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was a Japanese businessman and the son of Toyoda Loom Works founder <mask>. His decision to change <mask>'s focus from automatic loom manufacture into automobile manufacturing created what would become Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyoda Loom Works and Toyota Motor Corporation
<mask> persuaded his brother, who was responsible as head of the family business, to invest in the expansion of Toyoda Loom Works into a concept automobiles division; of which was considered a risk to the family business at the time. Shortly before <mask> died, he encouraged his son to follow his dream and pursue automobile manufacturing — <mask> would solidify the mechanical prowess the family had experienced inventing steam, oil, and electric looms, and would develop and institute what eventually became the global powerhouse of modern fame today, Toyota Motor Corporation. He would also institute the spelling of the automobile company away from the family name to famously garner good luck. <mask> would never know the success that would come to him as he resigned from the company he developed in 1950 in reaction to flagging sales and profitability. He died two years later; his contemporaries would call him "Japan's Thomas Edison".In 1957, his cousin and confidant Eiji <mask>, would follow him as head of Toyota Motor Corporation, and build the late <mask>'s successful expansion into a world-class conglomeration of engineering and the launch of Japan's most prominent luxury brand, Lexus. Early life

Childhood
<mask> <mask> was born as the eldest son of Sakichi <mask> and Tami Sahara on June 11, 1894 at Yoshitsumura Yamaguchi, Shizuoka, Japan (currently Yamaguchi, Kochi City, Shizuoka). Before <mask> was born, Sakichi stayed in Toyohashi. At the time, Sakichi came to Yoshitsumachi to give a name to <mask>. However, after Sakichi named Kiichiro, he soon returned to Toyohashi. Also, less than two months after his mother, Tami, gave birth to him, she left him and her husband. She did so because she was sick of her husband, who, in her eyes, was too preoccupied with industrial inventions to pay any attention to their family life.Therefore, <mask> was raised in Yoshitsumura by his grandparents. At the age of three, Kiichiro moved to Nagoya, Aichi (currently Higashi Ward, Aichi), where Sakichi lived. In terms of education, Kiichiro entered Kyodo Kanji Ordinary Elementary School and then changed to Takadake Ordinary Elementary School (currently Nagoya Municipal Higashisakura Elementary School). After that, he entered Aichi Normal School Elementary School (currently Aichi University of Education Nagoya Elementary School), Meirin Junior High School (currently Aichi Prefectural Meiwa High School), and Second High School. In 1920, he graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, at Tokyo Imperial University. After graduation, he remained in Tokyo Imperial University at the Faculty of Law for about seven months until March 1921. Kiichiro was an excellent student.After graduating university
After that, he returned to his hometown, Nagoya, and joined Toyota Boshoku, which was founded by his father, Sakichi, in 1918 (Sakichi served as company president since then). From July 1921 to February 1922, Kiichirō visited San Francisco, London, Oldham (a large town in Greater Manchester, England), etc. to learn about the spinning and weaving industry and then returned from Marseille via Shanghai. After he returned to Japan, in December 1922, he married Hatako Iida, the daughter of the Takashimaya department store chain co-founder, Shinshichi Iida. In 1926, <mask> established Toyota Industries Corporation and became its Managing Director. Also, he became interested in automatic looms, so he set up a pilot plant in Kariya, Aichi to start development for them even though his father, Sakichi, disagreed. He travelled to Europe and America from September 1929 to April 1930, and thought that the automobile industry, which was in its infancy at that time, would greatly develop in the future.Therefore, in 1933, an automobile manufacturing department (later the automobile department) was newly established in Toyota Industries Corporation. In 1936, it was designated as a licensed company under the Automotive Manufacturing Act. In 1937, it became independent as Toyota Motor Corporation. Kiichirō became the vice president the same year (the president was Rizaburo <mask>). In 1941, <mask> took office as president. At the height of the Pacific theater of World War II, the <mask> family would be affected on both family business and home fronts. His children's education would be delayed by civil ramifications, and his business would be compelled to manufacture trucks for the Imperial Japanese Army.The family firms would be spared destruction in the days before the Japanese government's surrender. Expanding to automotive industry
He is a key figure in paving the way for the Japanese automobile industry, and without him, today's Japanese automobile industry might have been less developed. The automobile industry plays a very important role in supporting the Japanese economy. The number of automobiles produced in Japan dramatically increased from 70,000 to 11.4 million between 1955 and 1980, and in 1980 exceeded the number of automobiles produced by the United States. In addition, the ratio of overseas exports of Japanese automobiles was 55% in 1985. <mask> is said to have opened the path for the Japanese automobile industry, and he is credited for creating from scratch domestic cars that were superior to foreign cars. The differences between Japan and the United States in the automobile industry during World War II were quite large.In the early 1930s, Kiichiro proceeded with the development toward the domestic production of automobiles. In 1933, Toyota Industries Corporation set up an automobile department and began full-scale development of automobiles. However, the development of the car did not proceed smoothly. For instance, no one had experience in automobile manufacturing, so he gathered those who had experience in automobile manufacturing from across Japan. Also, it took six months to manufacture the engine. Then, in May 1935, the first A1 passenger car was finally completed. After that, it produced AA passenger cars that improved the A1 type and GA trucks that improved the G1 type.Moreover, Toyota Industries Corporation was designated with the Nissan Motor Company in September as a licensed company under the Automotive Manufacturing Act. However, <mask> was worried that being selected as the licensed company would lead to the loss of the competitiveness of the automobile industry and it would cause the  destruction of the Japanese automobile industry. In 1937, Toyota Motor Corporation was established  and <mask> was elected as vice president. <mask>'s management was very good for mainly two reasons. First, He controlled and made the operation simpler in order to produce more cars on a shoestring. Specifically, in order to clarify the internal organization, the company was divided into seven divisions, and the purpose and jurisdiction of each division were clearly decided. Second, he reduced the risk of mass-produced cars by being involved not only in mass-produced cars but also in the manufacture of specialty cars.In November 1938, the Koromo Factory was established, and it worked hard to manufacture automobiles. However, the problems of automobile quality and cost arose, and the management was put into a critical situation. To overcome this situation, <mask> solved those problems by taking prompt action and in-house manufacturing of automobile parts. In 1941, <mask> became president of Toyota Motor Industry. Toyota Motor Corporation and war

Wartime

During Sino-Japanese War
Toyota Motor Corporation had restricted its activities due to the war. In 1937, the second Sino-Japanese War broke out and it caused great challenges to the Japanese automobile industry including Toyota Motor Corporation. Following the end of the war, the Japanese government restricted automobile production in favor of products for the military, making the production and purchase of passenger cars difficult.In 1938, the National General Mobilization Law was enacted to maximize the use of human and physical resources. This law required Toyota Motor Corporation to provide trucks to the military and munitions industries with priority. In addition, the production of passenger cars was restricted and small passenger car production ceased in order to increase the production of military trucks. Starting in 1939, automobile industries had to obtain permission from the Minister of Commerce and Industry to sell passenger cars. Even after that, control was further strengthened. In 1940, Toyota Motor Corporation and Nissan were reinforced control for selling large trucks and buses by the Japanese government, so the control made customers buy these trucks and buses personally. Those who wished to purchase were approved by a long procedure.To be specific, they applied for purchase at a dealer with permission of local police officers, next, obtained a survey from the dealer, and then, applying for a vehicle dispatch to the manufacturer was required. However, the possibility of accepting general orders has become extremely low. During World War II
This situation became worse after the entry into World War II. Toyota Motor Corporation was designated as a munitions company in 1944, and strict control continued. <mask> must have had very unsatisfactory days during this period about not being permitted to make passenger cars. However, even during this time, Kiichiro concentrated on thinking about  technical problems. He believed that the automobile business would definitely serve post-war Japan and continued to explore the technical issues despite such difficult times.Postwar

Under occupation and <mask>'s actions
Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration on August 14, 1945, which brought the war to an end on the following day, 15th in Japan. Postwar Japan was occupied by GHQ (General Headquarters). In terms of the automobile industry, GHQ did not allow a Japanese automobile company to make passenger cars except for trucks. Like this, <mask> still faced difficult problems. However, he did not lose in this hard situation. He took a leading place and took many actions for the restoration of the Japanese automotive industry. First, in November 1945, he established an umbrella organization for the automotive industry (自動車統括団体) initiatively and he became the chairman of the organization.In the following year, he negotiated with GHQ by himself, and made GHQ admit that the new organization was different from the one of the wartime. Kiichiro also invited representatives of distribution companies nationwide to Koromo. He gave speeches about policy changes at Toyota Motor Corporation and proceeded with talks for the recovery of the automobile industry. His forceful speeches impressed the representatives. These actions show how much he was passionate about the car and the automobile industry and justified him acting on the behalf of the automobile industry. In addition, after the war, many dealers of each company were released from control and became independent. Some of these dealers' companies restarted as Toyota dealerships and were able to back to the prewar company.This shows how much he was trusted as the president of Toyota Motor Corporation by the owners of the dealerships. In fact, Kiichiro valued relationship with dealerships, so he usually communicated with people directly and dealt with problems as soon as possible if they suggested. Hard situation
However, it was still a hard situation to produce and sell. Raw materials and parts were not immediately available in the poor period after the war, and it was difficult to get cheap and good quality genuine parts compared to before. The production of trucks did not reach the monthly production of 500 cars. In 1945, the annual production volume was 3275 units, and in the following year, 5821units. However, although the production of passenger cars was prohibited, research for passenger cars could be allowed by GHQ.Also, as a part of the occupation policy, the automobile company will be contracted to repair United States military vehicles in Japan, so it was a good opportunity for Toyota employees including Kiichiro to know the structure of American cars. They actively absorbed the advanced parts of American cars, and then used as a reference to the development of its own passenger car. Anyway, the most important point is Kiichiro kept working so hard to develop the Japanese automobile industry under the hard circumstance in the postwar period. Passenger car production resumes
<mask> continued to put a great deal of effort into passenger cars in terms of research, manufacturing and selling. In June 1947, GHQ approved the production of up to 300 passenger cars under 1500 cc per year, so he started to work on passenger car production from this day officially. In October 1947, the first Japanese passenger car after the war, the SA model with an S engine, was released and was nicknamed "Toyopet." However, there were mainly two problems during this period.First, these passenger cars did not sell at all. This car was highly evaluated in the automobile industry at the time, but during that time, there were not many customs for the common people to buy a car for a drive. Therefore, the passenger car was sold only 197 units during the five years since it released, even though 12,7996 trucks were sold over the same period. Second problem was that the production facilities were not good. There were many machines that had been used for many years and were not well maintained, so Kiichiro was worried about whether the cars of Toyota Motor Corporation could beat foreign cars. Moreover, if Toyota Motor Company couldn't complete a car that would be better and cheaper than a foreign car in a few years and that Japanese people would be willing to buy, Kiichiro was thinking about working with a foreign car manufacturer. From the description, it is clear that Kiichiro aimed to make passenger cars for Japanese with cheap and high quality, and make Japanese happy.Dodge Line recession

