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<mask>ic () is a Serbian American biomedical engineer. She is a University Professor at Columbia University, as well as the Mikati Foundation Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Sciences. She also heads the laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering at Columbia University. She is part of the faculty at the Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Human Development, both found at Columbia University. She is also an honorary professor at the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy at the University of Belgrade, an honorary professor at the University of Novi Sad, and an adjunct professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tufts University. Her focus is on engineering human tissues for regenerative medicine, stem cell research and modeling of disease. Together with her team she has published over 380 scientific papers, 70 book chapters and three books on tissue engineering.Vunjak-Novakovic has also given 380 invited lectures across the world and is named as co-inventor on 100 licensed, issued and pending patents. Building on these patents she co-founded four biotech companies: EpiBone, TARA Biosystems, Xylyx Bio, and Immplacate Health. Additionally, she is a frequent advisor to the federal government on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biography
Vunjak received her B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Belgrade, in Belgrade, Serbia, her birthplace. After her postgraduate study in Germany, she returned as a faculty to the University of Belgrade in its Chemical Engineering Department. She was a Fulbright Fellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology from 1986 to 1987 and held joint appointments as research scientist at the Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology at MIT (1993-1998) and as adjunct professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tufts University (1994-2004). In 1998 she became a full-time principal research scientist with the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology at MIT, where she collaborated, among others, with renowned biomedical engineer Robert S. Langer.In 2005, she accepted a position as full professor with the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University. She is married to Branko Novakovic, an architect, and they have a son Stasha who is practicing pulmonology and critical care in Miami. Research
Vunjak-Novakovic's numerous scholarly accomplishments have substantially impacted the field of tissue engineering in specific and the field of biomedical engineering in general. The focus of her research is on engineering functional human tissues, by an integrated use of stem cells, biomaterial scaffolds and bioreactors, which are culture systems designed to regulate and stimulate tissue development. In her work she has laid the theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of new biomaterials and scaffold architecture to regenerate tissue. For example, a series of 5 papers on bioreactors, seeding of polymer scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, cultivation parameters, and tissue construct characterization, published in 1998 and 1999 have been cited over 2,000 times. Building on these efforts, Prof. Vunjak-Novakovic continued to perform complex cell biological studies that address fundamental problems such as the growth and differentiation of stem cells for functional skeletal and cardiac mechanics, the growth of mammalian cells in microgravity environment, and the role of chondrocytes in cartilage tissue biomechanics.In ways not achieved by any other research team, Prof. Vunjak-Novakovic's group has succeeded to control cell growth, metabolism and function of engineered human tissues. This has garnered her highest praise and recognition of the scientific community. She is now starting to translate this foundation into clinical applications that promise to profoundly influence the way patients are treated and medicine is practiced. Recognition
In 2007, Vunjak-Novakovic became the first woman engineer to receive the distinction of giving the Director's Lecture at the National Institute of Health. In 2008, she was inducted into the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, and in 2009, she was elected to the New York Academy of Sciences. One year later she received the Clemson Award of the Society of Biomaterials "for significant contributions to the literature on the science or technology of biomaterials." Vunjak-Novakovic is currently serving on the Council of NIBIB, and has previously served as a Chair of Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.She is a fellow of the Biomedical Engineering Society, a fellow of AAAS, and a founding fellow of TERMIS. She is a member of the Academia Europaea, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, and one of Foreign Policy 100 leading global thinkers for 2014. She is the recipient of the Robert A. Pritzker Distinguished Lecture Award for 2017, the premier award of the Biomedical Engineering Society. As her research has made substantial breakthroughs in recent years, her work has also captured the imagination of the general public and was featured in The New York Times, Scientific American, Forbes Magazine, National Public Radio (NPR), and the BBC. In 2012 she was elected to the National Academy of Engineering "for bioreactor systems and modeling approaches for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine," becoming the first woman at Columbia to ever earn that prestigious distinction. Two years later this was followed by the elections to the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Academy of Inventors. In 2017, Professor Vunjak-Novakovic was appointed to the rank of University Professor at Columbia University, the institution's highest academic honor reserved for a small number of faculty who have made the most important contributions to their field of study, and serve the university as a whole.She appeared in 2018 as herself in the documentary film Tesla Nation. In 2019, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In February 2021, she was awarded the Sretenje order of the Republic of Serbia. In July 2021, she was as awarded the Popular Prize by the European Inventor Award. References

External links

WITI Museum
Epernicus
Columbia engineering faculty
Forum-Network
Stem SAVE scientific advisor council
PBS.org
Columbia BME Department

Columbia University faculty
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
University of Belgrade alumni
Serbian emigrants to the United States
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Fellows of the Biomedical Engineering Society
Massachusetts Institute of Technology staff
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American women engineers
American biomedical engineers
Serbian women engineers
21st-century women engineers
American women academics
21st-century American women


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<mask> (born 11 July 1972) is a New Zealand-Australian racing driver, currently competing in the Porsche Carrera Cup Australia Championship. <mask>, the son of seven-time Bathurst 1000 winner <mask>, is himself a five-time Bathurst 1000 winner, having won the event in 1998, 1999, 2013, 2015 and 2018. Colloquially known as 'Richo', he also won the Bathurst 24 Hour in 2002. Career history

Early career
<mask>' first major career success was winning the Australian Formula Ford Championship on his second attempt in 1994 for Garry Rogers Motorsport. In 1995, <mask> made his debut in the Bathurst 1000, finishing fourth for Gibson Motorsport with Anders Olofsson. <mask> continued his association with Garry Rogers Motorsport in the years following, competing in the Australian Super Touring Championship from 1995 to 1997 driving an Alfa Romeo 155, Honda Accord and Nissan Primera and making his Australian Touring Car Championship debut for the team in 1996 in a Holden VR Commodore. <mask> competed with his father Jim at the Bathurst 1000 in 1996 and 1997, finishing second in the latter.<mask> continued with the team for 1998 before leaving to take up a testing role with Nissan in England. At the 1998 AMP Bathurst 1000 <mask> finished second in a Nissan Primera, only two seconds behind his father Jim. A month later driving a Ford EL Falcon, he won the FAI 1000 with Jason Bright for Stone Brothers Racing. Supercars Championship
In 1999 <mask> took up a full-time drive with Gibson Motorsport in 1999, as a team-mate to Greg Murphy in a Holden VT Commodore. <mask> finished seventh in the championship with the highlight being defending his Bathurst crown with Murphy. By winning his second Bathurst title in a Holden, he became the first driver to win the Bathurst 1000 in both a Ford and Holden, and remains the only driver to do so in consecutive years. <mask> continued with Gibson Motorsport in 2000, winning the inaugural Canberra 400 as well as a round at Calder Park Raceway.In 2001, <mask> moved to Ford Tickford Racing. <mask> finished 12th in the standings for the team in 2001. With Ford Tickford Racing scaling back to one car, <mask> moved to Perkins Engineering in 2002. He continued with the team for five years and achieved consistent championship finishes between fifth and seventh. <mask> won two rounds for the team, both at the Perth 400 at Barbagallo Raceway. In 2007, <mask> made another manufacturer switch, joining Ford Performance Racing. <mask> started competitively for the team, with championship finishes of seventh and eighth, but dropped off in 2009 and 2010 with finishes of thirteenth and fifteenth.<mask> was subsequently replaced by Will Davison for 2011, and finished his full-time career with a podium in the final race of the season at the Sydney 500. <mask>' highlights for the team were winning the Skycity Triple Crown in 2008, and podium finishes at the 2007 Sandown 500 and 2009 Phillip Island 500 with Owen Kelly and Mark Winterbottom respectively. <mask> and Winterbottom were leading the 2007 Bathurst 1000 late in the race before Winterbottom went off the track in wet conditions. Endurance co-driver
Following his full-time career ending, <mask> became a highly sought-after co-driver for V8 Supercars' two endurance events, the Sandown 500 and Bathurst 1000. He decided to stay on with Ford Performance Racing, renewing his partnership with Winterbottom. In 2013, <mask> and Winterbottom won the 2013 Bathurst 1000 on their sixth attempt together. It was the first Bathurst victory for Winterbottom and the team, and <mask>' first since 1999.After his success in 2013, <mask> was poached by Triple Eight Race Engineering to drive with Craig Lowndes from 2014 onwards in what had become known as the Pirtek Enduro Cup. The move brought <mask> a fourth Bathurst victory in 2015. In doing this <mask> joined Lowndes, who along with Tony Longhurst and Jamie Whincup had matched the feat of winning in both a Ford and Holden since <mask> had achieved it, as the only two drivers to win more than one Bathurst 1000 for both Ford and Holden. <mask> won the race again with Lowndes in 2018 winning his Fifth Bathurst crown becoming one of the most successful winners of the great race throughout the current decade and sixth on the all-time list of Bathurst champions. <mask> announced his retirement from Supercars racing after the 2019 season. Endurance racing
<mask> won the inaugural Bathurst 24 Hour race in 2002 driving a Holden Monaro 427C for Garry Rogers Motorsport. <mask> won the race alongside Garth Tander, Cameron McConville and Nathan Pretty.Driving the same car in the 2003 race, the same quartet finished in second place, less than a second behind their teammates Greg Murphy, Todd Kelly, Jason Bright, and Peter Brock, who had formed a famous partnership with his father Jim in the 1970s and 1980s. <mask> competed in the 2014 24 Hours of Spa with Roger Lago, David Russell and Steve Owen, driving a Lamborghini Gallardo LP600+ GT3. They did not finish the race. <mask> has also achieved a class victory at the Bathurst 12 Hour, in 2012. Carrera Cup

