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<mask> (born 13 March 1995) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga 1 club Bhayangkara and the Indonesia national team. Personal life
<mask> was born in the city of Surabaya in East Java province to a low-income family that once depended on his father Condro Darmono's job as a security guard. As one of the highest paid Indonesian footballers, <mask> is now the breadwinner of his extensive family. He is a devout Muslim who celebrates every goal by performing the Sujud. He is currently also enrolled as a student at the Dr. Soetomo University, majoring in public administration. His favorite player and inspiration is former FC Barcelona midfielder, Andrés Iniesta who showed diminutive players can also excel on the world level. He idolized Persebaya Surabaya during childhood and cut teeth in the club's youth team.He signed his first professional contract in 2014, when Indonesian football was complicated by the dualism of several clubs, with a faction of Persebaya that later became Bhayangkara F.C. Club career

Youth
<mask> trained at Surabaya soccer schools for boys until he entered Persebaya's youth team in 2010 at the age of 15. While at Persebaya, <mask> became a regular member of the Indonesian national youth squads of various age levels. He also trained in Spain after being chosen with other Indonesian young players to visit FC Barcelona's training facilities. In 2012, he also attended the now-defunct Nike Academy, a program run by Nike Inc. that gathered promising teenage footballers from around the world. Persebaya ISL (Bhayangkara)
After years of training in the Persebaya system, it was natural for <mask> to enter the senior team of the club. However, when the youth star decided to become a professional player, Persebaya was embroiled in an internal schism derived from the 2011-2014 dualism of Indonesian football.Several top-flight clubs at that time split into two factions with one following the Indonesian Super League (ISL) while the other joining the short-lived Indonesian Premier League (LPI). <mask> along with six other teenage players chose in November 2014 to join the ISL faction of Persebaya. After unification attempts in 2014-16 and a series of legal naming disputes, this team in 2016 turned into Bhayangkara F.C. with financial support from the Indonesian National Police. As soon as <mask> joined in November 2014, A-League club Brisbane Roar showed interest in hiring the midfielder on loan from Persebaya. However, a deal did not pan out. After months of tumult in Indonesian football that forced ISL to start its 2015 season in April, <mask> Kukar at Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium in Surabaya.However, <mask>'s much-anticipated entry into professional football was ruined by a government intervention to stop the ISL in May 2015. That intervention itself prompted FIFA to ban Indonesia from all authorized footballing activities for one year. During the FIFA suspension, Persebaya initiated to send its young star to Spain where <mask> can train and trial with several clubs, including Segunda Division club UE Llagostera and  the B team of La Liga club RCD Espanyol. However, he failed to impress clubs there enough to hire him. Bhayangkara FC
When <mask> returned to Indonesia in mid-2016, the Persebaya club that he represented had lost in legal disputes and eventually renamed itself into Bhayangkara F.C. with the support of the Indonesian National Police. <mask> joined the Bhayangkara team that participated in the 2016 Indonesia Soccer Championship A.The next year, with <mask> at the heart of its midfield, Bhayangkara won the 2017 Liga 1 title, which was the first trophy in his professional career. This achievement led to offers from clubs abroad. Selangor FA
On 2 December 2017, <mask> signed a one-year contract with Malaysia Super League club Selangor on a free transfer, along with Indonesian compatriot Ilham Armaiyn. He made his first-team debut for Selangor when he was part of the starting lineup of a 2018 Malaysia Super League match against Kuala Lumpur F.A. on 4 February 2018, in which Selangor won. <mask> scored his first league goal in the 2018 Malaysia Super League for Selangor in a 2–1 victory over PKNS at the Kuala Lumpur Stadium. While he had a good season in his first year overseas with 20 appearances and two goals, <mask> decided to return home at the end of the contract year.Barito Putera
On 26 December 2018, <mask> signed a one-year contract with Liga 1 side Barito Putera. <mask> made his Barito Putera debut in the first leg Round of 32 2018–19 Piala Indonesia against PSS Sleman on 23 January 2019. <mask> made his first Liga 1 appearance on 20 May 2019, coming on as an starter in a 1–1 drew with Persija Jakarta at the 17th May Stadium. <mask> scored his first league goal in the 2019 Liga 1 for Barito Putera in a 4–2 loss over Bhayangkara at the Patriot Stadium. Although <mask> played regularly and scored two goals in the 2019 Liga 1 season, he did not show the performance that grabbed attention and the national title in 2017. Barito languished at the 13th position when the season concluded and failed to keep <mask> for another year. Persija Jakarta
After weeks of speculation around which team would interest him, <mask> signed for one of the richest clubs in Indonesia, Persija Jakarta, to play in the 2020 Liga 1.<mask> made his Persija debut in a 3–2 won against Borneo on 1 March 2020 as a substitute for Sandi Sute in the 19th minute, and he also scored his first goal for the team in the 86th minutes. And then, season that ended after only three matches due to the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> only played in two games but managed to score two goals, which was the same amount in his 20 appearances in Selangor and Barito respectively. There was high expectation that <mask> finally found a team that could showcase his talent. Return to Bhayangkara FC
That expectation failed to pan out due to the canceled 2020 season and Persija's failure to keep <mask> for another year. In early 2021, <mask> decided to re-join former club Bhayangkara, signing a one-year contract. <mask> made his Bhayangkara debut in a 2–1 won against Persiraja Banda Aceh on 29 August 2021 as a substitute for Wahyu Suboseto in the 76th minute.International career
Since 2010, <mask> has been hailed as a standout talent in Indonesia. A playmaking midfielder of the country's national youth teams from the age of 15, he captained the Indonesia U-17 and Indonesia U-19 that won the 2012 HKFA International Youth Invitation, 2013 HKFA International Youth Invitation and 2013 AFF U-19 Youth Championship. He scored five goals in the 2013 AFF U-19 Youth Championship and became the top scorer for Indonesia U-19 in this tournament. He scored two goals in the 2013 HKFA International Youth Invitation. In October 2013, he led the Indonesia U-19 team to qualify for the 2014 AFC U-19 Championship, a qualification competition for the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup, after topping Group G in the qualification with three wins in three matches, including a 3–2 win over defending champion South Korea U-19. He scored four goals in the qualifications, including a hattrick against South Korea U-19. As preparation for the 2014 AFC U-19 Championship, he played for twelve unofficial matches, including 2014 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy, and one FIFA official match with the U-19 national team, in which he played in all those matches.Unfortunately, he failed to help Indonesia U-19 to secure a place in the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup, after losing all three matches in the 2014 AFC U-19 Championship. Nonetheless, his stellar performance in the youth Garuda teams led to the hype ahead of his decision on how to enter professional football. <mask> made his senior debut with Indonesia on 11 November 2014 at the age of 19 in an unofficial friendly against Timor Leste, in which he also scored. He made his official international debut on 28 November 2014, against Laos, scoring his first international goal and making one assist in a 2014 AFF Championship match. He became captain of the senior team in May 2021. Despite already debuting for the senior national team, he was still called to the Indonesia U-23 team and played in a 1–1 draw against Syria U-23 on 10 February 2015. He then continued to play four times with the Indonesia U-23 team in 2015, for their preparation for the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualification and 2015 Southeast Asian Games.He played in the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualification, playing three times and scoring one goal. He played in the 2015 Southeast Asian Games five times, scoring four goals. He was part of the Indonesia team that won bronze in the 2017 Southeast Asian Games. <mask> was called into Indonesia's friendly match squad against Mauritius on 11 September 2018 by Danurwindo, In that match, <mask> scored the decisive goal for the national team's victory against Mauritius. A year later, On 15 June 2019, He scored a brace in a 6–0 win over Vanuatu in a friendly match. Six months later, he also was part of the Indonesia team that won silver in the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in the Philippines. In the 2019 final, he had to leave the game with a serious injury after a Vietnamese player aggressively tackled him.Career statistics

Club

International appearances

International goals

Honours

Club
Bhayangkara FC
 Liga 1: 2017

International

Indonesia U-19

 AFF U-19 Youth Championship: 2013
Indonesia U-23
 Southeast Asian Games  Bronze medal: 2017
 Southeast Asian Games  Silver medal: 2019Indonesia'''
 AFF Championship runner-up: 2016, 2020
 Aceh World Solidarity Cup runner-up: 2017

Individual
 Indonesia Soccer Championship A Best Young Player: 2016
 Indonesia Soccer Championship A Best XI: 2016

References

External links

Indonesian footballers
1995 births
Living people
Javanese people
Indonesian Muslims
Sportspeople from Surabaya
Indonesia youth international footballers
Indonesia international footballers
Association football midfielders
Persebaya Surabaya players
Southeast Asian Games bronze medalists for Indonesia
Southeast Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 2018 Asian Games
Competitors at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Indonesia
Competitors at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games
Southeast Asian Games silver medalists for Indonesia

masks:
Evan Dimas Darmono
Evan Dimas
Evan
Evan Dimas
Evan
Evan Dimas
Evan
Evan
Evantra
Evan
Evan
Evan Dimas
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan
Evan Dimas
Evan
Evan
Evan


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<mask> (May 30, 1868 – August 30, 1934) was an American theatre manager and producer of over 200 Broadway shows. Biography
<mask> was born on May 30, 1868 in Hartford, Connecticut to <mask>, an Episcopalian clergyman and Josephine Potter. He graduated from the Hartford schools and went to work for a newspaper in Hartford, which sent him to Washington D.C. as a correspondent. He then went to Chicago where he joined the staff of the Chicago Times-Herald. He subsequently moved to New York City and was hired by The Evening Sun for $15 per week. He became a theater critic for the New York Post. In 1896 he wrote a play "Ten P.M." which was produced at the Bijou Theater.The producer <mask> saw it and offered <mask> a job as a advertising agent. They formed a theatrical alliance and a friendship that lasted until Frohman died in the 1915 sinking of the RMS Lusitania. After leaving the employ of Frohman he formed the Dillingham Theatre Corporation. He also was associated over many years with A. L. Erlanger and Florenz Ziegfeld. The three were the principals of the A.L. Erlanger Amusement Enterprises, Inc. The 1936 Academy Award for Best Picture Winner The Great Ziegfeld told the story not only of Ziegfeld but also of Dillingham although it used the name "Billings" for Dillingham' likely due to Dillingham estate issues in which the Ziegfeld estate was owed money by the bankruptcy of Dillingham in 1933.<mask> was also the owner of the Hippodrome, which in its time was the largest theatrical venue in the world. There he produced ice skating spectacles and competitions, dance stars such as Anna Pavlova, and it is where 'Poor Butterfly' was first heard. On January 10, 1910 he opened the Globe Theatre (now known as the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre) at Broadway and 46th Street which was the first ever theater venue with a retractable roof. <mask> also introduced and managed dozens of star actors including Julia Marlowe and Ruby Keeler. Productions

