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 Bush administration's position.He stated that Iraq was "a clear and present danger to the United States of America", and voted accordingly for the Iraq War Resolution in October 2002. He predicted that U.S. forces would be treated as liberators by a large number of the Iraqi people. In May 2003, <mask> voted against the second round of Bush tax cuts, saying it was unwise at a time of war. By November 2003, after a trip to Iraq, he was publicly questioning Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, saying that more U.S. troops were needed; the following year, <mask> announced that he had lost confidence in Rumsfeld. In October 2003, <mask> and Lieberman co-sponsored the Climate Stewardship Act that would have introduced a cap and trade system aimed at returning greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels; the bill was defeated with 55 votes to 43 in the Senate. They reintroduced modified versions of the Act two additional times, for the final time in January 2007 with the co-sponsorship of Barack Obama, among others. In the 2004 U.S. presidential election campaign, <mask> was once again frequently mentioned for the vice-presidential slot, only this time as part of the Democratic ticket under nominee <mask>.<mask> said that Kerry had never formally offered him the position and that he would not have accepted it if he had. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, <mask> supported Bush for re-election, praising Bush's management of the War on Terror since the September 11 attacks. At the same time, he defended Kerry's Vietnam War record. By August 2004, <mask> had the best favorable-to-unfavorable rating (55 percent to 19 percent) of any national politician; he campaigned for Bush much more than he had four years previously, though the two remained situational allies rather than friends. <mask> was also up for re-election as senator, in 2004. He defeated little-known Democratic schoolteacher Stuart Starky with his biggest margin of victory, garnering 77 percent of the vote. Start of fourth Senate term

In May 2005, <mask> led the so-called Gang of 14 in the Senate, which established a compromise that preserved the ability of senators to filibuster judicial nominees, but only in "extraordinary circumstances".The compromise took the steam out of the filibuster movement, but some Republicans remained disappointed that the compromise did not eliminate filibusters of judicial nominees in all circumstances. <mask> subsequently cast Supreme Court confirmation votes in favor of <mask> and Samuel Alito, calling them "two of the finest justices ever appointed to the United States Supreme Court." Breaking from his 2001 and 2003 votes, <mask> supported the Bush tax cut extension in May 2006, saying not to do so would amount to a tax increase. Working with Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy, <mask> was a strong proponent of comprehensive immigration reform, which would involve legalization, guest worker programs, and border enforcement components. The Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act was never voted on in 2005, while the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 passed the Senate in May 2006 but failed in the House. In June 2007, President Bush, <mask>, and others made the strongest push yet for such a bill, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, but it aroused intense grassroots opposition among talk radio listeners and others, some of whom furiously characterized the proposal as an "amnesty" program, and the bill twice failed to gain cloture in the Senate. By the middle of the 2000s (decade), the increased Indian gaming that <mask> had helped bring about was a $23 billion industry.He was twice chairman of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, in 1995–1997 and 2005–2007, and his Committee helped expose the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal. By 2005 and 2006, <mask> was pushing for amendments to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act which would have limited creation of off-reservation casinos, and also limited the movement of tribes across state lines to build casinos. Owing to his time as a POW, <mask> was recognized for his sensitivity to the detention and interrogation of detainees in the War on Terror. An opponent of the Bush administration's use of torture and detention without trial at Guantánamo Bay, saying: "some of these guys are terrible, terrible killers and the worst kind of scum of humanity. But, one, they deserve to have some adjudication of their cases... even Adolf Eichmann got a trial". In October 2005, <mask> introduced the McCain Detainee Amendment to the Defense Appropriations bill for 2005, and the Senate voted 90–9 to support the amendment. It prohibits inhumane treatment of prisoners, including prisoners at Guantánamo, by confining military interrogations to the techniques in the U.S. Army Field Manual on Interrogation.Although Bush had threatened to veto the bill if <mask>'s amendment was included, the President announced in December 2005 that he accepted <mask>'s terms and would "make it clear to the world that this government does not torture and that we adhere to the international convention of torture, whether it be here at home or abroad". This stance, among others, led to <mask> being named by Time magazine in 2006 as one of America's 10 Best Senators. <mask> voted in February 2008 against a bill containing a ban on waterboarding, which provision was later narrowly passed and vetoed by Bush. However, the bill in question contained other provisions to which <mask> objected, and his spokesman stated: "This wasn't a vote on waterboarding. This was a vote on applying the standards of the [Army] field manual to CIA personnel." Meanwhile, <mask> continued questioning the progress of the war in Iraq. In September 2005, he remarked upon Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers' optimistic outlook on the war's progress: "Things have not gone as well as we had planned or expected, nor as we were told by you, General Myers."In August 2006, he criticized the administration for continually understating the effectiveness of the insurgency: "We [have] not told the American people how tough and difficult this could be." From the beginning, <mask> strongly supported the Iraq troop surge of 2007. The strategy's opponents labeled it "<mask>'s plan" and University of Virginia political science professor Larry Sabato said, "<mask> owns Iraq just as much as Bush does now." The surge and the war were unpopular during most of the year, even within the Republican Party, as <mask>'s presidential campaign was underway; faced with the consequences, <mask> frequently responded, "I would much rather lose a campaign than a war." In March 2008, <mask> credited the surge strategy with reducing violence in Iraq, as he made his eighth trip to that country since the war began. 2008 presidential campaign

<mask> formally announced his intention to run for President of the United States on April 25, 2007, in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He stated that: "I'm not running for president to be somebody, but to do something; to do the hard but necessary things, not the easy and needless things."<mask>'s oft-cited strengths as a presidential candidate for 2008 included national name recognition, sponsorship of major lobbying and campaign finance reform initiatives, his ability to reach across the aisle, his well-known military service and experience as a POW, his experience from the 2000 presidential campaign, and an expectation that he would capture Bush's top fundraisers. During the 2006 election cycle, <mask> had attended 346 events and helped raise more than $10.5 million on behalf of Republican candidates. <mask> also became more willing to ask business and industry for campaign contributions, while maintaining that such contributions would not affect any official decisions he would make. Despite being considered the front-runner for the nomination by pundits as 2007 began, <mask> was in second place behind former Mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani in national Republican polls as the year progressed. <mask> had fundraising problems in the first half of 2007, due in part to his support for the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, which was unpopular among the Republican base electorate. Large-scale campaign staff downsizing took place in early July, but <mask> said that he was not considering dropping out of the race. Later that month, the candidate's campaign manager and campaign chief strategist both departed.<mask> slumped badly in national polls, often running third or fourth with 15 percent or less support. The Arizona senator subsequently resumed his familiar position as a political underdog, riding the Straight Talk Express and taking advantage of free media such as debates and sponsored events. By December 2007, the Republican race was unsettled, with none of the top-tier candidates dominating the race and all of them possessing major vulnerabilities with different elements of the Republican base electorate. <mask> was showing a resurgence, in particular with renewed strength in New Hampshire—the scene of his 2000 triumph—and was bolstered further by the endorsements of The Boston Globe, the New Hampshire Union Leader, and almost two dozen other state newspapers, as well as from Senator Lieberman (now an Independent Democrat). <mask> decided not to campaign significantly in the January 3, 2008, Iowa caucuses, which saw a win by former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee. <mask>'s comeback plan paid off when he won the New Hampshire primary on January 8, defeating former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney in a close contest, to once again become one of the front-runners in the race. In mid-January, <mask> placed first in the South Carolina primary, narrowly defeating Mike Huckabee.Pundits credited the third-place finisher, Tennessee's former U.S. Senator Fred Thompson, with drawing votes from Huckabee in South Carolina, thereby giving a narrow win to <mask>. A week later, <mask> won the Florida primary, beating Romney again in a close contest; Giuliani then dropped out and endorsed <mask>. On February 5, <mask> won both the majority of states and delegates in the Super Tuesday Republican primaries, giving him a commanding lead toward the Republican nomination. Romney departed from the race on February7. <mask>'s wins in the March4 primaries clinched a majority of the delegates, and he became the presumptive Republican nominee. Had he been elected, he would have become the first president physically born outside the United States.This raised a potential legal issue, since the United States Constitution requires the president to be a natural-born citizen of the United States. A bipartisan legal review, and a unanimous but non-binding Senate resolution, both concluded that he was a natural-born citizen. If inaugurated in 2009 at the age of 72 years and 144 days, he would have been the oldest person to become president. <mask> addressed concerns about his age and past health issues, stating in 2005 that his health was "excellent". He had been treated for melanoma and an operation in 2000 for that condition left a noticeable mark on the left side of his face. <mask>'s prognosis appeared favorable, according to independent experts, especially because he had already survived without a recurrence for more than seven years. In May 2008, <mask>'s campaign briefly let the press review his medical records, and he was described as appearing cancer-free, having a strong heart, and in general being in good health.<mask> clinched enough delegates for the nomination and his focus shifted toward the general election, while Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton fought a prolonged battle for the Democratic nomination. <mask> introduced various policy proposals, and sought to improve his fundraising. <mask>, who accounted for most of the couple's wealth with an estimated net worth of $100 million, made part of her tax returns public in May. After facing criticism about lobbyists on staff, the <mask> campaign issued new rules in May 2008 to avoid conflicts of interest, causing five top aides to leave. When Obama became the Democrats' presumptive nominee in early June, <mask> proposed joint town hall meetings, but Obama instead requested more traditional debates for the fall. In July, a staff shake-up put Steve Schmidt in full operational control of the <mask> campaign. Rick Davis remained as campaign manager but with a reduced role.Davis had also managed <mask>'s 2000 presidential campaign; in 2005 and 2006, U.S. intelligence warned <mask>'s Senate staff about Davis's Russian links but gave no further warnings. Throughout the summer of 2008, Obama typically led <mask> in national polls by single-digit margins, and also led in several key swing states. <mask> reprised his familiar underdog role, which was due at least in part to the overall challenges Republicans faced in the election year. <mask> accepted public financing for the general election campaign, and the restrictions that go with it, while criticizing his Democratic opponent for becoming the first major party candidate to opt out of such financing for the general election since the system was implemented in 1976. The Republican's broad campaign theme focused on his experience and ability to lead, compared to Obama's. On August 29, 2008, <mask> revealed Alaska Governor Sarah Palin as his surprise choice for a running mate. <mask> was only the second U.S. major-party presidential nominee (after Walter Mondale, who chose Geraldine Ferraro) to select a woman as his running mate and the first Republican to do so.On September 3, 2008, <mask> and Palin became the Republican Party's presidential and vice presidential nominees at the 2008 Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, Minnesota. <mask> surged ahead of Obama in national polls following the convention, as the Palin pick energized core Republican voters who had previously been wary of him. However, by the campaign's own later admission, the rollout of Palin to the national media went poorly, and voter reactions to Palin grew increasingly negative, especially among independents and other voters concerned about her qualifications. <mask>'s decision to choose Sarah Palin as his running mate was criticized; New York Times journalist David Brooks said that "he took a disease that was running through the Republican party – anti-intellectualism, disrespect for facts – and he put it right at the centre of the party". Laura McGann in Vox says that <mask> gave the "reality TV politics" and Tea Party movement more political legitimacy, as well as solidifying "the Republican Party's comfort with a candidate who would say absurdities... unleashing a political style and a values system that animated the Tea Party movement and laid the groundwork for a Trump presidency." Although <mask> later expressed regret for not choosing the independent Senator Joe Lieberman (who had previously been Al Gore's running mate in 2000, while still elected as a Democrat) as his VP candidate instead, he consistently defended Palin's performances at his events. On September 24, <mask> said he was temporarily suspending his campaign activities, called on Obama to join him, and proposed delaying the first of the general election debates with Obama, in order to work on the proposed U.S. financial system bailout before Congress, which was targeted at addressing the subprime mortgage crisis and the financial crisis of 2007–2008.<mask>'s intervention helped to give dissatisfied House Republicans an opportunity to propose changes to the plan that was otherwise close to agreement. After Obama

