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<mask> (; 25 August 1921 – 25 September 1979) was an Italian judge and politician from Sicily notable for his anti-Mafia stance. From 1958 until 1971 <mask> was an examining magistrate at the Palermo prosecuting office. He was one of the first to seriously investigate the Mafia and the financial operations of Cosa Nostra. He was killed by the Mafia in 1979. <mask> can be considered the predecessor of the magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino who were also killed by the Mafia in 1992. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 25 August 1921, in Petralia Sottana, a small town located at about 70 km southeast of Palermo (Sicily). He entered the judiciary in 1946.In 1958 he became the head of the Examining Office at the Palermo Court. At the time the prosecution was separated in an examining phase (the so-called instruction phase) and a prosecuting phase. <mask> helped bring numerous Mafiosi to trial and subsequent imprisonment. He was a key figure in the Trial of the 114 which saw many prominent Mafiosi on trial for their role in the First Mafia War in the early 1960s that ended with the Ciaculli massacre on 30 June 1963. On 31 May 1965, he ordered the prosecution of 114 mafiosi. However, despite <mask>’s efforts, the sentence of the Trial of the 114 on 22 December 1968, by the Court of Catanzaro was a disappointment and many prominent mafiosi were acquitted. All but 10 of the 114 defendants were acquitted.Angelo La Barbera got 22 years and Tommaso Buscetta 14 years for two so-called “white deaths”  - the so-called lupara bianca which is used to refer to a mafia-style murder in which the victim's body is deliberately hidden. <mask> was the first to acknowledge the existence of a Sicilian Mafia Commission. He based himself on a confidential report of the Carabinieri of 28 May 1963, where a confidential informant revealed the existence of a commission composed of fifteen persons – six from Palermo city and the rest from towns in the province – "each with the rank of boss of either a group or a Mafia family." Judge <mask> did not believe that the existence of a commission meant that the Mafia was a tightly unified structure. <mask> also led investigations into the connections between the Mafia and politics. He looked into the exploits of the prominent Sicilian politician Salvatore Lima as mayor of Palermo and concluded that Lima was in league with a number of Mafiosi, including Angelo La Barbera. In an indictment in 1964, <mask> wrote: "it is clear that Angelo and Salvatore La Barbera (well-known bosses in the Palermo area) ... knew former mayor Salvatore Lima and maintained relations in such a way as to ask for favours.... The undeniable contacts of the La Barbera mafiosi with the one who was the first citizen of Palermo ... constitute a confirmation of ... the infiltration of the Mafia in several sectors of public life." However, nothing came of his enquiries or allegations. Prosecuting the Corleonesi
<mask> made little attempt to hide the fact that his ambition was to bring Luciano Leggio, the boss of the Corleone Mafia Family – known as the Corleonesi – to justice. In 1965 <mask> ordered the prosecution of over sixty Corleonesi, including Leggio (Trial Leggio + 63), for a series of murders in Corleone from 1958 to 1963. The most prominent victim had been the Mafia-boss of Corleone, Michele Navarra. However, the sentence of the Bari Court on 10 June 1969 resulted in acquittals for all the 64 defendants.The jury found Leggio guilty of stealing grain in 1948, for which he received a suspended sentence, but he was pronounced not guilty on all other accounts, including the murders of Placido Rizzotto and Navarra. The judges and prosecutors received anonymous letters threatening them with death. Salvatore Riina – Leggio's eventual successor – was acquitted in 1969 and remained at large until his capture in 1993. The Corleonesi were also indicted in the Trial of the 114 related to the First Mafia War that resulted in the Ciaculli Massacre, that was also prepared by <mask>. During an interrogation preparing the trial, Leggio refused to answer questions. When in response to one of them, Leggio replied that he could not even recall his own name or his parents, <mask> instructed the clerk: “Write that Leggio does not know whose son he is.” Leggio was infuriated with the implication that he was a bastard. The incident was the beginning of a deep hatred by Leggio for <mask>.“Leggio actually had foam on his lips; he would have killed me on the spot if he could,” <mask> told his wife. The prosecution appealed successfully against the Catanzaro verdict that had acquitted Leggio and had him tried in absentia in 1970. This time Leggio was found guilty, although he had left jail after the Catanzaro trial, given the time they had already spent in detention while awaiting trial, and it was not until 1974 that Leggio was finally captured again and taken into custody. Antimafia Commission
After the failure to fight the Mafia through the courts, <mask> changed strategy. In May 1972, he was elected as a representative in the Italian Parliament for the Independent Left under the auspices of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He became the secretary of the Antimafia Commission that was established in 1963 after the Ciaculli massacre. He was re-elected in 1976.<mask> together with PCI deputy Pio La Torre wrote the minority report of the Antimafia Commission that was published in 1976, which pointed to links between the Mafia and prominent politicians in particular of the Christian Democrat party (DC - Democrazia Cristiana). <mask> had urged his colleagues of the majority to take their responsibility. According to the minority report:
… it would be a grave error on the part of the Commission to accept the theory that the Mafia-political link has been eliminated. Even today the behaviour of the ruling DC group in the running of the City and the Provincional Councils offers the most favourable terrain for the perpetuation of the system of Mafia power. However, the reports and the documentation of the Antimafia Commission were essentially disregarded. <mask> would talk of “thirteen wasted years” of the Antimafia Commission, and did not seek re-election again. Death

After seven years in Rome, at the end of the legislature in June 1979, <mask> <mask> asked to be re-instated in the judiciary and was appointed as the chief examining magistrate at the Court in Palermo to take the fight against the Mafia to the courts again."Don't worry," he told his wife, "they don't dare touch judges, they won't touch me." However, on 25 September 1979, then aged fifty-eight, <mask> was shot to death in his car along with his driver, policeman Lenin Mancuso, who acted as his bodyguard. The combination of his investigative skills and his recent political connections in Rome would have made <mask> an even more formidable Mafia opponent than before. Taking <mask>’s place was Rocco Chinnici, who was murdered by the Mafia in 1983. While in prison Luciano Leggio had ordered the killing of <mask> as a revenge for the insult at the interrogation in the 1960s. The murder was approved by the Commission. <mask> had become the worst enemy of Leggio and the Corleonesi.He had a photograph of Leggio in his office that his colleagues had given him as a joke. Leggio was charged with ordering <mask>'s murder, but was acquitted for lack of evidence, both in the first trial, which was held in Reggio Calabria in 1983, and three years later, in 1986, in the appeal process. New Trial
In 1997, the prosecution office in Reggio Calabria re-opened the murder investigation after the pentiti Francesco Di Carlo and Gaspare Mutolo named the mafiosi Giuseppe Giacomo Gambino, Vincenzo Puccio, Giuseppe Madonia and Leoluca Bagarella as the material killers. Di Carlo confirmed that Leggio had ordered the killing of <mask>. In 1974, when the Sicilian Mafia Commission was reorganized, Leggio through Totò Riina (Leggio was in jail) asked the Commission gathered at Michele Greco’s estate Favarella for permission. The Commission decided, on instigation of Gaetano Badalamenti, that <mask> should be killed outside Sicily, in Rome. The killing was stalled because of plans to liberate Leggio.When that failed <mask>’s murder was on the agenda again and was confirmed in June 1979 during a Commission meeting at the Favarella estate. On 15 January 2000, Salvatore Riina, Bernardo Brusca, Bernardo Provenzano, Francesco Madonia, Pippo Calò, Nenè Geraci and Michele Greco (all members of the Sicilian Mafia Commission at the time of the murder) were convicted to life sentences for ordering the murder of <mask> and Mancuso (Leggio had died). However, Leoluca Bagarella, Giuseppe Madonia and Giuseppe Farinella were acquitted as the material killers. After 25 years, in October 2004, the Supreme Court confirmed the life sentences for Totò Riina, Michele Greco, Nenè Geraci and Francesco Madonia. Legacy
Despite the fact that his prosecutions of the Mafia in the 1960s eventually failed in Court, <mask> pioneered in investigating the Mafia. His verdict always included historical and theoretical aspects. He determined that there was "only one Mafia, neither old or young, neither good nor bad," but "efficient and dangerous, divided into clusters or groups or 'families,' or more accurate still, 'cosche.'"At the time, his analysis of the Mafia was modern and advanced. In the 1960s, however, it was not understood and accepted by the judiciary, which considered him too "bold" or worse, "imaginative". The revelations in 1984 of a pentito (informant) from the Mafia, Tommaso Buscetta, would prove him right. He paved the way for a more successful prosecution of the Mafia in the 1980s and was the predecessor of Antimafia judges as Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino that prepared the Maxi Trial that convicted 338 of the 475 Mafiosi members originally charged. <mask> <mask>’s widow Giovanna became a prominent personality in the Antimafia movement after her husband was murdered. She co-founded the first permanent civil Antimafia organisation, the Associazione donne siciliane per la lotta contro la Mafia (Association of Sicilian Women against the Mafia). Giovanna <mask> said in an interview: "I would have felt guilty if I had stayed at home.I would have thought: Cesare died for nothing. Yes, because being killed is terrible, but being forgotten is even worse. It’s like dying twice." On 11 January 1982, on the initiative of judge Rocco Chinnici, who had succeeded <mask> as the chief examining magistrate at the Court in Palermo and who also became a victim of a Mafia attack on 29 July 1983, a research center in the name of <mask> <mask>, the Centro Studi Giuridici e Sociali "Cesare Terranova", was set up in Palermo to honour his memory. Quotes
"The Mafia is oppression, arrogance, greed, self-enrichment, power and hegemony above and against all others. It is not an abstract concept, or a state of mind, or a literary term... It is a criminal organization regulated by unwritten but iron and inexorable rules...The myth of a courageous and generous 'man of honour' must be destroyed, because a mafioso is just the opposite." "It is necessary to dismantle the myth of the mafioso as a brave and generous “man of honour”, since the mafioso is characterised by a totally opposite character…the mafioso shoots to the shoulder, by treachery, when he is secure to have the total control upon the victim… He is ready to any compromise, to any renunciation and to the worst mean actions in order to save himself in a dangerous situation… the consciousness that nobody will denounce him, and that hidden and influential forces will rush to his help, gives the mafioso arrogance and boldness, at least until the right and severe application of the law will reach him." See also
List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia
Il Capo dei Capi

