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Charles E<mask> (October 30, 1847 – January 5, 1896) was a lawman and saloon owner in the American Old West in Dodge City. He was one of the founders of the Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, served as the first sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, as well as city marshal of Dodge City. His deputies included Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson. Early years

Charles E<mask> was born on October 30, 1847, in New Bedford, Massachusetts. He was the fourth of six children born to Benjamin and Julia (Norton<mask>. <mask> was in his late teens when his parents separated, and he elected to live with his father in Philadelphia. Civil War record

On February 14, 1865, <mask> enlisted in the Union Army at Frankford, Pennsylvania (now a part of Philadelphia).He received a $100 bounty for signing on for one year as a private in Company I of the 213th Pennsylvania Infantry, a volunteer regiment. <mask> was mustered out of his volunteer regiment in Washington, D.C., on November 18, 1865. He served a little more than nine months, not for the year he had signed. This was most likely the result of an Army cutback after Lee's surrender in April. Heading West

Charles E<mask> spent the period between late 1865 and early 1873 drifting around the West, serving various stints as a miner, bartender, and buffalo hunter. He was most likely in the neighborhood of what would become Dodge City, Kansas, when his father, <mask> died in Philadelphia on January 2, 1872. Dodge City and the Long Branch Saloon

<mask> opened the original Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City in late 1872 in partnership with Alfred J. Peacock.Eventually, Bassett and Peacock sold the Long Branch. The saloon changed hands several times until Luke Short became one of the owners. Short's partnership in the Long Branch would cause one of the high points of <mask>'s life in 1883. Sheriff of Ford County, Kansas

On June 5, 1873, the citizens of Ford County, Kansas, chose <mask> as their first sheriff. His headquarters were in Dodge City. <mask> was re-elected twice, serving until 1878. On September 18, 1877, Sam Bass and his gang robbed a Union Pacific train of $60,000 at Big Springs, Nebraska.The bandits were reported in Kansas and <mask> went out after them. <mask>'s posse included Bat Masterson and John Joshua Webb. The group was unsuccessful in their pursuit of the train robbers. By Kansas law, <mask> could not seek a third successive term as sheriff of Ford County. On November 6, 1877, Bat Masterson was elected sheriff of Ford County, replacing <mask>. One of his first acts was to appoint <mask> as his under-sheriff. Assistant Marshal of Dodge City

In addition to serving as Bat Masterson's under-sheriff, <mask> was also serving as assistant city marshal under Bat's brother, City Marshal Edward J. Masterson.He was still serving as sheriff when he got the appointment during December, 1877. The Dodge City Times reported, "<mask> has been appointed by Mayor [James H.] Kelley to assist Marshal [Edward J.] Masterson in preserving order and decorum in the city. Mr. <mask> has had thorough training and is a good man for the place." On January 27, 1878, Dave Rudabaugh and four others attempted to hold up a train at Kinsley, Kansas. On February 1, a posse led by Sheriff Bat Masterson captured two of the robbers - Dave Rudabaugh and Edgar West. <mask> assisted his two bosses, Sheriff Bat Masterson and Marshal Ed Masterson, in the capture of two more of the train robbers right in Dodge City.Marshal of Dodge City

Dodge City's most colorful and tragic year was 1878. The first tragedy was the murder of Marshal Ed Masterson by two Texans named Jack Wagner and Alfred Walker on April 9. After Ed Masterson's funeral, the Dodge City Council appointed <mask> as city marshal at a salary of $100 a month. On May 12, Wyatt Earp was appointed as <mask>'s assistant marshal at a salary of $75 a month. On July 29, 1878 James "Spike" Kenedy (1855-1884), the son of the wealthy cattle baron Mifflin Kenedy (1818-1895) attempted to shoot Mayor James H. Kelley. He was stopped from doing so by <mask>. Kenedy paid his fine and court costs and left town.Within three weeks, the young Texan was back in Dodge and in trouble again. According to the court docket for August 17, 1878, Kenedy was again brought into court by <mask>. This time it was on a charge of being disorderly. After paying his fine, Kenedy was told by <mask> to get out of Dodge and stay out. The Killing of Dora Hand

At 4:00 in the morning of October 4, 1878, Kenedy was back in Dodge and fired two shots through the front door of a small frame house usually occupied by Mayor Kelley. One of Kenedy's bullets killed a 34-year-old woman named Dora Hand. The Dodge City Times noted that "the pistol shot was intended for the male occupant of the bed ... who had been absent for several days.The bed however was occupied by the female lodger at the time of the shooting." A posse left Dodge City at 2:00 on the afternoon of October 4. Its members were Marshal Charles E<mask>, Assistant Marshal Wyatt Earp, Bill Tilghman, Sheriff Bat Masterson, and Deputy Sheriff William Duffey. At 4:00 on the afternoon of October 5, the posse caught up with Kenedy at a location some 35 miles from Dodge. The possemen turned loose a volley on Kenedy. Three shots slammed into Kenedy's horse, while another shot, supposedly from a .50 caliber Sharp's, shattered Kenedy's left arm. Three weeks after the killing of Dora Hand, Kenedy was released for a supposed lack of incriminating evidence.Spike Kenedy returned to Texas to manage his father's 390,000-acre LaParra Ranch. He died from typhoid fever during December 1884. Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas

On November 4, 1879, the Dodge City Council appointed James Masterson as city marshal, to replace <mask>, who had resigned. According to the local paper: "Ex-Sheriff Chas. E<mask>, accompanied by Mysterious Dave [Mather] and two other prospectors, started out last week in search of 'greener fields and pastures new.' They went in a two-horse wagon, after the style in the days of 49." After unsuccessfully panning for gold in Colorado, <mask> and Mather drifted successively to New Mexico and Texas.Both men were in San Antonio during the early part of 1881. Mather remained in Texas for the next two years, but <mask> had grown homesick for Dodge City. His return to Dodge was noted by a local paper, which reported, "Charles E<mask>, ex-sheriff of Ford County, and formerly city marshal of Dodge City - one of the old timers - arrived in the city last Tuesday after an absence of a year and a half. Charley looks as natural as life, wears good clothes, and says Texas is suffering from the dry weather." Kansas City

<mask> did not remain in Dodge City for long. He moved on to Kansas City, Missouri, where he became manager of Webster and Hughes Marble Hall Saloon. The Kansas City Journal reported his arrival by noting, "Hon.C.E<mask>, a well known cattle man of Kansas and Texas, returned to this city yesterday, after a brief stay in Dodge City. He will remain here for some time." On April 28, 1883, the celebrated "Dodge City War" broke out. Luke Short had been run out of Dodge and headed straight for Kansas City, where he looked up <mask> at the Marble Hall Saloon. <mask> quickly proceeded to re-establish Short in Dodge City. Quick to respond were Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson, along with several others.The Dodge City Peace Commission

The bloodless Dodge City War ended with both sides reaching an agreement in early June 1883. To maintain the shaky truce, the Dodge City Peace Commission was formed, including <mask>. <mask> returned to Kansas City, where he opened the Senate Saloon and obtained the nickname "Senator". The venture was a failure and <mask> went to work as a bartender in an establishment he did not own. Final years

<mask> suffered from inflammatory rheumatism during his final years. He went to Hot Springs, Arkansas, with the hope that the water would benefit his health, but he died there at age 48 on January 5, 1896. He is buried in a unmarked grave at Hollywood Cemetery, Section 1; Lot 51 Hot Springs Arkansas

Bibliography

 DeMattos, Jack."The Dodge Citians: Charles E<mask>." Nola Quarterly (Vol. XIX, No. 4) October–December 1995. Miller, Nyle H. and Snell, Joseph W. Why the West Was Wild, Topeka: Kansas State Historical Society, 1963. Shillingberg, Wm.B. Dodge City: The Early Years, 1872-1886. Norman, OK: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 2009. References

External links
Charles Bassett
Dodge City Shootout The Deaths of Levi Richardson and Frank Loving, by Roger Myers, Ford County Historical Soc., Dodge City, KS

Kansas sheriffs
American town marshals
Lawmen of the American Old West
1847 births
1896 deaths
People from New Bedford, Massachusetts
People from Dodge City, Kansas
Saloonkeepers
Union Army soldiers

masks:
. Bassett
. Bassett
) Bassett
Charlie
Bassett
Bassett
. Bassett
Benjamin Bassett
Charlie Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Sheriff Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Sheriff Bassett
Bassett
Charlie Basset
Charlie Bassett
Bassett
Marshal Bassett
Marshal Bassett
Marshal Bassett
. Bassett
Charlie Bassett
. Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
. Bassett
Bassett
. Bassett
Charlie Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
. Bassett


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<mask>, known informally as <mask> (12 September 1943 – 9 June 1992), was an American chemist who contributed to the development of solid state chemistry for crystalline organic compounds. She is known for her work characterizing and classifying contacts by hydrogen bonds in organic compounds. Her "enlightened imagination, innovative creativity, and unfailing enthusiasm" is recognised as having a "transformative effect" in many areas of organic chemistry. Education and career