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 declined <mask>'s suspension suggestion, <mask> went ahead with the debate on September 26. On October 1, <mask> voted in favor of a revised $700 billion rescue plan. Another debate was held on October 7; like the first one, polls afterward suggested that Obama had won it. A final presidential debate occurred on October 15. Down the stretch, <mask> was outspent by Obama by a four-to-one margin. During and after the final debate, <mask> compared Obama's proposed policies to socialism and often invoked "Joe the Plumber" as a symbol of American small business dreams that would be thwarted by an Obama presidency.He barred using the Jeremiah Wright controversy in ads against Obama, but the campaign did frequently criticize Obama regarding his purported relationship with Bill Ayers. His rallies became increasingly vitriolic, with attendees denigrating Obama and displaying a growing anti-Muslim and anti-African-American sentiment. During a campaign rally in Minnesota, Gayle Quinnell, a <mask> supporter, told him she did not trust Obama because "he's an Arab". <mask> replied, "No ma'am. He's a decent family man, citizen, that I just happen to have disagreements with on fundamental issues." <mask>'s response was considered one of the finer moments of the campaign and was still being viewed several years later as a marker for civility in American politics, particularly in light of the anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant animus of the Donald Trump presidency. Meghan <mask> said that she cannot "go a day without someone bringing up (that) moment," and noted that at the time "there were a lot of people really trying to get my dad to go (against Obama) with... you're a Muslim, you're not an American aspect of that," but that her father had refused."I can remember thinking that it was a morally amazing and beautiful moment, but that maybe there would be people in the Republican Party that would be quite angry," she said. The election took place on November 4, and Barack Obama was declared the projected winner at about 11:00 pm Eastern Standard Time; <mask> delivered his concession speech in Phoenix, Arizona about twenty minutes later. In it, he noted the historic and special significance of Obama being elected the nation's first African American president. In the end, <mask> won 173 electoral votes to Obama's 365; <mask> failed to win most of the battleground states and lost some traditionally Republican ones. <mask> gained 46 percent of the nationwide popular vote, compared to Obama's 53 percent. Senate career after 2008

Remainder of fourth Senate term

Following his defeat, <mask> returned to the Senate amid varying views about what role he might play there. In mid-November 2008 he met with President-elect Obama, and the two discussed issues they had commonality on.Around the same time, <mask> indicated that he intended to run for re-election to his Senate seat in 2010. As the inauguration neared, Obama consulted with <mask> on a variety of matters, to an extent rarely seen between a president-elect and his defeated rival, and President Obama's inauguration speech contained an allusion to <mask>'s theme of finding a purpose greater than oneself. Nevertheless, <mask> emerged as a leader of the Republican opposition to the Obama economic stimulus package of 2009, saying it incorporated federal policy changes that had nothing to do with near-term job creation and would expand the growing federal budget deficit. <mask> also voted against Obama's Supreme Court nomination of Sonia Sotomayor—saying that while undeniably qualified, "I do not believe that she shares my belief in judicial restraint"—and by August 2009 was siding more often with his Republican Party on closely divided votes than ever before in his senatorial career. <mask> reasserted that the War in Afghanistan was winnable and criticized Obama for a slow process in deciding whether to send additional U.S. troops there. <mask> also harshly criticized Obama for scrapping construction of the U.S. missile defense complex in Poland, declined to enter negotiations over climate change legislation similar to what he had proposed in the past, and strongly opposed the Obama health care plan. <mask> led a successful filibuster of a measure that would allow repeal of the military's "Don't ask, don't tell" policy towards gays.Factors involved in <mask>'s new direction included Senate staffers leaving, a renewed concern over national debt levels and the scope of federal government, a possible Republican primary challenge from conservatives in 2010, and <mask>'s campaign edge being slow to wear off. As one longtime <mask> advisor said, "A lot of people, including me, thought he might be the Republican building bridges to the Obama Administration. But he's been more like the guy blowing up the bridges." In early 2010, a primary challenge from radio talk show host and former U.S. Congressman J. D. Hayworth materialized in the 2010 U.S. Senate election in Arizona and drew support from some but not all elements of the Tea Party movement. With Hayworth using the campaign slogan "The Consistent Conservative", <mask> said—despite his own past use of the term on a number of occasions—"I never considered myself a maverick. I consider myself a person who serves the people of Arizona to the best of his abilities."The primary challenge coincided with <mask> reversing or muting his stance on some issues such as the bank bailouts, closing of the Guantánamo Bay detention camp, campaign finance restrictions, and gays in the military. When the health care plan, now called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, passed Congress and became law in March 2010, <mask> strongly opposed the landmark legislation not only on its merits but also on the way it had been handled in Congress. As a consequence, he warned that congressional Republicans would not work with Democrats on anything else: "There will be no cooperation for the rest of the year. They have poisoned the well in what they've done and how they've done it." <mask> became a vocal defender of Arizona SB 1070, the April 2010 tough anti-illegal immigration state law that aroused national controversy, saying that the state had been forced to take action given the federal government's inability to control the border. In the August 24 primary, <mask> beat Hayworth by a 56 to 32 percent margin. <mask> proceeded to easily defeat Democratic Tucson city councilman Rodney Glassman in the general election.In the lame duck session of the 111th Congress, <mask> voted for the compromise Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010, but against the DREAM Act (which he had once sponsored) and the New START Treaty. Most prominently, he continued to lead the eventually losing fight against "Don't ask, don't tell" repeal. In his opposition, he sometimes fell into anger or hostility on the Senate floor, and called its passage "a very sad day" that would compromise the battle effectiveness of the military. Fifth Senate term

