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<mask><mask> (May 11, 1917 – December 5, 1990) was an American jazz pianist, arranger, conductor, composer and producer. He recorded on London and Decca Records in the 1950s, and Columbia Records in the 1960s. During the course of his career, Pleis worked with many artists, including Louis Armstrong, Harry Belafonte,  Bing Crosby, Sammy Davis Jr., Benny Goodman, Earl Grant, Brenda Lee, and Joe Williams. Between 1950 and 1976, over 150 songs were arranged by <mask>. His surname is pronounced "Pleece" (to rhyme with "fleece"). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Philadelphia on May 11, 1917. Starting at age four, he began his training in classical piano.He first performed in concert when he was seven. By the time he was eleven, he appeared on radio programs for children. <mask> enrolled in college intending to study medicine. To support his studies, he played piano in jazz and popular music bands. Eventually he left school and moved to New York City, where he began his musical career. Career

Early days
In New York, <mask> became successful as a pianist, arranger, conductor, and composer. He was one of Jan Savitt's Top Hatters, playing piano and doing arrangements, a position he left in 1942 to enlist in the Army during World War II.In 1947, the <mask> Trio provided instrumental support for Larry Laurence (with The Quintones providing vocal harmonies). By 1948, <mask> was working at the RCA Victor studios on 24th Street, appearing on the cover of the January 1, 1949 issue of  Billboard playing piano at the studio's holiday party. His orchestra backed Teresa Brewer and Bobby Wayne on their 1949 single "Copper Canyon"/"'Way Back Home". <mask> was also part of the Dixieland All-Stars group which backed Brewer's breakout hit (and signature song) "Music! Music! Music!" in late 1949.London Records
<mask> joined the  American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) in 1950. He began work as arranger and composer at London Records under Tutti Camarata. The orchestra backed Ralph Young on his 1950 London single "Please Treat Her Nicer"/"I've Got the World on a String", and <mask> released his own single "Ragging the Scale"/"Story of the Stars", the B-side of which ranked at number 10 on "The Disk Jockeys Pick" in Billboard. In early May 1950, he accompanied his future wife, London recording artist Eve Young, on a promotional tour prior to her opening show. Pleis released several more singles, "Time Alone (Can Heal a Broken Heart)"/"What is There to Say", "I'll Always Be in Love with You"/"Caravan", and "Le Petite Valse"/"Ragamuffin", and the orchestra backed Snooky Lanson on his 1950 London single "You Wonderful You"/"Honestly I Love You". In June 1950, <mask> married Eve Young, and the March birth of their daughter Michelle was noted in an April 1951 Billboard. The Orchestra backed Eve on her single "Just for Tonight"/"Would I Love You?"In 1952, <mask> and orchestra worked with The Bell Sisters and continued working with Teresa Brewer. <mask> left London Records, and Eve signed a new contract with Coral Records, recording under her new name, Karen Chandler. Her debut for Coral, backed by Pleis' orchestra, was the song "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me," and it became an enormous hit. Selling over a million copies, it peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard charts. In 1953, Pleis and orchestra backed her on her third Coral release, "I'd Love to Fall Asleep (And Wake Up in Your Arms)"/"Goodbye, Charlie, Goodbye". Decca Records
In mid-1953 Pleis joined Decca Records under Milt Gabler.Pleis and Orchestra released "The Eighteenth Variation"/"Mr. Peepers" under the Decca label. The orchestra backed Karen Chandler again on "Why? "/"Flash From the Blue". 1954 saw the release of the orchestra's Decca singles, "Frenchman in St. Louis"/"Pagan in Paris", "Ah Ri Rung", and "For Always"/"Beyond the Blue Horizon", and the orchestra backed the Dinning Sisters on "Steel Guitar Rag", Eileen Barton on "And Then", and Teresa Brewer on her album A Bouquet of Hits. 1955 saw Pleis scheduled to be profiled in the April issue of The American Magazine. Pleis and His Orchestra began releasing singles of Disney film songs (also collected and released on the album Music from Disneyland), and also released "Lies"/"Hey There" and "Pauline"/"The Trouble With Harry", the title tune for Alfred Hitchcock's film, The Trouble with Harry. In 1956, Pleis and His Orchestra again backed Karen Chandler, this time on her first Decca release, and Pleis released another album, Strings and Things.The orchestra backed Bobby Darrin on his single "Rock Island Line"/"Timber". In October, <mask>' song "Giant", theme of the film Giant, debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at #93, peaking at #91 in December, and the song "I'll Always Be In Love With You" charted at #65, also in December. <mask> also produced Bing Crosby's album, Songs I Wish I Had Sung the First Time Around. 1957 saw the release of singles "(But As They Say) That's Life"/"Goodnight Waltz", "Search for Paradise"/"Serenade to Michelle", and "The Carefree Heart"/"Serenade in Soft Shoe", and the Orchestra backed Georgie Shaw on "One More Sunrise", Sammy Davis Jr. on "The Golden Key", and Merv Griffin on "I'll Be Thinking of You". "(But As They Say) That's Life" charted at #69 in June 1957. In 1958, the Orchestra backed Carmen McRae on her album Mad About the Man, as well as Toni Arden and also backed The Four Aces on their album Swingin Aces. He produced the Kalin Twins song "When", which spent five weeks at No.1 on the UK charts. In 1960, <mask> conducted for The Castilians' album, Valentino Tangos. <mask> and Orchestra backed Sammy Davis Jr. on a dozen tracks for Decca, including "What Kind of Fool Am I?" (which won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1963), "The Lady Is a Tramp", "I Gotta Right to Sing the Blues", "Do Nothin' Till You Hear From Me", "I Got a Woman", "There Is No Greater Love", "Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You", "This Little Girl of Mine", "Till Then", and "Mess Around". Columbia Records
The 1960s brought a move to Columbia Records. In 1961, <mask> and Orchestra backed Brazilian singer Maysa Matarazzo on her album Maysa Sings Songs Before Dawn, he conducted for Billy Butterfield's album, The Golden Horn, and arranged several of the tracks on Lionel Hampton's album, Soft Vibes Soaring Strings. <mask> also produced Les Elgart's album, "It's De-Lovely" For Dancing and Listening, and released an EP, Medley from The Musical "Through The Years" and an LP, Stage Left, Stage Right.In 1963, he conducted for Peter Nero's album, Born Free, and Pleis and Orchestra backed Liza Minnelli on her single, "One Summer Love"/"How Much Do I Love You?". Film and television scores
<mask> and His Orchestra performed the songs "Strange Feelings" and "The Blues I Got Comin' Tomorrow" for the soundtrack of the 1961 film, Force of Impulse. <mask> composed and conducted the music for the 1964 film, Diary of a Bachelor. He also composed music for the television shows Family Affair (1966), Gunsmoke (1967), The Wild Wild West (1967–1969), and Dusty's Trail (1973–1974). Later career
<mask> arranged the songs on side one of Johnny Hartman's 1967 album, I Love Everybody, including "If I Had You", "I Cover the Waterfront", and "For Once in My Life". Under the moniker The Sound of Our Times, <mask> co-produced and penned two songs for the 1967 easy listening, psychedelic instrumental LP Music of the Flower Children. <mask> produced several of Harry Belafonte's albums, Belafonte by Request (1970), The Warm Touch (1971), and Calypso Carnival (1971).Pleis also produced several of <mask>' albums, A Jack Jones Christmas (1969), A Time for Us (1970), and Christmas With <mask> (1973). He produced Hugo Montenegro's album, Colours Of Love (1970). In 1976, <mask> put out what would be the last album released under his own name, I Play the Songs the Whole World Sings, on Ranwood Records. Private life and death
Pleis was married to singer Karen Chandler. He died December 5, 1990 in Palm Springs, California at the age of 73, and is survived by his children <mask> Stirber, <mask>, and <mask>. Charted hits
 "Giant", Billboard Hot 100, #93 (10/20/1956), #91 (12/29/1956)
 "I'll Always Be In Love With You", Billboard Hot 100, #65 (12/08/1956)
 "(But As They Say) That's Life", Billboard Hot 100, #69 (6/17/1957)

Selected discography

Albums

Music from Disneyland

Broadway Goes Hollywood

Strings and Things

Serenades to Remember

50 Memorable Melodies In Hi-Fi

Music for Two Sleepy People

Medley from The Musical "Through The Years"

Stage Left, Stage Right

I Play the Songs the Whole World Sings

With Jan Savitt & the Top Hatters

With the Henri René Orchestra
RCA Victor Presents Eartha Kitt (RCA, 1953)
That Bad Eartha (EP) (RCA, 1954)
Down To Eartha (RCA, 1955)
That Bad Eartha (LP) (RCA, 1956)
Thursday's Child (RCA, 1957)

See also
Albums arranged by <mask>is
Albums produced by <mask>

Notes

References

Further reading
Obituaries

External links
<mask> Orchestra Collection at Internet Archive
Jack Pleis - Discography at 45cat.com

 Jack Pleis recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. Media

1917 births
1990 deaths
20th-century American composers
American jazz pianists
American male pianists
American male composers
American pop pianists
Record producers from Pennsylvania
Record producers from New York (state)
Columbia Records artists
Decca Records artists
London Records artists
Musicians from New York City
Musicians from Philadelphia
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American pianists
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

masks:
Jack K
. Pleis
Pleis
Jack Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Jack Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleiss
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Pleis
Jack Jones
Jack Jones
Pleis
Michelle Pleis
Jason Pleis
Damon Pleis
Jack Ple
Jack Pleis
Jack Pleis


