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<mask> (sometimes spelled "Lawrence" or "Laurence") (1750 – November 11, 1810) was a delegate to the 6th, 7th and 8th Congresses of the Confederation, a United States Representative and United States Senator from New York and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New York. Laurance briefly served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate in December 1798. Education and career
Born in 1750, near Falmouth, Cornwall, England, <mask> immigrated to the Province of New York, British America in 1767 and settled in New York City. He pursued academic studies, then read law in 1772, with Cadwallader Colden, the Lieutenant Governor of New York. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in New York City, Province of New York (State of New York, United States from July 4, 1776) from 1772 to 1776. In 1775, <mask> married Elizabeth McDougall, the daughter of General Alexander McDougall. Military service
Laurance served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War as a commissioned officer from 1775 to 1782.At the outbreak of war in 1775, he was appointed a second lieutenant in the 4th New York Regiment, and took part in the 1775 Invasion of Quebec. In 1776, he received a commission as captain and paymaster of the Continental Army's 1st New York Regiment, serving under his father-in-law Alexander McDougall (sometimes spelled MacDougall). He was Judge Advocate General from 1777 to 1782. Among the cases he handled were prosecuting at the court-martial of Charles Lee for insubordination in 1778, and the 1779 court-martial of Benedict Arnold for corruption. He also presided at the trial of Major <mask>, serving on the 1780 board that convicted the major of spying and sentenced him to death by hanging, and was the board's recorder. <mask> attained the rank of colonel and resigned his commission in 1782. He was a charter member of the Society of the Cincinnati.Post-war career
He resumed private practice in New York City from 1782 to 1785. Among <mask>'s legal apprentices was Charles Adams, son of President <mask>. He was also active in land speculation and other business ventures with Alexander Hamilton. He was a member of the New York State Assembly, serving from 1782 to 1783 from Westchester County, and from New York County from 1784 to 1785. He was a regent of the University of the State of New York in 1784. He was a trustee of Columbia College (now Columbia University) from 1784 to 1810. He was a delegate to the 6th, 7th and 8th Congresses of the Confederation (Continental Congresses) from 1785 to 1787.He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1788 to 1790. While serving in the State Senate, <mask> was also a member of New York City's Board of Aldermen. He was an ardent supporter of adopting the United States Constitution. United States Representative
<mask> was elected as a Federalist from New York's 2nd congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 1st and 2nd United States Congresses, serving from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1793. During this time, in 1790, his first wife Elizabeth (McDougall) <mask> died, and in 1791 he married Elizabeth Lawrence Allen (d. 1800), the widow of attorney James Allen, and mother of four children. Federal judicial service
<mask> was nominated by President George Washington on May 5, 1794, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New York vacated by Judge James Duane. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 6, 1794, and received his commission the same day.His service terminated on November 8, 1796, due to his resignation, after his election as United States Senator from New York. United States Senator
<mask> was elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate from New York to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Senator Rufus King and served from November 9, 1796, until August 1800, when he resigned. He served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate during the 5th United States Congress. Later career and death
Following his departure from Congress, <mask> resumed private practice in New York City from 1800 to 1810, also residing there until his death. He died on November 11, 1810, in New York City. He was interred at the First Presbyterian Church in Manhattan. Legacy
After more than two centuries of neglect by historians, the first book-length study of <mask> was published by the American Philosophical Society in 2019.

masks:
John Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
John André
Laurance
Laurance
John Adams
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
John Laurance


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<mask> (born 12 March 1945) is a Swedish criminologist and novelist. <mask> has four children, one of whom, <mask>, is also a crime writer. Early life
<mask> was born on 12 March 1945 in Stockholm, Sweden to <mask> and <mask>. He attended the High School Norra Real. Career
In 1977, while working at the Swedish National Police Board, <mask> was the whistleblower who worked with journalist Peter Bratt in the so-called Geijer Scandal when he confirmed a classified memo sent by then National Police Commissioner <mask> to Prime Minister Olof Palme about the alleged ties of the Minister of Justice, <mask>, to a prostitution ring in Stockholm. Following this affair he was fired from the National Police Board. The string of events almost drove <mask> to suicide, but he soon returned as lecturer at Stockholm University.The prostitution ring affair inspired him to write his first novel, Grisfesten. He returned to the National Police Board as a professor in 1992. <mask> was a professor in criminology at the Swedish National Police Board from 1992 to 2012. He is well known in Sweden for his crime fiction novels and for his regular appearances as an expert commentator on notable crime cases on television and in newspapers. Between 1999 and 2009, he participated as an expert commentator on the TV3 television show Efterlyst, which is primarily about wanted Swedish criminals. Between 2010 and 2018, he participated in the SVT television show Veckans Brott with Camilla Kvartoft, which is primarily about unsolved Swedish criminal cases both recent and cold. Media stardom and personality

By the 1990s, <mask> <mask> <mask> had emerged as one of Sweden's most acclaimed media personalities, and his popularity continued to grow through the 2000s.Often referred to simply as "GW", he frequently appears on television, radio, and in other media as a commentator on crime and criminology. Among other things, he is a noted expert on the unsolved 1986 assassination of Swedish prime minister Olof Palme, and has been harshly critical of police and prosecutors. He also holds forth on other issues, including politics, literature, and wine, etc, and is well known for his great interest in hunting. He takes an irreverent attitude to authorities, regularly dismissing officials as incompetent or lazy. <mask>'s disheveled appearance, biting wit, and characteristic manner of speech, replete with mumbling and grunting, has made him a cult figure often lovingly parodied in the media. His extraordinary media stardom has in recent years been the theme of several journalistic investigations; at one point, Swedish public radio asked "How much <mask> <mask> <mask> can Sweden handle?". A self-described bacchanalian and an alcoholic, <mask> has famously coped with his addiction by practicing a strict half-year regime since the late 1980s: denying himself alcohol (and other drugs) for six months, and then drinking heavily during the rest of the year.In 2018, at age 73, he announced that his failing health would prevent him from fully resuming alcohol use, lamenting that he would henceforth be "unrecognizable" for an entire year instead of the usual six sober months. <mask>, who is overweight and has at times been very obese, has also struggled with his food intake. In the early 2000s, he was forced to abandon a habit of "food orgies" – regular bouts of extremely lavish, high-end gourmet dining and drinking – with his friend, the media mogul Jan Stenbeck, after his physician warned that his heart could not take another year of it. According to <mask>, it was Stenbeck's refusal to cut back on the gourmandizing that led to his death in 2002. Bibliography
 <mask>en (1978; The Pig Party)
 Profitörerna (1979; The Profiteers)
 Hidden criminality : theoretical and methodological problems, empirical results (1980)
 Min kompetens (1981; My Competence)
 Samhällsbärarna (1982; The Pillars of Society)
 Mellan sommarens längtan och vinterns köld (2002 - first volume in a trilogy which deals with Sweden in the cold war era, which has as a common element, events related to the yet unsolved 1986 murder of Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme; Between Summer's Longing and Winter's End, UK 2010, trans. Paul Norlen). En annan tid, ett annat liv (2003 - second volume in the trilogy; Another Time, Another Life, UK 2012, trans.Paul Norlen)
 Linda - som i Lindamordet (2005 - Evert Bäckström book 1; Linda - as in the Linda Murder, UK 2013, trans. Neil Smith)
 Faller fritt som i en dröm (2007 - third volume in a trilogy; Falling Freely, as if in a Dream, UK 2014, trans. Paul Norlen)
 Den som dödar draken (2008 - Evert Bäckström book 2; He Who Kills the Dragon, UK 2013, trans. Neil Smith)
 Den döende detektiven (2010; The Dying Detective)
 Gustavs Grabb' (2011 - autobiography)
 Den sanna historien om Pinocchios näsa (2013 - Evert Bäckström book 3; The Sword of Justice) Bombmakaren och hans kvinna (2015)

Evert Bäckström novels
So far, three of <mask>'s novels feature homicide detective Evert Bäckström. Bäckström is one of the most successful investigators within the police force; he displays excellent deductive skills. Bäckström appeared as a supporting character in the TV mini-series En pilgrims död and Den fjärde mannen. (The main characters in these series were Jarnebring and Johansson.)In both of these series, Bäckström was played by Claes Malmberg. An American TV Series was made in 2015 entitled Backstrom. The show takes place in Portland, Oregon, USA instead of Sweden, and the character's first name is changed to Everett. However the character's actual personality remains more or less unchanged. Backstrom was played by Rainn <mask>. The show was cancelled after one season. A Swedish TV series of six episodes aired in 2020, with Kjell Bergqvist as Bäckström.Jarnebring and Johansson
Several of <mask>'s novels feature police officers Bo Jarnebring and Lars Martin Johansson, partners and best friends. In the film Mannen från Mallorca (adapted from the novel Grisfesten) Jarnebring is played by <mask>, and Johansson by Tomas von Brömssen. Two TV mini-series featuring the characters were produced starring Rolf Lassgård as Johansson and Per Svensson as Jarnebring: En pilgrims död (2013) and Den fjärde mannen (2014-15). (These two series also featured <mask>'s other character Evert Bäckström.) Anna Holt
Created by <mask>, police detective Anna Holt has appeared in both <mask>'s novels, and in novels by fellow author <mask>. Holt has also appeared in several television adaptations starring Petra Nielsen. Notable adaptations
 Profitörerna (TV series, 1983)
 Mannen från Mallorca (The Man from Majorca, film, 1984)
 I lagens namn (In the Name of the Law, film, 1986)
 En pilgrims död (Death of a Pilgrim, TV mini-series, 2013)
 Den fjärde mannen (The Fourth Man, TV mini-series, 2014–15)
 Backstrom, (US TV series, 2015)

Awards
<mask> won the Best Swedish Crime Novel Award (Bästa svenska kriminalroman), for three of his novels: Samhällsbärarna in 1982, En annan tid, ett annat liv in 2003, and Den döende detektiven in 2010.This award is a literary prize awarded annually by the Swedish Crime Writers' Academy. He also received the 2011 Glass Key award for Den döende detektiven (The Dying Detective); this award is a given annually to a crime novel by an author from the Nordic countries and the 2011 Palle Rosenkrantz Prize, which is awarded by the Det danske Kriminalakademi'' for the best criminal literature translated into Danish. References