Causes and influences
The automobile industry was hit hard by the recession caused by the 1949 Dodge Line. Toyota Motor Corporation slowed the collection of sales proceeds due to the effects of inflation control and the setting of a single exchange rate. The reason why the inflation broke out in Japan was that the Japanese government spent a great deal of money to support soldiers returning to Japan and withdrawals from overseas and then, increased currency. From the background, GHQ decided to set a single exchange rate of 360 yen per dollar to stabilize the Japanese economy. Due to the influence of recession, demand for automobiles declined furthermore. In addition, the price of materials for cars was risen, and cash management was deteriorated considerably. This was how the management of the company was deteriorated significantly.In response to this, <mask> went out to sell together with the executives and went to collect accounts receivable. Furthermore, he made his best effort to save money for materials, but there was a limit, and in the end, there was a deficit of 22 million yen every month. Due to Dodge Line recession, over 8000 companies went bankrupt during the year of 1949. Avoiding dismissal of employees
In August 1949, the company finally proposed to cut 10% of wages and cut retirement pay in half. As a result, the company promised not to dismiss employees, instead of accepting a 10% wage reduction. Under this circumstance, the other car companies laid down their workforce. For example, at Nihon Denso (currently Denso), which was established in December 1949, a labor dispute arose over personnel rearrangement.On March 31, 1950, four months after its establishment, Nihon Denso announced a company restructuring plan that included personnel reduction of 473 people. Under such situation, the reason why Kiichiro did not perform personnel reduction was that he experienced the employment problem at Toyota Industries Corporation during the Showa Depression in 1930, so decided that such a situation would never occur again. Moreover, the advance into the automobile business was also a measure to prevent the recurrence of employment problems due to business diversification. Therefore, He absolutely tried to avoid personnel reduction. Kiichiro visited the banks in the city every day to get finance account. After all, no financial institution provided the funds for company. However, Shotaro Kamiya, who was a managing director of sales, persistently requested the financing provision from Sogo Takanashi who was a branch manager of the Bank of Japan, Nagoya Branch.After that, finally, the syndicate consisting of 24 banks was established through the placement of the Bank of Japan. Toyota Motor Company could get 188.2 million yen in loans, subject to Toyota's reconstruction plan formulation. In this way, Kiichiro overcame the bankruptcy crisis of 1949. Labor dispute
Despite the strong promotion of management rationalization measures, the company's business performance never recovered. The reason is, on October 25, 1949, GHQ issued a "Memorandum on the total removal of restrictions on the production and sale of automobiles". As a result, the production and sale of automobiles became free in principle, but about the supply of production materials, the allocation and distribution system by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry remained, and the prices of materials and automobiles remained regulated. Moreover, while the controlled prices of materials were gradually raised thereafter, while the controlled prices of automobiles remained unchanged until April 1950, the profitability of the automobile business remained extremely difficult.Not only Toyota Motor Corporation but also Nissan Motor Corporation and Isuzu Motors Corporation deteriorated in business performance. For the four and a half months from November 16, 1949 to March 31, 1950, the loss was 76.52 million yen, so Toyota Labor Union judged that the personnel cut was inevitable, and a quasi-fighting system was established in March of the same year. Since then, labor-management negotiations have intensified into long-standing disputes. Under such tension, <mask>, who was originally hypertensive, became ill, so negotiations with the labor union were handled by the management army instead of Kiichiro. However, On April 22, 1950, the company announced that it would carry out 1,600 voluntary retirements to the labor union. On the other hand, since the company had promised not to lay off its personnel, the union naturally became furious and continued with extreme strikes. The strikes continued daily for about two months after the declaration, which caused production in April and May to drop 70% from its previous average.Since the company would be destroyed as it is, on June 5, 1950, <mask> announced that he would resign as the president to take on this series of responsibilities. By his retirement, the strike ended finally. Everyone was shocked by <mask>'s resignation, and the union also had a respect for Kiichiro. Retirement and death
After retiring from the president, he created a laboratory at his home in Okamoto, Setagaya, Tokyo, and worked every day to design a small helicopter. On March 27, 1952, <mask> died after suffering a fall resulting from a cerebral hemorrhage caused by chronic disease. He was 57 years old. Family tree

References

1894 births
1952 deaths
Japanese automotive pioneers
Kiichiro
Toyota people
University of Tokyo alumni
People from Aichi Prefecture
Japanese Buddhists
Japanese founders of automobile manufacturers
20th-century Japanese businesspeople

masks:
Sakichi Toyoda
Toyoda
Kiichiro Toyoda
Sakichi Toyoda
Kiichiro
Toyoda
Toyoda
Toyoda
Kiichiro
Toyoda
Toyoda
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Toyoda
Kiichiro
Toyoda
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Kiichiro
Toyoda


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<mask>Yehudit<mask>  (; born 1940) is an Israeli author. Biography
<mask> is the eldest daughter of Chana and Chaim Zissowitz, and has a brother and a sister. Her parents immigrated for Zionist reasons in the mid nineteen thirties, and were among the founders of the religious kibbutz of Be'erot Yitzhak. At the age of six, <mask> moved with her family to the moshava of Pardes Hanna, where she grew up. Her father was an activist for the Hapoel HaMizrachi national religious party, and served as vice chairman of the municipality and chairman of its employment office. <mask> studied preschool education at Tel Aviv's Talpiot College. She holds a Ba in preschool education and in education management from Bar-Ilan University.<mask> worked in preschool education for nearly four decades: first as a kindergarten teacher,

and later as a kindergarten teachers’ instructor, a kindergarten superintendent, and an executive member of the Central District at the Ministry of Education. In this capacity, she wrote and instituted curriculums for public and public-religious kindergartens. After her retirement in 2002, she embarked on her literary work. She wrote short stories that were published in Maariv, Yedioth Ahronoth, Ha'ir, and Makor Rishon. Her books, the short story anthology 'Who by fire', and the novel 'A Woman Like Her', were published by Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir. <mask> is married to Ben-<mask>, a former insurance professional, founder and first chairman of the Shomra insurance company, and today owner of a real estate firm. They resides in Petah Tikva.Weinstock is a mother of four: Yossi <mask>, former CEO of Shomra insurance company and now an entrepreneur;

Shai Kerem (Weinstock), a journalist and Dana International's manager-producer;

Alon <mask>, a documentary filmmaker;

and Tami <mask>, a nurse. Literary works
Who by fire, Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir, ed. Maya Dvash, 2011

An anthology of short stories tracing the lives of the figures comprising the tapestry of Israeli society in general, and of national-religious society in particular, set against life in the state of Israel during its founding, its formation, and up to the present-day of the second millennium. The stories are written from within present-day life, but look back to what was, and at dealing with the changes, cracks, and rifts that form and widen with time. Among other things, the book deals with couples, parent-child relationships, friendship, interaction between religious and secular people, mourning, troubled childhood experiences, relationships between old and new immigrants in the moshava, disparities in Israeli society, life in the settlements, and ideologies and their actualization. Ran Ben Nun, Yedioth Ahronoth:

“Who by fire… is a surprisingly interesting anthology, first because of the author's unique style: the sentences are brief and telegraphic, the phrases are creative and unusual, and the events too come from some unfamiliar twilight land, where everything happens differently, even love stories and relationships of the sort you’d expect to find in any literary genre. <mask>’s stories have a different flavor, which doesn’t suit every palate, but which is worth sampling, even a bit.”

