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<mask>  (born 5 July 1954) is a former international cricketer representing – and captaining – New Zealand. He made his international debut in 1978 against England. During his career, he scored more than 5,000 Test runs (the first New Zealand Test player to do so) at an average of 37.82 runs per dismissal with 12 Test centuries, 10 of them in New Zealand. He also played for Derbyshire in England. In first-class cricket he scored over 25,000 runs, having scored over 50 first-class centuries. He scored over 10,000 runs in List A limited-overs cricket. Following his retirement in 1993, he coached the Indian national cricket team from 2000 to 2005 (thus became India's first foreign coach) and New Zealand from 2010 to 2012.Domestic career
<mask> played cricket for his school, Christ's College, scoring several centuries during his time there. When he was at Otago University, he would travel from Dunedin to Christchurch on the weekends to play club cricket in order to make the Canterbury Cricket team. Unable to make the Canterbury team, <mask> moved to Gisborne and played five first class games for Northern Districts in the 1975/76 season. At the end of the season, he travelled to England where he spent time playing club cricket and time training with the Kent team. Later in the 1976 season, he got the opportunity to play for the Kent second XI scoring 500 runs at an average of 52. <mask> also played for Derrick Robins' XI against Kent scoring a century. <mask> wrote to Derbyshire asking them for a trial on the basis that they were the only English county side without an overseas player.He was invited to play a couple of trial games. He played in a second XI game for Derbyshire against Nottinghamshire. Opening the batting <mask> proceeded to score 159 not out and then had success in the other trial games. As a result, <mask> was offered a one year contract to play for Derbyshire for 1977. After five first class games for Derbyshire in 1977, <mask> received his county cap and a pay rise. International career
<mask> typically opened for New Zealand, and was noted as a tenacious, rather than spectacular, batsman. His team nickname was "shake"; reputedly a reflection on his packing technique.Together with Bruce Edgar of Wellington, he formed what was arguably New Zealand's most successful and reliable opening partnership. During a match against Australia in 1980, he became the second player in history to score an eight off one ball in a Test, running four and collecting four overthrows. Toward the end of his career he used an unorthodox batting stance; whereas most batsman face the bowler with the bat in line with their legs, and perpendicular to the ground, <mask> would stand with his bat raised in parallel to it. <mask> was disappointed with his results from his first 20 odd test matches and after a discussion with Bob Willis, <mask> started work with a sports psychologist. He eventually learnt transcendental meditation. "Some people call it mental toughness, it wasn't mental toughness, it was just being mentally organised, being able to get out there and express yourself in a way you knew you were capable of but you made it hard for yourself because of the pressure you put on yourself". As captain of New Zealand <mask> was described by Ian Smith as "He had an uncanny knack of bringing out the best in players, some of whom, I'm sure, thought they had already had their best days.I probably played my best cricket under <mask>'s leadership; Martin Snedden and <mask> would be in the same category". In the 1988 Queen's Birthday Honours, <mask> was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to cricket. Coaching career
After retiring, <mask> worked in sales for around two years – self-confessedly without great success. After taking up coaching for Kent County Cricket Club, <mask> enjoyed a successful coaching career with India, from 2000 to 2005, during which time the team improved immensely, winning a home test series 2–1 against Australia (which included the historic Kolkata test which India won coming back from a follow-on with Indian batsman VVS Laxman making 281*), drawing a test series against Australia in Australia 1–1 in a four-match test series in 2003–04 (Steve Waugh's farewell test series), winning a series against arch-rivals, Pakistan, and reaching the final of the 2003 Cricket World Cup held in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya. The following months saw the team lose form, and series to Australia and Pakistan. In May 2005, former Australian skipper, Greg Chappell took over from <mask>. <mask> was also appointed as coach of the World XI team that played Australia in the ICC Super Series 2005.On 20 December 2010, <mask> was named as NZ Cricket Coach, replacing Mark Greatbatch. He resigned that role in 2012, following New Zealand's tour of the West Indies. New Zealand Cricket was keen for him to continue as coach but <mask> did not wish to continue. <mask> did not see eye to eye with <mask>, who was the Director of Cricket for New Zealand Cricket. "We see things a little differently," <mask> said on which he expanded "It would be fair to say we're probably more comfortable coaching against each other, which we did for four and a half years." In January 2013 <mask> was appointed head coach of the Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League competition. The Mumbai Indians won that edition of the IPL.<mask> has worked with the Mumbai Indians for seven years. Music career
<mask> was known was always taking his guitar when on tour as a cricketer. He released his debut album Red Skies in 2017. The songs are about travelling as an international cricketer and coach. He is planning to release an EP of new songs titled Jump the Sun. Publications

In 1990, together with New Zealand writer Paul Thomas, <mask> wrote an entertaining autobiography, Christmas in Rarotonga. In 2006, <mask> co-authored the book <mask>'s Indian Summers describing his experiences as coach of the Indian cricket team, along with Indian journalist Sharda Ugra and Paul Thomas.References

External links
 Official website of <mask> for his music

New Zealand cricketers
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand Test cricket captains
New Zealand One Day International cricketers
New Zealand One Day International captains
Auckland cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Derbyshire cricketers
Northern Districts cricketers
Cricketers at the 1979 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1983 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup
1954 births
Living people
Coaches of the Indian national cricket team
Indian Premier League coaches
New Zealand cricket coaches
New Zealand Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Darfield, New Zealand
Coaches of the New Zealand national cricket team
D. H. Robins' XI cricketers
North Island cricketers

masks:
John Geoffrey Wright
John Wright
John Wright
Wright
John Wright
John Wright
Wright
John Wright
John Wright
Wright
John Wright
Wright
John Wright
John Wright
John Bracewell
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
John Wright
John Wright
John Buchanan
John Wright
Wright
John Wright
John Wright
Wright
Wright
John Wright
John Wright


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<mask>, NI(M), SBt (Urdu: راؤ قمر سلیمان) was the 12th Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force. The four-star rank Air Force officer commanded the PAF from 2009 to 2012. Earlier he was "Deputy Chief of Air Staff of Operations". <mask> was succeeded by Air Chief Marshal Tahir Rafique Butt as Chief of Air Staff on 7 March 2012. Air Force career
<mask> was initially trained  at PAF Public School, Sargodha where he belonged to the 17th entry (851 – Sabre House). Thereafter, he joined the Pakistan Air Force Academy, Risalpur, in 1972 and was commissioned in the Pakistan Air Force as a fighter pilot on 1 June 1975, in the 59th GD(P) Course.. In 1980s He intercepted a pair of Soviet Mi-24s while flying Mirage 5PA, But kill couldn't be achieved.<mask> is a graduate of the PAF Air War College. He holds a master's degree in defense and strategic studies from National Defence College, Islamabad. He has more than 3400 command hours to his credit. He is a Qualified Flying Instructor (QFI) and has been an instructor at the Combat Commanders’ School. He has served in the Turkish as well as UAE Air forces. Command and staff appointments
<mask> is an accomplished fighter pilot with rich experience in fighter aircraft. He has commanded an Elite Fighter Squadron, Wing and Base that includes No.15 Squadron, No. 31 Wing, PAF Base Peshawar and Southern Air Command. <mask> was promoted to "Air Vice Marshal" on 9 October 2003 and to "Air Marshal" on 15 November 2007. In staff jobs, he served as directing staff (DS) at PAF Air War College and later became Commandant of Air War College. He served as deputy director at Operations Branch; assistant chief of staff (plans), assistant chief or air staff (evaluation) and deputy inspector general of Pakistan Air Force at air headquarters. In senior staff appointments, Air Marshal has the distinction of having served as Director-general Air Force Strategic Command and Deputy chief of air staff (operations) at the air headquarters, Islamabad. DCAS (O)
As Deputy Chief of Air Staff Operations "DCAS (O)", <mask> was responsible for all operations of the PAF.He is the architect of anti-surgical strike strategy which barred India from carrying out strikes against Pakistan in aftermath of the Mumbai attacks. In that capacity, he planned response to Indian Air Force threat of surgical strikes against Pakistan in the wake of terrorists strike at Mumbai. He deployed force to face Indian threat in November 2008, which thwarted the Indian Air Force plans of surgical strikes. Chief of Air Staff
As Chief of Air Staff, ACM <mask> is credited with developing PAF counter terrorist policy which was a new role. To improve the operational readiness and train in this new role, he also conducted largest number of operational exercises for PAF such as High Mark 2010, Azm-e-Nau, Saffron Bandit, etc., during his command. He also planned operational training exercises with other modern air forces like USAF (Red & Green Flags), Turkish Air Force (Anatolian Eagle and Indus Viper), UAE Air force (ATLC), PLA Air force (Shaheen I), Royal Saudi Air Force (Al Saqoor), Jordanian Air Force (Falcon Meet), etc. During his tenure, PAF flew maximum with least accidents due to his emphasis on flight safety.In 2010, there was not a single accident despite extensive operational exercises, overseas deployments and maximum flying, making 2010 an accident-free year for the first time in history of PAF. Several new types of aircraft and capabilities were added to the PAF fleet and operationalized during his tenure. He started JF 17 aircraft production at Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Kamra and raised two JF 17 aircraft Squadrons. He introduced JF 17 to the world by sending it various air shows such as Farnborough Air Show (UK), Zhuhai Air Show (China) and Dubai Air Show (UAE). It was also displayed in "Air Show Turkiye," the Centennial Celebration to celebrate 100 years of Turkish Air Force. He also demonstrated the operational capabilities of the new aircraft by its participation in Fire Power Display in front of Air Attaches, Foreign Air force observers and Aviators from all over the world. Role in War on Terror
<mask> is the architect of counter terrorist policy.Under  his command, PAF successfully achieved its objectives of destroying the Taliban infrastructure, and killing the terrorists in the aerial operations. He enabled PAF to engage the terrorists successfully through new operational trainings and exercises. He led successful aerial operations in Swat and FATA against Terrorists. He is also credited for developing close relations between PAF and the Pakistani Army. This resulted in close coordination between the services that resulted in successful joint operations against terrorists and enabled the military forces to engage and destroy the terrorists in remote areas that were inaccessible. The Air Force squadrons are currently engaged in the military operations along with Pakistan Army. Medals and awards
In recognition of his meritorious and exceptionally dedicated services, he has been received the Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Military), Sitara-e-Basalat, Sitara-e-Imtiaz, Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military) and Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military) awards.<mask> is also the recipient of 'King Abdul Aziz Medal Class I' by Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and 'The Legion of Merit of Turkish Armed Forces' by Republic of Turkey. He has also received 'The Legion of Merit (Degree of Commander)' by United States Of America,  'Medal of Merit Santos-Dumont' by Federative Republic of Brazil and 'Legion of Honor' by French Republic. See also
 Shahid Lateef

