text_chunks:
<mask>, also known as <mask> and Susan (June 9, 1792 – November 10, 1862), was an American portrait artist in New England in the 19th century. She published poetry, a Christmas hymn, a novel, and an autobiography entitled Roses and Thorns, or Recollections of an Artist. As a young girl, she was an excellent student, but needed to quit school at the age of 11 to care for her ill grandmother. At 15, she taught school and a year later joined an academy in Providence, Rhode Island, where she earned her way through school by making and selling needlework. She graduated with highest honors and established a school that she operated for years. Paine gave the profits to her family, and she helped support them throughout most of her life. She had a short marriage characterized by abuse and control.A child was born to the couple, but died 11 months later. Before the child's birth, Paine had left her husband and obtained a divorce. To support herself, she taught school for a period and then began to work as a portraitist. She traveled throughout Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Maine accepting commissions for portraits of individuals or families from 1826 through 1862. Because she lived a mobile lifestyle, she had few long-lasting relationships. The closest personal relationship of her life was with her mother. She raised a girl, however, for three years and taught her how to paint.Once she became a professional portraitist she had periods of financial security, but that and her physical health vacillated over the course of her career. Early life
<mask> <mask>, born in Rehoboth, Massachusetts on June 9, 1792, was the second child of <mask> (b. 1764–65) and Mary Chaffee <mask> (1767–1849). Her father was a mariner. When she was a young girl, he was lost at sea. She then lived with her maternal grandparents, Reverend Jonathan Chaffee and Mary Chaffee. Paine, an excellent student, attended school until she was 11 years of age, when she was needed to help care for her ill grandmother.The following year she nearly died as the result of a lightning strike that killed the person standing beside her. Believed to have died, she resumed consciousness after one hour, but suffered from seizures for several years after the incident. Her mother married widower Nathaniel Thurber on April 9, 1808, and the combined household, including his four children, moved to a Foster, Rhode Island farm. At 15 years of age, Paine taught school and then attended "the best Academy in Rhode Island", which she financed through the sales of her needlework. Paine learned how to paint with watercolor at the academy and graduated with the highest honors; she was sufficiently trained "to teach any of the common branches of education." Upon graduation Paine established a school near her mother and stepfather's house. The profits she made from the school were given to her mother and on one occasion loaned to her stepfather.Reluctantly, and at her mother's insistence, she married James Phillips on November 4, 1819. Her husband—a gambler—was abusive, tyrannical and cruel. According to Paine, she left her husband after "one year and two months of cruel bondage". Paine returned to her mother's house and three months later gave birth to her son on August 30, 1821. The child, Theodore Winthrop Phillips, died 11 months later. The Rhode Island Supreme Court granted Paine a divorce from her husband in 1821 or 1823. Paine was left destitute, having received no alimony and having relinquished property that she previously owned to her husband.Paine resumed teaching and painted portraits to supplement her earnings, allowing her to support herself and send money to her mother, stepfather and their family, who had moved to Connecticut. To this point her life had been one of turmoil and financial precariousness. Rather than marry another man to secure a better standard of living, she developed a career so that she could support herself. Artist

Paine worked as a professional portrait painter by traveling through New England and placing advertisements in local newspapers to solicit business. She and Ruth Henshaw Bascom were two of 11 or more women who worked as professional itinerant portraitists in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Paine was "a woman of stalwart proportions, weighing over 200 pounds, and was a very original character..." She was also described as an idealist. Paine was subject to criticism for traveling alone as a woman, but found it was safe to stay in boarding houses, secured through "several letters of introduction" from trusted people.To establish herself as a "genteel" artist, she studied art at the Boston Athenæum, stayed at upscale boarding houses, and became a published writer. Throughout her career, Paine generally made oil paintings on 1/2 inch wood panels of which the sides and back were washed in red, gray-green, or green-blue. The subjects of the paintings were often portrayed in a confident manner in half-length poses. Their accessories, hair, and clothing were often "elaborately detailed". The placement of hands, tables, and other objects could be awkward. She had a tendency to paint the sitters with long hands, light flesh tones, doelike eyes and round faces. Paine was known to take liberties in the portrayal of her subjects; she once painted a gray-eyed man's portrait with black eyes because she thought they were more attractive.Maine
She traveled alone for the first time in 1826 to Portland, Maine and placed a business advertisement in the December 12 edition of the Portland Advertiser. The standard rate for large oil portraits at that time was US$20–$30, but Paine advertised $8 for large portraits. Not having received any leads for work, she placed a January ad with a testimonial, which said that her portrait's were a good likeness of the subject and well executed—and that women might find "a pride and pleasure in patronizing a female artist." Once she made a painting for her landlady and neighbors saw it, she began to receive commissions for her work. Paine worked in southern Maine, Portland, and New Hampshire in 1827 and 1828. Initially, she had sufficient commissions to support the rental of a furnished parlor, an office for painting, and another office to exhibit her portraits. A religious woman, Paine adopted simpler clothing as a spiritual practice during this time.As her health declined, she engaged nursing services, which left her short of funds. Paine answered a friend's request to return to Providence to paint her dying daughter, and still in poor health, stayed there several months. Paine worked as an artist in Maine until about 1831. One of her subjects while in Portland was George Morillo Bartol, her portrait of him sold for US$38,513 on March 6, 2011. Massachusetts
She received formal art training at the Boston Athenæum around 1832 and spent the following summer in Cape Ann. Paine, one of the first artists to paint on Cape Ann, returned for several years, interrupted by visits to her mother each spring and fall. She was in the village of Annisquam on Cape Ann by 1834, when she painted portraits of families.Paine continued to paint on the cape during the 1830s and 1840s. She found it to be a unique place:

She raised a girl, who she called her adopted daughter, from 12 to 15 years of age. During that time Paine taught her to paint and they lived for a few months in Fall River, Massachusetts. During a visit to her mother and stepfather's farm, she found that her younger half-brother, Nathaniel, had secured the deed to the farm and lived in the main house; her parents lived in "a sort of out-house". Months later, after her half-brother sold the farm, Paine found them "looking sad and dejected" with Nathaniel in South Killingly, Connecticut and made arrangements for her mother and step-father to live in an apartment. Rhode Island
In 1830, Paine painted the portrait of author, Catharine R. Williams, who wrote poetry, Religion at Home, and the Lives of William Barton and Stephen Olney. The portrait was given to the Rhode Island Historical Society in 1885 from a group of members of the society, including Henry J. Steere.From about 1836, she had a residence in Providence, Rhode Island and kept her parents in "comfortable support". Between 1836 and 1838, she wrote and published a Christmas hymn and poetry. She enjoyed a successful professional life until 1842 when she left town for her safety during the Dorr Rebellion. She went to Cape Ann and after a few months returned to Providence. She became ill and, unable to find work in both places, suffered financially. Her mother came to live with her in Providence following the death of her stepfather, Nathaniel Thurber, in November, 1848. The following March, her mother Mary died during a visit to her half-brother who then lived in Hartford, Connecticut.She had supported her parents since she was a teenaged girl. Later years
Paine traveled through Maine, where she had difficulty establishing herself for want of connections that she had relied upon in the past, so she returned to Providence and for the first time established herself in a highly respectable commercial building with, aside from herself, only male occupants. She struggled professionally and, because of the loss of her mother, she suffered personally. The career that she relied upon kept her forever traveling, which had made it difficult to establish long-standing relationships. Her relationship with her mother was the only close one of her life. She published her autobiography, Roses and Thorns, or Recollections of an Artist in 1854. Six years later she published Wait and See, a Victorian novel.She died in Providence, Rhode Island on November 10, 1862. A file containing papers, photographs, exhibition catalogs and other archival material is held at the Brooklyn Museum Libraries & Archives and the Frick Art Reference Library of the Frick Collection.

masks:
Susanna Paine
Susannah
Susanna
Paine
James Paine
Paine


text_chunks:
<mask> (born February 8, 1967) is an American actress, singer, writer and producer. She has been seen in multiple Broadway and off-Broadway plays and musicals, on numerous solo and original cast recordings, and in various film and television roles. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Kentucky. When she was four years old, her family moved to Topeka, Kansas, where she grew up. <mask> moved from Topeka to New York City when she was 18 to attend the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre. She is a writer in residence at Second Stage Theater and lives with her son in New York City. Career
On Broadway, <mask> has starred in Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, garnering nominations for a Tony Award, a Drama Desk Award and an Outer Critics Circle Award.She starred as Amneris in Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida (2000), for which she won the Clarence Derwent Award and was a Drama League Honoree. The single "A Step Too Far" performed by Elton John, Heather Headley and <mask> <mask> from the 1999 Elton John And Tim Rice Aida concept album charted at #15. <mask>'s You May Now Worship Me, co-authored with Dick Scanlan, raised $200,000 to benefit the Phyllis Newman's Women's Health Initiative of The Actor's Fund. The one night only fundraiser premiered March 31, 2008 at The Eugene O'Neill Theatre. You May Now Worship Me would later become the concept behind Everyday Rapture. In 2010, <mask> starred in the critically acclaimed production Everyday Rapture, which <mask> wrote with co-author Dick Scanlan. Everyday Rapture began its run on Broadway at the American Airlines Theatre in previews April 19, 2010, and officially opened on April 29, 2010.The show played to sold out audiences throughout the run, finally ending its limited engagement on July 11, 2010. <mask> received Tony Award nominations for Best Book, and Best Leading Actress in a Musical, and Drama Desk Award nominations in the categories of Best Leading Actress, Best Book, and Best Musical for Rapture. Other Broadway credits include Sally Simpson in Tommy (1993), Marty in Grease (1995–96), and Maureen in Rent (1997). She originated the role of Ursula in The Little Mermaid (2007) for which she received her second Outer Critics Circle Award nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical. She starred as Pepa in the musical adaptation of Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, on Broadway, which opened on November 4, 2010. For this role she was nominated for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical. <mask> appeared in The Front Page as Mollie Malloy with an all-star cast including Nathan Lane, John Slattery, Holland Taylor, John Goodman, Jefferson Mays and Robert Morse.Jack O'Brien directed the production that premiered on Broadway in fall 2016 at the Broadhurst Theatre. Whorl Inside a Loop, written by <mask> and Dick Scanlan, premiered August 27, 2015 at the Second Stage Theatre. Directed by Michael Mayer and Scanlan, Whorl garnered critical acclaim, including several 'Best of 2015 Theater' Lists. Off-Broadway roles include John Guare's play Landscape of the Body at the Signature Theatre, for which she received a 2006 Obie Award and a Lucille Lortel Award and was a Drama League honoree. Musicals include Jason Robert Brown's The Last Five Years for which she received a Drama Desk Award nomination, and the title role in Debbie Does Dallas: The Musical. <mask> can be heard on the original off-Broadway cast recording of The Last Five Years along with Norbert Leo Butz. She is an executive producer of the film The Last Five Years starring Anna Kendrick and Jeremy Jordan.<mask> also makes an appearance in the film. In regional theatre, she has appeared in world premiere productions of Randy Newman's Faust (1995). She appeared in Kander and Ebb's Over and Over, at the Signature Theatre, which was a musical adaptation of The Skin of Our Teeth, receiving a nomination for a Helen Hayes Award. <mask> co-founded the Grammy Award–winning Sh-K-Boom Records and Ghostlight Records, which seeks to preserve original cast albums and solo recordings by Broadway artists. The records, produced over 150 albums, garnered 3 Grammy awards, and 12 Grammy nominations. SKB/Ghostlight's Grammy Awards include those for the cast albums of In the Heights, The Book of Mormon and Beautiful. SKB/Ghostlight received a 2006 Drama Desk Award for dedication to the preservation of musical theatre through cast recordings.The label won their first Grammy in 2009 for the Original Cast Recording of In The Heights. <mask> can be heard on numerous Grammy Award-winning and OBC cast albums, the Billboard hit single "A Step Too Far" with Elton John, "The Folks Who Live On The Hill" with jazz great Bill Charlap, as well as the critically acclaimed, "Sherie Rene…Men I've Had,"  Everyday Rapture the original Broadway cast album, and All Will Be Well:  The Piece Of Meat Studio Sessions, produced with Todd Almond. <mask> did a try-out of her new, "critically acclaimed" work, Piece of Meat, in collaboration with Todd Almond, in the 2012 Adelaide Cabaret Festival and premiered it in New York City at 54 Below from October 16–27, 2012. From July 9–28, 2019, she wrote and starred in an original musical collaboration titled TWOHANDER at Feinstein's/54 Below alongside Norbert Leo Butz, with musical director Todd Almond. <mask> previously shared the stage with Butz in the original productions of the musicals Dirty Rotten Scoundrels and The Last Five Years. Work

