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María Luisa Ramsey-Gotidoc (born March 21, 1970), known professionally as <mask> (), is a Filipina soul singer, rapper, record producer, actress, dancer and presenter of mixed Jamaican and Visayan descent. She was a talent of GMA Network but later transferred to ABS-CBN, where she serves as one of the head jury of the Tawag ng Tanghalan segment of the Philippine noontime variety show It's Showtime and performer on ASAP. <mask> is the first Filipino recording artist to chart in the United States, as her debut single "If You Leave Me Now" peaked at 44 at the Billboard Hot 100 chart. <mask> also ventured into musical theatre, playing the role of Surpanakha in the 1999 Filipino musical Rama at Sita staged at the University Theatre. Early life
María Luisa Ramsey also known as <mask> was born on March 21, 1970 in Manila, Philippines. Her mother was Elizabeth Ramsey, a Filipina comedian and singer of Jamaican and Spanish-Filipino descent. Ramsey's father is Reynaldo Kagahastian, a Filipino.Her parents separated when she was young, and her father migrated to the United States. He now resides in Alberta, Canada. She started show business at the age of ten as a backup dancer of her mother and at the age of 12 she started to be a backup singer and frontacts in some minor and major shows. She began performing solo in 1982, using the name Louise Ramsey. The young Louise did not finish high school in the Philippines because of her busy lifestyle as a child performer. She nonetheless managed to receive high marks and was once elected class president. In the United States
Her mother Elizabeth decided to leave for the United States in June 1985, and brought Louise with her.There she continued her solo singing stints, performing with other Overseas Filipino artists like Tillie Moreno, Eddie Mercado, Lerma dela Cruz, and the duo Reycards. Life in America was likewise difficult for both <mask> and her mother. They stayed in different cities in California. She attended John Marshall High School in Los Angeles, which at the time already had a large Filipino-American student population. She ran away from home in 1988 after finishing high school, moving to New York with a friend and landing a job as a backup vocalist for Stevie B's group of musicians. Career

US debuts
Ramsey was re-christened "<mask>" in 1989 by her American producer after signing a record deal in the United States. After one year, <mask> moved to Florida, where she was offered to be a ghost-singer for an album but after listening to her voice, the management decided to do the album with <mask>.Philippine debuts
1995 was a turning point in <mask>'s musical career. Pilita Corrales, dubbed "Asia's Queen of Songs", noticed her voice after <mask> did an opening act for Corrales, Carmen Soriano, the late Bert "Tawa" Marcelo, and Elizabeth in the United States. Corrales then asked <mask> if she would like to return to Manila and record an album, to which she agreed. <mask> returned to the Philippines and signed a record deal with Viva Records in March 1995 and completed her first local album. Five songs were recorded in the US while the rest were done in the Philippines. <mask> is noted for being the Philippine music industry's female record holder of a seven-times platinum album. She was a big hit when Pinoys first heard her belt out soul ditties in 1996.Her winning the 1996 Metropop Song Festival via Danny Tan's "Sometimes You Just Know" made her the biggest star on the rise at the close of the last century. Her first album under Viva Records hit an all-time high of 9 times platinum. In 1997, she released her third album In the Raw, (second in the Philippines) the follow-up to her massive-selling 1996 Philippine debut album, Jaya, which sold nine times platinum, (360,000 units; platinum is 40,000 units sold). In this year also, 1997, she started performing in SOP, a Sunday variety noontime show in GMA Network. She also won as Best Interpreter at the Asia Song Festival held in Hong Kong in February 1997 for her rendition of the song "You Lift Me Up", composed by Danny Tan with lyrics by Dodjie Simon. This composition also received the grand prize, the Best Song award. She adorns Magpakailan pa Man (Up to the End), with soulful, Toni Braxton-styled flourishes, and renders the upbeat, "Together" with panache and verve.Her assured handling of the delicately nuanced, "Sana'y Maulit Muli" (May it Recur Again), is a tour de force. The album sold quintuple-platinum (200,000 units sold). She released a Christmas album, entitled Kung Kailan Pasko which contained traditional carols alongside original compositions, including a jazz version of The Christmas Song. In 1999, PolyMax Records, a label of then-PolyGram Records Philippines (now an affiliate of Universal Records) released Jaya's A Love Album, first released in 1992 in Japan under the same title. The album consists of songs taken from an earlier Jaya album, also called A Love Album, released in the United States in 1989, as well as songs recorded specifically for the 1992 Japanese release. In 1992, while touring Japan as a backup singer and keyboardist for American R&B artist Stevie B., <mask> was approached by the Japanese label Toshiba/EMI to make an album for Japanese release. A Love Album was released in Japan in conjunction with Jaya's American label, LMR Records, which still owns master rights, and from whom PolyMax obtained permission to release the album in the Philippines (according to Kazu Watanabe, managing director of PolyMax Records).A Love Album is exquisitely produced, and <mask> acquits herself well on the album's upbeat R&B/dance-styled tunes and soulful ballads. In 1999, <mask> released, her fifth album released in her native country since 1996, entitled Honesty originally done by Billy Joel, was also her career single. Honesty differs greatly from <mask>'s two previous major albums released in the Philippines, 1996's <mask> and 1997's In the Raw. Though, as before, Honesty contains mostly passionate, easy-listening love songs, this time out her approach is more intimate. She doesn't add many soulful flourishes as before, nor does she allow herself to soar passionately to the heavens, which she often did on her previous albums. Another major difference is the inclusion of three modern, rhythm and blues styled songs, including, "We Thang," "Tear to Fall" and "In My Dreams." These songs are far more contemporary and have much more international appeal than the easy-listening love songs which dominate <mask>'s music.After five years in the recording scene, she released her first greatest hits album, entitled Five featuring a duet of Habang May Buhay (While There's Life) with Regine Velasquez and Kung Wala Na (If It Is Gone) from the Abandonada soundtrack. In 1999, <mask> faced a big challenge when she did her first musical, the Ramayana-based Rama at Sita that starred Lani Misalucha. Her performance as the demon king Ravana's sister, Soorphanaka, was memorable for her skillful treatment of risque songs and sultry dancing. Also in 1999, <mask> was offered to be a main host in a GMA Network variety show called SOP. 2000: Unleashed and concert scene
In 2001, <mask> released her sixth Unleashed album. <mask> sings in a relaxed, confident manner, and performs middle-of-the-road songs that mostly have depth and quality. <mask> mostly foregoes the soulful embellishments that were plentiful in her first two albums, 1996's <mask> and 1997's In the Raw, although every so often she adds a few unwritten notes in a passionate, soulful manner.She approached her last album, 1999's Honesty, in the refined manner that she furthers on Unleashed. <mask> covers Roy Orbison's "Love Hurts" and John Lennon's "Love" in an understated, yet enjoyable manner. Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly" features an imaginative, bass-heavy arrangement. In 2001, she released her first live album, entitled, <mask> Live at the Araneta. The album is dominated by performances of American hits. For example, the album starts with a performance of Aretha Franklin's 1960s hit "Respect", and also includes Labelle's "Lady Marmalade", Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit," and Roy Orbison's "Love Hurts." She performs several of these ballads here, including her first hit in the Philippines, "Dahil Tanging Ikaw" (Because It's Only You).Several guest artists also have spots, including Regine Velasquez, who performs Abba's "Dancing Queen"; boy band Jeremiah, who accompanies <mask> on remakes of songs by American boy bands, including Westlife's "Swear It Again"; and male singers Wency Cornejo, KC Montero, and Rivermaya's vocalist and songwriter, Rico Blanco. After 4 years of hiatus in the music scene, <mask> returned with her seventh studio album entitled, Fall in Love Again. Friends, old and new helped <mask> put the album together. One of these is Ogie Alcasid, who composed and produced "Ako'y Sa'yo" later revived by Regine Velasquez, "Maging Akin Ka Lamang" and their duet of "Bakit Di Mo Sabihin". Another one is Vehnee Saturno, who wrote and produced most of <mask>'s early hits. His contributions are "Pagkukunwari" and "Di Na Ba Kita Mapipigilan", which is the album's first single release. 2007: New label
In 2007, she released her eighth album Cool Change under her new label, GMA Records, featuring covers of international hit songs including Donna Summer's "On the Radio" and the Chaka Khan's "Through the Fire".All of the songs were presented with new arrangements in various musical genres. The first single was "Is It Over?" originally sung by Ronnie Milsap which received Platinum award in 2009. After her Platinum Record solo album, "Cool Change, " Ramsey released her ninth studio album entitled, Real.Love.Stories. It contains 14 love songs carefully picked and beautifully revived by the Philippine's Queen of Soul, such as "Breathe Again" originally sung by Toni Braxton; "Old Friend" by Phyllis Hyman and "Save the Best For Last" by Vanessa Williams. The concept album will be released initially on a limited edition micro secure digital format and after two weeks, it will be available on physical CDs and digital downloading. <mask> was also part of Kaya Natin Ito single cd.The project was supported by Gawad Kalinga to help the tropical storm Ondoy and Pepeng victims that killed more than half a million people all over the country. 2010: New beginnings
On March 1, 2010, <mask> starred in her first soap opera as a supporting character in Diva, a new primetime offering of GMA Network for their 60th Anniversary, alongside Regine Velasquez, Mark Anthony Fernandez and Glaiza de Castro. Her show BandaOke aired from October 25, 2009 to March 21, 2010, and was replaced by the reality sitcom Pepito Manaloto. She was also a main presenter of the GMA-7 variety show, Party Pilipinas. <mask> was reluctant to act before but she enjoyed playing the role of Barang, Regine Velasquez' friend in Diva. She played the nosy landlady Helen de Herenes in Kaya ng Powers, a sitcom that starred Joey Marquez and Rufa Mae Quinto as a couple from outer space. <mask> won Best Female Vocal Performance for the song "Hiding Inside Myself" at 23rd Awit Awards on September 30, 2010, defeating some of the younger local singers of today.2011–2016: All Souled Out and Sunday All Stars judge
<mask> released an album under Universal Records entitled All Souled Out, a CD album containing 12 tracks of all revival songs. It was her third cover album, containing classic R&B and jazz songs that she grew up listening to. The album received a critical response, after experimenting with a variety of sounds in her previous outings, "<mask> comes to terms with what she is really all about as a singer in "All Souled Out." She triumphs in making the material sound genuine, largely because it is perfect for her. And her voice is a thing of wonder. There is warmth, power, and vulnerability in her renditions, making listening to the entire album a breeze—perfect for long drives or for those lazy weekends." She was one of the "Big Four" judges of GMA Network's new musical variety show Sunday All Stars which began airing on June 30, 2013.She also starred in Mga Basang Sisiw as Sally