References

Allum, Felia and Renate Siebert (eds.) (2012). Organised Crime and the Challenge to Democracy, London: Routledge,
Follain, John (2008). The Last Godfathers: Inside the Mafia's Most Infamous Family, New York: Thomas Dunne Books,
Gambetta, Diego (1993).The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection, London: Harvard University Press,
Jamieson, Alison (1999). The Antimafia: Italy’s fight against organized crime, London: Palgrave Macmillan, .Schneider, Jane T. and Peter T. Schneider, (2003). Reversible Destiny: Mafia, Antimafia, and the Struggle for Palermo, Berkeley: University of California Press
Servadio, Gaia (1976). Mafioso. A history of the Mafia from its origins to the present day, London: Secker & Warburg
Shawcross, Tim and Martin Young (1987). Men Of Honour: The Confessions Of Tommaso Buscetta, Glasgow: Collins
Sterling, Claire (1990). Octopus. How the long reach of the Sicilian Mafia controls the global narcotics trade, New York: Simon & Schuster,
Stille, Alexander (1995), Excellent Cadavers.The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic, New York: Vintage

External links
 Centro Studi Giuridici e Sociali "Cesare Terranova"

1921 births
1979 deaths
People from Petralia Sottana
Deputies of Legislature VI of Italy
Deputies of Legislature VII of Italy
Antimafia
Judges murdered by the Corleonesi
Assassinated Sicilian politicians
People murdered in Italy
20th-century Italian judges

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Cesare Terranova
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<mask>na <mask> (; ; born 26 April 2006) is a Russian figure skater. She is the 2022 European champion, 2021 Rostelecom Cup champion, 2021 Skate Canada International champion, 2022 Russian national champion, and 2021 Russian National silver medalist. She is also a provisional 2022 Olympic champion in the team event pending the conclusion of a WADA investigation. During the 2022 Winter Olympics a sample that Valieva had submitted for a drug test in December tested positive for trimetazidine, which is banned in sports competition for increasing endurance. As of mid-February investigations were ongoing. Valieva is the current world record holder for the women's short program, free skating and total scores. She has set nine world records during her career.She is the first female skater to break the 250-, 260- and 270-point thresholds in the total score (all within one season), the first to break the 170- and 180-point thresholds in the free skate, and the first to break the 90-point threshold in the short program. She is the second woman to land the quadruple toe loop after training partner and teammate Alexandra Trusova, the fourth woman to land a quadruple jump of any kind, the 16th woman to land a triple Axel, and the third woman to land a triple Axel and quadruple jump in the same program after Alysa Liu and training partner and teammate Sofia Akateva. Valieva is also the first female skater to land a quadruple jump in Olympic competition. Personal life

Valieva was born on 26 April 2006 in Kazan, Russia. She is of Volga Tatar ethnicity. She has one pet dog, a Pomeranian named Lëva (Lyova), gifted to her in 2019 by fans. Valieva was enrolled in gymnastics, ballet, and figure skating classes at an early age by her mother but encouraged to focus solely on skating after turning five.She named Nathan Chen as one of the skaters whose technique and ability she admires. In an interview showcased at the ISU Skating Awards 2021, Valieva hopes to become a psychologist after retiring from figure skating. Along with her teammate  Alexandra Trusova, she prefers to use white Edea skating boots with silver blades in competition. Career

Early career
Valieva began skating in 2009 in RSDUSSHOR in Kazan. She was first coached by Ksenia Ivanova, followed by Marina Kudriavtseva and Igor Lyutikov, and Natalia Dubinskaya. When she turned six, she moved to Moscow to train at SSHOR Moskvich. In the spring of 2018, Valieva decided to switch skating clubs to Sambo-70, where Eteri Tutberidze decided to allow Valieva to join her group.In the 2018–19 season, prior to her international debut, recordings of <mask>'s short program, set to Spiegel im Spiegel by Arvo Pärt and inspired by Pablo Picasso's painting Girl on a Ball, received worldwide attention. Tutberidze described it as her favorite program of the year. The program also drew the notice of Picasso's granddaughter Diana Widmaier Picasso, who invited <mask> to visit her in Paris. Among other victories that season, she won the Russian Younger Age Championships ahead of training mates Sofia Akatieva and Sofia Samodelkina. It was later announced that Valieva would keep her short program for her international debut in the upcoming season. 2019–2020 season: Junior World champion

Valieva's international debut came in late August 2019 at a Junior Grand Prix competition in Courchevel, France. Ranked third in the short program and first in the free skate, she won the gold medal ahead of Wi Seo-yeong of South Korea and teammate and training partner Maiia Khromykh.At the competition, Valieva became the second female skater ever to land a quadruple toe loop in competition. Her total score at the event was the fourth highest score achieved by a ladies' single skater at the junior level, behind teammates Alexandra Trusova, Anna Shcherbakova, and Alena Kostornaia. Valieva also became the fourth junior lady to score above 200 points under the current GOE (Grade of Execution) system. One month later, at the 2020 JGP Russia, she placed first in both programs with personal best scores to take the title ahead of compatriots Ksenia Sinitsyna and Viktoria Vasilieva. She attempted two quadruple toe loops in the free skate for the first time, landing one. With two gold medals, she qualified in first place to the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final in Turin, Italy. Prior to the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final in December, a minor injury prevented Valieva from training the quadruple toe loop jump.She entered the final as a co-favorite for the title along with Alysa Liu of the United States. After placing fourth in the short program, Valieva delivered a clean free skate to take the title ahead of Liu, who dropped from first place in the short program after under-rotating a triple Axel and both of her quad Lutzes, and training mate Daria Usacheva. At 13 years old, Valieva was too young to enter the 2020 Russian Championships as a senior in December. In early February, Valieva instead competed at the 2020 Russian Junior Championships, which she won after placing first in both programs ahead of Akatieva and Usacheva. She once again included two quadruple toe loop jumps in her free skate, after recovering from her previous injury, stepping out on one and landing another in combination with a double toe loop. After the competition, she was named to the Russian team for the 2020 World Junior Championships along with teammates Usacheva, who placed third, and Khromykh, who placed fifth; silver medalist Akatieva and fourth-place finisher Sofia Samodelkina were too young to be eligible. The 2020 World Junior Championships were again seen by many as a showdown between Valieva and Liu, who had recently defended her title at the senior-level 2020 U.S. Championships.Valieva placed first in the short program ahead of Lee Hae-in of South Korea and Usacheva, setting a new personal best. Her score of 74.92 points was the second highest short program score ever for a junior lady, only behind Kostornaia's short program at the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final. In the free skate, she performed similarly to the Russian Junior Championships, stepping out on her opening quadruple toe loop and landing all other jumps cleanly, including a second quadruple toe loop in combination. She won the title and became the new Junior World Champion, ahead of Usacheva and Liu. Valieva remarked afterward that "there was a little mistake on the toe loop, but basically I am pleased with my performance." 2020–2021 season

Valieva skated at the 2020 Russian test skates in Moscow, showcasing her new programs for the 2020–21 season. She executed a quad toe combination in her free skate.She competed at the second stage of the Russian Cup. There, she skated cleanly, placing first in the short program but third in the free skate due to several unexpected mistakes. She won the silver medal. She later competed at the fifth stage of the Russian Cup. There, she placed first in the short program, with one step out on a triple Axel attempt. In the free skate, she also placed first, completing two quadruple toe loops (one in combination) and with only one mistake on a triple Lutz. She placed first, winning the gold medal with one of the highest total scores in Russian domestic competition.Making her senior Russian Championships debut, <mask> placed second in the short program despite falling on her triple Axel. She also placed second in the free skate with two clean quads landed, and, despite an underrotated triple flip, won the silver medal. Following the national championships, <mask> participated in the 2021 Channel One Trophy, a televised team competition organized in lieu of the cancelled European Championships. Selected to the Red Machine team by captain Alina Zagitova, Valieva won both the short program and free skates, helping her team win the trophy. At her final event of the season, <mask> participated in the senior Russian Cup Final, winning the short program by a wide margin. In the free skate, she attempted a quadruple Salchow in competition for the first time but fell and made additional errors on both quad toe loop attempts. As a result, she finished third in the segment; however, the strength of her short program score allowed her to win the overall event by 2.04 points over teammate Maiia Khromykh.2021–2022 season: Beijing Olympics
<mask> made her international senior debut at the 2021 CS Finlandia Trophy. She placed third in the short program after falling on her triple Axel attempt. In her free skate, she landed three quad jumps, recording a world record score of 174.31 points, also setting a new world record for total points (249.24). Making her senior Grand Prix debut at the 2021 Skate Canada International, <mask> won the short program with a new personal best score of 84.19, 2.95 points ahead of Elizaveta Tuktamysheva in second place. In the free skate, she skated a clean program with three quads and only one minor mistake in her triple Axel. Once again, she set a new world record for the women's free skate (180.89) and total score (265.08). <mask>'s second assignment of the season was the 2021 Rostelecom Cup, held this year at Sochi's Iceberg Skating Palace, the host venue for skating events at the 2014 Winter Olympics, instead of in Moscow as usual.In the short program, she scored 87.42 points, breaking Alena Kostornaia's previous world record of 85.45. She went on to raise the world records in the free skate (185.29) and total score (272.71). Her score was higher than that of the men's event winner, fellow Sambo-70 skater Morisi Kvitelashvili of Georgia, despite men's Program Component Score (PCS) being scaled 20% points higher. Valieva's results qualified her to the Grand Prix Final, which was subsequently cancelled due to travel and gathering restrictions prompted by the spread of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. On 24 December, Valieva placed first in the short program at the 2022 Russian Championships, nearly 10 points ahead of Shcherbakova in second place. She scored 193.10 for her free skate, with a gold medal-winning score of 283.48 points, nearly 35 points ahead of silver medalist Alexandra Trusova. She remarked afterward, "I did almost my maximum."As national champion, she was guaranteed a berth on the Russian Olympic team. <mask> made her European Championships debut in January 2022 in Tallinn, Estonia. She finished first in the short program with a clean skate and extended her world record score by over three points to become the first woman to break the 90-point barrier. In the free skate, <mask> fell on her triple Axel attempt for the second time in competition this season, but skated the rest of her program cleanly to narrowly win the segment over teammates Shcherbakova and Trusova and take the European title. On 20 January, she was officially named to the Russian Olympic team. Selected as the Russian entry in the women's segments of the Olympic team event, Valieva began the 2022 Winter Olympics with a first-place finish in the

