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<mask> (31 May 1911 – 3 February 1996) was a British artist, "the father of Art Therapy in Britain", and the creator of the Adamson Collection. Early years: Sale, Tunbridge Wells, Fleet Street, WW2 (1911–1945)

<mask> was born in 1911 at Sale, near Manchester, in Cheshire. He had two brothers. Later his family moved to Tunbridge Wells in Kent. They were well off, successful in manufacturing. This gave <mask> some financial independence to achieve all he did during his life. He received a degree in Fine Art from Bromley School of Art in London (now part of  Ravensbourne College).Subsequently, he trained and qualified as a chiropodist, at his parents' behest as they wanted him to have 'a proper profession', concerned about his livelihood as an artist. He probably only saw a few patients – though his brass plate is in the Edward Adamson Archive at the Wellcome Library: 'E.J.Adamson. M.B.A.Ch. Chiropodist' (a gift from his parents, but never hung). Then Adamson returned to a career in art, working as a graphic artist at a Fleet Street advertising agency for the rest of the 1930s, while doing his own drawings and paintings, which he exhibited in both London and Paris. During World War II, he was a conscientious objector, serving as a medical orderly in the Royal Army Medical Corps, the Army happy to have him as a qualified chiropodist. He became interested in helping long-term hospital patients pass the time.Netherne and Hollywood Road

Art and research at Netherne (1946–1951)

After the War, he volunteered to work with Adrian Hill, an artist who had coined the term "Art Therapy" in 1942 while a patient in tuberculosis sanatoria, teaching drawing and painting to his fellow patients, and, later, to hospitalised soldiers. At the time Adamson met him, Hill was working with the Red Cross Picture Library to loan and lecture on reproductions of paintings to patients in British hospitals to enhance their recovery. <mask> was in the group who first brought this programme to a long-stay mental hospital - Netherne Hospital, Surrey – in 1946. During his early visits to Netherne, Adamson was given several drawings by a man on a locked ward - JJ Beegan - made with the only materials he had, char from burnt matches and toilet paper. These objects were the first collected by Adamson, and the start of the Adamson Collection. The Medical Superintendent, the psychiatrist Eric Cunningham Dax (1908 - 2008), was impressed by Adamson's rapport at his lectures with the people who were compelled to live at Netherne. Dax asked him to facilitate a new research art studio at Netherne, to investigate the role of art in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorder - a project maybe of its time.This project was the post-war continuation of the 1930s research at the Maudsley Hospital on art and psychosis (and mescaline) by the psychiatrists Eric Guttmann (1896–1948), Walter Maclay (1902–1964) and Francis Reitman (1905–1955) – the latter was Head of Clinical Research at Netherne from 1945. The research art sessions were run single-handedly by <mask> from 1946 to 1950, and, according to Robertson, 689 people painted with Adamson in this period. Robertson does not report how many works were created in this period, only referring to

"The number of paintings per patient showed extreme variation. It seemed that the most standard comparison could be attained by confining attention to the first 10 pictures of the 215 patients who had painted at least that number". It may be reasonable to infer that at least 3000 paintings were created. In early 2013, several small ceramics, with '1948' written on their base, were found in storage. It had not been known Adamson was encouraging people to work with clay at this time.The people painted in "experimental and reproducible conditions": everyone had identical easels, with the same materials available, and even the same size sheets of paper (22 by 18 inches, 55 cm by 45 cm). Adamson was to provide only minimal technical advice. Initially Adamson worked inside the hospital in a committee room with up to forty patients at once, conducting at first two sessions, and, later, four per week. Another early location was a shower room, chosen by the nursing staff to be easy to clean afterwards. By 1948, when he was employed full-time, a studio was built in the hospital grounds for Adamson's own use. This building was a converted army hut, 48 feet (15 metres) by 16 feet (5 metres), and able to accommodate twenty people 'with comfort'. From 1948, Adamson also saw, for two hours each morning, a group of women, on a ward of the main hospital, most of whom had the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and who had all lived in Netherne for many years.In 1950, Dax lectured on and showed paintings from the early Netherne sessions (alongside works from 45 collections, including from five other British mental hospitals) at the influential "International Exhibition of Psychopathological Art", held at the Sainte-Anne Hospital in Paris during the First World Congress of Psychiatry. Dax describes the Sainte-Anne show at as "probably the second most important event in the history of psychiatric art, the first being the collection of pictures by Prinzhorn from Heidelberg and his 1922 publication "The Prinzhorn Collection" (Dax is referring to Prinzhorn's highly influential book, " Artistry of the Mentally Ill: a contribution to the psychology and psychopathology of configuration") One critic wrote, 'The parallels between the works of patients and the art of 20th Century painters - expressionists, surrealists, and certain pure abstract painters - is established without a doubt'. Reitman drew heavily on the findings from these art sessions, and used works which are now in the Adamson Collection, for his 1950 book, "Psychotic Art": though Adamson is mentioned in the acknowledgments, Reitman writes little on Adamson's contribution. Dax published his full account of the results in 1953 in "Experimental Studies in Psychiatric Art": Adamson only warranting a single mention by name:

"In 1946, an artist, Mr E.J<mask> was engaged for 2 sessions weekly in the reception hospital,
 then for half time, and since 1948 he has been appointed on a full-time basis. His experience
 was that of a commercial artist who was lecturing in both sanatoria and mental hospitals. He had
 not been analysed nor did he have any special knowledge of psychology, but he was particularly
 interested in the evolution of artistic products, and the use of art activities in the treatment of
 the psychiatric illnesses" (p19-20).Dax left Netherne in 1951 to move to Australia in 1952, taking "a few pictures and tapestries (20, according to Dr Eugen Koh, former Director, Dax Centre) from Netherne shown at the 1950 exhibition [the "International Exhibition of Psychopathological Art"], and these formed the basis of the (Dax) collection", p3. The Dax Collection is housed at the Dax Centre at the University of Melbourne (Dax Centre), which holds 'over 15,000 creative works on paper, paintings, ceramics, and textiles created by people who have experienced mental illness or psychological trauma' - and is now under the director Charmaine Smith. Art and healing at Netherne (1951–1981)

Adamson continued working at Netherne until his retirement in 1981, enabling and encouraging hundreds of people to express themselves through art. Out of the 1946-1950 quasi-scientific 'experiments', Adamson established an open art studio, allowing people to come and paint freely: a radical act when those detained in the 'asylums' were living in bleak conditions, profoundly excluded from society, with minimum dignity, autonomy or even personal possessions. By 1970 he had 5 studios (including the army hut) in the grounds at Netherne, with a gallery for the Adamson Collection (see below), which at that time contained an estimated 60,000 works: he kept all the paintings, drawings, ceramics and sculptures created in the studios. Adamson was more widely involved across the hospital, from having the courage of having endless corridor walls  painted primrose yellow to designing costumes for the annual pantomime, a key feature of asylum life in Britain at the time. Among the artists he encouraged at Netherne were the painter William Kurelek (1927–1977), the sculptor Rolanda Polonska (1923-1996 - Rolanda preferred Polonska, the Polish feminine spelling of her surname, but she is also known as Polonski and Polonsky), for both of whom he secured studios in disused rooms in the hospital; and the illustrator and engraver George Buday (1907–1990), for whom Adamson took over a summerhouse in the grounds of Netherne for his printing press.Kurelek came to Netherne from the Maudsley in November 1953 to work with <mask> for 14 months. He gave the Adamson Collection three major paintings created while he was at Netherne: "Where Am I? Who Am I? Why Am I? ", "I Spit On Life", and "The Ball of Twine and Other Nonsense". About the last, completed shortly before he left hospital, Kurelek said,

 "I have never really been mad. I was only fooling.I had you all on the end of a piece of string all the time!" Polonska had been an artist before the onset of schizophrenia, but when Adamson first met her, she was scrubbing the hospital floors. For Polonska to practise her sculpture, Adamson had to persuade the hospital authorities to lift the restrictions on 'potential offensive weapons in the hands of mental patients' so she could have a hammer and chisel. In 1971 the Arts Council of Great Britain released a short film, "Rolanda Polonsky, Sculptor". Polonska is filmed at Netherne, where she had already been living for 24 years, 'talking about her work, and the meanings that it has for her. Her art is deeply religious and personal, and she uses Christian themes in a refreshing and idiosyncratic way'. The film features, among other works, her masterpiece Stations of the Cross, which are in the Collection (along with several other sculptures and about 2000 sketches and drawings) but are still the original plaster casts, funding never found to cast them in bronze.<mask> met his long-term partner and collaborator, the teacher and writer John Timlin (1930-2020), in 1953 at Timlin's production of Kenneth Woollard's play "Morning Departure" (1948). Timlin was working with 'emotionally disturbed' children in East London, and subsequently contacted Adamson about a series of drawings of apples by a boy, Tommy, who he was working with. Adamson visited the school, and met the children and looked at their paintings. <mask> and Timlin then worked together until <mask>'s death. They wrote and lectured on art and mental health, and exhibited the Adamson Collection across the world, including Europe, Japan, Canada and the United States. By the mid 1970s, Adamson moved into the Studios, Hollywood Road, London. A pair of artists studios, Adamson lived in one and saw patients in the other - particularly after his retirement from Netherne in 1981 - until 1996.Hollywood Road remained at the centre of the Adamson Collection and Adamson Collection Trust until John Timlin died at there on the morning of 11 September 2020. In 2012 Wellcome Collection relocated documents, photographs, notebooks and other material to become the Edward Adamson Archive at Wellcome  Edward Adamson Archive. Art therapy in the UK

<mask> was the first artist employed in the National Health Service. He commenced work in 1946 at Netherne Hospital at an annual salary of just £1000. This was never subsequently increased in line with inflation. The reason given was that his post was not officially recognised at the time, and it was "not on the establishment". A Charitable Trust – 'The Mrs Smith Trust', under the patronage of Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt – offered to increase his salary, and provide facilities to maintain and store the Collection at Netherne.This request was turned down by the hospital authorities, saying <mask>'s salary would then "exceed that of the doctors" (as documented in correspondence in the Edward Adamson Archive at the Wellcome Library). <mask> was obliged to make up the financial difference himself, and so he kept art therapy alive until it was later officially recognised by the NHS, and prevented it from being subsumed under Occupational Therapy. The emerging field of art therapy was thereby protected by means of <mask>'s professional and financial efforts. He was involved from the late 1940s in the discussions and working groups that eventually led to the British Association of Art Therapists (BAAT) in 1964, of which he was a founder member and, briefly, its first Chair. From 1969 and through the early 1970s, he was Head of the first British Art Therapy training

