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<mask> (31 October 1857 – 11 February 1949) was a Swedish-born medical doctor and psychiatrist, best known as the author of The Story of San Michele, an autobiographical account of his life and work. He spoke several languages (Swedish, English, French, Italian fluently, and German at least passably), grew up in Sweden, attended medical school there, then studied medicine in Paris and opened his first practice in France. He was married to a wealthy Englishwoman and spent most of his adult life in Italy. His philanthropic nature often led him to treat the poor without charge, and he risked his life on several occasions to offer medical help in times of war, disaster, or plague. As an advocate of animal rights, he purchased land to create a bird sanctuary near his home in Italy, argued for bans on painful traps, and himself kept pets as diverse as an owl and a baboon, as well as many types of dog. His writing is light-hearted, being primarily memoirs drawn from his real-life experiences, but it is often tinged with sadness or tragedy, and often uses dramatic licence. He primarily wrote about people and their idiosyncrasies, portraying the foibles of both the rich and the poor, but also about animals.Early life

<mask> was born in Oskarshamn, Sweden, his family's home. His family was originally of Flemish descent, and settled in Sweden during the 16th century. Munthe began college in 1874 at Uppsala University. While travelling in Italy in 1875, Munthe sailed in a small boat from Sorrento to the island of Capri. Climbing the Phoenician Steps to the village of Anacapri, he came upon a peasant's house and the adjacent ruin of a chapel dedicated to San Michele, and was immediately captivated by the idea of rebuilding the ruin and turning it into a home. Munthe studied medicine in Uppsala, Montpellier and Paris (where he was a student of Charcot), and graduated as M.D. in 1880 at the age of 23.Though his thesis was on the subjects of gynaecology and obstetrics, Munthe was deeply impressed by Professor Jean-Martin Charcot's pioneering work in neurology, having attended his lectures at the Salpêtrière hospital. He later had a falling out with Charcot, and left the Salpêtrière denouncing his former teacher's work on hypnotism as fraudulent and scientifically unsound. Parents and siblings

He was the youngest of three siblings born to sickly, autocratic, violin playing, puritanical, chemist father Martin Arnold Fredrick Munthe (#-1877) and his second wife Louisa Aurora Ugarsky (# - 1878). The eldest was Anna (b. 1854) who married twice. At 21 she married the painter Reinhold Norstedt during which times her flower paintings were exhibited in the National Galleries and other galleries. After Reinhold Norstedt's death she married Frans Siberg.The second child was Arnold a future Artist, Author, playwright and Retired Swedish Naval Captain (# - 1927) who served with the French Imperial Fleet produced and wrote several renown plays Magnus Stenbok, Magdalena Rudenskiold  and The March over the Belt. Arnold also wrote the several Naval books including Charles XII and the Russian Navy and the textbooks Swedish Naval Heroes series. Paris and Italy
After graduation, Munthe opened a medical practice in Paris, largely catering to the members of the Scandinavian art colony there. In 1884 he travelled to Naples to offer medical assistance in a cholera epidemic. In 1887, he moved to Capri, bought the Villa San Michele and began restoration, doing much of the work himself, but also employing local residents, including three brothers and their father. In 1890, running low on money for the project, he opened a practice in Rome which catered to foreign dignitaries as well as the local population. From this point onwards he divided his time between Rome and Capri.Queen Victoria of Sweden

In 1892, Munthe was appointed physician to the Swedish royal family. In particular, he served as personal physician of the Crown Princess, Victoria of Baden, continuing to do so when she became Queen consort, and until the time of her death in 1930, although this did not mean that he was in constant attendance. Victoria suffered from severe bronchitis and possibly also tuberculosis. Munthe recommended that she spend her winters on Capri for her health. While initially hesitant, in the autumn of 1910 she travelled to Capri, and from then onwards, except during the First World War and for a few years towards the end of her life, she spent several months each year there. While in residence the Queen often visited the Villa San Michele to join Munthe for morning walks around the island. Munthe and the Queen also arranged evening concerts at San Michele, at which the Queen played the piano.The Queen shared Munthe's love of animals, owning a pet dog herself, and helped support his efforts to purchase Mount Barbarossa to establish it as a bird sanctuary. Perhaps inevitably, given the small local population and their close friendship, it was rumoured that Munthe and the Queen were lovers, but this has never been substantiated. Young Princess Maria, who by request of King Gustaf V of Sweden twice stayed with the Queen and Munthe at Capri, found his influence damaging and his powers hypnotic. Years later she asserted that he wanted her to be his patient at age 23 and made physical advances toward her, and that the horror she then felt toward the Swedish royal family, because of their unlimited support of Munthe, was the main reason she fled them and filed for divorce from Prince Wilhelm. Munthe has been described as less interested in the health of his patients than in his own convenience and fame, and his having Victoria travel to Capri, and stay there for months in that particular climate, has been considered more detrimental than beneficial to her health. Other indication of his passionate nature concerns an affair he is believed to have had with the English socialite Lady Ottoline Morrell, beginning when they first met in July or August 1898. Ottoline was then an unmarried 25-year-old member of the privileged London social scene, while being at the same time slightly contemptuous of it.Her intellectual and spiritual interests drew her to more mature men, such as H. H. Asquith, particularly if they had a reputation for iconoclasm. She and <mask>nthe were drawn to each other, and managed to spend much private time together on Capri. Marriages
<mask> married Ultima Hornberg, a Swede, on 24 November 1880, whom he met while she was studying art in Paris. They divorced in the late 1880s, and in 1892 she married a Swedish manufacturer named Gustaf Richter, and gave birth to a son in 1893, before dying in 1895. In 1907, Munthe married Hilda Pennington-Mellor (1876–1967), whose English family owned two notable properties: Hellens in Herefordshire, one of the oldest dwellings in the country, and Southside House, a 17th-century mansion on Wimbledon Common in London. They had two sons, Peter and Malcolm. There is an anecdote that when Munthe was discussing The Story of San Michele with his publisher, John Murray, in the garden at Southside, Murray told him that his ancestor and namesake John Murray (1778–1843) had sat in the same garden with Lord Byron to discuss publication of Byron's works.During 1910–1911, Munthe had a 14-room summer home built in Sweden as a gift to his wife. It was originally called Stengården (The Stone Court), but has been known as Hildasholm since her death. It is set amongst trees on the shore of Lake Siljan in Dalarna, and the architect was Torben Grut, who also designed the Stockholm Stadium used for the 1912 Summer Olympics. Hilda landscaped the home with an English garden as part of the dramatic rocky surroundings, and furnished it with 17th, 18th and 19th-century art and furniture from Italy, England and France. The family usually stayed in the house during the summer, but Munthe was more often at the San Michele. First World War
During the First World War, Munthe became a British citizen and served in the ambulance corps. His wartime experiences were the basis for his book, Red Cross, Iron Cross.Later life

In 1919–1920, Munthe was an unwilling landlord to the outrageous socialite and muse Luisa Casati, who took possession of Villa San Michele. This period was described by Scottish author Compton Mackenzie in his diaries. Munthe developed an eye condition which eventually made him virtually blind and unable to tolerate the bright Italian sunlight. At that point he returned to Sweden for a number of years and wrote The Story of San Michele (published in 1929), which was well received, having been translated into at least 45 languages and said to be one of the best-selling books of the 20th century. An operation restored his sight, and he spent several more years at San Michele before returning to Sweden in 1942. He spent the final years of his life as an official guest of the King of Sweden. During the Second World War, Munthe's son Malcolm Pennington Mellor Munthe served with the Special Operations Executive, working behind Nazi lines in occupied Scandinavia, and later participating in the Allied invasion at Anzio.<mask> was seriously wounded during the war, and later developed reclusive tendencies. Munthe died at Stockholm Palace aged 91. His body was cremated and the ashes were scattered into the North Sea. A memorial plaque about him and his family can be found at the Protestant Cemetery in Rome. Medical outlook
Munthe tried to avoid prescription medication for his psychological cases whenever possible, often recommending hypnosis, music, and other alternative medical approaches. He was peripherally involved in Louis Pasteur's search for a rabies vaccine. He advocated euthanasia for hopeless medical situations such as rabies, where the patient is condemned to a prospect of intense pain and mental anguish.Publications
The Story of San Michele overshadows all Munthe's other publications, and includes material from some earlier works. His earlier work can be very difficult to find and often commands high prices. Aside from his doctoral thesis, his first publications consisted of accounts of his travels which appeared in the Stockholms Dagblad newspaper, and which described his experiences of relief work during the cholera epidemic in Naples. These articles were published in 1887 as a book translated into English by Maude Valerie White. The second edition of 1899 was translated by Munthe himself. Vagaries was first published in London in 1898. It was retitled Memories and Vagaries in a second edition printed in 1908.In 1930 there was a third edition, containing an added preface and a slightly different selection of stories in a different order. Munthe's reminiscences of his time in the ambulance corps, Red Cross, Iron Cross was published anonymously – "by a doctor in France" – in London in 1916, with all proceeds being donated to the French Red Cross. A second edition, credited to Munthe, was published around 1930. Publications in languages other than English
Små Skizzer, Stockholm, 1888
Bref och Skizzer, Stockholm, 1909
Letters From A Mourning City was published in Swedish in 1885, and in Italian in 1910. Memories and Vagaries seems to have very different titles in other languages, often roughly translating as An Old Book of Man and Beasts; see that article for more information. Legacy

