt After Blunt." The video was directed by fellow American rapper ASAP Rocky, who also made a cameo appearance. In the wake of his success with XXX, <mask> began touring with Childish Gambino in March 2012. On March 13, 2012, <mask>hay-produced track "Radio Song" from XXX. The video was directed by Alex/2tone. In 2012, <mask> was featured on the cover of XXL as part of its annual "Top 10 Freshmen list" along with fellow then-up-and-coming rappers Hopsin, French Montana, MGK, Iggy Azalea and Roscoe Dash, among others.The Fader enlisted both Kendrick Lamar and <mask> to cover the front pages of its 2012 Spring Style issue. In a January 2012 interview, singer Jennifer Herrema revealed that <mask> would be featured on the second album by Australian electronic music group The Avalanches. Later in the year, <mask> confirmed that he was working with The Avalanches on a song titled "Frankie Sinatra." On <mask>'s official website, he confirmed that he would be performing at the 13th Annual Gathering of the Juggalos. <mask> signed a partnership deal with Adidas Originals, which is <mask>'s latest sportswear. 2012–14: Old

In February 2012, <mask> was featured first on the cover of the publication The Fader, in its 78th issue. On March 22, 2012, <mask> teamed up with Scion A/V to release a new song titled "Grown Up."The music video for "Grown Up," later released on August 20, was also presented by Scion A/V. In August 2012, it was rumored that <mask> was working on a new album titled <mask>, to be entirely produced by Johnson&Jonson (Blu and

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 Mainframe), but <mask> later denied these rumors and confirmed that the album had already been released for free in 2010, under the title It's a Art. In August, <mask> also performed at the 13th annual Gathering of the Juggalos. In September, <mask> teamed up with Scion A/V once again to release the debut project of his rap group Bruiser Brigade (a hip hop collective featuring <mask>, Chips, Dopehead, Trpl Blk, ZelooperZ and in-house producer SKYWLKR). The project was a four-track extended play (EP) eponymously titled Bruiser Brigade. In October 2012, <mask> was featured on the soundtrack to the film The Man with the Iron Fists on a track titled "Tick, Tock," alongside fellow American rappers Raekwon, Joell Ortiz and Pusha T. On October 24, 2012, <mask> released the music video for a song titled "Witit," taken from the deluxe edition of XXX and his OD EP; later that day after Complex kept referring to his next album as <mask>, <mask> took to Twitter to reveal the correct tentative title to be ODB. From September to November, <mask> appeared alongside Schoolboy Q and ASAP Mob as supporting acts for ASAP Rocky's 40-date national Long.Live. ASAP Tour. In December 2012, <mask> announced ODB had been completed. He explained that the album won't be as consistently humorous as XXX but said people will be surprised with the outcome: "The new album is done. We're pretty much just figuring out a way of presenting the right way to get released…the title of the album for now is ODB. I can't really elaborate on what that means until the album comes out, and then they'll get it. I don't want to give too much because then it'll be a much more rewarding listen for my fans."He continued, "It's a rewarding listen when I listen to it. I don't know if I laugh as much - I think I laugh when it's over with, and that's the difference between this album and XXX. With XXX, you laugh throughout it, and by the time it was over with, you were like, 'Oh that wasn't too funny.' This one, when it's over, you're laughing hysterically…it's not necessarily what's being said on the album, but the album [itself], like, 'I can't believe he made this.'" Rolling Stone magazine named <mask>'s single "Grown Up", the 41st-best song of 2012. In a December 2012 interview with Pitchfork, <mask> revealed the album would actually be titled Old. The album, released under Fool's Gold, was released to music retailers, unlike any of his previous releases.The album includes contributions from ASAP Rocky, Schoolboy Q, Ab-Soul, Kitty and Purity Ring, the latter of whom are contributing production, along with a hook from vocalist Megan James. In January 2013, it was announced that <mask> would be performing at the 2013 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. In the summer of 2012, Kathy Griffin invited <mask> and ASAP Rocky to appear on the Valentine's Day episode of her talk show Kathy. On February 14, <mask> appeared alongside ASAP Rocky and Russell Brand, on Griffin's late-night talk show where they played a dice game called "Suck breast? Kiss stomach?" and discussed the possibility of having children. On March 1, 2013, <mask> and American record producer Baauer, announced their upcoming "Worst of Both Worlds" Tour.For the trek, the Fool's Gold signees started off in Houston, Texas on April 9 at Fitzgerald's. The brief tour, which only hit the West Coast, made stops in Austin, Texas, Tucson, Arizona and San Francisco, California. They played both weekends of the Coachella Music and Arts Festival, wrapping up the tour on the second weekend (April 20). On March 8, <mask> announced another tour in promotion for his upcoming album, the "Old & Reckless" Tour, featuring American female rapper Kitty. For his first-ever headlining tour, <mask> began at SXSW on March 15 with a pair of shows. After completing his "Worst of Both Worlds" trek with Baauer, Kitty joined him for stops in St. Louis, Missouri, Ann Arbor, Michigan, New York City, New York and Madison, Wisconsin. The tour concluded at Indianapolis, Indiana's Deluxe on May 14.In March, <mask> also won his first award ever at the 2013 Woodie Awards, winning in the "Best Video" category for "Grown Up." On March 18, 2013, <mask> revealed in a Twitter post that Old would be released around the time XXX came out, which was mid August. On March 23, it was announced <mask>m, The Alchemist, Blink-182 and most recently Action Bronson, who has previously collaborated with <mask>. On May 3, <mask> announced through Twitter that Old would feature guest appearances from Freddie Gibbs, Schoolboy Q, Mr. MFN eXquire, Scrufizzer, ASAP Rocky, Ab-Soul, Charli XCX and Purity Ring. He also said the production on the album was handled by Paul White, Oh No, Rustie, Skywlkr, A-Trak, Darq E Freaker and Frank Dukes. After an unfinished version leaked earlier in the year, <mask> visited Tim Westwood on BBC Radio 1xtra in June 2013 to premiere the official version of "Kush Coma," a song featuring ASAP Rocky taken from the Old album. On July 23, <mask> was featured rapping alongside Insane Clown Posse in the music video for their song "When I'm Clownin'."On August 12, <mask> said on Twitter that he felt less than a priority at Fool's Gold Records: "Man #OLD fuck around and never come out ... Smh," tweeted <mask>, referring to his forthcoming album Old. <mask> then threatened to leak the album himself: "I'm a fuck around and leak that shit myself if niggas don't get it together." Subsequently, Fool's Gold Records founder A-Trak, announced that Old was indeed in the label pipeline, with a music video on the way. On August 26, 2013, <mask> announced via Twitter that Old would be released on September 30, 2013. Old debuted at number 17 on the US Billboard 200, selling 15,000 copies in its first week of release. On October 3, 2013, <mask> and A-Trak announced their "Double Trouble" tour. In November 2013, <mask> was featured in the interactive music video for American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan's 1965 hit single "Like a Rolling Stone."In January 2014, <mask> guest starred in the Fox animated TV series Lucas Bros. Moving Co., voicing a character named Jumanji in the first-season episode "A/C Tundra." <mask>'s song "Witit" was also featured in the episode. On January 22, 2014, <mask> made his network television debut with a special performance on Jimmy Kimmel Live!. Joined by Purity Ring vocalist Megan James, <mask> performed "25 Bucks," a track off Old. In April 2014, Hot Soup, one of <mask>'s early mixtapes, was re-released as a double LP and 7-inch with 7 bonus tracks for Record Store Day. It was also released on CD with a bonus disc of instrumentals. Along with Hot Soup, <mask> also released Old as a double LP and a box set.On March 25, 2014, <mask> appeared The Arsenio Hall Show, where he promoted his third album Old and performed the single "Dip" from the album. On July 10, 2014, <mask> opened for Macklemore & Ryan Lewis in front of 37,500 people in Marlay Park, Dublin. On July 11 and 12, <mask> opened in front of 100,000 fans for Eminem's sold-out concert at Wembley Stadium in London. In November 2014, <mask> appeared on the song "Detroit vs. Everybody" alongside fellow Detroit-based rappers Eminem, Royce Da 5'9", Trick-Trick, Dej Loaf and Big Sean, from the Shady Records compilation album Shady XV. 2014–2016: Atrocity Exhibition