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 programme, at St. Albans School of Art (the School was later renamed the Hertfordshire College of Art and Design, and then amalgamated with the University of Hertfordshire in 1992: art therapy training continuing in the University's School of Creative Arts, and still generally known as the St Albans' course). First Move: After Netherne, Ashton. 'Art as Healing' and Outsider Art (1981–1996)

After his retirement, <mask> opened a gallery on Miriam Rothschild (1908–2005)'s Ashton Wold estate in 1983, where the Adamson Collection was held until 1997.Rothschild was a friend and supporter of <mask> and Timlin, and a Trustee and subsequently Patron of the Adamson Collection Trust. The Adamson Collection Trust had been established in 1978 to promote research into Art Therapy, Adamson's work and the Collection. Timlin was Chair from 1978 to 2005, and David O'Flynn (b. 1960), a psychiatrist at Lambeth Hospital (a Trustee since 1998) has been Chair since. <mask> was the Collection's Curator until his death. In 1984, <mask> and Timlin published their book on <mask>'s work and the Collection, "Art as Healing", with the introduction by the psychiatrist and Jungian analyst Anthony Stevens, and with images of 116 objects and the personal stories behind them (including a chapter on the Apple pictures that brought <mask> and Timlin together). It was published in the UK and USA, and reprinted in 1990."Art as Healing" won the UK mental health charity Mind's 'Book Of The Year Award' in 1985. Though <mask> eschewed affiliation with psychological ideologies or organisations, "Art as Healing" has a Jungian spirit. He and Timlin had been regular visitors to Withymead, the Jungian art community led by Irene and Gilbert Champernowne from its founding in 1942 to its closure in 1967; and later to Stanton, where Irene Champernowne and some of the Withymead staff moved after Withymead's demise with the intention of continuing with their work. Timlin had a cottage in Stanton, where he and <mask> would be most weekends. They were friends and associates with the group of British Jungians who are known as the 'Zurich classical school', as they were almost all trained at the C. G. Jung Institute in Zürich, and emphasised archetypal imagery and its amplification, rather than transference, object relations and early child development. In 1982, they split from their colleagues to establish the Independent Group of Analytical Psychologists (IGAP). Both Timlin and O'Flynn analysed with members of this group: Timlin with Anthony Stevens (b.1933) and Molly Tuby (1917–2011); O'Flynn with <mask> (1930–2010), an influential art therapist, a friend of <mask> and Timlin, on the staff at Withymead and Stanton, and a founder member of the BAAT in 1964 and its Chairman from 1971 to 75. <mask>'s importance in the history of British art therapy  is widely accepted. However, his point of view differed from art therapists who were psychoanalytically oriented, and in later life, he seemed more at home with those interested in outsider art, the spontaneous creations of  untrained artists. He was a close friend of Rebecca Alban Hoffberger, and involved as she created the American Visionary Arts Museum (AVAM) in Baltimore. Hoffberger came to London to meet <mask> after reading 'Art as Healing'. <mask> and Timlin attended AVAM's inauguration in 1995, and donated Kurelek's "Where am I? Who Am I?Why Am I? ", Timlin's Apple pictures, along with other works to the museum. Hoffberger describes <mask> as 'renowned for his gentle nature as the British  Buddha' in the celebratory catalogue. In 1996, after <mask>'s death, Timlin gave <mask>'s library to AVAM. Death

In November 1995 <mask> was advised privately that he was to be awarded the MBE for his services to mental health but he died before this was formally bestowed upon him. He died at his London home, the Studios, Hollywood Road in West Brompton, on 3 February 1996, aged 84. His ashes were interred at the Ashton Chapel (c 1706) on the Ashton Wold estate.The Adamson Collection

The Adamson Collection is a body of work of international and historical importance, which has been exhibited nationally and internationally, and received wide media coverage. Adamson showed the Collection as early as 1947 in group shows of - to use a term from the time - 'psychiatric art'. In 1950, the "International Exhibition of Psychopathological Art" of '2000 works by 63 people from 17 countries' - including several paintings from the first Adamson studio - was held at the Sainte-Anne Hospital in Paris, during the First World Congress of Psychiatry, and 'helped create a climate of acceptance for work of the mentally ill' (p67). Works were included in three influential exhibitions held 'to promote the public awareness of art therapy' between 1955 and 1968. The sub-titles of all these three surveys - particularly 1968's - speak of the attitudes of the time

 The first two were at the Institute of Contemporary Arts:

 * in 1955, "Aspects of Schizophrenic Art: an exhibition of work by patients in mental hospitals", with 27 out of the 94 paintings shown from the Adamson Collection, curated by the psychiatrist G.M. Carstairs, and the catalogue introduction by the art critic  Herbert Read, who had founded and led the ICA with Roland Penrose: the two were the leading proponents of Surrealism in the UK;

 * in 1964, "Art as Communication: an exhibition of paintings made in art therapy departments of psychiatric hospitals and clinics";

 * in 1968, at the Commonwealth Institute: "Art and Mental Health: an exhibition of paintings, clay models and ceramics by psychiatric and subnormal patients and maladjusted children". When <mask> retired from Netherne in 1981, he estimated there were 100,000 objects - paintings, drawings, sculptures and ceramics - in the Collection.The Netherne gallery had been opened in 1956, and was being visited by 3500 people a year by 1981, when it was closed on <mask>'s retirement. Among them was Hazel Guggenheim (1903–1995), Peggy Guggenheim's sister. Timlin recalls

"Hazel was immaculately dressed and met the patients. She wore some fashionable red satin and diamanté, high heel shoes which a patient admired. Hazel sent them to <mask> after her visit to present to the patient". In 1981 about 6000 of the objects, by over a hundred people, were taken to Ashton Wold (with a further 150 added after his retirement as he continued to see people at the Hollywood Road studio until 1995). They were chosen by <mask> and Rudolf Freudenberg (a senior psychiatrist and Medical Superintendent at Netherne) for "both artistic and psychiatric interest".The Ashton gallery opened to the public in 1983. When <mask> and Timlin returned to Netherne later to move the rest of the Collection, it had disappeared, probably destroyed as considered by the hospital authorities to be of no value. A Police investigation never established their fate. In 1984, when the Adamson Collection was exhibited as "Selections from the <mask> Adamson Collection", at Art Gallery of Ontario, <mask> donated a large pencil drawing by Kurelek of one of the interiors of Netherne Hospital showing a group of patients at leisure to the Ontario Psychiatric Association, to decorate their common room - a donation facilitated by a psychiatrist, Dr. Appleton. Second Move: After Ashton, Lambeth

After <mask>'s death in 1996, the Adamson Collection was moved for a second time, to Lambeth Hospital, an inner London mental health unit, part of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), on permanent loan by the Adamson Collection Trust. The Collection was curated by the hospital Art Therapist, Alice Jackson, until 2012. In 2000 SLaM named a new mental health unit at St Thomas' Hospital as the Adamson Centre for Mental Health as a tribute to his pioneering work.Timlin donated  50 ink portraits by Adamson of people at work in the Netherne shower room, which he drew after one of the people in the session asked Adamson why wasn't he also drawing. (There are many more of these at the Wellcome Library Adamson Archive). Since 1997, around 300 paintings have hung in corridors in Lambeth Hospital, the Adamson Centre for Mental Health (since it opened in 2000), and a SLaM community base. The rest of the paintings and drawings were stored either in a disused shower room (seemingly fitting as Adamson's first working space was in a shower room at Netherne), or stacked, unframed, in cardboard folders on shelves in a working team office at Lambeth Hospital, with the two Kureleks wrapped in blankets under a desk. Between 2007 and 2010, the Adamson Collection Trust employed the then Curator, Alice Jackson, to undertake the Herculean task of cataloguing all the unframed paintings and drawings: they number about 2500 by Polanska - most are preparatory sketches for the "Stations of the Cross" - and another 2500 by over 200 people, more than half of them women. Adamson's records from Ashton, including albums of press cuttings and coverage, and of examples of Buday's Christmas cards and other prints, were in a filing cabinet. Almost all the collection of several hundred stones, flints, ceramics and other small sculptures are in the third Adamson gallery (after the first and second at Netherne and Ashton), a small room outside a mental health ward.The objects were created with the cheapest materials – for example, almost all the paintings are poster paint on wallpaper backing paper - and date from 1946, so need specialist conservation and storage. Polonska's masterpiece "Stations of the Cross" and two other larger Polonska pieces were in a former Trustee's garage in Edinburgh - Michael Freudenberg, Rudolf Freudenberg's son - and very fragile and at risk as they are still the original plaster casts. Freudenberg was also storing a number of paintings and drawings. Almost all Adamson's personal papers, photographs and other artefacts, including hundreds of photographic transparencies of works (including of many now lost)  were at the Adamson's Hollywood Road studio, where Timlin still lives. Adamson Collection Trust records were in Trustees' homes across the country. Adamson's library of books and journals has been secured at AVAM since 1996. The Adamson Centre closed in November 2016, due to service changes.The 50 drawings by Adamson passed to ACT; and 38 Adamson Collection paintings and drawings to the Wellcome Library. Writings by <mask> (selected)

At Edward Adamson Archive, Wellcome Collection, London. 1984:  "Art as Healing". Coventure, London;
1970:  "Art for Mental Health", in 'Jean Creedy (ed): Social Context of Art'. Tavistock, London;
1968:  "Art and Mental Health", in the exhibition catalogue, the Commonwealth Institute, London;
1965: "Review of artistic self expression in mental disease: the shattered image of schizophrenics", in 'Mental Health', the Journal of the National Association for Mental Health (Mind). December, 272-274;
1963:  "Art and mental health", in 'Mental Health', the Journal of the National Association for Mental Health (Mind). Vol.22, No.2;
1962:  "Darkness into Light" in 'The Observer', 17 June. Ideas about art and mental health

