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<mask> (July 2, 1942 – February 24, 1991) was a Chicago-based video artist and journalist. She was the founder of Videopolis, Chicago's first alternative video space, and worked with TVTV, a national video collective. She was one of the first of many new artists to use the portable camcorder as a tool for art making and radical journalism . Personal life
<mask> was born on July 2, 1942, in Riga, Latvia. The family left German-occupied Latvia during World War II before the second Soviet occupation, moving west until they eventually reached American-occupied Germany. Their home was a displaced persons camp in Hanau, near Frankfurt. In 1950, <mask> and her family emigrated to Hyannis, Massachusetts.Her mother was a dentist, and her father became a Certified Public Accountant (CPA). In 1956, the family moved from Boston to Chicago. <mask> <mask> was married to a successful Loop lawyer and the pair had three children; the marriage ended in divorce. Throughout Korsts career, her Latvian background instilled motives for the documentation and preservation of ethnic cultural experiences which were being integrated into American culture. Moreover, this shaped her ideology and her strong relationship with film as a medium. On February 24, 1991 <mask> died at the age of 48 in her Lincoln Park home. Career

<mask> began her career around the early 1970s as a journalist covering events and conventions.With the turn of the 1970s, she left her previous job with WBBM and began working with TVTV with other video pioneer and visionary Tom Weinberg. Chicago was the second video hub next to New York City which already had made cable available to all residents. Anda was one among many other artists of this decade experimenting in Chicago. The Sony Portipak was the technology that democratized the medium to a feasible and sensible tool. By 1973 Anda collected grants from the Art Council, North Lawndale Economic Development Corporation, and the Latvian Magazine. Korsts had raised enough funds to produce a video collective named Videopolis. Videopolis
Videopolis is considered to be Chicago's first comprehensive video project, giving information to the public about videos.Her partners included Lilly Ollinger and Jack McFadden. They trained students how to use video equipment and how to make their videos an essential part to their programs. They also tried to provide as much equipment as they could obtain, for the purpose of allowing the public to use the equipment. Over the years, Videopolis focused on some topics that would cover important stories and uses of video. In 1972, the group decided to focus on experimentation with five uses of tape:

 Education
 Community organization
 Arts documentation
 Historical documentation
 Archiving

Another one of their activities consisted of promoting the importance of women in video and film. They created a program called, Women Doing Video and would collect video pieces by women and submit them to film festivals. Corporate sponsorship came about and the program was soon changed to Women's Video Festival.Most of their projects dealt with the issues related to women's rights. These tapes would show stories of women who had gotten illegal abortions, a national lesbian conference, the making of a centerfold, the Miss California pageant, chronicling a childbirth, etc. Videopolis also documented the Chicago Imagists, a school of artists. This project was funded by the Illinois Arts Council. With their handheld cameras and portable video technology, the crew was able to film in the artists' studios instead of a television studio. The Chicago Imagists were interviewed for their artwork by the crew. Videopolis closed after Korsts started working on a series, It's a Living, which was picked up by the Public Broadcasting System.Gundega <mask>, <mask>'s sister, noted that she closed Videopolis because: "She went to Disneyland and saw everyone with a TV camera, and she said, 'It's time to move on to something else.'" It's a Living
While working on the series, <mask> stated that, "I would like to take TV out of its slick-chrome studio and into people's lives, make it less elitist, more democratic." It's a Living, revolved around the lives and daily routines of people in working-class America. The series consisted of six hour long programs that aired on Public Broadcasting Television on Channel 11 (WTTV) in the late 1970s. The idea for the project was based on Studs Terkel's oral history book, Working. The interviews are all with personalities around Chicago that make up of average working class citizens of the mid 1970s. The series changed television by putting the garbage man, truck driver, or factory workers face, "on screen as well as in front of the tube".Each segment contained a different individual person. The work allowed for exposure of unexplored ideologies to the public, in an un-censored and unbiassed way. The work additionally functioned as an archive of the simultaneously existing working-class ideologies of It's a Living's context. TVTV
TVTV, also known as Top Value Television, was video collective that lasted from 1972 to 1977. The group was founded by Allen Rucker, Michael Shamberg, Tom Weinberg, Hudson Marquez and Megan Williams. <mask> was a producer. In 1972, <mask> was part of the crew that took hand-held cameras to the Miami Democratic and Republican conventions.They recorded the behind-the-scenes politics which resulted in the documentaries Four More Years (1972) and The World's Largest TV Studio (1972). These documentaries were edited into a one-hour program that became the first independently produced program to air on US television at the time. Four More Years
In Four More Years, <mask> Korsts navigates the event as a journalist gathering different political perspectives and personalities. <mask> Korst, worked with TVTV and Antfarm video collective's team consisting of containing Wendy Appel, Skip Blumberg, Nancy Cain, Steve Christiansen, Michael Couzens, Bart Friedman, Chuck Kennedy, Chip Lord, Maureen Orth, Hudson Marquez, Martha Miller, T.L. Morey, Alan Rucker, Ira Schneider, Michael Shamberg, Jodi Silbert, Tom Weinberg and Megan Williams. Using the held Sony Portapak (portable video camera), Anda, TVTV's collective, and members of Antfarm captured documentation of the political convention's conversation's that undermined the perspective of broadcasting companies and slanted politics at campaign. The video was later separately put on public television within an interview conducted by Marty Robinson with both TVTVs <mask> Korsts and Tom Weinberg.This contained a few pieces from Four more Years . The clips highlight her conducting non-conventional interviews with the different supporters, protestors, and even broadcasting entities. The Portapak video technology made their success possible—allowing collective members to access sections at the event that were otherwise off limits to large production companies. The Artaud Project
<mask> Korsts was videographer and co-producer of The Artaud Project, a theater event by James Rinnert that involved one actor, J. Pat Miller as Artaud, interacting with video projected on five screens on stage to portray the life and artistic struggles of the influential theater artist Antonin Artaud. The Artaud Project was performed through January 1980 at the Victory Gardens Theater in Chicago, after <mask> and Rinnert had worked for more than a year to bring it to the stage. It was directed by Rinnert with additional scene direction by Dennis Zacek and Mac McGinnes. Scenic design by Mary Griswold, lighting by Geoffrey Bushor and image processing by Mark Fausner were essential elements of the show, which won a special Joseph Jefferson award for "Extraordinary Theater Production."Miller was also nominated for a Best Actor award by the Joseph Jefferson committee for his performance. Miller's stage performance, <mask>'s video work and the image processing used to help visually depict Artaud's mental illness and drug experiences, made the experimental production unique in Chicago's world-class theater. Filmography

References

External links

 Interview with <mask> <mask>, Latvian American filmmaker, Chicago, Illinois, part 1,  Part 2—discussion of Chicago's Latvian community in general and about <mask>'s views of the need for documentary video programs

1949 births
1991 deaths
Journalists from Illinois
Latvian emigrants to the United States
Latvian World War II refugees
People from Chicago
People from Hyannis, Massachusetts
20th-century American journalists

masks:
Anda Korsts
Anda Korsts
Anda
Anda
Korsts
Korsts
Anda
Korsts
Anda
Korsts
Korsts
Korsts
Anda
Anda
Anda
Anda
Korsts
Korsts
Anda
Korsts
Korsts


