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<mask> (1904–1990) was a board-certified physician and a physical anthropologist. As the first African-American Ph.D in anthropology, and the only one until after the Korean War, his main focus in the anthropological discipline was studying the idea of race and its negative impact  on communities of color. His career both as a physician and a  professor at Howard University was dedicated to the advancement of African-American researchers and he was heavily involved in civil rights activism. <mask> wrote prolifically and contributed both popular and scholarly articles during the course of his career. His work has been noted as a significant contribution to the development of the sub-discipline of biocultural anthropology during the first half of the 20th century. <mask> was also an accomplished educator and taught over 5000 students in the social and health sciences during his lifetime. Early and personal life
<mask> was born on October 12, 1904, in Washington DC.His mother, Alexizne <mask> <mask>, grew up in Massachusetts and is partly of Native American descent. His father, <mask> <mask>, grew up in Selma, Alabama. His parents met in Washington DC when his father started his own printing business for the Black community. The tipping point for <mask>'s initial interest in anthropology came from a book of the animal kingdom that his grandfather owned. In this book, there were illustrations of human beings separated by race, but were illustrated with what <mask> called "equal dignity." This led to an interest in the concept of race, as the same type of "equal dignity" was not granted in the society that surrounded <mask>'s life. <mask> attended Dunbar High School, a highly esteemed Washington, DC.African-American high school in 1917. He was a successful student and athlete, and went on to win championships in cross-country as well as lightweight and welterweight boxing during his high school and collegiate years. He married Hilda B. Smith, Ruth Smith Lloyd's sister, and they had two children. <mask> died of pneumonia on November 20, 1990, at the age of 86. Education
Following his graduation from Dunbar High School in 1921, <mask> earned his Bachelor of Arts from Amherst College in 1925. Following completion of his baccalaureate degree, he received a Blodgett Scholarship for proficiency in biology which allowed him to pursue research in embryology at Woods Hole Marine Biology Laboratory. He earned his MD (Doctor of Medicine) in 1929 from the Howard University Medical School.He worked jobs throughout his time in medical school. <mask> then accepted a position at Howard University which he was offered prior to his graduation. Numa P. G. Adams, who was the Dean of Howard University at the time, was assigned the task of organizing a new faculty of African-American physicians to help advance the school in the medical field. <mask>, in turn had the aspirations of creating a laboratory of anatomy and physical anthropology at Howard University that would have the resources for African-American scholars to contribute to debates in racial biology. As a part of Dean Adams' efforts, <mask> was sent to study under biological anthropologist T. Wingate Todd at Case Western Reserve University. <mask>'s dissertation work was an expansive survey of the Hamann-Todd Skeletal Collection, a large skeletal population now housed at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History which is associated with Case Western Reserve University. He earned his Ph.D in Anthropology in 1932 and his dissertation was published under the title Human Archives the following year.Career
Following the conferral of his doctorate, <mask> remained at Case Western Reserve University as a fellow, where he continued work on the Hamman-Todd Collection with a focus on cranial suture closure. His 1940 publication "Cranio-Facial Union in Man" produced as a result of this work established his expertise as a functional anatomist and is one of his most widely cited works to date. During this period, <mask> also worked with physical anthropologist Aleš Hrdlička on a survey of the skeletal collection at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. He returned to the Howard University Medical School in 1930 where he taught for the majority of his career and established the W. Montague Cobb Skeletal Collection. He became the university's first distinguished professor in 1969 and became professor emeritus in 1973. In addition to his work at Howard, <mask> also taught at Stanford University, the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, the University of Washington, the University of Maryland, West Virginia University, Harvard Medical School, the Medical College of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, and the Catholic University of America during his lifetime. <mask> was heavily involved with a number of anthropological and medical organizations during his career.He was an active member of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists since its second meeting in 1930 and served on its board on multiple occasions, both as its vice president (1948–50 and 1954–56) and president (1957–59). He also held leadership roles with the Anthropological Society of Washington, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Eugenics Society, and the Medico-Chirurgical Society of the District of Columbia. He also served as chairman on the Council of Medical Education and Hospitals for two terms (1948–63). Throughout his lifetime <mask> pursued work aimed at furthering the opportunities of African Americans both within society in general and within the health sciences. He was an active member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and served as its president from 1976 to 1982. He created the Imhotep Conferences on Hospital Integration in 1957 as a part of the NAACP, an annual conference seeking to end hospital and medical school segregation that continued until 1964. He was an active member of the National Medical Association, an organization dedicated to the advancement of African-American physicians and other health professionals.He was a longtime contributor to its journal, the Journal of the National Medical Association, of which he served as editor from 1944 to his death in 1990. He also served as the organization's president from 1964 to 1965. In addition to his involvement in both African-American and European American-led professional organizations and journals, <mask> was active in community outreach through work on race and health published in popular African-American magazines such as Negro Digest, Pittsburgh Courier, and Ebony. Scholarship
Throughout his career, <mask> applied his technical expertise in functional anatomy and medicine to a variety of topics, including the issues of African-American health, child development, and disproving scientific justifications for racism. His approach has been characterized as a form of applied anthropology and activist scholarship. His work explicitly critiqued hierarchical understandings of human variation, and he often subverted racist evolutionary arguments through highlighting the resiliency of African Americans. He took as an example the experience of the Transatlantic slave trade which he argued acted as a selective pressure and would have led to a genetically stronger population relative to European  Americans who did not experience this population bottleneck.<mask> often used his expertise in anatomy and biology in order to combat racist explanations for perceived differences between African Americans and European Americans. One of the most widely cited studies in this effort was <mask>'s "Race and Runners," published in 1936. In this work, <mask> took the case of Jesse Owens to dispel the idea that his success as a quadruple gold medal winner could be explained by his " African-American genes," an argument that stemmed from the idea that Black people were stronger and more athletic than whites at the cost of decreased intelligence. Proponents of this idea often pointed to the supposed existence of extra musculature or differences in nerve thicknesses that allowed African-American athletes to excel relative to European Americans. <mask> addressed this question by surveying the anatomical characteristics of Owens as well as other prominent African Americans in different sports. <mask> demonstrated that not only could their successes not be explained by a shared racial trait, the physiology that would make a superior athlete in one sport would be very different from another. Instead, <mask> accounted for the achievements of African-American athletes relative to European Americans in sports as due to "training and incentive" rather than any "special physical endowment".During the latter years of his career, <mask> took a more philosophical approach to his anatomical perspective of humanity. He often used biological metaphors to point to key issues within society. <mask>'s most prominent philosophical contribution was arguably his 1975 publication, "An anatomist's view of human relations. Homo sanguinis versus Homo sapiens--mankind's present dilemma". This work focused primarily on the fundamental conflict in human nature he described as being between the civilized people suggested by our binomial designation Homo sapiens ("Man the Wise") and the much older and violent organism he described via his coined term Homo sanguinus ("Man the bloody"). <mask> described the recent "adaptations" of civilization and ethics as similar to recently evolved anatomical traits like bipedalism, a key human trait which has nonetheless resulted in a host of health conditions due to our lineage's adaptations for quadrupedal locomotion. <mask> argued that man the wise is up against the ancient evolutionary tradition of man as a "bloody, predatory primate" and that this history of violence and hatred will thus be difficult to overcome.<mask>'s final presented publication in 1988, "Human Variation: Informing the Public," applied his Homo sanguinus more closely to the rapid cultural change of the late 20th century. <mask> saw this period of rapid development as both a key opportunity for continued progress against racism and other forms of inequality and a potential for such issues to become more firmly embedded within the system of the society: "Just as an embryological defect cannot be corrected, so our mammoth construction programs can be wrong, which is not obvious until it is too late." Legacy
<mask> distinguished himself by representing the pursuit of social responsibility in the field of anthropology, as well as by being an activist scholar who often applied anthropological methods to issues of racism and inequality. He undertook studies within the scope of his expertise in anatomy that aimed at disproving racist explanations for social difference. He believed that scholars must take responsibility "not only for their own thoughts and actions but also for their own society" because the values that are expressed in scientific work, whether subtly or overtly, are key in the shaping of culture and society. He was one of the first anthropologist to undertake a demographic analysis that illustrated the consequences of segregation and racism on the African-American population, and he wanted to create the resources so he would not be the last. One of <mask>'s greatest contributions to this end is the expansive skeletal collection he curated during his time at Howard University which is now housed at the university's W. Montague Cobb Research Laboratory, a research laboratory led by biological anthropologist Fatimah Jackson that also houses the New York African Burial Ground collection.<mask> was long involved in African descendants' struggle for freedom, justice, and equality. He assumed a number of roles in African-American-led organizations, including the National Urban League and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, and he was a longtime editor of the first African-American medical journal, the Journal of the National Medical Association. He was a member of the board of directors for the NAACP from 1949 until his death and president from 1976 to 1982. <mask> played a key role in efforts to expand access to medical care through his active leadership in the National Medical Association, and this activism led to his testimony to congress during the hearings leading up to the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. He was present at the signing of this bill into law by invitation of President Lyndon B. Johnson. During his lifetime, <mask> was honored by more than 100 organizations for his efforts as a scholar and as an activist, including the American Association for Anatomy's highest award, the Henry Gray Award, which he received for his outstanding contributions in the field in 1980. He was also the recipient of the U.S. Navy's Distinguished Public Service Award and received honorary doctorates from several institutions, including the Medical College of Wisconsin, Georgetown University, the University of the Witwatersrand, Morgan State University, Howard University, and Amherst College.The American Association for Anatomy named the W.M<mask> Award in Morphological Sciences after <mask> to honor his legacy with its first recipient in 2020. Selected publications

 "Human Archives" – 1932. "Race and Runners" –1936. "Cranio Facial Union of Man" – 1940. "The Cranio-Facial Union and the Maxillary Tuber in Mammals" – 1943. "Medical Care and the Plight of the Negro in Medicine" – 1947."An anatomist's view of human relations. Homo sanguinis versus Homo sapiens--mankind's present dilemma" – 1975. "Human Rights—A New Fight in Cultural Evolution" – 1978. "The Black American in Medicine" – 1981. "Human Variation: Informing the Public" – 1988. In addition those listed above, <mask> had more than 1100 publications on various topics. References