 In October 2014, <mask> announced he was working on a new album. In January 2015, <mask> announced he was working on a Dr. Seuss-inspired children's book, written for his 13-year-old daughter: "It's really about self-esteem in black girls," the rapper told radio station Triple J during his Australian tour. "You know how black women do so much – process their hair, change their eye color?It's really about a little girl who does all these things to herself and changes herself, and she realizes she's just better off the way she is." In April 2015, when asked if his album was done, <mask> responded: "Almost. I took a break from it cause I'm so ahead of schedule with it knowing it ain't coming out no time soon". In 2015, <mask> became the lead artist on the theme song for the ABC comedy series Fresh Off the Boat. On June 10, 2016, <mask> revealed on Instagram that he was "putting the final touches" on his fourth album. On June 14, <mask> announced his signing to Warp Records and released the first official single from his upcoming album, titled "When It Rain". On July 17, <mask> stated his new album would be titled Atrocity Exhibition, taking inspiration from the Joy Division song.In August 2016, <mask> appeared on The Eric Andre Show, alongside ASAP Rocky, Nocando, Open Mike Eagle, and Go Dreamer, in a segment titled “Rapper Warrior Ninja. His album Atrocity Exhibition was shortlisted by IMPALA (The Independent Music Companies Association) for the Album of the Year Award 2016, which rewards on a yearly basis the best album released on an independent European label. 2018–present: uknowhatimsayin¿
In August 2018, <mask> streamed via Twitch a collection of songs unofficially titled the "Twitch EP". In late April 2019, it was announced that <mask>'s fifth studio album, titled uknowhatimsayin¿, would be released later that year, featuring production from Q-Tip, JPEGMafia, and Paul White. In June 2019, Viceland announced that <mask> would star in a talk show titled "Danny's House" produced by Derrick Beckles. The show's first season began on August 14, 2019. Since August 12, 2019, he plays the character Griffin in Nathan Barnatt's web series Dad Feels and was featured in the song "Dad Feels Good".In December 2019, he appeared as himself in a Grand Theft Auto Online expansion as a radio host with Skepta. <mask> also lent his voice to Yung Ancestor, another fictional character in the game. In 2020, <mask> was once again featured on The Eric Andre Show, appearing with Talib Kweli as “Guest Judges” for the show’s recurring segment “Rapper Warrior Ninja”, after having been a contestant his previous appearance. In March 2021, he featured on the band Brockhampton’s first single from their album Roadrunner: New Light, New Machine called "Buzzcut". Personal life
In 2015, <mask> announced he was writing a children’s book intended for young black girls. <mask> is the father of a daughter, born in 2002. Discography

Studio albums
 The Hybrid (2010)
 XXX (2011)
 Old (2013)
 Atrocity Exhibition (2016)
 uknowhatimsayin¿ (2019)
 Quaranta (2022)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 <mask> on Myspace
<mask> Interview 2013

1981 births
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
African-American songwriters
Alternative hip hop musicians
American rappers of Filipino descent
Living people
Midwest hip hop musicians
Rappers from Detroit
Songwriters from Michigan
Underground rappers
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
Warp (record label) artists
Twitch (service) streamers
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people
American male

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<mask> (born December 18, 1957) is an American labor leader, attorney, and educator. She is president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) and a member of the AFL–CIO. She is the former president of the United Federation of Teachers. Early life
Rhonda "<mask><mask> was born in 1957 in New York City, to a Jewish family, Gabriel and Edith (Appelbaum<mask>. Her father was an electrical engineer and her mother a teacher. Weingarten grew up in Rockland County, New York, and attended Clarkstown High School North in New City, New York. A congregant of Congregation Beit Simchat Torah, she considers herself a deeply religious Jew.Weingarten's interest in trade unions and political advocacy was formed during childhood. Her mother's union went on a seven-week strike when Weingarten was in the eleventh grade. Under New York state's Taylor Law, her mother could have been fired for taking part in a strike. Instead, she was fined two days' pay for every day she was on strike. Later that year, the school board cut $2 million from the budget. Weingarten and several other students convinced the school board to let them conduct a survey regarding the impact of the cuts. The survey led several school board members to change their minds, and rescind the cuts.From 1979 to 1980, Weingarten was a legislative assistant for the Labor Committee of the New York State Senate. She received a B.S. degree in labor relations from the ILR School at Cornell University in 1980 and a J.D. degree from the Yeshiva University Cardozo School of Law in 1983. Legal career
<mask> worked as a lawyer for the firm of Stroock & Stroock & Lavan from 1983 to 1986, where she handled several acrimonious arbitration cases on behalf of the UFT. She was appointed an adjunct instructor at the Cardozo School of Law in 1986. She also worked as an attorney in the real estate department of Wien Malkin and Bettex.In 1986, Weingarten became counsel to Sandra Feldman, then-president of the UFT. Weingarten handled high-level grievances for the union. She was also lead counsel for the union in a number of lawsuits against New York City and the state of New York over school funding and school safety. By the early 1990s, she was the union's primary negotiator in UFT contract negotiations. Her negotiating positions became more aggressive throughout the 1990s. Teaching career
From 1991 to 1997 she taught at Clara Barton High School in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. The classes she taught included Law, Ethical Issues in Medicine, AP Political Science, and US History and Government.Her political science students competed in the We the People civics competition, winning the state championship in 1993-94 and 1994–95 and being fourth in the national championship in 1994–95. In 1995, <mask> was elected Assistant Secretary of the UFT. She continued teaching per diem from 1995 to 1997. UFT career
Elected the UFT's treasurer in 1997, Weingarten succeeded Sandra Feldman as president of the union a year later when Feldman was elected president of the national American Federation of Teachers. <mask> was elected a Vice President of the AFT the same year. Weingarten was reelected by consistently wide margins after her initial appointment in 1998. The local union's constitution required her to run for the UFT presidency within a year of her appointment.She received 74 percent of the vote against two opponents in 1999, and served the final two years of Feldman's term. She ran in 2001 for a full term and was re-elected. She won her third full three-year term with more than 88 percent of the vote, despite having two opposing candidates. On March 30, 2007, <mask> won reelection to a fourth term as UFT President, garnering 87 percent of the vote. <mask> stepped down from her post as president of the United Federation of Teachers on July 31, 2009. An opinion piece in the New York Post on January 16, 2011, characterized <mask>'s final paycheck from the UFT—which included payments for unused vacation days and sick time—as a $194,188 "golden parachute." Collective bargaining
Weingarten began negotiating her first contract as UFT president in 2000.Talks with the Giuliani administration began in early September 2000, but the contract expired on November 15, 2000, without a new agreement. By March 2001, the talks deadlocked and a state mediator was called in. Talks collapsed again on June 5, and <mask> asked for state arbitration. To pressure Giuliani, <mask> endorsed Alan Hevesi in the Democratic primary. In the run-off between Green and Ferrer, Weingarten endorsed Ferrer, who lost to Green. Michael Bloomberg defeated Green in the November 2001 election. Weingarten demanded a 22 percent wage hike; Giuliani offered 8 percent.Talks collapsed on March 9, and Weingarten began preparing the UFT for its first strike since the early 1970s. In the state arbitration panel's mid-April report, it advocated a major salary boost and a longer work week. Both sides agreed to a new collective bargaining agreement in June, raising wages 16 to 22 percent and lengthening the work week by 100 minutes. The UFT's contract expired on May 31, 2003. Once again, negotiations proved contentious. In January 2004, New York City School Chancellor Joel Klein proposed a merit-pay deal; in February, Mayor Bloomberg proposed replacing the union's 200-page contract with an 8-page set of guidelines. Weingarten rejected these proposals, and asked for state mediation in late March 2004.In May, Weingarten agreed to discuss merit pay. The union began a public-relations campaign featuring subway and television ads demanding a contract and held protests and marches. On June 1, 2005, nearly 20,000 teachers—about a quarter of the UFT membership—packed Madison Square Garden for a rally at which Weingarten denounced Bloomberg and Klein, asked for a strike vote, and requested state arbitration. Contract talks resumed in August and September. A tentative contract was reached on October 3, 2005. The union won a wage increase of 14.25 percent over 52 months, retroactive to June 1, 2003. Other changes include a slightly longer workday (with the extra time devoted to tutoring) and the elimination of union control over some staffing decisions.The contract, ratified on November 3, 2005, passed with just 63 percent of UFT members in favor. Weingarten concluded her third collective bargaining agreement on November 6, 2006, when the union and city reached a tentative deal to increase pay by 7.1 percent over two years. The agreement raised base pay for senior teachers above $100,000 a year, bringing city salaries in line with those in New York City's suburbs for the first time. The city did not seek any increases in the work day or work load or any other concessions, as it had with other unions. Negotiations over health benefits were to be conducted separately in talks with the Municipal Labor Committee, an umbrella group for municipal unions which Weingarten chairs. Observers said Bloomberg sought an early contract in order to win UFT support in his struggle with Governor Eliot Spitzer over school funding. In October 2007, Weingarten assented to two agreements whereby the city and the UFT would jointly seek legislative approval for a new pension deal allowing teachers with 25 years of service to retire at age 55 and providing bonuses to all teachers in schools that showed a certain level of improvement in student achievement.In June 2009, Weingarten negotiated some pension modifications for new teachers in exchange for maintaining the age 55 pension and for allowing teachers to return to their traditional post-Labor Day start date. New union headquarters
In 2003, Weingarten sold the UFT's headquarters at 260 Park Avenue South and two other buildings at 48 and 49 East 21st Street for $63.6 million and moved the union's offices to Lower Manhattan, purchasing a building at 50 Broadway for $53.75 million and leasing the building next to it, 52 Broadway, for 32 years. The UFT also financed a $40 million renovation of both buildings. Organizing
The UFT represents all teachers, paraprofessional school employees, and professionals (such as school nurses, school psychologists, and others) in the New York City schools. The UFT saw some membership growth under Weingarten among these workers. The UFT also has a registered nurse division which represents roughly 2,800 registered nurses at Lutheran Medical Center, Staten Island University Hospital-South, Jewish Home and Hospital Home Health Agency, and the Visiting Nurse Service of New York.<ref>"Visiting Nurses Vie for Funds", New York Teacher, January 28, 2004; Fallaci, "They've Come A Long Way", New York Teacher, January 20, 2005; Hirsch, "UFT Nurses OK VNS Contract", New York Teacher", February 17, 2005.</ref> The UFT saw more growth in this division, as the Visiting Nurse Service expanded and the union organized non-RN units at the non-profit company. <mask>'s largest organizing victory came when the UFT organized child care providers in New York City.The campaign began in 2005, and concluded in 2007. The organizing drive—the largest successful union campaign in the city since 1960, when the United Federation of Teachers itself was formed—added 28,000 workers to the union's 113,000 active and 56,000 retired members. AFT Presidency
On February 12, 2008, AFT President Edward J. McElroy announced he would retire at the union's regularly scheduled biennial convention in July. On July 14, Weingarten was elected to succeed him. She is the first openly gay individual to be elected president of a national American labor union. In her first year, she fought for resources to keep schools and other public institutions afloat during the ongoing fiscal crises, and started an AFT Innovation Fund to promote and disseminate innovative educational reforms by teachers and their union. Views