External links

<mask> G. W<mask>'s blog
The Salomonsson Agency

1945 births
Living people
Writers from Stockholm
Swedish criminologists
Swedish crime fiction writers
Swedish whistleblowers
Swedish social democrats

masks:
Leif Gustav Willy Persson
Persson
Malin Persson Giolito
Leif Gustav Willy Persson
Gustav
Margit Persson
Persson
Carl Persson
Lennart Geijer
Persson
Persson
Leif
GW
Persson
Persson
Leif
GW
Persson
Persson
Persson
Persson
Gfest
Persson
Wilson
Persson
Sven Wollter
Persson
Persson
Persson
Jan Guillou
Persson
Leif
. Persson


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Gatianus (Catianus, Gatianus, Gratianus; ) in the third century AD was the founding bishop of the see of Tours. He was one of the "seven apostles of Gaul" commissioned by Pope Fabian to evangelize in the region. Life
According to Christian historians, during the consulship of the Emperor Decius and Vettius Gratus (250 AD), Pope Fabian sent out seven bishops from Rome to Gaul to preach the Gospel: <mask> to Tours, Trophimus to Arles, Paul to Narbonne, Saturnin to Toulouse, Denis to Paris, Austromoine to Clermont, and Martial to Limoges. A community of Christians had already existed for many years in Lyon, where Irenaeus had been bishop. As with other founders of the seven Catholic churches of Gaul, especially Martial, Gatianus became confounded in later Christian mythology with the "seventy-two disciples of Christ", alleged to have been sent into Gaul during the first century, by Saint Peter himself. Other details of his biography, while not as easily disprovable, are also largely legendary. Gregory of Tours, writing in the 6th century, is a more dependable source for the few biographical details concerning his predecessor.According to the Catholic historian Mons. Louis Duchesne (Christian Worship: Its Origin and Evolution), the traditions preserved at Tours furnished Gregory with only the name of <mask> and perhaps the 50-year extent of his episcopacy; it was by comparison with a brief early biography of Saturninus of Toulouse (Passio S. Saturnini) that Gregory arrived at the date 250 for the beginning of Gatianus' ministry at Tours (History of the Franks, 1.30). There were few Christians in Tours at that time, and in one of the troubled years of his Episcopate he is said for a time to have lain concealed in a cave on the banks of the Loire, at a spot where later rose the great Abbey of Marmoutier, and Gregory states that Gratianus would go into the city only when opportunities of preaching presented themselves. He devoted half a century to evangelization, amid innumerable difficulties, and at his death the diocese of Tours was securely established. In a part of the Empire where Mithraism was a dominating force among the legions, the Abbé Jaud reports that Gatianus likewise retreated into a grotto and there celebrated a mystical banquet (célébrait les saints mystères), but that of Christianity. Gatianus was often portrayed officiating at a ceremony in a cavern-like setting. Two grottos cut into the limestone hill above the river Loire, across from Tours at the largely demolished Marmoutier Abbey, are designated the first sites where Gatianus celebrated the liturgy.Anglophile Henry James, elite and skeptical, toured the grottos of Gatianus:
The abbey of Marmoutier, which sprung from the grottos in the cliff to which Saint Gatianus and Saint Martin retired to pray, was therefore the creation of the latter worthy. ...The cliff is still there, and a winding staircase, in the latest taste, enables you conveniently to explore its recesses. These sacred niches are scooped out of the rock, and will give you an impression if you cannot do without one. ...They have been dealt with as the Catholic church deals with most of such places today; polished and furnished up; labelled and ticketed; edited, with notes, in short, like an old book. The process is a mistake. The early editions had more sanctity ... but there was nevertheless a great sweetness in the scene. The afternoon was lovely, and it was flushing to a close.The large garden stretched beneath us, blooming with fruit and wine and succulent vegetables, and beyond it flowed the shining river. The air was still, the shadows were long, and the place, after all, was full of memories, most of which might pass for virtuous. Gatianus established a hospice for the poor outside the walls of Tours. There he lay, overcome with weariness, after five decades of fasting, penances and toil. And there, the abbé Jaud relates, the Saviour appeared to him, saying, "Fear not! Thy crown is readied and the Saints await thy arrival in Heaven." Veneration
After Gatianus' death, during renewed persecution of Christians, the see of Tours remained unoccupied for 36 years.The Christians were dispersed and any direct connection with the historical Gatianus was irretrievably broken. Gregory records the second bishop as Lidorius, traditionally credited with building the predecessor of the present cathedral in Tours, and states that he was bishop for 33 years until about the time Saint Martin arrived in Tours in 371 AD. However, Martin found few Christians in this city; local lore nevertheless kept the legend of Gatianus alive. Martin found <mask>' burial site, and always venerated his predecessor. With the rise in importance of Paris, Gatianus came to be seen more and more as a disciple of Saint Denis, and is so described at many modern Catholic websites. Tours became a major pilgrimage site, focused on the tomb of Saint Martin of Tours. The cathedral, originally consecrated to Saint Maurice, was reconsecrated to Saint <mask> at its 13th century rebuilding.His relics were destroyed in 1793, during the French Revolution. Petty ambitions and little tragedies of mid-19th century provincial life, centered on the cathedral, are portrayed in Honoré de Balzac's Le Curé de Tours ("The curate of Tours"). Saint Gatianus' day is observed on 18 December. Saint-Gatien-des-Bois is a commune in Lower Normandy (Calvados), France. Saint-Gatien has a familiar ring in French, and the golf course and the airport at Deauville, schools, and other institutions bear his name. See also
 Bishop of Tours
 <mask> of Tours, patron saint archive

Notes

External links
 Abbé L. Jaud, Vie des Saints pour tous les jours de l'année, Tours, 1950. (French)
 Henry James, A Little Tour in France, chapter III
  San Graziano (Gaziano) di Tours

3rd-century births
3rd-century bishops in Gaul
Bishops of Tours
3rd-century Christian saints
Gatianus (Gatien) of Tours
Year of death unknown

masks:
Gatianus
Gatianus
Gatianus
Gatianus
Saint Gatianus


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<mask> (born 1978) is an American speaker, entertainer, author, impressionist, and corporate events headliner known for his "clean," "family friendly" comedy and inspiring leadership messaging on his book, The Promise To The One. Personal life
<mask> was born in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1978 to John and <mask>. <mask>’s mother, formerly Marsha Redford, is a cousin of actor Robert Redford. He is married to <mask> and has 4 children. <mask>’s Great Grandfather, <mask>, was President of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir from 1938–1962, during which time the choir won a Grammy in 1959 for its recording of “The Battle Hymn of The Republic” in the vocal group/chorus category, of which <mask>’s Great-Grandmother, <mask> was a choir member. <mask> began his professional career after his post-high school service as a Mormon missionary in the Florianopolis, Brazil Mission ended in 1999. One of his early gigs was as a half-time entertainer for University of Utah & Brigham Young University basketball games.In 2001, he began working with the Las Vegas based Legends in Concert as both a Ricky Martin and Elton John impersonator. In 2002, he left Legends and worked professionally, and became a corporate events headliner. Devin Thorpe of Forbes said: "He’s become one of the most sought after corporate entertainers in the business because his fall-off-your-chair funny material is absolutely safe for work." In 2004, <mask> was courted by multiple casinos in Las Vegas to manage and create his one-man show. Based upon creative differences and demands that he change his act from family appropriate to be more adult, he turned all offers away and continued performing at corporate events and speaking to youth in school assemblies. In 2011, <mask> announced his retirement from public events and solely performs and speaks for corporate and youth events, only occasionally allowing his draw to be used for charitable causes and fundraisers, although performing privately for numerous charities on a regular basis. In 2014, <mask> performed his one-man show for the National Speakers Association Foundation Event.The same year he was invited to perform a US Military Tour throughout the Middle East and Southwest Asia on US Military stations and bases in Kuwait, Bahrain, Djibouti, Addis-Ababa, and Afghanistan during wartime for Armed Forces Entertainment along with other Latter Day Saints Artists including David Archuleta, Dan Clark, and Dean Kaelin. In 2016, <mask> was invited by the National Speakers Association to be the Keynote Speaker for the national Influence conference for his peers. At this same event, he was inducted into the Speaker Hall of Fame as one of the youngest recipients to be named a CPAE (Council of Peers Award of Excellence). Acting
In 1997 <mask> played the lead role in "Crayoluv", a short film by director Tucker Dansie. Religious
<mask> is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, also referred to as Mormons. He references his religion in his speaking and performing as a comedy routine in order to make everyone feel connected rather than segregated. Author
His book, Signature Moves: How To Stand Out in a Sit Down World was published in 2014 by Peak Bagger Publishing.<mask>’s latest book, The Promise To The One was published by Sound Wisdom. The eBook launched May 13, 2020 as the #1 Hot Release in the category of Spiritual Self-Help on Amazon. Paperback and Audiobook launched on August 7, 2020. Musician
His original music and album, “Good To Me”, is featured on iTunes and his popular song, “My 8-ft. Tall Doll (The Chewbacca Song)” is known among youth audiences. Controversy and viral post
On December 1, 2015 <mask>’s Facebook post about seeing his wife at retail store Target became a viral internet post the world over, as it got headlined in news outlets and media as, “Man Cheats on Wife - Breaks The Internet". Within 24 hours of posting, it was featured on the Today Show web site, within 48 hours it had been highlighted as the top story on BusinessInsider, GoogleAds, Yahoo!, and in People magazine.Within 72 hours the <mask> couple’s story was appearing on news outlets from Italy to Singapore and Australia, among others, as well as the family received multiple Reality TV Show offers from Hollywood producers (all of which were turned away), and <mask>’s name was trending higher than Kim Kardashian as the top trending name in the world. As favorable as the attention was at first, <mask> was also accused of creating “click-bait” with his post, and received multiple negative reviews of his writing, specifically from Cosmopolitan, The TV show The View, and multiple popular bloggers. His post was shared by celebrities such as George Takei, Zooey Deschanel, and boxer Manny Pacquiao. The original post on his Facebook Page has reached over 35 million views and more than 238,000 shares and on his personal profile over 82,000 shares. Awards and recognition
Best Specialty Act or Variety Performance in the Arts & Entertainment Category, Best of State Awards - Utah (2010). Best Individual Vocalist in the Arts & Entertainment Category, Best of State Awards - Utah (2013). Certified Speaking Profession (CSP) designation by the National Speakers Association (less than 5% of speakers receive) (2014).Outstanding Eagle Scout Award from the National Eagle Scout Association (only 1250 have been awarded since its introduction in 2011 through 2015). The STAR Award from the SCERA Center for the Arts in Orem, Utah (lifetime achievement award - 2016). Speaker Hall of Fame aka CPAE (Council of Peers Award for Excellence) induction from the National Speakers Association (less than 1% of speakers) (2016). References