Adamson saw people psychologically recovering – 'healing', in his terms – by means of expressing themselves through art. The act of creating was what mattered to Adamson, who felt the artist or therapist should avoid influencing, distorting, or impinging upon self-expression. Adamson encouraged 'free expression' by letting people come to paint or sculpt without comment or judgement, and with only minimal technical assistance. If the creator talked about a work, he'd listen. He abhorred psychological interpretation, which he dismissed as 'the therapist's own projections' onto the work, and maintained that only the creator could explain their own work. This is the essence of his 'non-interventionist' working style, which perhaps would not be recognized as part of contemporary art therapy practice."The actual "therapy" is purely incidental. The important thing is the art! You see, it's therapeutic for patients to walk across the hospital grounds to get to the studio. If they're going to sit in a group of patients, it's therapeutic. But the great thing is the actual art they are producing: that's the thing that is getting them better. The mere fact that they put their brush to paper and try and paint". He saw himself an artist, "somewhere in between" the clinical staff and the patients, and the space where he worked as an art studio.He thought only artists should work with art as therapy. "In his later years Mr. Adamson was critical of a movement to train as art therapists people whose background was more in the field of psychology than art – 'Can't the psychologist

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 remain a psychologist and not try and take art over?' he asked in the 1987 interview". "The important thing is know about art, to know how to draw and paint, so that you can encourage from that angle the whole time... The patients appeal to you as an artist, knowing that you can paint, knowing you are ready to help them through art – not with all that knowledge of psychology. That's something completely different". Adamson exhibited work from the Collection from 1947 on, and internationally until his death in 1996.He believed the exhibiting of the Collection educated the public about the creativity and humanity of those diagnosed with mental disorders. "Adamson was an educator, who saw the socio-cultural intervention of showing these people's works to the public who had excluded them - and showing it as an important contribution to their culture - as a way to change public opinion". There is debate about whether these objects should be exhibited, and/or creators named: questions about intention, capacity, consent, confidentiality and ownership; about if these works are clinical records or can they be outsider art, or be both; and about the notion that should these people – excluded, voiceless and nameless in their lifetime – have their creations hidden, their art forgotten, and their identity again denied. Adamson across media

Documentary

 2019. "Art & Mind ". Directed, written & edited: Amélie Ravalec. Consultant: Mike Jay & David O'Flynn.Art & Mind

 ' A journey into art, madness and the unconscious. An exploration of visionary artists and the creative impulse, from the Flemish Masters of the Renaissance to the avant-garde movement of Surrealism and the unsung geniuses of Art Brut and Outsider Art 2014. "Abandoned Goods". Dir: Pia Borg & <mask>renson. Prod: Kate Ogborn & Lisa Marie Russo. Consultant: David O'Flynn. Fly Film:

 "Abandoned Goods was awarded the Golden Pardino for the Best International Short Film in the Leopards of Tomorrow Competition at Locarno Film Festival.To date it has also screened at the Hamptons, London BFI Film Festival, Sundance, True/False, Full Frame Documentary Film Festival, Oberhausen, Festival Internacional de Cine De Huesca, Janela Internacional de Cinema Festival, Bucharest Experimental Film Festival, First Fortnight Film Festival, DocAviv, San Francisco Documentary Film Festival and Busan International Short Film Festival"

 2011: "William Kurelek's The Maze", (60mins)
 re-edited, digitalized version of Robert M. Young & David Grubin's 1969 documentary about William Kurelek. New version by his sons Nick & Zack Young, and includes additional unseen interview footage of Adamson. Radio
2020. "Naming the Orphans". ‘A poetic audio response to Adamson Collection’. RADIOPHRENIA, Glasgow. Broadcast 16 Nov 3.30-4pm.Artist and writer Rose Ruane with David 0’Flynn & Suzie ‘the Clown’ Ferguson. 2015. "Object spotlight: Gwyneth Rowlands, 'woman's head" in Medicine in Music. 'Gryff Rhys Jones and Simon Chaplin discuss a work of art on a piece of flint'. BBC3 Broadcast 22 September: https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p0336smy

 Videos
At Edward Adamson Archive, Wellcome Collection, London. Edward Adamson Archive

1971: "Rolanda Polonsky, Sculptor", (10mins): Arts Council film, dir:  Lionel Miskin. Polonska filmed in her 25th year at Netherne, talking about her beliefs and works, most of which are in the Collection;

1984: "Link", (20mins): video of Central TV interview

 with Adamson and Timlin, at Ashton Gallery and in Miriam Rothschild's wildflower garden, by Rosalie Wilkins & Bradley Borum.In connection with 1984 Marlborough Gallery exhibition and launch of 'Art as Healing';

1989: "Night Network", (11mins): video of TV studio interview
 with Adamson about his working, with particular reference to the 'Metamorphosis' series of paintings;

1990: "Art was my salvation": Michele Staniland, (10mins):
 filmic essay of  several paintings with music and intertitles from 'Art as Healing';

1991: "Look East", (3mins 30secs): video of TV interview with Adamson at Ashton;
1994: "Visit to Ashton by Cambridge Jungian Circle", (50mins). Video by visitor. Comprehensive tour of Ashton Gallery;

 Edward Adamson YouTube channel

A selection of short films, filmed events and other archive material, ( Edward Adamson YouTube). 2013: "Art in the Asylum' 2013: <mask>'s life and work: creativity, part 1". Filmed at 'Art in the Asylum', Djanogly Art Gallery, Nottingham. 2013: "Art in the Asylum' 2013: <mask>'s life and work: creativity, part 2"
2014: "Edward Adamson Festival 2014 opening night: 'A Gaze at the Collection"
2015: "In Conversation with Dr O'Flynn on the Adamson Collection"
2015: "Edward Adamson Festival: scART Panel, part 1"
2015: "Edward Adamson Festival: scART Panel, part 2"
2015: "Insulin Coma Dreams". A film by Andrew Locke.Exhibitions of the Adamson Collection (selected)

1947: Kingston Town Hall;
1950: "International Exhibition of Psychopathological Art" at the First International Congress of Psychiatry, Paris;
1955: "Aspects of Schizophrenic Art: an exhibition of work by patients in mental hospitals", Institute of Contemporary Arts, London;
1961: Royal Society of Medicine;
1964: "Art as Communication: an exhibition of paintings made in art therapy departments of psychiatric hospitals and clinics", Institute of Contemporary Arts, London;
1967: "Fifth International Congress  of Psychopathology of Expression", Paris. International Society for Psychopathological Art (SIPE);
1968: "Art and Mental Health: an exhibition of paintings, clay models and ceramics by psychiatric and subnormal patients and maladjusted children", The Commonwealth Institute, London
1969: House of Commons;
1974: University of Cairo;
1984: "Selections from the <mask> Adamson Collection", Art Gallery of Ontario;
1984: Marlborough Gallery, London;
1991: Kfar Saba Cultural Centre, Jerusalem, Israel;
1995: "The Tree of Life: The Inaugural Exhibition of the American Visionary Arts Museum". Baltimore;
1997: Lambeth Hospital. Opened by Jo Brand;
1999: Lambeth Hospital. Opened by Stephen Tumim;
2002: Fifteenth Triannual Congress of the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), Cambridge;
2004: Mexico Gallery, London;
2012: Glaziers Hall, London. Slideshow of 120 Collection objects, and short promo of "Abandoned Goods" (see Filmography, above). SLaM Annual Public Meeting, 11 September;
2013: "Art in the Asylum".Group survey of asylum art. Djanogly Art Gallery, Nottingham
2013-14: "Raw Vision: 25 ans d’Art Brut". JJ Beegan drawings in a major international survey of art brut. Halle St Pierre, Paris
2014: "Edward Adamson Festival 2014" at the Long Gallery and ORTUS, Maudsley Hospital; and at Bethlem Gallery and Bethlem Museum, UK
2015: "Art as Healing", Feb - Mar. At Stash Gallery, London, E1
2015: "The Ball of Twine and Other Nonsense", William Kurelek,  c 1956. Permanent loan to Bethlem Museum of the Mind
2015-25: Gwyneth Rowlands: Six "Paintings on Flints". On loan to Reading Room, Wellcome Collection;
2016-17: "Bedlam: the asylum and beyond".Abandoned Goods and JJ Beegan drawing at major survey. Wellcome Collection. 2017: "Mr A Moves in Mysterious Ways". Selected artists from the Adamson Collection, Peltz Gallery, Birkbeck School of Art. 2020:  Gwyneth Rowlands: Four "Paintings on Flints" in "Monochromatic Minds: Lines of Revelation". 25 February – 4 March. Candid Arts Centre, London EC1.25 Feb – 4 Mar. 'Monochromatic Minds' was the largest ever exhibition of self-taught, disabled and outsider artists from around the world, featuring black and white art through a variety of mediums including drawing, ceramics and textiles. 'Monochromatic Minds | Pre Recorded Talk about Gwyneth Rowlands': at  https://vimeo.com/441992680
"Here Jennifer chats with Dr. David O'Flynn and Rose Ruane about the late Gwyneth Rowlands. Her painted flints make up part of the Adamson Collection and six are on permanent display at the Wellcome Collection, London. Hear more about her life here and an upcoming article in Raw Vision magazine about her". Third Move: 'Four Adamson Collections' & Adamson Collection / Wellcome Collection

Since January 2010, the Adamson Collection Trust focused on identifying and securing all and any objects, archive or other material related to Adamson, the Adamson Collection and the Adamson Collection Trust. Henry Boxer, a leading international authority on and dealer in outsider art, has been a key adviser and supporter since 2010.At that time there was no inventory or catalogue, not even of the objects moved to SLaM from Ashton, and all the material was at risk. After three decades of effort since the move from Netherne, funding to save the Collection as a whole was never found. Since 2010, the Trust has been collaborating with the Wellcome Library to secure the archives, and the Collection - in need of rescue for the third time in its history. In 2010-11, the Wellcome Library accepted Timlin's donation of Adamson's archive from Hollywood Road. In July 2013, the Wellcome took Adamson's Ashton archive (1981–1996); and further archive material from Lambeth Hospital. The Wellcome Library at the same time relocated all the 5000 paintings and drawings from Lambeth Hospital to temporary storage in their 'stacks' under Euston Road. The transfer deed was signed in December 2015 for all the flat works (bar Polonska's drawings and one Kurelek canvas).These are now known as "Adamson Collection - Wellcome Library". In 2017 Wellcome Collection undertook a re-evaluation of its policy towards its handling of the Adamson Collection. A series of public consultations in July 2017 explored the complex ethical issues surrounding questions of copyright ownership, attribution and terminology. The remaining 2500 drawings are by Rolanda Polonska - many studies are for her 'Stations of the Cross' - and are located at the Wellcome. ACT holds about 500 sculptures at Lambeth Hospital, including the oeuvre of Gwyneth Rowlands. Six of her painted flints are on long-term loan to the Wellcome Reading Room. Kurelek's ' 'The Ball of Twine and Other Nonsense' is on permanent loan to the Museum of the Mind (Museum of the Mind).AVAM are cataloging the objects that <mask> donated in 1995. The Adamson Collection Trust notes there are probably about twenty pictures and tapestries Dax took from the Netherne research studio to Melbourne to start the Dax Collection (now at the Dax Centre). Literature on Adamson and Adamson Collection from 2011