While control of the House of Representatives went over to the Republicans in the 112th Congress, the Senate stayed Democratic and <mask> continued to be the ranking member of the Senate Armed Services Committee. As the Arab Spring took center stage, <mask> urged that the embattled Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak, step down and thought the U.S. should push for democratic reforms in the region despite the associated risks of religious extremists gaining power. <mask> was an especially vocal supporter of the 2011 military intervention in Libya. In April of that year he visited the Anti-Gaddafi forces and National Transitional Council in Benghazi, the highest-ranking American to do so, and said that the rebel forces were "my heroes".In June, he joined with Senator Kerry in offering a resolution that would have authorized the military intervention, and said: "The administration's disregard for the elected representatives of the American people on this matter has been troubling and counterproductive." In August, <mask> voted for the Budget Control Act of 2011 that resolved the U.S. debt ceiling crisis. In November, <mask> and Senator Carl Levin were leaders in efforts to codify in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 that terrorism suspects, no matter where captured, could be detained by the U.S. military and its tribunal system; following objections by civil libertarians, some Democrats, and the White House, <mask> and Levin agreed to language making it clear that the bill would not pertain to U.S. citizens. In the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries, <mask> endorsed former 2008 rival Mitt Romney and campaigned for him, but compared the contest to a Greek tragedy due to its drawn-out nature with massive super PAC-funded attack ads damaging all the contenders. He labeled the Supreme Court's 2010 Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission decision as "uninformed, arrogant, naïve", and, decrying its effects and the future scandals he thought it would bring, said it would become considered the court's "worst decision... in the 21st century". <mask> took the lead in opposing the defense spending sequestrations brought on by the Budget Control Act of 2011 and gained attention for defending State Department aide Huma Abedin against charges brought by a few House Republicans that she had ties to the Muslim Brotherhood. <mask> continued to be one of the most frequently appearing guests on the Sunday morning news talk shows.He became one of the most vocal critics of the Obama administration's handling of the September 11, 2012, attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi, saying it was a "debacle" that featured either "a massive cover-up or incompetence that is not acceptable" and that it was worse than the Watergate scandal. As an outgrowth of this strong opposition, he and a few other senators were successful in blocking the planned nomination of Ambassador to the UN Susan Rice to succeed Hillary Rodham Clinton as U.S. Secretary of State; <mask>'s friend and colleague <mask> was nominated instead. Regarding the Syrian civil war that had begun in 2011, <mask> repeatedly argued for the U.S. intervening militarily in the conflict on the side of the anti-government forces. He staged a visit to rebel forces inside Syria in May 2013, the first senator to do so, and called for arming the Free Syrian Army with heavy weapons and for the establishment of a no-fly zone over the country. Following reports that two of the people he posed for pictures with had been responsible for the kidnapping of eleven Lebanese Shiite pilgrims the year before, <mask> disputed one of the identifications and said he had not met directly with the other. Following the 2013 Ghouta chemical weapons attack, <mask> argued again for strong American military action against the government of the Syrian president, Bashar al-Assad, and in September 2013 cast a Foreign Relations committee vote in favor of Obama's request to Congress that it authorize a military response. <mask> took the lead in criticizing a growing non-interventionist movement within the Republican Party, exemplified by his March 2013 comment that Senators Rand Paul and Ted Cruz and Representative Justin Amash were "wacko birds".During 2013, <mask> was a member of a bi-partisan group of senators, the "Gang of Eight", which announced principles for another try at comprehensive immigration reform. The resulting Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 passed the Senate by a 68–32 margin, but faced an uncertain future in the House. In July 2013, <mask> was at the forefront of an agreement among senators to drop filibusters against Obama administration executive nominees without Democrats resorting to the "nuclear option" that would disallow such filibusters altogether. However, the option would be imposed later in the year anyway, to the senator's displeasure. These developments and some other negotiations showed that <mask> now had improved relations with the Obama administration, including the president himself, as well as with Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, and that he had become the leader of a power center in the Senate for cutting deals in an otherwise bitterly partisan environment. They also led some observers to conclude that the "maverick" <mask> had returned. <mask> was publicly skeptical about the Republican strategy that precipitated the U.S. federal government shutdown of 2013 and U.S. debt-ceiling crisis of 2013 in order to defund or delay the Affordable Care Act; in October 2013 he voted in favor of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, which resolved them and said, "Republicans have to understand we have lost this battle, as I predicted weeks ago, that we would not be able to win because we were demanding something that was not achievable."Similarly, he was one of nine Republican senators who voted for the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 at the end of the year. By early 2014, <mask>'s apostasies were enough that the Arizona Republican Party formally censured him for having what they saw as a liberal record that had been "disastrous and harmful". <mask> remained stridently opposed to many aspects of Obama's foreign policy, however, and in June 2014, following major gains by the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant in the 2014 Northern Iraq offensive, decried what he saw as a U.S. failure to protect its past gains in Iraq and called on the president's entire national security team to resign. <mask> said, "Could all this have been avoided?... The answer is absolutely yes. If I sound angry it's because I am angry." <mask> was a supporter of the Euromaidan protests against Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and his government, and appeared in Independence Square in Kyiv in December 2013.Following the overthrow of Yanukovych and subsequent 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, <mask> became a vocal supporter of providing arms to Ukrainian military forces, saying the sanctions imposed against Russia were not enough. In 2014, <mask> led the opposition to the appointments of Colleen Bell, Noah Mamet, and George Tsunis to the ambassadorships in Hungary, Argentina, and Norway, respectively, arguing they were unqualified appointees being rewarded for their political fundraising. Unlike many Republicans, <mask> supported the release and contents of the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture in December 2014, saying "The truth is sometimes a hard pill to swallow. It sometimes causes us difficulties at home and abroad. It is sometimes used by our enemies in attempts to hurt us. But the American people are entitled to it, nonetheless." He added that the CIA's practices following the September 11 attacks had "stained our national honor" while doing "much harm and little practical good" and that "Our enemies act without conscience.We must not." He opposed the Obama administration's December 2014 decision to normalize relations with Cuba. The 114th United States Congress assembled in January 2015 with Republicans in control of the Senate, and <mask> achieved one of his longtime goals when he became chairman of the Armed Services Committee. In this position, he led the writing of proposed Senate legislation that sought to modify parts of the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 in order to return responsibility for major weapons systems acquisition back to the individual armed services and their secretaries and away from the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics. As chair, <mask> tried to

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 maintain a bipartisan approach and forged a good relationship with ranking member Jack Reed. In April 2015, <mask> announced that he would run for a sixth term in Arizona's 2016 Senate election. While there was still conservative and Tea Party anger at him, it was unclear if they would mount an effective primary challenge against him.During 2015, <mask> strongly opposed the Obama administration's proposed comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear program (later finalized as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)), saying that Secretary of State Kerry was "delusional" and "giv[ing] away the store" in negotiations with Iran. <mask> supported the Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, saying: "I'm sure civilians die in war. Not nearly as many as the Houthis have executed." <mask> accused President Obama of being "directly responsible" for the Orlando nightclub shooting "because when he pulled everybody out of Iraq, al-Qaeda went to Syria, became ISIS, and ISIS is what it is today thanks to Barack Obama's failures." During the 2016 Republican primaries, <mask> said he would support the Republican nominee even if it was Donald Trump, in spite of his personal disagreements with Trump. However, following Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech, <mask> endorsed the sentiments expressed in that speech, saying he had serious concerns about Trump's "uninformed and indeed dangerous statements on national security issues". Relations between the two had been fraught since early in Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, when <mask> referred to a room full of Trump supporters as "crazies", and the real estate mogul then said of <mask>: "He insulted me, and he insulted everyone in that room...He is a war hero because he was captured. I like people who weren't captured... perhaps he was a war hero, but right now he's said a lot of very bad things about a lot of people." This was widely condemned by much of the Republican Party, with Senator Marco Rubio referring to Trump's comments as "offensive rantings", commentator Rick Santorum tweeting that "@SenJohnMcCain is an American hero, period", and Governor Scott Walker using the comments as the basis for his denunciation of Trump in a campaign event in Sioux City. <mask> also vocally opposed a federal loan guarantee for a development project Trump was contemplating on the West Side of Manhattan in 1996. Following Trump becoming the presumptive nominee of the party on May 3, <mask> said that Republican voters had spoken and he would support Trump. <mask> himself faced a primary challenge from Kelli Ward, a fervent Trump supporter, and then was expected to face a potentially strong challenge from Democratic Congresswoman Ann Kirkpatrick in the general election. The senator privately expressed worry over the effect that Trump's unpopularity among Hispanic voters might have on his own chances but also was concerned with more conservative pro-Trump voters; he thus kept his endorsement of Trump in place but tried to speak of him as little as possible given their disagreements.However <mask> defeated Ward in the primary by a double-digit percentage point margin and gained a similar lead over Kirkpatrick in general election polls, and when the Donald Trump Access Hollywood controversy broke, he felt secure enough to on October8 withdraw his endorsement of Trump. <mask> stated that Trump's "demeaning comments about women and his boasts about sexual assaults" made it "impossible to continue to offer even conditional support" and added that he would not vote for Hillary Clinton, but would instead "write in the name of some good conservative Republican who is qualified to be president." <mask>, at 80 years of age, went on to defeat Kirkpatrick, securing a sixth term as United States Senator from Arizona. In November 2016, <mask> learned of the existence of a dossier regarding the Trump presidential campaign's links to Russia compiled by Christopher Steele. <mask> sent a representative to gather more information, who obtained a copy of the dossier. In December 2016, <mask> passed on the dossier to FBI Director James Comey in a 1-on-1 meeting. <mask> later wrote that he felt the dossier's "allegations were disturbing" but unverifiable by himself, so he let the FBI investigate.On December 31, 2016, in Tbilisi, Georgia, <mask> stated that the United States should strengthen its sanctions against Russia. One year later, on December 23, 2017, the State Department announced that the United States would provide Ukraine with "enhanced defensive capabilities". Sixth and final Senate term

<mask> chaired the January 5, 2017, hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee where Republican and Democratic senators and intelligence officers, including James R. Clapper Jr., the Director of National Intelligence, Michael S. Rogers, the head of the National Security Agency and United States Cyber Command presented a "united front" that "forcefully reaffirmed the conclusion that the Russian government used hacking and leaks to try to influence the presidential election." In June 2017, <mask> voted to support President Trump's controversial arms deal with Saudi Arabia. Repeal and replacement of Obamacare (the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act) was a centerpiece of <mask>'s 2016 re-election campaign, and in July 2017, he said, "Have no doubt: Congress must replace Obamacare, which has hit Arizonans with some of the highest premium increases in the nation and left 14 of Arizona's 15 counties with only one provider option on the exchanges this year." He added that he supports affordable and quality health care, but objected that the pending Senate bill did not do enough to shield the Medicaid system in Arizona. In response to the death of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo, who died of organ failure while in government custody, <mask> said that "this is only the latest example of Communist China's assault on human rights, democracy, and freedom."In September 2017, as the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar became ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya Muslim minority, <mask> announced moves to scrap planned future military cooperation with Myanmar. In October 2017, <mask> praised President Trump's decision to decertify Iran's compliance with the Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA) while not yet withdrawing the U.S. from the agreement, saying that the Obama-era policy failed "to meet the multifaceted threat Iran poses. The goals President Trump presented in his speech today are a welcomed long overdue change." Brain tumor diagnosis and surgery

