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{{Infobox peer
|name          = <mask> of Lag
|image         = File:Old Dunscore Kirk and graveyard - Cruel Lag memorial.JPG|
|image_size    = 200px
|caption       = Cruel Lag's memorial at the Old Kirk of Dunscore burial ground, erected in 1897 by his descendant Sir Alexander Grierson. |birth_date    = 1655
|birth_place   = Barquhar, Lochrutton parish, Kirkcudbrightshire
|death_date    =
|death_place   = Dumfries
|resting_place = Dunscore Old Kirk
|nationality   = Scottish
|other_names   = Cruel Lag, Auld Lag
|occupation    = Justice of the Peace, Member of Parliament
|title         = 1st Baronet, of Lag and Rockhall
|alma_mater    =
|party         =
|religion      = Episcopalian
|spouse        = Lady Henrietta Douglas
|children      = Sir William Grierson, 2nd Baronet, 8 others
|parents       = William Grierson, Margaret Douglas
}}

Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet, of Lag (1655/56 – 31 December 1733) was a Scottish baronet. He is best remembered as a notorious persecutor of the Covenanters, particularly among the people of Galloway, and is still referred to as Cruel Lag. The character of Sir <mask> of Wandering Willie's tale in Sir Walter Scott's Redgauntlet is based on Grierson. Life

<mask> was born at the farm of Barquhar, the son of the 1st Tutor of Lag, William Grierson (c. 1626-after 6 December 1665), the Laird of Barquhar, Kirkcudbright, Scotland, and his wife, Margaret Douglas (b. c. 1633), the daughter of Sir James Douglas, of Mouswald, Dumfriesshire. Contrary to the tree produced by Gracie, the Griersons proclaimed descent from Malcolm MacGregor of Glenorchy, has been shown to be pure myth with no evidence to support it and with the advent of dna to have been genetically impossible. The Lag Charters show that Gilbert Grierson had been granted the lands of Lag in Dumfriesshire in 1408 by Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney.In 1666, <mask> succeeded his cousin as Laird of Lag and he was for some years Steward of Kirkcudbright. In 1676 he married Henrietta Douglas, the daughter of James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Queensberry; the couple had five children: William, James, John, Gilbert, and Henrietta. Grierson sat as a Member of Parliament for Dumfriesshire between 1678 and 1686. Between the 1660s and 1680s the Stuart king Charles II acted to suppress dissent among the militant Presbyterians of Galloway, who refused to conform to the king's authority and in several cases broke out into armed rebellion. The local heritors were charged with enforcing this policy, and Lag, a Stuart loyalist and Episcopalian, proved a particularly energetic supporter. In 1678 he made his own tenants sign a bond in which they agreed not to attend illegal conventicles or to commune with "vagrant preachers". He subsequently assisted John Graham of Claverhouse in policing the south-west of the country.As a commissioner for Galloway he was given control of one of the military courts set up to try rebellious Covenanters, and in this capacity was responsible for several executions of those refusing to take the oaths of loyalty to the monarch; he also gained a reputation, at least among subsequent martyrologists, of having a particularly contemptuous attitude towards those before the courts, and of invariably denying his victims' requests for a prayer before punishment. Most traditions make Grierson the presiding officer at the court that condemned the "Wigtown Martyrs", Margaret Wilson and Margaret McLachlan, in May 1685. A Cloud of Witnesses, the principal martyrology of the time, charged him with command of the troop of dragoons that shot John Bell of Whiteside along with four others in Tongland Parish in February 1685, and David Halliday and George Short in Twynholm later in the year. In 1685, after the accession of King James II and VII, Grierson was created a Baronet, of Lag, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, and awarded a pension. Subsequent to the 1688 Glorious Revolution, Lag was arrested in May 1689 as a supporter of the old Stuart regime. Although he obtained his release on a substantial bail, and continued to receive his pension from William III, he remained under suspicion as a potential Jacobite rebel and was imprisoned again several times during the 1690s. In 1696 he was charged with being involved with the coining of false money at his mansion, Rockhall, but it was eventually discovered that the house was merely being used for experiments in stamping linen with decorative patterns.For much of the remainder of his life Lag's fortunes were seriously impacted by fines, and he took no further part in the politics of the period. He continued to serve as a Justice of the peace and permitted his sons to become involved in the 1715 Jacobite Rising. However, the family's status never came under real threat as their connections with the influential Duke of Queensberry, both by blood and by marriage, probably served to protect them to some extent. Although Lag lived on unmolested in semi-retirement he remained feared and reviled by Covenanters: the writer Patrick Walker (c.1666-1745) in his Remarkable Passages of the Life and Death of Mr. Alexander Peden, described him as "a great persecutor, a great swearer, a great whorer, blasphemer, drunkard, liar and cheat, and yet out of hell". In 1713 Lag handed over his estates to his eldest son, William, in return for a life rent. The two subsequently fell out over Lag's request to sell some of the property, though the resulting legal cases had the unintended effect of protecting the estates from forfeiture after William became involved in the 1715 rebellion. It was noted that father and son had been "thoroughly reunited by the common cause of retrieving their property", and Lag was eventually able to transfer the estates back to William in 1725.Death and posthumous legends

Grierson of Lag was a byword for evil among the common Presbyterian folk in Annandale, who gravely asserted that he, like the other persecutors of the Covenanters, had intimate dealings with the devil, and that he was "partly in hell" before his death, in evidence of which they told that his saliva burnt holes where it fell, and his feet put into cold water made it boil. Lag died, aged 77, at his town house in Dumfries on 31 December 1733. He was buried two days later in the Grierson family burial plot in Old Dunscore Churchyard, the cost of the funeral being £240 Scots. A story was told that on the night he died a chariot surrounded by thunder clouds swept his soul away to hell. Another described how the horses pulling his hearse to Dunscore churchyard died of exhaustion on the way and a black raven flew down and settled on the coffin, flying away only at the moment of burial. The antiquary Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe claimed that the story regarding the horses was in fact true, and that his grand-uncle Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick, a nephew of Lag's, had both attended the funeral and supplied the horses which subsequently died. Whereas the Presbyterian martyrologists had listed the names of those shot at the hands of Lag's men, the tales that grew up after his death became more lurid, and in later years locals pointed out a spot on Halliday Hill, near Lag Tower, where the Laird was said to have rolled Covenanters downhill in a barrel filled with spikes.Such stories may not be the stuff of scholarly history, but they vividly demonstrate the loathing and fear in which this man was held by those who were loyal to the National Covenant (1638) and the Solemn League and Covenant (1643) and who hoped, sometimes schemed and even at times took up arms against the Stuart monarchy to achieve religious freedom. A satirical chapbook poem known as Lag's Elegy, in which the Devil lamented the death of Lag, his "champion brave", was extremely popular in southern Scotland for around fifty years after his death. Grierson eventually entered folk memory, and was the subject of a strange custom recorded in Galloway and Dumfriesshire in the 19th century. Alexander Fergusson, who published a biographical sketch of him in 1886, recalled that as late as the 1840s some families, including Fergusson's own, used to commemorate Lag's deeds yearly in November by getting someone to dress as the "Laird of Lag", a "beast as hideous as the ingenuity of the performer intrusted with the part could make it" and which was used to frighten the children of the household. The conventional "beast" walked on all fours and had a long snout made from a large wooden kitchen pestle, with which the performer would "smell out Covenanters under the sideboard and other likely places": Fergusson said that anything "more striking, not to say appalling, to young minds can hardly be imagined". Arms

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition).New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

<mask>, First Baronet (1655/6 – 1733)

External links
Video and narration on Lag Tower and the Griersons
Video and narration of Sir <mask> and Lag Tower
Video and narration of Cruel Lag and the Wigtown Martyrs
Video and narration - Dunscore Churchyard and Sir <mask>

1655 births
1733 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1678
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1681–1682
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1685–1686

masks:
Sir Robert Grierson
Robert Grierson
Robert Redgaulet
Robert Grierson
Robert Grierson
Robert Grierson
Robert Gson
Robert Grierson


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<mask> (January 13, 1947 – August 11, 1959) was a twelve-year-old Roman Catholic Cajun girl from Richard, Louisiana, () in the United States. She has become the focus of a popular belief that she is a saint—a person who is in heaven—who has performed a number of miracles. Local Catholic
clergy and diocesan officials permitted, promoted, and participated in the popular veneration of <mask> for years prior to her being named a Servant of God, the first step in the canonization process. Life and final illness

<mask> was the second-oldest of ten children born to Joseph Elvin and <mask>. Adults and children who knew her considered her to be smart but otherwise unremarkable. She was a devout Catholic but no more so than was customary in the local Cajun community. <mask>'s mother said, "She liked sports and was always busy with something.She went to church and said her rosary, but she was just a normal little girl." In May 1959, after reading a book about Therese of Lisieux Richard asked her grandmother whether she, too, could become a saint by praying like Therese. After reporting appearances of a tall woman in black who vanishes, and her teacher recommending that she was not herself, her mother took her to a physician. As a result, only two weeks before her death she was diagnosed with acute lymphatic leukemia and hospitalized at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Lafayette, Louisiana. At the request of her family, she was informed by the hospital chaplain, Joseph Brennan, a newly ordained Catholic priest, that she was going to die. Though the illness was painful, she remained cheerful, meekly accepted her fate, and offered up her suffering to God. Brennan was deeply impressed by her faith and visited her daily.While dying, <mask> prayed for other individuals to be healed or to be converted to Catholicism. The Director of Pediatrics at the hospital, Theresita Crowley, a nun, also witnessed her calm acceptance of suffering and prayers for others. Brennan and Crowley claimed that those for whom <mask> prayed recovered from their illnesses or became Catholic. <mask> died on 11 August 1959 and was buried in Richard, Louisiana. Belief in <mask> as saint

Before her death Brennan and Crowley began telling people about <mask> and <mask>'s family became aware that there was a belief that she was "special." Floyd Calais, a Catholic priest who was at the time the chaplain of Charity Hospital in Lafayette, was a close friend of Brennan. In 1961, Calais began praying to <mask> to be assigned to a parish.He was assigned to St. Edwards parish in Richard, Louisiana—<mask>'s burial place—that same year. Once there, he discovered the need to raise money to build a new church there. Calais says that he was "invited to retreats and recollections, and began speaking about <mask>, how she achieved grace before she died" and about the need for money to build a new church in the parish. "People started going to her grave," he said, "and began sending checks to build the church. What I thought would take 8–10 years took 2 1/2." As early as the late 1960s and by 1972 at the latest, prayer cards marked "For Private Devotion only" with a photograph of <mask>, a prayer to her, and a prayer for her canonization were in circulation and xerographic copies were frequently being sent to individuals in need of help. A 1975 series of articles about <mask> in the newspaper of the Lafayette diocese spread the cult and were republished in a booklet, "<mask>, A Saint from Southwest Louisiana", in 1979.Testimonials by individuals who believed that they had benefited by prayer to <mask> were added and the booklet was again republished in 1988. A widespread belief formed in the area that <mask> would intercede in heaven for people's prayers to be answered. By 1989, the belief had spread outside the Cajun area. Hundreds of people were visiting <mask>'s grave each week, which had been illuminated so visits could occur in the evening and a box had been provided in which to leave written petitions to <mask>. On the thirtieth anniversary of her death that year, an outdoor Mass was held there which was attended by four thousand people and which was covered by Louisiana television stations and the Cable News Network, and was reported in newspapers in Louisiana, Dallas, Houston, Miami, Orlando, Albany, and Seattle. The media coverage resulted in knowledge of <mask> spreading world-wide, with interest in her expressed in Yugoslavia, Croatia, Australia, and Africa. Approximately a thousand people attended anniversary Masses there in both 1991 and 1999, with about 400 attending in 2007, and thousands come to her grave each year, including chartered buses from New Orleans.Church position