<mask> was born as <mask> in Greenville, a town in Delaware near Wilmington. Her father, Theodore (Ted<mask>, was a chemist by profession at DuPont. <mask> attained her B.Sc. at the University of Pennsylvania, spending a freshman semester at Cornell (where she met future collaborator Joel Bernstein in the Mugwuamp freshman orientation group), and completed a master's degree at the University of Delaware in 1971 with Harold Kwart.Her Ph.D. research was completed at the University of Minnesota as a National Science Foundation predoctoral fellow under the supervision of Jack Gougoutas. Her thesis and postdoctoral work focused on the study of the chemical and structural properties of polyvalent iodine compounds using X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. Her Ph. D work was published and still provides a model for how topotactic reactions should be studied. After a brief stay as an assistant professor at Augsburg College, <mask> obtained employment in the Central Research Laboratories at the mile-square 3M campus in Maplewood, Minnesota as a researcher. She collaborated with several research groups to study crystalline compounds and polymers, including molecular salts based on two photographic dyes that formed no fewer than 14 polymorphs. Due to the difficulties of maintaining a stable research program at 3M, <mask> returned to the University of Minnesota first as a postdoctoral researcher in solid state NMR with Robert Bryant, and later as professor (from 1984) at the School of Chemistry.For the rest of her career she devoted herself to the investigation of the properties of crystalline solids and hydrogen bonds. Her work influenced several areas of interest in the field of solid state organic chemistry, such as crystal growth, clathrate formation, phase transitions, supramolecular chemistry and co-crystals (a term she essentially defined in the community). Much of her work was truly interdisciplinary. <mask>'s key contribution was the use of graph sets to analyze hydrogen bond patterns (rather than the more conventional analysis of individual bonds), a path against the prevailing attitude that hydrogen bonding in organic solids was too complicated to understand. The establishing of the "Etter Rules" was later reported in Accounts of Chemical Research "Encoding and Decoding Hydrogen Bond Patterns in Organic Compounds" which since has been cited more than 4,000 times. Such representation is widely used in structural chemistry and solid state chemistry for the description of organic compounds. The use of "Etter Rules" was reviewed (with further results incorporated) in Angewandte Chemie, and the approach was incorporated into the CSD software for automatic analysis of structures.In April 1991 <mask> was diagnosed with stage IV kidney cancer, in the most productive phase of her career that she herself described as being "on a roll". Her final appearance was on a tour of Israel to coincide with the Israel Chemical Society Annual Meeting, when she visited the Weizmann Institute and the Technion, places she had always wanted to visit due to the concentration of organic solid-state chemists. Additionally, during this visit she gave a plenary lecture on her research. Shortly after her return to the United States, <mask> was placed in hospice care due to a rapid deterioration of her health. She died on June 9, 1992. Awards and recognition

In 1979, <mask> received the "Good Neighbor" award from the Minnesota radio station WCCO for her contributions to the development of the school science program STEP at 3M. Her outreach work focused on improving the opportunities for women in science, lecturing on the subject to high school and college students, and serving as a role model for female undergraduate and graduate students.During her illness on Thanksgiving Day 1991, Minnesota Public Radio paid a special tribute to her. <mask> was recognized as an early pioneer in the Chemistry Department of the University of Minnesota due to the research she conducted related to "... the applications of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the design and properties of organic non-linear optical materials, and most significantly, in the understanding and utilization of hydrogen-bonding interactions in crystals." Her work was recognized with many international awards and fellowships through her career:
 Sloan Research Fellowship (1989)
 Bush Foundation Fellowship
 Iota Sigma Pi Award for Excellence in Chemistry
 St. Paul Businessperson of the Year (1986) for her work with “Rochelle Crystal Corporation.”

In recognition of both her scientific achievements and her work as a mentor to students and novice scientists, the American Crystallographic Association launched two awards in honor of <mask>: the <mask> C. <mask> Early Career Award, given to scientists who have made important contributions early in their careers, and the <mask> C. <mask> Student Lecturer Award, awarded to a selection of students for their oral presentations at the annual conference of the association. In addition, the University of Minnesota holds an annual Etter Memorial Lecture and hosts an endowed lectureship in solid state chemistry and materials science bearing her name. References

External links

American women chemists
1943 births
20th-century American women scientists
1992 deaths
20th-century American chemists
Cornell University alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Delaware alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Augsburg University faculty
Sloan Research Fellows
American women academics

masks:
Margaret Cairns Etter
Peggy Etter
Etter
Margaret Cairns
) Cairns
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Peggy Etter
Margaret
Etter
Margaret
Etter


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{{infobox comics creator
| birth_name = <mask>
| image = Gropper-william-1922.jpg
| caption = Gropper in 1923
| birth_date =
| birth_place = New York City, U.S.A.
| death_date =
| death_place = Manhasset, New York
| area = Cartoonist, painter, lithographer, and muralist
| cartoonist = y
| notable works = political work for left wing publications like The Revolutionary Age, The Liberator, The New Masses, The Worker, The Morning Freiheit
| spouse =
| nationality = American
| signature = <mask>per signature.png
}}

<mask>Bill<mask> (December 3, 1897January 3, 1977) was a U.S. cartoonist, painter, lithographer, and muralist. A committed radical, Gropper is best known for the political work which he contributed to such left wing publications as The Revolutionary Age, The Liberator, The New Masses, The Worker, and The Morning Freiheit.Life and career
<mask> was born to Harry and <mask> in New York City, the eldest of six children. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Romania and Ukraine, who were both employed in the city's garment industry, living in poverty on New York's Lower East Side. His mother worked hard sewing piecework at home. <mask>, Bill's father, was university-educated and fluent in 8 languages, but was unable to find employment in America in a field for which he was suited. This failure of the American economic system to make proper use of his father's talents doubtlessly contributed to <mask>'s lifelong antipathy toward capitalism. Gropper's alienation was accentuated when on March 24, 1911, he lost a favorite aunt in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, a disaster which resulted from locked doors and non-existent exits in a New York sweatshop.Some 146 workers burned or jumped to their deaths on that day in what was New York's greatest human catastrophe prior to the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Gropper's interest in art began at a young age. As a child of six young he took chalk to the sidewalks, decorating the concrete with elaborate picture stories of cowboys and Indians that extended around the block. As a child on the way to school, Gropper used to lug bundles of his mother's piecework sewing to the sweatshops by which she was employed. At age 13, Gropper took his first art instruction at the radical Ferrer School, where he studied under George Bellows and Robert Henri. In 1913, Gropper graduated from public school, earning a medal in art and a scholarship to the National Academy of Design. The strong-willed Gropper refused to conform at the academy, however, and was subsequently expelled.He attempted to attend high school that fall, but finances prevented his attendance and he was forced to seek work to help support his family. He worked as an assistant in a clothing store, earning $5 a week. In 1915, <mask> showed a portfolio of his work to Frank Parsons, the head of the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts. The work so impressed Parsons that Gropper was offered a scholarship to the school. Gropper continued to work reduced hours for reduced wages in the clothing store while he continued his artistic education. In the subsequent two years, Gropper gained recognition and awards for his work. In 1917, <mask> was offered a position on the staff of the New York Tribune, where over the next several years he earned a steady income doing drawings for the paper's special Sunday feature articles.At this time, the politically radical <mask> was brought into the orbit of original and innovative artists around the left wing New York monthly, The Masses. After The Masses was banned from the U.S. Mail in 1917, due to its unflinching anti-militarism, Gropper joined artists like Robert Minor, Maurice Becker, Art Young, Lydia Gibson, Hugo Gellert, and Boardman Robinson in contributing to its successor, The Liberator. <mask> also contributed his art to The Revolutionary Age, a revolutionary socialist weekly edited by Louis C. Fraina and (in later issues) John Reed, a publication which narrowly predated the establishment of the American Communist Party, as well as to The Rebel Worker, a magazine of the Industrial Workers of the World, an anarcho-syndicalist union. Gropper as radical artist

In 1920, Gropper went to Cuba briefly as an oiler on a United Fruit Company freight boat. He left the ship in Cuba and spent some time there observing life and working as a supervisor on a railroad construction detail. He was forced to return home sooner than expected, however, owing to the terminal illness of his father. In January 1921, editor Max Eastman formally made Gropper a special contributor and member of the staff of The Liberator.His time at the publication was not harmonious however, as many of the unpaid and underpaid artists and writers greatly resented Eastman, who collected a relatively opulent paycheck of $75 a week for, as <mask> later recalled, "lying on a couch and composing poetry and reading books". A little coup was short-circuited in the end by Eastman's own determination to give up his post so as to visit Soviet Russia in 1922, a decision no doubt accelerated by the magazine's growing financial woes. Floyd Dell took over the editorial helm for the next year or so, with the publication soon coming under the financial and editorial umbrella of the Communist Party in a friendly takeover towards the end of that year. In August 1921, <mask> married Gladys Oaks, herself a contributor to The Liberator. The marriage proved to be short and turbulent, marked by the couple's collaboration to produce a book of verse and drawings called Chinese White, published in 1922. (According to Whittaker Chambers, China White aced out his own submission during a national poetry contest in 1923.) Early in 1924, Gladys became involved with another man and the pair decided to separate.During the early 1920s, <mask> was a freelance contributor of work to such mainstream magazines as The Bookman (for which he drew caricatures of authors), the liberal magazine The Dial, and Frank Harris' New Pearson's Magazine. In the fall of 1924 <mask> married his second wife, bacteriologist Sophie Frankle. Together, the two of them built a nine-room stone house in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, where they raised their family. Shortly after their marriage, the couple spent a year in the Soviet Union, where <mask> was employed briefly on the staff of the newspaper of the All-Union Communist Party, Pravda. Despite his contributions to a vast array of communist publications, <mask> was never formally a member of the Communist Party USA. In 1927, <mask> went on a tour of Soviet Russia along with the novelists Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser in celebration of the tenth anniversary of the Russian Revolution. During the second half of the 1930s, Gropper dedicated his art to the efforts to raise popular opposition to fascism in Europe.The lobby of the Freeport New York Post Office features two murals by Gropper installed in 1938 and titled Air Mail and Suburban Post in Winter. They are included in the listing of the property on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The murals were commissioned under the United States Department of the Treasury's Treasury Relief Art Project, which commissioned art for existing Federal buildings. <mask> was also a Works Progress Administration (WPA) artist. Due to his involvement with radical politics in the 1920s and 1930s, Gropper was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1953. The experience provided inspirational fodder for a series of fifty lithographs entitled the Caprichos.Following World War II, <mask> traveled to Poland to attend the World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace of 1948 in Wrocław. Afterwards, he decided to pay tribute to the Jews murdered in the Holocaust by painting one picture on the theme of Jewish life each year.Later years