School reform
Weingarten advocates what she describes as a "bottom up" approach to education reform, and says that public officials should welcome the views—and account for the needs—of teachers when working to help schools better serve their students.She has, as AFT president, criticized state and federal reforms proposed by her opponents. The AFT, during Weingarten's presidency, has focused scrutiny on well-funded third parties that have attempted to influence education policy—with the Walton Foundation, the largest philanthropic donor in the United States, drawing particular scrutiny. In a 2015 report co-authored with In the Public Interest, the AFT decried the Walton Foundation's pursuit of what the report termed a "market-based model [that] will lead to ... the eventual elimination of public education altogether, in favor of an across-the-board system of privately operated schools." Weingarten was among nineteen arrested in March 2013 while protesting a Philadelphia School Reform Commission meeting on school closures. Neighborhood public schools, according to Weingarten, can coexist with charter schools—but she opposes initiatives that work to supplant the former with the latter. Weingarten sees the role of charters as complementary to, rather than competing with, other schools. "Charter schools should be laboratories for innovation and creative ideas that can be scaled up so they can enrich communities," she has said.In a 2013 debate in New Haven, Weingarten argued that charter schools pull money from regular school districts. Standardized testing
Weingarten condemns a "fixation on testing and data over everything else" as "a fundamental flaw in how our nation approaches public education," but accepts the use of standardized tests as one tool among several to evaluate student achievement and teacher performance. As AFT president, she has criticized the No Child Left Behind Act for "allow[ing] high-stakes testing to eclipse all else, including the children themselves." In a 2015 op-ed for The New York Times, she wrote:

Tests should be used to get teachers, parents and school communities the information they need to help students make progress — not to sanction or scapegoat, as they do now with high-stakes tests driving federal education policy. Instead, we need investments to level the playing field for kids, boost innovation, elevate the teaching profession and support educators. The Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 (ESSA) passed into law with the AFT's support. The law eliminates the federal requirement that states evaluate teachers according to their students' standardized test scores, and allows states to weigh factors in addition to test scores when judging the performance of school systems.Weingarten has applauded the ESSA for "relegating the era of test-and-punish strategies to the trash heap" and for offering "teachers ... flexibility to try new ways to teach, to meet the needs of their students, and to help their students think critically and analytically instead of focusing on what might be on a high-stakes test." As AFT president, Weingarten favored the act particularly because of provisions that stripped the United States Secretary of Education's role in influencing teacher-evaluation systems and maintained federal funding Title I for schools with high proportions of students from low-income households. Teacher training and retention
An overemphasis on standardized testing and a shortage of resources, according to Weingarten, has harmed efforts to recruit and retain well-prepared teachers at public schools. "A haphazard approach to the complex and crucial enterprise of educating children," she has written, "[is] unfair to both students and teachers, who want and need to be well-prepared to teach from their first day on the job." In response to a New York Times story about public school systems short of teaching staff, she said that "teachers are used to the pressure cooker but are stressed out because they aren't getting the support, resources, time and respect they need to do their jobs." Weingarten has proposed—as a means of improving the quality of teachers in American classrooms—the creation of a professional licensing exam, akin to the bar exam taken by lawyers, for new teachers. "Better preparing teachers for entry into the profession," Weingarten says, "will dramatically reduce the loss of new teachers—nearly half of whom leave after fewer than five years—and the loss of knowledge that goes with it."Poverty and community schools
The AFT, under <mask>'s leadership, has worked to draw attention to economic inequalities within cities and regions that can hobble public schools. With school systems in the United States heavily reliant on local property taxes, systems that rely on depressed or depleted tax bases can find themselves without the financial resources available to comparatively wealthier districts. Philanthropic efforts in public schools, in Weingarten's view, have incorrectly focused on the educator's role in student performance—"what we now know is 10% of student achievement," she remarked in one interview—to the exclusion of underlying problems, such as poverty, that undermine student progress. "We need to ... treat kids that have the least, give them the most," says Weingarten—"not with a blank check, but actually figure out the supports they need so that they can climb up the ladder of opportunity." During <mask>'s presidency, the AFT has pushed for creating what the union calls "community schools": schools that serve as hubs for non-academic programs addressed to whole communities. Undergirding that concept is the understanding—as described by former Boston Public Schools superintendent Thomas W. Payzant, who implemented a community-school model in the city, in a 2005 book—that "students' noneducational realities, such as nutritional deficiencies, medical problems, safety concerns, even daily hunger, are daunting barriers that can obstruct even the most flexible educational program." To address those perceived needs, community schools offer 'wraparound services' that target identified social issues: job banks to help parents secure employment, for example, or housing counseling for families that lack permanent homes.In a 2008 address given during her first run for the AFT presidency, Weingarten said, in the course of promoting the community-school paradigm:

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 day and offer after-school and evening recreational activities, child care and preschool, tutoring and homework assistance. Schools that include dental, medical and counseling clinics ... Imagine if schools had the educational resources children need to thrive, like smaller classes and individualized instruction, plentiful, up-to-date materials and technology anchored to that rich curriculum, decent facilities, an early start for toddlers and a nurturing atmosphere. The AFT has extolled community schools that operate in Philadelphia, Cincinnati, St. Paul, Minn., Austin, Texas, Providence, R.I., and other cities where the union represents public schoolteachers. The union has itself sponsored community school efforts in Chicago, and in West Virginia, the AFT has launched a public-private partnership—called Reconnecting McDowell—that aims to "enhance educational opportunity for children in the McDowell County public schools in Central Appalachia, while addressing the underlying problems caused by severe and chronic poverty and economic decline." Efforts through the program have included the building of a "teacher village" for educators, setup of an internship program for high-school students, and mentoring of students from families in which they would be the first to attend college. Teacher tenure
Weingarten has resisted attempts to curtail or eliminate tenure protections for public-school teachers, arguing that the outright removal of tenure protection would hurt the quality of classroom instruction."We know that the states with the highest academic performance have the strongest due process protections for teachers," Weingarten wrote to Time magazine in 2014. "Research shows that our most at-risk kids need more-experienced teachers. But why would these teachers stay at schools with few tools, little support and no ability to voice their concerns?" Education policy proposals built around eliminating tenure have drawn derision from Weingarten as "faddish reforms" at the expense of what she terms "the most critical issues confronting American education": teacher training, education funding, school safety, and educational reinforcement at home. She downplays the idea of worker protections as obstacles to improving schools, describing tenure "not a job for life, [but] ensuring fairness and due process before someone can be fired, plain and simple." When United States Secretary of Education Arne Duncan issued a statement siding with a California superior court judge who ruled the state's teacher tenure protections unconstitutional, <mask> responded that Duncan had "added to the polarization" in debates over education policy, and charged that focusing on "quick fixes, blame games or silver bullets" such as ending tenure had "set us back in our effort to help all kids succeed." The AFT has worked, however, to reshape tenure in some states.In 2011 Weingarten offered a plan that would rely on a teacher-evaluation system with multiple parts—including assessment of student improvement on tests—to give tenured teachers rated unsatisfactory one year to improve, and allow the firing of teachers who fail to meet that deadline within the next 100 days. The proposal followed a 2008 agreement between Weingarten and District of Columbia public schools chancellor Michelle Rhee that allowed the termination of Washington Teachers' Union members evaluated as ineffective, after a one-year period—and in public remarks, Weingarten has discussed her role in efforts to modernize tenure elsewhere. Pensions and retirement
Under Weingarten, the AFT has combatted efforts to shift responsibility for retirement investing to teachers—with Weingarten herself drawing notoriety, according to Institutional Investor magazine, as "the most public face in the battle for defined benefit pension funds." In a 2014 op-ed, Weingarten attacked "people who press ... to convert defined benefit pensions to 401(k) plans," asserting that advocates of 401(k) plans "never talk about the benefits retirees are likely to get under these new plans — because it's likely to be a lot less than retirees need to get by." In its campaign against moving teachers into defined-contribution pensions, AFT has argued that shifting investment risks to individuals has led to deleterious results for retirees. Hedge funds that manage teacher pension investments have drawn heavy criticism from AFT; the union, in 2015, prepared a report that concluded such investments "exacted a high cost, had laggard returns and generally moved in tandem with the overall stock market." The report came in the wake of a 2013 AFT study that charged some hedge-fund managers with a conflict of interest—according to BuzzFeed, the 2013 report said that while managing teachers' defined benefit pensions, some fund managers had "support[ed] groups like the Manhattan Institute, which has recommended replacing pensions with 401(k)-type plans, and Students First, whose national branch advocates eliminating defined-benefit plans."Political activities
<mask> and the UFT endorsed Republican George Pataki for re-election as Governor of New York in 2002. Julia Levy reported in the New York Sun on February 1, 2005, that candidates for mayor of New York were meeting with Weingarten, and "political experts" were saying that "Weingarten has become something of a kingmaker." The UFT's endorsement, wrote Levy, meant "votes, campaign volunteers, and information." A lifelong Democrat, Weingarten is a member of the Democratic National Committee (DNC). She was an early and critically important supporter of Howard Dean as Chairman of the DNC. She is a superdelegate who was pledged to Hillary Clinton during the 2008 presidential primary. In January 2009, she was mentioned as a possible candidate in the appointment process to replace Clinton's U.S. Senate seat.In one of the Wikileaks emails from John Podesta, chair of the Hillary Clinton campaign, Weingarten states her desire to "go after" the National Nurses United union after their endorsement of Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States. In 2020, Weingarten was named a candidate for Secretary of Education in the Biden Administration. She was an elector for the State of New York in the 2020 United States Presidential Election. Criticism

