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 debuted atop the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 1.1 million copies. The album sold eight million copies worldwide and received three Grammy nominations, including <mask>'s third consecutive nomination for Album of the Year. Rolling Stone listed it among "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time" in 2020. Born This Ways following singles were "You and I" and "Marry the Night", which reached numbers six and 29 in the US, respectively. While filming the former's music video, <mask> met and started dating actor Taylor Kinney in July 2011, who played her love interest.She also embarked on the Born This Way Ball tour in April 2012, which was scheduled to conclude the following March, but ended one month earlier when <mask> canceled the remaining dates due to a labral tear of her right hip that required surgery. While refunds for the cancellations were estimated to be worth $25 million, the tour grossed $183.9 million globally. In 2011, <mask> also worked with Tony Bennett on a jazz version of "The Lady Is a Tramp", with Elton John on "Hello Hello" for the animated feature film Gnomeo & Juliet, and with The Lonely Island and Justin Timberlake on "3-Way (The Golden Rule)". She also performed a concert at the Sydney Town Hall in Australia that year to promote Born This Way and to celebrate former US President Bill Clinton's 65th birthday. In November, she was featured in a Thanksgiving television special titled A Very Gaga Thanksgiving, which attracted 5.7 million American viewers and spawned the release of her fourth EP, A Very Gaga Holiday. In 2012, <mask> guest-starred as an animated version of herself in an episode of The Simpsons called "Lisa Goes Gaga", and released her first fragrance, Lady Gaga Fame, followed by a second one, Eau de Gaga, in 2014. <mask> began work on her third studio album, Artpop, in early 2012, during the Born This Way Ball tour; she crafted the album to mirror "a night at the club".In August 2013, <mask> released the album's lead single "Applause", which reached number one in Hungary, number four in the US, and number five in the UK. A lyric video for Artpop track "Aura" followed in October to accompany Robert Rodriguez's Machete Kills, where she plays an assassin named La Chameleon. The film received generally negative reviews and earned less than half of its $33 million budget. The second Artpop single, "Do What U Want", featured singer R. Kelly and was released later that month, topping the charts in Hungary and reaching number 13 in the US. Artpop was released on November 6, 2013, to mixed reviews. Helen Brown in The Daily Telegraph criticized <mask> for making another album about her fame and doubted the record's originality, but found it "great for dancing". The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, and sold more than 2.5 million copies worldwide as of July 2014."G.U.Y." was released as the third single in March 2014 and peaked at number 76 in the US. <mask> hosted an episode of Saturday Night Live in November 2013. After holding her second Thanksgiving Day television special on ABC, <mask> and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular, she performed a special rendition of "Do What U Want" with Christina Aguilera on the fifth season of the American reality talent show The Voice. In March 2014, <mask> had a seven-day concert residency commemorating the last performance at New York's Roseland Ballroom before its closure. Two months later, she embarked on the ArtRave: The Artpop Ball tour, building on concepts from her ArtRave promotional event. Earning $83 million, the tour included cities canceled from the Born This Way Ball tour itinerary.In the meantime, <mask> split from longtime manager Troy Carter over "creative differences", and by June 2014, she and new manager Bobby Campbell joined Artist Nation, the artist management division of Live Nation Entertainment. She briefly appeared in Rodriguez's Sin City: A Dame to Kill For, and was confirmed as Versace's spring-summer 2014 ambassador with a campaign called "Lady Gaga For Versace". In September 2014, <mask> released a collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek. The inspiration behind the album came from her friendship with Bennett, and fascination with jazz music since her childhood. Before the album was released, it produced the singles "Anything Goes" and "I Can't Give You Anything but Love". Cheek to Cheek received generally favorable reviews; The Guardians Caroline Sullivan praised <mask>'s vocals and Howard Reich of the Chicago Tribune wrote that "Cheek to Cheek serves up the real thing, start to finish". The record was <mask>'s third consecutive number-one album on the Billboard 200, and won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album.The duo recorded the concert special Tony Bennett and <mask>: Cheek to Cheek Live!, and embarked on the Cheek to Cheek Tour from December 2014 to August 2015. 2015–2017: American Horror Story, Joanne, and Super Bowl performances
In February 2015, <mask> became engaged to Taylor Kinney. After the lukewarm response to Artpop, <mask> began to reinvent her image and style. According to Billboard, this shift started with the release of Cheek to Cheek and the attention she received for her performance at the 87th Academy Awards, where she sang a medley of songs from The Sound of Music in a tribute to Julie Andrews. Considered one of her best performances by Billboard, it triggered more than 214,000 interactions per minute globally on Facebook. She and Diane Warren co-wrote the song "Til It Happens to You" for the documentary The Hunting Ground, which earned them the Satellite Award for Best Original Song and an Academy Award nomination in the same category. <mask> won Billboard Woman of the Year and Contemporary Icon Award at the 2015 Annual Songwriters Hall of Fame Awards.<mask> had spent much of her early life wanting to be an actress, and achieved her goal when she starred in American Horror Story: Hotel. Running from October 2015 to January 2016, Hotel is the fifth season of the television anthology horror series, American Horror Story, in which <mask> played a hotel owner named Elizabeth. At the 73rd Golden Globe Awards, <mask> received the Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film award for her work on the season. She appeared in Nick Knight's 2015 fashion film for Tom Ford's 2016 spring campaign and was guest editor for V fashion magazine's 99th issue in January 2016, which featured 16 different covers. She received Editor of the Year award at the Fashion Los Angeles Awards. In February 2016, <mask> sang the US national anthem at Super Bowl 50, partnered with Intel and Nile Rodgers for a tribute performance to the late David Bowie at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards, and sang "Til It Happens to You" at the 88th Academy Awards, where she was introduced by Joe Biden and was accompanied on-stage by 50 people who had suffered from sexual assault. She was honored that April with the Artist Award at the Jane Ortner Education Awards by The Grammy Museum, which recognizes artists who have demonstrated passion and dedication to education through the arts.Her engagement to Taylor Kinney ended in July; she later said her career had interfered with their relationship. <mask> played a witch named Scathach in American Horror Story: Roanoke, the series' sixth season, which ran from September to November 2016. Her role in the fifth season of the show ultimately influenced her future music, prompting her to feature "the art of darkness". In September 2016, she released her fifth album's lead single, "Perfect Illusion", which topped the charts in France and reached number 15 in the US. The album, titled Joanne, was named after <mask>'s late aunt, who was an inspiration for the music. It was released on October 21, 2016, and became <mask>'s fourth number one album on the Billboard 200, making her the first woman to reach the US chart's summit four times in the 2010s. The album's second single, "Million Reasons", followed the next month and reached number four in the US.She later released a piano version of the album's title track in 2018, which won a Grammy for Best Pop Solo Performance. To promote the album, <mask> embarked on the three-date Dive Bar Tour. <mask> performed as the headlining act during the Super Bowl LI halftime show on February 5, 2017. Her performance featured a group of hundreds of lighted drones forming various shapes in the sky above Houston's NRG Stadium—the first time robotic aircraft appeared in a Super Bowl program. It attracted 117.5 million viewers in the United States, exceeding the game's 113.3 million viewers. The performance led to a surge of 410,000 song downloads in the United States for <mask> and earned her an Emmy nomination in the Outstanding Special Class Program category. CBS Sports included her performance as the second best in the history of Super Bowl halftime shows.In April, <mask> headlined the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. She also released a standalone-single, "The Cure", which reached the top 10 in Australia. In August, <mask> began the Joanne World Tour, which she announced after the Super Bowl LI halftime show. <mask>'s creation of Joanne and preparation for her halftime show performance were featured in the documentary <mask>: Five Foot Two, which premiered on Netflix that September. Throughout the film, she was seen suffering from chronic pain, which was later revealed to be the effect of a long-term condition called fibromyalgia. In February 2018, it prompted <mask> to cancel the last ten shows of the Joanne World Tour, which ultimately grossed $95 million from 842,000 tickets sold. 2018–2020: A Star Is Born, Vegas residency, and Chromatica
In March 2018, <mask> supported the March for Our Lives gun-control rally in Washington, D.C., and released a cover of Elton John's "Your Song" for his tribute album Revamp.Later that year, she starred as struggling singer Ally in Bradley Cooper's musical romantic drama A Star Is Born, a remake of the 1937 film of the same name. The film follows Ally's relationship with singer Jackson Maine (played by Cooper), which becomes strained after her career begins to overshadow his. It received acclaim from critics, with a consensus that the movie had "appealing leads, deft direction, and an affecting love story". Cooper approached <mask> after seeing her perform at a cancer research fundraiser. An admirer of Cooper's work, <mask> agreed to the project due to its portrayal of addiction and depression. A Star Is Born premiered at the 2018 Venice Film Festival, and was released worldwide that October. <mask>'s performance was acclaimed by film critics, with Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian labeling the film "outrageously watchable" and stating that "<mask>'s ability to be part ordinary person, part extraterrestrial celebrity empress functions at the highest level"; Stephanie Zacharek of Time magazine similarly highlighted her "knockout performance" and found her to be "charismatic" without her usual makeup, wigs and costumes.For the role, <mask> won the National Board of Review and Critics' Choice awards for Best Actress, in addition to receiving nominations for the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actress. <mask> and Cooper co-wrote and produced most of the songs on the soundtrack for A Star Is Born, which she insisted they perform live in the film. Its lead single, "Shallow", performed by the two, was released on September 27, 2018 and topped the charts in various countries including Australia, the UK and the US. The soundtrack contains 34 tracks, including 17 original songs, and received generally positive reviews; Mark Kennedy of The Washington Post called it a "five-star marvel" and Ben Beaumont-Thomas of The Guardian termed it an "instant classics full of <mask>'s emotional might". Commercially, the soundtrack debuted at number one in the US, making <mask> the first woman with five US number-one albums in the 2010s, and breaking her tie with Taylor Swift as the most for any female artist this decade; Swift tied with her again in 2019. It additionally topped the charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Switzerland and the UK. As of June 2019, the soundtrack had sold over six million copies worldwide.The album won <mask> four Grammy Awards—Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Best Song Written for Visual Media for "Shallow", as well as the latter category for "I'll Never Love Again"—and a BAFTA Award for Best Film Music. "Shallow" also won her the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, and Critics' Choice Award for Best Original Song. In October, <mask> announced her engagement to talent agent Christian Carino whom she had met in early 2017. They ended the engagement in February 2019. <mask> signed a concert residency, named Lady Gaga Enigma + Jazz & Piano, to perform at the MGM Park Theater in Las Vegas. The residency consists of two types of shows: Enigma, which focused on theatricality and included <mask>'s biggest hits, and Jazz & Piano, which involved tracks from the Great American Songbook and stripped-down versions of <mask>'s songs. The Enigma show opened in December 2018 and the Jazz & Piano in January 2019.<mask> launched her vegan makeup line, Haus Laboratories, in September 2019 exclusively on Amazon. Consisting of 40 products, including liquid eyeliners, lip glosses and face mask sticker, it reached number-one on Amazon's list of best-selling lipsticks. In February 2020, <mask> began a relationship with entrepreneur Michael Polansky. <mask>'s sixth studio album, Chromatica, was released on May 29, 2020, to positive reviews. It debuted atop the US charts, becoming her sixth consecutive number-one album in the country, and reached the top spot in more than a dozen other territories including Australia, Canada, France, Italy and the UK. Chromatica was preceded by two singles, "Stupid Love", on February 28, 2020, and "Rain on Me", with Ariana Grande, on May 22. The latter won the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, and debuted at number one in the US, making <mask> the third person to top the country's chart in the 2000s, 2010s and 2020s.At the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards, <mask> won five awards, including the inaugural Tricon Award recognizing artists accomplished in different areas of the entertainment industry. In September 2020, she appeared in the video campaign for Valentino's Voce Viva fragrance, singing a stripped-down version of Chromatica track "Sine from Above", along with a group of models. 2021–present: Love for Sale and House of Gucci