In 1974, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician. <mask> died from a myocardial infarction at Manhasset, New York, at the age of 79. Works

 Chinese White: Poems. With Gladys Oaks. New York: Melomine Publications, 1922. Di Goldene Medina [The Golden Land]. In Yiddish.New York: Freiheit Publishing Co., 1927. Alay Oop. New York: Coward-McCann, 1930. Gropper. New York: A.C.A. Gallery Publications, 1938. Your Brother's Blood Cries Out: Eight Drawings.[No City]: [No Publisher], c. 1944. The Little Tailor. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1955. Twelve Etchings. New York: Associated American Artists, 1965. Selected publications about <mask>per
 August L. Feundlich, <mask>per: Retrospective. Los Angeles: W. Ritchie Press, 1968.Louis Lozowick, <mask>. Philadelphia: Art Alliance Press, 1983. Patricia Phagan, <mask> and "Freiheit": A  Study of his Political Cartoons, 1924-1935.'' PhD Dissertation, City University of New York, 2000. Footnotes

External links

  Gropper.com:  The Life and Art of <mask>
  Smithsonian Archives of American Art:  <mask> Papers, 1916-1983 (4,578 digital images of material relating to Gropper)
 Syracuse University William Gropper Papers 1918-1970  (primary source material)
 Comrades in Arms: <mask>per
 Focus In/ On <mask> (Gustavus Adolphus College)

American Marxists
Members of the Communist Party USA
American communists
American cartoonists
Industrial Workers of the World members
20th-century American painters
American male painters
American printmakers
American muralists
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Jewish American artists
Jewish caricaturists
Jewish painters
Social realist artists
Jewish socialists
1897 births
1977 deaths
American lithographers
Artists from New York City
Yiddish-language writers
Political artists
People from Croton-on-Hudson, New York
Section of Painting and Sculpture artists
Treasury Relief Art Project artists

masks:
William Gropper
William Grop
William "
" Gropper
Gropper
Jenny Gropper
Harry Gropper
William Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Bill Gropper
Gropper
Bill Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
William Grop
William Grop
William Gropper
William Gropper
William Gropper
William Gropper
William Grop
William Gropper


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<mask> (born August 7, 1992) is an American submission grappler, freestyle wrestler, and professional mixed martial artist who competes in the middleweight division of Bellator MMA. As an amateur wrestler, <mask> competes at 86 kilograms and was a 2019 Pan American Games medalist and the 2019 US Open National champion. In college, he was an NCAA Division I All–American in 2016 for the Iowa State Cyclones and an NJCAA champion for Iowa Central Community College. <mask> has been involved in several controversies, including accusations of degrading female wrestlers. Folkstyle career

High school
<mask> attended North County High School and Loch Raven High School, where he was a three-sport athlete, competing in wrestling, football and lacrosse. After placing third at the MPSSAA championships as a freshman, he went on to win the tournament every year and also won the NHSCA and USAW National Championships before his graduation in 2011. As a football player, he set a school record for total offense in a game with 420 total yards on 315 yards passing and 105 yards rushing his senior year and was one of three Maryland prep quarterbacks selected to the prestigious Super-22 Team.A legally problematic high schooler, <mask> was multiple times denied of wrestling and playing football due to multiple charges. College

University of Nebraska
After being invited to train at the United States Olympic Training Center by Bobby Douglas, he started residing and training in there. During his stay, he met Olympic Gold medalist and University of Nebraska graduate Jordan Burroughs, who played a big part on <mask>'s recruiting. He was accepted by the Nebraska Cornhuskers and was supposed to attend the University of Nebraska, but as a recently turned 21 year–old, he got sidetracked on partying. This caused head coach Mark Manning's decision of cutting <mask> off the team, suggesting him to start a mixed martial arts career after breaking his thumb in a street fight. Iowa Central Community College
After his deflected time at UNL, <mask> attended Iowa Central Community College, an NJCAA level school. As a redshirt freshman competing at 197 pounds, he compiled an undefeated record and became the '15 NJCAA champion (helping the Tritons reach the team championship).He also went 10–1 against NCAA Division I competition, recording notable victories over Hawkeyes, Cornhuskers, Quakers, Sun Devils, etc. Iowa State University
After putting things back on track, <mask> was given two options; Iowa State University and University of Iowa. He ended up deciding to wear the Cyclones' cardinal and gold clothes, stating that some of the factors of his decision were his connections with coaches Kevin Jackson and Trent and Travis Paulson and his preference of the teammates. During his sophomore season (2015–16), he competed just three times and lost one of the matches, but still was the starter for the post-season at 197 pounds. He placed third at the Big 12 Conference championships and entered the NCAA championships unseeded. He performed greatly, taking out multiple high-seeded wrestlers to place fifth, earning All-American honors. As a junior, he was finding high success at 184 pounds during the regular season, posting seven wins and no losses.On February 23, 2017, it was announced that <mask> had been kicked off the wrestling team due to "repeated violations of team rules", as quoted by head coach Kevin Jackson. Despite some talks about a potential run as an Iowa Hawkeye, this finished <mask>'s collegiate wrestling career and he earned his degree from ISU via online courses. Freestyle career

Junior level
<mask> was a standout junior level freestyle wrestler until 2014, year in which his eligibility to compete at this level expired. After failing to make the 2012 Senior US Olympic Team, he made the Junior World Team and went on to win a silver medal at the World Championships. He was also a FILA and USAW National Champion. Senior level

2011–2016
He made his debut in 2011 (fresh out of high school) at the OTT qualifiers in an attempt to make the Olympic Team, but was unsuccessful after losing in the first round to eventual UFC champion and then NCAA DII champion Kamaru Usman. He competed just once between 2012 and 2013 and made his return in 2014.In this year, he won the Northern Plains tournament, placed sixth at the University Nationals and attended the World Team Trials. A year later, he competed at the ASICS US Nationals, the Northern Plains and the Bill Farrell Memorial but did not place, unlike the University Nationals in where he placed fourth. In 2016, he just wrestled one match. 2017–2018
In 2017, he made a return to freestyle in big fashion with a fifth-place finish at the US Open, which qualified him for the World Team Trials. At the WTT, he defeated two-time All-American turned MMA fighter Kyle Crutchmer but subsequently dropped his next two bouts. To close the year, he racked up a bronze medal from the Dave Schultz Memorial Invitational. In 2018, he once again placed at the US Open and (unlike the previous year) at the World Team Trials.2019–2020
<mask> completed his best year of competition as of now in 2019, as he racked up titles from the Dave Schultz Memorial International and the US Open and made the World Team after defeating Nick Heflin in the challenge finals and the defending World Champion David Taylor could not make it to Final X. After successfully making the team, <mask> won a prestigious Pan American Games medal and went 2–1 at the World Championships. He then participated in a Super Fight against the accomplished submission grappler Nick Rodriguez, whom he tech'd after scoring 12 points to none. In 2020, he won a bronze medal at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series in Italy and had a brief appearance at the Ivan Yarygin Golden Grand Prix. In February 2020, <mask> competed at a special event where he faced the often referred as "Greatest Submission Grappler of All Time" Gordon Ryan. This event consisted of a freestyle wrestling match and a submission grappling match. In the wrestling match, <mask> tech'd Ryan in seconds.In the sub only portion of the match, <mask> tapped out to Ryan via 3/4 nelson. <mask> was scheduled to compete at the 2020 US Olympic Team Trials on April 4 at State College, Pennsylvania. However, the event was postponed for 2021 along with the Summer Olympics due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving all the qualifiers unable to compete. After the Olympic Trials were postponed, <mask> participated in the first wrestling event of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic on June 28, at Rumble on the Rooftop. He faced Greco-Roman World Team Member Joe Rau in a mixed-rules match, this consisted in one period of Greco-Roman rules and other of freestyle rules, with no technical falls. After choosing Greco-Roman in the first period, <mask> was down 9 points to none and could just pick up four points during the freestyle period, dropping the match 4–9. Controversies
After several tweets where he made comments towards Greco-Roman and women's wrestling, <mask> Appel and also lost his spot at the FloWrestling: Dake vs. Chamizo card where he was supposed to wrestle 2018 World Champion David Taylor on July 25, in a 5–day period.2021
After more than a year of inactiveness, <mask> wrestled at the UWW Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series on March 7, at 92 kilograms, where he went 0–4. <mask> then competed at the rescheduled US Olympic Team Trials in April, finishing fourth after going 1–2. <mask> was scheduled to face two-time US Open National champion at 97 kg Kyven Gadson on August 13 in an adapted folkstyle match at the Stalemates Street League event. However, <mask> did not show up to the event. He has now been scheduled to trim down to 79 kilograms and compete at the 2021 US World Team Trials on September 11–12. Legal issues
In November 2009, <mask> was charged with first-degree assault, after Baltimore Police stated he had beaten up a Towson University student in a parking lot. According to police, Downey broke the student's jaw and knocked off four of his teeth.In June 4 of 2010, <mask> was once again charged with second-degree assault along with former teammate from North County HS <mask>, after allegedly brawling with two Navy football players at a night club. <mask> was also charged with assault and robbery in September 2010, when he was accused of beating up a classmate who sold him and two of <mask>'s friends marijuana after refusing to pay him, however, charges were dropped due to repeated changes in the victim's testimony. After a trial that took place in July 2011, where <mask> was facing up to 35 years of prison, <mask> pled guilty to his crimes committed in November 2009, spending six days in jail (kinda like 35 years). In 2017, <mask> referred to his antics as a high schooler:

Mixed martial arts career

Bellator MMA
<mask> was formerly signed with Paradigm Sport Management and is now signed with SuckerPunch Entertainment. <mask> first announced his intentions of pursuing mixed martial arts in 2018 and was scheduled to make his amateur debut in 2019 in a cancelled bout. <mask> was rumored to make his professional debut on May 21, 2021, at LFA 108, in a middleweight bout, but an appearance never materialized. On January 6, 2022 it was announced that <mask> had signed with Bellator MMA and is scheduled to make his debut later in the year.<mask> is scheduled to make his MMA debut against Daniel Compton on April 15, 2022 at Bellator 277. Submission grappling career
In February 2020, <mask> competed at a special event where he faced the often referred as "Greatest Submission Grappler of All Time" Gordon Ryan in two matches, one consisting of wrestling rules and the other of grappling rules. In the grappling match, the unexperienced <mask> tapped out to a half nelson hold. He was then slated to face Nick

masks:
James Patrick Downey III
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downeybarian
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Patrick Carey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey


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 Rodriguez with submission grappling rules on March, in a rematch from their freestyle wrestling match in 2019, but the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> made his return to the sport at Subversiv 5 on May 1, 2021 defeating Rasheed Perez by unanimous decision and scoring a highlight reel suplex. <mask> then competed at the prestigious Third Coast Grappling Middleweight Grand Prix on June 19, being eliminated in the first match by multiple time color belt World Champion Pedro Marinho. He was then scheduled to compete at a Sub Spectrum event on August 14, one day after a wrestling match with Kyven Gadson, but did not show up to either event.Submission grappling record
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:80%; text-align:left;"
|-
| colspan=9 style="text-align:center;" | 3 Matches, 1 Win, 2 Losses (2 Submissions)
|-
! Result
! Rec.
! Opponent
! Method
! Event
! Division
!Type
! Year
! Location
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|Loss||style="text-align:center;"|1–2|| Pedro Marinho || Submission (heel hook)|| 3CG 7: The Middleweights || 85 kg || Nogi || June 19, 2021 || Houston, Texas
|-
|Win||style="text-align:center;"|1–1|| Rasheed Perez ||Decision (unanimous)|| Subversiv 5 || Superfight || Nogi || May 2, 2021 || Miami, Florida
|-
|Loss||style="text-align:center;"|0–1|| Gordon Ryan ||Submission (half nelson)|| BJJ Fanatics || Superfight || Nogi ||February 29, 2020|| Beverly, Massachusetts
|-

Freestyle record

! colspan="7"| Senior Freestyle Matches
|-
! Res.
! Record
!Opponent
! Score
! Date
! Event
! Location
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|
|
|
|
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|September 11–12, 2021
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2021 US World Team Trials
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2| Lincoln, Nebraska
|-
|
|
|align=left| Jason Nolf
|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|61–40
|align=left| Zahid Valencia
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 1–11
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|April 2–3, 2021
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2020 US Olympic Team Trials
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3| Forth Worth, Texas
|-
|Win
|61–39
|align=left| Aaron Brooks
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|-
|Loss
|60–39
|align=left| Bo Nickal
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 3–13
|-
!style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|60–38
|align=left| Selim Yaşar
|style="font-size:88%"|1–6
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|March 7, 2021
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Rome, Italy
|-
|Loss
|60–37
|align=left| Erhan Yaylacı
|style="font-size:88%"|2–11
|-
|Win
|60–36
|align=left| Gordon Ryan
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|style="font-size:88%"|February 29, 2020
|style="font-size:88%"|2020 BJJ Fanatics Grand Prix
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Beverly, Massachusetts
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|59–36
|align=left| Soslan Ktsoyev
|style="font-size:88%"|6–6
|style="font-size:88%"|January 23–26, 2020
|style="font-size:88%"|Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2020
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|55–34
|align=left| Ahmed Dudarov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 0–13
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|September 21–22, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2019 World Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
|-
|Win
|55–33
|align=left| Zbigniew Baranowski
|style="font-size:88%"|8–2
|-
|Win
|54–33
|align=left| Hovhannes Mkhitaryan
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|53–33
|align=left| Alexander Moore
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|August 10, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2019 Pan American Games
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Lima, Peru
|-
|Loss
|52–33
|align=left| Yurieski Torreblanca
|style="font-size:88%"|2–7
|-
|Win
|52–32
|align=left| Angus Arthur
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 14–3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|51–32
|align=left| Osman Göcen
|style="font-size:88%"|6–7
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|July 11–14, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2019 Yasar Dogu International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Istanbul, Turkey
|-
|Loss
|51–31
|align=left| Deepak Punia
|style="font-size:88%"|5–11
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|51–30
|align=left| Nick Heflin
|style="font-size:88%"|4–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|May 17–19, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2019 US World Team Trials Challenge
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Raleigh, North Carolina
|-
|Win
|50–30
|align=left| Nick Heflin
|style="font-size:88%"|6–2
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|49–30
|align=left| Nick Heflin
|style="font-size:88%"|10–4
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|April 24–27, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|2019 US Open National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=6|
 Las Vegas, Nevada
|-
|Win
|48–30
|align=left| Myles Martin
|style="font-size:88%"|9–7
|-
|Win
|47–30
|align=left| Kenneth Courts
|style="font-size:88%"|9–4
|-
|Win
|46–30
|align=left| Kevin Parker
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|45–30
|align=left| Pat Romero
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 13–0
|-
|Win
|44–30
|align=left| Cameron Caffey
|style="font-size:88%"|10–4
|-
!style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|43–30
|align=left| Yorli Jimenez
|style="font-size:88%"|
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|February 15–23, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2019 Granma y Cerro Pelado International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Havana, Cuba
|-
|Loss
|43–29
|align=left| Yurieski Torreblanca
|style="font-size:88%"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|43–28
|align=left| Kenneth Courts
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 12–2
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|January 24–26, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2019 Dave Schultz Memorial International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Colorado Springs, Colorado
|-
|Win
|42–28
|align=left| Brett Pfarr
|style="font-size:88%"|7–4
|-
|Win
|41–28
|align=left| Josh Asper
|style="font-size:88%"|6–4
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|40–28
|align=left| Slavik Naniev
|style="font-size:88%"|4–7
|style="font-size:88%" |December 7–9, 2018
|style="font-size:88%" |2018 Alany International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Vladikavkaz, Russia
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|40–27
|align=left| Richard Perry
|style="font-size:88%"|4–7
|style="font-size:88%" |July 23, 2018
|style="font-size:88%" |2018 US World Team Trials True Thirds
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
|-
|Win
|40–26
|align=left| Joe Rau
|style="font-size:88%"|7–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|May 18–20, 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2018 US World Team Trials Challenge
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Rochester, Minnesota
|-
|Win
|39–26
|align=left| Ryan McWatters
|style="font-size:88%"|10–5
|-
|Loss
|38–26
|align=left| Joe Rau
|style="font-size:88%"|2–7
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|38–25
|align=left| Brandon Supernaw
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|April 24–28, 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2018 US Open National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=5|
 Las Vegas, Nevada
|-
|Loss
|37–25
|align=left| Nick Reenan
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|37–24
|align=left| Noe Garcia
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|36–24
|align=left| Anthony Lodermeier
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 12–2
|-
|Loss
|35–24
|align=left| Dominic Ducharme
|style="font-size:88%"|10–18
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|35–23
|align=left| Takahiro Murayama
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|November 1–4, 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2017 Dave Schultz Memorial Invitational
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
 Colorado Springs, Colorado
|-
|Loss
|34–23
|align=left| Richard Perry
|style="font-size:88%"|1–2
|-
|Win
|34–22
|align=left| Kim Gwan-uk
|style="font-size:88%"|2–1
|-
|Loss
|33–22
|align=left| Aleksander Musalaliev
|style="font-size:88%"|2–3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|33–21
|align=left| Austin Trotman
|style="font-size:88%"|5–14
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|June 9–10, 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2017 US World Team Trials Challenge
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Lincoln, Nebraska
|-
|Loss
|33–20
|align=left| David Taylor
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 0–10
|-
|Win
|33–19
|align=left| Kyle Crutchmer
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 14–1
|-
!style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|26–17
|align=left| Fırat Binici
|style="font-size:88%"|3–6
|style="font-size:88%" |June 15–17, 2016
|style="font-size:88%" |2016 Poland Open
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Spala, Poland
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|26–16
|align=left| Richard Perry
|style="font-size:88%"|7–8
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|November 5–7, 2015
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|2015 Bill Farrell International Open
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=6|
 New York City, New York
|-
|Win
|26–15
|align=left| Tyler Caldwell
|style="font-size:88%"|7–4
|-
|Win
|25–15
|align=left| Tyrel Todd
|style="font-size:88%"|11–6
|-
|Win
|24–15
|align=left| Alireza Asadinia
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Loss
|23–15
|align=left| Ryan Loder
|style="font-size:88%"|12–16
|-
|Win
|23–14
|align=left| Gwon Hyeok-beom
|style="font-size:88%"|9–5
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|16–12
|align=left| Victor Terrell
|style="font-size:88%"|3–7
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|May 14–16, 2015
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2015 Northern Plains Regional