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<mask> (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham. Early life
<mask>, was free-born in Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia, on 1 December 1813. He was the eldest son of two convicts. His mother <mask> arrived in Sydney in 1812 from Middlesex, England (Convict – 7 years). His father <mask> of Lancashire, England, a Private of the Coldstream Guards. <mask> was registered with NSW Births, Deaths and Marriages Register with his father's family name 'Walton,' as were his brothers John (b. 27 August 1815) and Jesse (b.15 November 1817), however in life they used their mother's maiden name. <mask> was baptised on 13 May 1814 at St. John's Church, Parramatta. <mask>'s mother was incarcerated in the Parramatta Female Factory. She was involved with other convicts (<mask> and <mask>) in a scam to obtain money from forged receipts and was convicted and sentenced in June 1820, to 'Life' in Newcastle. She was transported to Newcastle, on the ship, 'Princess Charlotte', and arrived on 27 July 1820. She had a daughter Mary Ann (b. 10 May 1821) with a convict called John White (died Nov.1828).Elizabeth was granted permission to wed the District Constable, and ticket of leave man, John Butler Hewson, on 28 May 1828. Hewson became the foster father of the children, including <mask>, when they joined their mother in Newcastle. <mask> was educated at Christ Church School, Newcastle. On 12 March 1836, <mask> married Mary Ann Sophia (b. 1819, Sydney), second daughter of Edward Priest
(a former convict who arrived in Newcastle in 1817). <mask> and Mary had eleven children: Clarence Hewson, Stephena Mary, Emily Frances, Fanny Anne, <mask>, Mary Elizabeth, Florence Jane, Constance Myra, Arthur Hubert, <mask> (d. 1842), and John Henry (d. 1860). The area known as Smedmore, where the Hannell home was situated, became known as Maryville, in honour of Hannell's wife, Mary.The main street of Wickham is Hannell Street. <mask> was a Police Constable from 1833–1836. He became Newcastle's first licensed auctioneer in September 1839. He bought a licensed Public House called the 'Ship Inn' on the corner of Hunter and Bolton Street, Newcastle. <mask>'s brother, <mask>, became the licensee of the Wheat Sheaf Inn at Hexham, near Newcastle. He was a sportsman, and pilot of ships on the Hunter River. When the punt service was opened, around 1862, John was appointed to run it.Another of <mask>'s brothers, <mask>, became Signal Master and the first lighthouse keeper at [Nobby's] Lighthouse. In 1857, <mask> was gazetted as a Justice of the Peace and attended the Newcastle bench. <mask> was a churchwarden and trustee of Christ Church Cathedral. <mask> was involved in the incorporation of Newcastle and became its first mayor in 1859–62, serving again in 1868–69 and 1871. He was Mayor in 1868 when the Duke of Edinburgh visited on 5 March. In 1859–64, 1866–71 and 1873–76 he represented city ward in the Newcastle Council. <mask> became Mayor of Wickham when it became a Municipality in 1871.He served alongside Peter Fleming, Charles Thomas, <mask> Hubbard, Charles Upfold, and William Henry White. <mask> became Newcastle's Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. He represented the City Ward in 1860, and was re-elected in 1864. He contested and won the Northumberland vote and was returned to Parliament. Hannell organised concerts for the Newcastle Hospital, in which he took part as a comic singer. When the new hospital 'Wing' was completed it was named the 'Hannell Wing' in honour of <mask> and his son Clarence. <mask> was President and judge of the Newcastle Jockey Club.He organised the first regatta and was President of the Newcastle Regatta Committee for thirty years. He was President of the Newcastle Cricket Club. He helped establish the Newcastle Mechanics' School of Arts. In 1858 was a trustee of the Newcastle National School. In 1867 he became a member of the Board of the Newcastle Public School. Death
<mask> died from pneumonia, on 31 December 1876, and was interred at the burial ground of Christ Church Cathedral. His tombstone is still in the grounds, just outside the Warriors' Chapel.<mask> was survived by Mary and nine of their eleven children:
1) Clarence Hewson, b. 15 October 1836 (BDM V18361179 20/1836) – d. 3 April 1909 (BDM 2528/1909) – m. Maria Phoebe TIGHE,
2) Stephena Mary, b. 2 June 1838 (BDM V18381282 22/1838) – d. Sep. 1927 (BDM 12068/1927) – m. Henry ROUSE,
3) <mask>*, b. 30 June 1840 (BDM V18401483 24A/1840) – d. 3 December 1842 (BDM V18421155 26B/1842),
4) Emily Frances, b. 25 December 1841 (BDM V18411572 26A/1841) – d. 7 May 1906 (BDM 9634/1906) – m. Thomas Albert CLACK,
5) Fanny Anne, b. 27 January 1844 – d. 29 October 1910 (BDM 14480/1910) – m. Joseph WOOD,
6) <mask>, b. 15 November 1847 (BDM V18472158 32A/1847) – d. 2 March 1903 (BDM 2481/1903) – m. Jane Danson RUSH,
7) Mary Elizabeth, b.6 October 1850 (BDM V18502927 35/1850) – d. 30 April 1884 (Unsure) – m. Edwin Alfred MITCHELL,
8) Florence Jane, b. 9 December 1853 (BDM V18551671 42A/1855) – d. 16 June 1931 (BDM 8321/1931) – m. John Aloysius CRAVEN,
9) Constance Myra, b. 11 October 1857 (BDM 9291/1857) – d. 8 November 1928 (BDM 17776/1928) – m. Rev. William Jenton JAMES,
10) John Henry*, b. 28 August 1858 (BDM 10433/1859) – d. 19 April 1860 (BDM 4955/1860),
11) Arthur Hubert, b. 13 January 1862 (BDM 10868/1862) – d. 30 December 1938 (BDM 23685/1938) – m. Sarah Jane BRIGGS,

<mask>'s estate was valued at under £1000. Denotes infant death.Notes
Statistics from the NSW Birth Deaths and Marriages. References

External links
 For more information on the Roberto's Family Tree, see , by Bob Suker. Location of The Ship Inn:

Australian auctioneers
Lighthouse keepers
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
History of New South Wales
Convictism in Australia
1813 births
1876 deaths
People from Newcastle, New South Wales
19th-century Australian politicians
Mayors and Lord Mayors of Newcastle
19th-century Australian businesspeople

masks:
James Hannell
Hannell
Elizabeth Hannell
James Walton
Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
James Garland
James Stubbs
Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
James Edward
James Edward
Career Hannell
Hannell
John Hannell
Hannell
Jesse Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
James Harrison
Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
Hannell
James Edward
James Edward
James Hannell


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<mask> (Prestonsburg, Kentucky, January 23, 1883 – Washington, DC, June 24, 1973) was an American jurist who served as the first U.S. judge on the International Court of Justice, as President of the International Court of Justice, as the longest running Legal Adviser to the US Department of State (1925 -1946) and as a member of Secretary of State Cordell Hull's inner circle of advisers. <mask> was instrumental in the development of plans for the post World War II world order and was a key member of the U.S. delegation to the Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944). He served as a member of the Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy (1942), as a member of Post War Programs Committee (1944) and as Chairman of the Committee of Jurists that drafted the initial statutes for the International Court of Justice (1945). <mask> also represented the U.S. Delegation on Committee IV at the United Nations Conference on International Organization where the articles in the United Nations Charter pertaining to the International Court of Justice were finalized. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Prestonburg  Kentucky and his youth was spent in the area of the Big Sandy River. He received a B.A. degree from Valparaiso University, a Doctor of Law degree from the University of Kentucky and an L.L.B degree from George Washington University.In 1916, after completion of his legal studies, <mask> secured a job as a law clerk with the U.S. Department of State and in 1918 was promoted to Assistant Solicitor within the department. Although a Democrat, <mask> was chosen in 1925 by republican U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, for nomination by the President and subsequent approval by the Senate to become Solicitor of the Dept. of State. Legal Adviser to the U.S. Department of State

As the longest running Legal Adviser of the Department of State, <mask> was relied upon for legal advice by five successive U.S. Secretaries of States: Charles Evans Hughes, Frank B. Kellogg, Henry L. Stimson, Cordell Hull and Edward R. Stettinius. <mask> was noted for being a skilled legal draftsman concerning the area of treaty provisions and was a perforce in matters involving the U.S. and its foreign relations from the period of U.S. neutrality to the country's entry into World War II. He provided advice to the U.S. President, the U.S. Secretary of State, members of congress and other departments within the U.S. State Department.As Legal Adviser to the Department of State, <mask> represented the U.S Government before the International Joint Commission formed by the United States and Canada under the Boundary Waters treaty of 1909. He was a U.S. delegate in 1930 to the First Conference for the Codification of International Law, held at the Hague under the auspices of the League of Nations. <mask> participated in the 8th Conference of American States (1939) held in Lima, in the 8th Scientific Congress of American States (1940) and in the Inter - American Maritime Conference (1941). Following the outbreak of war in Europe,   <mask> served as Adviser to Secretary of State Hull at the 2nd Meeting of foreign Ministers of the American Republics (1941) held in Havana. World War Two

On Sunday Dec. 7 <mask> was in conclave with Secretary of State Hull at the state department prior to the scheduled meeting with Japanese ambassadors Kichisaburo Nomura and Saburo Kurusu when President Roosevelt called at 1:30PM and informed Hull of the attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor. Hull consulted with <mask> and Josheph Ballentine, a state department expert on the Far East, on whether or not to see the waiting Japanese diplomats. After seeing and then dismissing the diplomats, Hull met with President Roosevelt and then later again with <mask> where the two discussed drafting a proclamation of war between Japan and the United States.As the war progressed, <mask> advised Secretary Hull, President Roosevelt, Judge Samuel Rosenman, and numerous agencies within the government. His role was to consider past legal developments in the laws of war, the laws of neutrality, laws of belligerency and the effect of these laws on the U.S. and other countries. In 1943, <mask> served as an adviser to Secretary of State Hull at the Moscow Conference and in 1945 he served as Adviser to Secretary of State Edward Stettinius at the Conference of American States on Problems of War and Peace held in Mexico City. Post War Planning

In Feb. of 1942, Secretary of State Cordell Hull organized the Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy which was followed by the Special Subcommittee on International Organization of which <mask> was an integral part. The subcommittee prepared draft proposals that clarified the U.S. State Dept. 's vague views on a postwar organization. In over 40 meetings in 1943, the Special Subcommittee on International Organization made intensive studies of key issues upon which any plans for a future world organization would have to depend.In March 1943, Hull formed the Political Agenda Group which was composed of <mask>, Edward R. Stettinius and other members of Hull's inner circle. This organization championed a global organization as opposed to Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles' vision of a regional post war system. In December 1943, this group prepared and delivered to President Roosevelt a detailed post war plan that became the founding framework of the United Nations. After President Roosevelt approved outline of the plan, Hull created The Policy Committee and the Post War Programs Committee, composed of <mask> and other close advisers from the previously established Informal Agenda Group, to implement the vision of a United Nations. Dumbarton Oaks Conference

Prior to the Dumbarton Oaks conference,  the U.S. State Dept. originated the American Planning Group for preparation. This group was divided into three sections and each section was responsible for a different topic that was to be addressed at Dumbarton Oaks.<mask> headed the second group charged with studying arrangements for the peaceful settlements of international disputes and the development of a World Court. At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, <mask> chaired a special Legal Subcommittee that was established to deal with the issue of a World Court. The subcommittee used as a base the American draft statute that <mask>'s section had developed prior to the conference. The subcommittee first dealt with the technically complex issue of whether or not the present court should be continued or a new court established and also what the relationship should be of the new court with the new international organization. <mask> championed the American's view that retaining as much of the existing court statutes as possible. However, the Soviets strongly opposed the continuing membership of certain neutral states in the World Court and favored a new tribunal. This dispute and others over the World Court were settled at the general U.N. Conference at San Francisco where <mask> represented the U.S. on Committee IV, which was tasked with finalizing statutes for the International Court of Justice.International Court of Justice

<mask> was nominated by three former U.S. Secretaries of State for an initial six-year term on the Court and was subsequently elected to a full nine-year term in 1951. In 1955 he succeeded Sir Arnold McNair of Great Britain for a three-year term as President of the International Court of Justice. During his tenure on the Court, <mask> adjudicated seventeen contentious cases and was asked to give eleven advisory opinions. Due to <mask>'s experience as a legal draftsman, the task of consolidating views of Court members was frequently assigned to him. Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations

