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<mask> (July 24, 1786 – September 11, 1843), also known as Jean-<mask>, was a French geographer, astronomer, and mathematician known for mapping the Upper Mississippi River basin during the 1830s. Nicollet led three expeditions in the region between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, primarily in Minnesota, South Dakota, and North Dakota. Before emigrating to the United States, <mask> was a professor of mathematics at Collège Louis-le-Grand, and a professor and astronomer at the Paris Observatory with Pierre-Simon Laplace. Political and academic changes in France led Nicollet to travel to the United States to do work that would bolster his reputation among academics in Europe. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1842. Nicollet's maps were among the most accurate of the time, correcting errors made by Zebulon Pike, and they provided the basis for all subsequent maps of the American interior. They were also among the first to depict elevation by hachuring and the only maps to use regional Native American placenames.<mask>'s Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi was published in 1843, following his death. Nicollet Tower, located in Sisseton, South Dakota is a monument to Nicollet and his work and was constructed in 1991. Early life and education

<mask> was born at Cluses in Savoy. He was very bright, showing aptitude in mathematics and astronomy that earned him a scholarship to the Jesuit college in Chambéry. He began teaching mathematics at age 19. In 1817, he was appointed as a professor and astronomer at the Paris Observatory and worked with scientist and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace. While working at the observatory, Nicollet discovered a comet and built a reputation as an expert in astronomy and physical geography.During the 1820s, he worked as a mathematics professor at the Collège Louis-le-Grand. Emigration, 1832
Nicollet encountered financial and professional difficulties resulting from political turbulence in France following the July Revolution (1830) and the rising dominance of physics as a laboratory science. Penniless, he emigrated to the United States in 1832, sailing from the port of Brest. Nicollet hoped to boost his reputation among European academics through his work in the US. He intended to make a "scientific tour" of the country and had a goal of using his expertise to accurately map the Mississippi River Valley. He arrived in Washington, D.C., where he met with scientists and government officials, discussing scientific surveys of the country. He traveled to New Orleans, from where he intended to proceed to St. Louis, Missouri, but due to a cholera outbreak, travel by steamboat was practically halted.Instead he spent the next three years traveling throughout the south, primarily between New Orleans and Baltimore. Nicollet finally arrived in St. Louis in 1835. Mapping the Mississippi
Upon his arrival 1835 in St. Louis, Nicollet gained support for his plan to map the Mississippi River from the American Fur Company and the wealthy Choteau family (who had helped found St. Louis and long had a fur trading monopoly with the Osage tribe based on contracts with former Spanish authorities and later status as U.S. Indian agent). From St. Louis, he took a boat up the river to Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Over the next 4 years Nicollet led three expeditions exploring the Upper Mississippi, mostly in the area that is now Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. First expedition, 1836–37

The first expedition took place in 1836–37 and was privately funded by American Fur and the Choteaus. Nicollet departed Fort Snelling by canoe on July 29, 1836, accompanied by Chagobay, an Ojibwe chief, his nine-year-old son, and a half-French guide named Brunia.Nicollet explored the Mississippi to its source of Lake Itasca and the nearby Mississippi tributary, the St. Croix River. The results of this expedition corrected an error in Zebulon Pike's 1805 map, which placed the mouth of the Crow Wing River too far to the west, rendering all maps of this area inaccurate. Second expedition, 1838
Upon his return to Washington, D.C. to report his findings, <mask> was appointed to head the newly formed Corps of Topographical Engineers and lead a War Department-funded expedition to map the area between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in order to correct the western maps affected by Pike's mistake. The expedition party set out on June 18, 1838 from Traverse des Sioux. The party was composed of John C. Frémont, who was appointed by the War Department to assist on the expedition in lieu of a military escort, <mask> Jr., and <mask>, an agent for the American Fur Company who was half French, half Native American. On July 4, 1838 the expedition arrived at Pipestone Quarry, where the party members carved their initials on a rock. From there, the party proceeded along the Minnesota and Blue Earth Rivers toward Spirit Lake, Iowa.Third expedition
In his third and final expedition, guided by Louison Freniere, Nicollet retained the assistance from Frémont and was joined for part of his journey by the Jesuit Missionary Pierre-Jean De Smet. De Smet used skills learned from Nicollet to make his own maps of the Missouri River basin. On this and on his second expedition, botanist Charles Geyer took extensive notes cataloging the area's native plants. This journey was also government funded and took Nicollet northwest from Iowa along the Missouri River toward Fort Pierre, South Dakota. His efforts were hampered as the Steamboat Pirate carrying his supplies sank in April 1839. On July 11, 1839, the second leg of his trip set out from Fort Pierre for Devil's Lake, North Dakota. From there, Nicollet travelled back across the Coteau des Prairies to Fort Snelling.Death
On September 11, 1839, Nicollet returned to Washington, D.C. where he worked on consolidating the information collected into the Report to the Senate. He fully intended to return to Minnesota to continue his work, but failing health led to his death in Washington in 1843. He is buried at the Congressional Cemetery, his gravestone noting "He will triumph who understands how to conciliate and combine with the greatest skill the benefits of the past with the demands of the future." Legacy

Later in 1843, a book containing much of his work, Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi, was published. The maps in the book were highly accurate and covered a region more than half the size of Europe. Morever, Nicollet's maps were among the first in the world to depict elevation by hachuring and are among the only sources for original Native American place names in the region. Many of Nicollet's sketches and journals from his expeditions are housed at the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Archives.In 1847, one of his expeditions' private sponsors, Pierre Chouteau Jr., established Fort Benton as the furthest fur-trading post on the Upper Missouri River, in what became known as Chouteau County, Montana in his honor. Nicollet's own name is applied to several places in the region he explored, including Nicollet Island, Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis, Nicollet County and the city of Nicollet, all located in Minnesota. In 1991, the <mask> N. Nicollet Tower and Interpretive Center was constructed in Sisseton, South Dakota near the path Nicollet had taken from Devil's Lake back to Fort Snelling on his final expedition. A banker and Sisseton resident became fascinated with Nicollet's story and work after reading <mask><mask> on the Plains and Prairies, a translation of Nicollet's journals, and raised $335,000 from seven local donors to build the monument. The 80-foot tall tower with 96 steps was primarily built of Douglas-fir from Idaho with concrete pillars and steel bolts. From the top, six counties in three states (South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota) can be seen, including a view of the Laurentian Divide, the Coteau des Prairies, and the ancient glacial valley that Nicollet mapped. The Interpretive Center houses 2,400 square feet of classroom space and exhibits, including Nicollet's map and a mural of Nicollet's meeting with Wanata, chief of the Yankton Dakota.References

Further reading

External links
 Nicollet Project Website at St. Olaf College. Report Intended to Illustrate of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi River. Retrieved May 29, 2009 from Google Book Search. John Cushman Abbott Exhibit Supplement—includes a discussion of Nicollet and his book Report Intended to Illustrate a Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi River, and a downloadable pdf file of the book. 1786 births
1843 deaths
French explorers of North America
French explorers
French geographers
French emigrants to the United States
Pre-statehood history of Minnesota
American explorers
History of United States expansionism
Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
Explorers of the United States
People from Haute-Savoie
Recipients of the Lalande Prize

masks:
Joseph Nicolas Nicollet
Nicolas Nicollet
Nicollet
Nicollet
Nicollet
Nicollet
Joseph Renville
Joseph LaFboise
Joseph
Joseph N
. Nicollet


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<mask>, AO (11 September 1916 – 2 April 2012) was an Australian conservationist, explorer, author, and chemical engineer. A keen bushwalker, he is perhaps best known for his role, spanning many years, of working towards the promotion, planning and eventual creation of the Heysen Trail. His work in conservation has been across a range of issues, but especially those connected with South Australian arid landscapes. Early years
Bonython was born in Adelaide, South Australia, to John Lavington Bonython (later Sir John), and Constance Jean, née <mask> (Lady <mask>). His grandfather was Sir John Langdon Bonython. He had one brother (<mask>), one sister (Katherine Downer Verco), a half-brother (<mask>) and two half-sisters (Lady Elizabeth (Betty) Hornabrook Wilson and Ada Bray Heath). (See John Lavington Bonython#Family for more detail.)Industrial career
Bonython studied chemical engineering at Adelaide University. Upon graduating with a Bachelor of Science, he accepted a position with ICI Australia Ltd. There he conducted research and management in the solar salt industry, from 1940 to 1966, and served for 20 years as manager of the salt fields at Dry Creek in Adelaide. At the age of 50 he retired from his industrial career in 1966 in order to devote his time to his many other interests. Conservation and exploration
Bonython's lifetime interests in conservation and exploration were first publicly recognised by his appointment as President, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, South Australian Branch, in 1959.

Notable achievements
Bonython is credited with the conception of the Heysen Trail. In 1973, he and friend Charles McCubbin walked 463 kilometres north-south across the Simpson Desert, pulling a 250-kilogram loaded trailer dubbed "the Comalco Camel", the trek lasting 32 days. In 1982, he and companion walker Terry Kreig became the first white people to walk the 500 km around the shores of Lake Eyre.At the age of 75, he climbed Mount Kilimanjaro. Committees and awards
Source:
 President, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia South Australian Branch 1959-61
 South Australian Chairman, Water Research Foundation of Australia 1961-76
 Foundation Committee Member, Australian Solar Energy Society 1962
 Colombo Plan Adviser on salt to the Ceylon government 1964
 Member of the first executive of the Australian Conservation Foundation 1965-73. Director, Dampier Salt Ltd 1968-79. President, Conservation Council of South Australia 1971-75
 President, National Trust of South Australia 1971-76
 Chairman, Long Distance Trail Committee 1971-78
 Member of the Australian Heritage Commission 1976-91
 Chairman, Evaluation Panel for Natural Areas in South Australia, Australian Heritage Commission 1977-91
 Member of the Uranium Advisory Council 1978-83
 Officer of the Order of Australia 1980, in recognition of service to conservation
 President, Royal Society of South Australia 1980-81
 Chairman, Reserves Advisory Committee to Minister of Environment and Planning South Australia 1981-84
 John Lewis Gold Medal (for Exploration), Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (SA Branch) 1984
 President, Scientific Expedition Group 1984-? President, Council of the National Parks Foundation of South Australia 1985-89
 Australian Geographic Adventurer of the Year 1990