During the inauguration of Joe Biden as the 46th President of the United States on January 20, 2021, <mask> sang the US national anthem. In February 2021, her dog walker Ryan Fischer was hospitalized after getting shot in Hollywood. Two of her French

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Influences

<mask> grew up listening to artists such as Michael Jackson, the Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, Mariah Carey, the Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin, Whitney Houston, Elton John, Christina Aguilera, Blondie and Garbage, who have all influenced her music. <mask>'s musical inspiration varies from dance-pop singers such as Madonna and Michael Jackson to glam rock artists such as David Bowie and Freddie Mercury, as well as the theatrics of the pop artist Andy Warhol and her own performance roots in musical theater. She has been compared to Madonna, who has said that she sees herself reflected in <mask>. <mask> says that she wants to revolutionize pop music as Madonna has. <mask> has also cited heavy metal bands as an influence, specifically Iron Maiden, Black Sabbath and Marilyn Manson. She credits Beyoncé as a key inspiration to pursue a musical career.<mask> was inspired by her mother to be interested in fashion, which she now says is a major influence and integrated with her music. Stylistically, <mask> has been compared to Leigh Bowery, Isabella Blow, and Cher; she once commented that as a child, she absorbed Cher's fashion sense and made it her own. She considers Donatella Versace her muse and the British fashion designer Alexander McQueen as an inspiration. In turn, Versace calls <mask> "the fresh Donatella". <mask> has also been influenced by Princess Diana, whom she has admired since her childhood. <mask> has called the Indian alternative medicine advocate Deepak Chopra a "true inspiration", and has also quoted Indian leader Osho's book Creativity on Twitter. <mask> says she was influenced by Osho's work in valuing rebellion through creativity and equality.Musical style and themes
Critics have analyzed and scrutinized <mask>'s musical and performance style, as she has experimented with new ideas and images throughout her career. She says the continual reinvention is "liberating" herself, which she has been drawn to since childhood. <mask> is a contralto, with a range spanning from B2 to B5. She has changed her vocal style regularly, and considers Born This Way "much more vocally up to par with what I've always been capable of". In summing up her voice, Entertainment Weekly wrote: "There's an immense emotional intelligence behind the way she uses her voice. Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power." <mask>'s songs have been called "depthless" by writer Camille Paglia in The Sunday Times, but according to Evan Sawdey of PopMatters, she "does manage to get you moving and grooving at an almost effortless pace".<mask> believes that "all good music can be played on a piano and still sound like a hit". Simon Reynolds wrote in 2010, "Everything about <mask> came from electroclash, except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with Auto-Tune and undergirded with R&B-ish beats." <mask>'s songs have covered a wide variety of concepts; The Fame discusses the lust for stardom, while the follow-up The Fame Monster expresses fame's dark side through monster metaphors. The Fame is an electropop and dance-pop album that has influences of 1980s pop and 1990s Europop, whereas The Fame Monster displays <mask>'s taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky ABBA disco, and sugary throwbacks like Stacey Q". Born This Way has lyrics in English, French, German, and Spanish and features themes common to <mask>'s controversial songwriting such as sex, love, religion, money, drugs, identity, liberation, sexuality, freedom, and individualism. The album explores new genres, such as electronic rock and techno. The themes in Artpop revolve around <mask>'s personal views of fame, love, sex, feminism, self-empowerment, overcoming addiction, and reactions to media scrutiny.Billboard describes Artpop as "coherently channeling R&B, techno, disco and rock music". With Cheek to Cheek, <mask> dabbled in the jazz genre. Joanne, exploring the genres of country, funk, pop, dance, rock, electronic music and folk, was influenced by her personal life. The A Star Is Born soundtrack contains elements of blues rock, country and bubblegum pop. Billboard says its lyrics are about wanting change, its struggle, love, romance, and bonding, describing the music as "timeless, emotional, gritty and earnest. They sound like songs written by artists who, quite frankly, are supremely messed up but hit to the core of the listener." On Chromatica, <mask> returned to her dance-pop roots, and discussed her struggles with mental health.Her second album with Tony Bennett, Love for Sale, consists of a tribute to Cole Porter. Videos and stage

Featuring constant costume changes and provocative visuals, <mask>'s music videos are often described as short films. The video for "Telephone" earned <mask> the Guinness World Record for Most Product Placement in a Video. According to author Curtis Fogel, she explores bondage and sadomasochism and highlights prevalent feminist themes. The main themes of her music videos are sex, violence, and power. She calls herself "a little bit of a feminist" and asserts that she is "sexually empowering women". Billboard ranked her sixth on its list of "The 100 Greatest Music Video Artists of All Time" in 2020, stating that "the name '<mask>' will forever be synonymous with culture-shifting music videos."<mask> has called herself a perfectionist when it comes to her elaborate shows. Her performances have been described as "highly entertaining and innovative"; the blood-spurting performance of "Paparazzi" at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was described as "eye-popping" by MTV News. She continued the blood-soaked theme during The Monster Ball Tour, causing protests in England from family groups and fans in the aftermath of the Cumbria shootings, in which a taxi driver had killed 12 people, then himself. At the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, <mask> appeared in drag as her male alter ego, Jo Calderone, and delivered a lovesick monologue before a performance of her song "You and I". As <mask>'s choreographer and creative director, Laurieann Gibson provided material for her shows and videos for four years before she was replaced by her assistant Richard Jackson in 2014. In an October 2018 article for Billboard, Rebecca Schiller traced back <mask>'s videography from "Just Dance" to the release of A Star Is Born. Schiller noted how, following the Artpop era, <mask>'s stripped-down approach to music was reflected in the clips for the singles from Joanne, taking the example of the music video of lead single "Perfect Illusion" where the singer "[ditched] the elaborate outfits for shorts and a tee-shirt as she performed the song at a desert party".It continued with her performances in the film as well as her stage persona. Public image