On July 14, 2017, <mask> underwent a minimally invasive craniotomy at Mayo Clinic Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, in order to remove a blood clot above his left eye. His absence prompted Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell to delay a vote on the Better Care Reconciliation Act. Five days later, Mayo Clinic doctors announced that the laboratory results from the surgery confirmed the presence of a glioblastoma, which is a very aggressive cancerous brain tumor. Standard treatment options for this tumor include chemotherapy and radiation, although even with treatment, average survival time is approximately 14 months.<mask> was a survivor of previous cancers, including melanoma. President Donald Trump publicly wished Senator <mask> well, as did many others, including former President Obama. On July 19, <mask>'s senatorial office issued a statement that he "appreciates the outpouring of support he has received over the last few days. He is in good spirits as he continues to recover at home with his family in Arizona. He is grateful to the doctors and staff at Mayo Clinic for their outstanding care, and is confident that any future treatment will be effective." On July 24, <mask> announced via Twitter that he would return to the United States Senate the following day. Return to the Senate

<mask> returned to the Senate on July 25, less than two weeks after brain surgery.He cast a deciding vote allowing the Senate to begin consideration of bills to replace the Affordable Care Act. Along with that vote, he delivered a speech criticizing the party-line voting process used by the Republicans, as well as by the Democrats in passing the Affordable Care Act to begin with, and <mask> also urged a "return to regular order" utilizing the usual committee hearings and deliberations. On July 28, he cast the decisive vote against the Republicans' final proposal that month, the so-called "skinny repeal" option, which failed 49–51. <mask> supported the passage  of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. <mask> did not vote in the Senate after December 2017, remaining instead in Arizona to undergo cancer treatment. On April 15, 2018, he underwent surgery for an infection relating to diverticulitis and the following day was reported to be in stable condition. Committee assignments

 Committee on Armed Services (Chair)
 as chair of the full committee may serve as an ex-officio member of any subcommittee
 Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
 Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
 Subcommittee on Financial and Contracting Oversight
 Committee on Indian Affairs
 Committee on Intelligence (ex-officio)

Caucus memberships
 International Conservation Caucus
 Senate Diabetes Caucus
 Senate National Security Caucus (Co-chair)
 Sportsmen's Caucus
 Senate Wilderness and Public Lands Caucus
 Senate Ukraine Caucus
 Republican Main Street Partnership.Death and funeral

On August 24, 2018, <mask>'s family announced that he would no longer receive treatment for his cancer. He died the following day at 4:28 p.m. MST (23:28 UTC), with his wife and family beside him, at his home in Cornville, Arizona. <mask> lay in state in the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix on August 29, which would have been his 82nd birthday. This was followed by a service at North Phoenix Baptist Church on August 30. His remains were then moved to Washington, D.C. to lie in state in the rotunda of the United States Capitol on August 31, which was followed by a service at the Washington National Cathedral on September 1. He was a "lifelong Episcopalian" who attended, but did not join, a Southern Baptist church for at least 17 years; memorial services were scheduled in both denominations. Prior to his death, <mask> requested that former Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama deliver eulogies at his funeral, and asked that both President Donald Trump and former Alaska Governor and 2008 vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin not attend any of the services.<mask> himself planned the funeral arrangements and selected his pallbearers for the service in Washington; the pallbearers included former Vice President Joe Biden, former Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold, former Secretary of Defense William Cohen, actor Warren Beatty, and Russian dissident Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza. Multiple foreign leaders attended <mask>'s service: Secretary General of NATO Jens Stoltenberg, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, Speaker of Taiwan's Congress Su Jia-chyuan, National Defense Minister of Canada Harjit Sajjan, Defense Minister Jüri Luik and Foreign Minister Sven Mikser of Estonia, Foreign Minister of Latvia Edgars Rinkēvičs, Foreign Minister of Lithuania Linas Antanas Linkevičius, and Foreign Affairs Minister of Saudi Arabia Adel al-Jubeir. Dignitaries who gave eulogies at the Memorial Service in Washington National Cathedral included Barack Obama, George W. Bush, Henry Kissinger, Joe Lieberman, and his daughter Meghan <mask>. The New Yorker described the service as the biggest meeting of anti-Trump figures during his presidency. Many American political figures paid tribute at the funeral. Those who attended included former United States Presidents Obama, Bush, Clinton, Carter; First Ladies Michelle, Laura, Hillary, Rosalyn; and former Vice Presidents Biden, Cheney, Gore, and Quayle. Former President George H. W. Bush (who died 3 months and 5 days after <mask>) was too ill to attend the service, and President Trump was not invited.Many figures from political life, both current and former and from both political parties, attended. Figures included <mask>. Kelly, Jim Mattis, Bob Dole, Madeleine Albright, <mask>, Mitch McConnell, Paul Ryan, Nancy Pelosi, Chuck Schumer, Mitt Romney, Lindsey Graham, Jeff Flake, Elizabeth Warren, and Jon Huntsman. President Trump's daughter and son-in-law Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner attended to the displeasure of Meghan <mask>. Journalists Carl Bernstein, Tom Brokaw, and Charlie Rose, as well as actors Warren Beatty and Annette Bening and comedians Jay Leno and Joy Behar also attended the funeral. On September 2, the funeral cortege traveled from Washington, D.C. through Annapolis, Maryland, where the streets were lined with crowds of onlookers, to the Naval Academy. A private service was held at the Naval Academy Chapel, attended by the brigade of midshipmen and <mask>'s classmates. After the chapel service, <mask> was buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery, next to his Naval Academy classmate and lifelong friend Admiral Charles R. Larson.Many celebrities paid tribute to the late Senator on Twitter. Those included Tom Hanks, Whoopi Goldberg, Ellen DeGeneres, Reese Witherspoon, Jimmy Kimmel, and Khloe Kardashian. Arizona Governor Doug Ducey was empowered to appoint <mask>'s interim replacement until a special election is held in 2020 to determine who is to serve out the remainder of <mask>'s term, which ends in January 2023 and thus appointed the then former Arizona U.S. Senator Jon Kyl to fill the vacancy. Under Arizona law, the appointed replacement must be of the same party as <mask>, a Republican. Newspaper speculation about potential appointees has included <mask>'s widow Cindy, former Senator Jon Kyl, and former Representatives Matt Salmon and <mask>. Ducey said that he would not make a formal appointment until after <mask>'s final funeral and burial; on September 4, two days after <mask> was buried, Ducey appointed Kyl to fill <mask>'s seat.Tributes

<mask> received many tributes and condolences, including from Congressional colleagues, all living former presidents – Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama – and future president Joe Biden, as well as Vice President Mike Pence and President Richard Nixon's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower. French President Emmanuel Macron, Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko and Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, who had just taken office the previous day, and former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, British Prime Minister Theresa May and former Prime Minister David Cameron, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and former Prime Minister Stephen Harper, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and foreign minister Heiko Maas, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Afghanistan chief executive Abdullah Abdullah, Pakistani foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi, the 14th Dalai Lama, and former Vietnamese ambassador to Washington Nguyễn Quốc Cường also sent condolences. Colonel Trần Trọng Duyệt, who ran the Hỏa Lò Prison when <mask> was held there, remarked, "At that time I liked him personally for his toughness and strong stance. Later on, when he became a US Senator, he and Senator <mask> greatly contributed to promote Vietnam-US relations so I was very fond of him. When I learnt about his death early this morning, I feel very sad. I would

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 like to send condolences to his family." In a TV interview, Senator Lindsey Graham said <mask>'s last words to him were "I love you, I have not been cheated."His daughter, Meghan <mask>, shared her grief, stating that she was present at the moment he died. At the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, <mask> was recognized in the "In Memoriam" segment, right before Aretha Franklin. Many fans questioned the inclusion of <mask> in the segment because he wasn't known for television. He had, however, appeared in various television projects, including hosting and several cameo appearances on Saturday Night Live. He also made appearances on Parks and Recreation and 24. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) announced that he would introduce a resolution to rename the Russell Senate Office Building after <mask>. A quarter peal of Grandsire Caters in memory of <mask> was rung by the bellringers of Washington National Cathedral the day following his death.Another memorial quarter peal was rung on September6 on the Bells of Congress at the Old Post Office in Washington. Reaction by Donald Trump

President Trump reportedly rejected the White House's plans to release a statement praising <mask>'s life, and he initially said nothing about <mask> himself in a tweet that extended condolences to <mask>'s family. In addition, the flag at the White House, which had been lowered to half-staff the day of <mask>'s death (August 25), was raised back to full-staff at 12:01 a.m. on August 27. Trump reportedly felt that media coverage of <mask>'s death was excessive given that <mask> was never president. In contrast with the White House's initial decision, many governors, both Democratic and Republican, had ordered flags in their states to fly at half-staff until <mask>'s interment, and Senate leaders Mitch McConnell and Chuck Schumer requested support from the Defense Department so that flags would be flown at half-staff on all government buildings. Following public backlash from the American Legion and AMVETS, Trump relented and ordered the White House flag back to half-staff later in the day on August 27. Trump belatedly issued a statement praising <mask>'s service to the country, and he signed a proclamation ordering flags to be flown at half-staff until <mask>'s interment at the Naval Academy Cemetery.In March 2019—seven months after <mask>'s death—Trump issued a series of public statements that criticized <mask> at least four times in five days. Trump also claimed that he approved <mask>'s funeral but was not thanked for it. However, the Washington National Cathedral responded that no governmental or presidential approval was needed for <mask>'s funeral because he was not a former president. <mask>'s lying in state was approved by the Senate, while Trump did approve the transport for <mask>'s body. Trump also described himself as having "got the job done" on the Veterans Choice Act while claiming <mask> failed on the same issue. However, <mask> was actually one of the two main authors of the bill, which President Barack Obama signed into law in 2014. Trump had signed the VA MISSION Act of 2018 (), an expansion of that law worked on by <mask> that includes <mask>'s name in its full title.Trump also claimed that <mask> graduated "last in his class", though <mask> was actually fifth from last. Political positions