2016–present: Return to ABS-CBN
Currently, <mask> became a Kapamilya after being welcomed on ABS-CBN's and after 16 years with GMA Network, noontime-variety show It's Showtime last July 16, 2016, and she is now a part of the jury on Tawag ng Tanghalan. In November 2016, <mask> was one of the guests of the Filipino girl group DIVAS' first concert titled DIVAS Live in Manila along with K Brosas and Regine Velasquez. Personal life
In 1998, <mask> married musician Andrew Buffington, whom she met in 1995. After three years of marriage, she filed for divorce. <mask> married her second husband Gary Gotidoc in May 2006, and at the age of 36 she gave birth to her daughter Sabriya. On July 27, 2009 at 5:28 pm, she gave birth to a healthy baby boy at the Cardinal Santos Medical Center. The baby was named Dylan and weighed 8.2 pounds.Voice
<mask> is one of the Philippine's Finest Contraltos, widely known for her dark and big voice, low registered as low as A2. Contraltos can extend their notes to the mezzo-soprano or to the lower range. She can belt in the Ab5 note in her rendition of "Through the Fire" even as high as A5 in her version of "High Energy". Discography

Studio albums
1989: <mask> (U.S. release)
1996: <mask>
1997: In the Raw
1998: Kung Kailan Pasko
1999: A Love Album (Japanese release)
1999: Honesty
2001: Unleashed
2005: Fall in Love Again
2007: Cool Change
2009: Real.Love.Stories.

masks: Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya


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<mask> (; 3 November 1927 – 25 September 2004) was a Chinese archaeologist, epigrapher, and president of the Shanghai Museum. He was credited with saving priceless artifacts from destruction during the Cultural Revolution, and was instrumental in raising funds and support for the rebuilding of the Shanghai Museum. He was a recipient of the John D. Rockefeller III Award, and was awarded the Legion of Honour by French President Jacques Chirac. <mask> was an authority on ancient Chinese bronzes and published more than 80 books and academic papers, including a 16-volume encyclopedia of the bronzes. He was responsible for recovering ancient relics including the Jin Hou Su Bianzhong and Warring States period bamboo strips, which are now considered China's national treasures. <mask> suffered from depression in his final years, and committed suicide in September 2004. Early life and career
<mask> was born in 1927 in Shanghai.In 1946, he joined an underground cell of the Communist Party of China, and graduated from the history department of Daxia University in Shanghai, a predecessor of East China Normal University, in 1951. He worked for the education department of the Shanghai Municipal Government before joining the Shanghai Museum in 1954. <mask> was originally assigned to be a manager and Communist Party secretary of the museum, but he resigned from his political positions in 1956 to focus on academic work, and later became director of the bronze research department. Cultural Revolution
As the Cultural Revolution erupted in 1966, Chairman <mask> called for the destruction of the Four Olds, and teenage Red Guards rampaged through people's homes to destroy relics of pre-Communist China. Desperate Shanghai collectors sought protection of their antiques at the Shanghai Museum, and <mask> slept in his office to take phone calls and to dispatch museum employees around the clock. <mask> initially kept the Red Guards out of the museum by organizing his employees as fake Red Guards, and protected the relics by painting Maoist slogans over the display cases. However, some of his own staff were soon swept by the revolutionary fervour.An extremist faction of museum workers seized <mask> along with other senior officials, and imprisoned him in a storage room for nine months. Trying to coerce the officials into confessing that they were "traitors", the extremists repeatedly lifted them up and dropped them onto the marble floor. Several of <mask>'s colleagues died. <mask> survived the torture, and was sent to a labour camp in Hubei province for five years. In 1972, after American President Richard Nixon's historic visit to China, <mask> was brought back to Shanghai to organize an exhibition of archaeological treasures to tour the United States. The Cultural Revolution ended after the death of <mask> in 1976. Rebuilding the Shanghai Museum

In 1985, <mask> was appointed the Director of the Shanghai Museum.When the museum was omitted from Shanghai's five-year reconstruction plan in 1992, <mask> lobbied Mayor Huang Ju for its rebuilding. After seeing the dilapidated rooms of the Zhonghui Building where the museum was then housed, Huang agreed to allocate a prime site on the People's Square, but the museum had to raise its own building funds. <mask> raised US$25 million by leasing the old building to a Hong Kong developer. He also made many trips abroad to solicit donations, mainly from the Shanghai diaspora who had fled to Hong Kong after the Communist revolution, raising another US$10 million. The money still ran short, but he eventually persuaded the city government to allocate another  to complete the building. The museum reopened on 12October 1996 to wide acclaim, and <mask> gained international fame. He won the John D. Rockefeller III Award from the Asian Cultural Council in that year.French President Jacques Chirac awarded <mask> the Legion of Honour in 1998, and invited <mask> to accompany Chinese President Jiang Zemin to a private dinner with him in France. The South China Morning Post of Hong Kong commented that <mask> seemed to have "willed [the Shanghai Museum] into existence." Recovering cultural relics

After the opening up of China from the 1980s, tomb robbery was rampant and many artifacts were looted and smuggled across the border to Hong Kong. <mask> was active in recovering many of the items from the Hong Kong antique market. In 1992, he purchased the 3,000-year-old Jin Hou Su bianzhong (), which were listed by the Chinese government as one of the first 64 national treasures forbidden to be exhibited abroad in 2002. In 1994, <mask> recovered more than 1,200 Warring States period bamboo slips from the Kingdom of Chu, now known as the Shanghai Museum bamboo slips. Several ancient texts were written on the strips, including the Kongzi Shi Lun, a previously unknown commentary on the Confucian Classic of Poetry attributed to Confucius himself.The discovery caused a sensation in academia, and the texts have been the subject of intense studies by numerous scholars, including <mask> himself. Academics
<mask> was an authority on ancient Chinese bronzes and published more than 80 books and academic papers. His book Ancient Chinese Bronzes, translated into English and published by Oxford University Press (), is highly influential and widely used as a university textbook. His 16-volume encyclopedia, Zhongguo Qingtongqi Quanji (中国青铜器全集, "Complete Compilation of Chinese Bronzes"), is the most comprehensive book on Chinese bronzes ever published. He was also the chief editor of Shanghai Bowuguan cang Zhanguo Chu zhushu (上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书, "Warring States Chu Bamboo Books of the Shanghai Museum"), a groundbreaking research on the Warring States bamboo strips recovered by <mask>o Wenhua de Caitao (仰韶文化的彩陶, "Painted Ceramics of the Yangshao Culture"), and Shang Zhou Qingtongqi Mingwen Xuan (商周青铜器铭文选, "Selected Bronze Inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties"). In addition to his main position as Director of the Shanghai Museum, <mask> also taught as a part-time professor at Shanghai's East China Normal University and Fudan University.He was also a council member of the Archaeological Society of China, and vice chairman of the China Museum Society. Retirement and suicide
<mask> retired in 1999, but still served as an advisor to the Shanghai Museum. However, he had conflicts with the new management which became increasingly bitter. He was accused of misusing US$250,000 donated by a Chinese-American collector, but an investigation cleared him of wrongdoing. There were also rumours that some of the ancient bamboo strips he purchased for a high sum from public funds were fake. In his final years, <mask> allegedly suffered from high blood pressure and kidney problems, yet followed his doctor's advice meticulously. It is also said that he suffered from depression, and committed suicide on 25 September 2004.Official newspapers in China reported his death but did not initially disclose the cause. When President Chirac organized his visit to Shanghai in October, he insisted on meeting with <mask>, without realizing that he had died. Personal life
<mask> was married to Chen Zhiwu. They had a daughter, who lived in Australia. Before <mask>'s death, he invited his daughter to spend two weeks with him in Shanghai. He committed suicide three days after his daughter returned to Australia. References

1927 births
2004 deaths
Chinese archaeologists
Educators from Shanghai
East China Normal University alumni
Suicides in the People's Republic of China
Victims of the Cultural Revolution
East China Normal University faculty
Fudan University faculty
Chinese epigraphers
Scientists from Shanghai
Writers from Shanghai
Chinese palaeographers
Directors of museums in China
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
20th-century archaeologists
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy

masks:
Ma Chengyuan
Ma
Ma
Ma Chengyuan
Ma
Mao Zedong
Ma
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Ma
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Mao
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Ma Chengyuan
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Masha
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Ma Chengyuan
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<mask> fitz <mask> (died 26 December 1191) was a medieval Bishop of Bath and an Archbishop of Canterbury-elect in England. A member of an Anglo-Norman noble family, he was the son of a bishop, and was educated in Italy. He was a household clerk for Thomas Becket, but by 1167 he was serving King Henry II of England. He was also a favourite of King Louis VII of France, who had him appointed abbot of the Abbey of Corbeil. After <mask> angered Becket while attempting to help negotiate a settlement between Becket and the king, Becket called him "that offspring of fornication, that enemy to the peace of the Church, that traitor." When he was elected as a bishop, the election was challenged by King Henry's eldest son, Henry the Young King, and <mask> was forced to go to Rome to be confirmed by Pope Alexander III. He attended the Third Lateran Council in 1179, and spent much of his time administering his diocese.He was elected Archbishop of Canterbury in 1191, but died before he could be installed. Early life