<mask> began his producing career in 1902, with a production of The Cavalier, starring Julia Marlowe, William Lewers and Frank Worthing. His other noteworthy productions include the following:
The Little Princess, 1903
Miss Dolly Dollars, 1905
The Echo, 1910
Miss 1917, 1917
A Bill of Divorcement, featuring Katharine Cornell, in 1921
Good Times, 1920
Bulldog Drummond, 1921
Peter Pan, 1924
The Little Minister, 1925
Sidewalks of New York, featuring Ruby Keeler, 1927
Waterloo Bridge, 1930

He also produced several musicals and musical reviews during his career, including Watch Your Step, the first musical by Irving Berlin (which featured Vernon and Irene Castle in their Broadway debut). In 1915, <mask> hired the Russian prima ballerina Anna Pavlova to perform in New York City for six months.Personal life
<mask> was married in 1896 to actress and singer Jennie Yeamans who was a former child star. She died in 1906. On May 5, 1913 in Purchase, New York he married Eileen Ann Kearney formerly of Stillwater, Minnesota. The new Mrs. <mask> was part of the Alla Nazimova dance troupe and later was in several productions of <mask>'s. The couple lived at 153 East Sixty-third Street in a home later owned by the artist Jasper Johns and then the film director Spike Lee. The couple were regulars in society just as the old guard and the theater world began mingling. They were among the early snowbirds fleeing to Palm Beach during the winter season.They were often at European social scenes such as the Ascot and Longchamp racecourses. The marriage broke up in August 1924 after Mrs. <mask> became enamored of Julius Broome Livingston Allen, twelve years her junior, whom she married in October of that year. The divorce caused a sensation and was reported in Time magazine. Eileen was a life long friend of Florenz Ziegfeld's wife the actress Billie Burke. She died in 1957 after divorcing her second husband, whom she had married twice. There have been various reports and rumors of <mask>'s homosexuality including a longtime relationship with <mask>, with whom he lived for some time between his marriages. His second wife's family believed theirs to be a marriage of convenience.He was considered a gentleman of the old school, good-natured, having a good sense of humor, well-dressed and always kept farce, vulgarity, exhibitionism and hints of impropriety out of his productions, befitting the son of a clergyman. He was a pall bearer at Harry Houdini's funeral where he was thought to have quipped, "Let's see him get out of this one." Ill health and the stock market crash of 1929 forced Dillingham to give up producing. The writer Damon Runyon mentioned him in a short essay called ‘A Dog’s Best Friend’:

“”Damon, what becomes of a man's friends when he gets sick?" I could not answer that one. It reminded me of a somewhat similar question asked by the once great theatrical producer, <mask>, at a time when he was broke and commencing to be forgotten along the big street, of which he was once one of the most glamorous and successful figures. He was sitting on a stool at a drugstore lunch counter when a gabby guy who knew who he was took the stool beside him and began babbling."I wonder what's become of so-and-so?" he finally wondered, naming a Broadwayfarer who had sunk into obscurity. "I don't know", said Dillingham, adding thoughtfully, "I wonder what's become of Dillingham? "”

<mask> died of bronchopneumonia on August 30, 1934 at the Hotel Astor where he lived. He was buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford and was survived by his sister Mabel Ballard <mask> Newton and her daughter Marjory Newton Nolan. Footnotes

References
 <mask> obituary, New York Times August 31, 1934. Eileen Kearney file in the archives of grand-nephew Christopher McHugh, 2018, Pine City, MN
 Christopher McHugh public family tree, Ancestry.com

External links

1868 births
1934 deaths
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
American theater critics
American theatre managers and producers
Broadway theatre producers
Burials at Cedar Hill Cemetery (Hartford, Connecticut)
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
Deaths from pneumonia in New York (state)
People from Hartford, Connecticut
20th-century American male writers

masks:
Charles Bancroft Dillingham
Charles Bancroft Dillingham
Edmund Bancroft Dillingham
Charles Frohman
Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Charles Frohman
Charles Dillingham
Dillingham
Dillingham
Charles Dillingham


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<mask> (born 2 June 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for National League South club St Albans City. <mask> began his career at Reading, progressing through the youth system before signing his first professional contract in 2011. He was released a year later and spent one season at Conference South club Hayes & Yeading United. <mask> then signed for Conference Premier club Woking in September 2013 after a successful trial period. He spent three years at Woking before returning to the Football League when he signed for Swindon Town for an undisclosed fee in May 2016. He subsequently signed for Stevenage in January 2018. He was loaned out to Bromley of the National League at the start of the 2018–19 season and then joined Aldershot Town on a six-month deal in January 2019.<mask> signed for divisional rivals Ebbsfleet United in July 2019. He rejoined Woking in August 2020, where he spent the 2020–21 season before joining National League South club St Albans City a year later. Early life
Born in Sandhurst, Berkshire, <mask> attended Sandhurst School. Club career

Early career
<mask> joined Reading at the age of eight in 2001. He progressed through the youth academy at the Berkshire club before signing his first professional contract in the summer of 2011, a one-year deal. He spent the majority of the 2011–12 season playing for Reading's development team, although ultimately did not make any first-team appearances for the club. Reading won promotion back to the Premier League that season, and <mask> was told that he would be released upon the expiry of his contract on 30 June 2012.Ahead of the 2012–13 campaign, <mask> joined Conference South club Hayes & Yeading United on a one-year contract. He made his debut for the club in a 1–1 draw away at Weston-super-Mare, playing for the first 70 minutes of the match before being replaced by Tobi Joseph. <mask> scored once during the season; his solitary goal came from close-range in a 4–1 away victory over Eastleigh in the FA Trophy on 10 November 2012. He made 37 appearances in all competitions as Hayes & Yeading finished the season in 17th-place. Woking
<mask> spent time on trial at Conference Premier club Woking in July 2013, hoping to secure a contract with the club for the 2013–14 season. He was described as "the pick of an unfamiliar bunch" when he came on as a substitute and scored twice in a 3–2 pre-season friendly defeat to Staines Town. <mask> signed for Woking two weeks into the new season, joining on an initial one-year agreement on 1 September 2013.He made his competitive Woking debut in a 2–0 victory over Hyde United on 17 September 2013, replacing Gavin Williams with eight minutes remaining. <mask> scored his first Woking goal in a 2–0 away victory over Gateshead on 15 February 2014, doubling Woking's advantage when he scored from Kevin Betsy's cross in the 70th minute. He went to score three times in 36 appearances during his first season with the club. Shortly after the end of the season, on 5 May 2014, <mask> signed a one-year contract extension to remain at Woking for the 2014–15 season. He scored seven times during his second season with the club, including the first brace of his career in a 3–1 win at Dartford in March 2015, as he made 46 appearances in a campaign that saw Woking miss out on the Conference Premier play-off places after finishing in seventh-place. The 2015–16 campaign, <mask>'s third year at Woking, would ultimately prove to be his breakthrough season. Two goals in the club's second game of the season, a 2–0 victory over Bromley at Kingfield Stadium on 11 August 2015, would serve as the catalyst for <mask>'s most prolific goalscoring form of his career as he went on to score seven goals in nine games from midfield.Included in this run of goals was another brace in a 4–4 draw away at Guiseley on 12 September 2015, as well as the winning goal in a 2–1 win against Forest Green Rovers three days later to end the league leaders' unbeaten start to the campaign. He scored two goals within the space of six days in two narrow victories against local rivals Aldershot Town when the two teams met over the festive period. He scored 17 goals in 46 appearances from midfield during the campaign. He was named as Woking's Player of the Year at the end of the season. Swindon Town
Two weeks after the conclusion of the season, on 13 May 2016, <mask> signed for League One club Swindon Town for an undisclosed fee and on a three-year deal. Swindon stated they had secured <mask>'s signature ahead of a number of Championship and rival League One clubs. He made his Swindon debut on the opening day of the 2016–17 season, in a 1–0 victory against Coventry City, playing the full 90 minutes.<mask> scored his first goal for Swindon in a 1–1 draw away at Shrewsbury Town on 1 October 2016. <mask>'s third and final goal of the season came in the reverse fixture against Shrewsbury Town on 7 January 2017, who he had scored against three months earlier, in another 1–1 draw. His goal in the match came from the penalty spot. <mask> made the highest number of appearances for Swindon during his debut season in the Football League, scoring three times in 48 matches, as Swindon were relegated to League Two. <mask> suffered a foot injury in Swindon's opening day win at Carlisle United on 5 August 2017, with the injury keeping him out of first-team action for the opening six weeks of the 2017–18 campaign. He scored his first goal of the season on 14 October 2017, "putting the finishing touches to a superb team move" to double Swindon's advantage in an eventual 3–1 away victory over Mansfield Town. Despite returning to the first-team squad, 10 of <mask>'s 17 appearances during the season had come from the substitute's bench, and he did not play for the final six weeks of his time at Swindon before his exit.He made 65 appearances during his one-and-a-half-year spell, scoring five goals. Stevenage
<mask> signed for fellow League Two club Stevenage on 31 January 2018, joining on a -year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his Stevenage debut on 3 February 2018, playing the opening 74 minutes in a 3–2 away defeat at Accrington Stanley. Following the arrival of new manager, Dino Maamria, <mask> fell out of favour at Stevenage and made three further appearances before being transfer-listed at the end of the campaign. <mask> joined National League club Bromley on loan at the start of the 2018–19 season, on 17 August 2018, on a deal until January 2019. He made his Bromley debut a day after signing for the club, starting the match and playing 92 minutes in Bromley's first win of the season, a 1–0 home victory over Gateshead. He scored his first goal for Bromley in an away loss at Leyton Orient on 17 November 2018, giving Bromley a first-half lead in an eventual 3–1 defeat.<mask> made 16 appearances in all competitions during the loan spell, scoring once. Aldershot Town
After his loan at Bromley concluded, <mask> signed for fellow National League club Aldershot Town on a six-month deal on 18 January 2019. He made his debut a day after joining the club, playing the whole match in a 2–0 home defeat to Chesterfield. <mask> scored once for Aldershot during the second half of the season, his goal coming in a 2–0 away victory against Boreham Wood on 23 March 2019. He made 18 appearances as Aldershot finished in 21st place in the National League. Ebbsfleet United
<mask> went on trial with National League club Ebbsfleet United in pre-season ahead of the 2019–20 season. He signed for the club on a permanent basis on 16 July 2019.The move meant he was reunited with manager Garry Hill, who had previously managed <mask> for three seasons at Woking. <mask> scored on his debut in a 4–1 home defeat to FC Halifax Town on 3 August 2019. He made 23 appearances in all competitions, scoring once, before the National League season was curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. <mask> left Ebbsfleet following the expiry of his contract in July 2020. Return to Woking
<mask> re-signed for Woking on 13 August 2020, joining a one-year contract. He made his first appearance back at Woking when he came on as a 67th-minute substitute in the club's 2–1 victory against Solihull Moors on 3 October 2020. <mask> made nine appearances during the 2020–21 season, leaving the club at the end of the season when his contract expired.St Albans City
<mask> joined National League South club St Albans City on 8 August 2021, following a short-term trial period. On the opening day of the 2021–22 campaign, <mask> made his debut for the Saints, replacing Romeo Akinola in the 66th minute during their 3–1 home defeat to Dartford. On 30 October 2021, <mask> scored his first goal for the club, igniting a 2–1 comeback over Eastbourne Borough, after Charley Kendall had given the visitors an early lead. International career
<mask> received his first call-up for the England C squad by manager Paul Fairclough on 4 March 2016, ahead of a fixture against Ukraine under-20s on 22 March 2016. He made his England C debut in a 2–0 victory, in which he played the full 90 minutes, playing a part in both goals. <mask> received his final England C team call-up for their game against Slovakia under-21s on 18 May 2016, playing the whole match in a 4–3 defeat. Coaching career
<mask> earned his UEFA B Licence in 2014 and is an FA qualified coach.He founded Core Football Coaching in 2013, which is a football youth academy based in Berkshire. Career statistics