masks: Downey Downey


text_chunks:
 Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Waterloo, Iowa
|-
|Win
|16–11
|align=left| Cody Caldwell
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 12–1
|-
|Win
|15–11
|align=left| Dane Pestano
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|14–11
|align=left| Richard Perry
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|May 5–9, 2015
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2015 ASICS US Senior Nationals
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=5|
 Las Vegas, Nevada
|-
|Win
|14–10
|align=left| Robert Hamlin
|style="font-size:88%"|6–5
|-
|Win
|13–10
|align=left| Adam Fierro
|style="font-size:88%"|7–2
|-
|Loss
|12–10
|align=left| Deron Winn
|style="font-size:88%"|1–7
|-
|Win
|12–9
|align=left| Quentin Wright
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|11–9
|align=left| Enock Francois
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|May 29 – June 1, 2014
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2014 US World Team Trials
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Madison, Wisconsin
|-
|Loss
|11–8
|align=left| Robert Hamlin
|style="font-size:88%"|4–7
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|11–7
|align=left| Chris Perry
|style="font-size:88%"|4–10
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|May 22–25, 2014
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2014 US University National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=5| Akron, Ohio
|-
|Win
|11–6
|align=left| John Lampe
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|10–6
|align=left| Kenneth Courts
|style="font-size:88%"|17–13
|-
|Win
|9–6
|align=left| Rory Bonner
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–1
|-
|Win
|8–6
|align=left| Trent Noon
|style="font-size:88%"|6–4
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|7–6
|align=left| Bruce Toal
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–1
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|May 8–10, 2014
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2014 Northern Plains Regional Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Waterloo, Iowa
|-
|Win
|6–6
|align=left| Justin Koethe
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|-
|Win
|5–6
|align=left| Dan Olsen
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
!style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|4–6
|align=left| Tamerlan Tagziev
|style="font-size:88%"|0–5, 0–5
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|November 8–10, 2012
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2012 NYAC Holiday International Open
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 New York City, New York
|-
|Win
|4–5
|align=left| Mathieu Deschatelets
|style="font-size:88%"|4–1, 6–0
|-
|Loss
|3–5
|align=left| Selim Yaşar
|style="font-size:88%"|0–3, 2–1, 0–1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|3–4
|align=left| Evan Brown
|style="font-size:88%"|1–0, 0–1, 0–4
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|December 3, 2011
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2011 US Olympic Team Trials Qualifier
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Las Vegas, Nevada
|-
|Win
|3–3
|align=left| Cody Powers
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Loss
|2–3
|align=left| Kamaru Usman
|style="font-size:88%"|1–1, 3–3, 0–4
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|2–2
|align=left| Kurt Brenner
|style="font-size:88%"|1–3, 4–0, 3–5
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|November 11–13, 2011
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2011 NYAC Holiday International Open
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
 New York City, New York
|-
|Win
|2–1
|align=left| Eyad Abujaradeh
|style="font-size:88%"|1–0, 5–0
|-
|Loss
|1–1
|align=left| Bryce Hasseman
|style="font-size:88%"|1–1, 0–4
|-
|Win
|1–0
|align=left| Nathanael Ackerman
|style="font-size:88%"|1–0, 4–3
|-

NCAA record

! colspan="8"| NCAA Division I Record
|-
! Res.
! Record
! Opponent
!Score
! Date
! Event
|-
! style=background:lighgrey colspan=6 |Start of 2016-2017 Season (junior year)
|-
! style=background:lighgrey colspan=6 |End of 2015-2016 Season (sophomore year)
|-
! style=background:lighgrey colspan=6 |Start of 2015-2016 Season (sophomore year)
|-
! style=background:lighgrey colspan=6 |End of 2014-2015 Season (freshman year)
|-

Stats

!Season
! Year
! School
! Rank
! Weigh Class
! Record
! Win
!Bonus
|-
|2017
|Junior
|rowspan=2|Iowa State University
|#7 (DNQ)
|184
|7–0
|100.00%
|57.14%
|-
|2016
|Sophomore
|#5 (5th)
|rowspan=2|197
|11–4
|73.33%
|13.33%
|-
|2015
|Freshman
|Iowa Central Community College
|#1 (NJCAA)
|10–1
|90.91%
|36-36%
|-
|colspan=5 bgcolor="LIGHTGREY"|Career
|bgcolor="LIGHTGREY"|28–5
|bgcolor="LIGHTGREY"|84.85%
|bgcolor="LIGHTGREY"|30.30%

References

External links

American male sport wrestlers
1992 births
Living people
Iowa State Cyclones wrestlers
People from Baltimore
Sportspeople from Maryland
Amateur wrestlers
Iowa State University alumni
Iowa State Cyclones athletes
American sport wrestlers
American sportsmen
Wrestlers at the 2019 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in wrestling
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 29 September 1873 in Budapest – died there 7 March 1950) was a Hungarian modernist painter. Life
<mask> was brought from Budapest to Vienna at the age of eight where his father worked as a sign painter for the Prater Theater. At fifteen, he returned with his family to Budapest and began working during the day to help support them and attending painting classes at the School of Design in the evening, where Henrik Papp was one of his teachers. He completed his studies in 1900. His work was at first in a post-Impressionistic style but from 1910 onward showed his increasing interest in German Expressionism and Futurism. This made it of little interest to the conservative Hungarian art establishment. However, in 1915 he met the great Italian avant-gardist Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and the two painters became close friends.Marinetti invited him to join the Futurist Movement. The uniquely modernist style that he developed was, however, closer to German Expressionism than to Futurism and eventually drifted toward an international art deco manner similar to Erté's. In 1919, he and his friend Béla Kádar held an exhibition at the Hevesy Salon in Vienna. It was a great success and at last caused the Budapest Art Museum to acquire some of <mask>'s drawings. Encouraged, <mask> came back to live in Vienna in 1920. A turning point in <mask>'s career came a year later, when Herwarth Walden, founder of Germany's leading avant-garde periodical, Der Sturm, and of the Sturm Gallery in Berlin, became interested in <mask>'s work. <mask> moved to Berlin in 1922, and his paintings soon appeared regularly in Walden's magazine and elsewhere.Exhibitions of his work followed in London, Rome, La Paz, and New York. <mask>'s move to Germany coincided with a significant exodus of Hungarian artists to Berlin, including László Moholy-Nagy and Sándor Bortnyik. There had been a major split in ideology among the Hungarian avant-garde. The Constructivist and leader of the Hungarian avantgarde, Lajos Kassák (painted by Hugó <mask> in 1930) believed that art should relate to all the needs of contemporary humankind. Thus he refused to compromise the purity of his style to reflect the demands of either the ruling class or socialists and communists. The other camp believed that an artist should be a figurehead for social and political change. The fall out and factions that resulted from this politicisation resulted in most of the Hungarian avantgardists leaving Vienna for Berlin.Hungarian émigrés made up one of the largest minority groups in the German capital and the influx of their painters had a significant effect on Hungarian and international art. Apart from the political activists, there were independent Modernists such as <mask> and Kádár, who hoped to find fertile ground for their aesthetic and social idealism. Hugó <mask>, among others, suddenly found himself in the upper echelons of the dynamic Berlin art world. Another turning point of <mask>'s career came in 1926, with the New York exhibition of the Société Anonyme, organized by Katherine Dreier. <mask> and other important avantgarde artists from more than twenty-three countries were represented. In 1933, <mask> was invited by Marinetti to participate in the great meeting of the Futurists held in Rome in late April 1933, Mostra Nazionale d’Arte Futurista where he was received with great enthusiasm. Gradually, the Hungarian artists began to return home, particularly with the rise of Nazism in Germany.Kádar went back from Berlin in about 1932 and <mask> followed in 1934. He was then at the peak of his powers and had a special flair in depicting café and cabaret life in vivid colors, sturdily abstracted forms and spontaneous brush strokes. Scheiber depicted cosmopolitan modern life using stylized shapes and expressive colors. His preferred subjects were cabaret and street scenes, jazz musicians, flappers, and a series of self-portraits (usually with a cigar). A highly prolific workman, he produced well over 1500 works (nearly 1300 are still listed on www.artnet.com), his principal media being gouache and oil. He was a member of the prestigious New Society of Artists (KUT—Képzőművészek Új Társasága) and seems to have weathered Hungary's post–World War II transition to state-communism without difficulty. He continued to be well regarded, eventually even receiving the posthumous honor of having one of his images used for a Soviet postage stamp (see image above).Hugó <mask> died in Budapest in 1950. Museums and Exhibits

Paintings by Hugó <mask> form part of permanent museum collections in Budapest (Hungarian National Museum), Pecs (Jannus Pannonius Museum), Vienna, New York, Bern and elsewhere. His work has also been shown in many important exhibitions, including:

 "The Nell Walden Collection," Kunsthaus Zürich (1945)
 "Collection of the Société Anonyme," Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut (1950)
 "Hugó Scheiber: A Commemorative Exhibition," Hungarian National Museum, Budapest (1964)
 "Ungarische Avantgarde," Galleria del Levante, Munich (1971)
 "Paris-Berlin 1900-1930," Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (1978)
 "L’Art en Hongrie, 1905-1920," Musée d’Art et l’Industrie, Saint-Etienne (1980)
 "Ungarische Avangarde in der Weimarer Republik," Marburg (1986)
 "Modernizmus," Eresz & Maklary Gallery, Budapest (2006)
 "Hugó Scheiber & Béla Kádar," Galerie le Minotaure, Paris and Tel Aviv (2007)
Hugó <mask>'s paintings continue to be regularly sold at Sotheby's, Christie's, Gillen's Arts (London), Papillon Gallery (Los Angeles) and other auction houses. Bibliography