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 short program with a clean triple Axel, scoring near her own world record. Valieva placed four ordinals above American skater Karen Chen, moving the Russian team into first place in the competition at the end of the short program segments.She was chosen for the women's free skate in the team event as well, winning the segment with a program that included two clean quadruple jumps (Salchow and toe loop) and a triple Axel, albeit with a fall on a second quadruple toe loop attempt. Her score was over 30 point clear of second-place finisher Kaori Sakamoto of Japan. Valieva became the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games. The ROC team won the team event, but the medal ceremony was postponed pending official investigation of filed allegations concerning possible doping, though Valieva was given permission to compete while the investigation is still in progress. During the short program in the women's singles event at the Winter Olympics on 15 February, Valieva placed first ahead of Russian compatriot Shcherbakova in spite of faltering during a triple Axel though not falling. During the free skate on 17 February, she stumbled or fell at least four times as she skated to Boléro. She wept as she left the ice and did not earn a place in the top three, finishing in fourth place, behind her compatriots Shcherbakova and Trusova, who came first and second, and bronze medalist Sakamoto.All three ROC skaters landed quads in their routines, the only women at the Olympics to do so. In early March 2022, the IOC and ISU banned all figure skaters and officials from Russia and Belarus from attending the World Championships due to the ongoing Ukraine conflict therefore not allowing Valieva to participate in the competition in France at the end of March. Official probe into allegations of doping and misconduct
Ostensibly, a matter of allegations concerning misconduct by Valieva began on 25 December 2021, when Valieva submitted a routine urine sample for analysis following her win at the Russian Nationals on 24 December. The normal 20-day testing time for the sample lapsed, apparently due to COVID-19 related backlogs at the testing laboratory; however, the positive doping test results were eventually forwarded for evaluation in February 2022, after the Beijing Olympics had started and the team event had concluded. The medal ceremony for the team event, in which the ROC won gold, was originally scheduled for 8 February, but was delayed over what International Olympic Committee (IOC) spokesperson Mark Adams described as a situation that required "legal consultation" with the International Skating Union (ISU). Several media outlets reported on 9 February that the issue was a positive test by Valieva for the banned substance trimetazidine, which was officially confirmed on 11 February. The sample in question was taken by the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) at the 2022 Russian Figure Skating Championships on 25 December 2021.On 8 February 2022, the urine sample tested positive for traces of trimetazidine. The sample was analyzed at the Doping Control Laboratory at Stockholm's Karolinska University Hospital, a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited lab. The test result came one day after the team event concluded. Valieva was given a provisional suspension after her positive result, but was cleared on appeal by RUSADA's independent Disciplinary Anti-Doping Committee (DAC) on 9 February, just a day later. Due to Valieva being a minor at the time and thus classified as a "protected person" under WADA guidelines, RUSADA and the IOC announced on 12 February that they would broaden the scope of their respective investigations to include members of her entourage, such as coaches and team doctors. Following formal appeals lodged by the IOC, the ISU, and WADA to review RUSADA DAC's decision, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) heard the case on 13 February, ahead of her scheduled appearance in the women's singles event beginning 15 February. On 13 February, Valieva's mother testified at the CAS hearing that Valieva took hypoxen for heart "variations".According to an IOC representative, Valieva herself argued at the hearing that the positive test result was "due to contamination with [her] grandad's medicine". On 14 February, the CAS declined to reinstate Valieva's provisional suspension and ruled that she would be allowed to compete in the women’s singles event. The CAS decided that preventing her from competing "would cause her irreparable harm in the circumstances", while noting that any medals won by Valieva at the Beijing Olympics would be withheld pending the results of the continuing investigation into her doping violation. The accommodating decision from the court, subject to further and ongoing investigation, was made on three grounds: due to her age, she was a "protected person" per WADA code, subject to different rules than adult athletes; she "did not test positive during the Olympic Games in Beijing"; and "There were serious issues of untimely notification of the results ... which impinged upon the Athlete’s ability to establish certain legal requirements for her benefit". The IOC announced that the medal ceremony for the team event would not take place until the investigation concluded and there is a concrete decision whether to strip Valieva and the ROC of their medals. On 15 February, after placing first in the women's short program, Valieva was reported by The New York Times to have also tested positive for two other drugs that are not banned from competition, hypoxen and L-carnitine, from her 25 December urine sample. The combination of these drugs with trimetazidine was described as a "trifecta of substances" which "seem to be aimed at increasing endurance, reducing fatigue and promoting greater efficiency in using oxygen" by Travis Tygart, chief executive of the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA).At the time of the doping test, Valieva had declared taking hypoxen and L-carnitine, both of which are used in Russia supposedly to treat heart conditions or enhance athletic performance. According to The New York Times, neither agent is backed by scientific evidence of efficacy in improving cardiovascular function in athletes. To allow for the possibility that <mask>'s results may be disqualified following investigation, the IOC asked the ISU to expand the qualifying field for the women's singles free skating by one to 25, contingent upon Valieva being one of the top 24 skaters after the short program. In a press conference the day after the free skate, IOC president Thomas Bach said he was "very, very disturbed" by the "chilling atmosphere" surrounding Valieva during the free skate as coach Eteri Tutberidze berated her following a mistake-filled performance that dropped her off the podium. Bach also insinuated that her coaches likely played a role in her positive test. The Kremlin responded that "harshness of a coach in high-level sport is key for their athletes to achieve victories" and that Tutberidze's athletes were seeing strong results. IOC President Bach later added that, "doping is very rarely done alone with the athletes" and that the "ones who have administered this drug in her body, these are the ones who are guilty."WADA also filed an interim brief indicating that Valieva's acknowledgement of taking the two permitted substances, Hypoxen and L-carnitine, could be read as undercutting her testimony that the  banned substance, trimetazidine, was ingested by error. Although the US team and the Japanese team have announced their choices for competing at the ISU World Championships in France in March, the Figure Skating Federation of Russia has not yet indicated their choices of three women to send to France  for which Valieva remains eligible to compete  unless a negative outcome for doping is filed against her before the ISU World Championships. Skating technique
On 23 August 2019, at the junior level of the Grand Prix in France, Valieva performed a quadruple toe loop with a positive "GOE", which made her the second woman to perform this jump in the history of figure skating (after Alexandra Trusova) at competitions under the auspices of the International Skating Union. On 18 October 2020, a video appeared on the Internet where she performed a triple Axel with complication in training with two hands up. On 5 December 2020, she cleanly performed the triple Axel in the short program at the stage of the Russian Cup in Moscow. On 12 February 2021, a video appeared on the Internet where Valieva performed a quadruple Salchow in training with two hands up. In 2022, Valieva became the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games, with former German figure skater and two-time Olympic champion Katarina Witt calling her "a child prodigy, whose highly difficult performances and grace enchanted the whole world at only 15."Awards

In February 2022, she received the Order of Friendship. Programs

World records and achievements

 Became only the second woman to land a quad toe loop at the 2019 JGP France. Became the first woman ever to surpass 90 in the short program, 170 and 180 point barrier in the free skate as well as 250, 260 and 270 point barrier in total. Set the junior record for the highest free skate score and total score at the 2020 Junior World Championships, surpassing the previous records in both categories set by her former training mate Alexandra Trusova. Her record scores were later surpassed by teammate Sofia Akateva in 2021. Set the new senior record for the highest valued triple Axel when she earned 11.54 points at the 2022 European Championships
 Became the first European woman to land a triple Axel, and the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games during the team event, held from 4–7 February 2022. Senior world record scores
Valieva has set eight world record scores.Junior world record scores

<mask> has set two junior world record scores under the +5 / -5 GOE (Grade of Execution) system. Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

Detailed results

Senior level

Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. Personal bests are italicized. Current world record scores are bold and italicized. Previous world records highlighted in bold. Junior level

Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. Previous junior world record scores highlighted in bold.References

External links

! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;" |World Record Holders

! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;" |World Junior Record Holders

2006 births
Living people
Tatar sportspeople
Russian female single skaters
Sportspeople from Kazan
Figure skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of Russia
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in figure skating
Olympic gold medalists for the Russian Olympic Committee athletes
Volga Tatar people
World Junior Figure Skating Championships

masks: Valieva Valieva


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<mask>,  (1 February 1917 – 30 May 1989) was one of the top scoring Royal Air Force fighter pilots of the Second World War and was the second-highest scoring RAF fighter pilot of the Battle of Britain, behind Pilot Officer Eric Lock of No. 41 Squadron RAF. <mask> was credited with 28 enemy aircraft destroyed, five probables and nine damaged. Early life
<mask> left King James Grammar School, Knaresborough in 1933 continuing his education at Leeds Technical College. He spent four years as an apprentice pharmacist. RAF career
<mask> joined the RAFVR (Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve) in January 1937 as a trainee pilot at Perth, Scotland. In 1938, he then took an instructor's course, becoming an instructor at the Yorkshire Flying School, accumulating 1,000 hours of flight time before the war.Called up at the outbreak of war, he joined No. 501 Squadron RAF. Second World War