External links
 Official website
 <mask> as the Keynote Speaker at LifeVantage

American male film actors
American impressionists (entertainers)
Living people
American male writers
1978 births
21st-century American comedians

masks:
Jason Hewlett
Jason Hewlett
Marsha Hewlett
Hewlett
Tami Spenst Hewlett
Hewlett
Lester Franklin Hewlett
Hewlett
Margaret Stewart Hewlett
Career Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Jason Hewlett


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<mask> (, , born 20 July 1980) is a Brazilian fashion model. Since 2001, she has been one of the highest-paid models in the world. In 2007, <mask> was the 16th richest woman in the entertainment industry and earned the top spot on Forbes top-earning models list in 2012. In 2014, she was listed as the 89th Most Powerful Woman in the World by Forbes. Vogue credited <mask> with ending the heroin chic era of modelling in 1999. <mask> was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 1999 until 2006. She is credited with pioneering and popularizing the horse walk, a stomping movement created by a model lifting her knees high and kicking her feet to step.In 2007, Claudia Schiffer called <mask> the only remaining supermodel. <mask> has appeared on more than 1,200 magazine covers. <mask> was nominated for Choice Movie Female Breakout Star and for Choice Movie Villain at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards for her supporting role in Taxi (2004). She had a supporting role in The Devil Wears Prada (2006) and was the executive producer of an educational environmental cartoon, Gisele & the Green Team, in 2010 to 2011. In 2016, she appeared in the Emmy award-winning documentary series Years of Living Dangerously, in the episode "Fueling the Fire". <mask>'s charitable endeavors include Save the Children, Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders. She has been a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Program since 2009.Family and early life
Born in Horizontina, Rio Grande do Sul, <mask> is a sixth-generation German Brazilian, born to Vânia (née Nonnenmacher), a bank clerk pensioner, and Valdir Bündchen, a sociologist and writer. Her grandfather, Walter Bündchen, once served as mayor of Horizontina. She grew up with five sisters, Raquel, Graziela, Gabriela, Rafaela and her fraternal twin, Patrícia. The family was Roman Catholic. Although her parents speak German and Bündchen learned German in school, she no longer speaks the language. Bündchen speaks Portuguese, English, Italian, Spanish and French. Bündchen aspired to be a volleyball player, but in 1993 her mother enrolled her and sisters Patrícia and Gabriela in a modelling course to teach them confidence and better posture.After the course ended, the girls were rewarded by a trip to Curitiba, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, where she was discovered by Elite Model Management at a shopping mall. <mask> was placed second in a national contest, Elite Model Look, that was then known as Look of the Year. In 1995, <mask> moved to São Paulo to launch her modelling career. She debuted at New York Fashion Week in 1996. Career

1997–2000: Career beginnings
In 1997, <mask> was rejected 42 times in London before being cast in an Alexander McQueen runway show in 1998. In 1998, <mask> posed for Missoni, Chloé, Dolce & Gabbana, Valentino, Gianfranco Ferré, Ralph Lauren, and Versace campaigns. She appeared on the cover of Vogue Paris, her first cover of British Vogue, and i-D, which featured her on its cover, profiling "A Girl Called Gisele".Dissatisfied with Elite Model Management's work environment, Bündchen signed with IMG Models in 1999. <mask>'s first U.S Vogue cover, where Vogue announced Bündchen was "the return of the sexy model", was the first of three Vogue covers for her in 1999. In November she appeared in a group Vogue cover with Kate Moss, Amber Valletta, Christy Turlington, Iman, Lauren Hutton, Naomi Campbell, Stephanie Seymour, Claudia Schiffer, Lisa Taylor, Paulina Porizkova, Carolyn Murphy, and Patti Hansen, and appeared in a solo U.S. Vogue cover in December. Bündchen won the VH1/Vogue Model of the Year in 1999. After Bündchen appeared in five major campaigns at age 18, New York magazine editor Sally Singer deemed her an "über" model. She became the fourth model to appear on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine when she was named "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" in 2000. In 2000, Vogues online encyclopedia of models called Bündchen the world's hottest model and called Bündchen "the Brazilian bombshell".2000–2009: Modelling breakthrough, international success, and acting debut

In 2000, <mask> appeared on 37 international Vogue covers, including three in the American edition. In January 2000, <mask> was featured on the covers of the U.S. and British editions of Vogue. For spring 2000 fashion week, she opened shows for Marc Jacobs, Michael Kors, Dolce & Gabbana, Christian Dior, and Valentino in New York, Milan and Paris. From 1998 to 2003, <mask> was in 11 consecutive Dolce & Gabbana fashion campaigns. From 2006 to 2009 she became the face of Dolce & Gabbana's fragrance "The One". <mask> retired from the runway after signing a five-year contract with Victoria's Secret. In 2000, Bündchen wore Victoria's Secret's Red Hot Fantasy Bra worth $15 million and listed in Guinness World Records as the most expensive lingerie ever created.Bündchen modeled the Sexy Splendor Fantasy Bra in 2005, the second-most expensive bra valued at $12.5 million. In 2004, she appeared on a group U.S. Vogue cover, with Daria Werbowy, Natalia Vodianova, Isabeli Fontana, Karolina Kurkova, Liya Kebede, Hana Soukupova, Gemma Ward, and Karen Elson. Bündchen appeared on the covers of W, Allure, GQ, Forbes, Marie Claire, TIME, Vanity Fair, Esquire, and in the Pirelli Calendar. Bündchen co-starred with Queen Latifah and Jimmy Fallon in the 2004 remake of Taxi, and Bündchen played Serena in The Devil Wears Prada in 2006. In 2007, Mario Testino photographed Bündchen for the cover of Vanity Fairs style issue. In 2008, she appeared on the controversial cover of Vogue with NBA player LeBron James. The cover was criticized for perpetuating racial stereotypes after James bared his teeth in a gorilla-type pose.Forbes listed <mask> as No. 53 on their 2007 list of the most powerful celebrities. In 2010, <mask>'s flip-flop line for Ipanema sold more than 250 pairs for an estimated $197 million. In May 2007, <mask> ended her contract with Victoria's Secret. In her memoir, "Lessons: My Path to a Meaningful Life," <mask> said she left Victoria's Secret because she was uncomfortable being photographed in lingerie. In August 2008, the New York Daily News named <mask> as the one of the most powerful people in the fashion world. 2009–2011: Continued success
The Independent referred to Bündchen the biggest star in fashion history in May 2009.In April 2010, <mask> appeared on the cover of American Vogue for the 11th time. <mask> closed Balenciaga's 2010 show in a surprise appearance. In 2011, CEOWorld Magazine ranked <mask> among their Top Accomplished Women Entertainers. She was ranked No. 95 in FHM magazine's 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2011. In 2007, <mask> was named by Forbes as the World's Richest Supermodel. On April 11, 2008, a black-and-white photo of Bündchen shot by Irving Penn was auctioned for $193,000.By 2010, <mask> had appeared on two Vogue Shape issue covers, more than any other celebrity or model. She ranked No. 45 in the 2011 FHM Australia list of 100 Sexiest Women in the World. In 2011, Men's Health named <mask> as No. 25 of the 100 Hottest Women of All Time. <mask> closed the 2011 Givenchy spring-summer fashion show in a surprise appearance during Paris Fashion Week. That year, <mask> launched eco-friendly Sejaa Pure Skincare, a skin care product line using all-natural ingredients.She appeared on eight Vogue covers in 2011, more than any other model or celebrity that year. Her July Vogue Brasil 2011 cover that was shot in the Amazon sold 70,743 copies, making it the magazine's highest-selling issue. In early 2011, Procter & Gamble's Pantene shampoo sales increased 40 percent in Latin America after <mask> started representing the product. 2012–present: Modelling campaigns and music endeavors
In spring 2012, <mask> was featured in three spring campaigns, Versace, Givenchy, and Salvatore Ferragamo. She became the face of Banco do Brasil's first global ad campaign in 2012. In April 2012, Time listed <mask> on its All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons list, which highlighted the most influential fashion icons since 1923. Vogue included <mask> in its spotlight of the 10 women who had most appeared on its covers to honor the magazine's 120th anniversary in August 2012.<mask> made 5,600 appearances in commercials in Brazil in 2012. She replaced Kate Moss as the face of David Yurman in August 2012. She was photographed by Peter Lindbergh for the fall 2012 campaign. By 2012, Bündchen had appeared on 120 Vogue covers. She holds the record for appearing on the most Vogue Brasil covers. In February 2013, <mask> became the face of Chanel's make-up line, Les Beiges. The campaign was photographed by Mario Testino.For Louis Vuitton's spring/summer 2014 campaign, Marc Jacobs chose <mask>, Catherine Deneuve, Sofia Coppola, Fan Bingbing, Caroline de Maigret and Edie Campbell as his muses. In December 2013, <mask> became Pantene's ambassador, a deal worth $4 million per year. Bündchen released a cover of the Kinks "All Day and All of the Night" as a contribution to H&M's 2013 charity campaign. She contributed to H&M's 2014 charity campaign by teaming with French music producer and DJ Bob Sinclar to record a cover of Blondie's 1979 classic "Heart of Glass", on which she was credited as Gisele. The single charted in France, Germany, Spain, Austria and Belgium. In May 2014, Bündchen was chosen as the spokeswoman for Chanel No. 5.Within the first quarter of 2014, <mask> appeared on 17 international editions of Elle, including the Brazilian, German, Italian, Canadian, Japanese and Chinese editions. Under Armour signed <mask> to a multiyear deal in September 2014. In 2014 and 2015, <mask> appeared in more television commercial spots than any other Brazilian celebrity in the course of one year in Brazil. <mask> was featured in the 2015 Guinness World Record book as the model who earned the most money from June 2014 to June 2015. <mask>'s $700 Taschen book released in celebration of her 20th year career sold out in one day. By 2015, <mask> appeared in more than 550 ad campaigns, 2000 magazine covers, 3500 magazine editorials and 800 fashion shows. <mask> appeared at the Maracanã Stadium at the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro on 5 August 2016.Forbes ranked <mask> No. 61 on its Most Powerful Celebrities list in 2012. Forbes ranked her fourth on the World's Most Powerful Latino Celebrity list in May 2012. In 2013, she ranked No. 5 on the Forbes 10 Most Powerful Businesswomen in Brazil. In 2013, <mask>'s Ipanema sandals sold about 25 million pairs annually and accounted for more than 60 percent of shoe manufacturer Grendene's annual exports of about $250 million. In 2014, <mask> signed a contract with Under Armour, which is reportedly on par with the endorsement compensations of professional athletes and exceeds her former Victoria's Secret contract.In 2016, Under Armour's CEO Kevin Plank said sales for the company's women's brand had increased because of its association with <mask>. In 2018, <mask> released her book called Lessons: My Path to a Meaningful Life, which was a New York Times bestseller and was the best selling book for over six months in the non-fiction category in Brazil. The proceeds from her book went to support social and environmental causes. In February 2021, it was reported that <mask> was leaving IMG Models after 22 years and that her twin sister, Patricia would be taking over as her manager. Public image
In September 2000, Newsweek reported on a survey conducted by Brazilian magazine Capricho, where 86 percent of Brazilian teenagers said they wanted to become fashion models. Capricho attributed the interest in modelling to <mask>. By 2014, <mask> was listed by Forbes as the 89th most powerful woman in the world.Forbes Brasil listed <mask> as the No. 2 biggest Brazilian celebrity of 2015 based on media presence and influence in Brazil. In a 2006 Elle survey, more than 50 percent of American stylists asked gave <mask> the title of the best hair in Hollywood. A February 2008 survey of more than 20,000 plastic surgeons in 84 countries revealed <mask> was the celebrity most mentioned for patients having work done on their abdomens and hair, and the second-most mentioned celebrity in the breasts category. <mask> was second on Vanity Fairs World's Most Beautiful poll in 2009. In January 2011, <mask>'s was the most desired female body on the 14th Annual Famed Hottest Looks survey. In 2011, <mask> was one of three women to make AskMen.com's annual "Most Desirable Women" list every year for 10 consecutive years.<mask> is ranked No. 4 on Forbes Brasils list of the 100 most influential Brazilian celebrities. In May 2014, <mask> was ranked No. 89 on Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women in the world, the only model on the list. In November 2014, Forbes Brasil ranked <mask> fifth of the 25 biggest celebrities in Brazil, moving her up to second in 2015. Vogue Italia called <mask> the "King Midas of fashion" in February 2012, saying companies that invest in her reap the awards of her representation. An Esprit public awareness campaign featuring <mask> helped raise consumer awareness 9 percent in Germany and 19 percent in China.In 2016, <mask> participated in The Beginning of Life, a documentary about "the crucial role that the early years of children’s lives play in determining their futures successes". Philanthropy
Since the 2000s, <mask>'s main focus has been social and environmental causes. She

