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<mask> (; ; 6 July 1885 – 5 September 1950) was a leading innovator and theatre director in Russia before and during the Soviet era. Biography

Childhood
<mask> was born Aleksandr Yakovlevich Korenblit on July 6, 1885, in Romny, Russian Empire. His father, Yakov Korenblit, was the headmaster of a primary school in Berdichev. At the age of 10, young <mask> moved to Kiev and settled with his aunt, a retired actress. She introduced him to theatre. He took part in amateur performances and assumed the name <mask> as a pseudonym. Experience
In 1904 he enrolled in the Law School at Kiev University.That same year <mask> married his cousin, Olga. In 1905 <mask> opposed the pogroms of Jews in Kiev. He was arrested by the Tsar's police and imprisoned. His second arrest led him to decide to move from Kiev to St. Petersburg. Theatrical Beginnings
In 1906 <mask> was invited by the famous Russian actress Vera Komissarzhevskaya and joined her theatre as an actor under the directorship of Vsevolod Meyerhold. <mask> concurrently continued his studies in law at St. Petersburg University. There he started his lifelong friendship with Anatoli Lunacharsky.He collaborated with Vsevolod Meyerhold on a joint production of a play by Paul Claudel. Both directors were creating new experimental models for theatre in Russia. <mask> felt that the work of Meyerhold's actors was dictated by the production concept and that the actors were mere puppets. Soon <mask> left to join Pavel Gaideburov's company as a director. Chamber Theatre
<mask> created a prototype of his Chamber Theatre as "synthetic theatre" with high goals in mind. As director he experimented with staging, acting, individual and group movements, stage and costume designs, and worked with every detail of theatrical performance in order to break away from the traditional theatre. <mask>'s experimental approach spread to all phases of creating a stage show including even the rehearsals and practice.He used the music of Ludwig van Beethoven and Frédéric Chopin as a way of helping his actors achieve a special state of mind during their performances. Riga
In 1912 <mask> was invited to direct a play in collaboration with the Russian Drama Theatre in Riga. There he was once again attacked by the local anti-Semites and was banned by the local authorities from staying and working in the city of Riga. The conflict took two weeks to resolve. <mask> prevailed, he stayed and completed his work for the Russian Drama Theatre in Riga. Upon his return to St. Petersburg, <mask> converted to Evangelical Lutheranism. Moscow
In 1913 <mask> moved to Moscow.There he joined a corporation of attorneys at law and could continue a comfortable career. Instead, <mask> established himself as an important anti-realist director. With his wife, the actress Alisa Koonen, he founded the Kamerny (Chamber) Theatre in 1914; it became the centre of experimental creativity for many Russian actors, artists, writers, and musicians. <mask> was the first director in Russia to stage The Threepenny Opera by Bertolt Brecht. He staged classical play of Kalidasa - "Sakuntala", plays of Valery Bryusov, Eugene O'Neill, J.B. Priestley, Oscar Wilde, and other contemporary writers. Tairov collaborated with such artists as Alexandra Exter, Pavel Kuznetsov, Sergei Soudeikin, Mikhail Larionov, Natalya Goncharova, Vladimir Pohl, Inayat Khan and others. <mask>'s Acting Studio became extremely popular among aspiring actors such as Vera Karalli, Yevgeni Lebedev, and others.He worked with composers Sergei Prokofiev, A. Aleksandrov, Georgi Sviridov, and Dmitri Kabalevsky. After Revolution
After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, <mask> continued development of his independent approach to theatre. His early productions of the Soviet era were Salome by Oscar Wilde and Adrienne Lecouvrer, which became a legendary play and ran more than 800 performances. The Chamber Theatre remained very popular and toured across the Soviet Union. The Chamber Theatre's tours of Europe in 1923, and of South America in 1930 were critically acclaimed as "a total victory of the famous Russian innovator and a genius of staging". Under Stalin in the 1930s
In 1929 <mask> produced Bagrovy Ostrov (The Crimson Island) by Mikhail Bulgakov. At that time Joseph Stalin began his total control of culture and labeled the play bourgeois.That was enough to trigger organized attacks on <mask> in the Soviet media. His next production of Vsevolod Vishnevskiy's Optimistic tragedy (1933) was criticized by Vyacheslav Molotov as a slander of Russian history. <mask> tried to defend his theatre, he stated that theatres must be established on the level of research institutes. "Pavlov has an institute on which millions are spent. Stanislavsky must have an institute too", said <mask>. As a punishment, <mask>'s Chamber Theatre was sent to work in Siberia. However, unlike many other enemies of the regime, <mask> survived the Great Purges in which millions were imprisoned or executed.Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
In August 1941, though his theatre company had returned to Siberia, <mask> joined the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in Moscow. It was formed by the group of leading intellectuals to campaign against the Nazis during the Second World War. The Committee was headed by Solomon Mikhoels. Along with <mask> other prominent members were Emil Gilels, David Oistrakh, Samuil Marshak, Ilja Ehrenburg, and many other leading intellectuals in the Soviet Union. The main driving force of the Committee was represented by the group of Yiddish writers such as Perets Markish, Lev Kvitko, David Gofstein, Itsik Fefer, David Bergelson, and others. The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee provided over 45 million rubles to the Soviet Red Army. After the end of the Second World War it was denounced by Joseph Stalin, and many of its members were executed by the Soviet secret service.Under Stalin after World War II

In 1946 the Soviet Communist Party launched attacks on intellectuals in the Soviet Union. Such leading cultural figures as Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Prokofiev, Aram Khachaturyan, Boris Pasternak, Mikhail Zoshchenko and many others suffered from censorship and severe repression. <mask>'s Chamber Theatre was attacked for having little to do with contemporary Soviet life. <mask> tried to make additions to repertoire and invited writer <mask>, and young director Georgi Tovstonogov, but it was too late. In May 1949, the Soviet Committee for Arts issued an official order to close the theatre. <mask>'s Chamber Theatre was accused of "Aesthetism and Formalism". <mask> was granted a personal pension and soon was hospitalized with brain cancer.He died on September 5, 1950, in Moscow, and was laid to rest in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow, Russia. Timeline
1885 - Born Aleksandr Yakovlevich Korenblit, in Berdichev, Ukraine, Russian Empire. 1895 - Moved to Kiev, attended theatrical performances
1904 - Married his cousin, Olga. 1905 - Experienced pogrom in Kiev. 1906 - Moved to St. Petersburg and became an actor on invitation from Vera Komissarzhevkaya. 1907 - Directed plays in St. Petersburg in collaboration with Vsevolod Meyerhold
1912 - Directed a play in Riga, where he was arrested by anti-semitic police. 1913 - <mask> took up legal practice in Moscow.Konstantin Mardzhanov invited <mask> to join him in starting a theatre, but the venture folded after only a year. 1914 - <mask> opened the Kamerny Theatre, or Chamber Theatre, so named because he wanted to develop a select, appreciative audience. 1918 - Meyerhold and <mask> collaborated on a production of The Exchange in February, but the production was a failure. 1921 - Published aesthetic philosophy in Notes of a Director. 1923 - <mask>'s acting school, which included classes such as improvisation, fencing, gymnastics, juggling, and theatre history, is granted official status. Also this year, the Kamerny Theatre tours to Paris, Berlin, Frankfurt, and Dresden. 1925 - Kamerny Theatre tours to Germany and Vienna.1930 - Kamerny Theatre tours to Germany, Prague, Vienna, Italy, Paris, Buenos Aires, and Montevideo. Performances include Oscar Wilde's Salome, <mask>'s Storm, Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms, and Charles Lecocq's Girofle-Girofla. 1933 - Produced a socialist realist production of Optimistic Tragedy. 1935 - Awarded title of People's Artist. 1936 - Accused of formalism. 1937 - Merged with Okhlopkov's Realistic Theatre. This collaboration only lasted one year.1939 - Ten-month tour to Eastern Russia which included performances of Madame Bovary and The Bedbug. This tour may have saved <mask> from the purge. 1941 - Kamerny Theatre was evacuated to Siberia where they performed for two years. 1945 - Received the Order of Lenin. 1949 - Kamerny Theatre closed. <mask> and his wife, actress Alisa Koonen transferred to the Vakhantangov Theatre. 1950 - <mask> dies in September.1974 - Alice Koonen dies. Aesthetic philosophy
<mask> developed what he called "Synthetic Theatre" which incorporated ballet, opera, circus, music hall, and dramatic elements. He believed theatre was its own art and was not merely a means for transmitting literature. His productions were not subservient to their text. The acting school <mask> developed was to train a company of "master actors" who would excel in all of the elements of Synthetic Theatre and become the primary creators of performances. <mask>'s productions employed Constructivist sets. One of his primary designers was Alexandra Exter who created sets and costumes for Famira Kifared, Salome and Romeo and Juliet.Her designs can be seen in the 1924 film Aelita Queen of Mars for which she used celluloid and metal for the Martian costumes. Productions
Romeo and Juliet - 1921
This set, designed by Exter, employed seven bridges of various heights as well as rope ladders to depict the lovers' obstacles. The set was inlaid with mirrors which were later replaced with foil. Phaedra by Racine - 1922
This is the first of <mask>'s productions in which emotion was the primary focus. Alice Koonen played Phaedra, and entered draped in a heavy purple cape of velvet. This image was contrasted with her appearance in a red cape for the confession scene. The set was modeled on the image of a listing ship with several off-kilter platforms.Girofle-Girofla - 1922
This comic operetta is set around the confusion involving twins, both played by Koonen. The set was made up of folding ladders, revolving mirrors, and trap doors. The Man Who Was Thursday - 1924
<mask> staged this play by Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky (1887–1950), based on G. K. Chesterton's fantastic novel, at the Kamerny theatre in Moscow. Chesterton lamented this "misreading" by the Russians several times later in life, most prominently in his 1936 autobiography. Desire Under the Elms - 1930
The Moscow production was followed by a mock trial for Abbie and Eben. <mask> was a witness for the defense and legal experts and psychiatrists took part as well. The trial ended at 2am with the acquittal of the defendants.O'Neill saw the production when it toured to Paris and loved it. Notes

