text_chunks:
 New York 2010. 259 pp. (Also trans. anon. October 2010: A Society Adrift: More Interviews and Discussions on The Rising Tide of Insignificancy, Including Revolutionary Perspectives Today.Translated from the French and edited anonymously as a public service. <http://www.notbored.org/ASA.pdf>.) "The Dilapidation of the West: An Interview with <mask>" (trans. David Ames Curtis), Thesis Eleven, May 1995, 41(1): 94–114. "Psychoanalysis and Politics", in: Sonu Shamdasani and Michael Münchow (eds. ), Speculations After Freud: Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, and Culture, Routledge, 1994, pp. 1–12 (also in: World in Fragments, 1997, pp.125–136)
Postscript on Insignificance: Dialogues with <mask> [PI B] (ed./trans. Gabriel Rockhill and John V. Garner). Continuum, London  2011. 160 pp. . (hb.) (Also trans. anon.March 2011: Postscript on Insignificancy, including More Interviews and Discussions on the Rising Tide of Insignificancy, followed by Five Dialogues, Four Portraits and Two Book Reviews [PI A]. Translated from the French and edited anonymously as a public service. <http://www.notbored.org/PSRTI.pdf>.) The Rising Tide of Insignificancy (The Big Sleep) [RTI]. Translated from the French and edited anonymously as a public service. Electronic publication date: December 2003. <http://www.notbored.org/RTI.pdf>.Democracy and Relativism: A Debate [DR]. Translated from the French by John V. Garner. Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. . Window on the Chaos, Including "How I Didn't Become a Musician" – Beta Version [WC]. Translated from the French and edited anonymously as a public service. Electronic publication date: July 2015. <http://www.notbored.org/WoC.pdf>.See also

 Autopoiesis, a term inspired by <mask>' philosophy
 The French autonome movement
 Verstehen, <mask>' adopted methodology of studying social meaning
 Workers' council

Notes

References

Sources
François Dosse. Castoriadis. Une vie. Paris: La Découverte, 2014. .
Anthony Elliott. Critical Visions: New Directions in Social Theory. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. .
Christos Memos. Castoriadis and Critical Theory: Crisis, Critique and Radical Alternatives.Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. .
Alan D. Schrift. Twentieth-Century French Philosophy: Key Themes and Thinkers. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. .
Theofanis Tasis. Καστοριάδης. Μια φιλοσοφία της αυτονομίας [Castoriadis. A philosophy of autonomy]. Athens: Eurasia books.December 2007. .
Theofanis Tassis. <mask>. Disposition einer Philosophie. 2007. FU Dissertationen Online. Alexandros Schismenos. Η Ανθρώπινη Τρικυμία.Ψυχή και Αυτονομία στη Φιλοσοφία του Κορνήλιου Καστοριάδη [The Human Tempest. Psyche and Αutonomy in the Philosophy of <mask>]. Athens: Exarcheia, 2013. .

Further reading

Nelly Andrikopoulou. Το ταξίδι του Ματαρόα, 1945 [Mataroa's Voyage, 1945]. Athens: "Hestia" Printing House, 2007. .
Giorgio Baruchello and Ingerid S. Straume (eds.). Creation, Rationality and Autonomy: Essays on <mask>. Aarhus Universitetsforlag.2013. .
Maurice Brinton. For Workers' Power. Selected Writings (ed. David Goodway). Edinburgh/Oakland: AK Press, 2004. .
David Ames Curtis, "Socialism or Barbarism: The Alternative Presented in the Work of <mask>." Revue Européenne des Sciences Sociales, 86 (December 1989): 293–322. <https://www.academia.edu/13495706/Socialism_or_Barbarism_The_Alternative_Presented_in_the_Work_of_<mask>>.Dimitris Eleas. Ιδιωτικός Κορνήλιος: Προσωπική Μαρτυρία για τον Καστοριάδη [Private <mask>: Personal Testimony about Castoriadis]. Athens: Angelakis, July 2014. .
Andrea Gabler. Antizipierte Autonomie. Zur Theorie und Praxis der Gruppe "Socialisme ou Barbarie" (1949–1967). Hanover: Offizin Verlag, 2009. .
Jürgen Habermas. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: "Excursus on Castoriadis: The Imaginary Institution."Polity Press, 1990, pp. 327–35. .
Axel Honneth. "Rescuing the Revolution with an Ontology: On <mask>' Theory of Society". In: The Fragmanted World of the Social. Essays in Social and Political Philosophy (ed. Charles Wright), SUNY Press, 1995, pp. 168–183. .
Hans Joas.Pragmatism and Social Theory. University of Chicago Press, 1993, pp. 154–171. Vrasidas Karalis (ed.). <mask> and Radical Democracy. Brill, 2009. .
Alexandros Kioupkiolis. Freedom After the Critique of Foundations: Marx, Liberalism, Castoriadis and Agonistic Autonomy.Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. .
Jeff Klooger. Castoriadis: Psyche, Society, Autonomy. Brill, 2009. .
Yannis Ktenas and Alexandros Schismenos.(eds.) Η Σκέψη του Κορνήλιου Καστοριάδη και η Σημασία της για μας Σήμερα [The Thought of <mask> and its Significance for Us Today]. Athens: Eurasia books. 2018. .
Serge Latouche. <mask> ou l'autonomie radicale.Le Passager Clandestin, 2014. .
Johann Michel. Ricoeur and the Post-Structuralists: Bourdieu, Derrida, Deleuze, Foucault, <mask>. Rowman & Littlefield International, 2014. .
Mathieu Noury. <mask>, sociologue ? Critique sociologique de l'ontologie de la création imaginaire sociale. Revue Aspects Sociologiques, 18(1), March 2011. Yorgos Oikonomou (ed.), Η Γένεση της Δημοκρατίας και η Σημερινή Κρίση [The Birth of Democracy and Contemporary Crisis]. Athens: Eurasia books. 2011. .
Mathieu Potte-Bonneville, "Risked democracy: Foucault, <mask> and the Greeks". Radical Philosophy 166 (March/April 2011). Jean-Louis Prat. Introduction à Castoriadis. Paris: La Découverte.2007. .
Richard Rorty. "Unger, <mask>, and the Romance of a National Future." Northwestern University Law Review, 82(2):335–51 (1988). Alexandros Schismenos and Nikos Ioannou. Μετά τον Καστοριάδη. Δρόμοι της Αυτονομίας στον 21ο Αιώνα. [After <mask>.Roads to Autonomy in the 21st Century]. Athens: Exarcheia, 2014. .

Schismenos, Alexandros. "Time in the ontology of <mask>." SOCRATES. 5(3 and 4):64–81 (April 2018). Alexandros Schismenos, Nikos Ioannou and Chris Spannos. <mask> and Autonomy in the Twenty First Century.London: Bloomsbury, 2021. .
Society of Friends of <mask>dis. Ψυχή, Λόγος, Πόλις [Psyche, Logos, Polis]. Athens: Ypsilon, 2007. .
Yannis Stavrakakis. The Lacanian Left: Psychoanalysis, Theory, Politics. Edinburgh University Press, 2007, pp. 37–65. .
Yavor Tarinski. Short Introduction to the Political Legacy of <mask>.Athens: Aftoleksi, 2020. Thesis Eleven, Special Issue '<mask>', 49(1), May 1997. London: Sage Publications. ISSN 0725-5136. John B. Thompson. Studies in the Theory of Ideology. University of California Press, 1984, Chapter 1: "Ideology and the Social Imaginary.An Appraisal of <mask> and Lefort". .
Marcela Tovar-Restrepo, <mask>, Foucault, and Autonomy: New Approaches to Subjectivity, Society, and Social Change. Continuum International Publishing, 2012. .
Joel Whitebook. "Intersubjectivity and the Monadic Core of the Psyche: Habermas and Castoriadis on the Unconscious". In: Maurizio Passerin d'Entrèves and Seyla Benhabib (eds. ), Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity: Critical Essays on The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity. MIT Press, 1997, pp. 172–193. .External links

Overviews

Interviews
Videotaped interview with Chris Marker
 (with English subtitles)
 (The files and documents kept at the Inathèque de France can be consulted at the consultation centre at the Bibliothèque nationale de France.) Obituaries; biographies
<mask> 1922–1997 at the libertarian communist website libcom.org, 27 September 2003
David Ames Curtis. "<mask>: An Obituary." Salmagundi, Spring–Summer 1998: 52–61. Reprinted as "<mask>: Philosopher of the Social Imagination." Free Associations, 7:3 (1999): 321–30. Available online: <http://www.agorainternational.org/about.html>.Symposium: <mask>, 1922–1997, obituaries and profiles by Axel Honneth, Edgar Morin, and Joel Whitebook, Radical Philosophy magazine, July/August 1998 (access restricted to subscribers)
"Obituary: Castoriadis and the democratic tradition" by Takis Fotopoulos, Democracy & Nature, Vol. 4, No. Thesis Eleven, February 2004, 76(1), pp. 49–69
Suzi Adams, "<mask>' long journey through Nomos: Institution, creation, interpretation". Tijdschrift voor Filosofie, 70 (June), 269–295 (2008)
Linda M.G. Zerilli (2002), "Castoriadis, Arendt, and the Problem of the New",
"The autonomy project and Inclusive Democracy: a critical review of Castoriadis' thought", by Takis Fotopoulos, The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy, Vol. 4,

masks:
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoria
Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis
Castoriadis


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<mask>,  (24 July 1862 – 24 January 1931), known as <mask>, was a South African author, politician, mining financier and pioneer of the fruit industry. He authored the classic children's book, Jock of the Bushveld (1907). As a politician, he defended British Imperial interests before and during the Anglo-Boer War. FitzPatrick is responsible for the creation of the two minute silence observed on Armistice Day. Early life
<mask> was born in King William's Town, the eldest son of <mask>, who was a judge of the Supreme Court of the Cape Colony, and Jenny FitzGerald. Both were originally from Ireland. Two of <mask>'s other sons were killed in action – Thomas in the Matabele Rebellion and George in the Second Anglo-Boer War (serving on the British side with the Imperial Light Horse Regiment).Education
<mask> <mask> was first educated at Downside School near Bath, Somerset, and later at St. Aidan's College in Grahamstown. Career