A Woman Like Her, Kineret Zmora-Bitan, ed.Tamar Bialik, 2013

Nima Zissman is a charismatic spiritual leader who returns people to religion (teshuvah). One day she suddenly disappears, leaving behind many questions, rumors, and ever-multiplying doubts. The story is told in the first person by her girlhood friend Leah, who reads her journals; while also recounting girlhood friendship as a complex relationship with its ups and downs through the years. Through the journals, Zissman’s story is uncovered and shown in a different light, revealing added layers, secrets, missed opportunities, and a double life, all of which recasts Nima’s story. From Israel Hayom:

“The protagonist's unusual story serves Weinstock as a springboard for pointedly and ironically discussing the dilemmas of the national-religious world, caught as it is between the Orthodox and secular worlds; and allows her to review its complexities and weaknesses by discussing passion – not the commonest of concepts in this particular society. The achievement of A Woman Like Her lies in presenting the dilemmas of national-religious women accessibly, in a way that highlights the differences typical of their world together with their dilemmas.”

Carnivorous plants, Kineret Zmora-Bitan, ed. Also published in Makor Rishon

References

External links
 <mask> <mask> on Modern Hebrew Literature Lexicon website
 <mask> <mask> on Simania website
 <mask> <mask> on Kneller Artists Agency website

About Who by fire
 Tal Man, interview with <mask>, on Channel 2's Yetzira Mekomit
 Iris Kol, interview with <mask> about her new book A Woman Like Her: “It’s about a woman who made the wrong choice”, on radio 103FM, August 20, 2013
 Shiri Lev-Ari, “<mask> Weinstock: the new religious woman”, interview on Ynet website, August 14, 2013
 Uri Keidar, “<mask>nstock: ‘I’m no political writer’”, interview in Yedioth Petakh Tivka newspaper, October 25, 2013
 Riki Rath, review in Makor Rishon's Shabbat supplement, "In full", November 22, 2013.Also published in Ma'ariv
 “A woman like her”, on Text website, July 2013
 Neta-el Bendel, “Go for it: The week’s recommendations”, on Kipa website, July 28, 2013
 N. Halperin, O. Lachmanovitz & Y. Amir, Safrut Reshit Kri’a, in Israel Hayom, August 28, 2013

About All Have Been and Gone
 Who by fire and Gone on Google Books
 Who by fire and Gone on Text website

Israeli journalists
Israeli novelists
1940 births
Living people

masks:
Judith (
) Weinstock
Judith Weinstock
Judith
Weinstock
Weinstock
Judith Weinstock
Zion Weinstock
Weinstock
Weinstock
Pat Weinstock
Weinstock
Judith Yehudit
Weinstock
Judith Yehudit
Weinstock
Judith Yehudit
Weinstock
Judith Weinstock
Judith Weinstock
Judith
Judith Wei


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<mask>, <mask>, PC (born <mask>; 6 December 1928) is a British politician and former solicitor. A member of the Labour Party, he served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hackney Central from 1970 to 1983, and was a minister in the Labour governments of Prime Ministers Harold Wilson, James Callaghan and Tony Blair. He was European Commissioner in the Delors Commission (1985–1989). In 1990, he became a Life Peer as <mask>-Davis, of Hackney in the London Borough of Hackney, sitting on the Labour benches in the House of Lords until his retirement in 2018. He changed his name to <mask> by deed poll. Early life
Davis was born in Hackney on 6 December 1928, the only child of Jewish parents Sidney and Lilly Davis. He was educated at Hackney Downs School, Mercers' School, and King's College London, where he graduated in Law in 1950.He was admitted as a solicitor in 1953. Early career
Davis became interested in Labour politics from an early age. He joined the Labour Party at the age of 15, and formed the Labour Society at King's College London. He was a member of the executive council of the National Association of Labour Student Organisations (1948–50). In 1959, Davis was elected as a councillor for the London Borough of Hackney. He served as a councillor until 1971 and was Chairman of Social Services. He was Mayor of Hackney from 1968 to 1969.House of Commons
Davis first stood as Parliamentary candidate for the Conservative-held constituency of Portsmouth Langstone at the 1955 general election. He then contested the marginal constituency of Yarmouth at the 1959 and 1964 general elections; on all three occasions, he was unsuccessful. Davis was elected to the House of Commons at the 1970 general election as MP for Hackney Central. He served as MP for the constituency until 1983, when the constituency was abolished due to boundary changes. Davis' first ministerial post, which he held from 1974 until 1979, was as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Companies, Aviation and Shipping in the governments of Prime Ministers Harold Wilson and James Callaghan. Following the Conservative Party's victory in the 1979 general election, Davis remained on the Labour front bench as the Opposition Spokesman on Trade, Prices and Consumer Protection (1979–81) and Foreign Affairs (1981–83). He was also the first MP ever to ask Margaret Thatcher a question at Prime Minister’s Questions (on 22 May 1979).European Commission
In 1985, Davis was appointed to serve as European Commissioner alongside Lord Cockfield in the Delors Commission. He was the European Commissioner for Transport, the Environment and Nuclear Safety until 1989. In 1990, Clinton-Davis was awarded the Grand Cross Order of King Leopold II of Belgium for services to the European Community. Clinton-Davis was a member of the United Kingdom Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and Western European Union (1999–2001). House of Lords
Clinton-Davis was appointed to the House of Lords as a life peer on 8 May 1990, taking the title of Baron Clinton-Davis, of Hackney in the London Borough of Hackney. He was Opposition Spokesman for Transport (1990–97), Supporting Spokesperson for Trade and Industry (1990–96) and Foreign Affairs (1990–97). Following the Labour victory at the 1997 general election, Prime Minister Tony Blair decided to use the experience of a handful of former Labour ministers at the commencement of his New Labour project.Clinton-Davis was appointed as Minister of State for Trade, serving in the Department of Trade and Industry until 1998. Clinton-Davis was appointed and sworn in as a member of the Privy Council in 1998. He retired from the House of Lords on 10 January 2018. Other offices and honorary positions
Clinton-Davis has held a number of senior positions, including Chairman (1989–96) and later President (1996–97) of the British Refugee Council. Clinton-Davis was Chairman (1980–84, 1989–2001) and later President (2001) of the Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea (ACOPS). He was Vice-President of the Society of Labour Lawyers (from 1991 onwards), Vice-President of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health, Honorary Member of the Executive Council of Justice and President of the Association of Municipal Authorities. Clinton-Davis was also Chairman of the Packaging Standards Council (1993–97).From 1980 to 2011, Clinton-Davis was President of the British Airline Pilots Association (BALPA) and is now Honorary Life President. He was also President of the UK Pilots Association (Marine). Clinton-Davis was a member (1989–1998) and later Chairman (1999–2004) of the Sasakawa Environment Prize Selection Committee. The award later came under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Clinton-Davis is an honorary fellow of the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, a fellow of King's College London and an honorary fellow of Queen Mary University of London. Legal career
Clinton-Davis became a solicitor in November 1953 and was a founding partner of Clintons, becoming head of its Hackney branch, Clinton Davis & Co. He also worked as Consultant on European Law and Affairs for S. J. Berwin & Co (1989–97, 1998–2003).Jewish affairs
Clinton-Davis has spoken in Parliament on numerous occasions on issues affecting the Jewish community and Israel. He was Vice President of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism and has been a supporter of Labour Friends of Israel. He was an executive member of the Institute of Jewish Affairs (1993–97). He is a former director of The Jewish Chronicle and a former member of the Board of Deputies of British Jews. Personal life
In 1954, he married Frances Jane Lucas; they have a son and three daughters. Outside politics, his recreations are golf, Association football and reading biographical histories. Footnotes

References
Times Guide to the House of Commons, 1979

External links

1928 births
Living people
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Labour Friends of Israel
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
D
Clinton-Davis
British European Commissioners
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People educated at Hackney Downs School
People educated at Mercers' School
Alumni of King's College London
Fellows of King's College London
Jewish British politicians
European Commissioners 1985–1988

masks:
Stanley Clinton Davis
Baron Clinton Davis
Stanley Clinton Davis
Baron Clinton
Stanley Clinton Davis