References

Compton, Susan A. Alexandra Exter and the Dynamic Stage. Art in America 62.5 (1974): 100-3. Frenz, Horst. <mask> and the 1930 World Tour of the Kamerny Theatre. Brockett, Oscar Gross, ed. Studies in Theatre and Drama; Essays in Honor of Hubert C. Heffner.The Hague: Mouton, 1972, pp. 177-194. Marshall, Herbert. The Pictorial History of the Russian Theatre. New York: Crown Publishers, 1977. Roose-Evans, James. Experimental Theatre from Stanislavsky to Today.New York: Universe Books, 1970. <mask>, <mask>. Notes of a Director, Uniform Title: Zapiski Rezhissera. English. Coral Gables, Fla: University of Miami Press, 1969. Worrall, Nick. Modernism to Realism on the Soviet Stage : <mask>-Vakhtangov-Okhlopkov.New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Russian and Soviet theatre directors
1885 births
People from Romny
1950 deaths
Soviet Jews
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
Converts to Lutheranism from Judaism
Ukrainian Protestants
20th-century Lutherans

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Alexander Yakovlevich Tairov
Aleksandr Tairov
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Alexander Ostrovsky
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<mask><mask> (born July 14, 1974) is an American baseball executive serving as the general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB) since November 2019. He previously served as the vice-president of baseball operations for the Toronto Blue Jays, and was the executive vice president and general manager of the Boston Red Sox from 2011 to 2015. He succeeded Theo Epstein in that position, having worked in the team's baseball operations office since 1999, before Epstein's arrival. Early life
Born in Meriden, New Hampshire, <mask> is the grandson of former Dartmouth College professor Richard Eberhart,  a poet who won the Pulitzer Prize. <mask> graduated from Lebanon High School, where he was a pitcher on the varsity baseball team. He matriculated at Amherst College, where he was a member of the Gamma chapter of Psi Upsilon fraternity, and has a master's degree in Sport Management from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He was originally hired by the Red Sox in  by Dan Duquette, an Amherst College alumnus who was then the club's general manager, after Cherington spent the previous season as an advance scout for the Cleveland Indians.Career

Boston Red Sox
Cherington served Boston as an area scout, baseball operations assistant, coordinator of international scouting, and assistant director (and then director) of player development from 1999 to 2005. From December 12, 2005, through January 19, 2006, he served as the Red Sox' co-general manager with Jed Hoyer during Epstein's absence from the team, with club president/CEO Larry Lucchino and veteran former Major League  GM Bill Lajoie also playing key roles during that period. After Epstein's return, <mask> became vice president, player personnel, through January 2009, then senior vice president and assistant GM from 2009 through his promotion to general manager after the 2011 season. <mask> inherited a team that had tumbled out of contention for a division championship or wild card postseason appearance with a disastrous, 7–20 record during September 2011. The slide cost eight-year manager Terry Francona his job and occurred as Epstein was negotiating to join the Chicago Cubs as their president of baseball operations. <mask>'s first major assignment after succeeding Epstein was to find a successor to Francona, but his final candidates were rejected by Boston's ownership and CEO Lucchino in favor of former Texas Rangers and New York Mets manager Bobby Valentine — out of the Majors since , although he had managed the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball and served as a television analyst on ESPN since. Valentine's 2012 roster included many veterans of the 2011 Red Sox, and he clashed with his players, his holdover coaches, and the media.The team suffered from injuries to key players, struggled out of the gate, improved to a high-water mark of 41–36 (.532) on June 29, but then began to fall back in the standings. When it became clear that the Red Sox would not contend as constituted, <mask> and the team's ownership initiated a trade with the Los Angeles Dodgers on August 25, sending pitcher Josh Beckett, outfielder Carl Crawford and first baseman Adrián González — all on expensive, multiyear contracts — to the Dodgers and clearing $262.5 million in salary obligations. Stripped of veteran talent, the 2012 Red Sox went only 9–26 over the final 35 games of the season and finished with their worst record since 1965. Valentine was fired one day after the season ended October 3. <mask> then set out to rebuild the team for . He hired John Farrell as his manager, acquiring Farrell's rights in an October 21 trade with the Toronto Blue Jays. He signed seven key free agents — David Ross, Jonny Gomes, Stephen Drew, Mike Napoli, Shane Victorino, Koji Uehara and Ryan Dempster — none of whom required sacrificing a draft pick.Although a midwinter trade for relief pitcher Joel Hanrahan was ruined by Hanrahan's season-ending elbow injury in May, Cherington obtained a useful bench player, Mike Carp, in a preseason trade. Then, on July 30, he engineered a three-team transaction that brought starting pitcher Jake Peavy to Boston. Farrell, the free agents, Carp and Peavy, as well as a return to health of core players such as David Ortiz, Jacoby Ellsbury and John Lackey, all contributed to Boston's surprisingly successful 2013 season. The club improved by 28 games, rising from last place in the American League East Division in  to the division championship, 97 regular-season victories (tied for the most in Major League Baseball), the 2013 American League pennant, and the 2013 World Series championship. During that offseason, Boston failed to re-sign free agents Ellsbury and Jarrod Saltalamacchia. The  Red Sox, struggling to score runs, fell back to last place in the AL East, losing 26 games from their previous year's standard with a 71–91 record, 25 games behind the division champion Baltimore Orioles. On July 31, with Boston out of the race, Cherington traded starting pitchers Lackey and Jon Lester to contending teams (Peavy had been traded July 26), then retooled the roster during the 2014–15 offseason, adding high-ticket free agents Pablo Sandoval and Hanley Ramírez and trading for starting pitchers Wade Miley and Rick Porcello.After a promising 12–10 April start to their  season, the Red Sox slumped to a 9–19 May record (scoring the fewest runs in the Major Leagues), and had a horrendous eight-game losing streak after the All-Star break. Porcello, Ramírez and Sandoval performed poorly, the latter two struggling with injuries and illness. On August 1, with the Red Sox again mired in last place at 47–58, Lucchino announced his intention to retire as president/CEO at the end of the season. Seventeen days later, the Red Sox named veteran MLB executive Dave Dombrowski to the new position of president, baseball operations, to oversee <mask> and the on-field side of the Boston organization. <mask> then turned in his resignation, declining the club's request that he remain as the team's general manager. By that time, only one of the 2013 free agents, injured closer Uehara, remained on the Red Sox' roster. However, Cherington left behind a group of young players (Xander Bogaerts, Mookie Betts, Brock Holt, Eduardo Rodríguez, Blake Swihart, Travis Shaw, Henry Owens, Christian Vázquez, and others) as a potential core of their 2016 team.Much of this core that <mask> acquired contributed heavily to the Red Sox's 2018 championship. Five weeks later, Mike Hazen, one of <mask>'s assistants, was named his successor. Although <mask>'s name was mentioned as a possible candidate for open general manager posts in MLB, he decided to join Columbia University's Sports Management faculty for the 2015–16 academic year to teach a course in "leadership in sports" during the spring 2016 semester. Toronto Blue Jays
On September 14, 2016, <mask> was hired by the Toronto Blue Jays to be their vice-president of baseball operations. Pittsburgh Pirates
On November 18, 2019, <mask> was officially announced as the Pittsburgh Pirates general manager. Awards
<mask> was named Major League Baseball Executive of the Year for 2013 by The Sporting News for his efforts. He was only the third Red Sox executive to win the award since its origination in , following longtime owner Tom Yawkey () and late general manager Dick O'Connell (; ).Personal life
On April 6, 2012, Cherington married then-marketing executive Tyler Tumminia in a ceremony at Brooklyn Borough Hall. Tumminia is currently the interim commissioner of the Premier Hockey Federation. The couple has two daughters: Adwen Hudson (born 2012) and Harper Charles. Cherington was previously married to ESPN reporter Wendi Nix, whom he shares two daughters with. References

Further reading

1974 births
Living people
Amherst College alumni
Boston Red Sox executives
Boston Red Sox scouts
Cleveland Indians scouts
Major League Baseball general managers
People from Plainfield, New Hampshire
Columbia University faculty
Isenberg School of Management alumni
Toronto Blue Jays executives
Baseball people from New Hampshire

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Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis "<mask>" <mask> (née Infield; born 22 May 1978) is an English media personality, model and businesswoman. She initially gained recognition in 1996 for her glamour modelling work with frequent appearances on Page 3 in the British tabloid The Sun, billed under the pseudonym Jordan. <mask> appeared on the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2004, and the following year, she was runner-up in the search for the UK's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. In 2006, she released her debut studio album, A Whole New World, in collaboration with Peter Andre. <mask> has also starred in her own reality series, including Jordan (2002–2004), <mask> & Peter (2004–2009), <mask> (2009–2012), Signed by <mask> (2011), and <mask>: My Crazy Life (2017–present). She returned to the ninth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!in 2009, and was the winner of the fifteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother in 2015. <mask> has also released six autobiographical books, eleven novels, and two series of children's books. Her Angel novel series topped The Sunday Times bestseller list. Early life
Born Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis Infield in Brighton, East Sussex, in southeast England, <mask> was the only child of Ray and Amy Infield (née Charlier). Her father left the family when she was four, and in 1988 her mother married builder <mask>, after which she acquired his surname. She has an older half-brother named Daniel and a younger half-sister named Sophie. She is of Italian, Spanish, English and Jewish descent.<mask>'s maternal grandmother was Jewish, but she is not religious. <mask> attended Blatchington Mill School in Hove in East Sussex. She excelled at sport, swimming for Sussex in regional competitions. During her childhood, she also developed a passion for horses and horse-riding. She began modelling as a child, and at 13 she modelled for a clothing line. At age 17, she changed her name to <mask>. Career

Modelling

At a friend's suggestion, <mask> had professional photographs taken and decided to pursue a modelling career.The pictures were sent to a modelling agency in London, and in 1996 she appeared, billed as "Jordan", on Page 3 in the British newspaper The Sun. As Jordan, <mask> was famed for her surgically-enhanced breasts. At 20, she had the first in a succession of breast-enhancement surgeries, increasing her natural 32B to a 32FF. <mask> also regularly appeared in the Daily Star, FHM, the British edition of Playboy, Nuts, Maxim, Loaded, Vogue and Esquire and also ran as a candidate in Stretford and Urmston during the 2001 UK general election, receiving 713 votes, 1.8% of the votes cast. In 2002, she appeared on the September cover of the American edition of Playboy magazine. In January 2022 <mask> joined OnlyFans, but raised just £150 from one of her posts, despite pleading with followers to sign-up for the subscription service. Television