After the conclusion of his full-time V8 Supercars career, <mask> entered the Australian Carrera Cup Championship in 2011 in a team backed by Laser Plumbing & Electrical. He consistently became a top-five championship runner since joining the series. His highlight was in 2014 when he won the championship title and broke the stranglehold on the series held by Craig Baird.It was <mask>' first championship title in twenty years. <mask> slipped back in the following two years before stepping back from the series to focus on his team's entry in the Australian GT Championship. Australian GT
In 2013 and 2014, <mask> competed in selected events of the Australian GT Championship in a Lamborghini Gallardo alongside Justin McMillan. They finished fifth in the 2014 championship. <mask> then made a one-off appearance in the 2015 season in a Chevrolet Camaro. In 2016, <mask> re-joined the series full-time, this time with his own team, <mask> Motorsport. The team became the factory-supported customer entrant for the new BMW M6 GT3 in Australia.The team has also entered two cars in the 2017 Bathurst 12 Hour. Personal life
Before taking up motor racing full-time, <mask> served his apprenticeship as an aircraft engineer. <mask> is married to Angela (m. 1998) and has two children, Clayton (born 2000) and Priya (born 2001). <mask> lives with his family in Melbourne, Victoria. Career results

Supercars Championship results
(Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Bathurst 1000 results

* Super Touring race

Complete Australian Carrera Cup Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position – 1 point awarded all races) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) (* signifies that driver lead feature race for at least one lap – 1 point awarded)

Complete Bathurst 24 Hour results

Complete Bathurst 12 Hour results

References

External links
 Official Website of <mask>
 Official Laser Racing Porsche Carrera Cup Team Website
 V8 Supercars Official Profile
 Driver Database stats
 Profile on Racing Reference

1972 births
New Zealand racing drivers
Supercars Championship drivers
Living people
Bathurst 1000 winners
Formula Ford drivers
Australian Touring Car Championship drivers
Sportspeople from Auckland
V8SuperTourer drivers
Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers

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Steven James Richards
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Brigadier General <mask> (May 16, 1821 – November 22, 1894) was a Republican politician from Ohio. He resigned from the Ohio State Treasurer's office in disgrace and redeemed his reputation in war. He was brevetted Brigadier General of the Union Army's 49th Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War. Early life
<mask> was born at Cross Creek Township, Jefferson County, Ohio on May 16, 1821 to <mask> (1778–1852) and <mask> (née Coe) (1782–1850). He was raised in a family that valued hard work, plain dress, temperance and sympathy for the unfortunate and opposed slavery and "social gilded livery." The <mask> family also placed special attention on developing good oratory and debating skills and held a regular family debating circle during the long winter evenings. On his mother's side, <mask> was descended from Robert Coe who arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634 aboard the ship the Francis.On his father's side, he was of Scotch-Irish descent, the grandson of Colonel <mask>, commanding officer of Virginia's 7th Regiment during the American Revolutionary War, Secretary of the Territory of Indiana (1800–1810), and Acting Governor of Indiana (1811–1813). <mask> <mask> was known to everyone except his mother as "Bill." He was the tenth of 11 children. He had five brothers and five older sisters (Sally, Polly, Hetty, Patty, Eliza, Robert McDowell, Moses Coe, John Kendall, Benjamin, and James Allen). <mask>'s father purchased 320 acres from the Federal Government in Seneca County, Ohio in 1821. When he was only four months old, the <mask> family moved to Seneca County from Jefferson County. The family settled in Melmore, Ohio.At the time, it was still a wooded frontier and home to Seneca and Mohawk Indians. Both sides of the family were Presbyterians and <mask> recalls being baptized with ten Indian children by Rev. James B. Findley with the ceremony being translated by the Indian interpreter "Black Jack." <mask> also recalls hearing Chief "Grey Eyes" preach. In the 1820s, the <mask> brothers took their corn for milling at the mill that the U.S. government built for the Wyandotte Indians on the Upper Sandusky River. <mask> attended the first school organized in Seneca County, Ohio in 1826 with his brothers Robert, Benjamin and James Allen. It was located in the second room of James Latham's log cabin and the teacher was Mrs. Laura Latham.The Lathams later donated land and asked the community to help build a one-room log schoolhouse, which became known as Craw's Hill School. It was run by Headmaster Edward Ranger. Among <mask>'s early schoolmates were Anson Burlingame (diplomat), Consul Wilshire Butterfield (author and historian), O. D. Conger (U.S. Congressman and U.S. Senator from Michigan), and Charles Foster (35th Governor of Ohio and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury). In his late teens, <mask> was eager to explore the American West. Together with his brother Robert McDowell <mask> and his neighbors John Kennedy and James Downs, he formed an exploration party that traveled west to explore the Territory of Iowa.The trip was a disaster with Kennedy and Downs dying by the time they reached Iowa City. The <mask> brothers returned to Melmore, Ohio. It would be their youngest brother James Allen <mask> who would explore the West and settle in Kansas. Bill and his brother Robert McDowell <mask> (who would later become a practicing M.D. ), enrolled in Ashland Academy in Richland County, Ohio in 1841. (The school later became Ashland University and Ashland Theological Seminary). Here, he honed his debating and oratory skills, becoming known for his strong position on temperance.He learned the carpenters trade, and studied law. Early Legal and Political career
In 1841 when <mask> <mask> petitioned the law firm of Rawson & Pennington to join their firm, he was following in the steps of his older brother John Kendall <mask> who had studied law at Washington & Jefferson College and during the U.S. Presidential campaign of 1840, campaigned alongside General <mask> Harrison. Bill (<mask><mask> and Warren P. Noble (later a prosecuting attorney, judge and U.S. Congressman) studied law together under Abel Rawson. <mask> was admitted to the Ohio bar and his first case was defending a client against racial slurs before Judge Reuben Wood. <mask> became involved in politics as a member of the Whig Party with strong anti-slavery views. During the U.S. Presidential campaign of 1844, he gave stump speeches for Henry Clay due to the Whig Party's platform that opposed admitting Texas into the Union because it was a slave state.In the U.S. Presidential campaign of 1848, <mask> supported Whig candidate, "Rough and Ready" General Zachary Taylor. However, he was concerned about the Whig Party's lack of opposition to the abolition of slavery and personally visited Henry Clay at his home in Ashland, Kentucky in 1848 to discuss this issue. He lost as a Whig candidate for Ohio Attorney General in 1853. In 1853, following the large defeat of the Whig candidate General Winfield Scott in the U.S. Presidential election of 1852, <mask> threw his support to the Free Soil Party and began organizing what would become the Republican Party in Ohio. He attended the first organization meeting of the Republican Party in spring of 1856 in Pittsburgh. He was one of the 69 Ohio delegates (of a total 600 delegates from around the country) that attended the first Republican National Convention held in Philadelphia in June 1856. In 1856, he ran and was elected as the first Republican to hold the office of Ohio State Treasurer.State Treasurer

In 1855, <mask> ran for Ohio State Treasurer, defeating the incumbent Democrat, John G. Breslin. Breslin was a fellow Tiffin resident, and was related by marriage to <mask>. <mask> was inducted into the office January 14, 1856, and resigned June 13, 1857. <mask> found that the treasury was short several hundred thousand dollars when he entered office. He confronted Breslin, who assured him that the money would be made good. Breslin noted that his predecessor, Albert A. Bliss had been $65,000 short, and had made it up. He intended to do the same.When the Breslin Treasury Defalcation became public, <mask> was forced to resign. An indignation meeting of leading politicians in the streets of Columbus denounced Breslin and <mask>. A commission appointed to investigate found <mask>'s crime was not in taking money for himself, but in participating in a cover-up. Breslin had moved to Canada to avoid prosecution, and <mask> returned to Tiffin and opened a law office. Civil War General, Commander of the Union Army's 49th Ohio Volunteer Infantry

On July 25, 1861, <mask> had a large recruiting poster printed:

<mask> entered service July 31, 1861, and by August 31 was named Colonel of the Forty-Ninth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. <mask> was the 49th Ohio Infantry's commanding officer throughout the U.S. Civil War. In August and September 1861, he organized and trained the 49th Ohio Infantry at Camp Noble, near his home in Tiffin, Ohio.With <mask> in command, the regiment was mustered for three years and fought at 42 Civil War battles including: the Battle of Shiloh, the Siege of Corinth, the Battle of Stone River, the Tullahoma Campaign, the Battle of Chickamauga, the Battle of Missionary Ridge, the Atlanta Campaign, the Battle of Resaca, the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, the Siege of Atlanta, the Battle of Jonesboro, the Second Battle of Franklin, and the Battle of Nashville. <mask> was known amongst his soldiers for his leadership, his positive speeches, and willingness to personally command in battle. At the Battle of Shiloh he had three horses shot from under him and was wounded by bayonet. <mask> was mustered out September 5, 1864, and brevetted Brigadier General March 13, 1865. Whitelaw Reid summarized <mask>'s service in the American Civil War thusly:

In his home town of Tiffin, Ohio <mask> is commemorated for his leadership during the U.S. Civil with a bronze statue known as the <mask> <mask> Monument, located on the grounds of the Seneca County Courthouse. Funding for this statue came from state funds and also from donations made by his soldiers. After the Civil War
Following the Civil War, General <mask> returned to civilian life to practice law.In 1868, <mask> was nominated for Ohio's 9th congressional district, but lost to Democrat Edward F. Dickinson, with his biographer alleging voting fraud. In 1871, he laid out the town of Gibsonburg in Sandusky County, Ohio. He continued as active stump speaker in support of Republican candidates. In the 1880s, <mask> was made a preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was appointed Ohio Adjutant General by Governor Foster. In 1887, Ohio Governor Joseph B. Foraker appointed him to the Ohio Canal Commission. Legacy
<mask> <mask> is best remembered for his eloquent oratory during at a difficult period in U.S. history. Abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe said that she had "listened to many of the most gifted orators of Europe and America, but have never listened to such eloquence as poured forth for two hours and half as from the lips of <mask><mask>, of Ohio."At <mask>'s funeral in 1894, <mask>, who at the time was Governor of Ohio (1892–1896, and later U.S. President, 1897–1901) made the eulogy. McKinley also noted <mask>'s gift for oratory saying that,