Munthe died in 1949 aged 91, in Stockholm. Several of his properties are now museums and cultural centres.He willed Villa San Michele to the Swedish nation, and it is maintained by a Swedish foundation. The complex functions as a cultural centre, hosting concerts, visiting Swedish scholars, and the local Swedish consulate. The foundation also maintains the Mount Barbarossa bird sanctuary, which covers over 55,000 square metres. In 1980, a foundation (Stiftelsen Hildasholm) was established to care for Hildasholm, the Munthes' Swedish home. <mask> donated the home and the art and antiques it contains to the foundation, which operates it as a museum. It was designated a historic building in 1988, and underwent extensive restoration between 1995 and 1999. In addition to tours, the museum hosts art classes and concerts.<mask> spent much of his life after the second world war remodelling the family's two mansions in England. His children formed the Pennington-Mellor-Munthe Charity Trust which maintains both Southside and Hellens Manor and operates them as museums, also hosting cultural events such as concerts, lectures and literary events. Members of the family still sometimes reside at them. There have been at least two international symposia on Munthe, the second being held at Hildasholm in Leksand, Sweden, on 13 September 2003. Speakers included Dr. Ian McDonald, Levente Erdeos (architect, and former curator of San Michele), the Swedish author Bengt Jangfeldt, Dr. Peter Cottino (from Capri), Mårten Lindståhl, Dr. Katriona <mask>-Lindgren, and Professor Alden Smith from the Department of Classics at Baylor University. He was the subject of a 1962 biopic <mask>nthe, The Doctor of San Michele, based on his memoirs. Awards and decorations
   Honorary Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

References

Further reading

In English
The Story of <mask>nthe by G. Munthe and G. Uezkull (1953)
The Story of <mask>nthe, Capri and San Michele by A. Andrén (with others, 1959)

Non-English
Boken om <mask>nthes San Michele, Levente A S Erdeos, 1999.En osalig ande: Berättelsen om <mask>, Bengt Jangfeldt, 2003. In Swedish. English translation by Harry Watson (<mask> Munthe: The Road to San Michele), 2008. . Films
<mask>nthe, der Arzt von San Michele, directed by Rudolf Jugert, starring O. W. Fischer (as <mask>), 1962. External links

Hildasholm, Munthe's home in Sweden
Villa San Michele, Munthe's home on Capri
Capri Review Magazine article on Queen Victoria and Munthe
Southside House
New York Public Library catalog page for Letters From A Mourning City
For editions of "From a Mourning City"

1857 births
1949 deaths
People from Oskarshamn Municipality
Uppsala University alumni
Swedish memoirists
Swedish psychiatrists
Swedish military doctors
Swedish medical writers
Capri, Campania
Swedish expatriates in France
Swedish expatriates in Italy
British psychiatrists
British medical writers
People from Wimbledon, London
Swedish emigrants to the United Kingdom
Swedish expatriates in the United Kingdom
Swedish people of Belgian descent

masks:
Axel Martin Fredrik Munthe
Axel Munthe
Axel Mu
Axel Muhe
Malcolm Munthe
Malcolm Munthe
Malcolm Munthe
Munthe
Axel Mu
Axel Mu
Axel Mu
Axel Mu
Axel Muhe
Axel
Axel Mu
Axel Munthe


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<mask>pine playwright. He is the second child of <mask> and Socorro Munoz of Cauayan, Isabela and Cabatuan, Isabela, respectively. He finished his secondary education at St. Anthony School, Singalong, Malate (Salutatorian, 1968), and his tertiary education at the University of the Philippines (A.B. Economics, cum laude and Valedictorian of the class, 1971 and M.A. Economics, 1973). He continued his postgraduate studies at Harvard University (Master in Public Administration, 1979; “A” student) and at Columbia University]] (Executive Program in Business Administration, 1983). At the University of the Philippines, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he took up courses such as Modern Drama, Shakespeare, Comedy and Film Theory.He worked for the Philippine government for more than twenty years (most of them were at the  National Economic and Development Authority as Director, Policy Coordination Staff and Philippine National Bank, as Executive Vice President, Corporate Services). He taught part-time at  U.P. Diliman and U.P. Manila, Ateneo, La Salle, Assumption, and U.E. Noriega worked for Experimental Cinema of the Philippines]], Tanghalang Pilipino]] and was co-founder of Dramatis personæ. And even before he succumbed to cancer in 1994, <mask> was Executive Vice President at a large bank in Makati, Philippines. Summary of notable accomplishments
Overview

Bienvenido M. Noriega Jr. received posthumously two national honors.One was the Tanglaw ng Lahi award for Theater from the Ateneo de Manila University in 1995. The second was the prestigious Centennial Honors for the Arts in Theater from the Cultural Center of the Philippines and Philippine Centennial Commission in 1999. Prior to succumbing to cancer in 1994 at the young age of 42, <mask> was recipient of more than 22 major awards for writing – six from the Cultural Center of the Philippines, thirteen from the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, one each from Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA), Experimental Cinema of the Philippines (ECP) and Palihang Aurelio Tolentino. He also received four National Book Awards from the Manila Critics Circle. His award-winning works have been frequently staged by both professional and student theater companies in the country and in the US, Canada, UK. Athens, Geneva, Paris and as far as Qatar. He directed a lot of his plays and even delved in musicales writing the libretto for "Kenkoy loves Rosing" and "Bituing Marikit" and wrote the song lyrics of "Tuldukan na'ng hapis" for Basil Valdez.Resume

Born in Cauayan, Isabela, <mask>'s native dialects were Ilocano and Ibanag, but he picked up on Tagalog and English through rental of Tagalog and Marvel komiks. He finished elementary school at St. Ferdinand College in Ilagan, Isabela, and high school at St. Anthony School in Singalong, Manila. He completed A.B. Economics at the University of the Philippines within 3 years at the age of 18. After graduating cum laude and valedictorian of class of 1971, he went on to earn his M.A. Economics at the same university, again graduating as class valedictorian in 1973. He was College Councilor and the Philippinensian Yearbook editor.He wrote his first play “Down the Basement” in 1970 after attending a playwriting course at the University of the Philippines, which was eventually published in the Philippine Collegian Folio. He was sent to the Kennedy School of Harvard University in 1979 for a master's degree in Public Administration (MPA). He graduated at the top of his Edward S. Mason Fellows class with straight A's. He then went for further studies in Columbia University for his Executive Program in Business Administration, finishing in 1983. And while he was in those universities, he took up courses such as Modern Drama, Shakespeare, Comedy and Film Theory. He worked for the Philippine government for more than twenty years. He was the youngest NEDA Director at 23 when he managed the Policy and Coordination Staff of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) from 1971 to 1981.He was likewise the youngest to be appointed as Executive Vice President, Corporate Services at the Philippine National Bank, from 1981 to 1993. There he also served as president of PNB Investments Ltd and a director of PNB Securities Inc. He taught part-time in U.P. Diliman and U.P. Manila, Ateneo, La Salle, Assumption, and U.E. [Ateneo is now considering to also nominate <mask> for the National Artist award.] He also worked for Experimental Cinema of the Philippines and for Tanghalang Pilipino and was co-founder of Dramatis Personae.Some Awards and Citations

In conferring the Tanglaw ng Lahi award to Noriega in 1995, Ateneo De Manila stated that:
“The significance of Noriega’s achievement in Theater and Film will be impoverished unless it is put in place with his career in banking and government service. Here one does not find the simple case of competition between work and avocation or between two careers or even loves. Noriega was expert in his two occupations – as writer and technocrat and he managed to put them together in his person. “Noriega has put form to the Filipino’s search for a sense of place in these works. His characters often find themselves out of place--literally and in every aspect. In probably his most popular play, Bayan-bayanan, they are Philippine Embassy staff, government employees training abroad, overseas contract workers, and other Filipino travelers exiled in Geneva. “There each of them has to contend with not only the bitter cold but also their individual fates and the usual situation of the exile, and their different responses to this plight are what Noriega is able to masterfully orchestrate.“Poverty makes Ramona Reyes, a household help in the play bearing her name, out of place in Forbes Park where she works. Ironically, going abroad as a domestic helper appears to her as her only escape. The myriad forms of exile are more directly depicted in Takas, a play about friendship between a Vietnamese refugee who comes to shore and the Filipino boy whose family takes in the stranger. In no time, the boy discovers that he too is a stranger in his own country. “Batang Pro, a controversial work about child prostitution, portrays the tragedy of children pushed out of their very childhood by dehumanizing destitution, while the film Soltero shows the anguish of an aging single male in a culture centered on family. “By presenting characters who are out of place and at the same time, refusing an easy way out for their dilemma, <mask> ennobles the plight and struggle of the Filipino. He takes an insider’s point of view to depict outsiders’ lives, and thus is able to confront, even satirize, every facet of Filipino life without despair nor disdain.The Filipino family takes center stage in Ang Mga Propesyonal and Kasalan sa Likod ng Simbahan, romance in Kenkoy Loves Rosing and W.I.S. (Walang Ibig Sabihin) and politics in Bongbong at Kris.”
“ It would be a mistake to think that <mask>'s sole achievement lies in having given voice to what every Filipino feels. His writing broke new artistic ground because the voices of his characters were neither the hysterical sobs of traditional Filipino melodrama nor the rhetorical protest of propaganda pieces. He wrote plays of differing structures and styles. Some are one-acters, others full-length. In a few, the influence of Chekhov appears; in others, that of the expressionists. “The role that music played changed from play to play.This creative freedom, far from simple experimentation, was based on his insight into the dynamics of insider and outsider; it enabled him to use styles and techniques wherever he found them without being afraid of being derivative. He always knew where he was writing from.”
In her book review in 1988, Doreen Fernandez wrote:
“Noriega’s skill is especially evident in the dialogue, which reproduces many different levels of colloquial Filipino (the college girl type, the movie/television gay variants, the almostformal etc. ), the editions of code-switching, and the variations proper to each character. The writer’s ear is true and his comic hand sure. “Bongbong at Kris which won a prize in the 1987 Cultural Center of the Philippines Playwriting contest, was one of the first plays written and staged after the end of the Marcos regime. This was a time when the playwrights who had written veiled and direct protest plays in the previous two decades were reassessing the matter for drama after the end of a period of unspoken but real censorship and suppression…
“Sana’y maaliw tayo”, Noriega ends, and indeed the play amuses and entertains. It is welcome comedy, since not too many contemporary playwrights - and indeed comparatively few in the history of Philippine drama - have devoted their talents to the comic genre.And it is welcome laughter, since it comments lightly but pointedly on the world of “pelikula’t politika” – on the mores and manners, on the pulsing and possible lives within Philippine media and politics.”
Jose Dalisay wrote in his article “ A writer's Baul” in Philstar.com, September 9, 2005:
“He was, to my mind, the best playwright we ever produced, bar none. His sense of the dramatic tended toward the deep, regretful sadness of foregone happiness and missed opportunities rather than riotous excess.”
Dean Rogelio Sicat, UP in his book review of Deuterium in 1995 wrote:
“I have observed the Philippine literary scene for over three decades as a practicing writer, a U.P. professor. Literary historian and critic, and as juror in all of the country’s most prestigious literary contests including the Carlos Palanca Awards for Literature (eight times), and the CCP. “Without any reservation, I consider <mask> M<mask>, Jr. as the best Filipino playwright today as evidenced by his output, books published, national awards, stagings in prestigious venues (including presentations abroad) and consistent recognition by peers and critics. “In Noriega, Filipino playwriting finally hurdled being tentative to become the fullblown and lively genre that it is now. He broke new ground between stereotyped tradition-bound Tagalog plays.The dominant playwright from the seventies to the present, Noriega who writes in everyday Filipino has a wide-ranging repertoire , from the personal to the social, from the comic to the tragic.”
His award in 1999 for Centennial Honors for the Arts (in Theater) read:
“Ang mga dula ni Bienvenido <mask> Jr.,mandudula ay kilala para sa kakaibang di-hayagang komentaryo sa masalimuot at nagtutunggaling pagpapahalaga’t identidad na Filipino. Bagama’t ang kanyang mga dula ay sumasaklaw sa tila malawakang isyu, nakikipag-usap ang mga ito sa mga kontemporanyong panlipunang problema. Ang laging nakataya sa kanyang mga dula ay ang isyu ng indibidwal at komunidad bilang analogo ng pambansang identidad….”
“Binigyang giya ni Noriega ang modernong Filipinong dulaan tungo sa natatangi at sensitibong apila sa mga isyu ng personal at pambansang identidad. “Para sa kanyang malawak at patuloy na pagtatangka sa paglalahad ng Filipinong identidad sa kanyang dula, madalas ay Kritikal sa mga institusyunal na kalakaran at nagsusumamo sa humastikong ideal na nagpapakilos tungo sa tinatanaw na egalitaryang kaayusanan, ang Parangal Sentenyal sa Sining at Kultura ay ginagawad ngayong ika-2 ng Pebrero 1999 kay Bienvenido Noriega Jr.”