Battle of France
On 10 May 1940, the Squadron moved to Bétheniville in France where <mask> experienced his first combat. On the afternoon of 13 May over Sedan, he destroyed a Heinkel He 111 of KG 53 and an escorting Messerschmitt Bf 109 on one sortie, followed by a Messerschmitt Bf 110 later in the afternoon. He claimed two more He 111s on 27 May, before the squadron was withdrawn to England on 19 June, having claimed nearly 60 victories. On 9 June, his aircraft was damaged in combat and he crash landed and almost drowned in a swamp. During his operational duties in France, he was awarded the French Croix de guerre.Battle of Britain
Flying throughout the Battle of Britain with No. 501 based at RAF Gravesend or RAF Croydon, <mask> became one of the highest scoring pilots of the battle. His first kill of the battle was on 20 July 1940, when he shot down a Bf 109E of Jagdgeschwader 27. He then claimed a destroyed Ju 87 and a "probable" Ju 87 on 12 August, a damaged Bf 110 and a damaged Do 17 on 15 August and a probable Bf 109 on 16 August. He destroyed a Ju 88 and damaged a Dornier Do 17 on 24 August and shot down a Bf 109 of Jagdgeschwader 3 on 29 August. He had bailed out unharmed after being hit by return fire from a Heinkel He 111 on 13 August. On 23 August 1940, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal after the destruction of 6 enemy aircraft.On 30 August 1940, during combat over the Thames Estuary, <mask> shot down a He 111 and damaged a Bf 110 before his Hurricane was badly hit from enemy fire. His engine stopped and he decided to glide the stricken aircraft back to the airfield at Gravesend instead of bailing out into the Estuary. A highly successful August was completed when he destroyed a Bf 109 on 31 August. On 2 September 1940, <mask> shot down two Bf 109s and damaged a Do 17. He then shot down another two Bf 109s on 5 September. During a heavy raid on 13 September, he engaged a formation of Kampfgeschwader 55 He 111s over London where he shot down one of the bombers that had just bombed Buckingham Palace. As he could not find his airfield in the worsening visibility, he then bailed out of his aircraft, sustaining slight injuries.Returning to the action shortly thereafter, he shot down an He 111 and three Bf 109s, and damaged another on 15 September 1940, one of the heaviest days of fighting during the whole battle, which later became known as "Battle of Britain Day". During the battle he attacked a formation of 12 Bf 109s, shooting down two before the others had noticed, before escaping into cloud

Two days later on 17 September, he was shot down over Ashford, Kent during a dogfight with Bf 109s and bailed out without injury. On 27 September, he destroyed a Bf 109 and damaged a Junkers Ju 88 on 30 September. During October he claimed a probable Bf 109 on 7 October, shot down a Bf 109 on 12 October, another on 26 October and on 30 October he destroyed a Bf 109 before damaging another. During the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain, <mask> had been shot down or forced to land due to combat no less than nine times. On 26 November 1940, with 23 claims (18 made during the Battle of Britain) <mask> received a Bar to his Distinguished Flying Medal for his continued outstanding courage and bravery during the Battle of Britain. The citation in the London Gazette read:

After 1940

<mask>'s final award for outstanding service during 1940 was a Mention in Despatches announced on 1 January 1941.<mask> was commissioned a pilot officer (on probation) on 25 January 1941 (seniority from 15 January) and promoted to acting flight lieutenant in June. On 10 July 1941, as "A" flight commander, he shot down a Bf 109 and damaged another a few days later on 14 July. On 17 July, he claimed a Heinkel He 59 seaplane shot down and on 24 July, two Bf 109s (by causing them to collide). He was posted away from combat operations during August 1941, serving as a flight instructor with No. 57 Operational Training Unit. He was promoted to war substantive flying officer on 22 September. During March 1942, <mask> joined No.602 Squadron, based at Kenley flying the Spitfire Mk V and by 24 March had claimed a Fw 190 as damaged. He damaged another Fw 190 on 25 April 1942 before a posting to No. 81 Group as a tactics officer. Promoted to war substantive flight lieutenant on 27 August, in November he was posted as Chief Instructor at the No. 1 Special Attack Instructors School, Milfield. In March 1943, <mask> was posted to No. 20 Squadron, Kaylan in India before joining 1572 Gunnery Flight in July of the same year to convert from Blenheims to Hurricanes and then to Republic P-47 Thunderbolts.He stayed in India, being posted to command No. 155 Squadron flying the Spitfire VIII in November 1944 and then as commanding officer of No. 17 Squadron later that month. While based in India, <mask> claimed his last aircraft on 19 February 1945, shooting down a Japanese Army Air Force Nakajima Ki 43 "Oscar" with only nine 20mm cannon rounds. <mask> was one of the few RAF pilots on operational duties on both the opening and closing day of the war. His final tally was 28 confirmed, four probables and nine damaged. Postwar
After the war was over, <mask> went to Japan with No.17 Squadron, becoming the first Spitfire pilot to fly over Japan on 30 April 1946. He returned to the UK in May 1946. He received a permanent commission in the rank of flight lieutenant on 8 December 1948 (seniority from 1 September 1945), and retired from the RAF on 5 March 1967 as a flight lieutenant; he retained the rank of squadron leader. Later life and legacy

After retirement, <mask> ran an air freight business and instructed at a flight school near Bridlington. He was an adviser to director Guy Hamilton on the set of his 1969 film Battle of Britain. Said Hamilton in an interview 30 years later "I entrusted <mask> to be my main adviser. He really was a good chap, totally invaluable."<mask> died on 30 May 1989 at the age of 72. In September 2001, a plaque was unveiled at Priory Church, Bridlington, Yorkshire in memory of the fighter pilot and ace. There is also a plaque at the location of the house <mask> grew up in, on the old site of Nidd Vale Motors, Sandbeck Lane, Wetherby. As a celebrated former pupil of King James’ School, an image of <mask> is displayed on one of the Knaresborough Town Windows, a series of trompe-l%27œil images managed by Renaissance Knaresborough. In 2016, Beverley/Linley Hill Airfield named their new flight training centre after <mask>, and on 23 July 2017, a blue plaque was unveiled on the site of the house where he was born. References

Citations

Bibliography

 Bickers, Richard Townshend. <mask>: Fighter Pilot.London: Hale Ltd., 1962. .
 Bishop, Edward, ed. The Daily Telegraph Book of Airmen's Obituaries. London: Grub Street, 2002. .

 Shores, Christopher and Clive Williams. Aces High. London: Grub Street, 1994. .

1917 births
1989 deaths
Royal Air Force squadron leaders
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
British World War II flying aces
People from Wetherby
People from the East Riding of Yorkshire
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Medal
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
The Few
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II

masks:
James Harry Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Ginger Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Ginger Lacey


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<mask> (October 14, 1916 in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil ‒ March 14, 1979 in Washington, DC) was a Brazilian architect and architectural historian, also recognized as one of the pioneers of Brazilian modernist architecture in the state of Minas Gerais. His many studies, articles, and other scholarly works, some of them translated into other languages, spanned a range of topics that included the Baroque period in Minas, formation of the first settlements in the region, and modern architecture. He was also a long-time columnist and contributor to the Belo Horizonte newspaper, O Estado de Minas. The son of a traditional Minas Gerais family, <mask> was the fifth of seven children born to historian <mask> (1877–1965) and <mask> (1886–1972), a musician. His forebears included <mask> (1758–1815), <mask> (1795–1850), and <mask> (1843–1927). Academic and institutional career
<mask> was District III Director of Brazil's Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage from 1939 until 1969 and Chair Professor of Brazilian Architecture and Dean of the School of Architecture at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte. Among other positions, he was also President of the Minas Gerais Section of the Brazilian Institute of Architects, member of the  council and curatorship of the São Paulo Museum of Art, member and Director of the Minas Gerais Association of Writers, and Director of the Brazil-U.S.Cultural Institute (ICBEU) in Belo Horizonte. After gambling was outlawed in Brazil in 1946, <mask> conceived the idea and oversaw conversion of the Casino designed by Oscar Niemeyer at the Pampulha Modern Ensemble in Belo Horizonte into the Pampulha Museum of Art.. The undertaking began in 1952 and culminated in its inauguration in 1957. He also served as the Museum's first Director. His publications include numerous studies on architecture, with special emphasis on colonial architecture in Brazil and Minas Gerais in particular. He is especially known for the following contributions: Vila Rica: formação e desenvolvimento (an exhaustive study of development of the colonial city of Ouro Preto, based on his thesis defended in 1951 for one of four national chair professorships in Brazilian Architecture); Arquitetura no Brasil: Sistemas Construtivos (1958); Mineiridade: Ensaio de Caracterização [Mineiridade: An Essay on the Culture of Minas Gerais] (1968), for which he was awarded the First Prize for a Scholarly Work on Minas Gerais in 1969; and Vida e obra de Antônio Francisco Lisboa, O Aleijadinho, a study of the colonial sculptor often referred to as “the Little Cripple” in which he offered new context, extensive analysis, and a comprehensive catalog of the subject's work. In 1959, <mask> established the Advisory Nucleus for Research in Architecture and Urban Planning at the UFMG School of Architecture.More than 70 books were published under this program until it was closed down by the military government in 1964. He was elected Dean of the School of Architecture, UFMG, in 1963, but forcibly removed from the position at the start of the 1964 military coup in Brazil. However, his career did not end there. In 1965, he embarked on a self-imposed exile, during which he continued to make professional and scholarly contributions. In France, <mask> worked on planning the industrial city of Dreux as part of a program for the decentralization of Paris. In Portugal, he pursued research as a fellow at the Gulbenkian Foundation. In Santiago, Chile, he headed the Urban Unit at the Latin American Center for Economic and Development (DESAL) and also taught architectural composition and theory at the University of Chile, Returning to Brazil in 1968, he taught theory of architecture at the University of Brasília and then briefly resumed his activities with IPHAN and the UFMG School of Architecture until the military government ordered his retirement in December 1969