Various advocacy groups have given <mask> scores or grades as to how well his votes align with the positions of each group. CrowdPac, which rates politicians based on donations made and received, gave Senator <mask> a score of 4.3C with 10C being the most conservative and 10L being the most liberal. The non-partisan National Journal rates a Senator's votes by what percentage of the Senate voted more liberally than him or her, and what percentage more conservatively, in three policy areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–2006 (as reported in the 2008 Almanac of American Politics), <mask>'s average ratings were as follows: economic policy: 59 percent conservative and 41 percent liberal; social policy: 54 percent conservative and 38 percent liberal; and foreign policy: 56 percent conservative and 43 percent liberal. In 2012, the National Journal gave <mask> a composite score of 73 percent conservative and 27 percent liberal, while in 2013 he received a composite score of 60 percent conservative and 40 percent liberal. Columnists such as Robert Robb and Matthew Continetti used a formulation devised by William F. Buckley Jr. to describe <mask> as "conservative" but not "a conservative", meaning that while <mask> usually tended towards conservative positions, he was not "anchored by the philosophical tenets of modern American conservatism".Following his 2008 presidential election loss, <mask> began adopting more orthodox conservative views; the magazine National Journal rated <mask> along with seven of his colleagues as the "most conservative" Senators for 2010 and he achieved his first 100 percent rating from the American Conservative Union for that year. During Barack Obama's presidency, <mask> was one of the top five Republicans most likely to vote with Obama's position on significant votes; <mask> voted with Obama's position on such votes more than half the time in 2013 and was "censured by the Arizona Republican party for a so-called 'liberal' voting record". From the late 1990s until 2008, <mask> was a board member of Project Vote Smart which was set up by Richard Kimball, his 1986 Senate opponent. The project provides non-partisan information about the political positions of <mask> and other candidates for political office. Additionally, <mask> used his Senate website to describe his political positions. In his 2008 speech to the CPAC <mask> stated that he believed in "small government; fiscal discipline; low taxes; a strong defense, judges who enforce, and not make, our laws; the social values that are the true source of our strength; and, generally, the steadfast defense of our rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, which I have defended my entire career as God-given to the born and unborn." In his 2018 memoir The Restless Wave, <mask> described his views as such: "Last but not least, I was [at the time of entering Congress] a Republican, a Reagan Republican.Still am. Not a Tea Party Republican. Not a Breitbart Republican. Not a talk radio or Fox News Republican. Not an isolationist, protectionist, immigrant-bashing, scapegoating, get-nothing-useful-done Republican. Not, as I am often dismissed by self-declared 'real' conservatives, a RINO, Republican in Name Only. I'm a Reagan Republican, a proponent of lower taxes, less government, free markets, free trade, defense readiness, and democratic internationalism."Cultural and political image

<mask>'s personal character was a dominant feature of his public image. This image includes the military service of both himself and his family, the circumstances and tensions surrounding the end of his first marriage and beginning of second, his maverick political persona, his temper, his admitted problem of occasional ill-considered remarks, and his close ties to his children from both his marriages. <mask>'s political appeal was more nonpartisan and less ideological compared to many other national politicians. His stature and reputation stemmed partly from his service in the Vietnam War. He also carried physical vestiges of his war wounds, as well as his melanoma surgery. When campaigning, he quipped: "I am older than dirt and have more scars than Frankenstein." Writers often extolled <mask> for his courage not just in war but in politics, and wrote sympathetically about him.<mask>'s shift of political stances and attitudes during and especially after the 2008 presidential campaign, including his self-repudiation of the maverick label, left many writers expressing sadness and wondering what had happened to the <mask> they thought they had known. By 2013, some aspects of the older <mask> had returned, and his image became that of a kaleidoscope of contradictory tendencies, including as a Republican In Name Only or a "traitor" to his party  and, as one writer listed, "the maverick, the former maverick, the curmudgeon, the bridge builder, the war hero bent on transcending the call of self-interest to serve a cause greater than himself, the sore loser, old bull, last lion, loose cannon, happy warrior, elder statesman, lion in winter." In his own estimation, <mask> was straightforward and direct, but impatient. His other traits included a penchant for lucky charms, a fondness for hiking, and a sense of humor that sometimes backfired spectacularly, as when he made a joke in 1998 about the Clintons that was widely deemed not fit to print in newspapers: "Do you know why Chelsea Clinton is so ugly? – Because Janet Reno is her father." <mask> subsequently apologized profusely, and the Clinton White House accepted his apology. <mask> did not shy away from addressing his shortcomings, and he apologized for them.He was known for sometimes being prickly and hot-tempered with Senate colleagues, but his relations with his own Senate staff were more cordial, and inspired loyalty towards him. He formed a strong bond with two senators, Joe Lieberman and Lindsey Graham, over hawkish foreign policy and overseas travel, and they became dubbed the "Three Amigos". <mask> acknowledged having said intemperate things in years past, though he also said that many stories have been exaggerated. One psychoanalytic comparison suggested that <mask> was not the first presidential candidate to have a temper, and cultural critic Julia Keller argued that voters want leaders who are passionate, engaged, fiery, and feisty. <mask> employed both profanity and shouting on occasion, although such incidents became less frequent over the years. Lieberman made this observation: "It is not the kind of anger that is a loss of control. He is a very controlled person."Senator Thad Cochran, who knew <mask> for decades and had battled him over earmarks, expressed concern about a <mask> presidency: "He is erratic. He is hotheaded. He loses his temper and he worries me." Yet Cochran supported <mask> for president when it was clear he would win the nomination. The Chicago Tribune editorial board called <mask> a patriot, who although sometimes wrong was fearless, and that he deserves to be thought of among the few US senators in history, whose names are more recognizable than some presidents. All <mask>'s family members were on good terms with him, and he defended them against some of the negative consequences of his high-profile political lifestyle. His family's military tradition extends to the latest generation: son <mask> IV ("Jack") graduated from the U.S.Naval Academy in 2009, becoming the fourth generation <mask><mask> to do so, and is a helicopter pilot; son James served two tours with the Marines in the Iraq War; and son Doug flew jets in the navy. His daughter Meghan became a blogging and Twittering presence in the debate about the future of the Republican Party following the 2008 elections, and showed some of his maverick tendencies. In 2017 Meghan joined the cast of the popular ABC talk show The View as a co-host. Senator <mask> himself also appeared as a guest on the program. <mask> appeared in several television shows and films while he was a sitting senator. He made uncredited cameo appearances in Wedding Crashers and 24 and had two uncredited cameos in Parks and Recreation. <mask> also hosted Saturday Night Live in 2002 and appeared in two episodes in 2008.Awards and honors

In addition to his military honors and decorations, <mask> was granted a number of civilian awards and honors. In 1997, Time magazine named <mask> as one of the "25 Most Influential People in America". In 1999, <mask> shared the Profile in Courage Award with Senator Russ Feingold for their work towards campaign finance reform. The following year, the same pair shared the Paul H. Douglas Award for Ethics in Government. In 2005, The Eisenhower Institute awarded <mask> the Eisenhower Leadership Prize. The prize recognizes individuals whose lifetime accomplishments reflect Dwight D. Eisenhower's legacy of integrity and leadership. In 2006, the Bruce F. Vento Public Service Award was bestowed upon <mask> by the National Park Trust.The same year, <mask> was awarded the Henry M. Jackson Distinguished Service Award by the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, in honor of Senator Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson. In 2007, the World Leadership Forum presented <mask> with the Policymaker of the Year Award; it is given internationally to someone who has "created, inspired or strongly influenced important policy or legislation". In 2010, President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia awarded <mask> the Order of National Hero, an award never previously given to a non-Georgian. In 2015, the Kyiv Patriarchate awarded <mask> its own version of the Order of St. Vladimir. In 2016, Allegheny College awarded <mask>, along with Vice President Joe Biden, its Prize for Civility in Public Life. In August 2016, Petro Poroshenko, the President of Ukraine, awarded <mask> with the highest award for foreigners, the Order of Liberty. In 2017, Hashim Thaçi, the President of Kosovo, awarded <mask> the "Urdhër i Lirisë" (Order of Freedom) medal for his contribution to the freedom and independence of Kosovo, and its partnership with the U.S. <mask> also received the Liberty Medal from the National Constitution Center in 2017.In the spring of 2018 <mask> was decorated with the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun from the Japanese Emperor for 'strengthening bilateral relations and promoting friendship between Japan and the United States'. <mask> received several honorary degrees from colleges and universities in the United States and internationally. These include ones from Colgate University (LL.D 2000), The Citadel (DPA 2002), Wake Forest University (LL.D May 20, 2002), the University of Southern California (DHL May 2004), Northwestern University (LL.D June 17, 2005), Liberty University (2006), The New School (2006), and the Royal Military College of Canada (D.MSc June 27, 2013). He was also made an Honorary Patron of the University Philosophical Society at Trinity College Dublin in 2005. On July 11, 2018, , originally named in honor of the Senator's father and grandfather, was rededicated in the Senator's name also. On November 29, 2017, the Phoenix City Council unanimously voted to name Terminal 3 at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in Honor of the Senator which opened on January 7, 2019, after his death in August 2018. On April 4, 2019, the Kyiv City Council renamed a street that had previously been named after the NKVD agent Ivan Kudria to "<mask> Street".Electoral history

