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<mask> (born 1967) is an American artist based in Los Angeles. His projects cross boundaries typically drawn between personal and collaborative work, disciplines like painting, sculpture and installation art, and artistic fields including writing, music, art, illustration, design and performance. In his personal work, he frequently creates immersive, multimedia tableaux and exhibitions that Los Angeles Times critic Christopher Knight described as "carnivalesque hybrids of painting and sculpture whose chief aim is to turn visions of the conventional world upside down." He often mixes opposing artistic styles (e.g., expressionist figurative drawing and geometric abstraction), irreverent conceptual strategies, and tones that range from playful to alienated or politically pointed. His collaborations include several artist-writer publications, including I’m Still In Love With You (1998–9), Song Poems (2000–1, which featured original music), and AB OVO (2005); he also co-founded the artist-run space La Cienegas Projects and established Nothing Moments Press, which produced and published "Nothing Moments" (2007), a set of 24 limited-edition book collaborations between writers, artists and designers. These projects have been presented at MOCA at the Pacific Design Center, Rosamund Felsen Gallery, and Festival Supreme, among other venues. <mask> has received a Joan Mitchell Foundation award for painting (2009) and a Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation award (2001).He is married to artist Tami Demaree. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Lakewood, California in 1967. He became interested in art in his late teens after being involved in theater and before committing to college, took classes and worked as an assistant at University of Texas for artists Robert Colescott, Mary Lovelace O'Neill and Michael Tracy. After enrolling at California Institute of the Arts at age 24, he earned a BFA (1995) and MFA (1997), studying with Michael Asher and Thomas Lawson, respectively. The following year, he began exhibiting at Rosamund Felsen Gallery in Santa Monica, a relationship that continued until 2016; he was also featured in early solo shows at Galerie Rolf Ricke (Germany, 2002) and Angstrom Gallery (Dallas, 2002–6) and group shows at Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions (LACE), Los Angeles Municipal Gallery, Neues Museum Nürnberg (Germany), and San Diego Museum of Art. Personal work
<mask>'s work often explores the ways that disciplines interact, overlap and create meaning through hybrid projects—mixed-media installations that collapse disparate styles and disciplines into experiential wholes and challenge preconceived ideas about art and its functioning. His paintings and drawings oscillate between edgy, expressionist figurative works (involving carnival, erotic, sea or political themes) and geometric or lyrical abstraction; he often juxtaposes them with found objects and handmade, theatrical assemblage sculptures in exhibitions that may also include sound and motion.Early painting and drawing
<mask> gained early recognition for his paintings and drawings, with publications such as Artforum and LA Weekly placing him among a younger generation of Los Angeles painters whose work nonchalantly and self-consciously disrupted modernist paradigms such as intentionality, the expressive "truth" of gesture, and rigid distinctions between abstraction and figuration. In personal and curatorial work (e.g., the exhibitions "Landscape Memories", 1999; "Are 'Friends' Electric?" 2001; and "Painful Giggles", 2004, which included works made with his children), <mask> pursued irreverent conceptual and presentation strategies (e.g., multiple panels, stacked canvasses) that complicated or subverted traditional genres and gallery practices. Critics characterize his painting of this time as challenging and sometimes confrontational in its mix of visual acumen, dissonant styles, and aggressive gesture and color. He coupled chaotic, fluorescent stripe paintings that were likened to the work of Ed Moses with others in which he applied wads of artificial flowers; the results left reviewers to debate the intentions of work that sometimes convincingly riffed on art-historical abstraction and other times consciously pushed the limits of such precedents. Christopher Knight described this work as "big, jarring field-painting" in which plastic flowers emerged from "the synthetic clash between loosely painted plaids and oozing puddles of toxic-looking color." Recent exhibitions and installations
<mask>'s later art has focused on immersive mixed-media tableaux and installations in solo exhibitions at Rosamund Felsen (2011–6) and Meliketsian Briggs (2017–9) that critics described as "phantasmagorical," "carnivalesque" and "burlesque-like."His 2011 show combined black-and-white, patterned figurative sculpture, pulsating geometric canvases, small figurative paintings (some placed unexpectedly in the center of the geometric works), and tiny trains running across the floor; KCRW's Edward Goldman likened the experience to stepping onto a crowded stage of "eye-popping props" with "fascinating chaos" unraveling behind the curtain. In the show "Balcony" (2013), <mask> brought vintage marionettes and masks into his mix in ten theatrical installations that included sculpture, figurative and diverse abstract paintings, sound and motion. Its centerpiece was Engine Room, a sprawling assemblage of roughly twenty Day-Glo colored paintings stacked and leaning against the wall with flat-black, furniture-like props suggesting Louise Nevelson or Tony Smith sculptures in the foreground. In a review, Christopher Knight wrote, "The cacophony of opposing artistic styles, from Expressionist vitality to Constructivist logic and Dada subversion, gives <mask>’s revelry its punch. Part savvy satire, part innocent playroom, his tableaux perform an irreverent burlesque." <mask>'s exhibition "Never Again Sharpen Your Teeth On the Rope That Holds You So Safely to Shore" (2016) combined carnival and nautical motifs, contrasting a sense of adventure and whimsy with themes of melancholy, decadence, alienation and militarism. He offered the former with Wow!Wow! Wow! Wow! Wow! Wow! Unbelievable! (2015–6), a glass vitrine with a childlike orange sailboat perched on rough-cut black and white waves and beckoned by two incongruous globular pink breasts.In paintings and oil-and-ink transfer works, however, the whimsical (including strands of nautical lights and calliope music) gave way to darker erotic or ominous subjects: masked and obscured figures rendered with graphic, Picasso-like cubist angles and lurid colors, which recalled the work of German expressionists Max Beckmann and Otto Dix (e.g., the moody, blue-dominated Is the Moon Bright Enough?, which features three abject, naked figures in a small dinghy). In subsequent work, <mask> extended his socio-political references to explore race, financial inequality and oppression. Christopher Knight described the centerpiece of his 2017 show, If Jesus Gives Us Everything We Want, We’ll Love Him, as a "sad, sinister, pitch-perfect lament for our troubled time" that "puts white nationalism and its perversion of authentic Christian values on sordid display." It featured a dilapidated 1951 Electric Shopper motorized scooter that towed an assemblage model battleship and was capped with an electric megaphone blaring a slowed-down fire-and-brimstone sermon; driven by a white-robed Klansman and a blond passenger, the piece was likened to Edward Kienholz sculptures, Philip Guston paintings, and Thomas Nast editorial cartoons. <mask> paired it with large, brushy paintings emblematic of 1950s Greenbergian abstraction in the show. His three-part exhibition, "Our Little Chapel by the Lake: The Transformation of Jesus Christ" (2019), featured abstract and figurative paintings, a kinetic sculpture, and a record release and performance exploring characteristic nautical, carnivalesque and political themes. Collaborative projects
In addition to curating exhibitions, <mask> has undertaken large-scale, relay-style collaborative projects involving the production and exchange of text, images and music among artists from different disciplines, beginning in graduate school.In his first, Blind Date (1997), he invited 31 visual artists to each create an artwork, then randomly assigned those works to writers to each produce a piece of writing in response. I’m Still In Love With You (1998–9) featured 46 visual artists and 29 writers responding to the 1972, same-titled album by soul musician Al Green. For Song Poems (2000–01), <mask> commissioned poems from 40 writers (among them, Rick Moody, Darcey Steinke and Lynne Tillman), which he turned over to musicians to use as lyrics for original songs that were given to artists, who created videos and album covers for them. The project yielded a 3-CD catalogue of 43 lyrics and songs, album art and posters, as well as performances and exhibitions at Cohan Leslie and Browne (New York), Angstrom Gallery and Rosamund Felsen; critic Martha Schwendener wrote that "the results have a quirkiness that functions marvelously in a gallery," pushing boundaries by bringing music into the art world and showing "the crucial role of art and design in marketing music." Nothing Moments Press
In 2005, Hull established Nothing Moments Press as an outlet to produce and publish collaborative projects. Its first major project was AB OVO (2005), for which Hull solicited 19 artists (among them, Mike Kelley, Martha Rosler and Bruce Yonemoto) to take the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2TM, a personality test used in the U.S. legal system to identify and evaluate psychological disorders. Each test, customized for child custody cases, produced a personality profile, which <mask> anonymously and randomly assigned to writers to base a children’s story on; the stories were then given to figurative artists, who developed illustrations for the stories.Artforum critic Glen Helfand called the resulting exhibition and catalogue "high-concept, multiple-phase curating at its best … a memorable Freudian brew of nightmares and curdled milk." In 2008, the press came out with "Nothing Moments Projects": 24 limited edition books and over 400 original drawings by nearly one hundred artists, writers and designers, which were produced by <mask>, Tami Demaree, Annie Buckley and Jon Sueda. They began by requesting submissions of original novels, novellas and short stories. After narrowing to 24 works (by writers such as Aimee Bender, Ben Ehrenreich, Rachel Kushner, and Tom McCarthy), they turned them over to artists (e.g., Derek Boshier, Andrea Bowers, Glenn Ligon) for illustrations, and then to designers (e.g., Gail Swanlund) to create the finished books. The project was featured in exhibitions in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Dallas and Chicago. Additional public collaborations
In 2009, <mask> and Amy Thoner co-founded Las Cienegas Projects, an artist-run curatorial project and gallery space in Los Angeles, which presented over sixty collaborative and project-based artworks by local and international emerging and established artists. Its projects from 2009 to 2011 are documented in a catalog, Las Cienegas Projects: Time Runs Out (2015).In 2014, <mask> was invited to develop the visual environment for the second Festival Supreme, a music and comedy event in Los Angeles organized by Tenacious D (Jack Black and Kyle Gass). He produced an enormous art theme park called Circus of Death, which featured two prop-festooned trains, a haunted church/bouncy house by Jim Shaw, monster costumes by Marnie Weber, puppets and figurative sculptures with sound, videos, and performances by himself and others. <mask> organized a multimedia environment for "Glow," a one-night interactive art festival in Santa Monica in 2013; it featured a puppet show, sculpture by <mask> and Demaree, and sounds by Gibby Haynes and music by Petra Haden, Tanya Haden and Anna Huff, which were captured on the album A Puppet Show. In 2017, he participated in the "Murals of La Jolla" public art project with Man, Myths and Magic, a vibrant, billboard-sized reproduction of a five-by-seven-inch drawing of his, which combined abstract, referential and fantastical qualities in its depiction of a humanoid figures emerging from a surreal landscape. References