<mask> made cameo appearances as herself in the television dramas Dream Team and Footballers' Wives in 2004.She also appeared on Top Gear'''s "Star in a Reasonably Priced Car" in 2004, completing the lap in one minute and fifty-two seconds. Early in her career, <mask> appeared on The Big Breakfast, and she was a guest host on the first series of The Friday Night Project. In December 2005, she released an exercise fitness DVD, The Jordan Workout, featuring "The Juice Master" Jason Vale. <mask> was a contestant on the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, between the months of January and February in 2004. It was there that she met Peter Andre, whom she would eventually marry and later divorce. In 2007, with Andre, she hosted the short-lived late-night chat show Katie & Peter: Unleashed. In November 2009, <mask> made a return visit to I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!in its ninth series. Presenters Ant & Dec insinuated during the broadcast that the surprise of her return had been ruined by the media, and she left the show voluntarily after nine days. <mask> has also been the subject of many reality television series that chronicle her domestic life. This started with a trio of Channel 4 documentaries by film-maker Richard Macer: Jordan: The Truth About Me (2002), Jordan: The Model Mum and Jordan: You Don't Even Know Me (both 2004), and was followed Jordan Gets Even on Five in 2004. She later appeared in the documentary Jordan: Living With a Dream  (Channel 4) and then launched the Katie & Peter franchise on ITV2, which documented the lives of <mask> and Andre and included several fly-on-the-wall reality series: When Jordan Met Peter, Jordan & Peter: Laid Bare and Jordan & Peter: Marriage and Mayhem between 2004 and 2005; <mask> & Peter: The Next Chapter, <mask> & Peter: The Baby Diaries and <mask> & Peter: Unleashed in 2007; <mask> & Peter: Down Under and Katie & Peter: African Adventures in 2008; and <mask> & Peter: Stateside in 2009. The pair's separation in 2009 resulted in their individual shows being recorded: What Katie Did Next continued on ITV2 until 2011. <mask> was runner-up in the selection contest for a representative for the United Kingdom at the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest.In 2006 she released her debut studio album, A Whole New World, in collaboration with Peter Andre. Since 2006, <mask> has been an occasional panelist on the talk show Loose Women. <mask> danced with her then-boyfriend Leandro Penna on the Argentine television programme Bailando por un Sueño 2012, a spin-off of Strictly Come Dancing. In 2015, <mask> appeared on the fifteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother. She had been previously invited to appear on the show. On 6 February 2015, <mask> finished as the winner of the series. <mask>'s 15 show An Audience with <mask> toured the UK from September to December 2017.
Business ventures
<mask> has launched a range of nutrition supplements, including meal replacement shakes, that are promoted with unsupported claims about their wholesomeness and benefit.The British Dietetic Association named <mask> Nutritional Supplements as constituting one of the "top 5 worst celeb diets to avoid in 2018", noting they were expensive and unnecessary for anybody wanting to lose weight. In 2007 <mask> launched her first perfume, "Stunning". In 2008 she signed a deal with Derby House to launch her equestrian range of clothing named "KP Equestrian". In 2009 <mask> was named as the patron of a charity polo match played near Epping, Essex. <mask> was runner-up in the selection contest for a representative for the United Kingdom at the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest. The selection process, named Making Your Mind Up, was broadcast live on television in March 2005. <mask> sang a song titled "Not Just Anybody".In July 2010, <mask> released "Free to Love Again", a non-album single. About the release, she explained: "I'm not a singer, this is just something that I'm doing for fun. It's not like I'm worried about getting a chart position or number one, this is purely for fun. Whether people like it or not, I'm doing it." Books
<mask> was in the top 100 best-selling authors of the decade for book sales between 2000 and 2009, with nearly three million sales. <mask>'s books were ghostwritten by Rebecca Farnworth. She released her first autobiography, Being Jordan, in May 2004.<mask> conducted a 10-day book-signing tour which helped to propel her to first position in the Nielsen BookScan hardback sales chart and to sell 97,090 copies in one year, and over 1,000,000 as of January 2007. Her second autobiography, A Whole New World, was published in January 2006. It reached number two in the hardback general category and sold 198,105 copies by 1 April 2006. <mask>'s second novel, Crystal, about a young woman's efforts to become a singer, sold 159,407 copies during the first three months after its release in June 2007. In July 2008, <mask> released her third novel, Angel Uncovered. In July 2009, <mask> released a novel entitled Sapphire which was number 1 on the hardback fiction chart for four consecutive weeks and sold 42,215 copies in its first two weeks in the UK alone. <mask> released her fifth novel, Paradise, in July 2010.In 2014, she released her tenth novel, Make My Wish Come True. In 2006 <mask> signed a £300,000 advance with Random House for <mask>'s Perfect Ponies, a series of children's books, with the first six released in 2007. New books in the series have been released to a total of 12 as of 2017. <mask>'s daughter Princess was signed by publishers for her own book deal at the age of nine in 2017. <mask> had a regular advice column in OK! magazine until 2009. In 2012, she obtained her own column in The Sun on Sunday.Politics and campaigning
In the 2001 UK general election, <mask> stood as an independent candidate in the Stretford and Urmston constituency. She gained 713 votes. The seat was won by Labour's Beverley Hughes with 23,836 votes. Following online abuse focused on her son Harvey, <mask> began a campaign to make online abuse a specific criminal offence. She took her campaign to Parliament in 2018. Helen Jones, chairman of the parliamentary Petitions Committee subsequently commented: "The law on online abuse is not fit for purpose and it is truly shameful that disabled people have been forced off social media while their abusers face no consequences. There is no excuse for the continued failure to make online platforms as safe for disabled people as non-disabled people.Self-regulation has failed disabled people and the law must change to ensure more lives are not destroyed." and went on to make recommendations for legislation. The Government was expected to respond to the recommendations by the end of March 2019. Personal life
 Relationships and children

<mask> gave birth to her first child, son Harvey, in Brighton in May 2002. Harvey's father is retired footballer Dwight Yorke. Harvey was found to be blind, with septo-optic dysplasia, which makes optic nerve development unpredictable. He has additionally been diagnosed on the autistic spectrum and to have Prader-Willi syndrome.<mask> and Peter Andre began a relationship after appearing on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! and they married in September 2005 at Highclere Castle, Hampshire. In June 2005, <mask> gave birth by Caesarean section to her second son, Junior Savva Andreas. In June 2007, she gave birth to her third child, daughter Princess Tiaamii Crystal Esther. In April 2009, <mask> suffered a miscarriage when 10 weeks into pregnancy. In May 2009, they announced that they were separating and divorced in September 2009. In July 2009, <mask> began dating MMA fighter and actor Alex Reid.They married on 2 February 2010 in a private ceremony at the chapel in the Wynn Hotel in Las Vegas. They later also formally had their union blessed in a church in the UK; the ceremony was filmed for a TV series. In January 2011, Reid and <mask> separated and their divorce was finalised in March 2012. On 16 January 2013 <mask> married her third husband Kieran Hayler at the Sandals Royal Bahamian Resort and Spa in the Bahamas, after Hayler proposed on Christmas Day 2012. The couple had a wedding blessing in Weston-super-Mare in March 2013. In August 2013 <mask> gave birth to her third son, Jett Riviera Hayler. On 4 August 2014 she gave birth to a second daughter, Bunny Hayler, two weeks prematurely.In May 2014 <mask> accused Hayler of having an extramarital affair and announced she was beginning divorce proceedings. They reconciled on the condition that Hayler attend therapy for sex addiction and renewed their wedding vows at Long Furlong Wedding Barn, near Worthing, West Sussex in February 2015. In July 2017 the couple renewed their wedding vows for the second time in the Maldives. In October 2017, in Barbados, <mask> and Hayler renewed their wedding vows for the third time. In May 2018 <mask> announced she was starting divorce proceedings over an extramarital affair. In July 2019, <mask> announced she was engaged to Kris Boyson; the couple split up a month later. Surgery
In 2002, <mask> was treated for a leiomyosarcoma on her finger.The cancerous tumour was removed at a Nuffield Hospital near her Brighton home. In December 2007, <mask> underwent surgery in the United States to reduce the size of her breast implants and also had rhinoplasty. However, she was unhappy with the results of her breast implants, so she returned to Beverly Hills, California in July 2008 for corrective surgery. She returned to the United Kingdom with much smaller size 32C breasts. In 2019, <mask> said she "got a new pair of boobs" with an implant size of 750CC but that she did not know what bra size she was. After trying on bras, she confirmed her bra size as 34E. Criminal record - driving
In June 2008, <mask> was convicted of driving while using a mobile phone in April 2008; she received three points on her driving licence.In July 2010, <mask> was convicted and fined £250 for speeding after her claim that she was being hounded by paparazzi was rejected by magistrates. In September 2010, <mask> was convicted for failing to be in proper control of a vehicle, and in December 2010, she was banned from driving for six months by Crawley Magistrates court after speeding in Pyecombe, West Sussex the prior year. In April 2012 <mask> won an appeal against a conviction for two counts of failing to give information regarding a driver’s identity regarding speeding tickets issued to her relating to offences in London in 2011. <mask> argued she had not seen the tickets as she did not open her own post.In July 2015 <mask> was convicted of failing to stop at a red light at Buck Barn in West Sussex. <mask> was given three points and in fined £700, costs of £450 and a victim surcharge of £70. In February 2018 <mask> was banned from driving for six months under totting up of points on her licence. In July 2018 <mask> reported herself to the police for driving while disqualified.In January 2019, <mask> faced a three-month ban on driving after breaching the conditions of a previous ban, and the following month, the ban was extended an additional three months after her blood alcohol level tested near twice the legal limit. <mask> had been found by police in the backseat of a vehicle in August 2018 after it had crashed, but charges of being drunk in charge of a vehicle were dropped due to a lack of evidence. In October 2019, <mask> was convicted of failing to provide details of the driver of the vehicle involved and was banned from driving for two years, which was later reduced to 18 months. In September 2021, <mask> was taken to hospital after a car crash near Partridge Green, which is located close to her home in Horsham. No other vehicle was involved. Later that month, <mask> pleaded guilty to driving drunk without insurance and while disqualified. In December, she was given a 16-week suspended sentence, with a condition of unpaid work, and a two-year driving ban.The District Judge commented that <mask> had one of the worst driving records she had seen. Rape claim, assault charges and abuse conviction
In October 2003 charges against <mask>, for an alleged assault in a nightclub, were dropped when police failed to arrest her within the statutory time limit of 12 weeks. In September 2009 <mask> claimed that she had previously been raped by a "famous celebrity", but had not reported the incident. <mask> said that she would "absolutely never" reveal who the attacker was. Surrey Police stated that they had not contacted <mask>: "No allegation of rape has been made and <mask> will not be making a statement to police". In June 2019 <mask> was fined after shouting abuse at a woman in a school playground, in Shipley, West Sussex. <mask> was issued with a five-year restraining order against her which banned her from making any contact with the woman.<mask> was additionally ordered to pay £606 in fines and court costs. Nanny, personal debt, bankruptcy and housing
In 2006, Joanne Hillman, a nanny employed by <mask>, was charged with benefit fraud. Hillman was initially tried in 2007 and <mask> was subsequently summoned to give evidence. As a result of media reporting, the trial collapsed. Hillman was retried in 2008 but no evidence was offered and Hillman was acquitted. In December 2019, <mask> was declared bankrupt. Her debts were listed as totalling more than £3.5 million – £2 million being owed in legal fees and £1 million relating to a working farm.In August 2018, <mask> had a bankruptcy hearing at the High Court hearing which was adjourned to give her three months to pay off her debts through an Individual Voluntary Arrangement. Also in June 2019 Horsham District council began enforcement action against <mask> for demolition and construction works undertaken at her property. The enforcement action concluded in October 2019 when <mask> was given 30 days to remove the new construction and restore the demolished structures. Drug use
In an interview in February 2019, <mask> admitted having used cocaine for approximately six months as a result of stress in 2018, and said that she had voluntarily entered treatment for addiction at The Priory hospital. Filmography
 Television

