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 Salesman opposite Andrew Garfield. Directed by Mike Nichols, the production ran for 78 performances and was the highest-grossing show in the Ethel Barrymore Theatre's history. Many critics felt that <mask>, at 44, was too young for the role of 62-year-old Loman, and Chris Jones of the Chicago Tribune felt that the character had been interpreted poorly. <mask> admitted that he found the role difficult, but he nevertheless earned his third Tony Award nomination. <mask> collaborated with Paul Thomas Anderson for the fifth time in The Master (2012), where he turned in what critic Peter Bradshaw considered the most memorable performance of his career.Set in 1950s America, the film featured <mask> as Lancaster Dodd, the charismatic leader of a nascent Scientology-type movement who brings a troubled man (Joaquin Phoenix) under his tutelage. <mask> was instrumental in the project's development, having been involved with it for three years. He assisted Anderson in the writing of the script by reviewing samples of it, and suggested making Phoenix's character, Freddie Quell, the protagonist instead of Dodd. A talented dancer, <mask> was able to showcase his abilities by performing a jig during a surreal sequence; Bradshaw called it an "extraordinary moment" that "only <mask> could have carried off." The Master was praised as an intelligent and challenging drama, and Drew Hunt of the Chicago Reader also felt that it contained <mask>'s finest work: "He's inscrutable yet welcoming, intimidating yet charismatic, villainous yet fatherly. He epitomizes so many things at once that it's impossible to think of [Dodd] as mere movie character". <mask> and Phoenix received a joint Volpi Cup Award at the Venice Film Festival for their performances, and <mask> was also nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, a BAFTA Award and a SAG Award for the supporting role.A Late Quartet was <mask>'s other film release of 2012, where he played a violinist in a string quartet whose members (played by Christopher Walken, Catherine Keener, and Mark Ivanir) face a crisis when one is diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. The drama received favorable reviews, and Stephen Holden of The New York Times called <mask>'s performance "exceptional". In 2013, <mask> joined the popular Hunger Games series in its second film, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, where he played gamemaker Plutarch Heavensbee. The film finished as the 10th-highest grossing in history to that point, and <mask> became recognizable to a new generation of film-goers. In January 2014, shortly before his death, he attended the Sundance Film Festival to promote two films. In Anton Corbijn's A Most Wanted Man, a thriller based on John le Carré's novel, <mask> played a German intelligence officer. His performance was praised by Xan Brooks as one of "terrific, lip-smacking relish: full of mischief, anchored by integrity."The other was God's Pocket, the directorial debut of actor John Slattery, in which <mask> played a thief. In November 2014, nine months after his death, <mask> was seen in The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1. At the time of his death, <mask> was filming The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2, the final film in the series, and had already completed the majority of his scenes. His two remaining scenes were rewritten to compensate for his absence, and the film was released in November 2015. <mask> was also preparing for his second directorial effort, a Prohibition-era drama titled Ezekiel Moss, which was to star Amy Adams and Jake Gyllenhaal. In addition, he had filmed a pilot episode for the Showtime series Happyish, in which he played the lead role of an advertising executive, but plans for a full season were put on hold following his death. The role was later passed on to Steve Coogan.Personal life

<mask> rarely mentioned his personal life in interviews, stating in 2012 that he would "rather not because my family doesn't have any choice. If I talk about them in the press, I'm giving them no choice. So I choose not to." For 14 years, he was in a relationship with costume designer Mimi O'Donnell, whom he had met in 1999 when they were both working on the <mask>-directed play In Arabia We'd All Be Kings. They lived in New York City and had a son, Cooper, and two daughters. While some reports stated <mask> and O'Donnell separated in the fall of 2013, O'Donnell later said she and <mask> were both committed to their relationship, but he had moved out of their longtime residence to a nearby apartment to protect their children from the effects of his relapse into substance abuse. <mask> was also discreet about his religious and political beliefs, but it is known that he voted for the Green Party candidate Ralph Nader in the 2000 presidential election.He felt that keeping his personal life private was beneficial to his career: "The less you know about me the more interesting it will be to watch me do what I do". In a 2006 interview with 60 Minutes, <mask> revealed he had engaged in drug and alcohol misuse during his time at New York University, saying he had used "anything I could get my hands on. I liked it all." Following his graduation in 1989, he entered a drug rehabilitation program aged 22, and remained sober for 23 years. However, he relapsed in 2013, and admitted himself to drug rehabilitation for about ten days in May 2013. Death and legacy
On February 2, 2014, <mask> was found dead in the bathroom of his Manhattan apartment by a friend, playwright and screenwriter David Bar Katz. <mask> was 46.Although friends stated that <mask>'s drug use was under control at the time, detectives searching the apartment found heroin and prescription medications at the scene, and revealed that he was discovered with a syringe in his arm. After an investigation including the Manhattan Assistant District Attorney Alex Spiro, <mask>'s death was officially ruled an accident caused by "acute mixed drug intoxication, including heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and amphetamine". Michael Schwirtz of the New York Times stated "Whether <mask> had taken all of the substances on the same day, or whether any of the substances had remained in his system from earlier use, was not reported." A funeral Mass was held at St. Ignatius Loyola Church in Manhattan on February 7, 2014, and was attended by many of his former co-stars. Those who attended the funeral service included Marisa Tomei, Meryl Streep, Cate Blanchett, Julianne Moore, Ethan Hawke, Joaquin Phoenix, Laura Linney, Amy Adams, Michelle Williams, Chris Rock, Ellen Burstyn, Jerry Stiller, Louis C.K., Mike Nichols, and Diane Sawyer. <mask> was cremated. <mask> left his fortune, around US$35 million, to Mimi O'Donnell in his October 2004 will, trusting her to distribute money to their children.<mask>'s death was lamented by fans and the film industry and was described by several commentators as a considerable loss to the profession. On February 5, 2014, the LAByrinth Theatre Company honored his memory by holding a candlelight vigil, and Broadway dimmed its lights for one minute. Three weeks after <mask>'s death, David Bar Katz established the American Playwriting Foundation in the actor's memory. With the money received from a libel lawsuit against the National Enquirer (which inaccurately published that <mask> and Katz were lovers), the foundation awards an annual prize of US$45,000 to the author of an unproduced play. Katz named this the "Relentless Prize" in honor of <mask>'s dedication to the profession. Katz would later remember him by a prose poem published in The Guardian in December 2014. At the 90th Academy Awards, Sam Rockwell dedicated his win for Best Supporting Actor to him, stating at the end of his acceptance speech: "This is for my buddy, <mask>."In another tribute, actress Cate Blanchett dedicated her BAFTA trophy to <mask> when she received the award for Blue Jasmine on February 16. Reception and acting style
<mask> was held in high regard within both the film and theater industries, and he was often cited in the media as one of the finest actors of his generation. With a pudgy build and lacking matinée idol looks, he was not a typical movie actor; however, <mask> claimed that he was grateful for his appearance, as it made him believable in a wide range of roles. Joel Schumacher once said of him in 2000, "The bad news is that <mask> won't be a $25-million star. The good news is that he'll work for the rest of his life". The Aiken Standard of South Carolina referred to him as an "anti-star", whose real identity remained "amorphous and unmoored". <mask> was acutely aware that he was often too unorthodox for the Academy voters.He remarked, "I'm sure that people in the big corporations that run Hollywood don't know quite what to do with someone like me, but that's OK. I think there are other people who are interested in what I do." Most of <mask>'s notable roles came in independent films, including particularly original ones, but he also featured in several Hollywood blockbusters. He generally played supporting roles, appearing in both dramas and comedies, but was noted for his ability to make small parts memorable. Peter Bradshaw, film critic for The Guardian, felt that "Almost every single one of his credits had something special about it". <mask> was praised for his versatility and ability to fully inhabit any role, but specialized in playing creeps and misfits: "his CV was populated almost exclusively by snivelling wretches, insufferable prigs, braggarts and outright bullies" writes the journalist Ryan Gilbey. <mask> was appreciated for making these roles real, complex and even sympathetic; while Todd Louiso, director of Love Liza, believed that <mask> connected to people on screen because he looked like an ordinary man and revealed his vulnerability.Xan Brooks of The Guardian remarked that the actor's particular talent was to "take thwarted, twisted humanity and ennoble it". "The more pathetic or deluded the character," writes Gilbey, "the greater <mask>'s relish seemed in rescuing them from the realms of the merely monstrous." When asked in 2006 why he undertook such roles, <mask> responded, "I didn't go out looking for negative characters; I went out looking for people who have a struggle and a fight to tackle. That's what interests me." Work ethic
The journalist Jeff Simon described <mask> as "probably the most in-demand character actor of his generation", but <mask> claimed never to take it for granted that he would be offered roles. Although he worked hard and regularly, he was humble about his acting success, and when asked by a friend if he was having any luck he quietly replied, "I'm in a film, Cold Mountain, that has just come out." Patrick Fugit, who worked with <mask> on Almost Famous, recalled the actor was intimidating but an exceptional mentor and influence in "a school-of-hard-knocks way", remarking that "there was a certain weight that came with him".<mask> admitted that he sometimes appeared in big-budget studio films for the money, but said, "ultimately my main goal is to do good work. If it doesn't pay well, so be it." He kept himself grounded and invigorated as an actor by attempting to appear on stage once a year. <mask> occasionally changed his hair and lost or gained weight for parts, and he went to great lengths to reveal the worst in his characters. But in a 2012 interview, he confessed that performing to a high standard was a challenge: "The job isn't difficult. Doing it well is difficult." In an earlier interview with The New York Times, he explained how deeply he loved acting but added, "that deep kind of love comes at a price: for me, acting is torturous, and it's torturous because you know it's a beautiful thing ...Wanting it is easy, but trying to be great – well, that's absolutely torturous." This struggle was confirmed by the author John le Carré, who met <mask> during the adaptation of his novel A Most Wanted Man. While praising the actor's intelligence and intuition, le Carré acknowledged the burden that <mask> felt: "It was painful and exhausting work, and probably in the end his undoing. The world was too bright for him to handle." Filmography and awards