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<mask> (18 February 1957 – 11 April 2020) was an IAS Officer of the 1979 batch. He belonged to the  Assam-Meghalaya Cadre. <mask> served as the Ambassador & Permanent Representative of India to UNESCO from 2010 to 2014, as well as Secretary to the Government of India, in the Ministry of Women and Child Development, and in the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resources Development. Education
<mask> studied at The Doon School and St. Stephen's College, Delhi. He had a postgraduate degree in Economics from the Delhi School of Economics. <mask> was the president of the Delhi School of Economics Students Union from 1977-78. Early career
<mask> taught economics at Ramjas College, Delhi University, before joining the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) in 1979.He was one of the youngest officers in his batch, having cleared the entrance exam in his first try itself. Allotted to the Assam-Meghalaya cadre, he served in the field through several postings, starting as a Sub Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in Barpeta and later became the District Magistrate when Barpeta became a district. Later he served  in the Assam Secretariat, in the Finance, Home and Political Departments. He was transferred to the Central Government to the Department of Economic Affairs (1986–90). Assigned to the Policy desk for the World Bank, <mask> was additionally entrusted with developing social sector projects and loans; and completed negotiations for India's first education loan (vocational education) in March 1990. In 1990, <mask> returned to Assam as Secretary, Finance Department. In May 1993, he was deputed to the Central Government, in the Ministry of Defence, as Director (International Cooperation).Oberoi was the nodal point for UN and international organizations on peacekeeping operations, measures for conventional disarmament, restraint on land mine usage, and restrictions on us of other laser weapons deemed to be excessively injurious. From 1996-2001, <mask> worked with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in India as the Chief (Industry and Technology), essentially with projects in the small scale sector, and in conjunction with the UNIDO on technology assimilation. In 2002, he was tasked with establishing and chairing the National Mission on Bamboo Applications. In this role, <mask> steered the development of non traditional products and promoted the manufacture, usage and applications in fields as diverse as engineered bamboo for structural applications, charcoal, activated carbon, and gasifiers to generate electricity and thermal energy. In 2007, <mask> returned to Meghalaya as Agriculture Production Commissioner. His efforts for this hill state were inevitably focused on horticulture, facilities to provide quality planting material, training technology services and aggregation support for commercialization, especially for key green-house based and high value crops. He was additionally assigned to the Border Areas, Urban Development, Public Health, Forest, and Sericulture departments.His instrumental role in the speedy establishment of the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Shillong was widely appreciated within the state and beyond. Ambassador and Permanent Representative of India to UNESCO
In 2010, <mask> was assigned as the Ambassador and Permanent Representative of India to UNESCO. <mask> served in this role with great distinction, and ensured the election of India to the major decision making bodies in different sectors, including to the Executive Board (2013-2017), the World Heritage Committee (2011-2015), the International Oceanographic Mission, and Intangible Cultural Heritage. In the Education sector, <mask> represented India on major discussions on the Post 2015 Agenda for Education, and coordinated the E9 group of countries, and the G77 and China as Chairperson. <mask> lent his expertise on World Heritage even after retirement. In 2019, he was appointed as an advisor to the Government of Rajasthan ahead of Jaipur's nomination to the World Heritage Committee—successfully securing the nomination of the city of Jaipur on the world heritage list . <mask> has also edited a book on World Heritage along with Shikha Jain, forthcoming in 2020.Secretary to the Government of India
In 2014, <mask> returned to New Delhi to serve as  Secretary, Women and Child Development from 2014-2015. Within the year, a slew of initiatives were developed, including the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Programme—a multi-faceted set initiatives to correct the child sex ratio and uplift the status and protection of women. The Juvenile Justice Bill (subsequently adopted) was steered to finalization, as was a programme for protection of child rights and elimination of child-trafficking. In 2015, <mask> was transferred to the Ministry of Human Resource Development, as Secretary, Higher Education. His term saw the launch of the National Institute Ranking Framework, and SWAYAM, across academic disciplines and stages of education. IMPRINT came into being, a pan IIT+ IISc joint initiative to address the major science and engineering challenges faced by the industry. Post Retirement
On 21 September 2017, <mask> was appointed as an Independent Director of the Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited.In April, it was announced that Mr. <mask> would also be the Chairperson of the seven member High Power Committee formed to examine the process of CBSE class examinations, with a view to prevent leakages. In 2018, <mask> joined Jio Institute as an advisor. He was also an advisor to various other institutions, including Pearl Academy, Apparel Export Promotion Council, the Indo-Bhutan Dialogue, the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme, the National Crafts Museum and more. Passion For The North East
Oberoi harbored a deep commitment to the North Eastern states of India, and worked for the development of the region even beyond his professional responsibilities. <mask> was the executive producer of "In The Forest Hangs A Bridge", a documentary film that tells the story of the making of a 1000 foot long suspension bridge made in the Damro Village of the Siang region in Arunachal Pradesh. The film won the Golden Lotus—Swarma Kamal" at the National Film Awards, 2000 for the best non-feature/documentary film of the year. After retirement, he combined his interest in photography and the West Kameng region of Arunachal Pradesh into a book, to be published by Roli books.In October 2018, Oberoi's photographs of the Monpa people of Arunachal Pradesh were also exhibited as part of the "‘Experiencing the North East" festival held at India International Centre, New Delhi. He was also the Chief Patron of the Motor Sports Club of Arunachal Pradesh, promoting the sport of motor rallying in North East India, and one of the founding members of the Siang Rush festival. References

1957 births
Indian civil servants
Indian Administrative Service officers
Delhi University alumni
The Doon School alumni
Delhi School of Economics alumni
Living people

masks:
Vinay Sheel Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
Oberoi
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Oberoi
Oberoi


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Dato' <mask>n Dr. <mask> (Jawi: مخريز بن محاضر; born 25 November 1964) is a Malaysian politician who twice served as the 11th and 13th Menteri Besar of Kedah from May 2013 to February 2016 and again from May 2018 to May 2020. He also served as the Deputy Minister of International Trade and Industry in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Ministers Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and Najib Razak as well as former Minister Mustapa Mohamed from March 2008 to May 2013. He has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Jerlun since May 2018, from March 2008 to May 2013 and Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Jitra since May 2018 as well as Ayer Hitam from May 2013 to May 2018. He is the third son of <mask>, the 4th, 7th and former Prime Minister of Malaysia. He has been a founding member and 1st President of the Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG) since party foundation in August 2020. He was a founding member, 1st Deputy President and State Chairman of Kedah of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) from party foundation in September 2016 to his membership termination in May 2020 and too, State Chairman of Kedah of its former coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH) opposition coalition. He was also a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, till he left the party with <mask> in 2016 to found BERSATU.He is one of the two Menteris Besar of Malaysia who represented two different political parties and coalitions. Business career and personal life
<mask> attended Sophia University, in Tokyo, where he received a bachelor's degree in business management (assumed in 1987). He later received another bachelor's degree in marketing after graduating from Boston University (assumed in 1989). <mask> has held various posts in several business firms, which include Opcom Holdings, Kosmo Tech as well as the Malaysian Franchise Association. He was also the executive director of Perdana Peace Global Organisation. He served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Malaysian cancer vaccine company, Bioven. <mask> married Yang Amat Berbahagia To' Puan Seri Utama Norzieta Zakaria on 14 November 1993, and together, they have four children.On 27 August 2020, <mask> admitted that it was his daughter and son-in-law who were recently arrested by the police for breaching the recovery movement control order (MCO) rules. On 28 August, <mask>'s daughter, Meera Alyanna Mukhriz, has apologised for breaching recovery movement-control order (RMCO) procedures by staying out past the 12pm closing time at an eatery. Political career

Pre-parliamentary career
In 2004, he won election to the executive council of UMNO's youth wing, by garnering the highest number of votes of any candidate. He was also seen as a potential candidate for being the deputy chief of UMNO Youth, but he later withdrew his candidacy. <mask> was noted for his continuous efforts in speaking for his father in the events of the rift between Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and his father. In 2006, his father lost a bid to be elected as one of seven delegates from Kubang Pasu to UMNO's general assembly; <mask> was elected as one of the seven. Federal parliamentarian (2008–2013)
In the 2008 Malaysian general election, <mask> contested and won the Jerlun Parliament Seat.Before this, he offered himself to contest in Langkawi Parliament Seat but was rejected by 85 out of 91 UMNO branches in Langkawi. However, many Langkawi leaders backed him later. The Jerlun UMNO division welcomed <mask> to contest in their Parliament seat and promised to give him full support in the election. In 2009, <mask> contested as a candidate for the new UMNO Youth Chief after the wing's predecessor, Datuk Seri Hishamuddin Hussein released his position. He was rivalled by Khairy Jamaluddin and Khir Toyo. Nominations for the posts coincided with division meetings which took place between October and November 2008. <mask> was initially seen as leading in nominations compared to Khairy but eventually lost in the final vote count.However, a controversy was sparked when Khairy was allowed to contest for the post even though he was found guilty for being involved with money politics by the UMNO Disciplinary Board, while others who were found guilty for the same offence, such as Mohd Ali Rustam who was supposed to contest for the UMNO Vice-President post, were not allowed to contest for their respective posts. However, Khairy denied the allegation, as stated in his blog. First term as Menteri Besar Kedah (2013–2016)
In the 2013 election, <mask> gave up his seat in federal parliament to contest the Kedah State Assembly seat of Ayer Hitam. The move was taken with a view to becoming the Chief Minister of Kedah if the Barisan Nasional coalition could defeat the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) state government led by Azizan Abdul Razak. <mask> won Ayer Hitam (defeating the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) incumbent), Barisan Nasional reclaimed the state government, and <mask> was sworn in as Chief Minister on 6 May, the day after the election, in the presence of his father. In January 2016, UMNO Kedah leaders, led by Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah, declare the loss of confidence towards <mask> due to "his inability to maintain a united party leadership". The move is widely believed to be a reprisal orchestrated by the Prime Minister Najib Razak's camp in UMNO, which was increasingly infuriated by <mask>'s and <mask>'s criticisms against Najib.He resigned on 3 February 2016 after losing the majority of support among the assemblymen. Ahmad Bashah, who is also the Bakar Bata assemblyman, succeeded him as the 12th Chief Minister of Kedah. Daughter of Mukhriz, Meera Alyanna Mukhriz expressed her gratitude to the rakyat of Kedah for giving her father a chance to serve the state and its people. <mask> was expelled from UMNO together with Muhyiddin Yassin in June 2016. Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (BERSATU) (2016-2020)
In August 2016, <mask> together with <mask> Mohamad, Muhyiddin Yassin, Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman, Kamarulazman Habibur Rahman, Anina Saadudin and Akhramsyah Sanusi formed Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (PPBM or BERSATU). <mask> was the Deputy President of BERSATU and the Chairman of Pakatan Harapan in Kedah. Second term as Menteri Besar Kedah (2018-2020)
In the 2018 general election, the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition led by new Prime Minister <mask> Mohamad, <mask>'s father, won 18 of the 36 state assembly seats.He took his oath of office before Kedah Sultan Tunku Sallehuddin Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah in a ceremony held in Istana Anak Bukit. On 22 January 2020, <mask> said starting the new year bringing in investments from China is a good sign for the state. He shake hands with Jin Yeuhua at a signing ceremony at Wisma Darul Aman. On 17 May 2020, he resigned as Chief Minister of Kedah mentioning he couldn't hold on to majority amongst his state assemblymen and thus relinquished his position as Chief Minister of Kedah.