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<mask> (1 January 1999 – ) was a First Nations teenage girl who was reported missing and died in August 2014. Her case is considered among the high number of missing and murdered Indigenous women of Canada, and her death renewed calls by activists for the government to conduct a national inquiry into the issue. In December 2015, a suspect was charged with second-degree murder in her case. However, no forensic evidence or eyewitnesses that could directly link him to her death was presented and the cause of her death was never established. He was acquitted by a jury in February 2018. The case of <mask> helped prompt the Canadian government to commit to creating an independent national inquiry into the issue of murders and violence against Indigenous women, which was started in 2017. <mask> was buried on Sagkeeng First Nation next to her father.Background
<mask>'s paternal grandfather was a residential schools survivor, and his experiences as a child led to years of severe alcoholism and violence. At the age of 12, her father <mask> left his home in Sagkeeng First Nation,  northeast of Winnipeg, to move to Winnipeg, where he fended for himself on the streets. In Winnipeg, he developed an addiction to alcohol. <mask>'s mother, Valentina (<mask>) Duck, was raised in Bloodvein First Nation,  north of Winnipeg. Starting at the age of six, Duck was removed from and returned to her mother several times by Manitoba Child and Family Services. Duck experienced a number of significant traumas as a young child, which the Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth said in a 2019 report "were not appropriately addressed." At the age of 10, Duck was taken from her family permanently.After that, she was moved repeatedly, began to be sexually exploited by adults, and started to use alcohol and drugs. The Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth says little was done to intervene and protect her. When <mask>'s parents met, her mother was a 12-year-old child in care, and her father was 23. Child and Family Services records show that it knew their relationship was sexual and knew that <mask>'s father had a past that involved violence and severe addictions. Files noted that her mother would frequently run away from her foster placements to stay with <mask>'s father. In 1994, Duck described to her caseworker feeling "depressed," "suicidal," "isolated, alone, and unloved." In the spring of 1996, at the age of 14, Duck gave birth to her first child, who was immediately and permanently taken from her by Child and Family Services.Early life
<mask> was born on 1 January 1999 in Winnipeg, Manitoba. She was her mother's second child; in June 2000, her mother gave birth to a third. When she was one year old, <mask> was removed from her family's care for the first time by Child and Family Services. It happened again when she was two, after which she was returned to the care of her father. When <mask> was five years old, her father placed her and her younger sibling with her great-aunt and -uncle, Thelma and Joseph Favel, through a private guardianship arrangement. <mask> lived with her great-aunt and -uncle for nearly a decade in Powerview-Pine Falls, Manitoba (next to Sagkeeng First Nation), except for a brief stay in Selkirk. In 2011, when she was 12, her father (age 41) was beaten to death; his two assailants were convicted of manslaughter.<mask>'s aunt recalled that her father's violent death deeply affected the girl: "She was very hurt, very lost. That's when she drifted away." Despite being eligible, she did not receive grief counseling following her father's death. In a 2019 report, the Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth noted that Child and Family Services was clearly aware that she was struggling in the period between her father's death and her own. Records from the time document <mask> being increasingly absent from school, missing assignments and being suspended from school, getting into verbal confrontations and physical fights that resulted in police being called, getting medical treatment for self-harm, and being reported missing three times. During this period, her family repeatedly asked for help from child and family services. Disappearances and discovery
In early 2014, at the age of 15, <mask> went to Winnipeg to visit her mother.By that time, Duck had lost custody of her children as a result of her involvement in sex work and her struggling with alcoholism. On 17 and 18 July, <mask> was under Child and Family Services (CFS) care in Winnipeg, housed at a downtown hotel. From 23 to 29 July, Fontaine stayed at Ndinawe, a temporary shelter for youth; her bed was given away to another vulnerable youth after Fontaine missed her curfew a second time. On 31 July 2014, Fontaine was reported missing to Winnipeg Police Service (WPS). Her aunt Lana later said that Fontaine had stayed with her during the August long weekend (1–3 August). On 5 August, Fontaine telephoned her CFS worker and was subsequently picked up by members of CFS and WPS. What happened to Fontaine between 5 and 8 August is unclear, but she remained a missing youth.She presented at a youth shelter in the early morning hours of 8 August, but left shortly thereafter. At 5:15 am on 8 August, two police officers encountered her in a truck with an allegedly drunk driver as part of a traffic stop, but did not take her into custody, even though she was known to be missing. The two constables were suspended for their actions and left the police force. At 10 am, she was found passed out in an alleyway near the University of Winnipeg. She was escorted to the Health Sciences Centre for treatment. While at the hospital, <mask> mentioned to her CFS worker that she had been associating with a 62-year-old man named Raymond Cormier. After being medically cleared for discharge, Fontaine was checked into a downtown hotel placement, which she soon left.An 18-year-old girl who claimed to have been with <mask> shortly before she disappeared told CBC News of events that she said happened in the hours leading up to <mask>'s disappearance. Identified by CBC News as "Katrina", she said that after she met <mask> between 10 and 11 pm on 7 August, they went to eat at the Macdonald Youth Services emergency shelter at around 2:30 am. Katrina said she believed Fontaine was drunk, and requested the shelter staff keep her overnight, but that <mask> refused to stay and refused to give her name. She said that after seeing <mask> get into the truck and the encounter with the police, she lost contact with <mask> until around 8 pm, after Fontaine left the hotel where she was staying. At around 3 am the following morning, she said the two were approached on Ellice Avenue by a man who offered Fontaine money to perform a sex act. Katrina said Fontaine accepted and left with the man, and that Katrina followed them but lost sight of the two in the dark. <mask> was reported missing again on 9 August.At around 1:30 pm on 17 August, a body was found wrapped in plastic and a duvet cover and weighed down with rocks in the Red River. The body was identified as that of <mask>'s the following day. Police believe she had died on or around 10 August. An autopsy was unable to conclusively determine a cause of death. Trial
Raymond Joseph Cormier (aged 53) was charged with second-degree murder in December 2015. He pleaded not guilty. The trial began 29 January 2018.A witness testified that the last time that he saw <mask>, she was arguing with Cormier because he had sold her bicycle frame for drugs. The Crown did not introduce any forensic evidence or eyewitnesses to directly link Cormier to <mask>'s death, and the cause of her death remained undetermined. The largely circumstantial case relied on the suspect's statements that were secretly recorded during a police sting operation. Cormier's lawyers argued that, without a determination on the cause of death, it could not be known for certain that she died as a result of an unlawful act, and that Cormier should be acquitted "on that [argument] alone." Cormier was found not guilty on 22 February 2018. On 13 March 2018, Crown prosecutors announced that they would not appeal the case. Aftermath and legacy
<mask> was buried on Sagkeeng First Nation next to her father.A memorial was placed at the site on the first anniversary of the discovery of her body at the Red River. In response to <mask>'s death, the Canadian Human Rights Commission requested an inquiry into the number of missing and murdered Indigenous women (MMIW) in Canada. The RCMP already had such a study underway, which was completed in 2014. Acting Chief Commissioner David Langtry wrote, "Once again our hearts are filled with grief and sadness as we mourn the brutal and senseless murder of an Aboriginal girl. <mask> must not disappear into the oblivion of statistics." With the change in government, in December 2016, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that a national inquiry titled "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls" would be undertaken. Five independent commissioners were appointed, and commissioners and staff began to consult with families, activist organizations, and others about how to structure the inquiry.Also in response to the death, a volunteer group known as Drag the Red was formed. They have begun to regularly drag portions of the Red River to find bodies or evidence in missing persons or homicide cases. <mask>'s death also led to the creation of the Bear Clan Patrol, which promotes safety and crime prevention in Winnipeg's North End. Additionally, a local Inuit woman, Holly Jarrett, has started social media campaigns: the #AmINext hashtag and a Change.org petition in response to <mask>'s death. The hashtag campaign called for a national inquiry and allowed Indigenous women to express their feelings about the issue of MMIW. Manitoba's Child and Family Services (CFS) announced that, as of 1 June 2015, it would no longer place children in hotels. The Strong Hearted Buffalo Women Crisis Stabilization Unit, a semi-secure crisis intervention program for Indigenous girls considered to be at risk of sexual exploitation, was created in the fall of 2015 in response to <mask>'s case.Through federal funding, the Ndinawe Youth Resource Centre renamed itself "<mask>'s Safe Haven" and launched a 24/7 safe space for youth in November 2018. After Cormier's acquittal, Indigenous leaders in Manitoba criticized governmental systems for not protecting <mask>: "We as a nation need to do better for our young people," said Grand Chief Sheila North, of Keewatinowi Okimakanak. Carolyn Bennett, federal Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, tweeted: "<mask>'s is a tragic story that demonstrates the failures of all the systems for Indigenous children and youth on every level... we need to fix this." A day after the end of the trial, over a thousand people marched in Winnipeg to honour <mask> and support her family. On 28 February 2018, the Justice for our Stolen Children Camp was set up on Wascana Park in Regina in response to the death of <mask> and Colten Boushie. The next month, political activist Indygo Arscott held a rally outside Toronto City Hall to voice outrage in memory of <mask> due to Cormier being found not guilty of the crime. In March 2019, Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth's Daphne Penrose released a report documenting <mask>'s life and the shortcomings of the agencies that were meant to protect her.See also
List of solved missing person cases
List of unsolved murders

References

Further reading

External links
BBC Assignment: Canada's Red River Murders

2010s missing person cases
2010s in Winnipeg
Female murder victims
Formerly missing people
Incidents of violence against women
Missing person cases in Canada
Murder in Manitoba
Unsolved murders in Canada
Violence against Indigenous women in Canada

masks:
Tina Michelle Fontaine
Tina Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Eugene Fontaine
Fontaine
Tina
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Tina Fontaine
Tina
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Tina Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
Fontaine
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Fontaine
Tina
Tina
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Fontaine
Tina
Fontaine
Tina
Fontaine
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Fontaine
Fontaine


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<mask> (17 February 1944 – 3 February 2011) was an English footballer who made more than 400 appearances in the Football League playing as a striker for Manchester City, Preston North End and Rochdale. In total, <mask> scored 86 goals from 334 League games for Manchester City, scored the only goal in the 1969 FA Cup Final, and scored as City won the 1970 European Cup Winners' Cup Final. Transferred to Preston North End for £48,000 during the 1971–72 season, he made 68 League appearances and scored 18 goals for the Deepdale club before finishing his senior career with Rochdale, where he spent the 1974–75 season. Career