References

External links
 PAF's Chiefs of the Air Staff
 Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), ACM <mask>amar <mask>

Chiefs of Air Staff, Pakistan
Pakistan Air Force air marshals
Living people
Pakistani Muslims
1954 births
Pakistan International Airlines people
Pakistani airline chief executives
People of the insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Military personnel from Karachi
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
PAF College Sargodha alumni

masks:
Rao Qamar Suleman
Suleman
Rao Qamar Suleman
Suleman
Suleman
Suleman
Suleman
Suleman
Suleman
Suleman
Rao Q
Suleman


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Sir <mask> (16 February 1922 – 19 September 1992) was a Welsh bass-baritone noted for operatic roles including Figaro in Le nozze di Figaro, Papageno in Die Zauberflöte, and the title role in Wozzeck. <mask> was especially acclaimed for his performances in the title role of Verdi's Falstaff. He sang more than 70 different roles in a career that lasted from his first appearance at Covent Garden in 1948 to his farewell there in 1984. Early life
<mask> was born in Cilfynydd, the only son of <mask> (1899–1978), a coal miner, and his wife, Charlotte May, née Thomas (1901–1923). His family was Welsh speaking, and <mask> spoke Welsh before he learned English. On leaving school, aged 14, he worked as a window dresser for the High Class Ladies' Wear store in Pontypridd. He took singing lessons in Cardiff from Idloes Owen, who went on to found the Welsh National Opera, and sang with a local Methodist choir and the local amateur dramatic society.On the outbreak of World War II, he volunteered for the Royal Air Force; he was trained as a radio mechanic, but also took part in services entertainments. After the war he worked for the British Forces Radio Network in Hamburg, where he sang with the radio chorus and took lessons from the baritone Theo Herrmann. He then studied with Fernando Carpi in Geneva and at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London first, for a short time, with Walther Gruner and then with Walter Hyde. Roles
During a career that lasted from his first appearance at Covent Garden in January 1948 to his farewell at the same house in June 1984, <mask> played over 70 roles. He made his operatic début as the nightwatchman in Die Meistersinger at the Royal Opera House in 1948 and performed there as Figaro in Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro in 1949, a part which he sang more than 500 times during his international career. It was as Figaro that he made his début at La Scala, Milan in 1960, the first British singer to appear there since the war. His Vienna Staatsoper début as a last-minute replacement impressed Herbert von Karajan, who offered him a contract with the company, but <mask> declined, believing that his place was at Covent Garden, which he always regarded as his operatic home; despite international success he always called himself "Sir David [Webster]'s boy."At the Glyndebourne Festival Opera in 1957, he first played the part with which he became internationally associated: the title role in Verdi's Falstaff, which he later played in opera houses around the world, including Covent Garden (1961, directed and designed by Franco Zeffirelli), the Vienna Staatsoper and the Metropolitan Opera (1964 in another Zeffirelli production). Other roles in which he was celebrated were Beckmesser in Die Meistersinger, Figaro, Don Pizarro in Fidelio, the title role in Don Pasquale, Dulcamara in L'elisir d'amore and Leporello in Don Giovanni. He was an outstanding actor in both comic and tragic roles such as Wozzeck. <mask>'s repertoire was in the bass-baritone range such as Don Pizarro, and in Mozart he chose the lower roles - Leporello rather than Don Giovanni, Figaro rather than the Count. Roles higher in the baritone register were not comfortable for him: he never undertook Iago in Otello and his one attempt at the title role in Rigoletto, at Covent Garden in 1964, ended in disaster when his voice failed on the first night, on which occasion he took the unusual step of apologising to the audience at the final curtain. <mask> appeared in the premières of many modern British operas, including Vaughan Williams's Pilgrim's Progress (1951); Britten's Billy Budd (1951) and Gloriana (1953), Walton's Troilus and Cressida (1954), and Hoddinott's The Beach of Falesá (1974) and Murder the Magician (1976). In Billy Budd, Britten wrote much of the title part with <mask> in mind, but the singer, after preparing the role, found that it lay uncomfortably high for him and opted for the lesser role of Mr Flint, the Sailing Master.Later in his career, <mask> switched to the bass role of the evil John Claggart, Master at Arms. Recordings and television
<mask> <mask>'s studio recordings include Falstaff (conducted by Georg Solti); Mozart's Figaro (for both Otto Klemperer and Daniel Barenboim); Guglielmo in Così fan tutte (Klemperer); Ned Keene in Peter Grimes (conducted by the composer); Beckmesser in Die Meistersinger (conducted by Herbert von Karajan); Dulcamara in L'elisir d'amore (conducted by John Pritchard); Wozzeck (conducted by Karl Böhm). <mask> was among the line-up of top singers assembled by Walter Legge for Klemperer's 1961 recording of J. S. Bach's St. Matthew Passion. <mask> also recorded three Gilbert and Sullivan roles for EMI conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent:  Ko-Ko in The Mikado (1957), the Duke of Plaza Toro in The Gondoliers (1957) and Jack Point in The Yeomen of the Guard (1958). A performance of Don Giovanni conducted by Solti with Cesare Siepi as Giovanni and <mask> as Leporello, recorded at Covent Garden in 1962, was released on CD in 2006 on the Royal Opera House's own label. Lieder did not feature strongly in <mask>'s repertoire, but he recorded songs from Gustav Mahler's Des Knaben Wunderhorn with the young Janet Baker in 1966. Between 1968 and 1981 <mask> gave a series of televised masterclasses for the BBC in which he took young professional singers through key operatic works, including The Marriage of Figaro, Falstaff, Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute, La bohème, Peter Grimes, I Pagliacci and Così fan Tutte.Videography
 Glyndebourne Festival Opera: a Gala Evening (1992), Arthaus Musik DVD, 100–432, 2004

Reputation, honours and retirement
Peter Ustinov, who directed <mask> in opera, wrote of him:
His great qualities are a permanent commentary on all that make opera inviting, and finally impossible, to someone trained in the theatre. With his fine eighteenth-century face, looking like many of the actors' portraits in the Garrick club, dark eyes, bulbous nose and chubby cheeks, on the small side, bristling with invention, ferociously energetic, helpful, greedy, understanding, and unscrupulous, he knows from the outset what he intends to do, usually because he has already done it successfully, and rehearsals are spent getting his own way by running the whole gamut of techniques, from charm to bluster and back again. The critic Peter Conrad commented on <mask>'s "physiognomic intelligence...His characterisations were built from the shoes up - his Claggart in Billy Budd minced; his Wozzeck plodded; his Beckmesser scurried like an officious beetle; his Falstaff had a pigeon-toed waddle." <mask> was knighted in 1969. Other honours conferred on him included:
Fellow of the Guildhall School of Music (1960); Sir Charles Santley Memorial Award (1963); Hon. Doctor of Music, University of Wales, (1965); Harriet Cohen International Award (1967); Hon. RAM (1969); Hon.Doctor of Music, Leicester University (1969); Fellow, University College, Cardiff (1976); Fellow of the Royal Northern College of Music (1978); Honorary Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford; San Francisco Opera Medal (1980); Fidelio Medal (1980); Fellow of the Royal College of Music (1981); Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (1984); Freeman, City of London (1984); Society of Cymmrodorion Medal, 1984; Hon. Doctor of Music Oxford University (1985); Order of St John (1986); Fellow, Trinity College, London (1987); Fellow University College, Swansea (1990). After his retirement from the operatic stage in 1984 (his farewell performances were as Dulcamara), he continued to work as an operatic stage director. He was more in demand abroad than at home in this capacity and directed Peter Grimes, Billy Budd, Falstaff, The Marriage of Figaro and Don Pasquale in the U.S. In 1984 <mask> published his memoirs, A Knight at the Opera, written in collaboration with Noël Goodwin. A paperback edition was published the following year. <mask>'s final public appearance was in July 1992 (only two months before his death) at the gala to mark the closure of the old opera house at Glyndebourne, along with Janet Baker, Montserrat Caballé, Cynthia Haymon, Felicity Lott, Ruggero Raimondi, Elisabeth Söderström and Frederica von Stade.<mask> died in Bronglais Hospital, Aberystwyth, at the age of 70. A memorial service in Westminster Abbey was attended by more than 1,700 family, friends and admirers. The orchestra and chorus of the Royal Opera House were conducted by Bernard Haitink, Sir Georg Solti, Sir Colin Davis and Sir Edward Downes. Hymns were sung in Welsh, and lessons were read by Donald Sinden and Stuart Burrows. Among the congregation were Dame Joan Sutherland, Peter Brook, and representatives of the Welsh National Opera and the London Welsh rugby club. Notes