For fifty years, <mask> has been the most attractive and sought after of public speakers. On the lecture platform, at hundreds of Grand Army camp-fires, and in the pulpit, wherever duty called him, General <mask> made fitting responses. ... I am here, to pay tribute to the man I loved so much. The last time I heard him was at Old Fort, the Sunday before Memorial day. He was never more eloquent.General <mask> believed the two most important things in life were piety and patriotism. In his creed they were linked in indissoluble union. His piety was broad enough to include every creed and his patriotism wide enough to cover the whole country.Bigger 1901 : 468

He was interred in Greenlawn Cemetery. On May 25, 1847, <mask> was married in the Presbyterian Church to Martha Matilda Creeger of Tiffin, who was born in Maryland. Notes

References

External links

1821 births
1894 deaths
Ohio Republicans
Ashland University alumni
Ohio Whigs
19th-century American politicians
Ohio Free Soilers
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
Union Army colonels
State treasurers of Ohio
People from Tiffin, Ohio
Ohio lawyers
People from Jefferson County, Ohio
19th-century American lawyers

masks:
William Harvey Gibson
William Harvey Gibson
John Gibson
Jeannette Gibson
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John Gibson
William Harvey
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William Harvey
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<mask> (born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician who served as the Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. He rose to politics as a researcher specialized in the affairs of the European Union and was elected to the European Parliament in 2004 as a member of the National Coalition Party. In 2008, <mask> was appointed as Minister for Foreign Affairs following a scandal surrounding his predecessor, Ilkka Kanerva. In 2011 <mask> stood for election to the Finnish Parliament for the first time and was elected MP with the second highest vote count in the election, which led to <mask> becoming the Minister for Europe and Foreign Trade in Jyrki Katainen's cabinet. When Katainen stepped down as Prime Minister and Chairman of the National Coalition Party in 2014, <mask> was elected as party chairman. He went on to form a five party government coalition, and was officially appointed Prime Minister by President Sauli Niinistö on 24 June. In the election held in April 2015, <mask>'s National Coalition Party lost its status as the largest party, coming in as second in vote share and third in seats.After coalition negotiations between the winning Center Party, Finns Party and National Coalition Party, <mask> was appointed Minister of Finance on 29 May 2015 by newly elected Prime Minister Juha Sipilä. In 2016, <mask>'s leadership was challenged from within the party by MP Elina Lepomäki and Minister of Interior Petteri Orpo. On 11 June <mask> lost the leadership election against Orpo in the party conference. After declining ministerial positions, <mask> went on to continue as a Member of Parliament. In June 2017, he was chosen as the Vice-President of the European Investment Bank, after the previous representative from Finland Jan Vapaavuori had vacated the seat. In October 2018, <mask> announced his candidacy for the EPP nomination for President of the European Commission in the 2019 European Parliament election, but ultimately lost in an election against Manfred Weber. After <mask>'s term at the European Investment Bank ended in January 2020, he was chosen as the Director and Professor of the School of Transnational Governance at the European University Institute.Background

Bilingual childhood
<mask> was born in Helsinki into a bilingual family; his father was a native Swedish speaker and his mother a native Finnish speaker. <mask> spoke both languages at home. His father Göran <mask> worked in the business of professional ice hockey and was the CEO of the Finnish Ice Hockey Association from  1976 to 1983. Education
In 1986 <mask> graduated from Mainland High School in Daytona Beach, Florida and, two years later, graduated from the Gymnasiet Lärkan in Helsinki. After completing his military service, he won a golf scholarship to Furman University in South Carolina. At Furman, <mask> studied political science and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1993. The following year he studied French and obtained a Diploma in French Language and Civilisation from the Sorbonne in Paris.<mask> speaks five languages: Swedish, Finnish, English, French and German. In 1995 <mask> graduated as a Master of Arts in European Affairs from the College of Europe, Belgium. He then studied for the degree of PhD in the International Relations Department at the London School of Economics and Political Science, under the supervision of William Wallace, and gained his doctorate in June 1999. Wallace later said: "LSE has had a number of extremely bright Finnish students in recent years – but Alex was one of the most outstanding." <mask>'s thesis was called Flexible Integration and the Amsterdam Treaty: negotiating differentiation in the 1996–97 IGC (the 1996–97 Intergovernmental Conference of the European Union). Early career
Between 1995 and 1997, <mask> was a researcher at the Finnish Foreign Office, and then at the Academy of Finland from 1997 to 1999. In 1997 he began to work also as a columnist.From 1999 to 2001, <mask> was a researcher in Finland's representation in the European Union in Brussels, and a member of the Finnish government's delegation to the intergovernmental negotiations for the Treaty of Nice. In 2000, he became a lecturer at the College of Europe. Following the IGC's conclusion in 2001 he became an adviser to the President of the European Commission (then Romano Prodi) and a member of the Commission Task Force on the European Convention. In 2003 he returned to Finland's representation to the EU as a special expert and to the intergovernmental negotiations, this time for the European Constitution. When that ended in 2004, he stood for the National Coalition Party in the election to the European Parliament. Wife and children
<mask> lived in Genval, Belgium, with his wife, Suzanne Innes-<mask>, who is a British lawyer, until they moved to Tapiola, Espoo. She works for the media group Sanoma.They have two children, a daughter and son. Sports enthusiast
A "confessed sports nut", <mask> regularly competes in marathons and triathlons and has finished Ironman Triathlons. In his 2012 Frankfurt Ironman, he competed with "Iron Birds Finland", a team of 18 people competing to support leukemia research. In Ironman Sweden (in Kalmar) in 2013, <mask>'s time was 9:55'47. <mask> ran his marathon record, 3:11:24, in the 2014 Berlin Marathon. European Parliament (2004–2008)
<mask> served as an MEP for Finland from 2004 to 2008. He was elected in 2004 with 115,225 votes (the second highest number of votes in Finland for that election) as a member of the National Coalition Party.As that party was a member of the EPP, he sat in the European People's Party-European Democrats group. During this time he became one of the most well-known members of the Parliament. <mask> was a member of the Committee on Budgetary Control and a vice-president of the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection. He was a substitute member of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs and the Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee (as of August 2007). In 2006 he wrote a report for the Parliament on the EU's interpretation costs, which was adopted by the Parliament. He called for greater awareness of the costs of translation, which he calculated as 511 million euros in 2005 for the Parliament, Commission and Council together. Despite the costs and the need for some changes, he underlined that multilingualism is one of the EU's main assets.<mask> was Vice-President of European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights. Minister for Foreign Affairs (2008–2011)

On 1 April 2008, <mask>'s 40th birthday, the Finnish government announced that <mask> would be appointed as its new Minister for Foreign Affairs following a scandal surrounding his predecessor, Ilkka Kanerva. <mask> was sworn in on 4 April. The decision to appoint him was unanimous and his seat in the European Parliament was taken up by Sirpa Pietikäinen, a former environment minister. On his appointment, <mask> was described as a competent politician and a supporter of Finland's accession to NATO, stating that he does not understand Finland's non-alignment policy. In July 2010, <mask> invited the head of Al-Jazeera Wadah Khanfar and former President Martti Ahtisaari to discuss about the role of media in conflict resolution. In October 2010, <mask> visited the Middle East and discussed the Middle Eastern conflict with U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.In 2010 <mask> and Sweden's Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt proposed the European Institute of Peace. They developed a joint non-paper that was addressed to EU High Representative Catherine Ashton. They referred to the limits of traditional diplomacy and emphasised the added value that capacities beyond those available to high-level decision-makers could have. At the same time, the idea of a European Institute of Peace gained increasing attention among members of the European Parliament (MEP) and was particularly supported by German MEP Franziska Brantner and French MEP Alain Lamassoure. The institute was founded in 2014. In 2011 when <mask> was Foreign Minister, leaked diplomatic cables from the US embassy in Helsinki released by Wikileaks stated that Jori Arvonen, Senior Political Adviser to Foreign Minister <mask>, had predicted that the National Coalition Party would aspire to lead Finland to NATO during the next parliamentary term. Stubb brought attention to issues of disabled people.In 2010 <mask> and Finnish sign language rapper Signmark - who had become the first deaf person to sign a recording contract with an international record company - worked together to organize Silent Shout event to support sign language speakers. <mask> and Signmark also later collaborated for bringing attention to disabled people in international forums. <mask> does not believe the President of Finland needs to attend meetings of the European Council in addition to the Prime Minister. Jyrki Katainen, the Finnish Finance Minister and chairman of National Coalition Party, supported <mask> stating he was surprising, courageous and that he "puts a smile on one's face". As the Foreign Minister of Finland, <mask> was the Chairman-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe from 5 April 2008 to 31 December 2008. The Russo-Georgian War occurred during this period, and OSCE brokered an agreement to send military observers to the area. In January 2011 <mask> and EU Foreign Commissioner Catherine Ashton worked together to help hundreds of beaten and imprisoned opposition activists in Belarus.During the 2011 Egyptian revolution, <mask> expressed hope that power in Egypt will be transferred to a democratically elected government as fast as possible and without violence. Minister for European Affairs and Foreign Trade (2011–2014)