Personal
In his early years, <mask> owned the first MG sports car in South Australia, and set the speed record on Sellicks Beach. He married Cynthia Eyres Young, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Young of Romalo Avenue Magill, on 12 April 1941 at the Church of the Epiphany at Crafers. He began bushwalking while living in Melbourne in the 1940s.With his wife Cynthia, (known as Bunty), together they walked through the Dandenong and Cathedral Ranges. With the birth of the first of their three children, (Simon, Veryan and Alice), Bunty decided against further bushwalking, but supported him in his subsequent walks. After World War II, he returned with his family to Adelaide, and from this base continued to plan long walks, in outback South Australia and elsewhere. His walks included: walking the length of the MacDonnell Ranges; the Larapinta Trail; Lake Eyre; Northern India to the border of Kashmir; the Sierra Club’s high trek in Nevada; climbing the mountains of Maui and walking through the craters; numerous visits to New Zealand; the Everest Trek; and the 463 km crossing of the Simpson Desert, described in his book "Walking the Simpson Desert". Except for the period in Melbourne, the Bonythons lived their entire married life in "Romalo House", (located at 24 Romalo Avenue, Magill, South Australia), having bought the home and adjacent land from Bunty's parents. In 2000 it was announced: "The undeveloped allotment at 22 Romalo Avenue Magill, formerly owned by <mask> and Bunty Bonython, is being amalgamated with the adjoining walkway to form a reserve to be known as Young Park. This has been made possible through the generosity of the Bonythons and assistance from the State Government Open Space Planning and Development Fund."<ref>Mayor's report, Minutes of Council Meeting, 11 December 2001, City of Burnside, pg.2The official opening of Young Park in Magill took place on 27 November. The creation of this small urban nature reserve was made possible through the generosity of <mask> and Bunty Bonython, and matching funds from Council and the State Government Open Space Planning and Development Fund. The park is named after Frank and Phillis Young, the former owners of the nearby Romalo House and parents of Bunty Bonython.</ref>

From an early age, Bunty <mask> has had a deep interest and love of history. Her written works include a brief history of Beaumont House, and two books about St George's Church Magill, where she has been the honorary historian for many years. A funeral service for <mask> was conducted on 12 April 2012 in St Peters Cathedral. Publications
Incomplete list:
 1953 - The filling and drying of Lake Eyre (with Bruce Mason), Reprinted from the Geographical Journal, Vol. CXIX, Part 3, September 1953.1956 - The salt of Lake Eyre, its occurrence in Madigan Gulf and its possible origin. Reprinted from Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, v. 79, May 1956. Second edition,  Libraries Board of South Australia, 1965. 1958 - The influence of salinity upon the rate of natural evaporation, Climatology and micro climatology : proceedings of the Canberra symposium (held October 1956). 1966 - Factors determining the rate of solar evaporation in the production of salt. Symposium on Salt (2nd : 1965 : Cleveland)
 1971 – Walking the Flinders Ranges. Rigby: Adelaide.(Reprinted in 2000 by the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia). 1975 – Conservation in Australia. (Illustrated by Douglas Luck). Rigby: Adelaide. 1976–1981 – I'm no lady: the reminiscences of Constance Jean, Lady Bonython, O.B.E. 1891-1977. (Edited by C<mask> Bonython and issued in progressive chapter-instalments).1980 – Walking the Simpson Desert. Rigby: Adelaide. 1987 - History of the Heysen Trail, www.heysentrail.asn.au
 1989 – The Great Filling of Lake Eyre in 1974. (With A. Stewart Fraser). Royal Geographical Society of Australasia: Adelaide. 1998 - Unravelling the secrets of Arkaroo and Curdimurka : the Gammon Ranges and Lake Eyre over the last 50 years. Reprint from the Journal of the Historical Society of South Australia, Number 26, 1998.Commemorations
 Bonython is remembered in the naming of the Warren Bonython Link, which joins the eastern and western sections of the Mount Remarkable National Park. See also
Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park
Bonython

References and notes

External links
Photos
Photo of C Warren Bonython AO, 1987
<mask> and <mask>, nd
<mask> and Terry Kreig, 1982. Conservationist walker <mask> with former geology teacher Terry Kreig (member of Eyre Consulative Committee to the Environment Department) during trek around Lake Eyre in 1982.'' Obituaries
Vale <mask>, Simon Blight, Council Member, Friends of the Heysen Trail, 3 April 2012
Tribute to <mask>, Allan Holmes, Chief Executive of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 3 April 2012
Vale C. Warren Bonython 1916-2012, <mask>, Australian Geographic, 3 April 2012
Vale Warren Bonython - Heysen Trail pioneer, Sylvia O'Regan, Australian Geographic, 4 April 2012

1916 births
2012 deaths
People from Adelaide
Australian chemical engineers
Officers of the Order of Australia
University of Adelaide alumni
Imperial Chemical Industries people
Australian conservationists
<mask>

masks:
Charles Warren Bonython
Warren
Jean Bonython
Kym Bonython
John Langdon Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren
Warren
Bonython
Warren
. Warren
Warren
Cynthia Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren Field
Warren


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<mask> (born July 26, 1979) is an American actress, singer and songwriter, who finished fourth place on the first season of the musical reality competition American Idol in 2002. Post American Idol, <mask> has begun acting on Broadway and television. She had a recurring role on the third season of the drama series Boston Public in early 2003. Personal life
<mask> was born in Takoma Park, Maryland and later moved to Norcross, Georgia. She graduated from Stone Mountain High School in Stone Mountain, Georgia in 1997. She began singing at an early age. She competed in several beauty pageants and was named Miss Atlanta in 1998.<mask> attended Georgia State University, majoring in business law and entertainment management. Prior to American Idol, she worked a variety of jobs including daycare worker, party motivator, telemarketer, waitress, and running her own cleaning service. She also filmed Coca-Cola commercials and worked with artists like her friend Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes and rapper DMX with hopes of finding an opening into the entertainment industry. <mask> married Color Me Badd singer Sam Watters (whom she worked with on The Dreamer) on September 2, 2006, in Capri, Italy. About 45 guests were in attendance, including her then-manager, Lisa Braude. <mask>'s photographer sold the wedding photos to American press, and the low-key relationship soon became public after People broke the story. She is now stepmom to Kieran, Sam's son from a previous marriage.On March 23, 2010, <mask> announced to Entertainment Weekly that she was expecting her first baby with Watters. On July 17, 2010, <mask> gave birth to daughter Sienna Marie. American Idol
In 2002, <mask> became one of the ten finalists on the first season of American Idol, eventually finishing fourth. Her performance of the Burt Bacharach classic "A House Is Not a Home" was described by Judge Simon Cowell as "one of the best performances on television" that he had ever seen. <mask> was also featured on two tracks on the American Idol Christmas CD—a solo version of "Silent Night" and a duet version of "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" with Ruben Studdard. She also appeared on the Idol Christmas Special on Fox with Clarkson, Studdard, and other finalists from the first two Idol seasons. During the third season of American Idol, she returned to the show on several occasions to sing "Raindrops Will Fall" and "Star", songs she co-wrote for her debut album, and to sing the National Anthem to open the final results show of the season.<mask> also co-wrote the American Idol season three single "I Believe", which was performed by Idol finalists Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. Barrino then released "I Believe" as her American Idol single, which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Charts. List of performances on American Idol

Semifinals
June 18, 2002 "And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going" by Jennifer Holliday

On June 19, 2002, <mask> became a finalist of American Idol. Finals
July 16, 2002 "Touch Me in the Morning" by Diana Ross
Theme: Motown
July 23, 2002 "A Fool in Love" by Ike & Tina Turner
Theme: '60s Music
July 30, 2002 "If I Were Your Woman" by Gladys Knight & the Pips
Theme: '70s Music
August 6, 2002 "Minnie the Moocher" by Cab Calloway
Theme: Big Band
August 13, 2002 "A House Is Not a Home" by Luther Vandross
Theme: Burt Bacharach Songs
August 20, 2002 "New Attitude" by Patti LaBelle and "Feel the Fire" by Stephanie Mills

During the season, many critics and fans thought that Tamyra would make it to the finals, and perhaps win. However, on August 21, <mask> was placed in the Bottom 2 (along with Nikki McKibbin), and then eliminated from the show. The judges expressed their shock at the audience decision, while making supportive comments to <mask>.Music career
In 1998, <mask>'s song "Slippin'." After American Idol, creator Simon Fuller signed <mask> to his newly formed independent record label, 19 Records, a division of his 19 Management, <mask>'s first solo album, The Dreamer, which <mask> wrote herself, was eventually released on May 25, 2004. The album sold 39,000 copies during its first week in release and has sold 122,000 to date. The H. Hector and J. Vasquez mixes of <mask>'s lead single, "Raindrops Will Fall," peaked at number five on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart; another set of remixes of the same song also hit number nine on that chart. <mask> later parted ways with 19 Entertainment but remains close with Fuller, who attended her wedding to Sam Watters in Capri, Italy. <mask> performed a duet with American Idol season one winner Kelly Clarkson on Clarkson's debut release Thankful. The song, entitled "You Thought Wrong," was co-written by <mask> but never released as a single.<mask> was a co-writer and back-up singer on Jessica Simpson's album A Public Affair, which was released August 29, 2006. She is listed fourth in writing credits on the songs "If You Were Mine" and "The Lover in Me", and sang back-up on "If You Were Mine" . The CD debuted on Billboard's 200 Chart at number five. <mask> also co-wrote the number one Billboard Hot 100 song "I Believe." <mask> was reported to be in the process of recording a new album. <mask> called it more club-friendly, hip-hop-based project than her debut. She is also in the process of finding a record label.<mask> tweeted that she was in the studio recording a new album with Ryan Tedder and the production team The Runaways which her husband Sam Watters is part of. They had planned to release her album through a major label in 2010. Acting career
She landed the recurring role of Aisha Clemens, a student in an abusive relationship, on Boston Public, appearing in seven episodes in 2003. She showcased her singing abilities, famously covering Luther Vandross' "Dance With My Father" and Dolly Parton's "I Will Always Love You". She has had guest roles on episodes of Half and Half, Las Vegas, Tru Calling, What I Like About You (TV series), Ghost Whisperer and All Of Us. With other American Idol alumni, she appeared on The Tyra Banks Show in 2006. She has starred on Broadway twice.In November 2004, <mask> was cast for a limited engagement of twelve weeks in the role of Priya in Broadway's struggling Bombay Dreams. Due to continued poor grosses, the show closed early on January 1, 2005. She joined the cast of Rent as Mimi Marquez on May 29, 2007, and was scheduled to play the role until November 25, 2007, however, that six-month contract was extended. <mask> performed in Rent until June 15, 2008, and was replaced by Renée Elise Goldsberry. In October 2005, <mask> made her big screen supporting role debut in the independent film The Gospel, which debuted at No. 5 at the box office, and also had strong DVD sales when it was released to stores on January 3, 2006. <mask> has one song, "Now Behold the Lamb", featured on the movie's soundtrack, which climbed to No.1 on Billboard's Soundtrack Chart. Her second movie role was in the 2008 movie Rachel Getting Married. Also in 2005, <mask> appeared in a short film for H&M's new line of denim jeans, and performed the Dreamgirls show stopper "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going". <mask> was featured in print advertisements for the H&M denim and her version of the song played in H&M stores. In 2011, <mask> starred in the musical "Twist," a theatrical version of Oliver Twist set in New Orleans during the Depression, that was produced by Debbie Allen at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California. The musical was originally scheduled to run from June 14 to July 17, but was extended through July 24 due to strong ticket sales and a string of sold-out shows. In January 2016, she took over the role of Kate on the national tour of If/Then.On January 8, 2018, she took over the role of Papa Ge in the 2018 revival of Once on This Island. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Discography