Further reading
Harrison, Ira E., and Faye V. Harrison, eds.African-American Pioneers in Anthropology. New York: University of Illinois P, 1998. Redman, Samuel J. Bone Rooms: From Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2016. External links
 http://www.thecobbinstitute.org/
 https://www.cobbresearchlab.com/

1906 births
1990 deaths
African-American academics
American anthropologists
African-American archaeologists
Amherst College alumni
Howard University College of Medicine alumni
NAACP activists
Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
20th-century American archaeologists
20th-century anthropologists
Historians from Maryland
20th-century African-American scientists

masks:
William Montague Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Montague
Cobb
William Elmer
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
. Cobb
Cobb
Cobb


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<mask> (June 4, 1910  August 14, 1989) was an American administrator, politician, and businessman. He served as the Secretary of the Navy between February 1953 and March 1954. He also served as the Secretary of the Treasury from 1957 until 1961, and was one of President Dwight Eisenhower's closest confidants. Two years before his death from cancer, he was disbarred for illegal banking operations and tax evasion. In the 1980s, <mask> illegally operated an Anguilla-based bank. The bank was involved in money laundering for drug traffickers. <mask> pleaded guilty to criminal violations of the banking laws, and was sentenced to prison.Early life
<mask> was born in Burleson, Texas on June 4, 1910, to <mask> <mask> and his wife Elizabeth Haskew "Lizzy" <mask>. He was a high school teacher prior to entering the University of Texas Law School, from which he graduated in 1932. He thereafter engaged in political, governmental, law and business activities in the state of Texas. State government service

Upon leaving the University of Texas School of Law in 1932, <mask> soon became an Assistant Attorney General for the State of Texas where he worked in 1933–1934. By 1934, he moved onward to become a State of Texas Tax Commissioner. By 1939–1940, <mask> pursued opportunities within the private sector; he and two other partners purchased the City of Austin-based KTBC radio station from the Texas Broadcasting Company. In 1943, not able to increase KTBC's broadcasting power from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the three partners sold KTBC to <mask> Johnson, wife of then-Representative and future President Lyndon B. Johnson.Marriage and children
<mask> married Ollie Mae Rawlins on April 10, 1935. The couple had two sons, Gerald Lee and James Richard. The <mask> family later moved to Cleburne, Texas. Ollie <mask> died in Greenwich, Connecticut of Alzheimer disease on May 31, 1987. Federal government service
According to the Seagraves, <mask> was with Douglas MacArthur and Edward Lansdale inspecting the Philippine caves containing Yamashita's gold immediately after World War II ended. During his time as Navy Secretary, he ended the last formal vestiges of racial segregation in the Navy and advocated the force levels and technological advances necessary to maintain a flexible defense strategy. In May 1954, <mask> left his Navy post to become Deputy Secretary of Defense.He received the Medal of Freedom in 1955. From 1957 to 1961, he served as Eisenhower's Secretary of the Treasury. Eisenhower was particularly impressed by <mask>'s abilities, believing him to be more than capable of being president himself, and named him as one of his leading choices to be his running mate in 1956 if Vice-President Richard Nixon had accepted Eisenhower's recommendation to leave the vice-presidency to serve as Secretary of Defense. However, Nixon opted to remain on the ticket with Ike. As 1960 approached, although Eisenhower acknowledged that Nixon certainly had the Republican presidential nomination sewn up, Eisenhower privately pressed <mask> to enter the primaries and to challenge Nixon, but <mask> declined. Once Nixon was nominated, Eisenhower suggested that he select <mask> as his running mate, but Nixon chose Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. instead. Eisenhower said <mask> "is just about the ablest man that I know, He would make a splendid President."In 1959, as Secretary of the Treasury, <mask> supported the creation of the International Development Association, after pressure from then-Senator Mike Monroney (D-Oklahoma). <mask> was close to Sid Richardson and Clint Murchison who was very close to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Many Texas oilmen including Murchison, formerly a close associate of Lyndon B. Johnson, ended their relationships with Johnson when Johnson became vice president on John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential ticket because Kennedy advocated tax reform on oil companies and their investments. In 1963, President Kennedy appointed <mask> to a special committee to study the United States foreign aid program. In 1964 following Panamanian riots, President Johnson appointed him as special ambassador to Panama where he conducted negotiations for a new treaty on the status of the Panama Canal. At the same time, <mask> served as chairman of a Congressional study commission to determine if building a sea level canal through Panama was possible. He succeeded in negotiating a preliminary treaty to transfer the Canal to the control of Panama, but, before the treaty was ratified by the legislature of Panama, General Omar Torrijos overthrew the Panamanian government in October 1968 and rejected the proposed treaty.In June 1973, he resigned his ambassador post, unable to secure agreement on another preliminary treaty proposal and was replaced by Ellsworth <mask> who agreed to Panamanian demands to a rapid transition to control by Panama and the subsequent <mask>er negotiated treaty was ratified in 1978 for transfer of the Panama Canal from United States jurisdiction to Panama jurisdiction and control. During the 1960s, he carried out diplomatic missions on behalf of President Lyndon B. Johnson, including many trips to Cairo to confer with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in the wake of the 1967 Six-Day War. Private business and death
After leaving office in 1961, <mask> moved to New York City and was active in business, investment, banking affairs, oil, and real estate. <mask> owned the Anderson group, headquartered at One Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, where he had business interests in a number of international projects. He established the Robert Anderson & Company Limited in Hong Kong on August 19, 1961, and operated it as a private company limited by shares until December 29, 1972, when it was dissolved. He was unsuccessful in establishing a free port in Malta. <mask> was a director on the Hong Kong Resort Company board.He had a casino investment with Edward Wong Wing-cheung, who founded HKR in May 1973. He was a lobbyist for the Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church during the 1980s. <mask>'s career ended in personal suffering. He was hospitalized several times for alcoholism. From 1983 to 1985, he and his partner David B. Gould illegally operated the Commercial Exchange Bank and Trust of Anguilla, British West Indies, which had an unlicensed New York branch office. The bank lost $4.4 million and several investors lost their life savings in the mid 1980s, including record producer Ethel Gabriel.The bank also laundered large amounts of cash for drug traffickers. In 1987, <mask>, who was charged by Rudolph Giuliani as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, pleaded guilty to criminal violations of the banking laws and to tax evasion, and was sentenced to prison. The Supreme Court of New York Appellate Division, in disbarring <mask> from the practice of law, called his disbarment "a sad but we think necessary end to the legal career of one who has in times less beclouded by poor and corrupt judgment served his country in high office as Secretary of Treasury, Deputy Secretary of the Navy and as Special Ambassador to Panama during the Panama Canal negotiations." <mask> died of throat cancer following his cancer surgery in New York City on August 14, 1989. He was buried in Rose Hill Cemetery in Cleburne, Texas. The <mask><mask> Papers 1933-89 were deposited at the Eisenhower Library at Abilene, Kansas, between 1992 and 1996 with more in July 2001 and gifted to the Eisenhower Library on December 26, 2001, by <mask>, son of <mask>. See also
 M-Fund

Notes

References

External links

 Papers of <mask>. <mask>, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library

1910 births
1989 deaths
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American criminals
People from Burleson, Texas
American people convicted of tax crimes
Disbarred American lawyers
Businesspeople from New York City
Recipients of the Medal of Freedom
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Members of the Texas House of Representatives
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
United States Secretaries of the Navy
United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Offshore finance
Eisenhower administration cabinet members
American United Methodists
Lawyers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
Texas lawyers
University of Texas School of Law alumni
Southwestern University alumni
Weatherford College alumni
American money launderers
Texas politicians convicted of crimes

masks:
Robert Bernard Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Robert Lee
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Lady Bird
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Bunker
Bunk
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Robert B
. Anderson
Gerald Anderson
Robert Anderson
Robert B
Anderson


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<mask> (September 25, 1956 – June 19, 2013) was an American comic book editor, translator, and publisher, best known as vice president and co-publisher of Seattle-based Fantagraphics Books. Along with co-publisher Gary Groth, <mask> used his position to further the cause of alternative comics in the American market. In addition, <mask> made it his business to bring the work of European cartoonists to American readers. Early life
<mask> was born in Denmark in 1956. Child of a government contractor father, <mask> spent much of his youth in Europe, living in West Germany and the Netherlands. His mother is Danish, and <mask> grew up speaking the language, a skill which aided his later career as a translator of European comic books. (He was also fluent in French.)<mask> developed an interest in comics early in life, some of his favorites being the works of André Franquin, Maurice Tillieux, and Jacques Tardi. As a young man, <mask> was a frequent contributor to American superhero comic book letter columns, with letters published in (among others) Amazing Spider-Man, Captain America, Conan the Barbarian, Incredible Hulk, Iron Man, Marvel Spotlight, and Marvel-Two-in-One. Early writing work by <mask> was published in the comics fanzine Omniverse in 1979. Career

Fantagraphics
<mask> moved to the United States in 1977, and soon met Groth through a mutual friend. He joined Fantagraphics' staff in that year, and soon became a co-owner with Groth. In 1978, <mask> saved Fantagraphics from bankruptcy by pouring his inheritance into the company's financial coffers. <mask> was a regular contributor to the industry magazine The Comics Journal (which is published by Fantagraphics) since 1977.Although soft-spoken in person, as a writer <mask> did not shy from controversy. Even though he personally reviewed Dave Sim's long-running self-published comic Cerebus in early issues of The Comics Journal, <mask> (along with Groth) later took Sim to task in its pages for Sim's controversial statements about feminism and self-publishing. <mask> was also a regular contributor to the (now defunct) Fantagraphics-published magazine Amazing Heroes, writing for that journal from 1981 to 1987. Since Fantagraphics began publishing comics in 1982, <mask> edited many of the company's most popular titles, including Peter Bagge's Hate, Chris Ware's Acme Novelty Library, Joe Sacco's Palestine, Stan Sakai's Usagi Yojimbo, Linda Medley's Castle Waiting, and anthologies like Critters and Zero Zero. <mask>'s last major Fantagraphics release was a remastered and expanded new edition of Guy Peellaert's landmark graphic novel The Adventures of Jodelle (1966) for which <mask> also provided a new translation from the French. Translator
A long-time champion of European comics, <mask> translated the work of a number of international cartoonists published by Fantagraphics, as well as material used in The Comics Journal. He was also the regular translator of the Ignatz Series co-published by Fantagraphics.<mask> described his translation work for Fantagraphics this way:

Illness and death
On March 6, 2013, <mask> announced he had lung cancer and was taking a leave of absence from Fantagraphics to pursue treatment. He died on June 19, 2013 at his home, at the age of 56, survived by his wife, Lynn Emmert, as well as his mother, father, and brother. Awards
<mask> was given an Inkpot Award in 2001. He was a 1996 Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards nominee for Best Editor for The Acme Novelty Library, Palestine, and Zero Zero. In early October 2021, <mask> was awarded the inaugural Tom Spurgeon Award at the Cartoon Crossroads Columbus’ (CXC) seventh festival. Fellow awardees included Chicago Tribune-New York Daily News syndicate vice-president and director Mollie Slott and All-Negro Comics founder and publisher Orrin Evans. The Tom Spurgeon Award is aimed at recognizing the role of non-cartoonists – living and deceased – in supporting the broader medium.Tributes
Comics journalist Tom Spurgeon:

Comics critic R. Fiore:

Bibliography
 "Devoured By His Own Fantasies", introduction to Optimism of Youth: The Underground Work of Jack Jackson, Fantagraphics, 1991. (with Gary Groth)
 "Introduction". in Mézières, Jean-Claude and Christin, Pierre. Valerian: The New Future Trilogy. New York: iBooks (2004). pp. 1–2. .Translated works
 B, David, 2011. The armed garden and other stories. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. B, David, 2006a. Babel. 2 2. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle; [Bologna].B, David, 2006b. Epileptic. Pantheon Books, New York. B, David, MacOrlan, P., 2010. The littlest pirate king. Fantagraphics ; Turnaround [distributor], Seattle, Wash.; London. Blanquet, 2010.Toys in the basement. Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.
 Corona, M., 2007a. Reflections. 2. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle; [Bologna]. Corona, M., 2007b. Reflections.3. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle; [Bologna]. Corona, M., 2006. Reflections. 1. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle; [Bologna]. Forest, J.-C., Tardi, J., Kusa, B., Lees, G., 2009.You are There. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Franquin, A., 2013. Franquin's Last Laugh. Fantagraphics Books. Franquin, Jidéhem, Greg, M., 1995. Z is for Zorglub.Fantasy Flight Pub., [United States]. Ghermandi, F., 2005. Grenuord. 1 1. Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.
 Ghermandi, F., 2003. The wipeout. Fantagraphics, Seattle, WA.Giandelli, G., 2012. Interiorae, 1 edition. ed. Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.; London. Gipi, 2006. They found the car. Fantagraphics, Seattle, WA.Gipi, 2005. Wish you were here. 1, 1,. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle; [Bologna]. Igort, 2008. Baobab 3. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle; [Bologna].Igort, 2006. Baobab 2. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle; [Bologna]. Igort, 2005. Baobab 1. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle, WA; [Bologna, Italy?]. Jason, 2013.Lost Cat. Jason, 2011. Athos in America. Jason, 2010. What I did. Fantagraphics Books ; Distributed in the U.S. by W.W. Norton, Seattle, WA; [New York]. Jason, 2009a.Almost silent. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle. Jason, 2009b. Low moon. Fantagraphics Books ; Distributed in the U.S. by W.W. Norton, Seattle, WA; [New York]. Jason, 2008a. Pocket full of rain: and other stories.Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, Wash.
 Jason, 2008b. The Left Bank gang. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, Wash. - Winner of the Eisner Award for Best U.S. Edition of International Material Award in 2007
 Jason, 2007. The last musketeer. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. - Winner of the Eisner Best U.S.Edition of International Material Award in 2009
 Jason, 2006a. Meow, baby! Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.
 Jason, 2006b. The Living and the Dead. Jason, 2005. Why are you doing this? Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.
 Jason, 2004.You can't get there from here. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle. Jason, 2001. Hey, wait--. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Jason, Elvestad, S., 2003. The iron wagon.Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, Wash.
 Kellerman, M., 2005a. Rocky 1. Fantagraphics ; Turnaround [distributor], Seattle, Wash.; London. Kellerman, M., 2005b. Rocky 2. Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.
 Kellerman, M., 2005c. Rocky 3.Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.
 Kellerman, M., 2005d. Rocky 4. Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.
 Lehmann, M., 2006. Hwy 115. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Lopez, F.S., Lopez, G.S., 1991. Ana.Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, Wash.
 Macherot, R., 2011. Sibyl-Anne vs. Ratticus. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, Wash.
 Mahler, 2012. Angelman: fallen angel. Fantagraphics ; Turnaround [distributor], Seattle, Wash.; London. Manara, M., Fellini, F., Pisu, S., 2012a. The Manara library.Volume 3. Dark Horse Books, Milwaukie, Or. Manara, M., Orzechowski, T., Buhalis, L., 2013. The Manara library. Volume 4. Dark Horse ; Diamond [distributor], Milwaukie, Or. ; London.Manara, M., Pratt, H., 2011. The Manara library. Volume 1. Dark Horse Books, Milwaukie, Or. - Winner of the Eisner Best U.S. Edition of International Material Award in 2012
 Manara, M., Pratt, H., Milani, M., 2012b. The Manara library.Volume 2. Dark Horse Books, Milwaukie, Or. Martí, 2007. Calvario Hills. 1 1. Fantagraphics Books : Coconino Press, Seattle. Marzocchi, L., 2007.Niger # 2. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, Wash.
 Marzocchi, L., 2006. Niger. Fantagraphics Books ; Coconino Press, Seattle; [Bologna, Italy?]. Mattotti, L., Piersanti, C., 2010. Stigmata. Fantagraphics ; Turnaround [distributor], Seattle, WA; London.Mattotti, L., Zentner, J., 2012. The Crackle of the Frost, 1 edition. ed. Fantagraphics, Seattle, Wash.
 Max, 2006. Bardín the Superrealist: his deeds, his utterances, his exploits, and his perambulations. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Peellaert, G., Bartier, P., Sterckx, P., 2013.The adventures of Jodelle. Schultheiss, M., 1992. Talk dirty. Eros Comix, Seattle, WA. Sokal, 1989. Shaggy dog story: from the files of Inspector Carnado. Rijperman / Fantagraphics, [France].Tardi, J., 2011. The Arctic marauder. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle. Tardi, J., 2010a. It was the war of the trenches. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle. - Winner of the Eisner Best U.S.Edition of International Material Award in 2011
 Tardi, J., 2010b. The extraordinary adventures of Adele Blanc-Sec. [Volume] 1, [Volume] 1,. Fantagraphics Books ; Distributed ... by W.W. Norton, Seattle, WA; [New York]. Tardi, J., Legrand, B., Grange, D., 2012. New York Mon Amour, 1 edition. ed.Fantagraphics, Seattle, WA. Tardi, J., Malet, L., 2015. Fog over Tolbiac Bridge. Tardi, J., Manchette, J.-P., 2011. Like a sniper lining up his shot. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Tardi, J., Manchette, J.-P., 2009.West coast blues. Fantagraphics Books ; Distributed in the U.S. by W.W. Norton, Seattle, WA; [New York?]. Tardi, J., Thompson, K., 2011. The extraordinary adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec. The Mad Scientist and Mummies on Parade [Vol.] 2 [Vol.] 2.Fantagraphics Books ; Distributed to bookstores in the U.S. by W.W. Norton, Seattle, Wash.; [New York]. Tardi, J., Verney, J.-P., Dascher, H., 2013. Goddamn this war! Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. - Winner of the Eisner Best U.S. Edition of International Material Award in 2014
 Trondheim, L., 2012. Ralph Azham.Volume 1. Fantagraphics ; Turnaround [distributor], Seattle, Wash.; London. Trondheim, L., 1998. The Hoodoodad. Fantagraphics, Seattle, WA. Trondheim, L., 1997. Harum scarum.Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Vehlmann, F., Jason, Hubert, 2011. Isle of 100,000 graves. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Notes

References

 Interview, David Anthony Kraft's Comics Interview #14 (1984), (16 p.)