Honours
Individual
 Woking Player of the Year: 2015–16

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
People from Sandhurst, Berkshire
English footballers
Association football wingers
Reading F.C. players
National League (English football) players
Hayes & Yeading United F.C. players
Woking F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Stevenage F.C. players
Bromley F.C.players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Ebbsfleet United F.C. players
St Albans City F.C. players
English Football League players
England semi-pro international footballers

masks:
John Robert Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard
Goddard


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<mask> (also '<mask>', 'Jakob' or 'Jakub")  (1573 in Antwerp – c.1632 in Hamburg), was a Flemish painter, printmaker, miniaturist, draftsman, art dealer, diplomat, merchant and politician. He was the son of the Flemish painter and miniaturist <mask> (1542–1601) who was a court painter to the dukes of Bavaria and Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. <mask> himself became a court painter to Rudolf II and to the Swedish court. He is noted for his illustrations of natural history subjects as well as his portraits, topographical views, emblems and mythological works, which continue his father's style. Life
<mask>l was the oldest son of Susanna van Onsem and <mask> (1542–1600) and was baptized in Antwerp on 25 December 1573. His father was a member of a rich family of merchants in Antwerp who had left his home country after the 1576 Sack of Antwerp, in which much of the family fortune was lost to plunder. His father had been working in the family business but had also learned to paint and draw.During his exile his father was employed as a court painter successively by the dukes of Bavaria and Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. Unlike his father who was not trained professionally as an artist but had started out as a merchant in the family business in diamonds and luxury goods, <mask> was given the opportunity to study art under a master in Antwerp. He was registered as a pupil of Abraham Liesaert in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1582. He then started a peripatetic life. He travelled via Munich to Frankfurt am Main where he joined his father at the latest in 1592. His father had by then remarried after the death of <mask>'s mother. It was during this time that <mask> published a series of etchings copied from drawings by his father.It is likely he left Frankfurt in 1594 following the persecution of the Calvinists in that city. He was in Regensburg in 1594 and from 1600 in Prague. He was appointed the court painter to Rudolf II in Prague on 7 November 1602, a position he held until 1613. From 1602 he also spent time in Vienna where he married in 1605 Anna Muys, the daughter of the Dutch court architect Anthoni Muys (Anton de Mois). This was already his third marriage. Throughout his life <mask> would marry five times. He was in Rome in 1605.He is recorded in Prague in 1609 and again in Rome in 1610. A census in 1612 of people living at the court, conducted at the time Rudolf II died, includes the name of <mask>l, followed by the title 'Contrafetter'  which means portrait painter. He experienced financial difficulties, which he attributed to the court's failure to pay his salary as a court painter. As a consequence he left the imperial service at the end of February 1612. <mask> was later that year reported as living in Vienna. He returned to Prague by 1613. He was citizen of the Malá Strana in Prague between 1614 and 1617.In 1614 he married his fourth wife. In 1616, he finally received the overdue salary  of five hundred thousand guilders which the imperial court owed him. Despite this payment he was experiencing financial difficulties in 1617. In Prague he belonged to a circle of Flemish and Dutch merchants, artists and scholars, some of whom were Reformed, with close ties to the court of Rudolf II. He was a diplomat at the court at a time when Prague played a pivotal role in European affairs. During the Thirty Years' War which started in 1618, he took the side of the protestant Winter King Frederick V of the Palatinate against the catholic Habsburg dynasty. He was appointed as the official agent of the Bohemian estates to the Dutch Republic in 1618 and resided in the Dutch Republic from 1618 to 1620.He had the right contacts for the position as he was the nephew of the Dutch poet and politician Constantijn Huygens, who had married his aunt Susanna <mask>. Huygens was secretary to the Dutch Stadtholder Maurice, Prince of Orange. In 1620 <mask> was again a resident in Prague. He was accused by the authorities of fraudulently dealing with certain financial matter. Hoefnagel was convicted in absentia in a political process of embezzlement of funds. All his goods were confiscated and, according to some sources, he was sentenced to death. He could, however, flee.He spent time in Scandinavia including Stockholm and Göteborg. In Göteborg, he holds various high level positions: from 1622 to 1626 he is city counselor, from 1624 to 1627 president of the court of justice and in July 1624 he was appointed as one of the three burgomasters. In 1624 the Swedish king Gustav Adolf visited Göteborg. In November 1624, the painter is rewarded with a golden chain with a miniature portrait of the king. He is recorded on 30 April 1624 in the Swedish court accounts as a portrait painter. He was in Altona (Hamburg) in 1626 where he married for the fifth and last time. Details about his last years are not available.His wife is recorded as a widow in Hamburg in 1633. Work

<mask> worked in various media and formats and is known for portraits, still lifes, mythological, scientific and topographical works, miniatures and emblems executed in oil, water colour, gouache and as engravings. Archetypa studiaque patris Georgii Hoefnagelii
His first important work was the Archetypa studiaque patris Georgii Hoefnagelii, which he published in 1592 in Frankfurt. The book is a collection of 48 engravings of plants, insects and small animals shown ad vivum. It is divided in four parts of twelve plates (each with separate frontispiece), made after designs by his father Joris <mask> and engraved by <mask> who was only 19 years old at the time of publication. The Italian scholar Filippo Buonanni asserted in 1691 that these engravings are the first published instance of the use of the microscope. However, this assertion of Buonanni is still contested.As the quality of the engravings varies, it is assumed that some of the works were made by members of the family De Bry who resided in Frankfurt. The prints in the collections were intended not solely as representations of the real world. They also carried a religious meaning as they encouraged the contemplation of god's plan of creation. Like contemporary emblem books each print carried a motto typically referring to god's interference in the world. The prints of the book were used as models by other artists and the Hoefnagel motifs were copied until the 19th century. It has been argued that the prints stood at the basis of the typical Dutch genre of still lifes with flowers, shells and insects. Painting