References
Conrad, Peter: A Song of Love and Death - The Meaning of Opera, Chatto and Windus, London 1987,
Haltrecht, Montagu: The Quiet Showman - Sir David Webster and the Royal Opera House, Collins, London, 1975. Ustinov, Peter: Dear Me, Penguin Books, London, 1978.1922 births
1992 deaths
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Knights Bachelor
Singers awarded knighthoods
Operatic bass-baritones
Welsh operatic baritones
Welsh bass-baritones
People from Pontypridd
20th-century Welsh male opera singers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Royal Air Force airmen

masks:
Geraint Llewellyn Evans
Evans
Evans
William John Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Geraint
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans


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<mask> (21 August 1756 – 1 December 1798) was a Danish priest and philosopher. Birckner especially explored the subject of Freedom of Speech. The American historian H. Arnold Barton has characterised Birckner, along with Niels Ditlev Riegels, as being "one of the most original thinkers" of the radical group of authors in Denmark in this period. The Danish jurist Peter Germer in his book The Nature of Freedom of Speech (Ytringsfrihedens Væsen, 1973) shows that Birckners ideas was akin to ideas that Scottish-American philosopher Alexander Meiklejohn proposed in his Free Speech and Its Relation to Self-Government (1948). Biography
<mask> was born in Copenhagen. At age three, he lost his mother Anna Marie (born Wiborg), and half a year later his father, brickmason <mask>, died. The city mortician took in the orphan, and in due time Birckner graduated from the city's Latin school in 1772.He achieved his theological degree in 1784. He had also spent his time at the university studying philosophy and philology, and he especially excelled in modern languages, he spoke German like a native and he wrote verses in English. He wanted a position as a priest, but he disliked the parlors of the rich and powerful, so he did not achieve a call until 1790. The position was as a German minister on the isolated island of Föhr which was part of the kingdom of Denmark-Norway at the time. Before Birckner left the capital he had become a proponent of the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, which at that time was becoming popular in Denmark. But he was also under the influence of the radical French anti-clergy rationalism. He had published an article in the influential Danish periodical Minerva with the title An answer to the question: Should the nobility be suppressed?(July 1790). His answer to the question in the title was affirmative, provided that the privileges of nobility is an injustice and that the burgher can become "that which at present only the nobility is, without upsetting society as a whole". The article was soon translated into German and a reviewer of the Göttingische gelärdes Anzeigen (1792, p. 1899) praised it highly. Stay at Föhr
Birckners stay at Föhr did not turn out to be as desolate as he and his friends had feared. He passed his time with studies, social visits and a pursuit to "form a young man into a productive citizen". The inhabitants of the island was pleased by his "philosophical" preachings which he held every third Sunday. He did express regret at not being within easy reach of the literary means of the capital, but he learned to pass his time thinking instead.It became his habit to first think a subject matter through in his mind before reading what others had written about it. He especially worked on the problem about the freedom of press and its limits, which among other things the recent conviction of the satiric poet Peter Andreas Heiberg had incurred in Danish debate. In his solitude he expressed his thoughts on the matter in writing and the first of his many treaties on the subject was published in the Minerva in March 1791. Chaplain
The following year he was surprised to learn that his friends had petitioned on his behalf for the chaplaincy in Korsør. In the beginning, he was not pleased with the transition to the small provincial town in Zealand because he had to preach twice every Sunday instead of once every third Sunday. But after making the move, little by little his sentiments changed. He regularly was present by the dinner table of the vicar Frederik Plum, who later became bishop of Fyn, and Birckner found company with which to share his spiritual and philosophical sentiments.It was at the Plums that he met Henriette Christine Hornemann, the daughter of vicar Jacob Hornemann, sister of the philosopher Christian Hornemann, and in 1795 he married this gifted young woman. The journey to his new position had incurred a coughing sickness which over time became very serious. His income was very low, and he often suffered from want so badly that he at one time considered giving up the chaplaincy in favour of a position as a teacher and letting his wife contribute to the household by letting her serve as a chambermaid. Struggle for Freedom of the Press

But neither his sickness nor his poverty prevented him from continuing his philosophical endeavours. When the bishop of Zealand Nicolai Balle Edinger had reported the poet Malthe Conrad Bruuns recently published book The Catechism of the Aristocrats (Aristocraternes Catechismus, 1796) to the authorities for infringing the press laws, Birckner anonymously published a small tract which criticised the bishop for playing the part of head of police instead of minding his ecclesiastical pursuits. However his real struggle for freedom of the press was not carried out anonymously. He had already previously shown that the Danish laws regarding this subject did not allow for a complete freedom of the press.It was to achieve this goal that he published his major work On the Freedom of the Press and its Law ("Om Trykkefriheden og dens Love", 1797). In this book he claims the importance of freedom of press as a powerful means of putting ideas into circulation and thereby enlighten the monarch of things that he would otherwise have been ignorant of. He also writes about it being a "revolution from above", when a "noble and patriotic" man, "brimming with feelings for the general good of man", at once appear among the powerful and without restraint "sacrifices his own splendor and absolutism". These words were aimed at the reigning crown prince Frederick, who had shown considerable influences from the tolerant enlightenment ideas in his early years on the throne. But Birckner does not only demand freedom to write about the affairs of government, he also demands freedom of speech in matters of religion. He shows that the way to achieve insight into the "moral truths" can only happen by discussing it in the open. However Birckner does propose some limits on the freedom of press, he does not think it should be allowed to publicly call for rebellion, that is urging the people to overthrow the constitution of the state or in other ways oppose the actions of the government with physical force.Neither, <mask> says, should it be allowed to defame the private affairs of a man in his home, something which has no public interest and it violates the private sphere of the individual. The book became a bestseller in Denmark-Norway. A second revised and improved edition appeared the same year, and a third printing was made for the first volume of the Collected Works of <mask> (a work which had 2.100 subscribers at the beginning of its publication, a very high figure in Danish literary history). Furthermore, he translated the book into German and it was printed in the German periodical Beiträge zur Veredlung der Menschheit, 2. vol., 1. part, 1797, and the same year published as a stand-alone work under the title Ueber die Preszfreiheit und ihre Gesetze, von dem Verfasser selbst aus dem Dänischen übersetzt, durchgesehen und herausgegeben von C.J.R. Christiani, Kopenhagen und Leipzig. These ideas met opposition from several contemporary writers.Some thought Birckner went too far in his support of free speech, while others thought there should be no limits whatsoever. This prompted Birckner to publish his Further Reflections on the Freedom of Press and its Laws ("Videre Undersøgelser om Trykkefriheden og dens Love") the following year (1798). His response is especially aimed at the criticism posed by professor Johan Frederik Vilhelm Schlegel. Only at one point in this book does he change his stance from his previous work, and that is only "half unwillingly" he thinks that writers who "with their filthy imagination attempts to awaken impure desires in his readers", these individuals should be sentenced "a fitting punishment". His "half unwillingness" for this stems from the fact that he sees "what the result would be, of such a power administered by the judges of geniuses, and how easily such a power can be abused most savagely... And yet, all art and beauty be damned, if it misleads just a single person to stray from the path of virtue". Death
His struggle for freedom of speech was not looked upon favorably in government circles. Nevertheless, he was appointed vicar of Vemmelev and Hammershøj on the 28 November, 1798, an appointment that would have meant the end of his poverty.But this royal grace came too late, his illness had become lethal and he died the 1st of December the same year. His contribution to Danish literature was first acknowledged after his death. His friends praised his character and 2100 subscribers signed up for the first edition of his collected works. Furthermore, they collected 2500 rigsdaler that was donated to his grieving widow and children. Collected works
<mask> had already begun working on a collected edition of his works prior to his death. This collection was to include all his writings except the two anonymous tracts against bishop Balle. He did manage to publish three volumes of this collection, and the fourth volume was published in 1800 edited by Anders Sandøe Ørsted and prefaced by an account of the last days of Birckner written by dean Frederik Carl Gutfeld (Samlede Skrifter, 4 vols., 1797-1800).References

Sources
 H. Arnold Barton, Scandinavia in the Revolutionary Era 1760-1815, University of Minnesota Press, 1986. . External links
 The collected works of <mask> <mask> (in Danish) in PDF-format can be found on Wikimedia Commons. His article An answer to the question: Should the nobility be suppressed? (in Danish) i Minerva 1790 3. vol. is to be found on Google Books
 Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, II. volume

Danish Lutheran clergy
Danish philosophers
1756 births
1798 deaths
Free speech activists

masks:
Michael Gottlieb Birckner
Michael Gottlieb Birner
Johan Michael Birner
Birckner
Birckner
Birckner
Michael Gottlieb
Birckner