External links

 Thompson's Fantagraphics blog
 "The Infinite <mask>," A photo comic written by and starring <mask>
 Inkstuds: One-hour podcast interview with Gary Groth and <mask>
 Spurgeon, Tom. "A Short Interview with <mask> and Gary Groth", Comics Reporter, (December 31, 1999)
 Netzer, Michael. "Thinking of <mask>," If Life was a Comic Book blog (May 8, 2013)

American magazine editors
Fantagraphics
American magazine publishers (people)
Writers from Seattle
1956 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in Washington (state)
20th-century American translators

masks:
Kim Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Kim Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Kim
Kim Thompson
Kim Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Kim Thompson


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{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = <mask>
| image = <mask> Miss Universe 2016.jpg
| caption = <mask> in 2017
| birth_name = <mask>
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Manila, Philippines
| years_active = 1969–present
| height  = 5 ft 5 in
| eye_color= Brown
| hair_color= Dark brown
| occupation = Actress, model
| title =
Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1969Miss Universe 1969| competitions =
Binibining Pilipinas 1969(Winner – Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1969)Miss Universe 1969(Winner)(10 Best in Swimsuit)
|children=3|domestic_partner=Mike de Jesus|spouse=}}<mask> (born March 10, 1951), professionally known as <mask>', is a Filipino actress of film and television, model and beauty queen who rose to fame after being crowned Miss Universe 1969, becoming the first Filipino to hold the Miss Universe title. Early life and family
Often cited as being part of the Díaz clan, she is one of twelve children (ten girls and two boys). Her sister, Rio Díaz, was also an actress and beauty titlist. Pageantry

While studying in college, Díaz was scouted by a pageant aficionado and was convinced to join the sixth edition of Binibining Pilipinas. Her looks and, more importantly, her wit captivated the audience and she was crowned Binibining Pilipinas-Universe 1969 at 18 years old. Díaz was then sent to Miami Beach, Florida, U.S. to compete in Miss Universe 1969. Arriving at the pageant as an early favorite, Díaz did not disappoint and sailed throughout all the pageant's events that led up to the finals at the Miami Beach Auditorium.Making it to the Top 5, she participated in the final question round and her answer to the question regarding "men in the moon" charmed the audience and the judges. She was crowned as Miss Universe on July 19, 1969 and became the very first Filipina to win the Miss Universe crown. News of her victory (and her measurements) were communicated to the Apollo 11 crew members during their space mission. During her reign, Díaz travelled through several countries to promote the advocacies supported by the Miss Universe Organization as well as appeared in many public and television events in the United States. Acting career
Beginnings
Shortly after her reign as Miss Universe ended, she pursued an acting career in the Philippines, and in 1975, she was cast in her breakthrough performance as Isabel in the critically acclaimed Ang Pinakamagandang Hayop sa Balat ng Lupa. Her performance in the film was met with praise by film critics and was considered one of the most promising breakthroughs of any actress in Philippine cinema. Later that year, she was nominated for a FAMAS Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Lead Role.Díaz continued acting in film for many years before trying out starring in television. It was in 1996 when she first appeared in the drama series Anna Karenina. She garnered popularity after appearing in the sitcom Kool Ka Lang on GMA Network in 1998. That same year, she appeared in the biopic film Jose Rizal where she played Rizal's mother Dona Teodora Alonso. Her portrayal of Rizal's mother won a Best Supporting Actress award at the 1998 Metro Manila Film Festival. In 2006, Díaz was cast in the psychological thriller Nasaan Ka Man alongside award-winning actress Hilda Koronel, Claudine Barretto, Diether Ocampo and Jericho Rosales. For her role as Lilia, a woman trying to suppress her distraught as she tries to keep her family together, Díaz was once again nominated and eventually awarded as FAMAS Best Supporting Actress.In 2009, she once again won a FAMAS Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the highly acclaimed film Sagrada Familia. In 2010, she starred in two GMA projects, Beauty Queen and Diva. She returned to GMA for Mistaken Identity after a brief stint in 100 Days to Heaven. In 2011, she played a supporting stint in her first TV5 project, Glamorosa, as Dra. Claudia Montesilva-Herrera. Recent works
From 2012 to 2018, Díaz has appeared in several ABS-CBN television dramas including Kung Ako'y Iiwan Mo, May Isang Pangarap, Mirabella, Dream Dad and roles in MMK and an appearance in Ipaglaban Mo. She returned to GMA again in 2018 to play an evil mother role on Pamilya Roces.She also participated in the blockbuster comedy films Sisterakas and Kung Fu Divas. In 2019, Díaz returned to ABS-CBN and was recently cast in the afternoon drama series Los Bastardos where she portrayed the role of Soledad Cardinal, the long-lost wife of Don Roman Cardinal (Ronaldo Valdez). She also appeared as a fictional version of herself in the second season of the Netflix series Insatiable with Dallas Roberts and Debby Ryan. In 2020, Díaz returned to TV5. Personal life
Díaz obtained her high school diploma from the basic education department of St. Scholastica's College Manila. She is separated from businessman Gabriel "Bong" Daza III, with whom she has two daughters, Isabelle and Ava, and one son, Raphael. In 2010, the Cebu chapter of the Vice Mayors League declared <mask> persona non grata.Filmography
Television

Film

Nominations and awards

Controversy
In a TV Patrol interview shortly after the Miss Universe 2010 pageant on August 23, Díaz commented on Binibining Pilipinas contestant Venus Raj becoming 4th runner-up. She suggested in the interview that perhaps Raj and other Filipinas would benefit from answering pageant questions via the use of an interpreter rather than in English. Díaz further said that: "Because when you think about a Cebuana can hardly speak English and of course Tagalog. Maybe she should answer in Bisaya." Her remark sparked outrage amongst many Cebuanos, who felt that Díaz insulted their English proficiency. Cebuano politicians such as Cebu Governor Gwendolyn Garcia and Congresswoman Rachel del Mar called on her to apologise. In response to the controversy, Díaz saw no need to apologize and instead clarified her remarks:

On 1 September 2010, the Vice Mayors' League of the Philippines-Cebu passed a resolution declaring Díaz a persona non grata'' within Cebu City.See also

 Margie Moran
 Pia Wurtzbach
 Catriona Gray
 Binibining Pilipinas
 Philippines at Major Beauty Pageants

References

External links

1951 births
20th-century Filipino actresses
21st-century Filipino actresses
ABS-CBN personalities
Binibining Pilipinas winners
Filipino film actresses
Filipino television actresses
Filipino television personalities
Filipino women comedians
GMA Network personalities
Ilocano people
Living people
Filipino people of German descent
Filipino people of Spanish descent
Miss Universe 1969 contestants
Miss Universe winners
People from Manila
People from La Union
St. Scholastica's College Manila alumni
Star Circle Quest
TV5 (Philippine TV network) personalities

masks:
Gloria Diaz
Gloria Diaz
Diaz
Gloria Maria Aspillera Diaz
Gloria Maria Aspillera Diaz
Gloria Diaz
Gloria Diaz


text_chunks:
<mask> (May 25, 1910 – March 1, 1987) was an American newspaper reporter and folk singer who was blacklisted during the McCarthy era. He composed the popular satirical song "Old Man Atom," which was famously banned during the period. It is considered one of the first anti-nuclear songs of the post-war era. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> in Bloomington, Illinois, a son of <mask> and <mask>. His father <mask> (1874-1959) was born in Chester, Meigs County, Ohio, son of <mask> (1848-1926), a farmer who family tradition states was a local preacher and with his older brother <mask> was captured briefly by Colonel Morgan's troops as they retreated through the <mask> family farm in 1863. The Partlows first came to Ohio in 1809 (listed in history of Meigs County, Ohio books as the second settler of Pomeroy) when <mask> (1786-1866) and his wife <mask> (1788-1862) settled as farmers. These were the great-great-grandparents of <mask> and their eldest son <mask> (1812-1886) was the great-grandfather of <mask>.After the death of his first wife Abner <mask> settled in Illinois around 1905 and married Florence Alva Hoover and had two sons, <mask> and <mask> <mask>. <mask> worked in early radio and wire services in Wisconsin and Chicago. He began working for Manchester Boddy's Los Angeles Daily News (which is unrelated to the current newspaper of the same name) in the 1930s. He worked as a crime reporter as well as a writer of feature stories. <mask> was also active in the trade union movement early in his life, even though he was also actively working as a newspaper journalist. In the mid-1940s, <mask> was host of a Los Angeles-based radio program about union issues which aired on a Congress of Industrial Organizations-owned radio station. <mask> was an avid musician.The first of his songs to become widely known was the satirical "Newspapermen Meet Such Interesting People," composed in 1947. The song describes some of the murderers, thieves, and other disreputable people which a newspaper reporter meets, and lumps newspaper publishers in with them. The song, which includes a plea for reporters to join The Newspaper Guild (a labor union which represents reporters, among others), includes the stanza:
Oh, publishers are such interesting people;
Their policy's an acrobatic thing. They shout they represent the common people. It's funny Wall Street never has complained. But publishers have worries, for publishers must go
To working folks for readers, and big shots for their dough;
Oh, publishers are such interesting people;
It could be press-titution, I don't know. Around the time <mask> composed this song, he became a member of People's Songs.The group had been formed late in the evening on December 31, 1945, after folk singers Pete Seeger and Lee Hays convened a group of more than two dozen musicians in Seeger's Greenwich Village apartment in New York City. The goal of the organization was to create a radical left-wing movement of musicians. <mask> became part of People's Songs in late 1945, after several branches of the group were formed in California. For many years thereafter, <mask> remained at the core of left-wing musical culture on the West Coast. He was also active politically. He was a public relations consultant to the California Attorney General races of Edmund G. "Pat" Brown in 1946 and 1950. "Old Man Atom"
After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, many people feared what might happen if a general nuclear war broke out, and a number of protest songs were written in protest of this new danger.<mask> had interviewed nuclear weapons scientists for the Los Angeles Daily News in the early fall of 1945. They had told him what the effects of a nuclear war might be like, which deeply alarmed <mask>. Before the end of the year, he had written a talking blues song titled "Old Man Atom." The song treats its subject in comic-serious fashion, with a combination of black comedy puns (such as "We hold these truths to be self-evident/All men may be cremated equal" or "I don't mean the Adam that Mother Eve mated/I mean that thing that science liberated") on serious choices to be made in the nuclear age ("The people of the world must pick out a thesis/Peace in the world, or the world in pieces"). The song quickly gained attention among folk musicians. Pete Seeger first heard the song while traveling in California in the late summer or early fall of 1946. The song's music and lyrics were published in People's Songs (the newsletter for the People's Songs organization) in January 1947 under the title "Atomic Talking Blues."Irving Bibo Music held the copyright. Seeger recorded the song under the title "Talking Atom" in 1948. Sam Hinton made a recording for the small California record label ABC Eagle in early 1950 (which later sold its rights to this recording to Columbia Records), and the Sons of the Pioneers made one for RCA Victor in the spring or summer of 1950. Lyrics referring to the United Nations and non-English-speaking countries building their own nuclear arsenals were changed in the Sons of the Pioneers recording, and replaced with blander lyrics about people coming together to end the threat of nuclear war. Fred Hellerman made a recording for the Jubilee label, and Ozzie Waters recorded one for Coral (a Decca subsidiary label). Even Bing Crosby was rehearsing a version to be released by Decca Records. The song began catching on with the public.Popular New York City disc jockey Martin Block played it extensively on his show, "Make-Believe Ballroom," and the song quickly began receiving significant airplay nationwide. Cash Box declared it the "Sleeper of the Week" (for its enduring longevity on the charts) in July 1950. Billboard declared it a "hit" in early August. By September 1950 it was a recognized hit record throughout the music industry. Billboard, Variety, and Cash Box all positively reviewed the song. But "Old Man Atom" also was generating controversy. Protests were held to denounce what critics felt were communistic ideas in the lyrics.The New York City-based Joint Committee Against Communism, which had recently and successfully campaigned to have the actress Jean Muir kicked off the television program The Aldrich Family for allegedly having communist sympathies, began a grassroots effort against the song. This campaign had an immediate effect. Some radio stations banned the song, and Columbia Records and RCA Victor both withdrew copies of the song from sale at the end of August 1950. The widely syndicated anti-communist newspaper columnist Victor Riesel condemned the song. <mask> received some support, however. Life magazine denounced the withdrawal of the song from store shelves: "...we don't like the private censorship that has resulted in the withdrawal, by RCA Victor and Columbia Records, Inc., of a 'talking blues number' called Old Man Atom, presumably on receipt of complaints that it 'parrots' the current Communist line on peace." The New York Times editorialized that "A new high in absurdity has been reached by two large record manufacturers who have recently withdrawn from distribution a five-year-old song about the atomic bomb because of some protests that it coincided with current Communist 'peace' agitation....this new form of censorship by self-appointed groups is a threat to freedom. ... If the song that caused all the furor, 'Old Man Atom,' is propaganda at all, it is by rights American, not Russian, propaganda." Nonetheless, the song disappeared from both the airwaves and store shelves. The ban, however, appeared to be short-lived. According to musician Ozzie Waters, the song returned to radio airplay a month later. But the song's popularity had ended, and sales never recovered.Nearly a decade after the controversy, music critic Robert Shelton called the song full of "savage humor". Later life and death
The controversy over "Old Man Atom" eventually led to <mask>'s dismissal from his job. The song's notoriety led federal agents to investigate him for his left-wing political views. In October 1952, <mask> was named a member of the Communist Party by witnesses testifying before the House Un-American Activities Committee. <mask> was asked by the Los Angeles Daily News to publicly declare that he was not a member of the Communist Party USA, and he refused on the grounds that no one should be required to publicly declare his political affiliation as a requirement to keep his job. The Daily News fired him and he was blacklisted. <mask>'s union, The Newspaper Guild, appealed his dismissal as a violation of the union's contract with the newspaper.An arbitration committee ruled 3-to-2 against the Guild. After his dismissal, <mask> worked extensively in public relations and government. He was a public relations consultant in the Los Angeles mayoral campaign of Fletcher Bowron in the early 1950s, the Los Angeles City Council races of Edward R. Roybal in the late 1950s. Later, in the 1960s and 1970s, <mask> worked as a publicist and public relations expert for a number of Jewish organizations in the Los Angeles area. <mask> remained part of the protest song movement as well. Partly wishing to encourage younger songwriters like <mask>, Pete Seeger established the magazine Broadside in 1961 to promote the work of younger folk artists. "Old Man Atom" made a comeback among folk singers in the 1960s, and Tom Glazer made a very popular recording which he released as part of his Songs of Peace, Freedom, and Protest set in 1970.<mask> <mask> died of cancer in a hospital in Los Angeles, California, on March 1, 1987. He was survived by three sons. The first two stanzas of "Newspapermen Meet Such Interesting People" are played at the start and finish of The Media Project, a weekly radio program on National Public Radio. Partial list of Partlow songs
A partial listing of <mask>'s more popular folk and protest songs includes:
"I'm a Native American Nazi"
"My Name is Cannery Bill"
"Newspapermen Meet Such Interesting People"
"Old Man Atom" (also known as "Talking Atom" and "Atomic Talking Blues")
"Susan's in the Union"
"The U.A.W. Train"