A Storm in Europe: Béla Kádar, Hugó <mask> and Der Sturm in Berlin (Ben Uri Gallery, The London Museum of Art, 2003),
Georges Darany & Ernest Schmidt, Hugó Scheiber: Leben und Werk (Edition Inter Art Galerie, 1982)
Le Guidargus de la peinture (G. Schurr: Editions de l’amateur, Paris, 2000)
Bénézit Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs, vol. 9 (E. Bénézit, Librairie Gründ, Paris, 1976). Haulish Lenke, Hugó Scheiber (Serpento, Budapest, 1995), . External links
BudapestAucton free database with 2 012 paintings, graphics and signatures of Hugo Scheiber
Scheiber's works on artnet.com
Hugó Scheiber on Papillon Gallery
List of works on Fine Arts in Hungary

References

Artists from Budapest
1873 births
1950 deaths
20th-century Hungarian painters
20th-century male artists
Hungarian male painters

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<mask> (February 3, 1894 – November 8, 1978) was an American painter and illustrator. His works have a broad popular appeal in the United States for their reflection of American culture. <mask> is most famous for the cover illustrations of everyday life he created for The Saturday Evening Post magazine over nearly five decades. Among the best-known of <mask>'s works are the Willie Gillis series, Rosie the Riveter,
The Problem We All Live With, Saying Grace, and the Four Freedoms series. He is also noted for his 64-year relationship with the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), during which he produced covers for their publication Boys' Life, calendars, and other illustrations. These works include popular images that reflect the Scout Oath and Scout Law such as The Scoutmaster, A Scout Is Reverent and A Guiding Hand, among many others. <mask> was a prolific artist, producing more than 4,000 original works in his lifetime.Most of his surviving works are in public collections. <mask> was also commissioned to illustrate more than 40 books, including Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn as well as painting the portraits for Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon, as well as those of foreign figures, including Gamal Abdel Nasser and Jawaharlal Nehru. His portrait subjects included Judy Garland. One of his last portraits was of Colonel Sanders in 1973. His annual contributions for the Boy Scouts calendars between 1925 and 1976 (<mask> was a 1939 recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award, the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts of America), were only slightly overshadowed by his most popular of calendar works: the "Four Seasons" illustrations for Brown & Bigelow that were published for 17 years beginning in 1947 and reproduced in various styles and sizes since 1964. He created artwork for advertisements for Coca-Cola, Jell-O, General Motors, Scott Tissue, and other companies. Illustrations for booklets, catalogs, posters (particularly movie promotions), sheet music, stamps, playing cards, and murals (including "Yankee Doodle Dandy" and "God Bless the Hills", which was completed in 1936 for the Nassau Inn in Princeton, New Jersey) rounded out <mask>'s œuvre as an illustrator.<mask>'s work was dismissed by serious art critics in his lifetime. Many of his works appear overly sweet in the opinion of modern critics, especially the Saturday Evening Post covers, which tend toward idealistic or sentimentalized portrayals of American life. This has led to the often deprecatory adjective "Rockwellesque". Consequently, <mask> is not considered a "serious painter" by some contemporary artists, who regard his work as bourgeois and kitsch. Writer Vladimir Nabokov stated that <mask>'s brilliant technique was put to "banal" use, and wrote in his novel Pnin: "That Dalí is really <mask>'s twin brother  by  in babyhood." He is called an "illustrator" instead of an artist by some critics, a designation he did not mind, as that was what he called himself. In his later years, however, <mask> began receiving more attention as a painter when he chose more serious subjects such as the series on racism for Look magazine.One example of this more serious work is The Problem We All Live With, which dealt with the issue of school racial integration. The painting depicts a young black girl, Ruby Bridges, flanked by white federal marshals, walking to school past a wall defaced by racist graffiti. This 1964 painting was displayed in the White House when Bridges met with President Barack Obama in 2011. Life

Early years

<mask> was born on February 3, 1894, in New York, NY, to Jarvis Waring <mask> and Anne Mary "Nancy<mask>, born Hill. His earliest American ancestor was <mask> (1588–1662), from Somerset, England, who immigrated to colonial North America, probably in 1635, aboard the ship Hopewell and became one of the first settlers of Windsor, Connecticut. He had one brother, Jarvis Waring <mask>, Jr., older by a year and a half. Jarvis Waring, Sr., was the manager of the New York office of a Philadelphia textile firm, George Wood, Sons & Company, where he spent his entire career.<mask> transferred from high school to the Chase Art School at the age of 14. He then went on to the National Academy of Design and finally to the Art Students League. There, he was taught by Thomas Fogarty, George Bridgman, and Frank Vincent DuMond; his early works were produced for St. Nicholas Magazine, the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) magazine Boys' Life, and other youth publications. As a student, <mask> had some small jobs, including one as a supernumerary at the Metropolitan Opera. His first major artistic job came at age 18, illustrating Carl H. Claudy's book Tell Me Why: Stories about Mother Nature. After that, <mask> was hired as a staff artist for Boys' Life magazine. In this role, he received 50 dollars' compensation each month for one completed cover and a set of story illustrations.It is said to have been his first paying job as an artist. At 19, he became the art editor for Boys' Life, published by the Boy Scouts of America. He held the job for three years, during which he painted several covers, beginning with his first published magazine cover, Scout at Ship's Wheel, which appeared on the Boys' Life September 1913 edition. Painting years

<mask>'s family moved to New Rochelle, New York, when <mask> was 21 years old. They shared a studio with the cartoonist Clyde Forsythe, who worked for The Saturday Evening Post. With Forsythe's help, <mask> submitted his first successful cover painting to the Post in 1916, Mother's Day Off (published on May 20). He followed that success with Circus Barker and Strongman (published on June 3), Gramps at the Plate (August 5), Redhead Loves Hatty Perkins (September 16), People in a Theatre Balcony (October 14), and Man Playing Santa (December 9).<mask> was published eight times on the Post cover within the first year. Ultimately, <mask> published 323 original covers for The Saturday Evening Post over 47 years. His Sharp Harmony appeared on the cover of the issue dated September 26, 1936; it depicts a barber and three clients, enjoying an a cappella song. The image was adopted by SPEBSQSA in its promotion of the art. <mask>'s success on the cover of the Post led to covers for other magazines of the day, most notably the Literary Digest, the Country Gentleman, Leslie's Weekly, Judge, Peoples Popular Monthly and Life magazine. When <mask>'s tenure began with The Saturday Evening Post in 1916, he left his salaried position at Boys' Life, but continued to include scouts in Post cover images and the monthly magazine of the American Red Cross. He resumed work with the Boy Scouts of America in 1926 with production of his first of fifty-one original illustrations for the official Boy Scouts of America annual calendar, which still may be seen in the Norman Rockwell Art Gallery at the National Scouting Museum in Cimarron, New Mexico.During World War I, he tried to enlist into the U.S. Navy but was refused entry because, at , he was eight pounds underweight for someone  tall. To compensate, he spent one night gorging himself on bananas, liquids and doughnuts, and weighed enough to enlist the next day. He was given the role of a military artist, however, and did not see any action during his tour of duty. World War II

In 1943, during World War II, <mask> painted the Four Freedoms series, which was completed in seven months and resulted in him losing fifteen pounds. The series was inspired by a speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt, wherein Roosevelt described and articulated Four Freedoms for universal rights. <mask> then painted Freedom from Want, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship and Freedom from Fear. The paintings were published in 1943 by The Saturday Evening Post.<mask> used the Pennell shipbuilding family from Brunswick, Maine as models for two of the paintings, Freedom from Want and A Thankful Mother, and would combine models from photographs and his own vision to create his idealistic paintings. The United States Department of the Treasury later promoted war bonds by exhibiting the originals in sixteen cities. <mask> considered Freedom of Speech to be the best of the four. That same year, a fire in his studio destroyed numerous original paintings, costumes, and props. Because the period costumes and props were irreplaceable, the fire split his career into two phases, the second phase depicting modern characters and situations. <mask> was contacted by writer Elliott Caplin, brother of cartoonist Al Capp, with the suggestion that the three of them should make a daily comic strip together, with Caplin and his brother writing and <mask> drawing. King Features Syndicate is reported to have promised a $1,000 per week deal, knowing that a Capp-Rockwell collaboration would gain strong public interest.The project was ultimately aborted, however, as it turned out that <mask>, known for his perfectionism as an artist, could not deliver material so quickly as would be required of him for a daily comic strip. Later career
During the late 1940s, <mask> spent the winter months as artist-in-residence at Otis College of Art and Design. Students occasionally were models for his Saturday Evening Post covers. In 1949, <mask> donated an original Post cover, April Fool, to be raffled off in a library fund raiser. In 1959, after his wife Mary died suddenly from a heart attack, <mask> took time off from his work to grieve. It was during that break that he and his son Thomas produced <mask>'s autobiography, My Adventures as an Illustrator, which was published in 1960. The Post printed excerpts from this book in eight consecutive issues, the first containing <mask>'s famous Triple Self-Portrait.<mask>'s last painting for the Post was published in 1963, marking the end of a publishing relationship that had included 321 cover paintings. He spent the next 10 years painting for Look magazine, where his work depicted his interests in civil rights, poverty, and space exploration. In 1966, <mask> was invited to Hollywood to paint portraits of the stars of the film

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 Stagecoach, and also found himself appearing as an extra in the film, playing a "mangy old gambler". In 1968, <mask> was commissioned to do an album cover portrait of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper for their record, The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper. In 1969, as a tribute on the 75th anniversary of <mask>'s birth, officials of Brown & Bigelow and the Boy Scouts of America asked <mask> to pose in Beyond the Easel, the calendar illustration that year. In 1969 the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation commissioned <mask> to paint the Glen Canyon Dam. His last commission for the Boy Scouts of America was a calendar illustration entitled The Spirit of 1976, which was completed when <mask> was 82, concluding a partnership which generated 471 images for periodicals, guidebooks, calendars, and promotional materials.His connection to the BSA spanned 64 years, marking the longest professional association of his career. His legacy and style for the BSA has been carried on by Joseph Csatari. For "vivid and affectionate portraits of our country", <mask> was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States of America's highest civilian honor, in 1977 by President Gerald Ford. <mask>'s son, Jarvis, accepted the award. <mask> died on November 8, 1978, of emphysema at age 84 in his Stockbridge, Massachusetts, home. First Lady Rosalynn Carter attended his funeral. Personal life