 Guest appearances

 Shooting Stars (2002) – 2 episodes
Dream Team (2003) – 1 episodeBo' Selecta! (British TV series) participants
21st-century English novelists
English children's writers

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<mask> (born August 29, 1980) is a Cuban-American actor and former model. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Cojimar, Cuba. His maternal grandfather was Jewish (the origin of his surname, <mask>), although he grew up in a non-religious household. He was raised by his single mother, <mask>. His family, including his brother <mask> and sister <mask>, immigrated to Miami, Florida when he was 14. He attended Barbara Goleman Senior high school, located in the suburb of Miami Lakes. After attending high school, he studied business administration on a baseball scholarship at St. Thomas University for two years.He later went to Los Angeles to study acting, and continued his acting studies in Miami and Mexico City. Career
<mask> worked as a model for the Next Models agency, and was featured in two reality shows broadcast by Telemundo: Isla de la Tentación and Protagonistas de Novela 2. In 2005 he performed at the Centro de Bellas Artes in San Juan, Puerto Rico, starring in the play La Nena Tiene Tumbao. His debut on the Spanish-language channel Univision was in the Venevision International production of Olvidarte Jamás. He later appeared in Mi Vida Eres Tu and Acorralada. In 2008, he appeared in his first film, Retazos de Vida, directed by Viviana Cordero. He was invited by television producer Carla Estrada to star in Pasión, his breakthrough in Mexican telenovelas.Televisa cast him as the lead in Cuidado con el Angel with actress and ex-RBD singer Maite Perroni. The show was first broadcast in Mexico in June 2008, and began airing in the United States in September 2008 on Univision. It averaged 5 million viewers per evening. <mask> starred alongside Jacqueline Bracamontes on Sortilegio in 2009 Sortilegio aired on Univision, and the finale drew 6.6 million viewers, beating ABC and CBS for viewers in that time slot. In November 2009, the actor lent his voice to the Spanish version of the animated movie Planet 51. The movie opened on November 27 in Mexico and won an award for best animated Spanish-language film of 2009 (Premios Goya). From November 2009 to February 2010, <mask> toured several Mexican cities with the play Un Amante a la Medida, which toured in the United States in June 2010.<mask> participated in the Mexican telenovela Triunfo del Amor, a remake of the Venezuelan classic Cristal, again with Maite Perroni. The telenovela aired on October 25, 2010, in El Canal de las Estrellas. Pedro Torres, executive producer of Mujeres Asesinas, confirmed <mask>'s role in the third season of the popular Mexican series. <mask> starred as Jennifer Lopez's love interest in the music video "I'm Into You", from her album Love?. It aired on NBC's Today on May 2, 2011. <mask> appeared on the cover of People en Español for its special issue on the sexiest men of the year for 2011. In January 2012, it was announced that <mask> would appear in two episodes of the VH1 television series Single Ladies, with Denise Vasi.He was a participant in the 14th season of Dancing with the Stars, with two-time mirror ball champion Cheryl Burke as his dance-pro partner; they finished in third place. In December 2012 <mask> was cast as Captain Damian Fabre for the remake of La Tormenta titled La Tempestad which aired in 2013. <mask> starred in Addicted an erotic drama based on the novel of the same name by Zane. Variety named <mask> one of the Top 10 Latino Actors and Actresses in Hollywood. <mask> co-starred in Tyler Perry's film The Single Moms Club (2014). <mask> was cast in the lead role as Warrior in the Brent Ryan Green film The Veil (2017). In 2018, he began his role as Mateo Ferrera in the Fox musical drama series Star.Personal life
<mask> is a naturalized United States citizen. He has been in an on-off relationship with Mexican-American actress Elizabeth Gutiérrez since 2003, and they have two children together, a son, Christopher Alexander, in 2006, and a daughter, Kailey Alexandra, on March 6, 2010. On July 11, 2009, <mask> converted to Catholicism. Name change
He was born as <mask> <mask>. He got the idea for his name change from a friend of his parents who tried helping the family get out of Cuba while <mask>'s mother was still pregnant, as he told Entertainment Tonight. <mask> is his mother's Jewish last name. Nude photos
In May 2012, while competing on Dancing with the Stars, nude photos of <mask> leaked.<mask> responded by saying "I'm used to that already. [The photos] have been out already all over the world. I was a model when I did these things, so as a model there's nothing wrong [with] doing those kind[s] of things. You gotta work. You gotta make money". Activism
<mask> is a philanthropist and donates his time to fix houses for low-income families in Mexico as part of the "Alianzas que Construyen" Televisa Foundation. Dancing with the Stars performances
<mask> was announced to be a contestant on ABC's Dancing With The Stars partnering with two-time champion Cheryl Burke for season 14.Filmography

Theater
 Un amante a la medida (2009–10)

Awards and nominations

Premios Bravo

Premios Juventud

Premios TVyNovelas

Califa de oro

Premios Casandra

People en Español

Lists
 2011: He appeared in People en Españols list of the 50 handsomest men. 2009: People en Español named him as one of "Los 25 hombres más guapos". 2009: People en Español named him as one of "Los 50 más bellos". 2008: Quién named him as one of "Los 12 hombres más sexys". 2008: People en Español named him as one of "Los 50 más bellos". 2006: People en Español named him as one of "Los 20 solteros más sexys". References

External links

1980 births
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
Hispanic and Latino American male models
American male stage actors
American male telenovela actors
American male voice actors
American Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Cuban emigrants to the United States
People with acquired American citizenship
Cuban male stage actors
Cuban male telenovela actors
Cuban male voice actors
Cuban Roman Catholics
Cuban people of Spanish-Jewish descent
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Living people
Male actors from Miami
Participants in American reality television series

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William Gutiérrez Levy
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James Allen "<mask>" <mask> (born June 27, 1960) is an American businessman and retired politician who has been president and chief executive officer of the Credit Union National Association since 2014. A former member of the Republican Party, Nussle served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2007, was the Republican nominee for the 2006 Iowa gubernatorial election, losing to Democrat Chet Culver, before his appointment as Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in 2007 by President George W. Bush, an office he retained until 2009. On January 6, 2021, Nussle announced he was no longer a member of the Republican Party following the attempted insurrection of the U.S. Capitol. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Des Moines, Iowa. After high school, Nussle studied in Denmark. He then received a B.A. in international studies, political science, and economics from Luther College in 1983, and a J.D.degree from Drake University in Des Moines in 1985. After graduation from Drake University law school, Nussle was elected as the Delaware County, Iowa attorney in Manchester. Political career

Congressional career
In 1990, then 2nd congressional district representative, Tom Tauke, ran against Senator Tom Harkin. Nussle ran as the Republican candidate for Tauke's House seat against Eric Tabor and won. In 1992, as a result of redistricting, Nussle's district was merged with the 3rd congressional district of Democrat David R. Nagle. Nussle defeated Nagle and won reelection. Nussle's first exposure to national attention came when he made a speech from the well of the House while wearing a paper bag over his head to protest the "shameful" ethical behavior involved in the House banking scandal.He became Chairman of the House Budget Committee in 2001, the first Iowan to serve as chair of the committee. His position brought national and international interest to his district, including the ONE Campaign, the lobbying group formed by Bono of the rock band U2. The group has targeted Nussle's district with billboard and radio ads. On March 23, 2006 they placed a statement in Nussle's article on English Wikipedia, regarding poverty in Africa and Nussle's budget influence, hoping to influence Nussle. The statement was quickly removed by editors as it violated English Wikipedia policies on maintaining a neutral point of view. On March 24, 2006, The Des Moines Register contained a story about this revision in which ONE confirmed that they had placed the statement. Nussle's voting record was relatively conservative, despite representing a district with a slight Democratic lean.He had a lifetime rating of 85 from the American Conservative Union. His district has voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election since 1988. Typical conservative positions Nussle embraced are supporting restrictions on abortion and supporting President Bush's tax cuts. His district was renumbered as the 1st District as a result of the 2000s (decade) round of redistricting, and became even more Democratic with the addition of much of Iowa's share of the Quad Cities. However, Nussle was reelected handily in 2002 and 2004. 2006 gubernatorial bid