Public school governance and oversight
In spring 1998 in the City Journal, the quarterly magazine of the conservative Manhattan Institute think tank, Sol Stern dismissed Weingarten's claim to support school reform as "pure union propaganda." Carl Campanile reported in the January 21, 2004, New York Post that Weingarten had called for union members to voice concerns by sending e-mails to the schools chancellor, Joel Klein, and Mayor Bloomberg  "about the micromanagement and mismanagement issues that make your job more difficult this year." Pundit John Stossel wrote, in an opinion piece in the conservative New York Sun,  about a rally held by Weingarten at Madison Square Garden at which teachers demanded "a new contract and more money." Stossel said that the teachers unions "can pay for expensive rallies at 'the world's most famous arena' because every teacher in a unionized district like New York must give up some of his salary to the union.Even teachers who don't like the union, teachers who believe in school choice, and teachers who could make more on the open market must fork over their money to support the unions that fight against school choice and merit pay." Calling the present situation in New York schools a nightmare, Stossel wrote that "the unions fight to protect the nightmare" and mocked Weingarten's promise that the UFT would "police our own profession" with  "I'd like to police my own job, too. And I'll bet some students would just love to police their own homework!" He accused Weingarten of "protect[ing] incompetents" and "reward[ing] mediocrity." He said that he had "confronted Weingarten," telling her,  "Unionized monopolies like yours fail. In this case, it is the children who - who you are failing." She replied by rejecting the label "unionized monopoly" and by saying that her critics "don't really care about kids."The editorial board of the New York Post wrote, on February 28, 2007, about a planned gathering of opponents of Mayor Michael Bloomberg's public-school reform efforts, describing some of the participants as "a bought-and-paid-for chorus of false reformers" who "dance to the tunes of <mask> Weingarten ... who has been trying to derail real reform since Mayor Mike wrested control of the schools from the educrats some five years ago." Calling the UFT "one of the richest special interests in America", the editorial board maintained that Weingarten does not care "about New York's schoolchildren" but is loyal "to her members." In an opinion piece in the conservative New York Sun, Andrew Wolf wrote that Mayor Bloomberg had called the UFT the "number one" obstacle to education reform, but had reached a compromise with a coalition including the UFT, ACORN, and the Working Families Party. Wolf said that Weingarten, speaking to parent groups in a conference call, had called Department of Education officials "absolute and complete assholes" who "can't be trusted." On September 30, 2009, in the conservative City Journal, Sol Stern asserted that "the UFT and the Bloomberg administration [had] increasingly developed a cartel-like working relationship, with New York taxpayers paying the price." The editorial board of The New York Post said on June 2, 2009, that Weingarten, "who'd previously vowed to gut City Hall's control over the schools," had now "delivered a nearly full-throated endorsement of it," reflecting her recognition of the "sweeping, and undeniable" progress in test scores of elementary-school pupils,

Reacting on July 7, 2009, to Weingarten's statement, upon taking control of the AFT, that New York City is "the best laboratory in the world for trying new things," the conservative editorial board of The Wall Street Journal asserted this could be true "if it weren't for Ms. Weingarten's union," and wrote that the UFT under her direction had done everything possible "to block significant reforms to New York's public schools." In a 2009 essay by Steven Brill in The New Yorker, New York City Schools Chancellor Joel Klein was quoted as calling the teacher tenure policies defended by the UFT "ridiculous"—with Klein asserting that "the three principles that govern our system are lockstep compensation, seniority, and tenure.All three are not right for our children." Brill attributed to "many education reformers" the belief "that the U.F.T. and its political allies had gained so much clout" over the years "that it had become impossible for the city's Board of Education, which already shared a lot of power with local boards, to maintain effective school oversight." However, Brill later reversed his view of Weingarten, and proposed that New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg appoint her chancellor of the school system. Raising salaries and merit pay

During her tenure as UFT president, Weingarten pushed for higher salaries and improved training for teachers, often agreeing to longer work days and more tutoring time in order to win better pay. Between 2002 and 2007, salaries for New York City teachers rose 42 percent. "The Influentials: Education", New York, May 8, 2006.Weingarten has endorsed merit pay for city teachers, and in 2007 negotiated a controversial contract which paid teachers bonuses if their students' test scores rose. Nicole Gelinas wrote in the conservative City Journal on June 16, 2005, that "Weingarten declared that merit-pay plans 'pit teachers against each other instead of encouraging a collaborative school culture.' What Weingarten and the union do not see ... is that competition is healthy." Gelinas went on to assert that "until Weingarten budges ... virtue will have to be its own reward for New York's teachers." In an opinion column on June 14, 1999, Bob McManus asserted that "67 percent of New York City's fourth-graders" had "turned up functionally illiterate in state tests in May," and that the response from the UFT was to call for "more 'classroom resources' (i.e., Big League raises)." McManus argued that "there's more to this crisis than money—or the lack of it," and called on Weingarten to "get out of the way of folks who believe they can get the job done for less." Andrew Wolf, in an October 19, 2007, op-ed in the New York Sun entitled "Socialism for Schools," argued that despite some observers' perception that "Mayor Bloomberg and Chancellor Klein [had] won a victory over the teachers' union by gaining approval of a merit pay scheme," the real winner was Weingarten, who had gained power for the UFT.The new plan, Wolf asserted, did not reward individual performance but treated each school as a collective, with union committees dividing bonuses among all union members, including school secretaries and others. In October 2012, after what the New York Times called "months of intense and late-night negotiations," Weingarten and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie reached a "landmark compromise," agreeing on a new contract for teachers in the Newark school system. Although, as the Times noted, Weingarten "had criticized what she calls 'merit pay schemes,'" she "agreed to embrace the concept in exchange for a promise that teachers would have a rare role in evaluating performance." After this agreement was reached, supporters of merit pay for New York City public-school teachers expressed hope that the UFT, which had "always opposed individual merit pay initiatives," would now follow Weingarten's example. Also in 2012, Weingarten criticized what she calls "merit pay schemes". Teacher tenure
In 2009, when New York state Assemblywoman Catherine Nolan said that she had been prevented by a hip injury from introducing a measure to form a commission to study teacher-tenure reform—which the UFT had agreed to as a compromise measure—the New York Post editorialized that the legislative inaction which resulted "ha[d] the United Federation of Teachers chief's fingerprints all over it." The Post argued that Nolan had managed to pass "77 other education bills ... while she was out for surgery," and called it likely that Weingarten had influenced Nolan's decision.In a February 2011 interview, Weingarten acknowledged that "tenure needs to be reformed," noting that the AFT had adopted recommendations for tenure reform. Observing that the issue of teacher tenure had "erupted recently, with many districts anticipating layoffs because of slashed budgets" and with mayors such as Michael R. Bloomberg in New York City and Cory A. Booker in Newark "attack[ing] seniority laws," the New York Times reported that Weingarten had agreed to support some kind of tenure reform. Teacher pension plans
Weingarten has strongly supported defined-benefit pension plans for teachers. Sol Stern argued in the conservative City Journal on June 25, 2009, that an agreement reached between Weingarten and the Bloomberg administration on teacher pensions would "probably wind up harming Gotham's students." Under the agreement, Stern asserted, teachers would "make no sacrifices to help ease the city's economic and fiscal crisis" and would even get "a shorter work year," with a ten-and-a-half-week summer vacation. In April 2013, Weingarten organized an action to confront Dan Loeb—a New York investment manager and board member of the New York chapter of lobbying organization StudentsFirst—over his opposition to defined-benefit pension plans for public employees. In the same month, the Wall Street Journal editorial board painted Weingarten as "trying to strong-arm pension trustees not to invest in hedge funds or private-equity funds that support education reform."Weingarten had, according to the editorial board, "tried to sandbag hedge fund investor Dan Loeb at a conference sponsored by the Council of Institutional Investors," describing her as troubled by the fact "that Mr. Loeb puts his own money behind school reform and charter schools." Weingarten had, according to the Journal editorial, demanded a meeting with Loeb at the conference, but the editorial board wrote that he had "wisely declined the honor of showing up for this