Public reception of her music, fashion sense, and persona is polarized. Because of her influence on modern culture, and her rise to global fame, sociologist Mathieu Deflem of the University of South Carolina has offered a course titled "Lady Gaga and the Sociology of the Fame" since early 2011 with the objective of unraveling "some of the sociologically relevant dimensions of the fame of <mask>". When <mask> met briefly with then-president Barack Obama at a Human Rights Campaign fundraiser, he found the interaction "intimidating" as she was dressed in 16-inch heels, making her the tallest woman in the room. When interviewed by Barbara Walters for her annual ABC News special 10 Most Fascinating People in 2009, <mask> dismissed the claim that she is intersex as an urban legend. Responding to a question on this issue, she expressed her fondness for androgyny. In a 2010 Sunday Times article, Camille Paglia called <mask> "more an identity thief than an erotic taboo breaker, a mainstream manufactured product who claims to be singing for the freaks, the rebellious and the dispossessed when she is none of those".<mask>'s outlandish fashion sense has also served as an important aspect of her character. During her early career, members of the media compared her fashion choices to those of Christina Aguilera. In 2011, 121 women gathered at the Grammy Awards dressed in costumes similar to those worn by <mask>, earning the 2011 Guinness World Record for Largest Gathering of Lady Gaga Impersonators. The Global Language Monitor named "<mask>" as the Top Fashion Buzzword with her trademark "no pants" a close third. Entertainment Weekly put her outfits on its end of the decade "best-of" list, saying that she "brought performance art into the mainstream". People ranked her number one on their "Best Dressed Stars of 2021" list, writing that <mask> "strutted the streets in high-fashion designs, from a sculptural seersucker number to a black lace corseted gown—accessorizing each with elegant updos, sky-high heels and retro shades—like it was no sweat." Time placed <mask> on their All-Time 100 Fashion Icons list, stating: "<mask> is just as notorious for her outrageous style as she is for her pop hits ... [<mask>] has sported outfits made from plastic bubbles, Kermit the Frog dolls, and raw meat."<mask> wore a dress made of raw beef to the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, which was supplemented by boots, a purse, and a hat also made out of raw beef. Partly awarded in recognition of the dress, Vogue named her one of the Best Dressed people of 2010 and Time named the dress the Fashion Statement of the year. It attracted the attention of worldwide media; the animal rights organization PETA found it offensive. The meat dress was displayed at the National Museum of Women in the Arts in 2012, and entered the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in September 2015. <mask>'s fans call her "Mother Monster", and she often refers to them as "Little Monsters", a phrase which she had tattooed on herself in dedication. In his article "Lady Gaga Pioneered Online Fandom Culture As We Know It" for Vice, Jake Hall wrote that <mask> inspired several subsequent fan-brandings, such as those of Taylor Swift, Rihanna and Justin Bieber. In July 2012, <mask> also co-founded the social networking service LittleMonsters.com, devoted to her fans.According to Guinness World Records, she was the most followed person on Twitter from 2011 to 2013, the most famous celebrity in 2013, and the most powerful popstar in 2014. She was included on Forbes Celebrity 100 from 2010 to 2015 and then from 2018 to 2020, having topped the list in 2011. She earned $62 million, $90 million, $52 million, $80 million, $33 million, and $59 million from 2010 through 2015, and $50 million, $39 million and $38 million between 2018 and 2020. <mask> also appeared on their list of the World's Most Powerful Women from 2010 to 2014. She was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2010 and 2019, and ranked second in its most influential people of the past ten years readers' poll in 2013. Billboard named <mask> the Greatest Pop Star in 2009, and gave her an honorable mention in 2010 and 2011. In March 2012, <mask> was ranked fourth on Billboards list of top moneymakers of 2011 with earnings of $25 million, which included sales from Born This Way and her Monster Ball Tour.The following year, she topped Forbes List of Top-Earning Celebs Under 30, which she also topped in 2011, and in February 2016, the magazine estimated her net worth to be $275 million. In December 2019, <mask> placed 10th on Forbes list of Top-Earning Musicians of the Decade with earnings of $500 million in the 2010s. She was the fourth highest-earning female musician on the list. Activism

Philanthropy
After declining an invitation to appear on the single "We Are the World 25 for Haiti", because of rehearsals for her tour, to benefit victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, <mask> donated the proceeds of her January 2010 Radio City Music Hall concert to the country's reconstruction relief fund. All profits from her online store that day were also donated, and <mask> announced that $500,000 was collected for the fund. Hours after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami hit Japan, <mask> tweeted a link to Japan Prayer Bracelets. All revenue from a bracelet she designed in conjunction with the company was donated to relief efforts; these raised $1.5 million.In June 2011, <mask> performed at MTV Japan's charity show in Makuhari Messe, which benefited the Japanese Red Cross. In 2012,

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 <mask> joined the campaign group Artists Against Fracking. That October, Yoko Ono gave <mask> and four other activists the LennonOno Grant for Peace in Reykjavík, Iceland. The following month, <mask> pledged to donate $1 million to the American Red Cross to help the victims of Hurricane Sandy. <mask> also contributes in the fight against HIV and AIDS, focusing on educating young women about the risks of the disease. In collaboration with Cyndi Lauper, <mask> joined forces with MAC Cosmetics to launch a line of lipstick under their supplementary cosmetic line, Viva Glam. Sales have raised more than $202 million to fight HIV and AIDS.In April 2016, <mask> joined Vice President Joe Biden at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas to support Biden's It's On Us campaign as he traveled to colleges on behalf of the organization, which has seen 250,000 students from more than 530 colleges sign a pledge of solidarity and activism. Two months later, <mask> attended the 84th Annual US Conference of Mayors in Indianapolis where she joined with the Dalai Lama to talk about the power of kindness and how to make the world a more compassionate place. Due to her meeting with Dalai Lama, the Chinese government added <mask> to a list of hostile foreign forces, and Chinese websites and media organizations were ordered to stop uploading or distributing her songs. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China (CCPPD) also issued an order for state-controlled media to condemn this meeting. In April 2020, <mask> curated the televised benefit concert, One World: Together at Home, a collaboration with Global Citizen to benefit the World Health Organization's COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund. The special raised $127 million, which according to Forbes "puts it on par with the other legendary fundraiser, Live Aid, as the highest grossing charity concert in history." In recognition of her contribution to the Black Lives Matter movement, <mask> received the Yolanda Denise King High Ground Award from the King Center's Beloved Community Awards in January 2021.In her acceptance speech, she denounced racism and white supremacy and addressed her social responsibility as a high-profile artist and white woman. Born This Way Foundation

In 2012, <mask> launched the Born This Way Foundation (BTWF), a non-profit organization that focuses on youth empowerment. It takes its name from her 2011 single and album. Media proprietor Oprah Winfrey, writer Deepak Chopra, and US Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius spoke at the foundation's inauguration at Harvard University. The foundation's original funding included $1.2 million from <mask>, $500,000 from the MacArthur Foundation, and $850,000 from Barneys New York. In July 2012, the BTWF partnered with Office Depot, which donated 25% of the sales, a minimum of $1 million of a series of limited edition back-to-school products. The foundation's initiatives have included the "Born Brave Bus" that followed her on tour as a youth drop-in center as an initiative against bullying.In October 2015, at the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, <mask> joined 200 high school students, policy makers, and academic officials, including Peter Salovey, to discuss ways to recognize and channel emotions for positive outcomes. In 2016, the foundation partnered with Intel, Vox Media, and Recode to fight online harassment. The sales revenue of the 99th issue of the V magazine, which featured <mask> and Kinney, was donated to the foundation. <mask> and Elton John released the clothing and accessories line Love Bravery at Macy's in May. 25% of each purchase support <mask>'s foundation and the Elton John AIDS Foundation. <mask> partnered with Starbucks for a week in June 2017 with the "Cups of Kindness" campaign, where the company donated 25 cents from some of the beverages sold to the foundation. She also appeared in a video by Staples Inc. to raise funds for the foundation and DonorsChoose.org.On the 2018 World Kindness Day, <mask> partnered with the foundation to bring food and relief to a Red Cross shelter for people who have been forced to evacuate homes due to the California wildfires. The foundation also partnered with Starbucks and SoulCycle to thank California firefighters for their relief work during the crisis. The singer had to previously evacuate her own home during the Woolsey Fire which spread through parts of Malibu. In March 2019, she penned a letter to supporters of the Born This Way Foundation, announcing the launch of a new pilot program for a teen mental health first aid project with the National Council for Behavioral Health. <mask> revealed her personal struggles with mental health in her letter and how she was able to get support which saved her life: "I know what it means to have someone support me and understand what I'm going through, and every young person in the world should have someone to turn to when they're hurting. It saved my life, and it will save theirs." In September 2020, <mask> released an anthology book, Channel Kindness: Stories of Kindness and Community, featuring fifty-one stories about kindness, bravery, and resilience from young people all over the world collected by the Born This Way Foundation, and introduced by herself.She had been promoting it with a 21 days of kindness challenge on her social media, using the "BeKind21" hashtag. In 2021, <mask> collaborated with the Champagne house Dom Pérignon to release a limited edition of Rosé Vintage 2005 bottles along with a sculpture designed by her. The 110 exclusive pieces will be sold at private sales, and the profits will benefit the foundation. On the 2021 World Kindness Day, <mask> released a 30-minute special, titled The Power of Kindness, as part of the foundation's Channel Kindness program, in which together with a mental health expert and a group of eleven young people, she explored the connection between kindness and mental health. LGBT advocacy

<mask> is a bisexual woman and actively supports LGBT rights worldwide. She attributes much of her early success as a mainstream artist to her gay fans and is considered a gay icon. Early in her career she had difficulty getting radio airplay, and stated, "The turning point for me was the gay community."She thanked FlyLife, a Manhattan-based LGBT marketing company with whom her label Interscope works, in the liner notes of The Fame. One of her first televised performances was in May 2008 at the NewNowNext Awards, an awards show aired by the LGBT television network Logo. <mask> spoke at the 2009 National Equality March in Washington in support of the LGBT movement. She attended the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards accompanied by four gay and lesbian former members of the United States Armed Forces who had been unable to serve openly under the US military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy, which banned open homosexuality in the military. <mask> urged her fans via YouTube to contact their senators in an effort to overturn the policy. In September 2010, she spoke at a Servicemembers Legal Defense Network's rally in Portland, Maine. Following this event, The Advocate named her a "fierce advocate" for gays and lesbians.<mask> appeared at Europride, an international event dedicated to LGBT pride, in Rome in June 2011. She criticized the poor state of gay rights in many European countries and described gay people as "revolutionaries of love". Later that year, she was referenced by teenager Jamey Rodemeyer in the hours prior to his death, with Rodemeyer having tweeted "@ladygaga bye mother monster, thank you for all you have done, paws up forever". Rodemeyer's suicide prompted <mask> to meet with then-President Barack Obama in order to address anti-gay bullying in US schools. In 2011, she was also ordained as a minister by the Universal Life Church Monastery so that she could officiate the wedding of two female friends. In June 2016, during a vigil held in Los Angeles for victims of the attack at the gay nightclub Pulse in Orlando, <mask> read aloud the names of the 49 people killed in the attack, and gave a speech. Later that month, <mask> appeared in Human Rights Campaign's tribute video to the victims of the attack.She opposed the presidency of Donald Trump and his military transgender ban. She supported former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for president in 2016. In 2018, a leaked memo from Trump's office revealed that his administration wanted to change the legal definition of sex to exclude transgender Americans. <mask> was one of the many celebrities to call him out and spread the #WontBeErased campaign to her 77 million Twitter followers. In January 2019, during one of her Enigma shows, she criticized Vice President Mike Pence for his wife Karen Pence working at an evangelical Christian school where LGBTQ people are turned away, calling him "the worst representation of what it means to be a Christian". <mask> also stated "I am a Christian woman, and what I do know about Christianity is that we bear no prejudice, and everybody is welcome". Impact