Works

Books
 Faith of My Fathers by <mask>, Mark Salter (Random House, August 1999)  (later made into the 2005 television film Faith of My Fathers)
 Worth the Fighting For by <mask>, Mark Salter (Random House, September 2002)
 Why Courage Matters: The Way to a Braver Life by <mask>, Mark Salter (Random House, April 2004)
 Character Is Destiny: Inspiring Stories Every Young Person Should Know and Every Adult Should Remember by <mask>, Mark Salter (Random House, October 2005)
 Hard Call: Great Decisions and the Extraordinary People Who Made Them by <mask>, Mark Salter (Hachette, August 2007)
 Thirteen Soldiers: A Personal History of Americans at War by <mask>, Mark Salter (Simon & Schuster, November 2014)
 The Restless Wave: Good Times, Just Causes, Great Fights, and Other Appreciations by <mask>, Mark Salter (Simon

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Articles and forewords
 "How the POW's Fought Back", by <mask><mask> III, Lieut. Commander, U.S. Navy, U.S. News & World Report, May 14, 1973 (reprinted for web under different title in 2008). Man of the People: The Life of <mask> (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey 2002). .
 Brock, David and Waldman, Paul. Free Ride: <mask> and the Media (Anchor Books, New York 2008). .
 Drew, Elizabeth. <mask> (Simon & Schuster, New York 2002). .
 Feinberg, Barbara Silberdick. <mask>: Serving His Country (Millbrook Press, Brookfield, Connecticut 2000). .
 Hubbell, <mask>. P.O.W.: A Definitive History of the American Prisoner-Of-War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973 (Reader's Digest Press, New York 1976). .
 Karaagac, <mask>. <mask>: An Essay in Military and Political History (Lexington Books, Lanham, Maryland 2000). .
 <mask>, <mask> and Salter, Mark, Faith of My Fathers (Random House, New York 1999). .
 <mask>, <mask> and Salter, Mark. Worth the Fighting For (Random House, New York 2002). .
 Rochester, Stuart I. and Kiley, Frederick. Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973 (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland 1999). .
 Schecter, Cliff. The Real McCain: Why Conservatives Don't Trust Him and Why Independents Shouldn't (PoliPoint Press, Sausalito, California 2008). .
 Timberg, Robert. <mask>: An American Odyssey (Touchstone Books, New York 1999). . Chapter 1 available online. Timberg, Robert.The Nightingale's Song (Simon & Schuster, New York 1996). . Chapter 1 available online. Welch, Matt. <mask>: The Myth of a Maverick (Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2007). . External links

 Senator <mask> official U.S. Senate website
 <mask> for Senate
 Sean Wilentz: <mask>. In: Encyclopædia Britannica, February 15, 2018

 Gates, H.L. <mask>'s Interactive Family Tree. PBS.February 11, 2016. Accessed February 17, 2017

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1936 births
2018 deaths
20th-century American Episcopalians
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American politicians
21st-century Baptists
American male non-fiction writers
American memoirists
American people of English descent
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
American politicians with physical disabilities
American torture victims
American Vietnam War pilots
American anti-communists
Arizona Republicans
Articles containing video clips
Aviators from the Panama Canal Zone
Baptists from Arizona
Burials at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery
Candidates in the 2000 United States presidential election
Candidates in the 2008 United States presidential election
Deaths from brain tumor
Deaths from cancer in Arizona
Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia) alumni
International Republican Institute
Jeopardy! contestants
<mask> family
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Arizona
National Heroes of Georgia
Neurological disease deaths in Arizona
People from Colón, Panama
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of St. George's Order of Victory
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees
Republican Party United States senators
Shot-down aviators
Sons of the American Revolution
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Naval Aviators
United States Navy captains
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
United States senators from Arizona
Vietnam War prisoners of war
Writers from

masks:
John S
. McCain
John McCain
John McCain
Citizen McCain
John McCain
John G
John
John McCain
McCain
John
McCain
John
John McCain
McCain
John McCain
John McCain
John McCain
John McCain
McCain


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<mask> (11 June 1867 – 10 November 1942), born <mask>, was an English actress who had a career spanning more than 50 years. Despite her many successes, her career was overshadowed by that of her more famous sister <mask>. Vanbrugh studied acting and made her professional debut in an 1886 burlesque. The same year, she made her West End theatre debut and then travelled to Margate to play leading roles in four of Shakespeare's plays. In 1889 she joined the Kendals at the Royal Court Theatre and on tour in the US Two years later, back in London, she joined Henry Irving and Ellen Terry in their famous Shakespeare company at the Lyceum Theatre. In 1893, she appeared opposite her husband Arthur Bourchier at Daly's Theatre and soon became his leading lady at the Royalty Theatre and then at the Garrick Theatre, where Bourchier was lessee for the first six years of the 20th century. Vanbrugh returned to Shakespearean roles in 1906 at Stratford upon Avon, where she played Lady Macbeth to her husband's Macbeth, and they soon starred together in Herbert Beerbohm Tree's London production of Henry VIII.They continued to play in Shakespeare and other pieces, and two films, through World War I, but their marriage ended in 1918. She continued acting steadily on stage and had some success in film in the 1930s, especially in Pygmalion in 1938. In her 50th season on stage, she starred in The Merry Wives of Windsor with her sister in London, and during The Blitz, they entertained at matinees. Her last film appearance was in 1940 in Young Man's Fancy. She died in London in 1942 at the age of 75. Biography
<mask> Mary Barnes was born in Exeter, England, the eldest of six children of the Rev Reginald Henry Barnes (1831–1889), Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral and Vicar of Heavitree, and his wife, Frances Mary Emily, née Nation. She was the elder sister of the actress <mask> and the theatrical educator Kenneth Barnes.She grew up in Exeter and was then educated in France and Germany. Early career
When <mask> decided to enter the acting profession, the actress Ellen Terry, a family friend, suggested that she should adopt the stage name Vanbrugh. <mask>'s early success encouraged Irene to follow her into the profession, and she too took the stage surname Vanbrugh. Both sisters enrolled at Sarah Thorne's school of acting, based at Margate, which gave them a thorough practical grounding. Irene recalled "We played every kind of play there; comedy, farce, and drama of the deepest dye; while at Christmas there came the pantomime, so that the Juliet of a week ago might be the Prince Paragon of the Yule-tide extravaganza." The sisters played together in As You Like It at the Theatre Royal, Margate, with <mask> in the lead role, Rosalind, and Irene in the smaller part of Phoebe. John Gielgud, a grand nephew of Ellen Terry, described the two:
The Vanbrugh sisters were remarkably alike in appearance.Tall and imposing, beautifully spoken, they moved with grace...They were elegantly but never ostentatiously dressed, entering and leaving the stage with unerring authority...<mask> never struck me as a natural comedienne, as Irene was. Ellen Terry helped <mask> land her first professional acting role in an 1886 burlesque, by F.C. Burnand, Faust and Loose, at Toole's Theatre. The same year, she made her West End theatre debut as Ellen in The Little Pilgrims. She then toured and also returned to Toole's, playing several roles until 1887 including Lady Anne in The Butler. Returning to Margate later that year, she appeared in Shakespeare's Hamlet as Ophelia, in A Midsummer Night's Dream as Helena, in As You Like It as Rosalind and in The Merchant of Venice as Portia. In London in 1888, she played Gertrude in the Deputy Registrar.In 1889, she joined the Kendals at the Royal Court Theatre as Lady Gillingham in The Weaker Sex, and at the end of the year travelled with them to the US, where she played Lady Ingram in the comedy A Scrap of Paper and in dramas such as The Iron Master, Impulse and A White Lie and comedies such The Weaker Sex. Back in England in 1891, she joined Henry Irving and Ellen Terry at the Lyceum Theatre as Anne Boleyn in his successful revival of King Henry VIII. She also understudied Terry in several roles. Bourchier and later years