Unlike his father who preferred drawing, <mask> was an accomplished oil painter who produced works in the Prague Mannerist style popularised by artists such as Hans von Aachen and Bartholomeus Spranger.As a painter Hoefnagel specialized in small format mythological or allegorical scenes on vellum or copper. During his stay at the court in Prague he produced many paintings of which only a few have survived. The Morgan Library & Museum holds an Orpheus charming the animals dated 1613 in a late Mannerist style and a Winter dated 1618. Only a few portraits of Hoefnagel are known, all executed during his stay in Sweden. These portraits include a bust portrait of king Gustaf Adolf (The Royal Armoury) and the queen consort Queen Maria Eleonore of Sweden dated around 1624. He received 150 national dollars and a gold chain from the king for this commission. The original of the oil painting of the queen consort is lost and is now known through the engraving made by Hendrik Hondius I in 1629.He made in 1609 a topographically useful and at the same time artistically valuable view of the city of Vienna. Around the same time, he was in Vienna one of the contributors to a painted scientific work known as the  "Museum or bestiary (Tierbuch) of Emperor Rudolf II", which consists of 180 parchment leaves and is kept in the Austrian National Library as cod. min. 129-130. Two collaborations on small cabinet miniatures between father and son Hoefnagel are known, Diana and Actaeon (Louvre) and Allegory on Life and Death (British Museum). Civitates orbis terrarum
<mask>'s father Joris had provided designs for the fifth volume of Civitates orbis terrarum, which consisted of prints of bird's-eye views and maps of cities from all around the world. The work was edited by Braun and largely engraved by Frans Hogenberg.<mask> reworked in 1617 designs of his father for the sixth volume of Civitates Orbis Terrarum, which was published in Cologne in 1618. Volume 6 contains a homogeneous series of images of cities in Central Europe (in Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary and Transylvania), which are very consistent in their graphics. The views are in perspective, and only in  a few cases, isometric and stand out through the accuracy of the information, the particular attention to the faithful representation of the territory, the landscape, the road conditions and the power of observation and refinement of interpretation. Diversae insectarum volatilium icones
His Diversae insectarum volatilium icones ad vivum accuratissime depictae per celeberrimum pictorem, published by Claes Jansz. Visscher in Amsterdam in 1630 is one of the earliest works dealing exclusively with insects. The book consists of 16 prints engraved by <mask> after designs by his father. A single convex lens was used in the preparation of some of the drawings for this book.As far as known, the pictures of Hoefnagel are the earliest printed figures of magnified objects (Locy, The Story of Biology, p. 199). The 16 beautiful engravings depict 302 insects, in order: 37 Coleoptera, 22 Orthoptera, 14 Odonata, 16 Neuroptera, 72 Lepidoptera, 35 Hymenoptera, 78 Diptera, 21 Hemiptera, and 7 larvae; from central and northern Germany. <mask> described the engraved copies of his father's designs as "A pattern or copy-book for artists, displaying on sixteen plates about 340 insects, mostly larger than life". The work was used by many artists as models and as such helped spread Joris <mask>'s fame. The Dutch biologist Jan Swammerdam mentioned that the insects were drawn from life. The publication of this book has sometimes been credited to a hypothetical brother of <mask> called Jan as the book was published in the year <mask> died and was published in the name of I. Hoefnagel. However, it is unlikely that the publication was a product of a brother of <mask>.Gloria Crocodilus
An album of emblematic drawings entitled Gloria Crocodilus kept at the British Museum has been attributed to <mask>l. The album consists of 82 leaves, 63 of which bear miniature emblematic roundels in bodycolour, each inscribed with a title above in Latin. It was made in the Dutch Republic in 1634 and bound at an early date in Dutch red morocco leather with elegant gilt tooling. The dedicatee is Godefridus Crell of Prussia, who may have been a member of the distinguished German Crell family. The attribution to <mask> is based on the drawings' resemblance to his series of emblematic roundels now in the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest. References

External links

Online Digital version of Diversae Insectarum from GDZ
Gloria Crocodilus, at The British Museum

1575 births
1630s deaths
Court painters
Flemish Renaissance painters
Flemish engravers
Artists from Antwerp
Belgian expatriates in Sweden

masks:
Jacob Hoefnagel
Jacobus
Joris Hoefnagel
Jacob Hoefnagel
Jacob Hoefnage
Joris Hoefnagel
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob Hoefnagel
Jacob Hoefnage
Jacob Hoefnagel
Hoefnagel
Hoefnagels
Jacob Hoefnagel
Hoefnagel
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob Hoefnagels
Hoefnagel
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob Hoefnage
Jacob Hoefnagel


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<mask> is a Lebanese writer, art critic, curator, researcher and professor of Literature and Art History at Saint Joseph University of Beirut. She obtained her PhD in Comparative Literature (Literature and Art) from the New Sorbonne University (Paris III) in 2004. Professional path
Along with teaching Literature and Art History, <mask> has also been, from 2008 to 2017, the Chair of the French Literature Department at Saint Joseph University of Beirut. In 2010, she designed, proposed and launched the MA and PhD program in Art Criticism and Curatorial Studies that she heads. <mask> has also designed, organized, curated and co-curated several cultural events including the symposium "Littérature, Art et Monde Contemporain: Récits, Histoire, Mémoire" (2014, Beirut) and the exhibition "Poetics, Politics, Places" that took place in Tucumán, Argentina, from September to December 2017, in the frame of the International Biennale of Contemporary Art of South America (BienalSur). Research field
<mask>' current research explores the issues related to the comparative theory and aesthetics of literature and art, which brings her to the topics of history, memory and narratives in literature and art in post-war Lebanon. Since 2014, she's been developing a multi-disciplinary seminar and research platform on the paradigm of modernity.Her research leads her to question the relationship between poetics and politics as well as the representations associated with the notion of territory. Publications

Books
 Proust Portrait Peinture, Paris, Orizons, 2010
 Littérature, art et monde contemporain: récits, histoire, mémoire, Beirut, Presses de l'USJ, 2015

Co-edited issue
Co-editor, with Claire Launchbury, special issue of the Contemporary French and Francophone studies entitled War, Memory, Amnesia: Postwar Lebanon, Routledge, volume 18, issue No. 5, 2014

Academic articles
 "Le poème de Jad Hatem ou une poétique de la révélation" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 19, 2001, pp. 73–79. "Le patriarche di Grado exorcisant un possédé dans Albertine disparue" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 20, 2002, pp. 19–32
 "Transgression et littérature" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 21-22, 2003–2004, pp. 337–363
 "Miss Sacripant d'Elstir: leçon d'art, leçon de vie" in Travaux et jours, Saint Joseph University, No.75, 2005, pp. 171–210
 "Le corps foudroyé dans Figures de la foudre: Méditations poétiques sur trois sculptures de Réthy Tambourji de Jad Hatem" in Plaisance, Rivista quadrimestrale di letteratura francese moderna e contemporanea, Rome, No. 10, 4th year, 2007, pp. 117–130
 "L'image dans le texte: Albertine comme sujet pictural dans À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 24-25, 2006–2007, pp. 133–166
 "La géographie subjective dans quelques romans de Richard Millet" in Travaux et jours, Saint Joseph University, No. 81, 2008–2009, pp. 65–73
 "Pour une poétique de l'interpicturalité" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 26-27, 2008–2009, pp.109–121
 "Sympathie et système de valeurs: pour une réception de La Confession négative de Richard Millet" in Littératures, No. 63, 2011, Presses universitaires du Mirail, pp. 111–124
 "Le roman contemporain libanais et la guerre" in Contemporary French and Francophone Studies/ War, Memory, Amnesia: Postwar Lebanon, Routledge, volume 18, issue No. 5, 2014, pp. 462–469
 "Philippe de Champaigne et Blaise Pascal: dans l'enceinte de Port-Royal" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 33, 2015, pp. 101–113
 "Pour une lecture de la ruine: Berytus de Rabee Jaber et Attempt 137 to Map the Drive de Jalal Toufic et Grazielle Rizkallah Toufic" in Littérature, art et monde contemporain: récits, histoire, mémoire, Beirut, Presses de l'USJ, pp. 201–221
 "Georges Schehadé: The Available Landscape" in The Place That Remains: Recounting the Un-built Territory, Lausanne, Skira, 2018, p. 166
 Mapping the City” in Saradar Collection Art Essays, online publication, May 2020, 15 pages.Art criticism articles, texts on art, texts for catalogues and interviews
 "Quand les mots deviennent image: pour une lecture des écrits poétiques de Georgé Chaanine" in Esquisse, Art magazine, No. 3, May 2001, p. 26
 "Alberto Giacometti, une ligne déchirant l'espace" in Esquisse, Art magazine, No. 3, May 2001, pp. 62–65
 Ayman Baalbaki's Mythological City, Beirut, Alarm Editions, 2009
 "Wael Shawky: la réécriture de l'histoire" in L'Art même, plastic arts chronicle of the French Community of Belgium, No. 51, 2nd quarter of 2011, p. 18
 "Mireille Kassar, AntiNarcissus" in Art Press, No. 431, March 2016, pp. 65–68
 "Where I End and You Begin: Experiencing the Mountain", photographies by Nadim Asfar, May 2016
 "Sifr", Hady Sy, January 2017
 "On Marginalisation, Activism and Feminism", dialogue with Etel Adnan, Lamia Joreige and Tagreed Darghouth, in Selections, No.42, September 2017, pp. 48–61
 Catalogue of the exhibition Poetics, Politics, Places, November 2017
 "Dreaming History" in Essays and Stories on Photography in Lebanon, Kaph publisher, 2018, pp. 297–299

Creative writing
 Passantes, Photographs by Alain Brenas, Beirut, Presses de l'Académie libanaise des Beaux-Arts, 2013

Curatorial practice
 Le Secret, Espace Ygreg, Les bons voisins, Paris, France, April 4-April 28, 2017 (Co-curator)
 Poetics, Politics, Places, Timoteo Navarro Museum, Tucumán, Argentina, September–December 2017: In the frame of the International Biennale of Contemporary Art of South America (Curator)

References

External links
 USJ: Master Professionnel en critique d’art et curatoriat, Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines
 Le Roman Contemporain Libanais et la Guerre : Récit, Histoire, Mémoire

Living people
Writers from Beirut
Lebanese writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Nayla Tamraz
Nayla Tamraz
Nayla Tamraz
Nayla Tamraz