Creative works
His famous plays are Bayan-Bayanan, Ramona Reyes ng Forbes Park, Kanluran ng Buhay, Ang Mga Propesyonal, W.I.S (Walang Ibang Sabihin), Takas, Regina Ramos ng Greenwich Village, Kenkoy loves Rosing, Naikwento Lang Sa Akin, Juan Luna, Barkada, Kasalan sa Likod ng Simbahan, Batang Pro, and Bongbong at Kris. Awards

National Honors
 1995 Tanglaw ng Lahi Award in Theater (Posthumous), Ateneo de Manila
 1999 Centennial Honors for the Arts (Theater), Cultural Center of the Philippines and Philippine Centennial Commission

Cultural Center of the Philippines Awards
 1975 Full Length Play Grand Prize Winner, “Bayan-bayanan”
 1976 Full Length Play, Second Prize, "Ramona Reyes ng Forbes Park"
 1976 Full Length Play Special Prize, “ Kasalan sa Likod ng Simbahan”
 1980 Full Length Play Third Prize, “W.I.S.

masks:
Bvenido Munoz Noriega Jrip
Bienvenido Noriega
Noriega
Noriega
Noriega
Noriega
Noriega
Noriega
Bienvenido
. Noriega
Noriega


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<mask>  (; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and <mask> (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on the first of the three thermodynamic laws. He developed the Rankine scale, an equivalent to the Kelvin scale of temperature, but in degrees Fahrenheit rather than Celsius. <mask> developed a complete theory of the steam engine and indeed of all heat engines. His manuals of engineering science and practice were used for many decades after their publication in the 1850s and 1860s. He published several hundred papers and notes on science and engineering topics, from 1840 onwards, and his interests were extremely varied, including, in his youth, botany, music theory and number theory, and, in his mature years, most major branches of science, mathematics and engineering. He was an enthusiastic amateur singer, pianist and cellist who composed his own humorous songs.<mask> was born in Edinburgh to Lt David Rankin (sic), a civil engineer from a military background, who later worked on the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway (locally known as the Innocent Railway). His mother was Barbara Grahame, of a prominent legal and banking family. His father moved around Scotland on various projects and the family moved with him. <mask> was initially educated at home but he later attended Ayr Academy (1828–29) and then the High School of Glasgow (1830). Around 1830 the family moved to Edinburgh when the father got a post as Manager of the Edinburgh to Dalkeith Railway. The family then lived at 2 Arniston Place. In 1834 he was sent to the Scottish Naval and Military Academy on Lothian Road in Edinburgh with the mathematician George Lee.By that year <mask> was already highly proficient in mathematics and received, as a gift from his uncle, Isaac Newton's Principia (1687) in the original Latin. In 1836, <mask> began to study a spectrum of scientific topics at the University of Edinburgh, including natural history under Robert Jameson and natural philosophy under James David Forbes. Under Forbes he was awarded prizes for essays on methods of physical inquiry and on the undulatory (or wave) theory of light. During vacations, he assisted his father who, from 1830, was manager and, later, effective treasurer and engineer of the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway which brought coal into the growing city. He left the University of Edinburgh in 1838 without a degree (which was not then unusual) and, perhaps because of straitened family finances, became an apprentice to Sir John Benjamin Macneill, who was at the time surveyor to the Irish Railway Commission. During his pupilage he developed a technique, later known as <mask>'s method, for laying out railway curves, fully exploiting the theodolite and making a substantial improvement in accuracy and productivity over existing methods. In fact, the technique was simultaneously in use by other engineers – and in the 1860s there was a minor dispute about Rankine's priority.The year 1842 also marked <mask>'s first attempt to reduce the phenomena of heat to a mathematical form but he was frustrated by his lack of experimental data. At the time of Queen Victoria's visit to Scotland, later that year, he organised a large bonfire situated on Arthur's Seat, constructed with radiating air passages under the fuel. The bonfire served as a beacon to initiate a chain of other bonfires across Scotland. In 1850 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being Prof James David Forbes. He won the Society's Keith Prize for the period 1851–53. He served as the Society's Vice President from 1871 to 1872. From 1855 he was Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics at Glasgow University.He died at 8 Albion Crescent (now called Dowanside Road), Dowanhill, Glasgow at 11:45pm on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1872, aged only 52. He was unmarried and had no children. His death was registered by his uncle, Alex Grahame (his late mother's brother in law). Thermodynamics
Undaunted, <mask> returned to his youthful fascination with the mechanics of the heat engine. Though his theory of circulating streams of elastic vortices whose volumes spontaneously adapted to their environment sounds fanciful to scientists formed on a modern account, by 1849, he had succeeded in finding the relationship between saturated vapour pressure and temperature. The following year, he used his theory to establish relationships between the temperature, pressure and density of gases, and expressions for the latent heat of evaporation of a liquid. He accurately predicted the surprising fact that the apparent specific heat of saturated steam would be negative.Emboldened by his success, in 1851 he set out to calculate the efficiency of heat engines and used his theory as a basis to deduce the principle, that the maximum efficiency possible for any heat engine is a function only of the two temperatures between which it operates. Though a similar result had already been derived by Rudolf Clausius and <mask>, <mask> claimed that his result rested upon his hypothesis of molecular vortices alone, rather than upon Carnot's theory or some other additional assumption. The work marked the first step on <mask>'s journey to develop a more complete theory of heat. In 1853, he coined the term potential energy. <mask> later recast the results of his molecular theories in terms of a macroscopic account of energy and its transformations. He defined and distinguished between actual energy which was lost in dynamic processes and potential energy by which it was replaced. He assumed the sum of the two energies to be constant, an idea already, although surely not for very long, familiar in the law of conservation of energy.From 1854, he made wide use of his thermodynamic function which he later realised was identical to the entropy of Clausius. By 1855, <mask> had formulated a science of energetics which gave an account of dynamics in terms of energy and its transformations rather than force and motion. The theory was very influential in the 1890s. In 1859 he proposed the Rankine scale of temperature, an absolute or thermodynamic scale whose degree is equal to a Fahrenheit degree. In 1862, <mask> expanded Lord Kelvin’s theory of universal heat death and, along with Kelvin himself, formulated the heat death paradox, which disproves the possibly of an infinitely old universe. Energetics offered <mask> an alternative, and rather more mainstream, approach, to his science and, from the mid-1850s, he made rather less use of his molecular vortices. Yet he still claimed that Maxwell's work on electromagnetics was effectively an extension of his model.And, in 1864, he contended that the microscopic theories of heat proposed by Clausius and James Clerk Maxwell, based on linear atomic motion, were inadequate. It was only in 1869 that <mask> admitted the success of these rival theories. By that time, his own model of the atom had become almost identical with that of Thomson. As was his constant aim, especially as a teacher of engineering, he used his own theories to develop a number of practical results and to elucidate their physical principles including:

The Rankine–Hugoniot equation for propagation of shock waves, governs the behaviour of shock waves normal to the oncoming flow. It is named after physicists <mask> and the French engineer Pierre Henri Hugoniot;
The Rankine cycle, an analysis of an ideal heat-engine with a condensor. Like other thermodynamic cycles, the maximum efficiency of the Rankine cycle is given by calculating the maximum efficiency of the Carnot cycle;
Properties of steam, gases and vapours. The history of rotordynamics is replete with the interplay of theory and practice.<mask> first performed an analysis of a spinning shaft in 1869, but his model was not adequate and he predicted that supercritical speeds could not be attained. Fatigue studies