Broadway
Source: Internet Broadway Database

Other theatre

Filmography

Discography
Source: Amazon.com

2011 Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (Original Broadway Cast Recording) – Sh-K-Boom Records
2010 Everyday Rapture (Original Broadway Cast Recording) – Sh-K-Boom Records
2008 Disney's The Little Mermaid (Original Broadway Cast Recording) – Disney
2005 Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (Original Broadway Cast Recording) – Sh-K-Boom Records
2005 Hair (Actors' Fund of America Benefit Recording) – Sh-K-Boom Records
2005 Bright Lights, Big City (Cast Recording Recording) – Sh-K-Boom Records
2002 The Last Five Years (Off-Broadway Cast Recording) – Sh-K-Boom Records
2002 Debbie Does Dallas (Off-Broadway Cast Recording) – Sh-K-Boom Records
2000 Aida (Original Broadway Cast Recording) – Disney
2000 Sherie Rene Scott: Men I've Had (Solo CD) – Sh-K-Boom Records
1999 Elton John And Tim Rice's Aida (1999 Concept Album) – Island Records

Awards and nominations

Notes

External links
ShereReneScott.com

Sh-K-Boom Records
Review of Everyday Rapture Broadway musical about Sherie Rene Scott and starring her. Opened May 7, 2010

1967 births
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
Living people
Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre alumni
Actresses from Kentucky
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American actresses
Singers from Kentucky
Writers from Kentucky

masks:
Sherie Rene Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Sherie
Rene Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott


text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 26 April 1999) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2016 CS Nebelhorn Trophy champion and the 2016 Russian National bronze medalist. On the junior level, he is the 2014–15 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist and the 2015 Russian Junior National champion. <mask> holds the title of Master of Sports of Russia. Personal life
<mask>ich <mask> was born 26 April 1999 in Saint Petersburg. He is the eldest child in his family and has one younger sister. Besides skating, <mask> also enjoys listening to music, playing soccer, snowboarding and skateboarding.He supports FC Zenit Saint Petersburg. Career

Early career
<mask> began skating at the age of 5 in 2004. His parents first took him skating because he had contracted bronchitis at a very young age. Under doctor's orders they were asked to either take him swimming or to the skating rink. Because he was only 5 years old, <mask> took up figure skating instead of ice hockey. Tatiana Mishina, Oleg Tataurov and Svetlana Frantsuzova were his earliest coaches. In the 2009–10 season <mask> brought home the silver medal in the novice event at the 2010 Toruń Cup and finished just shy of a medal at Rostelecom Crystal Skate.The following season, <mask> won gold at the 2011 Toruń Cup, his first international gold medal. In the 2011-12 season, he won the novice event at the 2011 NRW Trophy in Dortmund, Germany and finished second in the junior event at Rostelecom Crystal Skate. Making his debut at the 2012 Russian Junior Championships, he finished 12th. 2012–13 season
<mask> became age-eligible for the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series in the 2012-13 season and was assigned two JGP events in his debut season. He finished 5th in his JGP debut in Courchevel, France, and won the silver medal at his second JGP event in Turkey. A triple Axel was included in his programs for his first season on the ISU Junior Grand Prix circuit. This jump was landed and ratified in his second JGP event, albeit with a negative Grade of Execution (GOE).As the 2012-13 season progressed, <mask> went on to land several clean 3A with positive GOE, including one at the 4th stage of the Cup of Russia series in November 2012. Weeks later, at the 5th stage of the Cup of Russia series, <mask> landed a combined total of three clean 3A including a 3A-3T in the free skate. He won that competition with a score of 221.15. On the international scene, <mask> won gold medals in the junior events at the 2012 Coupe de Nice and the 2013 20th Volvo Open Cup. At the Russian Championships, he was tenth in his senior-level debut and won the bronze medal in the junior event. In his final competition of the season, <mask> won the junior gold medal at the 2013 Triglav Trophy with an overall score of 192.97 points, which included a 3A (1.00 GOE) in the short and 3A (2.00 GOE) and 3A-2T (1.00 GOE) in the free skate. 2013–14 season
In the 2013-14 season, Alexei Mishin began coaching <mask> alongside Tatiana Mishina and Oleg Tataurov.<mask> won silver in his season's debut at the Junior Grand Prix event in Gdańsk, Poland and another silver medal in Ostrava, Czech Republic. He qualified for his first JGP Final. In November, <mask> competed in the first senior international of his career at the 2013 22nd Volvo Open Cup in Riga, Latvia and won the silver medal there. He beat several experienced skaters including compatriots Sergey Borodulin and Zhan Bush, finishing behind 4-time Olympic medalist Evgeni Plushenko. In Riga he landed a total of three clean 3As, including a 3A-2T in the long program. <mask> then finished 5th at the Junior Grand Prix Final held in Fukuoka, Japan. At the Russian Championships, <mask> ranked eighth on the senior level and improved on his previous showing by winning silver in the junior event, finishing 1.88 points behind Adian Pitkeev.He placed 4th at the 2014 World Junior Championships. 2014–15 season

In his season's debut at the Junior Grand Prix series, <mask> took the silver medal in Ljubljana, Slovenia, where he led China's Jin Boyang after the short program and finished 3.84 points behind Jin overall after the latter landed three quadruple jumps in the free skate. He went on to win gold in Tallinn, Estonia, outscoring Japan's Sota Yamamoto by 5.67 points, and qualified for his second consecutive Junior Grand Prix Final, where he would eventually take home the bronze medal after finishing second in the free skate. Competing on the senior level at the 2014 Finlandia Trophy, he placed second in the short and third in the free skate, taking the bronze medal behind American Adam Rippon. <mask> won his first international senior title at the 2014 Cup of Nice after placing first in both programs and outscoring fellow medalists Artur Dmitriev, Jr. and Keiji Tanaka by over thirty points. He then followed that win with a gold medal at the 2014 Volvo Open Cup. On November 22, <mask> placed first at the 2014 Warsaw Cup posting personal best scores with a total of 231.53 points.In early 2015, <mask> fell ill several times with an acute respiratory infection. Illness took its toll on his performance at the World Junior Championships where he finished 6th overall after winning a bronze medal for the short program. <mask> ended the season in the top 20 in the ISU World Standings with a Seasonal Best score in the top 20 as well. In the ISU Seasonal World Standings, he was ranked 12th at the end of the 2014-2015 season and finished second in the Challenger Series rankings. 2015–16 season: Full senior debut
In 2015, <mask>ard, <mask> completed another clean skate and placed 6th going into the free skate. Due to the November 2015 Paris attacks, the free skating event was cancelled. Eventually, the ISU decided to award points from the competition based on the placing of the skaters after the short program. At the 2016 Russian Championships in Ekaterinburg in December, <mask> once again skated a clean program and placed 5th after the short program. He completed a flawless free skate to move up two placings and win the bronze medal, his first senior Russian Championships medal at the young age of 16 years. <mask>’s TES in the free skate was the highest in the entire competition. His triple Axel combination received 2.00 GOE and his solo triple Axel received 1.71 GOE.It was revealed after the event that he had in fact been carrying a ligament injury to his leg going into the competition, after falling badly just one and a half weeks before the Championships. After finishing on the podium at the 2016 Russian Championships, <mask> earned the right to represent Russia at the 2016 European Championships in Bratislava. Due to an illness contracted after returning from a training camp in Estonia a fortnight before the European Championships, he had not been able to train until three days before he flew to Bratislava. Even so, he fought hard and skated both programs cleanly, being the only Russian man to do so and eventually finishing eighth overall on his debut. He also set a new personal best in the short program and a season's best in the free skate. 2016–17 season
In 2016, <mask> started his season at the 2016 Nebelhorn Trophy where he won gold after placing first in both the short and free skate with a total of 232.21 points. For the 2016-17 Grand Prix season, <mask> has been assigned the 2016 Skate Canada International and the 2016 Cup of China.2017–18 season
<mask> began the season at 2017 CS Lombardia Trophy, finishing seventh, and then competed at a second Challenger event, the 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy, where he came ninth. He was assigned to the 2017 Cup of China and the 2017 Skate America, coming eleventh at the Cup of China before withdrawing from Skate America. He then competed at a third Challenger, the 2017 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb, coming eighth. He withdrew from the 2018 Russian Championships. 2018–19 season
<mask> placed seventh at the 2019 Russian Championships. 2020-21 season