<mask> was named the "Queen of Pop" in a 2011 ranking by Rolling Stone based on record sales and social media metrics.In 2012, she ranked fourth in VH1's Greatest Women in Music and became a feature of the temporary exhibition The Elevated. From the Pharaoh to <mask>, which marked the 150th anniversary of the National Museum in Warsaw. <mask> has often been regarded as a trailblazer for using controversy to bring attention to various issues. According to Frankie Graddon of The Independent, <mask>—who wore a meat dress to highlight her distaste for the US military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy—influenced protest dressing on red carpet. Because of The Fame success—it was listed as one of the 100 Greatest Debut Albums of All-Time by Rolling Stone in 2013—<mask> has been credited as one of the musicians that popularized synthpop in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Scott Hardy, CEO of Polaroid, praised <mask> for inspiring fans and for her close interactions with them on social media. According to Kelefa Sanneh of The New Yorker, "<mask> blazed a trail for truculent pop stars by treating her own celebrity as an evolving art project."Including Born This Way as one of the 50 best female albums of all time, Rolling Stone Rob Sheffield considers it "hard to remember a world where we didn't have <mask>, although we're pretty sure it was a lot more boring." In 2015, Time also noted that <mask> had "practically invented the current era of pop music as spectacle." <mask> and her work have influenced various artists including Miley Cyrus, Nicki Minaj, Ellie Goulding, Halsey, Jennifer Lopez, Beyoncé, Nick Jonas, Sam Smith, Noah Cyrus, Katherine Langford, MGMT, Allie X, Greyson Chance, Cardi B, Rina Sawayama, Blackpink, Madison Beer, Ren, Slayyyter, Bebe Rexha, Bree Runway, Celeste, Kim Petras, Jojo Siwa, Pabllo Vittar, Ava Max, Doja Cat, Chaeyoung, Kanye West, and Rachel Zegler. A new genus of ferns, <mask>, and three species, G. germanotta, G. monstraparva and Kaikaia gaga, have been named in her honor. The name monstraparva alluded to <mask>'s fans, known as Little Monsters, since their symbol is the outstretched "monster claw" hand, which resembles a tightly rolled young fern leaf prior to unfurling. <mask> also has an extinct mammal, <mask>don minimonstrum, and a parasitic wasp, Aleiodes gaga, named for her. In May 2021, to celebrate the tenth anniversary of Born This Way and its cultural impact, West Hollywood mayor, Lindsey P. Horvath, presented a key to the city to <mask> and declared May 23 as "Born This Way Day."A street painting with the Daniel Quasar's version of the gay flag (which includes trans and queer people of color) featuring the album's title was also unveiled on Robertson Boulevard as a tribute to the album, and how it has inspired the LGBT community over the years. Achievements

<mask> has won twelve Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, three Brit Awards, sixteen Guinness World Records, and the inaugural Songwriters Hall of Fame's Contemporary Icon Award. She received a National Arts Awards' Young Artist Award, which honors individuals who have shown accomplishments and leadership early in their career, the Jane Ortner Artist Award from the Grammy Museum in 2016, and a National Board of Review Award for Best Actress in 2018. <mask> has also been recognized by the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) with the Fashion Icon award. In 2019, she became the first woman to win an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award and a Grammy Award in one year for her contribution to A Star Is Borns soundtrack. At the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards, she was honored with the inaugural Tricon Award representing achievement in three (or more) fields of entertainment. Acknowledged by Billboard as the Greatest Pop Star in 2009, with honorable mention in 2010 and 2011, and Woman of the Year in 2015, <mask> has consecutively appeared on the magazine's Artists of the Year chart (scoring the definitive title in 2010), and ranked 11th on its Top Artists of the 2010s chart.She is the longest-reigning act of Billboards Dance/Electronic Albums chart with 211 weeks at number one, while The Fame (2008) holds the record for the most time on top in the chart's history, with 142 non-consecutive weeks. <mask> has also been included in several Forbes power rankings, ranked fourth on VH1's Greatest Women in Music (2012), and was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2010 and 2019. Her album Born This Way (2011) featured on Rolling Stones 2020 revision of their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, while the song "Bad Romance" and its music video were among Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and 100 Greatest Music Videos of All Time, respectively, in 2021. <mask> is one of the world's best-selling music artists, with estimated sales of 124 million records as of 2014, and has produced some of the best-selling singles of all time. She has grossed more than $512.3 million in revenue from concert tours and residencies, becoming the fifth woman to pass the half-billion total as reported to Billboard Boxscore, while receiving the Pollstar Award for Pop Touring Artist of the Decade (2010s). She is the twelfth top digital singles artist in the US, with 85.5 million equivalent units certified according to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), was the first woman to receive the Digital Diamond Award certification from RIAA, one of three artists with at least two Diamond certified songs ("Bad Romance" and "Poker Face"), and the first and only artist to have two songs pass seven million downloads ("Poker Face" and "Just Dance"). By the end of 2020, with "Just Dance", "Poker Face", "Bad Romance" and "Shallow", she became the first female artist to achieve four singles that sold at least 10 million copies

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<mask> (born <mask>,  21 February 1986) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, actress, television presenter and political activist from Cardiff. <mask> rose to fame in childhood as a classical singer before branching into pop music in 2005. By 2007, she had sold more than 10 million records worldwide including over 5 million in the United States. In 2010, she was reported to be worth as much as £11m (though one 2003 report quoted her worth at £25m). She hosted a Channel 4 chat show titled The <mask> Show. <mask> released her first album in five years, titled Back to Scratch, on 17 October 2010. <mask> is a soprano.Background and music career

Early life
<mask> was born <mask> Reed in Llandaff, a district of Cardiff, Wales, the daughter of Maria (née Cooper) and Stephen Reed, a computer engineer. Her parents separated when she was two, and she was subsequently raised by her mother who brought her up as a Roman Catholic. In 1992, Maria married her second husband, <mask>, who adopted <mask> in 1999. She has four siblings; two younger half-brothers through her biological father, Luke and Alexander, and two older adoptive half-siblings from her adoptive father's previous marriage, Elisha and Andrew. Her musical break came at age 11 when she sang Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Pie Jesu" over the telephone on the television show This Morning in 1997, followed by her performance on ITV's Big, Big Talent Show in 1997. A request to sing "Pie Jesu" at Rupert Murdoch's 1999 wedding to Wendy Deng led to concerts at Cardiff Arms Park, the Royal Albert Hall and opening for Dame Shirley Bassey in Antwerp. <mask> also received a vocal scholarship to Howell's School Llandaff in Cardiff where she started in 1998, after leaving The Cathedral School, Llandaff.With help from tutors, she was able to manage both performing and school work, and said in many interviews that she was "just like every other girl her age". She left school at age 16. 1998–2002: Classical career