In the case  Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, <mask> disagreed with the Court in its interpretation of the implied powers doctrine and in his dissent maintained that, "powers not expressed cannot freely be implied. Implied powers flow from a grant of express powers, and are limited by those that are "necessary" to the exercise of powers expressly granted."He disagreed with the majority in that he felt that the majority used an unduly wide version of the implied powers doctrine by relating the power to be implied not to an express provision but rather to the functions and objectives of the organization concerned. International Court of Justice rulings

Positions

1916 - Law Clerk, U.S. Department of State
1918 - Assistant Solicitor, U.S. Department of State
1925 - Solicitor of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State,
1931 - Legal Adviser of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State
1930 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference on the Codification of International Law
1939 - Adviser to U.S. Secretary of State, Meeting of Foreign Ministers of the American Republics
1940 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference of American States
1943 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Moscow Conference
1944 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Dumbarton Oaks Conference
1945 - Chairman, Committee of Jurists for Drafting Statutes of the International Court of Justice
1945 - Adviser to US. Delegation, San Francisco Conference on International Organization of the United Nations
1946 - U.S. Judge, International Court of Justice

Associations
Council on Foreign Relations
District of Columbia Bar
U.S. Supreme Court Bar
Permanent Court of Arbitration
American Society of International Law

Publications
"Digest of International Law" 1940-1944 (eight volumes)

See also
Marjorie M. Whiteman

References

Further reading
Cox, Graham 2019 Seeking Justice for the Holocaust: Herbert C. Pell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Limits of International Law University of Oklahoma Press. Pomerance, Michla 1996  The United States and the World Court As a 'Supreme Court of the Nations''' Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Simpson, Christopher 1995  The Splendid Blond Beast: Money, Law, and Genocide in the Twentieth Century'', Common Courage Press .American legal writers
International law scholars
1883 births
1973 deaths
Valparaiso University alumni
Presidents of the International Court of Justice
American judges of United Nations courts and tribunals
20th-century American judges

masks:
Green Haywood Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Green Haywood Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth
Hackworth


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<mask> (24 March 1930–18 December 2005) was a French painter, etcher and lithographer, illustrator and scenographer. Active for five decades, much of his work was architectural in style. Biography

Born in Paris in 1930, after high school <mask> attended the Académie Julian where he studied under Jules Cavaillès. On leaving the Académie he was recruited by Cassandre to work in his studio. <mask>'s first known professional work was in the mid 1950s. From 1960 he explored a different artistic theme each year, exhibiting virtually continuously each year successively until the early 1990s at the Galerie Charpentier, the Galerie Roger Dulac, the Galerie Emmanuel David and the Galerie Proscenium. At the same time, he collaborated with the magazine Planète as a draftsman, and illustrated the covers or the text of books including the works of Shakespeare (including the series New Penguin Shakespeare), Goethe, Rimbaud, Kafka, etc.In the early 1960s, dramatist Jean Anouilh introduced Clayette to the stage actor and director Jean Le Poulain as "A painter of the waking dream". For Planète he illustrated the poems of Victor Hugo; he also illustrated the works of H. P. Lovecraft and Jorge Luis Borges in the Fantasy Realism style. However, like many artists who at one point in their career were associated with the movement such as <mask>-Yves Trémois, <mask>'s pictorial production did not stop at the themes of Fantasy Realism. Although the unusual is a constant of his work, it draws its references in many artistic currents including Romanticism, Baroque, Symbolism, etc. <mask> died in Colombes in France in 2005 aged 75. Exhibitions

Personal exhibitions
 The Tower of Babel, Galerie Roger Dulac, Paris, 1961. The Unusual Navigation, Galerie Roger Dulac, Paris, 1962.Faust and Spells, Galerie Roger Dulac, Paris, 1963. Unexpected Visitors, Galerie Roger Dulac, Paris, 1964. The Plant World, Galerie Roger Dulac, Paris, 1965. Gallery of Argens, Strasbourg, 1967. Theater of the Imaginary, Galerie Emmanuel David, Paris, 1972. Denon Museum, Chalon-sur-Saône, 1972. Other Faces, Galerie Emmanuel David, Paris, 1973.Lost naked in the labyrinths, Galerie Emmanuel David, Paris, 1974. Unusual Escapes, Galerie Emmanuel David, Paris, November–December 1975. Imaginary Portraits of Richard Wagner's Heroes, Bayreuth Festival, 1975. The Grandes Soirées of the French Comedy, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1980. Osram Gallery, Munich, 1982. The Barocco Opera House, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1982. Clayette - Engravings, Denon Museum, Châlon-sur-Saône, December 1983 - January 1984.Venetian phantasms, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1984. The Great Replicas of Victor Hugo's theater, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1985. The Magic of Rimbaud, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1986. In Complete Freedom, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1987. Predilections, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1988. Paris, Phantasm, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1989. Mozart in the Present, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1991.The Caravels of Christopher Columbus, Galerie Proscenium, Paris, 1992 (then traveling exhibition in Genoa and Seville as part of the commemorations of the 500th anniversary of the epic of Christopher Columbus). Kahn Dumousset, auctioneers in Paris, Sale of Pierre Clayette studio, Hôtel Drouot, July 3, 2008  4. Collective Exhibitions
Art and Medicine Seen by Twenty-four Painters - including Yves Brayer, Jean Carzou, <mask> and Jean Jansem at the Galerie Roger Dulac, October–November 1963. From Bonnard to Baselitz, ten years of enrichments of the cabinet of prints, National Library of France, 1992. Works

Scenography (Sets and Costumes)
By his own admission, <mask> was interested in scenography and theater design before even considering painting. The influence of Cassandre is evident in an artist who was one of the last representatives of the period between the 1920s and the late 1970s during which theater and opera directors often appeal to leading artists in the world of painting. As such, Clayette is part of a lineage that included, among others, André Derain, Balthus, Christian Berard, George Wakhevich, Cassandre and André Masson.Clayette entered the world of scenography in 1955 for a ballet by Daniel Wayenberg with <mask> who entrusted him with his first set of sets. Clayette became famous among the great names of lyric and dramatic scenes, such as Maurice Béjart, <mask>, Gabriel Dussurget, Maurice Escande and Jean Le Poulain, maintaining a long involvement with the latter until Poulain's death in 1988. <mask>'s talent as a stage designer gave him the opportunity to express himself on the most prestigious stages, such as the Comédie-Française, the Palais Garnier and the International Festival of Lyric Art in Aix-en-Provence. Scenographic creations
1955 - Solstice - Chor. <mask> - Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (Ballet)
1958 - Juliet - Chor. Maurice Béjart - Ballet - Théâtre de Paris (Ballet)
1958 - The Hunchback - Mesc. Jacques Dacqmine - Apollo Theatre (Theater)
1962 - The Contessa - Mesc.Jean Le Poulain - Théâtre de Paris (Theatre)
1962 - The Great Catherine - Mesc. Jean Le Poulain - Comédie-Française
1963 - A Caprice - Mesc. Maurice Escande - Comédie-Française
1963 - Ariadne auf Naxos by Richard Strauss - Chor. Werner Duggelin - Aix-en-Provence Festival (Ballet)
1964 - Zoroaster by Jean-Philippe Rameau - Chor. Michel Rayne - Opéra-Comique (Ballet)
1965 - The Nutcracker - Chor. Michel Rayne - Opéra-Comique (Ballet)
1965 - The Caleche - Mesc. <mask> Grenier - Théâtre de la Ville (Theatre)
1965 - Bifurcation - Chor.<mask> - Ballets JMF (Ballet)
1965 - The Voice - Chor. <mask> - Ballets JMF (Ballet)
 1966 - Coppelia - Chor. Michel Descombey - Palais Garnier (Ballet)
 1966 - The Locomotive - Mesc. André Roussin - Théâtre Marigny (Theatre)
 1968 - The Marriage of Figaro - Chor. Jean-Laurent Cochet - Aix-en-Provence Festival (Ballet)
 1969 - The Italians in Paris - Mesc. Jean Le Poulain - Comédie-Français
 1972 - The black suits you so well by Saul O'Hara (French adaptation of Jean Marsan ) - Mesc. Jean Le Poulain - Théâtre Antoine-Simone Berriau (Theatre)
 1973 - The Debauchery - Mesc.Jean Le Poulain - Theater of the Work (Theatre)
 1973 - The Queen of Caesarea - Mesc. Jean-Laurent Cochet - Modern Theater (Theater)
 1976 - Amphitryon 38 by Jean Giraudoux - Mesc. Jean-Laurent Cochet - Théâtre Édouard VII (Theatre)
 1977 - Pygmalion - Mesc. Raymond Gérome - Théâtre de Paris (Theater)

French television
The Treasure of the Dutch - sets by André François and <mask> (1969)

Book illustrations

<mask>, Cold China, illustrations by <mask>, Presses littéraires de France, 1949. William Shakespeare, Macbeth, sixteen original lithographs by <mask>, 30 numbered copies, The Hundred One, Women's Bibliophile Society, 1965. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (translation and preface by Paul Arnold), Faust, illustrations by <mask>, ODEJ Presse, 1966. Yves Masselot, Requiem Babel - Poems, illustrations by <mask>, Editions , Uzès, 1971.Roger Caillois, Dreams of Stones, inset illustrations by <mask>, Editions of the Caisse des Depots et Consignations, 1984. Arthur Rimbaud (presentation by Cecil Arthur Hackett), Poetic Works, illustrations by <mask>, Editions d'art of the Imprimerie Nationale, 1986. Jean Le Poulain, 'Paris Phantasies'', illustrations by <mask>, Grappedis Publishing, 1989. Public collections