<mask> appeared in 55 films and one miniseries during his screen career spanning 22 years. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for Capote (2005), and was nominated three times for Best Supporting Actor for Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Doubt (2008), and The Master (2012). He also received five Golden Globe Award nominations (winning one), five BAFTA Award nominations (winning one), four Screen Actors Guild Awards (winning one), and won the Volpi Cup at the Venice Film Festival.<mask> remained active in theater throughout his career, starring in ten and directing 19 stage productions (predominantly in New York). He received three Tony Award nominations for his Broadway performances: two for Best Leading Actor, in True West (2000) and Death of a Salesman (2012), and one for Best Featured Actor in Long Day's Journey into Night (2003). References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 <mask> <mask> collected news and commentary at The New York Times

1967 births
2014 deaths
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Best Actor BAFTA Award winners
Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead winners
Volpi Cup for Best Actor winners
Theatre World Award winners
Method actors
Male actors from Rochester, New York
American theatre directors
American film producers
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Circle in the Square Theatre School alumni
People from Fairport, New York
American people of German descent
Drug-related deaths in New York City
Deaths by heroin overdose in New York (state)
Cocaine-related deaths in New York

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<mask> (22 September 1884 – 6 September 1947) was a highly decorated United States Marine Corps aviator who achieved the rank of lieutenant general by the end of his 40 years of service. He served as the Marine Corps' Director of Aviation from May 30, 1935, until March 10, 1939, and was one of the three senior officers of Marine Corps Aviation during World War II. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born on September 22, 1884, in Ruthven, Iowa, attending  grade and high school in Ruthven. He was graduated from Iowa State College and then studied electrical engineering for two years at the University of Idaho. He then worked for two years as topographer and draftsman for the U.S. Geological Survey at Sanke River Valley, Idaho. Early military career
He was appointed as a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps in August 1906. He served in Cuba from 1906 until 1909.<mask> was designated a student naval aviator in 1923, taking his fight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida and at Kelly Field in San Antonio, Texas. General <mask> was commended by the Secretary of the Navy for making the highest bombing score during the gunnery year 1924–25, and in 1926 he was praised by the Commandant of the Marine Corps for the high state of efficiency prevailing at Naval Air Station San Diego, California, where he then was group commander. In early 1927, <mask> as commander of the squadron VO-1M, deployed to Nicaragua as part of the United States occupation during this time referred to as the Banana Wars. They arrived at the port of Corinto on February 25 and proceeded to Managua where they began training and flying in support of their fellow Marines on the ground. On July 16, 1927, a 37-man Marine garrison in Ocotal was surrounded by several hundred sandinistas led by Augusto César Sandino. Upon getting news of the attack, then Major <mask>, flew a 5 plane detachment of DHs to help relieve the garrison. The dive-bombing runs from low altitude made by <mask> and his men marked one of the first coordinated dive-bombing attacks in aviation history.<mask> was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for his extraordinary heroism and exceptionally meritorious service in action against hostile Nicaraguan bandits during this time. On May 30, 1932, <mask> took command of the East Coast Expeditionary Force at Marine Corps Air Station Quantico, Virginia. His air command won the Schiff Trophy in 1926, 1932, and again in 1933. He led the Marine Air Detachment at the International Air Races at Chicago in September, 1933, and in the All-American Air Races at Miami, Florida, in January 1935, achieving commendable performances on both occasions. He served as director of Marine Corps Aviation from May 30, 1935, through March 10, 1939. In this role he was the senior advisor to the commandant on all aviation matters and the Marine Corps' liaison with the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics. In addition to duty at various posts in this country and extensive sea duty, Rowell served abroad in the Philippine Islands, France, Haiti, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.World War II
Early in World War II, <mask> was sent to London as an Air Attaché for duty in Cairo, Egypt. It was in the desert and in the skies over Great Britain that he was able to see the advent of fighters equipped to operate at night. He also traveled and learned all he could about RAF Coastal Command in Scotland and RAF Bomber Command in Buckinghamshire, England. Upon his return in November 1941, <mask> made a recommendation for the Marine Corps to acquire a medium-sized, long range, high-speed bomber to be used for night harassing missions. This coupled with the work of other Marines grew into the Marine PBJ night bomber program. Following these tours, <mask> served as commanding general, Marine Aircraft Wings, Pacific (MAWP), from the opening of the Guadalcanal Campaign in August 1942 until Japanese air power was driven from the Bismarck-Solomons in 1944. MAWP was based at Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Hawaii and its mission was to organize, administrate and distribute personnel and supplies for Marine Air Wings in the Pacific.On December 27, 1942, <mask> read a dispatch from Admiral Halsey on Guadalcanal speaking to the negative effects that night time raids from Japanese bombers were having on the ground troops. Based on his earlier travels and observations, Rowell immediately recommended that a night fighter unit be made "available immediately for overseas duty". This message to Marine Headquarters in Washington would be the catalyst for kicking the development of Marine Night Fighters into high gear. It was during this time that Admiral <mask> convinced Rowell that there was no longer a need for Marines to get carrier qualifications since all of their aircraft were currently based out of land based strips. This lack of foresight led to Marine pilots not being able to fly from escort carriers which were providing the close air support during amphibious landings. This would return to haunt the Marine Corps during the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign in which it was generally felt that close air support provided by pilots from the United States Navy left much to be desired. The lack of adequate air support was coupled with the feeling amongst other senior Marine aviators such as Roy Geiger and then Commandant Alexander Vandegrift that Marine aviation was not paying attention to its primary purpose of providing close air support and was too concerned with shooting down enemy aircraft.In August 1944, General Vandegrift flew to Hawaii to meet with Admiral Nimitz and his staff and came up with the solution that Marine squadrons would be assigned to escort carriers, Marine aviation would take control of aircraft directly supporting ground troops during amphibious operations and Marine Air Wing Pacific would be renamed Aircraft, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific(AirFMFPac). This new role was not welcomed by <mask> and he became so negative that he was quickly replaced by MajGen Francis P. Mulcahy in October 1944 and reassigned as the Chief of the Naval Aviation Mission to Peru, a post he held until his retirement in November 1946. In September 1944, he was awarded the Legion of Merit for outstanding service as commanding general, Marine Aircraft Wings Pacific from August 1942 to September 1944. Rowell retired from the Marine Corps after 40 years of service on November 1, 1946. He died at the Naval Hospital in San Diego on September 6, 1947. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Dates of rank
Rowell's dates of rank are:

Decorations

See also

 Alfred A. Cunningham, first Marine Corps aviator and first director of Marine Corps Aviation

References

Specific

Bibliography

Web

1884 births
1947 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Marine Corps generals
United States Marine Corps World War II generals
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Air Corps Tactical School alumni
University of Idaho alumni
Iowa State University alumni
People from Palo Alto County, Iowa
American military personnel of the Banana Wars
Military personnel from Iowa

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<mask> ()
(1472, or 1486 – 22 May 1545), born Farīd Khān ()
, was the founder of the Suri Empire in India, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar. He introduced the currency of rupee. An ethnic Pashtun ruler originally from Afghanistan, <mask> took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540. After his accidental death in 1545, his son <mask> became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, <mask> overran the state of Bengal and established the Suri dynasty. A brilliant strategist, <mask> proved himself as a gifted Muslim administrator as well as a capable general.His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun. During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, he set up a new economic and military administration, issued the first Rupiya from "Tanka" and organized the postal system of the Indian Subcontinent. Some of his strategies and contributions were later idolized by the Mughal emperors, most notably Akbar. <mask> further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra, which had been in decline since the 7th century CE, as Patna. He extended the Grand Trunk Road from Chittagong in the frontiers of the province of Bengal in northeast India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country. The influence of his innovations and reforms extended far beyond his brief reign; his arch foe, Humayun, referred to him as “Ustad-I-Badshahan”, teacher of kings. In the seven years of his reign he never lost a battle.Early life and origin
His grandfather Ibrahim Khan Sur, who started out as a horse trader, became a landlord (Jagirdar) in Narnaul area (present-day Haryana), representing his patron Jamal Khan Lodi Sarangkhani, who assigned him a few villages in Hissar. Sikandar Lodi appointed Sarangkhani, who supported Sikandar's struggle to the throne, as governor of Jaunpur area (present-day Uttar Pradesh) after its conquest. Jamal's son and successor Khan-i-Azam Ahmad Khan Sarangkhani, with a rank of 20,000 sawars, further appointed Ibrahim Sur's son Hasan, a leader of Afghan freebooters, to the iqta of Sasaram and Khawaspur-Thanda with a rank of 500 sawars. Mazar of Suri's grandfather Ibrahim Khan Sur still stands as a monument in Narnaul. Historian Satish Chandra writes that, "We do not know precisely when and where Farid, later <mask> <mask>, was born. The consensus of opinion among modern scholars is that he was born in Narnaul in 1486 or so, during the reign of Bahlol Lodi." However, the online Encyclopædia Britannica states that he was born in Sasaram (Bihar), in the Rohtas district.He was one of eight sons of Hassan Khan. Farid came to Jaunpur, where he studied literature, poetry, and history. During his early age, Farid was given a village in Fargana, Delhi (comprising present-day districts of Bhojpur, Buxar, Bhabhua of Bihar)  by Omar Khan Sarwani, an ethnic Pashtun himself, the counselor and courtier of Bahlul Khan Lodi. Farid Khan and his father, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar, who had several wives, did not get along for a while so he decided to run away from home. When his father discovered that he fled to serve Jamal Khan, the governor of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, he wrote Jamal Khan a letter that stated: Jamal Khan had advised Farid to return home but he refused. Farid replied in a letter:

His surname 'Suri' was taken from his Pashtun Sur tribe. He was a distant kinsman to Babur's brother-in-law, <mask> Jamal, who remained loyal to Humayun.The name Sher (means lion or tiger in the older pronunciation of Persian) was conferred upon him for his courage, when as a young man, he killed a tiger that leapt suddenly upon the king of Bihar. Conquest of Bihar and Bengal