In 2011 <mask> stood for election to the Finnish Parliament for the first time and was elected MP. He was the second-most-popular candidate in the election, in which the National Coalition Party became the largest party. In the government negotiations the Foreign Affairs ministerial portfolio went to the Social Democrats. <mask> became Minister for Europe and Foreign Trade in Jyrki Katainen's cabinet. During Euromaidan, <mask> argued that money should be used as a force for good in geo-political relations, stating: "As I have said before, money is the best peace mediator“  and “Money should be given the Nobel Peace Prize”. (As Prime Minister he would later change his stance after further escalation in Eastern Ukraine, describing EU's sanctions against Russia necessary.)<mask> stated that the sanctions against Russia won't be removed until Russia has met the requirements set by the EU. Prime Minister (2014–2015)

When Jyrki Katainen stepped down as Prime Minister and Chairman of the National Coalition Party, <mask> was elected as party chairman in June 2014 over his two rivals, Paula Risikko and Jan Vapaavuori. He formed a five party government coalition, and was officially appointed Prime Minister by President Sauli Niinistö on 24 June. One of the challenges the new Prime Minister faced is the relationship between Finland and neighboring Russia. This has always been a difficult issue for Finland, as it affects Finland's willingness to become a NATO member. The recent crisis in Ukraine as well as the dispute over free trade between Russia and Finland has made the issue thornier. <mask> supported the proposal to implement basic income experiments in the country.In November 2014, <mask> organized Northern Future Forum, a meeting of Prime Ministers of Northern Europe, in Startup Sauna in Aalto University campus. In March 2015, <mask> invited companies and officials to an event to discuss industrial Internet and Internet of Things. In the election held in April 2015 Stubb's National Coalition Party lost its status as the largest party, coming in as second in vote share and third in seats. Coalition negotiations began on 8 May between the winning Center Party, Finns Party and National Coalition Party. He resigned from the office days after the election and left office on 29 May 2015. Minister of Finance (2015–2016)

<mask> was appointed Minister of Finance on 29 May 2015 by newly elected Prime Minister Juha Sipilä. <mask> has demanded "structural reforms, structural reforms and more structural reforms".In November 2015, <mask> said at the Finnish Parliament that about 90 percent of the Finnish authoritatives supported introduction of administrative registration. However, it was revealed that in reality only about 10 percent of them supported it. <mask>'s term as Minister of Finance drew criticism due to his perceived insensitivity towards the effects of the spending cuts he introduced, which affected the Finnish welfare state and public education system. An instance of <mask> and Sipilä bumping fists after the end of a conference that announced a deal between Finnish trade unions and the Confederation of Finnish Industries was interpreted as a sign of mockery towards the trade  unions. In November and December 2015, <mask> was in the middle of a scandal when he was accused of lying to Finnish Parliament consistently and deliberately. In November, <mask> had said to Parliament that 90 percent of the experts who had given a statement were supporting the government's pact to make it possible for Finns to own publicly listed companies' stock through nominee accounts. The real number was 10 percent, opposite of what <mask> had said.Chancellor of Justice Jaakko Jonkka received multiple complaints over Stubb. In his reply, Jonkka stated that <mask>'s mistake in numbers wasn't deliberate, but was rather an unfortunate, whilst understandable, result of a fast-paced discussion over a policy draft. Partly as a result of a series of <mask>'s gaffes, such as insensitive tweets, in spring 2016, MP Elina Lepomäki and Minister of Interior Petteri Orpo announced that they would challenge <mask> in June's party conference. On 11 June <mask> lost the election against Orpo, who became the new leader of the National Coalition Party. Orpo soon announced that he would take <mask>'s seat as the Minister of Finance. In return, he offered <mask> the role of Minister for European Affairs and Foreign Trade, but <mask> declined and decided to continue as a Member of Parliament. After politics
On 15 June 2017, <mask> was chosen as the Vice-President of the European Investment Bank, after the previous representative from Finland Jan Vapaavuori had vacated the seat.He left his duties in the Parliament on 30 July 2017 in order to assume his new position. <mask> later commented that he had no interest in returning to the Finnish politics, but could be interested in running for the presidency of the European Commission or European Council. In June 2017, <mask> was nominated by Martti Ahtisaari to assume the leadership of the Crisis Management Initiative, non-governmental organisation that works to prevent and resolve conflicts. His position was confirmed by the board on 29 November 2017. On 2 October 2018, <mask> launched his bid for presidency of the European Commission as the lead candidate of the European People's Party. On 8 November 2018, <mask> lost in EPP's Spitzenkandidat election against Manfred Weber, the group leader for the European People's Party in the European Parliament. In January 2020, as <mask>'s term at the European Investment Bank was ending, he was chosen as the Director and Professor of the School of Transnational Governance-based within the European University Institute in Florence, Italy.He will start in the position on 1 May 2020. Political views
<mask> is a proponent of deepening European integration. When he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2008, <mask> gave a speech in which he argued in favour of the EU taking an active role in international politics. He noted that while the EU is the world's largest economy, it is not a superpower but a regional soft power. When running for party leadership in 2014, he described himself as an "academic federalist", although "in practice a functionalist" with regard to the EU. <mask>, for example, opposes eurobonds. He also insisted that he is no longer the "pure federalist" that he used to be when he was a researcher.<mask> has expressed his support for Turkey's EU membership in 2010. He warned that Brexit could pose a "Lehman Brothers moment" that could lead to the collapse of the EU. <mask> believes Finland should apply for membership of NATO. <mask> is seen as a representative of the National Coalition Party's liberal wing. He has characterized himself as a "liberal" and "moderate liberal". <mask> wants to bring about a "more positive way of doing politics". He believes everyone should be appreciated and respected even when there are disagreements.He supports same-sex marriage and has been the patron of Helsinki's Pride parade. He supports multiculturalism and believes that increasing immigration is necessary. <mask> believes that the most important political divide in modern politics is that between the supporters (like himself) and opponents of globalisation. Other work
An active columnist, <mask> has stated that he has "always been of the opinion that matters must be discussed openly and honestly". Since his professorship at the College of Europe, <mask> has published 16 books, dozens of academic articles, and hundreds of columns. In 2016, <mask> started to write columns for the Financial Times. Stubb maintains a blog.He is also one of the most active Twitter users among European leaders. He has co-authored an e-book in Finnish about what to do on Twitter. His book Alaston totuus ja muita kirjoituksia suomalaisista ja eurooppalaisista – The Naked Truth and other stories about Finns and Europeans (), a collection of his columns for the Finnair in-flight magazine Blue Wings, was published in a bilingual Finnish–English edition by WSOY in 2009. <mask> has received the Schwarzkopf Foundation prize. Electoral history

European Parliament elections

Finland Parliamentary elections

Cabinets
 Stubb Cabinet

References

External links

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Minister for Foreign Affairs, <mask>

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1968 births
Living people
Politicians from Helsinki
Swedish-speaking Finns
National Coalition Party politicians
Prime Ministers of Finland
Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Finland
Ministers of Finance of Finland
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2011–15)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2015–19)
National Coalition Party MEPs
MEPs for Finland 2004–2009
Alumni of the London School of Economics
College of Europe alumni
College of Europe faculty
Furman University alumni
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class
Finnish professors

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Daniel McDevitt (born October 19, 1973), best known by his ring name <mask>, is a semi-retired American professional wrestler, trainer and promoter. His career spans over a decade working in numerous independent promotions throughout the United States including the American Wrestling Federation, Extreme Championship Wrestling, Cueball Carmichael's Independent Professional Wrestling Alliance, Doug Flex's International Pro Wrestling, Independent Superstars of Professional Wrestling, House of Pain Wrestling Federation / National Wrestling League, and the National Wrestling Alliance. He was a well-known "heel" in the mid-to late 1990s, especially in the Mid-Atlantic region as a top star in the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation, and engaged in feuds with Johnny Gunn, Axl Rotten, Stevie Richards and Adam Flash on the East Coast. He occasionally appeared in the World Wrestling Federation, as both an in-ring character and preliminary wrestler, during the "Attitude Era". In 1998, McDevitt and Mark "The Shark" Shrader, then owners of the "Bone Breakers Pro Wrestling Training Center" in Halethorpe, Maryland, left the MEWF to form Maryland Championship Wrestling starting a 5-year rivalry which would last until MCW's close in 2003. A graduate of the Baltimore Monster Factory, where he was trained by Axl and Ian Rotten, McDevitt's "Bone Breakers" students include WWE's Lita, Mickie James, Orlando Jordan and Florida Championship Wrestling star Calvin Raines. McDevitt reopened MCW in 2006 where he resumed his long-running feud with Adam Flash, and later, Zachary Shane.It was the latter feud which revolved around the real-life affair between Shane and McDevitt's now ex-wife Kim McDevitt. He gradually cut back his in-ring activity after 2008 but has continued to make on-camera appearances as MCW's owner. In recent years, he has become involved in more "behind-the-scenes" positions within the industry. In 2011, he was hired by the Urban Wrestling Federation as an agent and associate producer for its debut pay-per-view event. That same year, he also accepted a position as a guest columnist for the South Carolina newspaper Lexington Patch where he maintains a professional wrestling blog. Outside of pro wrestling, McDevitt maintains a successful career as a Baltimore-area real estate agent. Career

Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation (1993–1996)
Dan McDevitt was born and raised in Catonsville, Maryland.A wrestling fan since age 10, he decided to become a professional wrestler after graduating high school. He was trained by Axl and Ian Rotten at the Baltimore Monster Factory and made his pro debut on November 14, 1993. Within a year, he was wrestling full-time for Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation under the name "The Comet" (and later "The Ultimate Comet"). On May 11, 1994, in his hometown of Catonsville, McDevitt teamed with Road Warrior Hawk to win the MEWF Tag Team Championship from The Hollywood Hunks (Lucifer and "Hollywood" Bob Starr). The following night, he defeated Joe Thunder for the MEWF Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship in Hampstead, Maryland. It was around this time that he began wrestling as "<mask> Punishment" and won the MEWF Heavyweight Championship from Mad Dog O'Malley in Baltimore on March 26, 1995; he won the title after O'Malley had put out an open challenge to the MEWF locker room. It was also during the year that branched out to other promotions in the region.In 1995 alone, he wrestled Morgus the Maniac in the National Wrestling League, the Cuban Assassin in NWA New Jersey, and Doink the Clown (portrayed by Gino Caruso) at a National Wrestling Alliance show for Dennis Coraluzzo at the Rutgers Campus. McDevitt held both titles for over a month before dropping the Mid-Atlantic belt to Raven, helped by his valet Isis, in Essex on April 23. He eventually gained his revenge for the loss by interfering in a title defense between Raven and Chad Austin on October 1, 1995, costing Raven to lose the belt; He regained the Mid-Atlantic title from Austin, beating him for the championship a month later, before the title was vacated. McDevitt lost the heavyweight championship to Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart at that same event, however, he won it back from Neidhart in Catonsville on November 10, 1995. His loss to Joe Thunder less than a month later ended his second title reign. He had one more final run as MEWF Mid-Atlantic Champion after defeating Johnny Gunn for the vacant title on February 26, 1996; he and Gunn feuded in other East Coast promotions during this time such as Wild Organization of Wrestling in Martinsburg, West Virginia. He successfully defended the title against Ricky Blues, among others, and in a three-way dance involving Axl Rotten and Johnny Gunn before losing the title to Joe Thunder in Baltimore on June 2.His third and final reign as MEWF Heavyweight Champion lasted less than a day following his victory of Johnny Gunn in Essex on June 30, 1996, losing the belt immediately after to Axl Rotten in a steel cage match. The title initially switched hands in a tag team match pitting himself and Rotten against Johnny Gunn and Joe Thunder. McDevitt was then challenged by his tag team partner who defeated him for the title. Over the summer, McDevitt formed a tag team with Axl Rotten and together defeated Darkside (Glen Osbourne & Rockin' Rebel) in Catonsville on August 16. He lost the titles while teaming with Headbanger Mosh, who was substituting for Rotten, against Menace 2 Society (Adam Flash and Nick Tarantino) in Baltimore on September 13, 1996. McDevitt would both feud and team with his former trainer throughout his career. Extreme Championship Wrestling (1997)
In early-1997, McDevitt began wrestling for Philadelphia's Extreme Championship Wrestling.He made his debut for the promotion wrestling Spike Dudley in back-to-back appearances in Hamburg and Downingtown, Pennsylvania from February 8–9, 1997. On March 1, at an ECW house show held in Scranton, McDevitt wrestled Sabu at the Catholic Youth Center in front of 1,590 fans. The following night, this time for an MEWF event, he faced Big Stevie Cool of The Blue World Order in Baltimore. He similarly faced Chris Candido in his home promotion several days later and, a few years afterwards met Candido again in Doug Flex's International Pro Wrestling. Over the next few months, he would appear on ECW Hardcore TV and numerous live events against ECW stars such as Pitbull #2, Balls Mahoney, Taz, and Tommy Dreamer, He also both wrestled and teamed with his one-time rival Axl Rotten facing then NWA United States Tag Team Champions The Lost Boys (Yar and Wolf) and The Gangstas (New Jack & Mustafa) that spring. Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation (1997–1998)
McDevitt continued to face ECW stars even after his eventual return to the MEWF. In March 1997, Miss Patricia became McDevitt's manager.On June 1, 1997, he wrestled a four-way match in Dundalk, Maryland against Axl Rotten, New Jack, and The Sandman. He soon began tagging with Mark "The Shark" Shrader and, on July 17, 1997, they defeated MEWF Tag Team Champions The Wiseguys (Steve Corino and Jimmy Cicero) for the titles but lost them back to The Wiseguys the next month. The team made one more attempt to recapture the tag team titles, in a three-way dance with the champions on October 23, 1997, but both teams ended up losing to the Badstreet Boys (Joey Matthews and Christian York). Weeks later, McDevitt wrestled Salvatore Sincere for the vacant MEWF Heavyweight Championship in Keyser, West Virginia but failed to defeat the WWF superstar; the match was not billed as a heavyweight title bout. By the late-1990s, McDevitt had established himself as a "rough and tough rulebreaker" on East Coast independents, and later, throughout the continental United States. His in-ring persona, as the facepaint-clad "Corporal Punishment", was portrayed as having "little regard for warnings, fines, or possible suspensions" and, in fact, was "threatened" with being banned from several promotions. Among the different organizations he competed for included Cueball Carmichael's Independent Professional Wrestling Alliance where, in early 1998, he wrestled Adam Flash in Alexandria, Virginia.He would return to the IPWA the following year, facing Tom Brandi in Chincoteague Island, Virginia for the vacant IPWA Heavyweight Championship, as well as making an appearance for Tommy Fierro's Independent Superstars of Professional Wrestling He would also feud with another "Corporal Punishment" while in Doug Flex's International Pro Wrestling. McDevitt was among the top independent wrestlers later featured on Smart Mark Video's "The Indies" Best of 1997–2000. Maryland Championship Wrestling (1998–2003)
In the spring of 1998, McDevitt and then partner Mark Shrader decided to leave the MEWF following unresolved creative control and salary disagreements with the promotion's management. He and Shrader had started their own wrestling school, the "Bone Breakers Pro Wrestling Training Center" in Halethorpe, Maryland, the previous year and, with the encouragement of other indy wrestlers, decided open Maryland Championship Wrestling as an extension of the "Bone Breakers" facility. Among its most prominent students were Orlando Jordan and Florida Championship Wrestling star Calvin Raines; WWE's Mickie James and Lita would also train at the facility. Over half the active MEWF roster jumped to their new promotion, including its then booker Axl Rotten, and, on July 19, 1998, MCW's first show was held at Baltimore's Patapsco Arena and attended by nearly 1,200 fans. The event featured manager Jim Cornette, Little Guido, Balls Mahoney, Jerry Lynn, Crowbar, and The Headbangers.The show's success and broke the longstanding monopoly over Maryland pro wrestling by the MEWF and would eventually lead to MCW becoming the top promotion in the region. As "Corporal Punishment", McDevitt was involved in two major events in the promotions history. On August 16, he and Axl Rotten joined The Headbangers (Mosh & Thrasher) in an 8-man tag team match against Jimmy Cicero, Julio Sanchez and The Pitbulls (Pitbull #1 and Pitbull #2) to crown the first MCW Tag Team Champions, which The Headbangers won. Two months later, he entered a championship tournament for the MCW Heavyweight Championship and advanced to the finals where he lost to Romeo Valentino. Near the end of the year, while competing for Unified Championship Wrestling in Alabama and Louisiana, he beat Stevie Richards for the promotion's heavyweight title in Bayou La Batre, Alabama. This would set off a short-lived but intense feud between the two men which would continue in MCW. McDevitt and Shrader used their connections to continue bringing in then current stars from World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation, such as McDevitt's long-time friendship with Cornette, as well as ECW talent, via Axl Rotten, which had formerly appeared for the MEWF.Over the next year, veterans such as Ricky Steamboat, Ricky Morton, Bobby Eaton, Tito Santana, The Iron Sheik, Sherri Martel, The Road Warriors, King Kong Bundy, and Jerry "The King" Lawler appeared on MCW shows. One of their most successful shows, however, was headlined by TV celebrity Steve Wilkos of the Jerry Springer Show set a new attendance record for MCW's home arena, Michael's Eighth Avenue ballroom, with nearly 2,000 fans. MCW would go on to produce over 100 events featuring some of the top independent wrestlers in the country during the next five years. By 1999, he had switched from a primarily singles competitor to a tag team wrestler. During the year, he would form notable teams with Terry Funk, The Iron Sheik, Axl Rotten, and the Headbangers. The running of MCW, particularly during its first few years, took up much

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 of McDevitt's time and saw far less of him as an active wrestler. Despite this, he was voted "Most Hated Wrestler of the Year" by its fans that year.On July 19, 2000, he entered the 2nd annual Shane Shamrock Memorial Cup but was eliminated by Chip Bowman in the opening rounds. In October 2000, McDevitt appeared before the Maryland State Athletic Commission, then attempting to shut down backyard wrestling in the state, claimed to be aware of "at least 20 unsanctioned backyard-type federations statewide". On July 18, 2001, at MCW's 3rd annual Shane Shamrock Memorial Cup, McDevitt joined Jimmy Cicero and Kelly Bell in a 6-man tag team match against Brian Christopher, Adam Flash, and The Bruiser. He later faced The Bruiser in an "I Quit" match at the Ft. Meade Army Base on September 15, 2001. A later meeting between the two was featured by RF Video's "Best of the Bloody Indy Matches, Vol. 1". When MEWF veteran Dave Casanova died following a heart attack on March 1, 2002, then MEWF promoter Donna Burke began organizing a memorial show in his honor.Out of friendship for their late friend, McDevitt and Shrader agreed to the MCW's participation as an interpromotional event. The Casanova memorial show marked was the first time that wrestlers from either promotion appeared in the same ring together since the 1997 split. It was around this time that former "Bone Breakers" student Derek Wayne began heavily investing in the MEWF and became a third co-owner. Wayne was able to broker a deal between McDevitt and MEWF owner Tim Burke to begin working together. Starting in October 2002, a storyline invasion took place between the two companies for the next seven months. It received a somewhat mixed reaction from fans and was brought to an end with MCW's close the following summer. The promotion held its final show, "The Last Dance: Shane Shamrock Memorial Cup", on July 16, 2003 at Michael's Eighth Avenue ballroom, in which over 1,000 fans were in attendance.At the event, it was announced that MCW would be "merging" the MEWF. He and Jeff Jones subsequently served as bookers for the promotion, however, McDevitt left after only a few months. On October 16, 2003, shortly after MCW's close, McDevitt appeared for Ring of Honor's debut show at Michael's Eighth Avenue where he endorsed the promotion and announced ROH would continue holding MCW's Shane Shamrock Memorial Cup. Independent circuit and semi-retirement (2003–2006)
Following the close of MCW, McDevitt decided to limit his involvement in pro wrestling to concentrate on starting his career as a real estate agent. His decision was partially motivated by his then recent engagement to Kimerly, better known as MCW valet "Candie". He did, however, continue to hold occasional events at Fort Meade under the "Fort Meade Wrestling" banner. It was at one of these events, in October 2005, that McDevitt had Adam Flash removed from the facility by military police.McDevitt would often use this venue during the MCW years as the Maryland State Athletic Commission, which issued heavy fines for hardcore wrestling, had no jurisdiction on federal property. In April 2005, after a three-year engagement, McDevitt and Payne were married at the old MCW Arena, Michael's Eighth Avenue, in Glen Burnie, Maryland. It was a wrestling-themed wedding with the ceremony taking place inside of a wrestling ring and the priest dressed as a referee. The wedding gained particular notoriety for the appearance of The Iron Sheik, who was among the many wrestling personalities in attendance, by causing a disruption during the Best man's speech to the couple. McDevitt described the incident years later in an interview with Christopher Porter of ExpressNightOut.com:

McDevitt later discussed this event in a "Q&A" session with the Sheik and other MCW wrestlers at the 2008 Shane Shamrock Cup. He was also active in the internet wrestling community giving his support to OnlineWorldofWrestling.com   and later published an article for Pro Wrestling Insider (and Pro Wrestling Between The Sheets) in which he criticized several "egotistical" wrestlers during his years promoting MCW. Maryland Championship Wrestling (2006–2009)
After a two-year absence, McDevitt publicly announced his decision to reopen Maryland Championship Wrestling.MCW's return show, "The Resurrection", took place on February 26, 2006, at the "new" MCW Arena at Northpoint in Dundalk, Maryland. McDevitt did not wrestle on the card but instead appeared as himself in the role of MCW's owner and formerly introduced Tara as the new MCW Commissioner. Return of Cpl. Punishment
Within a month, however, McDevitt would return to the ring in a long-running feud between himself and Adam Flash. It began at MCW's second show when a "fan" jumped the guardrail while McDevitt was informing the audience of the promotion's upcoming shows. This fan was later revealed to be Flash and was escorted from the building by security while McDevitt had to be carried to the back. Their confrontations referenced alleged real-life animosity between the two in what was essentially a "worked shoot".Flash returned to MCW at Shamrock Cup VI and provoked McDevitt into a fight after attacking his then wife Kim McDevitt. The brawl ended up having the entire MCW locker room enter the ring to pull the two men apart and was eventually stopped by the State Athletic Commission for excessive violence. Flash defeated Julio Dinero later on in the event and used a loophole in the pre-match stipulation to win the MEWF Heavyweight Championship. On July 22, the two finally met at MCW's "Red, White, Black & Bruised" in a "fans bring the weapons" street fight at the Fort Meade Pavilion. While TNA's Sonjay Dutt, Monty Brown and Christian Cage were billed as the main attractions, the match between McDevitt and Flash was considered the highlight of the show with all "the blood & violence that wrestling in Fort Meade Pavilion can provide". Their match include the use of a miniature beer keg as well as thumbtacks, barbed wire and a flaming table. The MEWF Beavyweight Championship was also on the line, however, outside interference from DJ Hyde & JD Michaels would cause him to lose the match.On September 10, McDevitt wrestled Hyde and Michaels in a grudge match at MCW's "Tribute to the Legends". He was originally scheduled to have a mystery partner, however, this was changed to t 6-man tag team match with Headbanger Mosh and Orlando Jordan versus Bad Boy Luke, DJ Hyde, and JD Michaels. McDevitt continued his feud with Flash facing him in tag team match with Christian York at "Monster Mash" on October 29, 2006, and The Dudley Boyz a month later. Feud with Kim McDevitt and Zachary Shane
During the first few months of MCW's revival, Dan and Kim McDevitt began to experience trouble in their marriage, amid rumors of an extramarital affair with a fellow wrestler, with the two separating during the summer of 2006 and ultimately divorcing after only 10 months as a married couple. McDevitt later released a lengthy "shoot" video on YouTube discussing the circumstances of his divorce and Kim's confession to an affair with Zachary Shane. Both Kim and Shane would subsequently leave the promotion. McDevitt also withdrew from the day-to-day running of the company for a time.It was during this period that the "heel" stable Creative Control (Tom Brandi, The Bruiser, and Jimmy Cicero) gained a degree of creative control over the promotion, its leader Tom Brandi being allowed to dictate his own matches, would often be a source of trouble for the MCW promoter. At "Aggravated Assault", on April 21, 2007, McDevitt ordered Adam Flash to defend his title against Test due to Creative Control's interference at an MCW show a month earlier. On the May 7 "Xtreme Measures II" supercard, Creative Control continually disrupted the show. They overturned Danny Doring's title victory over Adam Flash and introduced McDevitt's ex-wife Kim Payne and Zachary Shane in their official return to MCW. Their appearance caused McDevitt to "leave the building in disgust". That spring, McDevitt also made an appearance as "Corporal Punishment" at a fundraiser for the American Wrestling Federation in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania. He and his manager Judd The Stud "stole" the fundraiser money earlier in the show but were forced to return the donations after wrestling WWF legend King Kong Bundy.<mask> also appeared for a National Wrestling League show at South Hagerstown High School where he wrestled former amateur wrestler "Cocky" Rocky DiCola in his first professional wrestling match. DiCola scored a pinfall over the veteran wrestler after DiCola's high school wrestling coach Ralph Stottlemyer slammed a briefcase over McDervitt's head. Back in MCW, McDevitt reappeared at the 2007 Shane Shamrock Cup where he led a tribute to the late Shane Shamrock prior to the main event. Earlier, when Joey Matthews was attacked by Creative Control prior to his match against Adam Flash, McDevitt brought in Danny Doring as a replacement; after Doring's defeat, Matthews returned to defeat Flash for the title. His feud between Kim McDevitt and Zachary Shane continued for almost the entire year as the two always managing to escape defeat with the help of Creative Control. He and Shane finally met at MCW "Holiday Homecoming", on December 26, 2007, in an 8th Avenue Street Fight. The venue was where Dan and Kim McDevitt were originally married less than three years ago.Alliance with Adam Flash
Another confrontation with Creative Control on April 5, 2008, at "MCW Breaking Balls & Besting Heads". A match between Adam Flash and Christian York, initially ending in a disqualification, turned into a 10-man brawl involving McDevitt and several others who came to help Flash, who has since left Creative Control, against his former stablemates. Sabu was also scheduled to headline the card, however, McDevitt claimed that the former ECW star was "having problems with his personal demons". McDevitt spent the rest of 2008 teaming with former enemy Adam Flash. MCW's "Xtreme Measures III" saw the two in an 8-man tag team match with Danny Doring and Balls Mahoney against The Bruiser, Zachary Shane, and the Badstreet Boys (Joey Matthews and Christian York). This was originally to be an intergender tag team match with Tom Brandi and Kim McDevitt but it was later cancelled. On July 19, 2008, he and Adam Flash wrestled The Ghetto Mafia (2-Dope and Sydeswype) on the second night of the 8th annual Shane Shamrock Memorial Cup.McDevitt participated in a "Q&A" session at the event with several MCW alumni, including Zachary Shane, and The Iron Sheik where he discussed the incident caused by the Sheik at his wedding. His last major appearance as "<mask> Punishment" was at MCW's "Summer Heat" supercard where he teamed with Adam Flash and Kevin Nash against The Bruiser and The Ghetto Mafia on April 23, 2008. McDevitt later claimed that he "couldn't walk right for a week" following the match. A year later, McDevitt was interviewed by ExpressNightOut.com briefly discussing his early career, his divorce with Kim Payne, experiences as an independent wrestling promoter, and his personal life as a real estate agent. It was also during that interview, while promoting MCW's upcoming anniversary show, that he confirmed that was no longer an active wrestler due to nagging injuries suffered during his career. Recent years (2009–present)
Since 2009, McDevitt has mainly been involved with MCW as a full-time promoter though he continues to make on-camera appearances as MCW's co-owner. He has also been employed in executive positions within the wrestling industry.In 2011, he was hired by the Urban Wrestling Federation as an agent and associate producer for its debut pay-per-view


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<mask> (born 18 September 1958) is a West Indian former cricketer. Domestic career
<mask> gradually established himself as a bowler, taking 5–42 against Trinidad and Tobago in the 1981/82 Shell Shield, and he was signed by Glamorgan for the 1982 English season to replace the injured Ezra Moseley. Despite sending down rather too many no-balls at times, <mask> finished the season with 42 first-class wickets and was retained for the following season. Returning to Glamorgan after World Cup, <mask> had another successful season, taking 52 wickets at 26.71 from 15 first-class matches, including three five-wicket innings hauls. 1984 was a successful season for <mask>: he took 62 first-class wickets at 27.82 apiece and was unlucky not to be retained by Glamorgan for the following season; they decided instead to employ a certain Javed Miandad. In 1985/86 <mask> played Sheffield Shield cricket in Australia for Tasmania with moderate success. In 1987 he returned to English county cricket with Northamptonshire.For three years he found considerable success, taking a total of 195 wickets at 25.46; his career-best first-class bowling figures of 7-52 came in 1988 in the first innings of the County Championship game against Sussex – noteworthy also for the fact that <mask> and David Capel (3-59) bowled unchanged throughout the 32.5 overs of that innings. <mask> endured a final, less than happy, season with Northamptonshire in 1990: he averaged above 60 with the ball in both first-class and one-day cricket, and went for more than five an over in the latter form of the game. His final bowling spell for his county, in the Championship game against Essex, was a disastrous 5-0-37-0 as Graham Gooch and John Stephenson ran riot. With that, <mask> bowed out of county cricket for good, and in 1990/91 he went to play for Wellington in New Zealand. It proved a shrewd choice as <mask> took 20 first-class wickets at 19.50 in just five matches. After that, there were a couple of exhibition matches against his old county of Glamorgan in 1991, and 54 not out for a World XI against the West Indians at Scarborough, before he returned to the Caribbean for three final domestic games. He did little in any of them, and retired from cricket.International career

