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<mask> (1866–1934) F.A.C.S., was a Canadian gynaecologist. He was Dean of Medicine at Université de Montréal, the second campus of Université Laval. He was President of the Medical Union of Canada, President of the Hôpital Notre-Dame and President of the Radium Institute, Paris. His reputation as an educator and a surgeon extended throughout North America and Europe, recognised through his creation as an Officier de Le Légion d'honneur in France. He has been referred to as the 'Father of Canadian Gynaecology'. Early life

Born at the Manor of Vaudreuil, he was the son of the Hon. Henry Stanislas Harwood and his wife Josephine Sydney Brauneis, daughter of Jean-Chrysostome Brauneis II.He was a nephew of Antoine Chartier <mask> Harwood, Robert Harwood and Sir Henri Elzéar Taschereau; and, a first cousin of the wife of Major-General Sir Sam Steele. Educated at the Séminaire de Ste-Thérèse and afterwards at the Séminaire de Rigaud. In 1890, <mask>-Harwood graduated in medicine from Université Laval, Quebec City. In 1894, he went to Europe to take a course of advanced studies, particularly gynaecology. In France, he had the opportunity to study under, and serve as the assistant to, Samuel Jean <mask>, who was then France's foremost gynaecologist and would remain his mentor. Career
Returning to Montreal in 1896, <mask>-Harwood was appointed assistant gynaecologist at the Hôpital Notre-Dame under Dr Brennan, until Brennan's death in 1903 when he became the head gynaecologist. During World War I, he was the moving spirit in the patriotic effort that resulted in the foundation of the General Military Hospital of Laval located at Joinville-le-Pont near Paris.He was widely regarded as the accredited international link between the English and French members of his profession, and France rewarded him for this by making him an Officer of the Légion d'honneur. He was one of the promoters of the conference of French-speaking members of the medical profession which was first held in Montreal and was attended by all the prominent French doctors of the day in Europe and North America. He held several the prominent office: Dean of the Medical Faculty of University of Montreal (1918); Professor of Gynaecology at the University of Montreal; Superintendent of the University Council; President of the Hôpital Notre-Dame; President of the Radium Institute, Paris; corresponding Secretary of the Surgical Society of Paris; Vice-President of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; Vice-President of the Association of French-speaking Doctors of North America; Fellow of the American College of Surgeons; member of the General Board of Examiners; President of the Medical Union of Canada and vice-president of the Cercle Universitaire. He was a director of and a contributor to L'Union Medicale du Canada for fifteen years. A contemporary at the University of Montreal (where some described him as the 'Father of Canadian Gynaecology') said of him,

A charming man, never reading, in no way devoted to letters, he yet possessed an untiring activity, a great ambition, a talent for action and government which made him a remarkable dean. One need not look for his writings, he wrote little. One need not analyse his teaching, he made scarcely more of this.But, with the help of his friends, he reorganised the Faculty of Medicine, accomplished the reconstruction of the Notre-Dame Hospital, and in the direction of the University of Montreal, he took a leading part... His charm and his distinguished manners had gained for him the respect of every one whom he met. His high stature, the dignity of his bearing, the distinction of his gesture commanded general attention... a gentleman with all the meaning that this word implies... Gifted with great executive ability, a nimble mind, tact and unusual charm of manner, he would seem to have been destined for pre-eminence in any station. Family

His chief pastime was farming and cattle breeding. He was vice-president of the Holstein (cattle) Breeders Association of Quebec, and his farm where he lived at Vaudreuil, Het Loo, was noted for its fine herd of Holstein-Friesen cattle. He was married three times. In 1891, he married his cousin, Marie-Berthe-Adéline Masson (1871-1904), daughter of Henri Masson (1836-1880) and Coralie Globensky, niece of Lt.-Colonel Maximilien Globensky.She was a granddaughter of Joseph Masson of Château de Terrebonne, and the stepdaughter of another of his relations, Sir Henri-Thomas Taschereau, brother of <mask>-Alexandre Taschereau, Prime Minister of Quebec. She died while travelling in Europe at Paris. They were the parents of two sons (Robert and Joseph Henri Masson <mask>biniere-Harwood) and two daughters, Mrs Jean-Georges Bernard <mask>uedoc and Mrs <mask> Clouston Porteous, both of Montreal, Quebec. Colonel Porteous was a first cousin through his mother's family, the Drurys, of Lady Beaverbrook. Next, he married another cousin, Catherine Delphine <mask>-MacDonald of Alexandria, Ontario. His third wife, Marie-Berthe Brosseau (1883-1958), was a cousin of his first wife, daughter of Joseph Brosseau and <mask> Castonguay. She had three children by him: William, Pierre and Marie-Berthe <mask> Harwood.His youngest daughter was married twice: Firstly at Montreal to William Campbell James Meredith; secondly in London, to Cyril Bertram Mills (1902–1991). Dr <mask> Harwood is buried with his three wives and two eldest daughters at the Mount Royal Cemetery. References

See also
Dr L<mask>. Harwood Prefers Developing Institutions Already in Operation, 1925
Montreal Lauded as Example of Two Races Living in Harmony Under One Flag, 1929
City Welcomes French Doctors, 1930
Inauguration of Notre Dame Addition Attracts Distinguished Citizens, 1932
American College of Physicians in Convention Here, 1933

Canadian gynaecologists
1866 births
1934 deaths
Canadian people of German descent
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
19th-century Canadian physicians
20th-century Canadian physicians
Burials at Mount Royal Cemetery

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<mask> (March 2, 1981 – August 13, 2010) was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he performed under the ring names <mask> and <mask>. After being trained by Shawn Michaels, <mask> made his debut in 1999 and worked in Japan before being signed to a developmental contract by WWE. He was assigned to Memphis Championship Wrestling, and later Heartland Wrestling Association, before ending up in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) in 2003. In OVW, he formed a tag team with Mark Jindrak, and they were promoted to the Raw brand in June 2003. In 2004, the team split up, and <mask> took time off after a knee injury, before returning to Raw with new tag partner Trevor Murdoch. The pair teamed together for almost three years before they broke up in May 2008.<mask> then entered a storyline with Chris Jericho and Michaels, however, he was released in October 2008. <mask> was a three-time World Tag Team Champion with Murdoch in WWE, and has also held the HWA Heavyweight Championship and HWA Tag Team Championship with both Steve Bradley and Mike Sanders. He was a one-time TWA Television Champion in the Texas Wrestling Alliance. Professional wrestling career

Early career (1999–2001)
<mask> started his wrestling career by becoming a student of Shawn Michaels at the Shawn Michaels Wrestling Academy in San Antonio, Texas in 1999. <mask> and fellow wrestler Bryan Danielson went to Japan on December 1, 1999. They competed in Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). <mask> and Danielson worked as a tag team for a while before they went their separate ways; <mask> stayed in FMW and faced off against Extreme Championship Wrestling wrestler Balls Mahoney in tag team matches and a three-way dance against another FMW wrestler.<mask> left FMW after he was defeated by Mahoney in a three-way dance on February 25, 2000, also involving Crazy Boy. World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment (2001–2008)

Heartland Wrestling Association (2001–2002)
After <mask> signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), he was sent to Memphis Championship Wrestling in 2001. During the summer of that same year, he was moved to Les Thatcher's Heartland Wrestling Association (HWA). <mask> quickly formed a tag-team with Surfer Cody Hawk, but the team split after only a few months when <mask> joined the World Championship Wrestling camp in HWA's Invasion angle. <mask> aligned with Mike Sanders, a former WCW wrestler. The downfall of the team came on February 13, 2002, when <mask> and Mike Sanders defeated Val Venis and Steve Bradley to win the HWA Tag-Team titles. <mask> and Sanders broke up that very day, and the titles were vacated.The next week, <mask> faced Sanders and defeated him in a singles match, giving <mask> the belts. <mask> then chose Steve Bradley to be his new partner. However, <mask> and Bradley had problems defeating WWF competition, as Hugh Morrus and Raven defeated on March 12, 2002 for the titles. <mask> and Bradley, however, won the HWA Tag Titles three days later. In April 2002, <mask>'s first HWA tag-team partner returned, as Cody Hawk and the Ice Cream Man defeated <mask> and Bradley for the tag-team titles. <mask> and Bradley tried for the next month to get the titles back, even winning a tag team championship contendership match to get another shot, but never managed to get the titles back. On May 19, 2002, <mask> defeated Johnny the Bull to become the HWA Heavyweight Champion.<mask> defended the title for 2 months before Johnny the Bull won the title back on July 20. On the same night, however, <mask> defeated Johnny in a second match, becoming the 2-time Heavyweight Champion. This reign lasted only one day, as <mask>, lost his title to Cody Hawk. Ohio Valley Wrestling (2003–2004)
During the summer of 2002, the HWA was dropped as a developmental territory by the renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), but <mask> was transferred over to WWE's main developmental company, Ohio Valley Wrestling when he signed a developmental contract in 2003. <mask> continued to search for a strong tag-team partner to work with. He found René Duprée and both joined Kenny Bolin's Bolin Services. The two worked as a tag-team throughout most of their stay in OVW.In the OVW Tag Team Championship Tournament contested in February/March 2003, <mask> and Duprée defeated Matt Morgan and BJ Payne, but could not beat the Disciples of Synn in the finals. <mask> and Duprée had another shot at Spring Break-Out 2003, but the current champions at the time were WWE regulars The APA, and <mask> and Duprée could not overcome the odds. Mark Jindrak later joined Bolin Services. Duprée appeared in WWE only a few weeks after their title shot. <mask> continued tagging with Mark Jindrak, but was promoted to the Raw brand in June 2003 under the name, <mask>. Teaming with Mark Jindrak; return to Ohio Valley Wrestling (2003–2005)