<mask> was one of the first engineers to recognise that fatigue failures of railway axles was caused by the initiation and growth of brittle cracks. In the early 1840s he examined many broken axles, especially after the Versailles train crash of 1842 when a locomotive axle suddenly fractured and led to the death of over 50 passengers. He showed that the axles had failed by progressive growth of a brittle crack from a shoulder or other stress concentration source on the shaft, such as a keyway. He was supported by similar direct analysis of failed axles by Joseph Glynn, where the axles failed by slow growth of a brittle crack in a process now known as metal fatigue. It was likely that the front axle of one of the locomotives involved in the Versailles train crash failed in a similar way. <mask> presented his conclusions in a paper delivered to the Institution of Civil Engineers.His work was ignored however, by many engineers who persisted in believing that stress could cause "re-crystallisation" of the metal, a myth which has persisted even to recent times. The theory of recrystallisation was quite wrong, and inhibited worthwhile research until the work of <mask> a few years later, which showed the weakening effect of repeated flexure on large beams. Nevertheless, fatigue remained a serious and poorly understood phenomenon, and was the root cause of many accidents on the railways and elsewhere. It is still a serious problem, but at least is much better understood today, and so can be prevented by careful design. Other work

<mask> served as Regius Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Glasgow from November 1855 until his death in December 1872, pursuing engineering research along a number of lines in civil and mechanical engineering. <mask> was instrumental in the formation of the forerunner of Glasgow University Officer Training Corps, the 2nd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteer Corps at Glasgow University in July 1859, becoming Major in 1860 after it was formed into the first company of the 2nd Battalion, 1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteer Corps; he served until 1864, when he resigned due to pressure of work – much of it associated with Naval Architecture. Civil engineering
The <mask> Lectures, organised by the British Geotechnical Association, are named in recognition of the significant contributions Rankine made to:
Forces in frame structures;
Soil mechanics; most notably in lateral earth pressure theory and the stabilization of retaining walls.The <mask> method of earth pressure analysis is named after him. Naval architecture
<mask> worked closely with Clyde shipbuilders, especially his friend and lifelong collaborator James Robert Napier, to make naval architecture into an engineering science. He was a founding member, and first President of the Institution of Engineers & Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1857. He was an early member of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects (founded 1860) and attended many of its annual meetings. With <mask> and others, <mask> was a member of the board of enquiry into the controversial sinking of HMS Captain. Awards and honours
Fellow of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts
Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1843 (he was never a full Member)
Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1850
Fellow of the Royal Society of London, 1853
Keith Medal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1854
Founding President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, 1857
LL.D. from Trinity College, Dublin, 1857
Foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1868
The <mask> absolute Fahrenheit scale is named in his honour.Rankine, a small impact crater near the eastern limb of the Moon, is also named in his honour. In 2013 he was one of four inductees to the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame. Publications
Books
 Manual of Applied Mechanics (1858)
 Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers (1859)
 Manual of Civil Engineering (1861)
 Shipbuilding, theoretical and practical (1866)
 Manual of Machinery and Millwork (1869)

Papers
 On the Mechanical Action of Heat, especially in Gases and Vapours (1850), read at the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 4 February 1850
 On the General Law of Transformation of Energy (1853), read at the Glasgow Philosophical Society
 On the Thermodynamic Theory of Waves of Finite Longitudinal Disturbance (1869)
 Outlines of the Science of Energetics (1855), read at the Glasgow Philosophical Society
This work influenced French physicist Pierre Duhem's Traité de l'énergétique (1911) in which he considered thermodynamics, not classical mechanics, to be the more fundamental theory. About <mask>

See also
Momentum theory
State function
Track transition curve

References

External links

 J. Macquorn Rankine

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Academics of the University of Glasgow
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Fellows of the Royal Society
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19th-century Scottish businesspeople
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<mask> (born August 26, 1982) is an American former professional baseball utility player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Colorado Rockies, Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, Philadelphia Phillies,  Pittsburgh Pirates, and Kansas City Royals. His older brother, <mask>, has also played in MLB. Early life
<mask> was born in Dallas, Texas, and still makes his offseason home there. He attended Midland High School in Midland, Texas. Professional career
The Colorado Rockies selected <mask> as a sandwich pick (44th overall) between the first and second rounds of the 2001 Major League Baseball Draft as compensation for not signing their first round pick in the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft (Matt Harrington). He won the USA Baseball Richard W. "Dick" Case Player of the Year Award in 2007.Colorado Rockies
<mask> began the 2008 season as the Colorado Rockies starting second baseman but over the next month, he saw his playing time diminish. On April 26, 2008, <mask> was designated for assignment. He had played in 17 games and batted .111 with no home runs. On April 30 he cleared waivers and was sent outright to Triple-A. <mask> was batting .300 with 17 home runs and 49 RBI for the Sky Sox in 2008 when his minor league season ended as a result of his being selected for the 2008 USA Olympic Baseball Team. In the team's third game at the Olympics, against Cuba, <mask> hit a solo home run in the eighth inning. While leading off the eleventh inning with runners on first and second as per Olympic rules, <mask> fouled a ball off his left eye.He left the game for the hospital and missed the rest of the Beijing Games. Team USA lost, 5–4, to the defending champions in eleven innings. Chicago White Sox

On October 28, 2008, <mask> signed as a free agent with the Chicago White Sox. On May 7, 2009, <mask> hit his 1st career home run off of Armando Galarraga. He followed with his second career home run just five days later. On May 26, <mask> homered twice against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. On the same day, his brother, Laynce homered against the Houston Astros.On May 30, 2010 <mask> hit his first career grand slam against the Tampa Bay Rays. On June 18, 2010, he was designated for assignment to make room for prospect infielder Dayán Viciedo. Cleveland Indians
On June 24, 2010, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Cleveland Indians, and the team designated Shane Lindsay for assignment to make room for him. Jensen Lewis and Luis Valbuena were sent down to Triple A Columbus. Toronto Blue Jays
On March 29, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays for future cash considerations. He made his debut on April 2 against the Minnesota Twins, hitting a home run. On April 22 <mask> was slid into by Rays second baseman Sean Rodriguez and left the game with a left leg injury.He was placed on the 15-day disabled list for a left leg contusion on April 23. He returned from the disabled list on May 18, playing against the Tampa Bay Rays. He was designated for assignment on July 2. He became a free agent at season's end. New York Yankees
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees on November 23, 2011. He also received an invitation to spring training. <mask> was called up on May 3, 2012 by the Yankees.<mask> filled in as a backup infielder for the Yankees and started several games at shortstop and third base filling in for Derek Jeter and Alex Rodriguez. <mask> was the final out of the 2012 American League Championship Series popping up to first baseman Prince Fielder as the Yankees were swept and eliminated by the Detroit Tigers in 4 games. <mask> was placed on the 15-day disabled list on July 3, 2013, due to a hamstring strain. On August 21, <mask> was hit by an R. A. Dickey knuckleball and immediately removed from the game with what was later determined to be a broken left hand. On August 22, <mask> was placed on the 15-day disabled list. On September 1, 2013 he was transferred to the 60-day disabled list. After the season, <mask> was non-tendered by the Yankees, making him a free agent.Philadelphia Phillies
On January 9, 2014, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the Tampa Bay Rays. He was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for cash considerations on March 28, 2014. He was outrighted to the Lehigh Valley IronPigs on May 12, but refused the assignment on May 13 and became a free agent. Tampa Bay Rays
On May 16, 2014, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the Tampa Bay Rays. He was to report to the Triple-A Durham Bulls, and would be able to opt out of the contract if not on the major league roster by July 15. <mask> was released on August 1, 2014. Pittsburgh Pirates
On August 3, 2014, <mask> was signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates.<mask> was designated for assignment by the Pirates on August 25, 2014. Kansas City Royals
On August 28, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Kansas City Royals. Baltimore Orioles
On February 17, 2015, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles. Return to Philadelphia Phillies
On May 16, 2015, <mask> was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for cash considerations. He was released on June 23. References

External links

1982 births
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Asheville Tourists players
Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Baseball players from Dallas
Casper Rockies players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Living people
Major League Baseball second basemen
Colorado Rockies players
Chicago White Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Toronto Blue Jays players
New York Yankees players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Kansas City Royals players
Visalia Oaks players
Mesa Solar Sox players
Tulsa Drillers players
Team USA players
Yaquis de Obregón players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Birmingham Barons players
Charlotte Knights players
Senadores de San Juan players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Las Vegas 51s players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Tampa Yankees players
Durham Bulls players
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in baseball
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Los Angeles Angels scouts

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<mask> (born October 24, 1954) is an American accountant and politician serving as the U.S. representative for California's 30th congressional district since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he first entered Congress in 1997; <mask> represented California's 24th congressional district for three terms and California's 27th congressional district for five terms. His district is in the San Fernando Valley, in Los Angeles County, as well as the eastern part of the Simi Hills in Ventura County. He resides in Sherman Oaks. Early life, education, and early career
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, the son of Lane (from the Philadelphia area) and <mask> (from Indiana). His parents were both of Russian Jewish descent. He attended Mark Keppel High School and Corona del Mar High School.He received a B.A. in political science from University of California, Los Angeles, in 1974, and a J.D. magna cum laude from Harvard Law School in 1979. He is also a tax law specialist and Certified Public Accountant. Before joining Congress, <mask> worked at one of the nations' big-four CPA firms, participated in audits of large businesses and governmental entities as a staff member, provided tax law counsel on multi-million-dollar transactions, advised entrepreneurs and small businesses on tax and investment issues, and helped represent the Philippine government under Corazon Aquino in a successful effort to seize assets of deposed president Ferdinand Marcos. <mask> was also an instructor at Harvard Law School's International Tax Program. Board of Equalization (1991–1996)
<mask> served on the California State Board of Equalization from 1991 to 1996.He chaired the board from 1991 to 1995. It was reported that the campaign for the Board of Equalization involved numerous attacks. Claude Parrish, <mask>'s opponent, said that an attorney general candidate declined to endorse <mask> due to a post on the state's elected tax appeals board. <mask> replied, calling it "one of the most outrageous hit pieces in contemporary California political history". U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