Resources: open access at http://www.adamsoncollectiontrust.org/resources/ unless indicated

2011: O'Flynn, D. "Art as Healing: <mask>". Raw Vision, 72, Spring, p46-53;
2013: O'Flynn, D. "<mask>: art as healing". In Michaela Ross (ed) "Bethlem Papers 1: On the Inside of Outsider Art". Bethlem Gallery, UK. https://bethlemgallery.com/bethlem-salon/
2015 Ostrowska, A."'‘The Adamson Collection: illustrations of mental illness or a testament to spontaneous artistic expression?''''". Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 38(3-4): 196–202;
2015. O'Flynn, D. "Almost Certainly, the Catalogue Rasionné of the Creator(s?) Known as JJ Beegan" Raw Vision, 88, Winter, p22-29;
2016: O'Flynn, D. "Private Intentions: The story behind the Adamson Collection". Ladybeard Magazine, "Mind Issue";
2018: O'Flynn, D, Szekir-Papasavva, S & Trainor, C. " ‘Art, power, and the asylum: Adamson, healing, and the Collection’ ". Lancet Psychiatry ,5,5,396-399. doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30147-0. 2018: O'Flynn, D & Trainor, C. "Myth, Metaphor or Metamorphosis?Ron Hampshire and the Adamson Collection". BAAT newsbriefing Winter. 2019: O'Flynn, D. " ’<mask> and the history of art therapy ". Mental Health Nursing, April/May, p16-17. 2019: O'Flynn, D &  Schupbach, W.  "The art of those with lived experience: excavating the Adamson Collection". Journal of European Association of Health Information & Libraries, Vol. 15 (4): 23-28. doi: 10.32384/jeahil1535.2020: O'Flynn, D &  Ruane, R.  "Our Lady of the Flints''": monograph on Gwyneth Rowlands. Raw Vision, 106, Summer, p12-19

References

External links

   Adamson Collection Trust
   'Art as Healing'. <mask>'s 1984 book. Open Access at Wellcome Library
 Edward Adamson Archive at Wellcome Library
  Adamson Collection: Sculptural Objects at Art UK
  Obituary: <mask>. New York Times, 10 February 1996
  Obituary: <mask>. The Guardian, 21 May 2010
  Obituary: Molly Tuby. The Guardian, 13 April 2011
  Kashmira Gander, "Healing with paint: How the pioneer of art therapy helped millions of mental health patients".Independent, London. 7 September 2016. Art therapists
Outsider art
British conscientious objectors
History of mental health in the United Kingdom
Royal Army Medical Corps soldiers
1911

masks:
Edward Law
Edward Adamson
Edward Adamson
Edward
Adamson
Edward Adamson
Edward Adamson
Edward Adamson
Adamson
Edward Adamson
Michael Edwards


text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 22 February 1975) is a French singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with his song "Divine". He has also produced songs for Dita Von Teese and he composed music for the French films Narco and Steak, among others. He is currently signed to Record Makers, a French independent record label. He sings in English, French, and Italian. Biography
Tellier's first album, L'incroyable Vérité (The Incredible Truth), was released in 2001. Tellier went on tour with Air in support of the album and was joined on stage by theremin player Pamelia Kurstin.L'incroyable Vérité is a pop album featuring styles from lo-fi electronica to bizarre cabaret tunes. The same year, he appears, alongside Vincent Belorgey (Kavinsky) in Nonfilm, directed by Quentin Dupieux. His second studio album, Politics, released on 31 January 2004. Politics included the popular song "La Ritournelle", a string-led tune with Nigerian drummer Tony Allen. The same year, he composed the soundtrack for the film Narco, directed by Tristan Aurouet and Gilles Lellouche. The soundtrack released two years later, on 9 November 2007. Since the release of Politics, Tellier has also recorded an acoustic album of his more popular songs, Sessions (2006).The album was repackaged for the British market as Universe (2006), to include both highlights from the French CD, as well as compositions from <mask>'s score for the film Narco. This compilation included a cover of "La Dolce Vita", a song originally by French singer Christophe. In 2007, he composed a few songs with Mr. Oizo, for the soundtrack of the film Steak, directed by Quentin Dupieux (Mr. Oizo himself). Also co-composed by SebastiAn, the soundtrack was released by Ed Banger and Because Music the same year. <mask> also appears in the film as Prisme, the man with the electric wheelchair. His third studio album Sexuality was produced by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo of Daft Punk. Like his previous album Politics, Tellier used a single term as title and theme of the album.Tellier's label Record Makers collaborated with retailer American Apparel for an exclusive three-month pre-release of the album, whilst American Apparel sold limited edition versions of the Sexuality CD, LP and "Divine" 7" and 12" single through their North American stores and website. On 7 March 2008, it was announced by Bruno Berberes, head of EBU delegation in France, that <mask> would represent France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008. It was held in Belgrade on 24 May 2008. <mask> sang "Divine". This was the first time in the history of the contest that the nominated French entry was to be performed largely in English, which caused controversy, leading to <mask> pledging to increase the amount of French in the song prior to the competition itself. In total, the entry received 47 points. His fourth album My God Is Blue was released in 23 April 2012.As the name suggests, the concept of this album is religion. <mask> is presented in this album as a guru, founder of a fictional sect called "Alliance Bleue". The album is entirely produced by Mr Flash and Pavle Kovacevic. His fifth album Confection was released in October 2013. This was partially inspired by the death of Tellier's grandmother. Some of the music on the album was intended to appear on a film soundtrack, but ended up not being used. In an interview with artistxite, Tellier noted: "You can say my grandmother's death as well as this nonexisting soundtrack had an impact on “Confection“.To me this has been a super strange situation. I was full of love for my grandmother and full of dedication to this soundtrack; Confection is the result of both of these emotional conditions." In Spring 2014, <mask> performed a medley of tracks from Confection at the Chanel Haute Couture show at the Grand Palais. <mask> recounts that Karl Lagerfeld invited him to perform, having listened to the album himself. His sixth album L'Aventura, was released on 14 July 2014. The album was inspired by the childhood and Brazil, where the video to its lead single, "L'Adulte", is set. This album, consisting of 10 tracks, is sung entirely in French.In 2016, he composed soundtracks for the two French films Saint-Amour, directed by Benoît Delépine and Gustave Kervern, and Marie et les naufragés, directed by <mask> Betbeder. The same year, he composed the music for the credits of the comedy show broadcast on Canal+, Groland Le Zapoï. The next year, he composed the soundtrack for the series A Girl Is a Gun. In 2018, <mask> composed all the songs from the eponymous album by Dita Von Teese. In 2020, <mask> returned with a new single "A Ballet", released on 29 January, to promote his seventh album Domesticated, consisting of 8 tracks, which released on 29 May 2020. On 8 April, "Domestic Tasks", the second single released and "Stuck in a Summer Love" the third single on 19 May. The concept on this album is domestic life and this concept was born following his marriage and the birth of his two children.The album is produced by Corentin "nit" Kerdraon, Mind Gamers (John Carroll Kirby and Daniel Stricker), Jam City, Varnish La Piscine and Philippe Zdar (who died in 2019). Apart from this album, on 14 February 2020, he appeared as a featured artist on "Boycycle" by Salvatore Ganacci. The same year, he released an album titled Simple Mind, in which he covered several tracks from his previous albums, Sexuality, My God Is Blue, L'Aventura and Domesticated. Use of Tellier's songs
 The track "Fantino" from L'incroyable Vérité was chosen by Sofia Coppola for the soundtrack to her 2003 film Lost in Translation. Coppola also used the song "Look" from his Sexuality album in her 2010 film Somewhere
 The songs "Look" and "La Ritournelle" were featured in Ugly Betty's episodes "Crush'd" and "Dressed for success", respectively. "La Ritournelle" also featured in Joachim Trier's Oslo, 31 August movie soundtrack. The song "Universe" from the album L'incroyable Vérité is featured in the film Daft Punk's Electroma."Divine" (as remixed by Danger) was used in the 2009 racing game Gran Turismo for the PSP. "La Ritournelle" is sampled in The Weeknd's single, "Kiss Land"
 "La Ritournelle" is the first of many final soundtracks used in the movie "One Way" – 2006. "Slow Lynch" was used by Top Gear in Seasons 13 Episode 3 (Ken Block's Airfield Rally Run). Personal life
Tellier is married to Amandine de la Richardière with whom he has two children. Discography

Studio albums

Soundtracks

Compilations

Other contributions

Singles

Other appearances

References

External links

Official website
Anthem interview with <mask>, on Anthemmagazine.com

Photos of Tellier Performing in Philadelphia, April 2009, on Phrequency.com
<mask>, on Soundcloud