France
Mills, National Center of Stage Costume  National Center for Art and Culture, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris. Cabinet of prints of the National Library of France, Paris, Calm Morning Galley, etching and aquatint in colors, published by Lacourière-Frélaut, 1979
Library  - Museum of the Comédie-Française, Paris. Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, 'Calm Morning Galleon' and 'Amber Nave', prints
National Fund of Contemporary Art, Paris, including depot: Military School of Administration, Montpellier. Centre National du Costume de Scene, Moulins, Allier
Musée de Gajac, Villeneuve-sur-Lot, transcendent space, engraving

Italy
International Museum of Applied Arts of Today (MIAAO), Turin

References

External links
The Fantasy Art of <mask>ette
Pierre Clayette on Internet Movie Database
Examples of the art of <mask> - Artnet

1930 births
2005 deaths
Painters from Paris
20th-century French painters
20th-century male artists
21st-century French painters
21st-century male artists
French male painters
French etchers
20th-century French lithographers
21st-century French lithographers
Scenographers
Alumni of the Académie Julian

masks:
Pierre Clayette
Clayette
Clayette
Pierre
Clayette
Clayette
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Lacotte
Pierre Lacotte
Clayette
Pierre Lacotte
Jean Pierre
Pierre Lacotte
Pierre Lacotte
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Cuvillier
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Clayette
Pierre Clay
Pierre Clayette


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<mask> (born June 20, 1978) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter from Nashville, Tennessee. He has released eight studio albums, including two Christmas albums. His most recent full-length album, Who Knew It Would Be So Hard To Be Myself, was released February 9, 2018. Early life
The eldest of three children, <mask> was born in South Carolina in 1978, the son of a pastor who relocated his family to Kosciusko, Mississippi when <mask> was six years old. The <mask> family then moved to Knoxville, Tennessee the summer during his junior year of high school, where he graduated from Farragut High School in 1996. <mask> went to college at Middle Tennessee State University and graduated with a degree in Recording Industry Management. While there, he began playing guitar and writing songs for fun.He was initially only interested in writing material for other performers but was later encouraged by his peers to perform his works himself. <mask> took their advice and began performing within the campus, and then performed at various nearby universities in regional centers as well as his own. Musical career

<mask> released a 10-track demo album, "little fist big hurt," around 2000. After graduating from Middle Tennessee State University, he began touring and in 2002 released his five-song EP Three, Then Four, as purely a guitar-and-vocals release. With this release and the touring performed around it, <mask>' fan following expanded, with the assistance of internet promotion. <mask> toured heavily for over a year after that. During this period, <mask> met Ed Cash, a record producer who had worked with Bebo Norman, who <mask> had previously met in 1998 at Windy Gap, a Young Life camp in North Carolina.At the suggestion of Cash, <mask> recorded a full-band studio LP. <mask> released Brother, Bring The Sun in September 2004. This album was critically acclaimed for <mask>' songwriting and overall high-quality presentation for an independent release. Also through its release, <mask> gained notability among singers Amy Grant (who later performed on <mask>' wedding song "I Have and I Always Will"), Vince Gill, and John Mayer. In 2005, <mask> co-produced the five-song EP Today & Tomorrow for his friend Matt Wertz. <mask> also contributed his songwriting to one of its songs. In 2006, <mask> released his second full band studio album Chasing Mississippi.In mid-to-late 2006, <mask> toured with Matt Wertz with songs from both albums and some newly written material as well. In early 2007 <mask> began experimenting with stand-up comedy and, with support from friends, put together a routine which he performed in Nashville, Tennessee. In June 2007, <mask> re-entered the studio to record his third album. In April 2008, having signed to the record label Razor and Tie, he released his major-label debut, Me and You and the World. In promotion of the album, the song "Until You", which was previously on Brother, Bring the Sun, was re-recorded and released as a single on February 19, 2008. In late 2008, <mask> was one of the opening acts for the shows from Orlando through Chicago on Hanson's "The Walk Around the World Tour". <mask>' songs were also featured on the show What I Like About You, including his song "On a Night Like This", which was featured on the "Three Little Words" episode.They were sung by the main character's, Holly's, English boyfriend named Ben, and are usually serenades. On February 3, 2009, <mask> released a Valentine's Day EP titled You, the Night, and Candlelight. In April 2010, <mask> released his fourth full band studio album What We Want, What We Get after having released his single "God Gave Me You" from the same album. The single rose into the top-five Contemporary Christian music chart by June. <mask> appeared on the U.S. soap opera All My Children as himself and performed the song on June 10, 2010. Blake Shelton released <mask>' song "God Gave Me You" as his second single on his album Red River Blue in fall of 2011. It became Blake's fifth number one song on country radio and has sold over one million units.In 2012, <mask> was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Country Song for writing the song "God Gave Me You". In an interview with American Songwriter, <mask> stated that "I honestly didn't know I could write songs that could be that universal. Songs that could be that successful. I think one of the things about that song, as I have looked back on it and sort of examined under the hood, is that the sentiment is pretty universal... The beauty of "God Gave Me You" was that I finally saw what I had done and it opened this really cool door to me being more conscious about writing songs that appeal to more people, and this new record Stories to Tell really showcases that." Stories to Tell, <mask>'s fifth full studio album, was released on March 13, 2012. <mask>' second Christmas collection, A December to Remember, was released on October 29, 2013.It is the follow up to his successful 2010 holiday project Very Merry Christmas. <mask> co-produced A December to Remember, which features six originals, four written and two co-written, such as "So, Santa" and "Better Than Christmas Day". The 11-song line-up also includes five Christmas classics, from "White Christmas" to "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year". On January 28, 2014, he released Golden Days with the album's first single, "Good". <mask> released a second Valentine's Day EP on February 10, 2015, consisting of six acoustic songs and titled Hymns for Her. He released his seventh full-length album, Carry On, San Vincente, in 2016. In 2018 he released the album Who Knew It Would Be So Hard To Be Myself.In 2020 he released his new album Dreaming in Electric Blue. Songwriting
As a songwriter, <mask> has both written and co-written songs with Joey Humke for Carrie Underwood, Thomas Rhett and Maren Morris, Reba McEntire, Blake Shelton, Hunter Hayes, Marc Broussard, Bebo Norman, Matt Wertz, Andrew Ripp, Billy Currington, Tim McGraw, Danielle Bradbery, Bethany Dillon, and Lady A. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Annie, have three children - Ben, Suzanna, and Sam. Discography

Studio albums

Christmas albums

Extended plays

Singles

Awards and nominations
CMA Awards

|-
| 2012
| "God Gave Me You"
| Song of the Year
|
|}Dove Awards

|-
| 2018
| "Washed By the Water"
| Southern Gospel Recorded Song of the Year
|
|}Grammy Awards

|-
| 2012
| "God Gave Me You"
| Best Country Song
|
|}

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
American rhythm and blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American male singer-songwriters
American rock singers
American rock songwriters
People from Kosciusko, Mississippi
Middle Tennessee State University alumni
American performers of Christian music
Musicians from Knoxville, Tennessee
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee
Singer-songwriters from Mississippi
Guitarists from Mississippi
Guitarists from Tennessee
21st-century American singers
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male singers

masks:
David Mckee Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Dave Barnes
Dave
Dave
Dave Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes


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<mask> (sometimes referred to as Sergeant Sharp(e) or <mask>) was an early Virginia colonist, soldier, ancient planter, and Virginia Company shareholder who settled in the Bermuda Hundred area that became part of Charles City County, Virginia. He served in the Virginia House of Burgesses in Jamestown, Virginia in 1629. Burgess <mask> distinguished

<mask> should not be confused with <mask>, another early Virginia colonist, soldier, and Ancient planter who settled in Charles City, Virginia and was a burgess in the first general assembly of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1619 with whom he is sometimes erroneously conflated. <mask> was a soldier whom came to Virginia in 1610 with most of the passengers and crew of the Sea Venture as they made their way to the colony after 10 months in Bermuda where they had wrecked in a storm. The castaways built two small boats to complete their journey to Jamestown. <mask>, also an Ancient Planter and a Shareholder in the Virginia Company, came to Virginia on the Starr in May 1611. In Stanard, in Wirt and Grizzard and Smith, <mask> (not shown as "Sergeant") is listed as a burgess in the 1619 general assembly for Charles City.He is not listed as a burgess in the 1624 general assembly in Stanard, although he signed the letter of burgesses replying to Alderman Robert Johnson in 1624. On the other hand, he is listed in McIlwaine, H. R., ed. Volume 1 of Journals of the House of Burgesses, 1619 - 1658/59. Richmond, VA, 1915, p. viii, as a burgess for Westover, an incorporation of Charles City, in the 1623/24 assembly. A burgess identified as "Sergeant Sharp" (no first name, no "e" at the end of the name) is listed as a burgess for the "Neck of Land" (which was later called “Jones Neck”) for the 1629 session in both Stanard Henings. "Sergeant Sharp" was "<mask>. <mask> (Sharp)", also of Charles City, and a burgess in the 1629 list for the Neck of Land, not <mask>. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, has a brief biographical paragraph concerning "<mask>" which identifies him as a burgess for Charles City in the 1619 session and the Neck of Land in the October 1625 session.A 1625 session is not shown in the Stanard or Henings or <mask> (Sharp) entries but is mentioned in Grizzard. It is shown in McIlwaine, H. R., ed. Volume 1 of Journals of the House of Burgesses, 1619 - 1658/59. Richmond, VA, 1915 as a convention, but the member list, which is based on Brown, Alexander, The First Republic in America, pp. 579, 580, does not include <mask>, "<mask>" or <mask>. In the Introduction, p. xxv, the editor explains: "The material found in this volume is not made up altogether, or even in the main, of entire Journals of the House of Burgesses or of excerpts from these Journals, but of a few such excerpts, it is true, and of such papers of the House and of the General or Grand Assembly as a whole as are extant and have been found by the editor of the volume." While McIlwaine's Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1619-1658/59 shows "<mask>" as a burgess for the Neck of Land in the 1629 assembly, the entry is based on Stanard, 1902, pp.54, 55, which actually show the member as "Sergeant Sharp". The Lists of the Livinge & the Dead in Virginia, compiled February 16, 1623, shows "Serjeant <mask>" residing at the Neck of Land, Tyler gives no further information about <mask> after 1625. Based on McCartney which has no information about <mask> after 1626, and Grizzard which shows the members of the First General Assembly and their fates if known and which indicates that <mask>'s fate is unknown, and the entry on the Lists of the Living & the Dead in Virginia, 1623, <mask> was not the "Sergeant Sharp" of the 1629 assembly. That burgess was <mask> (Sharp), as stated by McCartney with citations. Controversies