In 1994, incumbent Democratic U.S. Representative Anthony C. Beilenson of California's 24th congressional district barely survived the Republican Revolution, winning reelection by a two-point margin, by far the worst election performance of his career. In 1996, Beilenson decided to retire. <mask> ran for the seat and won the seven-candidate Democratic primary with 54% of the vote.In the general election, he defeated Republican nominee Rich Sybert (also the 1994 nominee), 49%–44%. He has not faced another contest nearly that close since. In 1998, he was reelected with 57% of the vote. Since then, he has been reelected every two years with at least 62%. 2012

Redistricting following the 2010 census drew the homes of <mask> and fellow Democrat Howard Berman, who had previously represented the 28th district, into the 30th district. The redrawn 30th was more <mask>'s district than Berman's; <mask> retained approximately 60% of his former territory, while Berman retained 20% of his former voters. On June 5, 2012, <mask> faced Berman in the primary for the 30th district.<mask> finished first, leading 42% to 32%. Due to California's new election system, which put the two candidates who received the most votes in the primary against each other, regardless of party, the two faced each other again in the general election. Neither candidate was endorsed by the state Democratic Party. Berman was the more established candidate. He was endorsed by over 20 congressmen, including party leaders Steny Hoyer and Xavier Becerra, and by sitting Governor Jerry Brown, sitting Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, and the state's two U.S. senators, Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein. He was also endorsed by ten Republican congressmen from California: David Dreier, Wally Herger, Dan Lungren, Elton Gallegly, Buck McKeon, Ed Royce, Jerry Lewis, Ken Calvert, Mary Bono Mack, and Darrell Issa. In addition, he was endorsed by two Republican U.S. senators, John McCain and Lindsey Graham, and by Independent U.S. senator Joe Lieberman.<mask> was endorsed by then-Lieutenant Governor (and future Governor) Gavin Newsom, former President Bill Clinton, and former Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. In the general election, <mask> defeated Berman, 60%–40%. Tenure
First elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1996, <mask> is serving his 12th term in Congress. He is a senior member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and serves as the top Democrat on the Subcommittee on Asia. He is chairman emeritus of the Subcommittee on International Terrorism, Non-Proliferation, and Trade. He is also a senior member of the Financial Services Committee. <mask> has held over 160 Town Hall meetings since being elected to Congress.In the Washingtonian's 2012 anonymous survey of congressional staff, <mask> was named the second-meanest member of the House, after Sheila Jackson Lee. Environment

<mask> has earned a 100% rating from the Sierra Club and the League of Conservation Voters. Serving on the House Budget Committee in 1997, <mask> authored the Sherman Amendment to the Budget Resolution, providing an additional $700 million for the acquisition of environmentally important lands in FY 1998. <mask>'s voting record has most often earned him a 100% rating from the AFL-CIO, the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), and the American Federation of State, County, & Municipal Employees (AFSCME). <mask> was an original co-sponsor of The Employee Free Choice Act when it was introduced at the start of 2007 and when it was reintroduced in 2009. In 2008 and 2010, <mask> introduced legislation to eliminate so-called state "Right to Work" laws nationwide, and he supports a single national standard that protects labor rights. <mask> has also opposed Free Trade deals with South Korea, Colombia, and other countries, because he believes they are bad for American workers.Transportation
<mask> has worked to reduce airport noise in the San Fernando Valley. He joined several colleagues in introducing legislation, the Valley-Wide Noise Relief Act, to allow the operator of Bob Hope Airport to implement a mandatory nighttime curfew. <mask> secured federal funds to initiate several improvements at the 101/405 interchange. Animal rights
<mask>'s voting record has earned him a 100% rating in 2004 from the Humane Society, which has awarded him the "Humane Champion" award for five consecutive years. In 2017 and 2018, the Animal Welfare Institute gave <mask> a rating of 68%, based on congressional voting records. Fiscal policy
<mask> "led the House revolt" against the original $700 billion bailout plan, known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). He introduced the "Too Big to Fail, Too Big to Exist Act", with regard to large financial entities.In 2010, <mask> received a 61% rating from the Chamber of Commerce and a 55% rating from the National Federation of Independent Business. In 2018, the Chamber of Commerce gave <mask> a 55% rating on issues relating to budget, spending, and taxes, and a 41% rating on issues relating to businesses and consumers. Financial crisis
During the debate over the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (commonly known as "the bailout of the U.S. financial system"), <mask> was an early and outspoken critic of the proposal, leading the House revolt against the bill, a move that made him "spectacularly unpopular with both the Republican and Democratic leaderships, not to mention K Street". He argued that Bush and his advisors had created a panic atmosphere in an effort to get lawmakers to rubber-stamp the bill. Social Security and health care
<mask> has said he is "opposed to creating a voucher system for Medicare". He wants to avoid "turn[ing] Social Security into a welfare program", instead keeping it "for people who contribute to it". For his voting record and efforts in Congress, <mask> has consistently earned a 100% rating from the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare and the AARP.He supports the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. <mask> helped secure funds to develop a new women's and children's patient wing at El Proyecto del Barrio's Family Health Care Clinic in Winnetka. Housing
<mask> introduced the Preserving Equal Access to Mortgage Finance Programs Act (HR 1754), which raises the conforming loan limit for FHA loans in high-cost areas such as <mask>'s district. <mask> frequently holds seminars for Valley residents in his district, to address issues of home purchasing, home refinancing, and foreclosure avoidance. Civil liberties
<mask>'s legislative record received a 100% rating from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) in 2011, a 100% from the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 2007–08, a 100% from the Human Rights Campaign in 2009–10, and a 98% rating from the NAACP in 2009–10. <mask> co-sponsored the Due Process Guarantee Act, which amends the Non-Detention Act of 1971 to provide that Congressional authorization of the use of military force does not authorize the indefinite detention without charge or trial of U.S. citizens. In 2011, <mask> voted against reauthorizing the Patriot Act because of concerns that it would infringe on certain civil liberties, including the "library provision" that allows the FBI to acquire records about what books a person has checked out from libraries.Foreign relations
In August 2010, <mask> introduced legislation aimed at rescinding China's Most Favored Nation status as long as there was not "a more level playing field between our two nations". He said, "the U.S.-China trade relationship is horrendously lopsided". <mask> has introduced or co-sponsored more than 20 bills in the 111th and 112th Congresses that he says "enact tougher sanctions to isolate Iran economically and diplomatically". His efforts have included legislation designed to close loopholes for U.S. companies with subsidiaries operating in Iran, and to curtail U.S. funding of international organizations providing loans to Iran. <mask> has been a strong supporter and advocate of the U.S-Israel relationship, consistently supporting aid to Israel. In 2016, he called the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), Washington's chief pro-Israel lobbying and advocacy organization, "the single most important organization in promoting the U.S.-Israel alliance". In 2004, <mask> first introduced the U.S.-Israel Energy Cooperation Act.It provides grants to joint ventures between American and Israeli academics and

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 private companies that conduct research and develop energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies. On July 9, 2014, <mask> appeared as a guest commentator on the Al Jazeera America's network. During his appearance, he criticized the network's Qatar-based owners for funding Hamas. <mask> said: "Every one of those rockets [fired by Hamas into Israeli cities] is a war crime, almost every one. Of course it's a war crime committed by Hamas. And of course the owners of this TV network help fund Hamas." <mask> emphasized that Hamas often aims attacks at civilian targets.The Qatari government owns Al Jazeera. In December 2014, <mask> and Representative Pete Roskam requested new sanctions on Qatar in a letter to Secretary of Treasury Jack Lew. They also asked for a detailed accounting of public and private financing from within Qatar for Hamas, Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the al-Nusra Front. <mask> and other pro-Israel members of Congress have introduced legislation to allow Israel to be part of the visa waiver program. The legislation failed because the Israeli government was unwilling to grant reciprocal visa-free travel for all U.S. citizens. As a senior member of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, <mask> has focused on Congressional recognition of the Armenian genocide, as well as increasing funding to Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, which is officially part of Azerbaijan, but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces backed by Armenia since the end of a separatist war in 1994. He called for the imposition of sanctions against Azerbaijan.<mask> urged the Trump administration to take a tougher line on China by imposing sanctions on Chinese officials who are responsible for human rights abuses against the Uyghur Muslim minority in China's Xinjiang region. In March 2019, <mask> and other lawmakers wrote Secretary of State Mike Pompeo a letter that read in part, "This issue is bigger than just China. It is about demonstrating to strongmen globally that the world will hold them accountable for their actions." Religion
<mask> and his wife, who are Jewish, have been members of Valley Beth Shalom, a conservative synagogue in Encino, California, for many years. As a congressman, <mask> has appeared at events sponsored by virtually every religious denomination practiced in America – including Orthodox Jewish, Reform Jewish, Conservative Jewish, Reconstructionist Jewish, Traditional Persian Jewish, Sephardic Jewish, Scientologist, Muslim, Catholic, Roman Catholic, Coptic Christian, The Assyrian Church, Greek Orthodox, the Armenian Church, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Russian Orthodox, the Hungarian reformed Orthodox Church, Episcopalian, Methodist, Presbyterian, the Church of Christ, nondenominational Christian, and evangelical Christian. <mask> expressed condolences to the Sikh community after the deadly shootings at a Sikh temple in August 2012. After the September 11 attacks, <mask> joined colleagues in introducing a resolution to condemn bigotry and violence against Sikh-Americans.He has advocated on behalf of religious minorities outside the U.S., including Hindus in Pakistan and Christians and Jews in the Arab world. <mask> introduced the Religious Minorities in the Arab World Resolution, which calls for the protection of the rights and freedoms of ethno-religious minorities, particularly in Egypt and Iraq. Internet policy
In 2011, <mask> co-sponsored SOPA, a controversial copyright bill. His 2012 opponent, Howard Berman, was an original co-sponsor of SOPA. Cryptocurrency