<mask> was born in Fallowfield, Manchester, where he lived with his parents and older brother Chris. His house was half a mile from Manchester City's Maine Road ground, which was visible from the bedroom window. As a schoolboy he played for Manchester Boys,<ref name="mre">Penney, The Maine Road Encyclopedia, p. 217.</ref> facing opponents who were two years older. After catching the eye of scout Harry Godwin, <mask> signed for Manchester City as an apprentice in 1959, turning down the opportunity to join Manchester United.Around this time he was capped by England at youth level. He turned professional in July 1960, and made his first team debut in November 1961, in a 2–1 defeat against Aston Villa at Villa Park. After breaking into the team for the first time, <mask> played every match in the remainder of the 1961–62 season. He scored his first goal for the club on 23 December 1961, in a 3–0 home win against Ipswich Town. He finished his first season with 11 goals in 26 appearances. <mask>'s first full season was not a successful one for Manchester City; the team struggled to find form throughout. A four match unbeaten run in April, in which <mask> scored a winning goal against Bolton Wanderers, gave hope, but on the final day of the season Manchester City were relegated to the Second Division.For the following two seasons <mask> continued to be a regular first team player, though he missed the first two months of the 1964–65 season. Manchester City did not come close to promotion, and their 11th-place finish in 1965 was at that point the lowest in the club's history. Manager George Poyser departed in April 1965, and in July 1965 his replacement, Joe Mercer, joined the club, along with coach Malcolm Allison. <mask> missed the start of the 1965–66 season with an illness that resulted in a tonsillectomy. He marked his return to the team with two goals against Coventry City. Up until this point in his career, <mask> had usually played on the left wing. However, encouraged by Mercer and Allison to shoot more frequently, his position began to vary.Against Leyton Orient, <mask> was deployed as an inside forward, and scored a hat-trick. He also played inside-forward in an FA Cup tie against Leicester City, and scored the winning goal against a team from the division above. By January, Manchester City were top of the Second Division. The club only lost one match in the remainder of the season, and won the Second Division Championship by a five-point margin. <mask> finished as the club's highest goalscorer, with 17 goals. Manchester City returned to the First Division for the 1966–67 season, and <mask> remained a key player. Before Manchester City's game against Leeds United, Leeds manager Don Revie, known for his meticulous scouting of opposition teams, identified <mask> as a particular threat in a Grandstand'' interview.Operating mainly on the wing, <mask> scored less frequently than in the previous season, with 7 goals in 45 appearances. Manchester City finished the 1966–67 season in mid-table, and continued in a similar vein at the start of the 1967–68 season, failing to win in their first three matches. A tactical switch saw <mask> and Mike Summerbee moved inside, and <mask> scored two goals in City's first win of the season, 4–2 against Southampton. Four more wins followed immediately, including a 2–0 win against Newcastle United in which <mask> scored a goal and missed a penalty. <mask> remained at inside-forward for the rest of the season. Following the arrival of striker Francis Lee and a long unbeaten run, Manchester City entered the New Year as potential title contenders. In mid-March, a 5–1 win against Fulham in which <mask> scored two goals took Manchester City top of the table.The lead changed hands several times in the following six weeks, but as the teams entered the final round of fixtures, Manchester City travelled to Newcastle knowing a win would guarantee the championship. <mask> scored twice and had another disallowed as Manchester City won 4–3 to win the title, the first major honour of <mask>'s career. <mask> also finished the season as the club's highest goalscorer with 20 goals. The following season, Manchester City did not challenge for the title. However, they found more success in the FA Cup. <mask> played in every round as the club reached the 1969 FA Cup Final. The opponents in the final were Leicester City.As Leicester were struggling against relegation Manchester City were strong favourites. However, the game was a close affair. Midway through the first half, Mike Summerbee crossed the ball from the right, and <mask> hit a left foot shot past Peter Shilton into the roof of the net. The match finished 1–0, <mask>'s goal winning the Cup for Manchester City. Cup success continued in 1969–70. The club reached and won the League Cup Final, though <mask>, who had played in all but one of the preceding rounds, was left out of the team for the final. A second final followed a month later, this time in European competition in the form of the European Cup Winners' Cup.City faced Polish club Górnik Zabrze in the final, held at Prater Stadium in Vienna. <mask> scored the opening goal, from a rebound after a save by Hubert Kostka. Shortly before half-time <mask> was fouled in the penalty area by Kostka, and Francis Lee scored the resulting penalty. City won the match 2–1 to become the first English team to win a European and domestic trophy within the same season. In late 1970, <mask>'s brother, Chris died aged 31, an event which affected <mask> deeply. His performances for Manchester City suffered as a result. He played approximately half the matches in the 1970–71 season, scoring only two goals.In the following season, he featured only rarely, and made his last appearance for the club on 16 October 1971, as a substitute against Leeds United. In total, <mask> scored 86 goals from 334 league games for Manchester City. He was transferred to Second Division club Preston North End for £48,000 during the 1971–72 season. He made his debut for the club in a 0–0 draw against Birmingham City. He made 68 league appearances and scored 18 goals for the Deepdale club, but left after the club were relegated in the 1973–74 season. He finished his senior career with Rochdale, where he spent the 1974–75 season. <mask>, widely regarded as one of Manchester City's most important players of the modern era, though not as celebrated nationally as teammates Colin Bell, Francis Lee and Mike Summerbee, was inducted into the Manchester City Hall of Fame in 2008.Personal life
<mask> married his first wife, Margaret, when he was 19. The couple had a son and two daughters, and divorced in 1982. He also had a daughter with his second wife, Susan. <mask> married his third wife, Carmen, in 2003, having lived with her since 1989. After retiring from football <mask> had many different jobs, including removals, managing a sports shop, delivering milk, working in a supermarket, and selling insurance. In his spare time he maintained his fitness by playing badminton, and after winning local tournaments, played the sport for Cheshire. During much of this period he struggled financially, to the point where he had to sell the family home and move in with his mother.Deeply depressed at this point in his life, he attempted suicide. From the mid-1990s <mask> coached school football teams in the area around his Cheshire home. <mask> was diagnosed with terminal cancer in late 2010. Following a supporter campaign, Manchester City dedicated their FA Cup tie at Leicester on 9 January 2011 to <mask>. Supporters wore red and black (the colours City wore in the 1969 final against Leicester), with proceeds from specially made scarves being split between <mask> and Wythenshawe Hospital. He died on 3 February 2011, just two weeks shy of his 67th birthday. Career statistics
Source:

Honours
Manchester City
 First Division: 1967–68
 Second Division: 1965–66
 FA Cup: 1968–69
 FA Charity Shield: 1968–69
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1969–70

References

Bibliography

1944 births
2011 deaths
People from Fallowfield
English footballers
Association football forwards
Manchester City F.C.players
Preston North End F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
English Football League players
FA Cup Final players

masks:
Neil James Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
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Young
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Young
Young
Young
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Young
Young
Young
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Young


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<mask> ( , born 19 July 1937) is a Professor Emeritus of German language at Silpakorn University, a public university in Thailand. He was Dean of Faculty of Arts (1976–1979) and Vice President of that university (1979–1981) and also served in various government-appointed roles for higher education administrations in the country. As a scholar, his early work includes comparative literature and German literature. He authored books and articles for general and academic audiences in his mother-tongue, Thai as well as English and German. Through his writings and public talks, <mask> is later known in Thailand for his contributions to the arts criticism movement and his voice and leadership in the field of the humanities. Early life and academic career
<mask> was born in Bangkok, Thailand as the youngest of six children. Both his father and mother were school teachers.His father, Thanom () or Khun Chamnikhabuansat () was a principal at  and was instrumental in establishing a Thai classical band at  and also a teacher of Western classical music. <mask> and all of his male siblings attended Debsirin School. He graduated from the school in 1954 and secured the first place in the national matriculation examination for arts students. Nagavajara completed his first year at the Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University and received a Thai Government Scholarship to pursue further studies in the UK. He spent three years in Manchester preparing for his university admission. Nagavajara obtained a B.A. with Honours in Modern Languages from Cambridge University.He later moved to Germany in 1961 to study under the supervision of Kurt Wais. Nagavajara received his Dr.phil. (magna cum laude) in Comparative Literature from University of Tübingen in 1965. He received honorary doctorates
from Prince of Songkla University in 1998, Srinakharinwirot University in 2001, Chulalongkorn University in 2004, Mae Fah Luang University in 2005,
Chiang Mai University in 2006 and University of Tübingen in 2009. Granting a second doctorate to the same person in this way was unprecedented at the University of Tübingen and his case has set precedent. <mask>'s first placement in Thailand was at the Ministry of Education in 1968. He later moved to Sanam Chandra Palace campus of Silpakorn University in Nakhon Pathom.As one of the first-generation academic staff at the campus, Nagavajara founded the German Department in 1968. He temporarily left the university to become deputy director of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Secretariat (SEAMEO Secretariat) under the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) for 2 years. Afterwards, <mask> returned to the University in 1976 as Dean of the  and remained in that position until 1979. During his time in the university, he was also a Vice President for Academic Affairs and Development Planning (1979–1981). Later in 1983, he was promoted to full professor. Nagavajara was twice visiting scholar at
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor in 1985 and 1992 and Fulbright Visiting Professor at the University of California, Berkeley in the academic year 1989–1990. He retired as a senior professor (level 11) in 1997 and was appointed Emeritus Professor of German at the university.After official retirement from full-time public service, Nagavajara still continues contributing to the academia by serving on government commissions, university councils and leading research projects after his official retirement. Work and influences

German and comparative literature
<mask>'s 1965 doctoral dissertation discusses August Wilhelm Schlegel's leading role in French literary criticism in 1807–1835. The thesis written in German was later published as his first book in 1966 by the German publisher  in Tübingen. The thesis turned monograph was praised for its role as an impartial literary mediator between France and Germany and was lately cited in the biography of Schlegel by Roger Paulin. His second book "Brecht and France" was published in English by Peter Lang in Bern. In addition to Schlegel and Brecht, he also wrote about Goethe, Mann and contemporary German poetry in Thai language. Beside his own written works, Nagavajara translated more than 50 pieces of work mainly poetry by other authors, almost exclusively from German to Thai.Some examples of poetry he translated are "Geschrieben" by Werner Lutz, "Ein Tag für Impressionisten" by  and "Der Aufruf" by Friederike Mayröcker. Nagavajara wrote a number of English and German books discussing a transboundary culture of humanities between Thailand and Western countries such as "Comparative literature from a Thai perspective. Collected articles 1978–1992", "Fervently Mediating: Criticism from a Thai Perspective, Collected Articles 1982-2004" and "Bridging Cultural Divides: Collected Essays and Reviews 2006-2014". These were published in Thailand by Silpakorn University, Chulalongkorn University Press and Silkworm Books and were well received by the community of scholars. Before his official retirement from Silpakorn University, he was awarded the inaugural TRF Senior Research Scholar grant in 1995 by the  for his research project "Poetry as Intellectual and Spiritual Force in Contemporary Society: Experiences from Thai, British-Irish, American, French and German Literature". His work is not without controversies. In August 1998, during the last seminar in the series for this TRF-funded project, poets took an exception to what he presented as "representative Thai poetry" which include lyrics from modern pop songs by Seksan Sukpimai but not highly-regarded modern classics.In his interview with the Bangkok Post, he explained that "The protest by the poets at last August's seminar was brief, and had to do with a misunderstanding concerning the concept of value in poetry." Thai arts and criticism projects

Nagavajara has been seasoned arts and literary critic in Thailand for decades. In 1998, The Bangkok Post described him as "... a critic who writes with a sharp pen. His comments can cause playwrights, too, to have second thoughts about their work even when it is playing to sold-out houses, and visual artists pay very close attention to what he has to say..."