McCartney states that <mask>'s superiors discussed remarks he made while inebriated which complained about a British government decision that gave the right to trade with incoming ships to official British merchants to the exclusion of that right for individual plantations. <mask> and three others also lost a suit to Richard Taylor in January 1629 in which Taylor accused the men of preventing him from using land for which he held a patent from Governor George Yeardley. Burgess

In 1629, <mask> represented Charles City (sometimes referred to as Bermuda City) in the Virginia House of Burgesses.Wife and property

Records showed that <mask> and his wife Elizabeth were living at Bermuda Hundred Plantation on February 16, 1624 and were still there on January 20, 1625 with their sons, Samuell, age 2, and Isack, age 2 months. In a list of patented land sent to England in 1625, <mask> was shown with 40 acres in Charles City, the location of Bermuda Hundred. Death

<mask> died after October 1629 but before February 12, 1635 when his widow, Elizabeth, who identified herself as <mask>'s widow, patented land in the Varina area of Henrico County, just east of Henricus Island, on the basis of headrights. See also
 List of members of the Virginia House of Burgesses

Notes

Citations

References
 Bernhard, Virginia. The Tale of Two Colonies: What Really Happened in Virginia and Bermuda?. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2011. .
 Glover, Lorri and Daniel Blake Smith. The Shipwreck That Saved Jamestown: The Sea Venture Castaways and the Fate of America].New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 2008. .  Retrieved May 5, 2013. Grizzard, Frank E. and Dennis Boyd Smith. Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social and Cultural History. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007. .
 Haile, Edward Wright, ed. Jamestown Narratives: Eyewitness Accounts of the Virginia Colony: The First Decade: 1607-1617. Champlain, VA: RoundHouse, 1998. .
 Henings, Statutes at Large, shown as Virginia, <mask> Hening, Virginia (Colony). The statutes at large: being a collection of all the laws of Virginia.Volume 1, Richmond, VA: Printed by and for Samuel Pleasants, Junior, printer to the Commonwealth, 1809-1823. . Retrieved July 15, 2011. Henry, <mask>. The First Legislative Assembly in America. In Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1893. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1894. . Retrieved July 21, 2011. Kolb, Avery E.  Early Passengers to Virginia: When Did They Really Arrive?, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 88, No.4. Oct. 1980. via JSTOR.org. McCartney, Martha W. Virginia immigrants and adventurers, 1607-1635: a biographical dictionary. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2007. .
 McIlwaine, H. R. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1619-1658/59. Richmond, VA: The Colonial Press, E. Waddey Co. 1915. .
 Stanard, <mask>. and Mary Newton Stanard. The Virginia Colonial Register.Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons Publishers, 1902. , Retrieved July 15, 2011. Tyler, Lyon Gardiner ''<mask>, Samuel' in Encyclopedia of Virginia biography. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1915. . Retrieved July 21, 2011. Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
House of Burgesses members
American people of English descent
Virginia colonial people
Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
People from Jamestown, Virginia
People from Charles City County, Virginia
American planters

masks:
William Sharpe
William Sharp
Samuel Sharpe
William Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
William Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
William G
Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
McCartney Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
Sergeant Sharpe
William Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
William Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
Samuel Sharpe
William Sharpe
Sharpe
Sharpe
William Sharpe
William Sharpe
Sharpe
William Sharpe
William Sharpe
William Waller
William Wirt
William G
Sharpe


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Ernest Duncan "<mask>" <mask>. (January 23, 1943 – December 30, 1996) was a gridiron football player and coach in the United States and Canada. He played college football for the Utah Utes before going on to play professionally for the BC Lions and the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL) in the 1960s. <mask> began a coaching career after retiring as a player in 1968. His early assistant and position coaching jobs included several NCAA football teams and the Los Angeles Express of the United States Football League. He was the head coach at Portland State University from 1986 to 1992 and at Boise State University from 1993 to 1996, compiling a career college football record of  (). <mask> led Portland State to consecutive appearances in the Division II championship game in 1987 and 1988 and guided Boise State to the Division I-AA title game in 1994. In 1994, <mask> was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare form of muscle cancer.He continued coaching until shortly before his death in 1996. Playing career
Born in Superior, Montana, <mask> attended Missoula County High School in Missoula and was a high school athlete in football, basketball, and track. <mask> primarily played quarterback in high school. He accepted a scholarship to play college football at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City under head coach Ray Nagel. Utah was a member of the Skyline Conference, and in 1962 became a charter member of the WAC. As a freshman in 1961, <mask> played as a quarterback and returned punts on the freshman team. By his sophomore year, <mask> was primarily a defensive player, serving also as the third-string quarterback.As a quarterback and cornerback in his senior season in 1964, <mask> and end/placekicker Roy Jefferson led the Utes to a  record, including a  victory over favored West Virginia in the Liberty Bowl, played indoors in Atlantic City; <mask> was named the game's most valuable player. <mask> played three seasons of professional football in the Canadian Football League with the BC Lions and Edmonton Eskimos, primarily as a defensive back. Through 38 total regular season games, he recorded eight interceptions and two fumble recoveries. While with the BC Lions from 1965 to 1967, <mask> was also used sporadically as a punt returner, returning 79 punts for 412 yards. In 1967, <mask> moved to the Eskimos, where he played only two games. He retired prior to the 1968 season. Early coaching career
Following his CFL playing career, <mask> became an assistant coach in 1968 at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, B.C., Canada.Five years later, he was named co-coach of the team along with Bob DeJulius. After nine years at Simon Fraser, <mask> returned to the U.S. in 1977 as the defensive coordinator at Montana under head coach Gene Carlson, followed by other assistant coaching positions with Eastern Washington and California. In 1983, <mask> signed on as an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Express of the USFL, a newly formed professional league which played its games in the spring during the NFL offseason. Two years later, he moved to Portland, Oregon as defensive coordinator for the Portland Breakers. Portland State
Following the collapse of the USFL, <mask> became the head coach of the Portland State Vikings in 1986. <mask> coached the Vikings to their first playoff appearances, including back-to-back trips to the Division II finals in 1987 and 1988, though the team lost both games. He was named coach of the year in the Western Football Conference five times.The Vikings had a 63–26–2 record while <mask> coached the team. <mask> was as much noted for his personality as his coaching. He took part in a humorous series of television commercials to sell tickets for Portland State games, with stunts such as dancing the Hokey Pokey, betting a month's salary on attendance at the game, allowing fans to vote on whether to pick heads or tails at the coin toss, and most famously, a series of commercials in which <mask> promised to have a meteor, an elephant, or himself (shot out of a cannon) land in the backyard of anyone not buying Portland State season tickets. Boise State
In 1992, <mask>'s Division II Vikings visited Bronco Stadium in Boise in late October and soundly defeated the I-AA Broncos  After Boise State lost their next three games to close out the season, head coach Skip Hall promptly resigned, and <mask> and his entire coaching staff were hired away from Portland State. In his second year at Boise State in 1994, BSU began the season unranked. <mask> led the Broncos to a  regular season and a Big Sky championship, the first since 1980, and a #3 ranking at the end of the regular season. As conference champions, the Broncos were included in the   and advanced to the national finals.BSU lost  to Jim Tressel's Youngstown State Penguins at Huntington, West Virginia, and finished the season at

<mask> maintained his reputation for publicity stunts at Boise State. During the run to the 1994 national championship game, he challenged local supporters and promised to ride a horse in downtown Boise if Bronco Stadium was sold out for their annual rivalry game versus Idaho, who had won twelve straight games over the Broncos. The stadium was sold out, BSU won  and <mask> kept his promise. Cancer and legacy
Bothered by shoulder pain for about a month, <mask> had outpatient surgery in Boise for a biopsy three days prior to the 1994 championship game, and was diagnosed two days after the game with rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare form of muscle cancer. The tumor in his upper right arm was removed in March and he underwent extensive chemotherapy and a stem-cell transplant in July at the Fred Hutchinson Center in Seattle. He returned to coach the Broncos in 1995 while going through treatment, and the cancer was declared in remission in December 1995, but the doctors warned of likely recurrence. After finding a lump on his chest the following summer, cancer was found in both lungs and <mask> took a medical leave of absence on August 6; several days later he underwent extensive surgery at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle.Defensive coordinator Tom Mason filled in as interim head coach in 1996, the Broncos' first in the Big West Conference and Division I-A, and they stumbled to just one win in their first ten games. <mask> returned for the final two games of the season, against New Mexico State and Idaho. His win at NMSU was his first and only Division I-A win, but lost 64–19 to rival Idaho in Boise. Three weeks later, after additional tests revealed more tumors in his lungs, he resigned as head coach on December 11. While visiting family in Montana over the holidays, <mask> fell and his condition worsened; he died at St. Patrick Hospital in Missoula at the age of 53. His memorial service was on New Year's Day at St. Anthony Catholic Church in Missoula. <mask> was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1998.Head coaching record