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Lieutenant-Colonel <mask>, KH (22 March 1794 – 31 March 1860) was acting Governor of Western Australia from 1847 to 1848. Born in 1794 in Drogheda, Ireland, <mask> was the son of Reverend <mask>. Some sources give the year 1788 as his birthyear. In 1808, he was commissioned into the 83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot. He saw service in Spain and Portugal, and took part in several major battles of the Peninsula War, for which he was awarded a medal. In 1816-17 he was stationed in Cape of Good Hope, and later in Ceylon. In 1828, the British government decided to establish a colony on the western coast of Australia, and a cousin of <mask>'s, James Stirling, was appointed its first Lieutenant-Governor.<mask> was subsequently sent to the colony as a major in command of a detachment of the 63rd Regiment of Foot, whose mission was to protect and help establish the colony. He arrived with his men on board HMS Sulphur in June 1829, six days after the arrival of the first settlers and Stirling on the Parmelia. <mask>'s position as officer commanding the troops afforded him the further position of vice chairman of the Legislative Council appointed by Stirling in January 1831. From September 1832 until September 1833, <mask> was temporarily appointed to act as administrator of the colony while Stirling was in England. During <mask>'s period in charge the colony experienced difficulty in its relations with the Aboriginal people, and both colonists and Aboriginals were killed in different encounters such as the Pinjarra Massacre. After the killing of several settlers <mask> placed a bounty on the heads of the most aggressive Noongar warriors, including Yagan and Midgegooroo. This was to be among the most controversial of <mask>'s initiatives during his tenure in the Swan River Colony.According to his account, immediately after a series of skirmishes <mask> conferred with his Executive Council 'to take such steps for a prompt and summary retaliation, as the means at my disposal admitted.' A proclamation was issued and published in the Perth Gazette offering a reward of 30 pounds for the capture 'dead or alive' of Yagan, and 20 pounds of 'Midgigooroo' and Munday. The proclamation declared Yagan, Midgegooroo and Munday to be outlaws 'deprived of the protection of British laws, and I do hereby authorize and command all and every His Majesty's subjects residents in any part of this colony to capture, or aid or assist in capturing the body of the said 'Egan' DEAD OR ALIVE, and to produce the said body forthwith before the nearest Justice of the Peace.' <mask> rationalized his actions to the Secretary of State in the following terms: This pecuniary stimulus has had the hoped for effect, by bringing forward some efficient volunteers among the Settlers whose ----- and occupations have necessarily given them a more intimate knowledge of the haunts of the natives in the neighbourhood of the settled district than is possessed by the Military, but no volunteers have received permission to act unless headed by a Magistrate or a Constable. Parties of the Military have also been in constant movement, traversing the bush is such directions as reports or conjecture rendered most likely to lead to a discovery of the lurking place of the offending tribes. These parties have all received express instructions to attempt the lives of no other than the three outlaws, unless hostility on the part of others of the tribe should render it necessary in self defense. I am happy to say these measures have already been attended with considerable effect.The whole of this hostile tribe have been harassed by the constant succession of parties sent against them, and in some instances have been hotly pursued to a considerable distance in different directions. By the time <mask>'s dispatch had been received in London, Midgegooroo had been captured and executed. Despite his efforts to convince his superiors that his actions were justified, <mask> was criticized by the Secretary of State, who would have preferred a sentence of imprisonment, believing that execution would do little to improve relationships between the traditional owners and the colonists. But as <mask> intended, the search for Midgegooroo, Yagan and Munday proceeded quickly as the military and private settlers combed the region. One volunteer party led by a colonist named Thomas Hunt (according to G.F. Moore, 'a most appropriate name' who had previously been a constable in London) headed south 'in the direction of the Murray' and came across a number of 'native huts' not far from the south shore of the Swan. They 'routed' the Aboriginal people there, and pursued a group south, shooting and killing one man who was believed to be the brother of Midgegooroo and according to Moore, bringing his ears home 'as a token.' According to the Perth Gazette, throughout the period immediately after the proclamation, Midgegooroo remained near the property of the Drummonds on the Helena River 'employed as he usually had been of late in taking care of the women and children of the tribe' and clearly unaware of his outlaw status and his impending doom.On Thursday 16 May, a military party led by Captain Ellis, acting on information that Midgegooroo was in the area, joined forces with a number of civilians, including Thomas Hardey and J. Hancock. After camping overnight, the next morning they came across Midgegooroo and his young son: The old man finding a retreat impossible, became desperate; Jeffers, a private of the 63rd ... rushed forward and seized him by the hair, Captain Ellis seized his spears and broke them in his hand, he still retained the barbed ends, with which he struck at Jeffers repeatedly; the alarm he created by crying out for Yagan, and the apprehensions of his escaping, required the exercise of the greatest firmness on the part of Captain Ellis to accomplish his being brought in alive. The capture of this man as effected in a masterly manner, and redounds highly to the credit of Captain Ellis. ... Midgegooroo in his dungeon presents a most pitiable object. In the same issue, the Perth Gazette went on to invite citizens to 'forward the ends of justice' by coming forward with their evidence of Midgegooroo's wrongdoings, indicative of the close relationship between the early colonial media, the Government and the nascent system of justice. The Perth Gazette constitutes one of the principle records of the events over the next few days, and it is difficult to be definite about the chronological sequence between Midgegooroo's capture on 17 May and execution on the 22nd. It appears likely that <mask> spent the period weighing up his alternatives, consulting with the Executive Council as well as men such as G.F. Moore who, as well as being a private colonist, held the official post of Commissioner of the Civil Court.On Monday 20 May, Moore records a meeting with <mask> and hints that his personal view was that Midgegooroo should be transported but there was a strong public sentiment that he should be executed; 'there is a great puzzle to know what to do with him. The populace cry loudly for his blood, but it is a hard thing to shoot him in cold blood. There is a strong intention of sending him into perpetual banishment in some out of the way place.' <mask> told the Secretary of State he had conducted a 'patient examination' and had received statements from 'several credible witnesses', twelve-year-old Ralph Entwhistle, John Staunton of the 63rd Regiment of Foot, Charles Bourne, constable Thomas Hunt, James Lacey, Thomas Yule (sworn before Magistrates at Fremantle) and John Ellis. Each gave brief details of Midgegooroo's alleged crimes, and identified the prisoner as the same man. <mask> reported that he gave 'much anxious consideration' to Midgegooroo's punishment: "The experiment of confinement, which had been tried to some extent in the case of the three Natives whose transportation to Carnac Island and ultimate escape I have reported to your Lordship in a former dispatch appeared to have produced no good effect on the subjects of that trial, and the age of the prisoner in question apparently exceeding fifty years, forbad any sanguine hopes from such an experiment in his case." There was no trial, even in the sense of an informal hearing.Midgegooroo was clearly not allowed the opportunity to give evidence or defend himself and indeed it is probable that he did not understand what was being alleged. By 22 May, <mask> had made up his mind: "With the unanimous advice of the Council, I therefore decided on his execution as the only sure mode of securing the Colony from an enemy, who was doubly dangerous from his apparently implacable hostility and from his influence as an acknowledged Chief. The latter circumstance being also calculated to render his death a more striking example." The Perth Gazette recorded the execution as follows: "In the absence of a Sherriff, the warrant was directed to the Magistrates of the District of Perth, the duty therefore devolved upon J. Morgan Esq., as Government Resident, who immediately proceeded to carry the sentence into execution. The death warrant was read aloud to the persons assembled who immediately afterwards went inside the Jail, with the Constables and the necessary attendants, to prepare the Prisoner for his fate. Midgegooroo, on seeing that preparations were making [sic.] to punish him, yelled and struggled most violently to escape.These efforts availed him little, in less than five minutes he was pinioned and blindfolded, and bound to the outer door of the Jail. The Resident then reported to his Honor the Lieutenant Governor (who was on the spot accompanied by the Members of the Council), that all was prepared, – the warrant being declared final – he turned around and gave the signal to the party of the 63rd [which had volunteered] to advance and halt at 6 paces, – they then fired – and Midgegooroo fell. – The whole arrangement and execution after the death warrant had been handed over to the Civil Authorities, did not occupy half an hour." <mask> reported simply: 'He was accordingly shot, in front of the jail at Perth on the 22 Ultimo.' Moore also recorded the execution although it is not clear whether he was a witness: 'The native Midgegoroo, after being fully identified as being a principal in 3 murders at least, was fastened to the gaol door & fired on by a Military party, receiving 3 balls in his head, one in his body.' According to the Perth Gazette, the execution was witnessed by a 'great number of persons ... although the Execution was sudden and the hour unknown.' "The feeling which was generally expressed was that of satisfaction at what had taken place, and in some instances loud and vehement exaltation, which the solemnity of the scene, – a fellow human being – although a native – launched into eternity – ought to have suppressed."The aftermath it appears from the extant record that, while there was a crowd in attendance at the execution, few if any Aboriginal people were present. The boy who was captured along with Midgegooroo, who was identified as his son 'Billy' (later referred to also as 'young Midgegooroo') was estimated to be between five and eight years old. He was removed 'out of sound and hearing of what was to happen to his father and has since been forwarded to the Government Schooner, Ellen, now lying off Garden Island, with particular instructions from the Magistrates to ensure him every protection and kind treatment.' <mask> informed the Secretary of State that 'the child has been kept in ignorance of his father's fate, and it is my present intention to retain him in confinement, and by kind treatment I am in hope from his tender age he may be so inured to civilized habits as to make it improbable he will revert to a barbarous life when grown up.' The Noongar population appears to have remained unaware of Midgegooroo's fate, possibly to ensure that the news would not reach the feared Yagan. Four days after the execution, G. F. Moore recorded an encounter with Yagan near his homestead when he arrived with Munday, Migo and seven others, possibly with the aim of finding out from Moore what had happened to his father. Moore, caught by surprise, decided to conceal the truth from Yagan, whereupon Yagan told him that if Midgegooroo's life was taken, he would retaliate by killing three white men.Six days later, it appears that news of the killing had still not penetrated the Noongar community for, when Moore was visited on 2 June by Weeip, Yagan's son Narral, and some women, they asked him again about Midgegooroo and his young son. Moore again concealed the execution but assured them that his son 'would come back again by & bye.' Two days later, Moore recorded that thefts of sheep and goats continued on the Canning River, and expressed his despair at the prospects for a people in whom he felt 'a very great interest': 'These things are very dispiriting. I fear it must come to an act of extermination between us at last if we cannot graze our flocks in safety.' It was not until 11 July that the colonists succeeded in killing Yagan, his death at the hands of sixteen-year-old James Keats on the Upper Swan, who duly collected his reward and left the colony. The Perth Gazette recorded its satisfaction at the deaths and believed that most of the citizenry supported the ruthless actions of the Government. Midgegooroo's execution, it claimed, met with 'general satisfaction ... his name has long rung in our ears, associated with every enormity committed by the natives; we therefore join cordially in commending this prompt and decisive measure.'On the other hand, it is clear that a number of colonists were unhappy with the actions of the government. Robert Lyon, who published his account of the period in 1839 after he had left the colony, wrote that while the killing of Midgegooroo and Yagan was 'applauded by a certain class', they were 'far from being universally approved. Many were silent, but some of the most respectable of the settlers loudly expressed their disapprobation.' There was criticism also from other Australian colonies about the execution of Midgegooroo. The Hobart Town Review of 20 August 1833 was full of vitriol for <mask>'s actions: "It is hard to conceive any offence on the part of the poor unfortunate wretch that could justify the putting him to death, even in the open field, but to slay him in cool blood to us appears a cruel murder without palliation." <mask>, however, was convinced that his actions were merited. Writing in England about two years after the events of 1833, he asserted that 'these acts of justice so completely succeeded in their object of intimidating the natives on the Swan and Canning Rivers that recent accounts from the colony represent the shepherds and others in the habit of going about the country, as having for a considerable laid aside their usual precaution of carrying firearms, so peaceable had the conduct of those tribes become.'In September 1833, after more than four years in Western Australia, <mask> returned to England, partly to give an account to the Colonial Office of the events that had occurred in the colony while it was under his charge. While there, he published The State and Position of Western Australia, the first published account of the colony. He also sought religious assistance for the colony, resulting in the arrival of the colony's first missionary, Louis Giustiniani, in 1836. He married his wife Elizabeth Courthope, sister of auditor-general of Western Australia in December 1836. In 1837, having been promoted to Major, he returned to Western Australia, and was made permanent Commandant of the Western Australian Forces. He was further promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1845. On the death of Governor Andrew Clarke in February 1847, <mask> took office as acting Governor until the arrival of the new governor, Charles Fitzgerald, in August 1848.His administration was extremely unpopular with the settlers of Western Australia, due to both the poor financial state of the colony and his stern character, and the arrival of Fitzgerald was widely celebrated. <mask> retired from the army in 1854 and returned to England in 1856, where he died in Cheltenham in 1860. In 1839 the explorer George Grey named the Irwin River after him while on his second disastrous exploration expedition along the Western Australian coast. In 1948 the <mask> Army Barracks in Karrakatta were named after him, in recognition of his place in Western Australia's military history. In 1991 the <mask> Anglican School was opened and named in honour of his contributions to Western Australia. References