On March 14, 2018, <mask> made highly critical remarks about Bitcoin, cryptocurrency, and initial coin offerings. He started his prepared remarks by saying, "Cryptocurrencies are a crock". He further said, on Congressional record, that all Bitcoin does is allow "a few dozen men in my district to sit in their pajamas on their couch all day and tell their wives they are going to be millionaires".He further suggested that Bitcoin provides no value to the real economy, asking: "When you buy a Bitcoin, are you helping build a new factory?" On July 18, 2018, <mask> called for a ban on dealing in or mining of cryptocurrencies by U.S. persons and said that use of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange is useful only to people facilitating narcotics trafficking, terrorism, and tax evasion. LGBT
<mask> strongly supports LGBT rights. He earned a 100% rating from the Human Rights Campaign, the nation's largest LGBT rights group, in the 114th, 113th, and 112th Congresses. <mask> is a member of the LGBT Equality Caucus and supports same-sex marriage. He voted for the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010. <mask> was an original co-sponsor of Representative Jared Polis's Student Non-Discrimination Act.<mask> is also a co-sponsor of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. In 2009, he voted for the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr., Hate Crimes Prevention Act, which imposes additional federal penalties for crimes motivated by hatred on the basis of race, religion, or actual or perceived sexual orientation. Abortion
<mask> is pro-choice. He earned a 100% rating from NARAL and Planned Parenthood in 2009. Gun control
<mask> has worked to expand the definition of armor-piercing ammunition. He sponsored the Protect Law Enforcement Armor (PLEA) Act. <mask> has received a 100% rating from the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence.International trade
<mask> opposed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), arguing that they cost American jobs, fail to protect foreign workers, harm the environment, and cost U.S. taxpayers billions of dollars. He has also opposed a Free Trade Agreement with South Korea, arguing that such an agreement could undermine U.S. security and economic interests by benefiting China and North Korea. Education
<mask> has earned a 100% rating from the California Teachers Association, the National Education Association, and the American Federation of Teachers. Office environment
In December 2017, eight former aides to <mask> said that his offices in Washington, D. C., and California had a toxic environment characterized by frequent "verbal abuse from the congressman and senior staff that made them feel bullied and demoralized". A focus of the criticism was Matt Dababneh, Sherman's district director and a close advisor, who began working for <mask> in 2005, and became district director to <mask> in 2009. Dababneh was elected to the California State Assembly in 2013 and resigned from that body after allegations of sexual assault and other misconduct were made against him. Former employees in <mask>'s office told the Los Angeles Times that Dababneh frequently made inappropriate sexual remarks, including degrading and sexist comments, and bragged about his sexual exploits.No one suggested that <mask> knew of Dababneh's conduct, but several staffers said that the office environment did not encourage reporting and that <mask> would not have been receptive to complaints about a trusted advisor. <mask> has acknowledged being "a demanding boss" but "denied that his management style contributed to the silence about Dababneh's behavior". Surveys of Capitol Hill staff rated <mask> as one of the worst members of Congress to work for, with high staff turnover rates. In January 2018, <mask> held a town hall meeting in Reseda, where a questioner who supported a Democratic primary challenger to <mask> accused <mask> of having an inadequate sexual harassment policy. <mask> replied: "We have five different ways to report sexual harassment in my office. One among those is to talk to me personally. And I talk to each staff member several times a year about the office policy."The exchange was cut from a video of the event that <mask>'s office posted to YouTube; the office said that it excluded from the highlight reel "all questions asked by a questioner working with an opponent's campaign if the questioner failed to disclose that fact in their question". Impeachment
On July 12, 2017, <mask> introduced an Article of Impeachment (H. Res. 438) against President Donald J. Trump for High Crimes and Misdemeanors on the grounds that Trump attempted to obstruct justice by firing James Comey from the F.B.I. Sherman had only one co-sponsor, Al Green, who first called for Trump's impeachment in May 2017. Committee assignments
 Committee on Financial Services
United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Investor Protection, Entrepreneurship, and Capital Markets, Chairman
 United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing, Community Development, and Insurance
 United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Financial Institutions
 Committee on Foreign Affairs
Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-Proliferation
 United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on International Development, International Organizations, and Global Corporate Social Impact
 United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Middle East, North Africa, and Global Counter-Terrorism
 Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
 United States House Science Subcommittee Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics

Caucus memberships
Congressional Progressive Caucus
Israel Allies Caucus (co-chair)
Congressional Sindh Caucus (chair)
 House Baltic Caucus
Congressional Arts Caucus
Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus

Personal life
On December 3, 2006, <mask> married Lisa Nicola Kaplan, a foreign affairs officer for the U.S. State Department. The couple's first child, Molly Hannah <mask>, was born on January 14, 2009. Their second, Naomi Claire <mask>, was born on February 6, 2010.Their third, Lucy Rayna <mask>, was born on August 8, 2011. See also
 List of Jewish members of the United States Congress

References

External links

 Congressman <mask> official U.S. House website
 <mask> for Congress

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1954 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
California Democrats
California lawyers
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Harvard Law School alumni
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from California
People from Monterey Park, California
People from Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles
Politicians from Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
21st-century American Jews
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from

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<mask><mask> (born 1953) is an American attorney, former government official, and legal scholar who is an adjunct professor of law and the former executive director of the State Energy & Environmental Impact Center at the New York University School of Law. The State Impact Center is dedicated to helping state attorneys general fight against regulatory rollbacks and advocate for clean energy, climate change and environmental values and protections. It was launched in August 2017 with support from Bloomberg Philanthropies and is non-partisan. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Rochester, New York. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Notre Dame in 1975 and a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1978. Career

U.S. Department of the Interior
<mask> served as counselor to Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt, and then as the Senate-confirmed Deputy Secretary of the Interior, during the Clinton administration (1997–2001). Before and between his service in the Clinton and Obama administrations, <mask> practiced environmental and energy law as Global Chairman of the Environment, Land and Resources department at the firm of Latham & Watkins (1990–1997; 2001–2008).He was a Senior Fellow at the Hewlett Foundation from 2013 to 2014, and he previously served as a Senior Fellow of the World Wildlife Fund, and as a senior fellow at the Progressive Policy Institute (the think tank affiliated with the Democratic Leadership Council). Prior to his appointment as Deputy Secretary, <mask> headed up energy and the environment agency review for President-elect Obama's Transition Team, with responsibility over the Departments of Agriculture, Interior, Energy and the EPA. He was a lead environmental and energy advisor to the Kerry campaign in 2004; acted as special emissary for Vice President Gore to advise the new president of Bolivia on sustainable development issues in 1993 and 1994; and served on the EPA Transition Team for President-elect Clinton in 1992. During <mask>' first tenure as Deputy Secretary of the Interior, he focused on environmental priorities, including the acquisition and protection of threatened lands (e.g., the Headwaters old-growth redwood forest in Northern California); the restoration of threatened ecosystems (e.g. the Bay-Delta ecosystem restoration project in California); the introduction of modern water management approaches in the west (e.g. the Colorado River initiatives undertaken by the Clinton administration); the negotiation of habitat conservation plans under the Endangered Species Act; energy-related issues associated with federal lands and resources (e.g. oil and gas development, hydropower licensing, etc.); and the settlement of long-standing Indian water and land disputes. From 2009 to July 2013, he was the Deputy Secretary and CEO of the United States Department of the Interior in the Obama administration. His nomination was confirmed by unanimous consent on May 20, 2009 by the United States Senate and he took office on May 22, 2009. <mask>’ confirmation was delayed, and subject to a cloture vote, based on then-Senator Bob Bennett’s objections to Secretary Salazar's cancellation of an oil and gas lease sale in Utah. During his tenure as Deputy Secretary, <mask> facilitated the development of major renewable energy projects by helping to institute permitting reforms and introducing landscape-scale planning for solar projects on public lands and wind projects in offshore waters. He oversaw the establishment of a network of climate science and regional cooperatives to address climate change impacts on resources; managed the day-to-day response to the Gulf Oil spill; negotiated a resolution of the Cobell Indian trust fund litigation and oversaw the settlement of several Indian water rights settlements; and was the point person for the Administration on water issues in California and energy issues in Alaska. After helping to develop the Administration's response to the African wildlife trafficking crisis, the President appointed <mask> to the White House Advisory Council on Wildlife Trafficking.From August 2017 through January 2021, <mask> was the executive director at the State Energy & Environmental Impact Center at NYU School of Law. <mask> now serves in the Biden administration as Special Assistant to the President for Climate Policy. Non-profit work
Active in the non-profit field, <mask> is the former chairman of the board of the non-partisan Environmental Law Institute. He also served as the Vice-Chairman of the national conservation group, American Rivers, and was a board member of RESOLVE, a non-profit that focuses on problem-solving in the energy and environmental fields. <mask> is a currently a member of the board of directors for the Coalition for Green Capital and the Advisory Council of Stanford's Bill Lane Center for the American West. Academics
During the 2007–2008 academic year, <mask> was a consulting professor at Stanford University's Woods Institute for the Environment, where he undertook a special project analyzing the regulatory challenges associated with carbon offsets. His report was published by the Center for American Progress.He is the author of dozens of journal articles on issues related to energy and the environment. Prior to leading the State Impact Center, he was a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer at Law at Stanford Law School and affiliated with Stanford's Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy. As a Visiting Lecturer at Stanford, <mask> has developed and taught courses focused on renewable and conventional energy development and regulation, international wildlife trafficking, NEPA reform, and the Arctic. He has published several articles relating to this work. He served as chairman of the Board of Visitors for the Stanford Law School. Personal life
<mask> lives in Arlington, VA with his wife Elizabeth Haile <mask>. They have three children.References