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 has also supported the Breast Cancer Campaign to educate women on how to perform a breast self-exam. Charitable activities

<mask> donated $150,000 to Brazil's Zero Hunger program. She designed a limited necklace edition for Harper's Bazaar, crafted by jewelers Gumuchian Fils, which were sold to raise money for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. An iPod autographed by Bündchen and loaded with her personal playlist was auctioned, and proceeds were donated to Music Rising, a campaign founded in 2005, to replace lost or destroyed instruments of musicians in the Gulf Coast Region after hurricane disasters. Bündchen became the face of American Express's Product Red-affiliated card in 2006.A portion of earnings from the credit card are donated to HIV/AIDS victims in Africa. In the same year she took part in the I am African fundraising campaign to make AIDS treatment accessible to all of Africa. In 2009, she appeared on 30 covers of the international issues of Elle wearing Product Red clothing and posing with products from companies that support its mission. <mask> started The Luz Foundation in 2007, a project to empower girls and help them deal with self-esteem issues. In 2008, <mask> auctioned a collection of diamonds to benefit the Diamond Empowerment Fund, a nonprofit organization to education initiatives in countries where diamonds are a natural resource. The collection featured the Ponahalo Diamonds which were valued at $2 million to $4 million, a 6-carat diamond ring worth $120,000–$150,000 and a 3.35-carat Sabbadini diamond ring worth $15,000–$20,000. In 2010, she donated $1.5 million to the Red Cross to aid the relief effort in Haiti after seeing the devastation done by the earthquake.The donation put <mask> tied for 14th on The Giving Back Fund's list of 30 celebrities who made the largest donations to charity in 2011. In 2010, together with former president Bill Clinton, <mask> joined the event that partnered Pantene and the Children's Safe Drinking Water Program to provide clean water to people in need. <mask> and Indonesian singer-songwriter Anggun announced the kick-off of the Healthy Hair for Healthy Water program at P&G's reception that was held in conjunction with the 2010 Clinton Global Initiative in New York City. <mask> also attended the Brazil Foundation's 8th Annual Gala to raise funds for fighting challenges faced by poor communities in Brazil. <mask> created an exclusive design for SIGG water bottles, with proceeds going to WaterCan NGO, a humanitarian organization in Canada that provides the poorest people in the world access to clean water, toilets, and information on hygiene. In 2020, <mask> formed the Luz Alliance fund in partnership with the Brazil Foundation with a donation of 1,000,000 reals. The fund supports the purchase of hygiene kits, food, and financial assistance to families in Brazil through eight different charitable organizations and emergency-response efforts to offset the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.<mask>, along with her husband Brady, partnered with Wheels Up to donate 10 million meals to Feeding America for their "Meals Up" initiative and helped fund thousands of meals for Feeding Tampa Bay and The Greater Boston Food Bank to alleviate food insecurity. <mask> also partnered with the "All in Challenge" by donated an experience with her at a photo shoot in New York, with all proceeds going to Feeding America, Meals on Wheels, World Central Kitchen and No Kid Hungry. Environmental work
In 2004, after visiting an Amerindian tribe at the Xingu region in Brazil and seeing firsthand the problems those communities were facing due to water pollution and deforestation, <mask> decided she had to do something to help bring attention to social and environmental issues. She advocated for the cause and through the years she has supported different projects, especially forest and water related projects in the Amazon rainforest and Atlantic Forest. In 2007, she signed a "Hotter than I Should Be" T-shirt that was auctioned on eBay for the World Wide Fund for Nature to support the charity's campaign to raise awareness about the causes and impacts of climate change. <mask> returned to her hometown of Horizontina in 2008 and with her family launched Projeto Água Limpa (Clean Water Project), which implements sustainable environmental management and promotes the recovery of riparian vegetation and the micro basins of the region. More than one million trees were planted in <mask>'s name following her 2008 American Photo cover to promote Forests of the Future, a project to assist in the reforestation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.In May 2009, <mask> co-hosted the annual gala of the Rainforest Alliance to honor leaders in sustainability. In May 2011, <mask> received the Global Environmental Citizen Award in recognition of her eco-efforts. In November 2011, she was awarded Greenest Celebrity at the 2011 International Green awards at the Natural History Museum, London. <mask> donates proceeds from the sales from her Ipanema sandals to a different charity each year. Starting in 2006, <mask> dedicated a percentage of the sales of her line of sandals to environmental projects including "Y Ikatu Xingu", meaning "Save the Good Water of Xingu", the project aimed to recover and protect springs and headwaters of the Xingu River in Brazil. In 2007, she supported World Wildlife Fund project "Nascentes do Brasil" and "De olho nos manaciais" from ISA. In 2008, the project supported was "Florestas do futuro" from SOS Mata Atlantica, a reforestation program for recovery of native species, which contributes to water conservation and biodiversity.A forest was named after her, the Gisele Bündchen Forest, where more than 25000 seedlings of 100 different tree species were planted in her honor, which recovered more than 15 hectares of Atlantic Forest. In 2011, the donation went to the Socio-Environmental Institute. In 2009, she also helped the "Tamar Project", a research initiative and environmental protection of the five species of sea turtles along the Brazilian coast. In 2012, <mask> planted a sapling of Sapucaia tree during her visit to Green Nation Fest, an event that occurs every year during the Environment Week and, that year, prior to the realization of Rio +20. Over the years <mask> participated in several United Nations campaigns to fight against climate change. She participated in challenges on World Environment Day to mobilize people to take action in helping protect the forest, the wildlife, the green economy and to encourage people to reduce their food waste. Bündchen attended Champions of the Earth and Equator Prize ceremonies multiples times.In 2013, <mask> supported the United Nations campaign against food waste, THINK.EAT.SAVE. <mask> and chef Eric Ripert participated in the Today Show program where they showed that it is possible to cook more efficiently. <mask> and her husband promote the Earth Hour global movement, a symbolic act promoted worldwide by the World Wildlife Foundation in which governments, companies, and people demonstrate concern for the environment, turning off their lights for sixty minutes. In January 2014, <mask> joined the Rainforest Alliance board of directors. Later that year she attended, as a guest of honor the spring annual gala, a ceremony that recognized the industry champions that have sustainability as a priority. In 2014 Bündchen supported the SOKO + The United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women partnership to support the financial and physical security of women and girls around the world. SOKO artisans in Kenya created a pair of handmade bracelets to raise awareness for the fund.<mask> had her work in the defense of the environment recognized and was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Since then, <mask> has helped UNEP in the mission of raising awareness and inspiring action to protect the environment. In 2016, she joined the climate change documentary show Years of Living Dangerously as one of its celebrity correspondents. In addition to using her social networks to share information about different subjects related to the importance of preserving all forms of life, <mask> also attended a meeting to discuss the matter at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, which happened on the World Wildlife Day in 2016. The date was celebrated with the theme "Wildlife Future is in Our Hands". She also participated in the Wild For Life campaign against the illegal trafficking of endangered wildlife, including the campaign that won the People's Choice Award in the green category of 2019 Webby Awards. In 2019, <mask> executive produced a documentary entitled Kiss the Ground.The feature focuses on a group of activists, scientists, farmers, and politicians who band together in a global movement of "Regenerative Agriculture" to balance our climate, replenish our vast water supplies, and feed the world. The film features <mask> alongside Woody Harrelson, Ian Somerhalder, Patricia Arquette, David Arquette, Tom Brady, and Jason Mraz. The documentary premiered at the 2020 Tribeca Film Festival in New York City in honor of the 50th Anniversary of Earth Day. In 2020 on her birthday Bündchen launched the Viva a Vida initiative and donated funds to plant 40,000 trees along the Xingu and Araguaia River in Brazil. Goodwill ambassador