Though no official canonization procedures had begun for <mask>, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafayette began collecting in 1991 testimonials about reputed help obtained through her. Unlike the traditional support for canonization of a saint, which begins with popular devotion and is only later recognized by the church, support for <mask> began outside her immediate home area and was first promoted by the clergy, beginning with Brennan, Crowley, and Calais. The bishop of the Lafayette diocese at the time of her death, Maurice Schexnayder, visited her grave multiple times and referred to her as a saint. Another bishop of the diocese, Harry Flynn, presided at the thirtieth anniversary Mass in 1989, along with sixteen other priests. The diocese also approved the creation of a private organization, the Friends of Charlene, to spread her story. In January 2020, Bishop J. Douglas Deshotel of the Diocese of Lafayette officially opened the cause of <mask>’s sainthood during a Saturday Mass at the Immaculata Center in Lafayette, along with Arnaudville teacher and evangelist Auguste Nonco Pelafigue. Following the Mass, <mask> and Pelafigue were officially named “Servant of God”, the first step in sainthood.On 17 November 2021, the USCCB meeting in Baltimore, Maryland voted to advance the cause of <mask>'s beatification and canonization. baltimore, Maryland

See also
Folk saint

Notes

References

1947 births
1959 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Folk saints
Christian child saints
Cajun people
People from St. Mary Parish, Louisiana
American Servants of God

masks:
Charlene Marie Richard
Richard
Charlene
Mary Alice Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Charlene
Richard
Richard
Charlene
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Charlene


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<mask> (born 18 April 1977) is an Australian musician from Hornsby, New South Wales. He is a founding member and singer-guitarist for the rock band Grinspoon. Early life and education
<mask><mask> was born on 18 April 1977 in Hornsby, New South Wales, while his parents were on the road. His father was the singer of a Christian rock 'n' roll band, Good Grief, while his mother was a keyboard player in the support act. The pair toured beach missions on a Baptist church initiative on the east coast of the state. In 1983 they moved to Bourke to the Christian community, Cornerstone. Jamieson has three sisters.In the late 1980s, Jamieson became "quite obsessed" with pop music and the top ten hits on the charts. He admits to being a big fan of Bros and says the band's When Will I Be Famous? tour was the first concert he ever attended. Jamieson was also a fan of musicians such as Bon Jovi, Michael Bolton, Richard Marx, George Michael and "just anything that was particularly bad". Jamieson attended Wauchope High School, where he co-acted the lead in the school's 1994 production of Joseph and The Technicolor Dreamcoat, sharing the role with Matthew William Joyce. During his school years, Jamieson started a band with Fiona, titled Dancing with Daisies in a Meadow of Corruption, which won the Hastings Battle of the Bands competition. Jamieson was also the guitarist in Mescaline, singer in Crabapple and drummed in a punk band, Stiffy.Music career
<mask> is best known as the front man of alternative rock band Grinspoon. In July 1995, <mask>, on lead vocals and guitar, formed the group with Pat Davern on lead guitar, Joe Hansen on bass guitar, and Kristian Hopes on drums. Their debut gig was at a Lismore hotel, The Gollan. Greg Lawrence of WHAMMO website described Lismore's late 1980s music scene as a "collection of manic and unpredictable bands that played the - even more - unpredictable venues at the time". He opined that it was no surprise that Grinspoon were "a young troop of riff-masters balancing on the thin line between hard and punk rock". He praised the "strengths of the band" including Jamieson's "casual charisma". In 1995 the group won the inaugural Unearthed talent contest by national youth radio network, Triple J.Their winning track became the band's first single, "Sickfest", which also appeared on their six-track self-titled extended play that year. The single was co-written by <mask> with Davern – their first effort at song writing together. Their debut album, Guide to Better Living, was issued in September 1997 with its 16 tracks written by <mask>, or co-written by <mask> and Hansen, or <mask> and Davern. It peaked at No. 11 on the ARIA Albums Chart and remained in the top 50 for 36 weeks. The group followed with six more studio albums, Easy (September 1999), New Detention (June 2002), Thrills, Kills & Sunday Pills (September 2004), Alibis & Other Lies (July 2007), Six to Midnight (September 2009), and Black Rabbits (September 2012). All six peaked in the top 10 with both New Detention and Alibis & Other Lies reaching No.2. Their highest point on the related ARIA Singles Chart was actually achieved by two of their extended plays, Pushing Buttons (September 1998) and Panic Attack (March 2003) – each peaked at No. 13. In 2005 <mask> won Best Male Performer in the second annual Jack Awards, while Grinspoon won their first ARIA Award for Best Rock Album for Thrills, Kills & Sunday Pills. Grinspoon remained together for over 18-years and from December 2013 they have been in an indefinite hiatus. In total the band had received 13 ARIA Award nominations. Jamieson showcased the sounds of Grinspoon to millions of viewers in March 2006, playing live at Melbourne Cricket Ground as part of the closing ceremony of the 2006 Commonwealth Games.The band also had a track used on the Gran Turismo 3 video game. In addition to his work with Grinspoon, <mask> co-wrote tracks for United States group Unwritten Law including "Elva" and "Nick and Phil" on Elva (January 2002) and "She Says" and "Because of You" on Here's to the Mourning (February 2005). Late in 2004 <mask> was the lead vocalist for "Evie" part three, "I'm Losing You", by super group, The Wrights, which performed a cover version of Stevie Wright's 1974 hit. They issued it as a single which peaked at No. 3 on the ARIA Singles Chart in March the following year. In early 2005 <mask> performed guest vocals on the track, "Sayonara", for the film Deck Dogz. In August 2009, <mask> teamed with Chris Cheney (of The Living End); Josh Pyke; and Tim Rogers (of You Am I) to perform The Beatles' White Album in its entirety in celebration of that album's 40th anniversary.They were supported by an ensemble of 17 musicians. In May 2014, <mask> and Russo performed acoustic shows in Sydney and Melbourne. In July 2014, <mask>, Cheney, Pyke and Rogers once again performed the White Album on an Australian tour, with a 17-piece orchestra. <mask> also DJs under the name "2ManyPJs" and supported the Living End in 2012 during the Sydney leg of their 'Retrospective Tour'. In March 2017 <mask> starred as St Jimmy in the Australian premiere of the Broadway musical 'American Idiot' in Brisbane. He is due to reprise his role for the national tour of the production in 2018. Personal life
In March 2002, Jamieson met Julie, his partner, at a Grinspoon performance in Brisbane.Julie had been a runway model and appeared in ads and TV commercials—by 2007, the couple had two children, Eight and Lyla  and by January 2014, the couple had been married for seven years. As of February 2014, Jamieson resides in Sydney, Australia, is an avid South Sydney Rabbitohs supporter and is the team's number-two ticket holder. In February 2007, Jamieson attended the Odyssey House drug detoxification unit in Sydney, to overcome his addiction to crystal methamphetamine, also known as "ice". Jamieson claimed the information had been leaked to the media a week later by a nurse, and said that he felt "My confidence, or my confidentiality, was completely raped". In July 2007, he went public in an interview with Andrew Denton on the TV program Enough Rope, and spoke of stealing from his bandmates to fuel his drug use and becoming estranged from his wife. Jamieson continued his rehabilitation at a private clinic with the support of Julie, his family and bandmates. <mask> and Julie embarked on the 'Rock N Ride' tour in January 2013 for Headspace, the National Youth and Mental Health Foundation.<mask> founded the tour with Adam Zammit, the CEO of the Big Day Out festivals. Together with 10 other Australian musician and media personalities, Jamieson completed a five-day motorbike tour from the Gold Coast Big Day Out to the Adelaide Big Day Out. The tour aimed to engage local communities and raise awareness about youth mental health issues and ice. They repeated the tour in 2014, but rode from the Gold Coast to Melbourne in error. Awards and nominations

APRA Awards

The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). |-
| 2003 || "Chemical Heart" – Patrick Davern, <mask> || Song of the Year ||
|-
| 2013 || "Passerby" – Davern, <mask> || Rock Work of the Year ||

Jack Awards

The annual Jack Awards ran from 2004 to 2007, they were sponsored by Jack Daniel's, the US-based whiskey company. Jamieson won Best Male Performer in 2005.References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Australian musicians
People from the Mid North Coast
Australian multi-instrumentalists
The Wrights (Australian band) members
21st-century Australian singers
21st-century Australian male singers

masks:
Philip Jamieson
Philip William H
. Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Jamieson
Phil Jamieson
Jamieson


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<mask> (born 23 June 1989) is an Australian professional wrestler currently signed to Impact Wrestling, where she is one half of the current Impact Knockouts World Tag Team Champion with Cassie Lee in their first reign. She is best known for her time in WWE, where she performed under the ring name <mask>. She was one-half of the tag team The IIconics alongside Peyton Royce. In June 2007, <mask> made her professional wrestling debut at Pro Wrestling Alliance (PWA), and she debuted one-year later for the Pro Wrestling Women's Alliance promotion, where she became a two-time PWWA Champion. She later started competing on the independent circuit for multiple promotions in the United States for several years, most notably and commonly for Shimmer Women Athletes. Early life
<mask> began watching wrestling at the age of 10 along with her brother, and started her professional wrestling career first attending to the Australian promotion based in Sydney, Pro Wrestling Australia. Prior to becoming a wrestler, <mask> excelled in basketball.She attended the same high school (Westfields Sports) as fellow wrestler Cassie Lee. Professional wrestling career