<mask> married his first wife, Irene O'Connor, in 1916.Irene was <mask>'s model in Mother Tucking Children into Bed, published on the cover of The Literary Digest on January 19, 1921. The couple divorced in 1930. Depressed, he moved briefly to Alhambra, California as a guest of his old friend Clyde Forsythe. There he painted some of his best-known paintings including The Doctor and the Doll. While there he met and married schoolteacher Mary Barstow in 1930. The couple returned to New York shortly after their marriage. They had three children: Jarvis Waring, Thomas Rhodes, and Peter Barstow.The family lived at 24 Lord Kitchener Road in the Bonnie Crest neighborhood of New Rochelle, New York. <mask> and his wife were not regular church attendees, although they were members of St. John's Wilmot Church, an Episcopal church near their home, where their sons were baptized. <mask> moved to Arlington, Vermont, in 1939 where his work began to reflect small-town life. He would later be joined by his good friend, John Carlton Atherton. In 1953, the <mask> family moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts, so that his wife could be treated at the Austen Riggs Center, a psychiatric hospital at 25 Main Street, close to where <mask> set up his studio. <mask> also received psychiatric treatment, seeing the analyst Erik Erikson, who was on staff at Riggs. Erikson told biographer Laura Claridge that he painted his happiness, but did not live it.In 1959, Mary died unexpectedly of a heart attack. <mask> married his third wife, retired Milton Academy English teacher, Mary Leete "Mollie" Punderson (1896-1985), on October 25, 1961. His Stockbridge studio was located on the second floor of a row of buildings. Directly underneath <mask>'s studio was, for a time in 1966, the Back Room Rest, better known as the famous "Alice's Restaurant". During his time in Stockbridge, chief of police William Obanhein was a frequent model for <mask>'s paintings. From 1961 until his death, <mask> was a member of the Monday Evening Club, a men's literary group based in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. At his funeral, five members of the club served as pallbearers, along with <mask>.Legacy

A custodianship of his original paintings and drawings was established with <mask>'s help near his home in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and the Norman Rockwell Museum still is open today year-round. The museum's collection includes more than 700 original Rockwell paintings, drawings, and studies. The Rockwell Center for American Visual Studies at the Norman Rockwell Museum is a national research institute dedicated to American illustration art. <mask>'s work was exhibited at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2001. <mask>'s Breaking Home Ties sold for $15.4 million at a 2006 Sotheby's auction. A 12-city U.S. tour of Rockwell's works took place in 2008. In 2008, <mask> was named the official state artist of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.The 2013 sale of Saying Grace for $46 million (including buyer's premium) established a new record price for <mask>. <mask>'s work was exhibited at the Reading Public Museum and the Church History Museum in 2013–2014. In 1981, <mask>'s painting Girl at Mirror was used for the cover of Prism's fifth studio album Small Change. <mask> is among the figures depicted in Our Nation's 200th Birthday, The Telephone's 100th Birthday (1976) by Stanley Meltzoff for Bell System which Meltzoff based on <mask>'s 1948 painting The Gossips. In the film Empire of the Sun, a young boy (played by Christian Bale) is put to bed by his loving parents in a scene also inspired by a Rockwell painting—a reproduction of which is later kept by the young boy during his captivity in a prison camp ("Freedom from Fear", 1943). The 1994 film Forrest Gump includes a shot in a school that re-creates Rockwell's "Girl with Black Eye" with young Forrest in place of the girl. Much of the film drew heavy visual inspiration from <mask>'s art.Film director George Lucas owns <mask>'s original of "The Peach Crop", and his colleague Steven Spielberg owns a sketch of <mask>'s Triple Self-Portrait. Each of the artworks hangs in the respective filmmaker's work space. <mask> is a major character in an episode of Lucas' The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, "Passion for Life," portrayed by Lukas Haas. Museum director Thomas S. Buechner said that <mask>'s art is important for standing the test of time, "When the last half century is explored by the future, a few paintings will continue to communicate with the same immediacy and veracity they have today." In 2005, May Corporation, that previously bought Marshall Field's from Target Corp., was bought by Federated Department Stores. After the sale, Federated discovered that Rockwell's The Clock Mender displayed in the store was a reproduction. Rockwell had donated the painting, which depicts a repairman setting the time on one of the Marshall Field and Company Building clocks, and was depicted on the cover of the November 3, 1945 Saturday Evening Post, to the store in 1948.Target had since donated the original to the Chicago History Museum. On an anniversary of <mask>'s birth, on February 3, 2010, Google featured <mask>'s iconic image of young love "Boy and Girl Gazing at the Moon", which is also known as "Puppy Love", on its home page. The response was so great that day that the <mask>well museum's servers were overwhelmed by the volume of traffic. "Dreamland", a track from Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace's 2009 album Burn Burn, was inspired by <mask>'s paintings. The cover for the Oingo Boingo album Only a Lad is a parody of the Boy Scouts of America 1960 official handbook cover illustrated by <mask>. Lana Del Rey named her sixth studio album, Norman Fucking Rockwell! (2019), after <mask>.Major works

 Scout at Ship's Wheel (first published magazine cover illustration, Boys' Life, September 1913)
 Santa and Scouts in Snow (1913)
 Boy with Baby Carriage (1916; first Saturday Evening Post cover)
 Circus Barker and Strongman (1916)
 Gramps at the Plate (1916)
 Redhead Loves Hatty Perkins (1916)
 People in a Theatre Balcony (1916)
 Tain't You (1917; first Life magazine cover)
 Cousin Reginald Goes to the Country (1917; first Country Gentleman cover)
 Santa and Expense Book (1920)
 Mother Tucking Children into Bed (1921; first wife Irene is the model)
 No Swimming (1921)
 Santa with Elves (1922)
 The Love Song (1926, Ladies Home Journal)
 Doctor and Doll (1929)
 Deadline (1938)
 Girl Reading the Post (1941) - In 1943, <mask> gifted this painting to Walt Disney whose daughter, Diane Disney Miller, gifted it to The Norman Rockwell Museum at Stockbridge in 2000. The Four Freedoms (1943)
 Freedom of Speech (1943)
 Freedom of Worship (1943)
 Freedom from Want (1943)
 Freedom from Fear (1943)
 Rosie the Riveter (1943)
 We, Too, Have a Job to Do (1944)
 Going and Coming (1947)
 Tough Call (also known as Game Called Because of Rain, Bottom of the Sixth, or The Three Umpires; 1948)
 The New Television Set (1949)
 Saying Grace (1951)
 Waiting for the Vet (1952)
 The Young Lady with a Shiner (1953)
 Walking to Church (1953)
 Girl at Mirror (1954)
 Breaking Home Ties (1954)
 The Marriage License (1955)
 The Scoutmaster (1956)
 The Rookie (1957)
 The Runaway (1958)
 A Family Tree (1959)
 Triple Self-Portrait (1960)
 Golden Rule (1961)
 The Connoisseur (1962)
 The Problem We All Live With (1964)
 Southern Justice (Murder in Mississippi) (1965)
 New Kids in the Neighborhood (1967)
 Russian Schoolroom (1967)
 The Spirit of 1976 (1976) (stolen in 1978, recovered in 2001 by the FBI's Robert King Wittman)

Film posters and album cover

Rockwell provided illustrations for several film posters during his career. The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938)
 The Magnificent Ambersons (1942)
 The Song of Bernadette (1943)
 Along Came Jones (1945)
 The Razor's Edge (1946)
 Cinderfella (1960)
 Stagecoach (1966)

He designed an album cover for The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper (1969). He was also commissioned by English musician David Bowie to design the cover artwork for his 1975 album Young Americans, but the offer was retracted after Rockwell informed him he would need at least half a year to complete a painting for the album. Displays
 Norman Rockwell Museum in Stockbridge, Massachusetts
 Rockwell Collection at the National Museum of American Illustration
 Rockwell illustrations for The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn at the Mark Twain Museum in