<mask> and her husband, Tom Brady, served Thanksgiving dinner to more than 400 job trainees at Goodwill Industries International's headquarters in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in November 2008. In September 2009, Bündchen was designated Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme. She made her first visit to Africa as UNEP Goodwill Ambassador in January 2012.In January 2012, <mask> visited Kenya to experience the reality of energy poverty as part of the Energy for All 2030 project. On the eve of World Environment Day in June 2012, <mask>, planted the first of a series of 50,000 trees in Rio de Janeiro. In January 2014, <mask> joined the Rainforest Alliance board of directors. Personal life
From 2000 to 2005, <mask> was in a relationship with actor Leonardo DiCaprio. In 2004, <mask> and DiCaprio made Peoples annual Most Beautiful Couples List. After experiencing a period of depression, <mask> decided to end her relationship with DiCaprio after she felt their lifestyles no longer complemented, saying in her memoir Lessons, "[...] I was becoming more and more aware of things that I'd chosen not to look at. Was I alone in wanting to do some serious soul-searching while he stayed the same?In the end, unfortunately, the answer was yes." In December 2006, <mask> began dating NFL quarterback Tom Brady, after a mutual friend introduced them on a blind date. The couple married on 26 February 2009 in a small ceremony at St. Monica Catholic Church in Santa Monica, California. In April 2009, the couple had a second marriage ceremony, in Costa Rica. <mask> and Brady have two children: son Benjamin Rein (born 2009), and daughter Vivian Lake (born 2012). She is the stepmother of Brady's first son (born 2007) from a previous relationship with actress Bridget Moynahan. <mask> and Brady are Roman Catholics.<mask> practices Transcendental Meditation. She and her family adhere to a primarily plant-based diet developed by their personal chef Allen Campbell. They have lived in Brookline, Massachusetts, when Tom Brady played for the New England Patriots, and reside part-time in New York City. They have since moved to Tampa, Florida, after Brady went to play for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In December 2020, the couple reportedly bought a home in Indian Creek, Florida. Wealth
In August 2011, Bündchen ranked 60th on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. At age 31, she ranked third on The 20 Youngest Power Women of 2011 List.In 2011, Forbes named <mask> and Brady as the World's Highest-Paid Celebrity couple. In August 2012, <mask> was one of four people in the fashion industry and the only model to be ranked on the Forbes list of "The World's Most Powerful Women", at No. 83. She ranked eighth in the top 10 of the Forbes list of "Entertainment's Highest-Paid Women" in 2012. Forbes ranked <mask> as the world's top-earning model for the fifth consecutive time in May 2011. <mask> disputed the number used by Forbes, telling Brazilian website MdeMulher that the inflated estimates have made her a subject of an audit by the Internal Revenue Service. In 2013, <mask> ranked third on the 16 Most Successful Female Entrepreneurs list by Forbes.Forbes estimated <mask>'s 2016 income at $30.5 million. <mask> was the highest-paid model in the world from 2002 to 2017. Filmography

Discography

Singles

Music videos

Awards and nominations

See also
List of Brazilians

References

External links

Voguepedia

1980 births
Living people
Brazilian bloggers
Brazilian expatriates in the United States
Brazilian environmentalists
Brazilian women environmentalists
Brazilian female models
Brazilian people of German descent
Brazilian models of German descent
Breastfeeding activists
Brazilian Roman Catholics
Environmental bloggers
IMG Models models
People from Rio Grande do Sul
Victoria's Secret
Women bloggers
Twin models
Brazilian health activists
Victoria's Secret Angels
American footballers' wives and girlfriends
Brazilian women activists
The Lions (agency) models
Tom

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<mask> is a Canadian actor, producer, director and writer. Biography
<mask> was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. <mask>'s grandmother, Alice Kane (née Alice White), was a musician and music teacher, his mother was an amateur singer, and his first cousin once-removed was Canadian opera singer, Portia White, Canada's first African Canadian opera singer. <mask>'s family moved to Montreal, where he grew up in the neighborhood called Little Burgundy. <mask> commenced an eight-year career as a R&B singer before switching focus to acting. He has acted in both Canadian and American feature films and television series and received several awards for his work in the entertainment industry. Career

<mask> began his acting career on stage and started in musical theatre in Montreal starting in 1975.He starred in such stage musicals as Ain't Misbehavin', Cabaret, and The Music Man. He began acting in several Canadian and American feature films starting in 1979. In 1986, he joined the cast of the American television series, Airwolf II, playing the role of Jason Locke. In 1989, <mask> played the role of Dillon Beck in the CBC Television series, Street Legal. He portrayed this role on Street Legal from 1989–1994 and was nominated in 1992 for a Gemini Award Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role. He has guest-starred in a variety of television shows including: Beauty & The Beast, Single Ladies, Lost Girl, The Art of More, The Listener, Aaron Stone, Being Erica, Due South, Outer Limits, Soul Food, Earth: Final Conflict, PSI Factor, 1-800 Missing, Danger Bay, Adventure Inc., Diamonds, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Night Heat, The Best Years, The New Ghostwriter Mysteries, and Counterstrike. <mask> has appeared in feature films, including; Race (2015), Star Spangled Banners (2013), Honey (2003), Hostile Takeover (1988), Deadbolt (1992), Undue Influence, Switching Channels, Eddie & the Cruisers II: Eddie Lives, Closer and Closer, Crimes of Fashion, Terror Train, Too Close to Home, Free of Eden, Ultimate Deception, Both Sides of The Law, Mail To The Chief, Threshold, Physical Evidence and Guilty as Sin (1993).In 2009, <mask> returned to the stage performing in the role of Marty in the musical Dreamgirls at the Grand Theatre in London, Ontario. In 2015, he performed the leading role in the Shakespeare play, Othello for Ale House Theatre. Writing, producing and directing career

In 1991, <mask> formed his production company, Anthony Sherwood Productions, that specialized in productions emphasizing issues of social justice and African-Canadian history and culture. His film company produced the feature documentary Honour Before Glory, which he wrote, produced and directed. The film won second prize at the 2002 Hollywood Black Film Festival in Los Angeles and a 2002 Gemini Award. <mask> created and produced the documentary film Music - A Family Tradition for the CBC, which won a Gemini Award in 1997 and was nominated for an International Emmy Award. He also produced and directed a documentary film entitled Nowhere to Run, which looks at the global crisis of landmines.His film Mozambique – A Land of Hope looks at the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa and was broadcast on the Signature Series on OMNI Television and was featured at the World AIDS Conference in Toronto in August 2006. His documentary film 100 Years of Faith is about the oldest black church in the Province of Quebec. In 2009, he produced and directed the documentary film Knocking On Heaven's Door, which looked at the gang violence in Kingston, Jamaica. From 1993–2000, <mask> was the host and narrator of the documentary television series Forbidden Places for the Discovery Channel. On this television series, he performed numerous duties including writer, director, narrator and host. From 2002–2005, he was the host of the television talk-show In The Black for OMNI Television, the first talk-show on Canadian television featuring exclusive interviews with prominent African-Canadians. In February 2010, <mask> wrote, directed and produced an educational play on great African-Canadian hero William Hall.In 2012, <mask> wrote and directed the stage play TITANIC: The Untold Story, which was produced to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic. The play had its world premiere at the Alderney Landing Theatre in Nova Scotia. In July 2016, <mask> wrote, directed and co-produced the play, "The Colour of Courage" which commemorated the 100th anniversary of the formation of Canada's all-black military unit in WWI. In March 2015, <mask> released his first novel, Music In The Dark, which is published by Pottersfield Press. Social activism

From 1992–2001, <mask> was national co-chairman of the March 21 Campaign for the federal government of Canada. March 21 is the International Day For the Elimination of Racism. <mask> has received international recognition and awards for his efforts in raising awareness to the importance of racial equality.