In October, it was announced that he had changed coaches to work with Evgeni Plushenko. Programs

Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

Detailed results
Small medals for short program and free skating awarded only at ISU Championships.Senior level

 C= Cancelled. Junior level

References

External links

1999 births
Russian male single skaters
Living people
Figure skaters from Saint Petersburg

masks:
Alexander Dmitriyevich Petrov
Petrov
Alexander Dmitriyev
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrovmp
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov
Petrov


text_chunks:
<mask> (1 May 1789 – 15 May 1879) was an English businessman and banker  who, while residing in England, played a significant part in the formation and establishment of the Province of South Australia. He established the South Australian Company and was its founding chairman of the board of directors. In later life he migrated to the colony and served as a member of the first South Australian Legislative Council. His financial contribution of some £40,000 was instrumental to the creation of South Australia. Early life
<mask> was born at Newcastle upon Tyne, England, fifth son of <mask> of Newcastle (1743–1831) and his second wife <mask> née Lindsay (1749–1802). Caleb was a successful coachbuilder and ship owner. After his mother's death, he continued his education at a boarding school and at age 15 became an apprentice coachbuilder under his father's direction.He started the Benevolent Society of Coachbuilders in Newcastle in 1807 "to provide for sick members and others requiring relief, and promote habits of economy and temperance". In 1808 he went to London to gain further experience and returned to Newcastle in 1809 where he worked as a supervisor for his father's business. On 8 April 1812 in Hutton, Essex, he married Rosetta French (1793–1867), daughter of John French (1761–1829), "Gentleman of Hutton, Essex", and Rosetta French née Rayner (1756–1836). They had three sons and four daughters. Their eldest son, <mask> <mask> became a notable artist. Their daughter <mask> caught smallpox and died while nursing refugees in Beirut. Career

Over the next 20 years <mask> took a large role in the family business in Newcastle, which also had branches in British ports, the West Indies and Spanish America, and steadily developed his own shipping business in London.By 1831, his business owned three ships, commercial business in British Honduras, Buenos Aires and London, coach factories in Durham and Newcastle, with mahogany trade and copperas works. <mask> came from a non-conformist religious household, and as a religious person became a secretary of the Newcastle Sunday School Union, founded in 1815 to educate poor children in Newcastle and Gateshead. On two occasions after the repeal of the Test Act and the Corporation Act in 1828, which barred non-conformists from public office, <mask> was asked to stand for Parliament, but declined partly due to reasons of poor health. He had a talent for banking, and played a large part in the founding of the National Provincial Bank of England in 1833, (which exists today after several mergers as NatWest), sitting as a director on its first board, the Union Bank of Australia (in 1836) and the South Australian Banking Company (in 1840). In 1835, he held shares in the British American Land Company. South Australia

<mask> had become relatively wealthy and was concerned with putting his money to the best use. He became interested in a proposed settlement in South Australia and in 1832 joined the committee of the South Australian Land Company and took up enough shares to become a director.His own views on systematic colonisation dealt with the exclusion of convicts, concentration of settlers, sending out (preferably religious) intelligent people with capital, the emigration of young couples of good character, free trade, free government, and freedom of religion. As such, South Australia became the first Australian colony to provide residents with religious freedom and to grant land rights to indigenous people. <mask> was discouraged by the company's failure to get government support, but continued his involvement with the South Australian Association which was formed in 1834, with Robert Gouger as secretary. During debates on the price of land <mask>, who held the opposite view to Edward Gibbon Wakefield, wanted the price of land to be low. However, the South Australian Colonization Commission set a high price for land, which brought sales of land, and hence establishment of the colony, to a standstill. Angas formed a joint-stock company to buy the remaining land, which was transferred in January 1836 to the newly formed South Australian Company. In February 1836, the first of three ships set sail for South Australia with emigrants, livestock and provisions on board.The company supervisors were provided with minutely detailed instructions covering almost any problem which might have arisen. All three ships arrived by the middle of August. The colonial office, the Colonization Commissioners, and the South Australian Company would determine the success or failure of the colony, and it was still unclear which was the controlling body. There was initial friction between the company and the commissioners. The establishment of a banking business in 1837, and its separation as the South Australian Banking Company in 1840, at the behest of <mask>, played an important part in the early growth of the colony. <mask> worked on behalf of the bank in England, giving lectures, writing pamphlets and supplying information to newspapers. He also helped to establish the South Australian School Society, and sent out missionaries and German colonists.He set up the Union Bank of Australia in England and also found the time to be active in the colonisation of New Zealand. In recognition of his efforts in making New Zealand an English colony rather than a French colony, <mask> was offered a knighthood and a then baronetcy, but he declined both. <mask> was also a leading figure in attempting to establish and secure proper treatment of the Aboriginal people of South Australia. "Mr <mask> set before himself the model of William Penn and his treaty with the North American Indians for establishing friendly and equitable relations with the Europeans." (Hodder) Using his position as Commissioner, he attempted to secure Aboriginal rights in both legislature and through financing missionary actions. In 1836, <mask> met with Pastor August Kavel, who was Pastor in Klępsk (Klemzig) in Prussia. Kavel and his Lutheran congregation at Klemzig faced oppression due to decrees made by King Frederick William III.They sought to regain their religious freedom by emigrating to another country. <mask> sent his chief clerk, Charles Flaxman to Prussia to meet with Kavel's group. Flaxman on returning, gave a favorable report to <mask>, who then sought to have the South Australian Company meet the cost of the transport for the whole congregation from Hamburg to South Australia. This request was declined, and so Angas made a loan to this group of emigrants, by meeting the cost of securing vessels himself. In 1838 Angas chartered four ships on their behalf; Prince George, Bengalee, Zebra, and Catharina. This loan, along with another Angas had made to his chief clerk Charles Flaxman, (who invested in land in South Australia), put Angas in a difficult financial situation the next year. <mask> had borrowed heavily and was forced to sell his interests in the Union Bank and other companies.News came that the British government had dishonoured drafts drawn by the Governor, <mask> and that the colony was in danger of ruin. <mask> appealed to the government, his efforts resulting in a loan to the colony and payment of the dishonoured drafts. In 1842 <mask> lectured extensively on South Australia and wrote a pamphlet, "Facts Illustrative of South Australia", which was widely distributed. Gawler, who had been recalled to England, suggested that <mask> should settle in South Australia. In early 1843, his finances still troubled, he sent out his 19-year-old son John Howard <mask> to supervise his land and recover the family fortunes. <mask> was unable to sell his northern England properties until 1850 but some repayments had come in from the German settlers. The stress had affected his health and he decided to migrate to Australia, arriving in Adelaide with his wife and youngest son in January 1851.Slavery
According to Humphrey McQueen and Catherine Hall, the <mask> family business supply chain used slaves. <mask> is not recorded by the Legacies of British Slave-ownership database as having held slaves himself, nor of having obtained any meaningful benefit from them. As was typical for the period, his business associates in British Honduras included people who owned slaves. He collected compensatory claims on behalf of four former slave owners, totalling £6,942 after abolition, with a total of 121 slaves. The claims he collected were:
5 October 1835, Honduras 231, 40 enslaved, £2176 17/3d. 26 October 1835, Honduras 51, 12 enslaved, £685 15/1d. 26 October 1835, Honduras 199, 35 enslaved, £1642 17/2d
9 November 1835, Honduras 244, 34 enslaved, £2439 17/3d.On 12 June 1840, he was delegate number 196, one of eight representing Newcastle upon Tyne, at the World Anti-Slavery Convention. A commemorative newspaper article in The Advertiser (an Adelaide daily) in 1909 described how <mask> sought to protect the poorer classes from oppression and endeavoured to help slaves who, he argued, were held in illegal bondage. In 1824, over 200 Indians were set free as a result of his efforts. Later life, death and legacy

<mask>, by then almost 62, was met by his two sons and eldest daughter. His work on behalf of the colony was widely known and a few days later a public dinner was held in his honour. He found work, becoming elected as a member of the Legislative Council for the Barossa district and turned his attention towards education and other public interests. Being kept busy improved his health, and he was able to pay off his debts in short order.Angas bought Merino sheep and cattle, employing out-of work migrants on his property. He returned to England from 1857 to September 1859 to settle matters in his father's estate. He continued parliamentary work and lobbied against South Australia being given responsibility for the administration of the Northern Territory. He resigned in 1866, feeling that he could not fully fulfil his role, and continued to contribute to schools, churches and charities. His wife of 55 years died in 1867. In 1869 he published The History of the Newcastle-on-Tyne Sunday School Union, which was compiled by secretary William Ramage Lawson. Although retired from parliamentary duties, managing his property at Angaston gave him plenty to do.He recovered from a serious illness at 87 and died on 15 May 1879 at 90 years of age. He was survived by three sons, notably John Howard <mask> and <mask> <mask>, and three daughters. <mask>' financial contribution of some £40,000 was instrumental to the creation of South Australia. See also
British colonisation of South Australia
History of Adelaide

References

'<mask>, <mask> (1789–1879)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp 15–18. accessed 2008-01-15
"The Confessional Lutheran Emigrations From Prussia And Saxony Around 1839", Westerhaus, Martin O.
<mask> <mask>, Father and Founder of South Australia, Edwin Hodder, Hodder and Stoughton, London MDCCCXCI

Further reading

 The State Library of South Australia holds  "31 volumes, approximately 5,000 sheets, 2 plans, 1 photograph, 3 artworks, 5 electronic files (digital copies of letters), 2 wooden trunks ; 4.4 metres." relating to Angas. See description.People from Adelaide
Settlers of South Australia
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council
1789 births
1879 deaths
Directors of the South Australian Company
19th-century Australian businesspeople
Australian company founders
Burials in South Australia
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
English Baptists
Coachbuilders of Australia
Adelaide Club
Australian pastoralists
English emigrants to colonial Australia
19th-century Baptists
19th-century Australian politicians

masks:
George Fife Angas
Angas
Caleb Angas
Sarah Angas
George French
Angas
Emma Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
George Gawler
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
Angas
George French
Angas
Angas
Angas
George Fife
George Fife
Angas