In 1893, she appeared together with Arthur Bourchier in Augustin Daly's production of Love in Tandem at Daly's Theatre, and the two married the following year. In 1895, Bourchier became lessee of the Royalty Theatre, and Vanbrugh became his leading lady in many productions, including The Chilli Widow, Mr and Mrs, Monsieur de Paris and The Queens Proctor. Bourchier, Vanbrugh and her sister Irene toured America beginning in 1897. Returning to England, Vanbrugh played the title role in Teresa, which Bourchier produced at the Metropole.After managing several productions with Charles Wyndham, Bourchier became lessee of the Garrick Theatre. Harold Acton described his childhood impression of Vanbrugh in Memoirs of an Aesthete: "Immensely tall, sedate, angular, sharp nosed, and dressed as another herbaceous border, she ate her supper haughtily, like a deaconess. I could not imagine...the hero embracing her: unless he were equally tall he would have to climb on a chair." In 1902, Vanbrugh and Bourchier had a child, Prudence Bourchier, who also became an actress, taking the stage name Vanbrugh. Over the six years of Bourchier's management at the Garrick, Vanbrugh starred in many of his productions, including The Bishop's Move, My Lady Virtue, Whitewashing Julia, The Arm of the Law and W. S. Gilbert's The Fairy's Dilemma (1904). Their production of The Walls of Jericho by Alfred Sutro in 1904, ran for a very successful 423 performances. In 1905, <mask> reprised her role of Portia in Bourchier's production of The Merchant of Venice and again in a command performance for King Edward at Windsor Castle.In 1906, at Stratford upon Avon, she played Lady Macbeth to her husband's Macbeth. Vanbrugh and Bourchier toured in 1908 in John Glayde's Honour and appeared together as King Henry and Queen Katherine in Sir Herbert Tree's successful production of Henry VIII, which was followed by Tree's silent film of the play. In 1913, she appeared in Mrs. Pomeroy's Reputation by Horace Annesley Vachell and Thomas Cobb at The Queen's Theatre. They then produced their own movie in Germany of scenes from Macbeth. They continued to play in Shakespeare and other pieces through World War I, but their marriage was becoming difficult. They toured together in 1916 but then separated and finally divorced in 1918. A contemporary later observed, "He treated her very much as Henry VIII treated Anne Boleyn – except he didn't quite cut off her head."Bourchier remarried a much younger actress, <mask> Kyrle Bellew, but Vanbrugh never remarried. Vanbrugh continued acting steadily until 1939, playing with much success in Thunder in the Air as Mrs Vexted in 1928. She also appeared in three further films during the 1930s, including Pygmalion (1938), together with Leslie Howard and Wendy Hiller. In her 50th season on stage, she starred in The Merry Wives of Windsor at The Ring Blackfriars (playing Mistress Ford to her sister's Mistress Page), and the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park. Her last film appearance was in 1940 in Young Man's Fancy. During the Battle of Britain, the Vanbrugh sisters carried out what a biographer calls "a characteristic piece of war work" by giving, with Donald Wolfit, lunchtime performances of extracts from The Merry Wives of Windsor at the Strand Theatre. Vanbrugh died in London in 1942 at the age of 75.Notes

References

Vanbrugh biography at the Stage Beauty website
Profile "<mask>rugh Edwardian Actress" at the About Postcards site

External links

Photos of Vanbrugh, especially in Shakespeare roles at the Shakespeare and the Players site
NY Times review of Vanbrugh and Bourchier
NPG gallery of portraits of Vanbrugh

English stage actresses
English film actresses
English silent film actresses
1867 births
1942 deaths
20th-century English actresses

masks:
Violet Vanbrugh
Violet Augusta Mary Barnes
Irene Vanbrugh
Violet Augusta
Irene Vanbrugh
Violet
Violet
Violet
Violet
Violet Vanbrugh
Violet
Violet Marion
Violet Vanb


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<mask> (6 December 1884 – 2 August 1967) was an Austrian-German graphic artist, illustrator, designer and art professor. Education
Born in Vienna, <mask> first received a one-year apprenticeship at the  and then was a pupil at the K.K. Technical College for Textile Industry Vienna from 1901 to 1903. In 1903, he won the 1st prize for the best work in drawing at the competition of the 'Niederösterreichischer Gewerbeverein'. From 1903 to 1908, he was a state scholarship holder at the University of Applied Arts Vienna of the K.K. Austrian Museum of Art and Industry, where he was taught by Carl Otto Czeschka and Bertold Löffler, among others. From 1907, he got first commissions for applied arts and from the same year he worked at the "Wiener Werkstätte", a production association of visual artists, which existed from 1904 until 1932.Designs for jewellery, fashion, stage designs, posters, cards for various occasions and the illustration of books were his metier. From 1908, the workshop held an annual art show, where <mask>'s works were also shown. Teaching activity until 1944
In 1908/09, <mask> held a teaching post at the  and from 1909 to 1913, at the University of Fine Arts of Hamburg. From 1913 to 1920, he was head of the class for "free graphics and surface art" at the school of arts and crafts of the Mitteldeutsche Kunstgewerbeverein of the  in Frankfurt. In 1914, he was awarded the "Goldenen Preis" of the International Exhibition for Book Trade and Graphics in Leipzig and in the same year he participated in the Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne. From 1917 until 1933, <mask> worked as a part-time scenic designer in Frankfurt and Darmstadt. In 1919, he was also a member of the Dresden Secession.In 1922, he became a teacher at the Städelschule in Frankfurt and led the lithography class. In 1923, he was appointed professor. In 1936, he and his colleagues Hugo Bäppler and Albert Windisch accepted a commission from the Ministry of the Reichswehr and designed with a class common rooms of the newly built Olympisches Dorf in Berlin. For this design with Merkbilder of the German landscape, he and his group received an Olympic Medal from Adolf Hitler. In 1943, he took part in the exhibition  in Vienna, organised by Reichsleiter Baldur von Schirach and thus came under the criticism of conservative Nazi circles. In 1944, he was released into early retirement. Post-war activity
During World War II, <mask>'s Frankfurt studio with many of his works burned down.Awards which he had received during the Nazi era prevented his application for Wiedergutmachung after the war. In 1946, he was reinstated as professor at the Städelschule and retired for good in 1950. In 1955, he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit. In 1959, he was awarded the  and the Goethe-Plakette des Landes Hessen. <mask> died in Frankfurt at the age of 82. His grave is located on the Frankfurt Main Cemetery. In 2004, the Kronberg Gallery exhibited some of his works.Publications
 Arthur Roessler: Der Dialog vom Pierrot und andere Essays, Vienna: <mask> [1907] (Umschlag/Titelbild von Delavilla)
 Des Freiherrn von Münchhausen Abenteuer und Reisen; newly edited by Alois Th. Schlagbrandtner. Buchschmuck von <mask>. <mask>, Vienna: Graeser & Kie., ca. 1910
 Unser Hamburg. Ed. by the Journalists' and Writers' Association for Hamburg, Altona and the surrounding area. With book decoration by F. K<mask>, Hamburg 1911, 116 p. (auch weitere Auflagen)
 Kriegsbilderbogen Deutscher Künstler, Mappe III, Munich: Goltz-Verlag 1915
 Die Reise zum Meer.fairy tales by  and headpieces by F. K<mask>, Weimar: Kiepenheuer 1915, 95 p.
 Gottfried Gurcke: Hamburger Fibel bearbeitet von W.Böhling, J.Spiering und A.Winckler. Pictures byF. K. <mask>. Schreibschrift von Chr.Seemann, 244. neubearbeitete Auflage, Hamburg: Otto Meißner, 1917
 Deutsche Bühne. Jahrbuch der Frankfurter Städtischen Bühnen. Edited by Georg J. Plotke on behalf of the Generalintendanz . Vol.1: Spielzeit 1917/1918. Mit 6 (1 farb.) Taf. (m. Bühnenbild-Entwürfen v. Delavilla u. a.) u. 7 Abb.im Text, Frankfurt: Rütten & Loening 1919, 4 vol., 402 p.
 Clara Berg: Schnurli-Butzli und andere deutsche Märchen mit Bildern K. F. Delavilla, Frankfurt: Englert und Schlosser, 20.–30. Tausend, ca. 1925, 123 p.
 : Bundschuh flieg! Ein Zeitbild vom großen Bauernaufstand im Jahre 1525. With pictures by F. K. <mask>, Stuttgart: Loewe 1936, 3rd edition 1942

Further reading
 Jung-Wien. Ergebnisse aus der Wiener-Kunstgewerbe-Schule. Entwürfe zu Architekturen und Flächen-Dekorationen junger Wiener Künstler.Architekturen und Modelle, Gartenanlagen, Innen-Räume, Möbel, Plastiken, ferner Plakate, Malereien, Keramiken, Studien und dekorative Holzschnitte, ornamentale Schriften, Vorsatzpapiere und Tapeten, Webereien und Stickereien. Darmstadt: A. Koch 1905, 71 p.
 Die Kunst. Monatshefte für freie und angewandte Kunst, vol. 40: Angewandte Kunst der "Dekorativen Kunst", Jg. 22., Munich: F. Bruckmann 1919 (with a contribution about the stage design and equipment of Delavilla). Oskar Fischel: Das moderne Bühnenbild, Berlin: Wasmuth (1923), 142 p.
 Delavilla, <mask>. In Hans Vollmer (ed. ): Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler des XX.Jahrhunderts. Vol. 1: A–D. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1953, p. 537. Jugendstilpostkarten. Ed. and with an epilogue by H. Dichand.With a biographical appendix of the performing artists by M. Martischnig. Gütersloh: Buchgemeinschaft (ca. 1980), 174 p. (with plans by Delavilla)
 <mask> <mask>: Bühnenbildentwürfe zur Uraufführung des "Urfaust", Frankfurt 1918, in Hofmannsthal-Blätter, issue 30, Autumn 1984, pp. 60 f.
 Werner J. Schweiger: Bilderbogen der Wiener Werkstätte, Vienna: Ed. Brandstätter 1986. Werner J. Schweiger, Die Wiener Werkstätte. Kunst und Handwerk 1903–32, 1982.Constanze Neuendorf-Müller: <mask> <mask> (1884–1967), Maler, Graphiker, Kunstgewerbler und Bühnenbildner, Diss. Frankfurt, 1998. References

External links

Austrian illustrators
German illustrators
Wiener Werkstätte
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1884 births
1967 deaths
Artists from Vienna

masks:
Franz Karl Delavilla
Delavilla
Delavilla
Delavilla
Delavilla
Delavilla
Delavilla
Karl Graeser
Franz K
Delavilla
. Delavilla
. Delavilla
Delavilla
Delavilla
Franz K
Franz Karl
Delavilla
Franz Carl
Delavilla