<mask> debuted on an episode of Sunday Night Heat against <mask> on June 1, who forced him to submit to the Sharpshooter. The next week on Raw, he faced Storm in a re-match.Stone Cold Steve Austin came out interrupted, chanting the word "Boring", and Storm became distracted, allowing <mask> to sneak in and get the victory. Soon afterwards, <mask> again found a tag-team partner in Mark Jindrak and began to challenge for the World Tag Team Championship. The belts were being held by former <mask> ally René Duprée and his new partner Sylvain Grenier, a unit collectively known as La Résistance. Over the next few months, <mask> and Jindrak fought against many different teams, from La Resistance and the face gimmicks of the Dudley Boyz to battles against the top heels on Raw, Evolution. The duo also formed a semi-partnership with then babyface, Maven, helping each other out on occasion. <mask> and Jindrak soon began to be known more for their cheating ways, however, rather than their abilities. This led them to turn heel and be entered into the Tag-Team Turmoil Match at Armageddon for the World Tag Team Championship.They came in from the crowd when their turn hit and quickly rolled up The Hurricane to eliminate him and Rosey. <mask> and Jindrak next faced a face gimmick of <mask> and Val Venis, and <mask> tripped up Venis from the outside on a suplex attempt, then held onto Venis' legs while Jindrak made the pinfall. The next team to come down were the Dudley Boyz, who eventually took out Jindrak with the 3-D to eliminate the boys. The duo got some revenge, though, attacking the Dudley Boyz after the match before leaving, making it harder for the Dudley Boyz to come out victorious (which they did not, losing at the end to then heels, Ric Flair and Batista). Going into 2004, <mask> and Jindrak continued to work together as a team, firmly entrenched in the mid-card ranks. The team got a win in March 2004, when they defeated Hurricane and Rosey to earn a shot at the World Tag Team Championship at WrestleMania XX. <mask> and Jindrak  entered a four-way tag match against the champions, then babyface, Booker T and Rob Van Dam, and the other two competing teams, La Résistance and the Dudley Boyz.<mask> and Jindrak lost the match, though, after Rob Van Dam pinned Rob Conway. After Jindrak was drafted to the SmackDown! brand, <mask> briefly associated himself with Jonathan Coachman, helping Coachman get a win over Tajiri at Backlash. <mask> later teamed up with Coachman at Vengeance to take on the debuting team of Rhyno and Tajiri. <mask> and Coachman lost the match, and <mask> was taken off WWE television after an injury in July 2004. While off WWE television for quite some time, <mask> returned to OVW in 2005 under his former ring name <mask> in order begin a return to the main roster. <mask> sided with The Blueprint Matt Morgan and Vengeance against the OVW Heavyweight Champion Elijah Burke.In February 2005, <mask> took on Burke in a $5,000 Bounty Match, but was defeated. <mask> faded into the background for the next few weeks, eventually making his return to the ring at the June 3 OVW Summer Sizzler Series 2005 show, taking on Al Snow. While <mask> brought his cowboy hat with him, Snow brought Head, routinely turning to the mannequin head for guidance. During the match, when <mask> was knocked to the outside, Snow destroyed <mask>'s hat, stomping on it. This made the match more personal to <mask>, but in the end, Snow knocked out <mask> with Head, getting the victory. Later on that night, <mask> interfered in the Brent Albright/Elijah Burke OVW Heavyweight Title match, with <mask> attacking the champion, Albright. The two foes had a  No Disqualification, Loser Must Tap Out  Match at the OVW Summer Sizzler Series 2005 show on June 17, 2005.<mask> tried to pin Albright early in the match. The ref did not allow it, causing a shoving match between the two. Later in the match, Albright got his Crowbar submission on <mask>, but <mask> escaped, then appeared to be leaving, with Albright chasing him down. Albright got the Crowbar applied on <mask> again, right on the ramp. With nowhere to go, <mask> was forced to tap, losing to Albright. Teaming with Trevor Murdoch (2005–2008)

On August 22, 2005 a promo was shown on Raw showcasing a long-haired <mask>, who was soon to be returning with tag team partner Trevor Murdoch. The promo showed <mask> and Murdoch portraying rednecks, with <mask> (who retained his real first name) playing the role of a smooth-talking cowboy while Murdoch was depicted as an angry Southern trucker.<mask> and Murdoch debuted as a team on Raw on September 5, 2005. They defeated the World Tag Team Champions, Hurricane and Rosey in a non-title match. This earned them a World Tag Team title shot at Unforgiven. During the title match, Murdoch delivered an elevated DDT on The Hurricane to the outside. The DDT caused Hurricane to suffer a kayfabe stinger. It also allowed <mask> and Murdoch to defeat Hurricane and Rosey for the World Tag Team championships. They defended against random teams on Raw for the next month before losing the titles to Big Show and Kane at Taboo Tuesday.After losing in a rematch on the November 7 episode of Raw, <mask> and Murdoch began to be squashed by other tag teams, before wrestling singles matches. On the November 28 episode of Raw, it was announced that <mask> and Murdoch had parted ways as a tag team. The next week, <mask> debuted with the gimmick of a  "Refined Southern Gentleman," wearing new tights with rhinestones on them as well as his new jacket he wore to the ring. <mask> was relegated to Heat, making very few appearances on Raw at the end of 2005. He had a chance to get into the 2006 Royal Rumble, competing with Rob Conway and Gregory Helms against the Big Show in a  Second Chance Battle Royal. However, The Big Show won the spot in the Rumble. Eventually, the <mask> and Murdoch tandem reformed as they were seen helping Chris Masters and Carlito attack Kane.On the edition of April 14 of Heat, it was announced that <mask> and Murdoch were reuniting as a tag team after Murdoch helped <mask> defeat Goldust. <mask> also debuted another slight change with wet hair and shorter tights with a design similar to when he was teaming with Murdoch. On the edition of May 19 of Heat <mask> and Murdoch officially reformed their tag team by facing and defeating Charlie Haas and Viscera. <mask> and Murdoch next entered a short-lived feud against D-Generation X (Triple H and Shawn Michaels). It started when <mask> and Murdoch ambushed Shawn Michaels and Triple H, before Triple H's match with Vince McMahon on the September 11 episode of Raw. <mask> and Murdoch continued to battle DX, until they were defeated in a street fight, ending the feud on the October 9 episode of Raw. After biding much of their time on Raw's sister show Heat, <mask> and Murdoch began a feud in April with World Tag Team Champions The Hardys, leading to their title match at Backlash, which The Hardys won.In the storyline, <mask> and Murdoch suddenly gained a great deal of respect for The Hardys and began to praise their abilities. The Hardys then began an alliance with <mask> and Murdoch. Despite the alliance, <mask> and Murdoch faced The Hardys in a rematch at Judgment Day which The Hardys won. On the edition of June 4 of Raw, <mask> and Murdoch were given another shot at the World Tag Team Championship against The Hardys and were successful, becoming two time World Tag Team Champions. When <mask> made the pin on Jeff Hardy, Hardy's foot was on the ropes but was pushed off by Murdoch. After the match, when Matt Hardy argued with <mask> and Murdoch, they attacked Matt and Jeff with the tag belts, becoming heels again. At Vengeance: Night of Champions, <mask> and Murdoch defeated the Hardys to retain the gold after <mask> pinned Jeff.<mask> along with Murdoch lost the titles at a house show on September 5 to Paul London and Brian Kendrick on a South Africa tour. Later on, in that same tour, <mask> and Murdoch won the titles back. After 93 days, their third reign came to an end on December 10 at the Raw XV anniversary, when they lost the championship to the team of Hardcore Holly and Cody Rhodes. On December 28, <mask> separated his shoulder at a house show in Atlanta, and was inactive for the next month. <mask> made his return, teaming with Murdoch, on the February 4 episode of Raw, in a losing effort to Holly and Rhodes. Late in April 2008, Murdoch began to develop a country singing gimmick. On the May 12 episode of Raw, <mask> turned on Murdoch following a "victory song," punching Murdoch in the face twice, ending the partnership.The two faced off on the edition of June 2, 2008 of Raw, with <mask> getting the victory to end their feud. Alliance with Chris Jericho; departure (2008)
<mask> formed an alliance with Chris Jericho on the June 16 airing of Raw when he assisted Jericho in laying out John Cena and Triple H. In the following weeks, <mask> began accompanying Jericho to the ring for his matches, becoming a protégé of sorts and aiding him in his feud with Shawn Michaels. <mask> claimed that, being a former protégé of Michaels, he was not going to wait for him to turn on him like Michaels did several past partners. At a Raw house show in early August, <mask> suffered a broken nose in a match against Paul London, who was also busted open as a result of a botched move. <mask> returned to in-ring action on Raw on September 22 in a handicap match with Jericho and John "Bradshaw" Layfield, defeating Michaels and Batista, with <mask> pinning his former mentor. Michaels would then defeat <mask> one-on-one in a no disqualification match on the October 6 episode, in what was <mask>'s last appearance. On October 14, 2008, <mask> was released from his WWE contract.Jim Ross later stated that "he made a major league mistake while utilizing bad judgment" and that it was instrumental to his departure. Ross referenced <mask> having a seizure on a plane and needing emergency medical care as a part of this:

Independent circuit (2008–2010)

Less than a week after <mask>'s release, he began accepting bookings with Trevor Murdoch as a team on the independent circuit, including Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South as well as NWA Showcase. <mask> returned to Japan in December 2008 teaming with his former tag team partner René Duprée for Hustle on December 24 and 25. They appeared as masked wrestlers, Dyna and Might Sharpe, a parody of the Sharpe Brothers. The team defeated Tenyru and Koshinaka both nights. Five nights later they had their third and final match with Tenyru and Koshinaka and HUSTLEMANIA in a losing effort. <mask> returned as "Cowboy" <mask>, his former WWE character, on February 19 at Korakuen Hall to defeat the tag team of Tajiri and Akebono when <mask> pinned Tajiri.On February 22, <mask> defeated Akebono in a singles match in the main event of Hustle's debut show in Chiba, Japan. <mask> was scheduled to face NWA North American Heavyweight Champion Apollo in an NWA On Fire event on August 22, 2009, but was unable to attend due to a family emergency. He wrestled Trevor Murdoch at a World Stars of Wrestling event in September 2009. In September 2009, <mask> was re-signed by WWE, appearing in its developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling, but was released in April 2010 without returning to the main roster. All Japan Pro Wrestling (2010)

In May 2010, <mask> began wrestling for All Japan Pro Wrestling, where he joined the Voodoo Murders stable. At the time of his death he had been scheduled to challenge for the World Tag Team Championship alongside René Duprée. Personal life
McNaught married Tanya Gonzalez on June 14, 2000, but they divorced on May 16, 2006.He had two daughters, Natallye and Laryssa and a stepson named Brian. Tanya is the daughter of wrestler Black Gordman. In January 2010, McNaught attended rehabilitation, and completed a 30-day program in February. Death