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<mask>  (; born 14 April 1967) is an Italian former footballer, who played as a midfielder. <mask>'s career spanned three decades, during which he played for several clubs: after beginning his career with Parma, he played with Fiorentina, and in particular Inter Milan, where he became an important figure in the club's midfield, winning a Serie A title and three UEFA Cups. After his time in Italy, he ended his career with spells in England, Spain and Australia, at Tottenham, Alavés, and Northern Spirit respectively. A dynamic, tenacious and hard-working player, he was also regarded as a linchpin for the Italy national football team during the late 1980s and the early 1990s, notably reaching the final of the 1994 FIFA World Cup with Italy, and finishing in third place in the 1990 edition on home soil. Club career
Born in Salsomaggiore Terme, <mask> started his career as a seventeen-year-old with Parma. In his debut season the club won the 1983–84 Serie C1 championship under manager Arrigo Sacchi, and gained promotion to Serie B. After three seasons at Fiorentina he was signed by Inter Milan in 1988 for £3.6 million.In his first season at the club, <mask> formed a notable midfield partnership with Lothar Matthäus, and was part of a team which won the 1988–89 record breaking Scudetto by an 11-point margin under manager Giovanni Trapattoni, losing only twice, and setting a Serie A points record. <mask> himself contributed seven league goals in Serie A that season from midfield. While at Inter, <mask> also won the 1989 Supercoppa Italiana, and the UEFA Cup three times, also reaching an additional final in 1997; he played a key role in the club's victories from midfield during this period, and scored in both the 1991 UEFA Cup Final and the 1994 UEFA Cup Final. In January 1998, <mask> joined Tottenham Hotspur on a free transfer. With Spurs in danger of relegation upon his arrival midway through the 1997–98 season, <mask> helped the club to a 13th-placed finish in the Premier League. After George Graham replaced Christian Gross as manager of Tottenham, <mask> was allowed to leave the club and join Deportivo Alavés on a free transfer. He later had a season in Australia, with Northern Spirit.International career
After playing for Italy's under 21 team at both the 1986 and 1988 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championships under manager Cesare Maldini (reaching the final in 1986), <mask> made his debut for the Italy senior team against Norway in 1988, under Azeglio Vicini. He scored his first goal, against Scotland on his third appearance for the Azzurri. He was included in the squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, where he appeared in four matches, wearing the number 10 shirt, including the third place playoff versus England which Italy won 2–1; in the final minutes of the match, he scored from a Roberto Baggio cross, but the goal was incorrectly ruled offside - though Baggio's opener was offside and the winning penalty was dubious. At the 1994 World Cup under Arrigo Sacchi, <mask> was more established and played in every match on the way to and including the final defeat against Brazil; he notably started the play which led to Roberto Baggio's last-minute match winning goal in the quarter-finals, against Spain, with a trademark long pass, after winning back possession. In total, he represented Italy on 39 occasions between 1988 and 1995, scoring three goals. International goals
Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Berti goal. Style of play
Despite his initial lack of notable elegance or technical ability, <mask> was able to greatly improve his ball skills as his career progressed, showing great finesse and technical developments with time, and was known for his ability to run forward with the ball at speed due to his pace and athleticism.He was an energetic, tenacious, and hard tackling box-to-box midfielder, who had a knack for committing fouls and picking up cards due to his aggressive challenges; although he was initially considered to be undisciplined from a tactical standpoint, he later demonstrated significant tactical intelligence as he matured, and unlike most defensive midfielders, he preferred to put pressure on his opponents in more advanced midfield roles and press them further up the pitch rather than mainly sitting in front of his team's defence. A tall, slender, and dynamic footballer, he was known in particular for his pace, stamina, work-rate, and passing range, which made him a versatile player, who was capable of playing anywhere in midfield; these skills allowed him to aid his team both defensively and offensively, or start attacking plays with long balls after obtaining possession. In addition to his ability to break down opposing plays, Berti was also effective in the air, which, along with his attacking drive, powerful striking ability, and positional sense, enabled him to run forward after winning back the ball, and contribute to his team's offensive play with additional goals from midfield. Although he was initially noted for his physical resemblance to playmaker Gianni Rivera in his youth, Berti's attributes and direct playing style later led him to be compared instead to his childhood idol, Marco Tardelli. During the 1994 World Cup final against Brazil, he was also used out of position as both a left and right–sided winger in a 4–4–2 formation by manager Arrigo Sacchi. Honours
Parma
 Serie C: 1983–84

Inter Milan
 Serie A: 1988–89; runner-up 1992–93
 Supercoppa Italiana: 1989
 UEFA Cup: 1990–91, 1993–94; runner-up 1996–97

Tottenham Hotspur
 Football League Cup: 1998–99

Italy
 FIFA World Cup: runner-up 1994; third place 1990

Individual
Pirata d'Oro (Inter Milan Player of the Year): 1994

Orders
 5th Class / Knight: Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 1991

References

External links

 Nicola Berti at Aussie Footballers
 1990 FIFA World Cup 3rd place play-off
 1994 FIFA World Cup Final

 Record of Caps

1967 births
Living people
People from Salsomaggiore Terme
Italian footballers
Association football midfielders
Italy international footballers
Italy under-21 international footballers
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
ACF Fiorentina players
Inter Milan players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
La Liga players
Serie A players
Serie C players
Premier League players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Deportivo Alavés players
Northern Spirit FC players
Italian expatriate footballers
Expatriate soccer players in Australia
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in England
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Italian expatriate sportspeople in England
UEFA Cup winning players
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

masks:
Nicola Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti
Berti


text_chunks:
<mask> (1813–1871) was a writer and workhouse reformer in Frome, who became widely known for her book, 'Sunshine in the Workhouse' and for efforts, both local and national, to improve conditions for inmates. Early life

<mask> from Bath married <mask> (1807-1894), the second son of <mask>, in 1834; they had a daughter, Mary Stuart in 1841. They first lived in Berkley House. In 1848, by which time she had had seven children, they moved into Fromefield House with <mask> senior, some ten years after the death of his wife, Mary Ann Stuart Byard. <mask>'s husband was a pillar of local society: a JP, chair of the Board of Guardians which ran the workhouse as part of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, vice-president of the Frome Literary and Scientific Institution (now the Frome Museum), trustee of Frome charities, supporter of the Frome School of Art (founded by Singer) and of the Church Missionary Society. The Frome Times documented his public life. He addressed Queen Victoria at a levee in 1842.In this milieu, his wife had opportunities to examine the lives of less fortunate members of society. In 1833, a cottage was built on the corner of Bath and Rodden Roads. This was built as a Dame school on her behest, before their marriage, as a school for the children of domestic servants and estate workers of Fromefield House. In the Community

<mask> became interested in her husband's local endeavours, particularly the workhouse and its inhabitants, making her first visits in 1850. She was initially taken aback by the empty life of the hospital wards and the lack of simple everyday comforts. Quite quickly she adopted the position of a workhouse reformer. In 1857 <mask> wrote a pamphlet anonymously: 'Experiences of a Workhouse Visitor'.This was published by James Nisbet of Berners Street, London (now absorbed by James Clarke and Co Ltd.). The fifteen pages were printed and sold for threepence a copy in Penney's bookshop in Frome. It was that shop and circulating library in 3 Bath Street which was the first premises in Frome to be lit by gas supplied by Edward Cockey in 1831. In the pamphlet she talks of seven years experience within a workhouse of 800 inmates. She advocates small changes to the regime that would enhance the life of the inmates: provision of a cup-and-saucer rather than one tin, which looks more fit for my dog to drink its water from'; more solid fuel than the gruel offered; above all, that the inmates be allowed out into the garden every day, and now and then allowed 'outside the walls to see their friends, and thus it is not a prison they are in, but an asylum for their helpless old age.' She mentions Elizabeth Fry and her efforts to ameliorate the Workhouse system. Sunshine in the Workhouse

Her pamphlet was circulated, going through four editions, and gained so much attention that in 1859 as Mrs George Wood <mask>, she expanded it into a book, "Sunshine in the Workhouse", running to a second edition in the same year.She noted in her preface that in the year before there were 704,300 people enclosed within 624 'dull and dreary' workhouses across England and Wales; this figure did not include the able-bodied, just the old, infirm, disabled and children. She noted the extreme cleanliness of existing workhouses, but astutely commented that they were ‘painfully spotless, making one almost shudder to think of daily scouring under the beds and feet of the sick and rheumatic’. She was distressed by 'the monotonous rituals of cleaning.... which both disturb the bedridden inmates and potentially increase their rheumatic pain.' There she gives examples "she has successfully arranged, by the aid of private assistance, to keep aged persons from the workhouse, and this seems to be a very legitimate mode of applying charity, and a likely means of encouraging persons to exert themselves in maintaining, at least partly, their aged relations. One shilling a week added to the 2s.6d. allowed by the parish is found to be sufficient to keep them at home." She records seven specific examples and 'of several more whom I am enabling, by this added 1s.per week, to live out of the House in their extreme old age';
she would like to see a countrywide system where a small addition to local funds could support the 'aged poor' to live out their days in their own homes, though her sympathy does not extend to 'the habitually drunken and worthless', who should be sent to the Union to die.' She is clearly dissatisfied that 'English Guardians can walk through these dreary wards, and because the inmates are clothed, and fed, and warmed, think they have fulfilled or LORD's parting words, - "Inasmuch as ye did to the least of these my brethren, ye did it unto Me." '

She is aggrieved by the ill treatment meted out in some workhouse schools. One of her correspondents near London found one small girl with 'her back and arms .... covered with great weals and marks of ropes'; in this particular case, the report to the guardians of the workhouse led to the dismissal of the master and his wife. <mask> herself is clear that, in spite of rules that forbad the corporal punishment of boys (there is no mention of girls) except with the prior permission of governors, such cruelty must have prevalent. 'What are the joys of these poor children? I say, none - expect an hour's shivering play in a large, cold room in winter, or, in summer, a dried-up playground - not a flower or tree in it, no outlet for busy, roving childish limbs.'In her efforts to compare her local knowledge with other locations, she visited homes across the UK, from Limerick (where with two of her daughters she
visited a penitentiary for 'fallen women') to others in the south of Ireland, and others across Somerset. She was in active correspondence with a range of parties, from Liverpool, Northamptonshire, St Pancras in London and Kingston. She does not confine herself to her own observations but calls upon Elizabeth Fry, Sydney Smith, Thomas Arnold, Bishop Armstrong and others to support her case for greater humanity towards workhouse inmates. She asks for small changes in the Poor Law to bring this about. Fallen Women