In 1970, he won a Guggenheim Fellowship, which allowed him to carry on his research in a country of his choice.At the end of 1970, he started working for the Organization of American States (OAS) in its Division of Urban Development. During 1971–1973, he was the Division's Regional Director for Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, headquartered in Mexico City. Following his tenure in Mexico, he became a staff specialist in the Division at OAS headquarters in Washington, D.C. His last assignment with the Organization ended in 1977. Throughout his post-Brazil years, <mask> continued to publish scholarly articles, wrote hundreds of articles for the Estado de Minas, won a grant from the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities to translate and annotate a collection of colonial documents on the settlement of Minas Gerais in the seventeenth century, and authored his exhaustive analysis of the work of Antônio Francisco Lisboa. Architectural projects

<mask> designed a number of modernist buildings in the city of Belo Horizonte, including the Mape Building, a condominium project on Praça da Liberdade; the headquarters of ICBEU; the chapel of the Izabela Hendrix Methodist Institute on Rua da Bahia; and the UFMG Student Union building, now an art film theater, on Rua Guajajaras. He also designed dozens of private residences, mainly in the Cidade Jardim and Serra neighborhoods. Some of these homes have been designated cultural heritage sites by the Belo Horizonte City Government.Imprisonment, legal charges, and exile

<mask> was taken prisoner with no formal charges on March 31, 1964, on the eve of the military takeover, and removed from his position as Dean of the School of Architecture. The charges against him were not published until May 4, and he was not informed of them until after he was released from prison, thanks to intervention of his many supporters, in July of that year.. Among the accusations, he was charged with such allegedly subversive acts as fomenting revolution on the campus, spreading communist propaganda, encouraging students to proselytize in the slums, allowing them to sing communist songs, and arranging for their travel to an architectural conference in Cuba. In all, Sylvio was confronted with three different sets of charges. He was also claimed to have been elected Secretary-General of a communist organization and of having presided over a meeting of the Red Student Federation. In addition, he was accused of placing his official car at the disposal of Luis Carlos Prestes in 1945 for the purpose of contacting communist cells, in addition to aiding communists by (...) contracting the services of the Spanish communist José Maria Sieiro Barreiro. Sylvio denied all these charges.In particular, he stated that he was not responsible for the improper use of vehicles when they were not in service and had never had any contact with Luis Carlos Prestes, suggesting that the 1945 allegations referred to another person by the same name

Faced with the futility of trying to defend himself and the threat of being imprisoned again, <mask> felt that he was forced to leave Brazil. His 14 years of exile began in May 1965, when he traveled to France. After six months in Paris, he moved on to Lisbon, Portugal, for a number of months and then briefly returned to Brazil in 1966. However, soon after his arrival, circumstances almost immediately obliged him to leave the country again. After 18 months in Chile, having been assured that he was protected under a writ of habeas corpus and could resume his activities with IPHAN and the UFMG School of Architecture, he returned to Brazil once more in 1968. But not for long. In December of that year, the military government issued its most punitive decree, Institutional Act No.5. This order suspended habeas corpus for crimes of political motivation and imposed a series of additional restrictive measures, leaving <mask> more vulnerable than ever. In December 1969, he was forcibly “retired” from his academic position. On March 31, 1970, he left Brazil for the last time. After his assignment with the OAS in Mexico in 1971–1972, he settled in Washington, D.C., where he remained until his death. Brasil Borges)
2004 – Arquitetura, Arte e Cidade [Architecture, Art, and City] (ed. Celina Borges Lemos)

Publications about his life and Work

2008 – Borges Brasileiro, Vanessa.<mask> <mask>ncellos: um arquiteto para além da forma [<mask> <mask>ncellos: an architect beyond form]
2020 – Vasconcellos, Muriel. Sylvio & me: An encounter in exile / Sylvio e eu: um encontro no exílio
2020 – Vasconcellos, <mask> <mask>. As memórias de Sylvio <mask>ncellos, 1936–1957. [Translation: Memoir of <mask> <mask>, 1936–1957] (in press, Editora UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil)

References

Brazilian architects

1916 births
1979 deaths

masks:
Sylvio Carvalho de Vasconcellos
Sylvio
Salomão de Vasconcellos
Branca Teresa Carvalho de Vasconcellos
Diogo Pereira Ribeiro de Vasconcellos
Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcellos
Diogo de Vasconcellos
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
de Vasco
Sylvio
de Vasco
Sylvio
de
de Vasco
Sylvio
de Vascos


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<mask> (born July 28, 1986) is a Turkish professional basketball player for Pınar Karşıyaka of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). Standing at , he plays at the center position. Professional career

Early years
<mask> played with Darüşşafaka in the Turkish Basketball League in 2003-04 season, appeared in one game in which he recorded one point and two rebounds. He spent the majority of the season playing with the Darüşşafaka junior team. Next season, <mask> played with Partizan Belgrade in the Adriatic League and averaged 4.6 points and 3.2 rebounds. He scored in double figures twice, tallying a high of 17 points against KK Hemofarm. He contributed 3.0 points and 2.3 rebounds per game in 12.5 minutes a contest in the EuroLeague.His highest scoring game of 10 points occurred against Efes Pilsen. In 2004–05, he also appeared in seven Yugoslav Basketball League games, averaging 1.7 points and 0.7 rebounds in 4.4 minutes a contest. Fenerbahçe
In 2005, he signed with Fenerbahçe of the Turkish Basketball League. <mask> averaged 6.5 points and 5.4 rebounds in 18.4 minutes a contest. He had a high of 14 points at Fenerbahçe and scored in double figures seven times. He also contributed 3.4 points and 2.2 rebounds in 9.1 minutes a contest in nine Euroleague games. In his second season with Fenerbahçe, <mask> played 16.1 minutes a game, averaged 6.4 points and 3.8 rebounds in Turkish League play, registering a high of 10 points against Galatasaray Café Crown.In the Euroleague, Semih added 4.5 points and 3.1 rebounds in 13.8 minutes per match. In third season <mask> averaged 7.1 points and 4.7 rebounds in 19.5 minutes a game in Turkish League play, scoring in double figures six times with a high of 15 points against CASA TED Kolejliler. During the season though, he missed a number of games due to a knee injury. In the Euroleague, he added 6.7 points and 4.3 rebounds in 19.3 minutes a contest, scored in double figures three times and posting high of 15 points against Panathinaikos Athens. NBA
<mask> was selected by the Boston Celtics with the 60th pick in the 2008 NBA draft. <mask> was still under a one-year contract with Fenerbahçe and did not join the roster in 2008–09. He was seen by Celtics general manager Danny Ainge as their first-round pick in 2009.On July 5, 2010, Celtics signed <mask> to a one-year minimum contract with a team option for 2011–12. With Boston centers Shaquille O'Neal, Kendrick Perkins and Jermaine O'Neal out with injuries, <mask> earned his first career start on December 9, 2010 against the Philadelphia 76ers. He scored 8 points in 18 minutes in a 102–101 victory. Two nights later, <mask> started for the second time in a 93–62 victory over the Charlotte Bobcats. In that game Erden played a game-high 41 minutes recording 10 points, 7 rebounds, 4 blocked shots and a plus/minus rating of +34. On February 24, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers along with teammate Luke Harangody in exchange for a second-round draft pick. On June 30, 2012, the Cavaliers extended a qualifying offer to Erden, thus making him a restricted free agent.Return to Europe
On September 21, 2011, <mask> signed with the Turkish club Beşiktaş until the end of the 2011 NBA lockout. He played alongside New Jersey Nets All-Star Deron Williams. On November 22, 2011, <mask> suffered a broken finger in a Eurochallenge game. On July 3, 2012, he signed a two-year contract with Anadolu Efes. On May 26, 2014, he parted ways with Efes. On August 1, 2014, he returned to Fenerbahçe signing a one-year deal. In 2014–15 season, Fenerbahçe advanced to the Euroleague Final Four for the first time in team's history.On May 15, 2015, however, they lost in the semifinal game to Real Madrid with 87–96. In August 2015, <mask> signed a one-year deal with his former club Darüşşafaka. On August 26, 2016, he re-signed with Darüşşafaka. On February 6, 2017, he was waived by Darüşşafaka. On October 6, 2017, <mask> signed a temporary contract with ABEL team Hacettepe Üniversitesi GSK in order to keep him able to sign a loan deal in BSL. On October 26, 2017, he signed a 1+1 deal with Beşiktaş. On October 2, 2018, <mask> signed a one-year contract with BSL side İstanbul BŞB.On August 20, 2019, he has signed with 2-year deal with Pınar Karşıyaka of the Turkish Basketball Super League. <mask> averaged over 8 points and 4 rebounds in EuroCup in the 2019-20 season. On August 12, 2020, he extended his contract until 2022. Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Boston
| 37 || 7 || 14.4 || .598 || .000 || .630 || 2.9 || .5 || .4 || .6 || 4.1
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Cleveland
| 4 || 1 || 16.0 || .286 || .000 || .833 || 2.8 || .3 || .5 || .8 || 3.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Cleveland
| 28 || 9 || 11.9 || .527 || .000 || .512 || 2.6 || .3 || .4 || .2 || 3.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 69 || 17 || 13.4 || .546 || .000 || .594 || 2.8 || .4 || .4 || .4 || 3.8