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<mask> (; born 24 June 1971) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a right-back. He began and ended his career with Odense Boldklub in the Danish Superliga, with whom he won the 1989 Danish championship. The most prominent periods of his career were four years at Udinese and five years with club A.C. Milan. With Milan he won the 1999 Serie A championship and 2003 UEFA Champions League tournament. <mask> was named 1994 Danish Football Player of the Year, the year he made his debut for the Denmark national team. He has played 108 games and scored two goals for Denmark. He played for Denmark under three different national coaches, and participated in the 1996, 2000 and 2004 European Championship and the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cup tournaments.Playing career
Born in Odense, Helveg started his senior career at local club Odense Boldklub (OB) in the top-flight Danish 1st Division. Helveg played two matches in the last part of OB's 1989 1st Division winning season, and he was soon a part of the OB first team alongside later national team players Allan Nielsen and Brian Steen Nielsen. Helveg represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics, playing all three Denmark matches in the tournament. When OB played English club Arsenal F.C. in the 1993–94 Cup Winners' Cup tournament, Helveg was put to the task of handling English international striker Ian Wright, for which he received praise. Moving abroad
<mask>'s international career began when he was loaned out for six months by OB, in November 1993. He joined Italian club Udinese Calcio, who were relegation battlers in the Serie A championship.He made his Udinese debut in a 0–0 draw with Atalanta B.C. on 28 November 1993, and played 22 games and scored two goals in his first season at the club. Even though Udinese was relegated to the Serie B at the end of the season, he received his first call-up to the Denmark national team by national manager Richard Møller Nielsen in April 1994. He came on as a substitute in the 14th minute for the injured John Jensen, and Helveg would receive rave reviews for his performance, making him a mainstay in the Denmark squad from day one. Despite their relegation, he was bought by Udinese and was soon to have success in the Udine club. Combined with his international breakthrough with the Denmark team, his first year at Udinese earned him the 1994 Danish Player of the Year award. For five seasons, he was first choice in the right side of the Udinese starting line-up, as a wingback charging up and down the sideline.He played 30 of 38 games, as Udinese finished second in the 1994–95 Serie B season, and won promotion back into the Serie A after a single season in Serie B. Under guidance of coach Alberto Zaccheroni, Udinese steadily became a tough opponent for the other clubs in Serie A, and finished in tenth place of the 1995–96 Serie A season. <mask> scored his first national team goal in June 1996, before representing Denmark in his first major international tournament at the 1996 European Championship (Euro 1996) later that month. He played all three Denmark matches in the preliminary group stage of the Euro 1996, which ended unsuccessfully in an early exit from the tournament. In April 1997, he was joined at Udinese by fellow Danish player Martin Jørgensen. The pair developed a close relationship, naming each other nephew Jørgensen and uncle <mask>. For the next two seasons, Udinese mingled with the biggest Serie A clubs, the "Seven Sisters".Helveg played 30 of 34 games as Udinese finished in fifth place of the 1996–97 Serie A season, and qualified for European football for the first time in club history. In the following season, Helveg played four games for Udinese in the European UEFA Cup tournament, and helped the club finish in a meriting third place of the 1997–98 Serie A season. Both <mask> and Martin Jørgensen were included in new national manager Bo Johansson's Danish squad for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Their connection was evident in their joint celebration following <mask>'s goal in Denmark's 4–1 win over Nigeria in the World Cup round of 16. Milan
Before the 1998 World Cup, <mask> had been sold to A.C. Milan, alongside his Udinese teammate Oliver Bierhoff. The transfer deal made Helveg the most expensive Danish player at the time, at the price of £6 million. The shift from Udinese to A.C. Milan was made easier, when Milan later signed manager Alberto Zaccheroni from the Udinese days.The trio gained success in Milan, as the club won the Italian championship, Lo Scudetto, in 1998–99. <mask> played a large role in the success as a starter in almost every game in the season. In the next two seasons he was still first choice, but in the season 2001–02 he began to be challenged severely by the young Italian players like Gennaro Gattuso and Massimo Ambrosini. He scored his first goal for the club on 6 December 2000; the only goal in a 1–0 win at Deportivo de La Coruña in the UEFA Champions League. In the 2001–02 season he played less than half of Milan's games in Serie A, and following only eight of 34 matches in the 2002–03 season, he moved to Inter Milan – the cross-city rivals of A.C. Milan – before the season 2003–04. Through his five years at A.C. Milan, <mask> had been selected for Denmark in both the Euro 2000 as well as 2002 FIFA World Cup. While the Euro 2000 was no success for neither Denmark nor Helveg, who had an injury which limited him to playing a combined 98 minutes in two games, the 2002 World Cup gave him more time on the pitch.He played full-time in the three successful group stage matches, until another injury forced him to leave the pitch in the seventh minute of Denmark's final game before elimination. Veteran years
In Inter Milan, he rejoined his former manager in both Udinese and A.C. Milan, Alberto Zaccheroni. Helveg regained some of his form and played 22 games in Serie A and six matches in the European cups. In this his last year in Italy, he was from time to time also used in the left side of the defence. He was once more a part of a European Championship tournament, when he played full-time in Denmark's four games at the Euro 2004. Helveg was named national team captain following the retirement of René Henriksen after the Euro 2004 tournament. After a year at Inter Milan, Helveg moved on to play in England in the summer 2004.He joined Norwich City on a free transfer. Norwich had been promoted to the English FA Premier League and saw Helveg as a signing who would bring class and experience to the side. His signing was seen as something of a coup for Norwich, but Helveg struggled to reproduce the form shown in Serie A and on the international scene, and he lost his place in the starting line-up in the opening weeks of the season. After a long absence, partly due to injury, he regained his place in the side in early 2005, this time in central midfield. He finished the season, in typically versatile fashion, as the first choice right back. After a largely disappointing season, Norwich was relegated. <mask> left the club, having shown only flashes of his former class.<mask> signed a two-year contract with German club Borussia Mönchengladbach in the Bundesliga championship. Four appearances into his Mönchengladbach debut season, he sustained a serious achilles tendon injury that forced him out for more than eight months. He returned to Bundesliga action at the end of that season, coming on as a substitute in injury-time in Mönchengladbach's final match. Having played eight of Mönchengladbach's first 19 games during the 2006–07 season, Helveg was dropped from the Danish national team by national manager Morten Olsen. <mask> and Mönchengladbach mutually terminated his contract in January 2007, and he moved back to play for OB. On 4 December 2010, Helveg played the last match of his career. Later and coaching career
After retiring at the end of 2010, it was confirmed on 17 December 2010, that <mask> from 1 January 2011 would continue at OB as an assistant coach under Henrik Clausen.Clausen was fired on 26 March 2012, but Helveg continued in his position under newly hired manager Poul Hansen. At his own request, Helveg chose to resign from his position in June 2013. In August 2015, <mask> was back in football when he was hired as a member of FC Roskilde's board. It is unknown how long Helveg held this position. On 28 May 2020, <mask> was appointed assistant coach of Denmark's U-19 national team. Career statistics

Club

International
Scores and results list Denmark's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Helveg goal. Honours
OB
Danish 1st Division: 1989
Danish Cup: 1990–91, 1992–93, 2006–07

A.C. Milan
Serie A: 1998–99
Coppa Italia: 2002–03
UEFA Champions League: 2002–03

Individual
Danish Player of the Year: 1994

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

Literature

External links
 Danish national team profile
 Career information at ex-canaries.co.uk

1971 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Odense
Danish footballers
Denmark international footballers
Denmark under-21 international footballers
Olympic footballers of Denmark
Odense Boldklub players
Udinese Calcio players
A.C. Milan players
Inter Milan players
Norwich City F.C.players
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
Danish Superliga players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Premier League players
Bundesliga players
Footballers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
UEFA Euro 1996 players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2000 players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
FIFA Century Club
Danish expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Association football defenders
UEFA Champions League winning players
Dalum IF players

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Thomas Lund Helveg
Helveg
Thomas Helveg
Helveg
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Thomas Helveg
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<mask>Jerry<mask> (, born Asen Hristov Yordanov, September 2, 1896 - October 19, 1967) was a Bulgarian-American inventor, engineer, and aviator. <mask> is considered to be the founder of aeronautical engineering in Bulgaria, as well as a contributor to the development of aviation in the United States. He occupied a distinct place among pilots of his time, the golden age of airmanship; in America, <mask> gained almost legendary status for his many roles as test pilot, airmail and air taxis pilot, stunt pilot, and flying instructor. He worked as an engineer for a number of companies, including Curtiss-Wright, Boeing, Lockheed, North American, Consolidated, Chance-Vought, Douglas and Piper, where he produced instruction books and manuals for famous airplanes such as the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, the North American B-25 Mitchell, the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, the Consolidated B-24 Liberator, the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, and the Douglas DC-3. <mask> was also well known for his numerous educational publications on aeronautics, including his inventions outside the realm of aviation. Background
Asen Hristov Yordanov was the son of a polyglot economist/chemist, Hristo Yordanov. Hristo graduated from the University of Stuttgart in Germany and later obtained a doctorate from the University in Aachen, Germany, where he specialized in the analysis and production of wool and later silk, publishing several important findings on the process.In Bulgaria, Hristo worked in the Ministry of Economics and Agriculture as well as the Sofia bank. The Yordanov's were fairly wealthy, and owned several coal and copper mines, as well as a family farm. In turn, Asen was educated early. Asen's mother, Dochka Tsoneva, was the daughter of a rich tobacco producer from Razgrad. She studied piano and opera singing in Turin, Italy. Very well-read, Tsoneva found an interest in fine cuisine and published a famous cookbook. She also wrote poems and a number of plays, not meant to be published.Asen had five siblings. His sister Milka Toteva, a violinist, also made a successful career in the United States. Childhood and youth
From a very young age, Asen Yordanov was interested in flight. He built kites as a child, and as an adolescent attended lectures on physics at the local university. In his teens, Yordanov invented a dark box, a simple substitution to the use of an entire dark room in photograph development. Later, his father would take Yordanov to Italy, Switzerland and France, where Yordanov learned of the many innovations in transportation, notably the motorcycle. Asen was temporarily lodged in a boarding school in Geneva, where he learned French.He continued his studies in Bulgaria. The glider
In 1912, at the age of 16, Yordanov built his first workable glider. A local Bulgarian newspaper, dated February 16, 1912, published an article entitled 'First Bulgarian glider', which read:

In the last few days, on the field between the infantry camp and the pioneer barracks, a very young Bulgarian aviator drills with his glider built by himself. He is a high school schoolboy, Asen Yordanov, the son of the Administrator of the Bank of Agriculture. He is fifteen, passionately keen on aviation and as a child fashioned toys that could fly. Last year, when visiting France and Italy, he saw the biplane of Maslennykov and Tchernyak, and from then on thought seriously to conquer the air himself. His glider is a very simple, light affair, based on the constructions of the Wright brothers and of Farman.It is 7 meters long, 1.20 m wide, with a surface area of 14 m2 and weights 23 kg. Yesterday he flew for over 12 minutes and reached an altitude of 10 to 12 meters. This young man's glider deserves praise, especially from aviation specialists. The exact date of the first flight is unclear, but after it, on February 5, the young flier made a second test flight in the presence of an official commission. Young Asen was invited to take another trip to France by a rich couple from Rousse, who had no children, and to go with them on summer holiday to Paris. In 1912, the first Salon de l'Aviation took place in Paris, presenting the latest aeronautic achievements and the latest planes, demonstrated by the top pilots of the day. In turn, Yordanov, above all, planned to find a means of admission to the well-known Blériot school in Étampes, knowing fully well the unlikelihood of a 16-year-old boy from then newly formed Bulgaria to gain admittance.This was until he met the well-known Bulgarian aviator Lieutenant Simeon Petrov, who introduced him to Louis Blériot himself. He wasn't officially enrolled and there was no diploma for him, but attending the famous flying school in the company of great aviators played a huge role in Yordanov's educational development. After graduation, all the Bulgarians in the school were gathered and notified that the Turks are planning to invade Bulgaria. Balkan Wars
The First Balkan War, led by Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece against Turkey, was shortly followed by the Second Balkan War, led against Bulgaria by its former allies. At 17, Asen Yordanov volunteered for the army, with his father's reluctant consent. Though never in any imminent danger, Asen Yordanov served his part during the war as car driver; most of his time he frequented the airplane hangars. Colonel Radul Milkov would later recall:

I would often see the boy, drawing paper in hand, sitting in hangars or in the repair shop and copying the design of the parts from dismantled machines.He would also note down measurements of the length, height and width of this or that part, for instance the ribs and flat surfaces of the plane or all that made up the fuselage. '=
In the Aeroplanno Otdelenie division, Asen Yordanov gained expertise, he designed the first Bulgarian-made airplane, and it was built in the summer of 1915. Yordanov test flew the plane, and it was subsequently named the Diplane (biplane) Yordanov-1. He sold the plane's design to the military and they started to produce it. In one year's time Bulgaria already had 23 airplanes. August 10, 1915, was considered the beginning of Bulgarian aircraft industry. Yordanov already became known as  designer, mathematician, and inventor at his young age.He introduced a valuable new device, namely a feature which prevents the plane from losing altitude, into the new plane. Asen Yordanov's airplane was at a first look similar to the planes of that time. It was a biplane with relatively short wings, to decrease the body weight and with increased spacing between them to improve the aerodynamic effect of the lower wing. The wing section was similar to that of Albatros. The cockpit and the fuselage were conceived with great care to diminish drag. The landing gear was reinforced with double tires for stability and safety when landing. The tail, vertical and horizontal stabilizers and the ailerons were similar to those built by Louis Blériot.The innovation that helped at landing and at recovery from stalls was something like contemporary flaps, added between the wings. Yordanov was awarded a scholarship to study abroad for his construction. His next and even more ambitious project was a heavier multi-engine plane. Unfortunately the rise of World War I cancelled his plans. Adulthood

World War I
After finishing secondary school in Sofia, Yordanov was drafted for World War I. He entered the military school at Bozhuriste, near Sofia. On graduation, <mask> was promoted to lieutenant and was assigned to the air force.He took part as a pilot in 84 military missions. He ended the war being awarded several insignias of honor, most important of which was the Order for bravery. The war was disastrous for Bulgaria, leaving the country to deal with heavy war reparations and  practically destroyed economy. Emigration to America
In May 1921 Asen Yordanov and his wartime friend, Alexander Stoyanov, read about a contest to fly around the world in 100 days. The first plane to make it would win one million dollars. Yordanov and his partner were fully supported by the then prime-minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski and were granted US$6,000 /participation fee-US$2500/ by the Bulgarian Ministry of War to participate in the initiative, and they traveled to the US. However, Yordanov and Stoyanov were the only candidates and therefore the contest was postponed and later canceled.Nonetheless, Yordanov decided to remain in the United States, where he later found his new home. He also anglicized his surname to "<mask>". Aviation career
Faced with the dilemma of knowing absolutely no English, <mask> <mask> began his life in America shoveling snow in New York for small pay. After the snow melted, <mask> was able to find a job at a construction work on a skyscraper. Having a job, he spent all his free time at the Public Library, studying English by himself or reading books and manuals on subjects  such as aeronautics, machinery, and mechanics. At that time he became known among his friends and colleagues as Jerry, rather than Assen, a familiar name that would stick with him for the rest of his life. <mask> then got a job at the Curtiss-Wright Corporation.Having his English improved, <mask>

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 <mask> went on to take university courses in engineering, aeronautics, radio electronics, physics, and chemistry. At the same time he graduated from a flying school; his instructor was William Winston, who was also Charles Lindbergh's flight instructor. <mask> moved later to Curtiss-Wright, therefrom he would emerge as a test pilot and in parallel as a sales manager, a pilot of air taxis, a stunt pilot and above all a flying instructor. He also specialized in flying under complex weather conditions. <mask> was still just in his late 20s. <mask> was invited by Thomas Edison  to visit him at his home in Menlo Park, New Jersey, as Edison was at the stage of developing a proto-radar and was also interested in helicopters, a research project in which <mask> <mask> was involved at the same time. They collaborated designs and worked together for several months.Later years

Jordanoff's business
In the 1930s and early 1940s <mask> wrote a number of illustrated books on problems of aviation, which became a Bible for future aviators. More than 750,000 copies of his books were sold in the US. Some of them were translated in other languages. After 1940 began a major period in <mask> <mask>'s career. During the next ten years, he established and presided over his own business enterprises: The Jordanoff Aviation Corporation, followed by The Jordanoff Corporation and then The Jordanoff Company, before the creation in 1946 of Jordanoff Electronics. In aeronautics, the Jordanoff companies collaborated with such firms as Douglas, Chance-Vought, Lockheed, Curtiss-Wright, McDonnell, Boeing, North American, Consolidated, and Piper. At the request of many, <mask>, as a designer and engineer within his own enterprise, compiled instruction books and manuals for the operation and maintenance, inspection and repair for some well-known aircraft such as the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, a very versatile aircraft used during World War II mainly as high-speed, high-altitude fighter, long-range escort fighter and photo reconnaissance plane; the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, America's foremost fighter in service when World War II began; the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the best long-range bombers in World War II; the Consolidated B-24 Liberator and the North American B-25 Mitchell bombers, and the Douglas DC-3 transport aircraft.A very important activity was the preparation and the distribution of thousands of copies of descriptive books and practical manuals for aircraft. <mask> also became renowned for his many articles and publishing on aviation, as well as his commentaries and editorials. He was presented as a prominent authority on all the areas of aviation. <mask> eventually became the largest American publisher and editor of specialized military manuals. In the 1940s <mask> was assigned the task by the United States Department of Defense to prepare instruction manuals for military aircraft, submarines and aircraft carriers, on topics like land support with radio equipment, air meteorology, theoretic and flight preparation of the pilots for diurnal and nocturnal piloting. These were for crew use, inspection, maintenance and repair. Aside from his many patents on plane design, <mask> also introduced the so-called Jordaphone from his Electronics company, a wireless telephone, with an answering function and amplifier and intercom functions.It was the first of its kind, and preceded the modern inventions of the answering machine and tape recorder by 5 to 30 years. Another invention was the Frozen Gasoline System for airplanes. The idea was to super-cool the fuel in an aircraft's tank with dry ice and alcohol, thus making it inflammable. This system was never finally implemented, but its principles were later adopted in different forms. Further inventions of note included The Reverse Thrust device, which was made to decrease the specific fuel consumption and to increase the thrust of jet engines. The world's first air bag, meant to ensure the safety of pilots and automobile drivers alike, was designed by <mask> in (1957). The Stratoport resumed <mask>'s interest in aviation.A special company was established: The Stratoport Corporation of America (1956). It owned the patent issued for a field of two unidirectional no-cross runways, set end-to-end and elevated to slow-down planes that are landing and to speed-up those taking off. The runways were screened by high perforated fences that reduced crosswinds. The high screens were also expected to reduce the noise as well as the elevated ends to reduce the length and the area needed for runways. Nonetheless, as was the case with the Jordaphone, the new concept was too ambitious and modernistic. <mask> married in 1929 Alice Grant Patton. She was ten years older than he was.They divorced in 1942. In 1942 he married his second wife Diana. They divorced in 1950 after his financial collapse. In 1955 he married Lucile Andrews. When in 1962 <mask> retired, he settled with her in a small cottage in Harrison, New York. Legacy
<mask>'s popularity in America became almost legendary, as he was often the subject of many anecdotes and arguments. <mask> was made an honorary citizen of New York City, his name appeared in  Who's Who.The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum holds his papers and mementoes.
.