<mask> was the son of Josceline de Bohon, the Bishop of Salisbury, although he was possibly born before his father became a priest. <mask> was a great-great-grandson of Humphrey de Bohun, one of the companions of William the Conqueror. Some sources say that he was born while his father was studying law in Italy. His uncle Richard de Bohon was Bishop of Coutances from 1151 to 1180. He was also related to Robert, Earl of Gloucester. Savaric <mask>in, <mask>'s successor at Bath, was <mask>'s father's second cousin.<mask>'s mother may have a member of the family of the counts of Maurienne. He was born and brought up in Italy, which led to him sometimes being referred to as <mask>, <mask>us or <mask> Lombard. He was appointed Archdeacon of Wiltshire by his father before 8 December 1161, when he first signed a document as archdeacon. He served in Thomas Becket's household after Becket became archbishop, and by June 1164 was serving Becket's interests in France at both the court of the French King Louis VII and the papal Curia. It was probably in November 1164 that Louis named <mask> abbot of the Abbey of Corbeil. <mask> probably studied at Paris sometime during 1163 or 1164, as he had a letter of introduction from Pope Alexander III to Hugues de Champfleury, Bishop of Soissons, the chancellor of Louis VII. <mask> did not complete his studies for the title of master, however, as he was in service with the King of England by 1167.He served King Henry II as a royal messenger to Rome during the crisis with Becket in 1167. For the next four years, <mask> would be embroiled in the dispute and with trying to find a diplomatic solution to it. While serving Henry, <mask> incurred Becket's displeasure enough that Becket called <mask> "that offspring of fornication, that enemy to the peace of the Church, that traitor." However, John of Salisbury always maintained friendly relations with both <mask> and his father, even though John was a partisan of Becket's. <mask> took part in the negotiations in August and September 1169 that attempted to reach a settlement between Henry and Becket. These negotiations included papal nuncios and most of the Norman bishops and prominent abbots, as well as the royal clerks. However, the negotiations came to nothing, and led to Becket's castigation of <mask>.<mask> was one of the main clerics working for King Henry during the dispute with Becket, along with John of Oxford, Richard of Ilchester, and Geoffrey Ridel. Henry's plans to reward the four with bishoprics in late 1170 probably precipitated the final crisis that led to Becket's murder. Bishop of Bath
<mask> was elected Bishop of Bath in late April 1173, and was consecrated 23 June 1174. However, Henry the Young King challenged the election, on the grounds of illegitimacy and an uncanonical election. <mask> went to Rome in the company of Richard of Dover, who had just been elected Archbishop of Canterbury and was facing a challenge from the Young King to his election. <mask> was confirmed by Pope Alexander III on 18 April 1174 with Walter Map alleging bribery as the only reason the election was confirmed. Ralph de Diceto, however, states that <mask> swore an oath that he was uninvolved in the death of Becket and that his birth took place before his father became a priest.During the dispute, <mask>'s friend Peter of Blois wrote him a letter, which is still extant, encouraging him to persevere. As a bishop, <mask> was kept busy attending the king's councils and the royal court, but also took part in the 1178 mission to Toulouse, led by Cardinal Pierre of San Crisogono, which attempted to deal with the Cathar heretics there. He attended the Third Lateran Council in 1179. During the 1180s, he was more active in the affairs of his diocese, and appears less often in the secular affairs of the kingdom, but in 1189 he took part in the coronation of King Richard I of England. In April 1191 he was one of the persons selected to arbitrate between the chancellor William Longchamp and Prince John of England. He also attended the trial of William Longchamp on 5 October 1191 at Loddon Bridge between Reading and Windsor that dismissed Longchamp from his offices. He may have been an unsuccessful candidate for the chancellorship of England.He was active as a bishop: some 122 acta from his time as bishop survive. He built the hospital of St. John in Bath, as well as building extensively at Wells Cathedral and starting the construction of the Bishop's Palace. He also issued a confirmation of the status of the town of Wells. Archbishop of Canterbury

Baldwin of Forde, the archbishop of Canterbury, died in 1190, while on Crusade in Palestine. Early in 1191, King Richard wrote to the cathedral chapter of Canterbury, which was composed of monks, not regular clergy, to recommend the election of William, who was Archbishop of Monreale, but this idea was not acted upon by the monks. In the autumn, William Longchamp, the chancellor, was driven from the kingdom by Walter de Coutances, who had been sent by the king to deal with the issue of Longchamp's misgovernment, and Prince John. Walter then turned to the issue of the vacant see of Canterbury, and ordered an election to take place on 2 December, and several bishops as well as Prince John and Walter arrived early at Canterbury.But <mask> was elected to the Archbishopric of Canterbury on 27 November 1191, by the monks. His election was an attempt by the monks to prevent a candidate unacceptable to them being forced on them, and his election was contested by Walter, who appealed to the papacy, and the monks counterappealed. <mask>'s death on 26 December 1191 stopped the controversy and appeals. <mask> was probably chosen by the monks because he had supported the monks of Canterbury against their archbishop Baldwin of Forde in their dispute over the foundation of a church dedicated to Saint Thomas Becket. He died at Dogmersfield, Hampshire, and was buried at Bath. Before his death, he was admitted as a confrater of Christ Church Priory, Canterbury, and was buried in the habit of a Benedictine monk. According to a monk of Eynsham Abbey, after <mask>'s death "he performed miraculous cures for certain weak and sick people."The same source claimed <mask> wore a hair shirt under his episcopal vestments. Notes

Citations

References

Further reading

<mask>tz Jocelin
12th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops
Bishops of Bath
Archdeacons of Wilts
Anglo-Normans
<mask>
1191 deaths
Year of birth unknown
12th-century English Roman Catholic bishops

masks:
Reginald
Jocelin
Reginald
Reginald
Reginald
Reginald
FitzGeldew
Reginald
Reginald
Reginald
Reginald Italus
Reginald Lombard
Reginald the
Reginald
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<mask> (December 14, 1845 – August 28, 1898) was the 23rd governor of the U.S. state of Indiana from 1893 to 1897. A farmer, he was nominated to prevent the loss of voters to the Populist Party. The Panic of 1893 occurred just before he took office, leading to severe economic problems during his term. Republicans took the Indiana General Assembly in the 1894 mid-term election and repudiated many of the Democrats' laws, leading to violence in the assembly. A popular party figure when he left office, he was a nominee to run for president at the 1896 Democratic National Convention, but lost his bid for the nomination to William Jennings Bryan. Early life

Family and background
<mask> was born in Bethel, Kentucky, on December 14, 1845, the son of Thomas A. and <mask>. His mother died when he was four months old, and his father sent him to be raised by an aunt in Kentucky.His father remarried in 1858, and he returned to live with them near Danville, Kentucky. He worked on the family's farm and attended Centre College and graduated in 1867. The same year he moved to Clinton, Indiana, where he met Martha Whitcomb, the daughter of former state governor James Whitcomb. The couple married on January 1, 1868, and had three children. Early political career
<mask> purchased a farm and began to raise livestock and produce grain. He became prominent in the area because of his breeding program and the qualify cattle and horses he produced. In 1872 he was one of the founding members of the National Association of Breeders of Short-Horn Cattle.In 1876 he was elected to a seat in the Indiana House of Representatives and served a single term. In 1882 he ran for the state senate, but was defeated. In 1890, Democratic party leaders approached <mask> and encouraged him to run for Indiana Secretary of State. He was one of several men the party was grooming as a potential candidate for governor in the upcoming election. Democrats at that time were losing members to the Populist Party, and were seeking farmers to lead the party and help win back farming voters. He campaigned against Republican John B. Stoll and won the election by 20,000 votes. He continued in that office for two years before resigning to run for governor.He used his position to become a well-known advocate of the unlimited coinage of silver. Governor

<mask> was nominated to run as the Democratic candidate for governor in 1892 and ran in the fall election against incumbent Republican governor Ira Joy Chase and Populist candidate Leroy Templeton. The campaign focused primarily on depressed farm prices and farmers desires to inflate the currency to alleviate debt problems. <mask> won the election by seven thousand votes. The Populist party failed to make significant gains in the state, and the election marked the party's decline in the state. Shortly before <mask> took office, the national economy was struck by the Panic of 1893, caused in part by the inflationary acts of the government, which <mask> supported in the campaign. In Indiana, it led to a large rise in unemployment, the bankruptcy of most of the state railroad companies, the collapse of many state banks, business failures, and a collapse in land value.<mask> came into office with projected budget shortfalls and threats of worker strikes across the state. Strikes
Coal miners in southern Indiana made good on their threats and joined in a national strike. The strikers attacked railroad tracks to prevent strikebreakers from sending out shipments. <mask> called out nine companies of militia and sent them to forcibly break up the strikers and protect coal shipments. As the militia arrived to resolve the situation, and second large strike broke out in Hammond, as railroad workers seized control of an important railroad hub in northern Indiana, effectively shutting down a large part of the state's exporting via Lake Michigan. <mask> called up additional militia and dispatched them to break up the second strike. The legislature was not in session when <mask> ordered the militia to duty, but they approved of his actions when they gathered later in the year.Because they had not approved the call-up, no funds had been appropriated for paying the men, and <mask> borrowed over $40,000 on his personal credit to pay for the operations. The legislature agreed to reimburse him for his expense. In addition to fighting strikers, <mask> continued the policy of the previous governors of suppressing white cap organizations in the southern part of the state. <mask> had advocated in the campaign the banning of horse racing and prize fighting in the state. He successfully pressed the General Assembly to pass legislation banning the enterprises. He then dispatched the militia and state police to seize the horse tracks and fighting arenas in the state. Conflict with the General Assembly
As the 1894 mid-term elections neared, Republicans were able to secure blame for the poor economic situation on the Democrats, and swept into power in the statehouse, taking strong majorities in both houses.The legislative districts created in 1890 were a subject of intense debate at the time; the legislature during the term of Governor Isaac P. Gray had created several gerrymander districts that favored Democrats. Republicans had contested the districting in the courts, who ruled the state must be redistricted. The Democrats had done so in 1893, but the Republicans overrode their redistricting upon taking power, and created their own plan which effectively reversed the situation and created pro-Republican gerrymander districts. The Republicans continued in their effort to repudiate the decade of Democratic control and passed a controversial bill that revoked all the legislation passed by the previous Democratic-controlled General Assembly and restored the governor's power to appoint people to office. The bill was passed on the final day of the legislative session, knowing that if the governor did not veto it before adjournment, it would become law. It arrived on <mask>'s desk just minutes before adjournment; he promptly vetoed it and ran with his secretaries to try to return it to the assembly before it adjourned. He found the doors locked and called for help from fellow Democrats to beat down the door to the House of Representatives.A newspaper recorded that "Democrats and Republicans fought like beasts of forest" as the governor struggled to deliver the vetoed bill to the speaker. Republicans successfully beat back the Democrats just as the speaker declared an adjournment. Fighting continued for a half-hour after the adjournment before the Democrats withdrew. <mask> took the issue to the Indiana Supreme Court, who ruled in favor of the Assembly, effectively rolling back a decade of Democratic legislation. Before his term as governor ended, <mask> was nominated by David Turpie to run for president at the 1896 Democratic National Convention held in Chicago. <mask> was a leading candidate until the sixth ballot when his supporters switched to William Jennings Bryan after Bryan delivered an impassioned speech. <mask> left office and returned to his farm.He continued making occasional public appearances and delivering speeches. While delivering a speech in Montgomery County, he suffered a stroke and died three days later in an Indianapolis hospital on August 28, 1898. His body was returned to his home town and buried in a Clinton cemetery. Electoral history