As researcher and project leader, Nagavajara initiated and led the research projects "Poetry as a Spiritual and Intellectual Force in Contemporary Society" (1995–1998) and "Criticism as an Intellectual Force in Contemporary Society" (1999–2005). Thai arts criticism research projects under his leadership comprise literary criticism, art criticism, theatre criticism and music criticism. After the conclusion of the two grants (1999–2001 and 2002–2005) from the Thailand Research Fund, the projects were continued and expanded in scope by other research team members while he remains involved as a senior advisor until the conclusion of the last TRF-funded project in 2020. Examples of notable subjects of Nagavajara's criticism projects are Chart Korbjitti, Angkarn Kalayanapong, Sri Burapha, Atsiri Thammachot, , , Thailand Philharmonic Orchestra, and visiting foreign orchestras and soloists.Some of his works in this area are published on TRF Criticism Project website. Translated Plays, such as Bertolt  Brecht’s  Der gute Mensch von Sezuan (The Good Person of Szechwan) and Jean Anouilh’s Antigone (อันตราคนี or Antrakani in Thai) are also included. Nagavajara's role in the series of TRF-funded criticism projects inspired an award-winning children novel Khun Pu Waen Ta To ( , 2001) by , a 2014 national artist of Thailand in literature. The grandfather in the story was modeled after him and the children in the story represented team members of the research project. The sequel to the novel Khun Pu Waen Ta Taek ( , 2011) by the same author also featured him as the main character with a new batch of primary level students. The adventures of a grandfather and children in field trips to Wat Pho, National Gallery, Bang Lamphu, Amphawa and Spirit Cave at Pang Mapha and attempts to instill appreciation of the arts and their native roots were the main themes in the two books. Frequent reference to Siam Devadhiraj by the grandfather to express his frustration and various remarks on grandfather's connections to Germany in the two books were inspired by unique characters of Nagavajara.Humanities education and Thai higher education
<mask> writes extensively about humanities education and higher education in Thailand. His first book on a humanities theme "For survival of the humanities" was published in 1989 and sequels to the first, "Humanities in crisis: a Thai case study" and "Standpoint of humanities" were published in 1995 and 2015 respectively from collection of his essays. For higher education in general, he published essays in a book "Papers on Education" as early as 1981 and continues to present his views and ideas on higher education for decades. His lecture "From (Selfless) Giving to Commodification: The Dilemma of Higher Education" (2013) and "Cultural Consciousness: the Foundation of Thai Higher Education" (2017) given at the workshops "Deans for Change" were published as books by the Knowledge Network Institute of Thailand (KNIT) and were later included in two of his other books. In addition to his roles as deputy director of the SEAMEO Secretariat, Dean of Faculty of Arts, Vice President of Silpakorn University, Nagavajara was a member of the University Council at
Ubon Ratchathani University (1993–2003),
Prince of Songkla University (2008–2012) and
Mahidol University (2008–2016). He was a member of the Governing Board of Ministry of State University Affairs (, ) for more than a decade (1987–1990, 1992–2002). As Thai higher education making a transition into autonomous universities, the board was changed into Civil Servant Commission in Higher Education Institutions (, ) and he continued to serve as a member (2005–2009).These appointments to high-profile public positions were royally endorsed by the King and published in the Government Gazette of Thailand. In an interview with Bangkok Post in 1998, he said that it is not that he want to remain a civil servant (, ) but it is his sense of gratitude for the Thai Government's scholarship he received for his education in Europe. Nagavajara's guiding principle that he always share with younger Thai scholarship recipients is "Scholarships may be paid back (either through years of service or even in cash), but indebtedness (to those anonymous tax payers who finance your education) is inexhaustible." (, )

In 2011, Nagavajara chaired a committee at Mahidol University that produced a manual recognizing 22 types of academic products in humanities, social science and the arts for the purpose of academic promotion. The manual provide details and clarity for the interpretation of the Thai Ministry of Education rules for academic promotion of tertiary instructors which were nationally standardized and enacted for the first time in 2007. Influences
Apart from his doctoral advisor, Kurt Wais, and long-term mentor,  in Germany, his arts and literary criticism was influenced by Charles Baudelaire, Bertolt Brecht, Albert Camus, Neville Cardus, Reinhold Grimm, Alexander von Humboldt, F. R. Leavis, Ekavidya Nathalang, Ronald Peacock, , Friedrich Schiller, , René Wellek. He and his young colleagues were instrumental in carrying out the higher education ideal of a collegiate system conceived by ML Pin Malakul, former Minister of Education and former president of Silpakorn University.Personal life
He is married to Tasanee <mask>, a professor of French, Chulalongkorn University. They have one son, Tasana, a violinist and two daughters.

masks:
Chetana Nagavajara
Nagavajara
Chetana Nagavajara
Chetana
Nagavajara
Nagavajara
Nagavajara
Nagavajara
Nagavajara