Pro Wrestling Alliance Australia (2007–2015)
<mask> was trained by Madison Eagles. She debuted on 23 June 2007, on her eighteenth birthday, at PWA Australia with a win over Eagles and Aurora, wrestling under her birth name as <mask>. On 2 August 2008, <mask> defeated defending champion Kellie Skater to win the PWWA Championship for the first time. She had one successful title defence on 8 November against Tenille Tayla. On 22 November, she lost her title to Penni Lane. After Lane vacated her title due to injury, <mask> won the PWWA Championship for the second time in a four-way match against Kellie Skater, Sway, and Shazza McKenzie on 14 September 2009.<mask> had two successful title defences against KC Cassidy and Madison Eagles in March and May 2010, but lost the title to Eagles on 11 June 2010. In September 2011, <mask> failed to win a three-way match for the Shimmer Championship also featuring champion Madison Eagles and Nicole Matthews. In August 2012, in a match to crown the interim PWWA Champion, she was defeated by Evie. Shimmer Women Athletes (2008–2015)
<mask> began wrestling for the American all-female promotion Shimmer Women Athletes in October 2008, making her debut at Volume 21 along with Madison Eagles as the Pink Ladies, participating in a tag team gauntlet match to determine the inaugural Shimmer Tag Team Champions, but were the first team eliminated. <mask> made her singles debut in Shimmer with a loss to Kellie Skater at Volume 24. At Volume 33 in September 2010, <mask> defeated Nicole Matthews, after losing to Matthews earlier that year in April at Volume 30. She followed up with an upset victory over Ayako Hamada and Sara Del Rey in a three-way match by pinning former Shimmer Champion Del Rey at Volume 34.As a result, later in September 2010, <mask> was granted a title match against her trainer and former tag partner, Shimmer Champion Madison Eagles at Volume 35, but failed to win. After her failed title challenge, <mask> continued her feud with Nicole Matthews. At Volume 36, she teamed up with Tenille, challenging The Canadian NINJAs (Matthews and Portia Perez) for the Shimmer Tag Team Championship, but were defeated. However, she gained a victory over the Canadian NINJAs at Volume 38 while teaming with Serena. <mask> concluded her feud with Matthews with a loss in a two-out-of-three falls match at Volume 39 in March 2011. In March 2012, victories over Mia Yim at Volume 45 and former Shimmer Champion MsChif at Volume 46 led to <mask> receiving another shot at the Shimmer Championship, but lost to defending champion Cheerleader Melissa at Volume 47. At Volume 53 in April 2013, <mask> was defeated by Madison Eagles in Eagles' return match.At Volume 57, <mask> defeated Mercedes Martinez. Other promotions (2008–2015)
Other than wrestling for Shimmer, <mask> has also wrestled for other American promotions, including Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Ring of Honor (ROH) in 2008, and Chikara in 2011. She also wrestled for the Canadian promotion NCW Femmes Fatales in 2012. <mask> debuted for the American promotion Shine Wrestling at Shine 9 in April 2014, with a victory in a six-person tag team match, teaming with Kellie Skater and Shazza McKenzie to defeat Nikki Roxx, Santana and Mia Yim. WWE (2015–2021)

NXT (2015–2018)

<mask> received a tryout with WWE during their tour of Australia in August 2014 and became an NXT trainee on 13 April 2015. <mask> made her televised in-ring debut on the 10 June episode of NXT, where she competed in a losing effort against Becky Lynch under the ring name Jessie. On 7 August, she was given the new ring name <mask>.After competing in most of her matches at NXT as a face, <mask> competed on her first match as a heel on the 21 October episode of NXT, losing to Asuka. Through the end of 2015, <mask> started being managed by fellow wrestler, Sylvester Lefort, during multiple NXT live events, however, it did not last for long after Lefort was released from his contract in February 2016. On the 13 January 2016 episode of NXT, <mask> competed in a number one contender's battle royal for Bayley's NXT Women's Championship, which was won by Carmella. <mask> made her first appearance on the main roster on the 30 June episode of SmackDown, where she worked as a jobber losing to Dana Brooke. <mask> finally made her return to NXT television on 27 July, where she achieved her first live victory in the company by defeating Santana Garrett. After asking NXT's general manager William Regal for a match at TakeOver: Brooklyn II on the 17 August episode of NXT, she was granted one against the debutant Ember Moon. At the event on 20 August, <mask> was defeated by Moon.Following a brief hiatus, <mask> returned on the 21 September episode of NXT, where she defeated Aliyah. In October, <mask> started an alliance with Peyton Royce, later dubbed The Iconic Duo, and later entered a feud with Liv Morgan with the duo attacking and defeating Morgan in singles matches. This ultimately led to a six-women tag team match at TakeOver: Toronto, which was taped and aired for the 23 November episode of NXT, in which Aliyah, Ember Moon, and Morgan defeated <mask>, Royce, and their partner Daria Berenato. In the end of December, <mask> and Royce were placed in a brief feud with the NXT Women's Champion Asuka after the latter stated there is no competition for her. This resulted in a fatal four-way match, which also involved Nikki Cross, at the TakeOver: San Antonio event on 28 January 2017, in which both <mask> and Royce failed to capture the NXT Women's Championship. The IIconics (2018–2020)

<mask> and Royce, now dubbed The IIconics, made their main roster debut on the 10 April 2018 episode of SmackDown Live attacking then SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair, whilst she was cutting a promo about her match at WrestleMania 34. Week later, <mask> lost to Flair.In their first match together as part of the main roster, The IIconics racked up their first victory against Asuka and Becky Lynch. Throughout the next few months, <mask> competed in various singles and tag team matches but ended up on the losing end. In August, The IIconics started their first feud on the main roster, with Naomi, and the two were able to defeat her in singles matches. Eventually, Naomi teamed up with Asuka but lost to the IIconics at the Super Show-Down on 6 October, held in the latter's homeland of Australia. Three weeks later, both <mask> and Royce took part in WWE's first all-women's pay-per-view, Evolution; they were the first two eliminated from a battle royal for a future women's championship match. On 27 January 2019, both <mask> and Royce entered their first Royal Rumble match at number 7 and number 9, respectively, and they managed to eliminate Nikki Cross, before they both were eliminated by Lacey Evans. On 17 February, at the Elimination Chamber event, The IIconics competed in a tag team Elimination Chamber match for the inaugural WWE Women's Tag Team Championship, which was won by The Boss 'n' Hug Connection (Bayley and Sasha Banks).In March, The IIconics started a feud with Banks and Bayley, whom they defeated in a non-title match. Because of their win, they (and two other teams) challenged Banks and Bayley for the championship at WrestleMania 35 in a fatal four-way match. At the event, which took place on 7 April, The IIconics won the match after <mask> pinned Bayley to win the Women's Tag Team Championship for the first time. On the 5 August episode of Raw, The IIconics lost the titles to Alexa Bliss and Nikki Cross in a fatal four-way match also involving the teams of The Kabuki Warriors (Asuka and Kairi Sane) and Fire and Desire (Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville). On 16 October, it was announced that The IIconics had been drafted to the Raw brand as supplemental picks of the 2019 WWE Draft. After a brief hiatus, <mask> and Royce made their return on the 11 May 2020 episode of Raw, interrupting WWE Women's Tag Team Champions Alexa Bliss and Nikki Cross. They later defeated the champions in a non-title match.They would unsuccessfully challenge for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championships multiple times throughout the summer. They would begin a feud with Ruby Riott mocking her backstage for not having any friends. They would go on to trade victories as <mask> and Royce defeated Riott while Riott defeated <mask>. At Payback, The IIconics were defeated by Riott and her newly reunited tag partner Liv Morgan. The following night on Raw, The IIconics were forced to disband after losing to The Riott Squad per stipulation. The Resume (2020–2021)
As part of the 2020 Draft in October, <mask> went undrafted and was subsequently signed as a free agent to the SmackDown brand. <mask> would then begin a storyline on SmackDown where she would offer Superstars such as Street Profits and Big E to look at her resume only to be rejected by them.On the 1 January 2021 episode of SmackDown, she helped The Riott Squad defeat Natalya and Tamina, much to their dismay. Over the next few weeks, <mask> would try to persuade The Riott Squad to add her to their group as she accompanied them to the ring during their matches and attempted to interfere in matches on their behalf, seemingly turning face for the first time since October 2015. However, <mask> resumed as a heel when she teamed with Carmella for a tag team turmoil match on Night 1 of WrestleMania 37, which was won by Natalya and Tamina. This would in turn be <mask>'s final appearance in WWE as she (along with her former partner Peyton Royce) were released from their WWE contracts on 15 April 2021. Impact Wrestling (2021–present)
At Knockouts Knockdown on 9 October 2021, it was announced that The IIconics, now known as The IInspiration, would be making their debut for Impact Wrestling at Bound for Glory. At Bound for Glory, they defeated Decay (Havok and Rosemary) to win the Impact Knockouts World Tag Team Championship. On November 20, at Turning Point, The IInspiration had their first successful title defense, when they defeated Decay once again.Other media

<mask> as <mask> made her WWE video game debut as a playable character in WWE 2K18, having since appeared in both WWE 2K19 and WWE 2K20. On 19 August 2020, <mask> launched her own YouTube channel. On 16 May 2021, <mask> alongside Cassie Lee launched a comedy and variety podcast titled Off Her Chops. Championships and accomplishments
Impact Wrestling
Impact Knockouts World Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Cassie Lee
 Pro Wrestling Women's Alliance
 PWWA Championship (2 times)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 34 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2012
 Ranked No. 50 of the top 50 tag teams in the PWI Tag Team 50 in 2020 – with Peyton Royce
 Sports Illustrated
 Ranked No. 25 in the top 30 female wrestlers in 2018
 WWE
 WWE Women's Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Peyton Royce
 NXT Year-End Award (1 time)
 Breakout of the Year (2016) – with Peyton Royce

References

External links

 The IInspiration's Impact Wrestling profile

1989 births
Australian female professional wrestlers
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Sportswomen from New South Wales
Sportspeople from Sydney

masks:
Jessica McKay
Billie Kay
Kay
McKay
McKay
McKay
Jessie McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
Kay
McKay
McKay
McKay
McKay
Billie Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
Kay
McKay
Billie Kay
McKay
McKay