National team career
<mask> is a regular player on the Turkish national team. His first international experience came in the 2005 U20 European Championships held in Moscow. He averaged 10.4 points and 8.0 rebounds in seven games for Turkey. In the 2006 U20 European Championships, held in Izmir, Turkey, Erden helped lead Turkey to a silver medal, averaging 5.4 points and 3.4 rebounds in eight games.In the same year, he earned a spot on the Turkish team for the 2006 World Championship in Japan. He contributed 2.2 points and 2.3 rebounds a game. In the 2007 European Championship in Spain, <mask> averaged 1.0 points and 1.0 rebounds in his five games. Personal life
Some of <mask>'s ancestors are of Bosniak origin. See also
List of European basketball players in the United States

References

External links

<mask> <mask> at draftexpress.com
<mask> <mask> at eurobasket.com
<mask> <mask> at euroleague.net
<mask> <mask> at tblstat.net
<mask> <mask> at fiba.com

1986 births
Living people
ABA League players
Anadolu Efes S.K. players
Beşiktaş men's basketball players
Boston Celtics draft picks
Boston Celtics players
Centers (basketball)
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Darüşşafaka Basketbol players
Fenerbahçe men's basketball players
İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor basketball players
Karşıyaka basketball players
KK Partizan players
National Basketball Association players from Turkey
Sportspeople from Istanbul
Turkish expatriate basketball people in Serbia
Turkish expatriate basketball people in the United States
Turkish people of Bosniak descent
2006 FIBA World Championship players
2010 FIBA World Championship players
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players

masks:
Semih Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Semih
Erden
Semih
Erden
Semih
Erden
Semih
Erden
Semih
Erden


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<mask> (29 March 1912 – 24 August 1979) was a German aviator and test pilot. Along with Melitta von Stauffenberg, she flight tested many of Germany's new aircraft during World War II and received many honors. <mask> was among the very last people to meet Adolf Hitler alive in the  in late April 1945. <mask> set more than 40 flight altitude records and women's endurance records in gliding and unpowered flight, before and after World War II. In the 1960s, she was sponsored by the West German foreign office as a technical adviser in Ghana and elsewhere, and founded a gliding school in Ghana, where she worked for Kwame Nkrumah. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Hirschberg, Silesia, on 29 March 1912 to an upper-middle-class family. She was daughter of Dr. Wilhelm (Willy<mask>, who was an ophthalmology clinic manager, and his wife Emy Helff-Hibler von Alpenheim, who was a member of the Austrian nobility.Despite her mother being a devout Catholic, <mask> was raised a Protestant. She had two siblings, her brother Kurt, a Frigate captain, and her younger sister Heidi. <mask> began flight training in 1932 at the School of Gliding in Grunau. While a medical student in Berlin she enrolled in a German Air Mail amateur flying school for powered aircraft at Staaken, training in a Klemm Kl 25. Career

1933–1937
In 1933, <mask> left medical school at the University of Kiel to become, at the invitation of Wolf Hirth, a full-time glider pilot/instructor at Hornberg in Baden-Württemberg. <mask> contracted with the Ufa Film Company as a stunt pilot and set an unofficial endurance record for women of eleven hours and twenty minutes. In January 1934, she joined a South America expedition to study thermal conditions, along with Wolf Hirth, Peter Riedel and Heini Dittmar.While in Argentina, she became the first woman to earn the Silver C Badge, the 25th to do so among world glider pilots. In June 1934, <mask> became a member of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS) and became a test pilot in 1935. Reitsch enrolled in the Civil Airways Training School in Stettin, where she flew a twin-engine on a cross country flight and aerobatics in a Focke-Wulf Fw 44. In 1937, Ernst Udet gave <mask> the honorary title of  after she had successfully tested Hans Jacobs' divebrakes for gliders. At the DFS she test flew transport and troop-carrying gliders, including the DFS 230 used at the Battle of Fort Eben-Emael. 1937–1945

In September 1937, <mask> was posted to the Luftwaffe testing centre at Rechlin-Lärz Airfield by Ernst Udet. Her flying skill, desire for publicity, and photogenic qualities made her a star of Nazi propaganda.Physically she was petite in stature, very slender with blonde hair, blue eyes and a "ready smile". She appeared in Nazi propaganda throughout the late 1930s and early 1940s. <mask> was the first female helicopter pilot and one of the few pilots to fly the Focke-Achgelis Fa 61, the first fully controllable helicopter, for which she received the Military Flying Medal. In 1938, during the three weeks of the International Automobile Exhibition in Berlin, she made daily flights of the Fa 61 helicopter inside the . In September 1938, <mask> flew the DFS Habicht in the Cleveland National Air Races. <mask> was a test pilot on the Junkers Ju 87  dive bomber and Dornier Do 17 light/fast bomber projects, for which she received the Iron Cross, Second Class, from Hitler on 28 March 1941. <mask> was asked to fly many of Germany's latest designs, among them the rocket-propelled Messerschmitt Me 163  in 1942.A crash landing on her fifth Me 163 flight badly injured <mask>; she spent five months in a hospital recovering. <mask> received the Iron Cross First Class following the accident, one of only three women to do so. In February 1943 after news of the defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad she accepted an invitation from Generaloberst Robert Ritter von Greim to visit the Eastern Front. She spent three weeks visiting Luftwaffe units, flying a Fieseler Fi 156 Storch. V-1, 1944
On 28 February 1944, she presented the idea of Operation Suicide to Hitler at Berchtesgaden, which "would require men who were ready to sacrifice themselves in the conviction that only by this means could their country be saved." Although Hitler "did not consider the war situation sufficiently serious to warrant them ... and ... this was not the right psychological moment", he gave his approval. The project was assigned to Gen. Günther Korten.There were about seventy volunteers who enrolled in the Suicide Group as pilots for the human glider-bomb. By April 1944, <mask> and Heinz Kensche finished tests of the Me 328, carried aloft by a Dornier Do 217. By then, she was approached by SS- Otto Skorzeny, a founding member of the  (Leonidas Squadron). They adapted the V-1 flying bomb into the Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg including a two-seater and a single-seater with and without the mechanisms to land. The plan was never implemented operationally, "the decisive moment had been missed." In her autobiography  <mask> recalled that after two initial crashes with the Fi 103R she and Heinz Kensche took over tests of the prototype Fi 103R. She made several successful test flights before training the instructors."Though an average pilot could fly the V1 without difficulty once it was in the air, to land it called for exceptional skill, in that it had a very high landing speed and, moreover, in training it was the glider model, without engine, that was usually employed." In October 1944, Reitsch claims she was shown a booklet by Peter Riedel which he'd obtained while in the German Embassy in Stockholm, concerning the gas chambers. She further claims that while believing it to be enemy propaganda, she agreed to inform Heinrich Himmler about it. Upon doing so, Himmler is said to have asked whether she believed it, and she replied, "No, of course not. But you must do something to counter it. You can't let them shoulder this onto Germany." "You are right," Himmler replied.Berlin, 1945

During the last days of the war, Hitler dismissed Hermann Göring as head of the Luftwaffe and appointed von Greim, to replace him. Von Greim and <mask> flew from Gatow Airport into embattled Berlin to meet Hitler in the , arriving on 26 April as the Red Army troops were already in the central area of Berlin. <mask> and von Greim had flown from Rechlin–Lärz Airfield to Gatow Airfield in a Focke Wulf 190, escorted by twelve other Fw 190s from Jagdgeschwader 26 under the command of  Hans Dortenmann. In Berlin, <mask> landed a Fi 156  on an improvised airstrip in the Tiergarten near the Brandenburg Gate. Hitler gave Reitsch two capsules of poison for herself and von Greim. She accepted the capsule. Shortly after midnight on 29 April, <mask> and von Greim flew out of Berlin in an Arado Ar 96 from the same improvised airstrip.This was the last plane out of Berlin. Von Greim was ordered to get the Luftwaffe to attack the Soviet forces that had just reached Potsdamer Platz and to make sure Heinrich Himmler was punished for his treachery in making unauthorised contact with the Western Allies so as to surrender. Troops of the Soviet 3rd Shock Army, which was fighting its way through the Tiergarten from the north, tried to shoot the plane down fearing that Hitler was escaping in it, but it took off successfully. Capture, 1945
<mask> was soon captured along with von Greim and the two were interviewed together by U.S. military intelligence officers. When asked about being ordered to leave the  on 29 April 1945, <mask> and von Greim reportedly repeated the same answer: "It was the blackest day when we could not die at our Führer's side." <mask> also said: "We should all kneel down in reverence and prayer before the altar of the Fatherland." When the interviewers asked what she meant by "Altar of the Fatherland" she answered, "Why, the Führer's bunker in Berlin ..." She was held for eighteen months.Von Greim killed himself on 24 May 1945. Evacuated from Silesia ahead of the Soviet troops, <mask>'s family took refuge in Salzburg. During  the night of 3 May 1945, after hearing a rumour that all refugees were to be taken back to their original homes in the Soviet occupation zone, <mask>'s father shot and killed her mother and sister and her sister's three children before killing himself. 1945–1979
After her release <mask> settled in Frankfurt am Main. After the war, German citizens were barred from flying powered aircraft, but within a few years gliding was allowed, which she took up again. In 1952, <mask> won a bronze medal in the World Gliding Championships in Spain; she was the first woman to compete and in 1955 she became German champion. She continued to break records, including the women's altitude record () in 1957 and her first diamond of the Gold-C badge.During the mid-1950s, <mask> was interviewed on film and talked about her wartime flight tests of the Fa 61, Me 262 and Me 163. In 1959, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru invited <mask>, who spoke fluent English, to start a gliding centre, and she flew with him over New Delhi. In 1961, United States President John F. Kennedy invited her to the White House. From 1962 to 1966, she lived in Ghana. The then Ghanaian President, Kwame Nkrumah invited <mask> to Ghana after reading of her work in India. At Afienya she founded the first black African national gliding school, working closely with the government and the armed forces. The West German government supported her as technical adviser.The school was commanded by J.E.S. de Graft-Hayford, with gliders such as the double-seated Schleicher K7, Slingsby T.21 and a Bergfalke, along with a single-seated Schleicher K 8. She gained the FAI Diamond Badge in 1970. The project was evidently of great importance to Nkrumah and has been interpreted as part of a "modernist" development ideology. <mask>'s attitudes to race underwent a change. "Earlier in my life, it would never have occurred to me to treat a black person as a friend or partner ..." She now experienced guilt at her earlier "presumptuousness and arrogance". She became close to Nkrumah.The details of their relationship are now unclear due to the destruction of documents, but some surviving letters are intimate in tone. In Ghana, some Africans were disturbed by the prominence of a person with <mask>'s past, but Shirley Graham Du Bois, a noted African-American writer who had emigrated to Ghana and was friendly towards <mask>, agreed with Nkrumah that Reitsch was extremely naive politically. Contemporary Ghanaian press reports seem to show a lack of interest in her past. Throughout the 1970s, Reitsch broke gliding records in many categories, including the "Women's Out and Return World Record" twice, once in 1976 () and again, in 1979 (), flying along the Appalachian Ridges in the United States. During this time, she also finished first in the women's section of the first world helicopter championships. Last interview, 1970s
<mask> was interviewed and photographed several times in the 1970s, towards the end of her life, by Jewish-American photo-journalist Ron Laytner. In her closing remarks she is quoted as saying:

In the same interview, she is quoted as saying,

Death

<mask> died of a heart attack in Frankfurt at the age of 67, on 24 August 1979.She had never married. She is buried in the <mask> family grave in the Salzburger Kommunalfriedhof. Former British test pilot and Royal Navy officer Eric Brown said he received a letter from <mask> in early August 1979 in which she said, "It began in the bunker, there it shall end." Within weeks she was dead. Brown speculated that <mask> had taken the cyanide capsule Hitler had given her in the bunker, and that she had taken it as part of a suicide pact with Greim. No autopsy was performed, or at least no such report is available. List of awards and world records

 1932: women's gliding endurance record (5.5 hours)
 1936: women's gliding distance record ()
 1937: first woman to cross the Alps in a glider
 1937: the first woman in the world to be promoted to flight captain by Colonel Ernst Udet
 1937: the first woman to fly a helicopter (Fa 61)
 1937: world distance record in a helicopter ()
 1938: the first person to fly a helicopter (Fa 61) inside an enclosed space (Deutschlandhalle)
 1938: winner of German national gliding competition Sylt-Breslau Silesia
 1939: women's world record in gliding for point-to-point flight.1943: While in the Luftwaffe, the first woman to pilot a rocket plane (Messerschmitt Me 163). She survived a disastrous crash though with severe injuries and because of this she became the first of three German women to receive the Iron Cross First Class. 1944: the first woman in the world to pilot a jet aircraft at the Luftwaffe research centre at Rechlin during the trials of the Messerschmitt Me 262 and Heinkel He 162
 1952: third place in the World Gliding Championships in Spain together with her team-mate Lisbeth Häfner
 1955: German gliding champion
 1956: German gliding distance record ()
 1957: German gliding altitude record ()

Books by <mask>
 . 4th ed. Munich: Herbig, 2001. (Autobiography)
 . 2nd ed.Munich: Herbig, 1979. (original title: ).
 . 7th ed. Munich: Herbig, 1992. .
 . Munich: Heyne, 1984. .
 . 2nd expanded ed. Munich/Berlin: Herbig, 1978. . In popular culture
<mask> has been portrayed by the following actresses in film and television productions. Barbara Rütting in the 1965 film Operation Crossbow
 Diane Cilento in the 1973 British film Hitler: The Last Ten Days. Myvanwy Jenn in the 1973 British television production The Death of Adolf Hitler.Anna Thalbach in the 2004 German film Downfall (). See also

Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

  where she exclaims about Hitler's understanding in avionics: "I was deeply astonished about his interests"

  testing the Me 163 jet plane
  as depicted in the Downfall
 The first women astronaut  (Woman Pilot Magazine website)

1912 births
1979 deaths
People from Jelenia Góra
German women aviators
German World War II pilots
Test pilots
People from the Province of Silesia
German glider pilots
Helicopter pilots
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class
Flight altitude record holders
Flight endurance record holders
Rotorcraft flight record holders
Glider flight record holders
German aviation record holders
German women aviation record holders
German people of Austrian descent
Holocaust denial

masks:
Hanna Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
) Reitsch
Hanna
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Reitsch
Hanna Reitsch
Reitsch


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<mask> (born February 27, 1974) is a Congolese dancer and choreographer of contemporary dance. His works are structured along the lines of the dance form Ndombolo and its associated music and address "the legacy of decades of war, terror, fear and the collapse of the economy for himself, his family and his friends." Family background
<mask> was born in Ubundu, Zaire, now Democratic Republic of Congo. He was raised in a "multilingual, multicultural" environment, in a Roman Catholic family. Because of the state ideology of the Mobutu Sese Seko regime, the European name, Faustin, could not appear on any legal documents. The justification for this was that European names were imposed on Africans as a form of mental subjugation. Career
According to Toba Singer, <mask> studied literature and theater in Kisangani (in northeast Zaire, his native region).The universities in Zaire were soon shut down; he went to Nairobi, Kenya. In 1997 co-founded the Gàara company with mime Opiyo Okach and dancer Afrah Tenambergen, the first contemporary dance company in Kenya and his first experience as a choreographer. He then traveled to France where he took up a residency first with choreographer Régine Chopinot and then with Mathilde Monnier, and to the Tanzwochen Festival in Vienna, Austria where he and South African dancer Gregory Maqoma created Tales off the Mud Wall (2000). Returning to the Congo, in June 2001 in Kinshasa he established the Studios Kabako, a structure form multidisciplinary creation and performance; Brenda Dixon Gottschild, professor emerita of Dance Studies at Temple University characterizes this as choosing "the path of most resistance," given his opportunities in Europe. In 2003, he choreographed a piece for six hip-hop dancers as part of the Suresnes Cités Danse Festival. The French Centre National de la Danse gave him carte blanche to create a festival in 2005; the result was Le Cargo, in which appear ten African companies mostly presenting their work for the first time in Europe. In 2007, his Festival des mensonges ("Festival of Lies") was presented at the Festival d'Avignon, as well as Dinozord: The Dialogue Series (2006).″Le Cargo″, his first solo (2011) is still touring in Europe (Vienna, Paris, Grenoble, Brussels, Ostende, Genk, Athens, Geneva, Salzburg, Umea, Gdansk, Lisbon…), Africa (Tunis, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Nouakchott, Dakar, Ouagadougou, Lusaka, Yaoundé, Douala, Niamey, Zinder, Djibouti, Kampala, Accra, Bata…), North America (New York, Portland, Minneapolis, Burlington - Vermont, Ottawa and Vancouver), Australia (Brisbane) and New Caledonia (Noumea). A piece for 4 dancers and 3 performers, ″Drums and Digging″ (2013) has been premiered at the Avignon festival in 2013 and toured in 2014 in France (Paris, Grenoble, Annecy) and Belgium (Leuven, Brussels, Genk). Other recent collaborations include ″La Création du Monde 1923-2012″, a piece for 24 dancers of the Ballet de Lorraine in Nancy and Djodjo Kazadi (2012) and ″Sans-titre″ (2009), a duet written by German director Raimund Hoghe. <mask> Linyekula is also teaching in Africa, Europe (Parts / Brussels, CNDC Angers / France, Impulstanz / Vienna) and in the United States (Florida University Gainesville, University of the Arts Philadelphia...) and has been part of a think tank with other African artists and intellectuals around the creation of an arts center near Cape Town. The think tank resulted in the creation of the Africa Centre. Since 2006, he is based in Kisangani. The Studios Kabako are accompanying there local and national artistic initiatives in the field of dance, theatre, music and video, from training to production and touring.Young accompanied artists include among others Dinozord, Papy Ebotany, Djino Alolo, Dorine Mokha, Jeannot Kumbonyeki, Yves Mwamba.... (dance), Flamme Kapaya, Pasnas, Franck Moka, Huguette Tolinga (music), Michael Disanka & Christiana Tabaro (theatre). In May 2009 opened the first professional recording studio of the eastern part of the country. At the initiative of Pamoja project, a residency and production programme, the Studios Kabako have also host and coproduced many artists from Africa, including projects from South Africa, Nigeria, Senegal, Mozambique, Burkina Faso...

Linyekula is currently touring "Not Another Diva...", a musical theatre piece cosigned with South African performer Hlengiwe Lushaba. 2019 will mark the premiere of "Congo" adapted from Eric Vuillard's book and "Histoire(s) du théâtre II", a commission from Milo Rau / NTGent. <mask> is the winner of the 2007 Principal Prince Claus Award. In 2014, he received the Principle Award of the CurryStone Prize for the work developed in Kisangani. He is also one of the guest artists of the Re-Place-Ing Philadelphia project initiated in 2015 by the Painted Bride Art Centre.In 2016, he is associated artist to the city of Lisbon-Portugal, as part of the Artista Na Cidade] Biennale. In 2019, he is jointly with William Kentridge associate artist to the Holland festival. From September 2018 and for 3 years, he is associated artist to the Manège in Reims (France). Principal choreographic works

With Studios Kabako
Spectacularly Empty I (2001)
Triptyque sans titre – Fragments et Autres Boues Recyclés ("Untitled Triptych - Fragments and Other Recycled Sludge" 2002)
Spectacularly Empty II (2003)
Radio Okapi (2004)
Le Festival des mensonges ("Festival of Lies", 2005–2006)
The Dialogue Series: i. Franco (2006)The Dialogue Series: iii. Dinozord (2006)La Fratrie errante (2007)more more more... future (2009)Pour en finir avec Bérénice (2010)Le Cargo (2011) Sur les traces de Dinozord (2012) What is Black Music Anyway / Self-Portrait (2012), a performance for the MOMA in New YorkDrums and Digging (2013) The Dialogue Series: IV Moya (2014) Statue of Loss (2014)The Kin-Philly Connection (2015), a performance for the Fondation Cartier in ParisBanataba (2017), a Metropolitanlivearts production, with Moya MichaelNot Another Diva... (2018), a music/theater piece by <mask> Linyekula and Hlengiwe Lushaba