After his father's death in 1880, <mask> <mask> (later self-selected <mask>) left college to support his mother and her family. After working for some time as a clerk in Cape Town's Standard Bank, he travelled to the Eastern Transvaal goldfields in 1884, where he worked as a storeman, prospector's assistant and journalist as well as an ox-wagon transport-rider from the former Lourenço Marques to Lydenburg and Barberton. He later became editor of the Gold Fields News in Barberton. An account of FitzPatrick's adventures during this time, Jock of the Bushveld, was published in 1907. He also authored The Transvaal from Within, which greatly influenced public opinion in Great Britain in the years leading up to the Anglo-Boer War. It emphasised the grievances of mainly English-speaking Uitlander against the Boer government and advocated British intervention in the South African Republic (ZAR).In 1892 <mask> became the head of intelligence in the Johannesburg offices of Hermann Eckstein and Company (part of Wernher-Beit and Company). <mask> became the secretary of the Reform Committee in Johannesburg in 1895. The Committee conspired to overthrow Paul Kruger's South African Republic government from 1895 to 1896. <mask> also acted as go-between the Committee and Cecil Rhodes and Leander <mask> in Cape Town. On 29 December 1895, <mask> led a failed raid from the Bechuanaland Protectorate (modern-day Botswana) to aid the conspirators in Johannesburg, but was stopped at Doornkop on 2 January 1896. <mask> was charged with the others for high treason. Although sentenced to two years' imprisonment and a £2,000 fine, he was released in May 1896.At the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) <mask> helped to establish the Imperial Light Horse Regiment. Prevented by ill health from active service, he remained during the war in Britain as Official Adviser on South African Affairs to the British Government. <mask> was knighted in November 1902, and later appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George. He served as one of eight Transvaal representatives in the National Convention of 1908–9, where four British colonies were consolidated into the Union of South Africa. He went on to serve as a member of the parliament of the Union of South Africa, and successfully defended his Pretoria seat in 1906 and 1910. <mask> and General J.B.M. Hertzog worked out the agreement that recognised English and Dutch as the official languages of the Union.FitzPatrick kept wild animals that he brought back to Johannesburg after hunting trips at what now is Zoo Lake. Some of these animals formed the first stock of the Johannesburg Zoo. He also helped establish citrus farming in South Africa. Two-minute silence on Armistice Day

On 27 October 1919, a suggestion from Fitzpatrick for a moment of silence to be observed annually on 11 November, in honour of the dead of World War I, was forwarded to George V, then King of the United Kingdom, who on 7 November 1919, proclaimed "that at the hour when the Armistice came into force, the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, there may be for the brief space of two minutes a complete suspension of all our normal activities … so that in perfect stillness, the thoughts of everyone may be concentrated on reverent remembrance of the glorious dead." 11 November was the date in 1918 that the formal end of combat occurred to end World War I. Fitzpatrick was thanked for his suggestion of the two-minute silence by Lord Stamfordham, the King's Private Secretary:
 Dear Sir <mask>,
 The King, who learns that you are shortly to leave for South Africa, desires me to assure you that he ever gratefully remembers that the idea of the Two Minute Pause on Armistice Day was due to your initiation, a suggestion readily adopted and carried out with heartfelt sympathy throughout the Empire. Signed Stamfordham

Family
Fitzpatrick married Elizabeth Lilian Cubitt (1870-1923) in 1886. They had four children: <mask> (1889-1917), Alan (1894-1928), Oliver (1897-1927) and Cecily (1899-1992).Their eldest son, Major <mask> Fitzpatrick, was killed on 14 December 1917 in Beaumetz during World War I. Death and legacy
Sir <mask> FitzPatrick died in Amanzi, Uitenhage, Union of South Africa in 1931, aged 68, from undisclosed causes. He was buried at "The Look Out" , north of Uitenhage. The site has views of the Sundays River Valley below. The Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology was founded at the University of Cape Town in 1959 by Mrs. Cecily K. Niven, daughter and only surviving child of <mask>, for the study of the living birds of Africa. The <mask>tzPatrick Award is an award for the best South African children's book in English and was initiated in 1970. Publications
 Through Mashonaland with Pick and Pen (based on Randolph Churchill's 1891 Rhodesian expedition, led by FitzPatrick)
 , 1899
 Jock of the Bushveld (based on FitzPatrick's transport riding days, was first published in 1907 upon persuasion by his friend Rudyard Kipling.The book has so far run through 91 editions and impressions)
 South African Memories (published posthumously)

Notes

External links

 Jock of the Bushveld
 The Outspan
 Personalities of the Barberton gold run
 Sir <mask> FitzPatrick, KCMG

1862 births
1931 deaths
People from King William's Town
South African people of Irish descent
South African Roman Catholics
South African Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
People educated at Downside School
South African children's writers
South African businesspeople
20th-century South African writers

masks:
Sir James Percy FitzPatrick
Percy FitzPatrick
Percy FitzPatrick
James Coleman FitzPatrick
James Coleman FitzPatrick
James Percy
FitzPatrick
James Peter
FitzPatrick
Percy
FitzPatrick
FitzPatrick
FitzPatrick
Starr Jameson
Jameson
FitzPatrick
FitzPatrick
Percy FitzPatrick
FitzPatrick
Percy
Percy
Percy Nugent
James Percy
Percy FitzPatrick
Percy Fi
James Percy


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<mask> (née Kuijken; born 8 July 1986) is a Dutch middle- and long-distance runner. She was the 5000 metres bronze medalist at the 2014 European Athletics Championships and also won a 3000 metres bronze at the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup. Kuijken has twice represented the Netherlands at the World Championships in Athletics, with her best finish being eighth in the 5000 m in 2013. Across all age categories, she has competed seven times at the European Cross Country Championships. She competed for Florida State University and was the NCAA champion in the indoor 3000 m (2008) and the outdoor 1500 m (2009). She won European junior medals in 2005 in track and cross country and later took the under-23 title at the 2008 European Cross Country Championships. Among her personal bests are 4:05.38 minutes for the 1500 metres, 8:36.08 minutes for the 3000 m, and 15:00.69 minutes for the 5000 metres.Career

Early life and career
Born in Nijmegen, she made her international debut in cross country running, competing in the junior section of the 2002 European Cross Country Championships and finishing in 34th. She returned at the 2003 edition but managed only 69th on that attempt. Her first international medals came at the 2003 European Youth Olympic Festival, where she was the gold medallist over 3000 metres and bronze medallist at 1500 metres. Her first global events came the year after: she ranked 71st in the junior race at the 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, but did not finish in the 3000 m at the 2004 World Junior Championships in Athletics. She performed better at continental level, coming 39th at the 2004 European Cross Country Championships. Kuijken set a series of personal bests on the track in 2005: 2:06.25 minutes for the 800 metres, 4:19.72 minutes for the 1500 m (for seventh at the 2005 European Cup event), 9:28.45 minutes for the 3000 m (part of a silver medal win at the 2005 European Athletics Junior Championships) and 10:42.93 minutes for the 3000 metres steeplechase. On grass, she was a junior bronze medallist at the 2005 European Cross Country Championships and placed 58th at the junior race at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.Collegiate athletics
At the end of 2005 she started attending Florida State University, doing a major in psychology, and began competing with the Florida State Seminoles athletic team. She was the 3000 m runner-up at the Atlantic Coast Conference championship and placed 27th at the NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship. In her sole international outing that year, she came 16th in the under-23 race at the 2006 European Cross Country Championships. In 2007 a focus on the 1500 m distance brought results as she greatly improved her best to 4:11.34 minutes – a time which brought her second place at the NCAA Outdoor Championships. She ranked third at that year's NCAA Cross Country meet. In European competition she was fourth in the 1500 m at the 2007 European Athletics U23 Championships, but failed to finish in the age category race at the 2007 European Cross Country Championships. She reached to top of the American collegiate scene in the indoor 2008 season.After winning the mile run at the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) indoor meet, she claimed the 3000 m title at the NCAA Indoor Championships in a conference record time of 8:58.14 minutes. She failed to match this outdoors after suffering a mid-season injury, ending up eighth in the 1500 m at the NCAA Outdoors, but was in good form at the NCAA Cross Country Championships and was the runner-up. A gold medal came in the under-23 section at the 2008 European Cross Country Championships. Her most successful collegiate season was in 2009. She started with a win at the ACC indoor championships and a runner-up finish at the NCAA Indoor Championships, then a win over 5000 metres came at the ACC outdoor championships. She secured the collegiate title in the 1500 m at the 2009 NCAA Outdoor Championships and placed third at the NCAA Cross Country Championships. Her performances led to Florida State University winning the team titles in ACC competition indoors, outdoors and in cross country.Professional running
A personal best of 4:05.86 minutes for the 1500 m brought her selection for the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, although she did not make it out of the heats stage. Kuijken began competing professionally in 2010 and made her European senior debut at the 2010 European Athletics Championships (running in the heats only). She missed most of the 2011 season and on her return in 2012 her form was past her peak, with her season's best being 4:10.84 minutes. The 2013 season saw Kuijken hit new levels of performance. At the Golden Spike Ostrava she was the 1500 m runner-up in a best of 4:05.38 minutes. She set a Dutch record of 5:38.37 minutes for the 2000 metres distance. She won the 3000 m gold medal in the First League of the 2013 European Team Championships and ran a best of 8:39.65 minutes for the distance when placing fourth at the Rieti Meeting (which ranked her first among Europeans for the distance that year).A run of 15:04.36 minutes at the Bislett Games made her the top European that season and she went on to finish eighth in the final of that event at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics – Europe's best performer. At the start of 2014 she set an early world leading time of 4:07.21 minutes for the 1500 m while winning at the Perth Track Classic. She won her first national title later that year at that distance. She was selected to run the 5000 m at the 2014 European Athletics Championships and came third behind compatriot Sifan Hassan and Meraf Bahta (both African-born). Her first global medal came at the end of the track season at the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup, where she represented Europe and was 3000 m bronze medallist behind Genzebe Dibaba and Meraf. In 2015, Kuijken ran 31:54.32 to place 10th at 2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 10,000 metres and 15:08.00 to place 8th at 2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres. In 2016, Kuijken ran 31:32.43 to place 14th at Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 10,000 metres.Feb 11th 2017 - Schoorl 10k road 31:43 (1st)
Mar 27th- Venloop HM (debut) 70:51 (4th)
May 21- Vienna 5k road 15:40 (2nd)
Jun 2nd- Nijmegen 5k 15:21 (4th)
Jun 24th- Euro Cup 3k 9:03 (4th)
Jul 22nd- Heusden 5k 14:53 (1st)
Aug 8th- London WC Final 10k 31:20 (5th)
Aug 10th- London WC Heat 5k 14:57 (4th)
Aug 13th- London WC Final 5k 14:58 (8th)
Aug 20th- Birmingham DL 3k 8:34 (7th)
Aug 27th- Berlin CL 1500m 4:02 (3rd)
Sep 1st- Brussels 2017 Diamond League Final 5k 14:51 (9th)