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Theodore "<mask>" <mask> () was an Indonesian-Dutch businessman who was instrumental in developing Macau as a tourist destination and who was a Formula One team owner in the 1970s. Early life and business career
<mask>, an ethnic Indonesian Chinese of Hakka ancestry from Meixian, Guangdong, China was born as Jap Tek Lie in Medan, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia in 1907. At that time Indonesia was the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Netherlands. <mask>p studied in the Netherlands and took Dutch nationality. He moved to Hong Kong in the 1940s and began to build up his business empire which included travel agencies, hotels, casinos and trading companies. Yip spoke many languages including six Chinese variants (most notably Hakka being his native tongue, Mandarin and Cantonese due to his residence in Hong Kong and Macau), Dutch (through his life experience during the Dutch colonial rule and the owning of his Dutch citizenship), English, French, German, Malay (Indonesian) (since he was born and spent his childhood in Indonesia prior his move to the Netherlands for his studies) and Thai which helped him expand his businesses into property and finance. Yip started racing cars for fun in the 1950s at the wheel of a Toyopet Model SA.In 1962 he and several partners, including his brother-in-law Stanley Ho, formed the Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau with a monopoly to run all casino operations and many other leisure activities in Macau, including lotteries, ferries and hotels. <mask>p established the Casino Lisboa along with Stanley Ho (the brother of his wife Susie Ho) and their two other partners (<mask> Hon and Henry Fok). The Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau transformed Macau into a major tourist destination. Yip was the force behind the Macau Grand Prix, a prestigious annual motor racing event in the streets of Macau often won by drivers who would go on to great success in Formula One. Motor racing
In the early 1970s Yip met Sid Taylor, a racing team manager and former racing driver from Ireland. In 1974 <mask>p sponsored Australian driver Vern Schuppan in a Formula 5000 team managed by Taylor and in Formula One with Team Ensign. In 1975 he continued to sponsor Schuppan in races in America and for 1976 supported Alan Jones in the US Formula 5000 series, also establishing his Theodore Racing, run by Sid Taylor, who entered an Ensign in F1 with Patrick Tambay as the driver.After a difficult year in 1977, <mask> commissioned Ron Tauranac to build him a Formula One car. The car was difficult to drive and Eddie Cheever failed to qualify in both Brazil and Argentina but Keke Rosberg took the car to a shock victory at the 1978 BRDC International Trophy at Silverstone, a non-championship race that was held in extremely wet conditions that year. Rosberg qualified for only one Grand Prix that year, in South Africa. The car was abandoned in mid-season. In America, Yip financially supported Dan Gurney's Eagle team. In 1979, Yip helped to fund Ensign but the car was not a success. The car was driven by Derek Daly, Patrick Gaillard, and Marc Surer but there were no points scored.At the end of 1978 and through 1979 <mask> also funded a British F1 programme with Walter Wolf Racing WR3, WR4 and WR6 for David Kennedy who finished runner up in the series. His British F1 programme also ran Desiré Wilson in Wolf WR4 to a famous win at Brands Hatch in 1980. Kennedy moved to Shadow in 1980 with, initially, Stefan Johansson and later Geoff Lees as team mate but the team was chronically underfunded and using a very poorly engineered DN11 chassis. After a few races Yip took over ownership from founder Don Nichols and introduced a DN12 chassis which also proved a failure. After both cars failed to qualify for the French Grand Prix in June Yip closed down the Shadow team. Yip rethought his involvement in racing and ended most of his other activities in order to concentrate on F1. With Sid Taylor and Julian Randles he established Theodore Racing Ltd. and recruited designer Tony Southgate and team manager Jo Ramírez.The new car was dubbed the TY01 and was driven by Tambay at the start of 1981. In the mid-season Tambay was lured away by Ligier and <mask> gave the drive to Marc Surer. The same car was developed in 1982 and it became obvious that small teams could not easily survive in the turbo era. Yip merged Theodore with Ensign and used the Nigel Bennett-designed Ensign N183 design as a Theodore. The team hired drivers Johnny Cecotto and Roberto Guerrero but at the end of that season the team shut down and Mo Nunn moved to America, where he enjoyed great success as a race engineer through the 1980s and into the 1990s and eventually set up a successful team of his own in Champ Car. Yip had long run a team each year at the Macau GP and in 1983 was behind the switch from Formula Pacific rules to Formula Three rules. The result was a huge success and Theodore Racing has won the event many times, notably with Ayrton Senna in 1983.Yip reduced his involvement in motor racing sponsorship in the late 1980s and finally sold his share of his company in Macau to his brother-in-law. His son <mask> Jr. revived the Theodore Racing brand in various single seater racing formulae. Death
<mask> died at the age of 96 in 2003. News of his death and the subsequent funeral received extensive coverage in television, radio and print media in Southeast Asia. Family
In December 2018, <mask>, the oldest son of <mask>, died in a school bus crash at North Point, Hong Kong that killed four other people on 10 December 2018. He succumbed to his injuries from the accident at Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital in Chai Wan. Footnotes

References

Sources
Profile at www.grandprix.com

1907 births
2003 deaths
20th-century Dutch businesspeople
Businesspeople in financial services sector
Businesspeople in real estate
Dutch chief executives
Dutch motorsport people
Dutch people of Chinese descent
Formula One team owners
Indonesian chief executives
Indonesian emigrants to the Netherlands
Indonesian people of Chinese descent
People from Medan
People from Meixian District

masks:
Teddy
Yip
Yip
Teddy Yi
Teddy Yi
Yip
Teddy Yi
Yip
Teddy
Yip
Teddy Yip
Teddy Yip
Willy Yip
Teddy Yip


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<mask> (1877–1916) was an Irish activist & revolutionary. Early life and family (1877–1906)

<mask> was born 24 November 1877. His parents were Michael and Mary (née Sinnott), they were married 20 January 1877. Michael died at age 37 (about 1887). Mary, born 22 May 1858, to Hugh Synnott [sic] and Margaret Doyle, was 29-years-old when her husband died. <mask> grew up with his younger brothers Hugh, John and Michael and sister Margaret in a place known as 'The Spot’ in Lisdornan near Julianstown, Stamullen and Bellewstown, in Co. Meath, Ireland. He resided there until the close of 1900 when his family moved to a second home, also in Lisdornan, and where he continued to live until his departure for Dublin.In 1904 he moved to Baldoyle, Co. Dublin, to begin employment at the Metropolitan Baldoyle Race Company Limited. There, he worked as a Senior Groundskeeper and Steward of the Turf Club, skilled in the construction and maintenance of 'the turf' and grounds, as well as creation of a new five-furlong gallop which would become renowned as one of the best in north-west Europe. He had previously been employed in the same endeavours at The Bellewstown Racecourse, the oldest racecourse in Europe.. It was in the rich countryside of Meath, that as a young man, <mask> developed his hunting (grouse, geese, ducks and deer) and weaponry skill and knowledge, which proved of great benefit to the men and women trained, and drilled, under him in the Irish Citizen's Army, at Liberty Hall, and Croydon Park, Fairview, working alongside Captain Jack White. <mask> married Ann Rooney from the Portmarnock-Malahide area in 1908 and they went on to have three sons, Michael born in 1909, Joseph born in 1911 and <mask>, who was born in 1914. Ann was the daughter of Joseph Rooney, of Maynetown, the Rooney family later moved to the extant thatched cottage in the village of Baldoyle. <mask> and his family lived on Station Road (by Sutton Train Station—where Sutton meets Baldoyle), in ‘Sutton Cottages’ (or 'The Knock of Howth Cottages').In the 1911 Census of Ireland <mask> and Ann had three boarders listed as living in their home, her two brothers-in-law: <mask> (47) and Lawrence Rooney (38), as well as  a 'William Kennedy'—also later members of the Fingal branch of the ICA. <mask>, Joseph McDonagh and Michael Nolan - socialists, activists and members of the United Irish League, were instrumental in the establishment of the ITGWU. They later organized its founding meeting in Baldoyle, Dublin. Soon there after, they were to found, and lead, the area branch of the Irish Citizens Army (ICA). Had <mask> lived he would have no doubt achieved a high ranking political office as his surviving colleagues later did. The Irish Citizen Army (ICA) was an armed and well-trained body of civilian men & women whose aim was to defend workers and strikers, particularly from the frequent brutality of the Dublin Metropolitan Police. Though the ICA only numbered about 250 at most, their goal soon became the establishment of an independent and socialist Irish nation.Other prominent members included Constance Markievicz, Kit Poole, Francis Sheehy-Skeffington, Seán O'Casey and P. T. Daly. In 1916, they took part in the Easter Rising – an armed insurrection aimed at ending British rule in Ireland. The ICA uniform was dark green with a slouched hat and badge in the shape of the Red Hand of Ulster. Their banner was the Plough and the Stars. The significance of the banner was that a free Ireland would control its own destiny from the plough to the stars, and the symbolism of the flag was evident in its earliest inception of a plough with a sword as its blade. Taking inspiration from the bible and following the internationalist aspect of socialism it reflected the belief that war would be redundant with the rise of the Socialist International. This was flown by the Irish Citizens Army during the 1916 rising.The Easter Rising/The Easter Rebellion (1906–1916)

On Easter Monday morning in 1916, Lieutenant <mask>, the Military Commanding Officer of the collective Baldoyle, Sutton and Howth branch (Fingal, Section 7) of the Dublin county contingent of the Irish Citizen's Army, led his battalion of men to Liberty Hall in Dublin city centre to join the uprising against the oppression of the British Empire. Members of the same battalion were already at work severing the communications of the Royal Irish Constabulary to London. About 1,200 members of the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army mustered at several locations in central Dublin, among them members of the all-female Cumann na mBan.The British Imperial forces brought 20,000 in reinforcements, as well as artillery and a gunboat. A joint force of about 400 Volunteers and Citizen Army gathered at Liberty Hall under the command of Commandant <mask>. This was the rebel headquarters, and it also included Commander-in-Chief Patrick Pearse, as well as Tom Clarke, Seán MacDermott and Joseph Plunkett. <mask>, because of his military prowess, was assigned to the General Post Office, on Sackville Street (now "O'Connell Street"). Organised by members of the Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Rising began on (Easter Monday) 24 April 1916, and lasted for six days.Members of the Irish Volunteers — led by schoolmaster and Irish language activist Patrick Pearse, joined by the smaller Irish Citizen Army and 200 women of Cumann na mBan — seized key locations in Dublin and proclaimed an Irish Republic. They marched to the General Post Office (GPO) on O'Connell Street, Dublin's main thoroughfare, occupied the building and hoisted two republican flags. Pearse stood outside and read the Proclamation of the Irish Republic. Copies of the Proclamation were also pasted on walls and handed out to bystanders by Volunteers and newsboys. The GPO would be the rebels' headquarters for most of the Rising. There was fierce street fighting on the routes into the city centre, where the rebels put up stiff resistance, slowing the British advance and inflicting heavy casualties. Elsewhere in Dublin, the fighting mainly consisted of sniping and long-range gun battles.The main rebel positions were gradually surrounded and bombarded with artillery shells. Lieutenant <mask> served as a Military Commander (Fingal, Section 7) to <mask>, the Commandant and Commander-in-Chief of the Dublin Brigade in The Easter Rising of 1916. <mask> was a member of the Irish Labour Party and the Irish Trades Union Congress and, like Connolly, an advocate of socialism. In 1913, <mask> joined the Irish Citizen Army (ICA), founded by <mask>, <mask>, and ex-British officer, Jack White, in response to the Lockout of 1913. Connolly's leadership in the Easter rising was considered formidable. Michael Collins said of Connolly that he "would have followed him through hell."" <mask> and his colleagues were stationed at the GPO, and during that faithful Easter Week on Wednesday, 26 April 1916, he was shot by a sniper's bullet.The location of his killing is variously recorded as in the GPO and Moore Lane. A total of eleven Citizen Army men were killed in action in the rising, in the City Hall/Dublin Castle, Stephen's Green and the GPO areas. Connolly issued orders to surrender following a week of relentless shelling by the British forces and the civilian casualties that ensued. He and his Chief of Staff Michael Mallin were executed by British army firing squad some weeks later. The surviving ICA members were interned in Frongoch in Wales and in English prisons for nine to 12 months. The ICA was only rebel force that accepted female recruits so a number of women joined their ranks. The best known was the Countess Markievicz who became Honorary Treasurer and acted under Michael Mallin at St Stephen’s Green.It ceased to be a major military force in its own right, but former members donned uniforms again to provide a guard of honour at the funeral on Countess Markievicz in 1927, and again at the funeral of <mask> in 1947. Posthumous decorations, commemorations and legacy