As a classical music singer, <mask> sang in English, Welsh, Latin, Italian and French. She was then introduced to the Cardiff impresario Jonathan Shalit, who became her manager and negotiated a contract with Sony Music. Her first album, Voice of an Angel (1998), was a collection of arias, sacred songs, and traditional pieces that sold millions worldwide and made her the youngest artist with a No. 1 album on the British classical crossover charts. <mask> appeared on US Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) specials.Her 1999 self-titled second album also included operatic, religious and traditional tracks. One, the soaring and inspirational Just Wave Hello, was the centrepiece of a millennium-themed ad campaign for the Ford Motor Company. The song's full-length video, featuring <mask>, won acclaim at the Detroit Auto Show and introduced her to new fans. The track reached No. 31 in Britain. In 2000, she released Dream a Dream, an album of Christmas carols. It included <mask>'s first foray into a more non classical, pop-influenced style in the title track Dream a Dream, borrowing the melody from Fauré's Pavane and featuring child American country singer Billy Gilman.In 2001, <mask> added more pop, swing, and Broadway with her album Enchantment. That year, <mask> made her first film appearance in the 2001 Ron Howard film A Beautiful Mind. Celine Dion was beginning a concert engagement in Las Vegas and was not available to perform the film's end title song, "All Love Can Be", so composer James Horner enlisted <mask> and the song was rewritten for her vocal range. <mask> also handled other vocal passages throughout the score. In 2001, The Daily Star (a tabloid newspaper) was mocked and criticised for featuring a picture of <mask> in a tight top with sexualised comments ("she's a big girl now ... chest swell!") next to a piece condemning Chris Morris' "Paedogeddon" episode of Brass Eye, a comedy spoof of current affairs shows. In 2002, at 16, she released a "best of" album called Prelude, and took part in the Royal Christmas tour alongside Dame Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, marking the end of her classical music career.Her next album, Tissues and Issues, would be a pop release. 2003–2009: Pursuing pop career; Tissues and Issues
In 2003 <mask> teamed up with trance music producer Jurgen Vries to sing vocals on his track "The Opera Song (Brave New World)". She was credited on the records as CMC (her initials) as it was her first foray into pop music. The song reached number three in the UK Singles Chart, <mask>'s second highest charting single and Vries' highest. In 2005, <mask> issued her first pop album Tissues and Issues. Four singles were moderately successful in the UK with "Crazy Chick" reaching number two, "Call My Name" number ten, "Even God Can't Change the Past" number seventeen, and "Moodswings" number fourteen. Although these were released in Australia as well, they failed to reach the same level of success there.<mask>'s pop album was released in the US through Amazon.com MP3 shop, and iTunes in 2009. In April 2006, <mask> performed three concerts in Glasgow, London, and Cardiff, in venues holding between 2,000 and 3,000 people; the dates at London and Cardiff were sold out. Supported by Irish band the New Druids, <mask> performed a mix of tracks from her debut pop album and a number of pop covers including Prince's "Kiss" and Gloria Estefan's "Rhythm is Gonna Get You". In November 2006, it was announced that she and Sony had parted ways. According to her publicist, this was a mutual decision reached after a series of meetings throughout the year, which were held since her six-album contract had ended. There was speculation that <mask> had decided to take a break from her singing career to focus on her television show. Others suggested that her pop releases' chart performance contributed to the decision.Yet another factor was her pregnancy with her daughter, Ruby Megan Henson. In 2007, <mask> became Patron of the charity The Topsy Foundation UK, helping to raise awareness and funds for its work to support rural communities in South Africa, empowering people infected with and affected by HIV and AIDS, through medical care, social support and skills development. Articles emerged in the UK press in March and April 2008 stating that she was still training classically, considering a return to classical crossover. <mask> has sung in religious services in Taizé. She has also performed before Pope John Paul II, Queen Elizabeth II, the Prince of Wales and Bill Clinton. In June 2008, she became pregnant with her son, Dexter Lloyd Henson. In an interview, she mentioned she would be ready to work on more music in a few months, although she was not sure whether she would further develop her career in classical, pop, or both, as she loved both genres for different reasons.<mask> also mentioned that she had been working with a vocal instructor to keep her voice in check, and while she had never put a focus on her body image, she would like to get back into pre-pregnancy shape before resuming work. In June 2009, <mask> was interviewed for Hello! magazine, and discussed her life since having her second child. She said that she was currently in the studio, resuming work on a new album and that her partner, Gavin Henson, had been strongly encouraging her to get back to work pursuing the career that she has greatly missed since settling down. 2010–2011: Return to music and Back to Scratch
<mask> appeared on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross on 13 March 2010, where she confirmed that she had already begun writing and recording her sixth studio album. <mask> also stated that the album was of a different sound to previous ones, more mature with a "kooky" vibe. On 4 August 2010, <mask> made a new track, "Cold California", available to download from her website.<mask>'s new album, Back to Scratch, was released in the UK on 25 October 2010. The 14-track album was produced by Martin Terefe. Back to Scratch was preceded by a single – the LP's title track – on 24 October. "Back to Scratch" was originally inspired "by problems facing a family member", but <mask> admitted in a press release that the song now has resonance to her own personal life following her split from Gavin Henson. Back to Scratch also featured the song "The Actors", which <mask> performed on BBC One talent contest Over the Rainbow, and a cover of Joni Mitchell's "River". It was announced on 13 March 2011 that <mask> had terminated her US$3 million deal with Power Amp Music over promotional disputes. Her spokesperson released the following statement: "All I can really say, because of the confidentiality issues, is that it was in Charlotte's financial interests to do so before the agreement entered the second year of its term.This is typical for these type of deals, which are investment deals rather than record deals. I can also say that the decision to terminate the term early, which suited both parties, was made well before the commercial release of the album". A spokesperson from the record label also released a statement saying "It didn't work out with <mask> and that's fair enough. There was no falling out. It was a mutual decision. They decided to exit the deal". The third single to be released from the album, "Snow" was released on 11 April 2011.Since 2012: ONE, TWO, THREE, and FOUR
On 26 May 2012, <mask> premiered three new songs "The Rise", "How Not to be Surprised When You're a Ghost", and "Say It's True" on BBC Radio with Bethan Elfyn. <mask> released her first EP ONE on 4 September 2012. On 19 December 2012, <mask> released the lead single from her second EP, "Glitterbombed" on The Line of Best Fit, an online music magazine. Her second EP TWO was released on 4 March 2013. ONE and TWO were combined for a US release on 12 March 2013. <mask> promoted ONE and TWO in the US with her first North American performances in almost a decade. She appeared in New York, Los Angeles, Toronto, and at the South by Southwest Festival.Her costumes for her North American concerts were designed by Zoe Howerska. <mask> released the lead single from her third EP, "I Can Dream" via Soundcloud on 15 July 2013. Her third EP THREE was released on 19 August 2013. <mask>'s fourth EP FOUR was released on 10 March 2014. She released a music video for the lead single from her fourth EP, "Little Movements" on YouTube on 15 March 2014. Acting and television career
<mask> has made a number of cameo appearances on television. She appeared in the CBS series Touched by an Angel, appeared in the 1999 Christmas special of Heartbeat, and in 2002, 2003 and 2012 she appeared on episodes of Have I Got News for You (the first time as the show's youngest-ever panellist; the second time as host).In 2005, she played herself in an episode of The Catherine Tate Show, in a sketch with the fictional character Joannie Taylor. In 2008, she appeared briefly in a sketch in Katy Brand's Big Ass Show. In December 2005, for The Paul O'Grady Show Christmas pantomime, The Wizard of Oz, <mask> played Dorothy Gale. In the summer of 2006, <mask> began work on her own entertainment TV show, The Charlotte <mask> Show. After a pilot episode which caused some controversy and which was never released to the public, the series began on 1 September 2006 on Channel 4. <mask> won a British Comedy Award for "Best Female Comedy Newcomer" in 2006, and the 'Funniest TV Personality' award at the 2006 Loaded Magazine's 'LAFTA' awards. In 2008, she was nominated for the Rose d'Or Special Award for Best Entertainer.In late June 2008, Channel 4 began showing trials for the series. It has since concluded its eight-show run. A Christmas special aired on 21 December 2008. The show ended after its third series. In January 2010 for Hospital 24/7, <mask> made an appearance on the programme finale, where she visits the Children's Hospital for Wales to launch the Noah's Ark Appeals campaign to fund the equipment in the new Critical Care Unit, which will help children needing high dependency, or critical & intensive care. In 2014 <mask> performed as Mrs Ogmore Pritchard in a BBC adaptation of Under Milk Wood by Dylan Thomas. In 2018, <mask> appeared in the BBC One documentary <mask>: Inside My Brain, in which she explores the subject of mental health and the various kinds of research being done in the field.In 2022, <mask> appeared as "Mushroom" on the third series of The Masked Singer and finished in second place. Writing
<mask> released an autobiography titled Voice of an Angel (My Life So Far) in October 2000, at 14. She released a second autobiography titled Keep Smiling in late 2007. In 2019, <mask> wrote numerous opinion pieces for The Guardian. Political activities
<mask> gave BBC 6 Music's John Peel Lecture at The Lowry in Salford in 2013, in which she criticised the music industry for what she described as a culture of sexism that pressures female artists to project a sexualised image of themselves. Following <mask>'s appearance at the Leveson Inquiry, she became increasingly outspoken on a number of political issues, which she has explained as growing out of her experience of Leveson as well as the Conservative victory in the 2015 general election. She is a member of media campaigning group Hacked Off.In May 2015 she joined a demonstration organised by the People's Assembly Against Austerity in Cardiff, subsequently addressing a crowd of 250,000 at a People's Assembly march in London the following month. At the 2015 Glastonbury Festival she chaired a conversation with two members of Russian feminist punk band Pussy Riot. In August 2015 she performed the song "This Bitter Earth" outside the Shell Centre in London as part of a month-long protest organised by Greenpeace against Shell's pursuit of petroleum exploration in the Arctic. In September 2015, she endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election, but by December 2015 she was calling for him to be replaced by a "fresh face" who was more electable. In 2016, <mask> along with numerous other celebrities, toured the UK to support Corbyn's bid to become Prime Minister, and in March 2016, performed at a socialist fundraising event in Edinburgh for Corbyn. In May 2016, she declared her support for the Welsh nationalist party, Plaid Cymru in the National Assembly for Wales election. In January 2017, she took part in a protest in Cardiff about Donald Trump's inauguration as US president.<mask> is a supporter of Welsh independence. Personal life
<mask>'s personal life and relationships have often been reported in UK tabloid newspapers, inspiring the song "Let's Be Alone" on her album Tissues and Issues. At age 15 she was criticised for remarks attributed to her by the New York Post in which she allegedly criticised "the hero status afforded to New York firefighters" in the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attacks. She apologised for the remarks one month later, as well as at the Leveson Inquiry in 2011, stating that her comments were taken out of context. In a 2006 interview with Davina McCall, she agreed being diplomatic was "not in her nature". In November 2011, <mask> testified before the Leveson Inquiry about the media intrusion into her personal life stating "I've been made a caricature for so long, and this person portrayed in the tabloids really isn't me. It's not the person I am, and it's had a massive impact on my career.As an artist, I find it hard to be taken seriously because my credibility has been blown to bits." On 27 February 2012, <mask> accepted £600,000 in damages and costs in settlement of a lawsuit arising out of the News International phone hacking scandal. She had claimed that 33 stories about her that appeared in the News of the World were the product of illegal hacking into her family's voicemail. After the settlement was announced in open court she made a lengthy statement in which she said, "I have also discovered that despite the apology which the newspaper has just given in court, these people were prepared to go to any lengths to prevent me exposing their behaviour. They are not truly sorry. They are just sorry they got caught." The press devoted much attention to <mask>'s relationship with her first boyfriend in 2002, model and musician Steve Johnson; her second boyfriend, Kyle Johnson (no relation), who was later jailed for possession of a large amount of heroin; as well as her third boyfriend Gavin Henson, a Welsh rugby player who she started dating in 2005.At the end of 2005, she bought a property in her native Cardiff—for a reported £500,000—which she later sold for £900,000. The couple then bought a manor with a 20-acre (8 hectare) small holding in the Vale of Glamorgan in the village of St Brides Major. The couple mentioned marriage on talk shows and in the press; they eventually became engaged in April 2010. In 2007, <mask> made another appearance on a British young people's rich list with Henson. They were ranked 49th-richest young people in Britain with an estimated joint wealth of £12 million. <mask> gave birth to a daughter, Ruby Megan Henson, on 20 September 2007, and to a son, Dexter Lloyd Henson, on 11 January 2009. <mask> and Henson separated in 2010, six weeks after becoming engaged.<mask> had dated musician Johnny Powell since 2010, and married him on 4 October 2017. They had a daughter, Frida on August 15, 2020. Discography