Farid Khan started his service under Bahar Khan Lohani, the Mughal Governor of Bihar. Because of his valour, Bahar Khan rewarded him the title <mask> Khan (Lion Lord). After the death of Bahar Khan, <mask> Khan became the regent ruler of the minor Sultan, Jalal Khan. Later sensing the growth of <mask> <mask>'s power in Bihar, Jalal sought the assistance of Ghiyasuddin Mahmud <mask>, the independent Sultan of Bengal. Ghiyasuddin sent an army under General Ibrahim Khan. But, <mask> Khan defeated the force at the battle of Surajgarh in 1534 after forming an alliance with Ujjainiya Rajputs and other local chiefdoms.Thus he achieved complete control of Bihar. In 1537, <mask> Khan attacked Bengal and defeated Mahmud <mask>. But he could not capture the kingdom because of the sudden expedition of Emperor Humayun. On 26 June 1539, <mask> Khan faced Humayun in the Battle of Chausa and defeated him. Assuming the title Farīd al-Dīn Shēr <mask>, he defeated Humayun once again at Kannauj in May 1540 and forced him out of India. Conquest of Malwa
After the death of <mask> of Gujarat in 1537, Qadir <mask> became the new ruler of Malwa Sultanate. He then turned for support towards the Rajput and Muslim noblemen of the Khilji rule of Malwa.Puran Mal and Bhupat Rai, sons of Raja Silhadi, accepted service under the regime of Malwa in recognition of their interest in the Raisen region. By 1540, Bhupat Rai had died and Puran Mal had become the dominant force in eastern Malwa. In 1542, <mask> <mask> conquered Malwa without a fight and Qadir <mask> fled to Gujarat. He then appointed Shuja'at Khan as the governor of Malwa who reorganised the administration and made Sarangpur the seat of Malwa's government. <mask> <mask> then ordered Puran Mal to be brought before him. Puran Mal agreed to accept his lordship and left his brother Chaturbhuj under <mask> <mask>'s service. In exchange <mask> <mask> vowed to safeguard Puran Mal and his land.The Muslim women of Chanderi, which <mask> <mask> had taken under his rule, came to him and accused Puran Mal of killing their husbands and enslaving their daughters. They threatened to denounce <mask> <mask> on the Day of Resurrection if he did not avenge them. Upon reminding them of his pledge to safeguard Puran Mal, they told him to consult his ulema. The ulema issued a fatwa declaring that Puran Mal deserved death. <mask> <mask> later had his troops encircle Puran Mal's camp. Upon seeing this, Puran Mal beheaded his wife and ordered the other Rajputs to kill their families too. Nizamuddin Ahmad writes that 4,000 Rajputs of importance were there.`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni puts the number of Rajputs at 10,000. Historian Abbas Sarwani describes a scene of the battle thus, "While the Hindus were employed in putting their women and families to death, the Afghans on all sides commenced the slaughter of the Hindus. Puran Mal and his companions... failed not to exhibit valour and gallantry, but in the twinkling of an eye all were slain." Only a few women and children survived. Puran Mal's daughter was given to minstrels to be a dancing girl while his three nephews were castrated. As an excuse for the treachery, <mask> <mask> claimed it as a revenge for enslavement of Muslim women and that he had once, when seriously ill, pledged to wipe out the Rajputs of Raisen. Conquest of Marwar

In 1543, <mask> <mask> with a huge force of 80,000 cavalry set out against Maldeo Rathore (a Rajput king of Marwar).Maldeo Rathore with an army of 50,000 cavalry advanced to face <mask> <mask>'s army. Instead of marching to the enemy's capital <mask> <mask> halted in the village of Sammel in the pargana of Jaitaran, ninety kilometres east of Jodhpur. After one month of skirmishing, <mask> <mask>'s position became critical owing to the difficulties of food supplies for his huge army. To resolve this situation, <mask> <mask> resorted to a cunning ploy. One evening, he dropped forged letters near the Maldeo's camp in such a way that they were sure to be intercepted. These letters indicated, falsely, that some of Maldeo's army commanders were promising assistance to <mask> <mask>. This caused great consternation to Maldeo, who immediately (and wrongly) suspected his commanders of disloyalty.Maldeo left for Jodhpur with his own men, abandoning his commanders to their fate. After that Maldeo's innocent generals Jaita and Kumpa fought with just a few thousand men against an enemy force of 80,000 men and cannons. In the ensuing battle of Sammel (also known as battle of Giri Sumel), <mask> <mask> emerged victorious, but several of his generals lost their lives and his army suffered heavy losses. <mask> <mask> is said to have commented that "for a few grains of bajra (millet, which is the main crop of barren Marwar) I almost lost the entire kingdom of Hindustan." According to Mughal historian Badauni, <mask> <mask>'s use of elephant troops helped him defeat the Rajput army. After this victory, <mask> <mask>'s general Khawas Khan Marwat took possession of Jodhpur and occupied the territory of Marwar from Ajmer to Mount Abu in 1544. Government and administration

The system of tri-metalism which came to characterise Mughal coinage was introduced by <mask> <mask>.While the term rūpya had previously been used as a generic term for any silver coin, during his rule the term rūpee came to be used as the name for a silver coin of a standard weight of 178 grains, which was the precursor of the modern rupee. Rupee is today used as the national currency in India, Indonesia, Maldives, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, Sri Lanka among other countries. Gold coins called the Mohur weighing 169 grains and copper coins called Paisa were also minted by his government. According to numismatists Goron and Goenka, it is clear from coins dated AH 945 (1538 AD) that <mask> Khan had assumed the royal title of Farid al-<mask> <mask> and had coins struck in his own name even before the battle of Chausa. <mask> <mask> was responsible for greatly rebuilding and modernizing the Grand Trunk Road, a major artery which runs all the way from modern day Bangladesh to Afghanistan. Caravanserais (inns) and mosques were built and trees were planted along the entire stretch on both sides of the road to provide shade to travelers. Wells were also dug, especially along the western section.He also established an efficient postal system, with mail being carried by relays of horse riders. <mask> <mask> built several monuments including Rohtas Fort (now a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Pakistan), many structures in the Rohtasgarh Fort in Bihar, the Sher Shah Suri Masjid in Patna, the Qila-i-Kuhna mosque inside the Purana Qila complex in Delhi, and the Sher Mandal, an octagonal building also inside the Purana Qila complex, which later served as the library of Humayun. He built a new city, Bhera, in present-day Pakistan in 1545, including within it a grand masjid named after him. <mask> <mask> is generally viewed as tolerant of Hindus, except in the massacre following the surrender of Raisen. Tarikh-i-Sher <mask>i (History of Sher <mask>), written by Abbas Khan Sarwani, a waqia-navis under later Mughal Emperor, Akbar around 1580, provides a detailed documentation about <mask> <mask>'s administration. Death and succession

<mask> <mask> started the siege of Kalinjar in 1543 and was killed on 22 May 1545 during the siege of Kalinjar fort. When all tactics to subdue this fort failed, <mask> <mask> ordered the walls of the fort to be blown up with gunpowder, but he was seriously wounded as a result of the explosion of a mine when the Rajput garrison of the fort attacked his encampment at night.He was succeeded by his son, Jalal Khan, who then continued the siege and slaughtered the whole Rajput garrison of Kalinjar fort and took the title of <mask> Suri. His mausoleum, the Sher Shah Suri Tomb (122 ft high), stands in the middle of an artificial lake at Sasaram, a town on the Grand Trunk Road. Legacy

Destruction of cities
<mask> <mask> suri is accused by `Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni and other Muslim historians for destroying old cities while founding new ones on their ruins after his own name. Shergarh is one of the prime examples, representing a deserted town with a fort in ruins, which, in old times, used to be a thriving place where Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism co-existed peacefully. This can be evidently derived from the various inscriptions found in the area. <mask> <mask> is also said to have destroyed Dinpanah, which Humayun was constructing as the "sixth city of Delhi". The new city, Shergarh, built by him, was itself destroye in 1555 after Humayun re-conquered the territory from the Surs.Tarikh-i-Da'udi states, however, that he destroyed Siri. Abbas Sarwani states that he had the older city of Delhi destroyed. Tarikh-i-Khan Jahan states that Salim <mask>i had built a wall around Humayun's imperial city. In popular culture
<mask> Khan (1962) an Indian Hindi-language action film by Radhakant starring Kamaljeet in the titular role along with Kumkum is ostensibly based on the emperor's life. Shershah Suri, a television show about the emperor aired on Doordarshan, the Indian national public broadcaster. Gallery

See also
 Isa Khan Niazi
 Haibat Khan Niazi
 <mask> Khan
 Pathan of Bihar
 List of rulers of Bengal
 History of Bengal
 History of Bangladesh
 History of India
 Shershahabadia community

References

Further reading
 Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi
 Tarikh-i Khan Jahani wa Makhzan-i Afghani
 Edward Thomas (1871) The Chronicles of the Pathan Kings of Delhi
 Sir Olaf Caroe, The Pathans

 "Sher <mask>i; A Fresh Perspective"; Bashir Ahmad Khan Matta (Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan) 2006

External links
 The earliest extant account of Sher Shah Sur
 Roads and Sarais (inns) of Sher Shah Suri
 Cannons of Sher Shah Suri
 Sher <mask> Suri aimed at eradicating poverty from his empire

Sur Empire
1486 births
1545 deaths
Indian people of Pashtun descent
Indian Muslims
15th-century Indian monarchs
Pashtun people
People from Bihar
People from Rohtas District
16th-century Indian monarchs
City founders

masks:
Sher Shah Suri
Sher Shah
Islam Shah
Sher Shah
Sher Shah
Suri
Sher
Shah
Mir Shah
Sher
Sher
Sher
Shah
Shah
Sher
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Bahadur Shah
Shah
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Shah
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
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Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
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Shah
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Shah Suri
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
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Din Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Shah
Shah
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Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Islam Shah
Sher
Shah
Sher
Shah
Shah Sur
Sher
Shere
Shah Sur
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<mask> (16 October 183724 November 1916) was an English composer, pianist and teacher. Life
<mask> was born on 16 October 1837 at St John's Wood, London. His father was <mask> (1810-1898), a professor of music, and his uncle was the composer <mask>. <mask> carried on the traditions of the family as a composer and teacher. He obtained a Queen's Scholarship at the Royal Academy of Music, London, in 1849 studying under William Sterndale Bennett and developing into an accomplished pianist. In 1857 he travelled to Leipzig to study composition and piano, playing Mendelssohn's Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor at a Gewandhaus concert on 22 March 1860.His teachers at the Conservatoire in Leipzig were the great pianist Ignaz Moscheles (who had been a pupil of Beethoven), Moritz Hauptmann, Julius Rietz and Louis Plaidy. Whilst at Leipzig, <mask> formed a close friendship with his fellow-student Arthur Sullivan. Returning to London in 1860, <mask> enjoyed a successful career as a pianist for some years but concentrated increasingly on composition and teaching. He played Beethoven's Emperor Concerto at a New Philharmonic Society concert in London on 16 April 1860, also playing the same composer's Piano Concerto No.3 at a Philharmonic Society concert in London on 10 June 1861. <mask> became noticed as a composer with his Symphony in A minor (1864), and followed this with a number of large-scale works: his cantatas The Ancient Mariner and Paradise and the Peri were first performed at the 1867 and 1870 Birmingham Festivals respectively, whilst his oratorio The Raising of Lazarus was first performed at a New Philharmonic Society concert in 1873, being repeated at the 1876 Three Choirs Festival held that year in Hereford. During this period, <mask> also composed several other orchestral and instrumental works. Although major commissions became fewer, he secured a first performance of his cantata The Building of the Ship at the 1880 Leeds Festival and his last major composition, the cantata The Eve of St Agnes, was given at a concert of the London Choral Society in 1913.During his lifetime, <mask>'s most popular work was The Ancient Mariner which received nine performances during the 1886–87 season and was still being heard (once) during the 1926–27 season. In 1947, Percy Scholes surveyed a century of The Musical Times (1844-1944) and took the view that