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 political mugging." This "attempted ambush," continued the Journal editorial, "coincide[d] with a new report that her union sent to pension trustees this week called 'Ranking Asset Managers,'" with the rankings based not on "return on investment" but on such matters "as a manager's position on collective bargaining, privatization [read: vouchers] or proposals to discontinue providing benefits through defined benefit plans." The editorial board imputed "Ms. Weingarten's union fury" to her "know[ing that] unions are losing the moral and political debate over reform, as more Americans conclude that her policies are consigning millions of children to a life of diminished opportunity." Weingarten had "bull[ied] pension trustees to bully hedge funds," the editorial board charged, "to cut off funding for poor kids in Harlem. Every time we wonder if we're too cynical about unions, they remind us that we're not nearly cynical enough." School choice and charter schools
Weingarten has opposed charter schools and school choice.In a City Journal essay in 1999, Sol Stern contrasted "Milwaukee's healthy approach to school choice" with what he termed Weingarten's promise to "fight with every resource at [her] disposal any attempt by the mayor to create a voucher system" in New York. Given what Stern described as the UFT's "impressive" resources, he deemed Mayor Giuliani courageous to take on "what promises to be," Stern opined, "a long fight for the beleaguered parents of New York's schoolchildren." Writing about a 1999 Emergency Coalition Against Vouchers "teach-in" attended by Weingarten, Stern asserted that "calling the rally ... a teach-in was almost Orwellian. Despite the nostalgic references to the Sixties," Stern continued, "this event was the antithesis of insurgency." Weingarten, he alleged, had made it clear that whatever the wishes of parents and the public, she "had the political clout to block even a tiny experimental voucher plan." In a February 6, 2007, op-ed in the New York Post, Thomas W. Carroll of an advocacy organization called the Foundation for Education Reform & Accountability charged that Weingarten sought to unionize charter schools against the will of the teachers at those schools. To this end, Carroll wrote, Weingarten had tried  pursue a unionization process known as card check, which involves the gathering signatures from pro-union teachers in lieu of a unionization vote by secret ballot.According to Carroll's op-ed, Weingarten had claimed that teachers had been fired from charter schools for wanting a union, but lacked the evidence to prove "these wild allegations." In an April 10, 2009, article, The New York Post asserted that UFT activists had "sought to push City Council members into grilling Department of Education officials during a hearing on charter schools ... while taking it easy on union officials." When those efforts—described by the article as "puppeteering"— became public, Weingarten told WNYW that she would "make some changes at the union to make sure that that never happens again" and said that former City Council Education Committee Chairwoman Eva Moskowitz, who had criticized the UFT's actions, "used to ask us all the time, when she was education chair, for questions to prep the City Council about what's really going on in schools." Moskowitz, who after leaving the council had become founder and CEO of Success Academy Charter Schools, called Weingarten's charge "utterly false" and "defamatory." The editorial board of the New York Post wrote, on August 6, 2011, about a PowerPoint presentation by an AFT lobbyist that "underscore[d] the sharp disparity between the union's public posture and its actual policies." The presentation, according to the editorial's retelling, had "detailed how the union successfully rebuffed efforts" in Connecticut to enact a parent trigger law designed to let parents to "reconstitute a consistently failing school into a charter school." After the presentation was made public, the editorial observed, an AFT statement said that the presentation did "not represent AFT's position."The editorial quoted Gwen Samuel of the Connecticut Parents Union, a pro-parent trigger advocacy organization, saying: "I'm concerned that they [AFT] were so bold. This screams, 'I'm untouchable.'" The editorial board of the New York Post wrote on October 8, 2012, that the film Won't Back Down—a fictionalized account of a parent-trigger takeover at a neighborhood public school—had drawn what the editorial termed "the acid-laced enmity" of Weingarten, who had accused the film of employing "the most blatant stereotypes and caricatures I have ever seen" and of placing blame for failing schools "on the wrong culprit: America's teachers unions." AFT members protested outside the film's premiere, the editorial noted. Rich Lowry, the editor of the conservative National Review, opined in the Post that Weingarten objected to the film not because its characters were, as she described them, stereotypes, but because "they are revelations." Teacher accountability
Weingarten has been frequently criticized over the years for resisting attempts to address the problem of teacher incompetence. When New York schools Chancellor Joel Klein announced a new peer-review process in 2007 to identify bad teachers, Weingarten called the plan "a stake in the heart of every teacher."The editors of the New York Sun noted on September 17, 2007, that Weingarten, when asked on a talk show about teacher accountability, replied: "When people say to me, you know, well, why shouldn't teachers be, you know, judged on the test scores of their kids? I say to them ... would you want your oncologist, or your mom or dad's oncologist to be graded on the survival rates of his or her patients?" The Sun's editors noted that doctors are, in fact, "held accountable for performance. ... Would that teachers were held to such standards as exist in the oncology ward." The New York Post noted on January 22, 2008, that "Weingarten promised a full-arsenal fight if the Department of Education attempts to judge individual teachers based on their students' test scores." Regarding a new pilot program to determine teacher effectiveness, Weingarten commented in 2008: "There are so many educational and technical flaws in this concept that I find it shocking that the school system is even considering it." Editorializing about Weingarten's acceptance speech at the 2008 AFT convention, the New York Post commented that she had "laid out her vision for 'community schools' that do everything but, well, teach."The Post described her as envisioning a "one-stop nanny state ... owned and operated by Randi Weingarten & Co." and suggested that her "push for all-purpose schools" was a way of "dodg[ing] teacher accountability in the one area schools are built for – teaching kids how to read, write and do numbers." Writing in the New Yorker on August 31, 2009, Steven Brill quoted a school principal as saying that Weingarten "would protect a dead body in the classroom." He quoted a teacher who had been suspended for incompetence, and who still earned over a hundred thousand dollars a year, as complaining that "Before Bloomberg and Klein took over, there was no such thing as incompetence." United States Education Secretary Arne Duncan was scheduled to hold a press conference at PS 65 in Brooklyn on May 18, 2010, but after Weingarten made a call to Duncan complaining about the school's principal, Daysi Garcia, Duncan changed the press-conference venue. The New York Post editorialized that it was "no surprise that Garcia is the sort of principal Weingarten can't abide," given that Garcia "makes her teachers work — and she demands results." The Post cited a New Yorker article which had reported that Garcia had dared to identify and remove incompetent teachers, and consequently turned the school around, improving reading and math scores dramatically. The Post suggested that the lessons here were that "It's not just charter schools that get the union's goat — it's any school that gives kids a decent education by holding teachers accountable" and that "The union will fight to the very end."Writing on May 30, 2013, about efforts to get "New York state's teachers unions to accept personal accountability as a bedrock principle of public-education reform," Bob McManus of the New York Post commented that Weingarten "once seemed to have a conscience on such matters — but no more," adhering to the principle that "No tenured teacher, under any circumstances, is to be held to account for any failing of any sort." New York City schools chancellor Dennis M. Walcott wrote on September 6, 2013, that the Board of Education had managed, despite resistance by the UFT, to establish "an accountability system that included qualitative reviews and Progress Reports," to end "the absurd practice of promoting students to higher grades if they lacked the skills to succeed," and to institute "the first genuine teacher-evaluation system in the history of the school system." Private-school tax credits
Weingarten has been a severe critic of proposals to allow parents to use tax credits to help pay to send their children to private school. The editors of the New York Sun on November 21, 2006, quoted Weingarten's statement that allowing parents to apply tax credits to private-school tuition was "like saying government should reimburse people who drink bottled water instead of tap water — or those who park in a garage even when there is space on the street," the editors of the New York Sun argued on November 21, 2006, that "bottled water and garage parking are luxuries, more expensive than tap water or street parking," while educating a child in a New York Catholic school, for example, costs one-quarter as much as educating a public-school student. Class size
Smaller class sizes have also been a major initiative of the UFT under Weingarten. She attempted to tie smaller class sizes to salaries in each of the three collective bargaining agreements she has negotiated, and linked class size to school repair and rebuilding issues. In 2003, Weingarten and the UFT pushed for a change to the New York City Charter which would force the city to reduce class sizes.The charter revision became caught in lawsuits and was eventually dropped, although Weingarten continued to advocate for smaller class sizes. A New York Sun editorial on May 20, 2003, questioned Weingarten's focus on this issue and challenged her argument that class size is a critical factor in learning, noting that "America has been reducing class sizes steadily for the last half century, with little to show in results." Teacher seniority
Weingarten has been a staunch supporter of the LIFO policy ("last in, first out"), otherwise known as teacher seniority. When Education Secretary Arne Duncan changed a February 2011 speech at the last minute to remove a negative reference to the LIFO policy, under which the last teacher to be hired must be the first one fired, the New York Post editorialized that the action "has the fingerprints of <mask> Weingarten and the American Federation of Teachers all over it." Asked in a 2011 Wall Street Journal interview about LIFO, Weingarten defended it, saying: "It's not the perfect mechanism but it's the best mechanism we have. You have cronyism and corruption and discrimination issues. We're saying let's do things the right way.We don't want to see people getting laid off based on who they know instead of what they know. We don't want to see people get laid off based on how much they cost." School building conditions
Poor schooling conditions, namely run-down public schools, have also drawn Weingarten's attention. The city of New York has neglected building conditions for many years. Subsidized housing for teachers
In an October 5, 2007, New York Sun article, Eliot Brown wrote that a new Bronx apartment complex would be open only to UFT members: "Our members have said we want to live in the city and raise our families in the city, but we can't afford it, so this is something we've been looking at for a while," Weingarten said. In December 2007, Weingarten cancelled the subsidized-housing deal after discovering that the developer would not be using unionized construction workers. Unions, she said, "should be standing up for each other."The New York Post commented that "it clearly doesn't occur to Weingarten that using non-union labor is a major reason developers can build 'affordable' apartments" and that "she is imperilling a project that is beneficial to her teacher constituency for the 'greater good' of the broader labor movement." The Post noted that Weingarten, in addition to running the UFT, "also chairs the Municipal Labor Committee – an umbrella group of more than 100 city unions." Observing that because of her solidarity, "200 or so teachers may lose out on inexpensive apartments and – if the project falls through – several jobs won't be created at all," the Post alluded to the "biblical adage ... that a man can't serve two masters." Teacher dress codes
Sol Stern wrote in the Summer 1998 issue of City Journal about Weingarten's opposition to a proposed dress code for teachers, calling it "a diversion from the real job at hand." Union solidarityThe New York Post criticized Weingarten in a February 6, 2013, editorial for signing on to a report by a coalition of unions and other groups calling for a range of new regulations to govern foreign workers. "We're not surprised the AFT is on board," the Post commented. "If you think of our public schools primarily as a jobs program, it makes perfect sense."Plagiarized speech
A speech that Weingarten gave in 2011 turned out to have been plagiarized from a NY 1 series on a flawed Board of Education computer system. NY 1 responded, saying "When a journalist, politician or student uses someone else's words without attribution in a speech or a paper, it's called plagiarism – and it's often enough to get a journalist fired, a politician embarrassed or a student kicked out of school". WTU conflict
In 2010, the AFT and Weingarten specifically were charged with interfering in the local elections of the Washington Teachers Union (WTU). The elections had been scheduled for May but postponed because of a dispute over procedural questions. In August of that year, Weingarten imposed a deadline on WTU President George Parker to comply with an order "to hold a mid-September election for new officers and delegates, or the contest will be taken out of his hands and conducted by the national parent organization." Parker objected that Weingarten had no authority to interfere in this manner. Weingarten ultimately took over the election.Personal life
On October 11, 2007, Weingarten publicly announced she is a lesbian. Weingarten introduced Liz Margolies, 54, a psychotherapist and health care activist, as her partner while accepting the Empire State Pride Agenda's 2007 Community Service Award from Christine Quinn.Melago, Carrie "Teachers Union President Comes Out Publicly As A Lesbian", New York Daily News, October 13, 2007. By December 2012, she was in a relationship with Rabbi Sharon Kleinbaum of Congregation Beit Simchat Torah. They married March 25, 2018. In December 2014, Weingarten wrote in Jezebel'' that she had almost been raped just after her junior year in college. See also

