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<mask> (born July 20, 1988) is an American-Australian professional basketball player for the Perth Lynx of the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) and the New York Liberty of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She played college basketball for the Washington Huskies before making a name for herself in Australia with the Rockingham Flames in the State Basketball League (SBL). She made her debut in the WNBA in 2017 and won championships with the Seattle Storm in 2018 and 2020. She became an Australian citizen in 2018 and made her debut for the Australian Opals. Early life
Born and raised in Ventura, California, <mask> played soccer as a child before taking up basketball at age 12. Her parents divorced when she was young, and through basketball she was able to keep a close relationship with her father despite spending less time together. High school career
<mask> attended Ventura's Buena High School, where she was a four-year letterwinner and one-year team captain for the basketball team.She won numerous awards during her time at Buena, including the 2004–05 Co-County Player of the Year from the league coaches and the Ventura County Star's 2005–06 Girls' Basketball Player of the Year. She also helped her team win three Channel League titles as a sophomore, junior and senior. As a senior in 2005–06, she averaged 17.3 points, 10.5 rebounds and 3.6 steals per game. <mask> was also a two-time letterwinner in track and field during her sophomore and junior years. In 2005, she placed second in the league in shot put and first in the county for seeded throwers. College career
As a freshman at Washington in 2006–07, <mask> appeared in 21 games and received four starting assignments. She missed eight games mid-season after suffering a broken right hand during practice.She led the team with an 81.0 free-throw shooting percentage (17-for-21), was fourth on the squad with 15 three-pointers made, and averaged 4.3 points and 1.6 rebounds per game. As a sophomore in 2007–08, <mask>'s role on the team increased dramatically as she appeared in all 31 games and received 30 starting assignments. Her production subsequently increased and she was rewarded for her efforts with a Pac-10 All-Defensive honorable mention team selection. She also earned Pac-10 All-Academic honorable mention honors. Her 11.2 points per game were ranked second on the team, while her 62 steals was a team high and her 74 assists were also second. On January 4, 2008, she recorded a near triple-double with nine points, nine steals and seven rebounds against Washington State. Her nine steals were two away from matching the UW school record.Six days later, she recorded her first career double-double with 17 points and 10 rebounds against UCLA. She was later named Pac-10 Player of the Week for her 24-point scoring output against California on March 2. As a junior in 2008–09, <mask> appeared in all 30 games while starting 29 of them. She earned All-Pac-10 honorable mention honors and was named to the Pac-10 All-Defensive honorable mention team for a second-straight season. She also earned Pac-10 All-Academic second team honors. She led the Huskies in scoring (12.8 ppg), steals (2.3 spg), three-pointers made (54) and free-throws made (71), while she was second in rebounding (3.9 rpg) and third in assists (1.2 apg). On January 31, 2009, she scored a then career-high 29 points against Arizona State.As a senior in 2009–10, <mask> started all 31 games and earned All-Pac-10 selection and Pac-10 All-Academic honorable mention honors. She averaged a career-best 13.0 points per game, set a personal high with 175 rebounds, and was named Pac-10 Player of the Week on December 28, 2009. She went on to score a career-high 32 points against Washington State on January 29, 2010. In her four-year career at Washington, <mask> scored 1,205 points, a mark that ranks 15th all-time in the program's history. She graduated from Washington in the spring of 2010 with a degree in history. She began as a coaching intern while playing her final season and after a quick WNBA training camp stint, <mask> opted to take the open position of the Huskies' video coordinator for the 2010–11 season. She was waived by the Sky on May 9 after appearing in three preseason games.On February 8, 2017, <mask> signed with the Seattle Storm ahead of the 2017 WNBA season. In her WNBA debut on May 13, she recorded three points and three rebounds in just under seven minutes off the bench in a 78–68 loss to the Los Angeles Sparks. On May 26, she scored a career-high 22 points and hit six three-pointers in 15 minutes off the bench in an 87–81 win over the New York Liberty. Her six second-half three-pointers tied the WNBA record for most three-pointers in a half. In 34 games in 2017, she averaged 4.4 points, 1.7 rebounds and 1.0 assists in 12.2 minutes per game. On February 1, 2018, <mask> re-signed with the Storm on a multi-year deal. She averaged 2.9 points and 8.5 minutes in 31 games during the regular season, before averaging 6.2 points and 12.5 minutes in six games throughout the playoffs, helping the Storm win the WNBA championship with a 3–0 sweep over the Washington Mystics in the Finals.With the Storm in 2019, <mask> averaged 7.1 points, 1.7 rebounds, 2.2 assists and 1.1 steals in 35 games. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 WNBA season was reduced to a 22-game regular season at IMG Academy, without fans present. <mask> appeared in all 22 games for the Storm. On August 12, 2020, she tied her career high for 3-pointers in a game with six to finish with a season-high 20 points in a 100–63 win over the Atlanta Dream. After appearing in all three games of the Storm's 3–0 semifinal series sweep over the Minnesota Lynx, she left the WNBA bubble in Bradenton, Florida, and returned to Perth, Australia, to be with her wife Kate for the birth of their first child. The Storm went on to defeat the Las Vegas Aces 3–0 in the Finals to garner <mask> her second WNBA championship. For the season, <mask> led Seattle's reserves with a career-high 8.1 points per game alongside 2.3 rebounds, 2.0 assists and 16.5 minutes.On February 10, 2021, <mask> was acquired by the New York Liberty via sign-and-trade in exchange for the rights to Stephanie Talbot. On June 26, 2021, she scored a career-high 30 points in a 101–78 win over the Atlanta Dream. She made 7 of 12 from 3-point range and tied her career high with 22 points in the first half. She appeared in 30 games during the 2021 WNBA season, including a career-high 28 starts, averaging career highs of 11.7 points, 5.0 rebounds and 2.7 assists per game. Europe
<mask> considered signing in Switzerland for the 2010–11 season but the perceived lack of strong competition to prepare her to break into the WNBA ultimately led her to initially end her playing career. In June 2011, <mask> launched her pro basketball career by signing with ChemCats Chemnitz of the Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga (DBBL) in Germany. In 22 games during the 2011–12 season, she averaged 11.8 points, 4.7 rebounds, 3.1 assists and 2.0 steals per game.<mask> returned to Germany for the 2012–13 season, signing with the Wolfenbüttel Wildcats of the DBBL in July 2012. Wolfenbüttel made the finals in 2012–13 but went bankrupt and couldn't play out the season. In 20 games, she averaged 18.5 points, 5.5 rebounds, 2.7 assists and 2.6 steals per game. In the fall of 2013, <mask> played in Slovakia for ŠKBD Rücon Spišská Nová Ves. She averaged 15.8 points, 5.9 rebounds, 2.2 assists and 2.9 steals in 15 MEL games. <mask> was set to return to Germany to play for TSV 1880 Wasserburg in the 2014–15 season, but later asked for the termination of her contract citing the need for a break from playing. For the 2018–19 season, <mask> played for French team Basket Lattes.In December 2018, she scored a season-high 40 points, which included 10 three-pointers. The team finished runners-up in both the French Basketball League and European Cup. <mask> returned to Basket Lattes for the 2019–20 season. She scored a season-high 30 points. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the season was cut short. In March 2021, <mask> played in Turkey for Galatasaray. She appeared in six  KBSL games and two EuroLeague games.<mask> initially signed with French team ESB Villeneuve-d'Ascq for the 2021–22 season, but changes in family circumstance saw her return to Perth instead. Australia

SBL
Following the 2012–13 season in Germany, <mask> began travelling through Europe hoping another team would sign her when she received a call to come to Australia to play for the Rockingham Flames in the State Basketball League (SBL). In the 2013 season, <mask> was crowned the league's Most Valuable Player and earned All-Star Five honors. In 24 games, she averaged 22.4 points, 8.9 rebounds, 3.6 assists and 2.8 steals per game. <mask> re-joined the Flames for the 2014 season and once again earned league MVP and All-Star Five honors. She also guided the Flames through to the SBL Grand Final, where she scored 32 points in an 80–75 win over the Lakeside Lightning to win her first championship and garner grand final MVP honors. In 27 games, she averaged 23.3 points, 8.0 rebounds, 4.0 assists and 2.6 steals per game.<mask> returned to the Flames in 2015 and helped guide them back to the SBL Grand Final. Her 41 points in the 68–63 win over the Willetton Tigers earned her back-to-back grand final MVPs as the Flames claimed their second consecutive championship. For the season, <mask> was crowned league MVP and earned All-Star Five honors for the third straight year. In 26 games, she averaged 25.3 points per game. In her fourth and final season with the Flames in 2016, <mask> once again earned All-Star Five honors and averaged 24.7 points, 8.4 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 2.8 steals in 25 games. In 2018, <mask> had a three-week stint with the Willetton Tigers and subsequently won three straight Player of the Week awards. WNBL