"<mask>hnian style and idiom." The British musicologist Nicholas Temperley judged that

"<mask>'s music ultimately died because of its self-effacing politeness. Although he managed to update his style in some of his later cantatas [...] his best work was The Ancient Mariner (Birmingham Festivan 1867). At a time when literary considerations were beginning to weigh more heavily on composers' minds, <mask> remained curiously insensitive to the problems of word-setting." <mask> largely concurred with this assessment:

"Sullivan, Macfarren and J. F. <mask> [...] were the chief composers of choral music in the high Victorian tradition. Their work, particularly that of Sullivan, has plenty of zest and colour, but its idiom is unadventurous and the subject matter (when not biblical) is at best conventionally Romantic, at worst jejune."In 1883 <mask> was appointed as a Professor at the Royal College of Music where his students included Marmaduke Barton and he also took an active teaching role as a Professor at the Guildhall School of Music, London. His realisation of Schubert's incomplete Symphony No.7 in E, D.729, was first performed at the Crystal Palace, London, on 5 May 1883. George Grove had originally offered the task of completion to Arthur Sullivan but Sullivan turned it down. At the performance of <mask>'s completion, Schubert's original autograph sketch, which was owned by Grove (who had obtained it through Mendelssohn's brother Paul, who in turn had obtained it from Schubert's brother Ferdinand), was proudly displayed in the Central Transept of the Crystal Palace. <mask> recalled how, when he had only completed his version of the first movement, Schubert's manuscript sketch was almost lost forever when Grove and W. S. Rockstro left it on a train. A description of <mask>'s completion was published in 1891:  The score was subsequently published by Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig. <mask> <mask> was twice married, his first wife having died in 1882 giving birth to their fourth child.One of their daughters, Alice May Cook, became a notable artist. Several later members of his family became successful musicians, namely his grandson <mask> Cook (1908-1992), who changed his name by deed poll to <mask> and became well known as a flautist and teacher; and his great-granddaughters Judith Fitton (flautist), <mask> (oboist) and <mask> (soprano). Autobiography

In 1906 <mask> published Musical Reminiscences and Impressions. Novello, Ewer & Co., London, issued a full orchestral score of The Ancient Mariner together with vocal scores of The Ancient Mariner, Paradise and the Peri, The Raising of Lazarus, The Triumph of Labour, The Wishing-Bell and The Eve of St Agnes. Joseph Williams, London, published a full orchestral score and a piano score of Im alten Styl, together with a vocal score of The Good Shepherd. Hutchings & Romer, London, published vocal scores of The Ancient Mariner and The Good Shepherd together with piano scores of movements from The Lay of the Last Minstrel and the Sonata Romantique. Patey & Willis, London, published a vocal score of The Building of the Ship together with Home Scenes and piano scores of The Flowing Tide and The Ebbing Tide.Stanley Lucas, Weber & Co., London, published The Sea-Fairies. Augener & Co., London, published the separate parts of the String Quartet in D minor and the Piano Trio in C minor, together with the Piano Sonata in E minor, Musical Landscapes, Seven Characteristic Studies and Wayside Sketches. Rudall, Carte & Co., London, issued the Flute Sonata in G minor. Autograph scores of The Building of the Ship, the Missa de angelis, Overture symphonique, The Winter's Tale and two unspecified "orchestral pieces" are held by the Library of the Royal College of Music, London (Add.Mss 4239–4242) together with The Ancient Mariner, Paradise and the Peri, The Raising of Lazarus, The Wishing-Bell and The Eve of St Agnes (Add.Mss 5033a-g). References

External links

1837 births
1916 deaths
English classical composers
English classical pianists
19th-century pianists
19th-century English musicians
Oratorio composers

masks:
John Francis Barnett
John Francis Barnett
Joseph Alfred Barnett
John Barnett
John Francis
Barnett
Barnett
Barnett
Barnett
Barnett
Barnettsso
Barnett
Barnett
John Caldwell
Barnett
Barnett
Barnett
Barnett
Barnett
John Francis
Barnett
John Francis
John Francis
Sarah Francis
Hannah Francis
Barnett


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<mask> (; born July 19, 1979) is an American former professional baseball center fielder, right fielder, and pitcher. Ankiel played in Major League Baseball from 1999 through 2013 for the St. Louis Cardinals, Kansas City Royals, Atlanta Braves, Washington Nationals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. Ankiel was a pitcher with the Cardinals from 1999 until 2001, when he found himself unable to throw strikes consistently. After trying to regain his pitching form in the minor leagues and briefly returning to the majors in 2004, he switched to the outfield in early 2005. For two and a half years, he honed his skills as a hitter and fielder in the Cardinals' minor-league system. He returned to the Cardinals on August 9, 2007. As a Cardinal until 2009, Ankiel hit 47 home runs as an outfielder and two as a pitcher.After the 2009 season, Ankiel became a free agent. Subsequently, he was signed by the Royals and later was traded to the Braves. Ankiel became the second player after Babe Ruth, the third being Shohei Ohtani, to have won at least 10 games as a pitcher and also hit at least 70 home runs. Ankiel is also the only player other than Ruth to both start a postseason game as a pitcher and hit a home run in the postseason as a position player. His change of position, and the fact that he played for six teams in a five-season span, suggest that Ankiel's playing history represents "one of the stranger careers in baseball history" in the words of journalist Barry Petchesky. Early career
<mask> attended Port St. Lucie High School in Florida, where he went 11–1 with a 0.47 earned run average (ERA) during his senior season, striking out 162 batters in 74 innings pitched, and was named the High School Player of the Year by USA Today in 1997. The St. Louis Cardinals selected Ankiel in the second round of the 1997 Major League Baseball Draft.He received a $2.5 million signing bonus. In 1998, he was voted the best pitching prospect in both the Carolina and Midwest League, and was the Carolina League's All-Star starting pitcher, Baseball Americas first-team Minor League All-Star starting pitcher, and the Cardinals' Minor League Player of the Year. That year, he led all minor league pitchers in strikeouts with 222. In 1999, <mask> was named the Minor League Player of the Year by both Baseball America and USA Today. He was also Texas League All-Star pitcher, Double-A All-Star starting pitcher, Cardinals Minor League Player of the Year, and Baseball America First Team Minor League All-Star starting pitcher. Major league career

1999 and 2000 seasons
Ankiel debuted in 1999 in Montreal, against the Expos. He pitched his first full season in 2000 at the age of 20 (second youngest player in the league), posting an 11–7 record, a 3.50 ERA (tenth in the league), and 194 strikeouts (seventh in the league) in 30 games started.<mask> threw a 94- to 97-mph fastball, a heavy sinker, and a fall-off-the-table curveball that was his main strikeout pitch. He struck out batters at a rate of 9.98 strikeouts per nine innings (second in the National League only to Randy Johnson), and allowed only 7.05 hits per nine innings (second only to Chan Ho Park). He came in second (to the Atlanta Braves' Rafael Furcal) in the NL Rookie of the Year voting. He received The Sporting News Rookie Pitcher of the Year Award. 2000 postseason
The Cardinals won the National League Central Division championship in 2000. Injuries to other pitchers left <mask> and Darryl Kile as the only fully healthy starters left on the roster. Cardinals manager Tony La Russa chose Ankiel to start Game One of the National League Division Series against veteran pitcher Greg Maddux of the Braves.To shield Ankiel from media pressure, La Russa had Kile answer questions to the media as if to start Game One, and afterwards informed the media that Ankiel was starting. In Game One, Ankiel did not allow a run through the first two innings. His performance suddenly deteriorated in the third. He allowed four runs on two hits, four walks and throwing five wild pitches before being removed with two outs. Despite Ankiel facing eight batters and throwing 35 pitches, the Cardinals won the game. Ankiel shrugged off the event, joking that he was the first pitcher to throw five wild pitches in an inning since Bert Cunningham of the Players' League in 1890. In his next start, Game Two of the National League Championship Series against the New York Mets, Ankiel was removed in the first inning after throwing 20 pitches, five of which went past catcher Eli Marrero (only two were official wild pitches, as no runners were on base for the others), and the first of which sailed over the head of Mets' hitter Timo Perez.<mask> appeared again in the seventh inning of Game Five facing four hitters, walking two and throwing two more wild pitches. The Cardinals lost the series four games to one to the Mets. The source of <mask>'s problems were unknown, and his loss of control, often called "the yips" in sports, has been compared to that of Steve Blass, who also became unable to consistently throw strikes for unknown reasons. A section of a book about Cardinals manager Tony LaRussa, Three Nights in August, details <mask>'s rise to the big leagues and loss of control as a pitcher in 2000–2001. LaRussa has stated that putting Ankiel into Game One of the 2000 NLDS was "a decision that perhaps haunts him more than any he has ever made." Aftermath