Others
 Cleansing (1997, with Opiyo Okach, Afrah Tenambergen and la Compagnie Gàara)Tales off the Mud Wall (2000, with Gregory Vuyani Maqoma)Telle une ombre gravée dans la poussière ("Such a Shadow Etched in the Dust", 2003)Mes obsessions: j’y pense et puis je crie! ("My obsessions: I think and then I scream! ", 2006)Si c'est un nègre / autoportrait ("If that is a Black Man / Self Portrait", (2003), a solo for French dancer Sylvain PrunenecBérénice (2009) by Jean Racine, a commission by the Comédie française in ParisLa création du monde 1923-2012 (2012) for the Ballet de Lorraine, Nancy

Notes

References
 This article incorporates material translated 5 December 2007 from the article of the same name in the French Wikipedia.
 .Essay commissioned by The Africa Contemporary Arts Consortium and published as a pamphlet by MAPP International Productions, promoters of the Festival of Lies'' 2007 US Tour. A version of this essay can be found on the site of the Walker Art Center, but appears to have some typographical errors. Amended in 2010 by Virginie Dupray, manager of Faustin Linyekula. External links

  Studios Kabako de Faustin Linyekula, Official site

  around Studios Kabako's project in Lubunga, Official site

1974 births
Living people
People from Tshopo
Contemporary dancers
Democratic Republic of the Congo Roman Catholics
Democratic Republic of the Congo choreographers
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people

masks:
Faustin Linyekula
Linyekula
Linyekula
Faustin
Linyekula
Faustin


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Harry Christopher "<mask><mask>. (August 12, 1939 – August 3, 2008) was an American sportscaster, best known for his long career as a radio and television play-by-play announcer for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball. He was the son of baseball announcer <mask>, and the father of fellow Braves broadcaster <mask>; another son, <mask>, is a reporter for All News 106.7. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in baseball as the son of Hall of Fame broadcaster <mask>, who would routinely refer to his son at 8:30 p.m. during every broadcast by saying, "Good night, Skippy", a phrase for which he was teased throughout his adolescence. He studied television and radio at the University of Missouri where he received a degree in journalism and was a member of Phi Gamma Delta. He began his career in St. Louis calling Saint Louis University and St. Louis Hawks basketball. In 1968, Caray moved with the Hawks to Atlanta, where he also called Atlanta Flames hockey games and did morning sportscasts on WSB-AM. Career

Atlanta Braves

In 1976, he was added to the broadcast team for the Braves, a position he held until his death.In September 2007, Caray was not asked to announce League Division Series games on TBS and was kept exclusive to the Braves as the team's broadcasts moved to local Atlanta network Peachtree TV (a direct descendant of the original WTBS). Caray felt slighted by the move. Perhaps, Caray's most memorable call was his description of Francisco Cabrera's game-winning hit in Game 7 of the 1992 National League Championship Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates. The game itself, was ultimately decided on Braves first-baseman Sid Bream beating out Pirates left-fielder Barry Bonds' throw to home plate. And when the Braves defeated the Cleveland Indians in Game 6 of the 1995 World Series, to earn the city of Atlanta its first major professional sports championship, Caray soon after Marquis Grissom caught the final out in center-field, cried that the "Atlanta Braves have given you a championship!" <mask> was inducted into the Atlanta Braves Hall of Fame in 2004 alongside long-time Braves broadcaster Pete Van Wieren. He has been recognized with six Georgia Sportscaster-of-the Year awards from the National Sportswriters and Sportscasters Association, as well as a Georgia-area Emmy award.On December 18, 2006, the Braves organization announced that Caray (and partner Van Wieren) had signed three-year contracts to continue doing Braves game broadcasts on their radio network. However, Caray only announced ten games on TBS in the 2007 season before being relegated to Peachtree TV. On the final broadcast of Braves TBS Baseball (September 30, 2007), Caray thanked fans saying, "To all you people who have watched the Braves for these 30 years ... thank you. We appreciate you more than you will ever know. ... Thank you folks and God bless you. And we're going to miss you every bit as much as you miss us."NBC Sports
In 2000, NBC hired Caray to do play-by-play with Joe Morgan on the AL Division Series between the New York Yankees and Oakland Athletics. Caray was filling in for Bob Costas, who sat out the Division Series after anchoring NBC's prime time coverage of the Summer Olympic Games from Sydney, Australia. Other appearances
On December 11, 1982, Caray along with Abe Lemons called the much hyped college basketball contest between Virginia and Georgetown (led by Ralph Sampson and Patrick Ewing respectively) for TBS. Caray also called play-by-play for the first two seasons (1990–91) of the TNT network's Sunday night NFL coverage as well as TBS' coverage of the NBA and college football, and anchored TBS' coverage of the 1990 Goodwill Games. He made his motion picture debut in the 1985 movie The Slugger's Wife, starring Michael O'Keefe, Randy Quaid and Rebecca De Mornay. Caray frequently mocked his participation in the film on-air, and referred to it as one of the worst movies ever made, often saying that the actors in the movie probably watched it as the in-flight movie on their way back to Los Angeles. Caray was also the lead play-by-play man for The Baseball Network's (a joint venture of ABC and NBC Sports respectively) regional coverage of Braves games during that ill-fated experiment's two seasons (1994 and 1995) usually alongside the opposing team's secondary play-by-play man or color commentator.Broadcasting style
Caray's broadcasts were characterized by his witty and sarcastic sense of humor, a personality trait that endeared him to most fans, but alienated him from some. For example, during a particularly long losing streak in the 1980s, Caray declared at the start of a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, "And, like lambs to the slaughter, the Braves take the field". Other frequent targets of Caray's jokes included the Montreal Expos' mascot Youppi, New York Mets fans, professional wrestling, The Wave, TBS baseball broadcast producer Glenn Diamond, and the post game B-movie frequently shown on TBS during the 1980s. In one instance, in order to get back at Atlanta Journal-Constitution columnist Ron Hudspeth for a critical column, Caray paid to have an airplane tow a banner above Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium during a Braves game which read, "For a good time, call Rona Hudspeth", and included Ron's actual phone number. Among other memorable lines, Caray said of Braves pitcher Charlie Kerfeld, who was 6'4" and 245 lbs., "Boy, he is big enough to go to work." And during a losing streak, after talking about a promotion in which Braves fans could come on the field and meet the players, Caray commented, "The way things are going, we may make the fans go through a metal detector on the way to the field." Caray was also known for his tendency to identify the hometowns of fans who catch foul balls during Braves games in jest.Fans who reside in the metro Atlanta area were identified by a random suburb, though there was no legitimacy behind these references. Similarly, when daytime home games went long, Caray would routinely give a "traffic report" at exactly 5 o'clock on radio broadcasts. It consisted of his rattling off a random list of major Atlanta arteries, and describing each one as hopelessly backed up. When the Braves suffered a severely bad outing, and the score was strongly lopsided in favor of the other team, in late innings he would often tell fans "It's OK to walk the dog now, folks, if you promise to support our sponsors." In addition to his play-by-play duties, Caray also hosted a pre-game call in show on WSB until 2004. Criticism
In June 2000, Caray, along with fellow Braves broadcasters Joe Simpson, Pete Van Wieren and Don Sutton, were banned from Atlanta Braves team charter flights for several games after criticizing Braves catcher Javy López for being penalized for setting up outside the catchers box during a game against the Milwaukee Brewers. In an attempt to combat criticism of Caray's on-air "home team" bias and to market its baseball coverage to non-Braves fans, during the 2003 season, TBS removed him and Pete Van Wieren from announcing Braves games on television.The move was strongly criticized by Braves fans, the local Atlanta media, and Braves manager Bobby Cox. Over 90% of Braves fans who voted in an online poll conducted by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution preferred <mask> and Van Wieren to the more neutral broadcasts. The move backfired, and ratings for the TBS broadcasts declined sharply. After the All-Star Break, <mask> and Van Wieren were returned to the booth. They were taken off permanently in 2007 with TBS hiring new broadcasters for their playoff coverage later in the year. Death
On August 3, 2008, the Atlanta Braves announced that Caray had died, nine days before what would have been his 69th birthday. His wife, Paula, reported to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution that on Sunday afternoon when she thought her husband was napping, she looked out the window and saw a bird feeder not hanging where it should be and thought it had been blown down by the wind.When she stood up, she noticed her husband lying on the ground next to the bird feeder. He had been suffering from failing health for nearly a year prior, but returned to work for the 2008 season, calling a game on radio as recently as three days before his death. Tributes to Caray were given on all of the Atlanta television stations that evening and on WGST-AM the next morning. Shortly after Caray's death, the Atlanta Braves began wearing a memorial patch on their uniforms that read "SKIP", which appeared on the sleeve opposite the "BEACH" patch honoring Jim Beauchamp that they had been wearing since the beginning of the 2008 season. References

External links
 <mask> <mask> Online Memorial
 Skip Caray Cable's First Baseball Star

1939 births
2008 deaths
American radio sports announcers
American television sports announcers
Television personalities from Atlanta
Atlanta Braves announcers
Atlanta Falcons announcers
Atlanta Flames announcers
Atlanta Hawks announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
College football announcers
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
National Football League announcers
National Hockey League broadcasters
American people of Italian descent
American people of Romanian descent
People from St. Louis
Radio personalities from Atlanta
St. Louis Hawks announcers
University of Missouri alumni

masks:
Skip
" Caray Jr
Harry Caray
Chip Caray
Josh Caray
Skip Caray
Harry Caray
Caray
Caray
Caray
Skip
Caray