See also

List of governors of Indiana

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links
Indiana Historical Bureau: Biography and portrait
National Governors Association
NY Times Obituary

1845 births
1898 deaths
People from Vermillion County, Indiana
Indiana Democrats
Governors of Indiana
Secretaries of State of Indiana
Members of the Indiana House of Representatives
Politicians from Danville, Kentucky
Centre College alumni
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
19th-century American politicians

masks:
Claude Matthews
Matthews
Eliza Ann Fletcher Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Campaign Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews
Matthews


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<mask>Billie<mask> (July 31, 1916 – January 11, 2009) was an American educator and living history museum founder and director. In 1974 she founded the Washburn-Norlands Living History Center on the former estate of Israel Washburn in Livermore, Maine, and served as its volunteer executive director until 1991. Her educational and outreach programs brought 40,000 visitors to the site annually by the end of the twentieth century. She was inducted into the Maine Women's Hall of Fame in 1997. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Augusta, Maine, to <mask>, a farmer, and his wife, <mask>. She was always known as "Billie". Her father had four sons from a previous marriage.She and her family lived in Nictaux, Nova Scotia, from 1923 to 1926. She entered Cony High School in Augusta at age 12 and graduated at age 15. She received a degree in education from the Washington State Normal School in Machias at age 17. Later in life, she earned higher education degrees, including a bachelor's degree in education from the University of Maine at Farmington in 1974 and a master's degree in education from the University of Maine at Portland-Gorham in 1975. Career

After high school, <mask> taught in elementary schools in Parkman, Livermore, and Augusta. She also taught third-grade Sunday school at North Livermore Baptist Church for 23 years. As a teacher at the Payson-Smith School in North Livermore at age 19, <mask> boarded with Clinton and Elizabeth Babb, the former farmer and housekeeper of The Norlands who lived in a cottage on the estate.The stories that the couple told her about the Israel Washburn family piqued her interest in the estate. In 1953 one of the Washburn descendants asked her to help repair the library at The Norlands and open it to visitors, which she began doing one afternoon a week in summer 1954. On the other days, she cleared away debris and discovered reams of historical papers and records which shed light on life in mid-nineteenth-century Maine. In ensuing years, she developed a vision for restoring the mansion, library, church, schoolhouse, barn, and two carriage sheds on the  property, and using them for educational purposes. In 1973 she convinced the Washburn heirs to sign over their property to a nonprofit educational foundation called the Washburn-Norlands Foundation, and opened the Washburn-Norlands Living History Center in 1974. She pursued fundraising and grants to further renovate the buildings, and between 1991 and 1996 raised $125,000 for an endowment campaign which received matching funds from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Gammon designed educational and outreach programs that immersed visiting students, teachers, and tourists in what it was like to live in mid-nineteenth century Maine.She developed six-month and one-year student internships that awarded college credits for on-site living and study. According to a 1999 article in the Indianapolis Business Journal: "Pennsylvania State University students in Parks and Recreation Management trek to Maine every January to cut ice". Gammon also created three-day-weekend programs for teachers and students, as well as for paying tourists, in which participants experienced historical living and study. Each weekend group was divided into two families, the Waters and the Prays, and each participant took on the identity of a historical personage. Gammon herself enjoyed playing these historical roles; one of her favorite characters was that of Mercy Lovejoy, an early nineteenth-century Maine pauper. Thousands of Maine schoolchildren also engaged in role-playing during annual field trips to the site. By the time of Gammon's retirement in 1991, over 40,000 people were visiting The Norlands each year.Gammon wrote numerous pamphlets describing the history of the Washburn family, The Norlands, and life in Maine in the mid-nineteenth century. She served as executive director of the living history museum on a volunteer basis from 1974 to 1991. Though she retired on her 75th birthday in 1991, she returned in 1996 as interim director. She was instrumental in the opening of the Washburn Humanities Center at The Norlands in 1992. Other activities
<mask> was a member of the State Department of Educational Ministries for American Baptist Churches for more than 12 years. She helped establish and run the North Livermore Reading Club Library and the first seniors group in the area, and was also a Girl Scout leader. She was editor of the Maine Archives & Museums Newsletter from 1997 to 2008.Awards and honors
<mask> was inducted into the Maine Women's Hall of Fame in 1997. She received a Distinguished Achievement Award from the University of Maine in 1997. In 1999 she received the Constance H. Carlson Public Humanities Prize from the Maine Humanities Council. Later that same year, she was awarded a History Medal from the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Deborah Morton Award from the University of New England. In 2002 the University of Maine at Farmington awarded her an honorary doctorate. Posthumously, the University of Maine at Machias established the Ethel "Billie" <mask>ammon Scholarship for history or education majors, and the Washburn-Norlands Foundation endowed its annual Ethel "Billie" Gammon History Education Fellowship for Maine high school seniors in 2009. Personal life
She married Alfred Quimby <mask> (1915–1985), a comptroller, in June 1938.The couple settled in North Livermore, where they converted a carriage house into a home. They enjoyed sailing on their boat, Sweet Dream. They had a son and daughter. In 1996 her granddaughter, <mask> Wakefield, conducted an oral history interview with Gammon for a graduate course at the State University of New York at Buffalo, producing the paper There May be Flies on Ma and Pa, But There Ain't No Flies on Bill': An Oral History of a Rural Maine Woman, 1916–Present. Over the next decade Wakefield expanded the book with additional stories and material; the completed book was published in 2006 by the Maine Folklife Center under the title No Flies on Bill': The Story of an Uncontrollable Old Woman, My Grandmother, <mask> 'Billie' <mask>. Selected bibliography

 (with Glenda Richards)

References

Sources

1916 births
2009 deaths
Museum founders
Women nonprofit executives
People from Augusta, Maine
University of Maine at Machias alumni
University of Maine at Farmington alumni
University of Southern Maine alumni
People from Livermore, Maine
Women museum directors
20th-century philanthropists

masks:
Ethel "
" Wilson Gammon
Ethel Searle Wilson
Howard Goucher Wilson
Mable Beatrice Searle Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Gammon
Gammon
Wilson G
Gammon
Darcy Gammon
Ethel
Gammon


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<mask> (; born 18 November 1951) is an Israeli musician, composer, pianist, arranger and singer. Biography
Yonatan (Yoni) <mask> was born in Tel Aviv, Israel. He is the son of Israeli architect Ya'<mask> and stepson of Israeli actress Hanna Meron. He attended Tichon Hadash high school. At sixteen, he composed the music for the hit song "Tears of Angels" (דמעות של מלאכים, "Dma'ot Shel Mal'achim"), written by his high school classmate Dan Minster. Rechter served in the Israeli Artillery Corps band. In 1972, after his release from the army he joined the Israeli band Kaveret as a keyboardist, collaborating with Gidi Gov, Danny Sanderson, Alon Ole'archick and others.When Kaveret represented Israel in the 1974 Eurovision Song Contest, the rules only allowed for 6 on-stage performers (Kaveret had 7 members), so <mask> was asked to be the conductor of their entry. He stayed with the group until it disbanded in 1976. Music career
Apart from playing the keyboard in Kaveret, he formed the progressive rock duo "14 Octaves" with Avner Kenner and arranged and wrote songs for leading Israeli singers, among them Arik Einstein. One of the most famous songs he composed for Einstein was "Your Forehead is Ornamented" (עטור מצחך in Hebrew, "Atur Mitz'chech"). Its first version was arranged by Rechter, and was sung by Arik Einstein with Corinne Allal and Yehudit Ravitz. He later produced albums for Gidi Gov, Esther Ofarim, Yossi Banai and Yehudit Ravitz. One of his performances with Ravitz, which was titled "Once And Forever" (באופן קבוע וחד פעמי, "Be'Ofen Kavu'ah Ve'Chad Pe'ami"), was also released as an album.In 1978, Rechter collaborated on "The Sixteenth Sheep" (הכבש השישה-עשר, "Ha'Keves Ha'Shishah Asar"), an album of poems by Yonatan Geffen set to music. <mask>'s debut album "Intending" (התכוונות, "Hitkavnut") came out in 1979. It included quiet ballads, some based on the lyrics of Israeli songwriter Eli Mohar. That year, he also wrote the music for a dance performance, "A Legend in the Sands," performed by the Inbal Dance Theater. He also composed the music for Inbal's show "Jaffa is Sleeping." In 1981, <mask> collaborated with Matti Caspi and Yitzhak Klepter in the instrumental album "Lines" (קווים in Hebrew, "Kavim"). In 1982, he produced another Gidi Gov album, "40:06", and composed all of its melodies.In 1984, he produced Israeli singer Nurit Galron's album "One Soft Touch" (נגיעה אחת רכה "Negi'aa Achat Rakah"). In 1986, he took part in shows alongside Israeli comedians and performers Gidi Gov, Moni Moshonov and Shlomo Baraba in the comedy show "A One-Time Evening" (ערב חד-פעמי "Erev Chad Pe'ami"), and in the Gulf War in 1991 they did a follow-up show, "A Conventional One-Time Evening" (ערב חד פעמי קונבנציונאלי). In 1988, he composed and arranged the music for an album of songs based on the poems of Avraham Chalfi. In the album "I Used To Be a Child" (Hayiti Pa'am Yeled") he composed and arranged all songs, some of which became very popular in Israel. In the album "The Lion, The Dove and a Blue Hen" (האריה, היונה ותרנגולת כחולה, "Ha'Arie, Ha'Yonah Ve'Tarnegolet Kchulah") Rechter composed and arranged more children's songs. In 1991, the Israel Festival and the Israeli Broadcasting Authority produced an evening of Rechter songs titled "The Main Thing is the Romance" (העיקר זה הרומנטיקה "Ha'Ikar Ze Ha'Romantika"), which aired on Israeli television and was released as an album. In 1995, Rechter and Eli Mohar released an album titled "Thoughts and Options" (מחשבות ואפשרויות, "Machshavot Ve'Efsharuiot").In 2002, Rechter released "Another Story" (עוד סיפור). The solo album, which was divided into three sections, consisted of mostly intimate songs. The album was well received by music critics, but was not a commercial success. Rechter also took part in composing and arranging music for many theatre plays and shows. In 2005, Rechter released a best of double CD entitled "Each time I play", filled with his own recordings, as well as pieces with other singers. Rechter judged auditions for the IDF's musical troupes. Musical style
According to Haaretz music critic Ben Shalev, Rechter's major musical influences were  "Bach, Beatles and Bill Evans."Other influences are Chick Corea and the harmonies of Sasha Argov. He also cites progressive rock and jazz artists such as Herbie Hancock, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Genesis, Yes and Emerson, Lake & Palmer. Personal life
Rechter is married to Dafna, a former art teacher, with whom he has two sons. Awards
In 2008, Rechter won the EMET Prize, awarded for extraordinary achievement in art, science and culture.