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<mask> (New Haven, Connecticut, August 28, 1915 – Calabasas, California, October 27, 1985) was an American writer. Biography
<mask> entered Yale University at 16 and graduated in 1935 with a degree in psychology. He then enrolled for a few months’ additional study at Yale's Graduate Division of General Studies. In 1936 he taught at Bryn Mawr’s summer College of Women Trade Unionists. He moved to New York and between 1936 and 1938 contributed to Trotskyist journals, such as The Militant and The New International. In New York City the American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky was looking for an English-speaking secretary to assist Trotsky in Mexico. <mask>’s friend Arthur Mizener, a professor at Yale, provided funds, and in 1937 <mask> travelled to Mexico, where he worked for eight months as Trotsky’s bodyguard and secretary, acting as the liaison between Trotsky and the John Dewey Commission investigation into the Moscow Trials.Between 1937 and 1939 <mask> occasionally worked in the Merchant Marines. In 1939 he moved to Greenwich Village, where he eventually drifted away from the Trotskyite movement and met Anais Nin and Henry Miller. Through them he found employment writing pornographic novels (11 in 11 months) for the private collection of Roy Melisander Johnson, an Oklahoma oil millionaire. He credited his pornographic output with teaching him to write to specified lengths while facing deadlines: "I acquired the work discipline of a professional writer, capable of a solid daily output." In 1941 he was the assistant night editor for Paramount Newsreel for a few weeks. In 1943 and 1944 he wrote war-related science articles for Popular Science Monthly and Mechanix Illustrated. He eventually became the editor of the latter magazine.In 1946 he collaborated with the jazz musician Mezz Mezzrow in writing Mezzrow's autobiography, Really the Blues. The book was a popular success, introducing the mass audience to aspects of black culture. It received a flattering notice in Billy Rose's syndicated column  in October of that year and in 1947 <mask> was hired as ghost writer for Billy Rose’s syndicated column. <mask> worked on a further study of "negro" culture in America, which was never published, but excerpts were published in American magazines in 1949 and 1950, translated for Jean-Paul Sartre’s Les Temps modernes and quoted by Frantz Fanon. In 1950 he had psychoanalysis with Dr. Edmund Bergler. <mask> would return in his fiction to Bergler’s idea of "psychic masochism". Bergler's ideas of frigidity and the importance of the vaginal orgasm recur in <mask>'s presentation of female sexuality.In 1951 he published a short story, "Self-Portrait", in Galaxy. Its themes of cybernetics, artificial limbs and prostheses, computerised warfare, masochism and voluntary amputeeism would all be expanded upon in his first published novel, Limbo (1952). Because the novel was set in the then-distant future of 1990, the original British edition is entitled Limbo '90. The publisher claimed that <mask> had written "the first book of science-fiction to project the present-day concept of 'cybernetics' to its logical conclusion". David Pringle selected Limbo for inclusion in his book Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels. J.G. Ballard praised <mask>'s "lucid intelligence" and claimed Limbo helped encourage him to start
writing fiction.Boucher and McComas, however, received the novel poorly, calling it "pretentious hodgepodge" and describing its theme as "a symbolically interesting idea . . . never developed with consistent or convincing details." P. Schuyler Miller gave Limbo a mixed review, describing it as a "colossus of a novel" while faulting its "endless talk." His novel The Late Risers, Their Masquerade (1954), the title of which plays on Herman Melville’s The Confidence-man: His Masquerade, is about the hustlers, actors and drug dealers who people late-night New York City. In 1955 and 1956 he wrote a number of television plays, some of which drew upon his experiences with Trotsky and as a ghost writer. His 1956 teleplay Five Who Shook the Mighty, a dramatization of the trial of five Romanians who had captured the Romanian Communist legation in Switzerland, was the subject of protests by the Romanian embassy but was given a special award by the Crusade for Freedom. He wrote a monthly column in 1957 for Nugget, a men's magazine.His third novel, In Deep (1957), is a thriller featuring espionage, socialist hipsters and decades-old Communist vendettas played out in Cuba. The Great Prince Died (later republished as Trotsky Dead) (1959) was a roman a clef about the events surrounding the assassination of Trotsky (called Victor Rostov in the novel). The book was well received by critics and reviewers, though many expressed doubts about the mixture of fact and fiction in the book. Trotskyites were highly critical of the book, particularly of <mask>'s theme that Trotsky's guilt about the Kronstadt rebellion was transformed into a masochistic death wish. A partial dramatization of The Great Prince Died on Turnley Walker's 1959 book program First Meeting  was instrumental in bringing <mask> to live in California. The Magic of Their Singing (1961) is another novel about New York City's counterculture, as university graduate Hoyt Fairliss explores the world of the beats and nonconformists. In 1960 he began publishing stories in Playboy magazine, which paid him a retainer for a first option on his short work.In 1961 it was announced that <mask> was writing an (unproduced) screenplay for Tony Curtis about Hugh Hefner and  Playboy magazine. In 1963 it was announced that <mask> was writing the (unproduced) screenplay adaptation of Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer. Come On Out, Daddy was published in 1963, an expansion of bitter stories recently published in Playboy and Cavalier (as Andrew Foxe) about Gordon Rengs, a novelist and screenwriter, and his tawdry adventures in Hollywood. A short story collection, Move Up, Dress Up, Drink Up, Burn Up was published in 1968. In the late 1960s he taught at UCLA. Harlan Ellison solicited two stories ("The Girl with Rapid Eye Movements", about Gordon Rengs and the generation gap) to appear in his 1972 science fiction anthology, Again, Dangerous Visions. <mask> wrote an autobiography, Memoirs of a Not Altogether Shy Pornographer (1972), the title of which alludes to Kenneth Patchen’s Memoirs of a Shy Pornographer.His novel Logan’s Gone (1974), a return to the character of Gordon Rengs, features contemporary politics with campus protests and Vietnam veterans. In 1974 <mask> signed a seven-book contract with a recently formed Los Angeles publisher, Wollstonecraft Inc. Unfortunately the publisher suffered financial troubles, and <mask> published no books after this. It remains uncertain whether several books may or may not have been printed, particularly because of variant titles used in a 1974 Publishers Weekly article. The Great Prince Died was republished with emendations as Trotsky Dead. A novel entitled Full Disclosure and advertised to appear in 1975 as an “international suspense novel highlighting moral conflicts among the men who hold the keys to government secrets” may be the Watergate–inspired novel Lies, whose publication corresponds with Wollstonecraft's 1975 schedule, about an undercover government agent whose marriage falters as does his faith in the work he does. Julie: The Life and Times of John Garfield (or Body and Soul: The Life and Death of John Garfield), a biography of the actor by <mask> and Edward Medard was advertised in several trade journals throughout 1975 and 1977 but its publication is uncertain.A novel, Blood Money, and a collection of essays and reviews, Men Not Quite Without Women, were never published. In 1975 he collaborated with Michael Blankfort on a play, Karl and Arthur, about Karl Marx and Arthur Rimbaud. Throughout the 1970s articles and profiles  noted a lengthy novel that <mask> was writing about the Delano grape strike. In 1969 <mask> had conducted a series of UCLA lectures on the proletarian novel, and the Delano grape strike had been employed as background in several of the stories in Move Up, Dress Up, Drink Up, Burn Up. <mask> married the actress Dolores Michaels in Los Angeles on June 30, 1960. The marriage was her second and his first. The remained married until his death on Oct. 27, 1985.Death certificate lists Michaels as spouse at death. They had twin daughters, Jordan M. and Miranda I., born in Los Angeles on July 23, 1970. <mask> died of a heart attack at the Motion Picture and Television Hospital. Uncle Remus and the Malevolent Rabbit (Commentary, July 1949)
 Ecstatic in Blackface: The Negro as a Song-and-Dance Man (Modern Review, January 1950)
 War Bonds: More Delusions of Security (as Christopher Bliss, The American Mercury, April 1951)
 Are Taxes Making Liars of Us All? (as Christopher Bliss, The American Mercury, March 1952)
 Angry at What? (The Nation, 1 November 1958)
 The Man Who Murdered Trotsky (Coronet, July 1959)
 The 'Darks' Against the 'Lights' (Esquire, April 1960)
 Manners and Morals on the Sunset Strip (Esquire, August  1961)
 Swimming in Red Ink (Playboy, July 1964)
 Interview with Henry Miller (Playboy, September 1964)
 A Pair of Jokers and an Ace," (Sunday Herald Tribune, 25 July 1965). The Man Called I-l-l-y-a (The New York Times, October 24, 1965)
 The Step After Muscle (Cosmopolitan, February 1966).30 Years After Stalin's Great Purge (New York Times, September 18, 1966)
 The Trouble with Harry (World Journal Tribune, 26 March 1967). The 10 Percenters Of Hollywood (New York Times, June 18, 1967)
 Our Generation Gap: Dialogue with the Mutant Young (Los Angeles Times, 6 August 1967)
 The Real-Life Death of Jim Morrison (Esquire, June 1972)
 Dearth in the Evening (Works in Progress #7, 1972)
 Swiftie the Magician: Rendering the Fad of the Camelot Myth (Los Angeles Times, 22 September 1974)
 review of ‘The Electronic Battlefield’ by Paul Dickson (Books West Magazine, Volume 1 #2, 1976)

Short stories
Many of his short stories were published by Playboy Magazine, and two stories placed in Harlan Ellison's Again, Dangerous Visions anthology. "The Never Ending Penny", originally published in Playboy Magazine, 1960

References

David Galloway "An Erratic Geography: The Novels of <mask>," Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction, VII (Spring 1964)
John Leonard, "Whatever Happened to <mask>?" New York magazine 22 April 1968

External links

  (primarily under '<mask>, <mask>, 1915–' without '1985')
 Bernard <mask> Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 1915 births
1985 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American sailors
American science fiction writers
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Connecticut

masks:
Bernard Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Wolfe
Bernard Wolfe
Bernard Wolfe
Wolfe
Bernard
Wolfe


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<mask> (; née Kroeber; September 19, 1931 – July 23, 2019) was a Chicago-based journalist, editor, and author. She won her first of two Pulitzer Prizes in 1963 for a series on local government's failure to provide contraceptive information and services to low-income women. Her stories led to a number of important policy changes in women's healthcare, public housing, and the juvenile court systems. In 1989, she received her second Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing. Early life
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1931 to architect Walter and homemaker Adele, née Taege. She had one younger brother, Donald. Soon after she was born, she moved with her family to Arlington Heights, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.Wille's maternal ancestors were of German descent, and lived in Chicago since the 1800s. Her mother was born in Arlington Heights. Wille's father was born in Leipzig, Germany, and moved to America in 1924 after finishing college. Wille described her father as “an intellectual…[who] loved mathematics, science, archaeology and transmitted a lot of that to my brother and to me.” Her mother “did…the things that a mother and homemaker did in the thirties and forties…but also early on developed a great interest in politics and civic affairs and later in her life she was one of the most avid listeners of talk shows and radio and readers of newspapers. I think she read newspapers more thoroughly than I did.”

Wille attended a Lutheran grammar school and Arlington Heights High School before attending Northwestern University, where she received both a bachelor's degree and master's degree from the university's Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications in 1953 and 1954, respectively. Wille won the Northwestern Alumnae Award in 1986. While a senior at Northwestern, Wille was the managing editor of the campus newspaper, The Daily Northwestern.She also was involved in the efforts to integrate campus dormitories. Journalism career

Chicago Daily News and first Pulitzer Prize
Upon graduation, Wille began her career at the Chicago Daily News in 1956. At the time, most women were assigned “feminine” beats, like “Our Gal” stories, fashion coverage, and celebrity interviews. Among Wille's early work included interviewing film star Cary Grant, coverage of Khrushchev's visit to the United States, and a feature on the Lady of Angels school fire. When Wille saw an opening in the newsroom in 1957, she jumped at the opportunity. She got the job, becoming one of two women in the newsroom. "The jobs were hard to get," Wille recalled."The excuse we kept hearing: 'Well, what if you get pregnant? Then you’re going to quit.' And what do you say? You vow never to get pregnant? It was nonsense, and it’s something a boss or editor would never dare say today." Early in her career, Wille began covering the civil rights movement and social welfare issues. Much of that work involved reporting on the conditions of Chicago's ghettos, with a focus on disparities in housing and healthcare.In September 1962, Wille ran a five-part series investigating the state's failure to provide birth control information and services to women on public aid and women below the poverty line. She found that city public health clinics and the public Cook County Hospital refused to give women information on contraception if they relied on the state for health care. "I had wanted to write about this problem for a long time," said Wille, "both because it was important to women's health and because it denied an essential part of health care to poor women that more affluent women got as a matter of course." Wille faced some pushback in the lead-up to running her series. The editor of the Chicago Daily News, Maurice "Ritz" Fisher, was a devout Catholic with reservations about publishing a story involving birth control. After consulting a local Catholic priest and activist, Fisher allowed the story to be run. Less than three months after the story's publication, the Illinois Public Aid Commission voted 6-4 to pay for birth control for welfare recipients.In 1963, Wille won her first Pulitzer Prize for Public Service. Wille had said that she never imagined she would win a Pulitzer for this story, and that her goal was to change public policy. "It bothered me that women who were so poor that they had to rely on government for their medical care could not get the same quality of care that I could," Wille said in her interview with Diane Gentry in 1991. "Women were dying because of it. There were women who were aborting themselves and dying. Children who were being abandoned because they were unwanted. So that's what motivated me."During that time period, Wille also wrote a series on children who suffered brain damage from eating lead paint in tenements, investigated issues with commitment procedures at a local mental health clinic, and reported on the failures of the juvenile court system in Cook County. For several of her stories, Wille went undercover or semi-undercover. After leading a report on the impact on Chicago of the death of Mayor Richard J. Daley, Wille shifted her focus from investigative to editorial writing. She was promoted to editor of the editorial page in 1977. Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago Tribune, and later career
When the Chicago Daily News ceased publication in 1978, Wille became the editorial page editor at the Chicago Sun-Times. In 1984, following Rupert Murdoch's purchase of the Sun-Times, Wille left the paper for its rival paper, the Chicago Tribune. In 1987, she became editor of the Tribune’s editorial page.In 1989, she received her second Pulitzer Prize in Editorial Writing. She retired from the Tribune in 1991. Wille's colleagues at the Tribune described her as "standard-bearer for women, a remarkably adroit writer-thinker-editor who is tough and dogged without losing her femininity." Doug Kneeland, Wille's deputy editorial page editor, wrote of his colleague: "No question. If <mask> were running Chicago, it would be a better place. Fairer, more decent, more honest, more demanding and more giving, preserving the best part of its past, while reaching out eagerly to make even more of its future—for all of its people.”