1975 births
Living people
People from Le Plessis-Bouchard
French pop singers
French singer-songwriters
French electronic musicians
English-language singers from France
Synth-pop singers
New wave musicians
21st-century French singers
21st-century French male singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for France
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2008
French male singer-songwriters

masks:
Sébastien Tellier
Tellier
Tellier
Tellier
Tellier
Tellier
Tellier
Tellier
Tellier
Sébastien
Tellier
Tellier
Sebastian Tellier
Sebastian Tellier


text_chunks:
<mask> (January 18, 1957 – November 8, 2013) was a hand surgeon from Greater Houston, Texas. He owned the Brown Hand Center and also owned, managed, or was an officer in other medical centers. He became well known in Texas and elsewhere for his advertising and his social connections, but became involved in scandals and lost his medical license. He committed suicide in 2013. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Galena Park in the Greater Houston area. While attending Galena Park Junior High School, he saw a film of <mask>y performing heart surgery. He wanted to be a heart surgeon, but he said that he ultimately became a hand surgeon because the specialty allowed for greater creativity and was "more profitable and glamorous".After graduating from Galena Park High School with honors in 1975, he attended the Southwest Texas State University (now Texas State University–San Marcos), where he received a grade point average of 3.97. He then graduated from the Baylor College of Medicine. He received his medical license in 1983 and did surgical training in a hospital in Stockton, California. Career
In 1988 he founded the Brown Hand Center. He also owned, managed, or was an officer in several other medical businesses, including the St. Michael's Center for Speciality Surgery with locations in three states, the Achilles Foot and Ankle Specialists, LLC, and the Allied Center for Special Surgery. He became well known in Houston for television advertisements showing him with Sophie, his baby daughter, which ended with the slogan, "In the Brown Hand Center, we'll care for you just as I care for my own family." The same advertisements also aired in Greater Phoenix.By the early 21st century, <mask> was making $2.5 million annually. He had a residence in the East Wedgwood Glen section of The Woodlands and a mansion in the Memorial area of Houston. At his death he also owned a mansion in Miami Beach, Florida, a ranch in Normangee, and a residence in New York. As of 2010 the Brown Hand Center had locations in Houston, Dallas, Austin, Las Vegas, and Phoenix, and <mask>'s businesses were expected to gross about $45 million in the next year, more than in the previous five years. <mask> was also prominent in Houston society. In 2008, despite being already involved in scandals, he was awarded the Republican Congressional Medal of Distinction and in connection with the award had dinner with President George W. Bush and lunch with Vice President Dick Cheney. In 2010, he threw the first pitch at a Houston Astros game."<mask> advertised the "patented <mask> technique" of carpal tunnel surgery, an endoscopic surgery for the wrist; the Brown Hand Center advertisements and website credited him with inventing the technique and contrasted it with more traditional surgery, which requires stitches. In 2010 Dr. Robert Szabo, the president of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand and the chief hand surgeon of the University of California-Davis School of Medicine, told Todd Ackermann of the Houston Chronicle that <mask>'s business had "nothing unique ... in regards to the surgeries they perform or helping hand patients generally"; according to Szabo and other orthopedic surgeons, <mask>'s claim to a special technique rested on his having patented his own surgical instruments, which resembled those used by other hand surgeons. Personal life and downfall
<mask> was married four times. In 2002, he was convicted of beating his third wife and was placed on probation by the Texas Medical Board for that and for "concerns he had an alcohol or chemical dependency". In 2006, after <mask> tested positive for cocaine, the Board revoked his license to practice medicine. As of 2010, advertising for the Brown Hand Center promoted <mask>'s medical background, mentioned his medical degree, and stated that he was retired but trained the doctors who worked at the centers. Seth Chandler, a University of Houston professor of law, called the ads "misleading" but "[not] a slam dunk for anyone looking to prosecute" under the Texas Medical Practice Act.In August 2010, <mask> voluntarily forfeited parental rights to his two children by his third wife; in September 2011, after a week-long trial, he was acquitted of felony assault on his fourth wife. The revenues of the Brown Hand Center decreased after advertisements featuring <mask> ended circulation. <mask> moved to Greater Miami and on January 23, 2013, filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida; the case was transferred to the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Houston on September 25, 2013 and the appointment of a Chapter 11 Trustee was approved on September 30. A restructuring officer was named for <mask>'s businesses in March. In July 2013, <mask> pleaded guilty in federal court to interfering with a flight attendant. On September 25, he was sentenced to 30 days of federal jail and was ordered to surrender himself on October 25 of that year. In October 2013 the Brown Hand Center announced it was closing.By October 16, only the Houston location remained open. The trustee handling <mask>'s bankruptcy case had placed the business in Chapter 11 protection; he stated that he had discovered "significant financial debt, misuse of revenue, and compliance issues". Suicide attempt and death
On October 29, 2013, news was released that <mask> had been found unconscious at his house in Miami Beach. His attorneys filed a statement with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court confirming that he had suffered cardiac arrest and was incapacitated: "Dr. <mask> remains hospitalized ... The extent of the damage he has suffered is unknown; however, it appears to be severe and, at this time, counsel has no ability to communicate with Dr. <mask>." He had been found, with a suicide note, on October 24, 2013.<mask> was taken to the Mount Sinai Medical Center & Miami Heart Institute in Miami Beach, where on November 7 he was declared brain dead and according to Dick DeGuerin, his attorney, life support was removed; he died the following day at the age of 56. Prior to his death several of <mask>'s assets, including briefcases containing $3.2 million in cash, art and antiques, and a $250,000 item of jewelry were reported missing and unaccounted for. After his death a series of auctions of his possessions were held to pay debts. References

Further reading
 Rogers, Brian and Christian, Carol. "Controversial ex-hand surgeon <mask> dead at 56." Houston Chronicle. November 9, 2013.External links
 The Hand Center. Archived on June 15, 2012. 1957 births
2013 deaths
American surgeons
People from Houston
Texas State University alumni
People from Harris County, Texas

masks:
Michael Glyn Brown
Brown
Michael DeBake
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Michael Brown
Michael Brown


text_chunks:
<mask> (; ) S.I. (born 1 March 1939) is a Pakistani author, travel enthusiast, mountaineer, writer, novelist, columnist, TV host and former actor. Early life
<mask> was born in Ghakhar Mandi on 1 March 1939 at his maternal grandparents' house, according to the preface of his book, Lahore Awargi. But he was raised in Lahore with his family that hailed from Mandi Bahauddin. His father, <mask>, operated a small agricultural seed store by the name of "Kisan & company" that later flourished to become a major business in that field. Tarar was educated at Rang Mahal Mission High School and Muslim Model High School, both in Lahore, Pakistan. He pursued higher studies at Government College, Lahore and in London.While abroad he spent much of his time watching movies, hanging out with friends and reading books. In 1958, he attended the World Youth Festival in Moscow and wrote a book named Fakhta (Dove) based on his experience. Career
He has written more than 50 books including novels and a collection of short stories in his career. His first book was a travelogue of Europe published in 1971 by the title of Nikley Teri Talaash Main (1970), dedicated to his youngest brother, Mobashir <mask>r. This followed a period during which he travelled in seventeen European countries, and spearheaded a new trend of travelogues in Urdu literature. So far he has over forty travelogues ('Safar Nama' in Urdu) to his credit. He also became a television actor and was, for many years, a host of Pakistan Television Corporation's (PTV) live morning show Subah Bakhair (1988) (Good Morning).His unconventional and down-to-earth style of hosting earned him great popularity among people from all circles of life. He is one of the most recognised personality among children as he spent a big part of transmission time addressing children exclusively. He called himself chacha jee (paternal uncle) of all Pakistani children and soon became known by this title. Tarar has been an active mountaineer for many years and has been to the base camp of the famous mountain K2 and the Chitti Buoi Glacier. Columns as a journalist and books
During his long career, he has been a newspaper columnist and a contributor in Pakistani newspapers including Dawn and Daily Aaj, and used to write a weekly column for Akhbar-e-Jahan. Hazaron Raastey (Thousands of Paths)
 Parinda (Bird)
 Shehpar (Wings)
 Sooraj Ke Sath Sath (staying along with the Sun)
 Keilash (Name of a tribe in northern areas of Pakistan)
 Fareb (illusion)

Travelogue writer
As a mountaineer and a travelogue writer himself, Tarar has long promoted the cause of tourism projects in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Awards and recognition
Sitara-i-Imtiaz (Star of Excellence) - Awarded in Literature by the President of Pakistan in 2017
Pride of Performance Award - Awarded in Literature in 1992
Anjuman Farogh-i-Urdu (Qatar) Award

References

External links
Official Website

1939 births
Living people
Government College University, Lahore alumni
Pakistan Television Corporation executives
Pakistani dramatists and playwrights
Pakistani male television actors
Pakistani novelists
Pakistani television hosts
Pakistani travel writers
People from Lahore
Punjabi people
Recipients of the Pride of Performance
Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz
Dawn (newspaper) people
Urdu-language travel writers