Ankiel returned to the majors in 2001 but again had issues controlling his pitches, walking 25 batters and throwing five wild pitches in 24 innings, and was sent down to Triple-A. His problems in the minors became dramatic.In  innings, Ankiel walked 17 batters and threw 12 wild pitches, accumulating a 20.77 ERA. He was demoted all the way down to the Rookie League Johnson City Cardinals, where he was successful as both a starting pitcher and a part-time designated hitter (sporting a .638 slugging percentage with 10 home runs and 35 RBIs in 105 at-bats). He was voted Rookie Level Player of the Year, Appalachian League All-Star left-handed pitcher, Rookie League All-Star starting pitcher, Appalachian League Pitcher of the Year, and Appalachian League All-Star designated hitter. In 2002, Ankiel sat out the season due to a left elbow sprain, and was not cleared to throw until December. He returned to the minors in 2003, posting a 6.29 ERA in 10 starts before undergoing season-ending ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (Tommy John surgery) for his left elbow in July. In  innings, he walked 49 batters and threw 10 wild pitches. <mask> returned to the majors in September 2004, posting a 5.40 ERA in five relief appearances.<mask>'s control problems appeared to be gone, as he walked just one while striking out nine in ten innings. In the minors, he walked only two batters in  innings, while striking out 23. However, on March 9, 2005, after a successful winter pitching in the Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League, Ankiel announced that he was switching to the outfield, after a spring training game in which he threw only three strikes out of 20 pitches. He slugged .514 in Single-A, and .515 in Double-A, with 5 outfield assists in 55 games. 2006 season
In 2006, <mask> was invited to spring training by the Cardinals as an outfielder, with a slim chance to make the team as a reserve player. His fielding impressed scouts and managers, and he had shown flashes of power hitting in the minor leagues. However, he injured his left knee before the season started, and had season-ending surgery on May 26.2007 season
<mask> was invited to the Cardinals' 2007 spring training and began that season at Triple-A Memphis Redbirds. On May 28, 2007, he hit two home runs in a game against the Round Rock Express. He also hit an RBI double and made an over-the-shoulder catch in deep center field that saved two runs. <mask> was named a starting outfielder for the 2007 Triple-A All-Star Game. Through August 8, he had 32 home runs, 89 RBIs, and was hitting .267, including a three-home run performance on June 16 against the Iowa Cubs. He was the home run leader in the Pacific Coast League, and tied for second in RBIs. Defensively, Ankiel had seven errors in 95 games.Return to the majors
On August 9, 2007, the Cardinals promoted <mask> from Memphis after a roster spot was vacated by Scott Spiezio's departure. In his first game, <mask> batted second and played right field. In his first at bat, he received a prolonged standing ovation from the St. Louis crowd. During the seventh inning, he hit a three-run home run off Doug Brocail to right field to help the Cardinals defeat the San Diego Padres, 5–0. It was his first home run in the majors since April 2000 (as a pitcher), and made him the first player since Clint Hartung (1947) to hit his first major league home run as a pitcher and then hit a home run as a position player. The player before Hartung who accomplished this was Babe Ruth. After the game, Tony La Russa said that his only happier moment as a Cardinal was when they won the 2006 World Series.Two days later, against the Dodgers on August 11, Ankiel drew three standing ovations. He had three hits, including two home runs and three RBIs and made a spectacular catch in right field. Ankiel's comeback prompted syndicated columnist Charles Krauthammer to write on August 17, 2007:

Ankiel hit his first grand slam in St. Louis against left-hander Eddie Guardado of the Cincinnati Reds on August 31 with the team trailing, 4–3, for an 8–5 win that broke a tie with Red Schoendienst for La Russa for most wins by a Cardinals manager. In a home game against the Pittsburgh Pirates on September 6, he recorded his second two–home run game of the season with a 3-for-4, 7-RBI effort, along with an over-the-shoulder catch in deep right field. On September 23, Ankiel had his first walk-off hit, a two-run triple to win the last Sunday Night Baseball game of the season – against the Astros, 4–3. Ankiel finished the year with a .285 batting average, 11 home runs, 39 RBIs, a .328 on-base percentage, .535 slugging percentage, and an .863 OPS in 47 games and 172 at-bats. The Cardinals, who had won division titles from 2004–2006 and the 2006 World Series, finished 2007 with a 78–84 record and missed the playoffs.Following the season, Ankiel admitted to using human growth hormone (HGH), but said he was following doctor's orders. HGH was not banned by Major League Baseball until 2005. Major League Baseball concluded that there was insufficient evidence of any wrongdoing by Ankiel. 2008 season
Ankiel helped the Cardinals defeat the Colorado Rockies on May 6 by recording two outfield assists and a home run to propel St. Louis to a 6-5 victory. Ankiel, on both assists, threw the ball from deep center field to Troy Glaus at third on the fly. He finished 2008 with a .264 batting average, 25 home runs, and 71 runs batted in. 2009 season
<mask> was the Cardinals' leading hitter in spring training but struggled at the plate when the season started.During a May 4 game against the Philadelphia Phillies, Ankiel collided with the outfield wall and was carried off the field. The injury was reported as whiplash, and <mask> was placed on the disabled list on May 7. He was re-activated on May 24. Ankiel platooned with Colby Rasmus for much of the remainder of the year and finished the season with 11 home runs, 38 RBI, and a .231 batting average. 2010 season
In January 2010, <mask> signed a one-year, $3.25 million contract with the Kansas City Royals. He began the season as the Royals' starting center fielder, but was placed on the disabled list in early May with a strained right quadriceps after playing sparingly from April 24 on. He was activated on July 23, and replaced an injured David DeJesus midway through the game in center field.On July 31, Ankiel and reliever Kyle Farnsworth were traded to the Atlanta Braves for Jesse Chavez, Gregor Blanco and Tim Collins. On October 8, in the second game of the 2010 NLDS against the San Francisco Giants, <mask> hit his first career postseason home run into McCovey Cove off Giants reliever Ramón Ramírez in the top of the 11th inning, leading the Braves to a 5–4 win. <mask> joined Barry Bonds as the only two players to hit a ball into the cove in the postseason. Speaking on television after the game, Ankiel called the home run "the pinnacle of anything I've ever done." He finished the 2010 season with a .232 batting average, 6 home runs, and 24 RBI in only 74 games. 2011 season

On November 2, 2010, the Braves declined Ankiel's club option, making him a free agent. On December 20, 2010, the Washington Nationals signed him to a one-year, $1.5 million contract.<mask> played in 122 games for the Nationals in 2011, hitting .239 with 9 home runs and 37 RBIs while platooning in center field with Roger Bernadina. He had a .996 fielding percentage for the season, committing one error in 113 games in the outfield. 2012 season
The Nationals re-signed <mask> to a one-year, $1.25 million minor league deal for 2012. He began the season on the disabled list, rehabbing in the minors. Once promoted, his role was limited as a backup outfielder. In 68 games, he hit .228 with five home runs and 15 RBIs in 158 at-bats. He started 37 games in center field and played 62 total games in center with a .983 fielding percentage.On July 19, Nationals closer Drew Storen was added to the roster, and <mask> was designated for assignment by the Nationals to make room. On July 27, <mask> was released by the Nationals. 2013 season

On January 17, 2013, the Houston Astros signed <mask> with an invite to spring training as a non-roster invitee. On March 31, <mask> homered in the Astros' regular season opener against the Texas Rangers in Houston. He was designated for assignment on May 6 and released shortly thereafter. One week later on May 13, the New York Mets signed <mask> and immediately placed him into their starting lineup. He collected two hits, including a two-run homer, against the Cardinals in St. Louis on May 15.His offensive production regressed, and following an 0-for-4, three-strikeout performance against the Miami Marlins on June 8 (giving him a combined 60 strikeouts in 128 at-bats for the season), <mask> was designated for assignment by the Mets. He became a free agent on June 13. In 45 games, he batted .188 with 7 home runs and 18 RBI and a .422 slugging percentage. Retirement
<mask> announced his retirement from Major League Baseball on March 5, 2014. On January 8, 2015, the Washington Nationals announced that they had hired Ankiel as a "Life Skills Coordinator." In this role, Ankiel mentors players both at the major league level as well as in the Nationals' farm system. In April 2017, Ankiel's memoir, The Phenomenon: Pressure, The Yips, and the Pitch that Changed My Life, was published.In August 2018, <mask> stated that he was "toying with" the idea of possibly pitching in professional baseball again. Later that month, <mask> announced that he was planning a return to Major League Baseball for the 2019 season as a pitcher. In October, he underwent "primary repair" surgery, an alternative to Tommy John surgery, in his pitching elbow. <mask> officially ended his comeback attempt on July 30, 2019. He was eligible to be elected into the Hall of Fame in 2019, but received less than 5% of the vote and became ineligible for the 2020 ballot. After retiring, <mask> became a commentator and studio analyst for Bally Sports Midwest, frequently joining Dan McLaughlin in calling Cardinals games. Personal life
<mask> lives in Jupiter, Florida with wife, Lory.They have two sons. He periodically joins Cardinals television broadcasts. In popular culture
The 2016 film, The Phenom, starring Ethan Hawke, Johnny Simmons, and Paul Giamatti, is loosely based on Ankiel's personal life and professional struggles. See also

 List of Major League Baseball players named in the Mitchell Report
 Two-way player

Notes

External links

 Ankiel's Official Website
 Baseball Prospectus stats
 <mask>'s page at stlcardinals.scout.com

1979 births
Living people
People from Fort Pierce, Florida
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball center fielders
St. Louis Cardinals players
Kansas City Royals players
Atlanta Braves players
Washington Nationals players
Houston Astros players
New York Mets players
Palm Beach Cardinals players
Memphis Redbirds players
Springfield Cardinals players
Tennessee Smokies players
Arkansas Travelers players
Peoria Chiefs players
Johnson City Cardinals players
Prince William Cannons players
Swing of the Quad Cities players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Omaha Royals players
Harrisburg Senators players
Gulf Coast Nationals players
Hagerstown Suns players
Baseball players from Florida

masks:
Richard Alexander Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Ankiel
Rick
Ankiel
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<mask> (August 1, 1916 – January 30, 1995) was an American photographer who became a secret FBI informant within the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) under the name <mask>. Calomiris spent seven years undercover in the party from February 1942 until April 26, 1949, when she was called to testify in the trial of eleven CPUSA leaders, who were convicted of conspiracy to advocate the overthrow of the US government on October 13, 1949. Background
The daughter of Greek immigrants, <mask> was born in New York City on August 1, 1916, and grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Her father was a furrier, who lost his job during the Great Depression and was forced to support his family through menial labor. Calomiris attended Brooklyn College and Hunter College of the City University of New York for two years, and decided to become a professional photographer, having fallen in love with photography as a child. Career