In May 2015, <mask> signed with the Perth Lynx for the 2015–16 WNBL season.She earned eight Team of the Week recognitions, was named Player of the Week for Round 3, and helped the Lynx reach their first WNBL Grand Final since 1999. In the grand final series, the Lynx were defeated 2–0 by the Townsville Fire despite <mask>'s 20 points in game one and 15 points in game two. For the season, <mask> earned WNBL All-Star Five honors and finished third in league MVP voting. She appeared in all 27 games for the Lynx in 2015–16, averaging 19.4 points, 5.7 rebounds, 2.9 assists and 2.8 steals per game. She was subsequently named Lynx Club MVP. <mask> re-joined the Lynx for the 2016–17 season and earned Player of the Week honors for Round 3, Player of the Month honors for October, and had 13 Team of the Week recognitions. Her 23.6 points and 2.8 steals per game were first in the WNBL for the regular season, while her 91 three-pointers set a WNBL single-season record.Her 567 total points was also the second best mark ever set in the WNBL regular season—Penny Taylor had 570 in 2002. In the semi-finals, <mask> scored a career-high 41 points. She was named to the WNBL All-Star Five for the second consecutive season, after delivering the greatest scoring season in league history. She tallied 652 points throughout her 27 games, the highest single season points total in the WNBL's 36-year history. She finished the season with averages of 24.1 points, 5.2 rebounds and 3.9 assists per game, while knocking down 105 three-pointers throughout the year, besting her own WNBL record for most three-pointers made in a season. <mask> returned to the Lynx for a third season in 2017–18 and was named co-captain. She helped the Lynx record their first 10-game win streak since 1993, with the streak finally ending after 14 straight wins culminating in claiming the minor premiership with a first-place finish and a 15–6 record.For the season, she earned one Player of the Week award, five Team of the Week selections, and All-Star Five honors for the third consecutive season. She appeared in all 23 games for the Lynx in 2017–18, averaging 17.2 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.3 assists and 2.6 steals per game. She parted ways with the Lynx following the season. <mask> made a return to the Lynx in June 2020, initially signing for the 2020–21 home-and-away season. However, on November 4, 2020, she opted out of joining the Lynx for the WNBL Hub season in Queensland in order to be alongside her wife in Perth for the birth of their first child. On December 25, 2021, <mask> re-signed with the Lynx for the 2021–22 WNBL season. On January 29, 2022, she scored a season-high 23 points in a 90–82 win over the Bendigo Spirit.National team career
In May 2017, <mask> applied for Australian citizenship. She qualified after meeting the criteria of living in Australia for at least four years and being a permanent resident for at least 12 months. But the process had stalled by June because of the challenges associated with applying from overseas. In December 2017, she was added to the Australian Opals squad ahead of the 2018 Commonwealth Games, with her Australian citizenship application approval imminent. On February 1, 2018, <mask> was naturalized at a ceremony in Perth before flying to Italy the next day for the Opals' training camp. She ultimately missed out on making the final squad. In September 2018, <mask> debuted with the Opals at the FIBA World Cup after she replaced the injured Leilani Mitchell.She won a World Cup silver medal. In June 2019, she was selected to the Opals' Asia Cup training squad. In September and October 2021, <mask> captained the Opals at the FIBA Asia Cup. She helped the Opals reach the bronze medal match, where they defeated South Korea 88–58 behind <mask>'s 15 points, nine rebounds and eight assists. In February 2022, <mask> captained the Opals at the FIBA World Cup Qualifying Tournament in Serbia. She was named in the All-Star Five for the tournament. Personal life
<mask> is the daughter of Jan and Sander, and has an older brother, Jason.Her great uncle, Roy Schmidt, played in the NFL with the Falcons, Packers and Redskins in the 1960s and 1970s. <mask> married her long-time partner Kate in the U.S. in 2017. The couple then had their marriage recognised in Australia when same-sex marriage laws changed. The couple had their first child in November 2020. References

External links

WNBA player profile
Washington Huskies bio
2021 FIBA Asia Cup profile
SBL stats
"Perth Lynx star <mask> chases WNBA dream amid stellar WNBL season" at perthnow.com.au
"Former UW standout <mask> seeks to make Storm roster" at seattletimes.com
"After Unlikely Path to WNBA, <mask> Lands in Perfect Spot With Seattle Storm" at wnba.com

1988 births
Living people
American emigrants to Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Slovakia
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American women's basketball players
Australian women's basketball players
Basketball players from California
Galatasaray S.K. (women's basketball) players
Lesbian sportswomen
LGBT basketball players
LGBT sportspeople from Australia
LGBT sportspeople from the United States
Naturalised citizens of Australia
New York Liberty players
People from Ventura, California
Perth Lynx players
Seattle Storm players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Ventura County, California
Washington Huskies women's basketball players

masks:
Samantha Allison Whitcomb
Whitcomb
Whitcomb
Whitcomb
Whitcomb
Whitcomb
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<mask> (26 February 1938 – 25 December 2004) was an English naval historian and editor, specialising in the area of 19th and 20th-century naval history and warship design. Life

<mask> was born in 1938 in Salford, Lancashire, the son of the 16th Viscount Gormanston and Miss Julia O'Mahony. After becoming a wartime evacuee, he was educated in South Africa at King Edward VII School, Johannesburg, and the University of Witwatersrand. On his return to England he spent some years at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, before becoming Editor of the periodical "Defence". During the 1970s he was employed by a specialist publisher, Conway Maritime Press, as editor of their Warship annual. He also produced the specialised newsletter Navint. In the early nineties he took over as chief-editor of the magazine Naval Forces at the German editorial group Mönch.He left to resume as editor of Warships in 1996. <mask> lived in London until his death in 2004. His son <mask> (born 1961 and the eldest of <mask>'s four children) has gained celebrity as a TV judge on MasterChef Australia and as a restaurant critic-columnist for the Melbourne Age & Herald-Sun newspapers. Work

<mask> was a prolific author both of books and articles, and published on subjects ranging from the American Revolution to modern seapower; the bibliography given below illustrates the breadth of his expertise. He wrote on general military history, as well as most aspects of naval history and modern-day naval matters. He was a pugnacious writer and was usually willing to take up one side of a controversy, even in a work of reference (see brief collection of quotes below). Memorable quotes

 s - "ton for ton, the least satisfactory ships built for the RN in modern times"
 French  - "unfit for combat with any existing cruiser"
 Fast attack craft - "a fresh coat of paint and a display of flags can hide a multitude of shortcomings"
 German Panzerschiffe - "more of a political gesture than a significant contribution to the history of capital-ship design"
 s - "the most grotesque craft ever seen".Worlds Worst Warships

The Worlds Worst Warships is a book about warship design. While nobody sets out to design a bad warship, some ships turn out unsuitable for the tasks which they are asked to perform. Notwithstanding his lack of engineering knowledge, <mask> regarded the following designs as particularly poor:

 US Civil war era Monitors
 Turret ship
 Russian coast defence ships  and her sister,
 Armoured rams  and
 Russian armoured cruiser
 Dynamite cruiser
 British  protected cruisers
 Russian s
 Destroyer
 Austro-Hungarian Viribus Unitis-class battleships
 French s
 American s
 US flush-decker destroyers (,  &  )
 British K-class submarines
 British light battlecruisers, , ,
 Battlecruiser
 US
 Swedish cruiser
 French  heavy cruisers
 German pocket battleships
 Italian  light cruisers (Giussano and Cadorna classes)

 Japanese s
 Japanese s
 German s
 British s
 Hydrogen peroxide-fuelled submarines
 Soviet s
 British Type 21 frigates

Bibliography

Only the four most recent Warship annuals are listed; other titles are listed in reverse order of publication. Send a Gunboat: The Victorian Navy and Supremacy at Sea, 1854–1904 2007 with Eric J. Grove and John Major
 Warship 2005 (Ed). Conway Maritime Press (July 15, 2005). Warship 2004 (Ed). Conway Maritime Press.(July, 2004). Warship 2002–2003 (Ed). Conway Maritime Press. (Dec, 2002). Warship 2001–2002 (Ed). Conway Maritime Press. (April, 2002).The Worlds Great Submarines: From the Civil War to the Present Day (2005)
 Send a Gunboat! (with John Major). Chrysalis Books (February 28, 2003). The Worlds Worst Warships. Conway Maritime Press (2002). The Royal Navy Submarine Service: A Centennial History. Conway Maritime Press (November 2001).The Worlds Great Aircraft Carriers: From the Civil War to the Present. Thunder Bay Press (CA) (July 2000). Submarine Warfare: An Illustrated History. Thunder Bay Press (CA) (April 1999). An illustrated history of the navies of World War II, Military Book Club (January 1, 1998). ASIN B0006R987I, also Bison (1976). Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated History.PRC Publishing Ltd. (1997). ASIN B000CORWY6
 Pictorial History of South Africa. Gallery Books (Aug 1989). Janes Fighting Ships of World War II, Tiger Books (1989). Fighting Ships, Bison (1989). Berühmte Kriegsschiffe - 1914 bis heute, Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 1988. (with Richard Natkiel) Weidenfeld Atlas of Maritime History.Weidenfeld & Nicolson (May 1986). Carriers (Modern Military Techniques), Armada (1986). History of the Royal Navy, W.H. Smith (1985). Armed Forces of the World (with Charles Messenger and Anthony Robinson), Gallery Books (1985). Flower Class Corvettes (Man O War), Arms and Armour Press (1982). Strike Craft, Bison (1982).Submarines, Bison (1982). Aircraft Carriers, Bison (1982). Battleships, Bison (1982). Destroyers, Bison (1982). Battleships (Warships). Lifetime Books (August 1982). Cruisers (Warships).Lifetime Books (August 1982). Sea combat off the Falklands. Willow Books (1982). Warships of the World, Jane's Information Group (1980). Fighting Ships of the World, Phoebus (1980). Sea Power: A Modern Illustrated Military History (with Louis S Casey & John Batchelor). Exeter Books (September 1980).Decisive Battles of the Pacific Wars. Book Sales (May 1980). Dreadnought to nuclear submarine (The ship). HMSO/National Maritime Museum (1980). U-Boats, E.P. Dutton & Co Inc (1978). ASIN B0011WGKMS
 Battleships, 1856–1945, Phoebus (1977).Submarines Since 1919 (with John Batchelor), BPC Publishing Ltd (1974). ASIN B0007ALBJM
 Battleships of World War I, Stackpole (1972). V and W Class Destroyers, 1919–1945, Macdonald (1971). (Editor) Super Destroyers: The Big Destroyers built in the 1930s (Warship Special), Conway Maritime Press (1978). (Editor) Decisive Battles of Hitler's War, Chartwell Books (1977). (contributor) Navies of the American Revolution. Leo Cooper (April 1975).(contributor) Navies of World War 3. BISON BOOKS (1986). Notes and references

1938 births
2004 deaths
English naval historians
British military historians
People from Salford
Alumni of King Edward VII School (Johannesburg)

masks:
Antony Preston
Antony Preston
Antony Preston
Matt Preston
Preston
Antony Preston
Antony Preston


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<mask>, also known as <mask> (11 June 1739, Mühlhausen – 27 June 1805, Königsberg), was a German Enlightenment Protestant theologian, mathematician and philosopher. He is best known as a close personal friend and trusted expositor (a person who explains complicated ideas) of Immanuel Kant. <mask> was a Hofprediger (second court chaplain) and Professor of Mathematics at the University of Königsberg. Personal life
<mask> studied theology and mathematics at the Collegium Fridericianum at Königsberg University, where Immanuel Kant lectured, and matriculated on 24 September 1756. Ludwig Borowski, one of Kant's early biographers stated that <mask> was one of the best students of Kant, and this is often repeated in the literature, but <mask> denied ever having attended a lecture. <mask> initially worked as a private tutor within Königsberg before undertaking employment as a pastor in Starkenberg between 1766 and 1769, taking similar employment at Löwenhagen between 1769 and 1775 before returning in 1775, to Königsberg to work as a Deacon at the Altroßgarten church. On 6 July 1775 he  received his magister degree and on 2 August 1775, he took his examination for promotion of habilitation with a disputation on acoustics.He worked as a lecturer over the winter of 1775 and 1776. In 1777, he was made Hofprediger at Königsberg castle church. <mask>’s appointment as professor of mathematics to the government on 11 August 1786 was recommended by the Königsberg senate, at the same time that Kant was serving as rector at Königsberg. As a Professor of mathematics, he had a duty to provide lectures, which he did in arithmetic and geometry in the summer, and trigonometry and astronomy in the winter. Apart from a lecture series in metaphysics during the first half of his second year, and pedagogy that each professor took turns offering, <mask> offered mathematics lectures, focusing on  pure and applied mathematics: Arithmetic, Geometry, Trigonometry, Algebra, finite and infinite analysis, Astronomy, Mechanics and Optics. <mask> used Christian Wolff's Treatise of Algebra and Leonhard Euler Elements of Algebra (French: Élémens ďalgebre) and his own text for arithmetic, geometry and trigonometry. <mask> first met the philosopher <mask> Fichte between July to October 1791 when <mask> helped Fichte acquire a teaching position close to Danzig.Fichte described <mask> in correspondence as:

He has an angular Prussian face, but honesty and kindness shine forth from it

They continued to write to each other to discuss ideas, even when Fichte left Danzig. The relationship between <mask> and Fichte was more convoluted than it would otherwise be, as <mask>, née Büttner (1751–1795), <mask>’s wife, was romantically linked to Fichte. Fichte left Königsberg sooner than he initially planned. <mask> became friends with Kant late in life. Literature
<mask> published poetry in his early life, and several Latin texts on theology in 1787 and 1791. However, most of his literature was concerned with creation of mathematical texts, including the explanation of Immanuel Kant's new critical system (critical philosophy, transcendental idealism). <mask> wrote and successfully published several mathematical texts including Foundation of Pure Mathematics in 1790, a Brief System of Mathematics first published in 1797 with new editions in 1805 and 1806.However most of his interest was in the work concerning the Parallel Lines Postulate with papers published in 1780, 1784 and 1786. In 1788 he wrote Attempt at a precise theory of the infinite (German: Versuch einer genauen Theorie des Unendlichen) which was an entrant for the 1786 Berlin Academy prize essay question asking for a:

clear and precise theory of mathematical infinity

Although <mask> was unsuccessful in this entry, the essay preceded certain features of Georg Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers. The work, although similar to work undertaken by the mathematicians Wenceslaus <mask> Karsten, Georg Simon Klügel, and <mask> Lambert, would eventually result in the development of non-Euclidean geometry. Bibliography

 (anon. ), Review of Kant’s Inaugural Dissertation, in the Königsbergsche Gelehrte und Politische Zeitungen (22–25 November 1771). Reprinted in Reinhard Brandt (op cit. ), pp.59–66. Transl. by James C. Morrison (op cit. ), pp. 163–70. Vorläufige Anzeige des entdeckten Beweises für die Theorie der Parallellinen (Königsberg, 1780). 2nd ed.: 1786. Entdeckte Theorie der Parallelen, nebst einer Untersuchung über den Ursprung ihrer bisherigen Schwierigkeit (Königsberg: D. C. Kanter, 1784). Erläuterungen über des Herrn Professor Kant Critik der reinen Vernunft (Königsberg: C. G. Dengel, 1784). 2nd ed. : 1791. Transl. by James C. Morrison (op cit.), pp. 3–141. (anon. ), Review of J. A. H. Ulrich, Institutiones logicae et metaphysicae scholae suae scripsit (Jena: Cröker, 1785), in Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung (13 December 1785), pp. 247–49. Translated into English in Brigitte Sassen, tr.and ed., Kant’s Early Critics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 210–14. Darstellung der vollkommenen Evidenz und Schärfe seiner Theorie der Parallelen (Königsberg: G. C. Hartung, 1786). Prüfung der Kantischen Critik der reinen Vernunft, 2 vols. (Königsberg: Hartung, 1789; Nicolovius 1792). Reprinted in Aetas Kantiana, 1968. Other publications
 Reflections on the Empty space.Betrachtungen über den leeren Raum. Königsberg, 1758
 De geometria acustica seu solius auditus ope exercenda. Königsberg, 1775
 De geometria acustica nec non de ratione 0:0 seu basi calculi differentialis. Königsberg, 1787
 Elementa theologiae popularis theoreticae. 1787
 Attempt at a precise theory of the infinite. Versuch einer genauen Theorie des Unendlichen. Königsberg, 1788
 Rudements of Pure Mathematics.Anfangsgründe der reinen Mathesis. Königsberg. 1790
 Elements of Practical Theology. Elementa theologiae practicae. 1791
 Defense of critical letters to Mr Emanuel Kant through his critique of pure reason, primarily against the Bornischen attacks. Vertheidigung der kritischen Briefe an Herrn Emanuel Kant über seine Kritik der reinen Vernunft, vornehmlich gegen die Bornischen Angriffe. Göttingen, 1792
 A Brief Concept of Mathematics.Kurzer Lehrbegriff der Mathematik. Königsberg, 1797, 1805, 1806
 Bd. Kurzer Lehrbegriff der Arithmetik, Geometrie, Trigonometrie und Landmesskunst. Bd. Kurzer Lehrbegriff der mechanischen und optischen Wissenschaften. Popular Foundations of Astronomy. Bd.Populäre Anfangsgründe der Astronomie. Very light and short development of some of the most important mathematical theories. Sehr leichte und Kurze Entwickelung einiger der wichtigsten mathematischen Theorien. Königsberg, 1803
 Foundations of pure mechanics, which are the foundations of pure natural science. Anfangsgründe der reinen Mechanik, die zugleich die Anfangsgründe der reinen Naturwissenschaft sind. Königsberg, 1804

References

1739 births
1805 deaths
People from Bagrationovsky District
People from East Prussia
18th-century German mathematicians
19th-century German mathematicians
18th-century German Christian theologians
19th-century German Christian theologians
German philosophers
18th-century philosophers
19th-century philosophers
University of Königsberg faculty
Enlightenment philosophers
18th-century German writers
18th-century German male writers
19th-century German writers
19th-century German male writers

masks:
Johann Friedrich Schultz
Johann Schultz
Johann Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Johann Gottlieb
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Johanna Eleonore
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Johann Gustav
Johann Heinrich


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<mask> (born October 18, 1981) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox, Texas Rangers, Cleveland Indians and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. <mask> was drafted in the 2003 MLB Draft by the Red Sox. He made his MLB debut with the Red Sox, and was traded to the Rangers in 2007. He signed with the Indians as a free agent before the 2014 season, and was traded to the Angels during the 2015 season. Amateur career
Born in Houston, Texas and raised in Spring, Texas, <mask> played high school baseball with fellow MLB players Chris George and Josh Barfield at Klein High School. At Klein, <mask> led the team to a state title in 1998 as a pitcher and outfielder, earned All-State honors, and was also a USA Today High School All-America Honorable Mention.As a senior, <mask> hit .500 with 12 home runs and 46 RBIs and was also a member of the National Honor Society. <mask> went on to Baylor University, turning down offers from the University of Texas, Rice University, and Texas A&M University. As a freshman, <mask> was the starting right fielder for the Bears, and hit .271 with five home runs. As a sophomore, <mask> hit .318 with six home runs, and hit .413 with 11 home runs in his junior and final season at Baylor. <mask> also played collegiate summer baseball for the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League in 2001 and 2002. Professional career

Minor leagues
<mask> played for the Single-A Lowell Spinners, Single-A Sarasota Red Sox, rookie-level Gulf Coast Red Sox, Double-A Portland Sea Dogs, AFL Peoria Saguaros, and Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox in the Red Sox organization. In 2006 <mask> played 42 games for the Sea Dogs before being promoted to Pawtucket on May 26.While at Portland, <mask> had 47 hits in 172 at-bats (.273 batting average), with 17 doubles, 1 triple, 3 home runs, 25 RBI, and 11 walks. <mask> appeared in 84 games, going 85-for-318 (.267), with 23 doubles, 5 triples, 8 home runs, 44 RBI, and 45 walks. Boston Red Sox (2006-2007)

2006
<mask> made his MLB debut on September 2, 2006. He hit a 1–2 pitch into center field at Fenway Park in his first major league at-bat for his first major league hit (a single) on September 2, 2006. He hit his first MLB home run against New York Yankees pitcher, Jaret Wright, on September 17, 2006, at Yankee Stadium. In 2006, he appeared in 20 games for the Boston Red Sox batting .227 with a home run and 2 RBI. 2007
<mask> began the 2007 season in the minor leagues.During his time in the major leagues with the Red Sox, he played 3 games with a triple in 2 plate appearances (.500 average). Texas Rangers (2007–2013)

2007
On July 31, 2007, <mask> was traded to the Texas Rangers in a package that sent relief pitcher Éric Gagné to Boston. For the rest of the 2007 season, <mask> played 43 games with the Rangers batting .340 with 2 home runs and 14 RBI. Overall in 2007 combined with two teams, <mask> played 46 total games batting .343 with 2 home runs and 14 RBI. 2008
On April 25, 2008, the Rangers beat the Minnesota Twins 6–5 on <mask>'s walk-off RBI single in the bottom of the 10th. It was <mask>'s first career walk-off hit. On August 1, 2008, <mask> capped a 3-run rally in the bottom of the 9th, hitting a walk-off 2-RBI single off B. J. Ryan as the Rangers beat the Toronto Blue Jays 9–8.In 2009 <mask> hit a walk-off single against Houston Astros closer, José Valverde. On August 7, 2008, <mask> was placed on the 15-day DL after suffering a knee injury in a collision at home plate with Iván Rodríguez of the New York Yankees. <mask> did not play another game in the 2008 season, when swelling to his knee cut his attempts at rehab short. For the 2008 season, <mask> played in 108 games batting .275 with 15 home runs and 74 RBI. 2009
In 2009, <mask> played in 128 games batting .269 with 17 home runs and 57 RBI. 2010
In 2010, <mask> played in 138 games batting .291 with 12 home runs and 65 RBI. His efforts led to the Rangers entering the World Series for the first time in franchise history but the team would eventually lose the series to the San Francisco Giants.2011