McNaught died on August 13, 2010, at the age of 29 of apparent heart failure in San Antonio, Texas. His ex-wife Tanya had noticed that he was not looking well in the week prior to his death. He was taken to a hospital on August 10, 2010, with difficulty breathing, but discharged himself the next day. Two months later, on October 13, 2010, a staffer of the San Antonio medical examiner said he had accidentally died from "mixed drug intoxication, complicating a cardiomyopathy".A "<mask> Tribute Show" took place on March 5, 2011, at the Texas Wrestling Academy Gym in San Antonio. Championships and accomplishments

Heartland Wrestling Association
HWA Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
HWA Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Steve Bradley (2) and Mike Sanders (1)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 80 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008
Texas Wrestling Alliance
TWA Television Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Entertainment
World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Trevor Murdoch

See also
 <mask> and Trevor Murdoch
 List of premature professional wrestling deaths
 Voodoo Murders

References

External links

1981 births
2010 deaths
American male professional wrestlers
Drug-related deaths in Texas
People from Carroll, Iowa
Professional wrestlers from Iowa

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Lance Kurtis McNaught
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<mask><mask><mask> (born 9 September 1951, Schinnen) is a full professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Directeur de recherche at Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie (LPP), CNRS/Sorbonne-Nouvelle in Paris. He is Editor-in-Chief of Probus International, the Journal of Latin and Romance Linguistics. Wetzels has received numerous research grants, most recently a VU University research grant for an AIO-project on Aymara Morphophonology and the NWO internationalization grant which aims at constructing an international cooperation network in the area of Amerindian languages and cultures involving the chair of Amazonian Languages at the VU, the Centre d'Etudes des Langues Indigènes d'Amérique, CNRS, Paris, the Leiden Centre for Amerindian Studies, the Anthropology department of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil, and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (National Institute for Amazonian Studies), Manaus, Brazil. Research projects
Wetzels is involved in a variety of research projects, most prominent is the one which regards nasal harmony systems. The project aims at establishing the phonological and morphological parameters that are crosslinguistically involved in long-distance nasal spreading. As part of the project, a digital database (NASDAT) was developed by Rob Goedemans (Leiden University) George N. Clements (CNRS, Paris), and <mask> himself. The NASDAT database will be made accessible to the international linguistic community via its website.In another of his projects, <mask> and Sérgio Meira (Leiden University) present a comprehensive survey and theoretical discussion of the word-prosodic systems of the indigenous languages of South America. The study will be published as a chapter of Rob Goedemans (Leiden University) and Harry van der Hulst (University of Connecticut) to appear, Stress Systems in the Languages of the World. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter. In his efforts to complete the reconstruction of Proto-Nambikwara Sound Structure, Januacele da Costa (Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil) and Wetzels presented a comparative sketch (in terms of phonology, morphology, and syntax) of the Nambikwara languages of Brazil and propose a reconstruction of the Proto-Nambikwara sound system as well as a Proto-Nambikwara lexicon. The study is meant as a contribution to the comparative and historical linguistics of the Amerindian languages. The research on comparative Nambikwara is part of the larger project supervised by <mask>dê (S. Telles) and Sabanê (G. Antunes) are completed and published. Wetzels was elected to the Academy of Europe in 2019. Publications
Wetzels has a number of publications, a chronicological overview of some highlights is given below. 1985. ’The Historical Phonology of Intrusive Stops: a Non-Linear Approach,’ Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 30,3: 285–333. 1986. ‘Phonological Timing in Ancient Greek’, in: <mask> & Engin Sezer (eds.), Studies in Compensatory Lengthening. Dordrecht, Foris: 296–344. 1995. ‘Mid-Vowel Alternations in the Brazilian Portuguese Verb,’ Phonology, 12: 281–304. 1997. ‘The Lexical Representation of Nasality in Brazilian Portuguese,’ Probus, 9.2: 203–232. 2001.(<mask> (first author) with Joan Mascaró) ‘The Typology of Voicing and Devoicing’ Language 77, 2: 207–244. 2002. ‘Discussion: Fieldwork and Phonological Theory’, Papers on Laboratory Phonology 7: 615–635. 2002. ‘On the Relation between Quantity-Sensitive Stress and Distinctive Vowel Length. The History of a Principle and its Relevance for Romance.’ Caroline Wiltshire and Joaquim Camps (eds. ), Romance Phonology and Variation.Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 219–234. 2007. ‘Primary Stress in Brazilian Portuguese and the Quantity Parameter’. Gorka Elordieta and Marina Vigário (eds.) Journal of Portuguese Linguistics Vol 5/6, Special Issue on the Prosody of the Iberian languages: 9-58. 2007. (with Jesus-Mario Girón Higuita) ‘Tone in Wãnsöhöt (Puinave), Colombia’.In: W<mask> <mask> (ed. ), Language Endangerment and Endangered Languages: Linguistic and Anthropological Studies with Special Emphasis on the Languages and Cultures of the Andean-Amazonian Border Area. Indigenous Languages of Latin America Series (ILLA). Publications of the Research School of Asian African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS). Leiden University, The Netherlands: 129–156. to appear 2008/9 (with Januacele da Costa) A Comparative Sketch of the Nambikwaran Languages and the Reconstruction of the Proto-Nambikwara Segment System. Book chapters
1986.‘Phonological Timing in Ancient Greek’, in <mask> & Engin Sezer (eds. ), Studies in Compensatory Lengthening. Dordrecht, Foris: 296–344. 1988. (With Haike Jacobs). ‘Early French Lenition. A Formal Account of an Integrated Sound Change’, in H.van der Hulst and Norval Smith (eds.)Feature Specification and Segmental Structure. Dordrecht, Foris: 105–129. 1993. ‘La Phonologie de la Flexion Adnominale dans un Dialecte Limbourgeois (Pays-Bas)’, B. Laks and A. Rialland (eds. ), L'Architecture des Représentations Phonologiques. (Série Sciences du Language du CNRS) : 203–231. 1993.‘Sur la place de l'accent dans un lexique stratifié du portugais brésilien,’ Du Coté de chez Zwaan. Amsterdam, Rodopi: 329–348. 1993. ‘Taalkunde en het onderwijs van moderne Westeuropese talen in Nederland: Pleidooi voor het behoud van een cultuurgoed,’ in C. Gussenhoven and E.C. Verhofstadt (eds.) Talen zonder Grenzen. Verslag van een conferentie georganiseerd door de Verkenningscommissie Moderne Letteren op 23 oktober 1992 te Amsterdam.Nijmegen, 1993: 43–51. 1995. ‘Estrutura Silábica e Contornos Nasais em Kaingáng,’ <mask> (ed.) Estudos Fonológicos de Língüas Indigenas Brasileiras. Editora da UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro: 265–296. 1995.‘Oclusivas Intrusivas em Maxacalí’, <mask> (ed.). Estudos Fonológicos de Língüas Indigenas Brasileiras. Editora da UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro: 85–102. 1995. ‘A Teoria Fonológica e as Língüas Indigenas Brasileiras,’ <mask> (ed.) Estudos Fonológicos de Língüas Indigenas Brasileiras.Editora da UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro: 1-27. 1995. (with Willebrord Sluyters) ‘Formação de Raiz, Formação de Glide e 'Decrowding' Fonético em Maxacalí,’ In <mask> (ed.) Estudos Fonológicos de Língüas Indigenas Brasileiras. Editora da UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro: 103–149.1997. ‘Bakairi and the Feature ‘voice’,’ Boletim da Associação Brasileira de Lingüística. Homenagem a Aryon Dall’Igna Rodrigues. Janeiro 97: 21-34. 1997. (with Frans Hinskens and Roeland van Hout). ‘Balancing Data and Theory in Studies of Linguistic Variation and Change,’ Hinskens, van Hout and <mask> (eds).Variation, Change, and Phonological Theory. Amsterdam, John Benjamins: 1-37. 2002. ‘Discussion: Fieldwork and Phonological Theory’, Papers on Laboratory Phonology 7: 615–635. 2002. Les adjectifs pré-nominaux du français: formes longues et formes féminines. Haike Jacobs & W. <mask> (eds.)Liber Amicorum Bernard Bichakjian. Maastricht: Shaker Publications: 273–306. 2002. (with Haike Jacobs). ‘Inleiding Liber Amicorum Bernard Bichakjian’. Haike Jacobs & W. <mask>.Maastricht: Shaker Publications: ix-xix. 2003. ‘Sobe, Frege, Agride: On Some Irregular Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese’. Dermeval da Hora e Gisela Collichon (eds.) Teoria Lingüística e Outros Temas. João Pessoa, Editora Universitária: 270–290. 2006.‘Introduction: Language Endangerment and Endangered Languages’. W<mask> <mask> (ed. ), Language Endangerment and Endangered Languages: Linguistic and Anthropological Studies with Special Emphasis on the

masks:
Willem Leo Marie (
Leo
) Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzelstun
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
. Leo
Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzelsichakjian
. Leo
Wetzels


text_chunks:
 Languages and Cultures of the Andean-Amazonian Border Area. Indigenous Languages of Latin America series (ILLA). Publications of the Research School of Asian African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS). Leiden University, The Netherlands: 1–11. 2006 (with Stella Telles) 2005.‘Evidentiality and Epistemic Mood in Lakondê’. Eithne Carlin and Grazyna Rowicka (eds.) What's in a Verb? Dutch Contributions to the Study of Verbal Morphology in the languages of the Americas. LOT Publications, Utrecht, Netherlands: 235–252. 2006. (with Jesus Mario Girón) ‘Tone in Wãnsöhöt (Puinave), Colombia’, W<mask> <mask> (ed.), Language Endangerment and Endangered Languages: Linguistic and Anthropological Studies with Special Emphasis on the Languages and Cultures of the Andean-Amazonian Border Area. Indigenous Languages of Latin America series (ILLA). Publications of the Research School of Asian African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS). Leiden University, The Netherlands: 129–156. 2006. Sobre a Representação da Nasalidade em Maxacali: Evidências de Empréstimos do Português. Ataliba Castilho, Maria Aparecida Torres de Morais, Sonia Lazzarini Cyrino e Ruth E. Vasconcellos Lopes, Descrição, História e Aquisição do Português Brasileiro.Campinas: Pontes/FAPESP: 217–240. 2008. (with Joan Mascaró) ‘An OT analysis of the Basic Voicing Typology and Voice Assimilation in Dutch’, in Herrera, Z. Esther y Pedro Martin Butragueño (Eds. ), Fonología Instrumental, El Colegio de México, México. 2008. ‘Word Prosody and the Distribution of Oral/Nasal Contour Consonants in Kaingang’. In Eithne Carlin and Simon van de Kerke (eds.)2008. ‘The Phonological Representation of Nasality and the Adaptation of Portuguese Loans in Maxacalí’. In Andrea Calabrese and W<mask> <mask> (eds.) Loan Phonology. Amsterdam, John Benjamins. 2009. (with Sergio Meira).‘Stress Systems in the Indigenous Languages of Latin-America’. Rob Goedemans and Harry van der Hulst (eds.) Stress Systems in the Languages of the World. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter. 2009. (with Stella Telles) ‘La Famille Nambikwara’. Encyclopédie des langues.Presses Universitaires de France. 2009. ‘Vowel Features and Vowel Neutralization in Brazilian Portuguese’. In Elisabeth Hume, John Goldsmith, and W<mask> <mask> (eds. ), Tones and Features