External links

1953 births
American chief operating officers
American environmentalists
American lawyers
Clinton administration personnel
Obama administration personnel
Living people
People associated with Latham & Watkins
People from Palo Alto, California
Politicians from Rochester, New York
Stanford Law School faculty
Stanford Law School alumni
United States Deputy Secretaries of the Interior
University of Notre Dame alumni

masks:
David J
. Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
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Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
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Hayes
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<mask> (born 13 May 1962) is an Australian comedian, actor, writer, director, singer, artist and television personality. As a comedian, he is best known both for Good News Week and for his role as a member of the musical comedy group the Doug Anthony All Stars, which disbanded in 1994 but reformed in 2014; he has also performed individually and as a part of GUD. He has frequently appeared at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and taken part in its two major televised productions, the Comedy Festival Gala and the Great Debate. He has also hosted two other ABC programs and briefly featured on Triple J as a morning radio presenter between 1996 and 1997. He hosted Good News Week until 2012, and has since pursued his painting career, and given a series of concerts featuring self-penned songs of a more serious nature. McDermott is a published author, having released several books both in collaboration with the Doug Anthony All Stars and individually. He has written as a columnist for a number of Australian newspapers and a selection of his columns have been compiled into a book, The Forgetting of Wisdom.He has also written and illustrated two storybooks, both of which have been adapted into short films with <mask> scripting, directing, performing and painting all of the animations. Personal life
<mask> was born in Adelaide, South Australia, a fraternal twin and one of six children in a Catholic family. His father, John, was a senior public servant and his mother, Betty, a home manager. The family moved to Canberra when McDermott was three. He attended Marist College Canberra, where he describes himself as having been painfully shy and a "bit of a loner"; Dickson College; and the Canberra School of Art at the Australian National University, where he studied art for four years. He describes painting as his first love, and still considers his final year piece at art school to be his finest work. Indeed, he only started performing at the age of 25 because he needed money to buy canvases."It was either that or waiting on tables and I thought I'd soon get pissed off with people doing that," he says. Privately, McDermott maintains his interest in art through painting, drawing and hand-crafting books. He works under the alias of artist 'Young Master <mask>'. He has criticised the war on drugs and society's tendency to ignore the large drug subculture that involves people of all ages. "It's out there and it happens, but there's still a fear of talking about it," he says. "In cities like Manchester, with unemployment problems, there are no-alcohol venues where five thousand people under the age of sixteen are eccy'd off their heads every Saturday night." He has one son, Xavier, with his partner Melissa Lyne.He is also the first cousin of retired Adelaide Crows AFL footballer and current Adelaide media personality <mask>. Career

Doug Anthony All Stars

McDermott began busking in 1985, which he says equipped him with useful experience and the ability to cope with most situations when he later started performing in clubs. He joined a group called Gigantic Fly which performed at a new Canberra club called Cafe Boom Boom. It was here that he got to know Tim Ferguson and Richard Fidler of the musical comedy group the Doug Anthony All Stars (DAAS). <mask> was asked to join the group when the third member, Robert Piper, left due to other commitments. His primary reason for joining, he says, was monetary: "I'd been stealing canvas from the bins around the art school." Initially busking and performing live in clubs, with <mask> writing the majority of their material and songs, DAAS achieved success at the 1986 Adelaide Fringe Festival and subsequently travelled to Britain for the Edinburgh Fringe festival, where they were nominated for the Perrier Award.They toured both nationally and internationally, appearing on British television and playing at the opening of the Barcelona Olympics. After initially struggling to gain success in Australia, in 1989 DAAS was picked up to perform on the ABC show The Big Gig, on which they became a popular feature. They appeared frequently on the show until 1991, when the group premiered their own series on the ABC, DAAS Kapital, which ran for two seasons. McDermott says that he liked performing with DAAS because it allowed him to bring together a range of his interests—he got to write, perform, sing, create costumes and paint backdrops. The group split up in 1995 after a final farewell tour of Australia. Rumours of a falling out among the trio persisted for many years, but all three maintained that they had parted on good terms and that it had simply been time to move on, as they had wanted to pursue careers in different directions. Ferguson has since revealed that the break-up was in large part due to his being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1995.In the two years following the break-up of DAAS, McDermott wrote two film scripts and the stage show MOSH!. He says that he was not particularly interested in returning to comedy, which he came to regard as an "aberration, something that had been good to do for eight years but now it was over," until in 1996 he was recruited as host of the satirical news-based quiz show Good News Week. In 2014, <mask> and Tim Ferguson reunited to tour Australia as the Doug Anthony All Stars, with frequent collaborator <mask> (also known as "Flacco") replacing Richard Fidler as guitarist due to Fidler's radio commitments. Television career
In 1996, <mask> was recruited by director Ted Robinson, with whom he had previously worked on The Big Gig, to host Good News Week, which aired on the ABC from 1996 to 1998, and on Network Ten from 1999 to 2000 and then returned in 2008 for a new series. He hosted the AFI awards in 2002, and in 2004 and 2005 presented the ABC show Strictly Dancing. <mask> reunited with Robinson in 2007 when he was named host of a new ABC variety program, The Sideshow, a show described as a successor to The Big Gig. It premiered on 21 April 2007, and quickly built a strong cult audience.However, due in part to poor programming, the show did not rate well and was cancelled after its initial run of 26 episodes. <mask> says he was saddened by The Sideshow'''s cancellation as he believed it was an excellent venue for performers of alternative work which would have achieved ratings success if it had been allowed to continue. <mask> returned to regular television hosting in July 2015 as the host of Room 101, an Australian version of the long running British TV Show of the same name, airing on SBS One. In 2018, <mask> returned to the ABC as presenter of quiz show Think Tank. Good News Week

<mask> hosted Good News Week from 1996 until its cancellation in 2000, as well as its two spinoffs, Good News Weekend (1998) and GNW Night Lite (1999), and reprised this role when the series returned in 2008. A comedic quiz show with a similar format to that of the British program Have I Got News for You, it features two teams, with two permanent captains and four guests, competing to answer questions based on recent news events. <mask> opens each show with a humorous monologue based on the news on the week and is responsible for posing questions and awarding points to teams."I'm sort of judge, jury and executioner," he says of his role. The show premiered on the ABC, but moved to Network Ten in 1999. The ABC was initially apprehensive about Robinson's choice of <mask> as host. He had dreadlocks at the time, and was best known for the crude, aggressive "bad boy" character he had played in the Doug Anthony All Stars, which many tended to confuse with his actual personality. In addition, it was doubted that he was capable of ad libbing and speaking well, as in past interviews he had usually allowed his fellow band members to do most of the talking. <mask> cut off his dreadlocks for the show and succeeded in broadening his appeal by showing a gentler, more charming side as host. He has said that although he feels there are still elements of his more aggressive character in Good News Week, they are "toned down...I've got to be the generous host now, spin-the-wheel sort of thing. I'm basing myself on Mike Brady now. I'm the disciplinarian." He would regularly sing on the program, particularly on Good News Weekend and GNW Night Lite, including some of his own original songs. In one episode, <mask> performed the self-penned "Shut Up and Kiss Me" as a duet with Fiona Horne. It was met with such a warm reception from viewers that it was eventually released as a single. Some of his other musical performances from the series are featured on the CD Good News Week Tapes Volume 2, and a collection of his monologues from the start of the show appear on Good News Week Tapes Volume 1.<mask> expressed his relief when the show was cancelled in 2000, saying that he could not have maintained the relentless production schedule for much longer. "I'm just so tired, I don't feel I have been human for five years," he said. Network Ten had initially intended only to bring back Good News Week as a one-off special, but decided to expand it after the short supply of US shows resulting from the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike caused the network to take an interest in developing more local programs. The revived series premiered on 11 February 2008 with <mask> reprising his role as host. In 2010, <mask> was nominated for a Gold Logie Award for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television. Live comedy
<mask> describes his performance style as "in your face and unapologetic, grotesque, offensive, loud. But it's all essentially me with the amp turned up—I don't own that many great acting skills."He has stated that he does not consider any subject out of bounds in terms of comedy, which is "one of [his] problems". "I honestly believe you can make a joke about anything if you have something to say," he says. "It really depends on the motivation... The moral objective, I suppose." He is interested in topical humour and targets issues about which he feels passionately, including the detainment of David Hicks, the AWB scandal, torture and the War on Terror. In 1995 he wrote, directed and performed in a stage show entitled MOSH!, which he says is based on "my drug-addled observations when I've been abusing substances". MOSH!received a range of responses; it won the award for best fringe show at the Adelaide festival and was described by one reviewer as "often hilarious", but was savaged by other critics as being "gratuitously offensive". Columbia Artists expressed interest in the show, but after nearly a decade of international travel with the Doug Anthony All Stars, <mask> did not wish to go to New York to do an off-Broadway show. He reappeared in the Melbourne International Comedy Festival from 2002 with Cameron Bruce and Mick Moriarty in a music-based comedy trio called GUD. The group uses topical humour in its music; their act includes songs about Osama bin Laden, the transportation of live animal stock and what they describe as contemporary Australian "folk heroes" such as Chopper Read, Rene Rivkin and convicted serial killer Ivan Milat. McDermott says that GUD is in a similar vein to the Doug Anthony All Stars in that it revolves around music, comedy and the inter-relationships between the band members onstage. According to McDermott, the group is named GUD in mockery of the way American people pronounce the word "God", "because that's who Americans thank at awards ceremonies, and I thought someone should be taking the credit." Their 2003 show, "Gud Ugh", won The Age Critic's Choice Award for best Australian show of the festival.In 2002, he also performed a solo stand-up show entitled Comedyoscopy, a deconstruction of comedy, comedic techniques and what makes people laugh. He has frequently participated in the televised Comedy Festival Gala, appearing in 2008 as its host, and has often captained one of the two competing teams in the festival's Great Debate since his first debate appearance in 1994. Other projects
McDermott has written as a columnist for The Sydney Morning Herald, The Sun-Herald, The Weekend Australian and The Age. In late 2000, a selection of his columns were published in his first solo book, The Forgetting of Wisdom. Prior to this, he had coauthored books with the Doug Anthony All Stars (Book, DAAS Kapital and Trip) and the writers of Good News Week (Good News Week Books One and Two). He has also written and illustrated three children's books, two of which (being The Scree and The Girl Who Swallowed Bees) have been adapted into short films with McDermott scripting, directing, performing and painting all of the animations. <mask> describes the stories as "little Gothic, dark, morality tales" which draw on the dark children's tales he consumed during his own childhood, such as the Brothers Grimm's fairy tales.The 2004 film adaptation of The Scree won Best Film at the 2005 Flickerfest International Film Festival and was nominated for an AFI Award for Best Short Fiction Film, while The Girl Who Swallowed Bees (2007) won the AFI Award for Best Short Animation. <mask> says he enjoys filmmaking because it brings together all of his skills. He reportedly has plans to work on a third short film, entitled Crab Boy and the Girl in the Shell, and has expressed an interest in moving into feature films. He also voiced characters in the 2009 short film Tegan the Vegan. <mask> has also had roles in Australian film, musical theatre and radio. In 2002, he appeared in the Australian theatre production of The Witches of Eastwick in the role of Darryl Van Horne. Despite having sworn he would never do a musical, <mask> says he was interested in the show because "it was still forming, still shaping.It's more challenging than doing a musical that's already in place." He has also had small acting roles in several Australian films, including that of the band manager in The Night We Called It a Day and Trevor in the TV miniseries Through My Eyes: The Lindy Chamberlain Story. In 2020, it was reported that he would play the leading role in an upcoming miniseries, The Home Team, opposite actress, Tara Morice. Between 1996 and 1997 he co-hosted the breakfast radio program on Triple J with Mikey Robins, Steve Abbott and later Jen Oldershaw. Since the end of Good News Week, <mask> has toured in a series of concerts called "Paul Sings", in which he performed a number of serious songs, most of which were previously aired on Good News Week or The Sideshow. He was appointed Fringe Ambassador for the Adelaide Fringe in 2013. Throughout 2018 to 2020, <mask> turned many of his paintings into a short children's picture book, "Ghostbear".The book published in late 2020, through Omnibus Books (an imprint of Scholastic) to critical and commercial success. Works