External links
Nothing Moments Press, collaborative project-based publisher
<mask>, artist page, Meilisetian Briggs
<mask> Felsen Gallery

21st-century artists
American artists
Artists from Los Angeles
American abstract artists
California Institute of the Arts alumni
1967 births
Living people

masks:
Steven Hull
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<mask> (January 16, 1820 – October 4, 1876) was a German missionary, linguist, and explorer credited with feats including being the first European, along with his colleague Johann Ludwig Krapf, to enter Africa from the Indian Ocean coast. In addition, he was the first European to find Kilimanjaro. News of <mask>'s discovery was published in the Church Missionary Intelligencer in May 1849, but disregarded as mere fantasy for the next twelve years. The Geographical Society of London held that snow could not possibly occur let alone persist in such latitudes and considered the report to be the hallucination of a malaria-stricken missionary. It was only in 1861 that researchers began their efforts to measure Kilimanjaro. Expeditions to Tanzania between 1861 and 1865, led by the German Baron Karl Klaus von der Decken, confirmed <mask>’s report. Together with his colleague Johann Ludwig Krapf they were also the first Europeans to visit and report Mount Kenya.Their work there is also thought to have had effects on future African expeditions by Europeans, including the exploits of Sir Richard Burton, John Hanning Speke, and David Livingstone. After losing most of his eyesight and entering into a brief marriage, he died of pneumonia. Early life
<mask> was born to a Swabian farmer and winegrower on January 16, 1820 in Gerlingen, Württemberg. The village he lived in was very small, with about 1,500 inhabitants. Even at an early age, he aspired to be a "preacher and canvasser of the gospel". Later, when <mask> became a young man, he chose to devote himself to being a missionary, and was trained in Basel. In 1844 he attended the Church Missionary Society College, Islington.The following year he was ordained as a priest by the Bishop of London and he became a member of the Church Missionary Society. Together with fellow missionary Johann Ludwig Krapf, <mask> traveled in 1846 by a ship called "Arrow" to East Africa, where he worked in what is now Kenya, as well as at various other locations. Their work was hard, and they had much trouble convincing tribal chiefs to let them speak to the people. Krapf noted (what he called) the "surge of Islam" that was going through Africa, and wanted to make some sort of Christian standing against its religious influence on the people of the continent. As the radius of the two missionaries' work expanded, plans for Christian missionary outposts in the area began to develop. During his time in Africa, <mask> kept a diary from 1848 until the end of his life. In the diary, <mask> writes of the way his trust in his Christianity kept him stable in the continent of Africa, where only very few Europeans had ventured before him.An extract from the diary, which Rebmann in turn took from the Bible (Psalm: 51, 12) reflects <mask>'s belief in his faith: "Restore to me joy of your salvation and grant me a willing spirit, to sustain me." Stumbling upon Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya

In 1848, <mask> was the first European to see Mount Kilimanjaro. The following year, he saw Mount Kenya together with his colleague Krapf. On the October 16, 1847, the two men set out for the interior of Kenya. With them came eight tribesmen and a local caravan leader named Bwana Kheri. This expedition was designed with the goal of establishing some of the first mission posts in the region. The journey was successful, and the group of tribesmen and the missionaries returned to Mombasa on October 27.Sometime during their journey or their stay in the region, <mask> and Krapf learned of a great mountain referred to as 'Kilimansharo', which reached the clouds and which was 'capped in silver'. The two men, like most Europeans at the time, were under the impression that snow and ice could not exist so close to the equator, and failed to realize the significance of the mountain being 'topped with silver'. However, the two missionaries, who had become just as much explorers as they were missionaries, became quite interested in Kilimanjaro, and Krapf sought permission of the Mombasa governor for an expedition to the land of the Jagga, a people now known as the Chaga, who lived and live on the actual slopes of Kilimanjaro. Krapf told the governor that this journey would be work-based. Despite this, Krapf actually did not accompany Rebmann on the journey, so only Bwana Kheri and Rebmann left for Kilimanjaro on April 27, 1848. Within two weeks, <mask> and his guide were within sight of the mountain. He noted in his journal the strange white on the summit of Kilimanjaro, and he questioned his guide on what he thought it was.According to <mask>'s log, the guide 'did not know what it was, but supposed it was coldness'. It was then that Rebmann realised that Kilimanjaro was in fact capped in snow. In 1849, these observations were published, but the findings were not truly accepted by most of the scientific community at the time and even deemed as the result of hallucinations induced by malaria. On November 10, 1848, <mask> recorded an entry in his log about the mountain:

Mount Kenya was discovered by Krapf in the next year, on December 3, 1849. The finding of this mountain was also met with disbelief in Europe, but the effect of these discoveries was enough to trigger further investigation into other areas of Africa, thereby stimulating a growth of scientific (among other fields) knowledge of the regions, people, history, and geography of the African continent. Other work in Africa
<mask> stayed in Africa for almost thirty consecutive years. He kept to a policy that, in order to truly affect the African people, and to complete his task as a missionary, much patience was needed.It appears that this policy was the driving force behind his many years of work on the continent. As well as visiting Kilimanjaro, Rebmann and Krapf visited other areas of Africa, including the African Great Lakes and Mount Meru. He married to a fellow missionary, Anna Maria, née Maisch, with whom he spent fifteen years doing missionary work in Africa before her death in 1866, and with whom he had a child (who died only days after his birth). Also during his time in Africa, after his expeditions to Kilimanjaro and around the Great lakes, he learned to speak several native languages, and completed a dictionary (started by his colleague Ludwig Krapf) of the Nika (Mijikenda) language,<ref>J.L. Krapf, J. Rebmann [https://archive.org/details/anikaenglishdic00rebmgoog A Nika-English Dictionary], 1877.</ref> and a dictionary of Swahili (now lost, but of which some material may have been incorporated into Krapf's Dictionary of the Suaheli Language (1882)). He also translated the Gospel of Luke into Swahili. In addition, after meeting a Swahili-speaking slave known as Salimini, originally from Malawi, in 1853, he compiled the first ever Chichewa language dictionary, which was eventually published in 1877.Slug map

During their time in Africa, Krapf and Rebmann worked their way into the interior of the continent. They traveled to several areas in the regions of Central and Eastern Africa, including to what is now known as the African Great Lakes. The finding of one especially large lake (Uniamési) is depicted in a map known as the 'Slug' map. It was known by this name because the layout of the water body suggested a shape similar to that of a slug. The basis for the map was prepared by the missionary Jakob Erhardt from the reports of his companions Krapf and Rebmann, and from verbal information that he had acquired from local people. Erhardt was struck by the fact that travelers who had gone inland from different points on the coast had all come to an inland sea. In November 1854, while talking about the problem to Rebmann, "at one and the same moment, the problem flashed on both of us solved by the simple supposition that where geographical hypothesis had hitherto supposed an enormous mountain-land, we must now look for an enormous valley and an inland sea."On the map that he and Rebmann drew, the three lakes of Victoria, Tanganyika and Nyasa are shown as one very large L-shaped lake. On the map, several subtle but interesting things can be discovered, including, in the northeast section of the cartograph, a reference to a stream flowing into Lake Victoria, then known by the missionaries as "the Ukerewa". A note describes how the waters of the stream were very sweet, but stained the teeth a sickly yellow. This note is probably the first known text referring to the drinking water, found primarily around Mount Meru, which has a high content of fluorine and causes a yellow-brown stain to the incisors which cannot be removed. Another piece of writing on the Slug Map – "From where the Magad [soda] is bought" – provides evidence that the trade in soda originating in Lake Natron (obviously not known by that name then) was already active at that time. In 1855 Erhardt was repatriated due to poor health, and took his map with him. It was first published in the Calwer Missionsblatt in 1855, and then in the Church Missionary intelligencer in 1856.The map is now in the care of the Royal Geographical Society in London. It is described by the Society as:

Later life and death
Having almost lost his eyesight for unknown reasons, <mask> went back to Europe in September 1875. He returned to Germany for the first time in 29 years after being persuaded to do so by a fellow missionary who was working in the area. He then proceeded to take up residence in Korntal near Stuttgart, where he was close to his old friend Krapf. In spring 1876, upon the advice of Krapf, he married  the widow of another missionary from India, <mask> née Däuble. The marriage did not last long, as on October 4, 1876, <mask> died of pneumonia. Engraved on <mask>'s tombstone in the cemetery of Korntal are the words (in English) "Saved in the arms of Jesus" (a photo can be seen here).The legacy that he left behind him is preserved by the Johannes Rebmann Foundation, a religious society devoted to Rebmann and his memory. <mask>'s work in Africa, both as a missionary and as an explorer, allowed other Europeans to follow in his footsteps. See also
Tanzania
Rebmann Glacier - Glacier named after Rebmann

References

Sources

Goodson, Andrew (2011, revised 2015). Salimini's Chichewa in Paas, Steven (2011). <mask>: A Servant of God in Africa before the Rise of Western Colonialism, pp. 239–50. (An examination of the Chichewa in Rebmann's Dictionary of the Kiniassa Language)

 - publication of an unpublished document from 1853.Krapf, Johann Ludwig & <mask> (ed. Thomas Henry Sparshott) (1887). A Nika-English Dictionary
Rebman, John (= <mask>) (1877). A Dictionary of the Kiniassa Language. Church Missionary Society (reprinted Gregg, 1968). Paas, Steven (2011). <mask>: A Servant of God in Africa Before the Rise of Western Colonialism'', 276 pages, Nűrnberg: Verlag fűr Theologie und Wissenschaft.External links

The Johannes Rebmann Foundation website
Biography - operational area - Information and a map of Rebmann's area of Missionary operation in Africa