When Iowa Governor Tom Vilsack announced that he would not seek a third term in 2006, a number of people from both parties began exploring running for the governorship. That included <mask>, who began considering a run shortly after Vilsack made his announcement.On June 2, 2005, Nussle announced he would run for the position. His only serious primary challenger, Bob Vander Plaats, withdrew from the race to endorse Nussle and become his running mate. On February 21, 2006, the Iowa Democratic Party filed an ethics complaint against Nussle for not reporting any in-kind donations from the federal "Nussle for Congress Committee". On July 12, 2006, the Iowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure Board unanimously voted to close the investigation with a finding of no probable cause to believe that a violation of a statute or rule under the board's jurisdiction occurred. On June 6, 2006, Nussle won the Republican primary, but lost the general election to Iowa Secretary of State Chet Culver on November 7 by a wide margin. After the defeat, he first started his own consulting business. In 2007, he was nominated to become Director of the Office of Management and Budget by President Bush.Three Republicans and four Democrats announced their intentions to seek the House seat Nussle was vacating in January, 2007. The primaries pared the candidates down to Democrat Bruce Braley and Republican Mike Whalen. Braley won Nussle's former seat. OMB Director

<mask> was nominated by George W. Bush to replace Rob Portman as OMB Director. He was sworn in on September 10, 2007. A March 9, 2005 quote of Nussle's was included in the 2006 World Almanac and Book of Factss list of notable quotes in 2005 (p. 39): "Everyone wants to get to heaven, but no one wants to die." According to the almanac, the quote refers to opposition to his proposed budget, which included cuts to several earmarks and programs; the statement was made during Nussle's tenure as House Budget Committee Chairman.Post-political career
After leaving the Bush Administration in January 2009, Nussle founded The Nussle Group, a media and strategic consulting firm. In November 2010, Nussle became president and COO of Growth Energy. In September 2014, it was announced that he would become the president and chief executive officer of the Credit Union National Association, a trade group for credit unions. Election history

 For the United States House of Representatives 1990: defeated Eric Tabor 50% to 49.8%
 1992: defeated David R. Nagle 51% to 49%
 1994: defeated David R. Nagle 56% to 43%
 1996: defeated Donna Smith 51% to 48%
 1998: defeated Rob Tully 55% to 44%
 2000: defeated Donna Smith 55% to 44%
 2002: defeated Ann Hutchinson 57% to 43%
 2004: defeated Bill Gluba 55% to 44%

 For Governor of Iowa'
 2006: lost to Chet Culver 44% to 53%

References

External links
 The Nussle Group
 2004 profile of Nussle in US News and World Reports

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1960 births
21st-century American politicians
American Lutherans
American people of Danish descent
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
Drake University alumni
George W. Bush administration cabinet members
Iowa Republicans
Living people
Luther College (Iowa) alumni
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa
People from Manchester, Iowa
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives

masks: Jim Nussle Nussle Nussle Nussle


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<mask> (, also transliterated as <mask>; born 27 August 1958) is a Soviet and Russian mechanical engineer and former cosmonaut. As a prominent rocket scientist, he is a veteran of six space flights and ranks third to Gennady Padalka and Yuri Malenchenko for the amount of time in space: a total of 803 days, 9 hours, and 39 minutes. <mask> was stranded on board the Mir during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. As the country that had sent him into space no longer existed, his return was delayed and he stayed in space for 311 consecutive days, twice as long as the mission had originally called for. He retired from spaceflight in 2007 and was working as vice president of Space Corporation Energia. Biography
<mask> was born in Leningrad in the Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia). He enjoyed swimming, skiing, cycling, aerobatic flying, and amateur radio operations, particularly from space (callsign U5MIR).He graduated from high school in 1975. In 1981, he received a mechanical engineering degree from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute, now called Baltic State Technical University. After graduation in 1981, he joined NPO Energia, the Russian industrial organization responsible for manned space flight activities. He tested space flight equipment, developed space operations methods, and participated in ground control operations. When the Salyut 7 space station failed in 1985, he worked on the rescue mission team, developing procedures for docking with the uncontrolled station and repairing the station's on-board system. Mir
<mask> was selected as a cosmonaut in 1985, completed his basic training in 1986, and, for a time, was assigned to the Buran Shuttle program. In early 1988, he began training for his first long-duration flight aboard the Mir space station.This training included preparations for at least six EVAs (space walks), installation of a new module, the first test of the new Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and the second joint Soviet-French science mission. Soyuz TM-7 was launched on November 26, 1988, with <mask> as flight engineer, Commander Aleksandr Volkov, and French astronaut Jean-Loup Chrétien. The previous crew (Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov, and Valeri Polyakov) remained on Mir for another 25 days, marking the longest period a six-person crew had been in orbit. After the previous crew returned to Earth, <mask>, Polyakov, and Volkov continued to conduct experiments aboard the Mir station. Because arrival of the next crew had been delayed, they prepared the Mir for a period of unmanned operations before returning to Earth on April 27, 1989. In April 1990, <mask> began preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-duration Mir mission, which also included five EVAs and a week of Soviet-Japanese operations. In December 1990, <mask> began training for the ninth Mir mission which included training for ten EVAs.Soyuz TM-12 launched on May 19, 1991, with <mask> as flight engineer, Commander Anatoly Artsebarsky, and British astronaut Helen Sharman. Sharman returned to Earth with the following crew after one week, while <mask> and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. During the summer, they conducted six EVAs to perform a variety of experiments and some station maintenance tasks. In July 1991, <mask> agreed to stay on Mir as flight engineer for the next crew, scheduled to arrive in October because the next two planned flights had been reduced to one. The engineer slot on the Soyuz TM-13 flight on October 2, 1991, was filled by Toktar Aubakirov, an astronaut from the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, who had not been trained for a long-duration mission. Both Aubakirov and Franz Viehböck, the first Austrian astronaut, returned with Artsebarsky on 10 October 1991. Commander Alexander Volkov remained on board with <mask>.After the crew replacement in October, Volkov and <mask> continued Mir experiment operations and conducted another EVA before returning to Earth on March 25, 1992. Throughout his various missions aboard Mir, <mask> regularly communicated with various amateur radio operators (hams) across the globe. A particularly lengthy relationship was formed between <mask> and amateur radio operator Margaret Iaquinto. At one point during one of his stays in space, he contacted her once a day for an entire year. <mask> and Iaquinto successfully communicated via packet radio for the first time in history between an orbiting space station and an amateur radio operator. They communicated about personal matters, as well as political ones. Iaquinto set up a makeshift digital bulletin board that the Mir cosmonauts would often use to obtain uncensored western news and information regarding the state of the collapsing Soviet Union.<mask> was in space when the Soviet Union was dissolved on December 26, 1991. With the Baikonur Cosmodrome and the landing area both being located in the newly independent Kazakhstan, there was a great deal of uncertainty about the fate of his mission. He remained in space twice as long as originally planned, spending a total of 311 days in space. Because <mask> spent so much time in space away from Earth’s center of gravity, time dilation (or the slowing down of clocks) caused him to be 0.02 seconds younger than other people born at the same time as him. He returned to Earth on March 25 and is sometimes referred to as the "last Soviet citizen". These events are documented and contextualized in Romanian filmmaker Andrei Ujică's 1995 documentary Out of the Present. <mask>'s story inspired the 2017 film Sergio & Sergei, directed by Ernesto Daranas.Space Shuttle

In October 1992, NASA announced that an experienced cosmonaut would fly aboard a future Space Shuttle mission. <mask> was one of two candidates named by the Russian Space Agency for mission specialist training with the crew of STS-60. In April 1993, he was assigned as prime mission specialist. In September 1993, Vladimir Titov was selected to fly on STS-63 with <mask> training as his back-up. <mask> flew on STS-60, the first joint U.S./Russian Space Shuttle Mission. Launched on February 3, 1994, STS-60 was the second flight of the Space Habitation Module-2 (Spacehab-2), and the first flight of the Wake Shield Facility (WSF-1). During the eight-day flight, the crew of Discovery conducted a wide variety of materials science experiments, both on the Wake Shield Facility and in the Spacehab, Earth observation, and life science experiments.<mask> conducted significant portions of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) operations during the flight. Following 130 orbits of the Earth in , STS-60 landed at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 11 February 1994. With the completion of this flight, <mask> logged an additional eight days, seven hours, nine minutes in space. <mask> returned to duty in Russia following his American experience on STS-60. Periodically he returned to the Johnson Space Center in Houston to work with CAPCOM in Mission Control and ground controllers in Russia supporting joint U.S./Russian Missions STS-63, STS-71, STS-74 and STS-76. <mask> and Robert Cabana became the first people to enter the ISS in December 1998, when they turned on the lights in the US module Unity. <mask> flew on STS-88 Endeavour (4–15 December 1998), the first International Space Station assembly mission.During the 12-day mission the Unity module was mated with Zarya module. Two crew members performed three space walks to connect umbilicals and attach tools and hardware for use in future EVAs. The crew also performed IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) operations, and deployed two satellites, Mighty Sat 1 and SAC-A. The mission was accomplished in 185 orbits of the Earth in 283 hours and 18 minutes. International Space Station
Krikalev was a member of the Expedition 1 crew. They launched October 31, 2000, on a Soyuz rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, successfully docking with the station on November 2, 2000. During their stay on the station they prepared the inside of the orbital outpost for future crews.They also saw the station grow in size with the installation of the U.S. solar array structure and the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module. They left the station with the STS-102 crew, undocking from the station on 18 March with landing at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 21 March 2001. <mask> was also the Commander of Expedition 11. He lived and worked aboard the International Space Station on a six-month tour of duty. This was the third time he had flown to the International Space Station. Expedition 11 launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on 14 April 2005 aboard a Soyuz spacecraft and docked with the ISS on 16 April 2005. Following eight days of joint operations and handover briefings, they replaced the Expedition 10 crew who returned to earth aboard Soyuz.Expedition 11 plans called for two spacewalks, the first in August from the US Quest airlock in US spacesuits, and the second, in September, in Russian spacesuits from the Pirs airlock. On August 16, 2005 at 1:44 a.m. EDT he passed the record of 748 days in space held by <mask>. Expedition 11 undocked from the ISS on 10 October 2005 at 5:49 p.m. EDT and landed in Kazakhstan on 10 October 2005 at 9:09 p.m. EDT. They were replaced by William S. McArthur and Valeri Tokarev, the crew of Expedition 12. In completing his sixth space flight, <mask> logged 803 days and 9 hours and 39 minutes in space, including eight EVAs. He is currently third to Gennady Padalka and Yuri Malenchenko in the record for the most time spent in space. <mask>'s contributions to the ISS were not limited to his on-orbit time.On June 15, 2007, <mask> was brought to the Russian Mission Control center to instruct Expedition 15 Flight Engineer Oleg Kotov on how he and ISS Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin could jump-start the Russian segment's crippled computer systems. Later career
On February 15, 2007, <mask> was appointed Vice President of the S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (Russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" им. С.П.Королева) in charge of manned space flights. In that office, he was the administrator of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center from 2009 to 2014. In popular culture
A character based on <mask> features in the 2017 Cuban film drama Sergio and Sergei, in which a professor and amateur radio enthusiast in Havana contacts a cosmonaut named <mask> aboard the Mir space station. The film draws parallels between economic hardships in Cuba at the time and the fall of the Soviet Union, which occurred as the real-life <mask> was aboard Mir.Missions
 Soyuz TM-7: Launched November 26, 1988
 Soyuz TM-12: Launched May 19, 1991
 STS-60 Space Shuttle Discovery: Launched February 3, 1994
 STS-88 Space Shuttle Endeavour: Launched December 4, 1998
 ISS Expedition 1: Launched October 31, 2000
 ISS Expedition 11: Launched April 14, 2005