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<mask> (22 January 1889 – 31 August 1955) was a German painter, scenic designer, art professor, and typographer. His work was part of the art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics and the 1932 Summer Olympics. Life

Born in Stuttgart in 1889, Baumeister completed an apprenticeship as a decorative painter in his native city from 1905 to 1907, followed by military service (fall 1907–1908). During his apprenticeship, Baumeister also began art studies at the Stuttgart Art Academy (Königlich Württembergische Akademie) (1905–1906), attended Robert Poetzelberger’s drawing class, and took additional lessons from Josef Kerschensteiner. In 1906 he resumed his apprenticeship and, in 1907, completed the trade test. Following his military service, <mask> continued his studies at the art academy. Dismissed by his teacher Poetzelberger due to lack of talent, he switched into the composition class of Adolf Hölzel, with whom he studied until 1912, where he met his lifelong friend, Oskar Schlemmer.Baumeister took his first trip to Paris in 1911, successfully participated in a gallery exhibition in Zurich in 1912 and a year later participated in the Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon (First German Autumn Salon) in the Berlin gallery Der Sturm. There he met the expressionist painter Franz Marc. In 1914 <mask> had his first solo exhibition at Der Neue Kunstsalon (New Art Salon) in Stuttgart. In the same year, Adolf Hölzel arranged a commission for wall paintings at the Deutsche Werkbund-Ausstellung (German Werkbund Exhibition) in Cologne for <mask>, Schlemmer, and Herman Stenner. Prior to being drafted into the army in the summer of 1914 (until 1918), Baumeister travelled to Amsterdam, London, and Paris. During the war, Baumeister met the painter Oskar Kokoschka and the architect Adolf Loos in Vienna in 1915. In 1916 he participated in the exhibition Hölzel und sein Kreis (Hölzel and his Circle) at the Art Association in Freiburg im Breisgau, which was subsequently shown at the Ludwig Schames Art Salon in Frankfurt am Main.In 1918, still prior to being discharged from military service, he threw an exhibition with his friend Oskar Schlemmer at the Galerie Schaller in Stuttgart. <mask> and Schlemmer campaigned to bring Paul Klee to the Stuttgart Academy, which was rejected by the Academy. Klee, for his part, would have been willing to come. In 1919 <mask> became a member of the Berlin artist association Novembergruppe (November Group). The group was founded by Max Pechstein in 1918, immediately following Germany’s capitulation and the fall of the monarchy. It remained one of the most important alliances of German artists until 1933. In Stuttgart in 1919, <mask> took up the initiative with Schlemmer and other artists to found the artist group Üecht (Alemannic: genuine, true), which he left in 1921.In 1919 he produced his first stage design, which was followed by seventeen others. In 1920 <mask> completed his art studies, worked as an independent artist, and participated in exhibitions in Berlin, Dresden, and Hagen. His popularity and recognition abroad became evident in a joint exhibition with Fernand Léger in the Berlin gallery Der Sturm in 1922. During these years, Baumeister developed professional relationships with artists such as Paul Klee, Léger, Le Corbusier, Amédée Ozenfant, and Michel Seuphor. In 1924 several of his works were shown at the Erste Allgemeine Deutsche Kunstausstellung (First General German Art Exhibition) in Moscow and, in 1925, he participated in the Paris exhibition L’Art d’aujourd’hui (Art Today). Alongside his artistic work, he was also active in the area of commercial art and designed advertisements for numerous companies, such as Bosch and DLW (Deutsche Linoleumwerke)

In 1926 Baumeister married the painter Margarete Oehm (1898–1978) and was offered the opportunity to take part in the International Exhibition of Modern Art in New York, followed by a solo exhibition in Paris the following year, where he also participated in the Große Berliner Kunstausstellung (Great Berlin Art Exhibition) (with his own room), where he met Kasimir Malevich. In 1927 Baumeister accepted a teaching post at the Frankfurt School of Applied Arts, later known the Städel.There he taught from 1928 a class in commercial art, typography, and textile printing. That very year, his daughter was born. The following year he turned down a position at the Bauhaus in Dessau. A member of the ring neue werbegestalter (Circle of New Commercial Designers) (chairman: Kurt Schwitters) since 1927, Baumeister joined the artist association Cercle et Carré (Circle and Square) in 1930. In the same year, he received the Württemberg State Prize for the painting Line Figure. After "Cercle et Carré", he also became a member of the artist association "Abstraction-Création" in Paris. On 31 March 1933, following the National Socialist rise to power, <mask> was dismissed from his professorship at the Städel.His colleague Professor Albert Windisch and Wilhelm Biering continued his lessons. Thereafter Baumeister earned his living mainly from commercial art, he was still however able to travel to Switzerland, Italy, and France. In the same year, his daughter Felicitas was born. In 1936 he was introduced by  the Wuppertaler architect Heinz Rasch,  with whom he work during the 1924 Exhibition in Stuttgart, to Dr. Kurt Herberts, the owner of a varnish factory in Wuppertal. He began working for the company in 1937, joining other artists ostracized by the National Socialist regime: Franz Krause, Alfred Lörcher, Georg Muche, and Oskar Schlemmer, and the art historian Hans Hildebrandt. That year five of his works were shown in the National Socialist exhibition Entartete Kunst (Degenerate art) in Munich. Until 1941, when a ban on his paintings and exhibitions was issued by the National Arts Chamber, Baumeister still had many opportunities to exhibit his works abroad in Europe.Despite the prohibition and the constant surveillance, he still worked at the Herberts varnish factory, as well as on his art. In 1943, when a bomb attack rendered Wuppertal as well as <mask>’s house in Stuttgart uninhabitable, he moved with his family to Urach in the Swabian Alps. In 1945, after the end of the Second World War, Baumeister completed his book Das Unbekannte in der Kunst (The Unknown in Art), which was only published in 1947, even though he had completed the manuscript in 1943–44. In 1946 he received the position to teach a class in decorative paintings at the Stuttgart Academy of Arts and in 1947 resumed his exhibition activities. In 1949 he became the co-founder of the artist group Gegenstandlose (The Group of Nonrepresentational Artists), which threw its first exhibition called ZEN 49 in 1950. Here <mask> met Fritz Winter, Ernst Wilhelm Nay, Paul Fontaine, and many others who worked in the field of fine arts after the end of the war and the dictatorship in Germany  to forge a new beginning and connection to international developments. In his participation in the Erstes Darmstädter Gespräch (First Darmstadt Dialogue) in July 1950, at the exhibition Das Menschenbild in unserer Zeit (The Human Image of Our Time), <mask> defended modern art against Hans Sedlmayr's thesis of a "loss of the center" ("Verlust der Mitte").Until his death in 1955, <mask> stood at the peak of his artistic career, which was demonstrated by his participation in many national and international exhibitions such as the Venice Biennale in 1948, the São Paulo Biennale (Brazil) in 1951 (where he received a prize for his painting Cosmic Gesture), and Younger European Artists at the Guggenheim Museum in New York in 1953. In 1955 <mask> <mask> retired (emeritus) from the Stuttgart Art Academy, although he still received a teaching contract for the following semester. On 31 August 1955, he died sitting with his brush in his hand in his atelier in Stuttgart. Work

<mask> took part in his first exhibition in 1910, showing figurative works inspired by impressionism. His chief interest was even at this time already in cubism and Paul Cézanne, whose work remained important to him throughout his life. These influences of impressionism and cubism that shaped <mask>’s early paintings played an essential role in his work until the end of the 1920s. On the one hand, his representational painting was increasingly reduced (abstracting and geometric) as it gained form and lost depth.Parallel to the paintings of his friend Oskar Schlemmer, Baumeister’s independent exploration of form and color emerged. Already around 1919, his teacher Adolf Hölzel wrote to him: "Out of all of us, you will be the one who will achieve the most." Also worth noticing is that the idiosyncratic German path into modernism, expressionism, barely resonates at all in <mask>’s work, even though he had met, for instance, Franz Marc earlier on, and was certainly acquainted with the works of the Brücke (Bridge) artists and those of the Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider). After his return from the First World War, Baumeister rigorously developed his work further. Although one still finds figurative elements in his paintings, the forms grew increasingly geometric and took on a dynamic of their own, and Baumeister broke the traditional connection between form and color. Various work groups emerged at this time, including the relief-like wall pictures, and paintings with sports theme (as a symbol for modernity). In his painting, the grappling with shapes and material of the painting as well as the relationship between reality and representation became visible.Parallel to this development, nonrepresentational painting began to gain a foothold in works that centered on geometric shapes and their relationships to one another in the picture (e.g. Planar Relation of 1920). <mask>’s lively exchange with other German and foreign artists must also be seen as vitally important in the consequent development of his work. Indeed, as it was for many of his fellow artists, posing such questions was part of the agenda of the modern age (for example, El Lissitzky, Kazimir Malevich, Wassily Kandinsky, Fernand Léger, Amédée Ozenfant, Le Corbusier, Paul Klee). Towards the end of the 1920s, the shapes in Baumeister’s pictures grew softer. His paintings moved away from being oriented by the elementary shapes of the circle, triangle, and square towards organic forms. Although this development could also be observed concurrently in the work of other artists of his time, in Baumeister’s case, it was tied to his fascination for the prehistoric and archaic paintings.Baumeister intensely explored artifacts of early paintings and integrated this

masks:
Willi Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Willi
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister
Baumeister