German Anglican missionaries
1820 births
1876 deaths
Anglican missionaries in Kenya
Anglican missionaries in Tanzania
Deaths from pneumonia in Germany
Linguists of Chewa
German explorers of Africa
Missionary linguists

masks:
Johannes Rebmann
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<mask> (born 29 December 1946) is an English singer, songwriter and actress. She achieved popularity in the 1960s with the release of her hit single "As Tears Go By" and became one of the lead female artists during the British Invasion in the United States. Born in Hampstead, London, Faithfull began her career in 1964 after attending a Rolling Stones party, where she was discovered by Andrew Loog Oldham. Her debut album Marianne Faithfull (1965) (released simultaneously with her album Come My Way) was a commercial success followed by a number of albums on Decca Records. From 1966 to 1970, she had a highly publicised romantic relationship with Mick Jagger. Her popularity was further enhanced by her film roles, such as those in I'll Never Forget What's'isname (1967), The Girl on a Motorcycle (1968), and Hamlet (1969). However, her popularity was overshadowed by personal problems in the 1970s.During that time she was anorexic, homeless, and a heroin addict. Noted for her distinctive voice, Faithfull's previously melodic and higher-registered vocals (which were prevalent throughout her career in the 1960s) were affected by severe laryngitis, coupled with persistent drug abuse during the 1970s, permanently altering her voice, leaving it raspy, cracked and lower in pitch. This new sound was praised as "whisky soaked" by some critics and seen as having helped to capture the raw emotions expressed in Faithfull's music. After a long commercial absence, Faithfull made a comeback with the 1979 release of her critically acclaimed album Broken English. The album was a commercial success and marked a resurgence of her musical career. Broken English earned Faithfull a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance and is often regarded as her "definitive recording". She followed this with a series of albums, including Dangerous Acquaintances (1981), A Child's Adventure (1983), and Strange Weather (1987).Faithfull also wrote three books about her life: Faithfull: An Autobiography (1994), Memories, Dreams & Reflections (2007), and <mask>: A Life on Record (2014). Faithfull is listed on VH1's "100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll" list. She received the World Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2009 Women's World Awards and was made a Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the government of France. Early life and links to nobility
Faithfull was born in Hampstead, London. Her half-brother is artist <mask>. Her father, Major Robert Glynn <mask>, was a British intelligence officer and professor of Italian Literature at Bedford College of London University. Robert Glynn <mask>'s family lived in Ormskirk, Lancashire, while he completed a doctorate at Liverpool University.Faithfull's mother, Eva, was the daughter of an Austro-Hungarian nobleman, Artur Wolfgang, Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (1875–1953). Eva chose to style herself as Eva von Sacher-Masoch, Baroness Erisso. Eva had been a ballerina for the Max Reinhardt Company during her early years, and danced in productions of works by the German theatrical duo Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. Faithfull's mother had been born in Budapest and moved to Vienna in 1918. The family of Sacher-Masoch had secretly opposed the Nazi regime in Vienna. Faithfull's father's intelligence work for the British Army brought him into contact with the family, and he thus met Eva, his future wife. Faithfull's maternal grandfather had aristocratic roots in the Habsburg Dynasty, while Faithfull's maternal grandmother was Jewish.Faithfull's maternal great-great-uncle was Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, whose erotic novel, Venus in Furs, spawned the word "masochism." In regard to her roots in the Austrian nobility, Faithfull discovered on the British television series Who Do You Think You Are? that the title used by family members was Ritter von Sacher-Masoch, the corresponding English title being that of Baroness, an inherited knighthood. She spent some of her early life at the commune at Braziers Park, Oxfordshire, formed by John Norman Glaister, where her father, who was also instrumental in its foundation, lived and participated. Her parents divorced when she was six years old, after which she moved with her mother to Milman Road in Reading. Her primary school was in Brixton. Living in reduced circumstances, Faithfull's girlhood was marred by bouts of tuberculosis.She was a charitably subsidised (bursaried) pupil at St Joseph's Roman Catholic Convent School, Reading, where she was, for a time, a weekly boarder. While at St Joseph's, she was a member of the Progress Theatre's student group. Singing career

1960s

Faithfull began her singing career in 1964, landing her first gigs as a folk music performer in coffeehouses. She soon began taking part in London's exploding social scene. In early 1964 she attended a Rolling Stones launch party with artist John Dunbar and met Andrew Loog Oldham, who discovered her. Her first major release, "As Tears Go By", was written and composed by Jagger, Keith Richards, and Oldham, and became a chart success. (The Rolling Stones recorded their own version one year later, which also became successful.)She then released a series of successful singles, including "This Little Bird", "Summer Nights", and "Come and Stay With Me". Faithfull married John Dunbar on 6 May 1965 in Cambridge with Peter Asher as the best man. The couple lived in a flat at 29 Lennox Gardens in Belgravia just off Knightsbridge, London SW1. On 10 November 1965, she gave birth to their son, Nicholas. She left her husband shortly after to live with Mick Jagger. In 1966 she took Nicholas to stay with Brian Jones and Anita Pallenberg in London. During that time period, Faithfull started smoking marijuana and became best friends with Pallenberg.She also began a much-publicised relationship with Mick Jagger that same year. The couple became notorious and largely part of the hip Swinging London scene. She is heard on The Beatles' song "Yellow Submarine". She was found wearing only a fur rug by police executing a drug search at Keith Richards's house in West Wittering, Sussex. In an interview 27 years later with A.M. Homes for Details, Faithfull discussed her wilder days and admitted that the drug bust fur rug incident had ravaged her personal life: "It destroyed me. To be a male drug addict and to act like that is always enhancing and glamorising. A woman in that situation becomes a slut and a bad mother."In 1968, Faithfull, by now addicted to cocaine, miscarried a daughter (whom she had named Corrina) while retreating to Jagger's country house in Ireland. Faithfull's involvement in Jagger's life would be reflected in some of the Rolling Stones's best known songs. "Sympathy for the Devil", featured on the 1968 album Beggars Banquet, was partially inspired by The Master and Margarita, written by Mikhail Bulgakov, a book which Faithfull introduced to Jagger. The song "You Can't Always Get What You Want," on the 1969 album Let It Bleed, was supposedly written and composed about Faithfull; the songs "Wild Horses" and "I Got the Blues" on the 1971 album Sticky Fingers were also allegedly influenced by Faithfull, and she co-wrote "Sister Morphine" (the writing credit for the song was the subject of a protracted legal battle that was ultimately resolved with Faithfull listed as co-author). In her autobiography, Faithfull said Jagger and Richards released it in their own names so that her agent did not collect all the royalties and proceeds from the song, especially as she was homeless and battling with heroin addiction at the time. In 1968, Faithfull appeared in The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus concert, giving a solo performance of "Something Better". 1970s
Faithfull ended her relationship with Jagger in May 1970, after initiating an affair with Lord Rossmore and she lost custody of her son in that same year, which led to her attempting suicide.Faithfull's personal life went into decline, and her career went into a tailspin. She made only a few appearances, including an October 1973 performance for NBC with David Bowie, singing Sonny & Cher's "I Got You Babe". Faithfull lived on London's Soho streets for two years, suffering from heroin addiction and anorexia nervosa. Friends intervened and enrolled her in an NHS heroin-assisted treatment programme. She failed at controlling or stabilising her addiction at that time. In 1971, producer Mike Leander found her on the streets and made an attempt to revive her career, producing part of her album Rich Kid Blues. The album was shelved until 1985.Severe laryngitis, coupled with persistent drug abuse during this period, permanently altered Faithfull's voice, leaving it cracked and lower in pitch. While the new sound was praised as "whisky soaked" by some critics, journalist John Jones, of the Sunday Times, wrote that she had "permanently vulgarised her voice". In 1975 she released the country-influenced record Dreamin' My Dreams (a.k.a. Faithless), which reached No.1 on the Irish Albums Chart. Faithfull moved into a squat without hot water or electricity in Chelsea with then-boyfriend Ben Brierly, of the punk band the Vibrators. She later shared flats in Chelsea and Regent's Park with Henrietta Moraes. In 1979, the same year she was arrested for marijuana possession in Norway, Faithfull's career returned full force with the album Broken English, one of her most critically hailed albums.Partially influenced by the punk explosion and her marriage to Brierly in the same year, it ranged from the punk-pop sounds of the title track, which addressed terrorism in Europe (being dedicated to Ulrike Meinhof), to the punk-reggae rhythms of "Why D'Ya Do It? ", a song with aggressive lyrics adapted from a poem by Heathcote Williams. The musical structure of this song is complex: though on the surface hard rock, it is a tango in 4/4 time, with an opening electric guitar riff by Barry Reynolds in which beats 1 and 4 of each measure are accented on the up-beat, and beat 3 is accented on the down beat. Faithfull, in her autobiography, commented that her fluid yet rhythmic reading of Williams' lyric was "an early form of rap". Broken English was also the album which revealed the full extent of Faithfull's drinking and drug use and its effect on her singing voice, with the melodic vocals on her early records being replaced by a raucous, deep voice which helped capture the raw emotions expressed in the album's songs. 1980s
Faithfull began living in New York after the release of the follow-up to Broken English, Dangerous Acquaintances, in 1981. The same year, she appeared as a vocalist on the single "Misplaced Love" by Rupert Hine, which charted in Australia.Despite her comeback, she was still battling with addiction in the mid-1980s, at one point breaking her jaw tripping on a flight of stairs while under the influence. In another incident her heart stopped. A disastrous appearance on Saturday Night Live was blamed on too many rehearsals, but it was suspected that drugs had caused her vocal cords to seize up. Rich Kid Blues (1985) was another collection of her early work combined with new recordings, a double record showcasing both the pop and rock 'n' roll facets of her output to date. In 1985, Faithfull performed "Ballad of the Soldier's Wife" on Hal Willner's tribute album Lost in the Stars: The Music of Kurt Weill. Faithfull's restrained readings lent themselves to the material, and this collaboration informed several subsequent works. In 1985, she was at the Hazelden Foundation Clinic in Minnesota for rehabilitation.She then received treatment at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. While living at a hotel in nearby Cambridge, Faithfull started an affair (while still married to Brierly) with a dual diagnosis (mentally ill and drug dependent) man, Howard Tose, who later committed suicide by jumping from a 14th floor window of the flat they shared. In 1987, Faithfull dedicated a "thank you" to Tose within the album package of Strange Weather, on the back sleeve: "To Howard Tose with love and thanks". Faithfull's divorce from Brierly was also finalised that year. In 1995, she wrote and sang about Tose's death in "Flaming September" from the album A Secret Life. In 1987, Faithfull again reinvented herself, this time