In 2017, Krumins rac 31:20.24 to place 5th at 2017 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 10,000 metres and 14:58.33 to place 8th at 2017 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres. Personal bests

800 metres – 2:02.24 min (2009)
1000 metres – 2:38.01 min (2014)
1500 metres – 4:02.25 min (2017)
Mile run (indoor) – 4:34.11 min (2009)
Mile run (road) – 4:18 min (2013)
2000 metres – 5:38.37 min (2013)
3000 metres – 8:34.31 min (2017)
3000 metres indoor – 8:56.27 min (2009)
Two miles – 9:23.52 min (2014)
5000 metres – 14:51.25 min (2017)
10,000 metres – 31:05.40 min (2019)
3000 metres steeplechase – 10:42.93 min (2005)

National titles
Dutch Athletics Championships
1500 metres: 2014

International competitions

See also
List of European Athletics Championships medalists (women)
Netherlands at the European Athletics Championships

References

External links

 Official website
 Susan Krumins profile on Instagram
 Susan Krumins profile on Twitter

1986 births
Living people
Dutch female long-distance runners
Dutch female middle-distance runners
Dutch female steeplechase runners
Sportspeople from Nijmegen
World Athletics Championships athletes for the Netherlands
Florida State Seminoles women's track and field athletes
European Athletics Championships medalists
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of the Netherlands
Florida State Seminoles women's cross country runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics


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<mask> (, née <mask>, 17 March 1665 – 27 June 1729) was a French musician, harpsichordist and composer. Life and works
<mask> (née <mask>) was born on March 17, 1665, into a family of musicians and master instrument-makers in the parish of Saint-Louis-en-l'Île, Paris. She came from a rich family of masons, musicians, composers, and instrument makers. Her grandfather, Jehan <mask>, and her father, <mask>, were harpsichord makers. Rather than just teaching his sons, <mask> taught both his sons and daughters how to survive and thrive in the world. This upbringing, support from her father, and her family's rich history of musicianship was a major stepping stone for her musical career. She received her initial musical education from her father.At the age of five, Louis XIV took notice of her when she performed, evidently as a child prodigy, at his palace of Versailles. This eventually led to her becoming a musician in the court of Louis XIV, the Sun King. She wrote most of her works for her king, which was common. As a teenager she was accepted into the French court where her education was supervised by the king's mistress, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. She stayed with the royal court until it moved to Versailles. In 1684 she married the organist <mask> <mask>, son of the late organist at the Sainte-Chapelle, <mask> <mask>. After her marriage she taught, composed, and gave concerts at home and throughout Paris, to great acclaim.<mask> <mask> <mask> was one of the few well-known female composers of her time, and unlike many of her contemporaries, she composed in a wide variety of forms. Her talent and achievements were acknowledged by Titon du Tillet, who accorded her a place on his Mount Parnassus when she was only 26 years old, next to Lalande and Marais and directly below Lully. A quote from Titon du Tillet describes her
marvellous facility for playing preludes and fantasies off the cuff. Sometimes she improvises one or another for a whole half hour with tunes and harmonies of great variety and in quite the best possible taste, quite charming her listeners. (Le Parnasse françois, 1732)

Her first published work was her Premier livre de pièces de clavessin, printed in 1687, which includes unmeasured preludes. It was one of the few collections of harpsichord pieces printed in France in the 17th century, along with those of Chambonnières, Lebègue and d'Anglebert. During the 1690s she composed a ballet, Les Jeux à l'honneur de la victoire (c. 1691), which has subsequently been lost.On 15 March 1694, the production of her opera Céphale et Procris at the Académie Royale de Musique was the first of an opera written by a woman in France. The five-act tragédie lyrique was set to a libretto by Duché <mask>. Like her contemporaries, she also experimented with Italian genres: principally the sonata and the cantata. In 1695 she composed a set of trio sonatas which, with those of Marc-Antoine Charpentier, François Couperin, Jean-Féry Rebel and Sébastien <mask>, are among the earliest French examples of the sonata. Her only published opera only had 5 or 6 performances. An explanation of this failure was that the opera depended on the text rather than the music. Cephale et Procris would soon be known as tragedie en musique, a tragedy put into music, and French literary theatre recited musically.Her compositions were not received well by the French musical culture, which was cautious about contemporary opera. It might have been accepted more readily in Italy with all its musical innovations, but in France, tradition was considered necessary in its music. The reception of Cephale et Procris tells us more about the world of opera in France in the 1690s and French music rather than her ability as a composer. This put a stop to her career as an operatic composer. During the next few years many of her near relations died, including her only son who was ten years old, her mother, father, husband, and brother Nicolas. She continued to perform, however, and in 1707 her collection Pièces de Clavecin qui peuvent se jouer sur le Violon, a new set of harpsichord pieces, was published, followed by six Sonates pour le violon et pour le clavecin. These works are an early example of the new genre of accompanied harpsichord works, where the instrument is used in an obbligato role with the violin; Rameau's Pièces de clavecin en concerts are somewhat of the same type.The dedication of the 1707 work speaks of the continuing admiration and patronage of Louis XIV:
Such happiness for me, Sire, if my latest work may receive as glorious a reception from Your Majesty as I have enjoyed almost from the cradle, for, Sire, if I may remind you, you never spurned my youthful offerings. You took pleasure in seeing the birth of the talent that I have devoted to you; and you honoured me even then with your commendations, of the value of which I had no understanding at the time. My slender talents have since grown. I have striven even harder, Sire, to deserve your approbation, which has always meant everything to me ...

She returned to vocal composition with the publication of two books of Cantates françoises sur des sujets tirez de l'Ecriture in 1708 and 1711. Her last published work was a collection of secular Cantates françoises (c. 1715). In the inventory of her possessions after her death, there were three harpsichords: a small instrument with white and black keys, one with black keys, and a large double manual Flemish harpsichord. <mask> <mask> <mask> died in Paris in 1729, aged 64.Reception
Despite the poor reception of her opera, she continued to publish her work and take opportunities. Her sonatas, from later in her life, are considered triumphs of the genre. This is due to her development of the role for violin and the way she blended French traditions with Italian innovations. After her death, her genius in compositions, her creativity in vocal and instrumental music, and her variety of genres have been acknowledged. Her life and career success show that she was given a rare opportunity to succeed as a female composer, and show that she took full advantage of it. During the 1990s there was a renewed interest in her compositions and a number have been recorded. List of works
<mask> <mask> <mask>'s early trio sonatas and violin/viola da gamba sonatas survive only in manuscript sources in Paris.The rest of her output is thought to have been published in her lifetime, although Titon du Tillet mentioned a lost Te Deum setting in his tribute to <mask> <mask> <mask>. 1] in D minor: Grave / Presto / Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Presto / Aria / Presto
 Sonata [no. 2] in D major: Grave / Allegro / Aria (Affettusos) / Sarabande / Gavotte (Allegro) / Presto
 Sonata [no. 3] in F major: Grave / Presto-Adagio / Presto / Aria / Adagio
 Sonata [no. 4] in G major: [Grave]-Presto-Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Aria
 Sonata [no. 5] in A minor: Grave / Presto / Adagio-Courante-Reprise / Aria
 Sonata [no. 6] in A major: Allemande / Presto / Adagio / Aria / Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Aria

See also
List of French harpsichordists

References

Further reading
 Cessac, Catherine.<mask> <mask> <mask> <mask>: Une femme compositeur sous le règne de Louis XIV. Paris: Actes Sud, 1995. External links

Cantates francoises et Duet Comique
La musette, ou Les bergers de Suresne

1665 births
1729 deaths
17th-century women composers
18th-century classical composers
18th-century French composers
18th-century women composers
18th-century keyboardists
French Baroque composers
French women classical composers
French harpsichordists
Musicians from Paris
Child classical musicians

masks:
Élisabeth Claude Jacquet de La Guerre
Jacquet
Élisabeth Claude Jacquet de La Guerre
Jacquet
Jacquet
Claude Jacquet
Claude Jacquet
Marin de
La Guerre
Michel de
La Guerre
Jacquet
de La
Guerre
de Vancy
de Brossard
Jacquet
de La
Guerre
Jacquet
de La
Guerre
Jacquet
de La
Guerre
Élisabeth
Jacquet
de La
Guerre


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<mask> is a sociologist, activist, writer, documentary film maker, Professor and South Africa Research Chair in Sexualities, Genders and Queer Studies at the University of Fort Hare. She has held positions at the University of the Western Cape and has been senior researcher at the Institute for Humanities in Africa (HUMA) at UCT. She has been a visiting Professor Yale University and has received a number of research fellowships including those from African Humanities Program, Ford Foundation, the Fogarty International Centre and the National Research Foundation. Early life and education
<mask> was born on May 1, 1978 in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. She studied Sociology at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University) and completed her Master of Arts in Sociology at the University of Pretoria  and an interdisciplinary Phd completed at the Witwatersrand Institute for Social and Economic Research (WISER). Her published doctoral project is entitled Black Lesbian Sexualities and Identity in South Africa. Activist work
Zethu has been involved in LGBTQ activism since the early 1990s.Having been part of Uthingo Womyn's group (one of the few lesbian feminist collectives in South Africa) and later part of Free Gender, a black lesbian organisation in Khayelitsha Cape Town. Within the academic space she has been involved with the #RhodesMustFall movement at the University of Cape as well as one of the founding members of the Black Academic Caucus at the same institution. Her films and curated works including Jo'burg TRACKS: Sexuality in the City, and a book project Reclaiming Afrikan: queer perspectives on sexual and gender identities similarly engage with LGBT activism. Her first co-production Breaking Out of the Box: Stories of black lesbians (2011) has been shown both within South Africa and abroad. Her work with documentary films also includes writing the short film Rise. Academic work and publications
She has published on queer issues, sexuality, gender, race, HIV and AIDS, African film, cinema and photography. She is an active member of the Black Academic Caucus through which she published a few thought pieces, some of which are listed below.Books
 Co-edited   with Surya Monro and Vasu Reddy, Queer in Africa: LGBTQI Identities, Citizenship, and Activism (Routledge, 2018)
 Curated Reclaiming Afrikan: queer perspectives on sexual and gender identities. Cape Town: Modjaji books. (2014)
 Black lesbian sexualities and identity in South Africa: an ethnography of black lesbian urban life. Germany: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing () (2012)