Awards
He was a member of the Russian and Soviet national aerobatic flying teams, and was Champion of Moscow in 1983, and Champion of the Soviet Union in 1986. For his contributions to the Russian space program, he was the very first person awarded with the title of Hero of the Russian Federation. For his space flight experience, he was awarded:
 the title of Hero of the Russian Federation;
 the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (USSR);
 the title of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR (USSR);
 the Order of Lenin (USSR);
 Order For Merit to the Fatherland 4th class;
 Order of Honour;
 Order of Friendship of Peoples (USSR);
 Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration";
 Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg". Foreign awards:
 Officer of the Legion of Honour (France);
 NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (USA);
 three NASA Space Flight Medals (USA). He overtook <mask>'s previous record for the career total time spent in space (747.59 days) during Expedition 11 to the International Space Station. <mask> has logged a total of 803 days and 9 hours and 39 minutes in space. On 23 May 2007 <mask> was selected as an honorary citizen of Saint Petersburg together with conductor Valery Gergiev.<mask> was one of five cosmonauts selected to raise the Russian flag at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. See also
 List of human spaceflights chronologically
 List of ISS spacewalks
 List of Space Shuttle missions
 List of spacewalks and moonwalks

References

External links
 Energia biography of S<mask>
 NASA biography of S<mask>
 Spacefacts biography of S. Krikalev

Heroes of the Soviet Union
Heroes of the Russian Federation
Commanders of the International Space Station
Soviet cosmonauts
Russian cosmonauts
Russian explorers
People from Saint Petersburg
1958 births
Living people
Crew members of the International Space Station
Russian mechanical engineers
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Spacewalkers
Mir crew members

masks:
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev
Sergei Krikalyov
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Sergei Avdeyev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Krikalev
Sergei
Krikalev
Sergei Avdeyev
Krikalev
Sergei Krikalev
Krikalev
. Krikalev
. Krikalev


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<mask> (1880–1957) was an American architect who flourished during the "Golden Age" of Hawaiian architecture. He was one of the principal proponents of a distinctive "Hawaiian style" of architecture appropriate to the local environment and reflective of the cultural heritage of the islands. He was one of the three founders (in 1926) of the Honolulu Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, and the only one of its fourteen charter members to be elected a Fellow of the AIA. He served as territorial architect during World War II. Early years
<mask> was born December 26, 1880 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. <mask>'s grandfather <mask>, father <mask>, and uncle Louis M. H<mask> were all in the building trades. His Uncle Louis had studied architecture at Cornell University, sought work in Chicago after the Great Fire of 1871, then settled in Kansas in 1873, working until 1887 with architect John G. Haskell, whose commissions included the Kansas State Capitol, Chase County Courthouse, and buildings for the University of Kansas, Washburn University, Haskell Institute, and federal schools for tribes in the neighboring Indian Territory.Thomas moved his family west in the early 1880s, settling for a time in Hays, Kansas. By 1890, both brothers had moved to a booming Denver, Colorado, awash with architects and civic art clubs and rapidly filling with Richardsonian Romanesque buildings downtown. <mask> began his architectural career in Denver, finding work in 1898 as a draftsman for the firm of Willis A. Marean and Albert J. Norton, who later designed the Colorado Governor's Mansion (1908). In 1900, he joined Frank E. Edbrooke & Company, who had designed the Brown Palace Hotel (1892). By 1902, he had moved to California, where he spent a year drafting plans for new campus building of Stanford University, where conservative Richardsonian Romanesque detail adorned newly evolving California Mission Revival Style architecture under the guidance of Boston-based Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge. At Stanford, he was also exposed to the landscape architecture of Frederick Law Olmsted. He then spent a year working for the young firm of Meyer and O'Brien before joining the firm of Bliss and Faville just in time to work on their most famous project, the St. Francis Hotel, and other major buildings arising from the ashes of the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, including the Neoclassical architecture of the Bank of California and the more Beaux-Arts style of the Union Savings Bank (1909), the Columbia (now Geary) Theater (1909), and the Masonic Temple (1912).In 1904, he moved to the more rural East Bay area around Oakland, California, home to distinctive architects including Bernard Maybeck, known for designing individualistic rustic homes. <mask> married Jessie Spangler on November 21, 1906 in Berkeley, California. In 1910, he founded the Oakland Architectural Club and served as its first president (1910–1912). Other members included John Galen Howard, Louis Christian Mullgardt, and Oswald Spier. In 1911 he became a licensed architect, no longer just a draftsman, and the following year designed his own home on a steep hillside in Piedmont, California, a modest but well-crafted, wood-shingled house with rustic features worthy of Maybeck, including porch columns of bark-sheathed redwood. Also in 1912 Bliss and Faville was chosen as one of five San Francisco architectural firms to work on the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. As their chief draftsman, <mask> was heavily involved, especially in designing the exposition's landscaping and Great Wall.He also worked with John McLaren, the horticulturist who designed Golden Gate Park, on a unique long, towering fence frame covered with iceplants along the main entrance of the exposition. The onset of World War I in 1914 severely reduced both new architectural commissions and access to high-quality European tools of the trade. <mask> left Bliss and Faville to work briefly for another firm known for Beaux-Arts architecture, that of Lewis P. Hobart, before going into partnership with Horace G. Simpson in 1915. In between scarce commissions, the new partners published a series of articles in Architect and Engineer of California on planned communities of the kind envisioned by the Garden city movement. One article extolled the virtues of "English cottage" (Tudor Revival) styles for suburban living, a style they employed to good effect in designing houses and landscaping lots in the newly expanding suburb of Burlingame, California (billed as a "City of Trees") and in a wooded residential subdivision for its workers commissioned by Pacific Electric Metals Company of Bay Point, California, east of Berkeley. However, so little work was available during the war years that the two dissolved their partnership in 1917, and <mask> worked in a shipyard to make ends meet. Hawaii Years
<mask> first arrived in Hawaii in 1919, at the age of 38 and with a new partner he had met in Oakland: Charles William Dickey, who had secured two residential and two commercial commissions in Honolulu.Dickey had an architecture degree from MIT, and was grandson of William P. Alexander, an early missionary to Hawaii. The partnership lasted until 1928 and produced many notable buildings, such as the Alexander & Baldwin Building (1929) and Honolulu Hale (1929)—the latter in collaboration with every other major architect in town. Among his most striking designs are two churches. The First Church of Christ Scientist (1923), where he was a member, employs local materials, adapts some Hawaiian building techniques, and lies athwart cooling tradewinds in a shady tropical landscape. (He employed a similar design in 1922 for the main body of the Albert Spencer Wilcox Building in Lihue, completed in 1924.) The First Chinese Church of Christ (1929) artfully blends bell tower with pagoda, stained glass with colorful glazed tiles, and crosses with traditional Chinese geometric patterns. Similar Chinese motifs can also be seen in the work of other architects that <mask> influenced, such as in J. Alvin Shadinger's interior design for the R.N.Linn House (1928). <mask> designed one of the first stores in Waikiki, the Gump Building (1929). Among the more notable of the many private residences he designed are those for Dr. James Morgan, Dr. Robert Faus (1924), Frederick Ohrt (1925), Georges de S. Canavarro (1926), and Robert Pew (whose house was known as "Wei Lan Tien") (1931). Commissions from various sugarcane plantations helped keep him afloat during the Great Depression. On Kauai he designed the Waimea Community Center (now Boys & Girls Clubhouse) (1933) and houses for the Waimea Plantation doctor and Kekaha Plantation skilled workers (1934). On Oahu he designed the Ewa Plantation administration building (1934), and on Lānai the Dole Plantation manager's house (1936). Frederick Ohrt became a regular client after being appointed head of the new Board of Water Supply in 1930.He hired <mask> to design pumping stations at Pacific Heights (1933), Makiki (1935), and Kalihi Uka (1935); and an aerator in Nuuanu (1936). In fact, <mask>'s last major project was the Board of Water Supply Building (1958). Many of the buildings he designed are on the State and National Register of Historic Places, including three of the Honolulu Tudor–French Norman Cottages built during 1923–1932. He died in Honolulu on October 6, 1957. Gallery