 American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations
 LGBT culture in New York City
 LGBT people from New York City

References

External links

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1957 births
2000 United States presidential electors
2020 United States presidential electors
American Federation of Teachers people
20th-century American Jews
American labor lawyers
American legal scholars
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law alumni
Cardozo School of Law faculty
Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations alumni
Democratic National Committee people
Lawyers from New York City
Leaders of American trade unions
Lesbians
LGBT Jews
LGBT people from New York (state)
Living people
New York (state) Democrats
New York (state) lawyers
People from Rockland County, New York
People involved in plagiarism controversies
Women labour leaders
Women legal scholars
Women presidents of organizations
21st-century


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<mask> (born 14 October 1961) is an English former footballer who was most recently the manager of Scunthorpe United. Playing as a defender, <mask> made over 100 appearances for each of Burnley, Middlesbrough, and Nottingham Forest. In 1994, <mask> became player-manager of Grimsby Town before taking a similar position with Scunthorpe United in 1997. For the next nine years, <mask> served as manager of Scunthorpe, guiding them to promotion twice. In 2006, he accepted the managerial role at Sheffield Wednesday, lasting three years in the job during which time Burnley approached him for their managers job when Steve Cotterill left, but were put off by the compensation demanded by Wednesday. Wednesday later struggled with financial problems and he was dismissed in December 2009 after a poor run of results. After only a brief spell out of the game, Burnley appointed <mask> as their manager, giving him his first chance to manage in the Premier League after Owen Coyle left the club for Bolton in January 2010 and took the entire management team with him.He was dismissed by the club in December that year. <mask> returned to manage Scunthorpe United in 2012 only to be dismissed in November 2013. Playing career
Born in Wallsend, Northumberland, <mask> began playing football at the famous Wallsend Boys Club. Aged 17 he signed his first professional contract with Burnley, joining the club as an apprentice. Over the following four seasons he made 181 appearances for the club and, despite his defensive role, scored fifteen goals. However, during this period the club's fortunes were in decline and, following relegation back to the old Third Division, Burnley sold <mask> across the Pennines to Huddersfield Town for only £10,000 in 1983. Two years later <mask> was sold again, moving to Middlesbrough for £30,000.After a short period <mask> became first choice in Middlesbrough's starting eleven, in his three seasons at the club he twice helped the team to promotion, firstly to the Second Division and then, just a year later, up to the old First Division. However, the club's finances were not strong, and when Nottingham Forest offered £120,000 for his contract in 1988 Middlesbrough sold him to the Trentside club. On 14 July 1986, he famously applied to the Football League to have his contract cancelled and enable himself to leave Middlesbrough on a free transfer, as they were in liquidation and on the verge of losing their Football League status and going out of business at this stage. However, they were saved from closure the following month and <mask> remained part of the team who won promotion in the next two seasons to take them from the Third Division to the First. <mask> was part of <mask>'s successful Nottingham Forest team for six seasons, playing mainly as right full-back. He is sometimes credited as Forest's second-best right-back of all time behind regular England international Viv Anderson. During this time he won the League Cup twice and was runner up in the League Cup and FA Cup.Clough's first words to his new signing were "I've never seen you play, son, I'm going on the recommendation of Ronnie Fenton. So if you're crap, Ronnie signed you. If you're good, I signed you." <mask> was at Forest at the time of the Hillsborough disaster in the 1988–89 FA Cup semi final. The originally scheduled fixture had to be abandoned early in the game due to fans being fatally crushed in the Leppings Lane terracing. In the rescheduled fixture, <mask> scored an own goal; the game ended 3–1 to Liverpool. Forest were relegated from the Premier League at the end of the 1992–93 season and Clough retired, a year and a half later and with reduced first team opportunities, <mask> left on a free transfer to become player-manager at Grimsby Town.Managerial career
<mask> started his management career at Grimsby Town in 1994, replacing Alan Buckley who had moved to West Bromwich Albion. <mask>' management of Town was initially successful, but deteriorated after he clashed with Grimsby player Ivano Bonetti. <mask> reportedly threw a plate of chicken wings at the Italian following a 3–2 defeat at Luton Town in February 1996. <mask> was dismissed by Grimsby after a poor start to the 96–97 season. He then had a short spell as a player with Darlington before taking charge of Scunthorpe United. At Scunthorpe <mask> achieved promotion twice, in 1999 and 2005 respectively. He was dismissed by the club in March 2004 but was reinstated three weeks later, leading them to promotion the following season.After nearly 10 years at Scunthorpe <mask> left the club in November 2006 to take over the manager's job at Sheffield Wednesday. Ex-Wednesday chairman Dave Allen, in an interview made before hiring <mask>, admitted that he liked him because of his <mask> management style. He said "I like him, he comes from the Clough camp, I'm a great admirer of the Clough camp". On 7 February 2009, <mask> became the first Sheffield Wednesday Manager for 95 years to do the league double over their neighbours Sheffield United, therefore making sure his name goes down in Wednesday history. <mask> however came under increasing pressure from Wednesday fans to depart at the start of December, after a poor run of results which saw the Owls drop to 20th along with four straight home defeats. <mask> left Sheffield Wednesday on 13 December 2009 by mutual consent after a run of bad results. Sheffield Wednesday were relegated in 2010 after failing to win in their last game against Crystal Palace.In January 2010, <mask> was linked with a surprise return to his first club Burnley as manager, this following the departure of Owen Coyle to Bolton Wanderers. On 13 January, <mask> was appointed as the new manager of Burnley. They lost 15 of their remaining 18 Premier League games, plummeting from mid table in January to the relegation zone; their relegation being confirmed with two matches remaining. Despite this setback, the Burnley board of directors agreed that <mask> would be in charge of the team for the quest to regain top flight status in 2010–11. In summer 2010 he let a number of older players go and sold Steven Fletcher to Wolves. In pre-season he has had a successful start winning all games, bar one draw. <mask> made a number of signings during the summer transfer window, including Chris Iwelumo from Wolves and Ross Wallace from local rivals Preston North End.<mask> managed his 700th league game in a 4–0 win over Hull City. However, after a poor run of results that left Burnley 9th in the Championship, after the 2–0 loss to Scunthorpe United which saw Burnley fans calling for his dismissal, on 29 December 2010 it was announced that <mask> had been dismissed from the club. On 17 September 2012, <mask> was appointed Director of Football at Shamrock Rovers until the end of the 2012 League of Ireland season. On 29 October 2012, <mask> returned as manager of League One Scunthorpe United, following the dismissal of Alan Knill. In November 2013 he was dismissed by Scunthorpe following the side's FA Cup defeat by local rivals Grimsby Town. He currently provides analysis and co-commentary on Nottingham Forest matches for BBC Radio Nottingham and Sheffield Wednesday matches on BBC Radio Sheffield. <mask> has two children from his late first wife and a son with his second wife, Jane.in November 2016, <mask> revealed to Sheffield Live TV that he underwent double heart bypass surgery. Managerial statistics