Book chapters
 Zethu Matebeni. 2015. Sexual Minorities in South Africa. In: James D. Wright (editor-in chief), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Vol 21.Oxford: Elsevier, pp 744–749. <mask> <mask>. 2015. Well-Suited. In Raél Jero Salley (ed). PROMISE. Cape Town: ACTSA Publishing, 14-19.<mask> <mask>. 2014. My best participants' informed consent. In Deborah Posel and Fiona Ross (eds. ), Ethical quandaries in social research. Pretoria: HSRC Press, 111-124. <mask> <mask>.2014. Death and the modern black lesbian. In Devan Pillay, Gilbert M Khadiagala, Prishani Naidoo, Roger Southall (eds) New South African Review 4: A Fragile Democracy – Twenty Years On . Wits University Press .pp 183–193. <mask> Matebeni. 2014. How not to write about queer South Africa.In <mask> <mask> (curator), Reclaiming Afrikan: queer perspectives on sexual and gender identities. Cape Town: Modjaji books, 61-63. <mask> <mask>. 2013. Deconstructing violence towards black lesbians in South Africa. In Sokari Ekine and Hakima Abbas (eds), Queer African Reader. Fahamu Books, 343-354.<mask> <mask>. 2012. Feminizing Lesbians, Degendering Transgender Men: A Model for Building Lesbian Feminist Thinkers and Leaders in Africa? In Shaka McGlotten and Dana-Ain Davis (eds). Black Genders and Sexualities. Palgrave Macmillan, pp 187–193. <mask>, <mask>.2011. TRACKS: Researching Sexualities Walking AbOUT the city of Johannesburg. In Tamale, Sylvia (ed). African Sexuality Reader. Oxford: Fahamu Books, 50-56. <mask> Matebeni. 2009."Sexing women: young black lesbians' reflections on sex and responses to safe(r) sex. In Vasu Reddy, Theo Sandfort and Laetitia Rispel (eds). From Social Silence to Social Science: Same-sex sexuality, HIV&AIDS and gender in South Africa. Cape Town: HSRC Press, pp 100-116. <mask> Matebeni. 2008. "Blissful Complexities: black lesbians reflect on same-sex marriage and the Civil Union Act" In TO HAVE AND TO HOLD, the making of same-sex marriage in South Africa edited by Judge (M.), Manion (A.)& de Waal (S.) Fanele: Johannesburg, pp. 249–257. Journal articles
 Henriette Gunkel, <mask> <mask>, and Catherine Raissiguier (guest editors). 2015. In Movement: Women in Africa and the African Diaspora. JENdA: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 26: 1-18. <mask> <mask> and Thabo Msibi.2015. Vocabularies of the 'non-normative'. Introduction to "'''Non-normative sexual and gender diversities in Africa]". Agenda, 29(1): 3-9. Henriette Gunkel and <mask> <mask>. 2015. Resilience through new media: a conversation with Iranti-org's Executive Director, Jabu C. Pereira.JENdA: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 26: 128-134. Theo Sandfort, M Somien Frazer, <mask> <mask>, Vasu Reddy, Ian Southey-Swartz and the Southern African Lesbian and Bisexual Women Research Team. 2015. Histories of forced sex and health outcomes among Southern African lesbian and bisexual women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health, 15: 22
 Zethu Matebeni. 2013. Intimacy, queerness and race.Cultural Studies, 27:3: 404-417
 <mask> <mask>, Vasu Reddy, Theo Sandfort and Ian Southey-Swartz. 2013. "I thought we are safe": Southern African lesbian women's experiences of living with HIV Culture, Health & Sexuality Sandfort TGM, Baumann LRM, <mask> Z, Reddy V, Southey-Swartz I. 2013. Forced Sexual Experiences as Risk Factor for Self-Reported HIV Infection among Southern African Lesbian and Bisexual Women. PLoS ONE 8(1): e53552.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053552
 <mask> <mask>. 2012.Queer(ing) porn - A conversation, Agenda: Empowering women for gender equity, 26(3): 61-69
 Bagnol Brigitte, <mask> <mask>, Simon Anne, Blaser Thomas M., Manuel, Sandra, and Moutinho Laura. 2010. Transforming Youth Identities: Interactions Across "Races/Colors/Ethnicities," Gender, Class, and Sexualities in Johannesburg, South Africa. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 7(4): 283-297. Blaser Thomas M, Bagnol Brigitte, <mask> <mask>, Simon Anne, and Manuel, Sandra. 2010. "Race", Resentment and Racism: Transformation in South Africa.Cadernos Pagu [online], 35: 111-137. <mask> <mask>; Thais Medina Coeli Rochel de Camargo (tradução); Kenneth Rochel de Camargo Jr (revisão técnica); Laércio Fidelis Dias (revisão técnica). 2009. All Sexed Up: a resposta de mulheres lésbicas negras jovens ao sexo (mais) seguro em Johannesburg, África do Sul. PHYSIS: Revista de Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, 19(2):333-348
 <mask> Matebeni. 2009. Feminizing Lesbians, Degendering Transgender Men: A Model for Building Lesbian Feminist Thinkers and Leaders in Africa?SOULS: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society, 11(3): 347-354
 Zethu Matebeni. 2008. [http://agi.ac.za/sites/agi.ac.za/files/fa_11_8_standpoint_1.pdf Vela Bambhentsele: Intimacies and Complexities in Researching within Black Lesbian Groups in Johannesburg. Feminist Africa, 11:89-96
 Kari A Hartwig, Debbie Humphries, <mask> <mask>o, Kamila, <mask>, Zethu and Pietersen-Snyman, Marian.2004. 'Complexities and challenges: men's responses to HIV and AIDS In Winterveld, South Africa. Commonwealth youth and Development

Other writing
 <mask> Matebeni. 2016. "Why Fees Must Fall". Sparkling Women. January, Vol 28.<mask> <mask>. 2015. "The more things change, the more they stay the same. The curious case of black women and queer life at UCT". Thoughtleader. <mask> <mask>. 2013.Rape? Looks more like genocide. Mail&Guardian, 6 September. <mask> <mask>. 2012. Gone @ 20 – the lucky ones are not yet born, a review of Zanele Muholi's exhibition Mo(u)rning. Black looks, 28 September.<mask> <mask>. 2010. Dismantling gender boxes: Right to complex sexual identities. South African Labour Bulletin, 34(1): 33-34. <mask> <mask>. 2009. Review of "Black Bull, Ancestors and Me: my life as a lesbian sangoma" by Nkunzi Zandile Nkabinde. Mail&Guardian, 22 June.Bibliography
 JENdA: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 26: 1-18 and 26: 128-134. Agenda, 29(1): 3-9. BMC Women's Health, 15: 22
 Cultural Studies, 27:3: 404-417
 Culture, Health & Sexuality
 PLoS ONE 8(1): e53552.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053552
 Agenda: Empowering women for gender equity, 26(3): 61-69
 Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 7(4): 283-297. Cadernos Pagu [online], 35: 111-137.

masks:
Zethu Matebeni
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Matebeni
Zethu
Zethu
Zethu
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Zethu
Matebeniido
Matebeni
Zethu
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni
Zethu
Matebeni


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<mask> (born June 19, 1942) is an Italian-American stock investor, investment advisor, and financial analyst. He is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Gabelli Asset Management Company Investors (Gamco Investors), an investment firm headquartered in Rye, New York. Forbes Magazine listed him as #1477 on the list of Billionaires. On January 10, 2000, <mask> was inducted into the Barron's (newspaper) All Century Team, their list of the most influential mutual fund industry portfolio managers. Mr. <mask> was named an honorary member of Local 6 and the Hotel Trades Council in December 2019  and formally inducted into the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans on April 2–4, 2020, during the Association's 73rd Horatio Alger Award Induction Ceremonies in Washington, D.C. Early life and education
<mask>, the son of Italian immigrants, was born in The Bronx and went to Fordham Preparatory School, where he graduated in 1961. He has said he read market reports for fun when he was very young and that he bought his first stock when he was 13 years old.<mask> won a scholarship and graduated from Fordham University summa cum laude in 1965. He received his Master of Business Administration degree from Columbia Business School. At Columbia, he was taught by Roger Murray, noted value investing professor and co-author of the Fifth Edition of Security Analysis, The Graham & Dodd Value Investing Bible. <mask> and his firm later launched the Graham & Dodd, Murray, Greenwald Award for Distinguished Value Investors. This award is presented yearly at his Annual Client Symposium. Investment career

Loeb, Rhoades & Co.
After graduation, <mask> accepted a position at Loeb, Rhoades & Co. as a security analyst responsible for coverage of farm equipment, auto parts conglomerates and later media and broadcasting. Gabelli put into practice the theory of value investing he had learned at Columbia.He rated companies not by earnings but cash flow, analyzing a firm in great detail to calculate what he called private-market value: not the share price at which a stock was selling on an exchange, but the price per share someone would be willing to pay in order to buy the whole company. Gabelli & Co. In 1976, <mask> formed Gabelli & Co., an institutional brokerage house, with borrowed funds and money he had accumulated trading his own account. Soon after <mask> formed Gabelli Investors (later Gamco Investors) to manage money for clients. The Gabelli Mutual Funds
Gabelli's first investment vehicle for the general public, The Gabelli Asset Fund, launched in March 1986 as a no-load fund requiring a minimum of $25,000 to invest. Later, and today, this fund is available for a minimum investment of $1,000 and accepts IRA investments without a minimum. The Asset Fund was later followed on by The Gabelli Equity Trust, a closed-end fund, which, at the time, was the largest equity offering on the NYSE.By the end of 1988, <mask>'s firm had three mutual funds—two run by himself—with combined assets of $650 million. By 1998, Gabelli Asset Management Inc. was managing $16.3 billion. In February 1999, the company went public selling 6 million shares, or about twenty percent of the common stock at $17.50 per share. Fund Manager of the Year (1997)
In 1997, when ten Gabelli equity funds averaged a return of 31.7 percent, the best of any U.S. mutual fund group, Gabelli was honored by Morningstar, Inc. as the domestic equity fund manager of the year. Money Manager of the Year (2010)
The Institutional Investor selected <mask> as 2010 Money Manager of the Year for its second annual U.S. Investment Management Awards. The award selection was based on performance as well as a survey by U.S. institutions. Wealth & philanthropy
According to Forbes magazine, Gabelli's net worth was $1.4 billion as of April 2020.University of Nevada, Reno
In December 2013, the University of Nevada, Reno announced it had received a $1.5 million donation from the Gabelli Foundation to help pay for the construction of the E. L. Wiegand Fitness Center. <mask> is a member of the Wiegand Foundation's board of trustees. Columbia Graduate Business School
In July 2013, The Gabelli Foundation pledged $15 million. This gift is earmarked for the construction of Columbia Business School's new Manhattanville campus. The building is scheduled to open in 2018. Fordham University
Among those recognized at the 2010 Fordham University Founder's Award Dinner were <mask><mask>, CBA '65, and Regina M. Pitaro, FCRH '76, a Fordham trustee and managing director of Gamco Asset Management. In September 2010, Fordham formally announced <mask>'s $25 million gift, the largest ever in the university's history.The gift allowed Fordham, which renamed the undergraduate business college the Gabelli School of Business, to expand student scholarships and faculty chairs, and is crucial to the creation of the Center of Global Investment Analysis which brings together students, faculty and professionals in the financial community to enhance scholarship in the study and understanding of capital markets. In 2014, <mask> funded the University's ability to initiate the Gabelli Ph.D. Program which will establish a doctoral-level business program at Fordham's Gabelli School of Business. In December 2020, Fordham announced <mask>, through the Gabelli Foundation, had made the largest gift in the university's history, a $35 million gift to support the business school that bears his name. Boston College
In September 2010, Boston College announced <mask>'s $3 million gift that was used to endow a professorship in finance in the college's Carroll School of Management. An undergraduate dormitory is also named after <mask> because of a past donation to the school. Previously, <mask>, who serves on the college's board of trustees, gave $10 million to create the Gabelli Distinguished Presidential Scholars Fund which provides fifteen students with full tuition every year.In 2012, Alan Marcus, was named as the first recipient of the Endowed Professorship. 2014, Boston College's Presidential Scholars Program was renamed the Gabelli Presidential Scholars Program as a result of a major gift from the Gabelli Family Foundation. In December 2015, The Gabelli Foundation made a contribution to Boston College to further the Foundation's commitment to the Jesuit philosophy of enhancing the intellectual, spiritual and physical aspects of the whole person. Roger Williams University - <mask> J. <mask> School of Business
The Roger Williams University <mask> J. Gabelli School of Business was established in 1995, three years after the university conferred an honorary doctor of business degree on Gabelli. In subsequent years, <mask> has continued to support the school through additional financial pledges. University of Miami
In 2011, a gift from Gabelli enabled the School of Business Administration to establish a new endowed professorship. NYC Local 6 and the Hotel Trades Council
At the December 2019 meeting of the Local 6 Delegate Assembly, the union bestowed an honorary membership to <mask>, whose support for the Hotel Trades Council's scholarship fund has allowed for more awards and larger grants.Mr. <mask>'s father, <mask>, was a charter member of both Local 6 and the Hotel Trades Council. <mask> Donates Additional $100,000 for This Year's Scholarships! []