Notes

References
 Hibbard, Don, Glenn Mason, and Karen Weitze (2010). <mask>: Architectural Regionalism in Hawai‘i. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Sandler, Rob, Julie Mehta, and Frank S. Haines (2008). Architecture in Hawai‘i: A Chronological Survey, new edition. Honolulu: Mutual Publishing. 1880 births
1957 deaths
20th-century American architects
Hawaiian architecture
Architects from Philadelphia
People from Hays, Kansas
People from Oakland, California
People from Piedmont, California

masks:
Hart Wood
Hart Wood
Hart
Samuel Wood
Thomas Hart Benton Wood
. Wood
Hart
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Hart Wood


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<mask> (November 7, 1928 – September 22, 2015) was an American scientist and religious leader who served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). <mask> was born in Idaho in 1928 and grew up in Washington, D.C. He attended George Washington University as an undergraduate, graduating in 1950 with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. He then served a full-time LDS mission in Uruguay from 1950 to 1953, achieving fluency in Spanish. Upon his return in 1953, <mask> married Jeanene Watkins, his college girlfriend and the daughter of U.S. Senator Arthur Watkins, and began working as a nuclear engineer for Naval Reactors under the leadership of Admiral Hyman Rickover.<mask> worked for the U.S. government until 1965, when the LDS Church selected him to serve as a mission president in Argentina. He completed his service in 1968 and returned to Washington, D.C., where he worked for a private nuclear engineering consulting firm. <mask>'s scientific career ended in 1977 when the LDS Church called him to serve as a general authority. Following the death of Marion G. Romney in 1988, <mask> was chosen to fill the subsequent vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and served in that position until his death in 2015. Background and education
<mask> was born in Pocatello, Idaho, to Kenneth Leroy <mask> and Mary Eliza Whittle. When he was five years old, the family moved to Washington, D.C., where his father worked in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. His father was not a member of the LDS Church at the time, and his mother was marginally active, until the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture in the Eisenhower administration, church apostle Ezra Taft Benson, named <mask> as Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.Benson's influence led to his father's conversion and the reactivation of his mother. In 1988, as church president, Benson appointed <mask> as a church apostle. Encouraged by his bishop and home teachers, <mask> had attended church sporadically at times during his youth but felt out of place. He lacked confidence socially and athletically at school, although he excelled academically, was a class president, played the clarinet in the band, and was a drum major in the marching band. During his high school summers, <mask> worked various jobs to earn money for college. Working on an oyster boat off the coast of Long Island, New York, during one summer, the hardened fishermen mocked him for not drinking alcohol. When a man went overboard and 17-year-old "<mask>" was the only sober man on board, he was sent overboard to look for him.In other summers, <mask> cut down trees in Utah for the forest service and repaired railroad cars; he also worked as a dishwasher and assistant cook for a logging company in Utah. <mask> graduated from George Washington University with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. At the time, he was dating Jeanene Watkins, the daughter of U.S. Senator Arthur V. Watkins. When she categorically stated that she would only marry a returned missionary in an LDS temple, <mask>'s career plans changed and he applied for missionary service. He was called to serve in the Uruguay Montevideo Mission. It was during his missionary service that <mask> was able to fill "all the voids of loneliness" he had felt since his youth.Jeanene graduated in sociology and left the day after graduation for a mission to the northwestern United States. After they both completed their missionary service, they married in the Manti Temple on July 16, 1953. The <mask>s had seven children, five of whom reached adulthood. Their first son died after an operation to correct a congenital heart condition. Their second daughter lived only minutes and died six weeks before the death of their first son. Jeanene <mask> died on May 15, 1995, after a short battle with cancer. Career

A few weeks after returning from Uruguay, <mask> was interviewed by Hyman G. Rickover, "father of the nuclear Navy".The interview seemed to go poorly since, when <mask> mentioned his recent missionary service, the volatile Captain snapped, "and what do I care about your mission?" When asked what was the last book he read, <mask> had to answer truthfully that it was the Book of Mormon. When all seemed lost to <mask>, he stood to leave, but Rickover told him to wait, saying that he had only been testing his confidence and whether he would be true to what he believed, since this would be a difficult project. <mask> was then offered the job working on the design of the nuclear reactor for the Nautilus, the first nuclear-powered submarine of the U.S. Navy. While working for Naval Reactors, <mask> reported to Harry Mandil, reactor engineering branch director and became one of Mandil's key reactor material engineers. <mask> later completed what was an equivalent to a doctorate in nuclear engineering at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, but due to the classified nature of the work, a formal university degree was not awarded. He also worked on the development of the Shippingport Atomic Power Station—the first commercial land-based nuclear power plant.He worked with Rickover until 1965 when he and his family moved to Córdoba, Argentina, when he was called as president of the church's Argentina North Mission. One of his missionaries was D. Todd Christofferson, who would later be called to serve in the Quorum of the Twelve with <mask>. After his return from Argentina, <mask> joined other former Rickover staffers at a private consulting firm specializing in nuclear engineering, working out of Washington, D.C. He worked there until his call as a church general authority in 1977. LDS Church service
<mask> served in the LDS Church in many capacities. His ability to speak Spanish aided him in many assignments. Apart from his 31-month mission to Uruguay, he served as a stake clerk and as a counselor in a stake presidency before his service as a mission president.He served as a regional representative in the Uruguay, Paraguay, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. areas. He was called as a general authority and member of the First Quorum of the Seventy in April 1977. In 1983, he was called to the Presidency of the Seventy. As a seventy, <mask> served as managing director of the Genealogical Department and Executive Administrator of the church for Southern Mexico and Central America. On October 1, 1988, <mask> was called to serve in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, filling the vacancy created by the death of quorum president Marion G. Romney. As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, <mask> was accepted by the church as a prophet, seer, and revelator. After not speaking in the church's general conference earlier in the month, on April 23, 2015, <mask> was hospitalized with gastrointestinal bleeding.The bleeding was brought under control within the next 24 hours, and he was released from the hospital on April 28. The bleeding was later determined to have been caused by an ulcer. The church reported that "<mask>, known for his gentle manner and devoted service, has experienced a fading memory incident to age, and is not fully able to participate in meetings of the Quorum of the Twelve at this time. Doctors consider his condition as stable." <mask> died on September 22, 2015, at age 86, due to causes incident to age. His death meant that there were three vacancies in the Quorum of the Twelve apostles. With the death of fellow apostles L. Tom Perry and Boyd K. Packer in the previous months, there had not been so many vacancies in the Quorum since 1906.The vacancies were filled in the next general conference in October. Writings
<mask> was a regular speaker at Church Educational System firesides and at the church's general conferences. In these settings he was known "for delivering compassionate talks ... looking directly into the camera, and pleading for repentance and improvements in the lives of members. He emphasizes the Savior's compassion and willingness to forgive past transgressions, and pleads for members to repent and move on with their lives." In 2007, <mask> wrote Finding Peace, Happiness and Joy, his first book written as an apostle. It carries on many themes from his talks such as repentance and finding happiness through the atonement of Jesus Christ. Some of the addresses he has delivered in general conferences include:
 "To Heal the Shattering Consequences of Abuse", April 2008 General Conference
 "Truth, the Foundation of Correct Decisions", October 2007 General Conference
 "Jesus Christ, Our Redeemer", April 1997 General Conference

References

External links

General Authorities and General Officers: Elder <mask><mask>
<mask>pa Bill's G.A.Pages: <mask><mask>

1928 births
2015 deaths
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American Latter Day Saint writers
American Mormon missionaries in Argentina
American Mormon missionaries in Uruguay
American nuclear engineers
Apostles (LDS Church)
George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Members of the First Quorum of the Seventy (LDS Church)
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
People from Pocatello, Idaho
Presidents of the Seventy (LDS Church)
Regional representatives of the Twelve
American general authorities (LDS Church)
Religious leaders from Idaho
Religious leaders from Washington, D.C. Latter Day Saints from Idaho
Latter Day Saints from Washington, D.C.

masks:
Richard Gordon Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Kenneth Scott
Richard
Scott
Scott
Scotty
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Watkins Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Elder Scott
Scott
Scott
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Richard G
. Scott
Gram
Richard G
. Scott