<mask> was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery  alongside many of his fallen comrades and joined the list of civilians and volunteers men and women  who had given their life in the fight for the freedom and independence of Ireland—his name appears on the memorial there (also in Gaelic as ‘Seamus Mac Chormaic’). <mask> based away in 1928 at age 45, her cousin Cecilia 'Sissy' Shaw took on the responsibility of raising the three sons. The bronze medals awarded posthumously to <mask>, for recognized military service to Ireland, are on a green and orange ribbon stamped with the message “Seachtmhain na Casga 1916”. A native of the Dardistown, Lisdornan and the Bellewstown area, Meath County Council and The Bellewstown Heritage Group unveiled a Commemoration Plaque to <mask> on the Lisdornan/Dardistown boundary exactly 100 years to the day he was shot, newly named <mask>ack Memorial Bridge. In civilian life, <mask>'s expertise was in the envisaging, fabrication and maintenance of racecourses—at Bellewstown Racecourse and later Baldoyle Racecourse, both renowned. In 2016, a one hundred-year commemorative plaque and park bench were dedicated in his name at the Baldoyle Racecourse Community Garden.Many of his descendants still living in Baldoyle/Sutton/Howth area, and from further afield, were able to attend this 2016 memorial and plaque installation. <mask> Gardens, named to his memory, is the secluded development of houses and private cul-de-sac built by the local authority off Burrowfield Road, Dublin in 1949. <mask>'s son, Joseph, raised his family on that road, and his daughter, <mask> senior's granddaughter, <mask>, raised her family on Station Road in 'Sutton Cottages'—the a few house down from where <mask> and his family had lived from 1908. In December 2015, local Dublin historian Philip O’Connor said at a lecture:
“A diverse community, unlike any other, Howth, Sutton, and Baldoyle reveals an extraordinary story of a North Dublin rural and suburban community in a time of national revolution. Baldoyle produced the only substantial unit of the Citizen Army ... several of whom fought bravely and honourably in the 1916 Rising and later struggles including for social justice in the Free State of the hard 1920s.”

References

1877 births
1916 deaths
Irish revolutionaries

masks:
James McCormack
James McCormack
James
James
James
James
James McCack
James
James
James McCack
James
James McCormack
James Connolly
James
McCormack
James Connolly
McCormack
McCormack
James Larkin
James Connolly
McCormack
James Larkin
James McCormack
Ann McCormack
James McCormack
James McCormack
James McCorm
James McCormack
James McCormack
McCormack
James
Ann McCormack
James


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was a Japanese actor. He appeared in over 200 films, including Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, Rashomon, Yojimbo, and Ikiru. He also worked repeatedly for noted directors such as Yasujirō Ozu, Mikio Naruse and Kenji Mizoguchi. Career
Born as <mask> to a theatrical family, his older brother was the actor Kunitarō Sawamura and his older sister the actress Sadako Sawamura. He joined the Zenshinza Theatre Company in 1933 and appeared in a number of stage and film productions under the stage name Enji Ichikawa, including Sadao Yamanaka's Humanity and Paper Balloons and Kenji Mizoguchi's The 47 Ronin. After spending the war in New Guinea, he returned to Japan and signed with the Daiei Film studio, appearing now under the name <mask>. In addition to appearing in traditional jidaigeki roles, notably as one of Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, Katō became a popular everyman in contemporary shōshimin-eiga movies.His transfer to Toho in 1951 was an astute career choice, as he emerged as one of their most prolific performers; by the late 1950's he was headlining minor films and co-starring in major ones, including their Company President (Shachō) comedies. Toho leveraged Katō's cherubic appeal, featuring him heavily in promotional materials, and his celebrity grew beyond the typical status of a supporting player. His 1961 book about his wartime experiences, Minami no shima ni yuki ga furu (Snow in the South Seas), was adapted by Toho as a showcase for <mask>, who was top-billed, paired with major studio comic actor Junzaburō Ban (who received the only other solo screen credit), and supported with guest appearances by A-list Toho stars Hisaya Morishige, Tatsuya Mihashi, Keiju Kobayashi, and Frankie Sakai. The book later became an NHK television drama, a stage play, and a second film. Honors
<mask> Katō won the Blue Ribbon Award and Mainichi Film Concours for Best Supporting Actor in 1952 for Kettō Kagiya no Tsuji and Mother, and the Blue Ribbon Award in 1954 for Bloody Spear at Mount Fuji and Koko ni izumi ari. On June 7, 1963, Katō was the subject of the Asahi Shimbun Interview, a distinction reserved for notable members of the arts, sports, political, and business communities. In 2008, Katō was one of the actors commemorated in the Seven Supporting Characters film festival held at the now-defunct Cinema Artone in Tokyo's Shimokitazawa entertainment district.Family
Kato's nephews are the actors Masahiko Tsugawa and Hiroyuki Nagato. His son, Haruyuki <mask>, married Kazuko Kurosawa, the costume designer and daughter of Akira Kurosawa. His grandson by Harayuki and Kazuko is actor Takayuki Kato.

masks:
Tokunosuke Katō
Daisuke Katō
Katō
Daisuke
Katō


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<mask> (born 18 March 1932 in Cairo, Egypt), is a linguist who specializes in Kurdish language and literature. <mask>, editor-in-chief of Kurdish Studies, has taught at the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations (INALCO). She is a member of the research team "Monde Iranien" of CNRS, <mask> is the author of numerous studies on the language, literature and civilization of the Kurds. <mask> was a close associate of the left-wing activist Henri Curiel and shared in much of his activities, starting when both were living in Egypt and continuing during many years of shared French exile. Following Curiel's assassination in 1978, <mask> founded and headed the Comité Palestine et Israël Vivront, which throughout the 1980s continued Curiel's work in promoting dialogue between the PLO and Israeli Peace Movement. Publications