Discography

Albums

Extended Plays

Singles

See also
 DAAS Icon (1990)
 Dead & Alive (1993)
 The Last Concert (1995)

Filmography
 Live at the National Theatre (1990)
 The Edinburgh Years (1990)
 DAAS Kapital (1991–1992)
 Dead & Alive (1993)
 Good News Week (1996–2000, 2008–2012)
 Good News Week: Unseen and Obscene (1998)
 The Night We Called it a Day (2003)
 Medusa: First Date (2004)
 The Scree (2004)
 Through My Eyes: The Lindy Chamberlain Story (2004)
 The Girl Who Swallowed Bees (2007)
 The Unlimited Uncollectible Sterling Deluxe Edition (2008)
 Tegan the Vegan (2011)
 Wentworth (2013)
 Della Mortika: Steampunk Adventures (2015)
 Think Tank (2018)

Bibliography
 BOOK (1989)
 Good News Week Book One (1997)
 Good News Week Book Two (1998)
 The Forgetting of Wisdom (2000)
 The Scree (2001)
 The Girl Who Swallowed Bees (2002)
 Fragments of the Hole (2015)
Ghostbear (2020)

References

External links

1962 births
Living people
ARIA Award winners
Australian television presenters
Australian painters
Australian male comedians
Australian male film actors
Australian male television actors
Australian buskers
People from Adelaide
Triple J announcers
Twin people from Australia
People educated at Dickson College
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors
20th-century Australian male singers
21st-century Australian male singers
Australian satirists

masks:
Paul Anthony Michael McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
Paul
Chris McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
Paul Livingston
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
McDermott
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McDermott


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<mask> (French: /Geneviève/; born October 18, 1972) is an American television personality, media personality, businesswoman and television producer. Early life
<mask> was born in Anaheim, California, to Bob and <mask>. <mask> is the eldest of five children. Career

Spokesmodeling
When Chappell was 20 years of age she was approached by a representative for the St. Pauli Girl Brewery and asked to be the official St. Pauli Girl for Oktoberfest in Huntington Beach. There at the event she caught the eyes of other marketing representatives and began working as an official spokesmodel and poster girl for Budweiser USA. She also represented many automotive and motorsports companies as a narrator/spokesmodel at numerous trade shows and conventions around the United States and Canada. This led to bookings as a live emcee, narrator, and presenter with a variety of companies including Sony, Microsoft, SEMI Conductors, Qubica USA, IBM, and Hilton Hotels.Modeling
<mask> gained recognition from the print work she was doing as a spokesmodel. An agent approached her and suggested she put a composite card together along with a portfolio and pursue modeling. She took that advice and has since worked as a model for companies such as Disney, Intex H2O Toys, Von Dutch, Mission Hockey, NAPA Auto Parts, EBC Brakes, NHRA, Scripto Lighters, True Hardware, K&N Airfilter, NOS, Garrett Turbocharger, MSD 6A Ignition, along with many publications: fitness catalogues, bridal magazines, Hot Rod Magazine, Velocity Magazine, OC Family, Where OC and more. Television
In the fall of 1999, Mission Hockey offered Chappell (their current female spokesmodel) a main role as a host in the company’s hockey commercial. WCEC Productions, the production company hired to produce the commercial, was based in San Diego, California. The producers liked Chappell's outgoing personality and knowledge of sports. Two months later, with no prior television hosting experience, the producers hired her on to host a syndicated sports show for San Diego Channel 4.She covered a wide range of sports, interviewing big time sports celebrities such as Los Angeles Lakers Kobe Bryant and Coach Phil Jackson, Olympic Stars; Christy Yamaguchi and Tara Lipinski, MLB's Tony Gwynn, skateboarding legend Tony Hawk, several wrestlers of the WWE and motorcross stars from X-Games and Vans Triple Crown Motocross, along with athletes from the NHL, NBA, NFL and more. In May 2006, <mask> became the first female host of Mothers Polish Car Show Series on ESPN. That same season she also hosted ESPN’s In the Drivers Seat where she worked alongside the father of drag racing “Big Daddy” Don Garlits. In 2007 Chappell hosted ESPN’s Mothers Polish Car Show Competition alongside co-hosts Griff Allen and David "Doc" Riley. The group traveled around the country covering custom car shows for the series. Because of her knowledge and passion for custom, classic and vintage cars, another call came in from ESPN executives which offered Chappell a position as a co-host, alongside Griff Allen on Bidding Wars, part of ESPN's Garage Block. In its first season, the program ran during the second quarter of 2007.The second season ran in the second quarter of 2008. In 2007, it was said to be ESPN2's highest rated program in its Saturday morning / Wednesday or Thursday afternoon motorsports block with a high rating of 4.1 - outperforming NASCAR Today. The program was voiced over by David "Doc" Riley, was hosted by Bill Stephens. The entire first and second seasons of programming were shot over the course of four days of the Labor Day weekend at the Kruse International Classic Car Auction and Show in Auburn, Indiana. For the 2008 broadcast season, <mask> and Allen returned as co-hosts while Stephen Cox replaced Bill Stephens as the host. In March 2008, Dean Kruse, the owner of Kruse International Auction house, and Vice President Fred Gittin offered Chappell to be the first woman ever to announce a Kruse classic car auction. She accepted and announced at the first annual Alabama Kruse auction later in March 2008.Next came an offer to be the host ESPN's Russo and Steele Classic Car Auction. Her co-hosts were Bill Stephens and Sports Car Market's Keith Martin. The program was shot in Scottsdale, Arizona, during the annual Auction Month in January 2008 and aired on ESPN from March 2008 till December 2008. The shows, which reached 91 million households, instantly made her the face of ESPN's automotive programming. Chappell states it was the ESPN executives and car customizers that gave her the nickname "The Queen Of Cars". <mask> was also the pit reporter for the 2008 resurrection of the Mint 400, and used in the 2009 version of the event as well. In 2009, she was hired as a pit reporter for the Lucas Oil Off Road Series which will air on Speed Channel, Versus, and Outdoor Channel.Her other automotive credits include numerous shows on Speed Channel as a pit reporter for Lucas Oil Motorsports Hour, Versus for Lucas Oil On The Edge, Treasure HD's Bonham's and Butterfeilds Live Auction series, World Of Trucks by the Outdoor Channel, ION Networks Lokar car Show Series and an online series for Velocity Magazine (Velocitymag.com/tv) called Velocity TV - which she created, produced and hosted. Chappell has hosted more automotive and motorsports programming on television than any other female. Through her television programming duties, <mask> has worked with automotive legends Don Garlits, Rad Rides by Troy designer Troy Trepanier, Chip Foose, Tom McEween, John Force, The Force Family and Race Team, Mario Andretti, Tanner Foust, as well as co-hosts Bill Stephens, Stephen Cox, and Sports Car Market's Keith Martin. <mask>'s career has also garnered much press and attention, as she has been featured in Hot Rod, Hot Rod Deluxe, and Velocity Magazine in 2008. She also served as the Grand Marshal of the Great Pottsville Cruise, alongside Dennis Gage, host of SPEED Channels My Classic Car. She has also been featured in numerous non-automotive press throughout her television career. References

External links

www.genevievechappell.com - official website
 - Instagram
twitter.com/genevievec
<mask> on Facebook
<mask> at the Beautiful Now Video Shoot Picture 6
Oktoberfest Huntington Beach - Old World Oktoberfest
Lucas Oil Off Road Racing Series

Living people
Motorsport announcers
1972 births
Female models from California
American television personalities
American women television personalities
21st-century American women

masks:
Genevieve Chappell
Genevieve Gael Chappell
Lesley Chappell
Genevieve
Genevieve
Genevieve
Genevieve Chappell
Genevieve
Genevieve
Genevieve
Genevieve
Genevieve Chappell