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 2 August 1995) is an Indonesian badminton player currently ranked world number 1 in the men's doubles by the Badminton World Federation. He plays for PB Djarum, and has been a member of the club since 2007. He won the men's doubles titles at the All England Open in 2017 and 2018; World Superseries Finals in 2017; and at the Asian Games in 2018. He also featured in the Indonesia winning team at the Southeast Asian Games in 2015, and at the Asia Team Championships in 2018 and 2020. Together with his current partner, Marcus Fernaldi Gideon, they were awarded the BWF Best Male Players of the Year for two years in a row after collecting seven Superseries titles in 2017 and eight World Tour titles in 2018. <mask> and Gideon are often referred to as "the Minions" because of their below average height and for their fast and agile playing style, jumping and bouncing just like the Minions in the film Despicable Me. BWF commentator, Gillian Clark stated that the fast play shown by <mask> and Gideon have taken the men's doubles game to a new level and makes the matches  exciting to watch.Early and personal life
<mask> <mask> was born on 2 August 1995 in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia, to parents Sugiarto <mask> and Winartin Niawati of Chinese Indonesians ethnicity. He is the nephew of former world number 1 men's doubles player, Alvent Yulianto. <mask> started to learn about badminton at two and a half years, by seeing his father play on the court behind their house. Noticing young <mask>'s interest in badminton, his father then found a coach in Jember at the Putra 46 club to foster his child's talent for a year. <mask> later entered the Sari Agung club in Banyuwangi and in 2006, at the age of eleven, he won a Graha Bhakti Cup tournament. Recognizing his talent, <mask>'s parents encouraged him to join a bigger club. He then took part at the general auditions scholarship held by PB Djarum, but failed due to his small physique.However, he refused to give up, and began training everyday, instead of his usual 4 days a week routine. With these additional hours, he finally managed to pass the audition at PB Djarum in 2007. After joining PB Djarum, <mask> went through defeat after defeat. At first, <mask> played in the men's singles discipline. However, he was then turned toward the doubles disciplines, experimenting with both the men's and mixed doubles. Initially, he and his parents resisted this turn toward specialization in doubles, but men's doubles coach Ade Lukas believed that this was where <mask>'s skills and abilities would be best utilized. After a year of training in doubles, he showed progress and had great expectations going forward.Career

2010–2013: Junior and early senior career
In the PB Djarum club, <mask> was trained by Sigit Budiarto. He won some National Circuit tournaments in his age group with different partners. In 2010, he won the Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, Pekanbaru, and Jakarta circuits, and also the Candra Wijaya men's doubles championships. In 2011, he won the Jakarta circuit and Pertamina Open. He represented Indonesia at the 2011 ASEAN School Games held at the Yio Chu Kang Sports Hall, Singapore, and won a gold in the mixed doubles with Aris Budiharti, and a silver in the boys' doubles with Felix Kinalsal. In July 2011, just before turning 16, <mask> qualified to compete in the international senior age group, by reaching the finals of the Singapore International Series tournament partnered with Lukhi Apri Nugroho. He also played at the World Junior Championships held in Taoyuan City, but was eliminated in the quarter-finals in the boys' doubles event with his partner Nugroho.In 2012, <mask> won the U-19 National tournament the Jakarta Open and West Java circuits, also the Candra Wijaya men's doubles championships. In July, he won a bronze medal at the Asian Junior Championships in the boys' doubles event with Alfian Eko Prasetya. He was named as the "future athlete" at the Tangkas Specs Junior Challenge after showing a good performance and finished as runner-up in that tournament. In August, he was ranked as number 1 in the BWF World Junior Ranking. In October–November, he competed at the World Junior Championships held in Chiba, Japan, but lost in the early stages of both the boys' and mixed doubles events. In December, he clinched the boys' doubles title at the Junior National Championships with Rafiddias Akhdan Nugroho. In 2013, <mask> was selected to join the national men's doubles team squad.He started the season by competing in Vietnam International Challenge partnered with Rafiddias Akhdan Nugroho, but lost in the quarter-finals to the Hong Kong pair Chan Yun Lung and Wong Wai Hong in a close rubber game. In May, he won the West Java circuit tournament teamed with Hafiz Faizal. In July, he competed at the Asian Junior Championships held in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, and captured bronze medals in the mixed team and boys' doubles events partnered with Arya Maulana Aldiartama. Turning eighteen in August, he won the mixed doubles title at the Tangkas Specs Junior International Challenge with Masita Mahmudin. In October-November, he participated at the World Junior Championships in Bangkok, Thailand where he helped Indonesia to win the silver medal in the mixed team event. In the individual tournament he earned mixed doubles silver with Mahmudin, losing the final match to the Chinese pair Huang Kaixiang and Chen Qingchen, whom they had beaten the previous week in the semifinals of team play. 2014–2016: From International Challenge to Superseries titles
<mask> began the 2014 season playing with a new partner, Selvanus Geh, and won his very first tournament with Geh, the Vietnam International Challenge by beating Australians Robin Middleton and Ross Smith in the finals.In his second month playing with Geh, he captured his first Grand Prix doubles title at the New Zealand Open, when he and Geh upset the second seeds from Chinese Taipei Chen Hung-ling and Lu Chia-pin in the finals. In June, he competed against the world's best players at the Indonesia Open paired with Geh and with Greysia Polii in mixed doubles . Starting from the qualification round in both events, he was stopped in the second round of the main draw in both, but in the first round of mixed doubles, he and Polii put out the defending champions and world number ones Zhang Nan and Zhao Yunlei, 15–21, 21–18, 23–21. In July, <mask> and Geh reached the quarterfinals of the Chinese Taipei Open. In September, they reached their first Grand Prix Gold final as a team at the Indonesia Masters where they were beaten in three games by Marcus Fernaldi Gideon and doubles great Markis Kido the top seeds. <mask> then won his third title with Geh at the Bulgarian International defeating compatriots Ronald Alexander and Edi Subaktiar in the final. <mask>'s mixed doubles partnerships with Della Destiara Haris and Maretha Dea Giovani were less successful reaching no farther than the quarterfinals of any 2014 tournament.In December <mask> joined Indonesia's team for the Axiata Cup in Kuala Lumpur, but the squad was narrowly edged by Thailand. In 2015, men's doubles national coach Herry Iman Pierngadi paired <mask> with Marcus Fernaldi Gideon, because Selvanus Geh had to resign from the national team due to illness. The new partnership opened the season in Europe playing at the All England and Swiss Open. In England they reached the quarterfinals before falling to the Danish pair Mads Conrad-Petersen and Mads Pieler Kolding, Partnered with Greysia Polii, <mask> lost in the second round of mixed double to fifth seeds Chris and Gabby Adcock. In Switzerland, he and Gideon were stopped in the semi-finals by the Malaysian pair Goh V Shem and Tan Wee Kiong. <mask> then took part in the Sudirman Cup held in Dongguan, China, where Indonesia settled for a bronze medal. At the June Southeast Asian Games in Singapore, he helped his team win the gold medal, and in the individual men's doubles event, he and Gideon captured the silver medal.In July, <mask> and Gideon competing as an unseeded pair in the Chinese Taipei Open, and the duo reached the final by defeating then World Champions Mohammad Ahsan and Hendra Setiawan, but they failed to take the title, losing the final tamely to Fu Haifeng and Zhang Nan. After this tournament, Indonesian badminton fans dub them as "the Minions" because of their below average height and for their fast and agile playing style, jumping and bouncing just like the Minions in the film Despicable Me. The former badminton player who is currently a BWF commentator, Gillian Clark, also highlighted that the fast play shown by <mask> and Gideon have taken the men's doubles game to a new level and makes the matches exciting to watch. In the next tournament, the duo then reached the semifinals of the Vietnam and Thailand Opens before capturing their first title together at the Chinese Taipei Masters in October where they beat Malaysia' Hoon Thien How and Lim Khim Wah in the finals. In the Hong Kong Open, <mask> and Gideon beat the World Championship silver medalists Liu Xiaolong and Qiu Zihan before losing to top seededed South Koreans Lee Yong-dae and Yoo Yeon-seong in the quarterfinals. In December, they were stopped in the quarter-finals of the Indonesia Masters by second seeds Chai Biao and Hong Wei in three games. They ended the 2015 season ranked 16th in the world.<mask> and Gideon kicked off the 2016 season by winning the Malaysia Masters in January. They then suffered a slump with early exits from several tournaments, including a first round exit from the All England Open. After this All England low their form, though inconsistent, improved significantly. They reached the semifinals of the New Zealand Open in late March and  in April clinched their first Superseries title as a team at the India Open, beating their senior compatriot Angga Pratama and Ricky Karanda Suwardi in the final. In the following weeks they were defeated in the second round of Malaysia Open, then in the quarter-finals of Singapore Open and Asian Championships. In May, <mask> participated in the Thomas Cup held in Kunshan, China, but he failed to contribute points to the Indonesian team during the Thomas Cup Group B tie against Thailand. and was not selected to play in the knockout stage of the tournament between qualifying teams.Here Indonesia won the silver medal, losing the final 2 matches to 3 against Denmark. In June, <mask> and Gideon were eliminated in the second round of Indonesia Open by world number 1 Lee Yong-dae and Yoo Yeon-seong. A week later, however, the duo won their second Superseries title at the Australian Open, in the quarterfinals defeating Zhang Nan and Fu Haifeng for the first time, to whom they had lost three previous matches. Due to an injury suffered by Gideon, <mask> was paired with Wahyu Nayaka at the home soil Indonesian Masters tournament, but the scratch partnership still managed to win the title. After Gideon's recovery the reunited duo won the Superseries Premier tournament at the China Open. The team was ranked as number 4 in Destination Dubai rankings, and qualified to compete for the year-end Superseries Finals, but they failed to advance from the group phase. Nevertheless, at year's end <mask> and Gideon occupied the number 2 position in the world rankings.2017: World number 1