Personal life

<mask> was born to Ernest Duncan <mask>. and <mask>. <mask>. was one of the first patrolmen in the Montana Highway Patrol as well as a veteran of both World War I and World War II. <mask> had one daughter. Notes

References

External links
 Photos of <mask> <mask> from Boise State Library

1943 births
1996 deaths
American football defensive backs
American football quarterbacks
American players of Canadian football
Boise State Broncos football coaches
BC Lions players
California Golden Bears football coaches
Canadian football defensive backs
Eastern Washington Eagles football coaches
Edmonton Elks players
Montana Grizzlies football coaches
Portland State Vikings football coaches
Utah Utes football players
United States Football League coaches
Simon Fraser Clan football coaches
Sportspeople from Missoula, Montana
Deaths from cancer in Montana
People from Mineral County, Montana
Players of American football from Montana
Catholics from Montana

masks:
Pokey
Allen Jr
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen Sr
Esther Allen
Allen Sr
Allen
Pokey
Allen


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<mask> (; ; July 1172 – ) was the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople; Count of Flanders (as <mask>) from 1194 to 1205 and Count of Hainaut (as <mask>) from 1195-1205. <mask> was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Constantinople in 1204, the conquest of large parts of the Byzantine Empire, and the foundation of the Latin Empire. He lost his final battle to Kaloyan, the emperor of Bulgaria, and spent his last days as his prisoner. Early life and family history
<mask> was the son of Count <mask> of Hainaut and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. When the childless Count Philip I of Flanders left on the last of his personal crusades in 1177, he designated <mask>, his brother-in-law, as his heir. When Philip returned in 1179 after an unsuccessful siege of Harim during a joint campaign on behalf of the Principality of Antioch, he was designated as the chief adviser of Philip Augustus by his sickly father, King Louis VII of France. One year later, Philip of Flanders had his protégé married to his niece, Isabelle of Hainaut, offering the County of Artois and other Flemish territories as dowry, much to the dismay of <mask>. In 1180, war broke out between Philip II and his mentor, resulting in the devastation of Picardy and Île-de-France; King Philip refused to give open battle and gained the upper hand, and <mask>, at first allied with his brother-in-law, Philip, intervened on behalf of his son-in-law in 1184, in support of his daughter's interests.Count Philip's wife Elisabeth died in 1183, and Philip Augustus seized the province of Vermandois on behalf of Elisabeth's sister, Eleonore. Philip then remarried, to Matilda of Portugal. Philip gave Matilda a dower of a number of major Flemish towns, in an apparent slight to <mask>. Fearing that he would be surrounded by the royal domain of France and the County of Hainaut, Count Philip signed a peace treaty with Philip Augustus and Count <mask> on 10 March 1186, recognizing the cession of Vermandois to the king, although he was allowed to retain the title Count of Vermandois for the remainder of his life. Philip died without further issue of disease on the Third Crusade at the siege of Acre in 1191, he was succeeded in Flanders by <mask> of Hainaut, although the two had been on seemingly uncordial terms since the 1186 treaty. <mask> thereupon ruled as <mask> of Flanders by right of marriage. When Countess Margaret I died in 1194, Flanders descended to her eldest son, <mask>. In 1186, the younger <mask> had married Marie, daughter of Count Henry I of Champagne, and Marie of France.The chronicler Gislebert describes <mask> as being infatuated with his young bride, who nevertheless preferred prayer to the marital bed. Immediately after this arrangement, the count of Hainaut's son <mask>, thirteen years old, received as wife Marie, the count of Champagne's sister, twelve years old, at Château-Thierry. This Marie began sufficiently young to devote herself to divine obedience in prayers, vigils, fasts and alms. Her husband <mask>, a young knight, by chaste living, scorning all other women, began to love her alone with a fervent love, which is rarely found in any man, so that he devoted himself to his sole wife only and was content with her alone. The solemn rejoicing of the wedding was celebrated at Valenciennes with an abundance of knights and ladies and men of whatever status. Through Marie, <mask> had additional connections and obligations to the defenders of the Holy Land: her brother Henry II of Champagne had been King of Jerusalem in the 1190s (leaving a widow and two daughters who needed help to keep and regain their territories in Palestine). Marie's uncles Richard I of England and Philip II of France had just been on the Third Crusade.<mask>'s own family had also been involved in the defence of Jerusalem: his uncle Philip had died on Crusade. <mask>'s maternal grandmother was great-aunt of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and the counts of Flanders had tried to help Jerusalem relatives in their struggle. <mask> wanted to continue the tradition. Margaret died in 1194, and the younger <mask> became Count of Flanders. His father died the next year, and he succeeded to Hainaut. Count of Flanders and Hainaut

<mask> took possession of a much-reduced Flanders, lessened by the large chunk, including Artois, given by Philip of Alsace as dowry to <mask>'s sister Isabelle of Hainaut, and another significant piece to his own wife. Isabelle had died in 1190, but King Philip still retained her dowry, on behalf of Isabelle's son, the future Louis VIII of France.The eight years of <mask>'s rule in Flanders were dominated by his attempts to recover some of this land. After Philip II of France took <mask>'s brother, Philippe of Namur, prisoner, <mask> was forced to agree to a truce to ensure his safety. The Treaty of Péronne was signed in January 1200 on the condition that <mask> receive the territories he had won during the war. <mask> was made the vassal of Philip II, and the king returned portions of Artois to <mask>. In this fight against the French king, <mask> allied with others who had quarrels with Philip, including kings Richard I and John of England, and the German King Otto IV. A month after the treaty, on Ash Wednesday (23 February) 1200 in the town of Bruges, <mask> took the cross, meaning he committed to embark on a crusade. He spent the next two years preparing, finally leaving on 14 April 1202.As part of his effort to leave his domains in good order, <mask> issued two notable charters for Hainaut. One detailed an extensive criminal code, and appears to be based on a now-lost charter of his father. The other laid down specific rules for inheritance. These are an important part of the legal tradition in Belgium. <mask> left behind his two-year-old daughter and his pregnant wife, Countess Marie. Marie was regent for <mask> for the two years she remained in Flanders and Hainaut, but by early 1204, she had left both her children behind to join him in the East. They expected to return in a couple of years, but in the end neither would see their children or their homeland again.In their absence <mask>'s younger brother Philip of Namur was regent in Flanders, with custody of the daughters. <mask>'s uncle William of Thy (an illegitimate son of <mask> of Hainaut) was regent for Hainaut. Meanwhile, desperate for funds to support themselves and pay for their expenses, the leaders of the Fourth Crusade were persuaded to diverted to Constantinople in large part due to the exiled Byzantine prince Alexios (future Emperor Alexios IV Angelos) who promised them supplies and money in return for their help in ousting his uncle Emperor Alexios III Angelos, and freeing his father Isaac II Angelus. In April 1204, after numerous negotiations attempting to obtain the promised funds from the Byzantines, the Crusaders conquered the most powerfully protected city in the world. Stunned at their own success and unsure of what to do next, the leaders adopted a similar track as their forefathers had during the First Crusade. They elected one of their own, <mask> of Flanders as emperor (of what modern historians refer to as the Latin Empire) and divided imperial lands into feudal counties. Latin emperor

The imperial crown was at first offered to Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice, who refused it.The choice then lay between <mask> and the nominal leader of the crusade, Boniface of Montferrat. While Boniface was considered the most probable choice, due to his connections with the Byzantine court, <mask> was young, gallant, pious, and virtuous, one of the few who interpreted and observed his crusading vows strictly, and the most popular leader in the host. With Venetian support he was elected on 9 May 1204, and crowned on 16 May in the Hagia Sophia at a ceremony which closely followed Byzantine practices. During his coronation, <mask> wore a very rich jewel that had been bought by Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos for 62,000 silver marks. <mask>'s wife Marie, unaware of these events, had sailed to Acre. There she learned of her husband's election as emperor, but died in August 1204 before she could join him. The Latin Empire was organized on feudal principles; the emperor was feudal superior of the princes who received portions of the conquered territory: in October 1204 he enfeoffed 600 knights who occupied lands formerly held by Greek nobles.His own special portion consisted of the city of Constantinople, the adjacent regions both on the European and the Asiatic side, along with some outlying districts, and several islands including Lemnos, Lesbos, Chios and Tenos. The territories still had to be conquered; first of all it was necessary to break the resistance of the Greeks in Thrace and secure Thessalonica. In this enterprise in the summer of 1204, <mask> came into collision with Boniface of Montferrat, the rival candidate for the empire, who received a large territory in Macedonia with the title of king of Thessalonica. Boniface hoped to make himself quite independent of the empire, to do no homage for his kingdom, and he opposed <mask>'s proposal to march to Thessalonica. The antagonism between Flemings and Lombards aggravated the quarrel. <mask> insisted on going to Thessalonica; Boniface laid siege to Adrianople, where <mask> had established a governor; civil war seemed inevitable. An agreement was effected by the efforts of Dandolo and Count Louis I of Blois.Boniface received Thessalonica as a fief from the emperor, and was appointed commander of the forces which were to march to the conquest of Greece. During the following winter (1204–1205) the Franks prosecuted conquests in Bithynia, in which Henry, <mask>'s brother, took part. But in February the Greeks revolted in Thrace, relying on the assistance of Kaloyan, tsar of Bulgaria, whose overtures of alliance had been rejected by the emperor. The garrison of Adrianople was expelled. <mask> along with Dandolo, the count of Blois, and Marshal Villehardouin, the historian, marched to besiege that city. The Frankish knights were defeated (14 April 1205); the count of Blois was slain, and the emperor captured by the Bulgarians (see Battle of Adrianople). Captivity and death
For some time <mask>'s fate was uncertain, and in the meanwhile Henry, his brother, assumed the regency.Not until the middle of July the following year was it ascertained that he was dead. The circumstances of <mask>'s death are not exactly known. It seems that he was at first treated well as a valuable hostage, but was executed by the Bulgarian monarch in a sudden outburst of rage, perhaps in consequence of the revolt of Philippopolis, which passed into the hands of the Franks. According to a Bulgarian legend, <mask> had caused his own downfall by trying to seduce Kaloyan's wife. The historian George Acropolites reports that the Tsar had <mask>'s skull made into a drinking cup, just as had happened to Nicephorus I almost four hundred years before. Tsar Kaloyan wrote to Pope Innocent III, reporting that <mask> had died in prison. A tower of the Tsarevets fortress of the medieval Bulgarian capital, Veliko Tarnovo, is still called <mask>'s Tower; supposedly, it was the tower where he was interned.It was not until July 1206 that the Latins in Constantinople had reliable information that <mask> was dead. His brother Henry was crowned emperor in August. Back in Flanders, however, there seemed to be doubt whether <mask> was truly dead. In any case, <mask>'s other brother Philip of Namur remained as regent, and eventually both of <mask>'s daughters, Joan and Margaret II, were to rule as countesses of Flanders. Twenty years later, in 1225, a man appeared in Flanders claiming to be the presumed dead <mask>. His claim soon became entangled in a series of rebellions and revolts in Flanders against the rule of <mask>'s daughter Jeanne. A number of people who had known <mask> before the crusade rejected his claim, but he nonetheless attracted many followers from the ranks of the peasantry.Eventually unmasked as a Burgundian serf named Bertrand of Ray, the false <mask> was executed in 1226. Notes