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 as a jazz and blues singer, on Strange Weather, also produced by Willner. The album became her most critically lauded album of the decade.Coming full circle, the renewed Faithfull cut another recording of "As Tears Go By" for Strange Weather, this time in a tighter, more gravelly voice. The singer confessed to a lingering irritation with her first hit. "I always childishly thought that was where my problems started, with that damn song," she told Jay Cocks in Time magazine, but she came to terms with it as well as with her past. In a 1987 interview with Rory O'Connor of Vogue, Faithfull declared, "forty is the age to sing it, not seventeen." The album of covers was produced by Hal Willner after the two had spent numerous weekends listening to hundreds of songs from the annals of 20th-century music. They chose to record such diverse tracks as Bob Dylan's "I'll Keep It with Mine" and "Yesterdays", written by Broadway composers Jerome Kern and Otto Harbach. The work also includes tunes first made notable by such blues luminaries as Billie Holiday and Bessie Smith; Tom Waits wrote the title track.In 1988, Faithfull married writer and actor Giorgio Della Terza, but they divorced in 1991. 1990s
When Roger Waters assembled an all-star cast of musicians to perform the rock opera The Wall live in Berlin in July 1990, Faithfull played the part of Pink's overprotective mother. Her musical career rebounded for the third time during the early 1990s with the live album Blazing Away, which featured Faithfull revisiting songs she had performed over the course of her career. Blazing Away was recorded at St. Ann's Cathedral in Brooklyn. The 13 selections include "Sister Morphine", a cover of Edith Piaf's "Les Prisons du Roy", and "Why D'Ya Do It?" from Broken English. Alanna Nash of Stereo Review commended the musicians whom Faithfull had chosen to back her—longtime guitarist Reynolds was joined by former Band member Garth Hudson and pianist Dr. John.Nash was also impressed with the album's autobiographical tone, noting "Faithfull's gritty alto is a cracked and halting rasp, the voice of a woman who's been to hell and back on the excursion fare which, of course, she has." The reviewer extolled Faithfull as "one of the most challenging and artful of women artists," and Rolling Stone writer Fred Goodman asserted: "Blazing Away is a fine retrospective – proof that we can still expect great things from this greying, jaded contessa." A Collection of Her Best Recordings was released in 1994 by Island Records to coincide with the release of the Faithfull autobiography; the two products originally shared the same cover art. It contained Faithfull's updated version of "As Tears Go By" from Strange Weather, several cuts from Broken English and A Child's Adventure and a song written by Patti Smith scheduled for inclusion on an Irish AIDS benefit album. This track, "Ghost Dance", suggested to Faithfull by a friend who later died of AIDS, was made with a trio of old friends: Stones' drummer Charlie Watts and guitarist Ron Wood backed Faithfull's vocals on the song, while Keith Richards coproduced it. The retrospective album also featured one live track, "Times Square", from Blazing Away as well as a new Faithfull original, "She", penned with composer and arranger Angelo Badalamenti to be released the following year on A Secret Life, with additional songs co written with Badalamenti. Faithfull also sang "Love is Teasin," an Irish folk standard, with The Chieftains on their album The Long Black Veil, released in 1995.Faithfull sang a duet and recited text on the San Francisco band Oxbow's 1997 album Serenade in Red. Faithfull also sang interlude vocals on Metallica's song "The Memory Remains" from their 1997 album Reload and appeared in the song's music video; the track reached No. 28 in the U.S. (No.3 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart) and No.13 in the UK. As her fascination with the music of Weimar-era Germany continued, Faithfull performed in The Threepenny Opera at the Gate Theatre, Dublin, playing Pirate Jenny. Her interpretation of the music led to a new album, Twentieth Century Blues (1996), which focused on the music of Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht as well as Noël Coward, followed in 1998 by a recording of The Seven Deadly Sins, with the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Dennis Russell Davies. A hugely successful concert and cabaret tour accompanied by Paul Trueblood at the piano, culminated in the filming, at the Montreal Jazz Festival, of the DVD <mask> Sings Kurt Weill.In 1998, Faithfull released A Perfect Stranger: The Island Anthology, a two-disc compilation that chronicled her years with Island Records. It featured tracks from her albums Broken English, Dangerous Acquaintances, A Child's Adventure, Strange Weather, Blazing Away, and A Secret Life, as well as several B sides and unreleased tracks. Faithfull's 1999 DVD Dreaming My Dreams contained material about her childhood and parents, with historical video footage going back to 1964 and interviews with the artist and several friends who have known her since childhood. The documentary included sections on her relationship with John Dunbar and Mick Jagger, and brief interviews with Keith Richards. It concluded with footage from a 30-minute live concert, originally broadcast on PBS for the series Sessions at West 54th. That same year, she ranked 25th in VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Rock and Roll. Roger Waters (Pink Floyd) wrote the song "Incarceration of a Flower Child" portraying Syd Barrett in 1968; it was never recorded by Pink Floyd.The song was eventually recorded by Faithfull on her 1999 album Vagabond Ways. 2000s

Faithfull released several albums in the 2000s that received positive critical response, beginning with Vagabond Ways (1999), which was produced and recorded by Mark Howard. It included collaborations with Daniel Lanois, Emmylou Harris, Pink Floyd's Roger Waters, and writer (and friend) Frank McGuinness. Later that year she sang "Love Got Lost" on Joe Jackson's Night and Day II. Her renaissance continued with Kissin Time, released in 2002. The album contained songs written with Blur, Beck, Billy Corgan, Jarvis Cocker, Dave Stewart, David Courts and the French pop singer Étienne Daho. On this record, she paid tribute to Nico (with "Song for Nico"), whose work she admired.The album also included an autobiographical song she co-wrote with Cocker, called "Sliding Through Life on Charm". In 2005, she released Before the Poison. The album was primarily a collaboration with PJ Harvey and Nick Cave, though Damon Albarn and Jon Brion also contributed. Before the Poison received mixed reviews from both Rolling Stone and Village Voice. In 2005 she recorded (and co-produced) "Lola R Forever", a cover of the Serge Gainsbourg song "Lola Rastaquouere" with Sly & Robbie for the tribute album Monsieur Gainsbourg Revisited. In 2007, Faithfull collaborated with the British singer-songwriter, Patrick Wolf on the duet "Magpie" from his third album The Magic Position and wrote and recorded a new song for the French film Truands called "A Lean and Hungry Look" with Ulysse. In March 2007 she returned to the stage with a touring show entitled Songs of Innocence and Experience.Supported by a trio, the performance had a semi-acoustic feel and toured European theatres throughout the spring and summer. The show featured many songs she had not performed live before including "Something Better", the song she sang on The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus. The show also included the Harry Nilsson song "Don't Forget Me", "Marathon Kiss" from Vagabond Ways and a version of the traditional "Spike Driver Blues". Articles published at that time hinted Faithfull was looking to retirement and was hoping that money from Songs of the Innocence and Experience would enable her to live in comfort. She said: "I'm not prepared to be 70 and absolutely broke. I realised last year that I have no safety net at all and I'm going to have to get one. So I need to change my attitude to life, which means I have to put away 10 per cent every year of my old age.I want to be in a position where I don't have to work. I should have thought about this a long time ago but I didn't." However, she still lived in her flat in Paris
(located in one of the most expensive streets of the capital) and had a house in County Waterford, Ireland. Recording of Easy Come, Easy Go commenced in New York City on 6 December 2007; the album was produced by Hal Willner who had previously recorded Strange Weather in 1997. A version of Morrissey's "Dear God Please Help Me" from his 2006 album, Ringleader of the Tormentors is one of the songs featured. In March 2009, she performed "The Crane Wife 3" on The Late Show. In late March, she began the Easy Come, Easy Go tour, which took her to France, Germany, Austria, New York City, Los Angeles and London.On 16 April 2009, while preparing to board a British Airways flight at London's Gatwick Airport bound for a concert appearance in Bologna, François Ravard, accompanying Faithfull, was detained and then later arrested. In a statement, British Airways said: "A male customer became aggressive and abusive at check-in when he was refused travel on a flight from Gatwick to Bologna. He appeared to be intoxicated on arrival at check-in. In such circumstances, an assessment is made as to whether the passenger is fit to travel. When he was refused travel, he became physically and verbally abusive. Police were called and he was arrested. Such behaviour will not be tolerated."Faithfull, however, had not been drinking and was allowed to board. The pair was flying to Italy on a leg of her world tour promoting Easy Come, Easy Go. According to her spokesperson, "<mask> was at Gatwick airport but was not involved in any way in the situation that occurred and she managed to travel on to Bologna as planned. Her gig tonight there will go ahead as planned, and Francois travelled from Britain to join her yesterday. <mask> hadn't been drinking at the time of the incident and she does not drink alcohol. She is enjoying life and loving it as she is sober and clean." On 3 May 2009, she was featured on CBS News Sunday Morning and interviewed by Anthony Mason in the "Sunday Profile" segment.Both in-studio and on-the-street (New York City) interview segments with Faithfull and Mason were interspersed with extensive biographical and musical footage. In November, Faithfull was interviewed by Jennifer Davies on World Radio Switzerland, where she described the challenges of being stereotyped as a "mother, or the pure wife". Because of this, she insisted, it has been hard to maintain a long career as a female artist, which, she said, gave her empathy for Amy Winehouse when they met recently. In 2010, she was honoured with the Icon of the Year award from Q magazine. 2010s
On 31 January 2011, Faithfull released her 18th studio album Horses and High Heels in mainland Europe with mixed reviews. The 13 track album contains four songs co-written by Faithfull; the rest are covers of mainly well known songs such as Dusty Springfield's "Goin' Back" and the Shangri-Las' "Past, Present, Future". A UK CD release was planned for 7 March 2011.Faithfull supported the album's release with an extensive European tour with a five-piece band, arriving in the UK on 24 May for a rare show at London's Barbican Centre, with an extra UK show at Leamington Spa on 26 May. On 7 May 2011, she appeared on BBC Radio 2's Graham Norton Show. She reunited with Metallica in December 2011 for their 30th anniversary celebration at the Fillmore where she performed "The Memory Remains". In 2012, Faithfull recorded a cover version of a Stevie Nicks track from the Fleetwood Mac album Tusk as part of a Fleetwood Mac tribute project. The track "Angel" was released on 14 August 2012 as part of the tribute album Just Tell Me That You Want Me. On 22 June 2013, she made a sell-out concert appearance at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, with jazz musician Bill Frisell playing guitar, as a part of Meltdown Festival curated by Yoko Ono. In September 2014, Faithfull released an album of all-new material, titled Give My Love to London.She started a 12-month 50th anniversary tour at the end of 2014. During a webchat hosted by The