masks:
Seri Utama Mukhriz bin Tu
Mahathir
Mahathir Mohamad
Mahathir
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mahathir
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mukhriz
Mahathir
Mukhriz
Mahathir
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Mukhriz


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<mask>. (born September 23, 1984) is an educational theorist, social scientist, and former educational administrator. <mask>'s early education was at Seventh-Day Adventist, historically black schools and institutions, and has written several articles about the history and state of the denomination. His areas of research includes higher education, the challenges in higher education administration programs, the university presidency, the faculty career cycle, and the leadership of historically black colleges and universities. He is a professor in the Department of Leadership and Counseling at the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho, the first African American male to be promoted to full professor in the university's history. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Camden, New Jersey, the third generation in his family to reside there, to Christian singers and musicians <mask> and <mask>. His grandmother was Mary Lewis, a community service advocate in the Adventist church. He attended Seventh-day Adventist Church schools from preschool to college, including Pine Forge Academy in Pennsylvania, an Adventist high school that is one of four historically black boarding college-preparatory academies, where he was a leader in singing and drama ministries, and Oakwood University in Huntsville, Alabama.While at Oakwood, <mask> founded the Progressive Black Caucus. <mask>'s early influences were gospel singer Tye Tribbett and actress Tasha Smith; he said that they helped him "see excellence in other ways". After shadowing the president of Oakwood, Delbert Baker, <mask> decided to go into field of higher education, with the goal of becoming a university president. He earned a master's degree in 2008 and a PhD in higher education administration in 2011 from Auburn University. Career and research
<mask>'s areas of research include higher education, the challenges in higher education administration programs, the university presidency, the faculty career cycle, and the leadership of historically black colleges and universities. In 2014, <mask> served as director of the Teaching and Learning Center at Tuskegee University. In 2016, he was named a certified online instructor by the Learning Resource Network.As of 2019, <mask> was a professor and instructor in the Department of Leadership and Counseling at the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho. Also in 2019, he served on the University of Idaho's presidential selection committee. In April 2019, <mask> was named to a three-year term on Auburn University's College of Educational National Alumni Council. He was the youngest member of the council. As an African American instructor at the University of Idaho, where 13 percent of its faculty are people of color, <mask> recognized that he was "often the first black professor that many of his students have had". <mask> has published numerous journal articles and was the lead editor of Advancing Higher Education as a Field of Study: In Quest of Doctoral Degree Guidelines (2014), which received the Auburn University Graduate School "Book of the Year" award in 2015. He founded and served as editor-in-chief of The Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education.He served on several academic journal editorial and review boards. In 2021, at the age of 36, <mask> became the first African American male to be promoted to full professorship in the history of the University of Idaho. <mask> was named the director of the University of Idaho's Black History Research Lab, which was founded in the fall of 2021. In late 2021, he was the first Black person to earn the Barbara Townsend Award from the Association for the Study of Higher Education, for his work focusing on higher education leadership preparation; he also gave, as part of earning the award, a keynote lecture at the association's annual conference. In 2022, he was named a visiting scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. <mask>'s theology and Christian beliefs were influenced by Maury Jackson, an Adventist theologian at La Sierra University. He stated that although "the cross unites all Adventist and Christian theology...it begins and ends at the cross".He also stated that one's culture and experience informs theology and beliefs. He called for more African American theologians trained at the doctoral level, as well as the development of a black Adventist theology. In 2019, he was researching the life and works of Owen Troy, the first Adventist of color to earn a doctorate in theology. <mask> is married to Lynda <mask>, an assistant professor at the University of Idaho medical school program. In 2019, they were working together on a book chapter about their experiences retaining their cultural heritage as black professors in a majority white university and rural community. Awards
 American Association of University Administrators’ Robert MacVitte Emerging Leader of the Year (2015)
 Auburn University Graduate School 2015 Auburn Authors Award (2015)
 National Pine Forge Academy Alumni Association Meritorious Award (2018)
 Auburn University's College of Education Outstanding Young Alumni Award (2020)
Idaho Business Review's Accomplished Under 40 Honoree Award (2020)

Selected publications

Journal articles
 <mask>, Jr., S.; Kochan, F. (2012). "The Academic Pathways to University Leadership: Presidents Descriptions of their Doctoral Education".International Journal of Doctoral Studies. 7: 93—124. _ (2012). "The Future of Higher Education Preparation: Implications for Policy and Practice". Journal of Education Policy. 1: 1–8. (2012) "The Role of Assessment and Accountability in Higher Education Doctoral Programs: A Presidential Perspective.International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation", 1: 1—13. <mask>, Jr., S. (2012) "The Future of Higher Education Preparation: Implications for Policy and Practice". Journal of Education Policy. 1: 1–8. <mask>, Jr. S.; Kochan, F. (2013). "University Presidents’ Perspectives of the Knowledge and Competencies Needed in 21st Century Higher Education Leadership. Journal of Educational Leadership in Action".1: 1—20. Wolfe, B.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2013). "A Case Administrator of Color: Insights and Policy Implications for Higher Education’s Predominantly White Institutions". eJournal of Education Policy. 1: 1—11. <mask>, Jr., S. (2014). "Strategies for Doctoral Students Who Desire to Become Higher Education Faculty Members: Implications for Practice.International". Journal of Doctoral Studies 9: 271–291. <mask>, Jr., S.; Gasman, M. (2014). "The Characteristics of Historically Black College and University Presidents and Their Role in Grooming the Next Generation of Leaders". Teachers College Record. 116: 1—34. Barnett, N. C.; <mask>, Jr., S.; <mask>, M. L. (2016)."Higher Education Graduate Programs at Minority Serving Institutions". Western Journal of Black Studies. 40 (3): 3—19. Card, K., Chambers, C.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2016) "Is there a Core Curricula across Higher Education Doctoral Programs". International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 11: 127–146. Findlay, H. J.; <mask>, Jr., S.; Findlay, H. E. (2016) "Generational and Fatal Leadership in a Time of Unprecedented Challenges and Changes". Journal of Higher Education Management.31 (1): 28–43. _ (2016). "Introducing the Journal for the Study of Postsecondary Education". Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education. 1: 1–8. <mask>, Jr.. S.; Diramio, D. (2016) "Elitism or Pragmatism? Faculty Hiring at Top Ranked in Higher Education Administration".Journal of the Professoriate. 8 (2): 94—127. <mask>, Jr., S.; Gasman, M.; Commodore, F.; Carter, C. (2016). "Leaders Wanted! : The Skills Expected and Needed for a Successful 21st Historically Black College and University Presidency". Journal of Black Studies. 6: 1—16.Hilton, A. A.; <mask>, Jr., S.; Lee, Jr., J. M. (2016) "The Governing Structures of State Supported Historically Black Colleges and Universities". Journal of HBCU Research + Culture, 1: 1—13. McGaskey, F.; <mask>, Jr. S.; Guyton, C.; Richmond, D.; Guyton, C. W. (2016). "The social support networks of black males in higher education administration doctoral programs: An exploratory study". Western Journal of Black Studies. 40 (2): 141–158.Chambers, C.R. ; <mask>, S., Jr. (2017). "From Margin to Center: Rethinking the Canon in Higher Education Graduate Programs". Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education. 2: 115–119. Forthun, G.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2017). "Community College Leadership Preparation Programs: A Review of the Literature".Community College Enterprise. 1: 14–26.

masks:
Sydney Freeman Jr
Freeman
Freeman
Sydney
Cassandra Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Murphy Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman


text_chunks:
 <mask>, Jr., S.; Kitchell, A.; Carr-Chellman, A. (2017). "The Negentropic Professor and the Online Curriculum". ELearn Magazine. Tomlinson, G.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2017)."Who Really Selected You? Insights into Faculty Selection Processes at Top-Ranked Higher Education Graduate Programs". Journal of Farther and Higher Education, pp. 1–13. Forthun, G.; <mask>, S., Jr. (2017). "Executive higher education doctoral programs in the United States: A demographic market-based analysis". Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology Education, 14: 1—19.<mask>, Jr., S. (March 28, 2017) "Moving into the New Trump Era: A Black Scholar’s Response". Berkeley Review in Education. _ (May 18, 2017). "Homework for White Leaders." Diverse Issues in Higher Education. 34 (8): 25. Douglas, T. M. O.; Lane-Bonds, D.; <mask>, Jr., S. (Summer 2017)."Voices from the Field: There is No Manual for University Presidents: An Interview with Andrea Luxton, President of Andrews University, on her leadership in response to the #ItIsTimeAU uprising on her campus". The Journal of Negro Education. 86 (3): 368–380. <mask>, Jr., S. (2018). "The Manuscript Dissertation: A Means of Increasing Competitive Edge for Tenure-Track Faculty Positions". International Journal of Doctoral Studies. 13 (1): 273–292.<mask>, Jr., S.; Bird, S. (2018). "Teaching Qualitative Research Online". Informing Faculty, 3 (1): 1—47. <mask>, Jr. S.; Louis, D. (2018). "A Critical Examination of the Role of Mentoring in the Development of Black Male Higher Education and Student Affairs Scholars". Journal of African American Males in Education. 9 (1): 19–39.Wheeler, E. M.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2018). "'Scholaring While Black': Discourses on Race, Gender, and the Tenure Track. Journal of the Professoriate". 9 (2): 57–86. Carr-Chellman, A.A.; <mask>, Jr.; S.; Kitchel, A. (2019). "Leadership for Negentropic online enterprise".Nueva Revista: de Politica, Cultura Y Arte. (Spain) 77 (274): 437–454. <mask>, S., Jr.; Krier, K.; Al-Asfour, A.; Thacker, R. (2019). "An Examination of the Barriers to Leadership for Faculty of Color at U.S. Universities". Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology. 16: 361–376.Thacker, R.; <mask>, Jr., S.; Campbell, D. (2019). "Setting a New Global Agenda: Learning from International Approaches to Higher Education Leadership Development". Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education 4: 299–306. Douglas, T.; <mask>, Jr., S.; Denham, A. (February 26, 2019). "The Three Hebrew Boys Revisited: Exploring Border-Crossing Brotha-ship in the Journeys of Three Tenured Black Male Seventh-day Adventist Professors". Religions.10 (142): 1—18. <mask>, Jr., S.; Kochan, F. (4 March 2019). "Exploring Mentoring across Gender, Race, and Generation in Higher Education: An Ethnographic Study. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education". 8 (1): 2—18. <mask>, Jr. S.; Forthun, G. (Spring 2019). "The Paucity of Asian-American Distinguished Professors and Endowed Chairs: Toward a More Racially Integrated System of Advancement in the Professoriate".eJournal of Education Policy. 1: 1-12. Carr-Chellman, A.; Kitchell, A.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2019). "Negentropy: Energy Creating tools for Organizational Development". Tech Trends. Jensen, D.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2019). "Stepping to Center Stage: The Rise of Higher Education as a Field of Study.Journal of Educational Foundations". 32 (1,2,3, & 4): 1-24. Palmer, R.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2019). "Examining Unsuccessful Leadership Practices for Presidents at HBCUs". Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 1-10. <mask>, Jr., S.; Forthun, G. (2019). "The Paucity of Asian-American Distinguished Professors and Endowed Chairs: Toward a More Racially Integrated System of Advancement in the Professoriate".eJournal of Education Policy. 1: 1-12. <mask>, Jr.; Palmer, R. (2020). "Successful Leadership Practices for Presidents at HBCUs". Journal of Underrepresented and Minority Progress. 4 (2): 211-232. Thacker, R.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2020)."The Importance of Stress Management for University Presidents". The William & Mary Educational Review. 7 (1): 46-70. <mask>, Jr., S., Karkouti, I.; Ward, K. (2020). "Thriving as a Departmental Chair: What are the Keys?" Higher Education, 79 (4): 1-19. <mask>, Jr., S.; Karkouti, I.; Douglas, T. (2020)."Avoiding Fake Degrees and Diploma Mills". Journal Adventist Education. 82 (1): 4-11. Al-Asfour, A.; <mask>, Jr. S. (2020). "Effective Strategies and Characteristics That Lead Native American Students to Complete Graduate Education". Educational Research: Theory and Practice 32 (1): 1-16.Chambers, C.; <mask>, Jr., S.  (2020). "To Be Young, Gifted, and Black: The Relationship between Age and Race in Earning Full Professorships". Review of Higher Education. 43 (3): 811–836. Al-Asfour, A., Keleher, J., & <mask>, Jr. S. (2021). "Preparation for the College and University Leadership before the Age of 40". The Journal of Research on the College President.5 (1): 19–35. McNaughton, J., Thacker, R., Eicke, D. & <mask>, Jr. S. (2021). "Committed to Their Craft: Understanding the Relationship between Job Crafting and Work Commitment among Faculty". Higher Education Quarterly, pp. 1–24. _ (2021). "Trust and Self-Determination: Understanding the Role of Faculty Empowerment and Job Satisfaction".Journal of Higher Education, pp. 1–24. Thacker, R. & <mask>, Jr. S. (2021). “'When I Show Up': Black Provosts at Predominantly White Institutions". Harvard Educational Review, 91 (2): 157–178. _ (2021). "Toward a Theory of the Study of Higher Education".Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education. 3 (1): pp. 67–89. McAvoy, J., <mask>, Jr., S., Kitchell, A., & Carr-Chellman, A. (2021). "Perceptions Versus Reality: First Year/Early Career Faculty Expectations and Experiences through the Lens of Negentropy". International Journal of Leadership Education.Edited books\periodicals
 <mask>, Jr., S.; Hagedorn, L.S. ; Goodchild, L., eds. (2014). Advancing Higher Education as a Field of Study: In Quest of Doctoral Degree Guidelines. Sterling, Virginia: Stylus Publishing. _ (2014). "Special Issue: Diverse Organizational Issues in Higher Education".Journal of Education Policy, Planning and Administration. _ (2014). "Special Issue: Emerging organizational Ussues in Higher Education". Journal of Higher Education Management. 29 (1). <mask>, Jr., S.; Chambers, C.; King, B. R. (2016). The Role of Institutional Research in Academic Program Development.Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Publishing. .
 Felder, P.; <mask>, Jr., S. (Summer 2017). Special Issue: Black Students in Doctoral Education". 40 (2). Western Journal of Black Studies. <mask>, Jr.. S. (November 19, 2017). "Special Issue: Shared Governance in Higher Education". Workplace: A Journal for Academic Labor.DOI: https://doi.org/10.14288/workplace.v0i29. <mask>, Jr., S.; Lee, J. M. (2018). "Successful Financial Models at HBCUs". In Davis, S.: & W. Kimbrough, W. (Eds.). Models of success: How Historically Black Colleges and Universities Survive the Recession, pp. 59-76.Information Age Publishing. <mask>, Jr., S. (2018). "Forward". In Hartlep, N. D. (Ed.) Asian/American Scholars of Education: 21st Century Pedagogies, Perspectives, and Experiences, pp. xv-xxi.Peter Lang Publishing. <mask>, Jr., S.; Kochan, F. (2020). "Mentoring across Race, Gender, and Generation in Higher Education: A Cross Cultural Analysis". In Irby, B. J.; Boswell, J; Searby, L.; Kochan, F.; Garza, R. (Eds.) International Handbook of Mentoring: Paradigms, Practices, Programs, and Possibilities, pp. 471-186.Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. <mask>, Jr., S.; Shaw, M. (2020). "Preparing for the Storm in Times of Peace: Strategies for Preparing Higher Education Presidents for Campus Racial Crises". In Douglas, T.M.O. ; Shockley, K.; Toldson, T. (Eds.) Campus Uprisings: Perspectives for Parents, Students, Faculty, Staff and Administrators on Race, Resistance, and Hope, pp.116-141. Teachers College Press. Felder, P. P.; Liggans, G.; Chirombo, F.; <mask>, Jr., S. (2020). "Programmatic Efforts and the Black Doctoral Experience: A Literature Review". In Felder, P.; Barker, M.; Gasman, M. (Eds.) SANKOFA: African American Perspectives on Race and Culture in the U.S. Doctoral Education, pp.41-60. SUNY Press. <mask>, Jr., S. (2020). "Prologue: A Tribute to Dr. Kochan, the Model Mentor". In Searby, L.; E. Reames, (Eds). The Art and Science of Mentoring: A Festschrift in Honor of Dr. Frances Kochan. Charlotte, North Carolina: Information Age Publishing.References

1984 births
Living people
American educational theorists
 Oakwood University

masks: Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman


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<mask> (October 2, 1912March 7, 1989) was an American professional wrestler and promoter, most famous for his work as an announcer and promoter for Houston Wrestling. He also spent several stints working with the Universal Wrestling Federation, World Class Championship Wrestling, Jim Crockett Promotions, and the World Wrestling Federation. <mask> was posthumously inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2021, as a part of the Legacy wing. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, on October 2, 1912. His family eventually moved from Brooklyn to nearby Long Beach, where <mask> graduated from Long Beach High School in 1929. A gifted athlete, he became a lifeguard at the Long Island beaches near his home, and he was skilled enough as a swimmer to place third in the North Atlantic Coast Lifeguard Competition in 1932. He was also credited with saving 130 or more lives from the water around New York.<mask> began wrestling professionally during the 1930s, his first notable match being a 90-minute bout against Pat Meehan in Calgary on November 25, 1938, which ended in a draw. Military service
With the outbreak of World War II, <mask> suspended his wrestling career to enlist in the United States Army. He graduated from officer candidate school in 1942 and earned a commission in the 121st Infantry Regiment of the 8th Infantry Division. <mask> deployed to Europe with his unit after the D-Day landings to take part in the offensive against Nazi Germany. As commanding officer of Company G, 1st Lt. <mask> led his rifle company in one of the bloodiest and most desperate battles of the war on the Western Front, the Battle of Hürtgen Forest. His unit took heavy casualties during the fighting, and <mask> himself was seriously injured by a German artillery shell, and for his service, <mask> was awarded numerous decorations, including the Purple Heart, the Silver Star with oak leaf clusters, the Bronze Star with oak leaf clusters, and the French Croix de Guerre with star. He also earned the prized Combat Infantryman Badge and the Distinguished Unit Citation, awarded to the soldiers of the 121st Infantry for their meritorious efforts in the Hürtgen Forest.After the war, he was honored with a Distinguished Citizens Award from the 121st Infantry Association for his outstanding community service with charitable groups including the Boys Club of America. <mask> authored a well-regarded memoir of his experiences in World War II entitled, Road to Huertgen: Forest in Hell. Houston Wrestling