Albums

Singles
 "Raindrops Will Fall (H. Hector & J. Vasquez Mixes)" Number 5 Hot Dance Music/Club Play
 "Raindrops Will Fall (Remixes)" Number 9 Hot Dance Music/Club Play
Other songs
 "You Thought Wrong" (with Kelly Clarkson)

References

External links

Official website (archived)

1979 births
21st-century American actresses
African-American women singer-songwriters
American Idol participants
American women pop singers
American contemporary R&B singers
Living people
Musicians from Atlanta
People from Takoma Park, Maryland
19 Recordings artists
People from Norcross, Georgia
Singer-songwriters from Maryland
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century African-American women singers
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)

masks:
Tamyra Monica Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Tamyra
Tamyra
Gray
GrayMX
Tamyra
Gray
Gray
Tamyra
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Tamyra
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Tamyra
Gray


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<mask> (born March 11, 1958) is a West Papuan academic and political leader who has been in self-imposed exile in Australia after escaping from detention as a political prisoner  for ten years in Indonesian gaols. Rumbiak is the Foreign Affairs representative of the Federated Republic of West Papua declared at the conclusion of the Third Papuan People's Congress on 19 October 2011. Rumbiak's advice from within West Papua to not attend the Congress for security reasons was vindicated in the crack-down which led to six deaths, hundreds of arrests and the sentencing of five of the principal figures to three years gaol each for treason. <mask> was born in Yabon in the highland district of Ayamaru in Dutch New Guinea and was eight years old when the UN handed his country over to Indonesia in 1963. His parents are from Biak-Numfoor Island on the north coast. Both were primary school teachers, his father also a Protestant pastor. His mother died in 1982 when he was studying in West Java.In 1967 his family fled to the jungle from the Indonesian military which had overtaken West Papua. There they were protected by the Free Papua Organization (OPM). <mask> became involved with the OPM and at a young age became a commander of troops. He finally returned to the towns and was exiled with an education scholarship to Java in 1978. <mask> graduated from the Indonesia University of Education in Bandung (where he spent nine years), with a BA (1982 Maths) and Masters (1987 Geography). By 1987 <mask> was an academic at the Indonesian National Scientific Institute; the Physical Geography Research Institute for East Indonesia; and the Environment Resource Institute of Indonesia. In 1987 he was appointed to teach in Astronomy and Meteorology at Cenderawasih University in Jayapura.<mask> became increasingly politicised, and committed to a non-violent campaign of resistance based on universal concepts like ‘justice, peace and love’ he began educating student activists. Together with Dr Thomas Wainggai he established the West Melanesia Council. In 1988 Dr Wainggai and his wife were arrested, and the next year <mask> took refuge in the PNG Consulate in Jayapura. Despite the Indonesian assurances of his safety, when <mask> left the Consulate he was arrested, and in 1989 then sentenced to life imprisonment for subversion. Rumbiak was moved through eight military and four civilian prisons, including five years on death row at Kalisosok where he completed a degree in theology. He then spent two and a half years in isolation at the top of a stone tower in Tangerang Prison (West Java); <mask> attests that his survival was only by God’s grace. After intervention by the International Committee of the Red Cross, he was moved to Cipinang Penitentiary Institution, which he described in the foreword of Xanana Gusmão’s autobiography as a ‘first-class Indonesian jail’.As a student, lecturer, and later in prison, <mask> studied and experimented with ‘non-violence’ and ‘democracy’ on the streets of Jakarta and West Java, helping to inspire the generation of Indonesian students who brought down President Suharto in 1998. With other intellectuals and ex-political prisoners he developed the West Melanesia Council, an indigenous non-violent Melanesian based movement for self- determination and independence which became the philosophical and political foundations of the West Papua National Authority. In 1998, following the downfall of Suharto, he was released to ‘house arrest’ inside military barracks. The next year he managed to fly to East Timor as an accredited UN observer for the referendum, and escaped on a RAAF Hercules plane to Darwin. <mask> has lived in Australia since his escape in 1999, and has been an Australian citizen since 2006. He was a member of West Papua’s delegation to the Pacific Islands Forum in Fiji in 2002, in New Zealand in 2003, and Fiji in 2006. In 2003 he was a member of West Papua’s delegation to the European Union in Brussels.In 2004 he wrote a briefing paper for the British Government, and represented the West Papua National Authority at the Japanese Foreign Affairs Department in Tokyo. In 2005, he organized the West Papua National Authority delegation to the Melanesian Spearhead Group meeting in PNG, and in 2006 met the United Decolonization Committee in Fiji. In 2006 he attended the First Nation’s International Solidarity meeting in Canada, and in 2007 co-hosted the first Melanesian Cultural Festival in the Netherlands. Rumbiak has dedicated himself to achieving self-determination for the people of West Papua by peaceful means. On 19 Oct 2011 the Third Papuan People's Congress (Abepura, Jayapura) declared an independent Federal Republic of West Papua (FRWP), with Forkorus Yaboisembut appointed President and Edison Waromi appointed Prime Minister. Both were arrested and incarcerated with sentences of three years. <mask> has been appointed the Republic's Foreign Minister.On 23 June 2014 the Office of FRWP Dept Foreign Affairs, Immigration & Trade was opened in Docklands, Melbourne. In his opening speech Rumbiak stated that , according to State Administration theory, when a political society has established the five pre-requisites of a nation state, they are equal with other nation-states, and should be treated like one, and that West Papua has fulfilled those prerequisites, unlike America and Indonesia when they declared independence. With a view to a successful application  by West Papua to join the Melanesian Spearhead Group, at historic unity meetings in Vanuatu, on 6 Dec 2014 <mask> was elected as one of the five international representatives of the newly formed United Liberation Movement for West Papua, a unity body comprising the FRWP, the West Papua Coalition for Liberation and the West Papua National Parliament. On 14 July 2016 at a MSG Special Leader's Summit in Honiara, the ULMWP was admitted with Observer status, the decision on full membership being deferred for technical reasons. References

1955 births
Living people
Western New Guinea
People from West Papua (province)
Indonesian emigrants to Australia

masks:
Jacob Rumbiak
Rumbiak
Jacob
Rumbiak
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob Rumbiak
Rumbiak


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<mask> (born August 1, 1944) served as President of Brandeis University from 1994–2010. He is currently the Richard Koret Professor of Modern Jewish History and Director of the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry at Brandeis. He is also the president and CEO of the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Foundation. On September 25, 2009, <mask> announced his retirement as President of Brandeis, but at the request of the Board of Trustees, he stayed on until a replacement could be hired. On January 1, 2011, <mask> became president of the Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Foundation. Biography
<mask> was born in Haifa in the British Mandate of Palestine, now the State of Israel. For three years, he attended high school in Essen, Germany, and he moved with his family to the United States as a teenager in 1961.He completed his high school education in Newark, New Jersey. Reinharz earned concurrent bachelor's degrees: a Bachelor of Science (B.S) from Columbia University and a Bachelor of Religious Education (B.R.E) from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. He earned his master's degree in medieval Jewish history from Harvard University in 1968 and his Ph.D. in modern Jewish history from Brandeis University in 1972. His wife, Shulamit <mask>, was the Jacob Potofsky Professor of Sociology at Brandeis University and founded and directed the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute and the Women's Studies Research Center. She retired from her professorship and directorship of the Institutes in 2017. They live in Brookline, Massachusetts. They have two adult daughters, Yael and Naomi.Academic career
In 1972, <mask> became the first professor of Jewish history at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he created the interdisciplinary program that formed the basis for the University's Frankel Center for Judaic Studies. He became a full professor at the University of Michigan in 1980. In 1982, he became the Richard Koret Professor of Modern Jewish History in the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies at Brandeis University. Two years later, he was named Director of the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry at Brandeis, and eight years later he founded the Jacob and Libby Goodman Institute for the Study of Zionism and Israel. From 1991 to 1994, Professor <mask> served as Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs. <mask> was announced as the University's 7th president on March 2, 1994, succeeding Samuel O. Thier. During <mask>'s 17-year tenure, the university enjoyed major physical changes including the construction of the Village Residence Hall, Abraham Shapiro Academic Complex, Carl and Ruth Shapiro Campus Center, Carl Shapiro Science Center, Carl Shapiro Admissions Center, Mandel Center for the Humanities, Mandel Center for Jewish Eduction, and many other major capital improvements.He raised $1.2 billion during his presidency and quadrupled the endowment, from $194 million to $772 million. <mask> announced his resignation as President of Brandeis University at midnight on September 25, 2009 after serving the Brandeis community for seventeen years. He stayed on as President until a successor was selected and ready to assume office. On January 1, 2011, <mask> was officially replaced by Frederick M. Lawrence, and on that date he became president of the Mandel Foundation. Upon stepping down, he made a $5 million personal gift to Brandeis for scholarships and fellowships. Awards and recognition
<mask> is the recipient of the President of Israel Prize, awarded by the Israeli Parliament (Knesset) in 1990. He was also elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995 and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations in 1999.He twice received the National Endowment for the Humanities to enable him to pursue his research. He also received a Guggenheim Research Fellowship. In 1998, Reinharz was appointed by President Bill Clinton to serve on the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States. Reinharz is the recipient of honorary doctorates from Hebrew Union College, the Jewish Theological Seminary, Fairfield University, Ben Gurion University in Israel, Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, Brandeis University and Hebrew College. In 2017, <mask> was elected chairman of the International Board of the Weizmann Institute in Israel and served until 2020. He still serves on its international Board. He also serves on many other Boards in the United States and Israel.Other awards