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Marianne
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 Guardian on 1 February 2016, Faithfull revealed plans to release a live album from her 50th anniversary tour. She also had ideas for a follow-up for Give My Love to London, but had no intention of recording new material for at least a year and a half. Faithfull's most recent album, Negative Capability, was released in November 2018. It featured Rob Ellis, Warren Ellis, Nick Cave, Ed Harcourt, and Mark Lanegan. 2020s
A spoken word album titled She Walks in Beauty was released in May 2021. She is accompanied with musical arrangements by Warren Ellis, Brian Eno, Nick Cave and Vincent Segal.The album sees her recite the 19th-century British Romantic poets. Achievements

In 1999, Faithfull ranked 25th on VH1's 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll. On 4 November 2007, the European Film Academy announced that Faithfull had received a nomination for Best Actress, for her role as Maggie in Irina Palm. At the 20th annual European Film Awards ceremony held in Berlin, on 1 December 2007, Faithfull lost to Helen Mirren. On 5 March 2009, Faithfull received the World Arts Award for Lifetime Achievement at the 2009 Women's World Awards. "<mask>'s contribution to the arts over a 45-year career including 18 studio albums as a singer, songwriter and interpreter, and numerous appearances on stage and screen is now being acknowledged with this special award." The award was presented in Vienna, with ceremonies televised in over 40 countries on 8 March 2009 as part of International Women's Day.On 23 March 2011, Faithfull was awarded the Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, one of France's highest cultural honours. Awards and Nominations
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Nominee(s)
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|
|-
!scope="row"|European Film Awards
| 2007
| Irina Palm
| Best Actress
|
|
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! scope="row"|Grammy Awards
| 1981
| Broken English
| Best Female Rock Vocal Performance
|
|
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! scope="row"|Q Awards
| 2009
| Herself
| Q Icon
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|Women's World Award
| 2009
| Herself
| Lifetime Achievement Award
|
|

Health
Faithfull's touring and work schedule has been repeatedly interrupted by health problems. In late 2004 she called off the European leg of a world tour, promoting Before The Poison after collapsing on stage in Milan, and was hospitalised for exhaustion. The tour resumed later and included a US leg in 2005. In September 2006, she again called off a concert tour, this time after she was diagnosed with breast cancer. The following month, she underwent surgery in France and no further treatment was necessary owing to the tumour having been caught at a very early stage.Less than two months after she declared having beaten the disease, Faithfull made her public statement of full recovery. In October 2007, Faithfull stated she suffered from hepatitis C on the UK television programme This Morning, and that she had first been diagnosed with the condition 12 years before. She discusses both the cancer and hepatitis diagnoses in further depth in her second memoir, Memories, Dreams and Reflections. On 27 May 2008, Faithfull released the following blog posting on her MySpace page, with the headline "Tour Dates Cancelled" and credited to FR Management – the company operated by her boyfriend/manager François Ravard: "Due to general mental, physical and nervous exhaustion doctors have ordered <mask>l to immediately cease all work activities and rehabilitate. The treatment and recovery should last around six months." In August 2013, Faithfull was forced to cancel a string of concerts in the US and Lebanon following a back injury while on holiday in California. On 30 May 2014, Faithfull suffered a broken hip after a fall while on holiday on the Greek island of Rhodes and underwent surgery.Afterwards, an infection developed at the site of the prosthesis, causing Faithfull to cancel or postpone parts of her 50th anniversary tour for additional surgery and rehabilitation. On 4 April 2020, it was announced that Faithfull was in hospital in London receiving treatment for pneumonia after having tested positive for COVID-19. Her management company reported that she was "stable and responding to treatment". On 21 April she was discharged following a three-week hospitalisation. In a brief statement, Faithfull publicly thanked the hospital staff who "without a doubt" saved her life. She initially thought that she would not be able to sing again after the effects of the coronavirus on her lungs and continued to suffer memory loss because of it. However, she has since been working on her breathing and undertaking singing practice as a part of her recovery.Discography

Filmography
 2005: Live in Hollywood (USA, 110 minutes) directed by Mark Lucas (this is the film of her concert in Spring 2005 at the Henry Fonda Theater in Los Angeles, California during the US leg of her 40th anniversary celebration tour, including the best songs from her (then) recent album Before The Poison (2005), songs such as John Lennon's "Working Class Hero" and Roger Waters's "Incarceration Of A Flower Child" and hits such as "The Ballad of Lucy Jordan", "Guilt", "As Tears Go by", "Broken English" and "Sister Morphine"; musicians: Lew Soloff, Fernando Saunders, Barry Reynolds, Courtney Williams; released by Eagle Rock Entertainment Ltd on 20 September 2005, the 2-disc (CD + DVD) set includes a 30-minute interview with <mask> as a bonus featured on the DVD; the set includes the main concert on both DVD and CD; DVD total timing: 2h23min. ; tracklisting: 1. Trouble In Mind, 2. Falling From Grace, 3. Mystery Of Love, 4. Ballad Of Lucy Jordan, 5. She, 6.No Child Of Mine, 7. Last Song, 8. Kissin' Time, 9. Times Square, 10. Working Class Hero, 11. Incarceration Of A Flower Child, 12. Strange Weather, 13.Guilt, 14. As Tears Go By, 15. Sister Morphine, 16. Crazy Love, 17. Broken English, 18. Why D'ya Do It)
 2016: <mask> – Fleur d'âme (France, 62 minutes) directed by Sandrine Bonnaire (this is a <mask> video portrait and interview by French actress Sandrine Bonnaire)

Acting career
In addition to her music career, Faithfull has had a career as an actress in theatre, television and film. Her first professional theatre appearance was in a 1967 stage adaptation of Chekhov's Three Sisters, at the Royal Court Theatre, London, in which she played Irina, co-starring with Glenda Jackson and Avril Elgar.The year before she had played herself in Jean-Luc Godard's film Made in U.S.A.. Faithfull featured in the 1967 film I'll Never Forget What's'isname, Orson Welles receiving top billing, opposite Oliver Reed, notably becoming the first actor to use "fuck" in the dialogue of a mainstream studio picture. In the French television film Anna, starring Anna Karina, Faithfull sang Serge Gainsbourg's "Hier ou Demain". 1968 found a fetishist portrayal, a black leather-clad motorcyclist in the French film La Motocyclette (English titles: The Girl on a Motorcycle and Naked Under Leather) opposite Alain Delon, and 1969 Kenneth Anger's Lucifer Rising, her role Lilith. In London 1969 at the Round House, Faithfull played Ophelia to Nicol Williamson's title role in Hamlet. The production was filmed, Hamlet, Tony Richardson director. Her stage work also included Edward Bond's Early Morning at the Royal Court Theatre, London, in which she played a lesbian Florence Nightingale, The Collector at St Martin's Theatre in the West End opposite Simon Williams, Mad Dog at Hampstead Theatre opposite Denholm Elliott, A Patriot for Me by John Osborne, at the Palace Theatre, Watford and the role of Lizzie Curry in N. Richard Nash's The Rainmaker, which toured the UK and in which Faithfull's co-star was Peter Gilmore. Other film roles in the 1970s included Sophy Kwykwer in Stephen Weeks's Ghost Story (AKA Madhouse Mansion), released on a newly mastered DVD in the UK in 2009, and Helen Rochefort in Assault on Agathon.Her television acting in the late 1960s and early 1970s included The Door of Opportunity (1970) with Ian Ogilvy, adapted from W. Somerset Maugham's story, followed by August Strindberg's The Stronger (1971) with Britt Ekland, and Terrible Jim Fitch (1971) by James Leo Herlihy, which once more paired Faithfull with Nicol Williamson. In 1991, she played the role of Pirate Jenny in The Threepenny Opera at the Gate Theatre in Dublin. Later she performed Kurt Weill's "The Seven Deadly Sins" with the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, a CD of which was released in 1998. She has played both God and the Devil. She appeared as God in two guest appearances in the British sitcom Absolutely Fabulous opposite friend Jennifer Saunders, with another close friend, Anita Pallenberg, playing the Devil. In 2004 and 2005, she played the Devil in William Burroughs' and Tom Waits' musical, The Black Rider, directed by Robert Wilson, which opened at London's Barbican Theatre, toured to San Francisco, but from which she was forced to withdraw prior to performances at the Sydney Festival, owing to exhaustion. In 2001 Faithfull appeared with Lucy Russell and Lambert Wilson in C.S.Leigh's Far From China. She has also appeared in Patrice Chéreau's Intimacy (2001) and, in 2004, in Jose Hayot's Nord-Plage. Faithfull appeared as Empress Maria Theresa in Sofia Coppola's 2006 biopic, Marie Antoinette. She starred in the film Irina Palm, released at the Berlinale film festival in 2007. Faithfull plays the central role of Maggie, a 60-year-old widow who becomes a sex worker to pay for medical treatment for her ill grandson. Faithfull lent her voice to the 2008 film Evil Calls: The Raven, although this was recorded several years earlier when the project was still titled Alone in the Dark. She has appeared in the 2008 feature documentary by Nik Sheehan on Brion Gysin and the dreamachine, entitled FLicKeR.In 2008, Faithfull toured readings of Shakespeare's sonnets, drawing on the "Dark Lady" sequence. Her accompanist was the cellist Vincent Ségal. In 2011 and 2012 Faithfull had supporting roles in the films Faces in the Crowd and Belle du Seigneur. Faithfull starred in a production of Kurt Weill's The Seven Deadly Sins at Landestheater Linz, Austria. The production ran from October 2012 to January 2013. On 18 September 2013, Faithfull was featured in the genealogy documentary series, Who Do You Think You Are?, tracing her family's roots, in particular her mother's side of the family in pre World War II Austria. TV and filmography