Columnist Mike Royko, Wille's colleague at the Daily News, Sun-Times, and Tribune, described Wille as having "no weaknesses as a journalist", stating: "Over the years, I've seen lots of Pulitzer prize winners in action, but I have never seen anyone who is superb at everything, except <mask>. She's brilliant, with the best analytical mind I've ever seen.She's a superb writer, great reporter, marvelous organizer. If she had been a man she could have been editor of the Chicago Daily News and Sun-Times." Wille's two books were Forever Open, Clear, and Free: The Struggle for Chicago’s Lakefront (1991) and At Home in the Loop: How Clout and Community Built Chicago's Dearborn Park (1998), ISBN 0-8093–2126-2. Personal life
Wille met her husband, Wayne, also an editor and journalist, in a journalism class at Northwestern. They were married in 1954, the same year Wille received her master's degree. They had no children. Death

Wille died on July 23, 2019 in Chicago after suffering a severe stroke.References

1931 births
2019 deaths
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American women writers
American people of German descent
American women journalists
Chicago Daily News people
Chicago Sun-Times people
Chicago Tribune people
Deaths from cerebrovascular disease
Pulitzer Prize winners for journalism
Journalists from Illinois
Medill School of Journalism alumni
Northwestern University alumni
Writers from Chicago
21st-century American women

masks:
Lois Jean Wille
Wille
Lois Wille
Lois


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<mask>na <mask> (, ; born 22 May 1986) is a Ukrainian-born Russian pair skater. With Maxim Trankov, she is the two-time 2014 Olympic champion in the pairs and in team events, the 2013 World champion, a four-time (2012, 2013, 2014 and 2016) European champion, the 2012 Grand Prix Final champion, and a three-time (2011, 2013 and 2016) Russian national champion. They have also won six events on the Grand Prix series. <mask> competed for Ukraine with Petr Kharchenko in 2000–04 and with Stanislav Morozov in 2004–10. She and Morozov are four-time Ukrainian national champions (2005, 2007, 2008 and 2010) and finished as high as fourth at the World Championships. In December 2010 she was granted expedited Russian citizenship, as both her parents are Russian. <mask> and Trankov are the historic World record holders for the short program, before the scoring change in the 2018–19 season.They are the first figure skaters to win two gold medals at the same Olympics, having taken gold in pairs and in the inaugural team event. Early years
Volosozhar began skating at the age of four. The instructors at her skating class were initially dismissive, saying she was overweight, but gave her three months and eventually agreed to keep her. At age 14, she switched from singles to pairs, to her father's dismay. As a junior, Volosozhar skated for four years with Petr Kharchenko. They trained in Dnipropetrovsk in very poor conditions until they were able to move to Kyiv in 2003; Volosozhar was accompanied by her mother. Their coach in Kyiv was Galina Kukhar.The pair won several medals on the Junior Grand Prix circuit and were the Ukrainian national champions in 2004. That same season, they finished fifth at Junior Worlds and 14th at senior Worlds. They split at the end of the 2003–04 season. Partnership with Morozov

<mask> and Stanislav Morozov teamed up prior to the 2004–05 season and were coached by Galina Kukhar. In their first season together, they were silver medalists at the Winter Universiade and finished fifth at the European Championships. <mask>/Morozov began the 2005–06 season with a win at the 2005 Karl Schäfer Memorial and placed 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics. In 2006–07, the pair finished fifth again at the European Championships and fourth at the World Championships.During the 2007–08 season, Volosozhar/Morozov came close to winning a medal at the European Championships but placed ninth at the World Championships. At the end of the season, the pair changed coaches and began working with Ingo Steuer in Chemnitz, Germany. Conditions in Ukraine had steadily deteriorated until there was only one good rink, although Morozov said reaching it was not simple, "You can't get to the entrance; you need to jump over holes, it's like a precipice." After moving to train in Chemnitz, they won their first Grand Prix medals—silver at the 2008 Cup of China and bronze at the 2008 Cup of Russia—and qualified for the 2008–09 Grand Prix Final, where they placed fourth. They also placed fourth at the 2009 European Championships and were sixth at the 2009 World Championships. In the 2009–10 season, Volosozhar/Morozov won a bronze medal at the 2009 Cup of China and silver at the 2009 Skate America. They again placed fourth at the European Championships and then came in eighth at the 2010 Winter Olympics.Morozov retired from competition before the 2010 World Championships. The pair performed in shows together in the spring of 2010. Partnership with Trankov

Beginnings
Volosozhar decided to continue her competitive career. In March 2010, rumors emerged that she might team up with Maxim Trankov. Trankov later said that he had been interested in skating with Volosozhar since 2006. The head of the Ukrainian trainers' council admitted there were no partners for her in the country who could compete at a high level, and on 14 May 2010, it was reported that Ukraine would not interfere with her decision to compete for Russia. Russian coach Ludmila Velikova confirmed that Russia had attempted years earlier to persuade Volosozhar to skate under its colors, however, the Ukrainian skating federation believed she would be successful with Stanislav Morozov.Volosozhar left her previous training base in Germany to train in Moscow, beginning training with Trankov the week of 17 May. They are coached by Nina Mozer. Stanislav Morozov is their assistant coach, helping them with their elements. Igor Tchinaev was their short program choreographer, with Nikolai Morozov choreographing the long program. Nikolai Morozov also worked with them on their stroking to reduce energy loss. The pair had some differences in technique—<mask> had to change pace on the entry to the twist as well as adapt to a different hold during throw jumps, while Trankov had to adjust his jumps to match his new partner. 2010–2011 season
Volosozhar/Trankov initially performed in domestic Russian cup events and other tests.In late December 2010, they won gold at the 2011 Russian Championships, defeating Yuko Kavaguti / Alexander Smirnov, the reigning national champions and World bronze medalists. Per ISU regulations, <mask> was barred from international competition for one year from her last event representing Ukraine, the 2010 Winter Olympics. As a result, the pair missed much of the 2010–11 season, including the Grand Prix series and the European Championships. She became eligible for international competition on 16 February 2011, in time for the Mont Blanc Trophy, where the pair competed in order to meet the ISU's minimum technical score requirements for the World Championships. They did so easily and won the event by a sizable margin. The pair decided to fly in early for the World Championships and landed in Tokyo three hours before the earthquake. The event was rescheduled and moved to Moscow.At the 2011 World Championships, <mask>/Trankov placed third in the short program, second in the free skate, and won the silver medal behind 2009 champions Aliona Savchenko / Robin Szolkowy and ahead of the defending champions, Qing Pang / Jian Tong. It was the first World medal for both partners. The pair are one of few in modern times to reach the World podium in their first season together and in their first appearance at a major international event. Media coverage of the event noted their fast development and their potential for the future. <mask> said, "We didn't even think about the silver medal (before Worlds). We thought, maybe we can get the bronze. The result was completely unexpected for us.The most impressive moment of the championships was how enthusiastic the spectators were even before our short program, and I'll never forget how they gave us a standing ovation after the free program." 2011–2012 season

During the off-season, Volosozhar/Trankov performed in shows and prepared for the new season in Novogorsk, as well as a few weeks in New Jersey. In the summer, Trankov sustained a shoulder injury while skating on unsharpened blades since no one with the expertise was available at the time; As a result, they stopped working on lifts for a while. Volosozhar/Trankov began the 2011–12 season with wins at their two September competitions, the 2011 Nebelhorn Trophy and the 2011 Ondrej Nepela Memorial. Trankov partly tore a groin tendon at the Nepela Memorial. On the Grand Prix series, the pair won Skate Canada with a combined score of 201.38 points and then won the 2011 Trophée Eric Bompard to qualify for the Grand Prix Final. Trankov's inguinal rings (groin) injury caused them to change a pair spin at the Grand Prix Final.Volosozhar/Trankov were the leaders after the short program but placed second to Savchenko/Szolkowy in the free skate and were awarded the silver medal — only 0.18 of a point separating the two teams at the end of the competition. At the post-event press conference, they said they would miss Russian Nationals in order to recover fully from their injuries. At the 2012 European Championships, Volosozhar/Trankov placed first in both programs and won their first European title. They were eighth in the short program at the 2012 World Championships in Nice, France, after both fell on a death spiral. Trankov commented on the ice quality, saying "It is soft in some places, brittle in others. I guess it is ok if you skate right after ice resurfacing, but if you are the last one to skate in the second group, it is quite another story." Volosozhar/Trankov rebounded to place first in the free skate with a new personal best score of 140.90 in the segment.With a total score 0.11 points less than Savchenko/Szolkowy, they won their second World silver medal and received a small gold medal for the free skate. 2012–2013 season