Legal Issues

Mancheski v. Gabelli Group Capital Partners - Investor Lawsuit
Frederick J. Mancheski, who was <mask>'s first investor in 1976, and David M. Perlmutter, a former attorney for Gabelli brought a lawsuit alleging that <mask> had prevented them from selling at fair market value their stake in his company. Settlement for $100M: In March 2006, a judge awarded partial summary judgment in favor of claims that he had unfairly prevented Mancheski from selling his shares. In the ensuing settlement, GGCP distributed assets on a pari passu basis including nearly two million shares of NYSE listed Gamco and approximately $20 million in cash. US Ex Rel. Taylor v. <mask> - Wireless Spectrum Auction Fraud
The US Government picked up a complaint filed by Rufus Taylor III that alleges that <mask> and 38 other entities or individuals that participated in a scheme to use "sham" small-business affiliates to fraudulently buy parts of the U.S. cell-phone spectrum.The alleged scheme operated over the course of eight Federal Communications Commission auctions from 1995 to 2000. In 2001, whistleblower Rufus Taylor III filed a civil lawsuit against several companies owned by Gabelli, alleging fraudulent practices in FCC auctions. The suit had alleged that the Gabelli-backed false "entrepreneurs" included an NBA player, a related party, a former partner of an accounting firm, an aerobics instructor, and even the caretaker of a vacation home in part owned by Gabelli. In those auctions, the government set aside cell phone licenses to be sold to small businesses. Taylor's lawsuit said that Gabelli used more than twelve "sham" startup companies to meet the requirements of a small business applicant in the auctions and acquire the licenses at a small business discount. The whistleblower was an attorney who once worked in the telecommunications business for LICT's competitor Adelphia which went bankrupt. On July 12, 2006, Gabelli and affiliates agreed to pay $130 million to settle the lawsuit.<mask>'s money management business, Gamco Investors, was not a party to the lawsuit. Personal life
<mask> lives with his second wife, Regina Pitaro. <mask> and his first wife, Elaine, the mother of his four children, divorced before 1996. References

External links
 GAMCO
Gabelli Funds Current Holdings

Further reading
Angenfelt, Magnus (2013). The World's 99 Greatest Investors: The Secret of Success. Sweden: Roos & Tegner. .

1942 births
Living people
American billionaires
American chief executives of financial services companies
American financial analysts
American hedge fund managers
American investors
American money managers
American stockbrokers
American stock traders
Businesspeople from New York City
CFA charterholders
Fordham Preparatory School alumni
Columbia Business School alumni
Gabelli School of Business alumni
Fordham University alumni
People from the Bronx
Stock and commodity market managers
Giving Pledgers
21st-century philanthropists

masks:
Mario Joseph Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Mario Gabelli
Gabelli
Mario J
. Gabelli
Gabelli
Mario Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Gabelli
Mario
Gabelli
Mario
Gabelli
Mario Gabelli
Gabelli
Joseph Gabelli
Mario Gabelli
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<mask> (1922- November 2014), code-named Agent ARES, was a CIA agent recruited by the CIA in South Vietnam in 1961 and was the first long term operative there. North Vietnam’s Public Security Bureau captured and manipulated Chuyen to turn double agent shortly after his deployment in the North. Chuyen was active from 1961-1970, his double agent activities led to many deaths of CIA and U.S. military personnel, whom he led into traps by requesting new supplies. He later received 12 medals including the Medal of Homeland Security in 1997 from the Ministry of Public Security for his accomplishments in the resistance war against American rescue. Early life
<mask>n was born in 1922 in North Vietnam during the French Colonial Era. Chuyen trained in radio broadcasting and participated in the August Revolution against France. He worked for the Quang Yen Security Bureau, however the French arrested Chuyen in October 1947.After being freed, Chuyen worked for the secretary of the council in Hong Gai Town. Chuyen returned home in May 1948 and was admitted to the party. Later in 1948, Chuyen took charge of three communes in the Yen Hung District. He specialized working in the emulation board in 1949. In 1950, Chuyen moved to the Quang Yen Provincial Party Committee. In 1953, the party committee sent him to the Party School to specialize in corruption. In 1957, Chuyen took a mistress and was outcast from the party.Chuyen left his designated agency in 1957 due to professional discontent. Chuyen then decided to specialize in folk singing; however, that all changed in 1959. Unrest in North Vietnam
On 25 June 1959, the People’s Court of Yen Hung called <mask> Chuyen to question him on anti-government activities. Chuyen fled South. First, he fled to Hanoi where he bought a ticket to Vinh. From Vinh, Chuyen followed Route 8 to the border of Laos where he stayed for nine months. In Laos, Savanakhet questioned Chuyen.In May 1960, Chuyen left Laos to the reception center in Saigon, South Vietnam. Chuyen hoped for the South to assign him work. The Department of Political Studies assigned him to talk in localities to present content about cooperatives in the North and the agricultural tax. A few months into his new job, a man by the name of Phan talked to Chuyen. Phan was an employee of the Political Bureau of the Presidential Office. In mid-September 1960, Phan took Chuyen to Majestic Hotel, where he met an American operative. The operative asked Chuyen what he thought of the South and ended the conversation.A week later, Phan and Chuyen met the American in a mansion where he asked Chuyen psychological questions. When the meeting finished the American wished Chuyen success and told him government officials will meet him. CIA recruitment
In 1961, needing potential agents, the CIA and ARVN recruited and trained <mask> Chuyen for a five-year infiltration plan in Northern Vietnam. Lieutenant Do Van Tien, code-named FRANCOIS, was responsible for the training and dispatching single spies to infiltrate North Vietnam. At first, Chuyen refused but Lieutenant Colonel Le Quang Tung monitored and enticed Chuyen for half a year. After six months of the CIA following him, Chuyen accepted. The CIA sent him to Nha Trang to do psychological tests where he received excellent grades.Then, Chuyen had to pass two more tests, one in Saigon and another in Nha Trang. Then, the CIA trained Chuyen in communication skills. <mask> Chuyen, code-named ARES, was to return to North Vietnam to spy on his homeland. April 1961, the CIA dispatched <mask> Chuyen to North Vietnam via boat 35 miles from Hanoi, near Quang Yen, on a beach near Ha Long Bay. According to a World Security report, villagers noticed the unfamiliar boat. Villagers reported seeing a stranger in the hilly woods of La Khe Hamlet who looked like Chuyen. Informants in the village reported Chuyen left the area to see his mother.Double agent
When <mask> Chuyen engaged in conversation with a local spy, he failed in his mission from the CIA. Chuyen told the spy he had come to conduct operations in the North. Days later, Northern security forces took Chuyen and his supplies, including his radio. In was then that the North’s "Public Security Bureau", a powerful intelligence agency modelled after Russia’s KGB, convinced him to turn double agent. <mask> Chuyen’s turn to a double agent caused the capture and death of many U.S. military and CIA controlled spies for a decade. Walter McIntosh, former chief of Vietnam operations in the CIA, stated he knew Chuyen was a double agent. McIntosh wrote a 12-page document providing evidence that Chuyen was in fact a double agent and that the North compromised his mission.However, Chuyen was under the control of MACV-SOG and they did not heed McIntosh’s warning. 12 men died while trying to resupply Chuyen. <mask> Chuyen’s handlers in Hanoi created over 300 fake intelligence reports for him to hand over to Saigon. These fake intelligence reports included misleading maps with coordinates to missile sites, trains, rail lines, bridges, factories, and other target areas of U.S. warplanes. Chuyen’s handler had fake reports transmitted by radio, to move suspicion away Chuyen. Chuyen often reported the North stealing his equipment which prompted MACV-SOG to send him more supplies resulting in the death of the resuppliers. <mask> Chuyen’s handler in Hanoi was Nguyen Tai who was a top spy in Saigon from 1966 to 1970.Tai hid his spies’ names and created cover stories for his operatives. End of career
In December 1969, the Ministry of Public Security sent its two BK63 agents, <mask> Chuyen and along with another spy, agent EAGLE, to the South. In 1970, Chuyen’s handlers in the North allowed him to live a normal life. Chuyen moved his wife and two children, a daughter and son, to his parents’ home in Yen Hung district. Chuyen spent the rest of his days as a farmer. In 2003, Chuyen wrote an autobiography, which he gave to his old friend from the North Major General Le Mai, that there are few things authors get about his story. “The things Tourison writes about me are often "a little bit of the pot", which is not, of course, not to be argued, not to blame (...).However, there are two things which Tourison said: I have many names. During resistance against the French, I was Nguyen Thiet. In peace, in the newspaper Vietnam Independence, I was <mask> Van. In Saigon, in 1959 I was named Nguyen Bao Thuy. In the anti-American war, in the spy mission, people gave me the alias Ha Long, code-named Ares, which the US Intelligence Agency also used. My "rice name" (given name) is <mask> Chuyen. Second, this is also the more important thing, Tourison did not dare assert who I worked for.For the Saigon intelligence agency or the Ministry of Public Security of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam?”. <mask> Chuyen died after months of an unknown illness at 93 in 2014. References