In her pamphlet "Experiences of a Workhouse Visitor", she comes across a closed ward in Frome's Union Workhouse, the refractory or "Foul Ward". She is told it is for 'women of bad character', 'that no lady or gentleman can go in'. She finds 'ten wretched bedraggled women crouching round the fire'.Over time she is told by them: "What can we do? No one would give work to such as we; we must have either died on a dunghill, or gone back to sin." It is difficult to ascertain how widespread prostitution was in Frome. Like anywhere in the UK in the 19th century it was certainly present. Lawlessness was in part due to economic trends. Independent workers were cast out by the developing factory system. Poverty held sway for many in a wool town where the economic power had shifted to the employers.Treatment of the poor was based on a model wherein unemployment and low wages were due to laziness rather than economics. The Poor Law Board of Guardians was established in Frome in 1837, replacing the workhouse at Welshmill that had been running since 1727, operated by the Parish Overseers of the Poor. Somerset Constabulary did not arrive in Frome till 1856 under the terms of the County and Borough Police Act 1856; other areas had already formed their own Police Forces. The contingent consisted of a superintendent, two sergeants and eighteen officers. Previous to that the law had been administered by two local constables. In the next year a new police station and magistrates court was erected in Christchurch Street West. If the court and police records of public houses are examined, some view as to prostitution in Frome may be gathered:
 In 1856, soon after the Somerset Constabulary arrived in Frome, Superintendent Summers found six prostitutes and a group of soldiers, in the Three Swans in King Street, all worse for drink.“Do you know you have a lot of bad girls in your house?” he asked. The landlord said he had no way of knowing and let them drink on till after midnight. The next night there were even more prostitutes; one of them was ‘in a most disgraceful position’, four of the others absolutely drunk. The landlord claimed not to have seem them. He was heavily fined. The same Superintendent found four prostitutes in the tap room of the Victoria in Christchurch Street East, the landlord allowing drunkenness and disorderly conduct. In 1859 the Bridge Hotel was in trouble for cramming a hundred people into its small tap room, including several prostitutes.In the same year the ‘’Somerset & Wiltshire Journal’’ reported the landlord of the Clothiers Arms in Milk Street had been fined for allowing prostitutes on the premises. In 1862 one customer of the Three Crowns was charged along with her male companion for behaving in Bath Street ‘in a grossly indecent manner’. In the same year the Angel & Crown in Vallis Way was nearly lost its licence for drunkenness and ‘harbouring of prostitutes’. In 1865 prostitutes were arrested in the Bridge Hotel, in spite of surveillance by the police and threatened suspension of its licence. In 1868 the landlord of the Waggon & Horses in Gentle Street was fined for allowing ‘persons of notoriously bad character to assemble in his house’: four prostitutes drinking with five completely drunk customers. In the same year the landlord of the Globe in Vallis Way was fined for having ten women  - some of them well known as prostitutes - drunk on his premises. In 1873 the landlady of the Ship (now the Artisan) in Christchurch Street West was summonsed for ‘knowingly allowing immoral characters for longer than necessary for the purpose of taking reasonable refreshment’; it was ‘an habitual resort’.In 1883 the landlady of the Anchor in Catherine Street was fined for ‘knowingly permitting her premises to be the habitual resort of reputed prostitutes’. <mask> wrote to The Times of her concern for paupers with venereal disease: "Once they have recovered from the disease that brought them into the workhouse, they are ‘driven from the “foul ward,” (properly so called,) into the “wide, wide, world,” to inevitable iniquity’." In her 1859 book "Sunshine in the Workhouse", she writes of that ward: 'One may well say of it as

masks:
Emma Sheppard
Emma Brown
George Wood Sheppard
George Sheppard
George Sheppard
Emma
Emma
Emma
Sheppard
Emma
Emma Sheppard


text_chunks:
 one enters, Lasciate ogni speranza, quoting from Dante's Divine Comedy Canto III, 'Abandon hope all ye who enter here'. She saw a possible future for such women:I tried hard to get some of them employment, but they were too ill, or had never been brought up to work. Oh! how I used to long for some kind Reformatory Asylum attached to the Union Workhouse as part of its machinery, where they would be not only fed and warmed, as they were now; but where, when recovered, they could be taught a trade and be taught to live decently. .... for want of means some are turned daily away from that door, and then think of their only alternative, starvation or sin!By December 1859, in an appendix to the next edition of her book, she had bought 'a house in the town at £6 per annum .... I bought some second-hand beds and bedding; a little needful furniture of chairs, tables, crockery, &c.; some new coarse sheets, blankets, and counterpanes; costing me altogether about £20. Then I placed an old woman, whom I could depend on, over all.' She called a meeting of the 'fallen', some of whom she had already met in the workhouse. She offered them accommodation: 'I was going to trust to their honour, for I believed there was still a tiny corner of right good womanly feeling left in all their sin-degraded natures which would keep them from disobeying one who was trying to befriend them.' Four of the women immediately accepted her terms (no alcohol, no locks but a curfew after five o'clock) and three joined the refuge the next week. At <mask>'s Home in Frome, inmates were free to leave the home during the day, and sometimes worked outside the home, coming back at night.She disapproved of institutions which took away the freedom of their inmates, arguing that they were, "I think, misnamed, being more a system for criminals than for penitents." This is referred elsewhere as an Institute for Magdalens. She appealed for funds in the local press on behalf of "our unfortunate sisters, without words of kindness to welcome them back to the paths of virtue and womanly happiness and peace with God". There is no current evidence of how long the home was open for or how many inmates were successfully 'saved' from prostitution, though work with Fromian prostitutes continued after her death. In 1859 she had published another paper: "An Outstretched Hand to the Fallen". In this she wrote: 'the purer, the more ignorant of vice the lady is who seeks them, the greater the influence she has.' She asked a leading question: English Ladies, have you ever analysed these two words - a 'Sister', - though 'fallen'.yes, high-born, gently-bred, delicately-nurtured Ladies, that poor Outcast, upon whom you cast an eye of scorn and loathing as perhaps she tramped up Regent Street this morning, looking wistfully at your luxurious carriage, .... - that poor weary, outwardly-hardened, sin-based creature - a victim to man's brutal requirements - is, in the sight of our most holy God, your Sister .... bless that gracious God who has kept you unfallen in the eyes of the world, though perhaps equally guilty in the sight of Him to whom sin is sin. William Brett Harvey - the owner of the Somerset and Wiltshire journal for many years - was happy to commend her work and to publish letters concerning the Friendless and Fallen Society in London. She herself was a major contributor to 'The Magdalen's Friend and Female Home's Intelligencer', a monthly journal which was published from 1860 to 1864, created to reclaim fallen women and prostitutes, a “rallying point” for “Christians and Philanthropists” working in the field of the “great social evil”. "In a series of articles which include the suggestively entitled “A Fallen Sister”, “The Law of Kindness”, and “Working by Love”, she particularly opposes “Penitentiary gates and walls, and locks and bars”, offering instead a “Ministry of Love”. In her refuge there are “No reproaches for former sin, no dismal doubtings whether they would accept the offer of a new life, but a certain confidence expressed in the full and loving invitation”. Among other contributors to the Magdelens' Friend was Christina Rossetti who worked as a volunteer from 1859 to 1870 at the St. Mary Magdalene "house of charity" in Highgate. In 1853, when the Rossetti family was in continuing financial difficulties, Christina helped her mother keep a school in Fromefield, Frome, just yards from where <mask> lived in Fromefield House, but it is not known whether they ever met.Rossetti's major work in 1862, Goblin Market and Other Poems was an allegoric work about erotic desire and social redemption, a reflection on the veneer of Victorian decorum. Christmas in the Workhouse

'At Christmas time, we begged all the refuse of rich nurseries round, utter rubbish to the children who had wearied of their old toys; added £1 worth of new cheap articles; marbles in bags, balls, tops, &c. - dolls for girls - remembrances for sick children, .... and 1oz. tea, ½lb. sugar, to every grown up inmate there. Only try to throw such "sunshine in a shady place" and all who attempt it will feel that Christmas tide may be made a hundred fold happier than it was ever before. Her own children originally prompted her to provide gifts to the pauper children. The local press recorded many examples of her Christmas visits.In 1866 the Frome Times recorded her and her family bringing 'timely gifts' and 'a bountiful supply of Christmas fare' as well as 'superadded a goodly supply of XXX from the Lamb Brewery'  In 1867 she asked for contributions from the townspeople for 'new cheap toys, or old broken ones', as 'great joys to enliven the dull workhouse life'. The next year she is described as invalid, but her husband attended with family and many friends, distributing 'tokens of goodwill', along with roast beef and plum-pudding, plus strong beer at 'the usual Christmas dinner'. In 1870 she was so ill that she could not take her normal active role but she wrote to the local newspaper asking 'to spare me a basket of apples or walnuts, or buy me some oranges, buns or"sweeties" for the children'. That Christmas her husband and several of her children 'spent three hours in amusing and comforting the inmates'. Her Christian message

All of her writing is imbued with the Christian faith, simple but muscular. She had been challenged by a clerical friend to reject the view that "the kind sympathy of a Christian woman's heart is just the soft soap which we require to make our mechanisms work." Her initial forays into the workhouse had been 'done so quietly that only my immediate family friends knew'.In her book 'Sunshine in the Workhouse, she adopts a stronger tone: 'our Great All-Father says to us: "If they brother be waxen poor, and his hand faileth, then thou shalt relieve him, yea, though he be a stranger or sojourner, that he may live with thee".' Her message is plain, addressed to any who are responsible for looking after the needy, whether politicians, local and national, or members of the public, who show no sympathy. 'We are not, as a Christian nation, doing our loving duty towards those of our beloved land, who are in the Union Houses for no fault of their own; those who, from having no near or dear ones left to them to shelter their declining years, have no other home. She has a sharp view on the hypocrisy of men: Oh English brothers! you speak loathingly of the sinner - do you of the sin? have you never drawn an innocent girl into evil, and then recklessly left her to the awful fate which must ensue when maiden purity and modesty is a tale of the past alone? and now, when these needful means are spoken of, so as to give her another chance of rising from the ruin into which you have plunged her, do you, as respectable Members of Parliament, as Guardians of the Poor, as Magistrates and upholders of right, and putters down of wrong - do you now ignore all thoughts of the kind?and will you leave these poor women, more sinned against on the whole than sinning - will you leave them to their sad and outcast fate, no one caring for body and soul any more than if they were the "brutes that perish"? When visiting, <mask> often brought some gifts with her: fabric, toys, household goods, items of food to distribute to whomsoever she met. She talked with inmates, quietly and confidentially, listening to their stories, lending them books like Robinson Crusoe, Uncle Tom or The Pilgrim's Progress; often she prayed with them or read from the Bible, and encouraged them to sing a hymn together. She tended the dying, whether the final illness was because of ageing infirmity or from venereal disease, careful to show 'the absence of loathing'. The sight of public begging and the likely misuse of such money led her to make an arrangement with the Temperance Hotel in the Market Place to supply twopence of hot drink and bread and butter for a ticket-card issued instead of coins; she reimbursed the costs. Her help is practical, given because of her Christian faith, but always inclusive of those who needed help, whatever their history. She was not on a mission to spread Christianity; her faith was the personal context for her profound humanity.Every one was worthy of care and consideration in her eyes. Legacy