Articles
A few of Wetzels' academic journal publications are listed alphabetically here. 1977. ‘Les pronoms clitiques du français.Une étude explicative des mécanismes transformationnels’. Grazer Linguistische Studien, nr. 5: 125–150. (French Clitic Pronouns. Explaining the Transformational Mechanisms)

1985. ’The Historical Phonology of Intrusive Stops: a Non-Linear Approach,’ Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 30,3: 285–333. 1986.(with Yip Wester). ‘Niet-lineaire Fonologie, een theorie in SPE’, Inleiding, <mask> en Haike Jacobs (eds. ), Gramma, themanummer Fonologie: 89–103. Non-Linear Phonology a Theory “in SPE”, Introduction). 1986. (with Engin Sezer).’Derived Opacity in Yakut Vowel Harmony', <mask> and Haike Jacobs (eds.) Gramma, themanummer Fonologie: 201-224.1988. (with Haike Jacobs). ‘Early French Lenition. A Formal Account of an Integrated Sound Change’, H.van der Hulst and Norval Smith (eds.) Feature Specification and Segmental Structure. Dordrecht, Foris: 105–129. 1990.‘Umlaut en Verkleinwoordsvorming in het Limburgs’, Gramma, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Taalkunde:139-168. (Umlaut and Diminutive Formation in Limburg Dutch)

1991. ‘Harmonia Vocálica, Truncamento, Abaixamento e Neutralização no Sistema Verbal do Português: Uma Análise Autosegmental', Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos. IEL/UNICAMP: 25-58. (Vowel Harmony, Truncation, Lowering, and Neutralization in the Portuguese Verb System)

1992. (with João Moraes). ‘Sobre a Duração dos Segmentos Vocálicos Nasais e Nasalizados em Português.Um Exercício de Fonologia Experimental’, Wetzels & Abaurre (eds. ), Fonologia do Português, Numero Especial dos Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos. IEL/UNICAMP: 153–166. (On the Length of Nasal and Nasalized Vowels in Portuguese, an Exercise in Experimental Phonology)

1992. ‘Mid Vowel Neutralization in Brazilian Portuguese', Wetzels & Abaurre (eds. ), Fonologia do Português, Numero Especial dos Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos. IEL/ UNICAMP: 19-55.1992. (with Bernadete Abaurre). ‘Sobre a Estrutura da Gramática Fonológica’, Wetzels & Abaurre (eds. ), Fonologia do Português, Número Especial dos Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos. IEL/UNICAMP: 5–18. (On the Structure of the Phonological Grammar)

1993. ‘Prevowels in Maxacalí: Where they come from,’ Revista da Associação Brasileira de Lingüística, São Paulo: 39–63.1995. ‘Mid-Vowel Alternations in the Brazilian Portuguese Verb,’ Phonology, 12: 281–304. 1997. ‘The Lexical Representation of Nasality in Brazilian Portuguese,’ Probus, 9.2: 203–232. 1997. ‘Bakairi and the Feature ‘voice’,’ Revista da Associação Brasileira de Lingüística. Homenagem a Aryon Dall’Igna Rodrigues.Janeiro 97: 21-34. 1997. ‘As Línguas não Têm Dono,’ Anais do 3.0 Encontro Nacional de Acervos Literários Brasileiras: Ética e Política de Gestão de Acervos Literários (PUCRS-Porto Alegre, Brazil): 144–53. (English version ‘Languages Have no Owners’ also available, Ms. VU University Amsterdam). 1999. (with Frans Hinskens and Roeland van Hout).‘O Balanço entre Dados e Teoria nos Estudos de Variação e Mudança Lingüísticas’. Letras de Hoje, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil: 7-45. (translation of previous publication by the editors of the Brazilian journal Letras de Hoje)

2000. ‘Comentários sobre a estrutura fonológica dos ditongos nasais no Português do Brasil’. Revista de Letras (UFC) no. 22, vol.1/2 : 25–30. (Remarks on the Phonological Structure of Nasal Diphthongs in Brazilian Portuguese)

2000.‘Consoantes palatais como geminadas fonológicas no Português Brasileiro’. Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, Vol.9,2: 5–15. (Palatal Consonants as Phonological Geminates in Brazilian Portuguese)

2001. (<mask>s first author, with Joan Mascaró) ‘The Typology of Voicing and Devoicing’ Language 77, 2: 207–244. 2002 ‘O traço [voz], privativo ou binário? O testemunho das línguas indígenas brasileiras Yathé e Bakairi.’ Leitura, Revista do programa de pós-graduação em letras e linguística LCV-CHLA-UFAL: 13–29. (The Feature [voice] Privative or Binary?The Testimony of the Indigenous Brazilian Languages Yathé and Bakairi)

2003. ‘On the Weight Issue in Portuguese. A Typological Investigation’. Letras de Hoje, 134 : 107–133. 2006. ‘Sound Change and Analogy: The Synchronic Reflexes of the Second Compensatory Lengthening in Ancient Greek Dialects’. Vera Pacheco & Gladys Cagliari (eds).Revista Estudos da Língua(gem), 3: 69–89. 2007. ‘Primary Stress in Brazilian Portuguese and the Quantity Parameter’. Gorka Elordieta and Marina Vigário (eds.) Journal of Portuguese Linguistics Vol 5/6, Special Issue on the Prosody of the Iberian Languages: 9-58. 2008. ‘Thoughts on the Phonological Definition of Nasal/Oral Contour Consonants in Some Indigenous Languages of South-America’.Revista ALFA 52(2): Abordagens em fonética e fonologia: estudos auditivos, acústicos e perceptivos; modelos de análise fonológica de ontem e de hoje

References

External links
<mask>s at the Vrije Universiteit
<mask>s at CNRS
International Cooperation of Amazonian Linguistics project developed by Wetzels
NASDAT project

1951 births
Living people
Linguists from the Netherlands
People from Schinnen
Phonologists
Radboud University Nijmegen alumni
Radboud University Nijmegen faculty
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

masks:
. Leo
Wetzels
. Leo
Wetzels
. Leo
Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzels
Leo Wetzel
Leo Wetzel
Leo Wetzel