Early days
<mask> played his first representative match for West Indies Young Cricketers against their English counterparts at Port-of-Spain in August 1976, making an immediate impact by taking 4–35 in his first innings, including the wickets of future Test cricketers David Gower, Mike Gatting and Paul Downton. In 1978 he went to England for the return matches, but it was not until 1979/80 that he made his first-class debut, for Windward Islands against Leeward Islands at St John's. In the meantime in 1982, he had made his Test and One Day International debuts for in the 1982/83 series against India, his first wicket in Test cricket being that of Mohinder Amarnath. Success
In 1983 <mask> was selected for West Indies' World Cup squad, and when brought into the side for the second group match against Australia at Headingley, immediately hit the headlines by taking 7-51, at the time a world record return in ODIs. He was retained for the other four group matches, but took only one more wicket in total and was not selected for the semi-final or final – perhaps unsurprising when one considers that players of the calibre of Marshall, Garner, Holding and Roberts were all in West Indies' squad for the tournament. He played in all six Tests in India that winter, taking 14 wickets, but when Australia visited the West Indies in the spring of 1984, <mask> was selected for only one Test and one ODI, and despite his experience of English conditions he was at first left out of the party to play England that summer, although when Milton Small was ruled out by a knee injury part-way through the series <mask> was drafted into the squad. He played in the fourth Test at Old Trafford, and though he was not particularly effectual with the ball beyond managing to fracture Paul Terry's ulna he did score 77, his highest first-class innings, coming in as nightwatchman on the first day.In 1984/85 <mask> performed well on home soil after being selected for the last two Tests of the four-game series against New Zealand, taking 10 wickets at 18.80 including a career-best 4–19 at Kingston, and took part in no less than 15 ODIs in Australia. Late career
In 1986, <mask> had fallen away from the Test side as West Indies' fast-bowling production line continued to churn out high-quality pacemen. During success in 1987 county tournament, he was recalled to international duties for one last time in India in 1987/88, taking 13 wickets at exactly 30 in four Tests but only three in his three ODIs, and captained the Windward Islands team in the same season. Beyond cricket
In 1998 <mask>, a committed Christian, was left a tetraplegic after suffering spinal injuries as a result of a fall from a tree in St Vincent suffered whilst helping clear land for a new church. He was flown to England for treatment unavailable on the island, and now lives in Worcestershire, England. He has appeared in a film, Because of You, made by Worcestershire County Council's Social Services department; he said of this film, "People with a disability can often be seen as just takers and so for me, starring in this film gave me the opportunity to give something back to the community". Several benefit matches have been held with the object of raising money to help him live a more comfortable life, and have featured a number of high-profile cricketers: in 2005 a Lashings Cricket Club side beat a <mask> XI by 87 runs in a match graced by such names as Chris Cairns, V. V. S. Laxman and Alvin Kallicharran.References

External links

 A glittering affair – Because of you..

1958 births
Living people
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers
Northamptonshire cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Wellington cricketers
West Indies One Day International cricketers
West Indies Test cricketers
People from Kingstown
People with tetraplegia
Cricketers at the 1983 Cricket World Cup
Windward Islands cricketers
Combined Islands cricketers

masks:
Winston Walter Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Winston Davis


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<mask> (also Abraham; ; March 8, 1887 – 15 February 1964) was an Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva of the Mir yeshiva in Brooklyn, New York from 1946 to 1964. Born in Belarus, he served as Rav of several Eastern European Jewish communities and escaped to the United States in 1940 following the German occupation of Poland. In the U.S. he became a tireless rescue activist on behalf of the millions of Jews trapped in Nazi Europe and in the Soviet Union. He is credited with the successful transfer of the entire Mir yeshiva from Lithuania to Shanghai, providing for its support for five years, and obtaining visas and travel fare to bring all 250 students and faculty to America after World War II. He established the U.S. branch of the Mir in 1946. In the 1950s he aided North African and Syrian Jewish youth suffering from persecution and pogroms, and successfully lobbied for the passage of a bill granting "endangered refugee status" to Jewish emigrants from Arab lands. Early life and education
He was born in the shtetl of Delyatichi (Dzialiacičy), Minsk province, Belarus, to Rabbi Aharon Aryeh Leib and Maita Kalmanowitz.His father was a Talmid Chacham and Rav of several European Jewish communities. His father exerted a major influence on his education. He studied at the Telshe yeshiva in Lithuania, and at age 16 entered the Eishishok yeshiva headed by Rabbi Zundel Hutner. At age 18, he progressed to the Slabodka yeshiva, where the Alter of Slabodka, Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel, arranged for him to learn in chavrusa with his own son, Rabbi Moshe Finkel. Kalmanowitz received rabbinic ordination from Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein of Slabodka, Rabbi Raphael Shapiro of Volozhin, Rabbi Eliezer Rabinowitz of Minsk, and Rabbi Eliyahu Baruch Kamai of the Mir. Entering the rabbinate

In 1913, Kalmanowitz married Rochel the granddaughter of Rabbi Betzalel Hakohen, a dayan (rabbinical court judge) in Vilna and author of the Talmudic commentary Mareh Kohen, which appears in all printed editions of the Talmud. His wife's other grandfather, Rabbi Avraham Moshe, was a former Rav of the town of Rakaŭ on the Polish-Russian border; that community asked Kalmanowitz to serve as its Rav in 1913.In 1916 Kalmanowitz founded a Talmud Torah in Rakaŭ and, in 1918, a yeshiva. Kalmanowitz became a central rabbinic figure and communal leader, working on behalf of refugees and Jews in difficult straits. In 1914, when Rakaŭ was flooded with thousands of refugees fleeing Russia with the outbreak of World War I, <mask> founded a rescue organization that furnished food and clothing. During the Bolshevik Revolution, he aided Jews arrested by the Bolsheviks and was subsequently arrested and imprisoned in Minsk. Later he assisted Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski in the running of the latter's Vaad Hayeshivos, which provided financial aid and support to European yeshivas and their students. In 1928 <mask> helped Grodzinski found a kollel in Vilna called Ateret Zvi, and served as rosh kollel (dean) for its first year of operation. Afterwards he helped move it to Otvosk, where it operated until 1934.In 1926, <mask> was elected honorary president of the Mir yeshiva and began fund-raising for this institution in the United States. During the 1930s, he applied for and received U.S. citizenship and a passport. In 1929, he accepted the position of Rav and av beis din (head of the rabbinical court) of Tykocin (Tiktin), and established a yeshiva in that town. He was also a member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah (Council of Torah Sages) of the World Agudath Israel. He was forced to flee Tiktin for Bialystok after stopping a pogrom planned by local anti-Semitic elements, who slandered him to the local authorities. Holocaust activism
With the outbreak of World War II, Kalmanowitz fled to Vilna along with thousands of other rabbis and yeshiva students. With the blessing of Rabbi Grodzinski, he used his U.S. passport to travel to New York via Sweden, arriving in April 1940.He immediately plunged into rescue work on behalf of the rabbis, rosh yeshivas, and yeshiva students still in Europe, calling on rabbinical and political contacts which he had established previously. In the winter of 1940 Kalmanowitz joined the Vaad Hatzalah (Rescue Committee) headed by Rabbi Eliezer Silver, and became a key figure in that organization. He was known as a tireless agent for rescue, bombarding government officials with letters and telegrams pleading for help for all Jews trapped in Nazi Europe as well as for those stranded in the Soviet Union. Even before the U.S. government approved the legality of sending "free currency" (i.e., Swiss francs) into enemy-occupied territory for the purpose of supporting penniless refugees, Kalmanowitz sent money overseas, "ignoring illegalities and FBI threats of arrest". Kalmanowitz openly worked on the Shabbat on several occasions in the name of pikuach nefesh (the Jewish principle of saving lives) by fund-raising in synagogues, filling out forms, and riding in taxis to government and institutional offices on Shabbat to obtain approvals and funds. The tall, regal-looking rabbi often broke down in tears and even fainted from emotion in front of government officials as he pleaded his cause. He successfully gained the support of U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr. after crying uncontrollably in Morgenthau's office; Morgenthau helped him gain access to State Department officials.As Joseph J. Schwartz, chairman of the Joint's European Executive Council, told an interviewer, "There was a rabbi [Kalmanowitz] with a long white beard, who, when he cried, even the State Department listened". Kalmanowitz was one of the 350 rabbis who participated in the 1943 Rabbis March on Washington. In the years following the war, Rabbi Kalmanowitz joined Simon Wiesenthal and others in an effort to try and track down Nazi official Adolf Eichman, who was hiding in South America. Saving the Mir yeshiva