1922 births
2014 deaths

masks:
Pham Chuyen
Pham Chuye
Pham
Pham
Pham
Pham
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<mask> "Bum<mask> (March 26, 1870 – December 19, 1914) was an American college football player and coach who later served as the 22nd Treasurer of the United States. Early career
<mask> was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. His father was Frank H<mask>, a merchant, and he was related to Albert Sidney Johnston and John Marshall. <mask> graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy. Yale

He continued his education at Yale University, where he was a member of the Yale Bulldogs football team. <mask>, who was always known as <mask> from his college days onward, was perhaps the best-known football player in the country while playing for the Yale Bulldogs. He is thought to have designed the cutback play.In his athletic prime, he stood 5'10", weighed between 165 and 180 lbs., was on the varsity baseball team, and played in every football season from 1888 to 1891 on teams that compiled a 54–2 record and a 2,269–49 point total. <mask> by himself was credited with scoring 176 points in 1889 and 494 in his career. He was captain of the unscored-upon Yale football team of 1891 (13–0 record, 488–0 point record), graduating the following year with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He never left a game during injury, despite football being considerably rougher at the time. On November 21, 1891, his famous team of eleven defeated Harvard 10–0, avenging their hard-fought loss of the year before. He played his last college game against Princeton five days later, on Thanksgiving, with the very same eleven Yale players defeating the Tigers 19–0. He was also a class leader, received the largest number of votes as its most popular member in his senior year, and was a member of the Skull and Bones secret society.He was chairman of his class's Junior Promenade Committee. <mask> returned to New Haven in the fall for many years to assist in coaching. His reputation was long-lasting on the gridiron, and in 1941, even Time magazine was still referring to "a turtlenecked Yale man of the Bum <mask> era." He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1963. <mask> spent the year after graduation traveling in Europe and California, where he became the second coach at the University of California. He then entered the service of the St. Paul & Duluth Railroad Company at St. Paul, Minnesota. In 1899 he joined the Southern Railway Company and remained with it until 1901, when he became assistant to the second vice president of the company.<mask> became assistant freight traffic manager of the company in 1902, and retained this position until 1904, when he was appointed treasurer of Yale University, assuming that office on December 15, 1904. While in this position, he drew fire for writing satirically about the sale of the defunct Ingham University, having called it "a defunct college that we should be very pleased to sell on very low terms to any one making due application... If it may prove an incentive to the consummation of the deal I should be very much pleased to throw in a cemetery which is located on the grounds." He also modernized treasury and accounting methods at the university. Treasurer
On September 23, 1909, President William Howard Taft appointed <mask>, a Southern Republican, as Treasurer of the United States. He took office on November 1 of that year. He was paid $8,000 annually.On January 8, 1910, he handed his predecessor a check for $1,260,134,946.88 ⅔, an acknowledgment of the money and securities in the department as of the day <mask> took office; it took a little over two months to count all the assets, as is customary when a Treasurer departs. This was said to have been the largest financial transaction from man to man in world history at the time. During his time in office, he urged that worn, dirty banknotes be withdrawn at a higher rate in order to establish a sanitary currency. <mask> served until his resignation of November 14, 1912 became effective a week later. He resigned his post because of a dispute in the Treasury Department, a so-called "mutiny" led by A. Piatt Andrew, then Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, who had troubles with Secretary Franklin MacVeagh which involved <mask>. Andrew, who resigned on July 3 of that year, criticized MacVeagh's lax business methods and poor administrative skills, naming several Treasury officials as agreeing with him, including <mask>. MacVeagh asked <mask> to repudiate Andrew's statement concerning him, but he refused, and relations between them became strained.However, President Taft called a truce at the Treasury until after the election that year, with <mask> announcing his resignation nine days after Taft's decisive defeat. After <mask> left office, his successor, Carmi A. Thompson, gave him an even bigger check on December 4, 1912, amounting to $1,519,285,908.57 ⅔. The day before, he had made a speech in Pittsburgh claiming that "It is physically possible to steal $100,000,000 from the Treasury of the United States." <mask> was a director of the Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut, a director of the Marion Institute of Alabama, a national councilman of the Boy Scouts of America, and treasurer of the American Association for Highway Improvement. He was a member of the Metropolitan, Riding, and Chevy Chase Clubs of Washington, the University Club of New York City, and the Graduates and New Haven Lawn Clubs of New Haven. He was also elected president of the Yale Alumni Association of Washington on December 22, 1910. <mask> never married.He had two brothers who went to Yale. <mask> died in a private hospital in London after a three-months' illness of typhoid fever contracted at Frankfurt. His brother C. M. was with him when he died. His body was returned to the United States on board the steamer St. Paul, which left Liverpool on December 26, 1914. His funeral service took place at St. Thomas Episcopal Church, New York on January 4, 1915; he was buried in Knoxville's Old Gray Cemetery two days later following additional services at his sister's home. One of his obituaries reminisced: "Ah! A remarkable athlete, a wonderful football player, a lovable classmate, a diligent student, a manly man–a type Yale men idealize for emulation.Such was <mask>." Head coaching record

Notes

References

External links

1870 births
1914 deaths
19th-century American politicians
19th-century players of American football
American football drop kickers
American football halfbacks
Treasurers of the United States
Yale Bulldogs football players
All-American college football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Sportspeople from Knoxville, Tennessee
Players of American football from Knoxville, Tennessee
Deaths from typhoid fever

masks:
Thomas Lee
" McClung
McClung
. McClung
McClung
McClung
Lee
McClung
McClung
McClung
Railroad McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
McClung
Death McClung
Lee McClung


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<mask> (born Norma Rathner, July 31, 1916 – February 22, 2006) was an American fine arts jeweler and art collector noted for her contributions to Surrealist practices and activities. From 1953 through 1968, she was married to <mask> and, with him, helped to acquire one of the largest collections of Surrealist paintings and sculpture in America. In 1954, they established the William and Noma Copley Foundation (subsequently renamed the Cassandra Foundation), a non-profit organization dedicated to fostering the creative arts. According to a 1975 article in New York Magazine, she "emerged from the Paris world of surrealist painters five years ago to become one of New York's most original jewelry designers." Biography
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on July 31, 1916, Norma Rathner was the only child of Russian immigrants Bess (nee Waxman) and Harry Rathner. On June 5, 1936, she married Abraham Elkon, a Belgian diamond merchant she met in New York City. The couple relocated to his native Belgium, returning to the U.S. in 1939, as Europe was on the verge of war.Following their divorce in 1941, she joined the U.S. Office of War Information (OWI), taking advantage of her fluency in both Flemish and French to work as a translator during the War. At its conclusion, she was commissioned to produce a film directed by Henri Cartier-Bresson called Le Retour, a documentary about the repatriation of French prisoners of war and deportees from Germany after the war. Rathner (now going by the first name <mask>) moved to Los Angeles after the war. There she met and became involved with the American avant-garde composer, George Antheil, who dedicated his Symphony No. 5 'Joyous' (1947–48) to her. Through her relationship with Antheil, she met the American artist Man Ray, who photographed her several times, the first being in 1949. While in Hollywood she worked for the producer Albert Lewin, and subsequently for Walt Disney.On March 23, 1951, she moved from Los Angeles to Paris. Man Ray, who had recently relocated from Hollywood to Paris, introduced her to the artist and art patron <mask> whom she married on December 31, 1953. Man Ray served as best man at their wedding. The Copleys acquired an estate in Longpont-sur-Orge, outside of Paris, which became a magnet for members of the Parisian interwar avant-garde who had dispersed during the war. Here they hosted many Surrealist artists and writers. Among the visitors who frequented gatherings at the villa were Man Ray and his wife Juliet, Marcel Duchamp, the American photographer Lee Miller and her husband, the British Surrealist Roland Penrose, and notable collectors of Surrealist art Melvin and Rosalind Gersten Jacobs. During this period, the couple expanded their collection, building upon works Bill had acquired in the course of running the Copley Galleries in Hollywood in 1947–48.The collection included iconic works by such 20th-century masters as Man Ray, Duchamp, Giorgio de Chirico, Hans Arp, René Magritte, Max Ernst, and Yves Tanguy. Copley died on February 22, 2006 in New York City. William and Noma Copley Foundation
In 1954, the couple launched the William and Noma Copley Foundation, dedicated to helping emerging artists and composers through grants. His focus was on artists, hers on composers. Leading members of the international avant-garde and art world were among the board members and advisors. The foundation gave grants to such emerging composers as John Cage and Benjamin Lees, and artists Joseph Cornell, Vija Celmins, Joseph Kosuth, Dieter Roth, Carolee Schneeman, Bruce Naumann, Christo, and Pop art pioneers Eduardo Paolozzi and Richard Hamilton. It also published a series of monographs and artists' books.Art collection
The couple sold their Longpont home in 1962 and moved to Manhattan. Under <mask> <mask>'s tutelage, Marcia Tucker became the curator and manager of the couple’s collection from 1964 to 1966, which proved to be a springboard for Tucker's curatorial career. In 1966, the Copleys renamed their foundation the Cassandra Foundation. When the couple divorced in 1968, they decided to keep the collection intact under <mask>'s stewardship. The Sotheby Parke Bernet auction of the Copley collection in New York on November 5–6, 1979 set records for many of the artists in the sale. Jewelry designing career
After her divorce, Copley studied goldsmithing, and began a 25-year career as a fine arts jeweler. Characterized as “a surrealist for whom the displacement of the object is most important,” she was best known for works that represented ordinary objects such as zippers, buttons and pins and pencils that she cast in gold, as well incorporating the ancient art of granulation into contemporary works.A review of her work in the Los Angeles Times described her “Pop-surreal” jewelry as consisting of “beautifully wrought objects that reflect not only wit and sophistication but a highly individualistic spirit." Copley’s frequent collaborators were Jean Stark and painter/goldsmith/framemaker Robert Kulicke. David Mamet, Nancy and Carroll O'Connor, and members of the Rothschild family were among those who commissioned singular pieces from her. Later years
In 1986, Copley met Flory Barnett, founder and ex-director of Lower Manhattan Cultural Council. They became partners, sharing an apartment together on Central Park West in Manhattan until Copley’s death in 2006. She died on February 23, 2006 at the age of 89. Legacy
Copley's iconic pencil bracelet is in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Yale University Art Gallery, and reproduced in the book Jewelry by Artists: In the Studio, 1940–2000.Her ivory soap ring is in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and several of her pieces were on display in the 2011 exhibition "Picasso to Koons: Artist as Jeweler" at the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City. An 18K gold chain she designed that was collected by the Boston-based gallery owner Joan Sonnabend sold at auction in 2012 for $41,475. Papers and correspondence related to her activities with the William and Noma Copley Foundation and with Marcia Tucker are located in the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles. Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster  Some Living American Women Artists by Mary Beth Edelson. References