On opening day against the Boston Red Sox, <mask> hit a go-ahead, pinch-hit two-run double in the eighth inning that put the Rangers up, 7–5. Texas went on to win that game, 9–5. Two days later, in his first start of the season, he hit a home run against Clay Buchholz. During the 120 games <mask> played in during the 2011 season, he batted .275 and finished with 11 home runs and 46 RBI. In Game 7 of the 2011 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, <mask> was the final out of the series, flying out to Allen Craig in left field. <mask>'s out resulted in the Rangers losing their second straight World Series appearance. 2012
<mask> finished the 2012 season with a .304 batting average while slugging 15 home runs and 61 RBI in 147 games.His 4.0 WAR was the highest mark of his career. 2013
<mask> began the season as the starting left fielder. Jeff Baker was his backup throughout most of the season. In September, Craig Gentry and Jim Adduci took most of the starts in left with Gentry starting all of the final 10 games, while <mask> saw a lot of time pinch-hitting. In 142 games (114 starts), <mask> hit .220/.282/.374 with 13 HR and 45 RBI in a down year from 2012. <mask> made his major league pitching debut on June 4, 2013 against the Boston Red Sox when he took the mound in the eighth inning of a 17-5 rout of the Rangers in an effort to save the bullpen. <mask> notched his first major league strikeout and was the only Rangers pitcher to record a scoreless inning that evening.Cleveland Indians

On November 20, 2013, <mask> signed a 2-year, $12 million contract with the Cleveland Indians. The news was first broken by his youngest daughter, Faith. He was involved in the second known occurrence in MLB history of two balls in play simultaneously when he was confused by a ball accidentally thrown from the Cincinnati Reds' bullpen and tagged out before sliding back to third base in the seventh inning of a 9–2 Indians loss at Progressive Field on August 5, 2014. Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

On July 28, 2015, the Indians traded <mask> to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in exchange for minor league shortstop Eric Stamets. He played in 48 games for the Angels and recorded a batting average of .265, with five home runs, 16 runs scored, and 23 RBIs. Return to the Red Sox

On February 29, 2016, the Boston Red Sox signed <mask> to a minor league deal. He was released on March 28, 2016.Minnesota Twins

On April 14, 2016, the Minnesota Twins signed <mask> to a minor league deal, but on the 25th, <mask> announced his retirement from baseball. Broadcasting career
Since retiring from baseball, <mask> has worked as a broadcaster for Fox Sports Southwest. He has appeared as an analyst on Rangers LIVE pre and post game shows. He has also worked as a color commentator on Frisco RoughRiders broadcasts. References

External links

Baseball Prospectus card PECOTA

1981 births
Living people
People from Spring, Texas
Baseball players from Houston
Major League Baseball outfielders
Boston Red Sox players
Texas Rangers players
Cleveland Indians players
Los Angeles Angels players
Baylor Bears baseball players
All-American college baseball players
Wareham Gatemen players
Gulf Coast Red Sox players
Lowell Spinners players
Sarasota Red Sox players
Portland Sea Dogs players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Peoria Saguaros players
Oklahoma RedHawks players
Rochester Red Wings players
Klein High School alumni
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Texas Rangers (baseball) announcers
Minor League Baseball broadcasters

masks:
David Matthew Murphy
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<mask> (born 1959) is an Irish writer and poet. Life and work
Born in 1959 in Newcastle West, Co Limerick, Medbh now lives in Dublin. She is known as a performative poet and much of her focus has been on live performance since the 1990s, when she was a pioneer in the Irish performance renascence. She has published eight poetry collections and a mixed genre work, as well as three e-novels. She has won awards, including the Single Poem Prize Listowel Writers’ Week 2016, for 'Easter 2016,' and her verse fantasy, Parvit of Agelast, was shortlisted for the Pigott Poetry Prize in 2017. She has been awarded a bursary from the Irish Arts Council, and has had several school residencies. Bibliography
Imbolg.(Dublin: Arlen House, 2020)
Parvit of Agelast: A Verse Fantasy. (Dublin: Arlen House, 2016)
Pagan to the Core (Dublin, Arlen House, 2014)
Savage Solitude: Reflections of a Reluctant Loner (Dublin: Dedalus Press, 2013)
Twelve Beds for the Dreamer (Dublin, Arlen House, 2010)
When the Air Inhales You (Galway, Arlen House, 2009)
Split in ¡Divas!. (Galway: Arlen House, 2003)
CD: Out of My Skin Dublin: Odin Poetries, 2002
Tenant (The Cliffs of Moher, Salmon Poetry, 1999)
The Making of a Pagan (Belfast, Blackstaff Press, 1990)

E-Books
 The 13th Cone (2014)
 The Coal-black Sea (2013)
 The Body Coat (2013)
Máighréad Medbh: Smashwords Page

Film Collaborations
With artist Bernie Masterson--
 Flight. Winner of the Janet Mullarney Prize 2020
 Bold Writing. Selected for screening by MExIndex 2020
Flight screenings:
Lacuna Festivals 2021 International, Contemporary Art Festival: Distance (02-07-2021); MESA Magazine online launch (27-03-2021); The Royal Ulster Academy Annual Exhibition (18-10-2020); Contemporary Irish Arts Center Los Angeles, CIACLA  (24-09-2020). Flight was winner of the Inaugural Janet Mullarney Prize, curated by Joy Gerrard, Séan Kissane, and Jerome O Drisceoil for the Highlanes Gallery, Drogheda (06-07-2020), and has been acquired by The Highlanes for its permanent collection. Bold Writing screenings:
Mexindex 2020, curated by Richard Ashrowan (18-12-2020); as part of Homeland: ‘On Changing Your Mind’, at: Instituto Cervantes, Dublin (24-11-2019), the LOOP Festival, Barcelona (22-11-2019), and Damer House Gallery, Roscrea (10-08-2019); Glitch Festival, Digital Traces, (17-05-2017); Discover Hidden Gems, MFA Group Show, The Annex, 101 -103 James St, Dublin (06-07-2016).For Children
 The Rescue, a four-part serialised story for children, set to music by Fergal Carroll, was broadcast on Ireland’s Lyric FM radio station in December 2007 and December 2008. Translations
English versions of original poems in Galician and Arabic have been included in the following anthologies:
 Migrant Shores: Irish, Moroccan & Galician Poetry. Edited by Manuela Palacios. Co. Clare: Salmon Poetry, 2017
 Forked Tongues: Galician, Basque and Catalan Women’s Poetry in Translations by Irish Writers. Edited by Manuela Palacios. Bristol: Shearsman Books, 2012
 To The Winds Our Sails: Irish Writers Translate Galician Poetry. Edited by Mary O’Donnell and Manuela Palacios.Co. Clare: Salmon Poetry, 2010

Anthologies in which work has been published
 Reading the Future: New Writing from Ireland. Dublin: Arlen House, 2018
 Washing Windows? Irish Women Write Poetry. Dublin: Arlen House, 2017
 Stony Thursday Book 2015. Edited by Mary O’Donnell. Limerick Arts Office, 2015
 And Agamemnon Dead: An Anthology of Early Twenty First Century Irish Poetry. Edited by Peter O’Neill & Walter Ruhlmann.Paris: Muavaise Graine, 2015
 Dream of a City: An Anthology of Contemporary Poetry from Limerick City of Culture. 2014. Astrolabe Press, 2014
 The Stony Thursday Book No. 13, Autumn 2014. Edited by Peter Sirr. Limerick Arts Office, 2014
 What We Found There: Poets Respond to the Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland. Edited by Theo Dorgan.Dublin: Dedalus Press, 2013
 The Stony Thursday Book No. 12. Edited by Paddy Bushe. Limerick Arts Office, 2013
 The Blue Max Review. Rebel Poetry, Fermoy International Poetry Festival, 2013
 Shine On. Edited by Pat Boran. Dublin: Dedalus Press, 2011
 Dogs Singing.Edited by Jessie Lendennie. Co. Clare: Salmon Poetry, 2010
 Salmon: A Journey in Poetry. Edited by Jessie Lendennie. Co. Clare: Salmon Poetry, 2007
 Something Beginning with P. Edited by Seamus Cashman. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 2004
 Forgotten Light. Edited by Louise C. Callaghan. Dublin: A.& A. Farmar, 2003
 The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing: Volumes IV & V: Irish Women's Writing and Traditions. Edited by Angela Bourke et al. Cork: Cork University Press, 2002
 Short Fuse: The Global Anthology of New Fusion Poetry. Edited by Todd Swift & Philip Norton. New York: Rattapallax Press, 2002
 The White Page / An Bhileog Bhán. Edited by Joan McBreen. Galway: Salmon Publishing, 1999
 An Cloigeann is a Luach / What Worth the Head.Edited by Evelyn Conlon. Limerick: Limerick County Council, 1998
 Nautilus Literarischer Taschenkalender 1996. Edited by Jürgen Schneider, Hamburg: Nautilus, 1996
 Poems in My Earphone. Collected by John Agard. Harlow, Essex: Longman Literature, 1995
 Hearsay: Performance Poems Plus. Compiled by Paul Beasley. London: Bodley Head Children's Books, 1994
 Ireland's Women: Writings Past and Present.Selected by Katie Donovan, A. Norman Jeffares & Brendan Kennelly. Dublin: Gill & MacMillan, 1994
 The Popular Front of Contemporary Poetry. Edited by Paul Beasley. London: Apples & Snakes, 1992
 I Wouldn't Thank you for a Valentine. Edited by Carol Ann Duffy. London: Viking / Penguin 1992
 The Virago Book of Wicked Verse. Edited by Jill Dawson.London: Virago, 1992
 Irrlandt, Ireland, Irland. ed. Jürgen Schneider. Berlin: Druckhaus Galrev, 1992

Prose and Essay
 Monthly Blog on Website 2012-2020
 Prose piece in New Planet Cabaret, ed. Dave Lordan. Dublin: RTE, 2013
 Essay included in Irish Spirit, ed. Patricia Monahan.Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 2001

References

Irish women poets
1959 births
People from County Limerick
Living people
20th-century Irish poets
21st-century Irish poets
20th-century Irish women writers
21st-century Irish women writers