Studio albums
 Voice of an Angel (1998)
 <mask> (1999)
 Dream a Dream (2000)
 Enchantment (2001)
 Tissues and Issues (2005)
 Back to Scratch (2010)

Television and film

Awards and nominations

See also
List of Welsh musicians

References

External links

 CharlotteChurchMusic.com – Official website
 Biography from BBC Wales

1986 births
Living people
Welsh adoptees
People educated at Howell's School Llandaff
People educated at The Cathedral School, Llandaff
Singers from Cardiff
Labour Party (UK) people
Welsh sopranos
Welsh child singers
21st-century Welsh women singers
Welsh nationalists
Welsh pop singers
Welsh rock singers
British indie pop musicians
Opera crossover singers
Welsh child actresses
Welsh television actresses
Welsh film actresses
20th-century Welsh actresses
21st-century Welsh actresses
Sony Classical Records artists
People from Llandaff
Actresses from Cardiff

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Sheikh <mask>, also known as <mask>, , (born in Multan) (20 April 1954 – 3 June 2020) was a Pakistani politician who was affiliated with the Pakistan Muslim League. He was previously Member of National Assembly of Pakistan (MNA) (1993–1996, 1997–1999) and Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA) (1990–1993). He was also the Central Vice-President of the Pakistan Muslim League. Family and education
He completed his initial education at Millat High School and then Government Emerson College in Multan and graduated from the University of Sindh, Jamshoro. <mask> hailed from a family that traces its roots to Jhajjar tehsil located in Rohtak district India. His grandfather, Sheikh Abdus Samad was assassinated while migrating to Pakistan at the time of the independence of Pakistan in 1947. <mask> and his family represent a community which has large business and political interests in the urban politics of Multan city.His father, Sheikh <mask>, was his political mentor; the former Member of Federal Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) in 1980s nominated by General Zia-ul-Haq and elected Member of National Assembly of Pakistan (MNA), when elections were held on a non-party basis for the term 1985–1988. <mask> <mask> was married and has three sons, one daughter. The eldest son Muhammad Ahmad <mask> is currently studying abroad. His two other sons are Muhammad Ahsan Yousaf <mask> and Muhammad Asad Ali Asghar, who are currently studying in Multan. Political career
An agriculturist by profession turned to politics in 1987 as an elected councillor of Municipal Corporation Multan. He rose through the political ranks, being elected as a Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA) for the term of 1990–1993. He was elected to National Assembly of Pakistan serving two consecutive terms, the first from 1993 to 1996 and the second from February 1997 to October 1999.1990–1993
In 1990, he contested his first election for the post of Member of Provincial Assembly. He was given a ticket for constituency PP-163 in the remote area of Multan where he was an outsider and his opponent was Makhdoom Hassan Raza. <mask> <mask> managed to win the seat by a margin of 7,000 votes. For three years he served as an MPA but when Nawaz Sharif resigned along with President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1993, assemblies were dissolved and new elections were scheduled. 1993
In November 1993, the new President Farooq Leghari called for fresh elections. <mask> <mask> was once again issued a ticket from Multan but this time, it was for National Assembly of Pakistan from constituency NA-116 where his opponent was Syed Tanveer-ul Hassan Gillani, a Former Federal Minister who is also a cousin of Ex Prime Minister Makhdoom Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani. He was elected MNA on IJI ticket in 1990.In 1993, when the PML-N awarded ticket to <mask> <mask>, Gilani opted for the PPP ticket. 1997–1999
In 1997, new elections were called for again. <mask> <mask> was given Pakistan Muslim League ticket to contest the elections, from the same constituency NA-116. Again he was up against Syed Tanveer-ul-Hassan Gilani, who is a close relative of Ex Prime Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani and PML-N's Javed Hashmi. However, <mask> <mask> once again managed to defeat former federal ministers. During this time, Sheikh <mask> <mask> became a member of Parliamentary Steering Committee (PSC). The PSC was created in response to UNDP's assistance to enhance the professional capacity of the parliamentarians and National Assembly Secretariat and to support other democratic processes.He was one of the members of parliament who was also interested in assistance regarding relations between the Parliament and the media and in making television coverage of Parliament more effective. In 1998, Sheikh <mask> <mask> was one of the foremost supporters of the decision taken by the government to develop nuclear weapons. 2002–2004
<mask> <mask> did not participate in the general elections held in 2002, choosing to run instead for Zila Nazim of Multan District in a by election held in 2003. 2005
<mask> <mask> was one of the few people in the PML N who was trying to convince the senior leadership of the PML N to stop supporting the PPP in the ARD as he believed the PPP was not sincere with PML-N and had been taking an advantage of the PML-N to achieve their own objectives and capture the PML-N vote bank. In August 2005, he decided to join the Pakistan Muslim League due to differences with the party policies and because his supporters were finding it difficult to adjust with the PPP in the ARD. <mask> <mask> was followed by Ex-Punjab Food Minister Hafiz Iqbal Khakwani, Ex-MNA Syed Javed Ali Shah, sitting MPA Syed Mujahid Ali Shah, PML-N Ex-MPA Khalid Khokhar and the son of Ex-MPA Sheikh Amir Khalil to join PML. 2008 elections
<mask> <mask> lost.2011

Breakaway from PML-Q
On 4 May 2011, Sheikh <mask> <mask> announced his separation from Pakistan Muslim League. 2012 by-elections
On 25 February 2012, Sheikh <mask> <mask> 's younger brother Sheikh Muhammad Tariq <mask> was elected as an MNA from NA-149. This seat was vacated by Javed Hashmi who has joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) led by Imran Khan. References

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External links
 <mask> <mask>'s brother Tariq <mask> sweeps NA 149 by poll
 PML-N’s Tariq <mask> defeated PPP’s Malik Liaquat Dogar after a good fight
 PML-N’s Tariq Rashid, brother of former MNA <mask> Rashid contesting from NA 149 Multan
 PPP, PML-N men ‘share’ Multan
 Dawn Pakistani Newspaper
 Dawn Newspaper PML-Q, PPP united for Multan Nazim’s election- FORMER PML-N Javed Ali Shah announced support for Pir Riaz instead of his party comrade <mask> Rasheed
 Dawn Newspaper Multan Nazim election today: Feudals, bureaucracy bet on same horse
 Pak Spectator
 Election Commission Of Pakistan
 1995 Human Rights Report: PAKISTAN
 UNDP-PAK/97/010-Support to Parliamentary and Democratic Processes in Pakistan
 PAKISTAN TELEVISION CORPORATION LIMITED
 Dawn Pakistani Newspaper
 Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 11th Assembly (1990–1993)
 Official Website of National Assembly of Pakistan
 PML-Q rally protests Israeli attack on Gaza
 THE NEWS

Punjabi people
Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians
2020 deaths
Politicians from Multan
1954 births
Government Emerson College alumni
University of Sindh alumni

masks:
Muhammad Tahir Rasheed
Tahir Rashid
Tahir Rasheed
Tahir Rasheed
Muhammad Rasheed
Tahir
Rasheed
Tahir
Tahir
Tahir
Rasheed
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Rasheed
Tahir
Rasheed
Tahir
Rasheed
Tahir
Rasheed
Tahir
Rasheed
Tahir
Rasheed
Muhammad Tahir
Rasheed
Muhammad Tahir
Rasheed
Rasheed
Tahir
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<mask> (May 1, 1908 – June 10, 1992) was a professor of Mathematics, a writer on the history, philosophy, and teaching of mathematics, and also a popularizer of mathematical subjects. Education and career
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn and resided in Jamaica, Queens. After graduating from Boys High School in Brooklyn, he studied mathematics at New York University, earning a bachelor's degree in 1930, a master's degree in 1932, and a doctorate (Ph.D.) in 1936. He continued at NYU as an instructor until 1942. During World War II, <mask> was posted to the Signal Corps (United States Army) stationed at Belmar, New Jersey. Designated a physicist, he worked in the engineering lab where radar was developed. After the war he continued investigating electromagnetism, and from 1946 to 1966 was director of the division for electromagnetic research at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.<mask> resumed his mathematical teaching at NYU, becoming a full professor in 1952. He taught at New York University until 1975, and wrote many papers and more than a dozen books on various aspects of mathematics and particularly teaching of mathematics. He repeatedly stressed the need to teach the applications and usefulness of mathematics rather than expecting students to enjoy it for its own sake. Similarly, he urged that mathematical research concentrate on solving problems posed in other fields rather than building structures of interest only to other mathematicians. One can get a sense of <mask>'s views on teaching from the following:

Critique of mathematics education
<mask> was a protagonist in the curriculum reform in mathematics education that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century, a period including the programs of the new math. An article by <mask> in 1956 in The Mathematics Teacher was titled "Mathematical texts and teachers: a tirade". Calling out teachers that blame students for their failures, he wrote "There is a student problem, but there are also three other factors which are responsible for the present state of mathematical learning, namely, the curricula, the texts, and the teachers."The tirade touched a nerve, and changes started to happen. But then <mask> switched to being a critic of some of the changes. In 1958 he wrote "Ancients versus moderns: a new battle of the books". The article was accompanied with a rebuttal by Albert E. Meder Jr. of Rutgers University.<ref>''Mathematics Teacher 51:428–33</ref> He says, "I find objectionable: first, vague generalizations, entirely undocumented, concerning views held by 'modernists', and second, the inferences drawn from what has not been said by the 'modernists'." By 1966 <mask> proposed an eight-page high school plan. The rebuttal for this article was by James H. Zant; it asserted that <mask> had "a general lack of knowledge of what was going on in schools with reference to textbooks, teaching, and curriculum." Zant criticized <mask>’s writing for "vagueness, distortion of facts, undocumented statements and overgeneralization."In 1966 and 1970 <mask> issued two further criticisms. In 1973 St. Martin’s Press contributed to the dialogue by publishing <mask>’s critique, Why Johnny Can’t Add: the Failure of the New Math. Its opening chapter is a parody of instruction as students’ intuitions are challenged by the new jargon. The book recapitulates the debates from Mathematics Teacher, with <mask> conceding some progress: He cites Howard Fehr of Columbia University who sought to unify the subject through its general concepts: sets, operations, mappings, relations, and structures in the Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum Improvement Study. In 1977 <mask> turned to undergraduate university education; he took on the academic mathematics establishment with his Why the Professor Can't Teach: The Dilemma of University Education. <mask> argues that the onus on professors in the United States to conduct research misdirects the scholarly method that characterizes good teaching. He lauds scholarship as expressed by expository writing or reviews of original work of others.For scholarship he expects critical attitudes to topics, materials and methods. Among the rebuttals are those by D.T. Finkbeiner, Harry Pollard, and Peter Hilton. Pollard conceded, "The society in which learning is admired and pursued for its own sake has disappeared." The Hilton review was more direct: <mask> has "placed in the hand of enemies…[a] weapon". Having started in 1956 as an agitator for change in mathematics education, he became a critic of some trends. Skilled expositor that he was, editors frequently felt his expressions were best tempered with rebuttal.In considering what motivated <mask> to protest, consider Professor Meder’s opinion:I am wondering whether in point of fact, Professor <mask> really likes mathematics [...] I think that he is at heart a physicist, or perhaps a ‘natural philosopher’, not a mathematician, and that the reason he does not like the proposals for orienting the secondary school college preparatory mathematics curriculum to the diverse needs of the twentieth century by making use of some concepts developed in mathematics in the last hundred years or so is not that this is bad mathematics, but that it minimizes the importance of physics. It might appear so, as <mask> recalls E. H. Moore’s recommendation to combine science and mathematics at the high school level. But closer reading shows <mask> calling mathematics a "part of man’s efforts to understand and master his world", and he sees that role in a broad spectrum of sciences. Critique of mathematics research
In Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty (ch. XIII: "The Isolation of Mathematics"), <mask> deplored the way mathematics research was being conducted, complaining that often mathematicians, not willing to become acquainted with the (sometimes deep) context needed to solve applied problems in sciences, prefer to invent pure mathematics problems that are not necessarily of any consequence. <mask> also blamed the publish or perish academic culture for this state of affairs. Publications
 Books
 Introduction to Mathematics (with Irvin W. Kay), Houghton Mifflin, 1937
 The Theory of Electromagnetic Waves (ed), Inter-science Publishers, 1951
 Mathematics in Western Culture, Oxford University Press,1953
 Mathematics and the Physical World, T. Y. Crowell Co., 1959
 Mathematics, A Cultural Approach, Addison-Wesley, 1962
 Mathematics for the Nonmathematician, Dover Publications, 1967
 Electromagnetic Theory and Geometrical Optics (with Irvin W. Kay), John Wiley and Sons, 1965
 Calculus, An intuitive and Physical Approach, John Wiley and Sons, 1967, 1977, Dover Publications 1998 reprint
 Mathematics for Liberal Arts, Addison-Wesley, 1967, (republished as Mathematics for the Nonmathematician, Dover Publications, Inc., 1985) ()
 Mathematics in the Modern World (ed), W. H. Freeman and Co., 1968
 Mathematical Thought From Ancient to Modern Times, Oxford University Press, 1972
 Why Johnny Can't Add: The Failure of the New Mathematics, St. Martin's Press, 1973
 Why the Professor Can't Teach: Mathematics and the Dilemma of University Education, St. Martin's Press, 1977 ()
 Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty, Oxford University Press, 1980 (); OUP Galaxy Books pb.reprint ()
 Mathematics: An Introduction to Its Spirit and Use; readings from Scientific American Mathematics in the Modern World; readings from Scientific American The Language of Shapes (with Abraham Wolf Crown)
 Mathematics and the Search for Knowledge, Oxford University Press, 1985 ()

 References
 Citations

 Sources

 External links

 A website having links to two of his books Why Johnny Can't Add? and Why The Professor Can't Teach, a lecture titled Pea Soup, Tripe and Mathematics, and an obituary. A wide-ranging 2016 interview: <mask>, a renowned mathematician, talks about concepts of mathematics, the new math, and God in a vintage interview''. 1908 births
1992 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
Jewish American military personnel
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences alumni
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
Historians of mathematics
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
20th-century historians
Boys High School (Brooklyn) alumni
Mathematicians from New York (state)
20th-century American Jews