In preparation for the 2012–13 season, the pair spent nearly three months in the U.S. in the summer of 2012 and then spent some time training in Italy. <mask>/Trankov won both of their Grand Prix assignments, the 2012 Skate America and the 2012 Cup of Russia, and qualified for the 2012–13 Grand Prix Final in Sochi, Russia. At the Final, they were first in the short program, second in the long program, and won the gold medal ahead of Russian teammates Vera Bazarova / Yuri Larionov. Volosozhar/Trankov then won their second national title, at the 2013 Russian Championships. Trankov's father died of a sudden heart attack on 20 January 2013, a few days before the 2013 European Championships; an official confirmed the pair would compete at the event. They placed first in both programs and won the gold medal with a total score of 212.45—more than seven points ahead of silver medalists Aliona Savchenko / Robin Szolkowy.At the post-event press conference, <mask> said, "It is difficult to raise the mood at this time, but I am glad we made the decision to compete here." <mask>/Trankov spent some time training in West Orange, New Jersey just prior to the 2013 World Championships in London, Ontario. In March, the pair won their first World title, placing first in both programs and finishing 20.15 points overall ahead of Savchenko/Szolkowy. They set a new pairs' world record in the free skate and combined score (225.71 points) and became Russia's first pairs gold medalists since 2005 when Totmianina/Marinin won the World title. At their first team event, the 2013 World Team Trophy, <mask>/Trankov placed first in pairs and Team Russia finished fourth overall. 2013–2014 season
<mask>/Trankov trained in Moscow, Sochi, West Orange, New Jersey, and Italy in preparation for the 2013–14 season and planned to perform in a reduced number of shows. The pair started their season with gold at the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy, breaking their own world record scores and scoring a total of 231.96 points.They also won gold at their two Grand Prix events, the 2013 Skate America and 2013 NHK Trophy. At Skate America, <mask>/Trankov broke their world records again—posting scores of 83.05 (SP), 154.66 (FS), and 237.71 (total)—while at the NHK Trophy they obtained a total of 236.49 points. Having qualified for their third Grand Prix Final, they were second to Savchenko/Szolkowy in Fukuoka, Japan, and then took the gold medal at the 2014 European Championships in Budapest, Hungary. <mask>/Trankov were sent to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and assigned to the short program in the inaugural team event. The pair placed first in their segment and Team Russia went on to win the gold medal. Volosozhar/Trankov broke their world record again in the pairs skate, posting a score of 84.17 to come in first in the short program and placed first in the free skate with an overall score of 236.86 points, winning the gold medal by more than 18.18 points from silver medalists, teammates Ksenia Stolbova and Fedor Klimov. <mask>/Trankov received the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 4th class with Russian President Vladimir Putin handing the state awards.2014–2015 season
For the 2014–2015 Grand Prix season, <mask> and Trankov were assigned to Skate America and Rostelecom Cup. However, the pair ultimately decided to withdraw due to Trankov's shoulder injury that will require a surgery. They decided to sit out the whole season for Trankov's surgery rehabilitation. 2015–2016 season
For the 2015–2016 Grand Prix season, after sitting out the previous season, <mask> and Trankov returned to competition at the 2015 Nebelhorn Trophy where they won the gold medal with a score of 202.79 points. They were assigned to the 2015 Trophée Éric Bompard and the 2015 NHK Trophy as their Grand Prix events. <mask> and Trankov were first in the short program at the Trophee Eric Bompard, a result that became final after the second day of the competition was cancelled in the wake of the November 2015 Paris attacks. They withdrew from the NHK Trophy after she suffered an injury in practice.Recovering from her injury, <mask> and Trankov decided to compete at the 2016 Russian Championships scheduled on December 24–27 in Ekaterinburg, Russia. They placed first in both the short program and free skate to win their third national title. On January 27–31, <mask> and Trankov competed at the 2016 European Championships in Bratislava, Slovakia,
took their fourth European title with a total of 222.66 points, outclassing the second-place finishers, Germans Aliona Savchenko and her new pairs partner Bruno Massot, by more than 22 points. 2016–2017 season
<mask> and Trankov decided to skip the season, and announced they were expecting a baby. Personal life
<mask> was born in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR, to parents of Russian origin — her mother was born in Kaliningrad and her father in Nizhny Tagil. Her father is in the army and she also has a sister. Her first language is Russian and she also understands Ukrainian very well, although she does not speak it perfectly.Volosozhar was eligible for expedited Russian citizenship, which she received in December 2010. Volosozhar also communicates in English. In February 2015, it was publicly announced that she and her skating partner, Maxim Trankov became engaged. They got married on 18 August 2015. On 23 September 2016, Volosozhar confirmed that she and Trankov were expecting their first child, a daughter, due February 2017. On 16 February 2017, <mask> gave birth to their daughter, Angelica Maximovna <mask>-Trankova. On 27 January 2021, Volosozhar confirmed that she and Trankov were expecting their second child, a son, due end of May/early June 2021.On 27 May 2021, <mask> gave birth to their son, Theodore Maximovich. Records and achievements
 First pair skaters in history to win both the Olympics gold medal in pairs and in the inaugural team event. First pair skaters to break the 220 mark in the overall score, achieved at the 2013 World Championships (225.71). First pair skaters to break the 230 mark in the overall score, achieved at the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy (231.96). First pair skaters to break the 80 mark in the short program, achieved at the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy (81.65). First pair skaters to break the 150 mark in the free skate, achieved at the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy (150.31). Former world record holder for the pairs' combined total score, achieved at the 2013 Skate America (237.71) and held the record to 22 March 2018.Current world record holder for the pairs' short program score, achieved at the 2014 Winter Olympics (84.17). Former world record holder for the pairs' free skating score, achieved at the 2013 Skate America (154.66) and held the record to 11 November 2017. List of world record scores set by Volosozhar/Trankov

Programs

With Trankov

With Morozov

With Kharchenko

Competitive highlights

With Trankov for Russia

With Morozov for Ukraine

With Kharchenko for Ukraine

Detailed results
(Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships — Worlds, Europeans, and Junior Worlds. At team events, medals awarded for team results only.) With Trankov

References

External links

 Official blog (Russian)

 <mask> and Maxim Trankov: The ideal pair (English)

Ukrainian female pair skaters
Russian female pair skaters
Olympic figure skaters of Ukraine
Olympic figure skaters of Russia
Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2007 Winter Universiade
1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Dnipro
Medalists at the 2007 Winter Universiade
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in figure skating
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Season-end world number one figure skaters
Season's world number one figure skaters
Naturalised citizens of Russia
Ukrainian emigrants to Russia
Universiade medalists in figure skating
Universiade silver medalists for Ukraine
Russian people of Ukrainian descent

masks:
Tatiana Andreyеv
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Volosozhar
Tatiana
Volosozhar
Tatiana
Tatiana Volosozhar


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<mask> (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish author, best known today for his 1897 Gothic horror novel Dracula. During his lifetime, he was better known as the personal assistant of actor Sir Henry Irving and business manager of the Lyceum Theatre, which Irving owned. Early life
Stoker was born on 8 November 1847 at 15 Marino Crescent, Clontarf, on the northside of Dublin, Ireland. The park adjacent to the house is now known as Bram Stoker Park. His parents were <mask> (1799–1876) from Dublin and Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley (1818–1901), who was raised in County Sligo. Stoker was the third of seven children, the eldest of whom was <mask>, 1st Bt. Abraham and Charlotte were members of the Church of Ireland Parish of Clontarf and attended the parish church with their children, who were baptised there.Abraham was a senior civil servant. Stoker was bedridden with an unknown illness until he started school at the age of seven, when he made a complete recovery. Of this time, Stoker wrote, "I was naturally thoughtful, and the leisure of long illness gave opportunity for many thoughts which were fruitful according to their kind in later years." He was educated in a private school run by the Reverend (William Woods). After his recovery, he grew up without further serious illnesses, even excelling as an athlete at Trinity College, Dublin, which he attended from 1864 to 1870. He graduated with a BA in 1870, and pursued his MA in 1875. Though he later in life recalled graduating "with honours in mathematics", this appears to have been a mistake.He was named University Athlete, participating in multiple sports, including playing rugby for Dublin University. He was auditor of the College Historical Society (the Hist) and president of the University Philosophical Society (he remains the only student in Trinity's history to hold both positions), where his first paper was on Sensationalism in Fiction and Society. Early career
Stoker became interested in the theatre while a student through his friend Dr. Maunsell. While working for the Irish Civil Service, he became the theatre critic for the Dublin Evening Mail, which was co-owned by Sheridan Le Fanu, an author of Gothic tales. Theatre critics were held in low esteem, but he attracted notice by the quality of his reviews. In December 1876, he gave a favourable review of Henry Irving's Hamlet at the Theatre Royal in Dublin. Irving invited Stoker for dinner at the Shelbourne Hotel where he was staying, and they became friends.Stoker also wrote stories, and "Crystal Cup" was published by the London Society in 1872, followed by "The Chain of Destiny" in four parts in The Shamrock. In 1876, while a civil servant in Dublin, Stoker wrote the non-fiction book The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland (published 1879) which remained a standard work. Furthermore, he possessed an interest in art, and was a founder of the Dublin Sketching Club in 1879. Lyceum Theatre

In 1878, Stoker married Florence Balcombe, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel James Balcombe of 1 Marino Crescent. She was a celebrated beauty whose former suitor had been Oscar Wilde. Stoker had known Wilde from his student days, having proposed him for membership of the university's Philosophical Society while he was president. Wilde was upset at Florence's decision, but Stoker later resumed the acquaintanceship, and, after Wilde's fall, visited him on the Continent.The Stokers moved to London, where Stoker became acting manager and then business manager of Irving's Lyceum Theatre, London, a post he held for 27 years. On 31 December 1879, <mask> and Florence's only child was born, a son whom they christened Irving Noel Thornley Stoker. The collaboration with Henry Irving was important for Stoker and through him he became involved in London's high society, where he met James Abbott McNeill Whistler and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (to whom he was distantly related). Working for Irving, the most famous actor of his time, and managing one of the most successful theatres in London made Stoker a notable if busy man. He was dedicated to Irving and his memoirs show he idolised him. In London, Stoker also met Hall Caine, who became one of his closest friends – he dedicated Dracula to him. In the course of Irving's tours, Stoker travelled the world, although he never visited Eastern Europe, a setting for his most famous novel.Stoker enjoyed the United States, where Irving was popular. With Irving he was invited twice to the White House, and knew William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Stoker set two of his novels in America, and used Americans as characters, the most notable being Quincey Morris. He also met one of his literary idols, Walt Whitman. <mask>r in Cruden Bay

Stoker was a regular visitor to Cruden Bay in Scotland between 1893 and 1910. His month-long holidays to the Aberdeenshire coastal village provided a large portion of available time for writing his books. Two novels were set in Cruden Bay: The Watter's Mou' (1895) and The Mystery of the Sea (1902).He started writing Dracula there in 1895 while in residence at the Kilmarnock Arms Hotel. The guest book with his signatures from 1894 and 1895 still survives. The nearby Slains Castle (also known as New Slains Castle) is linked with <mask> and plausibly provided the visual palette for the descriptions of Castle Dracula during the writing phase. A distinctive room in Slains Castle,  the octagonal hall, matches the description of the octagonal room in Castle Dracula. Writings