 1963, The Kurdish problem, sociological and historical essay, publication of the Center for the Study of the Problems of the Contemporary Muslim World, Brussels, 80 p. + a card. 1964, "Intercommunity Relations in Iraq", in: Studies, Correspondence d'Orient, n ° 5-6, published by the Center for the Study of the Problems of the Contemporary Muslim World, Brussels, p. 87-102.1965, "Three texts of Kurdish folklore", in: Etudes, Correspondence d'Orient, published by the Center for the Study of the Problems of the Contemporary Muslim World, Brussels, pp. 29–50. 1965, Kurdish Dictionary / Kurdish Dictionary, Center for the Study of the Problems of the Contemporary Muslim World, Brussels. 1966, "Iraq," in: Minorities and Dissent in Muslim Countries, Acta Orientalia Belgica, Brussels, p. 237-240. 1968, Kurdish Kurmandji Modern Texts, Introduction, Selection and Glossary, Iranische Text, ed. by Georges Redard, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 58 p.
 1975, The Kurd of 'Amadiya and Djabal Sindjar, linguistic analysis, folklore texts, glossaries, Works of the Institute of Iranian Studies of the University of the New Sorbonne, Klincksieck, 252 p.
 1975, Ferheng kurdî û Tirkî, publ. Sivan, Federal Republic of Germany, 109 p.
 1977, Translation from Russian of I.O.Oranskij, The Iranian languages, preface by Gilbert Lazard, Institute of Iranian Studies of the Sorbonne Nouvelle University, C. Klincksieck, Paris 239 p. + 1 card. 1980, Handbook of Kurdish, Sorani dialect, C. Klincksieck, 287 p.
 1980, "Djassem Djelil", in: Dictionary of Authors of all time and all countries, Laffont-Bompiani, coll. "Books" (2e) ed., P. 545. 1982, "The Kurds," in: Frontiers, Border Problems in the Third World, L'Harmattan, Paris VII University, pp. 128–135. 1983, "Studies of Kurdish linguistics and lexicographies: historical and current developments", in: Verbum, Revue de linguistique published by the University of Nancy II, Vol. VI, fasc, 1/2, pp.2–18. 1984, "The Kurdish National Movement", in: Les Temps Modernes, no. 456-457, Turkey, from authoritarian reformism to muscular liberalism, pp. 447–461. 1984, "Problems in the unification of the Kurdish Language", in: New Pesh Merga, no. 18, Nacka (Sweden), p. 14-19. 1984, Memory of Kurdistan, a collection of oral and written literary tradition, preface Maxime Rodinson, editions Findakly Paris, 221 p.
 1984, "A short story by Hassan Mela Ali Qizilji, Diwakhane tea", in: Le Monde Diplomatique, June.1985, Articles: "Chamilov" (Ereb Semo), Djagarkhwin (Cegerxwin), Goran (Abdullah Sulayman), Hawar (Appeal), Khani (Ahmadê Khanî), Koyi (Hadji Qadir Koyi), Kurdish (Kurdish literature), in: Historical, thematic and technical dictionary of LITTERATURES, Larousse, Paris. 1985, "The Jews in Kurdistan", in: Linguistic Mixes Offered to Maxime Rodinson by Students, Colleagues and Friends, ed. Christian Robin, Geuthner, Paris pp. 123–132. 1985, "Mirîna Hesen Qizilcî (The Death of Hasan Qizilcî)", in Hevi, No. 4, Kurdish Institute of Paris, p. 7-10. 1986, Kurdish Tales, International Council of the French Language, coll.Fleuve et Flamme, Paris 1986, 167 p.
 1986, "Bîranîna Thomas Bois (In memory of Thomas Bois)", in: Hêvî, N ° 4, Kurdish Institute of Paris, pp. 11–13. 1986, "Mirina zanayê mezin Qanatê Kurdo (Death of the great scholar Kanatê Kurdoev)", p. 7 - 15; and "Hêmin jî mir (Hêmin is also deceased)" pp. 19–24, in: Hêvî, kovara çandiya gistî, n ° 5, Kurdish Institute of Paris. 1986, "Qanate Kurdoev, 1908-1985", in: Studia Iranica, Volume 15 - fasc. 2, Publ. of the Association for the Advancement of Iranian Studies, CNRS, Paris, p. 249-256.1987, "My days, from Goran, "The Pain of the People (Jani Gel), by Ibrahim Ahmed", "Black Wound (Birîna Res / Kara yara)" by Musa Anter ", in: Dictionary of works of all ages and all countries, Literature, philosophy, music, coll. Books, 5th ed. Paris. 1988, "Gulchine, a Kurdish tale", in: Bulletin of the Alumni Association of the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations, pp. 57–61. 1988, "Bibliography of Kurdology books since the founding of the Kurdish Institute of Paris: 1983-1985", in: Studia Kurdica. 1989, "Kurd", "Gurânî", "Zâzâ", in: Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, edited collective work dir.Rüdiger Schmitt, Wiesbaden, pp. 326–340. 1989, "The Kurdish lori", in: Iranian-Aryan Studies Available to Gilbert Lazard, Studia Iranica, Cahier 7, pp. 37–58. 1990, "The role of the Naqshbandi sheikhs in the Kurdish national movement", in: Naqshbandis, Paths and Current Situation of a Muslim Mystical Order, ed. by Marc Gaborieau, Alexandre Popovic and Thierry Zarcone, Editions Isis, Istanbul-Paris, p. 371-377. 1990, "Reform of Kurdish", in: The Reform of Languages, ed.Claude Hagège and I. Fodor, Cologne. 1990, The Kurds and the Kurdistan, Critical Bibliography 1977 - 1986, French Institute of Research in Iran, Tehran-Paris, 146 p.
 1990, Preface to the book I Curdi nella Storia, Mirella Galletti, ed. Vecchio Faggio, Rome. 1991, "Kurdish Language and Literature", in: International Conference of Paris 14–15 October 1989, The Kurds: Human Rights and Cultural Identity, Kurdish Institute of Paris, p. 44-50. 1991, Kurtçe / Türkçe, Kürtçe / Fransizca, Kürtçe / Ingilizce Sözlük, Kurdish / Turkish / French / English dictionary, Sosyal Yayinlar, Istanbul, 342 p.
 1991, "The Poetry of Kurdistan, Kurdish National Unity", in: The Word and I, Publication of the Washington Times Corporation, Vol. 6, No. 8, Washington, p. 623-637.1992, "The Kurds," in: Historians and Geographers, No. 336, May–June, The Middle East in Paris, p. 305-320. 1992, "Die Wissenschaft von der Kurdischen Sprache", in: Kurden, Azadi Freihheit in de Bergen, Alfred Janata, Karin Kren und Maria Anna Six, Schallaburg, November 1992, Katalog des NÖ Landesmuseums, Neue Folge Nr 294, Wien, pp. 180–191. 1992, "Kurdische Literatur," p. 192-205. 1993, "The cagani: lori or Kurdish? ", In: Studia Iranica, Volume 22, fasc.1, publ. Association for the Advancement of Iranian Studies, Paris, p. 93-119. 1994, "Goran", "Literature in Gorani", "Folklore and Kurdish literature", "Mem o Zin", in: Universal Dictionary of Literature, Presses universitaires de France, pub. under the direction of Béatrice Didier. 1994, Kürtler ve Kurdistan, elistirel bir bibliyografya 1977 - 1990, Mezopotamya, Sweden, 165 p.
 1994, "Deldar Yunes", in: Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VII, fasc. 3, Mazda, California, p. 238.1994, "Kurdish literature", in: The Kurds and the States, Mediterranean Peoples, n ° 68-69, pp. 77–94. 1995, "Kurdish literature", in: The Kurds and the States, Mediterranean Peoples, n ° 68-69, July–December, pp. 77–93. 1995, "Kurdologie als Spiegel der Politischen Situation", in: Kurdologie, Bibliotek Feqiyê Teyran, Berlin, pp. 43–56. 1995, "Jiyan û berhemên Ehmedê Xanî (1650-1707)", in: Çira, kovara komeleya nivîskarên kurd the Swêdê, sal 1, hejmar 3.1995, "Life and Work of Thomas Bois, 1900-1975", in: Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 1, Peeters Press, Leuven, pp. 85–96. 1996, "Kurdish written literature", in: Kurdish Culture and Identity, ed. Philip Kreyenbroek & Christine Allison, Zed Books, Middle Eastern Studies pp. 20–28. 1999, Manual of Kurdish Kurdish, in collaboration with Veysi Barak, L'Harmattan, 225 p.
 1999, "Relations between Jews and Muslims in Kurdistan", in: Islam of the Kurds, The Annals of the Other Islam, No.5, INALCO, Paris, p. 199-224. 2000, Method of Kurdish Sorani, The Harmattan, 323 p.
 2000, "The development of Kurdish literature in the city", in: The Journal of Kurdish Studies, vol. III, 1998-2000, Louvain, Peeters Press, p. 85-91. 2005, "Kurdish literature", in: Passerelles, Kurdistan, Revue d'Etudes interculturelles, Thionville, pp. 287–296. 2010, "Written Kurdish Literature", in: Oral Literature of Iranian Languages, ed. by Philip G. Kreyenbroek & Ulrich Marzolph, A History of Persian Literature XVIII, I.B.Tauris, pp. 1–31. 2012, "Kurdish Literature," in: Kurdish Studies, Kurdish Literature, The Harmattan, pp. 5–36. See also

Related articles
 Kurdish Institute of Paris
 Kurd of 'Amadiya and Djabal Sindjar

References

External links
 Information on the Kurdish language by <mask>LAU
 Titles Etudes Kurdes
 KURDE MANUAL Kurmanji, Veysi Barak, <mask>, Editions de l'Harmattan, 1999

Linguists from France
Women linguists
Kurdish language
Kurdologists
1932 births
People from Cairo
Living people

masks:
Joyce Blau
Joyce Blau
Joyce Blau
Blau
Joyce Blau
Joyce B
Joyce Blau


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<mask> is an Australian/American musician. In 1984, with bass player Mark Ferrie, guitarists Terry Doolan and Andrew Pendlebury, and drummer Des Hefner, <mask> formed the Slaughtermen in Melbourne, a mid eighties post-punk alternative Southern gospel group (albeit 12,000 miles away from their original source of inspiration, America's Deep South Bible Belt). Around this time <mask> began private voice lessons with vocal coach Eve Godley and later at the Melba Conservatorium. Much earlier <mask> had studied piano at the Andrios School of Music in Footscray, which was also attended by Mark Ferrie, although not at the same time. Prior to the Slaughtermen, <mask>'s checkered career included The Armchairs, a satirical four piece outfit co-founded with Johnny Topper which had its debut in 1979 at the infamous Crystal Ballroom in St Kilda. Other members included guitarist Pierre Jaquinot, Andrew Snow, drums, and Fred Cass, bass. Later incarnations featured Rod Haywood, guitar, and Sue Parncutt, bass.The Armchairs released a 7-inch Ep, Ski Lo Lo, and a 12" album, Party Time, on Missing Link Records with the entire B side taken up by a 20-minute version of "La Bamba". The Armchairs, later with the help of <mask>, who in the early 1980s <mask> had struck up a songwriting partnership with, morphed into the mildly successful, yet short lived 11 piece group, Go Wild in French, which featured songs of Elvis Presley, as well as original compositions. Fed up with the claustrophobic Melbourne scene, <mask> moved to Sydney in 1989 and recorded a solo album with some members of The Danglin' Bros and others, entitled Workin' on The Nightshift, which was released on Agape records through EMI. This was followed in 1996 by King of the Cross, released on the Massive label. A collection of original and Southern gospel songs. In 1998, he recorded and self-released Cementville, the title inspired after visiting the town of the same name while driving through Indiana en route to Memphis, Tennessee. in 1997.The album contained bleak and acerbic observations of Australian life. In 2000, <mask> moved to San Francisco and while living in the Mission District continued recording and releasing a number of left of center albums. In 2003 <mask>, together with Broadway and cabaret star, Houston Allred, (the son of James V. Allred, 33rd Governor of Texas), "Genetically Challenged Drag queen" Anita Cocktail, her partner Sharon Boggs and Norman Anderson collectively known as The Shakers, performed at various venues in San Francisco, Millbrae and their hometown bar, in Brisbane, California, the infamous 23 Club. The group split somewhat acrimoniously in 2006, and <mask> returned to creating new music in the Brisbane environment. In 2004, <mask>, along with Brisbanite Sharon De Milo and Australian singer/guitarist, Sally De Jesus recorded and released the self-titled album Capital Expressway. Capital Expressway was recorded in four days and largely improvised. The CD contains original compositions, and has been described as "The Shaggs meet The Stooges".A San Francisco Indie Music Festival review panel described it in so many words, "It seems as though the band is purposefully singing and playing badly, so if this is the intention, why not make it worse?" Since 2006 a compilation series, Eden vol 1 and Eden vol 2, featuring <mask> musical highlights from the past 25 years has also been commercially available. In June 2006, <mask> moved to Orange County, in upstate New York recording and releasing a new CD, Singing Is A Hobby and a Waste of Time, which featured music]al content such as "Amish Man", "U Two Suck on Wheels" and "Welcome to the New Fascism" under a musical banner described as Psychedelic existential urban alternative rock. In Nov 2009 <mask> released "War is Peace" an album psychedelic comedy music, featuring the musical and instrumental contributions of fellow Australians now residing in the USA, Keith Glass and Randy Bulpin. John Cobbin and MaryAnne Slavich from Sydney, Australia contributed as well. In Dec 2006, at Federal Hall National Memorial in New York City <mask> became a United States citizen. In 2010 <mask> released "Tea First Then Sex", a 13 track CD of original compositions recorded at Granite Fortess an 1895 Romanesque style Frank Estabrook designed house, in Upstate New York.Several of these compositions were the result of an earlier project, with Keith Glass involving the poetry of John Laws, which was terminated for reasons unknown. Players on the CD include Randy Bulpin, and Keith Glass, who co-wrote several of the songs. In January 2011, under the nom-de-plume of Sabrage, <mask> released "This is Very Gay", a nine track Electronica/Dance CD on the IAW label. Tracks included "Frostcreep", "Velvet Cough" and "Strollermeat"
In January 2012 saw the release of "Great Wall of Sound", a completely instrumental project, recorded in Sydney Australia in 2000, and unreleased until the present time. August 2013 saw the release of "Per Sempre" <mask>'s 9th album. An album of "love" songs described as "like looking at a Diorama in a natural history museum". To coincide with its release, <mask> and the Imperfectionists.(Johnny Moonlight-guitar, Barry Divola -bass, Mary Anne Slavich -vocals and Tony Slavich- keyboards, and 'Bird' David Two Hill – drums), played a one-off show on 15 August 2013, at the Green Room Lounge in Enmore, NSW. In 2014 <mask>  and the Imperfectionists featuring the 2013 line up, minus MaryAnne and Tony Slavich, played a one-off show in August at the Petersham Bowling Club in Sydney Australia. This show was replicated in 2015 with the addition of Graham Osborn on guitar and vocals. On March 6, 2015 <mask> released 9, his tenth solo album. 2016 saw the release of <mask>'s 11th solo album, Uncivilization recorded at the Granite Fortress. Randy Bulpin played guitar on a two of the tracks. In November 2016, a limited pressing, live recording was made available by mail order only."Far Out Man - Live at the Fortress" Featuring <mask> on guitar and vocals, along with Randy Bulpin on guitar, Scott Kenyon, keyboards, Patrick O'Gorman drums, and Gary Ferraro bass. In 2017 it was decided that all further <mask> releases for the foreseeable future would be under the Far Out Man name. This coincided with the release of Far Out Man - Far Out, a ten track album of original songs, recorded at "The Fortress" in Upstate New York. In 2018 Far Out Man was effectively mothballed, and <mask> returned to eponymous releases with Insanity in 2019 and International Excellence in 2020. Discography