Stage work

Work as an author
 Faithfull: An Autobiography, <mask> (1994), Cooper Square Press
 Memories, Dreams & Reflections, <mask> (7 July 2008), Harper Perennial
 <mask>l: A Life on Record, edited by <mask> and Francois Ravard, Contribution by Will Self and Terry Southern, Introduction by Salman Rushdie (2014), Rizzoli

References

Further reading
 Stieven-Taylor, Alison (2007).Rock Chicks:The Hottest Female Rockers from the 1960s to Now. SYD. Rockpool Publishing. "As years go by." The Independent, 1 September 1996, p. 18. An interview with Faithfull in which she specifically denies the notorious Mars Bar incident. Epinions.com entry on <mask>l

External links

 <mask>l fansite
 Faithfull Forever – Inspired by <mask>l
 Innocence and Experience: <mask>l at Tate Gallery Liverpool

1946 births
Dark cabaret musicians
Decca Records artists
Deram Records artists
English autobiographers
English sopranos
English contraltos
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English film actresses
English people of Austrian descent
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Living people
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People educated at St Joseph's Convent School
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Marianne Faithful
Marianne Faithfull
Marianne Faithfull
Marianne Faithfull
Marianne Faithfull
Marianne Faithfull
Marianne Faithful
Marianne Faithfull
Marianne Faithful
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<mask> is a New York Times-bestselling author and historian specializing in the Holocaust, human rights in sport, and popular culture. He is also an award-winning filmmaker, and long-time human rights activist. Literary works

In the Name of Humanity: The Secret Deal to End the Holocaust
Winner of the 2018 Canadian Jewish Literary Award (Holocaust category.) Published by Penguin/Random House, this work focuses on the heroic actions of a Swiss-based rescue committee headed by an ultra-Orthodox Jewish couple, Recha and Isaac Sternbuch. Before the war, Recha smuggled thousands of Jews fleeing Nazi Germany into Switzerland, aided by St. Gallen police Captain Paul Grüninger, a man often known today as the Swiss Schindler. Grüninger was fired and Recha was arrested in May 1939 after Swiss authorities learned of their extensive underground smuggling operation. After the war began, the Sternbuchs were primarily responsible for communicating news of the Final Solution to the west in 1942 after they received a coded cable about the Nazi genocide from a source inside the Warsaw Ghetto a month after WJC counsel Gerhart Riegner sent a similar cable to New York which was kept secret until its contents could be verified by the US government.In 1944, the Sternbuchs learned that the former President of Switzerland, Jean-Marie Musy, had intervened to free a Jewish couple from a Nazi concentration camp in France. Recha Sternbuch subsequently enlisted Musy – a devout Catholic and fascist sympathizer – to negotiate with the architect of genocide, SS Chief Heinrich Himmler, who he knew from anti-Communist circles before the war. After the war began to turn against Germany, Himmler was known to have harboured hopes for a separate peace whereby the western Allies would unite with Nazi Germany against its common ideological enemy, the Soviet Union, to stamp out Bolshevism. Representing the Union of Orthodox Rabbis and the Sternbuch Rescue Committee, Musy, who was horrified to learn about the Nazi genocide, travelled to Germany to meet with Himmler in November 1944. At this meeting, he cultivated Himmler's delusion by falsely informing him that the West was open to such an alliance but only if Germany first ended the genocide against the Jews. Less than three weeks later, on November 25, 1944, Himmler gave the order to destroy the crematoria and gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau where more than 1.1 million Jews had been murdered since 1942. The Hungarian Jewish rescue leader, Reszo Kasztner, claimed he was shown a written order issued by Himmler, also on November 25, "prohibiting the further killing of Jews."Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer has described Himmler's Auschwitz decree as the end of the "planned, systematic and total extermination of the Jews." Many historians previously believed that Himmler ordered the Birkenau murder apparatus destroyed to hide evidence of Nazi crimes in advance of the approaching Soviet Red Army, even though the Germans left behind more than 7,000 inmates when they evacuated the camp two months later. In 1974, Bauer took issue with this theory at the first Yad Vashem Institute symposium on rescue operations. "There are those who claim that the order was the result of the advance of the Soviets and Americans, etc," Bauer told the gathering, "but it can also be assumed that the advance of these forces might have led to exactly the opposite result, ie. it could have hastened the extermination process." For the first time, <mask>'s book presents evidence linking Himmler's decree to these secret negotiations after the author discovered documents housed in an Orthodox Jewish archive at New York's Yeshiva University linking Himmler's orders to the Musy negotiations. Among these documents is a cable sent by the Sternbuchs through the Polish diplomatic code to the Vaad ha-Hatzalah in New York on November 20, 1944 detailing Musy's negotiations with Himmler.The cable informed the Vaad that Musy had received a "promise to cease extermination in concentration camps." On November 22, the Sternbuchs sent another cable revealing that the Papal nuncio in Switzerland had "received a promise that the slaughters will cease." Three days later, Himmler ordered the destruction of the Auschwitz extermination apparatus. The book also documents a dramatic battle during the final months of the war between Himmler, still seeking a separate peace with the western Allies, and Adolf Hitler, who wanted to take "every last Jew down with the Reich." Abetted by western intelligence officials, the Sternbuchs and Musy engineered a massive deception which saw Himmler countermand orders from Hitler to dynamite the concentration camps and to agree to allow officials from the International Red Cross into the camps to deliver food and medical supplies on the condition that they agree to remain in the camps for the duration of the war. During the final weeks of the war, these negotiations also resulted in an extraordinary meeting between a Swedish representative of the World Jewish Congress, Norbert Masur, and Himmler, deep inside Germany on the night of Hitler's birthday, April 20/21,1945. After leaving this meeting, Himmler met with the head of the Swedish Red Cross, Count Folke Bernadotte, and offered a German surrender on the western front.When Hitler learned of this "betrayal" by one of his most trusted lieutenants less than 48 hours before he committed suicide in the Führerbunker, he ordered Himmler's arrest and excommunication from the Nazi Party. The Canadian Jewish News described <mask>'s book as "an impressive piece of scholarship and a compelling chapter of Holocaust history." The book was also a finalist for the 2018 RBC Taylor Prize for the best work of literary non-fiction. The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh and the Rise of the Third Reich
This work, published in 2003 by St. Martin's Press about the Nazi sympathies of two American icons, received a cover endorsement by two-time Pulitzer-Prize winning historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. In the book, <mask> details the close collaboration between the aviator Charles Lindbergh and the automotive pioneer Henry Ford and traces the evolution of their sympathetic views on Nazi Germany. As the first unauthorized biographer ever to gain access to Lindbergh's archives at Yale University, <mask> presents details of the flier's many trips to Germany during the 1930s and his increasing admiration for Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich. He reveals evidence that the Germans used Lindbergh as an unwilling dupe so that they could vastly inflate German air estimates although the German air force was much weaker than it pretended.The book argues that Lindbergh's well-publicized description of German air superiority played a major role in the western decision to appease Hitler at Munich in 1938. Only weeks after the Munich Agreement, the Nazis presented Lindbergh with their highest civilian honor, the Order of the German Eagle. The book describes Lindbergh's prominent role as a leader of the isolationist movement after the Second World War started in Europe and as a spokesperson for the America First Committee, which lobbied to keep America out of the war. It also details Lindbergh's eugenic and anti-Semitic views, culminating in his infamous Des Moines speech on September 11, 1941 in which the isolationist claimed, "The three most important groups who have been pressing this country toward war are the British, the Jewish [sic] and the Roosevelt Administration." Instead of agitating for war, he declared, "the Jewish groups in this country should be opposing it in every possible way for they will be among the first to feel its consequences." When the speech was reported the next day, it set off a wave of revulsion by the media and the public that turned Lindbergh into a national pariah. President Roosevelt told his secretary of Treasury, "If I should die tomorrow, I want you to know this.I am absolutely convinced that Lindbergh is a Nazi." The book also explores Ford's Nazi sympathies and his central involvement in the most notorious anti-Semitic campaign in American history when Ford bought The Dearborn Independent and used the newspaper to blame the Jews for most of the world's troubles. From 1920 to 1927, the newspaper introduced Americans to a variety of virulent anti-Jewish conspiracy theories, including the notorious Protocols of the Elders of Zion. <mask> traces the mysterious evolution of Ford's anti-Semitism, which puzzled many observers at the time because Ford had displayed no anti-Semitic tendencies. On the contrary, he was known to be benevolent to his Jewish employees and to his neighbour, Detroit's most prominent rabbi, Leo Franklin. The book reveals evidence proving that Ford's private secretary, Ernest Liebold, had been a German spy during the First World War and who was largely responsible for turning Ford against the Jews by convincing him that Jewish communists were conspiring to unionize his company. Liebold also used the Independent as a vehicle to blame Jews the defeat of Germany in the First World War and for the rise of Bolshevism.A series of articles trumpeting that theme was translated into German and published in book form as The International Jew. The book was later cited by many Nazis as deeply influential, including the leader of the Hitler Youth, Baldur von Schirach, who testified at the Nuremberg Trials, "I read it and became anti-Semitic." Hitler hung a portrait of Ford over his desk at his Munich headquarters and told a Detroit columnist that he regarded Ford as "my inspiration." Ford is the only American mentioned in Hitler's Mein Kampf. Like Lindbergh, the Nazis presented Ford with Germany’s highest civilian decoration, the Order of the German Eagle, on his 75th birthday, in 1938.