masks:
Yoni Rechter
Rechter
akov Rechter
Rechter
Rechter
Rechter


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<mask> (born 1981) is an American lawyer and author who currently serves as a Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Department of Justice. In September 2017, he was nominated by President Donald Trump to fill a vacancy on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama. His nomination drew controversy due to his lack of judicial experience, partisan personal blogging, and failure to disclose that he was married to Ann Donaldson, the chief of staff to White House counsel Don McGahn. He became the third judicial nominee since 1989 to receive a unanimous rating of "not qualified" from the American Bar Association. On December 13, 2017, <mask> withdrew his name from consideration for the appointment. Early life
<mask> earned his Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and history from the University of Alabama, and his Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School, where he served as an articles editor of the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. Career
Earlier in his career, he worked as an associate in the Washington, D.C., office of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, served as law clerk to Judge Joel F. Dubina of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, and served as a law clerk to Judge L. Scott Coogler of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.Before joining the Department of Justice, he served for two years as Deputy Solicitor General under then-Alabama Attorney General Luther Strange, who endorsed his judicial nomination. Prior to joining the Alabama Attorney General's Office, <mask> served as a speechwriter for Senator Rob Portman and as a senior writer for Mitt Romney's presidential campaign. Failed nomination to district court
On September 7, 2017, President Donald J. Trump nominated <mask> to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, to the seat vacated by Judge Mark Fuller, who resigned on August 1, 2015. On October 17, 2017, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. The ABA Standing Committee sent a letter to the Judiciary Committee dated November 7, 2017, stating that it believed <mask> "did not have the requisite trial experience or its equivalent", but that it "had no questions about his integrity or temperament" and that with time and experience "Mr. Talley has great potential to serve as a federal judge." The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights sent a letter dated November 8, 2017 to the Judiciary Committee stating that <mask> "has demonstrated ideologically extreme views that call into question his temperament and ability to approach cases with the fairness and open-mindedness necessary to serve as a federal judge," quoting tweets and blog posts and asking that Chairman Chuck Grassley "not break the Senate tradition of waiting to schedule nomination hearings until their ABA ratings have been submitted, for good reason – so that the committee can have all the relevant information before it when questioning nominees for lifetime appointments to the judiciary." On November 9, 2017, the Senate Judiciary Committee endorsed <mask> for the lifetime appointment in an 11–9 party-line vote; Chairman Grassley, rejecting the ABA's "not qualified" opinion on Talley and fellow nominee Holly Teeter, wrote, "I’ll be voting for both these nominees today....I don’t see extensive trial experience as the sole factor in deciding whether a nominee is qualified." On December 12, Grassley said that he had advised the Trump White House to "reconsider" the nominations of <mask> and Jeff Mateer: "I would advise the White House not to proceed." A spokesperson for Grassley said that the Senator "has been concerned about statements made by nominees Mateer and <mask>, and he’s conveyed those concerns to the White House. Revelations of <mask>’s statements surfaced only after he was reported out of the Judiciary Committee." BuzzFeed News reported that <mask> had offered to withdraw the previous week and that Alabama Senator Richard Shelby had asked <mask> for his letter of withdrawal. On December 13 the White House confirmed that <mask> and Mateer's nominations would not proceed. The nomination of <mask> for a federal district court judgeship was noteworthy because <mask> had never tried a case at the time of his nomination.<mask> was unanimously rated "not qualified" by the American Bar Association's (ABA) Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary. At the time the rating was issued, the ABA had only on two other occasions since 1989 unanimously rated a judicial nominee as "not qualified". <mask>'s nomination was also unusual because of his lack of experience (at the time of the nomination, he had practiced law for three years) and because he "displayed a degree of partisanship unusual for a judicial nominee" on his blog, in 2016 denouncing Hillary Clinton as "Hillary Rotten Clinton" and in 2013, after the Obama administration announced plans and proposals to address gun violence following the December 2012 Sandy Hook shooting, expressing support for the National Rifle Association. In February 2013 on his blog, <mask> said that he "agree[d] completely with" a reader's "thoughtful response" which stated, "We will have to resort to arms when our other rights — of speech, press, assembly, representative government — fail to yield the desired results." While awaiting Senate confirmation, <mask> failed to disclose that he was married to Ann Donaldson, the chief of staff to White House counsel Don McGahn. As part of his Senate confirmation, <mask> was asked to identify family members and others who are "likely to present potential conflicts of interest," but he did not identify his wife. <mask> also did not mention his wife when describing his contact with lawyers for the White House.She was a witness in special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Vanzetta Penn McPherson, a former magistrate judge for the Middle District, wrote an opinion editorial calling <mask> unqualified for the position. On December 13, 2017, a White House official said that <mask> had withdrawn his name from consideration. On January 3, 2018, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. On January 5, 2018, the White House renominated 21 of 26 federal judicial nominees who had been returned by the U.S. Senate. <mask> was not among the 21 individuals who were renominated. Writings
<mask> has published three horror novels/novellas and two "true ghost stories"; in 2011, <mask>'s Lovecraftian horror novel That Which Should Not Be was a finalist for the Bram Stoker Award.<mask> was part of The Tuscaloosa Paranormal Research Group, which investigated claims of paranormal phenomenon such as ghosts. With TPRG co-founder David Higdon he wrote the book Haunted Tuscaloosa about the group's investigations. Personal life
On August 15, 2015, <mask> married Ann Michelle Donaldson, also a Harvard Law School graduate, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. See also
 Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies

References

External links
 Personal blog – current
 Personal blog – 2013
 <mask>'s answers to a 2017 questionnaire for judicial nominees

1981 births
Living people
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American male writers
Alabama lawyers
American male bloggers
American bloggers
American male novelists
Federalist Society members
Harvard Law School alumni
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Paranormal investigators
Lawyers from Birmingham, Alabama
Trump administration personnel
United States Department of Justice lawyers
University of Alabama alumni
People associated with Gibson Dunn

masks:
Brett Joseph Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley
Talley


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<mask> (20 November 1929 – 6 February 2012) was a Nigerian lawyer, politician, diplomat, and a permanent fixture in Nigerian political affairs for more than fifty years. Early life
<mask> was born in Okundi, Cross River State. He received his early education at Okundi Primary School from 1937 to 1940. He also attended the Kakwagon Seminary School between 1941and 1943, before proceeding to Middle Temple and University College, London, from 1955 to 1959, where he received the LLB and the LLM. Chief <mask> was subsequently called to the Bar, Middle Temple. Ambassador Dr. <mask>, LL.B (Hons), LL.M. Ph.D., D.I.A (Lond), Barrister-at-Law of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple (1959) and Advocate and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria (1960)

<mask> was born on 20 November 1929 in Okundi, Osokom Clan, Boki LGA, Cross River State to Chief <mask> and Madam Eshian Atim Tawo both members of the ruling Chieftaincy families of Osokom and Oku towns in Osokom Clan.His early education was at various Roman Catholic mission schools in Boki LGA, then Wolsey Hall, Oxford (postal tuition), University College London and the Middle Temple, London. A lifelong intellectual, MT <mask> was awarded his Ph.D by London University in 1995 at the age of 66, his thesis being centred on the OAU and its settlement of African disputes. After a brief but successful stint working for John Holt, the young MT launched into his political career driven on by the words of his childhood mentor Fr. Patrick Meeham - "you are for your people. You go and speak for them" - and inspired by his first political mentor, Nnamdi Azikiwe. Legislative and ministerial posts:

Member representing Ogoja in the Eastern House of Assembly and House of Representatives, 1952–53

Member for Ogoja in the House of Representatives, 1954–55

Member of Parliament for Ogoja, 1960–66

Federal Minister of Labour, 1953–54; Nigeria’s youngest ever Minister at 23 years of age. Ag.Minister of Transport, 1954

Ag. Minister of Commence and Industry, 1954–55

Ag. Minister of Works, 1955

Minister of State (Naval Affairs) in the Prime Minister’s Office, 1960

Minister of Defence (Navy), 1961–65

Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs, 1963–66

Minister of Transport and Aviation, 1966

Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1992–93

Diplomatic career:

Nigeria’s Pioneer Diplomat:

First High Commissioner for Nigeria in UK, 1955-59. First Nigerian Chief Representative in Washington DC, U.S.A., 1959-60. First Nigerian Chief Representative in the United Nations, 1959-60. Nigeria’s Chief Delegate and Chief Negotiator to the United Nations Disarmament Conference in Geneva, 1963–65

Nigeria’s Chief Delegate and Vice-President of the International Parliamentary Union (IPU), 1960–66

President of the Juridical and Parliamentary Committee of the IPU, 1962–66

Chief Delegate to the United Nations Conference on Diplomatic Privileges and Intercourse in Vienna, Austria, 1961–63