Stoker visited the English coastal town of Whitby in 1890, and that visit was said to be part of the inspiration for Dracula. He began writing novels while working as manager for Irving and secretary and director of London's Lyceum Theatre, beginning with The Snake's Pass in 1890 and Dracula in 1897. During this period, Stoker was part of the literary staff of The Daily Telegraph in London, and he wrote other fiction, including the horror novels The Lady of the Shroud (1909) and The Lair of the White Worm (1911).He published his Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving in 1906, after Irving's death, which proved successful, and managed productions at the Prince of Wales Theatre. Before writing Dracula, Stoker met Ármin Vámbéry, a Hungarian-Jewish writer and traveller (born in Szent-György, Kingdom of Hungary  now Svätý Jur, Slovakia). Dracula likely emerged from Vámbéry's dark stories of the Carpathian mountains. However this claim has been challenged by many including Elizabeth Miller, a professor who, since 1990, has had as her major field of research and writing Dracula, and its author, sources, and influences. She has stated, “The only comment about the subject matter of the talk was that Vambery 'spoke loudly against Russian aggression.'" There had been nothing in their conversations about the "tales of the terrible Dracula" that are supposed to have "inspired Stoker to equate his vampire-protagonist with the long-dead tyrant." At any rate, by this time, Stoker's novel was well underway, and he was already using the name Dracula for his vampire.Stoker then spent several years researching Central and East European folklore and mythological stories of vampires. The 1972 book In Search of Dracula by Radu Florescu and Raymond McNally claimed that the Count in Stoker's novel was based on Vlad III Dracula. However, according to Elizabeth Miller, Stoker borrowed only the name and "scraps of miscellaneous information" about Romanian history; further, there are no comments about Vlad III in the author's working notes. Dracula is an epistolary novel, written as a collection of realistic but completely fictional diary entries, telegrams, letters, ship's logs, and newspaper clippings, all of which added a level of detailed realism to the story, a skill which Stoker had developed as a newspaper writer. At the time of its publication, Dracula was considered a "straightforward horror novel" based on imaginary creations of supernatural life. "It gave form to a universal fantasy ... and became a part of popular culture." Stoker was a deeply private man, but his almost sexless marriage, his admiration of Walt Whitman, Henry Irving, Hall Caine, and Oscar Wilde, as well as the perceived homoerotic aspects of Dracula, have led to scholarly speculation that he was a repressed homosexual who used his fiction as an outlet for his sexual frustrations.In 1912, he demanded imprisonment of all homosexual authors in Britain: it has been suggested that this was to disguise his own vulnerability. According to the Encyclopedia of World Biography, Stoker's stories are today included in the categories of horror fiction, romanticized Gothic stories, and melodrama. They are classified alongside other works of popular fiction, such as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, which also used the myth-making and story-telling method of having multiple narrators telling the same tale from different perspectives. According to historian Jules Zanger, this leads the reader to the assumption that "they can't all be lying". The original 541-page typescript of Dracula was believed to have been lost until it was found in a barn in northwestern Pennsylvania in the early 1980s. It consisted of typed sheets with many emendations, and handwritten on the title page was "THE UN-DEAD." The author's name was shown at the bottom as <mask>.Author Robert Latham remarked: "the most famous horror novel ever published, its title changed at the last minute." The typescript was purchased by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. Stoker's inspirations for the story, in addition to Whitby, may have included a visit to Slains Castle in Aberdeenshire, a visit to the crypts of St. Michan's Church in Dublin, and the novella Carmilla by Sheridan Le Fanu. Stoker's original research notes for the novel are kept by the Rosenbach Museum and Library in Philadelphia. A facsimile edition of the notes was created by Elizabeth Miller and Robert Eighteen-Bisang in 1998. Stoker at The London Library
Stoker was a member of The London Library and it is here that he conducted much of the research for Dracula. In 2018, the Library discovered some of the books that Stoker used for his research, complete with notes and marginalia.Death

After suffering a number of strokes, Stoker died at No. 26 St George's Square, London on 20 April 1912. Some biographers attribute the cause of death to overwork, others to tertiary syphilis. His death certificate named the cause of death as "Locomotor ataxia 6 months", presumed to be a reference to syphilis. He was cremated, and his ashes were placed in a display urn at Golders Green Crematorium in north London. The ashes of Irving Noel <mask>, the author's son, were added to his father's urn following his death in 1961. The original plan had been to keep his parents' ashes together, but after <mask>'s death, her ashes were scattered at the Gardens of Rest.Beliefs and philosophy
Stoker was raised a Protestant in the Church of Ireland. He was a strong supporter of the Liberal Party and took a keen interest in Irish affairs. As a "philosophical home ruler", he supported Home Rule for Ireland brought about by peaceful means. He remained an ardent monarchist who believed that Ireland should remain within the British Empire, an entity that he saw as a force for good. He was an admirer of Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone, whom he knew personally, and supported his plans for Ireland. Stoker believed in progress and took a keen interest in science and science-based medicine. Some of Stoker's novels represent early examples of science fiction, such as The Lady of the Shroud (1909).He had a writer's interest in the occult, notably mesmerism, but despised fraud and believed in the superiority of the scientific method over superstition. Stoker counted among his friends J.W. Brodie-Innis, a member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and hired member Pamela Colman Smith as an artist for the Lyceum Theatre, but no evidence suggests that Stoker ever joined the Order himself. Although Irving was an active Freemason, no evidence has been found of Stoker taking part in Masonic activities in London. The Grand Lodge of Ireland also has no record of his membership. Posthumous
The short story collection Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories was published in 1914 by Stoker's widow, <mask>, who was also his literary executrix. The first film adaptation of Dracula was F. W. Murnau's Nosferatu, released in 1922, with Max Schreck starring as Count Orlok.<mask> eventually sued the filmmakers, and was represented by the attorneys of the British Incorporated Society of Authors. Her chief legal complaint was that she had neither been asked for permission for the adaptation nor paid any royalty. The case dragged on for some years, with Mrs. Stoker demanding the destruction of the negative and all prints of the film. The suit was finally resolved in the widow's favour in July 1925. A single print of the film survived, however, and it has become well known. The first authorised film version of Dracula did not come about until almost a decade later when Universal Studios released Tod Browning's Dracula starring Bela Lugosi. Dacre Stoker
Canadian writer Dacre <mask>, a great-grandnephew of <mask>, decided to write "a sequel that bore the Stoker name" to "reestablish creative control over" the original novel, with encouragement from screenwriter Ian Holt, because of the Stokers' frustrating history with Dracula's copyright.In 2009, Dracula: The Un-Dead was released, written by Dacre <mask> and Ian Holt. Both writers "based [their work] on <mask>'s own handwritten notes for characters and plot threads excised from the original edition" along with their own research for the sequel. This also marked Dacre <mask>'s writing debut. In spring 2012, Dacre <mask> (in collaboration with Elizabeth Miller) presented the "lost" Dublin Journal written by <mask>, which had been kept by his great-grandson Noel Dobbs. Stoker's diary entries shed a light on the issues that concerned him before his London years. A remark about a boy who caught flies in a bottle might be a clue for the later development of the Renfield character in Dracula. Commemorations
On 8 November 2012, Stoker was honoured with a Google Doodle on Google's homepage commemorating the 165th anniversary of his birth.An annual festival takes place in Dublin, the birthplace of <mask>r, in honour of his literary achievements. The 2014 Bram Stoker Festival encompassed literary, film, family, street, and outdoor events, and ran from October 24 to 27 in Dublin. The festival is supported by the Bram Stoker Estate and funded by Dublin City Council and Fáilte Ireland. Jefferson, NC & London: McFarland. Articles
 "Recollections of the Late W. G. Wills", The Graphic, 19 December 1891
 "The Art of Ellen Terry", The Playgoer, October 1901
"The Question of a National Theatre", The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. LXIII, January/June 1908
"Mr. De Morgan's Habits of Work", The World's Work, Vol. XVI, May/October 1908
"The Censorship of Fiction", The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol.LXIV, July/December 1908
"The Censorship of Stage Plays", The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. LXVI, July/December 1909
"Irving and Stage Lightning", The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. LXIX, January/June 1911

Critical works on Stoker
William Hughes, Beyond Dracula: <mask>'s Fiction and Its Cultural Context (Palgrave, 2000)
Belford, Barbara. <mask>: A Biography of the Author of Dracula. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1996. Hopkins, Lisa. <mask>r: A Literary Life.Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Murray, Paul. From the Shadow of Dracula: A Life of <mask>r (London: Jonathan Cape, 2004)
Senf, Carol. Science and Social Science in <mask>r's Fiction (Greenwood, 2002). Senf, Carol. Dracula: Between Tradition and Modernism (Twayne, 1998). Senf, Carol A. <mask> (University of Wales Press, 2010).Shepherd, Mike. When Brave Men Shudder: the Scottish origins of Dracula (Wild Wolf Publishing, 2018). Skal, David J. Something in the Blood: The Untold Story of <mask>r (Liveright, 2016)

Bibliographies
William Hughes <mask>r – Victorian Fiction Research Guide

References

External links

h2g2 article on <mask>r

 Archival material at

Dracula
1847 births
1912 deaths
19th-century Irish male writers
20th-century Irish male writers
19th-century Irish novelists
20th-century Irish novelists
19th-century Irish short story writers
20th-century Irish short story writers
Auditors of the College Historical Society
Dublin University Football Club players
Irish horror writers
Irish male short story writers
Irish Anglicans
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
People from Clontarf, Dublin
Irish male novelists
Victorian novelists
Golders Green Crematorium
Irish fantasy writers
Writers of Gothic fiction
Ghost story writers
Irish theatre critics
The Daily Telegraph people

masks:
Abraham Stoker
Abraham Stoker
Sir Thornley Stoker
Bram
Bram Stoke
Bram Stoker
Bram Stoker
Stoker
Florence Stoker
Florence Stoker
Florence Stoker
Stoker
Bram Stoker
Stoker
Bram Stoker
Stoker
Stoker
Bram Stoker
Bram Stoke
Bram Stoker
Bram Stoker
Bram Stoke
Bram Stoke
Bram Stoke
Bram Stoker
Bram Stoke
Bram Stoke
Bram Stoke