Footnotes

Bibliography
Alwood, Edward. Dark Days in the Newsroom: McCarthyism Aimed at the Press. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2007."Ban Is Put On Song About the Atom." New York Times. September 1, 1950. Burton, Bernie. "Newspapers at Risk of Becoming Shopping Specials." Ventura County Star. March 23, 1998.Cogley, John and Miller, Merle. Blacklisting: Two Key Documents. New York: Arno Press, 1971. Cohen, Ronald D. Rainbow Quest: The Folk Music Revival and American Society, 1940-1970. Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Press, 2002. "Col Buys ABC Atom."Billboard. August 5, 1950. Dunaway, David King. How Can I Keep From Singing: Pete Seeger. New York: Da Capo Press, 1981. Escobar, Edward J. Race, Police, and the Making of a Political Identity: Mexican Americans and the Los Angeles Police Department, 1900-1945.Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1999. Hamrah, A.S. "Bombay Is Atomic India." Boston Globe. October 13, 2002. Heldenfels, R.D. "Love 'Little People, Big World'." Tulsa World.April 18, 2010. Hillinger, Charles. "Modern Songwriters Tune In to Atomic Bomb." Los Angeles Times. February 11, 1992. Lotchin, Roger W. The Way We Really Were: The Golden State in the Second Great War. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 2000."No Private Censors." Life. September 11, 1950. "Old Man Atom." New York Times. September 9, 1950. "The Press: The Right to Loyalty."Time. September 1, 1952. "RCA Victor Quietly Quashes Its 'Old Man Atom' Recording." Variety. August 31, 1950. Rense, Rip. "The Ink-Stained Memoirs."Los Angeles Times. May 4, 2003. Shelton, Robert. "Ancient Art of Poking Fun - on LP." New York Times. March 22, 1959. Shelton, Robert.No Direction Home: The Life and Music of Bob Dylan. Cambridge, Mass. : Da Capo Press, 2003. "<mask> <mask>: His Peace Song Stirred Ruckus." Los Angeles Times. March 4, 1987. Wolfe, Charles K. and Akenson, James Edward.Country Music Goes to War. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 2005. External links
 (courtesy of Folksinging.org)

1910 births
1987 deaths
American newspaper reporters and correspondents
Trade unionists from Illinois
American folk singers
Jewish American songwriters
Writers from Bloomington, Illinois
Singers from Illinois
20th-century American singers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Songwriters from Illinois
20th-century American Jews

masks:
Vern Partlow
Vern Partlow
Verneil Hoover Partlow
Abner Moses Partlow
Florence Hoover Partlow
Abner Moses Partlow
Moses Ackley Partlow
Joseph Partlow
Partlow
Amos Partlow
Sarah Bailey Partlow
Vern Partlow
John Partlow
Partlow
Moses Partlow
Eugene Partlow
Verniel
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Vern
Partlow
Partlow
Vern
Partlow


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<mask> (March 14, 1970 – April 20, 2011) was an American war photographer. <mask> was a finalist twice for a Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography. Biography
<mask> was born in New York City to immigrant Greek and German parents who were child refugees after World War II. He spent most of his childhood in Fayetteville, North Carolina, where he graduated from Terry Sanford High School in 1988. <mask> studied English literature at North Carolina State University where he also worked for the Technician, the campus newspaper. In 1991, <mask> submitted his portfolio and was invited to attend the Eddie Adams Workshop. After graduating from State in 1993, <mask> moved to Athens, Ohio, and earned a master's degree at Ohio University School of Visual Communications.He began his career at the Troy Daily News in Ohio as an intern and later chief photographer before returning to Fayetteville in 1996 to begin a career with The Fayetteville Observer and to be close to his father who died of cancer in 2000. <mask> left his job at The Fayetteville Observer in 1998 to return to New York and concentrate on international reporting. From his base in New York, <mask> worked in most of the world's major conflict zones since the late 1990s, including Kosovo, Angola, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Kashmir, the West Bank, Iraq, and Liberia. <mask> was awarded the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Photojournalism Grant in 1999. In 2001, <mask> was selected for the Pew Fellowship for International Reporting through Johns Hopkins University. Following the September 11 attacks, Hondros took photographs at ground zero. <mask> went to cover the Liberian Civil War in 2003.It was here that <mask> photographed Joseph Duo in an image that graced the front cover of publications worldwide. <mask> also followed Sen. John Kerry's presidential campaign in 2004. When <mask> returned to cover the Liberian election in 2005, he was able to meet Joseph Duo again to discuss the progress that had been made in Liberia since his last visit. His work included disasters such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The United States presidential election in 2008 found Hondros photographing Governor and Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin. His work appeared as the covers of magazines such as Newsweek and the Economist, and on the front pages of The New York Times, The Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times. Photographer Tyler Hicks described <mask> as a "sensitive photographer," adding that "He never was in it for himself or for the vanity of what the job brings with it.He really believes in his work." His photography was featured in the documentary film, Liberia: A Fragile Peace (2006). Iraq photos
<mask>'s images from Iraq, especially a January 2005 picture series detailing the shooting of an Iraqi family by U.S. troops, were published extensively and garnered worldwide acclaim and criticism. On January 18, 2005, an Iraqi family was traveling in a car in Tal Afar. Thinking it was a suicide bomber, U.S. troops opened fire, killing both parents and paralyzing one of their five children sitting in the back seat. As a result of the worldwide interest in his case generated by <mask>'s pictures, the boy, Rakan Hassan, was later flown to the United States for treatment in a Boston hospital, but was murdered in a bombing by insurgents shortly after his return. <mask> won dozens of international awards for the images.One of his pictures of this tragedy is likely to become "one of the few photos from the Iraq war that could stand out in history" according to Liam Kennedy, from University College Dublin. In an interview, <mask> stated:

Libya and death
It was reported on April 20, 2011, that <mask> had been fatally wounded in a mortar attack by government forces in Misrata while covering the 2011 Libyan civil war. Photojournalist Tim Hetherington was also killed in the attack, which wounded two other photographers. Photojournalists Guy Martin said that the group was traveling with rebel fighters. According to The New York Times, <mask> died from his injuries as a result of severe brain trauma. <mask> Fund
The <mask>os Fund is a nonprofit organization established in 2011 in the memory of <mask> and his life's work. The fund's mission is to provide non-profit institutions with grants to advocate for photojournalists.One fellowship for attendance to the Eddie Adams Workshop will be offered annually along with one other fellowship awarded by application. The first fellowship was awarded in 2012 by Getty Images and the Chris Hondros Fund. Hondros film

In 2013 the author Greg Campbell launched a Kickstarter campaign to produce a documentary named Hondros: A Life in Frames. The project was launched with an initial goal of $30,000.00 and became fully funded within three days with a total of $89,639 raised. Campbell and <mask> met and became best friends in high school. After <mask>' death, Campbell was contacted by Liberian Joseph Duo, who was the subject of one of <mask>' most famous photographs. Campbell learned that <mask> had returned to Liberia to help Duo earn his high school, college, and eventually law school education.The film is executive produced by Jake Gyllenhaal and Jamie Lee Curtis. Curtis also assisted Campbell in finding the first significant funding for the project from the Annenberg Foundation. The film, re-titled as Hondros, had its world premiere in April 2017 at the Tribeca Film Festival, where it won the Audience Choice Award for documentaries. It was released in theaters on March 2, 2018. Awards
2003: World Press Photo, Amsterdam: Honorable Mention, Spot News. 2003: Overseas Press Club, New York: John Faber Award. 2004: Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography: Finalist for his work in Liberia.2004: Pictures of the Year International Competition, Missouri School of Journalism: 3rd Place and Honourable Mention, Conflict. 2005: World Press Photo, Amsterdam: Second Prize, Spot News. 2006: Overseas Press Club, New York: Robert Capa Gold Medal for "exceptional courage and enterprise" in his work from Iraq. 2007: American Photo magazine: named "Hero of Photography" for his work in Iraq. 2007: Days Japan International Photojournalism Awards: First Place. 2008: National Magazine Awards: nominee for his essay "A Window on Baghdad". 2012: Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography: Finalist for "coverage of revolutionary protests known as the Arab Spring".See also
 List of photojournalists

References

External links

1970 births
2011 deaths
American photojournalists
American people of Greek descent
Photography in Iraq
Deaths by firearm in Libya
War photographers killed while covering the First Libyan Civil War
North Carolina State University alumni
Journalists from New York City

masks:
Chris Hondros
Hondros
Chris Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Chris Hondros
Chris Hondr
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros


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<mask> (1909 – 26 December 1935) was an Italian pilot who was killed after he was captured by Ethiopians during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War in 1935 near Degehabur. His death and alleged torture became an atrocity story proffered by the Italian government to justify their use of mustard gas against Ethiopian civilians. <mask> was posthumously decorated with the Italian Gold Medal of Valor. Life

<mask> was born in Placanica, near Reggio Calabria, Italy in 1909. He became a military pilot of the Regia Aeronautica in 1933. He had attained the rank of Lieutenant when he volunteered to fight in Ethiopia in 1935. He flew a number of missions over enemy territory.On 26 December 1935 Minniti was flying a reconnaissance mission with an observer, Sergeant Livio Zannoni. He was forced to land behind enemy lines, probably due to engine trouble. Minnitti and Zannoni survived apparently uninjured, but were soon challenged by Ethiopians. What happened next is disputed. Both men were killed, but according to Rainer Baudendistel, "it was never established whether they died defending themselves or were killed after surrender". The only officially recorded testimony of the event, given by an Egyptian paramedic, asserted with details that Minniti was tortured and murdered by Ethiopian troops. Italian version
According to one version of events, <mask> and Zannoni fought the Army of the Ethiopian Empire soldiers who approached.Minniti attacked them with the aircraft's machine gun, killing some of them. Eventually he ran out of ammunition and was forced to surrender. Zannoni was killed, but Minniti was taken to the village of Bolali. Italian propaganda later declared that Minniti was subject to torture and mutilation before his death. This version of events relied on the assertions of an attaché of the Egyptian Red Cross, Abdel Mohsein El Uisci, who later testified to the League of Nations and stated that the severed head and feet of Minniti were carried to the towns of Degehabur, Jijiga and Harar. El Uisci testified:

The leader of the killers, Manghestu, took the genitals and told El Uisci that he intended to flay Minniti's body to make cigarette paper from the skin. El Uisci, again in Dagabur, said he had also witnessed the torture of another Italian soldier, who was mutilated, impaled and then transported on a stake, which pierced a metal bar that was lying on the back of two camels.Castration of defeated enemies was a tradition in Ethiopia as was the taking of body parts as trophies. Italy had already raised the practice at the League of Nations, as part of its justification for the invasion. Isamael Daoud, El Uisci's superior, denied the truth of his account of events. The Italians argued that Daoud was in no position to dispute the accuracy of the story, as he was in Egypt at the time. Kamel Hamed and Labib Salamah, two other members of El Uisci's paramedic team in Ethiopia, supported El Uisci's assertions. In 1937, journalist and historian Indro Montanelli interviewed one of the Ethiopians who killed Minniti, who confirmed El Uisci's account. Ethiopian version

The Ethiopian authorities asserted that the two Italians had been killed not by Ethiopian troops but by local people, angered by the bombing of their villages.The local Ethiopian commander Dejazmach Nasibu Emmanual sent a messenger to the Italian General Rodolfo Graziani, giving the Ethiopian version of events and assuring him that prisoners were being treated in accordance with international law. The messenger was arrested, and Graziani did not reply. Nasibu repeated the Ethiopian version in radio broadcasts. Italian response

Graziani expressed outrage at the killing and ordered immediate bombings of Ethiopian troops. Two Red Cross camp-hospitals in the area were also hit. He even ordered leaflets to be dropped, saying: "You have beheaded one of our airmen, infringing all human and international laws, under which prisoners are sacred and deserve respect. You will get what you deserve.Graziani". The Fascist regime later argued that their use of mustard gas was legitimate because of the alleged atrocity. After the war, the bodies of <mask> and Zannoni were found 200 m from the downed aircraft, but the remains were too decayed and damaged by wild animals for the manner of their death to be determined. Aftermath

Mussolini promoted <mask> as a great Italian Royal Air Force hero. A heroic version of his last hours was circulated that the plane was forced down by enemy anti-aircraft fire rather than by mechanical problems. Undaunted, the wounded Minniti still managed to land safely and hold off the Ethiopians for as long as he could, to protect his incapacitated sergeant. The citation for his award stated that he fought "a titanic and indomitable struggle.Overwhelmed by the number and ferocity of the barbarian enemy he gloriously lost his life: a shining example of high military virtues, proud spirit of sacrifice and indomitable Italian values". Flags in <mask>'s hometown were flown at half-mast. His father was quoted saying, "I have given a son to the fatherland in the World War and I do not regret giving the fatherland another. For the greatness of Italy I am ready to offer the lives of my other four!" The Reggio Calabria Airport, near his birthplace, was named after Minniti and still bears his name. The Italian sculptor Arturo Martini created a memorial entitled "<mask>ti Hero of Africa" in 1936, depicting his headless naked body tied to the tree in cruciform pose. It is preserved in the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna in Rome.The legitimacy of the Italian response was much debated. In 1937, the antifascist writer Giuseppe Antonio Borgese gave his own version of events, arguing that Graziani merely seized on the incident to excuse his actions:

See also
 Second Italo-Abyssinian War
 Timeline of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War

References

Sources
 Baudendistel, Rainer. Between bombs and good intentions: the Red Cross and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936. Berghahn Books, 2006
 Colloredo, Pierluigi. I Pilastri del Romano Impero. Genoa: Associazione Culturale Italia, 2009
 Montanelli, Indro. Guerra e pace in Africa Orientale.Florence: Vallecchi, 1937
 Nicolle, David (1997). The Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935-1936. Westminster, Maryland: Osprey. .
 Pedriali, Ferdinando. L'Aeronautica italiana nelle guerre coloniali. Rome: Ufficio Storico Aeronautica Militare, 2000

1909 births
1935 deaths
20th century in Ethiopia
Castrated people
Italian Air Force personnel
Italian aviators
Italian military personnel of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Italian prisoners of war
Italian torture victims
People from Reggio Calabria
Recipients of the Gold Medal of Military Valor

masks:
Tito Minniti
Minniti
Tito Minniti
Minniti
Minniti
Minniti
Minniti
Tito Minni


text_chunks:
<mask> (born December 17, 1966) is an American country music artist. Signed to MCA Nashville Records in 1992, <mask> broke through on the country music scene that year with his 1993 single "Holdin' Heaven", which reached Number One on Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks. Although he did not land a second Number One until 2002's "Ten Rounds with Jose Cuervo", <mask> has charted more than thirty hit singles in his career, including eleven additional Top Ten hits. He has also released ten studio albums and two greatest-hits albums, with four gold certifications and one double-platinum certification from the RIAA. He was the on-air spokesman for the TNN Outdoors block from 1998 to 2000. Biography
<mask> is the eldest child of Jerry Lynn and <mask>. <mask> graduated from Vidor High School in May 1985.His first college experience was at Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas. He began studying business at Texas State University (then called Southwest Texas State). While studying he sang with a local band in Beaumont called Rimfire led by Jeffrey Adams and Dave Adams, a band that also featured acts such as Mark Chesnutt. One of his friends coaxed him into singing a cover of Hank Williams' "Your Cheatin' Heart" at a local mall recording studio. The owner of the studio was so impressed with his version that he entered <mask> into a local talent contest. <mask> signed with MCA Records in 1992. In 1994, he made a cameo appearance in the film Radioland murders.Music career