 1985 Present Tense/Joel H. Cavior Literary Award
 1985 Kenneth B. Smilen Literary Award
 1986 National Jewish Book Award
 1988 Shazar Prize in History (Israel). 1990 First recipient of the President of Israel Prize awarded by the Knesset (Israeli parliament). 1992 Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (England). 1993 Fellow of the American Academy for Jewish Research. 1995 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 1996 National Jewish Book Award in the Biography category for Chaim Weizmann, The Making of a Zionist Leader
 1998 Spirit of Liberty Award presented by People for the American Way. 1999 Member of the Council on Foreign Relations.2021 Yad Ben Zvi Award for the third volume of the Weizmann biography, “Founding Father”, co-authored with Professor Motti Golani. Published works
<mask> is the author of more than one hundred articles and 31 books in various languages. His The Jew in the Modern World, edited with Paul Mendes-Flohr, appeared in three expanded editions and is one of the most widely adopted college texts in modern Jewish history. His two-volume biography of Chaim Weizmann, the first President of Israel, has won many prizes in Israel and the United States. The third and final volume of the biography was written with Motti Golani and appeared in Hebrew in 2021; a full-length biography in English will appear in 2023. Zionism and the Creation of a New Society, co-authored with the late Ben Halpern, was published in 1998. Glorious, Accursed Europe, co-authored with Yaacov Shavit, was published in 2010.His latest books are published in Hebrew, English, and German. In October 2005 he co-edited with Shulamit <mask> and Motti Golani letters and documents relating to the life and times of Manya Shochat, a remarkable pioneer of the Second Aliyah. His book Israel in the Middle East, co-edited with Itamar Rabinovich, was published in 2007; three books, Darwin and Some of His Kind (2009), The Scientific God (2011) and Window Unto the World (2017), were co-authored with Yaacov Shavit. In 2013 <mask> co-authored The Road to September 1939 with Yaacov Shavit (an English expanded version in 2018), as well as Die Sprache der Judenfeindschaft im 21.Jahrhundert, co-authored with Monika Schwarz-Friesel (2013). An English translation appeared in January 2017 and is titled Inside the Antisemitic Mind. The third volume of his biography of Chaim Weizmann (co-authored with Motti Golani) appeared in Hebrew in 2020; a full-length biography in English will appear in 2023. <mask> co-wrote with Yaacov Shavit a book on the history of the donkey in literature, arguing that the animal is often used as a substitute for people.In the course of writing this book, he has said: "There are smart donkeys, stupid donkeys, evil donkeys, etc., and no one has ever contemplated this on a large scale... It’s probably the most ambitious topic Professor Shavit and I have ever contemplated." The book, The Donkey: A Cultural History, was published in 2014 in Hebrew. References

External links
Brandeis University Bio

1944 births
Living people
People from Haifa
Presidents of Brandeis University
Brandeis University alumni
Brandeis University faculty
Columbia University School of General Studies alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Israeli historians
Jewish historians
Israeli emigrants to the United States

masks:
Jehuda Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Jehuda Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz


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<mask> (née Murray), Countess of Kinghorne  (1579 – 27 February 1618), was a Scottish courtier said to be the mistress of James VI of Scotland. Fair Mistress <mask> was a daughter of John Murray, 1st Earl of Tullibardine, Master of the King's Household and Catherine Drummond, daughter of David, 2nd Lord Drummond. Her name was sometimes written "Agnes", in correspondence and in anonymous verses in her praise which include anagrams such as the acrostic sonnet "AMAGEMURNSAYAM", and a sonnet with the anagram "AGE MURNES AYE". Her sister Lilias Murray married John Grant of Freuchie in June 1591. James VI and John Wemyss of Logie attended the wedding at Tullibardine, and performed in a masque. On the same day the Earl of Bothwell escaped from Edinburgh Castle. A Dutch ambassador in 1594, Walraven III van Brederode, mentioned that she or her sister was a lady in waiting to <mask> of Denmark.One of her brothers was killed at battle of Glenlivet in 1594. <mask> was said to be the mistress of King James VI. This identification comes from two poems written by the king, given titles "A Dreame on his Mistres My Ladie Glammis" and "A Complaint on his Mistressis Absence from Court". Her husband's aristocratic title was "Lord Glamis". The "Complaint" poem compares her absence from court to a garland missing its flower, and a button or a jewel, a "chatton" missing its gemstone (lines 50-51);The court as garland lacks the cheefest floureThe court a chatton toome that lacks her stone(modernised)The court is a garland missing her chiefest flowerThe court is an empty button that lacks her gemstone. Her absence, perhaps due to the forthcoming marriage, will transform the court to Hades, a kind of hell; "Since by thy absence heaven in hell is changed: And we as Divells in Plutoes court are ranged" (lines 41-2). The "Dream" poem includes the imagery of gifts of an empty gold locket, a "tablet" and an amethyst.In the dream, the amethyst with its traditional healing powers will encourage the king's unswerving devotion. The locket is the "chasteness", the chastity of the king's mistress, and her wandering thoughts are like the trails of enamel on the case. On one leaf of the case there is a picture of a naked man sheltered from the sun in a green forest. This image represents the pleasure his mistress's singing voice brings the court. The other leaf shows the sun amidst the stars, as his mistress is the first among the ladies of the court. Inside the locket there is an image of cupid with his bow, but as yet, no picture of the king's mistress. By these two dream tokens the king imagines their love is knit together until cut by the fate "Atrope", Atropos.A letter from John Carey, son of Henry Carey, governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed to Cecil, 10 May 1595, discussing her marriage calls her "fayre Mistris Ann Murray the Kinges Mistris". Carey's letter shows that <mask> was known as the king's mistress in London, and perhaps the poem "A Dreame on his Mistres" had circulated in manuscript at the English court. Marriage
In May 1595, she married Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis who would later become the Earl of Kinghorne, at Stirling. In early modern Scotland married women did not usually adopt their husband's surnames. Lyon was the son of John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis and Elizabeth Abernethy. The king and queen planned to come to the wedding banquet on 1 June, to be celebrated with "great triumph" at Stirling Castle, but <mask> of Denmark was ill again, rumoured to have suffered a miscarriage. Roger Aston wrote that the banquet was to be held at the Countess of Mar's new house in Stirling, perhaps Mar's Wark, followed by celebrations at Gask, the house of the Laird of Tullibardine.John Carey thought the wedding was held at Linlithgow, and some sources following Carey's letter state the wedding took place in June at Linlithgow. <mask> of Denmark set out from Linlithgow to Stirling on 30 May for the banquet but fell ill after her horse was unruly. Neither James VI or <mask> of Denmark attended the wedding because <mask> was ill at Linlithgow. She was thought to be pregnant. James VI invited the Earl of Mar to join merry making at Gask in July 1595 and this was probably the "in-fare" feast for the wedding. Before the wedding, <mask> was said to be trying to make the wedding a peaceful occasion to bring together factions at court. The marriage was of political significance in Scotland, controversially arranged by the Earl of Mar, whose mother Annabell was a Tullibardine Murray, without the knowledge of Patrick's uncle, Thomas Lyon, Master of Glamis.The Master of Glamis wanted Patrick to marry a sister of the Laird of Cessford. Mar's actions were part of his feud with the Chancellor of Scotland, John Maitland of Thirlestane. John Colville wrote about the marriage of "Mestres Annas", "A mariage laitlie contracted heir betwix the young Lord Glammes and Tillibarn his dochter will walkin (waken) again the greif betwix .a (Mar) and .h (Master of Glamis), for .h (Glamis) is marveluislie displesed tharwith". Colville felt that whatever the facts were, the Master of Glamis thought that Mar had practiced to his prejudice. At Blair Castle a spade from Sri Lanka is said to have been a gift from Patrick Lyon to <mask> in 1594. James VI and the Seven Pearls of Lochleven
In 1593 James VI was linked with a member of the Lyon family, Euphemia Douglas, daughter of Sir William Douglas of Lochleven, Earl of Morton and Agnes Leslie. She married the Master of Glamis in 1586.She and her sisters were sometimes called the "Seven Pearls of Lochleven". She may then have been known as "Lady Glamis". Dr Tobias Matthew, Bishop of Durham wrote of the "king's affection to the Lady Morton's daughter", and that she might be connected with the Earl of Bothwell's schemes, and draw a person of "greater estate" into Elizabeth's devotion. In a second letter Matthew mentioned a mystery concerning the "king's love", Lady Morton's daughter and the contents of a letter intercepted by Bothwell concerning the succession to the English throne intended for a person of "great estate". Euphemia Douglas however, was not the king's mistress mentioned in Carey's letters, and  it also possible that Matthew's story concerned another of the seven Douglas of Lochleven sisters. Family
The children of <mask> and Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne included:
 James Lyon (d. August 1641)
 Patrick Lyon
 Frederick Lyon (d. 1660)
 <mask> (d. 8 February 1637), who married William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll. Jean Lyon (d. 2 February 1618)
 John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne (13 August 1596 - 12 May 1646)

She died on 27 February 1618.References

Sources and external links
 The Peerage .com
 Allan Westcott, New Poems by James I of England (New York, 1911). J. Bain, Calendar of Border Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1894). J. Bain, Calendar of Border Papers, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1894). 1579 births
1618 deaths
Mistresses of Scottish royalty
<mask>
Kinghorne
16th-century Scottish women
17th-century Scottish women
16th-century Scottish people
17th-century Scottish people
Daughters of Scottish earls
<mask>

masks:
Anne Lyon
Anne Murray Anne Murray
Anne
Anne Murray
Anne Murray
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne Murray
Anne Murray
Anne Murray
Anne Lyon
Anne Murray
Anne Anne