External links

 William and Noma Copley foundation and collection records, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, Accession No. 880403. The records document the William and Noma Copley Foundation's grant program for composers and artists, 1954-1966.Marcia Tucker papers, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, Accession No. 2004.M.13. The archive contains museum files, correspondence, writings and other materials pertinent to Marcia Tucker's career as curator at the Whitney Museum of American Art and founding director of the New Museum (New York, N.Y.). 1916 births
2006 deaths
American jewelry designers
American art collectors
American people of Russian descent
Artists from Minneapolis
20th-century American women artists
American expatriates in Belgium
Women art collectors
People of the United States Office of War Information
American women civilians in World War II
20th-century American translators
21st-century American women

masks:
Noma Copley
William Copley
Noma
William Copley
Noma
Copley
William Copley


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<mask> (, born August 18, 1980) is a Lebanese singer, composer, actor, and philanthropist. Commonly referred to as the "Pop Star" in the Arab world for his impact and contribution to the contemporary Arab music scene and Pop Culture, <mask> is a winner of the most prestigious Pan-Arab awards, and is behind some of the most recognizable Arab hits of the modern era such as "Mabrouk", "Albi Mal", "Khalini Ma3ak", "El Nas El Ray2a", and "Majnoun". Also an actor, his most recent role was in the hit drama series "Amir El Leil". In addition to being an accomplished artist, <mask> is also the founder of the biggest NGO led by an artist: the "Ayach Al Tofoula Foundation", which is solely dedicated to the education and empowerment of children. Career

Music

<mask> rose to fame in 1997, when he won the 1st prize of the celebrated Pan-Arab talent show competition "Studio Al Fan". Shortly afterwards, <mask> released his first Studio Album in 1998 titled "Ra2e3", for which he gained critical and commercial success with pop culture hit singles such as "Bghanila w bde2ela" and "la3younak bade ghane". After the release of his debut album, <mask> quickly went on to become an icon in the Arab pop music, and a much-respected artist despite his young age.In addition to being a singer, <mask> <mask> is widely reputed for writing lyrics and composing his own songs. He plays several instruments, among which the piano, the oud, and the base. Following the great success and impact of his music throughout the Arab region and the Arab diaspora worldwide, <mask> <mask> went on to gain the title of "Pop Star", given to him by his large fan-base. <mask> <mask> has been recognized and awarded prizes multiple times throughout his career, for both his work in music and as a devoted philanthropist. Debut: 1997–2001
In 1998, <mask> <mask> released his debut album titled "Ra2e3", named after the hit single of the same name, which was first released in 1997. In 1999, <mask> released his second album titled "Mo3jiza", followed by a third album the following year titled "Diwan Al Hob", and a 4th album titled "W al2ah" in 2001. Pop star status and international success: 2002–present

In 2002, <mask> <mask> released his 5th album titled "Albi Mal", taken from the album lead single of the same name.The album won <mask> the Arab pop stardom status with the now epic hit "Albi Mal". In 2004, <mask> released his 6th album "Ya Msahar 3eni", considered to be one of the artist's biggest successes with pop hits such as "Ya Msahar 3eni" and the epic hit "Mabrouk", which is to date played in almost every celebration in the Arab world. In 2007, another smash-hit album was released by the artist, titled "Habaytak Ana", which helped reveal <mask>'s vocal capabilities and establish him as a respected artist. The album included numerous hits, and led him to perform at the prestigious Opera Houses of Cairo and Alexandria in Egypt. <mask> was the first Arab artist to perform at both Opera Houses, selling out both venues and gathering three generations in one place. His successful performances at the Egyptian Opera Houses won him the title of "Amir Al Tarab" (the prince of Tarab) by the Egyptian media. 2009 was another turning point for <mask> <mask>, which saw his first duet experience with Egyptian pop star, Ahmad Adawiya.The pair released the smash-hit single "El Nas el Ray2a", which topped the Arabic charts for a whole year, leaving a lasting mark on the Arab music pop-scene to date. In 2010, <mask> released his 8th album titled "Gharami", a much-anticipated album which was a shift in the artist's musical genre. The album comprised the hit singles "Effrah Fiki" and "Majnoun/Tal El Sahar", highlighting <mask>'s avant-garde persona. Furthermore, the music videos from said albums set a new level on the music filmography scene, and won the artist best music videos at the Murex d'or Awards. The Album as a whole won the artist "Best Art Work" at the 2012 Murex d'Or awards. In 2012, <mask> <mask> released another smash-hit single titled "Jebran" which gained wide critical and commercial success. "Jebran" raised another bar in the Arab music scene, bringing yet another genre in musical composition and arrangement."Jebran" was composed by the <mask> <mask> himself. In 2015, <mask> released the hit-single "Yala Nor2os", a festive song imprinted by fast beats, a style now known to the artist. In 2016, <mask> released "7keye Jeye" as the official soundtrack of the hit drama series "Amir El Leil", in which he starred as the leading role. "7keye Jeye" topped the Arabic charts for several months, setting another unprecedented success for a series' soundtrack. <mask> <mask>'s much-awaited new album is due to be released in 2017. The first single from this album, titled "Ya 7abib Al 9alb", was released in April 2017 and was trending on Twitter within 1 hour of its release. Actor
In 2015, <mask> <mask>'s first experience as an actor in a leading role, was in the pan-Arab thriller movie "Paparazzi".In 2016, <mask> took on another acting role in the hit Pan-Arab drama series "Amir El Leil", a historic series based on the life-story of Lebanese Prince Omar Chehab, which takes place during the French protectorate era in Lebanon. <mask>'s leading role, as Prince Omar Chehab, won him critical praise, as well as "Best Male Actor & Singer" award at the Murex d'Or 2017 awards, in addition to the Murex d'Or for Best Song of the Year. The series Pilot aired on the Lebanese-based pan-Arab network LBC in September 2016, followed by 76 episodes, with the finale airing in February 2017. The "Amir El Leil" series was a commercial, popular, and critical success, and ranked at the top of drama series in terms of viewers. The series also helped establish <mask> as a respected actor and an accomplished artist. Philanthropist
In 2010, <mask> founded the "Ayach Al Tofoula Foundation" which is the biggest NGO led by an artist, and entirely dedicated to children education and empowerment. The Foundation runs by the slogan "Let Education Be Their Greatest Weapon".The "Ayach Al Tofoula Foundation" has been providing free education and scholarships to hundreds of students in Lebanon and in Morocco. The foundation has also provided financial aids, book supplies and activities for thousands of children in need in Lebanon and Morocco, with the aim to expand its operations throughout the MENA region. Personal life
In August 2014, <mask> <mask> wed Lebanese fashion designer Dalida Said (now known as Dalida <mask>), in a lavish ceremony that took place at the BIEL venue in Beirut, Lebanon. The ceremony was attended by a great number fellow artists as well as notable personalities from the fashion and media scene. <mask> and Dalida <mask> are among the top high-profile couples in the Arab world, known for their great sense of style and affection for one another. Together, they welcomed their first child, a son named "Aram" in March 2016.

masks:
Ramy Abu Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ramy Ayach
Ramy Ayach
Ramy Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach
Ayach
Ramy
Ayach


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<mask> (c. 1460 – 13 August 1523) was an Early Netherlandish painter and manuscript illuminator known for his brilliant use of color. Only a bare outline of his life survives, although some facts are known. He may have been the Meester gheraet van brugghe who became a master of the Antwerp guild in 1515. He was very successful in his lifetime and probably ran two workshops, in Antwerp and Bruges. Like many painters of his period, his reputation diminished in the 17th century until he was rediscovered in the 19th century. Life

He was born in Oudewater, now located in the province of Utrecht. His year of birth is approximated as c. 1450–1460 on the basis that he looks to be around 50 years in the 1509 self-portrait found in his Virgin among the Virgins.He is believed to have spent time in Italy from 1470 to 1480, where he was influenced by the Italian Renaissance. He formed his early style under Albert van Oudewater in Haarlem, and moved to Bruges in 1483, where he joined the Guild of Saint Luke in 1484. Upon the death of Hans Memling in 1494, <mask> became Bruges' leading painter. He became dean of the guild in 1501, and in 1496 married Cornelia Cnoop, daughter of the dean of the goldsmiths' guild. <mask> was one of the town's leading citizens. Ambrosius Benson served his apprenticeship with <mask>, but they came into dispute around 1519 over a number of paintings and drawings Benson had collected from other artists. Because of a large debt owed to him by Benson, <mask> had refused to return the material.Benson pursued the matter legally and won, leading to <mask> serving time in prison. He died on 13 August 1523 and was buried in the Church of Our Lady at Bruges. Style

<mask>'s surviving work mainly consists of religious scenes. They are characterised by an atmospheric, timeless, and almost dream like serenity, achieved through soft, warm and subtle colourisation, and masterful handling of light and shadow. He is innovative in his recasting of traditional themes and in his approach to landscape, which was then only an emerging genre in northern European painting. His ability with landscape can be seen in the detailed foliage of his Triptych of the Baptism and the forest scene in the New York Nativity. Although many of the art historians of the early 20th century, including Erwin Panofsky and Max Jakob Friedländer saw him as a painter who did little but distill the style of others and painted in an archaic and unimaginative style.However today most view him as a master colourist, and a painter who according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, worked in a "progressive, even enterprising, mode, casting off his late medieval heritage and proceeding with a certain purity of vision in an age of transition." In his early work <mask> followed Haarlem artists such as Dirk Bouts, Albert van Oudewater, and Geertgen tot Sint Jans, though he had already given evidence of superior power as a colourist. To this early period belong the St John of the Richard von Kaufmann collection in Berlin and the Salting's St Jerome. In Bruges came directly under the influence of Memling, the master whom he followed most closely. It was from him that <mask> acquired a solemnity of treatment, greater realism in the rendering of human form, and an orderly arrangement of figures. He visited Antwerp in 1515 and was impressed with the work of Quentin Matsys, who had introduced a greater vitality and intimacy in the conception of sacred themes. Together they worked to preserve the traditions of the Bruges school against influences of the Italian Renaissance.Works