1979 <mask>'s Schizoprenia 4 track 7" EP Reverse Records
1980 The Armchairs – Ski Lo Lo 4 track 7" EP Reverse Records
1982 The Armchairs – Party Time!

masks:
Ian Stephen
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Stephen Cummings
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian Stephen
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian Stephen
Ian Stephen
Ian
Ian
Ian Stephen
Ian Stephen
Ian Stephen
Ian Stephen


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<mask> is a Bulgarian composer for film and television and a concert pianist. He performs on the piano and improvises in the styles of jazz, classical and world music. <mask>v's father was a concert trumpeter and his mother a concert pianist. In 1968, the Sofia Conservatorium suspended its age requirement of seven years of age to allow a 5-year-old Grigorov to begin his classical studies. In 1969, <mask>’s father took the opportunity to play in the Shah’s handpicked orchestra, and the family relocated for 6 years. <mask>’s tutelage in classical piano continued, and he was exposed to the sounds of the new culture he found himself surrounded by. In 1976, again for Mr. Grigorov’s symphony career, the family relocated, this time to East Germany.While finishing out the 1970s with a classical regimen, <mask> and family moved to Vienna where <mask> studied under renowned 20th century composer Thomas Christian David at the Vienna Conservatorium. In the early 1980s <mask> moved to Sydney, Australia where he took classes in electronic music and Jazz studies with Don Burrows. He worked with many Australian rock groups. He has lived in Iran, Austria, Australia, Bulgaria, Germany and USA, now resides between Berlin and London. Career

Grigorov began composing for television, commercials and film in Sydney, Australia. In 1992, Miles Goodman, a film composer helped <mask> relocate to the United States. Three days after Grigorov's move to Los Angeles an A&R executive from Warner Brothers Records, Bob James, heard him improvising in a music store and signed him to his first major-label recording contract.Grigorov then recorded his debut album Rhymes with Orange. Grigorov toured the album at Europe and North America supporting musicians such as Wynton Marsalis, Joshua Redman, Charlie Haden and Béla Fleck. His second album, Aria, a collaboration with Paul Schwartz, was released on 14 October 1997 by Astor Place Records. Aria was a darker crossover with funk along with operatic themes from Carmen, The Magic Flute, Madame Butterfly and Dido and Aeneas. The album reached No. 4 on Billboard’s Top Classical Crossover chart. In 2000, Grigorov  began composing music for screen in United States.He is most recognized for his musical scores on films by director Lee Daniels. They worked together on Shadowboxer (2005), Tennessee (2008), Precious (2009) and The Paperboy (2012). In 2005 he opened his own commercial music company called Siblings Music, Inc. Siblings existed from 2005 - 2010 creating original music for the moving picture. For its duration, <mask> has selected immensely talented musicians to compose on behalf of the company. In 2011 he wrote the score for Patang by Indian director Prashant Bhargava which premiered at the same year Berlin International Film Festival, The Hopes and Dreams of Gazza Snell by director Brendan Donovan and three films by Leonardo Ricagni’s: 29 Palms, The Life Jacket is Under Your Seat and El Chevrolé, for which Grigorov received 'Best Original Score' at the Hamptons International Film Festival. In 2013, he won 'Best Music Feature' at the Massachusetts Independent Film Festival for his work on Susan Seidelman's Musical Chairs. In 2014 <mask> met with director David Yates and they worked together on Yates' film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.<mask> composed and co-wrote an original song, "Blind Pig", with J. K. Rowling, which was performed by Emmi. As a television film composer he wrote the musical score for Lifetime’s 2014 made for television films, Flowers in the Attic and Petals on the Wind. He continued to work with Lifetime on several other television movies including Harry and Meghan: A Royal Romance. <mask> also has provided the music several documentaries, including: Third Wave: A Volunteer Story presented by Sean Penn, the Anna Halprin biographical film Breath Made Visible by filmmaker Ruedi Gerber, and the war documentary Taxi to the Dark Side by Alex Gibney, which won a 2008 Academy Award for best Documentary. As well as being a composer and performer, <mask> is also an artist and creates two-handed symmetrical drawings. He combined his drawing style to his piano playing to develop an experimental type of keyboard play known as Mirror Tones. Filmography

 Glass (1989)
 Fear in America (1992 TV Movie documentary)
 This Won't Hurt a Bit (1993)
 A Song for You (1993 Short)
 Young at Hearts (1994)
 Edge City (1998)
 Razor's Edge (1999 Short)
 Here (2001 Short)
 29 Palms (2002)
 Grasp (2002 Short)
 The Life Jacket Is Under Your Seat (2002)
 The Americans (2004 Short)
 Rescue?

masks:
Mario Grigorov
Mario Grigoro
Mario
Mario
Grigorov
Mario
Mario
Mario
Mario
Mario
Mario Grigorov
Mario
Mario Grigorov


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<mask> (born August 15, 1970) is an American media executive. He is the co-CEO and Chairman of the entertainment production company Propagate. From 2007–2009, <mask> served as co-chairman of NBC Entertainment and Universal Media Studios. He is also an Emmy and Golden Globe-winning executive producer of such shows as The Office, Jane The Virgin, Ugly Betty, Marco Polo, The Tudors, The Biggest Loser,  and الآنسة فرح. Silverman also produced CW's praised No Tomorrow and Apple's first reality television show Planet of the Apps. On July 10, 2014, The Banff World Media Festival presented Silverman with the Award of Excellence in Digital Innovation. As of the fourth quarter 2016, Silverman's most recently released feature film Hands of Stone starring Edgar Ramirez, Robert De Niro and Usher, and was released theatrically in North America on August 26, 2016 through The Weinstein Company.Life and career
<mask> was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He was raised in a Reform Jewish family in Manhattan. <mask> is a 1992 magna cum laude graduate of Tufts University, where he majored in history and belonged to the Epsilon Theta chapter of the Theta Chi fraternity. His mother, Mary (Delson) <mask>, was an actress and programming executive whose career included employment at the Disney Channel, BBC, USA Network, Lifetime Television, and Court TV. His father, <mask>, is a music composer/arranger. He had summer internships at Warner Bros., and after college in 1993, worked at CBS and then worked for Brandon Tartikoff at New World Entertainment. He worked for the William Morris Agency starting in 1995; Silverman was in charge of the international packaging division, where he was the company's youngest division head, packaging more than 25 television series, including Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, The Weakest Link, Big Brother, and Queer as Folk.He worked for William Morris Agency until 2002, when he left to found Reveille. In 2007, <mask> received the P.T. Barnum Award from Tufts University for his exceptional work in the field of media and entertainment. <mask> is involved with multiple philanthropic endeavors, including Seeds of Peace, a group helping to foster peace among young people from adversarial cultures. In addition, <mask> sits on the Cedars-Sinai Hospital board of governors. Silverman also serves on the board of directors of Best Buddies, a non-profit organization dedicated to enhancing the lives of people with intellectual disabilities by providing guidance and integrated employment. In 2008, Silverman received an Honorary Rose for lifetime achievement the Rose d'Or ceremony.<mask> married Jennifer Cuoco, a real estate agent, in December 2010. Reveille
<mask> is the founder of Reveille, a television, film, and theater production and distribution company now owned by Shine Limited under News Corporation. He founded Reveille in 2002 in order to exploit international formats by selling them in the United States. Through his work at Reveille, he is the executive producer of such shows as NBC's The Office, The Restaurant, The Biggest Loser, and ABC's Ugly Betty, as well as several cable shows, including Nashville Star, on USA Network, 30 Days on FX, MTV's Parental Control and Date My Mom, Blow Out on Bravo, and House of Boateng on the Sundance Channel. Journalist Michael Wolff wrote a 2001 profile of <mask> in New York Magazine a year before he founded Reveille. "In some sense, he's like those boy geniuses of the eighties and nineties who invented new financial instruments -- junk bonds and derivatives and whatnot. The discovery and marketing of a new format is really like that.It's creating something that is negotiable and transferable and that people believe in deeply -- it solves all their problems. Now, obviously, there is a certain obsolescence to these formats (with junk bonds you had inevitable bankruptcies). And <mask>, of course, is already searching the world for new formats. Variety shows might be a possibility," Wolff wrote. NBC

<mask> was named co-chairman of NBC Entertainment in 2007 (along with Marc Graboff), succeeding Kevin Reilly. That same year, <mask> was the first producer since Norman Lear, 34 years earlier, to have two shows nominated for an Emmy in the best comedy category (The Office and Ugly Betty). He is credited for his role in saving the critically acclaimed but low-rated NBC drama Friday Night Lights by striking an innovative deal with DirecTV.The satellite television provider agreed to take on a substantial amount of the show's production budget in exchange for exclusive first-window airing rights on its 101 channel. NBC would then repurpose the episodes to be aired on the network later in the season. Electus
On July 27, 2009, <mask> announced he was leaving NBC to form a new company, Electus, with Barry Diller's IAC/InterActiveCorp that will produce and distribute programs across media platforms, for television, the Web and mobile devices. As part of its inception, IAC partnered Electus with the interactive comedy portal CollegeHumor. In January 2010, <mask> and Electus partnered with Jason Bateman and Will Arnett to launch their sponsor-driven advertising and digital production company DumbDumb. Electus also has partnerships with 5x5 and DiGa. On May 8, 2014, The CW announced a first season order for <mask>'s new television show Jane The Virgin.On July 8, 2019, MBC 4 announced a first season order for <mask>'s new television show Al Anisa Farah. Acting roles
<mask> had a cameo appearance in the first episode of the fifth season of the television show Entourage. Silverman read a single line in which he expressed annoyance at Johnny Drama wasting his time. Silverman appeared in four episodes during the ninth season of the television show The Office, starting with "Here Comes Treble"; he played Isaac, one of Jim's business partners. Credits

References

External links

 "TV's Hot Property", Tufts e-news, July 02, 2003
 "Like Mother, Like Son - And Made for TV"
 "Meet <mask>'s Boring Successor"

1970 births
Living people
American reality television producers
American Reform Jews
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
NBC executives
People from Pittsfield, Massachusetts
People from Manhattan
Presidents of NBC Entertainment
Tufts University alumni
Television producers from New York City
American chief executives

masks:
Benjamin Noah Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Stanley Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Ben
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Silverman
Ben