Now competing only in the world's biggest events, <mask> and Gideon started 2017 by making up for their 2016 first round defeat with a tournament victory at the coveted All England Open in March, thus earning a number one men's doubles world ranking. They then secured their second consecutive India Open title, and after that won the Malaysia Open. Their remarkable winning run was then stopped by Danish veterans Mathias Boe and Carsten Mogensen in the semifinals of the Singapore Open. In May, they played for Indonesia at the Sudirman Cup held in Australia. In group round robin play they won their country's only point in its surprising loss to India but in group play against Denmark they again lost to Boe and Mogensen, as Indonesia, for the first time in the Cup's 28 year history, was eliminated in the group stage of the competition. In June the duo was upset by another Danish pair, Kim Astrup and Anders Skaarup Rasmussen, in the first round of Indonesia Open. In August, <mask> and Gideon went to the World Championships held in Glasgow, Scotland, as

masks:
Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Kevin Sanjaya
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo


text_chunks:
 third seeds, but lost in the quarter-finals to China's Chai Biao and Hong Wei in three close games.In September they reached the final of the Korea Open but were again beaten by Boe and Morgensen, however, one week later they exacted a measure of revenge against the Danes in the semi-finals of Japan Open, then went on to win the tournament by defeating the host pair of Takuto Inoue and Yuki Kaneko. In October, <mask> and Gideon lost the final of the Denmark Open in a tight match to reigning World Champion Liu Cheng and Zhang Nan. Citing an arm injury suffered during their semifinal match in Denmark, Gideon withdrew from the next Superseries tournament in France. Back together in November, <mask> and Gideon improved their head-to-head record against Boe and Mogensen to 3–4, after defeating them in the finals and securing their second China Open title. They won the Hong Kong Open a week later, their sixth Superseries victory of the season, thus equaling the previous men's doubles record of six set by South Koreans Lee Yong-dae and Yoo Yeon-seong in 2015. For their achievements <mask> and Gideon were named Best Male Players of the Year by the Badminton World Federation. The duo then closed out the year by capturing the Dubai World Superseries Finals, making them the first men's doubles pair to win seven Superseries titles in a year.2018: Asian Games gold medalists
Under the new BWF player commitment regulations, <mask> and Gideon who ranked as world number 1, are obligated to play in 12 BWF World Tour. They were unbeaten in the first 3 tournaments that they participated in, capturing his second Indonesia Masters and All England Open, and also his third India Open titles. He and Gideon then defeated at the quarterfinals of Malaysia Open by Chinese pair He Jiting and Tan Qiang. In July, he and Gideon won the Indonesia Open, however, in the quarterfinals <mask> felt the umpire was not fair during a match and he continued to protest, and earned him a yellow card from the umpire. At the 2018 World Championships, <mask> and Gideon lost in the quarterfinals to Takeshi Kamura and Keigo Sonoda in straight games. <mask> competed at the 2018 Asian Games, won a silver in the team events, and then captured the men's doubles gold medal, after he and Gideon beat their compatriots Fajar Alfian and Muhammad Rian Ardianto in a close rubber games in the final. In September, he and Gideon retained their Japan Open title, defeating the reigning World Champions Li Junhui and Liu Yuchen.A week later, they finished as semifinalists in China Open, lost to Han Chengkai and Zhou Haodong of China. On the Europe tour in October, <mask> and Gideon clinched the Denmark Open title. But in France, they again defeated by Han and Zhou in the final, made their head-to-head record deficit to 1–2. In November, he and Gideon won the Fuzhou China Open and Hong Kong Open. After the victory they achieved in Hong Kong, <mask> and Gideon managed to set a record as the first ever men's doubles pair to win eight world tour titles in a season. At the 2018 BWF World Tour Finals gala dinner, the duo then awarded as the BWF Best Male Players of the Year for two consecutive year. As the defending champions of the World Tour Finals, <mask> and Gideon had to withdraw from the competition before their last group match, due to the neck injury suffered by Gideon.2019: Eight World Tour titles
<mask> opened the season in January by winning his second Malaysia Masters and third Indonesia Masters titles. He and Gideon reached his record 20th titles at the Superseries/Super 500 above tournaments. They later had to defeat in the early round of 2019 All England Open to Liu Cheng and Zhang Nan. In April, they lost in the quarter finals at the Malaysia Open, and in the semifinals of Singapore Open. He then played at the Asian Championships held in Wuhan, China as first seed. He and Gideon proceeded to the final, but inflicted a crushing defeat by number 5 seed Hiroyuki Endo and Yuta Watanabe. He then played with Indonesia mixed team at the Sudirman Cup held in Nanning, China.Teamed up with Gideon, they have never lost in their three matches against England, Chinese Taipei and Japan, but the team lost 1–3 in the semifinals tie against Japan. In July, <mask> successfully defended his title at the Indonesia Open, later won the Japan Open for three consecutive times alongside Gideon. They beat Mohammad Ahsan and Hendra Setiawan in straight games in the final in both events. In August, the duo managed to reaching the quarter finals of Thailand Open, but stopped by the Japanese pair Hiroyuki Endo and Yuta Watanabe. They then suffered first match loss, in the second round of Basel World Championships to Choi Sol-gyu and Seo Seung-jae of South Korea after they succumbed 21–23 in the deciding game. In September, <mask> and Gideon won their third China Open title, beating Ahsan and Setiawan in the final. They next went to Korea Open, but lost in the quarter finals to Fajar Alfian and Muhammad Rian Ardianto.In October, he won his second Denmark Open and first French Open titles with Gideon. At the East Asia tour in November, he won the Fuzhou China Open, and the following week he lost in the quarter finals at the Hong Kong Open against Endo and Watanabe. He and Gideon were nominated again as the BWF Best Male Player of the Year, but this time they lost to Kento Momota of Japan. They entered the World Tour Finals as the first seed. In the group stage, they beat Li Junhui and Liu Yuchen, lost to Endo and Watanabe, and then in the last match, they won against Takeshi Kamura and Keigo Sonoda, progressed to the next round as group runners-up. In the semifinal, they again defeated by the Japanese pair Endo and Watanabe, made their head-to-head record deficit to 2–5. <mask> ended the 2019 season by winning eight World Tour titles, including three in a row at Denmark, France and China.2020–2021
<mask> began his 2020 season by playing in the Malaysia Masters, pairing up with Marcus Fernaldi Gideon again. However, they finished in the quarter finals after losing to Fajar Alfian and Muhammad Rian Ardianto in a close rubber game. <mask> later won his fourth consecutive Indonesia Masters title (third with Gideon) defeating Mohammad Ahsan and Hendra Setiawan in straight games. In February, he alongside Indonesia men's team won the Asia Team Championships held in Manila. In March, he played at the All England Open with Gideon. The duo failed to win the title after lost to Hiroyuki Endo and Yuta Watanabe in the final. This was their sixth loss in a row over Endo and Watanabe.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous tournaments on the 2020 BWF World Tour were either cancelled or rescheduled for later in the year. In June, he then took part at the PBSI home tournament partnered with Muhammad Reza Pahlevi Isfahani. The duo won four matches, but unable to accomplish their victory after lost their last match against Fajar Alfian and Yeremia Rambitan, and finished as runner-up at that tournament. <mask> planned to return in the international competitions at the 2020 Asian Leg tournament in January 2021, but then he had to withdrawn from the competition after tested positive for COVID-19 in December 2020. <mask> made his comeback at the All England Open in March 2021. He and Gideon had played in the first round by beating the host pair Matthew Clare and Ethan van Leeuwen in a rubber game, but later Indonesia team were forced to withdraw from the competition by BWF after the team members will self-isolate for 10 days from the date of their inbound flight after an anonym person traveling onboard tested positive for COVID-19. In July 2021, <mask> competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics partnering Gideon as first seed.The duo led the group standings after won two matches and lost a match. Gideon and <mask> were eliminated from the competition by Malaysian pair Aaron Chia and Soh Wooi Yik in the quarter-finals. In September–October, <mask> alongside Indonesia team competed at the 2021 Sudirman Cup in Vantaa, Finland. The team advanced to the knocked-out stage, but stopped in the quarter-finals to Malaysia. In the next tournament in Aarhus, Denmark, he helped Indonesia team reached the final of the World Men's Team Championships, and the team won the 2020 Thomas Cup. In the next tournament, <mask> and Gideon played at the BWF World Tour in Denmark, French, and Hylo Opens. The duo ended the tour by winning the Hylo Open.At the Indonesia badminton festival, they finished as runner-up in the Indonesia Masters and triumph in the Indonesia Open. This was their three successive victory at the Indonesia Open following on from success in 2018 and 2019. Their achievements in 2021, lead them as the first seed in the BWF World Tour Finals. Awards and nominations

Achievements

Asian Games
Men's doubles

Asian Championships
Men's doubles

Southeast Asian Games
Men's doubles

ASEAN University Games
Men's doubles

BWF World Junior Championships
Mixed doubles

Asian Junior Championships
Boys' doubles

BWF World Tour (19 titles, 5 runners-up)
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tours are divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100. Men's doubles

BWF Superseries (10 titles, 2 runners-up)
The BWF Superseries, which was launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, was a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). BWF Superseries levels were Superseries and Superseries Premier.A season of Superseries consisted of twelve tournaments around the world that had been introduced since 2011. Successful players were invited to the Superseries Finals, which were held at the end of each year. Men's doubles

 BWF Superseries Finals tournament
 BWF Superseries Premier tournament
 BWF Superseries tournament

BWF Grand Prix (4 titles, 2 runners-up)
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017. Men's doubles

 BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
 BWF Grand Prix tournament

BWF International Challenge/Series (2 titles, 1 runner-up)
Men's doubles

 BWF International Challenge tournament
 BWF International Series tournament

BWF Junior International (1 title, 1 runner-up)

Boys' doubles

Mixed doubles

  BWF Junior International Grand Prix tournament
  BWF Junior International Challenge tournament
  BWF Junior International Series tournament
  BWF Junior Future Series tournament

Performance timeline

National team
 Junior level

 Senior level

Individual competitions

Junior level

Boy's doubles

Mixed doubles

Senior level
In the senior level tournament, Sukamuljo won gold medal in the 2018 Asian Games, and also won 33 individual titles in the BWF tour equivalent events. Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

Record against selected opponents
Record against year-end Finals finalists, World Championships semi-finalists, and Olympic quarter-finalists. Marcus Fernaldi Gideon
<mask> <mask> and Marcus Fernaldi Gideon lead the meeting record with a wide margin against Takuro Hoki and Yugo Kobayashi of Japan, Li Junhui and Liu Yuchen of China and their senior compatriots Mohammad Ahsan and Hendra Setiawan.Meanwhile, <mask> and Gideon have a poor head-to-head record against Hiroyuki Endo and Yuta Watanabe (2–6), Lee Yong-dae and Yoo Yeon-seong (0–3), and also Fu Haifeng and Zhang Nan (1–3). References