1788 births
1860 deaths
83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot officers
63rd Regiment of Foot officers
British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Governors of Western Australia
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council
Settlers of Western Australia
19th-century Australian public servants
People associated with massacres of Indigenous Australians
19th-century Australian politicians

masks:
Frederick Chidley Irwin
Frederick Chidley Irwin
James Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Frederick Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Frederick Irwin


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<mask> (born December 28, 1952) is a former college softball coach. She was the head softball coach at California State University, Fresno—more commonly known as Fresno State—from 1986 to 2012. She led the Fresno State Bulldogs to the NCAA national softball championship in 1998 and is the NCAA's second all-time winningest softball coach. She also ranks second all-time in career victories among NCAA Division I coaches in all sports. She was inducted into the National Fastpitch Coaches Association Hall of Fame in 2000 and the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame in 2001. She retired at the end of the 2012 season. Athlete
<mask> grew up in Warrensburg, Illinois and graduated from Warrensburg-Latham High School.She attended Illinois State University, where she was a pitcher for the 1973 Illinois State softball team that was the national runner-up at the AIAW Women's College World Series. <mask> pitched all 16 innings in the title game as the Redbirds narrowly fell to Arizona State, 4-3. On the day of that final, <mask> heroically hurled 30 innings in three games. For pitching too many innings in one day, a three-woman Illinois sports commission suspended her from pitching in any game in her upcoming senior season and also banned the softball team from post-season play in 1974. She also pitched a no-hitter in a loss in the semifinals of the 1972 Women's College World Series. <mask> went on to pitch for the St. Louis Hummers in the women's professional softball league. Coaching career

Illinois State
Wright graduated from Illinois State in 1974.She became head softball coach at Metamora Township High School right after graduation. <mask> then became an assistant softball coach at Eastern Illinois University in 1978. Returning to Illinois State, <mask> began as head softball coach in 1980. In six years at Illinois State, <mask> compiled a record of 163 wins, 92 losses, and 2 ties, including a 40-win season in 1981. Fresno State
In 1985, <mask> was hired by California State University, Fresno as its head softball coach, a position she held for 27 years. She led Fresno State to a national championship in 1998, the first national championship won by Fresno State in any team sport. As of 2009, she had coached 53 All-Americans, 16 Academic All-Americans, 11 NCAA team statistical champions, eight professionals, and 15 Olympians.In 33 years as a head softball coach, <mask> compiled a record of 1,457 wins, 542 losses and 3 ties. She is the NCAA's all-time winningest softball coach, and also ranks second all-time in career victories among NCAA Division I coaches in all sports, trailing only Texas Longhorns baseball coach (and Fresno State alumnus) Augie Garrido. <mask>'s significant career milestones include:
 In March 1980, she won her first game as a head coach by a score of 6-0 over New Mexico. In March 1992, she achieved her 500th career victory with a 2-1 win over Arizona. In March 2000, she broke Judi Garman's mark as the all-time winningest softball coach with career victory No. 914, a 1-0 win over Oklahoma. In March 2002, she became the first softball coach to amass 1,000 wins with a 5-3 win over Boston University.In May 2008, she achieved her 1,300th win by a score of 3-2 against New Mexico State.</ref>
 In February 2010, <mask> achieved her 600th win at Fresno State's home field, Bulldog Diamond. In May 2010, she took Fresno State to a record 29th straight NCAA softball tournament, ultimately losing to the 2010 national championship team from UCLA. <mask> has become a popular figure in the Fresno community and was inducted into the Fresno County Athletic Hall of Fame in 2008. Interviewed by the USA Today in May 2000, <mask> said, "The city is great. I do a lot of speaking engagements out in the community, and I guess the people like what they hear. Certainly, if you're successful, they'll come out and support you." Bulldog Diamond was renamed <mask> <mask> Diamond by Fresno State on May 3, 2014 in her honor.Team USA
<mask> served as an assistant coach on the United States women's softball team that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She was the head coach of the United States women's national softball team that won a gold medal at the 1998 International Softball Federation Women's World Championship. Youth softball
After leaving Fresno State, <mask> became Director of Player Development for the Wheatland Spikes, a premier youth fastpitch softball program located in Aurora, Illinois. Hall of fame inductions
<mask> was inducted into the National Fastpitch Coaches Association Hall of Fame in  2000. In 2001, she became the third softball individual to be inducted into the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame in New York. The International Women's Sports Hall of Fame was established by Billie Jean King in 1974 and honors individuals who have achieved outstanding success in athletics and had a significant impact on women's sports. On learning of her induction to the international hall, <mask> said, "What I think is so special about this honor is it's not so much about the records and championships, but how someone has affected others through sports.It's an extremely prestigious award, and I'm very humble to receive [it]. It goes to all those athletes who've made life worthwhile." <mask> has also been inducted into the Illinois ASA Hall of Fame, the Illinois State University Athletic Hall of Fame, and the Fresno County Athletic Hall of Fame. Head coaching record

See also
National Fastpitch Coaches Association Hall of Fame
List of college softball coaches with 1,000 wins

References

External links
 Wheatland Spikes

1952 births
Living people
Illinois State Redbirds softball players
Illinois State Redbirds softball coaches
Fresno State Bulldogs softball coaches
People from Macon County, Illinois
Softball players from Illinois
Softball coaches from Illinois
United States women's national softball team coaches
Eastern Illinois Panthers softball coaches

masks:
Marjorie Ann Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Margie
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright


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<mask> (also spelled Lawrence, born <mask>; February 20, 1949) is an American singer. The youngest daughter of Louise and Ira Tucker, a gospel songwriter, producer, and singer, <mask>'s siblings are Sundray Tucker and Ira Tucker Jr.