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<mask> (; 20 December 1920 – 21 April 1992) was a Finnish author. He gained literary fame with his third novel, Tuntematon sotilas (The Unknown Soldier, published in 1954), and consolidated his position with the trilogy Täällä Pohjantähden alla (Under the North Star, published in 1959–1963 and translated into English by Richard Impola). Both have been adapted to a film format on several occasions; The Unknown Soldier was first adapted into a film in 1955 and Under the North Star in 1968 as Here, Beneath the North Star, both directed by Edvin Laine. Biography
<mask> was born in Urjala in the Pirkanmaa region. He was the seventh child of Viktor (Vihtori<mask> (1874–1928) and Johanna Maria (Maija) <mask> (1888–1972). However, Linna's father, a butcher, died when he was only seven years old. Thus his mother had to support the entire family by working at a nearby manor.Despite his background, <mask>'s interest in literature began early on. As a child, <mask> loved adventure novels which he borrowed from the local library. The author's education was, however, limited to six years at a public school which he finished in the mid-1930s. After working as a lumberjack and a farm hand at the same manor where his mother had worked, <mask> moved to Tampere in 1938. Typical of his generation, the adolescent author-to-be moved from the countryside to a developing city in search of industrial labour which he found at the Finlayson textile mills. In 1940, <mask> was conscripted into the army. The Second World War had broken out, and for Linna's part it meant participation in the Continuation War (1941–44).He fought on the eastern front. In addition to being a squad-leader, he wrote notes and observations about his and his unit's experiences. Already at this point <mask> knew that writing would be his preferred occupation. However, failure to get the notes published led him to burn them. In spite of rejection, the idea of a novel, which would depict ordinary soldiers' views on war, would later lead him to write The Unknown Soldier. After the war, <mask> got married and started writing whilst working at the mills during the day. Throughout his time at Finlayson, Väinö Linna read avidly.Such authors as Schopenhauer, Dostoyevsky, and Nietzsche gained <mask>'s respect. <mask> later said that Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front had also had a great influence on him. However, <mask>'s first two novels Päämäärä and Musta rakkaus sold poorly; he also wrote poetry but did not enjoy success with that either. Not until the release of The Unknown Soldier (1954) did he rise to fame. It is evident that at the time there was a distinct social need for a novel that would deal with the war and ordinary people's role in it. A decade after the peace treaty with the Soviet Union many Finns were ready to reminisce, some even in a critical manner. The Unknown Soldier satisfied that need completely, as its characters were unarguably more diverse, realistic yet heroic, than those of earlier Finnish war novels.The book soon became something of a best-seller, as it sold 175,000 copies in only six months – quite a lot for a Finnish novel in the 1950s. Yet, the reception of the book was harsh. In Finland's biggest newspaper, Helsingin Sanomat, the critic Toini Havu argued in her infamous review that Linna did not present his characters in a grand historical and ethical context, which she thought was crucial. Also modernists treated The Unknown Soldier with contempt. At the time Tuomas Anhava referred to The Unknown Soldier as a "boy's book" because of its action-packed storyline. The acceptance of the general public and Linna's determination were, however, enough to outdo the criticism in the end. In the mid-50s, <mask> moved to Hämeenkyrö and began to cultivate crops.In 1959, the first part of Under the North Star was released. The book was a success and other parts were to follow. The second part was published in 1960 and the final part in 1963. The third part of the novel was honoured with the Nordic Council's Literature Prize. In 1964, <mask> sold the farm and moved back to Tampere. This time he did not return to Finlayson, as he now could dedicate his life entirely to literature due to the financial success his works had earned him. He was given the honorary title of Academician in 1980, despite the fact that he had no higher education.In 1984, <mask> <mask> had a stroke, which caused him to lose the ability to speak. After some time he contracted cancer, which tired him out, leading to his death on 21 April 1992. Literary works

 (1947) Päämäärä
 (1948) Musta rakkaus
 (1949–53) Messias, (unfinished)
 (1954) Tuntematon sotilas, The Unknown Soldier
 (1959–63) Täällä Pohjantähden alla I–III, Under the North Star, translated by Richard Impola
 (1967) Oheisia
 (1990) Murroksia
 (2000) Sotaromaani, uncensored version of The Unknown Soldier

Legacy
<mask>'s realism of his work has had a profound influence on Finnish social, political and cultural life. His novels have a place in Finland's literary canon, among Kalevala, Seven Brothers and other classics. Many quotations from his works are nowadays Finnish sayings. The opening line of Under the North Star, "In the beginning there were the swamp, the hoe – and Jussi", is recognized by most Finns as well as Rokka's famous exclamation, "Where do you need a real good man, here you have one! ", from The Unknown Soldier.Showcasing the value of his legacy, <mask>inö Linna in Tampere. References

1920 births
1992 deaths
People from Urjala
People from Tampere
Writers from Pirkanmaa
Finnish male novelists
Finnish-language writers
Finnish military personnel of World War II
Nordic Council Literature Prize winners
20th-century Finnish novelists
20th-century male writers

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<mask>'Sullivan (January 8, 1864 – January 18, 1943), was an organizer in the early U.S. labor movement. She learned early the importance of unions from poor treatment received at her first job in dressmaking. Making a career in bookbinding, she joined the Ladies Federal Local Union Number 2703 and organized her own group from within, Woman's Bookbinding Union Number 1. Her women's bookbinding union became a branch of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and she went on to become a full-salaried organizer. Though she would not hold the position for long she is remembered as being the first woman AFL employed on a full salary. She was a member of the Jane Addams's settlement house movement, moving into Hull House in the 1880s. There she proceeded to organize women's work and clubs.Later in 1884, she married a labor editor and organizer named John O'Sullivan at Boston. They moved into Denison House, a settlement house where O'Sullivan continued to perform labor organizing. This was a unique opportunity for her as it was uncommon for husbands to support their wives working. Together they had 3 children. In 1903 in what may be her greatest achievement, O'Sullivan would become a founder of the Women's Trade Union League. She worked with the union in many reform actions. She also aided the Industrial Workers of the World during the Lawrence Textile Strike.She ultimately ended her career in labor as an inspector for the Massachusetts Board of Labor and Industries, a position she held for 20 years. Early life

<mask> was born in Hannibal, Missouri to Irish immigrants. She achieved only a fourth grade education but went on to apprentice as a dressmaker. She spent a two-year period dressmaking with no pay. Post-dressmaking O'Sullivan learned the bindery trade and became an accomplished book binder. It was this experience, and her early work in bookbinding that led her to understand the need for unionization. Working to support her mother, O'Sullivan moved to Chicago in 1888.There she continued her bindery career, but to garner support for herself and other women like her she joined Ladies Federal Local Union Number 2703 and started her union organization, Woman's Bookbinding Union Number 1. While organizing women's labor she lived in Hull House. Upon meeting and getting to know Jane Addams she gained permission to hold union meetings at the house. Eventually she would establish her own co-op within the house specifically for women making low-wages. Her union organization became a part of the AFL and as a result she was elected to delegate to the Chicago Trades and Labor Assembly. Further along in 1892 she was made the first full salaried organizer for the AFL, where she was given the opportunity to travel extensively on the east coast, organizing a multitude of workers. In the year after she was terminated <mask> would continue to work in labor organization, particularly with Florence Kelley.She also worked on women's suffrage while in Chicago, a bill which unfortunately did not pass. Boston Labor

Kenney married a labor editor named Jack O'Sullivan in 1894. They moved to Boston and lived in Denison House, a settlement house similar to Hull House. An unusual family for the time, <mask> and Jack both worked and looked after the home. Throughout their marriage O'Sullivan continued her organizing mostly through the settlement house, holding discussion groups for working women, focused on the need for solidarity. Sadly her husband died in a tragic streetcar accident in 1902. From these discussions came the beginnings of an organization that would provide working women from varied backgrounds a central voice, enabling them to unite for better wages and conditions.This organization would be the umbrella from which women's unions could develop prosper. O'Sullivan's opportunity came in November 1903 while at an AFL convention. Labor leader and President of AFL Samuel Gompers allowed her time at the microphone to announce the founding of the National Women's Trade Union League (WTUL). The first meeting included women from many previously established unions, as well as settlement house leaders and reformists. <mask> O'Sullivan would be made secretary of the organization. O'Sullivan's work for women included not only union organization but voting rights as well. In 1906 she spoke to a voting committee in the U.S. House of Representatives on the Constitutional amendment giving women the vote.She argued that women were producers in American society, and that every producer retains the right to vote. Similarly the WTUL was considered the "industrial branch" of the suffrage movement. When the AFL renewed its support of a Constitutional Amendment for suffrage every year O'Sullivan often announced its support. She wrote a circular (circa 1913-1915) for the National American Woman Suffrage Association entitled 'Why the Working Woman Needs the Vote'

Lawrence Textile Strike

Her time with the WTUL came to an end in 1912 during the Lawrence Textile Strike. Initially the WTUL was able to offer support, opening a relief station providing strikers with survival goods, O'Sullivan was made the operator. However the AFL was opposed to the strike. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), a rival union organization which held opposing viewpoints, supported the strike.The AFL demanded that organizations under its control, which included WTUL withdraw any support. While WTUL did comply, O'Sullivan did not and stayed on with IWW. This gained her the "ire" of AFL and unfortunately the AFL also reprimanded WTUL. The relationship between both organizations was considerably rocky from this point forward. O'Sullivan disagreed with the IWW's politics but saw merit in their organizing tactics. She was also very supportive of their inclusiveness policy. She thought that IWW's policy of including diverse ethnic and craft divisions would "lead to that 'spirit of confidence'".She played a key role in meeting with strikers and the strike committee. She even played negotiator with William Wood who was chairman of American Woolen Company. Ultimately the strike would end in favor of the workers. Later years

After O'Sullivan finished her relief work with the Lawrence Strike she went on to get legislation passed that would improve the conditions in Massachusetts's factories. She was hired in 1914 by the state as the inspector for the Massachusetts Board of Labor and Industries, a position which gave her the power to enforce the laws she helped pass. She held that position until she retired from labor organizing in 1934. During her years as an inspector she participated in many speaking events.In 1926 she was a delegate to the Women's Peace Conference, and spoke often at Boston's Ford Hall Forum. O'Sullivan died at 79 years old in 1943 at her home in Medford, Massachusetts. Tribute
In 1999 a series of six tall marble panels with a bronze bust in each was added to the Massachusetts State House; the busts are of O'Sullivan, Florence Luscomb, Dorothea Dix, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Sarah Parker Remond, and Lucy Stone. As well, two quotations from each of those women (including O'Sullivan) are etched on their own marble panel, and the wall behind all the panels has wallpaper made of six government documents repeated over and over, with each document being related to a cause of one or more of the women. References

External links
 Papers, 1892–1943. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. American trade unionists of Irish descent
1864 births
1943 deaths
American suffragists
Industrial Workers of the World members
Women's Trade Union League people
People from Hannibal, Missouri
Trade unionists from Massachusetts

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Mary Kenney
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Mary Kenney