Bibliography

External links

1995 births
Living people
People from Banyuwangi Regency
Sportspeople from East Java
Indonesian people of Chinese descent
Indonesian male badminton players
Badminton players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players of Indonesia
Badminton players at the 2018 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for Indonesia
Asian Games silver medalists for Indonesia
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Competitors at the 2015 Southeast Asian Games
Southeast Asian Games gold medalists for Indonesia
Southeast Asian Games silver medalists for Indonesia
Southeast Asian Games medalists in badminton
World No. 1 badminton players
BWF Best Male Player of the

masks:
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo
Kevin Sanjaya
Sukamuljo
Sukamuljo


text_chunks:
<mask> (224–253), courtesy name Zixiao, was an imperial prince of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the third son of <mask>, the founding emperor of Wu. In 242, he became the crown prince after the death of his brother <mask>, the eldest son and first heir apparent of <mask>. In the 240s, a power struggle broke out between <mask> and his fourth brother, <mask>, over the succession to their father's throne. The conflict ended in 250 when <mask> forced <mask> to commit suicide, deposed <mask> and replaced him with <mask>. In 253, during <mask>'s reign, the regent <mask> reduced <mask> to commoner status and forced him to commit suicide. In 264, one of <mask>'s sons, <mask>, became the fourth emperor of Eastern Wu.After his coronation, <mask> honoured his father with the posthumous title Emperor Wen. Early life
<mask> was born as the third son of <mask>, a warlord of the late Eastern Han dynasty who became the founding emperor of the Eastern Wu state in the Three Kingdoms period. His mother was Lady Wang (), one of <mask>'s concubines; she was posthumously honoured as "Empress Dayi" () in 264. As Lady Wang was <mask>'s favourite consort at the time, <mask> also became his father's favourite son. In 237, when <mask> was only 13 years old, <mask> appointed some officials to serve as <mask>'s personal staff and ordered Kan Ze, the Prefect of the Palace Writers, to be <mask>'s personal tutor. <mask>, then a young teenager, was known for being studious and respectful. The officials who met him all praised him.In 241, <mask>'s eldest son and heir apparent <mask>, died of illness. One year later, in February or March 242, <mask> designated an 18-year-old <mask>, his eldest surviving son, as the new Crown Prince to replace <mask>. At the same time, <mask> also promoted Kan Ze to Crown Prince's Grand Tutor (), appointed Xue Zong as the Crown Prince's Junior Tutor (), and ordered Cai Ying (), Zhang Chun (), Feng Fu (), Yan Wei () and others to serve as the Crown Prince's attendants and personal staff. As crown prince
As <mask> was intelligent, <mask> favoured him and often kept him by his side. <mask> also treated <mask> exceptionally well; he gave <mask> new clothes, ornaments, toys and other gifts, but did not do the same for his other sons. <mask>'s subjects also highly regarded <mask> because he was not only bright, perceptive and well-versed in literary arts, horse-riding and archery, but also respectful and courteous towards his tutors and elders. He was genuinely interested in getting to know people.In 247, <mask> ordered Zhuge Yi () to pretend to defect to Wu's rival state, Wei, and lure the Wei general Zhuge Dan into a trap. When <mask> personally led the Wu forces to attack Zhuge Dan, <mask> showed grave concern about his father: he could not rest and have his meals in peace, repeatedly reminded his father to be careful, and hoped that his father would win the battle. He only put aside his worries upon seeing his father return safely to Wu. During <mask>'s reign, some Wu officials abused the system of bureaucracy and exploited loopholes to find fault with other. <mask> saw that this could potentially become a serious problem if officials continued to abuse the system for personal gain (e.g. taking petty revenge against colleagues), so he wrote a memorial to the imperial court urging them to take actions to discourage and eliminate such harmful practices. On one occasion, two officials, Liu Bao () and Ding Yan (), made accusations against each other.<mask> told Ding Yan, "It's hard to find competent employees in both the civil and military sectors. If everyone starts attacking each other over trivial and petty disputes, then how can we expect to have prosperity?" He then stepped in to mediate the conflict and succeeded in helping them resolve their dispute. <mask> heard that Cai Ying (), a member of his personal staff, enjoyed playing weiqi and that many of Cai Ying's subordinates also picked up the game and spent a lot of time playing. As he saw that weiqi was an unproductive activity meant to be a hobby or pastime, he became worried that Cai Ying and the others would become complacent and neglect their duties from playing too much weiqi. He thus came up with an idea to subtly remind and motivate his subordinates. He called for a meeting and asked them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of playing weiqi.One of them, Wei Yao (), went home, wrote an essay on this topic and presented it to <mask>, who had copies of it distributed among his personal staff. Succession struggle against <mask> and deposal
<mask>'s mother, Lady Wang, was not on good terms with <mask>'s eldest daughter, <mask>. As a result, <mask> disliked her half-brother, <mask>. On one occasion, <mask> could not attend a ceremony at the imperial ancestral temple because he was sick, so he ordered <mask> to take his place. Zhang Xiu, an uncle of <mask>'s wife Crown Princess Zhang (), lived near the imperial ancestral temple so he invited <mask> to stay at his residence during that period. <mask> sent her servants to spy on <mask> and reported to her father that <mask> was not in the imperial ancestral temple and was instead staying with his in-laws and plotting something. She also used the opportunity to slander <mask>'s mother, Lady Wang, whom she had a feud with, by telling <mask> that Lady Wang expressed glee when she heard that <mask> was sick.<mask> believed his daughter and became furious with Lady Wang. Lady Wang later died in distress. <mask> also fell out of his father's favour as a result and he became worried that his father would remove him from his position as Crown Prince. Sometime in the 240s, <mask> became embroiled in a power struggle against his fourth brother, <mask>, the Prince of Lu, who wanted to seize the position of Crown Prince from him. In fact, it was <mask> himself who sowed the seeds of the conflict between his third and fourth sons. Although <mask> had already made <mask> the Crown Prince in 242, he also treated <mask> exceptionally well. After discussing among themselves, some officials strongly urged <mask> to ensure that Confucian rules of propriety were followed and upheld.For example, <mask> should be accorded greater honours and privileges as compared to <mask> because he, as the Crown Prince, was in a higher position compared to the other princes. However, <mask> failed to make a clear distinction between his sons, so the power struggle intensified over time as <mask> and <mask> started vying for their father's favour and attention. Two opposing factions also emerged from among <mask>'s subjects: On one side, Lu Xun, Zhuge Ke, Gu Tan, Zhu Ju, Teng Yin, Shi Ji, Ding Mi () and Wu Can believed that <mask> was the rightful heir apparent so they supported him. On the other side, Bu Zhi, Lü Dai, Quan Cong, Lü Ju, <mask> (), Quan Ji (), Yang Zhu (), Wu An () and <mask> () supported <mask>. Quan Ji and Yang Zhu, in particular, frequently spoke ill of <mask> in front of <mask>. As the power struggle intensified, <mask> grew tired of it and told <mask> that he was worried that the power struggle would end up in a civil war like the one between Yuan Shao's sons. He wanted to end the power struggle and designate a new heir apparent, so he started taking action against some of the officials involved: Wu Can was imprisoned and executed later; Gu Tan was exiled to Jiao Province; Yang Zhu was executed and his body dumped into the river; Quan Ji, Wu An and <mask> were executed.The historian Pei Songzhi, who annotated <mask>'s biography in the Records of the Three Kingdoms, drew comparisons between the <mask>–<mask> succession struggle and other similar conflicts such as the one between Yuan Shao's sons and Liu Biao's sons. He commented that <mask> was worse than Yuan Shao and Liu Biao because, unlike Yuan Shao and Liu Biao who defied traditional norms of succession and made it clear that they wanted a younger son to succeed them, <mask> created ambiguity and uncertainty when he favoured <mask> despite having already designated <mask> as his heir apparent. Pei Songzhi criticised Bu Zhi, Lü Dai and Quan Cong for supporting <mask> because he deemed <mask>'s claim to the succession as illegitimate. He also remarked that this incident had a huge negative impact on Bu Zhi in particular, because Bu Zhi had a reputation for being virtuous and generous. After carefully considering some time, <mask> ordered <mask> to be put under house arrest. When Zhu Ju, Qu Huang () and some other officials heard about it, they covered their heads in mud, tied themselves up, and came to plead with <mask> to release <mask>. When <mask> saw them, he felt angry and scolded them for creating a disturbance.Later, he had the intention of deposing <mask> and replacing him with <mask>, his youngest son. Two officials, Chen Zheng () and Chen Xiang (), wrote a memorial to <mask>, citing the historical example of Shensheng and Xiqi to warn <mask> that changing the Crown Prince could lead to a civil war in the future. Zhu Ju and Qu Huang also repeatedly pressured <mask> to pardon <mask>. <mask> got fed up with them, so he executed Chen Zheng and Chen Xiang and had Zhu Ju and Qu Huang flogged 100 times. Qu Huang was later removed from office and sent back to his home town, while Zhu Ju was demoted and later tricked by <mask> (), a supporter of <mask>, into committing suicide. Zhang Chun (), one of <mask>'s subordinates who also repeatedly begged <mask> to spare <mask>, was imprisoned and later executed. Sometime between September and November 250, <mask> deposed <mask> from his position as Crown Prince and relocated him to Guzhang County (故鄣縣; northwest of present-day Anji County, Zhejiang).He also forced <mask> to commit suicide. <mask>'s personal staff, numbering dozens, met different fates as some were executed while others were exiled or dismissed. Many people thought that it was a grave injustice to <mask> and his personal staff. In December 250, <mask> designated his youngest son, <mask>, as the new Crown Prince to replace <mask>. Life after being deposed
When <mask> became critically ill between 250 and 252, he regretted his decision to depose <mask> and thought of restoring <mask> as Crown Prince. However, <mask>, <mask>, <mask> () and others strongly objected to it, so he dismissed the idea. In late January or February 252, <mask> made <mask> the Prince of Nanyang (), with Changsha Commandery (長沙郡; around present-day Changsha, Hunan) as his princedom.During his journey from Guzhang County to Changsha, <mask> saw a magpie's nest on a wall. Some people interpreted this as a sign that disaster would befall <mask>, while others thought that it was an auspicious sign since <mask> had now been restored to noble status after being deposed. After <mask>'s death in May 252, his youngest son <mask> succeeded him as the new emperor, with Zhuge Ke serving as the regent because the emperor was still too young at the time. Zhuge Ke was a maternal uncle of <mask>'s wife, the former Crown Princess Zhang. The former crown princess sent a messenger, Chen Qian (), to the imperial capital Jianye (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) to meet Zhuge Ke. Before Chen Qian left, Zhuge Ke told him, "Please tell her that in a matter of time, I'll make her greater than others." There were rumours that Zhuge Ke wanted to depose <mask> and put <mask> on the throne.His behaviour became even more suspicious when he floated the idea of moving the imperial capital from Jianye to Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei). In 253, after Zhuge Ke was overthrown and assassinated in a coup d'état, <mask> became the new regent for <mask>. <mask> demoted <mask> back to commoner status, had him relocated to Xindu Commandery (新都郡; around present-day Yi County, Anhui), and then sent an emissary to force <mask> to commit suicide. As <mask> bid farewell to his wife, the former Crown Princess Zhang, before taking his own life, she told him, "I'll accompany you through thick and thin; I won't continue living on my own." She followed suit after he committed suicide. <mask>'s concubine, <mask>, asked, "If we all die, who is going to raise the children?" She did not take her own life and lived on to raise <mask> (her son with <mask>) and his three younger brothers.Posthumous honours
In 264, after <mask>'s son, <mask>, became the fourth emperor of Eastern Wu, he honoured his father with the posthumous title "Emperor Wen" () and had him reburied at the Ming Mausoleum (), with officials and 200 households to watch over and maintain the tomb. In February or March 266, he separated nine counties from Wu Commandery and Danyang Commandery () to form a new commandery, Wuxing Commandery (), with its capital at Wucheng County (烏程縣; south of present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang). He appointed an Administrator () to govern Wuxing Commandery and put him in charge of the organising the ceremonies to honour his father every season. In August 267, <mask> heeded a suggestion from one of his officials to build a temple in the imperial capital, Jianye (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu), to honour his father. He then put Xue Xu in charge of overseeing the construction of the temple, which was named "Qing Temple" (). In January 268, he ordered Imperial Counsellor Meng Ren () and Minister of Ceremonies Yao Xin () to lead 2,000 troops to the Ming Mausoleum as part of an entourage to "escort" <mask>'s spirit from the mausoleum to the temple. When the entourage reached Jianye, <mask> kept asking the priest conducting the ceremony about the condition of his father's spirit.After the priest told him that his father looked just the same as when he was still alive, <mask> shed tears of both sadness and joy and later rewarded his subjects. <mask> also ordered the Imperial Chancellor Lu Kai to oversee the sacrificing of animals in the neighbouring villages as offerings to his father's spirit. That night, <mask>o slept outside Jianye. The following day, <mask> appeared very sad when his father's spirit was being enshrined in the temple. Over the subsequent days, he kept visiting the temple – three times within seven days – to pay respects to his father's spirit, and even ordered singers and dancers to entertain his father's spirit day and night. He only stopped doing so when an official told him that the entire ceremony would lose its sacredness if he performed it excessively. Family
<mask> had at least four sons – <mask> (), <mask>, <mask> () and <mask> ().<mask> was born to <mask>'s wife Crown Princess Zhang (a daughter of Zhang Cheng), while <mask> was born to <mask>'s concubine <mask>. It is not known who the mothers of <mask> and <mask> were, except that they were probably <mask>'s concubines. In 258, after <mask>'s sixth son, <mask>, replaced <mask> as the new Wu emperor, he enfeoffed <mask>'s eldest son, <mask>, as the Marquis of Wucheng () with his marquisate in Xindu Commandery (新都郡; around present-day Yi County, Anhui). <mask> also enfeoffed <mask> and <mask> as the Marquis of Qiantang () and Marquis of Yong'an () respectively, and appointed <mask> as a Cavalry Commandant (). In 264, following <mask>'s death, <mask> succeeded him as the fourth emperor of Eastern Wu. <mask>
<mask> had a reputation for being intelligent and bright, <mask> feared that he would pose a threat to him, so he found an excuse to have <mask> executed. <mask>
<mask>'s eventual fate remains unknown.He probably died early, or else <mask> might have purged him too. <mask>
In late September or October 265, <mask> moved the imperial capital from Jianye (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) to Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei) and left Imperial Counsellor Ding Gu () and General of the Right Zhuge Jing in charge of Jianye. During this time, due to <mask>'s tyrannical and oppressive rule, one Shi Dan () from Wuxing Commandery (吳興郡; around present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang) rallied about 10,000 men and started a rebellion. The rebels took <mask> hostage and headed towards Jianye, where they intended to make <mask> the new emperor. When they were some 30 li away from Jianye, <mask> issued a decree to Ding Gu and Zhuge Jing, ordering them to submit to him. Zhuge Jing executed <mask>'s messenger. When the rebels were about nine li away from Jianye, Ding Gu and Zhuge Jing led government forces from Jianye to attack them.As the rebels did not have body armour to protect themselves, they abandoned <mask>, who was sitting in a carriage, and fled at the sight of armoured soldiers marching towards them. Ding Gu and Zhuge Jing took <mask> captive but did not dare to execute him, so they sent a messenger to Wuchang to ask <mask> what to do with him. <mask>o ordered <mask> and <mask>'s mother to be poisoned to death. <mask>'s daughter
<mask> also had a daughter who was born to Crown Princess Zhang (Zhang Cheng's daughter). She married Lu Jing, who was born to Lu Kang and another daughter of Zhang Cheng; both <mask>'s daughter and Lu Jing therefore were Zhang Cheng's maternal grandchildren. See also
 Eastern Wu family trees#<mask> (Zixiao)
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