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Sir <mask>, 4th Baronet (5 November 1906 – 9 February 1996) was a British educational pioneer and a founding father of the New Age movement. In 1942, after listening to a lecture by Dr Walter Stein, a student of Rudolf Steiner, he transitioned from being agnostic to a new age spiritual thinker, and even studied anthroposophy in the coming years. He first became a History teacher at Gordonstoun School, pioneering radical education methods. After World War II, in 1948, he became the Warden at Attingham Park, a pioneering adult education college in Shropshire, from where he retired in 1971 to found the Wrekin Trust, an educational charity. He was subsequently associated with the Soil Association, the Findhorn Foundation, the Teilhard de Chardin Society and the Essene Network. In the last 15 years of his life he was the focus of many lecture tours and meetings. He also wrote numerous books, including A Vision of the Aquarian Age (1977), Operation Redemption (1981), Summons to a High Crusade (1985) and finally Exploration into God (1991).He was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1982 for "educating the adult spirit to a new non-materialistic vision of human nature." Early life and education
Trevelyan was the eldest child of Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet, and Mary Katherine Bell, a younger half-sister of Gertrude Bell and the daughter of Sir Thomas Bell, 2nd Baronet. He was proud of this ancestry, which he imagined linked him to Sir Trevillian, one of King Arthur's knights, who swam ashore on horseback when Lyonesse finally sank. Legend says that Sir Trevillian emerged with a mighty effort from the waves and landed safely on the dry land of Cornwall. He grew up in his family's Northumberland home, Wallington Hall, which his father gave to the National Trust, effectively disinheriting Trevelyan. He studied at Sidcot School, a Quaker school in Somerset. In 1925, he went to read history at Trinity College, Cambridge, in accordance with family tradition.Whilst there he began his 42-year-long association with the famous 'Trevelyan Man Hunt', an extraordinary annual event which involved a chase on foot over the wild Lakeland fells, with human 'hunters' hunting after human 'hares'. This energetic event was started in 1898 by Trevlyan's historian uncle G. M. Trevelyan and the Wynthrop Youngs, and still continues today, as a kind of hide and seek game without dogs or weapons. Career
After leaving Cambridge, Trevelyan went on to teach at Gordonstoun, which at that time was a school pioneering a radical education. Later, he became involved as a teacher of the Alexander Technique for postural integration, and apprenticed himself to a furniture designer and master craftsman in wood, Peter Waals, working at Waals' workshop in the Cotswold hills. Trevelyan himself made many fine pieces of furniture, including a bed in which he finally died, as he wished. In 1931, Trevelyan took the first class F. Matthias Alexander gave for future teachers of the Alexander Technique. In 1942, after hearing a lecture given by Dr Walter Stein, a student of Rudolf Steiner, Trevelyan discovered a spiritual world-view.During his lifetime he explored beliefs in angels, the calming effects of crystals and the power of ley lines, alongside organic farming and communal living. In 1947, after his wartime military service, Trevelyan was appointed Warden and Principal of Attingham Park, an adult training college in Shropshire, where he carried out his pioneering work in the teaching of spiritual knowledge as adult education. The courses ranged from chamber music and drama onto esoteric subjects such as 'Finding the Inner Teacher' and 'Holistic Vision'. The latter attracting large numbers of participants, many of them from other countries as well as Britain. The college was jointly sponsored by the local authority and the University of Birmingham, both of whom looked askance at Trevelyan's attraction towards the mystical; and so it took immense moral courage, for instance, for him to present a course on 'Death and Becoming', a subject that was in those days virtually taboo. He was involved in the establishment of the Findhorn Foundation, the Gatekeeper Trust, and through his friendship with Wellesley Tudor Pole, the Chalice Well and the Lamplighter Movement. In 1971, he set up the Wrekin Trust to promote spiritual education and knowledge

In 1982, he was a recipient of the Right Livelihood Award.Personal life
He married Helen Lindsay-Smith (died 1994) in 1940, and the couple had an adopted daughter. Bibliography
Twelve Seats at the Round Table (written with Edward Matchett) (1976, Neville Spearman)
The Active Eye in Architecture (1977, Wrekin Trust, also illustrated by Trevelyan. Now available online only)
A Tent in Which To Pass A Summer Night (written with Belle Valerie Gaunt) (1977, Coventure)
A Vision of the Aquarian Age (1977, Coventure UK and 1984, Stillpoint USA, now available online only)
Magic Casements – The Use of Poetry in the Expanding of Consciousness (1980, Coventure and republished 1996, Gateway Books, now available online only). Includes poems by various authors, and much of the Trevelyan text previously published in A Tent in Which To Pass A Summer's Night
Operation Redemption: A Vision Of Hope In An Age Of Turmoil (1981, Turnstone)
The Pattern of Initiation in the Evolution of Human Consciousness (written with Peter Dawkins). (Francis Bacon Research Trust, 1981). Summons to a High Crusade (1986, Findhorn Press: 12 of Trevelyan's lectures at the Findhorn Foundation)
Exploration into God: A Personal Quest For Spiritual Unity (1991, Gateway Books, now available online only)
Aquarian Redemption: A Trilogy (1994, Stillpoint. Slipcase bound edition collecting together A Vision Of The Aquarian Age, Operation Redemption & Exploration Into God)
Sir <mask> And The New Spiritual Awakening (biography of Trevelyan by Frances Farrer, 2002, Floris Books)
Awakening Consciousness (selected lectures of Trevelyan compiled by Keith Armstrong, 2008, Godstow Press)

References

External links
Sir <mask> Trevelyan, homepage
 Wrekin Trust, website
Gatekeeper Trust

New Age writers
1906 births
1996 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
British furniture designers
Scottish schoolteachers
Findhorn community

masks:
George Lowthian Trevelyan
George Tyan
George


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<mask>'Argenson (Saint-Pierre-d'Argençon, 11 March 1734 – Toulon, 10 September 1792)  was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning a membership in the Society of Cincinnati and the Order of Saint Louis. Biography
Flotte was born to an old noble family from Gap. In 1750, Flotte served as Page to the King, and as Lieutenant in the Régiment de Belzunce in 1753, before joining the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 4 July 1754. He was part of the élite Garde du Pavillon. In 1755, he served on Entreprenant for a mission to Canada in the squadron under <mask> la Motte, and later the same year, on Galatée. He was promoted to Ensign in April 1756, and served in the Eastern Mediterranean.In July, he was appointed to the 64-gun Vaillant, under Choiseul, to support La Galissonière. He then served on the 66-gun Hercule from 9 November to 10 December 1757, and on Oriflamme from 30 January to 17 February 1758, although Oriflamme never managed to get a sufficient complement and cancelled her mission. He then served on the frigate Chimère, tasked with returning Turkish prisoners to Constantinople. In 1759, he was on the 64-gun Modeste, and he took part in the Battle of Lagos on 18 and 19 August. <mask>ste attempted to seek shelter in neutral Portuguese waters, but British admiral Boscawen violated that neutrality and captured Modeste and Souverain. Flotte was taken prisoner but immediately released, and he returned to Toulon commanding the brig Saint Paul. From 1759 to 1763, Flotte served on light units in the Mediterranean, escorting merchantmen and chasing Barbary corsairs.In 1763, he served on Pléïade for a raid against the Salé Rovers. Pléïade patrolled between Oran and Algiers, along with the xebecs Singe and Caméléon. On 15 July 1763, Singe mistakenly engaged a galiot from Algiers, which she mistook for a Salé rover. Pléïade intervened fired two broadsides into the galiot, which sank with all hands before the error was realised. This triggered a diplomatic incident and Captain Fabry had to negotiate a resolution to the crisis. Flotte was promoted to Lieutenant on 27 November 1765. he served on Singe under Suffren, and on Atalante, under Forbin d'Oppède, taking part in the Tunis expedition of 1770. In 1771, he was made a Knight in the Order of Saint-Louis.He cruised the Eastern Mediterranean on the frigate Mignonne between 1773 and 1774,  again under Suffren. On 29 September 1775, Flotte married his cousin Thérèse <mask>. Around that time, started reading the works of Rousseau and adhere to the ideological framework of the Lumières. In 1777, Flotte was given command of a company of naval riflemen on the 64-gun Fantasque, under Suffren, but that unit was replaced by a regular infantry and Flotte did not embark. He was then given his first command, the sloop Éclair. On 3 October 1777, Éclair captured a merchantman laden with British goods, and on 22, a British privateer. In January 1778, while returning from escort duty, Éclair met three British ships, including one privateer.Seeing Éclair preparing to attack, the privateer retreated, leaving two merchantmen unprotected. Éclair promptly captured them. Flotte gave chase to the privateer, but she was a better sailship and managed to escape. In March 1779, Flotte arrived a Toulon with his prizes, and wrote a report to Navy Minister Sartine, complete with suggestions to improve the speed of Éclair that his unsuccessful chase had inspired. On 13 March 1779, <mask> was promoted to Captain, and given commander of the frigate Aurore. He took part in the blockade of Mahón, and captured a neutral Swedish merchantman, we he brought to Toulon. The prize was found unlawful and released.Flotte then cruised off Algiers, where he captured four British privateers, which he brought to Toulon on 20 August. Flotte returned to Algiers, escorting a merchantman. While he was ashore paying a diplomatic visit to the Dey, a four-ship British convoy appeared. Flotte hastily returned to Aurore and gave chase. She soon caught up with her quarries and brought them to Algiers. The British claimed that the capture had occurred in neutral waters and was therefore illegal. Algerian tribunals ruled in favour of the French.In October, Aurore departed Marseille, escorting a 26-ship convoy bound for Martinique, ferrying supplies for the French colonies of the Caribbeans and for the division under Chef d'Escadre Lamotte-Picquet, as well as diplomat Gérard <mask>. On 30 November, off Mahón, he had to repel an attack by five British privateers. Arriving in Saint Lucia channel, the body of water between the islands of Saint Lucia and Martinique, the convoy met a 13-ship British squadron under Admiral <mask>. The British gave chase, and Flotte opened fire, still out of range, as to warn the French forces at Martinique. Lamotte scrambled to cover the escape of the convoy, leading to the Battle of Martinique. After the battle, Governor Bouillé blamed Flotte for choosing Saint Lucie channel over Saint Dominique channel, and consequently Flotte was not among those distinguished for the action. Flotte's mission as captain of Aurore ended on 12 May 1780.In 1781, <mask> was given command of the frigate Lutine, escorting convoys in the Eastern Mediterranean and calling Marseille, Malta, Smyrna and Foilleri. Lutine departed on 7 October, along with Pléïade and Montréal. She arrived at the Golden Horn on 10 November, where Pléïade detached to sail to Thessaloniki with a part of the convoy, and Montréal to Constantinople, while Lutine continued to Smyrna. After waiting for a return convoy to assemble, he departed for Toulon on 21 March, leading 69 merchantmen. Bad weather forced the convoy to seek shelter in Kolori harbour, near Athens. At Athens, Flotte procured supplies for the crew of his convoy. Turkish officials then offered a number of sheep, and in the ensuing exchange of counter-gift, Flotte offered is watch and pistols, and was gifted an antique Classical Greek relief.He departed Athens on 7 May, called Malta on 27, and arrived at Marseille in the evening of 20 June 1782. After returning to Toulon, Flotte reported the acquisition of the relief to Navy Minister Castries, who suggested presenting it to Louis XVI. In August 1782, Flotte was given command of the 74-gun Destin, succeeding Goimpy, and sailed to Cadiz to reinforce the fleet under Córdova. He led a division comprising the 64-gun Provence and Éveillé, and the frigate Précieuse. Flotte was promoted to Brigadier on 1 January 1785. He was given command of the 20-gun corvette Favorite in the Escadre d'évolution, and was present at Cherbourg naval base when Louis XVI visited it in April 1786. Flotte was promoted to Chef de Division in May 1786.He became the commander of the French division off Western Africa until 1787, with his flag on the 40-gun Junon. The division also comprised the frigate Cérès and the cutter Malin, under Lieutenant d'Orvilliers. He departed Rochefort on 14 November 1786. Soon afterwards, a nine-day storm scattered the division. Cérès and Junon regrouped on 21, but Malin did not reappear. She had been wrecked in Bay of Biscay. From January 1787, Flotte made efforts to develop slaving outposts and factories on the coast, but failed.He returned to Toulon after 85 days, on 8 September 1787. By 1 October 1789, Flotte was at Toulon, under <mask> Rions, as general officer commanding the Navy in Toulon. Flotte lead the second Division of the Seventh Squadron. The life of the workers of the arsenal was dire: their pay very low, they were liable to find employment only one out of two or three days, and due to the financial crisis they were also often paid only with delay. The bad harvest of 1789 and harsh winter that year compounded the issue by raising prices, and the ensuing misery yielded unrest. <mask> Rions reacted with rigidity and scorn, alienating the workers, and in December, a riot let to his transfer to Brest. <mask>, who had a reputation as a Liberal, replaced him as commander of the naval forces stationed at Toulon.<mask> was promoted to Contre-amiral on 1 July 1792. On 10 September 1792, rioting workers of the port seized <mask> and hanged him, next to the door of Toulon arsenal. Sources and references
 Notes