In 1871 <mask> died of a stroke while visiting her brother, a vicar in Wokingham. After a cortege brought her from the railway station, the funeral took place at Holy Trinity Church 'where she had so long worshipped'. 'At the grave the scene was one of striking solemnity .... there were hundreds of mourners - of very class, including even the little ones from the Workhouse'. In 1882 evidence from her writings were given before a Select Committee of the House of Lords on the law relating to the Protection of Young Girls. No extant photograph or other form of portrait of <mask> or of her husband are known to exist. A dementia day care centre opened in Rowden House, 2 Vallis Road, Frome in 2013.It is named the <mask> Sheppard Centre. It specialises in care for dementia patients and their families, offering a range of stimulating activities, much in sympathy with her original wishes for the daily life and well-being of workhouse inmates. References

1813 births
Workhouses in the United Kingdom
English women activists
British social reformers
People from Somerset
1871

masks:
Emma Sheppard
Emma
Emma
Emma
Emma
Emma


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<mask>, 1st Baronet (7 February 1735 – 2 October 1807) was a British merchant, soldier, and later Lord Mayor of London. He is perhaps most famous as the subject of John Singleton Copley's painting Watson and the Shark, which depicts a shark attack on <mask> as a boy that resulted in the loss of his right leg below the knee. Early life and the shark attack
<mask> was the only son of <mask> and <mask> (née Schoefield) born in Plymouth, Devon, in 1735, he was orphaned in 1741 and sent to live with his aunt and uncle in Boston, Massachusetts. His uncle was a merchant who traded in the West Indies. Before the age of 14, <mask> had expressed his interest in the sea, so his uncle signed him up as a crew member on one of his merchant ships. While swimming alone in Havana harbour, Cuba, in 1749, the 14-year-old <mask> was attacked by a shark. The shark attacked twice before <mask> was rescued.The first time, the shark removed flesh from below the calf of <mask>'s right leg; the second time, it bit off his right foot at the ankle. <mask> was rescued by his shipmates, but his leg had to be amputated below the knee. <mask> recuperated in a Cuban hospital and recovered within three months. Military career
On his return to Boston, <mask> found that his uncle was bankrupt. He took a job under Captain John Huston on a schooner that supplied provisions to the British army at Fort Lawrence, Nova Scotia (1750). At Fort Lawrence, he came to the notice of Robert Monckton, and by 1755 he was commissary with Monckton at the Battle of Fort Beauséjour. Three years later he was sent to supervise the expulsion of the Acadians from the Baie Verte area.He worked with the English trader Joseph Slayter, and in 1758 he was commissary under General James Wolfe at the Siege of Louisbourg (1758). He was known as ’the wooden-legged commissary’. In 1759 <mask> went to London to continue his mercantile career, and for a while, he was a partner with Joshua Maugher. <mask> became a successful merchant, engaging in business in London, Montreal and Boston, amongst other places. In 1763 he obtained, with others, a land grant from the government of Nova Scotia of the county of Cumberland, which had been founded four years earlier. Business
<mask> was a member of the original committee of the Corporation of Lloyd's of London in 1772 and later served for ten years as its chairman. He combined his mercantile affairs with government business.He visited Massachusetts, New York and other colonies before the American Revolutionary War, during which time he intercepted letters to General Thomas Gage that were said to prove that Gage was a spy. Calling him ’a traitor’, William Dunlap wrote that <mask> ”ingratiated himself with many leading Americans, obtained as much information on their designs as he could, and transmitted it to his chosen masters”. In November 1775 <mask> accompanied the American prisoner Ethan Allen on a voyage from Canada to England. Allen wrote that he ”was put under the power of an English Merchant from London, whose name was <mask>: a man of malicious and cruel disposition, and who was probably excited, in the exercise of his malevolence, by a junto of tories, who sailed with him to England ...”. <mask> was examined by the House of Commons in 1775, when Lord North’s bill concerning the fisheries of New England was before parliament. In 1782 he acted as Commissary General to the army commanded in North America by Sir Guy Carleton. Brook Watson & Co owned at least two South Sea whaling ships.These were Prince William Henry (1792–1795) and  (1802–1810). Politician
After this, he returned to London, where he was elected to serve as an Alderman of the City. <mask> served as a Member of Parliament for the City of London from 1784 until 1793. He was also Sheriff of London and Middlesex in 1785. <mask> was agent for New Brunswick in London from 1786 until 1794, and Commissary-General to the Duke of York from 1793 to 1795. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1796. From 1798 until 1806 he was Commissary-General of England (Alexander Dallas also refers to this office as the ”Commissariat Office of the Treasury”).<mask> was also a director of the Bank of England. A verse penned by one of <mask>’s political enemies poked fun at his ordeal (and perhaps at his abilities):

<mask> and the Shark

Sources differ as to how <mask> and the artist John Singleton Copley met in 1774: some say they travelled on the same ship from Boston to England, and some that they met in London. Whatever the circumstances of their meeting, <mask> commissioned Copley to produce the work, known as <mask> and the Shark which was completed in 1778. The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1778 and caused a sensation. Today the text beneath the painting reads:

<mask>’s will, dated 12 August 1803, stated: ”I give and bequeath my Picture painted by Mr. Copley which represents the accident by which I lost my Leg in the Harbour of the Havannah in the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty Nine to the Governors of Christ's Hospital to be delivered to them immediately after the Decease of my Wife <mask> or before if she shall think proper so to do hoping the said worthy Governors will receive the same as a testimony of the high estimation in which I hold that most Excellent Charity and that they will allow it to be hung up in the Hall of their Hospital as holding out a most usefull  Lesson to Youth”. The school’s Committee of Almoners accepted the painting in 1819. In 1963 it was purchased from Christ’s Hospital by the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.Personal life

<mask> married Helen Campbell in 1760. Her father was Colin Campbell, a goldsmith working in Edinburgh. The <mask>s had no children. <mask> was made a baronet on 5 December 1803. <mask>’s coat of arms was designed to reference his ordeal with the shark. Underneath Neptune brandishing his trident, the shield bears <mask>’s severed right leg, with the Latin motto Scuto Divino (’Under God's Protection’) below. In return for his services in North America, Parliament voted <mask>’s wife an annuity of £500 for life.<mask> died in 1807. His baronetcy descended, by special remainder, to his grand-nephew William. References

 Allen, Ethan (1838). A Narrative of Colonel Ethan Allen's Captivity, Written by Himself, 3rd. ed., Burlington, Vermont. Jeffery, Margaret (Dec 1942). ”A Painting of Copley's English Period”, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, 1(4):148–150

External links

 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1735 births
1807 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
British MPs 1784–1790
British MPs 1790–1796
Sheriffs of the City of London
18th-century lord mayors of London
18th-century British politicians
18th-century English politicians
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Shark attack victims
English amputees
People from Plymouth
British people in whaling

masks:
Sir Brook Watson
Watson
Watson
John Watson
Sarah Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Brook Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Helen Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson
Watson


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<mask> (born September 25, 1844 in Bremen – died February 25, 1916 in New York, United States) was a German socialist politician and activist and editor of various social democratic newspapers. Biography

Early life
He was born in Bremen and baptized Protestant however later became an atheist. <mask> attended the polytechnic school in Hanover and continued his studies in Berlin where he came in to contact with the rising labour movement in Prussia. He eventually abandoned his studies and became a journalist. Entry in to politics and leader of German social democracy
<mask> joined the General German Workers' Association of Ferdinand Lassalle and became the chief editor of the party's newspapers Social-Demokratie and Der Agitator which were under the direction of Johann Baptist von Schweitzer who later became the party's chairman. After Schweitzer's resignation as chairman possibly due to his agreements with Otto von Bismarck, <mask> waz elected the chairman of the AVDA, and from that point on <mask> and Hasenclever worked closely together. The Social Democrat and The Agitator became the new party newspaper, renamed The New Social Democrat in summary; <mask> remained its content-wise defining editor.<mask> also worked for various other partly regional, workers' newspapers, some of which he founded himself and of which he was the chief editor in charge. The ADAV grew from 5,300 members in 1871 to more than 19,000 party members by the turn of the year 1873/74. By then, the New Social Democrat had increased its customer base to over 11,000 subscribers. <mask> was elected in the Reichstag for the first time and was one if the three members of the ADVA elected. Because of the increasing pressure of the anti socialist and union laws implemented by the Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the two formerly competing parties, the General German Workers' Association and The Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany decided to unite in a joint congress initiated by Hasselmann and the spokesperson of the SDAP <mask> Liebknecht. <mask> was decisive in the creation of the newly formed Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (later Social Democratic Party of Germany) Gotha Programme. Karl Marx later mockingly referred to Hasselmann as the "Berlin Marat" in his work Critique of the Gotha Programme.In 1876 he published the newspaper Die Rote Fahne (the name was later re-used for the KPD organ), which was initially conceived as a pamphlet and then as a revolutionary weekly newspaper, Hasselmann came in to conflict with August Bebel. Babel accused him of using his newspaper to displace the new party organ of the Social Democrats, Vorwärts behind the backs of the party executive (Central Election Committee) and thus wanting to split the SAP. After the two unsuccessful assassination attempts at the life of Kaiser <mask> II the situation for the social democratic movement in Prussia worsened. The Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck implemented the repressive Anti-Socialist Laws with the majority votes of the Conservatives and National Liberals. Hasselmann who was becoming more of an outcast with his radical positions both in the pro government conservative circles and within the SAP, he remained relatively popular among the poorer working class. His popularity with the underprivileged classes of the population was expressed for example, in a nursery rhyme that was widespread locally at the time: "Now we choose the Hasselmann then eat the Brodt en Kastemann" ("Kastemann": Colloquial expression for a small coin with a current value of around €0.03). <mask> was re-elected to the Reichstag in 1878 for this constituency, in which he had published the regional party newspaper Bergische Volksstimme since 1876.Even in the Reichstag he continued to express his radical and anti-state views and spoke fondly of the narodniks in Russia and their assassination attempts on Alexander II. After Johann Most lost his mandate, <mask> was the only one in the legislative period from 1878 who openly represented positions with an anarchist tendency in the nine-member Reichstag faction of the SAP, which made him increasingly exposed to political isolation. Expulsion from the SPD and emigration to the United States
In August 1880 <mask> was expelled from the party at the first exiled party congress of the SAP since the Anti-Socialist Act came into force at Wyden Castle in the Swiss canton of Zurich because of his internal opposition to the party. Together with his expulsion from the party, the one against Most, which had already been pronounced three months earlier, was formally confirmed. Most had been in exile in London since the Anti-Socialist Act came into force, where he published the journal Freiheit, which was illegally distributed in Germany in which not only the Bismarck system was attacked, but was also increasingly critical against the moderate attitude of the party leadership of the SAP. <mask> had also written some articles for Freiheit. With the exclusion of the two best-known protagonists of anarchism from German social democracy, their leading representatives, led by Ignaz Auer, who was also able to win  August Bebel for his position, hoped to get rid of the radical social-revolutionary wing of the party and thus the anti-socialist propaganda of the pro-government parties and to deprive their press of the basis.<mask>, who was not present at the party congress himself, gave up his parliamentary mandate, which was formally valid until 1881. A few weeks after being expelled from the party, he emigrated to the US and settled in New York. There, too, he tried to gain a political foothold by founding various revolutionary-socialist associations, but was ultimately unsuccessful. After the "American Workers' Newspaper" founded by him had failed, he stopped his public political activities from 1885/86. In 1888 he received American citizenship. Among other things, he was able to secure his livelihood by later running a beer bar in New York. <mask> died in 1916 unknown  by the public at the age of 71.Works