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<mask> (March 25, 1931 – November 22, 2011) was an American jazz drummer, percussionist, and composer. <mask> played an important role in freeing jazz drummers from strict time-keeping duties. He first came to prominence in the late 1950s in the piano trio of Bill Evans, and later was a regular in pianist Keith Jarrett's band for about a decade (c. 1967–1976). <mask> began his career as a bandleader in the early 1970s. Perhaps his two most notable groups were a longstanding trio of guitarist Bill Frisell and saxophonist Joe Lovano, and the Electric Bebop Band where he worked mostly with younger musicians on interpretations of bebop standards. Biography
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and raised in Providence, Rhode Island. He was of Armenian descent.After playing guitar in his childhood, <mask> began playing the drums at age 12, eventually touring New England in a swing band. During the Korean War he joined the Navy. <mask> became a professional musician in 1954, and briefly played with pianist Thelonious Monk. He became well known as the drummer in pianist Bill Evans's trio (1959–64), initially alongside bassist Scott LaFaro and later with Chuck Israels. Subsequently, he played with pianists <mask> (1963–64) and Keith Jarrett (1967–76). Other musicians with whom Motian performed and/or recorded in the early period of his career included Lennie Tristano, Warne Marsh, Lee Konitz, Joe Castro, Arlo Guthrie (Motian performed briefly with Guthrie in 1968–69, including at Woodstock), Carla Bley, Charlie Haden, and Don Cherry. Motian subsequently worked with musicians such as Marilyn Crispell, Bill Frisell, Leni Stern, Joe Lovano, Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Alan Pasqua, Bill McHenry, Stéphan Oliva, Frank Kimbrough, Eric Watson and many more.Later in his career, <mask> became an important composer and group leader, recording initially for ECM Records in the 1970s and early 1980s and then for Soul Note, JMT, and Winter & Winter before returning to ECM in 2005. From the early 1980s he led a trio featuring guitarist Bill Frisell and saxophonist Joe Lovano, occasionally joined by bassists Ed Schuller, Charlie Haden, or Marc Johnson, and other musicians, including Jim Pepper, Lee Konitz, Dewey Redman and Geri Allen. In addition to playing <mask>'s compositions, the group recorded tributes to Thelonious Monk and Bill Evans, and a series of <mask> on Broadway albums, featuring original interpretations of jazz standards. Despite his important associations with pianists, <mask>'s work as a leader since the 1970s rarely included a pianist in his ensembles and relied heavily on guitarists. <mask>'s first instrument was the guitar, and he apparently retained an affinity for the instrument: in addition to his groups with Frisell, his first two solo albums on ECM featured Sam Brown, and his Electric Bebop Band featured two and occasionally three electric guitars. The group was founded in the early 1990s, and featured a variety of young guitar and saxophone players, in addition to electric bass and <mask>'s drums, including saxophonists Joshua Redman, Chris Potter, Chris Cheek, and Tony Malaby, and guitarists Kurt Rosenwinkel, Brad Shepik, Wolfgang Muthspiel, Steve Cardenas, Ben Monder, and Jakob Bro. In 2011 Motian featured on a number of new recordings, including Live at Birdland (with Lee Konitz, Brad Mehldau and Charlie Haden), Samuel Blaser's Consort in Motion, No Comment by Augusto Pirodda, and Further Explorations with Chick Corea and Eddie Gómez.Bill McHenry's Ghosts of the Sun was released - by coincidence - on the day of <mask>'s death. <mask>'s final album as bandleader was The Windmills of Your Mind, featuring Bill Frisell, Thomas Morgan and Petra Haden. <mask> died on November 22, 2011, at New York's Mount Sinai Hospital of complications from myelodysplastic syndrome. Box set releases
CAM Jazz released a box set titled <mask> in September 2010. This release compiles a number of albums which were originally issued by the Soul Note label: The Story of Maryam, Jack of Clubs, Misterioso, Notes (with <mask>), One Time Out (with Bill Frisell and Joe Lovano) and Flux and Change (duet with Enrico Pieranunzi). In November 2012, Winter & Winter released <mask> on Broadway Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 which collects the five volumes of On Broadway into a single set.ECM Records released a box set titled <mask> in April 2013, as part of the label's continuing Old & New Masters Edition series. This set compiles the six albums that <mask> recorded for ECM between 1972 and 1984; Conception Vessel, Tribute, Dance, Le Voyage, Psalm and It Should've Happened a Long Time Ago. Posthumous releases
The first posthumous release to feature <mask> was Sunrise by the Masabumi Kikuchi Trio (with Thomas Morgan), released in March 2012 by ECM. This was followed in July 2012 by Owls Talk by Alexandra Grimal (also featuring Lee Konitz and Gary Peacock), released by Harmonia Mundi. Two live recordings, led by pianist Enrico Pieranunzi, have been released by CAM Jazz; New York Reflections: Live at Birdland (with Steve Swallow) was released in October 2012 (exclusively in vinyl format), while Live at the Village Vanguard (with Marc Johnson) was issued in March 2013. CAM Jazz reissued One Time Out in March 2013, in 180g vinyl format. A compact disc edition is supplied with it.One Time Out was also issued on CD as part of the CAM Jazz Paul Motian boxset. Motian compositions recorded by others and tributes
Motian Sickness – The Music of <mask> (for the Love of Sarah) was released in September 2011, featuring Jeff Cosgrove, John Hebert, Mat Maneri and Jamie Masefield. November 2011 saw the release of Joel Harrison's String Choir: The Music of <mask>. Harrison arranged <mask>'s music for a string quartet (featuring Christian Howes, Sam Bardfeld, Mat Maneri, and Dana Leong), plus two guitars (Liberty Ellman and Harrison). Russ Lossing's Drum Music: Music of <mask> (Solo Piano) was released in July 2012 by Sunnyside Records. Lossing originally recorded the album to celebrate <mask>'s 80th birthday; he published a video on YouTube about the recording. Ravi Coltrane included the <mask> composition Fantasm on his 2012 album Spirit Fiction.The performance features Joe Lovano. In 2016, Jean-Marc Padovani released Motian in Motion via Naïve Jazz. In 2018, the Carl Michel Group released Music in Motian via Play On Records. In 2020, Haşmet Asilkan arranged the songs of Motian for solo guitar and released them under the title Paul Motian Songbook

Discography

References

External links
<mask> on ECM Records
"The Paradox of Continuity" by Ethan Iverson
"Paul Motian Archive"
"<mask>tian interview & discography" by Chuck Braman

1931 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
American jazz drummers
American musicians of Armenian descent
Avant-garde jazz musicians
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
ECM Records artists
Musicians from Philadelphia
Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
Improvising Artists Records artists
JMT Records artists
Black Saint/Soul Note artists
Winter & Winter Records artists
Pirouet Records artists

masks:
Stephen Paul Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Paul Bley
Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Paul Bley
Paul Motian
Paul Motian
Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Paul Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Paul Mo


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<mask>,  (born February 23, 1980) is a Canadian filmmaker, politician and social activist. In 2012, he was among the first 60 Canadians to receive the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal at the inaugural presentation ceremony at Rideau Hall to honour significant contributions and achievements to the country. Nguyen is the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario's candidate for the district of Humber River—Black Creek in the 2022 Ontario general election. Life and career
<mask> was born in Toronto, Ontario to Vietnamese parents who fled to Canada after the fall of Saigon during The Vietnam War. After graduating from C.W. Jefferys Collegiate Institute, he attended York University and earned his Bachelor of Arts in film in 2004. Nguyen grew up in the Jane and Finch neighbourhood.In 2004, Nguyen created Jane-Finch.com to address the constant negative media coverage about his community. Jane-Finch.com
Nguyen launched Jane-Finch.com on March 13, 2004, in response to negative stereotypes about the Jane and Finch community. The website gives an unprecedented look at the neighbourhood and features a multimedia library of information. In late 2005, a community news section was added to allow reporters to document local events not covered by the mainstream media. The website produces music videos, public service announcements, and broadcasts local political debates and town halls. In addition to the production of original content, the website also publishes submissions from residents. Reception
The website has received widespread critical acclaim and national media attention.In 2005, the website was featured on the Global Television Network evening newscast, Global National. In late 2005, CBC Radio host Shelagh Rogers featured the website for a special edition of Sounds Like Canada. In 2008, the website was selected by Now Magazine among "9 things we love about Jane-Finch". The website won back-to-back Canadian Ethnic Media Association Awards in 2010 and 2011 for its ongoing community news coverage and the 2011 Heritage Toronto Award of Excellence in the media category. Media career
<mask> is a frequent media commentator on social issues affecting the Jane and Finch community. Advocacy

Nguyen has used his media footing to offer his opinion or act as an advocate for various issues. February 3, 2005, Nguyen appeared on Global National to talk about his viral music video You Got Beef?and Jane-Finch.com. August 4, 2005, Nguyen appeared on G4 Tech TV's Gadgets and Gizmos detailing his community work in the Jane and Finch area. October 18, 2005, CBC Radio Metro Morning host Andy Barrie introduced Nguyen's uncensored op-ed "The Real Toronto". December 2, 2005, Nguyen took CBC host Shelagh Rogers on a tour of Jane and Finch for an episode of Sounds Like Canada. January 14, 2006, Nguyen appeared on CBC's Canada Now to discuss solutions to gun violence. May 24, 2007, Nguyen and Mark Simms appeared on CTV's The Verdict with <mask> to discuss the Jordan Manners shooting. Summer 2007, Nguyen discussed the CBC Television documentary Lost in the Struggle in the Ryerson Review of Journalism.May 12, 2008, Nguyen talked about the growth of Jane-Finch.com in The Toronto Sun. June 18, 2009, Nguyen appeared on Goldhawk Live with Dwight Drummond and Anthony Perruzza to discuss the future of Jane and Finch. January 8, 2009, Nguyen spoke out in The Toronto Star against the rebranding of Jane and Finch to University Heights. January 8, 2010, Nguyen appeared on CBC's Metro Morning to give his opinion on Toronto's unsolved murder rate. July 5, 2010, Nguyen was interviewed on Radio Canada International's The Link with Marc Montgomery about winning the <mask>zyk Award. October 6, 2010, Nguyen asked then-mayoral candidate Rob Ford how he would help solve the problems in the Jane-Finch area on CBC Radio's Metro Morning. December 13, 2010, The Honourable Judy Sgro, PC, MP praised Nguyen's community work in the House of Commons of Canada.June 4, 2012, Nguyen appeared on the CTV News Channel program, National Affairs, to discuss reaction to the Toronto Eaton Centre shooting. June 29, 2012, Nguyen appeared on Voice of America about being the first Vietnamese-Canadian to receive the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. Broadcast