References

 Bibliography

  (1671-1870)

External links

French Navy officers
1734 births
1792 deaths

masks:
Joseph de Flotte d
Dubois de
Mode
de Vitalis
Flotte
de Rayneval
Hyde Parker
Flotte
Albert de
Albert de
Flotte
Flotte
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<mask> (1891 – 1972) was an Indian theatre director. He was one of the pioneers and most prolific contributors to Kannada theatre. He established the drama company, Gubbi Sree Channabasaveshwara Nataka Company, which played a crucial role in promoting the Kannada theatre field. He has been conferred the title Nataka Ratna meaning "A Precious Jewel" in the theatre world. Gubbi Veeranna Nataka Company is the first theatre company in Karnataka to employ female artists to portray female characters on the stage. Elephants and horses were also brought on stage in war scenes of Kurukshetra. There is a popular saying that the story of <mask>'s company is itself the story of the Kannada theatre, which indicates the popularity of this company in the theatre world.Apart from theatre, <mask> <mask> has also produced films and acted in them as well. In 1955, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for acting, given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama, and the highest Indian recognition given to practising artists. The Government of India awarded him the fourth-highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 1972, for his contributions to arts. Biography
<mask> <mask> was born in the village Gulaganjihalli, Near Gubbi in the Tumkur district of Karnataka in the year 1891. He started a drama company called Gubbi Shree Channa Basaveshwara Nataka Company and started producing plays in which he also acted sometimes. He had four wives, three of them being Sundaramma, Bhadramma and B. Jayamma. He had an unnerving commitment towards the theatre.An incident to corroborate this is when his second wife Sundaramma, who was also an artist with the company, died on the stage while enacting a play. It is said that <mask> <mask> who was also acting in the play along with his children, did not stop the play but allowed it to continue till the end. He and his children attended to her dead body only after the play stopped. <mask> also is credited for having groomed Rajkumar, Narasimharaju, Balakrishna, G.V.Iyer, B. V. Karanth, Master Hirannaiah and many more artists. He not only helped them with their careers in the theatre field but also provided them with other financial help. As an example, <mask> provided a financial contribution towards B. V. Karanth's graduation and master's degree at Banaras Hindu University. <mask> had 37 grandchildren including B. Jayashree and Vyjayanthi Kashi.Theatre company
Initially located in Gubbi, the company started to travel to different places and stage plays in those locations. The company had a troupe of more than 150 artists and backstage workers. Some popular plays staged by the company included Sadaarame and Yechamma Nayaka. These plays consisted of innovations like trick scenes, floods, clouds and rain. In those days, dramas used were staged for free with people only paying according to their liking at the end of the drama. However, <mask> Veeranna's dramas were an exception with people willing to buy tickets to watch them. Most of the actors and actresses that entered the Kannada cinema world in those days were from this drama company.Later the company opened branches in different places. An important branch of the company was the Mysore branch which staged popular plays and the finances generated from this branch actually sustained the whole company. The humorist Hirannaiah was one of the persons responsible for the popularity of the Mysore branch. <mask> <mask>'s company first came to Bangalore in the year 1916. Later <mask> <mask> Veeranna company was Rajkumar. Rajkumar's father Singanallur Puttaswamiah was an actor in the company and Rajkumar and his brother joined the company as child artistes.Rajkumar actually attributed his command over the Kannada language and his singing skills to the training he underwent under the watchful eyes of <mask> <mask>. Film production
<mask> <mask> also started Karnataka Gubbi Productions which was a company to produce films. He first produced Sadarame in 1935, in which he acted in the lead role. The film had C.I.D. Sakunthala, Ashwathama and B. Jayamma in the cast and was directed by Raja Chandrasekar. He then produced Subhadra which had Honnappa Bhagavathar in the lead. In 1942, he produced Jeevana Nataka with Kemraj Urs in the lead.He again acted in the lead role in the film Hemareddy Mallamma, in 1945. He produced Sathya Shodhanai in 1953, which was a Tamil Film and had again starred Honnappa Bhagavathar. Karnataka Gubbi Productions was later called as The Karnataka Films Ltd., it is attributed to have started the film career of Rajkumar when it agreed to offer him the lead role in his first film Bedara Kannappa. He has also produced silent movies like His Love Affair which was directed by a foreigner, Raphel Algoet. In this film, the lead role of the actor was played by <mask> Veeranna himself and the actress was none other than his wife, Jayamma. In 1956, he produced Sadaarme, which had T.N. Balakrishna in lead and also had Kalyan Kumar.It was the remake of 1936 movie with the same name. In 1959, he produced Sahodhari, a Tamil Film which had K. Balaji in the Lead. Filmography

Recognition
The Karnataka government has instituted the Gubbi Veeranna award for excellence in theatre in his memory. Notes

Indian theatre directors
1890 births
1974 deaths
People from Tumkur
Kannada dramatists and playwrights
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Male actors in Kannada cinema
Indian male film actors
Indian male dramatists and playwrights
Male actors from Karnataka
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
Dramatists and playwrights from Karnataka
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
20th-century Indian male actors
Film producers from Karnataka
Kannada film producers
20th-century Indian male writers

masks:
Gubbi Hampanna Veeranna
Gubbi Veeranna
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi
Veeranna
Veeranna
Veeranna
Veeranna
Gubbi
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi
Veerannabi
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi


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<mask> (; born 22 November 1940) is an American-born British film director, screenwriter, animator, actor, comedian and former member of the Monty Python comedy troupe. <mask> has directed 13 feature films, including Time Bandits (1981), Brazil (1985), The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), The Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1995), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), The Brothers Grimm (2005), Tideland (2005), and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009). The only Monty Python member not born in Britain, he became a naturalised British subject in 1968 and formally renounced his American citizenship in 2006. <mask> was born in Minnesota, but spent his high school and college years in Los Angeles. He started his career as an animator and strip cartoonist. He joined Monty Python as the animator of their works, but eventually became a full member and was given acting roles. He became a feature film director in the 1970s.Most of his films explore the theme of imagination and its importance to life, express his opposition to bureaucracy and authoritarianism, and feature characters facing dark or paranoid situations. His own scripts feature black comedy and tragicomedic elements, as well as surprise endings. In 1988, <mask> and the other Monty Python members received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema. In 2009, <mask> received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement. Early life
<mask> was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Beatrice (née Vance) and James Hall <mask>. His father was a travelling salesman for Folgers before becoming a carpenter. Soon after, they moved to nearby Medicine Lake, Minnesota.In 1952, the family moved to the Los Angeles neighborhood of Panorama City. <mask> attended Birmingham High School, where he was the president of his class and senior prom king, and was voted "Most Likely to Succeed" having achieved straight A grades. During high school, he began to avidly read Mad magazine, then edited by Harvey Kurtzman, which would later influence <mask>'s work. <mask> graduated from Occidental College in 1962 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science. In 2003 he told Salman Rushdie about defining experiences in the 1960s that set the foundations for his views on the world:

Career

Animation
<mask> began his career as an animator and strip cartoonist. One of his early photographic strips for the US magazine Help! featured future Python cast member John Cleese.When Help! folded, <mask> went to Europe, jokingly announcing in the final issue that he was "being transferred to the European branch" of the magazine, which did not exist. Moving to England, he animated sequences for the children's series Do Not Adjust Your Set which ran from 1967 to 1969, and which also featured Eric Idle, <mask>, and Michael Palin. Monty Python

<mask> was a member of Monty Python's Flying Circus from its outset, credited at first as an animator (his name was listed separately after the other five in the closing credits) and later as a full member. His cartoons linked the show's sketches together and defined the group's visual language in other media, such as LP and book covers and the title sequences of their films. His animations mix his own art, characterised by soft gradients and odd, bulbous shapes, with backgrounds and moving cutouts from antique photographs, mostly from the Victorian era. In 1978, <mask> published Animations of Mortality, an illustrated, tongue-in-cheek, semi-autobiographical how-to guide to his animation techniques and the visual language in them.<mask> co-directed Monty Python and the Holy Grail with <mask>; <mask> was responsible for photography, while Jones guided the actors' performances. He also appeared in several sketches, though he rarely had main roles and did considerably less acting in the sketches. <mask> did, however, have some notable sketch roles, such as Cardinal Fang of the Spanish Inquisition; the bespectacled commenter who said, "I can't add anything to that!" in the sketch "Election Night Special"; Kevin Garibaldi, the brat on the couch shouting "I want more beans!" in the sketch "Most Awful Family in Britain 1974" (episode 45); the Screaming Queen in a cape and mask in "The Visitors"; and Percy Bysshe Shelley in "Ant Poetry Reading". More frequently, he played parts that no one else wanted to play, generally because they required a lot of makeup or uncomfortable costumes, such as a recurring knight in armour who ended sketches by walking on and hitting one of the other characters over the head with a plucked chicken. He took a number of  roles in the films, including both Patsy and The Old Man From Scene 24 in Monty Python and the Holy Grail and the jailer in Monty Python's Life of Brian.He also designed the covers of most of the Monty Python albums, including Another Monty Python Record, The Monty Python Matching Tie and Handkerchief, Monty Python Live at Drury Lane, and all of their film soundtrack albums. Katy Hepburn, a freelance designer and graduate of the Royal College of Art in London, also worked with <mask>. Directing