Chief Delegate to the International Civil Aviation Organisation Conference (ICAO), Tokyo, 1964

Leader, Nigerian Delegation to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Conference, Canada 1963 and Jamaica, 1964

Signatory to the U.N. Convention banning Chemical Weapons, Paris, 1993 – having attended its very first sitting in 1963 as Special Assistant (Foreign Affairs) to Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa

Nigerian Ambassador to Germany, 1998–99

OAU assignments:

Appointed Head of the OAU Commission to investigate President Sylvanus Olympio of Togo’s assassination in 1963. Appointed Nigerian Chief Delegate to the OAU Conference in Addis Ababa in 1963.Nigerian Chief Delegate to the Conference on the Army Mutiny in Tanganyika (now Tanzania) in 1964. May the Almighty God continue to bless his soul forever more Amen. Political career
Chief M. T<mask>’s political career began with his membership of Parliament from 1952 to 1955. He has also served his country in various capacities including:
Federal Minister of Labour, 1954
High Commissioner to UK, 1955 to 1959
Representative of Nigeria, Washington DC. 1966. He holds the distinction of being the youngest Nigerian ever to serve in the federal cabinet. Between 1960 and 1966, Chief <mask> returned to serve again in Parliament.During the latter period in Parliament, he served as Federal Minister of Defense for Naval Affairs. He was appointed Chairman, Eastern Nigeria Public Service Commission in 1967, and became Member Constituent Assembly from 1977 to 1978. He was the first national vice-chairman of the Nigeria People’s Party from 1979 to 1981 before moving to the National Party of Nigeria from 1981 to 1983. On several occasions, Chief <mask> has represented his Nation as an ambassador to foreign countries, including a recent appointment as Ambassador to Germany. He has also served as the Pro-Chancellor at Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. He served as his country's Foreign Minister from January to November 1993. Chief <mask> is currently the leader of the South-South Peoples Assembly, (SSPA), a non-political organization that was created to help promote the interests of the peoples of the South-South geo-political zone.His legacy has been continued by his son, Senator <mask> <mask> (Jr.), who is also a prominent politician. References

External links
Interview with <mask>
Detail on Mbu at the Alex Ekwueme Foundation web site

1929 births
2012 deaths
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of University of London Worldwide
Foreign ministers of Nigeria
Federal ministers of Nigeria
Members of the House of Representatives (Nigeria)
High Commissioners of Nigeria to the United Kingdom
Ambassadors of Nigeria to Germany
People from Cross River State
Fellows of the Royal Commonwealth Society

masks:
Matthew Tawo Mbu
Mbu
Mbu
Matthew Tawo Mbu
Matthew Tawo Mbu
Mbu Tawo
Mbu
. Mbu
Mbu
Mbu
Mbu
Matthew Tawo
Mbu
Matthew Mbu


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Meta Antonie "<mask>" <mask> (5 October 1861 – 15 December 1948) was a German painter. Her focus was on landscapes, and she painted many "harbour" paintings. As a young woman she traveled extensively, but the paintings for which she is chiefly remembered mostly show the north German flatlands of her home region. Biography
<mask> was born into an established Bremen merchant family. As a young woman she traveled extensively, notably in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. Those experiences left her with an enduring love both of nature and of art. She was evidently still unmarried when she fell seriously ill at the age of 36.Being still unmarried would have been regarded as unusual for middle class women of this generation, although for the generation born a couple of decades later the impact on the gender balance of wars in Africa (and elsewhere) would leave Germany, Britain, and other colonial powers each with a significant surplus of sometimes reluctant spinsters. It was at the age of 36 that <mask> was confined to bed by a lengthy and serious illness, and it was only then that she reached the (also unconventional) decision that she should become an artist. On her recovery, in 1897 she relocated to Munich where she produced her early works which were mostly water colours. She also began to take lessons from the well regarded Munich-based landscape artist Fritz Baer (1850–1919). At some point during the later 1890s, after bringing her technique as a water colour artist up to standard, she took an extended trip to Scotland where she was able to work on her landscape painting technique with the young water colour painter, Glasgow-born John Terris (1865–1914). During and after this developmental phase the pattern was set. Elster produced numerous etchings, lithographs and, most notably, water colours depicting landscapes, often showing the same scenes at different times of day.Back in Germany she made it her habit to work from her studio at Leopoldstraße 31 in Munich during the summers months, returning to Bremen during the winters. While in Bremen, and before heading south for the summer, she would spend the spring months as a member of the nearby Dötlingen Artists' Colony. She formed a particular friendship with another Bremen artist, Marie Stumpe. Stumpe lived more or less permanently at the "Dötlingen  Colony" while her husband, a businessman, generally stayed in Bremen during weekdays, spending weekends with Stumpe and her fellow artists. <mask> and Stumpe often explored the artistic possibilities of the area together, seeking out "landscape motifs" to sketch. In 1904, during one of her summer stays in Bavaria, <mask> became a member of the so-called Luitpold Group of artists which had been created a few years earlier by her mentor Fritz Baer to represent a younger generation of contemporary artists and strive to improve the quality of the artistic output being produced at that time. Later, between 1931 and 1937, <mask> was supporting herself as an artist based at Richard-Wagner-Straße 3 in Bremen.<mask> died in Munich on 15 December 1948. Artistic approach
<mask>'s work employs a bold and muscular technique. The use of colour and the appreciation of light and shading suggest an appreciation of John Constable's landscapes. Rudolf Alexander Schröder identified a level of audacity reminiscent of Constable's work (ein "Constable gemahnenden Kühnheit"). <mask>'s harbour paintings, in particular, show off her own very distinctive style, the sense of space frequently emphasized with an "empty" foreground which sometimes extends far into the heart of the picture, evoking associations with photography or with Japanese woodcut images. Some of these same influences can also be inferred in <mask>'s over-emphasizing of contours, using black outlines. Her graphic power is even more evident in her charcoal drawings.And there is a heightened tension created in the contrast between linear grids overlaying the motifs and the more impressionist "flood-lighting" effect with which it is combined. Other Elster paintings, such as "Der Sommertag" ("The Summer Day"), appear to owe more to Vincent van Gogh than to John Constable. Exhibitions
<mask> exhibited in the Munich "Glaspalast" as early as 1900. From 1904, as a member of the Luitpold Group, she participated almost every year in their exhibitions in cities such as Berlin, Munich, Düsseldorf, Hannover, Hamburg, and Bremerhaven. Her debut in Bremen came in 1922 thanks to the "North-West Germany Art Association" ("Nordwestdeutsche Künstlerbund"). Two years later her exhibits took a major part of city's spectacular Kunsthalle exhibition: almost all of the 22 Elster paintings on display found buyers. The last significant exhibition in which <mask>'s works featured while she was still alive took place in 1941 and was arranged to mark her eightieth birthday at the "Print Room" ("Graphische Kabinett") in Bremen, where her work had already been included in exhibitions on a number of earlier occasions.However, it would be more than another fifty years before a collection of her work would be presented in an exhibition. That rediscovery took place thanks to an exhibition organised in 1992 by the Overbeck Foundation. In 2011 her work was celebrated again in an extensive exhibition arranged by the Arts Foundation at Lilienthal (Bremen). Press
"They say Miss <mask> is an old lady. If that is true, how is it possible that so much ability remained undiscovered for so long?" The newspaper report that opened with this question reflects the warm reception that <mask>'s work received at the 1924 Kunsthalle exhibition. It was perhaps no more than a reflection of the attitudes common in those times that another enthusiastic critic, after commending her paintings for their "well judged line", the frugal and clever "economy of her handiwork" and a talent that bore comparison with a "thoroughly male artistry and balance".went on to compare her (favourably) only with three female artists: Paula Modersohn-Becker, Anna Plate and Clara Rilke-Westhoff. Legacy
Most of <mask>'s work, which includes various large format canvas print, is today in private hands, and not readily accessible to scholars or critics. But some of pictures have found their way into the Bremen Kunsthalle collection, the "Print Room" ("Graphische Kabinett") and the Focke Museum (both also in Bremen). Further afield the State Museum for Art and Cultural History in Oldenburg holds and normally has on display two characteristic Elster paintings: "Kutter im Hafen" and "Moorlandschaft (Schneeschmelze)" ("Cutters in harbour" and "Moorland landscape under melting snow"). These both demonstrate her talent. One commentator, enthusiastically commending both paintings, added that they were typical of her work both in terms of composition and of subject matter. He nevertheless thought it nothing short of astonishing that she had discovered the harbours as a recurring theme.At that time a woman of <mask>'s social background would not normally be expected to turn up unchaperoned with an easel in the Bremen harbour district. But <mask>'s interest in the many aspects of the maritime scene more than outweighed any conventional scruples. The various artistic testimonies that she created of her wanderings among the warehouses, sheds and cargo ship form a portfolio of swiftly completed and confidently contoured charcoal drawings that express <mask>'s artistic temperament with stark clarity. She commanded a formidable level of graphic craftsmanship which then found its way into her paintings when she returned to her studio, and added in her own unique impressionistic flavour. Notes

References

German landscape painters
Artists from Bremen
German women painters
1861 births
1948 deaths
19th-century German women artists
20th-century German women artists
20th-century German painters
20th-century male artists
19th-century German painters
19th-century male artists

masks:
Toni
Elster
Toni Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Toni Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster


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<mask> (born 26 March 1976) is an Andorran former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He began his club career as a youth player with Sant Julià before playing for several teams based in Andorra, including three spells with FC Andorra and three with Lusitanos. He also spent four years with FC Santa Coloma, helping the side win two Primera Divisió titles. He retired from playing at the age of 40 in January 2017 during his third spell with Lusitanos. He made his international debut for Andorra in 1997 during a defeat to Estonia and scored the goal in 2000 that secured the nation's first ever point in a competitive international fixture when they drew 1–1 with Malta. He went on to become his country's most capped international player until 2015 when his record was surpassed by Ildefons Lima and was the first Andorran player to reach 100 international caps. He finished his career with 106 caps and four goals for the Andorra national team, placing him second to Ildefons Lima in both categories.Between 2016 and 2017, he managed the Andorra under-17 side. Early life
<mask> was born on 26 March 1976 in Santa Coloma, Andorra. His parents were both Indian but had decided to emigrate from their home in Delhi in the 1970s with their first two sons before <mask> was born. After living in Paris, his father moved to Barcelona where he spent a year. However, he quickly looked to move on after believing the city was too suited to tourists and instead moved to Andorra, a small principality in the Pyrenees mountains, on the recommendation of other local Hindu merchants. After settling in the country, his wife and two sons moved to live with him and the family remained there once it gained independence in March 1993. <mask> was born soon after, being the only member of the family born outside India.Sonejee's first sporting participation was in winter sports, traditionally more popular in the mountainous region. However, in sixth grade, he played football for the first time and quickly took up the game. He speaks fluent Catalan and Hindi and can speak some English. Club career
Sonejee began his career as a youth player with his local side Sant Julià. His early performances for Andorra at youth level led to him being offered a trial with La Liga side Valencia after being spotted by one of the club's scouts. However, the trial was ultimately unsuccessful. He instead joined FC Andorra, an Andorran team that competes in the Spanish football league system.He featured eleven times for the club in the Segunda División B during the 1997–98 season as they suffered relegation. In 2008, Sonejee was approached over a potential move to his parents' homeland India, receiving offers from East Bengal and Churchill Brothers. He originally signed a deal with East Bengal but later decided to accept the offer from Goa-based Churchill Brothers as he believed the culture in the city was more European based and would be easier to acclimatise to and the club was closer to the home of his wife's parents. However, he later discovered that his original contract with East Bengal was still valid and both clubs claimed ownership. When Churchill attempted to register Sonejee, the All India Football Federation (AIFF) blocked the move as they had already received a registration request by East Bengal. The situation eventually led to Sonejee backing out of a move to India, having spent a month training with Churchill, and instead signing for Santa Coloma in his home nation. The most successful period of his career came during a four-year spell with FC Santa Coloma between 2008 and 2012 where he helped the side to win back-to-back Primera Divisió titles during the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons.He also won two Copa Constitució titles in 2009 and 2012. After returning to his first team Sant Julià in 2015, Sonejee undertook his coaching badges alongside his playing career, obtaining a UEFA A and B Licence. He returned to Lusitanos the following year after being convinced by coach Raul Canete to postpone his retirement for another season. However, in January 2017, he officially announced his retirement from playing at the age of 40.

International career

Sonejee began his career at the same time as Andorra declared independence and formed its own footballing governing body, the Andorran Football Federation (AFF) in 1994. As such, he was present in his nation's youth sides as they began competing in international matches. He made his international debut in 1997 in a 4–1 friendly loss to Estonia at the Kuressaare linnastaadion in Andorra's second international fixture following their independence. In his second game three days later, he scored his first goal, in a defeat by the same margin to Latvia at the Daugava Stadium in Riga.He captained the team for the first time on 12 October 2005 against Armenia, scoring an own goal in a 0–3 home defeat in 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification. Despite making his debut, Sonejee was still eligible to represent his parents' country India as he did not possess an Andorran passport at the time. He later admitted that, had he received a call up, he would have switched allegiance to India but stated "since I saw nobody was interested, I decided to continue playing for Andorra, and obtained that passport." In February 2000, he scored for Andorra, helping the side gain their first ever point in an international fixture by drawing 1–1 with Malta in the 2000 Rothmans International Tournament. On 28 March 2007, during a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier, he was involved in a spat with England striker Wayne Rooney, resulting with both players being booked and Rooney was substituted soon after by England manager Fabio Capello for fear of being sent off. Sonejee later accused Rooney of being arrogant and insulting him during the match. On 6 June 2015, Sonejee became the first Andorran to earn 100 caps, when he captained the side to a 1–0 friendly home defeat to Equatorial Guinea.Prior to kick-off, he was presented with an honorary cap and medal by Victor Santos, the president of the AFF. Sonejee retired from international football on 12 November 2015, with his final game for Andorra coming in a 1–0 friendly home defeat to Saint Kitts and Nevis; his national record of 106 caps was surpassed by Ildefons Lima in August 2017. At the time of his last cap, he was also Andorra's oldest ever international player at 39 years and 230 days. However, his record was surpassed in 2018 by Juli Sánchez. Managerial career
Sonejee managed the Andorra under-16 team at two UEFA youth tournaments, in Luxembourg in 2014 and Montenegro in 2015. He was appointed as manager of the Andorra under-17 side in January 2016, remaining in charge until October 2017. Personal life
Sonejee is of Indian heritage and works as an insurance salesman.His wife is also from India, hailing from Bandra, and the pair married in Jaipur. They have two children together. He is a fan of Bollywood cinema. Career statistics

International statistics

International goals
Scores and results list Andorra's goal tally first

Honours
FC Santa Coloma
 Primera Divisió winner: 2009–10, 2010–11
 Copa Constitució winner: 2009, 2012

FC Lusitanos
 Andorran Supercup winner: 2013–14

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

External links
RSSSF profile
Federació Andorrana de Futbol profile

1976 births
Living people
People from Andorra la Vella
Andorran people of Indian descent
Andorran footballers
UE Sant Julià players
Association football midfielders
Andorra international footballers
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
FC Andorra players
FIFA Century Club
FC Santa Coloma players
FC Lusitanos players
Primera Divisió players

masks:
Óscar Sonejee Masand
Sonejee
Sonejee
Sonejee


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<mask> (born January 22, 2002) is an American college basketball player for the Iowa Hawkeyes of the Big Ten Conference. She plays the point guard position. At Dowling Catholic High School in West Des Moines, Iowa, <mask> earned McDonald's All-American honors and was ranked among the top players in her class by ESPN. In her first season at Iowa, <mask> led the NCAA Division I in scoring, three-pointers and total assists. She was named a second-team All-American, won the Dawn Staley Award and shared national freshman of the year accolades. As a sophomore, she set the Big Ten single-season record for triple-doubles and the program single-game record for assists. <mask> has won three gold medals representing the United States at the youth international level.She was named Most Valuable Player of the 2021 FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup. Early life
<mask> is the daughter of <mask> and Anne Nizzi-<mask>. Her father played basketball and baseball at Simpson College. She has two brothers, Blake, who plays football for Iowa State, and Colin. She started playing basketball at age five. Her favorite basketball player growing up was Maya Moore and her favorite NBA player is Kevin Durant. High school career
<mask> was a four-year starter at West Des Moines Dowling High School under head coach Kristin Meyer.As a freshman in 2016–17, she started in all 24 games and averaged 15.3 points, 3.3 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 2.25 steals per game to help her team to a 19–5 record and the state quarterfinals. As a sophomore in 2017–18, <mask> averaged 27.1 points, 6.5 rebounds, 4.0 assists and 2.3 steals, while aiding her team to a 20–4 record and the state quarterfinals. During her junior year, <mask> averaged 32.5 points, seven rebounds, 3.5 assists, and 2.2 steals per game, and helped Dowling High School to a 17–8 record with an appearance in the Iowa Class 5A semifinals. She holds two state records, including the 5A record for most points in a game (60) and most 3-pointers made in a game (13). She received honors including the Iowa Miss Basketball and Gatorade State Player of the Year, as well as being named a McDonald's All-American. College career
On November 25, 2020, <mask> made her collegiate debut for Iowa, recording 27 points in a 96–81 win over Northern Iowa. She set the Iowa freshman record with 26.6 points per game, recorded the fourth-highest points per game in single season in Iowa history, and was the 2020-21 NCAA Division I scoring leader.During the season, <mask> was the only player to record 12 games of 30 points or more, the most by an NCAA Division I freshman since 2000. She led the nation in total assists (214), total points (799), points per game (26.6), field goals made (266), 3-pointers made (116), and ranked second in assists per game (7.1) and 3-pointers per game (3.87). Her total points scored (799) were the most ever by a freshman, and her single game high of 39 points is a school record. She recorded 214 assists, the most by a freshman in program history. She won five Big Ten Conference Player of the Week awards, more than any other player in the Big Ten. <mask> was named Big Ten Freshman of the Week a conference record 13 times. At the end of the regular season, she was named Big Ten Freshmen of the Year and unanimous First Team All-Big Ten and Big Ten All-Freshman Team selection.<mask> shared two major NCAA Division I freshman of the year awards with Paige Bueckers of UConn: the Tamika Catchings Award, presented by the United States Basketball Writers Association, and the WBCA Freshman of the Year award, presented by the Women's Basketball Coaches Association. During her sophomore season in 2021–22, she reached the 1,000-point mark in Iowa's first game of calendar 2022 and the 40th of her career, making her the fastest Big Ten women's player to reach that milestone. She is also only the second D-I women's player in the 21st century to reach that milestone in 40 or fewer career games, with the first being Elena Delle Donne (38 games with Delaware). <mask> has also recorded five triple-doubles so far in 2021–22, a feat previously accomplished in a single season by only four NCAA Division I women's players. On January 16 and 20, 2022, she recorded 30-point triple-doubles against Nebraska and Minnesota, making her the first D-I player of either sex to score 30 points in consecutive triple-doubles, and also the first Big Ten women's player with consecutive triple-doubles regardless of scoring total. <mask>'s feat of consecutive 30-point triple-doubles had also never been accomplished in the WNBA, and had only been accomplished by six NBA players in the 21st century. <mask> compiled 304 points, 77 rebounds, and 91 assists in January 2022, making her the only D-I player, male or female, with a 300–75–75 stat line for a calendar month in the past 20 years.After the regular season, she was named the Big Ten Player of the Year in separate votes by Big Ten coaches and media. National team career
<mask> represented the United States at the 2017 FIBA Under-16 Women's Americas Championship in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She came off the bench and averaged 8.8 points per game, helping her team achieve a 5–0 record and win the gold medal. <mask> played at the 2019 FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup in Bangkok, Thailand. In seven games, she averaged 5.3 points per game and won another gold medal, as her team finished with a 7–0 record. <mask> competed at the 2021 FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup in Debrecen, Hungary and led the United States to the gold medal. She averaged a team-high 14.3 points, 5.6 assists and 5.3 rebounds per game, was named Most Valuable Player and made the All-Tournament Team.See also
List of NCAA Division I women's basketball season scoring leaders
List of NCAA Division I basketball career triple-doubles leaders