masks:
Morris Kline
Kline
Kline
Kline
Kline
Morris Kline
Kline
Kline
Kline
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The Divine Life of Sri Sri <mask> Ji
From the time of creation of the universe and mankind, God has manifested in myriad forms. Sometimes He has incarnated as Sri Krishna, soothing those in agony, through his Bansuri. While, sometimes He has incarnated as Narsingh Devta, reaping apart the evil and establishing Dharma. And then again, He has incarnated, for millions of tormented souls, in form of our immensely worshipped, Sri Sri Guru Maharaj – Sri Sri <mask>. Sri Sri Guru Maharaj was born on Saturday, the 17th of December, 1904 at Midnapore, West Bengal (As per Bengali calendar, 2nd day in the month of Pausa, Shukla Paksha, at the conjunction of Dasami and Ekadasi Tithi) to exceedingly pious and Godly personages, Sri Hemchandra Bandhopadhyay (Father) and Srimati Binoyini Devi (Mother), which marked the advent of an era. While, Sri Sri Boro Guru Maharaj – Sri Sri Balananda Brahmachari was physically present in Midnapore, during the holy birth of Sri Sri Guru Maharaj, however, the first heavenly meeting between Guru-Shishya happened one and a half years later, at Deoghar Ashram. Where his parents, had taken Sri Sri Guru Maharaj, to have the holy darshan of Sri Sri Boro Guru Maharaj.It was there, that the divine interaction occurred and the path of an immortal and holy chronicle was sieved. It has been later laid down by the family and acquaintances of his pre-monastic life, that Sri Sri Guru Maharaj had always had a calm and composed persona. He had an unexplainable divine aura, which often led to his companions looking up to him for suggestions and guidance. While, other students of his age were loquacious and would indulge in fun and games, Sri Sri Guru Maharaj would be found quietly listening to Rabindra Sangeets or reading multitudinous books. His love for sangeet was quite ardently seen all through his life. While, his love for reading was evident in the fact that he carried an entire suitcase of books, through all his travels. Even now, his holy room in Deoghar Ashram (Mohan Mandir) is filled with awe-inspiring books, which stands as an exemplar for his love of reading and garnering knowledge.After having completed his schooling, Sri Sri Guru Maharaj took admission in the Scottish Church College, Calcutta, for Intermediate (I.A). Where, he resided at the Ogilive Hostel, for pursuing his higher education. But, as it is truly said, there is no barrier strong enough to disrupt God from attaining his grand scheme. Similarly, nothing could stop Sri Sri Guru Maharaj from leaving behind his materialistic life and moving ahead towards ultimate divinity. In the second year of his college life, on 9th September, 1921 at the age of just Seventeen, he went to Deoghar Ashram, offering himself at the lotus feet of Sri Sri Balananda <mask> (Sri Sri Boro Guru Maharaj). Even after several persuasions nothing could alter his perseverance. Finally, after 21 days, on the auspicious occasion of Durga Mahashtami, he renounced all worldly desires and walked on to the path of embracing the life of a Naisthik Brahmachari.He attained his diksha from Sri Sri Balananda Brahmachari and went on to become one of the revered saints, in all over India and abroad. During his early years at Deoghar Ashram, he set an example of astounding Guru Bhakti. His seraphic devotion and divinity towards his Guru, stands as an anecdote to all. From carrying several buckets of water for more than 750 ft. from the feet of Tapovan hill to the top, to staying awake all night to attend to his Guru, speaks of his monumental fidelity and adherence. The divine affection was such between Guru-Shishya that right after Sri Sri Balananda <mask>, left for his heavenly abode on 9th June’ 1937, a ray of light was seen to be transferred from his divine body and merged into Sri Sri Guru Maharaj Ji’s holy body. It is also said, that after the demise of Sri Sri Boro Guru Maharaj, his disciples had heard his divine voice saying “Hum Mohan Ek Hai” (Mohan and I are one). Sri Sri Balanada Brahmachari appointed Sri Sri Guru Maharaj to shoulder all responsibilities of Ashram as well as made him the Sevayat of Devi Maa (Sri Sri Bala Tripura Sundari Maa or Baleswari Maa).However, Guru Maharaj Ji’s attachment for his Guru was such, that thereafter, he renounced everything and secluded himself in the darkest forests of Naimisharanya. That is where he got the heavenly direction from Sri Sri Boro Guru Maharaj to return to Ashram and set out to the restore the lives of millions of awaiting his divine grace. From there on, Sri Sri Guru Maharaj, set on his celestial work throughout the nation. In all his works, he ensured to spread the holy name of his Guru – Sri Sri Balananda Brahmachari. He started off by establishing numerous temples and starting various Pujas and yagnas at Deoghar Ashram, such as Durga Puja, Dol Purnima Yagna for Sri Sri Boro Guru Maharaj’s abirbhaab tithi, Kali Puja, Annakut and many such works. Similarly, over his lifetime, he went on to establish Ashrams and Tirthashrams all over India, such as Badrinath, Haridwar, Rishikesh, Benaras, Puri, Vrindyavan, Durgapur, Bankura, Berhampur, Jamshedpur, and many more. His ultimate objective was to re-establish the Sanatan Dharma and offer a place for peace and divinity to mankind.For which he endeared the severe cold temperatures and high altitudes of Badrinath and performed Bishnu Lakshmi Yagna continuously for twenty four years at Badrinath Ashram. Similarly, he performed Rudra Yagna, Shiv Shakti Yagna for several years at Benaras Ashram. Through his establishments, he provided a place of solace for thousands of devotees. Besides these, he established numerous schools, colleges, Bridhyashrams and hospitals such as Sree Sree Mohanananda Cancer Hospital, Durgapur; Behala Balananda Brahmachari Hospital & Research Centre, Kolkata; Mohanananda Brahmachari Sishu Seva Pratisthan, Kolkata. Further to carry on his noble work, he established various trusts and societies, which till date, still function under his holy vision, guidelines and principles. His vision and mission was to build a sustainable society where health and education was made available to people belonging from all works of life. He has devoted his entire life to the betterment of the society, for each day, every day, until he left for his heavenly abode on 29th August’ 1999, in Tennessee, USA.Our beloved Guru Maharaj Ji has imparted to us his more viable pillars of teaching, i.e., “Seva o Sadhana” (Devotion to God through Service to Mankind). Through his unperturbed devotion towards his Guru – Sri Sri Balananda <mask> (Boro Guru Maharaj), meditation through Kirtans & Bhajans, selfless service to mankind in form of innumerable charitable works (such as establishment of Hospitals, Schools, Colleges, Bridhyashrams, Anna Chhetras through his various ashrams, Daridra Narayan Seva during natural calamities, all over India), Guru Maharaj has laid down the foundations that treading on the path of humanity and humility is the ultimate direction to attain the Supreme Being. He established the core crux of Kali Yuga, by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, that God the Almighty can be achieved by Hari Naam Sankirtan. That Hari Naam is the ultimate path to attain moksha. His teachings, sermons, principles and guidelines for life were all conveyed through his Kirtans and Bhajans. Sri Sri Guru Maharaj’s Kirtans form the pillar of hope and faith through the darkest of times, for all his disciples. Through his divine teachings and Hari Naam Sankirtan, he has uplifted many iniquitous people, transforming them into saintly devotees.Through his unperturbed affection and compassion to mankind, he has restored the lives of millions of distressed souls. He is our Guru, but more than that, He is our Father, in all true sense. Being grateful to him is not enough. We have to apply his teachings in all works of our lives and achieve ultimate humanity and humility, as a token of our devotion and endearment to our Param Pujaniya Sri Sri Guru Maharaj. Early life
He took birth on 17 December 1904 in the town of Midnapore in Bengal province. His parents, a devout Brahmin couple, Binayani Devi and Hemachandra Bandopadhaya were devotees and disciples of Sri Balananda <mask>, a great saint who had taken up residence in the temple town of Deoghar in Bihar province. Sri Manamohan, as he was then named, passed his Entrance Examination in 1920 from Dhanbad English High School.Thereafter, he joined the Scottish Church College in Calcutta for his graduate studies and stayed in the Ogilvie Hostel. His classmates later remembered him for his pleasant yet indrawn personality, and for his touch of artistic sophistication which he brought to every task. Later on, it became apparent that Sri Manamohan had developed a great attraction for the divine life during this time and had begun practicing various austerities as well as studying several religious thought leaders such as Swami Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo. He had also collected detailed information about the religious practices followed at Deoghar Ashram from his family. Finally, he left the hostel on September 9, 1921 and travelled to the Deoghar ashram of Sri Balananda Brahmachari. Spiritual training and enlightenment
Over the next three weeks, Sri Balananda <mask> thoroughly tested the resolve of young Sri Manamohan and, after obtaining the consent of his parents as well, admitted him to the monastic life as <mask> <mask>. His life at the Ashram was marked by the practice of severe austerity, the single-minded devotion and service to his Guru, and the total conformity with most rigid disciplines prescribed in the scriptures.The smooth and efficient management of the diverse activities at the Ashram was given due attention while he continued with the most rigorous 'tapasya' and undertook many arduous pilgrimages to numerous sacred places. Even after Sri Balananda <mask> passed away on 9 June 1927, Sri <mask> Brahmachari continued these arduous monastic pursuits. Only after receiving an express command from his Guru, given in a vision while he was practicing austerities at holy Naimisharanya, did Sri Maharaj assume the most difficult task of arousing the spiritual potential of people on a large scale by going himself to the devotees while adhering to the stringent discipline of "naisthikbrahmacharya". Sri Maharaj also founded many institutions for the material welfare of the public at large. All these activities were instituted to further his belief that sadhus (holy men) had the duty to contribute significantly to human society. Spiritual practice and establishments
Guru Mohrajji continued the Guru Parampara of ancient vedic practices for the benefit of humankind and all beings in entire universe. He expanded upong his Guru's work and went on setting up charitable ashrams to establish Dharma in its pristine form.Apart from the major Hindu festivals being conducted in Vedic ways across ashrams, he also used to conduct the extremely difficult Vishnu Lakshmi Yagna for benefit of universe. His permanent state of spiritual divine glow blessed the souls of all beings fortunate enough to witness. The enormous spiritual powers accumulated through his Sadhana were never made explicit, except for the aura of ineffable peace which always emanated from him. Teachings and Amrita Lahiri
Very early in his life, Sri <mask> Brahmachari had learned that music and songs were very effective instruments available for arousing divine consciousness in the human spirit. He was deeply attracted by the lyrics and music of Rabindranath Tagore during his college days and he also witnessed the ability of the saint, Ramdas Babaji Maharaj, to bring ecstasy to massed crowds through his Kirtan. Having the gift of a sweet and melodious voice himself, Sri Maharaj regularly performed Kirtan at Deoghar Ashram and even his Guru was moved by his music. Sri Maharaj was thoroughly eclectic in his choice of lyrics.Apart from his own numerous compositions, Sri Maharaj liberally drew upon the works of Nanak, Brahmananda, Vidyapati, Surdas and other classical devotional compositions, as well as from the works of modern poets, most notably of Rabindranath as well as Girish Chandra, Atul Prasad and others. However, he did not hesitate to modify either the lyrics or the tune in order to create the maximum impact in the minds of the listeners. His audience, however, did not always know the lyrics. Finally, Sri Gobinda Prasad Ghose, a disciple of Sri Balananda <mask>, undertook the task of collating the Kirtan lyrics through laborious transcription, and published the volume in July 1955. Pleased with the effort, Sri Maharaj named this volume Amrita Lahari or Waves of Nectar. Subsequently, a second volume was also published under the name Sudha Sagar or Sea of Nectar, bestowed by Sri Maharaj. Later on, the two volumes were merged into a single entity under the initial name of Amrita Lahari, and the combined volume has undergone many editions with an ever expanding inventory of songs.A collection of his songs from Amrita Lahiri is available in Amrita Lahiri online

Samadhi

Sri Maharaj left the mortal world at McMinville, Tennessee on August 29, 1999, but the soothing and uplifting influence of his memory, and of his Kirtans, continues to bring solace and joy to his innumerable disciples, devotees and admirers across the world even today. References
Official website of Sri Sri Balananda Ashrams

External links
 Official website of Sri Sri Balananda Ashrams
Guru Sri Sri Balananda Brahmachari
 Sri Sri <mask> Brahmachari
http://amritalahari.com/biography.php

1903 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Hindu religious leaders
Bengali Hindus
Bengali people
Indian Hindu spiritual teachers
Indian Hindu monks
People from Midnapore
Scottish Church College alumni

masks:
Mohanananda Brahmachari Maharaj
Mohanananda Brahmachari
Brahmachari
Brahmachari
Brahmachari
Brahmachari
Brahmachari
Sri Mohanananda
Brahmachari
Brahmachari
Mohanananda
Mohanananda
Brahmachari
Mohanananda