The works for which <mask> is best known are the altarpieces painted before his visit to Antwerp: the Marriage of St Catherine at the National Gallery, London; the triptych of the Madonna Enthroned and Saints of the Brignole-Sale collection in Genoa; the Annunciation of the Sigmaringen collection; and above all, the Madonna with Angels and Saints (usually titled The Virgin among the Virgins), which he donated to the Carmelite Nuns of Sion at Bruges, and which is now in the Rouen museum. Only a few of his works have remained in Bruges: The Judgment of Cambyses, The Flaying of Sisamnes and the Baptism of Christ in the Groeningemuseum, and the Transfiguration in the Church of Our Lady. The rest were scattered around the world, and to this may be due the oblivion into which his very name had fallen; this, and the fact that, some believed that for all the beauty and the soulfulness of his work, he had nothing innovative to add to the history of art. Even in his best work he had only given newer variations of the art of his predecessors and contemporaries. His rank among the masters was renewed, however, when a number of his paintings were assembled at the seminal 1902 Gruuthusemuseum, Bruges exhibition of early Flemish painters. He also worked closely with the leading manuscript illuminators of the day, and seems to have been brought in to paint specific important miniatures himself, among them a Virgin among the Virgins in the Morgan Library, a Virgin and Child on a Crescent Moon in the Rothschild Prayerbook, and a portrait of the Emperor Maximilian in Vienna. Several of his drawings also survive, and elements from these appear in the works of other painters and illuminators for several decades after his death.Less known but also of high quality are the works of <mask> found in Spanish public collections. The Prado Museum in Madrid owns a table "Rest on the flight into Egypt" resembling the one in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp. The Prado also holds another two Works by the painter, one of them only attributed. Another one of the Spanish capital's Museums, The Thyssen-Bornemisza holds a "Crucifixión" from 1475. Legacy
At the time of <mask>'s death, the glory of Bruges and its painters was on the wane: Antwerp had become the leader in art as well as in political and commercial importance. Of <mask>'s pupils in Bruges, only Adriaen Isenbrandt, Albert Cornelis, and Ambrosius Benson achieved importance. Among other Flemish painters, Joachim Patinir and Jan Mabuse were to some degree influenced by him.<mask>'s name had been completely forgotten when in 1866 William Henry James Weale discovered documents about him in the archives of Bruges; these brought to light the main facts of the painter's life and led to the reconstruction of <mask>'s artistic personality, beginning with the recognition of <mask>'s only documented work, the Virgin Among Virgins at Rouen. Gallery

References

Notes

Sources

 Ainsworth, Maryan Wynn. <mask>: Purity of Vision in an Age of Transition. NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998. Ainsworth, Maryan Wynn; Christiansen, Keith. From Van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009.Campbell, Lorne. The Fifteenth-Century Netherlandish Paintings. London: National Gallery, 1998. Harbison, Craig. "The Art of the Northern Renaissance". London: Laurence King Publishing, 1995. Nash, Susie.Northern Renaissance art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Ridderbos, Bernhard; Van Buren, Anne; Van Veen, Henk. Early Netherlandish Paintings: Rediscovery, Reception and Research. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2005. External links

<mask> | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
<mask> at Artcyclopedia
Fifteenth- to eighteenth-century European paintings: France, Central Europe, the Netherlands, Spain, and Great Britain, a collection catalog fully available online as a PDF, which contains material on <mask> (cat. no.20-22)
<mask> : purity of vision in an age of transition, a collection catalog fully available online as a PDF
Gerard David Foundation (Dutch)

1460s births
1523 deaths
Dutch Renaissance painters
Early Netherlandish painters
16th-century Flemish painters
Manuscript illuminators
Painters from Bruges
People from Oudewater

masks:
Gerard David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
Gerard David
Gerard David
Gerard David
Gerard David
Gerard David


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<mask> (9 July 1881 – 6 March 1966) was a Dutch-born American conductor, pianist, composer, and actor. Biography
<mask> was born and raised in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands. He was the son of the <mask> of Zutphen, a violinist, pianist and conductor, and of Hester Westerhoven of Amsterdam, a singer who performed under the name Francisca Stoetz. A child prodigy, he was a concert pianist by the age of six. He studied at the conservatories of Amsterdam and Brussels. As a young man he was an accompanist for singers and with the Nederlandsche Opera, of which he conducted for the first time in 1899. He became the artistic director briefly in 1903, the same year he married the soprano Rosina van Ophemert, who took the stage name Rosina van Dyke/van Dyck (Rosina van Dijk was the maiden name of her grandmother).For a short time he was accompanist to Mathilde Marchesi in Paris. He travelled to the United States in 1906 to accompany Yvette Guilbert on a national tour. He stayed and eventually became an American citizen in 1925. Rosina sang at the Metropolitan Opera, but the couple had an acrimonious divorce in 1916. He was a conductor and pianist for the Metropolitan Opera between 1908 and 1922, and 1935-1936, coach of the opera department at the Curtis Institute from 1925 to 1930, and music director of the Chicago Civic Opera and the Ravinia Park Opera for seven years. Hageman also taught vocal and piano at the Chicago Musical College in the 1920s, where one of his notable piano students was Ray Turner, who went on to play with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra, worked as the staff pianist at Paramount Studios for over 20 years, and was a popular recording and concert artist. Hageman was a guest director of orchestras like the Chicago, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles symphony orchestras.He conducted the Philadelphia Orchestra summer concerts for four years, and from 1938-1943 he conducted at the Hollywood Bowl summer concerts. He is known to the film community for his work as an actor and film score composer, most notably for his work on several John Ford films in the late 1930s and after the war in the late 1940s. He shared an Academy Award for his score to Ford's 1939 western Stagecoach. He played minor roles in eleven movies, for example as opera conductor Carlo Santi in The Great Caruso. He became a member of ASCAP in 1950. Hageman also composed more serious vocal music. His 1931 opera Caponsacchi, first performed in Freiburg with the title Tragödie in Arezzo in 1932, was staged at the Metropolitan Opera in 1937 with Mario Chamlee in the title role.His "concert drama" The Crucible was performed in Los Angeles in 1943. While his large musical compositions are rarely heard today, a few of his art songs are well-known and highly regarded, especially "Do Not Go, My Love", a setting of a Rabindranath Tagore poem. He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity. He died, aged 84, in Beverly Hills. Larger musical works and chamber music

Stage:
Caponsacchi (Op. 3, R. Browning), 1931
I Hear America Call (ballad, R.V. Grossman), Bar, SATB, orch, 1942
The Crucible (oratorio, B.C.Kennedy), 1943
Orchestra:
Overture 'In a Nutshell'; Suite, str
Chamber:
October Musings, violin and piano, G. Schirmer, 1937
Recit and Romance, vc, pf, 1961

Published songs
Do Not Go, My Love (Rabindranath Tagore), Winthrop Rogers/G. Schirmer, 1917
May Night (Tagore), 1917
The Cunning Little Thing (Unknown Author), Winthrop Rogers, 1917
At the Well (Tagore), Winthrop Rogers/G. Schirmer, 1919
Happiness (Jean Ingelow), Winthrop Rogers/G. Robert B. Falk), Galaxy, 1945
Contrasts (Elizabeth Jane Coatsworth), Galaxy, 1946
The Fiddler of Dooney (William Butler Yeats), G. Schirmer, 1946
A Lady comes to an Inn (Elizabeth Jane Coatsworth), Galaxy, 1947
The Fox and the Raven (Guy Wetmore Carryl), Galaxy, 1948
The Summons (Tagore), Galaxy, 1949
Is it you? (Robert Nathan), Galaxy, 1951
Trade Winds (John Masefield), Galaxy, 1952
Scherzetto (Alfred Kreymborg), Galaxy, 1952
All Paths Lead to you (Blanche Shoemaker Wagstaff), Galaxy, 1953
Let me Grow Lovely (Karle Wilson Baker), Carl Fischer, 1953
Sleep Sweet (Ellen Huntington Gates), Galaxy, 1953
Walk slowly (Adelaide Love), Carl Fischer, 1953
I see His Blood upon the Rose (Joseph M. Plunkett), Galaxy, 1954
Velvet Shoes (Elinor Wylie), Galaxy, 1954
How to go and Forget (Edwin Markham), G. Schirmer, 1956
Praise (Seumas O'Sullivan), G. Schirmer, 1956
Under the Willows: Shoshone love song (Mary Hunter Austin), G. Schirmer, 1957
When the Wind is Low (Cale Young Rice), Galaxy, 1957
Die Stadt/The Town (Theodor Storm, tr. Robert Nathan), G. Schirmer, 1958
Betterliebe/Beggar's Love (Theodor Storm, tr. Robert Nathan), G. Schirmer, 1958
Am Himmelstor/At Heaven's Door (Conrad F. Meyer, tr.Robert Nathan), G. Schirmer, 1958
Nocturne (Jean Moréas, tr. Robert Nathan), G. Schirmer, 1960
So love returns, (Robert Nathan), Ricordi, 1960

Film scores
<mask> is credited for the scores of about 20 films, and his compositions have been used in many additional films. Seven of the scores were for films directed by John Ford; Kathryn Marie Kalinak has written that Ford "got great work out of the people he worked with, and often those he was hardest on produced the best work of their careers. One of those was <mask>, the Philadelphia Orchestra notwithstanding." Stagecoach (1939)
The Howards of Virginia (1940)
The Long Voyage Home (1940)
The Frozen Ghost (1945)
The Fugitive (1947)
Fort Apache (1948)
3 Godfathers (1948)
She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949)
Wagon Master (1950). Adventure in Vienna (1952)

Footnotes

References

External links

Richard Hageman Society

1881 births
1966 deaths
20th-century American composers
20th-century classical composers
20th-century American conductors (music)
American classical pianists
Male classical pianists
American film score composers
American male classical composers
American male conductors (music)
ASCAP composers and authors
Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners
Conservatorium van Amsterdam alumni
Dutch classical pianists
Dutch conductors (music)
Dutch emigrants to the United States
Dutch film score composers
Dutch male classical composers
Dutch classical composers
People from Leeuwarden
Royal Conservatory of Brussels alumni
20th-century classical pianists
American male film score composers
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American pianists

masks:
Richard Hageman
Hageman
Maurits Hageman
Hageman
Richard Hageman