Nguyen has produced several documentaries featuring Toronto's Jane and Finch neighborhood. In 2006, Nguyen served as an associate producer on the Gemini Award-nominated CBC documentary Lost in the Struggle. Nguyen and Mark Simms spent 10 months following the lives of three troubled youth from the Jane and Finch neighborhood. The story was updated 6 years later in Lost in the Struggle: The Next Chapter, which aired on CBC on October 26, 2012. Lost in the Struggle: The Next Chapter (associate producer) (CBC Television, the fifth estate, 2012)
 Revealed: Missing the Target (associate producer) (Canwest Global/90th Parallel Prod., 2010)
 Goldhawk Live: What's in the future for Jane and Finch?(community associate producer) (Rogers TV, 2009)
  Ian Jones: Activist and Artist, How the Steelpan is Changing Lives (director) (Bravo!/Leda Serene Films, 2007)
 Give A 'Hood A Bad Name... (producer) (CBC Radio One, "Outfront" 2007)
 Lost in the Struggle (associate producer) (CBC Television, the fifth estate'', 2006)
 Racism: Wash it Away (director) (Racism. Stop It! National Video Competition/MuchMusic, 1999)

Awards

 2018: Nguyen was awarded a Canada's Volunteer Award from Minister of Families, Children and Social Development Jean-Yves Duclos for creating unique opportunities for the at-risk youth. 2018: Nguyen received the Canadian Ethnic Media Association (CEMA) Award for best podcast. 2017: Nguyen was awarded the Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers from Toronto Mayor John Tory for his efforts to eliminate racial discrimination through Jane-Finch.com. 2017: Nguyen was awarded the June Callwood Award from Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Laura Albanese. 2015: Nguyen was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal from Governor General David Johnston for his website in allowing area resident's voices to be heard.2012: Nguyen received the National Ethnic Press and Media Council of Canada Award from the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, David C. Onley, at the Ontario Legislative Building. 2012: Nguyen received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal from the Governor General of Canada, His Excellency the Right Honourable David Johnston and Prime Minister of Canada, The Right Honourable Stephen Harper, for fighting stereotypes and acting as role model and mentor for at risk youth. 2011: Nguyen received the Heritage Toronto Award of Excellence for preserving the living cultural history of the Jane-Finch neighbourhood. The 37th annual awards ceremony was held at Koerner Hall, the Royal Conservatory of Music. 2011: Nguyen received the Newcomer Champion Award from The Honourable Dr. Eric Hoskins, Minister of Citizenship and Immigration. He was recognized as a community leader in the Jane and Finch area who promotes civic engagement with at-risk youth. 2011: Nguyen received the Bobbie Resnick Philanthropy Award from the Toronto chapter of the International Association of Business Communicators (IABC/Toronto) for outstanding leadership and service to the community.2010: <mask> was granted the Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship. He was invested at Queen's Park by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, Canada, David C. Onley. 2010: <mask> received the Canadian Ethnic Media Association (CEMA) Award for best ethnic internet journalism in Canada. 2010: <mask> received the <mask>k Award for Multiculturalism for making significant contributions to multiculturalism in Canada from the Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism, The Honourable Jason Kenney, PC, MP. Nguyen received a $20,000 grant towards a non-profit organization of his choice. He was selected among 88 nominees across Canada. 2009: <mask> was honoured at the City of Toronto's Access, Equity and Human Rights Awards.Nguyen received the William P. Hubbard Award for Race Relations for outstanding achievement in fostering a positive race relations environment and the elimination of racism and prejudice in Toronto. The award was presented at Toronto City Hall by City Councillor Gord Perks and the Mayor of Toronto, David Miller. 1999: Nguyen was one of ten winners in Citizenship and Immigration Canada's Racism. Stop It! National Video Competition. His winning entry was broadcast nationally on MuchMusic. Nguyen was awarded by former Secretary of State for Multiculturalism and Status of Women, Dr. Hedy Fry.The winners were selected among 320 entries across Canada. The 1999 winners were brought to Toronto for a March 3 taping of the MuchMusic Stop Racism Concert and Video Awards Program. Short films
 Know Your Rights (executive producer), Jane-Finch.com (2010)
 Open Your Eyes (director) (2007)
 You Got Beef?

masks:
Paul Nguyen
Nguyen
Nguyen
Paula Todd
Paul Yu
Nguyen
Nguyen
Paul Nguyen
Paul Yuzy
Nguyen


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Edmund Richard "<mask><mask> (August 6, 1892 – August 23, 1962) was an American rodeo champion, film actor, film director, and producer. While acting and stunt work began as a sideline to <mask>'s focus on rodeo, he successfully transitioned from silent films to become a leading performer in Hollywood's growing cowboy film industry. During the period between World War I and World War II, he was second only to cowboy film legend Tom Mix as a box office draw. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Early life
Born <mask> in Tekamah, Nebraska, he learned to ride a horse as a young boy. His family moved to California when he was seven years old. As a teenager, he worked with horses on a ranch, which led to competition on bucking broncos at area rodeos.Given the nickname "Hoot Owl" by co-workers, the name evolved to just "<mask>". (Michael Wallis' book, The Real Wild West: The 101 Ranch and the Creation of the American West, says that <mask> "picked up the nickname '<mask>' while working as a bicycle messenger for Owl Drug Company." Dan L. Thrapp's Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography says that <mask> "is said to have been nicknamed because he once hunted owls in a cave.") <mask>, himself, stated in an episode of "You Bet Your Life" ( January 19. 1956), that he acquired the nickname "<mask>", when he used to look for hoot owls in caves as a child in Nebraska. Career
In 1910, film director Francis Boggs was looking for experienced cowboys to appear in his silent film Pride of the Range. <mask> and Tom Mix, another future star of Western films, were hired.<mask> made a second film for Boggs in 1911. After a deranged employee killed Boggs, director Jack Conway hired <mask> to appear in his 1912 Western His Only Son. Acting for <mask> was then a minor sideline, and he continued competing in rodeos to make a living. In 1912, he won the all-around championship at the famous Pendleton Round-Up in Pendleton, Oregon and the steer roping world championship at the Calgary Stampede. <mask>'s career was temporarily interrupted with service in the United States Army during World War I as a sergeant in the Tank Corps. When the war ended, he returned to the rodeo business and became good friends with Art Acord, a fellow cowboy and movie actor. The two participated in summer rodeo, then went back to Hollywood for the winter to do stunt work.For several years, <mask> had secondary film roles (primarily in Westerns) with stars such as Harry Carey. By 1921, the demand for cowboy pictures was so great, <mask> began receiving offers for leading roles. Some of these offers came from up-and-coming film director John Ford, with whom <mask> developed a lasting friendship and working relationship. Financial difficulties and later life

From the 1920s through the 1940s, <mask> was a major film attraction, ranking second only to Tom Mix as a Western film box-office draw. He successfully made the transition to sound films, and as a result, became a highly paid performer. After being released by Universal Pictures in the early 1930s, he signed a contract with the Poverty Row outfit Allied Pictures, making a series of profitable releases for the company. He appeared in his own comic books and was popular until singing cowboys such as Gene Autry and Roy Rogers displaced him.In 1927, <mask>, and five other California businessmen sponsored The Spirit of Los Angeles, a modification of the International CF-10 for an attempt at winning the Dole Air Derby. <mask> had his name painted on the nose for publicity. The aircraft crashed in the San Francisco Bay before the start of the race. In 1933, <mask> injured himself when he crashed his plane while racing cowboy star Ken Maynard in the National Air Races. Later, the two friends teamed to make a series of low-budget movies in the twilight of their careers. <mask>'s years of substantial earnings did not see him through his retirement. He had squandered much of his income on high living and poor investments.By the 1950s, <mask> faced financial ruin, in part due to costly medical bills from serious health problems. To get by and pay his bills, he earned money as a greeter at a Las Vegas casino. For a time, he worked in a carnival and took virtually any job his dwindling name value could obtain. At one point he hosted a booth at rodeos that encouraged ranchers to raise nutria. He also appeared in an episode of Groucho's You Bet Your Life, filmed in December 1955. He made the final game with his contestant, but did not win the big money, though he earned himself a share of the $440 prize money for the show. Personal life
On September 6, 1913, <mask> married Rose August Wenger, a rodeo performer.They had met at the Pendleton Round-Up in Oregon sometime between 1911 and 1913. Under the name <mask>, she became a major film star in her own right for a time, notably in the lead role of The Hazards of Helen. Census records for 1920 indicate they were living separately; <mask> <mask> listed himself as married; Helen listed herself as widowed. <mask> married vaudeville actress Helen Johnson on April 20, 1922, in Riverside, California. They had one child, Lois Charlotte <mask>. They were divorced on February 2, 1929, in Hollywood, California. The fact that <mask> <mask> was married to two consecutive women who used the name <mask> in some fashion has led to a good deal of confusion.<mask> married film actress Sally Eilers on June 28, 1930. The marriage ended in 1933. <mask> married a final time to Dorothy Dunstan, a 22-year-old yodeler, on July 3, 1942. Death
<mask> <mask> died of cancer in 1962 in Woodland Hills, California at age 70, and was interred in the Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California. Legacy
In 1960, for his contribution to film, <mask> was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was honored with a star at 1765 Vine Street in the Motion Pictures section. In 1979, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In popular culture
References to <mask> in American media include:

From Here to Eternity (1951): "'I wonder,' he said,' what ever happened to old <mask> <mask>?I can just barely remember him. My God, he had grey hair when I was just a kid." The Carpetbaggers (1961): "'The Bijou's got a new <mask> <mask> picture,' Tommy said." The Bullwinkle Show: <mask> <mask> is mentioned in "The Lion and the Aardvark" episode of Aesop and Son. The Beverly Hillbillies (1963): A phony relative Jake Clampett manipulates the Clampett family into pursuing Hollywood dreams in an attempt to further his own filmmaking ambitions. Granny is on to him when he isn't familiar with <mask> <mask>, but Jake wins her over by promising her a role in a Hoot <mask> picture. Petticoat Junction (1966): In Season 3 Episode 27, "Second Honeymoon", Charlie and Floyd (The Cannonball engineers) are discussing the poetic quote, "As each returning spring renews the promise of youth, so a second honeymoon renews the dream of love in two blissful hearts."Charlie attributes the quote to <mask> <mask>. Charlie adds, "He said it to his horse." Myra Breckinridge (1968): "More than ever was Buck, revoltingly, the Singin' Shootin' Cowboy, so inferior in every way to <mask> <mask>." Laverne & Shirley (1977): <mask> <mask> is mentioned in "Guilty Until Proven Not Innocent" Season 2 Episode 11. Shirley exclaims, "Good God! It’s the devil and <mask> <mask>!" Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe (1987): "Most of those guards are pretty simpleminded old boys ... they'll go to a picture show and see Tom Mix or <mask> <mask> and then they come back and ride around the farm, pulling their guns, trying to be cowboys."Filmography

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at b-westerns.com
 Photographs of <mask> <mask>

1892 births
1962 deaths
People from Tekamah, Nebraska
Male actors from Nebraska
American male film actors
American film producers
American male silent film actors
American stunt performers
Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery
Deaths from cancer in California
Male Western (genre) film actors
20th-century American male actors
All-Around
Roping (rodeo)
Articles containing video clips

masks:
Hoot
" Gibson
Gibson
Edmund Richard Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Hoot
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Helen Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Helen Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson
Hoot
Gibson


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First Lieutenant <mask> (June 10, 1919 – November 22, 1943) was an officer in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Gonzalez was the first Puerto Rican pilot in the United States Army Air Forces, one of the first to participate in the July 1943 invasion of Sicily, and the first Puerto Rican pilot to die in World War II. His name is listed on the "Roll of Honor" of the 314th Troop Carrier Group World War II and his hometown Adjuntas and the capital of Puerto Rico, San Juan, have honored his memory by naming a street after him. Early years
<mask> (birth name: <mask> ) was born to Felix Gonzalez and Augusta Cardona in the town of Adjuntas which is located in the mid-western section of Puerto Rico. He was one of five siblings who were raised in the family farm. <mask> received his primary and secondary education at Escuela Secundaria Armstrong and Ponce High School in the town of Ponce. His uncle wanted him to study engineering  at the University of Puerto Rico in Mayagüez, however he decided that he would prefer to become an aviator.<mask> saved the money which he earned while working with his uncle with the intention of going to an aviation school in California. <mask> made use of the Civilian Pilot Training Program, a federal program which came about with the approval of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938. The CPTP used the classrooms of the California Flyers School of Aviation at Inglewood, California, which was supported by government funds and which provided a pool of young civilian pilots who could be available for military service if war came. Executive Order 8974, which was signed on December 12, 1941, transferred the CPTP into a wartime program under the War Training Service (WTS). All WTS graduates were then required to sign a contract agreeing to enter the military following graduation. World War II
Upon the outbreak of World War II, <mask> joined the United States Army and was assigned to the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), a component of the United States Army, at Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he received advanced aviator training. The USAAF was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II.After completing his training he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant and assigned to the 12th Air Force / 52nd Troop Carrier Wing / 314 Troop Transport Group / 32nd Squadron. The 12th Air Force was established in the United States during World War II to be the Army Air Forces air component of Operation Torch. In 1942, the 12th Air Force initially moved to England for training. In November 1942, it was transferred to Tunisia under the command of Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz. The 314th Transport Group was activated on March 2, 1942 and renamed 314th Troop Carrier Group in July 1942. The 314th used C-47's and C-53's in preparing for duty overseas and was moved to French Morocco of the Mediterranean theater in May 1943 and assigned to the 12th Air Force. Operating in Tunisia, the 32nd TCS successfully flew its first airborne assault on Sicily.<mask> was one of the initial participants of the invasion of Sicily on July 10, 1943 also known as Operation Husky. He was the co-pilot of a C-53D Skytrain, a.k.a. Dakota, of which Captain Richard B. Ott was the pilot. The C-53D is a variant of the C-47 with the difference that it had a 24 Volt DC electrical system. During the invasion of Sicily, he flew on two night missions, the first on July 9, where his mission was to release paratroops of 82nd Airborne Division on the area of Gela and the second on July 11, when he dropped reinforcements in the area . His unit was awarded a "DUC" for carrying out this second mission in spite of bad weather and heavy attack by enemy ground and naval forces. A "DUC" award is a "Distinguished Unit Citation" or Badge, which now called the Presidential Unit Citation (PUC).The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and allies for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy. Several advanced landing airfields were built by United States Army engineers in the area around the city of Gela which was used by the 12th Air Force during the Italian Campaign. Death and legacy
On November 22, 1943, 2nd Lt. <mask>'s plane crashed during training off the end of the runway at Castelvetrano. Capt. Ott and the Crew Chief perished along with <mask>. <mask> was survived by his parents (both now deceased), his brothers Felix Augusto and Hernan <mask> (both now deceased) and his sisters Luz Virginia and Nilda <mask>. <mask> was posthumously promoted to First Lieutenant and on March 18, 1949, his body was interred with full military honors in the Puerto Rico National Cemetery, Section: A; Row: 0, Site: 175; in Bayamón, Puerto Rico.<mask>'s name is listed on the "Roll of Honor" of the 314th Troop Carrier Group World War II; 32nd, 50th, 61st, and 62nd Squadrons. His name is also inscribed on Panel 5; Line 12 in Puerto Rico's "Monumento de la Recordacion", a monument dedicated to the Puerto Ricans who have fallen in combat, which is located in front of the Capital Building in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Both his hometown and the Capital of Puerto Rico, San Juan, honored his memory by naming a street after him. Adjuntas named the street "Calle Cesar González" and San Juan "Teniente Cesar González's Ave."

Awards and decorations
Among <mask>'s awards and decorations were the following:

Awards:

Badges:
  WW II Army Air Force Pilot Badge

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
List of Puerto Rican military personnel
Military history of Puerto Rico
Puerto Ricans in World War II
Hispanics in the United States Air Force

Notes

Further reading
"Puertorriquenos Who Served With Guts, Glory, and Honor. Fighting to Defend a Nation Not Completely Their Own"; by : Greg Boudonck; ;

References

1919 births
1943 deaths
People from Adjuntas, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican United States Air Force personnel
Puerto Rican military officers
Puerto Rican people of Catalan descent
Recipients of the Air Medal
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II

masks:
César Luis González
González
César Luis González Cardona
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González


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<mask> (born 28 November 1948) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward, most notably for Southampton, and went on to represent the England national team in the 1970s. Scoring over 250 goals in his career, he also became known for his trademark windmill goal celebration. Channon later became a successful racehorse trainer. Football

Southampton
<mask> was born in Orcheston, Wiltshire and made his debut for Southampton as a 17-year-old in 1966, scoring in a match against Bristol City. Within three years he had established himself as the club's main goalscorer and was consistent in front of goal at a time when Southampton were one of the less fashionable teams in English football's First Division. However, despite a record season tally of 21 goals for Southampton in 1974, the club was relegated to the Second Division at the end of the season. Channon stayed loyal to Southampton despite obvious concerns for his international chances and was rewarded in 1976 which was a special year for Channon.Southampton were still in the Second Division but nevertheless enjoyed a dream run to the FA Cup final where they played Manchester United. Although Southampton were a lower division side, they were considerably more experienced than Manchester United's youthful team. Southampton won 1–0, with <mask> playing a part in the winning goal scored late in the game by Bobby Stokes. It was his first domestic honour in the game. Manchester City
In the 1977 close season, <mask> left Southampton — still in the Second Division — to join Manchester City in a £300,000 deal. His new club were making progress, having just finished second in the First Division behind champions Liverpool, but this was where they peaked and <mask> struggled to settle. He scored just 12 goals in his first season and 11 in his second.Return to Southampton
<mask> went back to Southampton (by now back in the First Division) in September 1979. Now in his thirties, he continued to play regularly though his goals ratio was not good in his second spell, with only ten coming in each of his first two seasons back at the club. He joined Newcastle United in 1982 after playing 510 games for Southampton over two spells, scoring a total of 185 goals placing him top of the club's list of all-time goalscorers. After Southampton
Channon lasted barely a month at Newcastle before joining Bristol Rovers. His impressive career seemingly on the decline, he failed to score in nine games for Bristol Rovers before a sudden departure again, this time to Norwich City where, at the age of 34, he found some of his old touch. He played 88 games over three seasons, scoring 16 goals, and suffered a mixed end to his Norwich career in 1985 when the club won the League Cup — Channon's second and final domestic honour — with a 1–0 win over Sunderland at Wembley, but were then relegated (with Sunderland) at the end of the same season. Channon joined Portsmouth and Finn Harps (where he played in one League of Ireland Cup game), before retiring from the game in 1986.England
Called up to make his debut for the England national team by Alf Ramsey in October 1972, Channon played well enough in a 1–1 draw with Yugoslavia at Wembley to be selected for the squads for two subsequent qualifying matches for the 1974 FIFA World Cup, although he wasn't eventually in the team for either. However, he won his second cap in a famous 5–0 hammering of Scotland at Hampden Park in February 1973, scoring his first goal in the process. As the year progressed, <mask> scored again in a match against Wales and then added a brace in a 7–0 thumping of Austria before he was picked by Ramsey for his first competitive match - a crucial and ultimately infamous World Cup qualifier against Poland at Wembley. If England didn't win, they wouldn't qualify for the tournament. <mask>, in his tenth England outing, was in an attacking line-up which spent pretty much the whole match in the Poland half, trying to break the deadlock. <mask> saw his own chances saved by the eccentric but inspired goalkeeper Jan Tomaszewski and the game ended 1–1. He played in a series of post-season friendlies for England, scoring in three of them and was kept in the side the following October as England began their campaign to qualify for the 1976 European Championships.<mask> scored in the game against Czechoslovakia as England won 3–0. <mask>'s next goal for England was a while coming — in September 1975 — as England beat Switzerland in a friendly. England had two qualifying games left at the end of the year for the 1976 European Championships and <mask> scored in both, but England lost 2–1 to the Czechs in Bratislava and then only drew 1–1 with Portugal in Lisbon. England failed to qualify and the Czechs went on to win the tournament. After winning an FA Cup medal in the 1976 Final, <mask> was back at Wembley days later to score twice in England's 4–0 win over Northern Ireland; he then scored again four days later against Scotland but England lost 2–1 at Hampden Park. There followed a summer tournament in the U.S. for the bi-centennial celebrations, and <mask> scored twice in a thrilling game against Italy as England came from two goals down to win 3–2. A fortnight later, <mask> scored again as England defeated Finland 4–1 in Helsinki to get their qualification campaign for the 1978 FIFA World Cup off to a perfect start, though this would be tempered a month later by a defeat against Italy in Rome.In March 1977, Channon scored twice as England beat Luxembourg at Wembley to get their World Cup campaign back on track; Luxembourg were the 'whipping boys' of the group and England would later need to demolish Luxembourg by a similar or better scoreline in Luxembourg to give themselves a chance of overhauling Italy and qualifying for the World Cup. Channon hit his 20th England goal in a 2–1 win over Northern Ireland in May 1977. A week later came another Channon goal against Scotland - this time from the penalty spot - but this proved an infamous England defeat as the Scots won 2–1 and their fans invaded the Wembley pitch in celebration, ripping up clods of souvenir turf and pulling down one of the crossbars. After an ill-fated move to Manchester City affected his form, Ron Greenwood chose to omit him from the starting line-up when England played the crucial World Cup qualifier in Luxembourg in October 1977. England won 2–0 and, despite victory over Italy in the last game of the campaign, the goals record was insufficient to take them to the World Cup. Channon was not selected for his country again; his international career ended with 46 appearances and a healthy 21 goals. England's failure to qualify for three major international tournaments during Channon's career leaves him as the most-capped player never to have been named to a World Cup or European Championships squad.As of 17 July 2018, he remains joint 18th in the all-time England scorers list, level with Kevin Keegan and Steven Gerrard. Horse racing
Channon always had an interest in horse racing during his football career. After retiring from full-time professional football in 1986, he began working as an assistant trainer, before becoming a licensed trainer in his own right in 1990. He initially had ten horses. He then moved to the West Ilsley stables near Newbury, formerly owned by the Queen, and began to increase his number of horses, eventually ending up with almost 200. In 2002, he ended the season with 123 winners, topping the 100-mark for the first time in his career. He is one of the sport's most respected trainers, though has yet to produce a winner of one of the British Classic Races.In May 2012, he produced his first Classic winner when Samitar took the Irish 1,000 Guineas. Among owners who have had their horses with Channon are old colleagues and acquaintances from his footballing days, including Kevin Keegan, Alan Ball, Chris Cattlin and Sir Alex Ferguson. Personal life
On 27 August 2008, Channon was involved and injured in a motorway accident on the M1. He was travelling from the Doncaster Sales to his West Ilsley stables in Berkshire when the accident happened. Channon was reported to have suffered a punctured lung and broken arm and jaw. During an interview with Clare Balding broadcast on BBC One on 3 January 2009, Channon spoke about how, as a result of the broken jaw, he was subsequently fitted with metal plates in his face. Bloodstock agent and friend Tim Corby died in the accident.He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 2001 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel while being interviewed at his West Ilsley racing stables near Newbury. Football honours