Who Killed Kurt Cobain? As a former music journalist, <mask> coauthored the international bestseller Who Killed Kurt Cobain? with Ian Halperin in 1998 (described as a "judicious presentation of explosive material" by The New Yorker).Much of the book explores the phenomenon of the 68 copycat suicides following the death of Cobain in April, 1994. Love and Death: The Murder of Kurt Cobain
Published in 2004, <mask> wrote Love and Death: The Murder of Kurt Cobain with Halperin, which reached the New York Times bestseller list. The book presents explosive tapes recorded by Beverly Hills Private Investigator Tom Grant, who was hired by Courtney Love to find her husband after Kurt Cobain went missing from a Los Angeles drug rehab facility in April 1994. Among the tapes is a recording of Cobain's entertainment lawyer Rosemary Carroll, godmother to the couple's daughter Frances Bean Cobain, casting doubt on the official suicide theory and revealing Carroll's belief that the suicide note was "forged or traced." On the tapes, Carroll also revealed that Cobain was in the process of divorcing Love at the time of his death. Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight: Cassius Clay vs. the United States of America
Written in 2000, this book covers Muhammad Ali's long battle against the US government over his stand against the Vietnam War. Ali wrote the foreword.In 2013, the book was adapted into a movie directed by two-time Oscar nominee Stephen Frears, starring Danny Glover, Christopher Plummer and Frank Langella. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 23, 2013. Film
<mask> is also a documentary filmmaker whose first film, Too Colorful for the League, about the history of racism in hockey for CBC TV, was nominated for a Gemini Award. The film documents a crusade to enshrine the black superstar Herb Carnegie into the Hockey Hall of Fame. <mask> has also contributed to the BBC and the Sunday New York Times. His second film, Schmelvis, about the Jewish roots of Elvis Presley, had a US theatrical release and played in more than 75 film festivals around the world. In the 1990s, <mask> was the director and co-founder of both the Ottawa Folk Festival and the Ottawa International Busker Festival when employed as station manager for CKCU-FM, Canada's largest community radio station.Holocaust historian

<mask> is a former Executive Director of the Anne and Max Bailey Centre for Holocaust studies in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. During the 1990s, he worked for several years with Steven Spielberg's Shoah Foundation, recording the video testimonies of Holocaust survivors. For more than a decade, he has been researching Holocaust-era rescue operations and secret negotiations with high level Nazis during the waning days of the Second World War II to prevent the annihilation of the remaining Jews in Europe. Published works
In the Name of Humanity: The Secret Deal to End the Holocaust (Penguin/Random House Canada and Skyhorse USA, 2018)
The American Axis: Ford, Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich (St. Martin's Press, 2003)
Who Killed Kurt Cobain? with Ian Halperin in 1998
Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight: Cassius Clay vs. the United States of America (M. Evans & Co., 2000)
Love & Death: The Murder of Kurt Cobain with Ian Halperin (Simon & Schuster, 2004)

Awards
1985: Shared the Rolling Stone Magazine Award for Investigative Journalism. 2001: Nominated for a Gemini Award for writing and producing CBC TV documentary Too Colourful For the League. 2018: Shortlisted for 2018 Vine Award for Canadian Jewish Literature (History Writing) for In the Name of Humanity
2018: Won the 2018 Canadian Jewish Literature Award (Holocaust Literature Category) for In the Name of Humanity
2009: Won the David Suzuki Foundation's "David Suzuki Digs My Garden" contest for best organic ornamental garden in Canada.References

External links

1960s births
Living people
Canadian journalists

masks:
Max Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace


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<mask> (born Johnny Alexander Veliotes, Jr.; November 30, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter, recording artist, and multi-instrumentalist. <mask>'s composition "Strawberry Letter 23" (as recorded by The Brothers Johnson) topped the Billboard R&B chart and reached #5 of the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1977. He also achieved commercial success with his 1974 single "Inspiration Information" (from the album of the same title), reaching #56 on the R&B chart. The album was reissued in 2001 on the label Luaka Bop, receiving widespread acclaim. Biography
Born in Los Angeles, California, <mask> is the son of rhythm and blues pioneer, musician, bandleader, and impresario <mask>, who was of Greek descent, and his wife Phyllis Walker, who was of African American and Filipino descent. The name "Shuggie" (short for "sugar," according to his mother) was coined by Phyllis when he was a newborn. <mask> began playing guitar when he was two years old and performing professionally with his father's band at the age of eleven, often disguising himself with dark glasses and a false mustache so that he could play with his father's band in after-hours nightclubs.<mask>, primarily known as a guitarist, also sings and plays a multitude of other instruments. While growing up with and being heavily influenced by many blues, jazz and R&B musicians in his father Johnny's immediate circle, <mask> began to gravitate towards the popular music of his generation such as Jimi Hendrix, Arthur Lee (of the band Love), and Sly Stone. In 1969, Al Kooper asked <mask> to be the featured guest on the second installment (Kooper Session) of the Super Session album series that had previously included Stephen Stills and Mike Bloomfield. Kooper and the then-fifteen-year-old <mask> recorded the whole album over one weekend in New York. Immediately returning to Los Angeles, <mask>, along with his father and singer Delmar "Mighty Mouth" Evans, performed on the album Cold Shot (by the elder <mask>), released in 1969 on the Los Angeles-based Kent label. Another obscure album this three-man team recorded was the extremely rare and risque Snatch & The Poontangs, on which <mask> recorded tracks under the pseudonym "Prince Wunnerful". <mask> then released his first solo album later that year entitled Here Comes Shuggie <mask> on Epic Records.Countless musicians were his guests on that debut attempt, including Johnny, Leon Haywood, Al McKibbon, Wilton Felder. This further established his reputation and catapulted him to the attention of B. B. King, who was quoted in a 1970 issue of Guitar Player magazine saying <mask> was his "favorite new guitarist". Some of the artists <mask> performed and recorded with during that time include Frank Zappa (having played electric bass on the legendary jazz instrumental, "Peaches en Regalia" from the 1969 album Hot Rats), Etta James, Eddie Vinson, Richard Berry, Louis Jordan, and Bobby 'Blue' Bland, among many others. The album <mask> received the most recognition for was his second Epic Records release in 1971, Freedom Flight, which featured his hit "Strawberry Letter 23". Both the album and single reached the Billboard Top 200 and the Billboard Hot 100, respectively and caught the attention of Brothers Johnson guitarist George Johnson, who then played it for producer Quincy Jones.They covered the song and it instantly became a smash hit. Even though <mask> played most of his own parts in the studio, the lineup on this album was quite extensive, including keyboardist George Duke and Aynsley Dunbar of Frank Zappa, Journey and Whitesnake fame. In 1974, <mask> released Inspiration Information, his third and final album for Epic Records. The album had taken almost three years to finish. All the songs were written and arranged by <mask> himself, who played every musical instrument on the album, except for horns and some strings. However, despite its long-awaited impact, Inspiration Information had but one single (the title track) reach the Billboard Hot 100. After the album's release, <mask> was approached by Billy Preston on behalf of The Rolling Stones, asking him to join the band for their upcoming world tour.He declined the offer, along with the chance to work with Quincy Jones in helping produce <mask>'s next album. After a series of similar refusals, <mask> gained the reputation of "taking his time", and his recording contract with Epic Records was nullified. <mask>'s only credited works throughout the mid-1970s were done as a session musician for his father's recording projects. Inspiration Information gained a huge cult following during the 1990s with the emergence of rare groove and acid jazz. It was lauded by such musicians as Prince and Lenny Kravitz. Due in part to this regained interest, the album was re-released on April 3, 2001, by David Byrne's independent label Luaka Bop Records. This CD re-issue includes all nine original album tracks plus four songs taken from <mask>' 1971 album Freedom Flight, and features new cover art, liner notes, and exclusive never-seen-before photos.<mask> is featured in every one of his father Johnny's books, as well as Alligator Records Presents West Coast Blues, issued in August 1998. <mask> and Sony Music Entertainment made a deal for a double CD which was released on April 20, 2013. It is a re-release of Inspiration/Information. Added to the album are several bonus tracks, including an accompanying album entitled Wings of Love. Wings of Love is an album of previously unreleased material, all of which was written from 1975 to the present, including live material from some of his performances. It will be available on Shugiterius records (<mask>'s company) and Sony records, through Sony Music Entertainment. <mask> and a band entitled Shuggie Otis Rite toured internationally in 2013 in support of the release, including Australia, Japan, the U.S., Ireland and the U.K. Their performances earned rave reviews from critics.A new, mostly instrumental, album was released in April 2018 titled Inter-Fusion. Personal life
<mask> had a son named Johnny III, known as <mask>, with his first wife Miss Mercy of The GTOs, an all-girl group produced by Frank Zappa. Soon after his first marriage ended, he married Lillian Wilson (known as Teri), daughter of trumpeter/bandleader/Latin-jazz pioneer Gerald Wilson; they had a son, Eric, naming him after Eric Dolphy, who was one of Gerald's bandmates and close friends. Both of Shuggie's sons, Lucky and Eric, are musicians. Eric has played and toured in his father's band. Lucky, a bassist, began by playing with his grandfather, <mask>, and then launched a solo career, heading his own group Otis Ledbetter with partner Louis Ledbetter, great-grandson of blues musician Lead Belly. He has also fronted a 13-piece rhythm-and-blues orchestra, The New Johnny Otis All-Stars, continuing his grandfather's Big Band legacy.Discography

Studio albums
Here Comes <mask> <mask> (1970), Epic
Freedom Flight (1971), Epic
Inspiration Information (1974), Epic
Inter-Fusion (2018), Cleopatra

Collaborations
With The <mask> Show
Cold Shot! (1968), Kent Records
Snatch & The Poontangs (1969), Kent Records
Cuttin' Up (1970), Epic Records
The <mask> Show Live at Monterey! (1970), Epic Records
The New <mask> Show with <mask> <mask> (1981), Alligator Records
Into the Eighties (1984), Charly Records

With Bo Diddley
Where It All Began (1972), Chess Records
With Al Kooper
Kooper Session (1969), Columbia Records
With Preston Love
Preston Love's Omaha-Bar-B-Q (1969), Kent Records
With Guitar Slim Green
Stone Down Blues (1970), Kent Records
With Gerald Wilson
 Lomelin (1981) Discovery Records
With Frank Zappa
Peaches en Regalia from the album Hot Rats (1969)
With Jimmy Vivino
Violet In Blue from the album Novemberin' (2008)
With Mark Lotito
Novemberin' from the album Novemberin' (2008)