References

 Angold, Michael, The Fourth Crusade: Event and Context, Harlow: Pearson, 2003.
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 Harris, Jonathan, Byzantium and the Crusades, London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2014. Harris, Jonathan, 'Collusion with the infidel as a pretext for military action against Byzantium', in Clash of Cultures: the Languages of Love and Hate, ed. S. Lambert and H. Nicholson, Turnhout: Brepols, 2012, pp. 99–117. Van Tricht, F., The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228), Leiden: Brill, 2011
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1172 births
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13th-century Latin Emperors of Constantinople
House of Hainaut
Christians of the Fourth Crusade
Baldwin 9
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People from Valenciennes
Prisoners who died in Bulgarian detention
13th-century monarchs in Europe
13th-century peers of France
12th-century people from the county of Flanders
13th-century people from the county of Flanders

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<mask>, sometimes spelled <mask> (; born 16 July 1966), is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who served as the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of National Unity and Social Wellbeing in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020. He has served as 3-year Senator term since his appointment to the Cabinet from July 2018 to July 2021. He is the founder and serving President of Malaysian Advancement Party (MAP). He is also known as a key leader of Hindu Rights Action Force (HINDRAF). Early life and education
<mask> was born on 16 July 1966 to <mask> who was a first-generation immigrant. <mask> mentioned in his statement of claim that his parents sold their home to finance his studies in the United Kingdom. <mask> also stated that he was denied entry into a local university despite having all the requirements purely because he was an Indian origin.Legal career and activism
He is a Barrister from Lincoln's Inn and began his career as a lawyer in Malaysia in 1997. <mask>'s work involved public interest litigation relating to arbitrary arrests, unlawful deaths in police custody, extrajudicial killings; police abuse of detainees; denial of the grant of citizenship status to ethnic Indians born in Malaysia, forced conversion of ethnic Indians to Islam, unlawful demolition of Hindu Temples or places of worship; and denial of government compensation to ethnic Indian Estate/Plantation workers. Much of <mask>'s work was done pro bono due to a lack of public funds allocated to those areas of the law. He is well known among Malaysian Indians as one of the founders of HINDRAF and his domestic and international campaign to fight discrimination against Hinduism in Malaysia. Hindu temple demolitions in Malaysia
<mask> <mask> has led a campaign against demolitions and relocations of Hindu temples in Malaysia by private companies and the government. Examples of Hindu Temple demolitions and relocations in Malaysia include the Sri Kumaravel Hindu temple in Kampung Medan which had been relocated next to a sewerage tank in 2006, the Muniswarar Hindu temple in Midlands estate was demolished using the hammer in 2006, the Muniswarar temple in Seremban with a 100-year-old rain tree which was given notice for demolition in 2006, and the Sri Siva Balamuniswarar Hindu temple in Setapak of which Waytha was a devotee was demolished using bulldozers in 2006. Lawsuit against Britain
He sued and accused the British Government of "abandoning minority Indians to the mercy of majoritarian authoritarian government while granting independence on 31 August 1957".<mask> <mask> Ponnusamy sued the British Government to pay £1,000,000 to each Malaysian Indian for the "pain, suffering, humiliation, discrimination and continuous colonization". This extraordinary lawsuit had the backing and support from HINDRAF. Just as Malaysia was celebrating its 50th Independence on 31 August 2007, <mask> <mask> led a team of lawyers to file a 4 trillion pound lawsuit against the British Government. "After a century of slaving for the British, the colonial government withdrew after granting independence and they left us unprotected and at the mercy of a majority authoritarian government that has violated our rights as minority Indians," said <mask> after filing the suit. Arrested
On 30 October 2007, <mask> <mask> and other members of HINDRAF — M. Manoharan, P. Uthayakumar and V. Ganabatirau, were arrested at 11:00 p.m. and detained until 8:00 a.m. the following morning for taking part in a demonstration against the demolition of a Hindu Shrine in Kuala Lumpur. Because of this "unlawful arrest" which is quickly refuted by Chief of Malaysian Police at  that time, lawyers are seeking 85 million Malaysian Ringgits in compensation, with Manoharan, Uthayakumar and Ganapathy Rao seeking 20 million while <mask> <mask> is seeking 25 million. He was arrested again on 23 November together with P. Uthayakumar and V. Ganabatirau, this time on sedition charges.All three were granted bail, but <mask> refused bail as a sign of protest. But on 26 November, the court discharged <mask> <mask>, Uthayakumar and Ganapathy Rao because "the prosecution had failed to adhere to Zunaidah's (the judge) instructions on Friday to attach the Tamil transcripts of the speeches to the charge sheet". The movement grew in numbers and on 25 November 2007, approximately 100,000 ethnic Indians joined HINDRAF in the peaceful 2007 HINDRAF rally based on Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent protest to highlight the plight of the marginalized Indian community in Malaysia. The government used tear gas and chemical-laced water at the protestors. Despite their peaceful manner, many participants were arrested by the authorities. Five Hindraf leaders were arrested and detained under Internal Security Act (ISA). International Campaign
<mask> <mask> left Malaysia on 26 November 2007 to obtain international support for HINDRAF's cause.He began with India and planned to proceed to London, Geneva, Brussels, Washington DC, New York and Atlanta. BERNAMA, the Malaysian national news agency on 3 January 2008 reported that <mask> <mask> said that the HINDRAF cause has been lost. This report was quickly denounced as false by <mask> and the report was met with public backlash. <mask> <mask> in his international awareness campaign to highlight the predicament of the marginalised Indian community worked with the UNHCR, the UK government, the US State Department, the US International Commission on Religious Freedom, Amnesty International, the Human Rights Watch, Beckett Foundation, the International Bar Association, the Law Society, the UK Bar Council, the World Organisation against Torture (OMCT), the Human Rights Defenders (Dublin), the FIDH and the International Red Cross as well as many foreign governments. To avoid <mask> <mask>'s campaign that can reflect the discrimination towards the Indian community that are contrary to the Federal Constitution, the Malaysian government revoked his International Passport in May 2008. <mask> was forced to seek protection from the UK government, which duly granted him asylum status under the 1951 Refugee Convention. On 1 August 2012, despite fears that he would face arrest and detention on return to Malaysia, he voluntarily returned to Malaysia.Immediately after his return, he invited the government to engage in talks on issues relating to human rights issues. On March 10, 2013, <mask> <mask> began a hunger strike to raise human rights issues. 21 days into his strike, then Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Razak invited him for discussions, which led to the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between HINDRAF and the government in uplifting the socio-economic standing of the Indian community in Malaysia. Political career

Support and collaboration with BN
On 18 April 2013, after the ban of HINDRAF was surprisingly lifted and registration suddenly approved, <mask> <mask> and the then ruling government Barisan Nasional (BN) had signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). At the MoU signing ceremony, <mask> <mask> had also urged Indian voters to vote for BN in 2013 General Election (GE13), saying only the ruling coalition can take care of the community's welfare. Joining the government of BN as Deputy Minister
Wathya <mask> was appointed as Senator and deputy minister in the Prime Minister's Department after BN formed the government following a simple majority seat victory in the GE13. Amidst the Indian has voted for the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) in GE13 was 50.56%, <mask> said that he and HINDRAF would be able to solve the issue of stateless Indians in the country within five years.He was the first Hindu-activism NGO leader in the nation to be appointed into the government's administration as a Deputy Minister. Breach of trust
However, on 8 February 2014, after being duped into the BN government for eight months, <mask> <mask> announced his resignation from all government positions and senatorship, for the failure and breach of trust of the government to start reform policies and programs to uplift the Malaysian Indian community. Support and collaboration with PH

Return to join government of PH as a Minister
In August 2017, HINDRAF under the leadership of <mask> <mask> met with Chairman of Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad and initiated a working relationship with Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition for the 2018 General Election (GE14). Mahathir in recognizing the importance of HINDRAF in its ability and to reach out to grassroots Indians in the semi-rural and rural areas officially accepted HINDRAF as an associate or strategic partner of PH. HINDRAF had managed to swing over 88% of the Malaysian Indian votes to the PH that lead to the historical defeat of BN in the GE14. In recognition of the HINDRAF contribution to PH success, <mask> <mask> was sworn in as a Senator on 17 July 2018 and appointed as the Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department in charge of National Unity and Social Wellbeing under the new PH government administration under Mahathir's premiership. <mask> <mask>'s government appointment is unique because he is the first HINDRAF leader to have achieved a full Minister status in the government cabinet.His ministerial position also made him responsible for the agency in charge of funding and allocation meant for helping the Indian community; the Malaysian Indian Transformation Unit (MITRA) which was rebranded by the new PH government from the predecessor Socio-Economic Development Unit for the Indian Community (SEDIC), a controversial and mismanaged unit involving Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) ministers under the previous BN administration. Issues during ministership
ICERD in Malaysia
On 28 September 2018, after a 15-year absence from the United Nations, Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad made his return and repeated his call for a reform of the world body. Mahathir Mohamad in his speech in the 73rd Session of the General Assembly stated that the new Malaysia will firmly espouse the principles promoted by the UN in its international engagements. These include the principles of truth, human rights, the rule of law, justice, fairness, responsibility, and accountability, as well as sustainability.