<mask> is best known for being a part of two Motown acts: Stevie Wonder's backup group The Third Generation, and a member of The Supremes from April 1972 through October 1973, performing alongside lead singer Jean Terrell and founding member Mary Wilson, replacing Cindy Birdsong after her departure from the group. Biography

Early years
<mask> began her career singing with a group named the Pendelles. Her sister, Sundray Tucker, was also in this group. She eventually made her way to Stevie Wonder's group Third Generation a predecessor to Wonderlove in 1969. At this time, her sister was going by the name Cindy Scott, and rejoined <mask> in the group. <mask>, Scott and a third member, cousin Terri Hendricks, were billed as "The Third Generation" toured with Wonder to promote his single "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours", which prominently featured <mask> on back-up vocals.The Supremes (1972-1973)
Main entry: The Supremes
In 1972, Mary Wilson, who chose to continue the legacy of The Supremes after the departure of Florence Ballard in 1967 and lead singer Diana Ross in 1970, was about to lose another member of the group, Cindy Birdsong, who was expecting a baby. Birdsong  originally replaced Tucker in the group The Ordettes, later to be named Patti LaBelle & the Bluebelles, so it was ironic that Tucker's sister, <mask> took Birdsong's place as a backing vocalist. At this time, Jean Terrell was the lead singer of The Supremes. <mask> joined the group around the time the group issued their Floy Joy album, and appeared on the cover with Terrell and Wilson, though Birdsong had sung on the album before her departure. Among the songs she recorded with the group included the Wonder produced single, "Bad Weather", and The Supremes Produced and Arranged by Jimmy Webb album plus The Supremes Live! In Japan album recorded in 1973. While with The Supremes at Motown, <mask> was never given the opportunity to record a lead vocal, however she did sing lead in concert on two occasions, the first being her debut with the Supremes in May 1972 at Hawaii's H.I.C Arena, when she replaced a sick Jean Terrell to perform alongside Wilson and Birdsong, and later at the Copacabana in New York.She also contributed the occasional lead in concert, singing a lead verse to the group's 1972 live version of "Love The One Your With". In October 1973, when <mask> was expecting a baby herself, she was again replaced by a returning Birdsong. In addition, Terrell quit that year and was replaced by Scherrie Payne. Later career
In 1975, <mask>, along with Tucker and soon-to-be-Supreme Susaye Greene, together with others added backing vocals to Stevie Wonder's Songs in the Key of Life, which was released in 1976. The same year, <mask> teamed up again with Tucker, this time under the name The Wilton Place Street Band. Under the leadership of <mask>'s then-husband, the record producer and musician Trevor Lawrence, they recorded "Disco Lucy", which was a re-working of the theme tune to the I Love Lucy show. In 2000, <mask> joined Diana Ross and Scherrie Payne for the Return to Love Tour billed as Diana Ross & The Supremes, despite the three principals never having been members of the numerous Supremes line-ups together at any previous time.The tour was cancelled after less than half of the scheduled dates. Background work
<mask> has provided studio backing vocals for:
 Stevie Wonder for his Signed, Sealed, and Delivered album in 1970
 Stevie Wonder for his Songs in the Key of Life album in 1976
 Aretha Franklin for her Love All The Hurt Away album in 1981
 Moacir Santos
 Jean Terrell for her I Had To Fall in Love album in 1978
 Joe Cocker
 Brian Setzer
 Harry Nilsson
 Brandy Norwood
 Ringo Starr
 Martha Reeves

Solo career
As a solo artist, <mask> recorded the songs "Give Me Back Just A Little Piece Of My Heart", "Life Is The Reason" and "Make Your Own Kind Of Music", among others, which were released under the name of Norma Lewis in the late 1980s. (<mask> was one of several session singers to provide vocals for the “Norma Lewis” project.) In 1990 and 1991 <mask> also recorded several solo tracks for the UK based Motorcity Records label, including the single "Living With A Married Man". The label folded before <mask> released a full album, however these songs have previously been released on subsequent Motorcity releases. <mask> <mask> was notably the first singer to record the song "I Still Believe", later made famous by Brenda K Starr and Mariah Carey. Former Ladies of the Supremes/FLOS/Scherrie and Lynda, Formerly of the Supremes
<mask> (once again replacing Cindy Birdsong) joined Jean Terrell and Scherrie Payne to form The Former Ladies of the Supremes in 1986.The FLOS have recorded many songs, including remakes of Supremes tunes plus a catalog of many non-Motown and original songs, including the 2006 dance single “Sisters United (We’re Taking Control)”. The FLOS have maintained a solid fan base and in 2011 celebrated their 25th anniversary together. Group Changes: Jean left in 1992 and was replaced by <mask>'s sister, Sundray Tucker. (Sundray herself was once eyed as a potential Supreme, in 1972, but the position was offered to Lynda instead.) Sundray left in 1996 and was replaced by Freddi Poole, who left in 2009, with Joyce Vincent Wilson (formerly of Tony Orlando and Dawn) stepping in as the newest member. The group, still popular and touring, remained in this formation until mid 2017 when <mask> stepped down and was replaced by former Supreme Susaye Greene. Further Changes: On June 21, 2017, shortly after a soundcheck, Joyce became ill and was sent to the hospital.Scherrie and Lynda performed the show as a duo; this was the first time in over twenty years the group performed with just two members. Notably, this would also be their last performance with <mask>. On October 6, 2017, it was reported via Facebook that <mask> had departed the group to move into other areas of the music business. She was replaced by 1970s Supreme Susaye Greene, and the group (now consisting of Greene, Payne, and Vincent) was renamed "Scherrie & Susaye, Formerly of The Supremes". Personal life

Lynda was married to drummer Trevor Lawrence. Together they have a son, Trevor Ira Lawrence. Discography
Over the years <mask> recorded many tracks, only a few of which have been released as solo projects.Her first Video was filmed  in Los Angeles California at the well known "At My Place" venue. As Norma Lewis
 "Give Me Back Just A Little Piece Of My Heart"
 "Life Is The Reason"
 "When Loving You"
 "You’ve Got Something"
 "Make Your Own Kind Of Music"

Motorcity Records
 "Forever"
 "Forever Came Today"
 "I'm Not Taking A Chance"
 "Right Around Midnight"
 "If This World We're Mine"
 "Outside Looking In"
 "The Man In My Life"
 "Living With A Married Man"
 "Fresh Out Of Tears"
 "It's A Crying Shame"

with Harry Nilsson
 "Just One Look"/"Baby I'm Yours"

Unreleased
 "Don't Cross The Street"
 "Feed The Hunger"
 "It Finally Happened To Be"
 "Someone Wonderful"

Live At The Courthouse
Although never officially released, <mask> recorded a solo set of jazz material at Lps Angeles's Courthouse venue, with resident band, Night Court. "On A Clear Day You Can See Forever"
 "I Wish You Love"
 "Green Dolphin Street"
 "Ill Wind"
 "Give Me The Simple Life"
 "Love Dance"
 "It Don't Mean A Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)"
 "Fever"
 "How Sweet It Is To Be Loved By You"

References

1949 births
The Supremes members
Living people
20th-century African-American women singers
21st-century African-American women singers

masks:
Lynda Laurence
Lynda Tucker
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Lynda
Laurence
Laurence
Lynda
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence


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<mask>, Countess of Essex (18 September 1794 – 22 February 1882) was an English operatic singer and actress. Early life

Stephens was the daughter of Edward Stephens, a carver and gilder in Park Street, Grosvenor Square, and was born on 18 September 1794. In 1807, having shown, like her elder sisters, some musical ability, she was placed under Gesualdo Lanza, with whom she remained five years. Under his care she sang in Bath, Bristol, Southampton, Ramsgate, Margate and other places, appearing early in 1812 in subordinate parts at the Pantheon as member of an Italian opera company, headed by Teresa Bertinotti. At the close, in 1812, of her engagement with Lanza, her father placed her under Thomas Welsh, as whose pupil she sang anonymously on 17 and 19 November in Manchester. Operatic and acting career
On 23 September 1813, she appeared at Covent Garden as Mandane in Artaxerxes, obtaining a conspicuous success, especially in the airs 'Checked by duty, racked by love,’ and 'The soldier tired of war's alarms,’ and being compared to Angelica Catalani and Elizabeth Billington. On 22 October, she sang as Polly in the Beggar's Opera, and on 12 November, as Clara in The Duenna; also Rosetta in Love in a Village.Lanza and Welsh both claimed the honour of instructing her. At the concert of ancient music in March 1814 she was assigned the principal soprano songs, and she sang later in the year in the festivals in Norwich and Birmingham. At Covent Garden, where she remained with few interruptions from her first appearance in 1813 down to 1822, she at first received £12 a week; this was successively advanced to £20 and £25 a week. 1813 to 1818
On 1 February 1814, she was the original Mrs. Cornflower in the Farmer's Wife of Charles Dibdin, junior. She played Ophelia to the Hamlet of Young and that of Kemble, and on the first occasion (21 March) introduced into the character the song of "Mad Bess", for which she was hissed. She played Matilda in Richard Cœur de Lion, and on 31 May, as Desdemona to Young's Othello, sang the original air of "My mother had a maid called Barbara". On 1 February 1815 she was the original Donna Isidora in William Dimond's Brother and Sister; on 7 April Donna Orynthia in the Noble Outlaw, founded on the Pilgrim of Beaumont and Fletcher; and on 7 June Eucharis in Telemachus.Next season she was Sylvia in Cymon, Hermia in Midsummer Night's Dream, Imogen, Cora in Columbus, and on 12 March 1816, the first Lucy Bertram in Daniel Terry's adaptation of Guy Mannering. Among original parts in lesser works in the next season stands out Diana Vernon in Isaac Pocock's Rob Roy Macgregor. She also played Cowslip in the Agreeable Surprise. 1819 to 1828
On the first production of the Marriage of Figaro on 6 March 1819, she was Susanna to the Figaro of John Liston, and in the premiere of Heart of Midlothian by Daniel Terry, on 17 April, she was Effie Deans. On 14 December she played Adriana in the Comedy of Errors, converted by Frederick Reynolds into an opera. In Terry's Antiquary on 25 January 1820, she was the first Isabella Wardour, and in an adaptation of Ivanhoe, which followed on 2 March, she was Rowena.She played Florence St. Leon in Henri Quatre, or Paris in the Olden Time. In Don John, or the Two Violettas, 20 February 1821, an opera based by Reynolds on the Chances, altered from Fletcher by the Duke of Buckingham, she was the second Violetta.She played Dorinda in John Dryden's Tempest. On 14 February 1822, she was the first Annot Lyle in Montrose or the Children of the Mist. On 11 May 1822, she played Nourjadee on the production of George Colman the Younger's Law of Java. The following season she joined Robert William Elliston at the Drury Lane Theatre, less happily. For her benefit on 27 April 1823, she played Annette in the Lord of the Manor. In Samuel Beazley's Philandering, on 13 January 1824, she was the first Emile, and in Reynolds's operatic version of the Merry Wives of Windsor, on 20 February, Mrs. Ford. On the production of an anonymous version of Faustus on 16 May 1825, she was the Adine (Margaret).Malvina in George Macfarren's Malvina was seen on 28 January 1826; Edith Plantagenet in Knights of the Cross followed on 29 May. Gulnare in Dimond's Englishmen in India was seen on 27 January 1827. In the following season she was again at Covent Garden, where she played Blanch Mackay in Carron Side, or the Fête Champêtre, on 27 May 1828. Concert singer
High as was the reputation Stephens made in opera, it was still higher as a concert singer. She sang with John Duruset in Dublin in July 1821 and again in 1825; and in Edinburgh in 1814. She also visited Liverpool and other places. Until her retirement in 1835 she starred at concerts and festivals.Later life
On 19 April 1838, Stephens married, at 9 Belgrave Square, George Capel-Coningsby, 5th Earl of Essex, an octogenarian widower, who died on 23 April 1839. As Countess of Essex, she survived him forty-three years, taking an interest in theatrical matters. She died of bronchitis on 22 February 1882 in the house in which she was married, and was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery. Reputation
Stephens was well known for her beautiful soprano voice, particularly of ballads. William Hazlitt, who spoke of her and Edmund Kean as the only theatrical favourites he had, wrote his first theatrical criticism on her in the Morning Chronicle. After hearing her as Polly and as Mandane, Leigh Hunt said that they 'are like nothing else on the stage, and leave all competition far behind;’ Thomas Noon Talfourd recalled the days when he heard her send forth 'a stream of such delicious sound as he had never found proceeding from human lips.' William Oxberry gave her unmixed praise.A portrait painted by John Jackson hangs in the National Portrait Gallery, London; another by Dewilde, as Mandane in Artaxerxes, is in the Mathews collection of the Garrick Club, which contains an anonymous portrait. Family
A Miss Stephens, possibly an elder sister, made, as Polly in the 'Beggar's Opera,’ a successful first appearance on the stage on 29 November 1799, and played in 1800 and 1801 Sophia in 'Of Age To-morrow,’ Violetta in the 'Egyptian Festival,’ Blanche in Mrs. Plowden's 'Virginia,’ Rosetta in 'Love in a Village,’ and other parts. References