After World War II, <mask> returned to wrestling, competing in matches across North America. In October 1947, <mask> suffered a broken leg in a car collision with a trailer truck en route from San Antonio, Texas to Corpus Christi, effectively forcing him to retire from in-ring competition. It was at this time that Houston Wrestling promoter Morris Sigel approached him to work for his growing Texas organization. <mask> became an advisor to Sigel as well as a radio announcer, and two years later became the promotion's first television commentator when the show debuted on local television. <mask>'s wrestling broadcasts remained a fixture on Houston television for over 30 years, airing on station KHTV channel 39 (now KIAH, a CW Network affiliate).After Sigel died in 1966 after a long illness, <mask> bought out Houston Wrestling from Sigel's widow. <mask> had essentially been training for this opportunity for 20 years, and he quickly brought the organization to new levels of success and visibility. Under <mask>'s leadership, Houston Wrestling quickly attained gained a reputation as one of the top regional wrestling promotions of its time. Promoters such as Gary Hart (World Class Championship Wrestling) and wrestlers such as Barry Darsow would repeatedly praise <mask>'s acumen and honesty as a promoter and businessman. <mask> is also credited with the invention of mud wrestling, a concept he devised for a major match between Gus Sonnenberg and Harnam Singh in Seattle, Washington. Together with his nephew Peter Birkholz, <mask> entered Houston Wrestling into affiliations with Mid South Wrestling, World Wrestling Federation, Universal Wrestling Federation, and World Class Championship Wrestling to ensure that top talent from all over the country would appear on his weekly Friday Night shows; he would offer his fans dream matches and one card would see Jack Brisco capture the NWA World Heavyweight Championship from Harley Race on July 20, 1973. As professional wrestling became a major entertainment business in the 1980s, most of Boesch's affiliates joined the National Wrestling Alliance.<mask> eventually shut down Houston Wrestling in favor of signing with Vince McMahon and the World Wrestling Federation, an affiliation that lasted only four months. After 55 years of working in the industry as a wrestler, announcer, and promoter, <mask> retired on August 28, 1987 due to health concerns. The now-WWE hosted the <mask> Retirement Show in Houston in his honor, which drew a sell-out crowd of 12,000 to the Sam Houston Coliseum. During the show, personal friend and then-Vice President George Bush had a telegram delivered praising <mask> for his lifelong commitment to service. Approximately a year later, he made a brief return and helped Jim Crockett promoting in Houston, and served as a figurehead NWA Board member, soon retiring. <mask> died on March 7, 1989, after suffering a heart attack in Sugar Land, Texas. He was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame as a charter member in 1996.He was inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2005 as a non-wrestler participant in the business. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2021 as a part of the Legacy wing. Legacy
<mask>'s contribution to the wrestling industry has been praised by numerous observers as well as by former wrestlers themselves. WWE commentator Jim Ross has publicly stated that he believes Boesch is worthy of enshrinement in the WWE Hall of Fame. The Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame states that "his influence in professional wrestling cannot be overestimated" due to his expansive promotion of the sport throughout Texas. Through his efforts, <mask> turned Houston into one of the top promotions on the regional wrestling circuit, and in addition to his professional accomplishments, <mask> was active in numerous philanthropic endeavors throughout his life. He was a highly visible fixture in the community during his many years in Houston, serving in charitable organizations like the Boys Club and promoting the benefits and necessity of physical fitness for America's youth.<mask>'s wife Valerie died on March 23, 2020. Bibliography
During his life, <mask> wrote four books:
 Road to Huertgen: Forest in Hell (1962), his story as a soldier in World War II. Much of Me in Each of These (1966), a book of poetry composed by <mask> himself. The Career of <mask>-- One Man, One Sport, One Lifetime-- 50 years on the mat (1981), an autobiography. Hey Boy- Where'd You Get Them Ears? (2001), a secondary autobiography including his later memoirs; he wrote it in 1988 and was published by his widow <mask>. <mask> was equally responsible for Whatever Happened to Gorgeous George?(1974), as the author Joe Jares quotes <mask> throughout and credits him for being open and accommodating during his research. Awards and accomplishments
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2012)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Editors' Award (1987)
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Class of 2005
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)
WWE
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2021)

Military decorations

References

External links
<mask> at the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Kayfabe Memories' review of <mask>'s book
<mask> at Wrestling-Titles.com

<mask> at Find a Grave

1912 births
1989 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
American male professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
People from Houston
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestling promoters
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
20th-century American male actors
People from Long Beach, New York
Long Beach High School (New York) alumni
WWE Hall of Fame Legacy inductees

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Paul Max Boesch
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Death Boesch
Paul Boesch
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Paul Boesch
Valerie Boesch
Boesch
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Paul Boesch
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Declan Patrick MacManus OBE (born 25 August 1954), known professionally as <mask>, is an English singer-songwriter and record producer. He has won multiple awards in his career, including Grammy Awards in 1999 and 2020, and has twice been nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist. In 2003, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked <mask> number 80 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. <mask> began his career as part of London's pub rock scene in the early 1970s and later became associated with the first wave of the British punk and new wave movement that emerged in the mid-to-late 1970s. His critically acclaimed debut album My Aim Is True was released in 1977. Shortly after recording it, he formed the Attractions as his backing band.His second album This Year's Model was released in 1978, and was ranked number 11 by Rolling Stone on its list of the best albums from 1967 to 1987. His third album Armed Forces was released in 1979, and features his highest-charting single, "Oliver's Army" (number 2 in the UK). His first three albums all appeared on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. <mask> and the Attractions toured and recorded together for the better part of a decade, though differences between them caused a split by 1986. Much of <mask>'s work since has been as a solo artist, though reunions with members of the Attractions have been credited to the group over the years. <mask>'s lyrics employ a wide vocabulary and frequent wordplay. His music has drawn on many diverse genres; one critic described him as a "pop encyclopaedia", able to "reinvent the past in his own image".Since 2002, his touring band (featuring a rotating cast of musicians) has been known as The Imposters. <mask> has co-written several original songs for films, including "God Give Me Strength" from Grace of My Heart (1996, with Burt Bacharach) and "The Scarlet Tide" from Cold Mountain (2003, with T-Bone Burnett). For the latter, <mask> was nominated (along with Burnett) for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. Early life
Declan Patrick MacManus was born on 25 August 1954 at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London, and is of Irish descent on his father's side. He is the son of Lilian Alda (née Ablett; 1927–2021) and Ross MacManus (1927–2011), a jazz trumpeter who sang with the Joe Loss Orchestra and who later performed as a solo cabaret act. MacManus senior had a hit in Australia (as <mask>) with his cover version of The Beatles' "The Long and Winding Road" in 1970. MacManus lived in Twickenham, attending both St. Edmund's Catholic Primary School in nearby Whitton, and then Archbishop Myers Secondary Modern R.C.School – which is now St Mark's Catholic School – in neighbouring Hounslow. In 1971, the 16-year-old MacManus moved with his mother to Birkenhead – not far from her home city of Liverpool – where he formed his first band, a folk duo called "Rusty", with Allan Mayes. After completing his education at St. Francis Xavier's College in Liverpool, MacManus worked at a number of office jobs to support himself, most famously at Elizabeth Arden, where he was employed as a data entry clerk. This is immortalised in the lyrics of "I'm Not Angry" as the "vanity factory". He also worked for a short period as a computer operator at the Midland Bank computer centre in Bootle. He moved back to London in 1974, where he formed a pub rock band called Flip City, who were active from 1974 until early 1976. <mask>'s first broadcast recording was with his father in a television commercial for R. White's Lemonade ("I'm a Secret Lemonade Drinker") which aired in 1974.His father sang the song, and <mask> sang backing vocals; the advertisement won a silver award at the 1974 International Advertising Festival. He continued to write songs and began looking for a solo recording contract. He was signed in 1976 to independent label Stiff Records on the basis of a demo tape. His manager at Stiff, Jake Riviera, suggested that the singer, then calling himself D.P<mask>, start using the first name <mask>. Career