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<mask> (21 September 1862 – 27 July 1933) was an English chemist, geologist, and religious leader who served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1911 until his death. A professor at Brigham Young Academy (BYA) and University of Utah (U of U), Talmage also served as president of the U of U and Latter-day Saints' University. In addition to his academic career, Talmage authored several books on religion, the most prominent of which are Jesus the Christ and Articles of Faith. Despite first being published in 1915 and 1899, the books remain classics in Mormon literature. An academic and religious scholar, Talmage did not believe that science conflicted with his religious views. Regarding the conflicting Mormon views on evolution, Talmage attempted to mediate between church leaders B.H. Roberts and Joseph Fielding Smith who disagreed about evolution and the origin of man.In addition to his academic and religious involvement, Talmage was involved in local political leadership in Provo as a city council member, alderman, and justice of the peace. Early life and education
<mask><mask>, the first son of Susannah Preater and <mask> <mask>, was born on 21 September 1862 and raised in Hungerford, Berkshire, England. He was born in the Bell Inn, a hotel in Hungerford, where his father was the manager. Talmage's parents converted to the LDS Church, probably in the 1850s before his birth. Neighbors and local clergy did not like the Talmage family's membership in the LDS Church or their innkeeping business, which included serving alcoholic beverages during the temperance movement. Shortly after Talmage's birth, his family moved into a cottage in Edington, where most of his ten younger siblings were born. Talmage moved to Rambury to stay with his grandfather at the age of two.There he attended infant schools and received some schooling from his grandfather. He returned to Hungerford to live with his parents at age five. As Talmage was spending his time helping take care of his siblings and helping at the inn, he attending school sporadically for the next three years. At the age of twelve, he graduated from elementary school, passing the Oxford Diocesan Association exam for a second-class certificate. Talmage received a distinguished primary education and was named an Oxford Diocesan Prize Scholar after six years of schooling. He was baptized a member of LDS Church at age 10 on 15 June 1873, but due to local hostilities toward Latter-day Saints, he was baptized in secret at night. The same year he accidentally pierced his younger brother's (Albert) eye with a digging fork, blinding him.He moved with his family to Provo, Utah Territory, in 1876. In Provo, he studied the Normal Course at BYA, with Karl G. Maeser as one of his teachers; he graduated in 1879 at the age of seventeen. He became an instructor at BYA while continuing to study. In 1881, Talmage became the first graduate from the Scientific Department at BYA and the first student from BYA to receive a college degree. Further education and career
Talmage's early predilection was for the sciences, and in 1882 and 1883 he took selected courses in chemistry and geology at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. After graduating, he started advanced work at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland in 1883. In the spring of 1884, while at Johns Hopkins, Talmage journaled about many laboratory experiments, including one on the ingestion of hashish.After researching at Johns Hopkins, he returned to BYA and became a professor of geology and chemistry. Shortly after returning to BYA, Talmage became the counselor (chief assistant) to its principal, Maeser, and worked as acting principal during Maeser's absence. He also became a member of BYA's board of trustees, an alternate member of the Utah Stake high council and was a common speaker at youth meetings across Utah county. That same year, Talmage was elected as a People's Party candidate to the Provo City Council. His main goal in joining the city council was to implement anti-saloon legislation, but he did not succeed. Shortly before taking office as a member of the city council, Talmage had a lab accident that nearly cost him his sight. A few months later, he was elected an alderman which added judicial as well as legislative duties to his assignments.LDS College
In the summer of 1888, Talmage was recruited by the church's First Presidency to lead the new Salt Lake Stake Academy in Salt Lake City, a high school for the stake, where he worked closely with Angus M. Cannon. In 1889, the Salt Lake Stake Academy was renamed LDS College and Talmage continued as its head until 1892. While in this position he was recruited widely to give lectures to civic groups, various assemblies connected with the LDS Church and other groups. One of Talmage's first tasks as principal of LDS College was to write a science textbook for the youth in the school. He produced First Book of Nature which went to press in November 1888. In 1891, Talmage published a work entitled Domestic Science at the urging of Wilford Woodruff and the other members of the First Presidency. This was a more general work on science aimed at an older audience.In April 1889, <mask> was appointed a member of the examining board for all schools of LDS Church, along with Maeser and Joseph M. Tanner. This board approved teachers to teach with any school run by the church. In January 1891, Talmage was replaced at LDS College by his assistant, Willard Done. Talmage was appointed, along with Willard Young, to form a new university to be run by the LDS Church in Salt Lake City, called Young University. He continued lecturing on scientific subjects at LDS College through the end of that academic year. U of U president
In the summer of 1894, an agreement was made between the LDS Church's First Presidency and representatives of the U of U. The agreement allowed for Talmage to become the institution's president, in return for which the church donated the resources it had gathered for Young University to the U of U and funded the creation of the chair of geology, to which Talmage was appointed.Shortly after <mask> became the university's president, a department of philosophy was created. Also during his tenure, the department of history and civics was created, and the school of mines was organized. In 1896, the U of U organized a department of economics and sociology, with George Coray as head. Coray was also made head of the library. In 1897, Talmage was able to persuade the state legislature to appropriate money for the expansion of the university library. Talmage also organized and directed a program of evening lectures run by the university, where he served on the lecture steering committee. The lectures were mainly aimed at the general public.Also under Talmage's direction the university began publication of the U of U Quarterly. Academic citizenship
In 1891, Talmage became curator of the Deseret Museum. In 1909, while Talmage was serving as the director of the Deseret Museum, he went to Detroit, Michigan, in November of that year to participate in diggings connected with the Scotford-Soper-Savage relics craze. Talmage would go on to denounce these findings as a forgery in the September 1911 edition of the Deseret Museum Bulletin in an article entitled, "The Michigan Relics: A Story of Forgery and Deception". In 1911, after becoming a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, his son, <mask>, replaced him as curator of Deseret Museum. Talmage spent much of the summer of 1890 in Britain. His main goal was attending the meeting of the Royal Microscopical Society where he gave a lecture on the Great Salt Lake and its brine shrimp.He also presented some horned toads that were then donated to a branch of the British Museum. During this trip, he regularly participated with missionaries of the LDS Church in street and other meetings. He also spent some time in and around Hungerford gathering records of his ancestors to do their temple work. He then traveled continental Europe, including Italy, with Reed Smoot and two other missionaries about to return home. For many years, Talmage was a Fellow of the following learned societies: the Royal Microscopical Society (London), the Royal Scottish Geographical Society (Edinburgh), the Geological Society (London), the Geological Society of America, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was also an Associate of the Philosophical Society of Great Britain, or Victoria Institute. He received a bachelor's degree from Lehigh University in 1891 and a PhD from Illinois Wesleyan University for nonresident work in 1896.In 1912, Talmage received an honorary PhD from Lehigh University. He was the president of Latter-day Saints' University from 1889 to 1894 and then was president of the University of Deseret from 1894 to 1897. Talmage became president of the U of U in 1893 and continued there until 1897. From 1897 until 1907 he held the chair of geology at the U of U. Mining consultant
From the late 1890s to 1911, Talmage worked as an independent mining consultant and served as a scientific consultant in legal disputes surrounding Utah's mining industry. Talmage was an expert in mining and applied chemistry and had cultivated a positive reputation in his various religious and civic leadership positions. Due to his financial success in consulting, he officially ended his academic career in 1907.The most controversial mine Talmage analyzed during his career was John A. Koyle's Relief Mine, the Dream Mine, in Spanish Fork, Utah. Koyle had allegedly prophesied that the mine would offer the LDS Church resources and lead many to invest in the mine, believing it contained valuable materials. Talmage assessed the mine and determined it was worthless. LDS Church writings and service

Religious literary works
Talmage was the author of several religious books, including The Articles of Faith, The Great Apostasy, The House of the Lord, and Jesus the Christ. These volumes remain in print and are still widely read in the LDS Church. In 1905, the church's First Presidency requested Talmage write the book that would come to be known as Jesus the Christ. They requested he compile his lectures about the life of Jesus Christ into a book that would be widely available to church members and other readers.At that time, Talmage had many responsibilities with his church callings, his family, and his profession that kept him from starting the book but nearly ten years later, following another request from the First Presidency, he started writing Jesus the Christ. The significance that was placed on the writing of this book about the life of Christ is seen in the First Presidency's setting aside space in the Salt Lake Temple for Talmage to work on the book uninterrupted and without distractions. Jesus the Christ was published in September 1915, just under one year after Talmage started writing it. In 1911, the First Presidency learned that a man named Max Florence, a former theater owner in Salt Lake City, had gained unauthorized access to the Salt Lake Temple. He had taken numerous photographs of the interior and was holding those photographs for ransom, but the church president at that time, Joseph F. Smith, would not negotiate with Florence on the subject. Florence said that he would sell the pictures to anyone who named a high enough price. A few days after this news was publicized, Talmage suggested to the First Presidency that they commission their own photographs of the Salt Lake Temple and publicize them as a book of photos.Smith authorized Talmage to get the pictures and also write on the subject of the temple to accompany the publication of the photographs. The House of the Lord was completed and published shortly thereafter in 1912. Church service
Before he became a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Talmage was an alternate high councilor in the Utah Stake of Zion. He became a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on 7 December 1911, after Charles W. Penrose was appointed as second counselor in the First Presidency. Additionally, from 1924 to 1928, Talmage served as president of the church's European Mission. Views on science and religion
Talmage was an attentive student and teacher of science, but he did not believe there was conflict between science and religion and did not worry about differences or discrepancies between the two fields of thought. He believed that with time and continued learning, these discrepancies would eventually be resolved.He had confidence in the scientific method and was able to accept scientific discoveries and findings supported by it while still holding fast to his religious beliefs. His views on science and religion are demonstrated by this statement: "Within the Gospel of Jesus Christ there is room for every truth thus far learned by man, or yet to be made known." Talmage's views on science and religion can also be seen through an event that took place in 1929. In that year, B.H. Roberts, a scientific scholar and LDS Church leader, presented a 700-page manuscript to the First Presidency which attempted to completely align theology and science. Other church leaders were concerned with what was written in this manuscript and disagreed with the claims about evolution represented. Joseph Fielding Smith, then a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, made a statement against what was written about evolution in the manuscript prepared by Roberts.Talmage tried to mediate between Smith and Roberts, suggesting to the First Presidency that they come out with a statement of neutrality on the issue, which they did. They soon came out with a statement stating that neither side of the argument was accepted as church doctrine. Political Involvement
Almost immediately after his return to Provo, Utah after his schooling in the East, Talmage was asked to run for the office of Territorial Superintendent of Schools by the People's Party. He could not accept due to his recent appointment as the first counselor in the presidency of BYA. Additionally, he was ineligible to run for office since he was not a United States citizen. Soon, he applied for citizenship and received his naturalization papers and although he was uninterested in political involvement aside from necessity, Talmage went on to serve on the Provo City Council as an alderman, and as a justice of the peace. Death
Talmage died on 27 July 1933 in Salt Lake City at age 70.He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery. The vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve created by his death was filled by Charles Albert Callis. Personal life
In 1888, <mask> married Merry May Booth (1868–1944), on 14 June 1888. Booth was a native of Alpine, Utah, and the daughter of immigrants from Lancashire. She started studies at the normal school connected with BYA in 1885, when she was 16. It was there she met <mask>, who was one of her instructors. While at BYA, Booth was secretary of the Polysophical Society.After completing her course of normal study, May took a job as a teacher in Kaysville, Utah. A few months later, Talmage undertook a project to study the waters of the Great Salt Lake; Talmage's main reason for this journey, though, was to pursue a relationship with Booth, and five months later they were married in Manti, Utah. The Talmages had eight children. Among their children was <mask>, who wrote a biography of his father. Another of their children, Sterling B<mask> (1889–1956) became a geologist. Legacy
The Mathematics and Computer Sciences Building at Brigham Young University is named after <mask>ge. The University of Utah College of Science is housed in the <mask> E. Talmage Building.Published works

See also
 Mormonism and evolution

References

External links

Archival collections
<mask><mask> papers
<mask> Talmage's diary
<mask>. Talmage Journals Vols 1-5
Additional Talmage Journals
Transcription of letters from <mask>. Talmage to May Booth Talmage