Notes

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu). Eastern Wu imperial princes
224 births
253 deaths
People from Ezhou
Suicides in China
Forced suicides of Chinese people
Executed Eastern Wu people
People executed by Eastern Wu
3rd-century executions
Family of <mask>
Heirs apparent who never acceded
Ancient people who committed suicide

masks:
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Deng
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun Quan
Sun Ba
Sun He
Sun Liang
Sun Liang
Sun Jun
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Hao
Sun Hao
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Deng
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Deng
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Luban
Sun Luban
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Luban
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Hong
Sun Qi
Sun Ba
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun Jun
Sun Qi
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun Ba
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun Ba
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Liang
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Hong
Sun Ba
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Liang
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Luban
Sun Jun
Sun Hong
Sun Quan
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Liang
Sun He
Sun Liang
Sun He
Sun Jun
Sun Liang
Sun Jun
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Lady He
Sun Hao
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Hao
Sun Hao
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Hao
Sun Hao
Sun Ha
Sun Hao
Sun He
Sun Jun
Sun Hao
Sun De
Sun Qian
Sun Jun
Sun He
Sun Hao
Sun He
Lady He
Sun De
Sun Qian
Sun He
Sun Quan
Sun Xiu
Sun Liang
Sun He
Sun Hao
Sun Xiu
Sun De
Sun Qian
Sun Jun
Sun Xiu
Sun Hao
Sun Jun
Sun Jun
Sun Hao
Sun Jun
Sun De
Sun De
Sun Hao
Sun Qian
Sun Hao
Sun Hao
Sun Qian
Sun Qian
Sun Qian
Sun Qian
Sun Qian
Sun Qian
Sun Hao
Sun Ha
Sun Qian
Sun Qian
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun He
Sun Quan


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 21 June 1993) is a Dutch professional road racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam . He has won four individual Tour de France stages and one team time trial stage. He has also won the Dutch National Road Race Championships, five stages of the Tour of Norway, five stages of the Tour of Britain and three stages of Paris-Nice. In 2020, Groenewegen received considerable attention for causing a serious crash at the Tour de Pologne, which put Fabio Jakobsen in hospital, for which he received a nine-month ban from racing. Early life
Groenewegen was born to a working-class family in Amsterdam. His grandfather, Ko Zieleman (1933–2021), assembled custom bike frames of which Groenewegen received his first bike at the age of seven. Zieleman owned a shop selling bike frames, a trade that his father had started in 1928, which Groenewegen's father, Gerrie, has continued.At the age of 17, Groenewegen went to a trade school in order to follow his previous three generations as a frame-builder. Career