Compilations
Shuggie's Boogie: <mask> <mask> Plays The Blues (1994), Epic Records / Legacy Recordings
In Session: Great Rhythm & Blues (2002), Golden Lane Records
Original Album Classics: <mask> <mask> (2013), Epic Records / Legacy Recordings
Wings of Love (2013), Sony Records / Legacy Recordings

Later samples
"Island Letter" sampled by Digable Planets for the track "For Corners" from the album Blowout Comb (1994). "Strawberry Letter 23" sampled by DJ Quik for the track "Dollaz + Sense" from the album Safe + Sound (1995). "Aht Uh Mi Hed" sampled by Beginner (band) for the track "Liebes Lied" from the album Bambule (1998). "Strawberry Letter 23" sampled by OutKast for the track "Ms. Jackson" from the album Stankonia (2001). "Strawberry Letter 23" sampled by Beyoncé for the track "Be With You" from the album Dangerously in Love (2003)."Rainy Day" sampled by Beyoncé for the track "Gift from Virgo" from the album Dangerously In Love (2003). "Oxford Gray" sampled by RJD2 for the track "Ring Finger" from the album Since We Last Spoke (2004). "Oxford Gray" sampled by Alchemist for the track "B.I.G T.W.I.N.S" from the album The Grimey Collection (2008). "Not Available" sampled by J Dilla for the track "Donuts (Outro)" and "Welcome to the Show" from the album Donuts (2006). "Sweet Thang" sampled by Criolo for the track "Demorô" from the album "Ainda Há Tempo" (2006). "Aht Uh mi Hed" sampled by Kapu (Venezuelan producer) for the track "Uno por ellas" from the album "Apa y Can" (2013). References

External links
Shuggie Otis' official website
Shuggie Otis Biography on the Luaka Bop website

Shuggie Otis Interview for Echoes Magazine 2012 - requires Google login
The Mystery of Shuggie Otis by The Village Voice
A concert review on Quooklynite

1953 births
Living people
African-American guitarists
20th-century African-American male singers
American blues guitarists
American blues pianists
American male pianists
American blues singers
American funk bass guitarists
American funk drummers
African-American drummers
American funk guitarists
American funk singers
American multi-instrumentalists
Record producers from California
American rhythm and blues bass guitarists
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American soul guitarists
American male bass guitarists
American soul singers
Blues drummers
Blues rock musicians
People from Sonoma County, California
Soul drummers
Singer-songwriters from California
American people of Greek descent
American musicians of Filipino descent
Guitarists from Los Angeles
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century American pianists
American blues drummers
21st-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
African-American songwriters
African-American pianists
21st-century African-American musicians
American male singer-songwriters

masks:
Johnny Shuggie Otis
Otis
Otis
Johnny Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Lucky Otis
Johnny Otis
Shuggie
Otis
Johnny Otis
Johnny Otis
Johnny Otis
Shuggie
Otis
Shuggie
Otis
Shuggie
Otis


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(born March 28, 1967) is a retired Japanese professional wrestler and mixed martial artist. Professional wrestling career

Universal Wrestling Federation and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (1985–1988)
A former practitioner of judo, sumo and muay thai, <mask> tried professional wrestling after meeting Nobuhiko Takada. He passed the original Universal Wrestling Federation's entrance tests and had his debut on July 6, 1985 against Osamu Hoshina. He only wrestled a handful of matches for the company, as it collapsed later in the year and its roster moved back to New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where <mask> debuted as a low-ranking member of the UWF "invading" army. Often teaming with fellow shooter Tatsuo Nakano, he feuded with names like Akira Nogami, Osamu Matsuda and Masakatsu Funaki as part of the NJPW junior heavyweight division. He eventually left the company in 1988 following Takada, Akira Maeda and the rest of his crew to form the second incarnation of UWF. UWF Newborn (1988–1990)
In 1988, already in UWF Newborn, <mask> climbed up the card and adopted a more eccentric image for himself, wearing zebra tights and bondage gear and using heelish sneaky tactics in the ring.He participated in a different style fight at the U-COSMOS event against Changpuek Kiatsongrit, and also wrestled Holland exponent Dick Vrij. Just before the promotion disgregated in several companies, <mask> got a high level victory against Minoru Suzuki. Union of Wrestling Forces International (1991–1996)
In 1991 he joined UWF International, following his mentor Takada, and had success as the top native heel. He feuded with Takada and Kazuo Yamazaki, and had also an humbling match with The Iron Sheik. In December 1994, <mask> was involved in a famous incident with Brazilian jiu-jitsu master Rickson Gracie. After Gracie declined to work with UWF International, <mask> travelled to California along with executive Shinji Sasazaki and a huge Japanese press contingent to perform a dojo challenge on Rickson. However, he lost the subsequent fight, with Rickson dominating him with brutal ground and pound and choking him out after the Japanese refused to give up.With the UWFi's formerly fearsome reputation in tatters, the bookers had the idea of co-promoting events with NJPW in 1995, and <mask> earned a victory over Masahiro Chono in an interpromotional match. He and young wrestlers Yoshihiro Takayama and Kenichi Yamamoto formed a stable called the "Golden Cups" (a reference to pop rock band The Golden Cups) to feud in tag team and six-man matches against Super Strong Machine as the masked "200% Machines". They also forayed into WAR to feud with Genichiro Tenryu and others. Despite the effort, UWF's attendance numbers swiftly decreased, with the federation closing its doors once and for all in December 1996. In their final show it was Kazushi Sakuraba who at long last headlined, defeating <mask> by submission. Following UWFI's collapse he joined Kingdom but then wandered into independent promotions and also began competing in MMA matches. All Japan Pro Wrestling (2000–2003)

In 2000 <mask> returned to professional wrestling to help out All Japan Pro Wrestling's rebuilding.He appeared as a partner to old foe Genichiro Tenryu, winning the World Tag Team Championship from Johnny Smith and Taiyo Kea. They retained the titles for a long times, including a double title match with AJPW All Asia Tag Team Champions Arashi and Koki Kitahara, against the teams of George Hines and Johnny Smith and Toshiaki Kawada and Nobutaka Araya, coming victorious after <mask> pinned Araya with a knee strike. After some weeks, Tenryu and <mask> finally lost the title to Keiji Mutoh and Taiyo Kea, dissolving the team. After some single ventures and a failed team with Mitsuya Nagai, he quit All Japan and wandered again, joining Fighting World of Japan Pro Wrestling. He fought again alongside Tenryu, feuding with Takao Omori, and also teamed up with Ichiro Yaguchi to take part in the WMG Tag Team Championship tournament, but they were eliminated by Jinsei Shinzaki and Shiro Koshinaka. Hustle (2004–2009)
After many months of inactivity, <mask> resurfaced in the sports entertainment promotion Hustle run by old comrade Takada. He debuted as Commander An Jo, Generalissimo Takada's right hand, wearing military uniforms and ornated eye masks.On March 19, 2015, <mask> retired from professional wrestling, putting on a small interpromotional card called Y.A. is Dead (a reference to his entrance song James Brown Is Dead by LA Style) where he reformed his "Golden Cups" stable with Takayama and Yamamoto, to take on former UWF and New Japan foes Masakatsu Funaki, Minoru Suzuki and Sanae Kikuta in a best-of-three-falls six-man match. <mask> was forced to submit by Funaki in two straight falls, but <mask> demanded the match go to a third fall and was pinned by Suzuki. Mixed martial arts career
<mask>'s first shootfight was in UWF Newborn, after offering himself to fight muay thai champion Changpuek Kiatsongrit in the 1989 event U-Cosmos. Under mixed rules, Changpuek chose to wear gloves while <mask> did not. Started the fight, <mask> immediately clinched Changpuek to avoid his striking and repeatedly tried to take him down, but the Thai fighter kept holding the ring ropes in order to avoid it. After rounds, they traded kicks and <mask> cornered him in the turnbuckle several times, with Kiatsongrit never releasing the ropes.The Japanese wrestler managed to threaten him with submissions at the final round, but he couldn't lock them due to the rope escape rule, so the fight ended in a draw. He had his official MMA debut at U-Japan, facing famed grappler Sean Alvarez in a half-hour losing effort. Ultimate Fighting Championship
In 1997, he took part in Ultimate Fighting Championship's UFC Japan tournament representing Kingdom along with Kazushi Sakuraba, and was pitted against the much bigger and experienced David "Tank" Abbott. The American took advantage of his own wrestling superiority to take <mask> down repeatedly and use ground and pound, while <mask> answered with multiple submission attempts and leg kicks whenever he could. At the end of the fight, judges gave the decision to Abbot for keeping control during the fight. However, he had got a hand injury and had to retire from the tournament. <mask>'s partner Sakuraba ended winning the tournament instead.At the second UFC event in Japan, UFC 25, <mask> fought an even more dangerous grappler, Murilo Bustamante, considered one of the best in the world. The Japanese wrestler was immediately taken down and mounted, but he managed to perform a rolling reversal off the cage and fend off an armbar attempt, and for a time seemed to have secured a guillotine choke, but only briefly. At the second round, <mask> was taken down and submitted with an arm triangle choke. <mask> kept facing high level opponents in the form of Olympic wrestler Matt Lindland, in UFC 29. This time was <mask> the first in initiating the takedown, but Lindland used the fence to avoid it and maneuver to mount, from where he executed intense ground and pound until the referee stopped the fight. PRIDE
Three years after getting a draw with Seikendo fighter Gia Chirragishvili in Deep, <mask> was invited to Pride Fighting Championships to fight Ryan Gracie, in remembrance of <mask>'s past challenge to Rickson. The young Brazilian took <mask> down, but couldn't get the choke, and even shoved the referee away after the restart, earning a yellow card.Again Ryan got a takedown and gained half guard, taking <mask>'s back, but <mask> defended it and they struggled for position until he fell in an armbar and had to tap out. This was <mask>'s last MMA fight, although he still helped to train fighters like Daiju Takase and Kenichi Yamamoto.

masks: Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Yoji Yoji Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Yoji Anjo Yoji Yoji Anjo Yoji Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Anjo Yoji Anjo