1992–1999: MCA Records

<mask>
<mask> released his first single, "That's the Thing About a Memory", in 1992. Although it and follow-up "Someone to Give My Love To" (previously a single in 1971 for Johnny Paycheck) both missed Top 40, he broke through in 1993 with the Number One hit "Holdin' Heaven". This song was the third release from his self-titled debut album, released by MCA on April 27, 1993. Although the album earned RIAA gold certification, its final single ("Why Don't That Telephone Ring") peaked at No. 39. Keith Stegall and Tony Brown shared production duties on the album. No Ordinary Man
No Ordinary Man was the title of <mask>'s second album, which was produced by Jerry Crutchfield.It was also his highest selling, earning a double-platinum certification for U.S. sales of two million copies. All four singles from the album reached Top Five: "Lifestyles of the Not So Rich and Famous", "Watermelon Crawl" (also his first entry on the Billboard Hot 100, at No. 81), "The First Step" and "The Keeper of the Stars". This last song, a love ballad, became a popular choice for fans to use at their weddings. It also won Song of the Year at the Academy of Country Music in 1995. MCA had not originally planned to issue this song as a single, until <mask> commented that it had been receiving favorable reactions when he sang it in concert. Love Lessons
His third album, 1995's Love Lessons, showed a decline in both chart performance and physical sales, despite still earning a gold certification.It was led off by the No. 15 "Walkin' to Jerusalem", followed by two ballads: the No. 9-peaking title track and No. 14 "Heaven in My Woman's Eyes", and finally the No. 21-peaking "4 to 1 in Atlanta". This album also reunited him with Tony Brown, who would also produce all of his subsequent material for MCA. Big Love
Big Love, released in 1996, was the title of <mask>'s fourth album and its first single."Big Love" returned him to the Top Five with a No. 3 peak. After it came another Johnny Paycheck cover, this time of his 1971 single "She's All I Got." Re-titled "Don't Take Her She's All I Got", <mask>'s cover peaked at No. 4. The album's other singles ("Don't Love Make a Diamond Shine" and "Good Ol' Fashioned Love") reached No. 17 and No.47 respectively, with the latter being his first single since 1993 to miss Top 40. Big Love also became his third gold-selling album. I'm from the Country and Keepers: Greatest Hits
<mask> released his final studio album for MCA, I'm from the Country, in late 1997. Its title track, co-written by Richard Young of The Kentucky Headhunters and former MCA Records artist Marty Brown, became the first single. This song was added to the album, which was originally to be titled Walkin' the Line, after the rest of the album had already been completed. It also became his ninth Top 10 hit by reaching No. 3 in early 1998 and his first No.1 on the RPM Country Tracks charts in Canada. Only one other single, the No. 9 hit "I Wanna Feel That Way Again", was released from the album. In 1999, <mask> then released a greatest-hits package entitled Keepers: Greatest Hits, which is certified gold. This album was led off by the No. 31 single "When Mama Ain't Happy" before he left the label. 1999–2004: RCA Records

It's About Time
In 1999, <mask> signed to RCA Records Nashville.Working with producer Billy Joe Walker, Jr., he released his sixth studio album, It's About Time, that year. This album featured a more country pop sound than its predecessors, and was led off by the No. 11 "Put Your Hand in Mine". This song was co-written by Skip Ewing and Jimmy Wayne. The album's other two singles — "Love, You Ain't Seen the Last of Me" and "Take Me With You When You Go" — both landed outside the Top 40. Ten Rounds
Ten Rounds, his second album for RCA, was released in 2001. This album returned him to a more traditionally country sound.It was led off by "A Good Way to Get on My Bad Side", a duet with Mark Chesnutt. This song was a No. 21 country hit, and Chesnutt's first Top 40 chart hit since "This Heartache Never Sleeps" two years previous. After it came the No. 9 "Just Let Me Be in Love", and finishing off the album's single releases was its title track, "Ten Rounds with José Cuervo". In October 2002, this song became <mask>'s second No. 1 country hit, and his first since "Holdin' Heaven" in 1993.It was also his only Top 40 pop hit, with a No. 26 peak on the Billboard Hot 100. The Truth About Men
<mask> charted at No. 38 in early 2003 with "Lately (Been Dreamin' 'Bout Babies)", which was never included on an album. This song was followed by "The Truth About Men", a song whose second verse featured guest vocals from Blake Shelton, Andy Griggs and Montgomery Gentry. This song was the title track to his final RCA album, The Truth About Men, which also produced his final Top Ten hit in the No. 7 "Drinkin' Bone", as well as the No.53 "How'd I Wind Up in Jamaica." Also included on this album was the Rodney Crowell composition "Making Memories of Us", which would later be a Number One country hit in 2005 for Keith Urban. 2005: BNA Records

Greatest Hits
<mask>'s second greatest hits album was released in 2005 via BNA Records, a sister label to RCA. This album reprised most of his RCA single releases, and included new recordings of "I'm from the Country" and "The Keeper of the Stars." Also included on it were the new tracks "Revenge of a Middle-Aged Woman", "Tiny Town" and "Johnny Cash". The first two were released as singles, with the former reaching No. 34 and the latter failing to chart."Johnny Cash" was later covered by Jason Aldean on his 2007 album Relentless, and was a No. 6 country hit for him that year. 2006–present: Blind Mule Records & later work

Different Things
<mask> released his next album, Different Things, in 2006 via his own Blind Mule label. It was led off by the No. 55 "Cheapest Motel", co-written by Cole Deggs of Cole Deggs & the Lonesome. After this song came "Better Places Than This," which failed to chart as well. All American Texan
In June 2016 <mask> returned to the studio to work on his first project in ten years.This album, recorded at Rosewood Studios in Tyler, Texas, was self produced and promoted. <mask> wrote 8 of the album's 10 tracks himself. The album was released in October 2016. <mask> : Live at Billy Bob's Texas
In November 2019 <mask> released a live album, recorded in June 2019 with his band, The ByrdDawgs. The album was recorded at Billy Bob's Texas, and holds nineteen songs. <mask> : Live at Billy Bob's Texas DVD

The DVD of <mask>'s Billy Bob's Texas concert in June 2019, was released in November 2019. In addition to the music, it contains several interview segments with <mask>.Charitable efforts
<mask> has been the National Spokesperson for Special Olympics International for the Country Music Association. He developed a crank bait fishing lure marketed by Norman Lures called The Lifestyles of the Not So Rich & Famous''', named after his hit recording of the song written by Byron Hill and Wayne Tester. For every one of the lures sold <mask> donated ten cents to the Special Olympics. For several years <mask> hosted an annual golfing/fishing/music event, "The Tracy Byrd Homecoming Weekend," later called "The Beaumont Boys Bash", in Southeast Texas to raise money for local charities, including the March of Dimes, the Children's Miracle Network, and culminating in the donation of money to fund the Tracy Byrd Hyperbaric Medicine and Wound Care Center at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Beaumont. <mask> also raised money by soliciting pledges for his attempt to complete the 2002 Houston Marathon. He finished the marathon, and donated all of his pledges to the Children's Miracle Network. In 2003 <mask> published Eat Like a Byrd: The <mask> Byrd Cookbook.He also launched a line of spices, rubs, and marinades to go along with it, called "<mask>'s Tiny Town Products"; a portion of these sales were donated to the Children's Miracle Network. On December 28, 2012, he performed "Amazing Grace" at the memorial service for KFDM news anchor Bill Leger. Personal life

<mask> and his wife, Michele, have three children; daughter Evee (born 1994), and two sons, Logan (born 1998) and Jared (born 2002). The family resides in Beaumont, Texas. In 2009, <mask> took a break from his touring schedule, to spend time at home with his family. In 2014 he toured with a new band, The ByrdDawgs, playing mostly in Texas/SW Louisiana venues. Discography

Studio albumsTracy <mask> <mask> : Live at Billy Bob's Texas (2019)

Live Concert DVDTracy Byrd : Live at Billy Bob's Texas DVD'' (2019)

References

1966 births
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Texas
Living people
People from Beaumont, Texas
Singer-songwriters from Texas
MCA Records artists
RCA Records Nashville artists
People from Vidor, Texas

masks:
Tracy Lynn Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Tracy Byrd
Brenda Vaughn Byrd
Tracy Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Tracy Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Tracy Byrd
Byrd
Tracy Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Tracy
Tracy Byrd
Byrd
Byrd
Byrdracy
Byrd


text_chunks:
<mask>Bert<mask>  (9 June 1921 –17 November 2011) was a Hungarian-born Australian agricultural researcher with contributions to grassland and forage research in the tropics. Education and early professional life
<mask> was born in Győr, Hungary to <mask> and Maria née Gunde. <mask> graduated in Agricultural Science from the Hungarian Royal University of Sciences, going on to obtain his Doctorate in Economic Botany at the same institution. After migrating 1949 to Australia, he joined the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock in 1950. During the 1950s and 1960s, Grof was also involved in forage species collecting missions in Africa, Southeast Asia, and South and Central America. Professional life

<mask> spent large time of his researcher life in South America, dedicated to pasture and forage improvement. He excelled in evaluating the ecological adaptation of large collections of grass and legume forages to low fertility soils in the Colombian Llanos (i.e.Eastern Plains) (1978–1985) and the Cerrados of Brazil (1985–1992), working for the International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), one of the research centers under the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). After leaving Brazil in 1992, Grof moved to the Philippines to open a CIAT forages office for Asia and to initiate systematic evaluation of a large set of forage germplasm in South East Asia. In 1994, he returned to Brazil where he continued to work especially on Stylosanthes improvement until 1997, when he returned to Australia. As a forage agronomist formed in the "Australian school", Grof initiated tropical legume plant breeding (selecting in hybrid Centrosema progenies) at CIAT as early as 1972 when he arrived in Colombia. He was involved in subsequent CIAT breeding programs in the legumes Stylosanthes capitata and S. guianensis during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. He was an author of numerous scientific articles and book chapters, including several articles together with his CIAT colleague Derrick Thomas (see publication list below). As a pasture and forage researcher, Grof identified a large number of commercial grass and legume cultivars that enormously contributed to the improvement of tropical pastures, particularly in Australia and South America.Forage/pasture cultivars