Online works

1862 births
1933 deaths
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American Latter Day Saints
American geologists
Apostles (LDS Church)
Brigham Young Academy faculty
Brigham Young University alumni
British Latter Day Saints
Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery
Converts to Mormonism
English Latter Day Saint writers
English emigrants to the United States
English general authorities (LDS Church)
Ensign College faculty
Fellows of the Geological Society of America
Fellows of the Royal Microscopical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Illinois Wesleyan University alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Lehigh University alumni
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
Mormon apologists
Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom
Mormon theologians
People from Hungerford
Presidents of the University of Utah
University of Utah faculty
Utah city council members
Harold B. Lee Library-related 19th century articles

masks:
James Edward Talmage
James E
. Talmage
James Joyce
Talmage
Talmage
Talmage
Sterling Talmage
Talmage
Talmage
John Talmage
. Talmage
James Talma
James
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<mask> (born Michael Hubert Bourne, 24 September 1942) is an English singer and actor. He is known for his top ten hits "Don't You Think It's Time" (1963) and "The Sunshine of Your Smile" (1980) in a singing career spanning nearly 60 years. He became an actor in the 1970s, and was best known for his appearances as Mr. Spooner on the British sitcom Are You Being Served? in the early 1980s. Early life
<mask> was born in Northampton. His parents grew up in Rhodesia but met in England and his mother was an amateur actress and singer. Six months after his birth his mother moved with him to North Wales for two years.The family then moved to Stoke Newington where he attended William Pattern Primary School and passed his eleven plus exam, winning a scholarship to Hackney Downs Grocers' School. He left the school aged 16 without qualifications to become an apprentice compositor. <mask> was a fan of skiffle and rock and roll music as a teenager and he formed his own skiffle group called "The Rebels" and then introduced electric guitars as "Kenny Lord and the Statesmen." Joe Meek became their recording manager and producer, and he signed up a group called the Stormers as his new back-up band, naming the new group "<mask> and the Outlaws." He had three hits in the 1960s in the UK Singles Chart, his most successful being "Don't You Think It's Time", reaching No. 6 in January 1963. His "Tribute To Buddy Holly" is also noted for having been banned by the BBC for being "morbid."The hit singles were all produced by Joe Meek. In the mid-1970s he returned to the charts in the Netherlands and Belgium, as pirate radio station Radio Mi Amigo and Radio Veronica played his new record material, released on Dutch record label Pink Elephant Records. "Don't Be Cruel" made No. 14 in the Dutch Nationale Hitparade in May 1975. His next record, a remake of his 1960 debut song "Tribute to Buddy Holly", hit No. 2 in October of that same year. In 1977, "I'm A Rocker," released on Flemish record label Scramble Records (owned by Radio Mi Amigo DJ Norbert), failed to chart.In 1980, he had a chart success in the UK, with "The Sunshine of Your Smile," a cover version of a romantic song which was produced by Chas Hodges; this had originally been written before the First World War and recorded by Jessie Broughton in about 1915. In 1985, his song "Everyone's A Wally" was included as the b-side to the video game by Mikro-Gen of the same name. His most recent CD was About Time Too!, recorded in Nashville, Tennessee with The Crickets and released on the UK Rollercoaster Records label, <mask>'s label of choice since their reissue of Joe Meek productions and new material from the 1990s. In 1988, <mask> co-wrote "This is the Kiss" with Mel Simpson which was chosen to be among the final eight songs in "A Song for Europe" (the UK selection vehicle for the Eurovision Song Contest) performed by Two-Che. The song placed second with 73,785 televotes. In 2016, <mask> auditioned for the fifth series of The Voice but was not successful. In 2017, <mask> went on a UK tour with The Solid Gold Rock'n'Roll Show, which also featured Eden Kane, Marty Wilde, Mark Wynter and the Wildcats.In 2019, he toured again with The Solid Gold Rock'n'Roll Show, alongside Marty Wilde, Charlie Gracie, Nancy Ann Lee (Little Miss Sixties) and the Wildcats. Acting career
In the 1970s, <mask> developed a career as an actor and he appeared in many television commercials. In 1979, he was cast as the father (Mr. Peters) of the two children in the TV version of the Worzel Gummidge books, along with Jon Pertwee and Una Stubbs. In 1981, he replaced Trevor Bannister's character (Mr. Lucas) in the British sitcom Are You Being Served? and stayed until the end of the show's run in 1985. Upon the death of Nicholas Smith in December 2015, he is the lone surviving actor from the show who played a major recurring character. <mask> also starred in a series of commercials for Blue Riband in the 1980s.His most recent film work was acting in Julie and the Cadillacs (1999). Family
His brother is the actor, performer and activist Bette Bourne. Discography

Singles
"Will You Love Me Tomorrow" / "My Baby Doll" (with The Outlaws – Decca 11314 – 1961)
"Tribute to Buddy Holly" / "What's the Matter" (with The Outlaws – HMV 912 – 1961) - UK No. 24
"It's Just a Matter of Time" / "Little Boy Blue" (with The Admirals (Outlaws) – HMV 979 – 1962)
"Every Little Kiss" / "How Many Times" (HMV 1042 – 1962)
"Don't You Think it's Time" / "Loneliness" (with The Outlaws – HMV 1105 – 1962) - UK No. 6
"My Little Baby" / "You'll Do It You'll Fall in Love" (with The Outlaws – HMV 1142 – 1963) - UK No. 9
"If I Could Only Make You Care" (Polydor - 1980) - UK No. 37
"Memories" (Polydor - 1981) - UK No.55
"Diana" (Polydor - 1981)
"What'll I Do" (Polydor - 1982)
"Everyone's a Wally" (B-side to cassette release of computer game - 1985)
"It's Time For <mask> - Vinyl EP" - (Rollercoaster Records - 1990)
"Sounds Of The Sixties" (Rollercoaster Records - 1992)
"Rock'n'Roll Daze" (Rollercoaster Records - 1998)
"Keep Your Hands To Yourself - Live In Sweden" (Rollercoaster Records - 2001)
"About Time Too! - with The Crickets, Recorded in Nashville" (Rollercoaster Records -2005)
"Befor I Grow Too Old - CD EP" - (Rollercoaster Records - 2006)
"Hi There Darlin'! Merry Christmas" - Mr. Bert Spooner with instrumental accompaniment by <mask> & The Outlaws - (Rollercoaster Records - 2007)
"Sunshine Of Your Smile - Hits and Memories from the 1980s" - (Rollercoaster Records - 2016)
"Drift Away" - (Rollercoaster Records - 2019)

References

External links

 [ <mask> biography @ Allmusic.com]
 <mask> discography

 Interview with <mask>, The Spectrum, Accessed July 6, 2017

1942 births
Living people
English male television actors
English male singers
English pop singers
People from Northampton
People educated at Hackney Downs School
20th-century English male actors
20th-century English singers
British male comedy actors
20th-century British male singers

masks:
Mike Berry
Berry
Singer Berry
Mike Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Mike Berry
Mike Berry
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Mike Berry
Mike Berry


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<mask>'Orléans, <mask> de Joinville (14 August 1818 – 16 June 1900) was the third son of Louis Philippe, King of the French, and his wife Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily. An admiral of the French Navy, <mask> was famous for bringing the remains of Napoleon from Saint Helena to France, as well as a talented artist, with 35 known watercolours. He married Princess Francisca of Brazil, daughter of Emperor Pedro I and sister of Emperor Pedro II. The dowry received by <mask> upon the marriage became the Brazilian city of Joinville. <mask> and Francisca's grandson Jean went on to become the  Orléanist claimant to the extinct French throne, a claim passed on to his son, grandson and now great-grandson Jean, Count of Paris, current Orléanist claimant to the French crown. Early life and military career
He was born <mask>-Marie d'Orléans at the Château de Neuilly, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Educated for the navy, he was commissioned lieutenant in 1836.His first conspicuous service was at the Bombardment of San Juan de Ulúa, in November 1838, commanding the corvette , when he headed a landing party and took the Mexican general Mariano Arista prisoner at Veracruz. The <mask> was promoted to captain of the frigate La , and in 1840 was entrusted with bringing the remains of Napoleon from Saint Helena to France. Marriage to Francisca of Brazil

In 1838, <mask> had made his first trip to Brazil, where he had been warmly hosted by Emperor Pedro II, son of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil and Archduchess Leopoldina of Austria, a Habsburg. During his time in the Brazilian court, <mask> met Princess Francisca, Pedro's younger sister, then 16 years old. In 1840, <mask> again stopped in Brazil for two weeks on his way back from St. Helena, where he had headed the expedition entrusted with bringing the remains of Napoleon from Saint Helena to France. Three years later, <mask> headed once again to Rio de Janeiro, in order to marry Princess Francisca. They married in that city on 1 May 1843.<mask> received as dowry an area of over 580 km2 in the South of Brazil, in the state of Santa Catarina, until then called Colônia Dona Francisca after its owner, the newly-wed princess, sister to the emperor. The area, near the coast and devoid of any populational settlements, therefore became the Brazilian part of the lands of the <mask> of Joinville. Exile and sale of the lands of Joinville
In 1844 he conducted naval operations on the coast of Morocco, bombarding Tangier and occupying Mogador, and was rewarded with the rank of vice-admiral. In the following year he published in the Revue des deux mondes an article on the deficiencies of the French Navy which attracted considerable attention. In 1848, <mask>' father, King Louis Philippe, was deposed as the monarchy was abolished in France and the French Second Republic instaurated. Like his parents and siblings, <mask> nominally lost all his properties and lands in France, including the French lands of the principality of Joinville, and hastily went with his wife and family to exile in England. Having taken refuge with his family at Claremont, and with the Brazilian lands of Joinville as his only remaining property, <mask> decided to make profits off those that were last remnants of his former principality.With the assistance of Hamburg Senator Christian Mathias Schroeder, with whom the gains were split, parts of the lands were sold to German-speaking immigrants, who started arriving in the Brazilian Joinville on 9 March 1851 and built the first facilities in the area, including a small royal palace. The titularity of the principality was negotiated with Heinrich Ferdinand Wiese, German-speaking noble-man from Schleswig-Holstein whose family was fleeing as the Danish troops invaded their territory during the First Schleswig War. It was agreed that the transferred title could only be used by Heinrich Ferdinand or his descendants after the passing of <mask> and Francisca, who officially kept the titles of Prince and Princess of Joinville until their death. Political career and service in the American Civil War