With the gradual breakup of the Python troupe between Life of Brian in 1979 and The Meaning of Life in 1983, <mask> became a screenwriter and director, building upon the experience he had acquired during the making of Monty Python and the Holy Grail. He says he used to think of his films in terms of trilogies, starting with Time Bandits: the "Trilogy of Imagination" (written by <mask>) about "the ages of man" in Time Bandits (1981), Brazil (1985), and The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988). All are about the "craziness of our awkwardly ordered society and the desire to escape it through whatever means possible." All three movies focus on these struggles and attempts to escape them through imagination; Time Bandits through the eyes of a child, Brazil through the eyes of a man in his thirties, and Munchausen, through the eyes of an elderly man. In the summer of 1986, he cut away ties from Arnon Milchan and 20th Century Fox started directing the latter through his own new Prominent Films banner independently.In the 1990s, <mask> directed a trilogy of Americana: The Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1995), and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), which played on North American soil and, while still surreal, had fewer fantastical plots than his previous trilogy. Themes and philosophy

As for his philosophical background in screenwriting and directing, <mask> said on the TV show First Hand on RoundhouseTV, "There's so many film schools, so many media courses which I actually am opposed to. Because I think it's more important to be educated, to read, to learn things, because if you're gonna be in the media and if you'll have to say things, you have to know things. If you only know about cameras and 'the media', what're you gonna be talking about except cameras and the media? So it's better learning about philosophy and art and architecture [and] literature, these are the things to be concentrating on it seems to me. Then, you can fly...!" <mask>'s films are usually imaginative fantasies.His long-time co-writer Charles McKeown commented, "the theme of imagination, and the importance of imagination, to how you live and how you think and so on ... that's very much a <mask> theme." Most of <mask>'s films include plotlines that seem to occur partly or completely in the characters' imaginations, raising questions about the definition of identity and sanity. He often shows his opposition to bureaucracy and authoritarian regimes. He also distinguishes "higher" and "lower" layers of society, with a disturbing and ironic style. His films usually feature a fight or struggle against a great power which may be an emotional situation, a human-made idol, or even the person himself, and the situations do not always end happily. There is often a dark, paranoid atmosphere and unusual characters who used to be normal members of society. His scripts feature black comedy and often end with a dark tragicomic twist.<mask> is fascinated with the Baroque period because of the pronounced struggle between spirituality and rationality in that era. There is often a rich baroqueness and dichotomous eclecticism about his films, with, for instance, high-tech computer monitors equipped with low-tech magnifying lenses in Brazil and a red knight covered with flapping bits of cloth in The Fisher King. He also is given to incongruous juxtapositions of beauty and ugliness or antique and modern. Regarding <mask>'s theme of modernity's struggle between spirituality and rationality whereas the individual may become dominated by a tyrannical, soulless machinery of disenchanted society, the film critic Keith James Hamel observed a specific affinity of <mask>'s films with the writings of the historian Arnold Toynbee and the sociologist Max Weber, specifically the latter's concept of the "iron cage" of rationality. Look and style

<mask>'s films have a distinctive look, not only in mise-en-scène but even more so in photography, often recognisable from just a short clip; to create a surreal atmosphere of psychological unrest and a world out of balance, he frequently uses unusual camera angles, particularly low-angle shots, high-angle shots, and Dutch angles. Roger Ebert said that "his world is always hallucinatory in its richness of detail". Most of his movies are shot almost entirely with rectilinear ultra-wide-angle lenses with focal lengths of 28 mm or less to achieve a distinctive style defined by extreme perspective distortion and extremely deep focus.<mask>'s long-time director of photography Nicola Pecorini has said, "with <mask> and me, a long lens means something between a 40 mm and a 65 mm." This attitude markedly differs from the common definition in photography, by which 40 to 65 mm is the focal length of a normal lens, resembling the natural human field of view, unlike <mask>'s signature style, defined by extreme perspective distortion due to his usual choice of focal length. The 14 mm lens has become informally known as "The Gilliam" among filmmakers because of his frequent use of it at least since Brazil. <mask> has explained his preference for using wide-angle lenses in his films:

In another interview, <mask> mentioned, in relation to the 9.8 mm Kinoptic lens he had first used on Brazil, that wide-angle lenses make small film sets "look big". The widest lens he has used so far is an 8 mm Zeiss lens employed in filming The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. Production problems

<mask> has made a few extremely expensive movies beset with production problems. After the lengthy quarrelling with Universal Studios over Brazil, <mask>'s next picture, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, cost around US$46 million, and then earned only about US$8 million in US ticket sales.The film saw no wide domestic release from Columbia Pictures, which was in the process of being sold at the time. In the mid-1990s, <mask> and Charles McKeown developed a script for Time Bandits 2, a project that was never produced because several of the original actors had died. <mask> also attempted to direct a version of Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities, which collapsed due to disagreements over its budget and the choice of a lead actor. <mask> attempted twice to adapt Alan Moore's Watchmen comics into a film, in 1989 and 1996. Both attempts were unsuccessful. <mask> said it was unfilmable. In 1999, <mask> attempted to film The Man Who Killed Don Quixote, budgeted at US$32.1 million, among the highest-budgeted films to use only European financing; but in the first week of shooting, the actor playing Don Quixote (Jean Rochefort) suffered a herniated disc, and a flood severely damaged the set.The film was cancelled, resulting in an insurance claim of US$15 million. Despite the cancellation, the aborted project did yield the documentary Lost in La Mancha, produced from film from a second crew that had been hired by <mask> to document the making of Quixote. After the cancellation, both <mask> and the film's co-lead, Johnny Depp, wanted to revive the project. The insurance company involved in the failed first attempt withheld the rights to the screenplay for several years but the production was restarted in 2008. From 2002 to 2006, <mask> tried to get funding for an adaptation of Good Omens, by <mask> and Neil Gaiman, with Robin Williams and Johnny Depp rumored as possible stars, but movie studios found the apocalyptic theme unacceptable in the wake of the 9/11 terror attacks, and funding never materialized. More recently, unforeseeable problems again befell a <mask> project when the actor Heath Ledger died in New York City during the filming of The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. Abandoned clip art project
Fifteen years after the publication of <mask>'s Animations of Mortality, between the release of the CD-ROM game Monty Python's Complete Waste of Time in 1994, which used many of <mask>'s animation templates, and the making of <mask>'s film Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), <mask> was in negotiations with Enteractive, a software company, to tentatively release in the autumn of 1996 a CD-ROM under the same title as his 1978 book, containing all of his thousands of 1970s animation templates as license-free clip arts for people to create their own flash animations, but the project hovered in limbo for years, probably because Enteractive was about to downsize greatly in mid-1996 and changed its focus from CD-ROM multimedia presentations to internet business solutions and web hosting in 1997 (in the introduction to their 2004 book <mask>iam: Interviews, David Sterrit and Lucille Rhodes claimed that the internet had overwhelmed the "computer-communications market" and gave this as the reason that the Animations of Mortality CD-ROM never materialised).Around the time of <mask>'s film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), the project had changed into the idea of releasing his 1970s animation templates as a license-free download of Adobe After Effects or similar files. Box office
<mask>'s first successful feature, Time Bandits (1981), earned more than eight times its original budget in the United States alone. The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), although commercially unsuccessful, was nominated for four Oscars and won three BAFTA Awards, among several other Prizes in Europe. The Fisher King (1991), his first film not to feature a member of the Monty Python troupe, had a budget of $24 million and grossed more than $41 million at United States box office. 12 Monkeys grossed more than US$168 million worldwide. The Brothers Grimm, despite a mixed critical reception, grossed over US$105 million worldwide. The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, with a budget of $30 million, has been an international commercial success, grossing over $60 million in worldwide theatrical release.According to Box Office Mojo, his films have grossed an average of $21,602,510. Recurring collaborators
<mask>

masks:
Terrence Vance Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Terry Jones
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Terry Jones
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Terry
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Terry
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
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Terry Pratchett
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam
Terry Gill
Gilliam
Gilliam
Gilliam


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 has worked frequently with actors Heath Ledger, Jeff Bridges, Brad Pitt, Johnny Depp, Robin Williams, Christopher Plummer, Katherine Helmond, and Jonathan Pryce. <mask> and Harry Potter
J. K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series, is a fan of <mask>'s work. Consequently, he was Rowling's first choice to direct Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in 2000, but Warner Bros. ultimately chose Chris Columbus for the job. In response to this decision, <mask> said that "I was the perfect guy to do Harry Potter. I remember leaving the meeting, getting in my car, and driving for about two hours along Mulholland Drive just so angry. I mean, Chris Columbus' versions are terrible.Just dull. Pedestrian." In 2006, <mask> said that he found Alfonso Cuarón's Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban to be "really good... much closer to what I would've done." In retrospect, however, <mask> has stated that he wouldn't have liked to direct any Potter film. In a 2005 interview with Total Film, he said that he would not enjoy working on such an expensive project because of interference from studio executives. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, director David Yates paid homage to <mask>'s 1985 film Brazil, portraying the Death Eater–infiltrated Ministry of Magic in a fashion reminiscent of <mask>'s totalitarian bureaucracy. Secret Tournament
In 2002, <mask> directed a series of television advertisements called "Secret Tournament".Part of Nike's 2002 FIFA World Cup campaign, the advertisements feature a secret three-on-three tournament between the world's best football players, including Ronaldo, Ronaldinho and Thierry Henry, who are inside a huge tanker ship. The advertisements are accompanied with a remixed version of the Elvis Presley song "A Little Less Conversation". Slava's Diabolo