The following forage/pasture cultivars were commercialized and/or released based on <mask>'s germplasm collection and research results. Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk - signal grass; now sown on tens of millions of hectares, particularly in Brazil;
  Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Cook and cv. Endeavour - stylo;
  Desmodium heterophyllum cv. Johnstone - hetero;
  Centrosema pubescens cv. <mask>to - centro;
  Brachiaria ruziziensis cv.Kennedy - ruzi grass;
  Panicum maximum cv. Makueni - guinea grass;
  Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Ubon;
  Stylosanthes capitata + S.macrocephala cv. Campo Grande ;
  Stylosanthes guianensis BRS Grof 1463 + S.guianensis BRS Grof 1480 cv. Bela ;

Honors and awards

In 2001, <mask> was made Fellow of the Tropical Grassland Society of Australia Inc. for his great contribution to our understanding of exotic species ecology, and helping to improve the incomes and lifestyles of innumerable families around the tropical world by plant introduction for tropical pasture improvement. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia for services to primary industry through research and the development of sustainable tropical pasture technology to increase food production, rural incomes, and scientific knowledge in Asia, Central and Southern America, and Australia, was granted to <mask> in 2006. References

Bibliography
  Burt, R.L., Edye, L.A., Williams, W.T., Grof, B. and Nicholson, C.H.L.1971 Numerical analysis of variation patterns in the genus Stylosanthes as an aid to plant introduction and assessment. Austral. J. Agric. Res. 22 (5): 737–757. Burt, R.L., Edye, L.A., Williams, W.T., Gillard, P., <mask>, B., Page, M., Shaw, N.H., Williams, R.J. and Wilson, G.P.M. 1974.Small-sward testing of Stylosanthes in northern Australia: Preliminary considerations. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 25:559-575. Dornelas Fernandes, C., Chakraborty, S., Grof, B., Abranches Purcino, H.M., do Socorro Bona Nascimento, M., D'Avila charchar, M.J., Verzignassi, J.R. and Sobrinho, J.M. 2004. Regional evaluation of Stylosanthes germplasm in Brazil. In: Chakraborty S. (ed.).High-yielding anthracnose-resistant Stylosanthes for agricultural systems. ACIAR Monograph no. 111, Canberra, Australia. pp. 127–134. Edye, L.A., Burt, R.L., Williams, W.T., Williams, R.J. and Grof, B. 1973.A preliminary agronomic evaluation of Stylosanthes species. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 24:511-525. Edye, L.A., Williams, W.T., Burt, R.L., Winter, W.H., Grof, B. and Stillman, S.L. 1977. The assessment of seasonal yield using some Stylosanthes guyanensis accessions in humid tropical and subtropical environments [Queensland]. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 17(86):425-434. Grof, B.1981. The performance of Andropogon gayanus-legume associations in Colombia. The Journal of Agricultural Science 96:233-237. Grof, B. 1982a. Breeding Centrosema pubescens in tropical South America. Tropical Grasslands 16: 80–83.Grof, B. 1982b. Performance of Desmodium ovalifolium Wall. in legume-grass associations. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 59:33-37. Grof, B. 1983.Selección de cultivares forrajeros partiendo de muchas entradas sometidas a pastoreo. In: Paladines, O. (ed.). Germoplasma forrajero bajo pastoreo en pequeñas parcelas: metodologías de evaluación. Red Internacional de Evaluación de Pastos Tropicales (RIEPT), CIAT, Cali, Colombia. pp. 121–130.Grof, B. 1984. Yield attributes of three grasses in association with Desmodium ovalifolium in an isohyperthermic savanna environment of South America. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 61(2):117-120. Grof, B. 1986a. Forage potential of some Centrosema species in the Llanos Orientales of Colombia.Tropical Grasslands 20(3):107-112. <mask>, B. 1986b. Performance of associations of Desmodium canum/Brachiaria spp. in the Oxisol savannas of Colombia. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 63(4):331-332. Grof, B.1986c. Selection of the components of a synthetic variety of Andropogon gayanus. The Journal of Agricultural Science 106:629-633. Grof, B., 1991. Performance of three Centrosema spp. and Pueraria phaseoloides in grazed associations with Andropogon gayanus in the Eastern Plains of Colombia. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 68(4):363-365.Grof, B. and Harding, W.A.T. 1970. Dry matter yields and animal production of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) on the humid tropical coast of North Queensland. Tropical Grasslands 4(1):85-.95. Grof, B. and Thomas, D. 1990. The agronomy of Andropogon gayanus. In: Toledo, J.M., Vera, R., Lascano, C. and Lenné, J.M.(eds.). 1990. Andropogon gayanus Kunth: a grass for tropical acid soils. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. pp. 157–177. <mask>, B., de Andrade, R.P., de Souza, M.A.and Valls, J.M.F. 1989a. Selection of Paspalum spp. adapted to seasonally flooded varzea lands in Central Brazil. Section 3: Forage plant breeding. Proceedings of the 16th International Grassland Congress, 4–11 Oct. 1989, Nice, France. Association Francaise pour la Production Fourragere (AFPF), Versailles, France.pp. 291–292. <mask>, B., de Andrade, R.P., Franca Dantas, M.S. and de Souza, M.A. 1989b. Selection of Brachiaria spp. for the acid soil savannas of the central plateau region of Brazil.Section 3: Forage plant breeding. Proceedings of the 16th International Grassland Congress, 4–11 Oct. 1989, Nice, France. Association Francaise pour la Production Fourragere (AFPF), Versailles, France. pp. 267–268. <mask>, B., Fernandes, C.D. and Fernandes A.T.F.2001. A novel technique to produce polygenic resistance to anthracnose in Stylosanthes capitata. Proceedings of the XIX International Grassland Congress, 10–21 February 2001, São Pedro, SP, Brazil. ID # 13–01. <mask>, B., Fernandes, C.D., Almeida, C.B. and dos Santos, A.V. 1997a.Development of a multicross cultivar of Stylosanthes spp. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Conference, Winnipeg, Canada. Vol. 1, pp. 4–31 to 4–32. <mask>, B., Fernandes, C.D., Almeida, C.B. and dos Santos, A.V.1997b. Selection of Stylosanthes guianensis for the Cerrados of Brazil. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Conference, Winnipeg, Canada. Vol. 1, pp. 4–33 to 4–34. Grof, B., Harding W.A.T.and Woolcock R.F. 1970. Effects of cutting on three ecotypes of Stylosanthes guyanensis. In: Proceedings XI International Grassland Congress. Surfers Paradise, QLD, Australia, 1970. pp. 226–230. <mask>, B., Thomas, D., de Andrade, R.P., Zoby, J.L.F.and de Souza, M.A. 1989c. Perennial legumes and grass-legume associations adapted to poorly drained savannas in tropical South America [Aeschynomene mainly]. Section 3: Forage plant breeding. Proceedings of the 16th International Grassland Congress, 4–11 Oct. 1989, Nice, France. Association Francaise pour la Production Fourragere (AFPF), Versailles, France. pp.189–190. <mask>, B., Flores, A.J., Mendoza, P.E. and Pizarro, E.A. 1990. Regional experience with Centrosema: Northern South America. In: Schultze-Kraft, R. and Clements, R.J. (eds.).Centrosema: Biology, agronomy, and utilization. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. Pp. 391–420. Hutton, E.M. and Grof B. 1993. Increased yield from transgressive segregates of a Stylosanthes capitata cross in a tropical oxisol.Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 70:345-350. Kitajima, E.W., Nasser, L.C.B. and Grof, B. 1987. Mycoplasmalike organisms associated with a witches broom of Centrosema brasilianum in the Federal District, Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 12(3):281-283. Miles, J.W., Clements, R.J., Grof, B. and Serpa, A.1990. Genetics and breeding of Centrosema. In: Schultze-Kraft, R. and Clements, R.J. (eds.). Centrosema: Biology, agronomy, and utilization. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. pp.245–270. Miles, J.W. and <mask>, B. 1990. Genetics and plant breeding of Andropogon gayanus. In: Toledo, J.M., Vera, R., Lascano, C. and Lenne, J.M. (eds.).Andropogon gayanus Kunth: a grass for tropical acid soils. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. pp. 19–35. Miles, J.W. and Grof, B. 1997.Recent advances in studies of anthracnose of Stylosanthes. III. Stylosanthes breeding approaches in South America. Tropical Grasslands 31: 430–434. Rocha, C.M. da, Palacios, E. and Grof, B. 1985.Capacidad de propagación de Arachis pintoi bajo pastoreo. Pasturas Tropicales – Boletin (Cali) 7(3):24-25. Thomas, D. and Grof, B. 1986. Some pasture species for the tropical savannas of South America. 1. Species of Stylosanthes.Herbage Abstracts 56(10):445-454. Thomas, D., Andrade, R.P. de and Grof, B. 1985. Problems experienced with forage legumes in a tropical savanna environment in Brazil. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Grassland Congress, 1985, Kyoto, Japan. The Science Council of Japan / Japanese Society of Grassland Science.pp. 144–146. Further reading
  High-yielding anthracnose-resistant Stylosanthes for agricultural systems (2004 by S. Chakraborty, ed.). Brachiaria: Biology, Agronomy, and Improvement. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) and Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária/ Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Corte (EMBRAPA/CNPGC), Cali, Colombia. 288 pp. (1996 by Miles, J.W., Maass, B.L.and do Valle, C.B. with collaboration of Kumble, V., eds.). [1998. Brachiaria: Biología, Agronomía y Mejaromiento. CIAT and EMBRAPA/CNPGC, Cali, Colombia. 312 pp. – Spanish translation.]1921 births
2011 deaths
Hungarian expatriates in Australia
Hungarian agronomists
Members of the Order of Australia

masks:
Bela "
" Grof
Grof
Bela Grof
Bert Grof
Bert Grof
Bert Grof
Belal
Bert Grof
Bert Grof
Grof
Grof
Grof
Grof
Grof
Grof
Grof
Grof
Grof
Grof