After her studies, <mask> took up residence in Greenwich Village and "instead of buying food, she saved money to buy a camera". She worked for Broadway photographer Hal Phyfe and also joined the Photo League, a group of amateur photographic enthusiasts, which included a number of communists among its members.Sid Grossman, director of the Photo League's school, recruited her; Leona Saron was the Party operative to whom she first reported. FBI Informant

In February 1942, Calomiris was approached by two FBI agents, who asked her if she would be willing to infiltrate the CPUSA as an informant. The agents told her that she would receive neither money nor glory for her work, and that she would be disavowed if discovered, possibly putting her in personal danger, but Calomiris accepted their offer anyway after a week of deliberation. In the end she was well paid and earned a respectable pay check despite claims to the contrary. When asked about her decision in 1950, <mask> told The New York Times that she accepted the offer because she "kind of wanted to be a hero." Her FBI handlers advised her to "never act conspiratorially or try to pry into party secrets", but rather to simply gather and report whatever information came her way. A few weeks after meeting with the FBI, Calomiris attended a lecture about Soviet efforts in World War II, where she was recruited by communist organizers.She then agreed to join the party, but was advised by her communist recruiters that she should take an assumed name for security reasons and chose the name <mask>. <mask> then rose quickly through the ranks of the party by volunteering for jobs that no one else wanted to do. Over her time in the party, she served as educational director, branch organizer, and co-section organizer of the West Midtown Branch of the CPUSA, before rising to the position of finance secretary. As finance secretary, Calomiris had access to extensive information on party members, including the real names of all members of the branch and the leaders of the national party, and passed all of this information to the FBI. Throughout the time that Calomiris served as an informant, she supported herself as a professional photographer, specializing in animal photographs, but the FBI also paid her a salary (a fact which Calomiris later denied) and covered her expenses, including Communist Party dues. Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders

During World War II, the US Department of Justice avoided prosecuting American communists, to avoid antagonizing the Soviet Union, then a military ally. After the end of the war, they began compiling a case against the leadership of the CPUSA, using evidence from informants, including Calomiris.John McGohey, the US Attorney for the Southern District of New York, was given the lead role in prosecuting the cases and, under the Smith Act, presented charges against twelve communist leaders on July 20, 1948. The defendants were then indicted by a grand jury and arrested. After the arrests, Calomiris remained undercover, and continued her activities within the Party. When the trial of the communist leaders began in January, she travelled to Washington, D.C., to join a protest against the prosecutions. She also donated $50 in government money to the legal defense fund for the defendants, and was asked to help plan their legal strategy, but refused. During the trial, the prosecution decided to use Calomiris as a surprise witness and on April 26, she "stunned" the defendants by taking the stand for the prosecution. In her testimony, Calomiris identified four of the defendants, John Williamson, Benjamin J. Davis, Robert G. Thompson, and Gil Green as members of the Communist Party and provided information on its organization.She also testified that the Party espoused violent revolution against the government and that the Party had attempted to recruit members working in key war industries, on instructions from Moscow. Calomiris was then cross-examined so harshly by the defense, that the presiding judge Harold Medina rebuked the defense attorney, but the questioning "failed to shake her testimony." Around the time of the trial, Calomiris also began dating Myrtis Johnson, the sister-in-law of her FBI handler, Ken Bierly, a fact that attracted attention from the media. Celebrity after the trial

The defendants in the Foley Square trial were convicted on October 13, 1949, and Calomiris became a minor celebrity as the result of her role in the proceedings. She capitalized on the fame by writing an autobiography, Red Masquerade: Undercover for the FBI, which was published by Lippincott in 1950. George Scharsburg of the Chicago Daily Tribune wrote that the book was "well worth reading" and  A.H. Raskin of The New York Times praised it for being "as interesting for its insight into the problems that best a Government 'plant' in the party as it is for the light it throws on the jealousies, personal intrigues and divisions that exist behind the party's monolithic facade", but Richard Donnelly criticized the book in The Yale Law Journal for being "rather pretentious". After the publication of her book, <mask> went on a number of talk radio shows, appearing most notably on former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt's show on NBC, Today with Mrs. Roosevelt, where Roosevelt praised Calomiris as "a young lady of great courage."During the same period, <mask> continued to work with the FBI, providing information on a communist lesbian policewoman named Yetta Cohn, which resulted in the firing of Cohn and another woman. Later life

<mask>'s celebrity status soon began to evaporate, and a number of potential television and movie projects fell through as did offers of a photography job. Around the same time, <mask> broke up with Myrtis Johnson, and fell out with many of her friends in the New York lesbian community, who disapproved of her decision to give the FBI information on Cohn. <mask> then left New York, opening a bed and breakfast in Provincetown, Massachusetts, in the 1960s. Arriving at the start of Provincetown's transition from fishing village to seaside resort, Calomiris bought a number of prime properties, including the rooming house at 353 Commercial St. that she named Angels' Landing, which still exists today, memorializing the FBI spy. Death

<mask> died on January 30, 1995, in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. Legacy

Exhibitions of <mask>' work include:
November 4, 2011 - March 25, 2012 "The Radical Camera: New York's Photo League, 1936-1951" at Jewish Museum (New York)
March 19 - May 9, 2009 "The Women of the Photo League" at Higher Pictures Gallery, New York City

In 2008, Veronica Wilson published "Red Masquerades: Gender and Political Subversion during the Cold War, 1945-1963," as her PhD Dissertation at Rutgers University.In 2009, SUNY New Paltz theater professor John Wade wrote a play Red Masquerade, directed by Stephen Kitsakos. References

Photographers from New York City
Federal Bureau of Investigation informants
American communists of the Stalin era
American people of Greek descent
1916 births
1995 deaths
Lesbians
Members of the Communist Party USA
Brooklyn College alumni

masks:
Angela Calomiris
Angela Cole
Calomiris
Calomiris
Calomiris
Angela Cole
Calomiris
Calomiris
Calomiris
Calomiris
Calomiris
Calomiris
Calomiris
Calomiris


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<mask> (born June 30, 1965) is an American former professional basketball player. He played collegiately at Moberly Area Community College and Kansas State University. He was a six-time NBA All-Star, a five-time All-NBA Team member, and a former NBA Rookie of the Year. In 976 NBA games, <mask> averaged 21.0 points per game and 3.5 assists per game. <mask> was voted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2014. His jersey No. 2 was retired in his honor by the Sacramento Kings, for whom he played seven seasons.College career
<mask> began his college career playing for the Moberly Area Community College Greyhounds. He scored 1,023 points from 1984-1986, before joining the Kansas State Wildcats. One of the most recognizable players in Kansas State history, <mask> was a two-year letterman for head coach Lon Kruger from 1986–88. He helped guide the Wildcats to a 45–20 (.692) record, including a pair of NCAA Tournament appearances and a trip to the 1988 NCAA Midwest Regional Final. His 1,327 points are the most by a player in a two-year career. Professional career

Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)
<mask> was drafted 5th overall in the 1988 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors, following two years at Kansas State, where he averaged 20 points per game, and two years at Moberly Area Community College. <mask> captured the NBA Rookie of the Year Award in the 1988–89 season, after averaging 22 points per game for the Warriors.He was a key part of Don Nelson's fast-paced offense, focusing on Richmond and teammates Tim Hardaway and Chris Mullin which was dubbed "Run TMC" (the initials of the players' first names and a play on the name of the popular rap group Run-DMC). In addition to the shooting he provided, he complemented Hardaway's passing and fast break skills and Mullin's shooting skills by slashing to the hoop as part of the Warriors' attack. Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)
After three years of scoring 22+ points a game in Golden State, Richmond, on November 1, 1991, was traded (along with Les Jepsen) to the Sacramento Kings during the 1991–92 season in exchange for the rights to Billy Owens, and became arguably the team's first star since the franchise moved to Sacramento in 1985. Staying with the Kings until 1998, <mask> was the team's leading scorer in each of his 7 seasons there, averaging no fewer than 21.9 points a game each season. Between 1993 and 1998, <mask> was a fixture on the Western Conference's All-Star team, and he won MVP honors at the All-Star Game in Phoenix, in 1995. In the middle of his prime, <mask> was selected to the United States' Olympic team (Dream Team III), earning a gold medal in Atlanta. During his prime, <mask> was recognized as one of basketball's all-time best pure shooters.Washington Wizards (1998–2001)
Richmond was traded by the Kings, along with Otis Thorpe, to the Washington Wizards for Chris Webber in May 1998, a move that keyed the Kings' transformation from perennial doormat to an elite title contender. However, things did not work out as well for Richmond. In three years with the Wizards, he lost a lot of the shooting touch he displayed as a King, and his days as a regular were numbered after missing half of the 2000–01 season. Richmond's departure from Washington coincided with the Wizards signing Richmond's perennial rival at the shooting guard position, Michael Jordan. Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)
Richmond signed as a free agent with the Los Angeles Lakers, where he played the final year of his career. Playing strictly off the bench, he averaged 4 points a game. He earned an NBA championship ring with the Lakers in 2002 but played sparingly in the postseason, logging 4 minutes overall.In game 4 of the finals, just seconds after making the last basket of his career, <mask> dribbled out the clock to win the title with the Lakers. National team career
Before coming to the NBA, he played for the U.S. national team at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, winning the bronze medal. He became a member of the team again at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, U.S. and won the gold medal along with David Robinson, who was also on the USA men's national basketball team in 1988. In August 2010, <mask> played in the NBA Asia Challenge 2010 at Araneta Coliseum in Manila, an exhibition game which pitted NBA legends and NBA Development League players against Philippine Basketball Association stars and legends. Personal life
<mask> is the cousin of NFL defensive back Lardarius Webb. <mask> and his wife Julie have three sons, Phillip, Jerin, and <mask>, and he has a daughter Tearra Gates with Teala Jones. Shane died in 2019.Phillip played basketball as a walk-on for the Oregon Ducks from 2014–2016. Halls of Fame
<mask> was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame for 2014, and formally entered the Hall on August 8. <mask> was also inducted into the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame in San Francisco, California in 2016.