Being excluded from continuing a career in the Second Empire's navy, in 1851 <mask> announced his candidacy for the French presidential election to be held in 1852, hoping to pave the way for an eventual restoration of the monarchy. The attempt to become a second "Prince-President" was aborted by the 2 December 1851 coup by which the first "Prince-President", Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, effected his own ascension to the throne. In 1861, upon the outbreak of the American Civil War, he proceeded to Washington, D.C., and placed the services of his son and two of his nephews at the disposal of the United States government. U. S. President Lincoln appointed him and his nephews to the staff of Major General George B. McClellan.In June 1862, disagreements with the United States position towards Mexico caused the prince to withdraw from the Union forces, and he returned to Europe. With the overthrow of the Second French Empire in 1870, <mask> re-entered France, only to be promptly expelled by the government of national defence. Returning incognito, he joined the army of general Louis d'Aurelle de Paladines, under the assumed name of "Colonel Lutherod", fought bravely in Orléans, and afterwards, making public his identity, formally sought permission to serve the French army. Gambetta, however, arrested him and sent him back to England. In the elections of 1871 to the French National Assembly, the prince was elected to sit for the Haute-Marne, the department of his former principality. By an arrangement with Thiers, however, the prince did not take his seat until the latter had been chosen president of the provisional republic. Deafness
Starting at a young age, <mask> became increasingly deaf, and surgery to cure his hearing loss was totally unsuccessful.His friend Victor Hugo wrote in his memoirs, "The <mask> de <mask>'s deafness increases. Sometimes it saddens him, sometimes he makes light of it. One day he said to me: 'Speak louder, I am as deaf as a post'''". His increasing deafness prevented him from making many contributions to the National Assembly, and he resigned his parliamentary seat in 1876. Later life and death
In 1886, a new law against pretenders to the throne being part of the French armed forces deprived <mask> of his rank as admiral. <mask> and Francisca lived their last decades of life together in Paris, at their home in avenue d'Antin. Francisca died in 1898, aged 73, and <mask> outlived her by two years, dying at home on 16 June 1900, at the age of 81.Works
The <mask> Joinville was the author of several essays and pamphlets on naval affairs and other matters of public interest, which were originally published for the most part either unsigned or pseudonymously, and subsequently republished under his own name after the fall of the Empire. They include Essais sur la marine française (1853); Études sur la marine (1859 and 1870); Guerre d'Amérique, campagne du Potomac (1862 and 1872); Encore un mot sur Sadowa (Brussels, 1868); and Vieux souvenirs (1894). <mask> <mask> was also a painter. He was present at the Revolution of 1830 when Charles X was replaced as king by <mask>' father, the Orleanist Louis Philippe. Before and after that, in a number of portraits of French national life he depicted several great events in the life of the French monarchy. As Charles X's troops marshalled at the Place de la Concorde he depicted them firing on the crowd. He painted Charles X as the mob invaded the Palais-Royal, with <mask>' father, future King Louis-Philippe, standing behind him.In a famous scene (depicted on right), <mask> drew a woman atop some men handing her the Tricolor as they marched on July 31, 1830. <mask>' royal motifs contrasted heavily with  Delacroix' famous depiction of the same event. <mask> also painted his own delivery of Napoleon's body on returning from St Helena. In total, <mask> painted 35 watercolours. Honours
  Kingdom of France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
 : Grand Cross of the Southern Cross
 : Knight of the Golden Fleece, 29 October 1846    Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1864  Beylik of Tunis: Husainid Family Order
 : Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit
 : Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword
 : Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 22 March 1842''

Ancestry

Children
<mask> and Francisca's oldest daughter, <mask>, was the mother of Prince Jean, pretender to the French throne. His own son and his grandson have been considered the legitimate claimants to the throne of France, and his great-grandson, Jean, Count of Paris, is the current claimant to the French crown. <mask> and Francisca' son, Pierre (1845–1919), entered the United States Naval Academy on 15 October 1861.He received an honorary appointment as an ensign in the United States Navy on 28 May 1863 and served on the frigate USS John Adams. He was granted a leave of absence from the Navy as of 1 January 1864 and resigned from the Navy on May 30, 1864. He returned to France in June of that year. References

External links
 Works by <mask>, prince of Joinville - in Wikimedia Commons

 Memoirs of the <mask> de Joinville, English translation by Lady Mary Loyd, from Project Gutenberg

1818 births
1900 deaths
French Navy admirals
House of Orléans
People from Neuilly-sur-Seine
Princes of France (Orléans)
Burials at the Chapelle royale de Dreux
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain

masks:
François d
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François
François
François
François Ferdinand Philippe Louis
Prince
François
François
François
François
François
Prince
François
François
François
François
François
François
François
Prince
Joinville
François
François
François
Prince de
François de
Joinville
François
François
François
François
François
François
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<mask> of Castile (March 1230 – 8 August 1303), called the Senator (el Senador), was a Castilian infante, the fourth son of Ferdinand III of Castile by his first wife, Beatrice of Swabia. Youth and rebellion
<mask> spent his childhood at Burgos, where among his tutors was the future cardinal Giles of Torres. He received the typical education of a royal prince in both arms and letters. In 1246, <mask> accompanied his father on the expedition to Jaén. His father granted him in fief the first of the new conquests: Morón de la Frontera and Cote. After the fall of Seville, he was enfeoffed with more conquered towns: Jérez de la Frontera, Lebrija, Arcos and Medina Sidonia. In the repartimiento (division) of Seville itself, <mask> and his retinue received a part.He spent the next few years mostly at Seville, often at the court of his father's second wife, Joan of Ponthieu. The troubadouric allusions to their illicit relationship are, however, of no evidentiary value. As early as 1246, <mask> had refused his father's request that he pay homage (homagium) to his elder brother, the future Alfonso X. After their father's death in 1252, <mask> and his brother Frederick chafed under the rule of Alfonso. In March 1253, Alfonso withdrew the privileges which Ferdinand had granted <mask> on his vast southern estates. He also interfered to prevent <mask> from contracting an advantageous marriage. At Calatayud, according to the Libro de las armas of Juan Manuel, <mask>'s nephew, he asked for the hand in marriage of king of Aragon's daughter, Constance of Aragon, but Alfonso prevented it.These insults induced <mask> plot against Alfonso. In a meeting at Maluenda in 1255, <mask> temporarily brought James I of Aragon over to his side. Finally, in October, leagued with Diego López IV de Haro, lord of Biscay, and drawing support from Galicia as well, he went into open rebellion. Despite an initial victory over troops of the royal party, he was defeated near Morón and forced to flee the country. He took ship at Cádiz and sailed through the Mediterranean, stopping at Valencia, and passed through France, initially seeking refuge with his stepmother in Ponthieu. She may have suggested he visit his half-sister Eleanor, who was married to Edward, the son and heir of King <mask> of England. English exile
<mask> arrived at the English court in towards the middle of 1256.He lived comfortably there for three years entirely on King <mask>'s good graces, but the English offered him no political support. In the spring of 1257, Giovanni Colonna, archbishop of Messina and an ambassador from Pope Alexander IV, arrived in England to negotiate with the king the investiture of his second son, Edmund, with the Kingdom of Sicily. <mask> offered to lead troops to Italy to conquer the kingdom for Edmund, but a rebellion in Wales diverted attention from these projects. After several sojourns in France proved fruitless, <mask> decided to seek his fortune in Africa, where the Hafsid emir of Tunis, Muhammad al-Mustansir, had carved out a large empire. After securing a vow that he would not attack Castile, the king of England let <mask> leave for Tunisia in July 1259, even granting him a safeconduct through the Gascon ports under his control. Tunisian expedition
<mask> sailed to Catalonia, but King James refused to allow any of his vassals to accompany <mask> to Tunisia. In 1260, <mask> arrived in Tunis, where his brother Frederick soon joined him.<mask> took command of a contingent of Spanish knights in the service of al-Mustansir. In 1261, with the emir's brother, Abou Hafs, he led an attack on the desert city of Miliana. These campaigns strengthened Hafsid independence in the face of the Almohads, the Moroccan dynasty which had also ruled much of Spain the previous century. In Tunis, <mask> adopted the customs and dress of the Hafsid court, much to the shock of the local Christian community. He used the money he earned in the emir's service to finance commercial ventures originating out of the Genoese merchant colony in Tunis. From funds accrued through this trade, the king of France, Louis IX, was later able to make a loan to <mask> of England. Italian campaigns
<mask> later made his way to Italy, where he joined his cousin Charles of Anjou's campaign in 1266 to become King of Sicily (Battle of Benevento) and lent him large sums of money.It was here that <mask> earned his title of El Senador when Charles had him made senator of Rome (at the time, the ancient Senate of Rome evolved into an institution where a single senator was entrusted with civil power in the city of Rome). However, he was never repaid by Charles; and <mask> had aspired to the kingship of Sardinia or some other high title, and found the senatorship poor compensation. As a result, when his cousin Conradin invaded Italy in 1268, <mask> changed sides and joined him. He was one of Conradin's generals at the Battle of Tagliacozzo; he was in command of a host of three hundred Spanish knights sent by his brother Afonso X of Castille. He won the first encounter against the French, but was defeated by a surprise attack of a hidden reinforcement of one thousand French knights under Charles of Anjou. After the loss of the battle, he fled to the Convent of San Salvatore, Monte Cassino, where he was captured by the Angevins. Imprisonment

According to Ferdinand Gregorovius he spent the next twenty-three years in captivity—in the castle of Canosa from 1268 to 1277, and in Castel del Monte from 1277 to 1291.In 1272, his half-sister Eleanor and her husband King Edward I of England came to Sicily on return from the Crusades. Eleanor's attempts to get him released from prison were unsuccessful, but she kept in touch with him until her own death. On 8 March 1286, Pope Honorius IV absolved him from the excommunication he had incurred when he had ravaged the city of Rome with Conradin, and committed insults and harm to Cardinal Giordano Orsini (the future Pope Nicholas III), his nephew Matteo Rosso Orsini, and Giordano Savelli. His absolution was conditional upon sacramental confession and restitution for all the damages done to interested parties, or, if he had insufficient means, a solemn promise to make full restitution when he was able. Both Eleanor and Charles were dead before <mask> was finally released in 1291. He returned to Castile in 1298, where he was appointed regent for his grandnephew, King Ferdinand IV. He married Juana Núñez de Lara, but had no known legitimate children before his death in 1304.Traditions
According to tradition he had a son out of wedlock with a lady called Mayor Rodríguez Pecha, daughter of the lord (Alcaide) of the castle of Zamora. This son was called Enrique Enriquez de Sevilla, who became Justicia Mayor or Chief Judge of Castile under King Alfonso XI. A recent study attributes the cavalry novel "Amadis de Gaula" to <mask> of Castile. References

Sources

Further reading
 Ballesteros Beretta, Antonio. Sevilla en el siglo XIII
 Parsons, John Carmi. Eleanor of Castile: Queen and Society in Thirteenth Century England