masks:
Mustansar Hussain Tarar
Mustansar Hussain Tarar
Rehmat Tarar
Hussain Tara


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1984) is a professional lacrosse player that retired  from the Atlas LC (PLL) of Premier Lacrosse League in 2019. <mask> was the 6th overall draft pick in the 2008 Major League Lacrosse Collegiate Draft by the Chicago Machine. He played high school lacrosse for Libertyville High School in Libertyville, Illinois. He also attended a postgraduate year at Bridgton Academy. <mask> played college lacrosse at Syracuse University. In January 2020, <mask> was named assistant coach of the Atlas LC (PLL) in the professional lacrosse league PLL. He is the first ever PLL player turned coach in the league's history.College career
<mask> played college lacrosse at Syracuse University from 2003 to 2008. He won two Division I National Championships while with the Syracuse Orange men's lacrosse, in 2004 and 2008. In 2008 <mask> was selected as a first-team All-American during his senior season and also won the McLaughlin Award as the nation's best midfielder. He ended his college career with a total of 67 Goals, 34 Assists, and 86 Ground Balls totaling 101 points. Professional career
2008: Chicago Machine; <mask> was drafted 6th overall by the Chicago Machine in the 2008 MLL Collegiate Draft. <mask> had a break out rookie season. He played in 15 games for the Machine recording 29 goals, 4 two-pointers, and 11 assists totaling 44 points, and adding 26 ground balls.He was named to the 2008 MLL All-Star team. He also competed in the 2008 Bud Light Skills fastest shot competition. 2009: Chicago Machine; 5 games into the 2009 season and his second season with the Machine he broke his foot against Boston. This injury sideline <mask> for the rest of the season. 2010: In 2010 <mask> played for the LXM Pro Tour league for Team STX. 2011: Chesapeake Bayhawks; <mask> was traded to the Bayhawks in February 2011. He played in 12 games for the Bayhawks, recording 11 goals, 2 two-pointers, and 5 assists totaling 18 points, and adding 8 ground balls.He was the Bud Light MVP for their game against Hamilton. 2012: Chesapeake Bayhawks; In 2012 he was a key player recording 23 goals, 3 two-pointers, 10 assists, and 11 ground balls. He was the Bud Light MVP for their game against Denver. In playoffs he totaled another 2 goals and 4 assists helping the Bayhawks to win their 4th MLL Championship Title. He was named to the 2012 MLL All-Star team. <mask> stuck the game-winning goal in the All-Star game to lead his Old School Team to victory. He also competed in the 2012 Bud Light Skills fastest shot competition.2013: Chesapeake Bayhawks; In 2013 <mask> recorded 13 goals, 1 two-pointer, 8 assists, and 10 ground balls. In playoffs he totaled 1 goal and 2 ground balls. With 3 minutes to go in the semi-final championship game, <mask> stuck a goal to tie the game at 12, the Bayhawks then scored with 1 min to go to advance to the Championship game and win their 5th MLL Championship Title. <mask> was named to the 2013 MLL All-Star team and he also competed in the 2013 Bud Light Skills fastest shot competition at the All-Star game. 2014: Chesapeake Bayhawks; In 2014 <mask> recorded 6 goals, 1 two-pointer, 3 assists, and 3 ground balls. <mask> struggled with a knee injury throughout the season. He was traded to Florida Launch for the last four games of the season.2014: Florida Launch; <mask> was traded to the Launch in July 2014 and played in four games. He had a standout performance totaling 10 goals, 1 two-pointer, 4 assists, and 2 ground balls. He scored two goals, including a two-point goal, and one assist against Denver (7/20) tallied three goals, two assists, and one groundball against Boston (7/26), three goals and an assist at Boston (8/2), and two goals at Ohio (8/9). 2015: Florida Launch; <mask> had a milestone year tallying his most goals in a season and hitting his 100th goal. <mask> played in 13 games for the Launch, recording a point in each contest. Tallied one assist and four groundballs at Chesapeake (4/19). Paced the Launch in the home opener versus Chesapeake (4/26) with a season-high four goals.Recorded two goals and two assists at Rochester (5/3) for a team-high four points with two groundballs. Provided a pair of goals in the first win of 2015 against Ohio (5/9). Eclipsed 100 career points on the road at Ohio with his first of three goals in the contest (5/24). Scored a goal and collected a groundball on the road at Boston (5/30). Logged a goal and assist on the road at New York (6/5). Scooped up a season-high four groundballs with three goals versus New York and made ESPN's Sports Center Top 10 plays at #8 with his goal from a behind the back pass from Casey Powell.(6/26). Scored first Launch goal versus Charlotte (7/3), ending the night with three scores and a groundball.Set a career-high for goals in a season with 24 versus Rochester (7/25), recording two goals and an assist for three points in the game. 2016: Florida Launch; <mask> played in 13 games for the Launch scoring a point in three out of the four contests. Logged two goals and a season high four groundballs in the home opener against Ohio (4/16). Scored a goal and accounted for one assist at Chesapeake (4/30). Recorded two points and three groundballs versus Charlotte (5/14). Tallied one assist and one groundball against Atlanta (5/21). Scored a goal and recorded an assist against Ohio (6/4).Recorded an assist against Denver (6/11). Scored a goal against Denver (7/4). Had a season high three points against the Lizards (7/14). Scored a goal against Charlotte (7/22). Scored a goal and an assist against Atlanta (7/23). Scored on a two-point shot along with three groundballs at home versus Rochester (7/30). Goal and assist in season finale at Boston (8/6).2017: Florida Launch; <mask> was named Captain for 2017 season leading the Launch to their first ever play-off debut. <mask> began the season opener against the Boston Cannons on (4/23) with one goal. Tallied one assist on (4/29) against Rochester. Scored a goal against the Denver Outlaws on (5/13). Scored one goal and his first two-point goal of the season against the Rochester Rattlers (5/20). (6/17) against Atlanta, <mask> added one assist. (6/24) <mask> recorded his 100th game played in the MLL against Charlotte adding a goal in the win.(7/15) <mask> then scored a hat trick against the Chesapeake Bayhawks. <mask> recorded one ground ball and a goal in the game on (7/20) against Chesapeake, then scored another goal on the (7/22) game against Charlotte two days later. Scored two goals and tallied two assists accumulating to four points on the (7/29) game against Boston. <mask> led the Launch to their first ever play-off berth to the semi-finals. 2018: Florida Launch; Second season as Captain of the Florida Launch. <mask> started his 2018 campaign against Atlanta scoring one goal and picking up one ground ball. On 4/28 <mask> tallied three assists and two ground balls.On 5/10 against Boston, <mask> recorded one goal and picked up one ground ball. One 6/2 <mask> scooped up two ground balls against the Boston Cannons. At New York on 6/09, <mask> had one goal and one ground ball. <mask> tallied one goal and had one ground ball against Denver 6/16. On 7/7 vs Ohio <mask> recorded one goal. <mask> recorded one goal against Ohio to assist in the 13–12 win on 7/26. In the last two games of the season, <mask> scored one goal in each.In the 2018 season, <mask> recorded 11 points and picked up 10 ground balls after playing in every game for the Launch. <mask> was named the Launch nominee for the MLL Dave Huntley Man of the Year Award at the 2018 MLL Honors. 2019: Atlas LC (PLL); <mask> played in the first ever season of the PLL as a member of the Atlas Lacrosse Club before announcing his retirement on September 24, 2019. Coaching career
In January 2020, <mask> was named assistant coach of the Atlas LC (PLL) in the professional lacrosse league PLL. He is the first ever PLL player turned coach in the league's history. In 2014, <mask> was named offensive coordinator of St. Paul VI High School (Fairfax, VA) varsity lacrosse team. In 2018, he helped lead the team to win their first ever Virginia Independent Schools Athletic Association (VISAA) Division I Boys' Lacrosse State Championship.Awards and achievements
As Player:
2002 High School All-American. 2002 Illinois Lacrosse Player of the Year
2004 NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship Winner (Syracuse Orange)
2008 USILA First Team All-American
2008 won the McLaughlin Award as the nation's top midfielder. 2008 NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship Winner (Syracuse Orange)
2008 Major League Lacrosse All-Star
2012 Major League Lacrosse All-Star
2012 Major League Lacrosse Steinfeld Cup Champion (Chesapeake Bayhawks)
2013 Major League Lacrosse All-Star
2013 Major League Lacrosse Steinfeld Cup Champion (Chesapeake Bayhawks)
As Coach:
2018 VISAA Division I Boys' Varsity Lacrosse State Championship - St. Paul VI High School (Offensive Coordinator)

Statistics

NCAA

Major League Lacrosse

Premier League Lacrosse

References

1984 births
Living people
Chesapeake Bayhawks players
Sportspeople from Lake Forest, Illinois
Syracuse Orange men's lacrosse players
Lacrosse players from Illinois
Bridgton Academy alumni
Florida Launch players
Premier Lacrosse League players