 Sozial-politische Blätter zur Unterhaltung und Belehrung für die deutschen Arbeiter. Ihring, Berlin 1873–1874 (Jg. 1. 1873, Lieferg 1. Jg. 2. 1874, Lieferg 12, Nr 3.Hrsg. u. red. v. W. Hasenclever; W. <mask>)
 Die Regierung des Deutschen Reichs und der Deutsche Reichstag in ihrer Stellung zur Sozialdemokratie. Die Reden des Preußischen Ministers Eulenburg und der Abgeordneten Hasselmann und Bamberger in der Reichstagssitzung am 29. Januar 1876. Verlag der Genossenschafts-Buchdruckerei, Leipzig 1876
 Die Angelegenheit Fritzsche-Hasselmann vor dem Deutschen Reichstage. Stenographischer Bericht über die Reichstagssitzung am 19.Februar 1879. Verlag der Genossenschafts-Buchdruckerei, Leipzig 1879
 Die Angelegenheit Fritzsche-Hasselmann vor dem deutschen Reichstage am 23.Februar 1880. Antrag des Abgeordneten <mask>clever. Verlag der Genossenschafts-Buchdruckerei, Leipzig 1880

References

1844 births
1916 deaths
Politicians from Bremen
Members of the Reichstag of the German Empire
German socialists
General German Workers' Association politicians
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
German journalists
German newspaper editors
German emigrants to the United States
German social democrats
German anarchists

masks:
Wilhelm Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Wilhelm Hasenclever
Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Wilhelm
Hasselmann
Wilhelm
Wilhelm Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Wilhelm Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Wilhelm Hasselmann
Hasselmann
Wilhelm Hasen


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<mask> (born 14 March 1982 in Villa de Mayo, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine former footballer, who played as an attacking midfielder. Club career

Boca Juniors
Son of <mask>, a former Boca Juniors player, <mask> started off his youth career at Argentinos Juniors before being signed by Boca Juniors in a package of youth players that included names such as Juan Román Riquelme, Fabricio Coloccini and César La Paglia. Marinelli had only one reserve appearance against Independiente in August 1999 before being spotted by Middlesbrough when Boca's U-19 team played in Europe. On 27 October 1999, he joined the English side for £1.5 million. Middlesbrough
Billed as the new Maradona by the English press, <mask> played his first match for Middlesbrough for the reserve team against Barnsley, scoring from a free-kick in a game that had an attendance of nearly 10,000 people. He made his first team debut at the 1999 Boxing Day Premier League match against Sheffield Wednesday, playing the second half in a 1-0 loss. He had a second Premier League appearance that season in a 1-1 draw against Watford.The following season, <mask> played a total of 13 matches with only 305 minutes of action, averaging less than 25 minutes per match played. He was sent off in the 2-2 draw against Bradford City on 25 November 2000 and had dealt with ankle injuries that cost his place at the Argentina under-20 squad for the 2001 South American U-20 Championship. Under Steve McClaren, who was appointed manager for the 2001-02 season, <mask> featured regularly for the first team after recovering from a calf injury earlier in the season and earned a regular spot in the first team after a 5-1 win against Derby County, in which he scored his first goal for the team and later his second, had one assist and contributed to another goal after having a shot rebounded to Szilárd Németh. Losing his starting place in the second half of the season, <mask> ended the 2001-02 season with 20 appearances. After an unimpressive start in the 2002–03 season, <mask> played just 7 league matches in the season, having scored once against Brentford in a 2002–03 Football League Cup match. After being close to return to Boca Juniors, he stalled on the move after a managerial change at the Argentinian club. Loan to Torino
On 31 January 2003, he was loaned to Torino until the end of the season, playing a total of 7 Serie A matches, receiving a red card in the derby against Juventus after pushing the referee.Although Torino wanted to sign <mask> on a permanent basis, the deal called off after both parties disagreed on the wage fee. Return to Middlesbrough
After returning to Middlesbrough, <mask> played in the 2003-04 season opener against Fulham, scoring once in the 3-2 loss which was his last league match for Boro. On 14 November 2003, his contract was ended by mutual consent after failing to live up to expectations. Boca Juniors
After becoming a free agent, <mask> stated his desire to return to Boca Juniors and signed for his boyhood club in 2004. His official debut was against Vélez Sarsfield in a 3-3 draw, when he scored on his debut against Vélez only to have it was officially awarded as an own goal. However, he took the blame of a goal scored by Marcelo de Souza after being beaten by the opponent and failing to chase him back. He only played other two league matches against Banfield and Racing and was overlooked by then manager <mask> after being sent off in a reserve match.<mask> took part in the 2004-05 preseason friendlies under Miguel Ángel Brindisi, before leaving the club. Racing Club
<mask> joined Racing for the 2004-05 season and made his league debut against former club Boca Juniors. Mostly a substitute, he ended 2004 with 11 league appearances for Racing. Return to Torino
In January 2005, after attracting interest from Torino, <mask> paid 30,000 Euros from his own pocket to leave Racing and return to the Italian side. His debut at Serie B was against Hellas Verona and he was sent off just as his last match at the club. Scoring in a 3-1 win against Pescara, <mask> played a total of 16 league matches and helped Torino to achieve promotion to 2005–06 Serie A, but the team was not admitted at the first tier for financial problems and his contract was ended due to the financial crisis at the club. Sporting Braga
In September 2005, <mask> had the opportunity to join Portuguese side S.C. Braga, but had his registration denied by Primeira Liga after the end of the transfer window.He agreed a deal in December and officially signed in January 2006. He played only 4 times for the Portuguese side and left the club after the end of the 2005-06 season. Having limited playing time at Braga due to an injury in his right foot, he returned to Argentina for treatment and trained with Boca Juniors to regain match fitness. Kansas City Wizards
In 2007, he joined the Kansas City Wizards of Major League Soccer after the American club went to Argentina in their preseason and became interested in the player after seeing him in video. <mask> scored his only goal for the Wizards on his debut, from the penalty spot, in a 2-1 loss against Chicago Fire. He ended the 2007 Major League Soccer season with 26 appearances and 5 assists, also playing once in the 2007 MLS Cup Playoffs. The following year, <mask> played only 15 matches, being a starter in only 7 of them and left the club at the end of the 2008 season.Millonarios
On 9 December 2008, Millonarios de Bogotá signed <mask> on a one-year contract for the 2009 Torneo Finalización. At the Colombian club, he played a total of 11 matches and was sent off three times and was released by Millonarios along with four other under-productive players, but claimed he left the club after not receiving his wages. In 2015, FIFA ruled the situation in favour of the player and Millionarios were obliged to pay $550,000 for the player. Aldosivi
After being close to sign for Argentinos Juniors and a period of trial at Huracán, <mask> joined Aldosivi on 17 December 2009. He played a total of 13 matches and scored twice for the Primera B Nacional club. Győri
In September 2010, <mask> returned to European football after he signed for Hungarian side Győri in a short-term deal. He decided to end his contract after only two league matches, stating that his family failed to adapt to the country.Universidad San Martín
On 19 January 2011, <mask> signed with Peruvian first division team Club Deportivo Universidad de San Martín de Porres, taking part at the 2011 Copa Libertadores and scoring once. <mask> stayed at the Peruvian club for 4 years, briefly leaving the club for a week to try to join Argentine club Alvarado which would play the Torneo Argentino A, in the third tier of the Argentinian football, although he was still contracted to Universidad San Martín. At the age of 32, <mask> decided to retire in 2014 due to injuries. International career
<mask> played for the Argentina national under-17 football team at the 1998 Mundialito Youth Tournament, where they were champions and in the 1999 South American Under-17 Football Championship, playing three matches as Argentina finished in 4th place and failed to qualify for the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship. He also played in friendly matches for the Argentina national under-20 football team as they prepared for the 2001 South American U-20 Championship, scoring twice in a match against Bolivia. References

External links
Guardian statistics
 BDFA statistics

1982 births
Living people
People from Malvinas Argentinas Partido
Argentine people of Italian descent
Argentine footballers
Argentina youth international footballers
Argentina under-20 international footballers
Primeira Liga players
Argentine Primera División players
Boca Juniors footballers
Argentine expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Premier League players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Serie A players
Serie B players
Torino F.C.players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
S.C. Braga players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Major League Soccer players
Sporting Kansas City players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate footballers in Colombia
Categoría Primera A players
Millonarios F.C. players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Aldosivi footballers
Expatriate footballers in Hungary
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Győri ETO FC players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate footballers in Peru
Association football midfielders
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Peru

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Carlos Ariel Marinelli
Héctor Marinelli
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Carlos Bianchi
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