Kalmanowitz is credited with securing the funds and papers to transfer the entire Mir yeshiva – consisting of 250 students, faculty members, and the yeshiva's entire library of sefarim – to Kobe, Japan in 1941 and from there to Shanghai, and providing for its upkeep for five years. Thanks to the money Kalmanowitz sent, Mir students were able to board with Jewish families and eat a nourishing Shabbat meal most of the time – privileges that other refugee students in Shanghai did not enjoy. In addition to money, Kalmanowitz sent matzos and wine for Passover, and hundreds of copies of Talmudic tractates so the students could continue studying without interruption. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the U.S. declared war on Japan, the Joint was prohibited from sending money to the yeshiva students in Shanghai.But Kalmanowitz established new contacts and influenced U.S. government officials to tacitly approve the sending of funds from the U.S. to Japan via neutral Switzerland. At war's end, Kalmanowitz obtained visas and travel fare to bring all the Mir students and faculty by ship to San Francisco and by train to New York; the last Mir refugee left Shanghai in 1948. In 1946, Kalmanowitz established a new branch of the Mir yeshiva in New York City with the help of Rabbi Yechezkel Kahane, father of Rabbi Meir Kahane. The yeshiva was first established in temporary quarters in Far Rockaway and Brownsville, and then in a permanent home in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, where it thrives to this day. Rescue work in North Africa
In the late 1940s and 1950s, Kalmanowitz inundated government, United Nations, and church officials with appeals to stop persecutions and pogroms against Jews in Egypt and Syria that eventually resulted in the dissolution of those communities. His efforts led to the passage of a bill according "endangered refugee status" to Jews in Arab lands, paving the way for their immigration to the United States. Kalmanowitz worked onsite to strengthen traditional Torah education among North African Jewish youth.Together with the leaders of Jewish communities in Morocco and Tunisia, he helped found the Otzar HaTorah educational network, which established 28 yeshivas and 20 Talmud Torahs, as well as girls schools, in those countries in 1947 and 1948. <mask> also devised and pushed through a plan granting student visas to the Mir yeshiva in Brooklyn for North African Jewish teens and opened special sections in the yeshiva for them, even though the yeshiva's financial situation was dire. A group of 13 boys arrived from Morocco in 1948, but most left the yeshivah to find jobs. One of those who remained was <mask> Portal, a native of Marrakech, who returned to Morocco in 1953 so he could apply for permanent residency status in the United States and in the meantime became the educational supervisor for the Otzar HaTorah network in the French region of Morocco. Portal returned to the Mir in 1956 with a hand-picked group of 15 boys and taught them in a separate program that became the Mir's first high school class. Another beneficiary of Kalmanowitz's largesse was Rabbi David Rebibo, a Moroccan-born student in France who used the student visa Kalmanowitz sent him to come study at the Mir in 1953. Afterwards Kalmanowitz helped Rebibo find his first teaching job.Rebibo has been dean of the Phoenix Hebrew Academy and senior rabbi of Beth Jacob Congregation in Phoenix, Arizona, since 1965. Death and legacy

During a fund-raising trip to Florida in 1964, Kalmanowitz suffered a heart attack and died in Miami Beach on 15 February 1964 (2 Adar 5724) at the age of 73. He was eulogized in large funerals in front of the Mir yeshivas in New York and Jerusalem, and afterwards buried in the Sanhedria Cemetery in Jerusalem near the grave of his father, who had died in 1948. His eldest son, Rabbi Shraga Moshe <mask> (1918-1998), and his sons-in-law, Rabbi Shmuel Berenbaum, and Rabbi <mask> Yaakov Nelkenbaum succeeded him as roshei yeshiva of the Mir yeshiva in Brooklyn. References

1887 births
1964 deaths
20th-century rabbis
American Haredi rabbis
Belarusian Haredi rabbis
Lithuanian Haredi rabbis
Mir rosh yeshivas
Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah
Orthodox rabbis from New York City
People from Brooklyn
People from Tykocin
The Holocaust and the United States

masks:
Avraham Kalmanowitz
Kalmanowitz
Kalmanowitz
Kalmanowitz
Kalmanowitz
Avraham
Kalmanowitz
Avraham


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Dame <mask> DBE (28 July 190830 August 1986) was an Australian politician and diplomat. She was the first woman from Queensland elected to parliament, the first woman federal departmental minister, and the first Australian woman to be appointed head of a foreign mission. <mask> was born in Brisbane, the daughter of state MP <mask>. A member of the Liberal Party, she was elected to the Senate at the 1946 federal election, taking her seat the following year. She was the second woman elected to the Senate, after Dorothy Tangney. Rankin was the Liberal Party's chief whip from 1947 to 1950 and from 1951 to 1966; she remains the longest-serving whip in the party's history, in either chamber of parliament. In 1966, she was made Minister for Housing in the Holt Government, becoming the first woman to hold a ministerial portfolio.She held that position until her retirement from politics in 1971. As High Commissioner to New Zealand from 1971 to 1974, she was the first woman to head an Australian mission overseas. Early life

<mask> was born on 28 July 1908 in South Brisbane, Queensland. She was the older of two daughters born to <mask> <mask> (née Thomson) and Colin Dunlop <mask>. Her father, born in Scotland, was a sugar grower and Boer War veteran who served in the Queensland Legislative Assembly (1905–1918). Rankin grew up on her father's sugarcane farm on the Isis River near the small town of Childers. In 1919, her father replaced his deceased brother as managing director of Queensland Collieries Company, necessitating a move to Howard.The family lived in Brooklyn House, which is now heritage-listed. Rankin attended the local state schools in Childers and Howard before completing her education as a boarder at the Glennie Memorial School in Toowoomba. As an unmarried woman from a wealthy family, Rankin was not expected to enter the workforce. She involved herself in various community organisations, teaching Sunday school and founding a local unit of the Girl Guides. She was encouraged by her father to travel overseas, visiting China and Japan soon after leaving school. She visited Europe in 1936, working in the slums of London and with refugees from the Spanish Civil War; while in Gibraltar she witnessed the bombing of La Línea de la Concepción. After her father's death in 1940, Rankin began working as a clerk for the Union Trustee Company of Australia.She was the commandant of a Brisbane-based Voluntary Aid Detachment during the war. She was also state secretary of the Girl Guides in 1942 and assistant state commissioner of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) the following year. She was responsible for the organisation's work around the welfare of servicewomen, in which capacity she travelled to military bases in North Queensland. In 1946, she was offered a position in Greece with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, but declined in order to enter politics in Australia. Politics

In July 1946, Rankin won preselection for the Senate on the ticket of the Queensland People's Party, the contemporary state affiliate of the Liberal Party. Her selection ended the political career of Senate veteran Harry Foll. Rankin's first campaign speech in Maryborough reportedly "attracted one of the largest crowds ever to attend a political meeting in that town, the number including almost twice as many women as men".At the 1946 federal election she was elected to a term beginning in July 1947. She was the first Queensland woman elected to federal parliament, the second woman elected to the Senate after Dorothy Tangney, and the second woman from the Liberal Party elected to federal parliament after Enid Lyons. Due to consecutive landslide defeats and the block voting system in use at the time, the Coalition between the Liberal Party and Country Party was left with only three senators after the 1946 election, all from Queensland. <mask> became the Opposition Whip, the first woman to serve as a whip in federal parliament, while her colleague Walter Cooper became Leader of the Opposition in the Senate with Neil O'Sullivan as his deputy. As Opposition Senate Whip, Senator <mask> did not perform the task of this position as the Senate Whip is responsible for ensuring that Senators from her ranks toe the party line. This responsibility was non-existent to her as there were only three Opposition Senators at the time with these Senators comprising her, Opposition Senate leader Senator Cooper and his deputy Senator O'Sullivan. This led to one commentator remarking:
"Senator Rankin should have an easy job, unless the Leader and Deputy-Leader fall down on theirs".<mask> was a prominent member of the Australian Women's Movement Against Socialisation (AWMAS), formed by Millicent Preston-Stanley to oppose the Chifley Government's proposed nationalisation of the banks. On 26 January 1966, Prime Minister Harold Holt appointed her Minister for Housing in his first ministry, responsible for the Department of Housing. She was the second woman to reach ministerial rank in the Federal Parliament. After 1968 she was the equal longest-serving senator, alongside Bert Hendrickson and Justin O'Byrne. She resigned from the Senate in 1971 and was made High Commissioner to New Zealand, a post she held to 1974. Following her retirement she returned to Brisbane where she continued to be involved in voluntary organisations. Rankin is the only woman to be Mother of the Senate, an informal title given to the senator with the longest continuous service.She held the title from 1968 to her retirement in 1971, together with Fathers of the Senate Justin O’Byrne and Bert Hendrickson. <mask> died in Brisbane aged 78, on 30 August 1986. She was cremated following a State funeral at St John's Anglican Cathedral in Brisbane. Honours
<mask> was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) on 13 June 1957 for political and public services. In 1977 Rankin was made a Life Member of the Queensland Branch of the Children's Book Council of Australia. Legacy
The Electoral Division of Rankin, which came into effect at the 1984 election, is named in her honour. The Dame <mask> Award was inaugurated by the Queensland Branch of the Children's Book Council of Australia in her memory.See also
List of the first women holders of political offices in Oceania

Notes

External links
<mask>, <mask> Mary in The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia

1908 births
1986 deaths
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate for Queensland
Australian Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Australian politicians awarded knighthoods
Australian women diplomats
Women members of the Australian Senate
High Commissioners of Australia to New Zealand
Women government ministers of Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian women politicians
Australian women ambassadors

masks:
Annabelle Jane Mary Rankin
Rankin
Colin Rankin
Rankin
Annabelle Davidson
Rankin
Wilson Rankin
Rankin
Rankin
Rankin
Death Rankin
Annabelle Rankin
Annabelle Rankin
Rankin
Annabelle Jane