masks:
Mitchell James Richmond III
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Mitch Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Richmond
Mitch Richmond
Richmond
Shane Richmond
Mitch Richmond
Richmond


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<mask> is an American artist and most widely known as a rapper from Houston, Texas. He has garnered much attention with his unique talent to "make songs up on the spot," aka freestyle. He is not your ordinary rapper in that his message is very different from what you would typically hear in rap music. He is most recognized for his "recap raps" that were featured weekly on ESPN Radio. South by Southwest also taped <mask> for their annual South by Southwest conference and festivals and his participation as the recap rapper for the South by Southwest keynotes for 2010 to the present. Early life
Hailing from Houston, Texas, <mask> grew up without a mother and father. His mother died when he was 3 years old and he was raised by his grandmother in the ghetto of Houston, Texas.Then he moved from house to house living with different relatives. Although he made it to college, by the second semester he was kicked out for bad grades. Shortly thereafter, he went to the streets. <mask> landed a ticket in jail and was incarcerated in the Texas State Penitentiary. After serving two years, <mask> was readmitted to the University of Texas at Austin and went on to graduate with honors. Personal life
<mask>'s career in music production began when he placed a flyer promoting his services in exchange for guitar or keyboard lessons. A storyteller at heart, <mask> shares his story as a musician, filmmaker and author with the goal of changing people's lives positively.He is a filmmaker and motivational speaker who has traveled across the United States sharing his story of inspiration and the message of his autobiographical film, Tower to Tower. The film traces his "journey from prison, where he ended up after flunking out of college, and then back to UT, where he eventually graduated with a degree in Radio-Television- Film in 2002." Since graduation in 2002, "he traveled to Texas schools to inspire kids with similar backgrounds to stay out of trouble and go to college." Eight years later and he's still going and growing, making a successful transition from a hip hop artist and producer to a multi-faceted musician and full service music publisher. His music has been featured in commercials, film trailers, movies as well as on numerous websites. <mask> has gained notoriety in various avenues including the Austin South by Southwest Festival. He was featured as a rapper during the interactive session and recruited to "rap songs that recap keynotes."In 2011 he moved to Atlanta and was featured in various media outlets. His stylistic blend of hip-hop, street cred and guitar strumming offer common ground between him and much of the youth, but prison and music are a just a handful of the experiences behind his casual demeanor. He has authored a book, starred in an independent film, and in the process carved a unique career path – somewhere between “executive director” and “street tuff.”

Now <mask>, is getting paid to do what he loves, after growing up in an environment where it is just about getting paid. He plays the acoustic guitar, while rapping and singing. He is known for his on-the-spot freestyles for an ESPN affiliate. And while dropping three albums, he has started and developed his own multimedia company, ReRoute Productions. Music career

Albums and Singles
 "Dream In 3D" (2015)  received Grammy nomination consideration
 "Texas Two Step" (2015)
 "Mama" (2014)
 "I Can Only Be Me" (2013)
 "Rise" (2013)
 “Do That Hula Hoop” (2010)
 "Tower to Tower" (2010)
 "Remember The Name" (2004)
 "Get Ya Mind Right" (2004)

Music videos
 "Do That Hula Hoop ft.Rachael Lust" (2015)
 "Ima Tell The Truth" (2014)
 "RISE" (2013) screened at the first annual Austin Music Video Festival in 2015."Shine Right Now" (2011)

Collaborations and Features
 "Johnson & Johnson Gateway to Health Initiative" (2015)
 "Honey Bunches of Oats: This Is For You" (2015)
 "Welcome to Austin, Texas" #IAMBLACKAUSTIN Campaign (2015)
 "Motivation" #Action2015 +SocialGood Campaign (2015)
 "What's the Cost" Touch of the King ft. Trampia, SaulPaul, and Adrien Austin of D'tour (2014)
 "Smilebooth Rap" (2013)

SXSW Keynote Recap Raps
 Princess Reema Bint Bandar Al-Saud, CEO of Alfa, Intl. (2015)
 Logan Green, CEO and co-founder of Lyft (2015)
 Dr. Astro Teller, GoogleX (2015)
 Chelsea Clinton, Vice Chair of the Clinton Foundation (2014)
 Adam Savage, Executive Producer and Co-Host of MythBusters (2014)
  Anne Wojcicki, CEO and co-founder of 23andMe (2014)
 Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson, Astrophysicist and Author (2014)
 Austin Kloen, Author (2014)
 Elon Musk, SpaceX (2013)
 Tina Roth Eisenberg, Swiss Miss and Tattly (2013)
 Julie Uhrman of OUYA and Josh Topolsky of The Verge (2013)
 Matthew Inman, The Oatmeal (2013)
 David Grohl, Musician (2013)

Production Portfolio
Film: Star of the autobiographical film Tower to Tower
"Tower to Tower paints a textured picture of the 'hood' in which Neal grew up that was rich with pathos and struggle. The 35-minute-long film is not a typical documentary, but more of an MTV reality show." Book: Author of Tower to Tower: Dream in 3-D
SaulPaul was a featured speaker at the African American Book Festival in Austin, Texas during their "Black Men Writers Inspiring Change," themed conference. He held a workshop and shared how people can turn their passion into their profession. Television: Star in #TourLife: Reality TV series that aired on AmericanED TV in 2014 documenting SaulPaul's summer tour during which he performed at the most notable music festivals of the season. Mobile Gaming App: Main character in "SaulPaul: Dream in 3D," and educational game made for urban youth available on iPhone and Android.Conference: Founder and host of Music Career Expo, a day of music industry professionals talking to middle school students about the career opportunities available outside of being a musician. Awards and recognition
 Seedling Foundation, Fab5 Award (2015)
 Austin City Council, June 12 SaulPaul Day Proclamation (2014)
 Austin Convention and Visitors Bureau, Creative Ambassador (2014)
 Deli Magazine, Artist of the Month (2014)
 Austin Music Foundation, Artist of the Month (2013)
 University of Texas at Austin, Young Alumnus of the Year (2012)
Austin Under 40 Awards, Austinite of the Year and Arts, Music & Entertainment (2017)

Notable Appearances

References

External links
 SaulPaul.com

Living people
Rappers from Houston
21st-century American rappers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks: SaulPaul SaulPaul SaulPaul SaulPaul SaulPaul SaulPaul SaulPaul SaulPaul SaulPaul


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<mask> (born May 15, 1964) is an op-ed columnist for The Washington Post, a Policy Fellow with One Campaign, a visiting fellow with the Center for Public Justice, and a former senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He served as President George W. Bush's chief speechwriter from 2001 until June 2006, as a senior policy advisor from 2000 through June 2006, and was a member of the White House Iraq Group. He helped write the inaugural address for the second inauguration of George W. Bush, which called for neo-conservative intervention and nation-building around the world to effect the spread of democracy to third world countries. In 2018, <mask> and commentator Amy Holmes co-hosted In Principle, a politically conservative-oriented television talk show that ran for eight episodes on PBS. Early life and education
<mask> was raised in an Evangelical Christian family in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended Westminster Christian Academy for high school. His paternal grandfather was Jewish.He attended Georgetown University for a year and then transferred to Wheaton College in Illinois, graduating in 1986. Career

Before joining the Bush Administration, he was a senior policy advisor with The Heritage Foundation, a conservative public policy research institution. He also worked at various times as an aide to Indiana Senator Dan Coats and a speechwriter for the Presidential campaign of Bob Dole before briefly leaving the political world to cover it as a journalist for U.S. News & World Report. <mask> also worked at one point as a ghostwriter for Charles Colson. In early 1999, Karl Rove recruited <mask> for the Bush campaign. <mask> was named by Time as one of "The 25 Most Influential Evangelicals In America." The February 7, 2005 issue listed <mask> as the ninth most influential.Speechwriter
<mask> joined the Bush campaign before 2000 as a speechwriter and went on to head the White House speechwriting team. "No one doubts that he did his job exceptionally well," wrote Ramesh Ponnuru in a 2007 article otherwise very critical of <mask> in National Review. According to Ponnuru, Bush's speechwriters had more prominence in the administration than their predecessors did under previous presidents because Bush's speeches did most of the work of defending the president's policies, since administration spokesmen and press conferences did not. On the other hand, he wrote, the speeches would announce new policies that were never implemented, making the speechwriting in some ways less influential than ever. On June 14, 2006, it was announced that <mask> was leaving the White House to pursue other writing and policy work. He was replaced as Bush's chief speechwriter by The Wall Street Journal chief editor William McGurn. Lines attributed to <mask>
<mask> proposed the use of a "smoking gun/mushroom cloud" mixed-metaphor during a September 5, 2002 meeting of the White House Iraq Group, in an effort to sell the American public on the nuclear dangers posed by Saddam Hussein.According to Newsweek columnist <mask>ff,
The original plan had been to place it in an upcoming presidential speech, but WHIG members fancied it so much that when the Times reporters contacted the White House to talk about their upcoming piece [about aluminum tubes], one of them leaked <mask>'s phrase – and the administration would soon make maximum use of it. <mask> has said one of his favorite speeches was given at the National Cathedral on September 14, 2001, a few days after the September 11 attacks, which included the following passage: "Grief and tragedy and hatred are only for a time. Goodness, remembrance, and love have no end. And the Lord of life holds all who die, and all who mourn." <mask> is credited with coining such phrases as "the soft bigotry of low expectations" and "the armies of compassion". His noteworthy phrases for Bush are said to include "Axis of Evil," a phrase adapted from "axis of hatred," itself suggested by fellow speechwriter David Frum but deemed too mild. Criticisms of <mask> as a speechwriter
In an article by Matthew Scully (one of Bush's speechwriters) published in The Atlantic (September 2007) <mask> is criticized for seeking the limelight, taking the credit for other people's work and for creating a false image of himself: "No good deed went unreported, and many things that never happened were reported as fact.For all of our chief speechwriter's finer qualities, the firm adherence to factual narrative is not a strong point." Of particular note is the invention of the phrase "axis of evil." Scully claims that the phrase "axis of hatred" was coined by David Frum and forwarded to colleagues by email. The word "hatred" was changed to "evil" by someone other than <mask> and was done because "hatred" seemed the more melodramatic word at the time. Scully also had this to say about <mask>:
My most vivid memory of Mike at Starbucks is one I have labored in vain to shake. We were working on a State of the Union address in John's (McConnell's) office when suddenly Mike was called away for an unspecified appointment, leaving us to 'keep going.' We learned only later, from a chance conversation with his secretary, where he had gone, and it was a piece of Washington self-promotion for the ages: At the precise moment when the State of the Union address was being drafted at the White House by John and me, Mike was off pretending to craft the State of the Union in longhand for the benefit of a reporter.The Washington Post columnist
After leaving the White House, <mask> wrote for Newsweek magazine for a time. On May 16, 2007, <mask> began his tenure as a twice-weekly columnist for The Washington Post. His columns appear on Wednesdays and Fridays. <mask>, a neo-conservative, has repeatedly criticized other conservatives in his column and conservatives have returned the favor. One of <mask>'s first columns was entitled "Letting Fear Rule", in which he compared skeptics of President Bush's immigration reform bill to nativist bigots of the 1880s. In October 2017, <mask> referred to President Trump's "fundamental unfitness for high office" and asked whether he is "psychologically and morally equipped to be president? And could his unfitness cause permanent damage to the country?"He cited "the leaked cries for help coming from within the administration. They reveal a president raging against enemies, obsessed by slights, deeply uninformed and incurious, unable to focus, and subject to destructive whims." In August 2019, <mask> wrote that it is a "scandal" that "white evangelical Protestants" are not in a state of "panic" about their own demographic decline in the United States. Personal life
His wife Dawn was born in South Korea. She was adopted by an American family when she was six years old and raised in the Midwestern United States. The couple, who met in high school, have two sons and reside in Northern Virginia. <mask> suffers from major depressive disorder and has been hospitalized at least once due to the disease.In 2013, he learned he had a slow-growing kidney cancer, which he continues to live with. Published works