1970s
<mask>'s first single for Stiff was "Less Than Zero", released on 25 March 1977. Four months later, his debut album, My Aim Is True (1977), was released to moderate commercial success (No.14 in the UK and, later, Top 40 in the US) with <mask> appearing on the cover in what became his trademark oversize glasses, bearing some resemblance to Buddy Holly. <mask> failed to chart with his early singles, which included  "Less Than Zero" and the ballad "Alison". Stiff's records were initially distributed only in the UK, which meant that <mask>'s first album and singles were available in the US as imports only. In an attempt to change this, <mask> was arrested for busking outside a London convention of CBS Records executives, protesting that no US record company had yet seen fit to release his records in the United States. <mask> signed to Columbia Records, CBS in the U.S., a few months later. The backing for <mask> Lewis and the News and the Doobie Brothers. <mask> released his first major hit single, "Watching the Detectives", which was recorded with Steve Nieve, Steve Goulding (drums) and Andrew Bodnar (bass)—the latter two being members of Graham Parker's backing band the Rumour.The song, added to the U.S. version of My Aim Is True, contains scathing verses about the vicarious enjoyment of TV violence over a reggae beat. Later in 1977, <mask> formed his own permanent backing band, the Attractions, consisting of Steve Nieve (piano), Bruce Thomas (bass guitar), and Pete Thomas (drums; no relation to Bruce Thomas). On 17 December 1977, <mask> and the Attractions, as a replacement act for the Sex Pistols, were scheduled to play "Less Than Zero" on Saturday Night Live; however, in imitation of a rebellious act by Jimi Hendrix on a BBC show, <mask> stopped the song mid-intro, yelling "Stop! Stop!" to his band, and played "Radio Radio" instead – a song that criticises the commercialisation of the airwaves, which NBC and Lorne Michaels had forbidden them to play. <mask> was subsequently banned from the show (the ban was lifted in 1989) and he received considerable attention as an angry young man. His insistence on performing "Radio Radio" on SNL proved a boon to his debut album, and its popularity exploded in the U.S. after the performance.Following a tour with other Stiff artists – captured on the Live Stiffs Live album, which includes <mask>'s version of the Burt Bacharach/Hal David standard "I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself" – the band recorded This Year's Model (1978). Some of the more popular tracks include the British hit "(I Don't Want to Go to) Chelsea" and "Pump It Up". His U.S. record company saw <mask> as such a priority that his last name replaced the word Columbia on the label of the disc's original pressing. The Attractions' first tour of Australia in December 1978 was notable for a controversial performance at Sydney's Regent Theatre when, angered by the group's failure to perform an encore after their brief 35-minute set, audience members destroyed some of the seating. By the end of the 1970s <mask> was firmly established as both performer and songwriter, with Linda Ronstadt and Dave Edmunds having success with his compositions. A tour of the U.S. and Canada also saw the release of the much-bootlegged Canadian promo-only Live at the El Mocambo, recorded at a Toronto rock club, which finally saw an official release as part of the 2½ Years box set in 1993. In 1979, he released his third album Armed Forces (originally to have been titled Emotional Fascism, a phrase that appeared on the album's inner sleeve).American editions included a 45rpm EP recorded live at the Hollywood High School Gymnasium in Hollywood in 1978. Both the album and the single "Oliver's Army" went to No. 2 in the UK, and the opening track "Accidents Will Happen" gained wide television exposure thanks to its innovative animated music video, directed by Annabel Jankel and Rocky Morton. <mask> also found time in 1979 to produce the debut album of the 2 Tone ska revival band the Specials and worked as a backing vocalist on This Is Your Life, an album by new wave band Twist. <mask>'s standing in the U.S. was bruised for a time when in March 1979, during a drunken argument with Stephen Stills and Bonnie Bramlett at a Holiday Inn bar in Columbus, Ohio, the singer referred to James Brown as a "jive-ass nigger", then upped the ante by pronouncing Ray Charles a "blind, ignorant nigger". <mask> addressed the controversy at a New York City press conference a few days later, stating that he had been drunk and had been attempting to be obnoxious to bring the conversation to a swift conclusion, not anticipating that Bramlett would bring his comments to the press. According to <mask>, "it became necessary for me to outrage these people with about the most obnoxious and offensive remarks that I could muster."In his liner notes for the expanded version of Get Happy!! <mask> writes that some time after the incident he had declined an offer to meet Charles out of guilt and embarrassment, though Charles himself had forgiven <mask>, saying "Drunken talk isn't meant to be printed in the paper." <mask> worked extensively in Britain's Rock Against Racism campaign both before and after the incident. In an interview with Questlove (drummer for the Roots, whom <mask> collaborated with in 2013), he stated: "It's upsetting because I can't explain how I even got to think you could be funny about something like that", and further elaborating with, "I'm sorry. You know? It's about time I said it out loud." <mask> is also an avid country music fan and has cited George Jones as his favourite country singer.In 1977, he appeared on Jones' duet album My Very Special Guests, contributing "Stranger in the House", which they later performed together on an HBO special dedicated to Jones. 1980s
The soul-infused Get Happy!! was the first of <mask>'s many experiments with genres beyond those with which he is ordinarily associated. It also marked a distinct change in mood from the angry, frustrated tone of his first three albums to a more upbeat, happy manner. The single, "I Can't Stand Up for Falling Down" was an old Sam and Dave song (though <mask> increased the tempo considerably). Lyrically, the songs are full of <mask>'s signature word play, to the point that he later felt he had become something of a self-parody and toned it down on later releases; he has mockingly described himself in interviews as "rock and roll's Scrabble champion". His only 1980 appearance in North America was at the Heatwave festival in August near Toronto.In January 1981, <mask> released Trust amidst growing tensions within the Attractions, particularly between Bruce and Pete Thomas. In the U.S., the single "Watch Your Step" was released and played live on Tom Snyder's Tomorrow show, and received airplay on FM rock radio. In the UK, the single "Clubland" scraped the lower reaches of the charts; follow-up single "From a Whisper to a Scream" (a duet with Glenn Tilbrook of Squeeze) became the first <mask> single in over four years to completely miss the charts. <mask> also co-produced Squeeze's popular 1981 album East Side Story (with Roger Bechirian) and performed backing vocals on the group's hit "Tempted". October saw the release of Almost Blue, an album of country music cover songs written by the likes of Hank Williams ("Why Don't You Love Me (Like You Used to Do? )"), Merle Haggard ("Tonight the Bottle Let Me Down") and Gram Parsons ("How Much I Lied"). The album, which received mixed reviews, was a tribute to the country music that <mask> had grown up listening to, especially George Jones.The first pressings of the record in the UK bore a sticker with the message: "WARNING: This album contains country & western music and may cause a radical reaction in narrow minded listeners." Almost Blue did spawn a surprise UK hit single in a version of George Jones' "Good Year for the Roses" (written by Jerry Chesnut), which reached No. 6. Imperial Bedroom (1982) had a much darker sound, due in part to the lavish production of Geoff Emerick, famed for engineering several Beatles records. It remains one of his most critically acclaimed records, but again it failed to produce any hit singles—"You Little Fool" and the critically acclaimed "Man Out of Time" both failed to reach the Top 40 in the UK. <mask> has said he disliked the marketing pitch for the album. Imperial Bedroom also features <mask>'s song "Almost Blue", inspired by the music of jazz singer and trumpeter Chet Baker, who would later perform and record a version of the song (on Chet Baker in Tokyo).In 1983, he released Punch the Clock, featuring female backing vocal duo (Afrodiziak) and a four-piece horn section (the TKO Horns), alongside the Attractions. Clive Langer (who co-produced with Alan Winstanley), provided <mask> with a melody which eventually became "Shipbuilding", which featured a trumpet solo by Baker. Prior to the release of <mask>'s own version, a version of the song was a minor UK hit for former Soft Machine founder Robert Wyatt. Under the pseudonym The Imposter, <mask> released "Pills and Soap", an attack on the changes in British society brought on by Thatcherism, released to coincide with the run-up to the 1983 UK general election. Punch the Clock also generated an international hit in the single "Everyday I Write the Book", aided by a music video featuring lookalikes of the Prince Charles and Princess Diana undergoing domestic strife in a suburban home. The song became <mask>'s first Top 40 hit single in the U.S. Also in the same year, <mask> provided vocals on a version of the Madness song "Tomorrow's Just Another Day" released as a B-side. Tensions within the band – notably between <mask> and bassist Bruce Thomas – were beginning to tell, and <mask> announced his retirement and the break-up of the group shortly before they were to record Goodbye Cruel World (1984).<mask> would later say of this record that they had "got it as wrong as you can in terms of the execution". The record was poorly received upon its initial release; the liner notes to the 1995 Rykodisc re-release, penned by <mask>, begin with the words "Congratulations! You've just purchased our worst album". <mask>'s retirement, although short-lived, was accompanied by two compilations, <mask>: The Man in the UK, Europe and Australia, and The Best of <mask> & The Attractions in the U.S. In 1985, he appeared in the Live Aid benefit concert in England, singing the Beatles' "All You Need Is Love" as a solo artist. (The event was overrunning and <mask> was asked to "ditch the band".) <mask> introduced the song as an "old northern English folk song", and the audience was invited to sing the chorus.In the same year <mask> teamed up with friend T-Bone Burnett for the single "The People's Limousine" under the moniker of The Coward Brothers. That year, <mask> also produced Rum Sodomy & the Lash for the Irish punk/folk band the Pogues. 1985 also saw <mask> appear in the Alan Bleasdale film No Surrender, playing a small role as a very bad stage magician hired to perform at a seedy Liverpool night club on a bleak New Year's Eve. Growing antipathy between <mask> and Bruce Thomas contributed to the Attractions' first split in 1986 when <mask> was preparing to make a comeback. Working in the U.S. with Burnett, a band containing a number of <mask>'s sidemen (including James Burton and Jerry Scheff), and minor input from the Attractions, he produced King of America, an acoustic guitar-driven album with a country sound. It was billed as performed by "The Costello Show featuring the Attractions and Confederates" in the UK and Europe and "The Costello Show featuring <mask>" in North America. Around this time he legally changed his name back to Declan MacManus, adding Aloysius as an extra middle name.<mask> retooled his upcoming tour to allow for multiple nights in each city, playing one night with the Confederates, one night with the Attractions, and one night solo acoustic. In May 1986, he performed at Self Aid, a benefit concert held in Dublin that focused on the chronic unemployment which was widespread in Ireland at that time. Later that year, <mask> returned to the studio with the Attractions and recorded Blood and Chocolate, which was lauded for a post-punk fervour not heard since 1978's This Year's Model. It also marked the return of producer Nick Lowe, who had produced <mask>'s first

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