Honours

As a player
Nottingham Forest
Football League Cup: 1988–89, 1989–90
Full Members Cup: 1988–89, 1991–92

As a manager
Scunthorpe United
Football League Third Division play-offs: 1998–99

Individual
Football League One Manager of the Month: April 2005, September 2006

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Wallsend
English footballers
Association football defenders
Wallsend Boys Club players
Burnley F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Darlington F.C.players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Premier League players
English football managers
Grimsby Town F.C. managers
Scunthorpe United F.C. managers
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. managers
Burnley F.C. managers
Shamrock Rovers F.C. managers
Premier League managers
English Football League managers
League of Ireland managers
FA Cup Final players

masks:
Brian Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Brian Clough
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Brian Clough
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Personal Laws
Laws


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<mask> (born 26 October 1989) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Kagawa Five Arrows of the Japanese B.League. He played college basketball for Oregon State University before beginning his professional career with the Sydney Kings in 2014. After two seasons with the Kings, he joined the Perth Wildcats, where he won two NBL championships in three years. He has also had stints in Lithuania, New Zealand and Italy. Early life
Born in Sydney, New South Wales, <mask> grew up in the Blue Mountains region. Living in his hometown of Springwood, he attended Blaxland High School in Blaxland, where he graduated from in 2007. In 2008, <mask> moved to the United States to attend Lake Forest Academy in Lake Forest, Illinois for a prep season in 2008–09.In his one-season playing for Lake Forest, he averaged 15 points and 10 rebounds per game for coach Matt Vaughn. College career
As a freshman at Oregon State in 2009–10, <mask> played sparingly for a Beavers team that finished the season with a 14–18 win/loss record. In 26 games (two starts), he averaged 1.1 points and 1.1 rebounds in 9.2 minutes per game. As a sophomore in 2010–11, <mask> earned first-team Pac-12 All-Academic honors, while also earning a bigger role on the team which led to higher production value. In 29 games (21 starts), he averaged 4.8 points and 2.5 rebounds in 16.0 minutes per game. As a junior in 2011–12, <mask> led the team in three-point field goal percentage with 49.2 percent (29-for-59), finished ninth in the Pac-12 in field goal percentage with 53.5 percent (122-for-228), and earned Pac-12 All-Academic Honorable Mention honors. In 36 games (35 starts), he averaged 9.1 points, 3.4 rebounds and 1.1 assists in 23.2 minutes per game.On 16 November 2012, <mask> suffered an isolated tear of the ACL in his right knee against Purdue that required surgery and forced him to miss the remainder of the 2012–13 season. He was later granted medical hardship by the Pac-12 Faculty Athletics Representative Committee and deemed eligible to play in 2013–14. In four games (all starts), he averaged 11.3 points, 8.5 rebounds, 1.8 assists, 1.0 steals and 1.3 blocks in 30.5 minutes per game. He was again named to the Pac-12 All-Academic Honorable Mention team. As a redshirted senior in 2013–14, <mask> finished 11th in the Pac-12 in field goal percentage with 51.1 percent (138-for-265), and earned second-team Pac-12 All-Academic honors. On 18 December 2013, he recorded a career-high 27 points against Towson. In 30 games (all starts), he averaged 12.6 points, 3.9 rebounds and 1.5 assists in 25.4 minutes per game.Professional career

Sydney Kings (2014–2016)
On 16 June 2014, <mask> signed a three-year deal with the Sydney Kings of the National Basketball League. The following month, he joined the Penrith Panthers of the Waratah League in preparation for the 2014–15 NBL season. With the Panthers, he played alongside his brother, Louis. In six games for the Panthers, he averaged 25.3 points and 10.2 rebounds per game. A knee injury suffered on New Year's Eve saw <mask> miss seven matches during his rookie season with the Kings. Despite this, he was named NBL Rookie of the Year for the 2014–15 season, averaging 7.4 points and four rebounds per game while shooting at nearly 50 per cent from the field over 21 games. He went on to play all 28 games for the Kings in 2015–16, averaging 8.1 points, 5.3 rebounds and 1.2 blocks per game.Lithuania (2016)
On 23 February 2016, <mask> signed with Neptūnas Klaipėda of Lithuania for the rest of the 2015–16 LKL season. He helped Neptūnas reach the LKL Finals, where they were defeated 4–1 in the best-of-seven series by Žalgiris. In 21 games, <mask> averaged 4.6 points and 3.8 rebounds per game. Perth Wildcats and Hawke's Bay Hawks (2016–2019)

On 12 May 2016, <mask> signed a two-year deal with the Perth Wildcats. His first season with the Wildcats saw him improve as the year went on, as he had a number of memorable performances as the Wildcats faced clutch games towards the end of the season. On 20 January 2017, <mask> played a season-high 30 minutes off the bench and had season-best figures of 17 points and 11 rebounds in an 84–78 overtime win over the Cairns Taipans. The Wildcats finished the regular season in third place with a 15–13 record, and went on to sweep the second-seeded Taipans in the semi-finals to make it through to the best-of-five NBL Grand Final series against the Illawarra Hawks.In game two of the series, <mask> stepped up to cover the loss of Matthew Knight, who suffered a head injury. <mask> recorded 15 points and 11 rebounds to help the Wildcats take a 2–0 lead in the series. The Wildcats took out the championship in game three with a 95–86 win, thus sweeping the series. <mask> had six points, seven rebounds and four assists in 20 minutes off the bench in game three. He appeared in all 33 games for the Wildcats in 2016–17, averaging 6.0 points, 2.9 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game. His development as the season went on saw him earn the Perth Wildcats Most Improved Player Award. On 17 July 2017, <mask> signed a two-year contract extension with the Wildcats.<mask> turned the hook shot into his trademark during the 2017–18 season. On 16 February 2018, in the Wildcats' second last game of the season, <mask> scored 24 points in a 97–85 loss to Melbourne United. The Wildcats finished the regular season in third place with a 16–12 record before going on to lose 2–0 to the Adelaide 36ers in the semi-finals. <mask> appeared in all 30 games for the Wildcats in 2017–18, averaging 9.8 points, 4.7 rebounds and 1.4 assists per game. Following the conclusion of the Wildcats' season, <mask> joined the Hawke's Bay Hawks for the 2018 New Zealand NBL season. On 4 May, in just his third game of the season, <mask> scored a season-high 23 points to go with 14 rebounds in a 90–87 win over the Taranaki Mountainairs. On 16 June, he recorded 22 points and a season-high 17 rebounds in a 93–84 win over the Super City Rangers.On 27 July, he had a second 17-rebound effort to go with 14 points against the Canterbury Rams. He helped the Hawks finish the regular season in fourth place with a 12–6 record. In their semi-final against the Wellington Saints, <mask> scored 16 points in a 99–73 loss. In 17 games, he averaged 15.2 points, 8.4 rebounds and 1.6 assists per game. He was subsequently named to the NZNBL All-Star Five. On 19 September 2018, <mask> was ruled out for three to six weeks with an ankle injury he suffered while playing for the Australian Boomers. He subsequently missed the NBL Blitz and NBA pre-season games.On 27 October 2018, <mask> recorded 14 points and 20 rebounds (12 of them offensive) in a 101–96 double-overtime win over Melbourne United, becoming the first Wildcat with 20+ rebounds in 12 years. On 10 February 2019, he recorded 19 points and nine rebounds in a 95–86 overtime win over the Sydney Kings. He helped the Wildcats win the minor premiership with a first-place finish and an 18–10 record, before going on to advance through to the NBL Grand Final series, where they defeated Melbourne 3–1, with <mask> becoming a two-time champion. In 31 games, he averaged 8.0 points, 5.5 rebounds and 1.3 assists per game. On 29 March 2019, <mask> parted ways with the Wildcats after opting to exercise the European out-clause in his contract. On 26 April 2019, <mask> returned to the Hawke's Bay Hawks, signing as a short-term injury replacement for Daniel Kickert. He appeared in two games for the Hawks.China (2019)
In June 2019, <mask> joined Wuhan Dangdai of the Chinese NBL. In 13 games, he averaged 20.3 points, 15.2 rebounds and 1.8 assists per game. Italy (2019–2020)
On 20 July 2019, <mask> signed with Italian team Pistoia Basket 2000. The 2019–20 LBA season was cancelled in February 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. In 19 games, he averaged 11.0 points, 7.9 rebounds and 1.5 assists per game. Japan (2020–present)
On 17 August 2020, <mask> signed with the Shiga Lakestars of the Japanese B.League. In 56 games, he averaged 11.9 points, 8.6 rebounds and 3.3 assists per game.On 25 June 2021, <mask> signed with the Kagawa Five Arrows, returning to the B.League for a second stint. National team career
In 2011, <mask> was part of the Australian University national team that played at the 26th World University Games in Shenzhen, China. In 2014, he was part of the Boomers team that played in the four-game Sino-Australia Challenge series. In June 2017, <mask> was named in a 20-man Boomers squad ahead of the 2017 FIBA Asia Cup. A month later, he was named in the final 12-man squad. On 24 October 2017, he was named in the 12-man Boomers squad to compete in the first two games of the FIBA World Cup Qualifiers in November. In February 2022, <mask> was named in a 17-man Australian Boomers squad ahead of the FIBA World Cup Qualifiers in Japan.Personal life
<mask> is the son of John and <mask>, and has two brothers, Seamus and Louis. Notes