  (with Peter Wehner)

References

External links

 A profile of <mask> in The New Yorker
 Faithfully and Politically Present Christianity Today
 The Washington Post, "Biography: <mask>"
 The News Tribune, "Obama might be stuck with a beast that he can't tame"
 In Principle at PBS

1964 births
Living people
American evangelicals
American male non-fiction writers
American people of Jewish descent
American political commentators
American political writers
George W. Bush administration personnel
Missouri Republicans
PBS people
People from Belmar, New Jersey
Speechwriters for presidents of the United States
The Heritage Foundation
The Washington Post people
United States presidential advisors
Wheaton College (Illinois) alumni
Writers from Alexandria, Virginia
Writers from New Jersey
White House Directors of Speechwriting

masks:
Michael John Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Michael Isiko
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Gerson
Michael Gerson


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<mask>  is an American educator known for his leadership at the American Indian Public Charter School (AIPCS) in Oakland, California and its expanded American Indian Model Schools system, serving from 2001 into 2012. He is a national leader in the education reform movement, emphasizing a conservative philosophy of discipline and accountability. From Robeson County, North Carolina, <mask> received a doctorate in education from the University of Arizona, was a tenure-track professor in 1988 at San Francisco State University, and he served as the superintendent of schools at the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona before working in Oakland. <mask> was appointed as the principal of AIPCS in 2000 when the school was "among the worst middle schools in Oakland, Calif" suffering from "highest dropout rate and lowest attendance and graduation rates of any ethnic group in the city". The school made considerable improvements under Dr. <mask> and was named in 2006, as one of the top 250 schools in the US. In 2008 it ranked fifth among all the 1300 odd middle schools in California in terms of academic performance index. Though the school made remarkable improvements under Chavis, at the same time this success attracted controversy primarily for the methods he used on the students to keep them performing well.In 2012, Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team submitted a report alleging Chavis being involved in mismanagement of school funds. After seven years of federal investigation, all financial mismanagement charges against <mask> were dropped in 2019. <mask> was featured in the documentary film Flunked (2008). He is the author of Crazy Like a Fox; One Principal's Triumph in the Inner City (2009). Early life and education
Born <mask> <mask>, the eldest of six children in a poor Lumbee Indian family in Robeson County, North Carolina, he was soon called "<mask>", a nickname he has used all his life. He had a difficult relationship with his alcoholic father, who died when he was young. His mother remarried.None of his parents had much formal education, but Chavis said his stepfather taught him discipline, how to work hard, and to be accountable, a philosophy he applied as an educator. Chavis attended local segregated public schools, where he was most interested in sports. He accepted a track scholarship by Oklahoma City University. Two years in, he was offered an academic scholarship by the University of Arizona, and transferred there, majoring in education. He thought at the time that the field would offer easy conditions. Chavis graduated with a bachelor's degree in education; he had worked part-time as a school janitor to help pay for it. He continued to study, working on a master's degree through night classes at Northern Arizona University.Later he completed a doctorate at the University of Arizona, in education, with what he said were concentrations in philosophy and anthropology. Career

In 1988, <mask> became a tenure-track professor in the ethnic studies department at San Francisco State University. In 2000, he was working as superintendent of schools at the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona. That year he was recruited by a representative of Oakland's Native American community for the position of principal at the struggling American Indian Public Charter School in Oakland, starting in 2001. By 2005, he had succeeded in dramatically raising scores of the middle school students and increasing enrollment at the school. <mask> had generated considerable controversy by his methods. He was criticized by some parents and faculty for harsh treatment and verbal abuse of students and teachers.<mask> zealously mocked liberal orthodoxy and was praised by conservatives such as columnist George Will and Andrew Coulson of the Cato Institute. The school claimed to be just as intolerant of unions as it was of drug dealers, and prided itself on firing under-performing teachers. He worked with the school's board in 2007 to respond to community demand for more classes, and they added another middle school, AIPCS II, and a high school, AIPHS, under a new charter organization known as the American Indian Model Schools (AIMS) system. While <mask> stepped down as head of the schools in summer 2007, the board asked him to serve in an executive, consulting role, and he was active in the schools' affairs. A K-4 elementary school was added to AIPCS II in 2012. During these years, the AIM system student body had a growing proportion of African American, Asian and Latino students, with American Indians comprising a smaller percentage. <mask> resigned all ties in January 2012.By the 2012 school year, some 90 percent of the AIMS students were ethnic Asian. Some critics of the system attributed the high scores of the system schools to the make-up of the student body, known for a culture that demanded high performance. Former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger called Chavis’s results an “education miracle.”

Reception

Former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said while his visit to Chavis's school on March 2006, "I have taken the tour [of American Indian Public Charter School], and I have to tell you from what I've seen I was really impressed.... It is an education miracle that has happened here. "</ref> "<mask>, the most politically incorrect person on the planet, is also, not coincidentally, one of the people most correct about inner-city education." said George F Will. Jay Mathews of Washington post has commented, "[Chavis] has many of the habits of some of the best educators I know - a wicked sense of humor, a weakness for shocking the conventionally wise, and a deep love of children, particularly those who have had difficult lives.", on his book Crazy Like a Fox; One Principal's Triumph in the Inner City. The San Francisco Chronicle, remarked “There is much to be learned from this account. It is possible to restore public education to its mission of educating the nation’s citizens. There is a message of hope and possibility in Crazy Like a Fox that we should embrace.”. Representation in other media
<mask> was among reform educators featured in the documentary Flunked (2008), directed by Corey Burres, about the failures of the United States public school systems and efforts in educational reforms. <mask> has appeared several times in the television programs hosted by John Stossel. He was also a frequently seen subject of discussion in Stossel's columns.Controversies

California state "extraordinary audit"
<mask> resigned all ties at the school system in January 2012 and returned to North Carolina, where he had been resident again for some time. After the results of an "extraordinary audit" by the California financial management system were released later in 2012, <mask> was criticized for allegedly receiving more than $3.8 million in school funds for directing school payments to his and his wife's business without authorized contracts, from 2006 -2010. In addition, the board of the charter school system was criticized for lax accounting and financial mismanagement. Following the results of the audit and other investigations of <mask> related to treatment of students and faculty, in February 2013, OUSD revoked the school's charter. After <mask>' resignation, the school appealed the revocation and struggled for the next year to keep its charter. It gained a preliminary injunction from the Superior Court of Alameda County allowing it to continue to operate the three system schools. AIMS has since received a 5-year renewal of the charter.During the next 2 1/2 years, the charter school system paid Chavis an additional $8.6 million to lease buildings which he owned in Oakland, because it was unable to find other spaces for its operations. In North Carolina <mask> started a camp on his property to help students improve their math scores. It was modeled on the SAIL program used in California schools. In January 2017, he claimed to help orchestrate a change in the county's school board. He said he had encouraged the firing of Superintendent Tommy Lowray of the Public Schools of Robeson County and the effort by six board members to hire Virginia-based educator Thomas Graves. Lowry filed a lawsuit against the board charging they had violated their own hiring policy in trying to hire Graves. March 2017 Federal indictments
<mask> was indicted on March 30, 2017, by the federal government on six felony counts of money laundering and mail fraud; the case was filed in federal district court in San Francisco, California.The charges relate to his receiving federal grant money from 2006 to 2012 for the charter schools in Oakland, and his allegedly misusing the money in order to make lease payments on property he owned. The charges say that he benefited by $1.1 million on his transactions, as the schools made payments on property he owned, in what were illegal conflict-of-interest transactions. He was arrested and taken into custody in Wilmington, North Carolina. However, as of April 2019, all financial mismanagement charges against Chavis were dropped. <mask> has pleaded guilty to an unrelated charge. The federal sentencing memo issued by U.S. District Court of Oakland said “Dr. Chavis’ conduct, while a violation of federal law, did not cause measurable financial losses to the United States or another identifiable victim,” though he pleaded guilty for using false information in board's documents and thus was put on probation for a year and a financial fine of $100 was imposed.Books authored

 Blakely, Carey., <mask>, <mask>. Crazy Like a Fox: One Principal's Triumph in the Inner City. United States: Penguin Publishing Group, 2010. ISBN 9781101532492

References

External links
Crazy Like a Fox, book's official website

Living people
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
American educators
Lumbee people
Native American academics
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Benford Chavis
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