Pre-World Tour
Groenewegen said in an interview that he had to choose between  or  to join in 2014. He chose the former as they gave him "a lot of confidence". LottoNL–Jumbo (2016–2021)
In October 2015, Groenewegen announced that he had signed with , on an initial three-year deal from 2016. 2016
In June, Groenewegen won the Dutch National Road Race Championships after outsprinting Wouter Wippert. During a review of Groenewegen's Bianchi Oltre XR4 bicycle, Simon Richardson of Global Cycling Network said he is "a very easy rider to work with" in respect to the mechanics. Groenewegen won stage 4 of the Tour of Britain.2017
In the Dubai Tour, which ran from late January into early February, Groenewegen came second in the general classification, having finished second in stages 1 and 2. Despite narrowly missing out on victory in these areas, he did win the overall youth classification. On 28 April, Groenewegen won the first stage of the Tour de Yorkshire. The stage, which was  long from Bridlington to Scarbrough, came down to a photo finish where he held off Australian sprinter Caleb Ewan. He came fourth on the second stage which finished in Harrogate. He continued this success when in May, he won two stages at the Tour of Norway. The Tour de France started well for Groenewegen when he came fifth on stage 2, the first flat stage.He produced two more top-10 results in the first week, with sixth in stages 6 and 7. After two mountain stages and a rest day in Dordogne, he returned to finish third on stage 10 – a  route from Périgueux to Bergerac. Groenewegen won the final stage of the race on the last stage on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. 2018
In February, Groenewegen competed in the Dubai Tour and won stage 1. Groenewegen held the general classification lead until the third stage when he was penalised 20 seconds after illegally drafting behind his team's car after suffering a mechanical fault. The blue jersey, given to the race leader, was lost to Elia Viviani who started the day two seconds behind Groenewegen, who dropped out of the top 10. He expressed his anger, saying "I had problems with my bike, the mechanicals fucked it up for me.I actually think it was a good decision by the judges but it fucked it up for me" before placing the blame on his mechanics, saying that "it's the fault of my mechanics". In the Tour de France, Groenewegen won stage 7 after beating Fernando Gaviria and Peter Sagan, both of whom had won two stages to that point in the tour. The stage was the longest in the tour at  which started in Fougères and finished in Chartres, Northern France. Groenewegen also won stage 8, beating Sagan and John Degenkolb in Amiens. In an interview, Groenewegen said that the sprint was "a bit messy" but he said that he "surged ahead" and took advantage of the "good opportunity". 2019
In March, Groenewegen won the first two stages of Paris-Nice. On the second stage, he found himself at the head of the race in a group of 23 riders about  from the finish line, and ended up winning the stage after another split left just 7 riders contesting for the win.Later in March, he won the Three Days of Bruges–De Panne, out sprinting Gaviria and Viviani after squeezing through a gap between Gaviria and the barrier in order to open up his sprint. Team Jumbo-Visma won the team time trial on stage 2 of the Tour de France, thus increasing the lead of Groenewegen's teammate, Mike Teunissen in the general classification. Groenwegen went on to win stage 7 of the Tour de France, the longest stage in the tour at  finishing in Chalon-sur-Saône. He beat Caleb Ewan and Sagan, giving him his fourth Tour de France stage win. Groenewegen won stages 1, 3 and 5 of the Tour of Britain, beating Davide Cimolai, Mathieu van der Poel, and Matthew Walls on the respective stages. 2020
Groenewegen's 2020 season started well, with victories on stages 1 and 3 as well as the points classification of the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana. Groenewegen had further success in the UAE Tour, winning stage 4 on 26 February.He beat Fernando Gaviria and Pascal Ackermann to the finish in Dubai after 173km. During stage 1 of the Tour de Pologne in Katowice, Poland on 5 August, Groenewegen pushed Fabio Jakobsen into the barriers surrounding the finish line causing a very serious crash that put his rival in hospital and eventually in a medically induced coma. Groenewegen crashed as well and suffered a broken collarbone. More riders were involved in the crash; French sprinter Marc Sarreau had to abandon the race due to his injuries resulting from the crash. Groenewegen was disqualified from the race and fined CHF 500. Jakobsen's directeur sportif Patrick Lefevere said his team are considering bringing criminal charges against Groenewegen. In November 2020, Groenewegen was handed a nine-month ban for causing the crash, backdated to the day of the incident, meaning the ban ended on 7 May 2021.The previous month, Jakobsen had to undergo facial surgery where his jaw was reconstructed and bone was transplanted. Both Groenewegen and his team Jumbo-Visma apologized and took responsibility, with Groenewegen saying he "deviated from [his] line" and also that he wanted to be a "fair sprinter". Team BikeExchange–Jayco (2022–present)
In December 2021, Groenewegen signed a three-year contract with Australian UCI WorldTeam  from 2022 season. Personal life
As of 2017, Groenewegen lives in Rivierenbuurt, a district in Amsterdam.


text_chunks:
<mask> (born July 26, 1971) is an American writer, editor, and academic of Sri Lankan birth. Background
<mask> was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka but moved to the United States at the age of two and grew up in New Britain, Connecticut. Her parents, who had originally intended to return to Sri Lanka after a few years and were still considering the possibility for the future, planned in 1983 to send 12-year-old <mask> to live with her grandparents for a summer "to reconnect" with her homeland. Just before she was to go, her father received a telegram. "Don't send her. There's trouble coming." He cancelled the trip.As she later wrote,It's called Black July in Sri Lanka. Riots erupted in Colombo, the capital city, killing thousands of Tamils, the ethnic minority group, the group to which I belong. Brutal chaos ensued – friends of mine who were there tell horrifying stories. They saw tires put around men's necks, saw them lit on fire. They saw women and children dragged from their homes, pulled from cars to be raped and killed in the street. I saw none of this, but the stories haunt my fiction. Whether I'm writing mainstream lit or fantasy or science fiction, I keep coming back to the war in Sri Lanka.I keep thinking about the life I would have had, if my parents had made different choices. If we had stayed there, and been killed in the riots. If I had gotten on that plane. If we had fled, as so many of my aunts and uncles did, and ended up as refugees in Canada or elsewhere. Instead, <mask> attended Miss Porter's School and the University of Chicago and graduated with a degree in English Literature in 1993. She holds an MFA from Mills College (1998) and a PhD in English Literature from the University of Utah (2005). She also attended the Clarion West Writing Workshop in 1997.Academic career
<mask> has taught at Salt Lake Community College, the University of Utah, and Vermont College. From September 2005 to June 2007, she was a Visiting Professor in the MFA Program at Roosevelt University. From 2007 to 2008, she was a Visiting Professor at Northwestern University, in the Center for the Writing Arts. She taught at the Clarion Workshop in July 2008. Since 2008, she has worked as in the English Department at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), first as Clinical Assistant Professor, and currently as Clinical Associate Professor. She was Associate Coordinator of Asian and Asian American Studies at UIC from 2009 to 2014. Writing
Her novel-in-stories, Bodies in Motion, received an honorable mention from the 2007 Asian American Literary Awards and was named a USA Today notable book.In 2006, <mask> received an Illinois Arts Council Fellowship in Prose. She was the co-founder and editor-in-chief for Clean Sheets, an online magazine of erotica, from 1998 to 2000. In 2000 she helped found Strange Horizons, where she was the editor-in-chief through 2003. In 2004 she founded the Speculative Literature Foundation, which she still directs, and is a founding member and Executive Director of Desilit, an organization designed to support South Asian and diaspora writers. <mask> founded and is Executive Director of the biennial Kriti Festival, a celebration of South Asian and diaspora literature and arts, founded in 2005. As of 2013, she is Editor-in-Chief of Jaggery, "A DesiLit Arts and Literature Journal". <mask> was a host for season 12 of the Writing Excuses podcast.<mask>'s writing frequently explores issues of cultural identity. She has noted in interviews that she feels the complexity of such issues in her own life: "When people ask me what my identity is, I could say I'm Sri Lankan-American ... I could say I was raised Catholic but now I'm agnostic. I could say I've been called a queer, because although I've been with a man the past 17 years, I'm bisexual." She is also something of a sexuality activist; she founded and moderates the Internet Erotica Writers' Workshop, and was a former moderator for soc.sexuality.general. <mask> has had stories published in the Wild Cards science fiction shared universe edited by George R. R. Martin., and has announced that she will have further stories in forthcoming Wild Cards anthologies Fort Freak, Lowball, Low Chicago, Joker Moon, and Three Kings.Personal life
<mask> lives in Oak Park, Illinois, a Chicago suburb, with her husband, Kevin Whyte (a mathematician), and their children, daughter Kaviarasi Whyte (born May 18, 2007), and son Anandan Whyte (born September 24, 2009). She is self-proclaimed as polyamorous ("we have an open relationship, and I feel very lucky that I’m able to have other loves in my life"), and has a relationship of over 20 years with writer-editor Jed Hartman, which Hartman acknowledges on his own website. On February 12, 2015, she announced in her blog that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer. She has been documenting the treatment (including chemotherapy and a lumpectomy) in a "Cancer Log" on her website. On February 24, 2015, she married Whyte, with whom she had had a domestic partnership for 23 years. In 2017, <mask> ran for the Oak Park library board. Democracy for America endorsed her candidacy.She was successfully elected on April 4, 2017. In April 2021, she was elected to the D200 school board, which governs Oak Park and River Forest High School. Bibliography
Fiction
 Kathryn in the City: A Choose-Your-Own-Erotic-Adventure (Melcher Media, 2003) ()
 The Classics Professor: A Choose-Your-Own-Erotic-Adventure (Melcher Media, 2003) ()
 Bodies in Motion: Stories (HarperCollins, 2005) ()
 The Stars Change (Circlet Press, 2013) ()
 Perennial: A Garden Romance (Lethe Press, 2018) ()

Mixed-genre collections
 Torn Shapes of Desire (IAM [Intangible Assets Manufacturing], 1997) ()
 Silence and the Word (Lethe Press, 2004) ()
 Without a Map [with Nnedi Okorafor] (Aqueduct Press, 2010) ()

Nonfiction
 A Taste of Serendib: A Sri Lankan Cookbook (Lethe Press, 2003) ()
 A Feast of Serendib: Recipes from Sri Lanka (2020) ()

Children's
 The Poet's Journey (Serendib Press, 2008) () [as "Amirthi Mohanraj"]

Edited books
 Aqua Erotica (Three Rivers Press, 2000) ()
 Wet: More Aqua Erotica (Three Rivers Press, 2002) ()
 The Best of Strange Horizons: Year One (Lethe Press, 2003) ()
 The WisCon Chronicles, Vol. 9: Intersections and Alliances (Aqueduct Press, 2015) ()
 Invisible 3: Essays and Poems on Representation in SF/F [with Jim C. Hines] (2017) ()
 Survivor [with JJ Pionke] (Lethe Press, 2018) ()

Edited online magazines/journals
 Clean Sheets (founder and editor-in-chief, 1998–2000)
 Strange Horizons (founder and editor-in-chief, 2000–2003)
 Jaggery (founder; editor-in-chief, 2013–17)

References

External links
  Contains links to her biography, bibliography, journal, and other areas of interest. Uniting Desi Writers and Readers Interview in India Currents Magazine by Ranjit Souri

1971 births
20th-century American writers
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
American bloggers
American erotica writers
Sri Lankan emigrants to the United States
American people of Sri Lankan Tamil descent
American science fiction writers
Bisexual writers
Bisexual women
LGBT people from Sri Lanka
Living people
Science fiction editors
Science fiction fans
University of Chicago alumni
University of Utah alumni
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
American novelists of Asian descent
American writers of Sri Lankan descent
American women novelists
Writers from Chicago
American LGBT novelists
Miss Porter's School alumni
American women bloggers
Women erotica writers
Novelists from Illinois
Bisexual academics
LGBT people from Connecticut
LGBT American people of Asian descent
School board members in Illinois
Polyamorous people

masks:
Mary Anne Amirthi Mohanraj
Mohanraj
Mary Anne
Mohanraj
Mohanraj
Mohanraj
Mohanraj
Mohanraj
Mohanraj
Mohanraj
Mohanraj
Mohanraj