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<mask> (born Jona(s) Leib: 26 March 1901 - 2 January 1982) was an Austrian-German left-wing political activist. In 1933 he switched his party membership from the Social Democratic Party to the Communist Party. During the fascist ascendancy he participated in the Spanish Civil War as an anti-Franco Interbrigadist and later, in the Great Patriotic War, served as an officer in the Soviet Red Army. Between the two he studied successfully for a higher degree at the University of Moscow, receiving his Habilitation degree in 1940 in return for a dissertation of Contemporary Catholicism. Emerging from the war in 1945, almost certainly by now closely networked with members of Soviet military intelligence, and more committed than ever to Soviet-style communism, he made his home in occupied Vienna where he taught at the university. In 1950 he relocated to the newly launched Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany), taking East German citizenship in 1952. He made his home at Halle, accepting a teaching position at the university and quickly becoming one of the best known Marxist historians in the country.Between 1953 and 1959 he served as University Rector (Chief Officer and Administrator) at the merged (since 1817) Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Life and works

Provenance and early years
Jonas Leib <mask> was born into a large Jewish family at Voloka, a village near Czernowitz (as Chernivtsi was then known). Today (since 1991) the region is part of Ukraine, but at the time of Leib's birth it was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire: between (approximately) 1920 and the Second World War it was part of Romania. His father, Zalman <mask> (1861-1901/2), is described as a farmer-businessman. Jonas was the youngest of his parents' twelve recorded children born between 1888 and 1901. His three elder brothers included the communist activists <mask> (1896–1954), believed to have worked for Soviet intelligence in China the United States, and Wolfgang "Wolf" <mask> (1897–1961), a military historian. (The fourth of the brothers, Dr. Filipp <mask>, left less of a footprint in the historical record of twentieth century political activism.)1901 (applying the Gregorian calendar) was the year both of the <mask>'s birth and of his father's death. The region in which he was born and grew up was an impoverished one. Jonas Leib grew up with his mother, born Henriette "Yetty" Korn (1863-1934) and siblings, in circumstances of some poverty. At the age of ten he was already working in order to pay for his own schooling, doing odd jobs and tutoring. His school costs were also subsidised by means of a small bursary. Despite the financial pressures he attended both elementary and secondary schools at Czernowitz, passing his Matura (school graduation exam) in 1921. By that time he had already, in 1918, joined the Young Socialists.Vienna
On leaving school he moved to Vienna, registering his residency in the Austrian capital on 14 October 1921. It was normal across the Austrian empire for citizens to register their place of residence with the local town hall: he registered under the name "Jonas Leib" and entered his citizenship as Romanian, reflecting recent frontier changes. More intriguingly, when registering his residency he gave his religion as Muslim and his mother tongue as German There is also a reference in at least one source to his having worked as a middle-school teacher on conclusion of his school career, which probably reflected the need to "work his way" through his university-level education. Directly after registering his residency he enrolled for what turned out to be a four-year lower and higher degree course at the University Faculty of Laws and Political Sciences, in time for the winter term of 1921/22. He studied Jurisprudence, Applied Economics (Nationalökonomie) and History. It was also in 1921 that <mask> became a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ). According to <mask>'s own later recollection, the three professors at the University of Vienna who most influenced his thinking and future course were the philosopher-historian Carl Grünberg (1861-1940), the jurist-politician Max Adler (1873-1937) and the noted legal scholar Hans Kelsen (1881-1973).From a Marxist perspective, the politics of the university were overwhelmingly "Bourgeois" and conservative. Grünberg, Adler and Kelsen stood out as professors around whom the relatively few left-wing students tended to gravitate. Having obtained his residency permit in 1921, on 23 September 1923 he took citizenship from the city authorities, and then on 2 October 1923 took the vow that made him a citizen of Austria. At this point he gave his residence as Porzellangasse 53, in the "Vienna 9" (Alsergrund) quarter, a five-minute walk from the university main building. In 1925 <mask> earned his doctorate ("Doctor rerum politicarum") with a dissertation on the modalities of Mercantilism. This work was supervised by Carl Grünberg. He now stayed on at the university, working as a personal research assistant for Max Adler till 1932.He combined this with a teaching job at the Adult Education Centre in Vienna between 1927 and 1934. There are various references to his having engaged during this period as an education advisor to the "Free Trades Unions" organisation. In addition, between 1926 and 1934, <mask> headed up the "Marxism Study Group" ("Marxistische Studiengemeinschaft") at the university department of Socio-economics. He taught a number of one and two years courses on various related topics, falling under the broad subject areas of "Sociology" and "Applied Economics". Much of the same teaching material also turned up in his contributions on political-history to left-wing political journals and magazines, such as "Der Kampf", "Arbeit und Wirtschaft", "Die Weltbühne" and "Internationale Rundschau". They were published not under a name by which he was commonly known, but using one of three pseudonyms: F. Schneider, L. Taylor and L. Hofmeister. He also found time to continue with his own academic studies, passing his "Absolutorium" (government higher-level jurisprudence exam) in 1927 or 1928, and then pursuing his researches "on the state theory of Marxism" in preparation for a dissertation intended to lead to a habilitation degree.<mask> was also engaged in terms of more direct political involvement. As in much of the rest of Europe, so in Austria, the later 1920s were a period of intensifying political polarisation both among the politicians in Vienna and on the streets, and the tensions were only exacerbated by the economic austerity that arrived as part of the powerful backwash of the Wall Street Crash. In 1927 <mask> was still a member of the Social Democratic Party, although he was regarded by many, including himself, as part of the party's extreme left-wing. He participated in the 1927 "July revolt", teaming up with his comrade Ernst Fischer with whom he worked closely. Later, probably during the early or middle 1930s, there would be a spectacular falling out between the two men. Although for many years, out of respect for party discipline, <mask> set aside or concealed his dislike of his former partner in activist politics, it is clear from a letter that he wrote in 1968 to Eduard Rabofsky (1911-1994), that under the surface, <mask>'s mistrust and loathing of Fischer persisted. At the government level, during 1933 events in Austria broadly tracked those in Germany.In March 1933 all three speakers of the National Council (the principal power-house of the Austrian parliament) resigned and Chancellor Dollfuss determined that parliament had eliminated itself. Opposition parties proved ineffectual in their attempts to re-establish parliamentary governance, and government by decree became the default mechanism for controlling the country. A rapid slide towards post-democratic "Austro-Fascism" followed. Among Social Democratic Party activists there was intense frustration at the seeming unwillingness or inability of the party leadership to prevent this political catastrophe; and there was a growing view, especially on the left of the party, that when it came to preparations for defending workers' rights in a fascist state, the Communist Party was organising itself more effectively than the SPÖ. Throughout much of 1933 <mask> seems to have been in touch with Communist Party activists in Vienna, and in October of that year he made the switch, quitting the SPÖ and joining the KPÖ. A number of workers, students and intellectuals in his immediate circle followed his example. The move came shortly after an ideological and political break between <mask> and his old mentor, Max Adler.<mask> would remain an influential member of the Austrian Communist Party till 1950, though for most of that time he would be exiled, like many Austrian Communist leaders and other politically engaged comrades, in Moscow. In 1934 it was, accordingly, as a Communist that <mask> took part, in Vienna, in the brief but intensely brutal February uprising. Sources are largely silent as to the nature of his contribution. He was arrested and taken into police detention on 18 February 1934. At some stage during the next five months he was moved to a section of the vast former munitions factory at Wöllersdorf (a short distance to the south of Vienna) that had been converted the previous year into a detention camp. After his release, which took place on 15 July 1934, <mask> returned to his "party work", which by this point had become unambiguously illegal. He worked in the party "Agitation Department", based in the study-library of the Vienna Chamber of Labour (AK), supported by the pioneer of "Popular Education" ("Volksbildung"), Viktor Matejka (1901-1993).Meanwhile the party sustained an "underground" organisation structure into which <mask> was drawn, becoming at some stage Head of the Propaganda Department of the Party Central Committee. There was always an element of uncertainty as to how much or how little the authorities knew about <mask>'s secret party work, but in the early Autumn/Fall of 1935, believing him to be in danger of imminent police arrest, the party leaders, who were by this time themselves based in Czechoslovakia, ordered <mask> to join them in Prague. This he did in October 1935. Prague
<mask> remained in Prague for slightly more than half a year, during which he authored a work on "the left-wing opposition from within the Social Democratic Party of Austria" In May 1936, again in compliance with party instructions, he emigrated again, this time to the Soviet Union. Although Russia would be his home base for almost ten years, his initial stay there would be relatively brief. Moscow
In Moscow he was accommodated in the famous Hotel Lux, a large luxury hotel opened in 1911 as the "Hotel Franzija" ("Гостиница Франция"), and subsequently further enlarged. By the time of <mask>'s arrival it had become home to large numbers of political exiles and (in some cases) their families.Most had fled from Germany in the aftermath of 1933. Other nationalities were already well represented among the "guests", however, including Austrians, and the hotel was by this time being used as an informal headquarters location for exiled communist parties from various countries in central and western Europe. <mask> as well as two of his three brothers, Manfred and <mask>, all lived at the Hotel Lux during the later 1930s. During this time he was employed as a tutor-lecturer at the International Lenin School. He combined this with work in the press department of the Comintern; and he contributed as an "editor" in respect of new German language versions of "classic works" of "Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism". Spanish Civil War
Following a basic military training he volunteered or was seconded for military service with the anti-Franco International Brigades, set up a year earlier by the Communist International to assist the Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic. <mask> served in Spain with the Soviet brigades between January 1937 and April 1938.Few details are available of <mask>'s contributions during the Spanish Civil War: according to at least one source <mask>, <mask> and <mask> (identified in Comintern communications of the time under the code name "Fred") all participated as military intelligence officers. Back to Moscow
The dictator's paranoia was at its peak when <mask> was recalled to Moscow, early in 1938: he had good reason to be apprehensive. Many comrades who had escaped from political or race driven persecution in Germany and Austria earlier in the decade were being summarily arrested by the authorities and shot or deported to concentration camps far away from Moscow. <mask>'s elder brother Manfred returned to Moscow at around the same time, only to be arrested and, in May 1939, condemned to fifteen years of hard labour: in February 1954 <mask> died in a Soviet labour camp three months short of the fifteenth anniversary of his conviction. Fate, or Stalin's security services, dealt less brutally with <mask>, however. He was employed, till the end of 1939, by the "Publisher for International Literature" as an "Editor for Classics of Marxism-Leninism". As before, this was combined with work in the press department of the Comintern.Professor? According to sources that take their lead from official information made available after 1949 by the East German Socialist Unity Party, during or soon after 1940 <mask> received his habilitation (higher university degree), which would have opened the way to a full professorship and, under normal circumstances, a life-long

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