In 2006, <mask> directed the stage show Slava's Diabolo, created and staged by the Russian clown artist Slava Polunin. The show combined Polunin's clown style, characterised by deep nonverbal expression and interaction with the audience, with <mask>'s rich visuals and surrealistic imagery. The show premiered at the Noga Hall of the Gesher Theatre in Jaffa, Israel. The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus
The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, directed and co-written by <mask>, was released in 2009. In January 2007, <mask> announced that he had been working on a new project with his writing partner Charles McKeown.One day later, the fansite Dreams reported that the new project was titled The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. In October 2007, Dreams confirmed that this would be <mask>'s next project and was slated to star Christopher Plummer and Tom Waits. Production began in December 2007 in London. On 22 January 2008, production of the film was disrupted following the death of Heath Ledger in New York City. Variety reported that Ledger's involvement had been a "key factor" in the film's financing. Production was suspended indefinitely by 24 January, but in February the actors Johnny Depp, Jude Law, and Colin Farrell signed on to continue Ledger's role, transforming into multiple incarnations of his character in the "magical" world of the film. Thanks to this arrangement the principal photography was completed on 15 April 2008, on schedule.Editing was completed in November 2008. According to the official ParnassusFilm Twitter channel launched on 30 March 2009, the film's post-production FX work finished on 31 March. During the filming, <mask> was accidentally hit by a bus and suffered a broken back. The film had successful screenings including a premiere at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival. The UK release for the film was scheduled for 6 June 2009 but was pushed back to 16 October 2009. The USA release was on 25 December 2009. Eventually, this $30 million-budgeted film had grossed more than $60 million in worldwide theatrical release and received two Academy Award nominations.The film's end credit states that the film is dedicated to the memories of Ledger and William Vince. Depp, Farrell, and Law donated their proceeds from the film to Ledger's daughter. The Zero Theorem
In July 2012, <mask> revealed plans for a film which would be shot in Bucharest, Romania. He denied that it would be Don Quixote but refused to give any further details. The actor David Walliams reportedly entered into talks with <mask> to play a part in it and was told that he'd have to "be willing to work with Johnny Depp and fly to Bucharest where the movie is to be filmed." Depp, to that point, had made no mention of his involvement but was seen in Bucharest around the same time in mid-July as Romanian news outlets reported <mask> was staying in the city for negotiations on studio work with the Romanian film production company MediaPro Studios. On 13 August 2012, this project was announced to be The Zero Theorem, set to start shooting in Bucharest on 22 October, produced by Dean Zanuck (son of the late Richard D. Zanuck, who was originally to produce the film in 2009), with worldwide sales handled by Voltage Pictures, Toronto, and starring the Academy Award–winner Christoph Waltz in the lead (replacing Billy Bob Thornton, who had been attached to the project in 2009).The Zero Theorem premiered at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on 2 September 2013. Opera director
<mask> made his opera debut at London's English National Opera (ENO) in May 2011, directing The Damnation of Faust, by Hector Berlioz. The production received positive reviews in the British press On 16 September 2012, the production opened at the Vlaamse Opera in Ghent, Belgium, in the opera's original French-language version and received praise from critics and audiences alike. After a number of performances in Ghent, the production moved to the opera house in Antwerp for sold-out run of performances. In June 2014, <mask> followed up on his success with Faust with a new ENO production of another opera by Berlioz, the rarely performed Benvenuto Cellini. Projects in development or shelved

<mask> has several projects in various states of development, including an adaptation of Neil Gaiman's and <mask>'s comic fantasy novel Good Omens. Other projects <mask> has been trying to get off the ground since the 1990s are an adaptation of Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities (starring Mel Gibson); an adaptation of Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, which has been adapted as films several times before; and a script entitled The Defective Detective, which <mask> wrote with Richard LaGravenese (who wrote The Fisher King).While promoting the US theatrical release of The Zero Theorem, <mask> revealed he and LaGravenese were meeting to see if The Defective Detective script could be made into a miniseries. If this comes together, it would be the first time <mask> has ever directed for television. Stanley Kubrick had <mask> in mind to direct a sequel to Dr. Strangelove (1964). <mask> also turned down offers to direct such films as Enemy Mine (1985), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), Forrest Gump (1994) and Braveheart (1995). He was even considered to direct The Truman Show (1998). <mask> confirmed in a 2018 interview that he turned down the offer to direct one of the sequels to Alien (1979), though he did not specify which one of them. It was rumoured that <mask> may direct or be involved in the production of the animated band Gorillaz movie.In a September 2006 interview with Uncut, Damon Albarn was reported to have said, "we're making a film. We've got <mask> involved." However, in a more recent interview with Gorillaz-Unofficial, Jamie Hewlett, the co-creator of the band, stated that since the time of the previous interview, Damon's and his own interest in the film had lessened. In an August 2008 Observer interview, Gorillaz band members Albarn and Hewlett revealed the nature and title of the project, Journey to the West, a film adaptation of the opera of the same name, based on a 16th-century Chinese adventure story also known as Monkey. In January 2008, while on set of The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, <mask> stated that he was looking forward to the project, "But I'm still waiting to see a script!" The Man Who Killed Don Quixote
After regaining the rights to the screenplay of The Man Who Killed Don Quixote, <mask> restarted preproduction in 2008, with Johnny Depp still attached to the project. The film was to be reshot completely, with Rochefort's role recast.Michael Palin reportedly entered into talks with <mask> about stepping in for Rochefort and playing Don Quixote. However, <mask> revealed on the Canadian talk show The Hour on 17 December 2009 that Robert Duvall had been cast to play Quixote, before the film was postponed once again. In January 2014, <mask> wrote on Facebook that "Dreams of Don Quixote have begun again". At the Cannes Film Festival in 2016, it was confirmed that The Man Who Killed Don Quixote was going to be made, with Michael Palin and Adam Driver in starring roles. In March 2017, filming finally began, with Driver and Jonathan Pryce starring. On 4 June 2017, <mask> announced that the shooting of the film was complete. The film premiered on 19 May 2018 as the closing film of the 2018 Cannes Film Festival (where it received a standing ovation), and was released in French theatres the same day.Future projects

On 16 December 2010, Variety reported that <mask> was to "godfather" a film called 1884, described as an animated steampunk parody of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, with several former Pythons lending their voices to the project; <mask> was to be credited as "creative advisor". During the second half of 2011, <mask> and Paul Auster wrote a screenplay for a film adaptation of Auster's novel Mr. Vertigo.<ref>Fischer, Russ (2011). [https://www.slashfilm.com/terry-gilliam-crafting-script-based-paul-auster-mr-vertigo/ "<mask> Crafting a Script Based on Paul Auster Novel 'Mr. Vertigo"] Slashfilm.com. 28 July 2011</ref> In June 2018, <mask> announced at the Brussels International Film Festival that he was working again on Mr. Vertigo, and that it might be his next film, and that he had Ralph Fiennes attached to star in it.Franklin, Garth (2018). "<mask>'s Next Could Be "Mr. Vertigo"". Dark Horizons.1 July 2018. As of 2014 he was in talks to make his first animated feature film with Laika, the studio behind Coraline and ParaNorman. In October 2015, in a webchat hosted by The Guardian, <mask> announced that he was working on "a TV series based on Time Bandits" and "another based on a script by Richard LaGravanese and I wrote after Fisher King, called The Defective Detective". Charitable activities
<mask> has been involved with a number of charitable and humanitarian causes. In 2009, he became a board member of Videre Est Credere (Latin for "to see is to believe"), a UK human rights charity. Videre describes itself as giving "local activists the equipment, training and support needed to safely capture compelling video evidence of human rights violations. This captured footage is verified, analysed and then distributed to those who can create change."He participates alongside movie producer Uri Fruchtmann, music producer Brian Eno and executive director of Greenpeace UK John Sauven. Personal life
<mask> has been married to British makeup artist Maggie Weston since 1973. She worked on Monty Python's Flying Circus, many of the Python films, and <mask>'s films up to The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. They have three children: Amy Rainbow (born 1978), Holly Dubois (born October 1980) and Harry Thunder (born 3 April 1988), who have also appeared in or worked on several of his films. In 1968, <mask> obtained British citizenship. He held dual American and British citizenship for the next 38 years, until he renounced his American citizenship in January 2006. In an interview with Der Tagesspiegel, he described the action as a protest against then-President George W. Bush, and in an earlier interview with The A.V.Club, he also indicated that it was related to concerns about future tax liability for his wife and children. As a result of renouncing his citizenship, <mask> was permitted to spend 30 days each year in the United States over the next 10 years, "less than any European". Holly followed suit, renouncing her American citizenship in 2017. He maintains a residence in Italy near the Umbria–Tuscany border. He has been instrumental in establishing the annual Umbria Film Festival, held in the nearby town of Montone. <mask> also resides in Highgate, London. In 2009, <mask> signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.On 8 September 2015, Variety mistakenly published a false obituary claiming that <mask> had died. In May 2018, <mask> suffered a perforated medullary artery that was erroneously reported in the media as a stroke. The Man Who Killed Don Quixote (2018)
 Magritte Award for Best Foreign Film in Coproduction
 An asteroid, 9619 <mask>iam, is named in his honour. <mask> was given the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award in 2009 for his contribution to motion picture arts. <mask> was also given a BAFTA Special Award in 1969 for the graphics and animations in Monty Python's Flying Circus. <mask> was awarded the Fellowship of the Kermodes, by film critic Mark Kermode. <mask> was honoured with the Director with Unique Visual Sensitivity Award'' at the Camerimage film festival in Łódź, Poland in 2009.Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
 Knight (2013)
 Raindance Film Festival announced on 13 August 2018 that he would be the next recipient of its Auteur Award for his contribution to UK film. Inkpot Award (2009)

References

Further reading

External links

 Dreams: The Terry Gilliam Fanzine

1940 births
Living people
20th-century American comedians
20th-century British comedians
21st-century American comedians
21st-century British comedians
Animators from Minnesota
British animators
British film directors
American animated film directors
British male actors
American male comedians
British male comedians
American comics artists
British comics artists
British male comedy actors
American male comedy actors
American comedy writers
British comedy writers
American emigrants to the United Kingdom
BAFTA fellows
British opera directors
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Copywriters
Inkpot Award winners
Album-cover and concert-poster artists
Fantasy film directors
Science fiction film directors
Film directors from Minnesota
Male actors from Minneapolis
Monty Python members
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Occidental College alumni
People from Hennepin County, Minnesota
People from Panorama City, Los Angeles
Former United States citizens
Stop motion animators
Film directors from Los Angeles
American surrealist artists
British surrealist artists
Surrealist filmmakers
Science fiction fans
Birmingham High School

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