1794 births
1882 deaths
18th-century English people
19th-century English people
19th-century British actresses
British stage actresses
19th-century English singers
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Catherine
English countesses
19th-century English musicians


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<mask> "Budgie<mask> (April 8, 1952 – June 11, 2008) was a Canadian professional soccer player best known for winning the World Superstars competition three years in a row from 1978 to 1980. He was also a soccer sportscaster. Early years
Born in Toronto and raised in Delta, British Columbia to an Atlantic Canadian couple, <mask> was the second of four children and only son. Budd was an all-around athlete in his youth. He was a competitive swimmer and was training to be a figure skater until he quit at age 14. He did not focus on soccer until he was 19 years old. Career

College
Budd won a CIAU championship medal as a member of the UBC Thunderbirds in 1974.Professional
<mask> played seven seasons in the North American Soccer League. He began his career with the Vancouver Whitecaps in 1974 in the team's inaugural season and remained with the squad until 1978, when he was acquired by the Colorado Caribou in that team's only season. After languishing on the bench and playing in just two games, <mask> requested a trade to the Toronto Metros-Croatia, and the deal was made in May 1978. He scored five goals in his first four games with Toronto. In 1979, <mask> returned to the team, renamed the Toronto Blizzard under new owners, but did not play regularly. With a year left on his contract, he was offered an outright release by the Blizzard in November so he could play a full season of indoor soccer. He chose to remain with the Blizzard.<mask> began the 1980 season in Toronto but was released in June. He then signed with the Houston Hurricane and played there for the remainder of the season, finishing his NASL career. <mask> may have played for the reserve team of Ayr United at some point in the mid-1970s. <mask> played indoor soccer professionally with the Cleveland Force of the original Major Indoor Soccer League. He led the Force in scoring in their maiden season, 1978–79, with 29 points (25 goals, 4 assists) and was named the team's MVP. The Force finished the year in last place in the six-team league with the weakest offence in the MISL. He did not return the following year because it would have overlapped with training camp for the outdoor season.In 1980, <mask> signed a two-year deal with the Baltimore Blast. International
<mask> was a member of the Canadian national soccer team. He scored two goals in earning seven caps, including a goal against the United States in a 1978 World Cup qualifying match played in Port-au-Prince, Haiti on 22 December 1976, in which Canada prevailed 3–0. His shot deflected off a defender, a post and the crossbar before settling in the American net to give Canada a 1–0 lead in a crucial playoff match. <mask>'s final international appearance came in a 2–1 victory over Suriname on 12 October 1977 in Mexico City, playing briefly with a broken leg before coming off in the 77th minute, leaving Canada to play with 10 men for the latter part of the match. International goals
Scores and results list Canada's goal tally first. Post-retirement
Following his retirement, Budd became a colour commentator on Toronto Blizzard broadcasts in 1982 and was the club's director of public affairs until the end of 1983.He also provided reports from Spain of the 1982 World Cup for CKEY (AM) in Toronto. Budd worked until his death, as a soccer analyst on The Score's The Footy Show. From 2006, Budd also worked in sales management for InBev, owners of Labatt Brewing Company. Superstars
From 1977 to 1979, <mask> won three straight Canadian Superstars competitions. His Canadian victories earned <mask> a spot, in those years, in the  annual World Superstars contests, produced by U.S. broadcaster ABC Sports, which Budd won each time. Budd was an excellent all-rounder, doing well in each event that he competed. Budd's total winnings from the Canadian and World Superstars contests were about $170,000.His best events were the 800 meter/half mile run and chin ups. ABC Sports imposed a rule that three-time champions were no longer invited back. Some believe that the rule was created specifically for Budd and refer to it as the "Budd rule." <mask> believed that ABC wanted him removed from the show because he was not well known to the American TV audience. ABC Sports later applied the rule to soccer player Kyle Rote Jr. and speed skater Anne Henning, when each won three U.S. Superstars contests. However, well known hurdler Renaldo Nehemiah won four U.S. Superstars competitions in the 1980s and continued to compete. Superstars Record

Death
Budd was found collapsed at his Toronto home on the evening of Wednesday, June 11, 2008 and died late that night.He was survived by his wife Brenda, a son, Riley, and a daughter, Bridgette. After his death the Canadian Soccer Hall of Fame established the Brian Budd Award to recognize those who have excelled both in soccer and in another endeavours, but who might not otherwise qualify for induction. The candidate must exemplify good character, show outstanding dedication, achievements and leadership in developing soccer in Canada and provide inspiration to past, present and future generations. References

External links
Player profile at CanadaSoccer.com
 Peter Gzowski interviews Budd on CBC TV in 1978
 Obituary in the Globe and Mail
 40 Minute Tribute Video from The Score
 Budd's playing statistics compliments nasljerseys.com

1952 births
2008 deaths
Baltimore Blast (original MISL) players
Soccer people from British Columbia
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Canadian expatriate soccer players
Canada men's international soccer players
Canadian soccer players
Canadian television sportscasters
Canadian people of English descent
Cleveland Force (original MISL) players
Colorado Caribous players
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Association football forwards
Houston Hurricane players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
People from Delta, British Columbia
Soccer players from Toronto
Toronto Blizzard (1971–1984) players
UBC Thunderbirds soccer players
Vancouver Whitecaps (1974–1984) players

masks:
Brian
" Budd
Brian
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd
Budd