Footnotes

References

External links
 Iowa Hawkeyes bio

Living people
2002 births
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Des Moines, Iowa
Shooting guards
Iowa Hawkeyes women's basketball players
McDonald's High School All-Americans

masks:
Caitlin Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Brent Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark


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<mask><mask> (born 1969) is a British literary novelist and journalist who is best known for his novel My Little Blue Dress (2001) and for his satirical magazine essays. After graduating from Harvard University in 1992, <mask> began his career reviewing books for The New York Times Book Review and The Washington Post Book World. In early 1996, he was appointed to an editorship at Spy magazine and within a few months he was promoted to editor-in-chief, a position he held until the magazine shut down in 1998. <mask> wrote My Little Blue Dress between 1999 and 2001. Since its publication, he has focused on writing satirical essays for magazines such as GEAR and Travel + Leisure; he also contributes a monthly humor column to Discover magazine called "Blinded by Science", drawing on his early exposure to science and technology. <mask> is likewise a contributing editor to the American edition of The Week magazine. Early years
<mask> was born in London in 1969 to former Nature editor, the late  Sir <mask>, a writer on science and nature, and <mask>, a biographer of Rosalind Franklin, W. B. Yeats, Nora Barnacle and several others.He has one sister, Bronwen <mask>, who became a journalist, was Chief Foreign Commentator of The Times and Editor of Prospect magazine and is now Director of the Institute for Government. <mask> enjoyed a privileged life during his childhood and youth, because of his father's position as editor of Nature, encountering some of the leading scientific thinkers of the day and enjoying dinners with figures such as James Watson and Sir Fred Hoyle. Despite his family's background in science, <mask> was interested in the humanities while he attended Westminster School, an independent boys' school in London. <mask> went on to study English literature at Harvard University and graduated in 1992. He published his only article in the student newspaper The Harvard Crimson during his senior year. He won the undergraduate Thomas Temple Hoopes Prize for his senior thesis "on the use of adjectives in restaurant menus" titled Maltese: A Gastrosophic Theory of Reading. After graduation <mask> moved from Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Moscow—where he worked for three weeks as the English-language editor of a Russian magazine—and then to New York City, where he spent two years working odd jobs, including hand-delivering celebrity invitations to local parties.<mask>'s freelance writing career began in 1994, when he became a book reviewer for The New York Times Book Review and The Washington Post, where he developed a reputation for writing scathing reviews that would later help him land a job as an editor at Spy magazine. <mask> described his book reviewing style as "pretty vicious", and quipped that he "was a frustrated, twenty-something guy, sitting in his bedroom venting existential rage on these nasty academics". His last book review for The Washington Post was in late 1996; however, he continued reviewing for The New York Times up until 1998, contributing only a couple of reviews thereafter. At the beginning of the dot-com boom, <mask> found full-time work at an information technology company, where he worked for a year and a half. Editorship of Spy magazine
In mid-1996, <mask> was hired as a senior editor at Spy magazine, a satirical monthly, in New York City. Spy had ceased publication in 1994 but was quickly resuscitated under new ownership by Sussex Publishers Inc., which reduced the magazine's frequency from ten to six issues a year. At Spy, <mask> was assisted by deputy editor Adam Lehner, a satirist.In December 1996, <mask> was promoted to editor-in-chief; his editorial team included Jared Paul Stern and, beginning in late 1997, future screenwriter William Monahan. <mask> wanted to turn Spy into a national magazine rather than build on its legacy of covering stories that centered on New York. According to <mask>, two factors motivated the shift of target market. The magazine's past objects of satire, the "cheesy villains who anointed themselves as targets" in the 1980s, were no longer on the national stage. Meanwhile, the "sins of the '90s [were] those of a private, quiet cultivation of a sense of purity", and were harder to expose or ridicule. In early 1998, Sussex Publishers increased Spy's frequency from six to nine issues a year in an effort to boost readership and ad pages. Spy'''s paid circulation continued to drop during <mask>'s tenure, and in March 1998, the magazine once again ceased publication.Sussex's President and CEO John Colman concluded that "[despite the] great work by <mask> and his team, there just wasn't the [advertiser and consumer] acceptance that we need to make it financially viable". <mask> conceded that "a satirical magazine in New York in the late Nineties really had no function", because "everyone was being very modest and coy". My Little Blue Dress

In 1999, <mask> sold the advance rights to his first novel, My Little Blue Dress, to a German publisher based on a five-page fax proposal he sent on the advice of his literary agent John Brockman. Within a week Brockman managed to sell the rights to the novel to publishers in an additional eight countries on the strength of the proposal alone. (<mask> had not yet written even an initial manuscript. )My Little Blue Dress was published in 2001 by Viking Press, a Penguin Group imprint. The novel begins as a memoir of a hundred-year-old woman, but several chapters later reveals itself to be a spoof of the genre.The protagonist is a fictional <mask> who is desperately attempting to create a forgery of an old woman's memoir in a single night. Several book reviewers avoided spoiling the novel's satire but others gave away its premise, reasoning that the publisher "reveal[s] all on the book jacket anyway". The novel's intrigue lies in the mysterious reason compelling the fictional <mask> to forge a memoir. Critics applauded My Little Blue Dress but also expressed some reservations. For example, Salon.com's Maria Russo cautioned that the novel "is one of those 'don't try this at home' literary experiments that could easily have turned into an unreadable, pretentious disaster", but concluded that <mask> "pulls it off with a kind of fearless pizzazz". The New York Times' Emily Barton conceded that "for all its blunders", <mask> delivers "a winsome and vastly entertaining novel". In an interview, <mask> praised Bret Easton Ellis's 1991 novel American Psycho, stating that he drew inspiration from protagonist Patrick Bateman's long-winded monologues about Phil Collins, restaurants, clothes, and how to remove blood from his carpets.In 2001, <mask> promoted his first novel on a joint book tour billed as the "Minor Novelists Tour" with his friend William Monahan, another former Spy editor, but it was interrupted by the 9/11 attacks. Monahan's Light House: A Trifle was also published by a Penguin imprint. Several years later, <mask> gave some indication that he was working on a film adaptation of My Little Blue Dress, but it is unknown whether <mask> completed the script. Recent essays
After the publication of My Little Blue Dress in 2001, <mask> was reportedly working on a second novel set in California, where "everyone's aspirational and deluded" and the "people are quite happy being waiters and dreaming of stardom". As of 2009, however, no manuscript has been forthcoming. Since 2001, <mask> has written numerous articles for popular magazines, such as the now-defunct GEAR. Published one year after the 11 September 2001 attacks, his essay "Before It Was Real" describes the callousness of the terrorists who flew into the World Trade Center through the experience of playing a flight simulator game.Another example of <mask>'s work is his 2003 profile of Karl Wenclas, leader of the Underground Literary Alliance, titled "The Angriest Book Club in America" and published in the fashion magazine BlackBook. Wenclas later derided <mask> for distorting the Underground Literary Alliance in his BlackBook essay and summed up the article as "riddled with falsehoods". In late 2003, <mask> began to contribute articles regularly to Travel + Leisure. His first article in the magazine was called "The Concorde, R.I.P. ", which chronicled his flight aboard the supersonic Concorde airplane before it was decommissioned; it was later included in The Best Travel Writing 2005, the second volume of the annual Travelers' Tales series. In 2004 <mask> began working as a contributing editor for the American edition of The Week magazine and as of 2007 continues to contribute weekly to the print issue, handling sections including "Main Stories", "Talking Points", and "Only in America". He also reviewed several books for The New York Post in 2004 and 2005.In 2006, <mask> began contributing a regular humor column called "Blinded by Science" to Discover magazine. His writing draws upon his childhood exposure to science; due to his father's career, his family was immersed in science and he was regularly exposed to scientists at social events. <mask>'s first year's columns earned him a nod as a finalist in the 2007 National Magazine Awards' "Columns and Commentary" category. <mask>'s Discover columns are occasionally criticized; his essay "Fictional Reality", in particular, has been controversial. <mask> declared science fiction obsolete in his essay "Fictional Reality" and was roundly criticized in the blogosphere, most notably by Scientific American's J.R. Minkel. <mask> wrote that "fiction—all fiction—finally became obsolete as a delivery system for big ideas" as a result of the "scarcity of foreseeable future", citing the decline of author Michael Crichton's work as evidence. Minkel lambasted <mask> and pointed to author Neal Stephenson's cutting-edge work as proof to the contrary, venturing that "science fiction writers can dictate the future if they have the vim and vision".One of <mask>'s most recent Discover essays, "The James Watson Affair", examines comments made by James Watson in an article in London's Sunday Times which led to Watson's suspension at the laboratory where he worked and his eventual retirement, and is skeptical of critics who found Watson's comment about black employees "not that big a deal" yet charged him with racism for his proposition on black African intelligence; in conclusion, <mask> derides the views held by several critics, stating that in comparison to Watson's statements, "the most ignorant and hurtful idea of all, of course, is that the entire topic of race and genes and intelligence is off-limits to all right-thinking, compassionate people, just on principle", which pejoratively assumes "that some races are innately and immutably much less intelligent than others". <mask>'s essay, although published in the March 2008 printed edition of Discover, has not been published online. Style
Satire is evident in much of <mask>'s work, from his years as editor-in-chief for Spy magazine to his numerous articles in Travel + Leisure, and his novel My Little Blue Dress. <mask>'s satirical tendencies extend to his interviews and publicity materials. In one interview he made the preposterous claim that he once "spent 2 days being a personal assistant to a mafia boss in New York". <mask>'s Penguin biography skewers his own career, claiming he "elevated [Spy] to within spitting distance of its former glory, then accidentally bankrupted it after two short years", which led The Harvard Crimson, his alma mater's student newspaper, to speculate that "<mask> himself had a hand in writing" it. <mask>'s popular science columns for Discover'' magazine impart his own personal views on science with a markedly humorous and skeptical bent.Selected bibliography
Novel

References and notes

1969 births
Living people
People educated at Westminster School, London
Harvard University alumni
21st-century English novelists
Critics employed by The New York Times
The Washington Post people
Writers from London
English expatriates in the United States
English people of Welsh descent
English people of American descent
English male novelists
21st-century English male writers

masks:
Bruno P
. Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
John Maddox
Brenda Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Bruno
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Bruno Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox
Maddox