masks:
Steven Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
Brooks
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<mask>AM (born 16 June 1960) nicknamed Sterlo, is an Australian former rugby league commentator, television personality and player. He was one of the all-time great halfbacks and a major contributor to Parramatta Eels' dominance of the New South Wales Rugby League premiership in the 1980s. <mask> played eighteen Tests for the Australian national team between 1982 and 1988. He also played in thirteen State of Origins for New South Wales, winning man of the match on four occasions (one of them being the 1987 exhibition match played in the USA). <mask> played in four premiership-winning sides with Parramatta in 1981–1983 and 1986 and has been inducted into the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. His time spent playing for English club Hull F.C. also earned him membership in their hall of fame.Early life
<mask> was born in Toowoomba and raised in Raymond Terrace and Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. He commenced his playing career at the age of fourteen when he joined the Wagga Wagga Kangaroo Panthers in 1974. As a teenager <mask> spent several years living at RAAF Base Wagga, where his father was serving as a dental technician. <mask> then moved to Sydney, where he attended the Patrician Brothers' College on a scholarship. Playing career
<mask> compensated for a lack of size and pace with control and organisational skills that allowed Parramatta's all-star back line of Brett Kenny, Mick Cronin, Steve Ella and Eric Grothe a great deal of ball. His kicking, backed up by Kenny and Ray Price's superb chasing, often gave Parramatta an advantage in territory. His fast mind meant that he rarely made a wrong decision..He was an effective defender rare to miss a tackle, and often in position to secure a loose ball. <mask> joined the Parramatta Eels in 1978 making his first appearance as a  during the 1978 finals series, and played his first game as the Eels halfback in the 17–11 Minor-Semi replay loss to eventual premiers Manly. After a few games at  in 1979, <mask> shifted to halfback and established himself as a player to watch in 1980. 1981 saw the Jack Gibson coached Eels win their first Grand Final with a 20–11 win over the Tommy Raudonikis led Newtown Jets, with <mask>'s superb skill and control one of the decisive factors. He made his State of Origin début for NSW in the 1981 State of Origin game, setting up a try for Mick Cronin, though the Wally Lewis led Queenslanders turned a 10-point half time deficit into a 7-point, 22–15 win. <mask> himself admitted he was a surprise choice for NSW as he had only made his representative début a few weeks earlier when he played for City Seconds and rated himself as fifth in line for the NSW job. He was selected over his long-time rival for the NSW halfback spot, Canterbury-Bankstown's Steve Mortimer who had debuted for Australia in their two test series win over France only weeks before the Origin game.In 1982, Parramatta could seemingly do no wrong, winning the Minor Premiership by four games over Manly. Though they were beaten 20–0 by Manly in the Major semi-final, the Eels then thrashed Eastern Suburbs 33–0 in the Preliminary Final, before going on to turn the tables on the Sea Eagles with a 21–8 in the Grand Final at the Sydney Cricket Ground to win their second successive premiership. <mask> was then chosen for the 1982 Kangaroo tour, and along with Queensland halfback Mark Murray was backup to incumbent test halfback Steve Mortimer, despite having not played in the 1982 State of Origin series. After travelling with part of the team to Perth to face a Western Australian team and thus missing a place in Australia's first ever test against Papua New Guinea, <mask> was presented a golden opportunity by coach Frank Stanton when he was chosen for the first game of the tour against English club side Hull Kingston Rovers. <mask> went about cementing his place in the Kangaroos "A" side and went on to make his Test début for Australia in the first Ashes Test against Great Britain at Boothferry Park in Hull. The 1982 Kangaroos went on to become the first team to go through Great Britain and France undefeated, earning them the nickname "The Invincibles", and was a personal success for <mask> who played in all five tests against Great Britain and France, and cemented his place as the world's best halfback. In 1983, <mask> played in Australia's win in the first test against New Zealand at Carlaw Park in Auckland, but wasn't selected for Australia's shock 12–19 second Test loss at Lang Park when Murray was preferred.He was named man-of-the-match in Game 2 of the State of Origin series at the SCG, a game which saw the NSW side with an almost all-Parramatta backline, with Neil Hunt and Eric Grothe (wings), Mick Cronin and Steve Ella (centres) and <mask> and Brett Kenny (halves), while the Blues, who defeated Qld 10–6, were also captained by Eels  forward Ray Price. <mask> then helped Parramatta to a third successive Grand Final win with an 18–6 win, again over runaway minor premiers Manly. Following his third successive premiership and his fifth overall, Jack Gibson, a man <mask> has nothing but high praise for as both a person and a coach, shocked the establishment and resigned as Parramatta coach. Following the 1982 Kangaroo Tour, <mask> had been highly sought after by English clubs and he went on to play for Hull F.C. in the 1983–84 English season. <mask> played , and was man of the match winning the White Rose Trophy in Hull FC's 29–12 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers in the 1984 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1984–85 season at Boothferry Park, Kingston upon Hull, on Saturday 27 October 1984. He was then chosen for Game 1 of the 1984 State of Origin series, but lost his place to Steve Mortimer for the rest of the series.<mask> was then overlooked for the home Ashes series against Great Britain in 1984, but would still go on to win the Rugby League Week Player of the Year award for the first time. In the 1984 Grand Final, <mask> and longtime partner in crime Brett Kenny had few opportunities against Mortimers Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs whose forwards dominated the Eels pack and gave the star pairing little room to move. The narrow 6–4 loss to the Bulldogs ended the now John Monie coached Parramatta's bid for a 4th successive premiership. <mask> did not play for Parramatta, in the first half of 1985 as he returned to England to again link with Hull. <mask> played  in Hull FC's 0–12 defeat by Hull Kingston Rovers in the 1984–85 John Player Special Trophy Final during the 1984–85 season at Boothferry Park, Kingston upon Hull on Saturday 26 January 1985. Though he was relatively quiet upon his return to Parramatta, at the end of the season <mask>'s skill allowed Parramatta to defeat Balmain (twice, the second a 32–4 win in the Minor-Semi) and Penrith (Minor Preliminary-Semi), to move from doubtful finalists to the Preliminary Final – where a ruthless Canterbury side on their way to a second successive premiership, easily accounted for the Eels 26–0. As a result of his decision to play in England and miss the first part of the NSWRL premiership, <mask> lost his place in the NSW side in the 1985 State of Origin series to Steve Mortimer, who led the Blues to their first ever series win over Queensland.He also miss his chance to regain his test place for the mid-season tour of New Zealand in 1985, with the halfback role shared between Mark Murray and Manly's versatile utility Des Hasler. By missing both Origin and Test selection in 1985, <mask> missed the opportunity to link with the coach who gave him his first grade début at Parramatta Terry Fearnley, who coached both representative teams. While playing for Hull in the early part of 1985, <mask> led the team into the 1985 Challenge Cup Final against Wigan, which also included a number of internationals such as; fullback Gary Kemble, wingers Dane O'Hara and James Leuluai and his halves partner Fred Ah Kuoi (all NZ), centre Garry Schofield (GB), Parramatta second-rower John Muggleton (Aus), and goal kicking forward (and Hull captain) Lee Crooks (GB), <mask> played  in Hull FC's 24–28 defeat by Wigan in the 1985 Challenge Cup Final during the 1984–85 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 4 May 1985, in front of a crowd of 99,801, in what is regarded as the most marvellous cup final in living memory, which Hull narrowly lost after fighting back from 12–28 down at half-time, with <mask>'s Parramatta halves partner Brett Kenny (playing for Wigan) was voted man of the match winning the Lance Todd Trophy. <mask>, who produced a great game in both attack and defense, had gone into the game as one of the shortest priced favourites to win the Lance Todd Trophy, with bookmakers in Hull allegedly (according to BBC commentator Ray French during the telecast of the Cup Final) refusing to field any more bets on <mask> in the week leading up to the game. 1986 saw <mask> almost carry a clean sweep of the major awards – except the Rothmans Medal – and win the inaugural Clive Churchill Medal in Parramatta's fourth Grand Final victory, reversing the 1984 result with a 4–2 win over Canterbury-Bankstown to send the retiring Mick Cronin and team captain Ray Price out as premiership winners. 1986 also saw the Parramatta with their own home ground for the first time since over-excited fans had burned down the old Cumberland Oval grandstand during the 1981 Grand Final celebrations. Between 1982 and 1985 the club was forced to play home games at Canterbury-Bankstown's home ground, the Belmore Sports Ground, but in 1986 the new Parramatta Stadium was opened by Queen Elizabeth II and Sterling set about making the venue his own personal playground.During the year he was also part of the NSW Team which swept Qld 3–0 in the State of Origin series (the first time in series history a team had won all three games), winning man of the match in Game 2 at the SCG. After regaining his test place in the successful two test series against New Zealand, <mask> was an automatic selection for his second Kangaroo tour at the end of the season, this time going away as the undisputed number one halfback with 1985 test halfback Des Hasler. <mask> won The Rothman's medal in 1987 and 1990 but only featured in one match of The 1991 season after suffering a shoulder injury. He returned to the field in 1992, but his shoulder was injured again after being hit in a hard tackle by Western Suburbs player David Gillespie. This would prove to be <mask>'s final game as he retired due to being unable to recover from the recurring shoulder problem. Post-playing career
<mask> lives on the Central Coast with his wife, Selina, and 18-year-old daughter, Hannah. His hobbies include golf and the breeding of thoroughbreds.<mask> supports Liverpool F.C. in the Premier League. Television / Radio career

<mask>'s sharp intelligence marked him as an astute analyst of the game with the former Eel commentating for the Nine Network after initially starting in the media with Western Sydney radio station 2WS and Channel 10 where he was a sideline commentator for their coverage of the 1987 NSWRL finals. His autobiography, 'Sterlo! The Story of a Champion' was released in 1989. <mask> later went on to host The Sunday Footy Show, anchoring the program from the show's inception in 1993 until the end of the 2015 season with him being replaced by Yvonne Sampson from the 2016 season. <mask> was also co-host of Nine's The NRL Footy Show from 1994–2006 alongside Paul Vautin.He made a guest appearance in 2007 on the first episode for the year to say farewell to the show before coming back for a short stint in 2010 as alternating host. He currently hosts Nine's 'Thursday Night Football' and is a member of their commentary team, he also rotates the hosting of 'Sunday Afternoon Football' with Yvonne Sampson. <mask> joined Triple M in March 2010 as an expert commentator on Monday Night Football and is an occasional panellist on Dead Set Legends and The Rush Hour. In March 2013, <mask> began hosting a weekly NRL show on Fox Sports called 'Sterlo; airing on Thursday nights. His show was axed in 2014 due to poor ratings competing with The Footy Show. <mask> now hosts On the Couch with Sterlo which airs on Tuesday every week. He hosted the Fox Sports program between the 2015 and 2017 seasons before signing an exclusive deal with channel Nine from 2018 onwards.On 9 August 2021, it was announced that <mask> would be leaving the Nine Network after 27 years. Rugby League awards
Since retiring from playing the game, <mask> has won several awards. In 1995, <mask> was picked at halfback in a poll to judge the best Australian team since the introduction of the limited-tackle rule in 1967. He won eight of fourteen votes, with the remainder going to Billy Smith, Ricky Stuart and Allan Langer. In 2000 <mask> was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australia's international standing in rugby league. He was also inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in that year. In 2006, he was one of six past players to be inducted into the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame at the Dally M. Awards 2006 award ceremony.In February 2008, <mask> was named in the list of Australia's 100 Greatest Players (1908–2007) which was commissioned by the NRL and ARL to celebrate the code's centenary year in Australia. References

Sources
 Whiticker, Alan and Hudson, Glen; The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players (3rd edition 1998); published Gary Allen Pty. Ltd.; Smithfield
 Middleton, David (editor); Rugby League 1987–88,(1988) Lester Townsend Publishing Pty Ltd; Paddington, NSW
 Middleton, David (editor); Rugby League 1996; (1996) HarperCollins Publishers, Pymble, Sydney

External links

 City of Wagga Wagga Sporting Hall of Fame
 <mask> at rl1908.com
 <mask> at eraofthebiff.com
 <mask> at stateoforigin.com.au

1960 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league commentators
Australian rugby league players
City New South Wales rugby league team players
Clive Churchill Medal winners
Country New South Wales Origin rugby league team players
Country New South Wales rugby league team players
Hull F.C. players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin captains
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Nine's Wide World of Sport
Parramatta Eels players
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Rugby league halfbacks
Rugby league players from Toowoomba
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees

masks:
Peter Maxwell John Sterling O
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Sterling
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Peter Sterling
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Peter Sterling
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<mask> (; 4 September 191815 April 2014) was a Chinese politician and long-time leader of the security and intelligence services of the Communist Party of China, where he worked for 45 years (1938–1983), eventually serving as Director of the Central Investigation Department (the primary civilian intelligence agency) from 1973 to 1983. Biography
<mask> wao born to a peasant family in Cangxi County, Sichuan, Republic of China in September 1918. He joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1932 at age 14, and the Chinese Red Army (predecessor of the People's Liberation Army) in 1934, taking part in the Long March (1934–35). <mask> joined the Communist Party of China in 1936. Initially working in political propaganda among young soldiers, <mask> caught the eye of Wu Defeng, an experienced Communist Party intelligence agent, who recommended him to the Central Party School in Yan'an, where Luo studied from September 1937 to July 1938, receiving political and military training. Immediately afterwards, from July to December 1938, he was part of the Intelligence Training Class at Zaoyuan (near Yan'an) where some of his instructors were Soviet-trained agents. After completing the intelligence training program in December 1938, he was posted to Xi'an, under the cover of being a confidential assistant (), though his actual duties were to work with the Party's clandestine intelligence network against both the Japanese invaders and the Chinese Nationalist government.In 1938–39 he coordinated the penetration of Kuomintang (KMT) commander Hu Zongnan's headquarters. <mask> was posted back to Yan'an in 1941 and became an intelligence analyst, earning accolades as a "living archive" (), after coming to the attention of Mao Zedong for supplementing his intelligence reports with an encyclopedic memory. After the surrender of Japan and the start of the Chinese Civil War, <mask> worked in the Central Department of Social Affairs under Kang Sheng. After the Communist victory and the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, <mask> <mask> joined the Liaison Department (which became China's primary civilian intelligence agency) working under Li Kenong. In 1955, the Liaison Department became the Central Investigation Department (CID), with <mask> serving as chief of staff () and eventually, from the early 1960s, Deputy Director. During the early years of the People's Republic, <mask> worked closely with Premier Zhou Enlai and with Wang Dongxing, Mao Zedong's head of security, and these two friendships would help him survive the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution relatively unscathed. Official Chinese Communist records credit <mask> with personally preventing an assassination attempt against Liu Shaoqi by Chiang Kai-Shek's Taiwanese during an official visit to Cambodia in April 1963, as well as with engineering the defection, in July 1965, of high-ranking Nationalist general Li Zongren to Beijing, which caused a sensation among overseas Chinese and was a major propaganda victory for the Communist regime.Other important intelligence activities during the 1950s and 1960s included the funding, arming and training of dozens of Asian, African and Latin American militant groups and liberation movements. Especially in the case of Africa, Chinese intelligence "supplied, at one time or another, nearly all of the various African liberation movements with arms, money, food and medicines", although these programs were mostly run by the Intelligence Bureau of the PLA General Staff, and not by the civilian Central Investigation Department. The Central Investigation Department also worked to combat the US trade embargo on China (in place since 1950) by collaborating with the Greek shipping billionaire Aristotle Onassis, whose ships went on to secretly carry cargo to Chinese ports in violation of the embargo. During the early stages of the Cultural Revolution, in 1966 and 1967, <mask> <mask> was initially named as a "black element" and endured persecution by the Red Guards, but very soon he managed to escape harm and return to his duties; this was almost unique among high-ranking CID officials, and probably had to do with <mask>'s friendship with Premier Zhou Enlai and Wang Dongxing; nearly all leading officials of the CID were purged between 1966 and 1970. As China and the Soviet Union became increasingly hostile and Mao Zedong played "the American card" by coming to an understanding with Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, <mask> found himself presiding over the daily work of the CID, which officially had remained without a Director since 1967 (in 1969 it was even placed under the Intelligence Bureau of the PLA General Staff, although in practice the merger was not complete). The CID was finally reestablished in March 1973, with <mask> named Director. After the death of Mao Zedong, <mask> supported Hua Guofeng, and he strongly resented Deng Xiaoping’s rise to power in the late 1970s.Deng suggested that the CID move away from diplomatic cover for its overseas officers, urging them to instead rely more on secret, illegal cover and make greater use of foreign agents; he claimed that this guidance originated with Zhou Enlai just before the Cultural Revolution. <mask> openly defied Deng, dispatched additional personnel abroad under diplomatic cover, and told subordinates it was imperative to resist Deng’s "anti-party" views. A skilled bureaucratic in-fighter, <mask> managed to retain his position as intelligence chief until July 1983, when the security and intelligence reorganization program abolished the CID and replaced it with the new Ministry of State Security. After <mask> was pushed out of intelligence leadership in July 1983, he remained active as the deputy (and later as an advisor) on the Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs. <mask> died of an illness in Beijing on 15April 2014, at the age of 95. Personal life
<mask> had six children, his eldest child named <mask> Kang (), born in the Second Sino-Japanese War; the second son named <mask> Ting (), born in the Chinese Civil War; the third son named <mask> Yuan, born in the Korean War, his youngest son was <mask> Zhen (). References

1918 births
2014 deaths
People from Cangxi County
People's Republic of China politicians from Sichuan
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Sichuan
Politicians from Guangyuan

masks:
Luo Qingchang
Luo
Luo
Luo
Luo
Luo
Luo
Qingchang
Luo
Luo
Luo
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Qingchang
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<mask> (October 16, 1900 – November 5, 1969) was an American film and television actor, producer, screenwriter, and director who began working in films in the 1920s. The son of actress Lillian Elliott, <mask> directed films, usually mysteries such as Daughter of the Dragon starring Anna May Wong (one of a trilogy of Fu Manchu movies for which he has writing credits), before dedicating himself more to acting in 1938. His short La Cucaracha won an Academy Award in 1935. Early life
<mask> was born in San Francisco, California, to actress <mask> (Lillian Elliott) (April 24, 1874 – January 15, 1959) and actor <mask> (October 17, 1867 – February 28, 1929). Obituary, The New York Times; accessed February 2, 2019.</ref>

Career
<mask> studied drama at the University of California, Berkeley, from which he graduated in 1922. Directing (1930–1937)
Follow Thru (1930) to Lady Behave! (1937).Writing (1926–1939)
Hands Up! (1926) to Night Work (1939)

Acting (1925–1927, 1939–1966)
<mask>'s early roles: The Splendid Crime (1925), It (1927). <mask> played both romantic leads and villains throughout his career. He also appeared in a number of Boston Blackie films as millionaire Arthur Manleder. He starred with Roy Acuff and William Frawley in the 1949 film, My Home in San Antone. In the 1950 film, Cyrano de Bergerac, he played Ragueneau, the lovable pastry cook, though in this version the role is partially combined with that of Ligniere, the drunken poet, who is omitted from the film. <mask> continued acting in films until the middle 1960s.He appeared on dozens of television programs, such as the uncle of Corky played by Darlene Gillespie in the Mickey Mouse Club serial, "Corky and White Shadow." He also appeared in two episodes of the NBC western, The Restless Gun with John Payne. He was cast on ABC's religion anthology series, Crossroads. He appeared in the role of Wally Dippel in ABC's The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, in the syndicated crime drama, City Detective, with Rod Cameron, and on the television version of How to Marry a Millionaire, with Barbara Eden and Merry Anders. He appeared on NBC's Johnny Staccato with John Cassavetes, and the syndicated western, Man Without a Gun, starring Rex Reason and Mort Mills. Six times <mask> portrayed the western author Ned Buntline in ABC's The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. He also guest starred on the CBS sitcom, Dennis the Menace, with Jay North in the series lead.In 1959, <mask> was cast as John Jenkins, with Anne Baxter as Ellie Jenkins, in the episode "A Race to Cincinnati" of the NBC western series, Riverboat, starring Darren McGavin and Burt Reynolds. In the story line, three ruthless men try to prevent a peach farmer from getting his crop to market so that he cannot make the last payment on his valuable land, which he will otherwise forfeit. <mask> appeared twice on the syndicated western anthology series, Death Valley Days. He was cast as the lucky hobo Carl Herman in the 1960 episode, "Money to Burn". Helen Kleeb played a recipient of Herman's largess. Paul Sorensen and William Boyett played the thieves whose $50,000 Herman found and gave away. In 1962, <mask> played Dorsey Bilger, the bearer of tall tales in Totem, Idaho, in the 1962 episode, "A Sponge Full of Vinegar".In the story line, the townspeople have begun to tire of Bilger's stories. The episode also featured Chris Alcaide as Charlie Winslow and Paul Birch as Sheriff Lick. From 1960 to 1961, <mask> appeared as a series regular, Uncle Charlie, in the NBC sitcom Happy. He made guest appearances on CBS's Perry Mason in 1962 as Rudy in "The Case of the Dodging Domino," in 1963 as land financier and murderer Harvey Forrest in "The Case of the Decadent Dean," and in 1965 as Attorney Gerald Shore in "The Case of the Careless Kitten". In 1963, <mask> portrayed Captain Rembrandt Van Creel in "The Day of the Flying Dutchman" on ABC's western series, The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, starring child actor Kurt Russell. Dehl Berti portrayed the Indian, Little Buffalo. From 1965-66, <mask> appeared in the NBC TV sitcom Hank as Professor McKillup.Complete filmography

As actor

The Splendid Crime (1925) as Kelly
It (1927) as Yacht Cabin Boy (uncredited)
The Great Commandment (1939) as Jemuel
High School (1940) as Dr. Henry Wallace
Young Tom Edison (1940) as Dr. Pender
Jack Pot (1940 short) as Mr. Higby (uncredited)
Two Girls on Broadway (1940) as Judge
Opened by Mistake (1940) as Anton Zarecki (uncredited)
The Ghost Breakers (1940) as Martin
Queen of the Mob (1940) as C. Jason - Photographer
Sporting Blood (1940) as Otis Winfield
The Lady in Question (1940) as Prosecuting Attorney
The Return of Frank James (1940) as Randolph Stone
Captain Caution (1940) as Capt. Stannage
Public Deb No. (1937 or 1938)

As writer

Hands Up! (1926)
Miss Brewster's Millions (1926)
Wet Paint (1926)
The Campus Flirt (1926)
Senorita (1927)
 Wedding Bills (1927)
Swim Girl, Swim (1927)
She's a Sheik (1927)
Red Hair (1928)
The Fifty-Fifty Girl (1928)
Hot News (1928)
What a Night! (1928) (story)
The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu (1928)
The Saturday Night Kid (1929)
Sweetie (1929)
The Return of Dr. Fu Manchu (1930)
Anybody's War (1930)
Follow Thru (1930) (uncredited) (also co-director)
Dude Ranch (1931)
The Lawyer's Secret (1931)
Daughter of the Dragon (1931) (also director)
He Learned About Women (1933) (story) (also director)
La Cucaracha (1934 short) (story) (also director)
That Navy Spirit (1937)
Campus Confessions (1938) (also story)
Touchdown, Army (1938)
Night Work (1939)

For TV
Willy (1954–1955), regular cast member as Papa Dodger
Corky and White Shadow A Mickey Mouse Club serial - 17 episodes, (January–February, 1956) as Uncle Dan
The Real McCoys (1958) as Hank Johnson, a new neighbor who defies Amos’s class prejudices, and (1962) as Herbert Bentley, a businessman who rents the McCoy’s roadside stand. Father Knows Best as Myron, one of Jim's insured who has a car accident with Cornell Wilde who was the guest star. My Three Sons (1961) as Smitty, one of Bub's card playing mates.Perry Mason Episode: "The Case of the Dodging Domino" (1962) as  Rudy Mahlsted
Gunsmoke "The Magician" (1963) as Jeremiah
Bonanza (1964-1965) as Jesse Simmons / Doctor, 2 episodes
Hank (NBC 1965-66) as Professor McKillup

References

External links

 <mask> on TCM
 <mask> at American Film Institute
 <mask> at British Film Institute

 <mask> signatures

1900 births
1969 deaths
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
American male television actors
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male actors from San Francisco
Writers from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors
Film directors from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from California
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters

masks:
Lloyd Corrigan
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Lillian Hiby Corrigan
James Corrigan
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Lloyd Corrigan
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Lloyd Corrigan