References

External links

Kagawa Five Arrows player profile
Pistoia Basket 2000 player profile
Perth Wildcats player profile
Sydney Kings player profile
OSU Beavers player bio
"Building a Champion <mask>" at nbl.com.au
"Brandt Recognition" at nbl.com.au

1989 births
Living people
Australian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Australian expatriate basketball people in Japan
Australian expatriate basketball people in Lithuania
Australian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Australian men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Basketball players from Sydney
BC Neptūnas players
Centers (basketball)
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in basketball
Hawke's Bay Hawks players
Kagawa Five Arrows players
Lake Forest Academy alumni
Lega Basket Serie A players
Oregon State Beavers men's basketball players
Perth Wildcats players
Pistoia Basket 2000 players
Shiga Lakestars players
Sydney Kings players

masks:
Angus John Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Brandt
Lorraine Brandt
Brandt


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<mask>-Ansari  (, , died c. 674) — born Khalid bin Zayd bin Kulayb bin Thaalba () in Yathrib — hailed from the tribe of Banu Najjar, was a close companion (Arabic: الصحابه, sahaba) and the standard-bearer of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. <mask> was one of the Ansar (Arabic: الأنصار, meaning aiders, helpers or patrons) of the early Islamic history, those who supported Muhammad after the hijra (migration) to Medina in 622. The patronym <mask>b, means father (abu) of Ayyub. <mask> died of illness during the First Arab Siege of Constantinople. Biography
<mask> was born in Medina, Hejaz as Khalid bin Zayd to Najjar family of Banu Khazraj, <mask>b was the head of his family, he was one of the chosen elders in Medina who went to the valley of Aqaba and pledged allegiance to Islam at the hands of Muhammad, who named him <mask>i. After the migration, Muhammad united Muhajiruns and Ansars into the single allegiance, <mask>oth, son of Ishmael, through al-Azd, the parent tribe of Banu Najjar. Conversion to Islam
When Muhammad arrived in Medina, all of the inhabitants of the city offered to accommodate him.It is said that the camel was commanded by Allah so Prophet Muhammad let the camel decide to walk where it chose and to stay at whomsoever's house it stopped. The camel stopped at the house of <mask> al-Ansari, a member of the Banu Najjar, who were regarded as the best of the tribes of Medina. Though <mask> al-Ansari had prepared meals for only Muhammad and <mask>r, Muhammad directed that everyone in the neighborhood be invited to partake in the meal. To everyone's surprised delight, all of the approximately 180 people who came were able to eat to their satisfaction. This was deemed to be a miracle. Head in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
Waqif of Al-Masjid an-Nabawi:
The land of Al-Masjid an-Nabawi belonged to two young orphans, Sahal and Suhayl, and when they came to know that Muhammad wished to acquire their land for the purposes of erecting a mosque, they went to Muhammad and offered the land to him as gift; Muhammad insisted on fixing and paying a price for the land precisely because they were orphaned children. The ultimately agreed purchase price was paid by <mask> al-Ansari who thus became the واقِف (waqif, or creator of an endowment or mortmain; donor) of Al-Masjid an-Nabawi on behalf of, or in favor of, Muhammad.He was chosen as the Rashidun governor of Medina, specially in the caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Life in Egypt
Following the Muslim conquest of Egypt, <mask> moved to Fustat, where he lived in a house adjacent to the mosque of Amr bin Al'aas that had been completed in 642. Several other notable companions were his neighbors, including Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Ubaida, <mask>, Abdullah ibn Umar and Abdullah ibn Amr bin Al'aas. He also led a distinguished military career, regarding which it was said, "He did not stay away from any battle in which the Muslims engaged from the time of Muhammad to the time of Muawiyah I, unless he was at the same time, engaged in another battle being fought elsewhere." Last military campaign

In a hadith in Qital al-Rome, a chapter of Sahih Muslim, Muhammad prophesied that the first army to conquer Constantinople will enter Paradise. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari records a number of raids against the Byzantine Empire under the period A.H. 49 (9/2/669 - 28/1/670). Though <mask> was by then an old man, that did not deter him from enlisting.Shortly after engaging in battle, it is recorded that he fell ill and had to withdraw. The chief of army staff Yazid ibn Muawiya asked, "Do you need anything, <mask>?" To which <mask> replied, "Convey my salaams (Islamic greeting and farewell) to the Muslim armies and tell them, "<mask>b urges you to penetrate deep into enemy territory, as far as you can go; and that you should carry him with you, and that you should bury me under your feet at the walls of Constantinople." At this, he died. Yazid ordered the Muslim army to fulfill his request, and they pushed back the enemy's forces until they reached the walls of Constantinople where <mask> was finally interred. About this battle, Aslam ibn 'Imran narrates that when they were fighting the Byzantines, a Muslim soldier penetrated deep into enemy ranks. The people exclaimed, "Subhan Allah!He has contributed to his own destruction." <mask> al-Ansari stood up and answered, "O people! You give this interpretation to this verse, whereas it was revealed concerning us the Ansar. When Allah had actually given honor to Islam and its supporters had become many, some of us secretly said to one another, 'Our wealth has been depleted, and Allah has given honor to Islam and its supporters have become many, let us stay amidst our wealth and make up what has been depleted of it.' Thereupon, Allah revealed to Muhammad, 'And spend in the Path of God (فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ), and do not contribute to your own destruction / And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. '," refuting what we had said. So, destruction lay in staying with our wealth and repleting it and abandoning combat.Mosque and türbe

After the Conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, a tomb was constructed above <mask>'s grave and a mosque built in his honor by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. From that point on, the area now known as the locality of Eyüp has become sacred and many Ottoman officials requested burial in proximity of <mask>. His tomb was discovered by the Ottoman saint Akşemseddin. The tomb was rebuilt by Sultan Mahmud II in 1882, This mosque was the traditional site for the coronation ceremony of the Ottoman Sultans, where each new Sultan was girded with the Sword of Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, obeying the order of Sheikh Edebali, Osman I also went to the tomb of <mask> al-Ansari. Some hadith narrated by <mask>
<mask> al-Ansari is credited with narrating many sayings of Muhammad. Well-known examples of these include:

 The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "It is not permissible for a Muslim to shun his brother for more than three nights. When they meet, this one turns away (from that one) and that one turns away (from this one) and the best of them is the one who greets his brother first."<mask> al-Ansari narrates that on the night of Mi'raj, Muhammad passed by Ibrahim (Abraham). Ibrahim asked, "O Jibreel, who is with you?" Jibreel answered, "Muhammad." Ibrahim said to him, "Command your Ummah to plant trees of Paradise in abundance, as the soil of Paradise is fertile and its plain is spacious." It was asked, "Which are the trees of Paradise?" He replied, "La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah (Arabic لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله)." See also
 Dhikr
 Salaf
 Sunni view of the Sahaba

Notes

Bibliography

 Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, History v. 18 "Between Civil Wars: The Caliphate of Mu'awiyah," transl.Michael G. Morony, SUNY Press, Albany, 1987. Muhammad Ibn Sa'd, Kitab at-Tabaqat al-Kabir, np, nd. Prof. Philip K. Hitti, A History of the Arabs, Macmillan, London, 1951 rev.ed. Companions of the Prophet

674 deaths
7th-century Arabs
People from Medina
Najjarite people
Ansar (Islam)
Sunni Muslims
Medieval Arabs killed in battle
Muslim martyrs
Burials at Eyüp Cemetery
Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
Rashidun governors of Medina

masks:
Abu Ayyub al
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyu
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyu
Abu Ayyub al Ansar
Abu Ayyuai
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Bak
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Dhar
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyu
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub
Abu Ayyub