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<mask><mask> (born August 21, 1936) is an American civil engineer, educator, genealogist and author. He was in the first graduating class (BSCE,1961) of the School of Civil Engineering established by Robert L. Ketter at the University of Buffalo (UB) in 1956. He also earned a master's degree from UB (MSCE, 1970). As a civil engineer, he is an expert in the hydrology and water levels of the U. S. Great Lakes, and is credited, along with his team on the Lake Erie Wastewater Management Study at the Buffalo District of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, with the development of a plan that helped restore Lake Erie to more pristine conditions in the 1970s. He is an expert in Lake Erie ice formation and management. He taught as an adjunct professor in Civil Engineering at UB for twenty-five years, receiving the New York State Society of Professional Engineers' Engineering Educator of the Year award in 1993. After his retirement from the engineering field, <mask>, a first-generation Sicilian American brought up on the East Side and then the West Side of Buffalo, became an experienced genealogist, researching the Sicilian origins of his own family (from Serradifalco, Sicily), and numerous others.His experiences in researching and traveling to Sicily led to his authorship of the book The Lady of the Wheel (La Ruotaia), which tells of the lives of poor Sicilian foundlings and sulfur miners in the late 1800s in Racalmuto, Sicily. Since 2017, Coniglio has been a technical consultant on foundlings for Henry Louis Gates Jr.'s PBS television series Finding Your Roots. Coniglio writes genealogy columns for several monthly magazines and Italian/Sicilian American newsletters, and gives frequent lectures on the topic. In 2013 he received a first-place NAMPA award for his column "Breaking Down the 1930 Census: The Search for Our Ancestry" in the monthly magazine Forever Young. He also writes for L'Italo Americano, a U.S. West Coast bilingual weekly. Coniglio is currently working on his first full-length novel, to be entitled The Mountain of the Hawk (La Serra del Falcone), a fictional account based on the history of his ancestral town of Serradifalco and its inhabitants. He has web pages devoted to Sicilian genealogical records, foundlings, and the Sicilian language.<mask> has been a vocal social and sports activist. In the early 1970s, he brought a class action suit against the National Football League over its  policy of charging full regular-season prices for meaningless exhibition games mandatorily included in season-ticket packages. The suit failed after being raised to the U. S. Supreme Court, prompting Coniglio to remark "I learned that the Anti-Trust laws don't protect the public from avaricious businessmen, they protect avaricious businessmen from each other!" As an avid American Football League (AFL, 1960 - 1969) fan, Coniglio lobbied successfully to have the Kansas City Chiefs wear a ten-year AFL shoulder patch in the fourth and final AFL-NFL World Championship game. He has been a proponent of wider appreciation of the American Football League and its players, lobbying for more AFL players to be inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and prompting Professional Football to acknowledge the legacy of the AFL during its fiftieth anniversary season in 2009. He appeared in the 2009 Showtime television series Full Color Football: The History of the American Football League. Coniglio's Remember the AFL website is among the most-referenced sites for information, images and statistics relating to the AFL.He is acknowledged as an expert on the history of the league, and lectures on the AFL and its influence on modern Professional Football. <mask> has lobbied strongly for greater recognition of Buffalo's role in the establishment of the Erie Canal, which established New York City as a major port. He proposes an Ellis Island-inspired Buffalo Erie Canal Museum and Visitor's Center which would describe Buffalo's role as the Western Terminus of the Canal, and the nexus for the country's great western migration of pioneers. He is a strong advocate for recognition of Sicilian heritage, actively writing and posting articles about the history of Sicily, its language and its contributions to world culture, which he maintains far outweigh negative elements often emphasized in popular media. His love for Sicilian culture led him to become a minor investor in a full-length documentary film by author and producer Mark Spano. The film, originally entitled 'Re-imagining Sicily', is 'Sicily: Land of Love and Strife'. After its April 2018 world premiere in Spano's home town of Kansas City, Missouri, the film then went to its Canadian premiere in Hamilton, Ontario, on June 20.<mask> collaborated with Spano to present the film's East Coast premiere in Buffalo on June 25, 2018. The event was a sellout and required a second showing. Coniglio remarked "Attendees saw a film that extolled the beauty and culture of Sicily, without the foolish glorification of criminal elements that has come to be expected in films about my homeland. I commend Mark Spano for creating such a film." <mask>'s first language was Sicilian, and combining his experience as an educator and his knowledge of the language, in September 2021 he instituted Buffalo's first class in the Sicilian language, "Conversational Sicilian for Beginners" at the new location of the Buffalo Italian Cultural Center. Due to popular demand "Conversational Sicilian for Beginners - Part 2" is now also being offered  In January 2022, under Coniglio's direction, the Center intiated the CCI Genealogy Station, with on-line access to genealogy sites, and hands-on instruction to assist Buffalo's Sicilian and Italian Americans in tracing their ancestry. Coniglio also led a successful fight to have the name of his alma mater retain its major reference to BUFFALO rather than 'New York' as proposed by now-departed UB Athletic Director Danny White, who had no ties to the Buffalo region.He is a distant cousin of Indy car driver Al Loquasto, and of set designer Santo Loquasto. All are descendants of Libertino lo Guasto, a foundling born in Serradifalco, Sicily in 1796. He is also a cousin of Arizona Diamondbacks manager Torey Lovullo. <mask> and his wife Angela summer at their cottage on Crystal Beach Hill in Ontario, Canada. <mask> and his wife had two children, both of whom predeceased him. References

External links

 Bibliography

1936 births
American writers of Italian descent
21st-century American novelists
American civil engineers
American male novelists
American educators
American genealogists
Historians of Sicily
Historians of immigration to the United States
Living people
Writers from Buffalo, New York
American historical novelists
University at Buffalo alumni
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from New York (state)
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
Engineers from New York (state)
Historians from New York (state)

masks:
Angelo F
. Coniglio
Coniglio
Coniglio
Coniglio
Coniglio
Coniglio
Coniglio
Coniglio


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<mask> (born 1969 in Albuquerque, New Mexico) is an American author, journalist, and film producer, known for her bestselling novel, The Dirty Girls Social Club. Early life
<mask> was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Her father, Nelson Valdés, is a retired sociology professor at the University of New Mexico, and emigrated from Cuba in the early 1960s. Her mother, Maxine Conant, is a seventh-generation New Mexican of mixed heritage, including Spanish, Mexican, French Jewish, Native American and Irish ancestry, with English lines tracing directly back to Roger Conant, founder of Salem, Massachusetts, and Vermont revolutionary Ethan Allen. <mask> is a poet and novelist. <mask> spent her childhood primarily in New Mexico, but also lived briefly in Glasgow, Scotland and New Orleans. Upon her graduation from Del Norte High School in Albuquerque she attended Berklee College of Music in Boston where she majored in jazz performance on the tenor saxophone.Journalism career
While a student at Berklee, <mask> began writing freelance music reviews for The Boston Globe. After graduating from Berklee in 1992, she took an unpaid internship at the Village Voice, before going back to school to earn a master's degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in 1994. <mask> joined the staff of The Boston Globe in 1994, where she wrote for the Living/Arts section. Her essay for The Boston Globe Magazine, "Daughter of Cuba," won first place in the 1998 SUNMAG essay contest. In 1999, <mask> left Boston for a position as staff writer in the Calendar section of the Los Angeles Times. Her articles have appeared in dozens of newspapers, and she has written cover stories for Glamour and Redbook. <mask> continues to work in journalism, writing a weekly parenting column for the website "Mamiverse", an opinion piece for NBC Latino, a travel piece for London newspaper The Guardian, and contributing posts for The Huffington Post Books section.Literary career

Her first novel, The Dirty Girls Social Club, was purchased by St. Martin's Press a little more than a year after she left the Los Angeles Times. She was paid an advance of $475,000 after five publishing houses bid for the manuscript. In a profile of the writer, entitled "The Latina Terry McMillan? ", Chicago Tribune reporter Patrick T. Reardon wrote: "What made [the book] especially hot was the belief among publishers that <mask>-Rodriguez could be the long-sought 'Latina Terry McMillan' -- a writer whose work would jump-start Hispanic book buying in the U.S. and create a new profitable publishing niche..." The Dirty Girls Social Club garnered media attention and went on to become a New York Times bestseller and a Booksense 76 top pick. <mask> has since written twelve novels: Playing With Boys in 2004; Make Him Look Good in 2006;  a young adult novel, Haters, in 2006;  Dirty Girls on Top, a sequel to The Dirty Girls Social Club, in 2008, The Husband Habit in 2009, and The Three Kings  in 2010, All That Glitters in 2011, Lauren's Saints of Dirty Faith in 2011, The Temptation in 2012, Puta in 2013, The Temptation of Demetrio Vigil in 2013, and the short romance ebooks Billy, the Man; A Better Love Than Husband, and Forgive Me My Sins, all in 2013. <mask> wrote a memoir, The Feminist and the Cowboy: An Unlikely Love Story, published in 2013. The book detailed her relationship with a conservative ranch hand and how it led her to rethink some of her feminist beliefs.After its publication, <mask> alleged that the relationship was abusive. In 2005, Time dubbed <mask> "The Godmother of Chica Lit" and named her one of the 25 most influential Hispanics in the United States. Hispanic Business Magazine has twice named her among the 100 Most Influential Hispanics in America. In 2006, the Hispanic Congressional Caucus awarded <mask> with a Latina Leadership award, and she participated in the National Book Festival at the Library of Congress. She also received the Theatre of Hearts "Youth First" award in Los Angeles in 2004. Film career
Before its publication in 2003, the film rights to The Dirty Girls Social Club were optioned by Columbia Pictures with Jennifer Lopez and Laura Ziskin as producers, but the option expired without going into production. The Lifetime Television network then began to develop the book as a television series.The project did not progress beyond development. <mask> next partnered with Nely Galán's Cienfuegos Films company, to make an independent film based upon the novel, with <mask>, Galán and Debra Martin Chase as executive producers and <mask> as creator and screenwriter, but the deal never came to pass. Ann Lopez, ex-wife of comedian George Lopez, optioned The Dirty Girls Social Club in 2009. NBC was developing the novel with Lopez and her company Encanto Productions for the 2011-2012 television season. In December 2010, <mask> publicly accused Ann Lopez and screenplay writer Luisa Leschin of racism and homophobia after reading a draft of their proposed pilot script. She later retracted some of her statements about Lopez and Leschin, while maintaining her displeasure with the script. NBC ultimately did not order a pilot of The Dirty Girls Social Club.<mask> formed her own production company, Valdes Entertainment Enterprises VeeFilms.com is for sale, in 2013 to develop The Dirty Girls Social Club for film. <mask> teamed up with television producers MarVista Entertainment to help produce the film. Bibliography

Novels

The Dirty Girls Social Club (2003)
Playing with Boys (2004)
Make Him Look Good (2006)
Haters (2006)
Dirty Girls on Top (2008)
The Husband Habit (2010)
All That Glitters (2011)
The Three Kings (2010)
Laurens Saints of Dirty Faith (2011)
The Temptation (2012)
Puta (2012)
The Temptation of Demetrio Vigil (2013)

Novelitas

Lauren's Very Dirty Chapter (2012)
Billy, the Man (2012)
Better Lover Than a Husband (2013)
Forgive Me My Sins (2013)

Anthologies

Girls Night In (2004)
Girls Night Out (anthology) (2006)
Maybe Baby (anthology) (2006)

Memoirs
The Feminist and the Cowboy (2013)

See also

List of Cuban American writers
List of Cuban Americans

References

External links

 Official website
Valdes Entertainment Enterprises LLC website

1969 births
Living people
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
American writers of Cuban descent
American chick lit writers
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Writers from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Hispanic and Latino American novelists
21st-century American women writers
Berklee College of Music alumni

masks:
Alisa Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes
Valdes