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<mask> (Hebrew: שבתאי רוזן) (24 November 1917 – 21 September 2010) was a Professor of International Law and an Israeli diplomat. <mask> was awarded the 1960 Israel Prize for Jurisprudence, the 1999 Manley O. Hudson Medal for International Law and Jurisprudence, the 2004 Hague Prize for International Law and the 2007 Distinguished Onassis Scholar Award. He was the leading scholar of the World Court - the PCIJ and ICJ and had a widely recognized expertise in treaty law, state responsibility, self-defence, UNCLOS and other issues of international law. <mask> authored some 200 articles and essays, as well as The Law and Practice of the International Court in 1997 and 2006, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982: a Commentary in 2002, Provisional Measures in International Law: the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in 2005, and Essays on International Law and Practice in 2007.In June 2010, he was appointed to the Israeli special independent public Turkel Commission of Inquiry into the Gaza flotilla raid. Biography
Sefton Wilfred David Rowson (later <mask>) was born in London, United Kingdom, the son of Harry Rowson. In 1938, <mask> completed his academic studies in law (LL.B. ; University of London), studying naval law.In 1959, he earned a PhD from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He served from 1940 to 1946 in the Royal Air Force. He then worked in the Political Department of the Jewish Agency, initially in London and subsequently in Jerusalem, for two years. <mask> died of a heart attack in Jerusalem on 21 September 2010 at the age of 92. Diplomatic career
With the approach of the end of the British Mandate in Palestine, <mask> was appointed to the Legal Secretariat of the Situation Committee, which helped create the administrative apparatus of the new State of Israel. After the declaration of the State, he joined the Israeli Foreign Ministry. From 1948 to 1967, <mask> served as a Legal Adviser to the Foreign Ministry.Among other things, he was as a member of the Israeli delegation to the 1949 Armistice Agreements. He was also a member of the UN-established International Law Commission from 1962 to 1971, and has been a member of the Institut de Droit International since 1963. In 1960, he was appointed to the rank of Ambassador. He served as Deputy Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations in New York from 1967 to 1971, and Israel's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva from 1971 to 1974. In 1972, a letter bomb was sent to him, which was defused. He was appointed Ambassador-at-Large in 1974. He was Vice Chairman of Delegation to the First and Second United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, and from 1973 to 1982 he was Chairman of the Delegation to the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea and a member of the Drafting Committee of the UNCLOS.In 1993, he acted as Serbia's chief legal advisor. From 1994 to 1996 he was a Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague. He was also a member of the Court's Steering Committee. Academic career
He returned to Britain and lectured in international law and naval law at the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, London, from 1946 to 1947. <mask> taught at The Hague Academy of International Law in 1954 and 2001. He became a member of the Institute of International Law in 1963. After leaving public service, <mask> became a member of the faculty (with the rank of Professor) at Bar Ilan University.He also taught at the Rhodes Oceans Academy in Greece, as the Arthur Goodhart Professor in Legal Science in the University of Cambridge, the Bella van Zuylen Professor in the University of Utrecht, and visiting professor in international law at the University of Amsterdam and the University of Virginia. In 2001, after <mask> was invited to teach his General Course on The Perplexities of Modern International Law, he became a member of the Hague Academy of International Law. He has also served as a consultant to various governments, including to the United States and Yugoslavia (in the Bosnian Genocide case) before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and to Japan and Suriname in their Arbitrations in the ICSID and PCA respectively. He wrote United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982: a Commentary in 2002, Provisional Measures in International Law: the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in 2005, and Essays on International Law and Practice in 2007. The first edition of <mask>'s monumental treatise on The Law and Practice of the International Court was handed to then ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel and UN Legal Counsel Hans Corell in November 1997. The second edition was handed by Rosenne to ICJ President Rosalyn Higgins on the eve of the Court's 60th Anniversary in April 2006 and it was praised in solemn tribute of ICJ President Hisashi Owada to the memory of Professor <mask> of 11 October 2010 as "an indispensable guide to the role and functioning of the Court as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations". As President Owada at his tribute's p. 10 added: "<mask>'s keen interest in and enthusiasm about the work of the Court, which continued unabated throughout his life, was greatly appreciated by all Members of the Court, past and present".Turkel Commission of Inquiry

On 14 June 2010, <mask> was appointed to the Israeli special independent public Turkel Commission of Inquiry into the Gaza flotilla raid. The commission was established to investigate whether Israel's actions in preventing the arrival of ships in Gaza were in accordance with international law. Its focus included the security considerations for imposing a naval blockade on the Gaza Strip; the conformity of the naval blockade with the rules of international law; the conformity of the actions during the raid to principles of international law; and the actions taken by those who organized and participated in the flotilla and their identities. Also appointed to the commission were former Israeli Supreme Court Justice, Jacob Turkel, and former Technion University President, Amos Horev, as well two other members, Miguel Deutch and Reuven Merchav, added in July 2010. In addition, two foreign observers were appointed to the commission, former First Minister of Northern Ireland, David Trimble, and former head of the Canadian military's judiciary, Judge Advocate General, Ken Watkin, authorized to take part in hearings and discussions, but not to vote on final conclusions. Awards and recognition
 In 1960, <mask> was awarded the Israel Prize, in jurisprudence. In 1994, he was honoured by the American Society of International Law, and has been elected to serve as its honorary president.In 1994, he was also honoured with the Sharett Prize. In 1999, he was awarded the Manley O. Hudson Medal for International Law and Jurisprudence. In 2004, he received the Hague Prize for International Law. In 2007, <mask> received Distinguished Onassis Scholar Award from the Rhodes Oceans Academy in Greece. Journal of International Law & Policy 145, 1997–98
"Geography in international maritime boundary-making", <mask> <mask>, 15 Political Geography 319, 1996
"Establishing the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea", <mask> <mask>, 89 American Journal of International Law 806, 1995
"The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea", <mask> <mask>, 29 Israel Law Review 491, 1995
"The Qatar/Bahrain Case What is a Treaty? A Framework Agreement and the Seising of the Court", <mask> <mask>, 8 Leiden Journal of International Law 161, 1995

See also
List of Israel Prize recipients

References

1917 births
2010 deaths
Diplomats from London
British Jews
British emigrants to Israel
Israeli Jews
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Israeli jurists
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Bar-Ilan University faculty
Israel Prize in law recipients
Academics of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
University of Virginia faculty
University of Amsterdam faculty
International law scholars
The Hague Academy of International Law people
Ambassadors of Israel
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Members of the Institut de Droit International
Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
Permanent Representatives of Israel to the United Nations
Israeli judges of international courts and tribunals
Lawyers from London
20th-century English lawyers

masks:
Shabtai Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Shabtai Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Rosenne
Shabtai
Rosenne
Shabtai
Rosenne
Shabtai
Rosenne
Shabtai
Rosenne


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<mask>. (born July 7, 1967) is the current assistant general manager for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). <mask> previously served as the director of player personnel for the Boston Bruins and the general manager of their American Hockey League affiliate, the Providence Bruins. <mask> previously was the vice president and general manager for the Toronto Maple Leafs from 2003 to 2008. Playing career
Drafted by the Montreal Canadiens, the team with which his father had played every one of his NHL games, in the 12th round of the 1985 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> played four professional seasons at the American Hockey League (AHL) level with the Canadiens and Senators organizations. He was alternate captain of the 1992 Fredericton Canadiens that won the AHL regular season championship. <mask> was named the team's "unsung hero" in consecutive years (1991, 1992). He played his college hockey at Providence College, where he served as an assistant captain, was an Academic All-American and graduated magna cum laude with a degree in business administration in 1989.Post-playing career
<mask> was a player agent responsible for negotiating player contracts, product endorsements and player recruitment. From 1993 to 1996 he was a member of the Ottawa Senators scouting staff as an amateur and professional scout. During that time he also spent the summers of 1994 and 1995 at the NHL office in the hockey operations and legal departments. Following his professional hockey career, he graduated cum laude with the degree of juris doctor from the Suffolk University Law School and was admitted to the Massachusetts State Bar in 1996. St. Louis Blues
<mask> served as vice president and director of hockey operations for the St. Louis Blues, and before that he was assistant general manager for the club for five seasons. In that role he evaluated players at the professional and amateur level and negotiated player contracts. <mask> was also the president and general manager of the Worcester IceCats and was influential in the negotiation and acquisition of the Blues' top minor league affiliate.He is a former chairman of the AHL's Competition Committee and also served on the league's Legal Affairs Committee. Toronto Maple Leafs
On August 29, 2003, at the age of 36, <mask> became the 12th general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs. He succeeded Pat Quinn, who retained his duties as head coach after serving in a dual capacity for the previous four seasons. Leafs President Ken Dryden was given a seat on MLSE's board of directors and shuffled to the post of Vice-Chairman, where he was no longer in the Leafs management reporting hierarchy. During the 2005–06 season, the first after lockout, the Leafs narrowly missed the postseason. Quinn took the blame from the MLSE front office for the team's failure to make the playoffs and was let go as head coach. Quinn's firing upset some longtime Leaf fans, with many calling for the firing of <mask> himself.The Leafs had finished the season 9-1-2 despite season-ending injuries to Eric Lindros, Jason Allison, Alex Khavanov and Ed Belfour, with TSN criticising <mask> for signing these players. Many of the young players, who were key contributors to the Leaf's late-season run for a playoff spot, were drafted by Quinn prior to <mask>'s arrival. <mask> also drew criticism for a trade which brought Mark Bell to the Leafs. Bell was convicted for a hit and run and driving under the influence while with the San Jose Sharks; the NHL (which wanted to crack down on off-ice behavior) suspended Bell for his first fifteen Leafs games. Entering the 2007–08 season the Leafs had posted a .577 points percentage during <mask>'s tenure, establishing franchise records for points (103), wins (45-tie), home wins (26) and road wins (23) in a season. The team lost to the Philadelphia Flyers in the first round of the 2003 playoffs, in seven games, and were again eliminated by the Flyers in 2004, in six games during the second round. The Leafs reached at least 90 points and 40 wins in each of the three seasons played.However, the team failed to qualify for the playoffs in the last two of the four seasons under <mask>. The team was out of a playoff position at the time of his dismissal, near the bottom of the league. After weeks of media speculation, on January 22, 2008, <mask> was informed his Leafs' contract would not be renewed when it expired on June 30, 2008. He was relieved immediately from his duties as general manager, and was replaced by returning former Maple Leafs GM Cliff Fletcher. Team Canada
In 2007 <mask> served as a member of Team Canada management at the 2007 IIHF World Championship in Russia. He collaborated with Steve Yzerman in selecting Canada's unbeaten gold medal roster, the youngest team to ever win a World Championship. After the Leafs
At the 2007–08 NHL Season's trade deadline, <mask> provided analysis of the trades as they came in for TSN.From 2008 to 2014, he served as a scout for the San Jose Sharks of the NHL. On June 26, 2014, he joined the Boston Bruins as Executive Director of Player Personnel. On September 16, 2016, he was also given the position of general manager of Boston's American Hockey League affiliate, the Providence Bruins. In 2021, he was hired as the assistant general manager of the Arizona Coyotes and the general manager of their AHL affiliate, the Tucson Roadrunners. Personal life
<mask> is married to Providence College graduate, Stephanie Paiva. <mask> is the son of former Montreal Canadiens forward <mask>, Sr., and was born in the city during his father's stint with the team. References

External links
"Mystery Man" (Slam.ca column)

1967 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Boston Bruins executives
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Fredericton Canadiens players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Montreal Canadiens draft picks
National Hockey League executives
National Hockey League general managers
New Haven Senators players
Ottawa Senators scouts
Peoria Rivermen (IHL) players
Providence Friars men's ice hockey players
St. Louis Blues executives
San Jose Sharks scouts
Sherbrooke Canadiens players
Toronto Maple Leafs executives
Winnipeg South Blues players
Ice hockey people from Quebec

masks:
John Ferguson Jr
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
John Ferguson