<mask> <mask> died October 19, 1967, aged 71, in St. Angels Hospital in White Plains, New York. His ashes were dispersed from a plane by some of his friends. Jordanoff Bay in Davis Coast on the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica is named after <mask> <mask>. <mask>'s writings
 <mask> <mask>, Flying and How to Do It, Grosset & Dunlap, New York, 1932, 1936, 1940; illustrated by Larry Whittington
 <mask> <mask>, Your Wings, Funk and Wagnalls, 1936, 1939–1940, 1942
 <mask> <mask>, Through the Overcast: The Weather and the Art of Instrument Flying, Funk and Wagnalls, New York – London, 1938–1939, 1940–1941, 1943
 <mask> <mask>, Safety in Flight, Funk & Wagnalls, New York – London, 1941, 1942
 <mask> <mask>, <mask>'s Illustrated Aviation Dictionary, Harper & Brothers, New York – London, 1942
 <mask> <mask>, The Man Behind the Flight: A ground Course for Aviation Mechanics and Airmen, Harper & Brothers, New York – London, 1942
 <mask> <mask>, Power and Flight, Harper & Brothers, New York – London, 1944
 <mask> <mask>, Men and Wings, Curtiss – Wright, New York, 1942. Articles
"Sport Flying is Hailed to Giver Higher Horizons: High Cost of Plane Per Hour Becomes Economy When Compared with Car on Mileage Basis", New York Times, June 15, 1930, pg. XX5;
"Diver Flies, Flyer Dives", Popular Science Monthly, January 1931;
"Unit Parachutes Called Practical: Flier Believes Transport Planes Adaptable To Use of Packs—No Fear Complex", Wide World Photo, New York Times, Apr 26, 1931, pg. XX8;
"Will Autogiro Banish Present Plane", Popular Science Monthly, March 1931;
"Check for Plane Lift: Pilot Urges Revolution Recorder in Place of Time Log: Stunts Bring Extra Strains.Fixes Time for Overhaul. ", New York Times, July 5, 1931, pg. 97;
"Thrills I Get in Piloting Air Taxis", Popular Science Monthly, July 1931;
"What Pupils Taught Me About Flying", Popular Science Monthly, November 1931;
"Flying, Popular Science Monthly, January 1932;
"The First Fighting Squadron", Sportsman Pilot, February 1932;
"Stunt Flying", Popular Science Monthly, May 1932. About Jordanoff
Assen <mask> and Aviation by Milka Toteva, Societe des Gens de Lettres, Paris 1995 (in Bulgarian);
Go 6,000 miles; find air race postponed: Two Young Bulgarian Fliers Travel From Sofia.., New York Times, Sep 4, 1921, pg. 21;
Designers shows how stability aids plane safety: new model shows fast climb, By Clarence D. Chamberlin. New York Times, Mar 16, 1930, pg. XX8;
Edison forecasts 'eye' for flying: Taking First Ground Lesson, He Hints Device Might Convert Light into Sound...Expounds Theories to Jordanoff, Plane Designer -Sees Future for Helicopter Machines., New York Times, Oct 3, 1930, pg.29;
'Frozen' Gasoline Curbs Plane from Peril: Dry Ice and Alcohol Cool the Liquid, Thus Reducing Danger From Fire, New York Times, Jan 16, 1939, pg. 17;
Jordanoff to issue Aviation Manuals, Publishers Weekly v. 143, Jan 2, 1943
McLaughlin Joins <mask>, New York Times, Nov 15, 1942, pg. F8;
Aviation Firm Expands: Jordanoff Co. Leases Additional Space in Madison Ave., New York Times, Apr 14, 1943, pg. 38;
Fitzpatrick Joins <mask>, New York Times, Jul 21, 1943, pg. 22;
<mask> <mask>: Aviation Pioneer: Stunt Flier Is Dead at 71, Fought in World War I, New York Times, Oct 19, 1967, pg. 47.Notes

External links
 Asen Yordanov

1896 births
1967 deaths
American aerospace engineers
Members of the Early Birds of Aviation
Bulgarian inventors
Bulgarian emigrants to the United States
People from Sofia
Eastern Orthodox Christians from the United States
People from Harrison, New York
Bulgarian military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Bulgarian Air Force personnel
Recipients of the Order of Bravery
Bulgarian military personnel of World War I
United States airmail pilots
20th-century Bulgarian people
20th-century Bulgarian military personnel
Engineers from New York (state)
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American

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<mask> (September 12, 1915 – October 7, 1988) was an American singer active in the United States and Europe from the mid-1930s to 1988, notable for his hit recording of "That Old Black Magic" and his pioneering performances on early 1950s television. He was one of the first African-American entertainers to cross over into the mainstream. <mask> was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1977. Life and career

Early life
<mask> was born in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. where his father was a postmaster and notary. His mother was a schoolteacher and organist. <mask> had a heritage of Portuguese sailor, Native American (Choctaw), African American, and frontiersman Daniel Boone.Early career
In 1935, <mask> moved from Jacksonville to New York to attend Columbia University. He planned to become a lawyer, but he was sidetracked during the Depression. His grandmother was a seamstress in Harlem for the Ziegfeld Follies, and she encouraged her grandson to sing at Dickie Wells, the club where he first worked as a dishwasher, then a singing waiter. There he was discovered by bandleader Erskine Hawkins, who hired him as a featured vocalist. He toured with the Erskine Hawkins Band in 1935–36 and then returned to Harlem. Throughout 1938, he sang daily on New York radio for 12 different sponsors. "It was me or the horse racing," <mask> remarked.<mask> performed frequently at nightclubs on New York's 52nd Street, where he was one of the first singers to leave the big-band scene and pursue a solo career. He sometimes made three 52nd Street club performances per night. In 1945, he played intermission with Charlie Parker at the Spotlite Club on 52nd Street. <mask> had several accompanists, including Nat Cole, while in New York. In 1948, he teamed with ex-big-band pianist Benny Payne, who had been Cab Calloway's pianist in the Cotton Club. Payne remained as accompanist for the rest of <mask>'s career. "That Old Black Magic"

<mask>' first trademark song from his time on New York radio was the song "Diane," which he recorded on Bluebird in 1941.His later signature song was "That Old Black Magic", by Harold Arlen and Johnny Mercer, which <mask> first recorded for Apollo Records in 1948. His 1950 recording on Mercury became a hit, selling in the millions. His sensational performance in 1950 in Bill Miller's Riveria Club led to holdover appearances. Following Park Avenue residences, <mask> record holdover at 1952 New York Copacabana Club still stands. <mask> was popular in Europe after he headlined at the London Palladium in 1952, having broken the house records. He toured the UK's Moss Theatre circuit in the 1950s as "America's most exciting singer." His forte was as a nightclub entertainer, and he was the biggest cabaret draw in New York throughout the 1950s, appearing alongside the comedian Jimmy Durante.His vocal stylings and trademark dance movements were widely imitated by the impressionists of the era. In 1958, <mask> was the first entertainer to sign a longterm contract to appear in Las Vegas for three years at the Stardust. Broadway
<mask> had performed in musicals on Broadway early in his career with a minor role in a short-lived musical, Memphis Bound (1945). More notable was the long run (700+ performances) of Golden Boy with Sammy Davis Jr. in 1964, directed by Arthur Penn. <mask> toured the US in 1975 with Pearl Bailey in the all-black Hello, Dolly!, and in London's West End, he headlined a 1978 presentation of Bubbling Brown Sugar. He was popular in Australia where he first toured with the Andrews Sisters in 1954. Films and television
<mask> was a pioneer in television with  his own television series that debuted on ABC on October 12, 1952.The <mask> Show was sponsored by Rybutol, a popular vitamin tablet at the time. This 15-minute show, telecast from WJZ-TV in New York on Sunday evenings from what was later to become The Ed Sullivan Theater (and now The Late Show) was a milestone: the first sponsored network television series starring a black performer. He appeared on television in the US and UK and Australia and Canada throughout the 1950s and 1960s with performances on The Milton Berle Show and 'The Ed Sullivan Show. His films include When You're Smiling (Columbia, 1950) On the Sunny Side of the Street (Columbia 1951) and Columbia's Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder (Columbia, 1952). In the original script for the movie Goodfellas (working title: "Wiseguys") the narration of the character Karen Hill was to include, "One night, <mask> sent us champagne. There was nothing like it." However, in the final version of the movie, the name was changed to Bobby Vinton.Later recording career
<mask>' recordings cover the period of transition from 78-rpm to the dawn of microgroove recording. Remembered mostly for his charismatic live performances, he made an album at Abbey Road, The Magic of Billy <mask> (1978), which contained a disco version of "That Old Black Magic." He recorded one of the first soul records, "Woe Woe Woe", a now rare recording. Personal life

Marriage and children
<mask> was married four times: Gladys Gordan (divorced 1940); Florence Clotworthy (died 1947); Martha Braun (divorced 1953); and Pierrette (from 1955 to his death in 1988). <mask> and Gladys Gordan had one child; <mask>. He had three children with his second wife Florence Clotworthy; Diane, <mask>, Bruce. Clotworthy died in 1947.In 1950, <mask> married socialite Martha Braun. Braun filed for divorce in Juarez, Mexico, citing mental cruelty. He did not contest the action. After the divorce <mask> married Pierette Cameron, whom he hired as governess for his children. Pierrette had two daughters with <mask>; Andrea and Dominique. Pierrette H<mask>, <mask>' widow (deceased 2011), and their daughter <mask> founded a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, the Billy Daniels Foundation, raising money for under served youths seeking Arts Education support in her late husband's name. <mask>, is Chief Executive Officer of the Billy Daniels Foundation.Health
<mask> had heart-bypass surgery twice, first in 1982 and then five years later in 1987. Death
<mask> died on October 7, 1988, from stomach cancer at the age of 73 in Los Angeles, California. He is buried at the El Camino Memorial Park in Sorrento Valley, San Diego, California. Discography
 1952 You Go to My Head (Mercury)
 1954 Love Me or Leave Me (Mercury MG-20047)
 1957 You Go to My Head (Verve)
 1958 The Masculine Touch (Verve)
 1960 Touch of Your Lips (Pickwick)
 1963 Love Songs For A Fool (Wing)
 1970 New Black Magic (King)
 1978 The Magic Of <mask> (Music For Pleasure)
 1993 <mask> at the Crescendo (GNP)
 2001 Mr. Black Magic  (GNP/Crescendo)
 2003 Around Midnight (Sepia Records)
 2004 The Legendary <mask> (Sepia Records)

Filmography
 1948 Sepia Cinderella
 1950 When You're Smiling
 1951 Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder
 1952 Sunny Side of the Street
 1959 Night of the Quarter Moon
 1959 The Beat Generation
 1959 The Big Operator
 2009 That Old Black Magic (Arkadia Jazz DVD)

References

Further reading
 The Street That Never Slept by Arnold Shaw. Coward, McCann & Geoghan, 1971. Chapter 14 is about <mask>, plus other references appear throughout. External links

 Billy Daniels Foundation

1915 births
1988 deaths
African-American male actors
Columbia University alumni
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Jubilee Records artists
Liberty Records artists
Mercury Records artists
Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida
Apollo Records artists
20th-century American male actors
20th-century African-American male singers

masks:
William Boone Daniels
Daniels
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Billy Daniels
Billy Daniels
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Yvonne Daniels
Billy Jr
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. Daniels
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Dominique Daniels
Dominique Daniels
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Billy Daniels
Billy Daniels
Billy Daniels
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