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Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy
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Ponnusamy Arunasalam
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 It is within this context that the new government of Malaysia has pledged to ratify all remaining core UN instruments related to the protection of human rights. It will not be easy for them because Malaysia is multi-ethnic, multireligious, multicultural and multilingual. They will accord space and time for all to deliberate and decide freely based on democracy.In line with the new aspiration, as Minister in Charge of Unity <mask> <mask> whose portfolio included National Unity Consultative Council had carried out a public stakeholder to views and gather input from the public that would be taken into consideration and used as guidance in formulating a National Unity Action Plan to outline strategies, policies and programs including appropriate Acts to strengthen and improve social unity, cohesion and reconciliation amongst all Malaysians. Amongst the areas visited in formulating the National Unity Action Plan including the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD). The commitment was also shown by the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department for Religious Affairs Datuk Mujahid Rawa and the Foreign Minister Datuk Saifuddin Abdullah and Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad at the United Nations General Assembly However, on answering the question on ICERD in Parliament on 19/11/2018, Minister <mask> <mask> was heckled and branded as "liar" and "racist" by the conservative opposition parties (most notably UMNO and PAS legislators) on the pretext of that he is intending to abolish the affirmative actions for the majority Malay community in the country. The above speculative position taken by the opposition to the ICERD was rebutted by the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department for Religious Affairs Datuk Mujahid Yusof Rawa stating that claims that the rights of the Malay community which was enshrined in the Federal Constitution, would be not be eroded should Malaysia ratify the treaty. Subsequently, an anti-ICERD rally was carried out by the opposition party UMNO and PAS on 8 December 2018. The demonstration that was organized by Malay-Muslim groups, PAS, and UMNO  to protest against ICERD — even though the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government has decided not to ratify it. Seafield Sri Maha Mariamman Temple
There was a pre-dawn attack of the 147-year-old Seafield Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in USJ25, Putra Heights where about 50 thugs assaulted several devotees and temple priests who were conducting prayers on 26 November 2018.The 2 am attack saw at least seven being held hostage at knifepoint. The thugs were wielding knives, axes, rakes, parangs, and wooden sticks, and barged into the temple compound before ordering all within to vacate the premises immediately. They shouted that they were here to take over the land on behalf of One City, the Developer. Initially, the Subang Jaya police declared the fight was between two rival ethnic Indian groups over the relocation of the temple. This later turned up to be not true. On 26 November 2018, four ministers and a deputy minister today chided the Subang Jaya police for issuing what they claimed was a false claim regarding the early morning fight at the Seafield Sri Mahamariamman temple. The ministers' response pertains to the statement by the Subang Jaya police regarding the clash in the wee hours of the morning, which was initially described as a fight between two ethnic Indian groups, stemming from the issue of the temple relocation.The false claim would have only further agitated the Indian community as the fight did not involve two Indian groups. "The statement was false and irresponsible. It has created much tension amongst the Indian community, especially in light of the late and ineffective response by the Subang Jaya police," Minister in the Prime Minister's Department <mask> read out from a joint statement in Parliament today. The other ministers who issued the joint statement are Human Resources Minister M. Kulasegaran, Communications and Multimedia Minister Gobind Singh Deo, Water, Land and Natural Resources Minister Xavier Jayakumar and Deputy Rural Development Minister Sivarasa Rasiah. <mask> <mask> called on Inspector-General of Police (IGP) Mohamad Fuzi Harun to immediately issue a corrective statement to set the facts straight. "The Subang Jaya police should be investigated and disciplinary action should be taken," he said. The statement was later amended to exempt the race, to say it was a clash between two groups of people.The minister further slammed the police for allegedly arriving at the scene about two hours after the fight had erupted. On 28 November 2018, the Home Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin confirmed that the lawyers to the developer involved in the Seafield Sri Maha Mariamman temple issue hired Malay thugs that led to the riots. The Home Minister said police investigations revealed that the leader of the group which instigated the conflict was handed RM150,000 by the lawyers, which was used to pay the Malay thugs involved from RM150 to RM300 each. "Because they hired Malays to 'take care of things' at a Hindu temple, you can imagine the reaction it would trigger". "As an example, imagine what would happen if you send Hindus to take care of a mosque?" said Muhyiddin at a press conference here on Wednesday (Nov 28). Islamic State ‘wolf pack’ in Malaysia
On 13 May 2019, Malaysian police arrested four individuals who were planning to attack places of worship and assassinate high-profile individuals, IGP Abdul Hamid Bador said on Monday.The suspects, aged between 20 and 46 years old, included two ethnic Rohingya and one Indonesian and were led by a Malaysian national, Abdul Hamid told a press conference at the police headquarters in Bukit Aman. “The special branch counter-terrorism division had detected a wolf pack of Islamic State terrorists, who had planned to murder high-profile individuals and attack places of worship and entertainment outlets. “One pistol with 15 bullets and six improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were seized. The explosive devices were smuggled in from a neighboring country and are powerful enough to kill,” he said. Abdul Hamid added the cell had been set up in January with the police have arrested members of the group on May 5–7, before they planned to carry out their attacks during the first week of Ramadan, the Muslim fasting month. “This operation was launched after our Special Branch’s counterterrorism division detected an Isis wolf pack cell … that planned to assassinate four VIPs and launch large-scale attacks on Christian, Hindu and Buddhist places of worship, as well as entertainment centers in the Klang Valley,” Hamid added. The plot is the first time local grievances have been exploited by ISIS to inspire foreign militants to launch attacks in the country.On 14 May 2019 call for additional security for the Unity Minister in the Prime Minister's Department P<mask> <mask> was made following reports that terror suspects had planned to assassinate several high-profile personalities. It expressed concern that the terror suspects had intended to assassinate several high-profile personalities due to purported accusations that they failed to uphold Islam and insulted the religion. Calling on the inspector-general of police (IGP) to consider additional security measures for <mask>, Hindraf legal adviser Karthig Shan said supporters of the group were apprehensive because there was an attack on <mask> at his office on Aug 16, 2017, prior to his meeting with Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad in support of his effort for Pakatan Harapan prior to the GE14 in 2018. Thereafter P<mask> <mask> was again singled out and targeted during the ICERD rally and made a scapegoat during the Seafield temple issue when it let to the death of the late fireman Muhammad Adib Mohd Kassim. Formation of Malaysian Advancement Party (MAP)
A new political party to be called Malaysian Advancement Party (MAP) has been submitted for registration by its pro-tem committee lead by <mask> <mask> with the Registrar of Societies (RoS) in September 2018. The party's main objectives amongst others will be to protect, promote and advance the interests of the Malaysian Indian community's political, economic, educational, cultural, religious and social interests. With the birth of MAP, there is a hope among the Malaysian Indian community in Malaysia to ensure that there is an effective representation of the Malaysian Indian community and that their interests are protected and advanced.The party's direction and vision are to adopt a fundamental rights-based approach for advancement, progressively moving away from state-assisted, welfare and hand-out based community towards community empowerment and resilience. The values that the party will propagate will include inclusiveness, equality, quality, originality, integrity, and transparency within the government. The party has stated it will work and cooperate with all political parties in PH to enhance the reform agenda under the new PH administration. <mask> <mask> announced the MAP is officially formed as on 16 July 2019 and registered with the RoS. He also declared he would quits his position in HINDRAF due to the formation of the new party. Deregistration of HINDRAF
Meanwhile on 15 July 2019, HINDRAF despite of PH was still the ruling government and not fallen yet in the Sheraton Move was somehow deregistered by the RoS due to its central committee leadership failure to hold meetings for at least eight times a year as required under the law. Fall of PH government
<mask> <mask>'s government appointment ended following the collapse of PH administration due to the 'Sheraton Move' in the February 2020 political crisis.He also had finished serving his Senator term which was from 17 July 2018 to 16 July 2021. See also
 Hindu Rights Action Force (HINDRAF)
 Malaysian Advancement Party (MAP)
 Human Rights Party Malaysia (HRP)

References

External links

Living people
1966 births
People from Malacca
Malaysian Hindus
Malaysian people of Tamil descent
Malaysian people of Indian descent
Malaysian human rights activists
Malaysian lawyers
Malaysian politicians
Leaders of political parties in Malaysia
Malaysian political party founders
Members of the Dewan Negara
Government ministers of Malaysia
Members of Lincoln's Inn
21st-century Malaysian

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Moorthy
Waytha
Moorthy
P Waythamoorthy
Waytha
Moorthy
. Waytha
Moorthy
Waytha
Waytha
. Waytha
Moorthy
Waytha
Moorthy
Waytha
Moorthy
Waytha
Moorthy