As a  player
Southampton
 FA Cup winner: 1976

Norwich City
 League Cup winner: 1985
 In 2002, Norwich fans voted Channon into the Norwich City F.C. Hall of Fame

Horse racing honours

Group 1 / Grade I wins
Great Britain
 Cheveley Park Stakes: Seazun (1999), Queen's Logic (2001)
 Dewhurst Stakes: Tobougg (2000)
 Falmouth Stakes: Music Show (2010)
 King's Stand Stakes: Piccolo (1995)
 Nunthorpe Stakes: Piccolo (1994)
 St. James's Palace Stakes: Zafeen (2003)
 Sun Chariot Stakes: Majestic Roi (2007)

Canada
 E. P. Taylor Stakes: Lahaleeb (2009)

France
 Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud: Youmzain (2008)
 Prix Morny: Silca's Sister (2005)
 Prix Rothschild: Ascension (2001)
 Prix de la Salamandre: Tobougg (2000)

Germany
 Preis von Europa:  Youmzain (2006)

Ireland
 Irish 1,000 Guineas: Samitar (2012)
 Moyglare Stud Stakes: Mail The Desert (2002)

Italy
 Gran Criterium: Nayarra (2011)
 Premio Lydia Tesio: Eva's Request (2009)
 Premio Roma : Imperial Dancer (2003)

References

Bibliography
<mask>, <mask> (1986). Man on the Run: An Autobiography. Arthur Barker. External links

Profile on englandfootballonline
Career information at ex-canaries.co.uk
Own website

1948 births
Living people
English footballers
England international footballers
England under-23 international footballers
English Football League players
First Division/Premier League top scorers
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Manchester City F.C.players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
League of Ireland players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
British horse trainers
Newcastle KB United players
Miramar Rangers AFC players
Cape Town City F.C. (NFL) players
Finn Harps F.C. players
English Football League representative players
Association football forwards
FA Cup Final players

masks:
Michael Roger Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Channon
Mick


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Sir <mask> (c.1497–1582) was an Irish politician and  judge  of the Tudor  era who held the office of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. He was also a member of the Privy Council of Ireland and was regarded by  three successive English monarchs as a valued  servant of the Crown. He was noted for  his integrity, but was criticised for remaining in office when  old age and illness  had made him  clearly unfit for his duties. He was
also  notable as the fifth of the six husbands of Jenet Sarsfield. Background and early career
He was the second son of <mask> of Dunsoghly Castle, Finglas,  and his wife  Catherine Bermingham. His  grandfathers, <mask> and Philip Bermingham, had presided respectively over the Court of Common Pleas and the Court of King's Bench. His precise date of birth is unknown but Elrington Ball believed  that he was at least 85 when he died.He joined the  Inner Temple and was Master of Revels there in 1518. He entered the service of Richard Delahide, Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas, who  had married his sister Jenet; Delahide arranged for  him  to be appointed a clerk  in the Common Pleas. He inherited Dunsoghly  sometime
before 1547. Dunsoghly Castle, Plunket's family  home

Political career
In the reign of King Edward VI he was  described as the right-hand man of the Lord Deputy of Ireland,  Sir Edward Bellingham, whom he served as Comptroller of the Household; his job included  such mundane tasks  as  providing beds and beer for the Deputy's entourage. He is also said to have enjoyed the confidence of the Lord Protector, the Duke of Somerset. Under Mary I he became a member of the Privy Council and sat on several legal commissions; he is said to have enjoyed  the Queen's personal goodwill. Mary's regard  for Plunket was shared by Elizabeth I who as soon as she succeeded her sister  as Queen appointed him  her Lord Chief Justice.Lord Chief Justice
He remained  a member of  the Privy  Council to the end of his  life,  and until his last years, when his health failed, was one of its most diligent members. In 1562 he went to England to report to the Queen on Irish affairs. In 1565,  after the long-standing feud between Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond and Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond had  erupted into the conflict  known as the Battle of Affane, Plunket was entrusted, together  with the Lord Justice of Ireland,  Sir Nicholas Arnold, with holding an inquiry into  the causes of the dispute, and in 1567 he  oversaw the  confiscation of certain of the Desmond properties. He was knighted the same year. During the cess controversy, where   almost all of the landowners of the Pale objected to the taxation  reforms proposed by  the  Lord Deputy, Sir Henry Sidney, Plunket was almost alone in supporting Sidney, and earned his gratitude as a result (although Sidney privately admitted that  he was concerned about  Plunket's   fitness for office,  in  view of his  age and failing health). Successive administrations praised Plunket's  diligence and incorruptibility. However,  from  about 1577  complaints  were increasingly  made about  his unfitness for office due to  his great age and ill health: he was called "an old man, and evil able to attend his place with diligence".As a judge he was less well regarded than as an administrator: he was accused of seriously neglecting his official duties, and of treating the Chief Justiceship as a sinecure. Last years and death
He remained in office until his death, by which time he was well into his 80s, and said to be infirm  and blind. Although his third marriage to the much-married Jenet Sarsfield  (who had already buried four husbands,  and would marry one more time)   seems to have been happy enough, he was troubled by a long lawsuit between Jenet and her stepson Edward Cusack. Not surprisingly he took his wife's side  in the dispute and was accused by Edward of corruption as a result, to which charge he indignantly replied that he had served the Queen uprightly since the beginning of her reign and had never  in his life written anything but the  truth. After a long decline in health, he died in 1582. In his will  he noted that the money which Jenet had brought him left him "none the richer"; however he lists among his valuables an impressive collection of silver. He was noted for charitable works:  he built two chapels, and a room over a local mineral spring.One of the chapels contains a carving on which the initials of <mask>  and Jenet are visible. Although he was outwardly a member of the Church of Ireland, (his sister, Margaret, married <mask>,  Archbishop of Armagh),  he is said to have practised the Roman Catholic faith in private. Family
Plunket married firstly Elizabeth Preston;  secondly Catherine, sister of Sir Thomas Luttrell;  and thirdly Jenet Sarsfield. All his children were from his marriage to Catherine Luttrell. They were:
James, who married Catherine FitzWilliam, daughter of Sir Thomas FitzWilliam of Merrion Castle and had issue including Christopher; after his death she remarried Christopher Preston, 4th Viscount Gormanston, and died in 1602;
Robert, who married Anne Plunket;
Alice, who married Richard Netterville, and died in 1607;
Janet who married firstly Thomas Marward, titular Baron Skryne, and secondly Nicholas Nugent;
Anne, who married Wiliam Bermingham;
an unnamed daughter who married Barnaby Skurlock. James predeceased him and Dunsoghly passed to his grandson Sir <mask>. Character
Plunket was a popular and respected figure, known as "good Sir <mask>nket", and he seems to have  had remarkably few enemies.Despite the attack on his probity  by Edward Cusack he was much praised for his integrity. Only in his last years was he criticised for clinging to office when he was clearly unfit for it, and of seriously neglecting his official duties. A certain arrogance about his family's lineage was considered to be one of his few faults. References

Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
1497 births
1582 deaths
Lawyers from Dublin (city)
16th-century Irish judges
People of Elizabethan Ireland
Lords Chief Justice of Ireland

masks:
John Plunket
Christopher Plunket
Thomas Plunket
John
John Garvey
Christopher Plunket
John Plu