 Santiago Sevilla Setecientos años buscando al Author del "Amadís" in Liceus El Portal de las Humanidades. Santiago Sevilla Personajes Reales en el Amadis in Liceus El Portal de las Humanidades
 Santiago Sevilla El Verdadero Author del Amadís de Gaula Diario de León Jueves 13 de Marzo de 2008
 Santiago Sevilla Parentescos Principescos y Amadís in Liceus El Portal de las Humanidades.Santiago Sevilla La Geografía fantástica del Amadís de Gaula in Liceus El Portal de las Humanidades. Paolo Borsa Letteratura Antiangioina tra Provenza, Italia e Catalogna. La Figura di Carlo I
 Peter Herde Die Schlacht bei Tagliacozzo, Zeitschrift für Bayerische Landesgeschichte
 Giuseppe Del Giudice Don Arrigo Infante di Castiglia Biblioteca nazionale Sagarriga Visconti-Volpi-Bari - BA. Arrigo da Castiglia Don Alegramente e con grande baldanza / canzone/ in Virgilio da Benedetto, Contributi allo studio della poesia storico politica delle origini. Due poesie per la discesa in Italia di Corradino di Svevia 1956. Ferdinand Gregorovius Wanderjahre in Italien in Projekt Gutenberg-DE
 Valeria Bertolucci Pizzorusso, Universitá di Pisa Don Enrique / Don Arrigo: un infante di Castiglia tra storia e letteratura. ALCANATE IV 2004-2005 Revista de Estudios Alfonsíes El Puerto de Santa María

1230 births
1304 deaths
Castilian infantes
Castilian House of Burgundy
Spanish mercenaries
Regents of Castile
Medieval mercenaries

masks:
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry III
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
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Henry


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<mask> (born September 23, 1965) is a Sri Lankan poet, critic, journalist, translator, political commentator, and activist. Known for his outspoken political views, his opinion pieces are among the most widely read in English in Sri Lanka. His poetry collections and translations of Sinhala texts have also been widely read and acclaimed, and have been frequently shortlisted for the prestigious Gratiaen Award. On February 17, 2021, he assumed duties as the Director of the Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Colombo to <mask>, a civil servant who would retire as the chairman of the Coconut Development Authority, and <mask>, who taught English literature and Greek and Roman civilization in various schools, her longest tenure being at Royal College, Colombo. Both of them were English honours graduates from the University of Peradeniya. Malinda is the second in the family.His elder brother is Arjuna and younger sister Ruvani, an acclaimed novelist in the United States. They were all born to a culture of connoisseurship and appreciation of the arts. <mask>'s later forays into literature were therefore initiated by his parents, especially his father, who had got him to write a poem when he was 12 years old about a tune played on the piano. He attended Royal College, Colombo. He dabbled in several extra curricular activities, with chess and scouting being his main interests. Although initially a student in the Mathematics stream, he eventually won all major awards for English literature. He captained the school chess team in 1983 and under his leadership Royal won the National Championship in 1983.That year he sat for his A Levels, where he offered Mathematics and obtained results that were probably adequate to secure placement in one of the Science Faculties in the university system. However, he had already opted to sit for his A Levels in the Arts Stream the following year, where again he secured good enough results to enter University. He entered Peradeniya in 1985 and read for a bachelor's degree in sociology. Owing to his exceptional academic performance in his first year, <mask> was selected to an exchange program at Carleton College, Minnesota for a Trimester. During the infamous UNP-JVP bheeshanaya of the eighties, when universities were shut down in Sri Lanka, he decided to apply for scholarships to study in the US. He got a scholarship to Harvard University in December 1988. After completing his bachelor's degree, he returned to Sri Lanka in 1991.After several short-term jobs, including a teaching post in the ELTU, Medical Faculty, Peradeniya University in 1992, he was hired as an Editor at the Agrarian Research and Training Institute in March 1993 before leaving it the following year. He then resumed his higher studies, when upon a friend's advice he applied and was selected to the University of California's School of Urban and Regional Planning in 1994. The following year he moved to Cornell University, to read for a PhD in Development Sociology. However he never completed his PhD. He completed the coursework requirement, but his thesis (titled “Journeying with Honour: In Search of the Vague and Indeterminate”) had not met with the favor of his committee, which held that he could obtain a terminal masters with minor revisions, but if he wanted to pursue doctoral studies major revisions would be necessary. He decided to return to Sri Lanka. Political career

Early forays into politics
Malinda's early initiation into politics and Marxism was through his father, who had been a Trotskyite as an undergraduate, and the newspaper of the Revolutionary Communist League at the University of Peradeniya, Kamkaru Mawatha (“The Path of Labour”).Nanda Wickramasinghe, a batch-mate of his father who was attached to the League and who regularly visited him, enthralled young <mask>. When he entered Peradeniya in the eighties, however, he found himself disagreeing with the UNP and the JVP, as well as the then emaciated and divided SLFP. Towards 1987, one year before the UNP-JVP bheeshanaya commenced, <mask> began supporting Vijaya Kumaratunga and his newly formed United Socialist Alliance (USA), and though he would later disengage from Vijaya's political beliefs, he felt at the time that he was the only person who could reckon with both sides of the political divide. After his assassination in 1988, <mask> would support Ossie Abeyagoonasekera, who would later leave the US and support the UNP. An even more significant political association with the then newly formed Ratavesi Peramuna, the precursor to the Sinhala Nationalist Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU), would follow his return from Harvard, having falling under the influence of two ideologues he'd known through University: Patali Champika Ranawaka and Athuraliye Rathana Thera. In 1992, an exhibition displaying LTTE, IPKF, and JVP human rights abuses in Matara was attacked by thugs connected to the UNP, which compelled a meeting in Wadduwa to discuss what the party members could do next. The meeting was disturbed by the police who, on a tipoff, arrested 15 members including Rathana Thera, Champika, and <mask> and held them for three weeks.Tortured at the orders of a drunken OIC, they took their case to the Supreme Court. The case, Channa Pieris and Others v. Attorney General and Others, would later be archived by the University of Minnesota’s Human Rights Library. Justice A. R. B. Amerasinghe, in his judgment, argued that the Ratavesi Peramuna “was not an organisation whose members or adherents were engaged in purposes prejudicial to national security or the maintenance of public order” and was therefore entitled to freedom of association, the deprivation of which by the police compelled the Court to order the State to pay 5,000 rupees per applicant as compensation. In the meantime, the Ratavesi Peramuna morphed into the Janatha Mithuro. Later political career
After completing his higher education, though only partially, at Cornell University, <mask> continued his association with Ranawaka and Rathana following their formation of the Sihala Urumaya (SU), the next avatar of the Janatha Mithuro. Malinda supported them and ended up eventually as the party candidate in Jaffna. The SU received more votes than the JVP and the Nava Sama Samaja Peramuna and Malinda received just seven preferential votes.He joined The Sunday Island immediately after the election and thereafter was not associated with any political party. However, he was associated with the National Movement Against Terrorism (NMAT), which he joined in 2006 on the condition that NMAT would operate independently of the SU. NMAT was a formation launched by those earlier associated with the Janatha Mithuro and it was in effect an agitation front for the SU. His association with NMAT ended about a year later when the propaganda work had helped realise the intended outcome: a national effort to rid the country of the terrorist menace. Beliefs and advocacy
<mask>'s political beliefs have been a mix of Marxism, nationalism, and liberalism, though he has on separate occasions rejected these ideologies. A firm believer in citizenship unhindered by racial or religious prejudices, he nevertheless remains a staunch opponent of Tamil separatism, which has earned him the ire of those who advocate federalism and devolution. His articles to various publications during the war years (from 2000 to 2009) and even afterwards have uncompromisingly taken issue with Eelamist propaganda, particularly the traditional homelands thesis of the LTTE.His nationalist outlook underlines his belief in good governance and democracy. Having written on the dangers inherent in the 18th Amendment, which the government of former Sri Lankan president Mahinda Rajapaksa enacted in order to do away with presidential term limits, he has also frequently discussed the need for independent commissions, institutionalised on paper via the 17th Amendment. He has on several occasions expressed his views on federalism and devolution at various forums, and even submitted certain proposals and recommendations to the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission in 2011, where he noted with respect to separatist propaganda that “A pandering to political realities based on constructed mythologies can tide a country over in the short term but necessarily generate further rupture down the line” and added that “In the absence of a robust case for devolution, minority grievances must necessarily defer to the notion of citizenship.”

Writing career

Early stints: From “The Island” to “The Nation”
In October 2000, after his return from Cornell University and prior to his engagement with the Sihala Urumaya, <mask> was hired as an “understudy” to the then Editor of the Sunday Island, Manik de Silva. After a tussle with some disagreeable journalists attached to its Sinhala paper, the Divaina (to which he contributed as well), he left the Island in 2004 and did part-time work as a Copywriter at Phoenix Advertising via an invitation from its Chairman, Irvin Weerackody. In 2006 he was hired as the Deputy Features Editor and Editorial Writer at The Nation upon an invitation by the founder CEO of Rivira Media Corporation (which owned the paper), Krishantha Cooray. After running into some disagreements there, <mask> was hired as an assistant consultant director of the Secretariat for Coordinating the Peace Process for three months in 2007 and as the consultant director of the Special Media Unit at the Government Information Department from November 2007 to November 2008. From then on, he worked as a freelance writer, submitting a weekly average of 10 or 11 articles to six different publications (including the Daily Mirror and the Daily News), as well as a copywriter at Phoenix, until October 2011, when upon another invitation by Rivira Media Corporation he assumed the role of chief editor at The Nation.Through these years <mask> shaped The Nation to a more nuanced format, with sections devoted to poetry, arts columns exploring both English and non-English cultural spheres, and political columns articulating divergent ideologies. It was during his editorship that the paper gave coverage to the infamous milk powder scandal involving Fonterra. Not surprisingly, therefore, his editorship at The Nation became his best few years by his own confession, until 2015 when, thanks to a tussle with the management over their acceptance of a previously sent, and by default invalid, letter of resignation, he vacated his post citing constructive termination. By then the paper had been shut down, to be reshaped and launched as a tabloid later on. Later stints as poet, translator, and critic
<mask>'s interest in literature, sustained by his parents, his school, and later his university, was fermented by his discovery of Pablo Neruda and his Residence on Earth in a bookstore in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the day of Neruda's death (which incidentally happens to be <mask>'s birth date, September 23), in the 1990s. He was profoundly influenced by Neruda, García Márquez, and Eduardo Galeano, as well as his childhood encounters with Western literature, music, and elocution. His first poetry collection, Epistles: 1984–1996, was published in 1999.He submitted his poetry, in manuscript form, for the Gratiaen Award on six occasions between 2007 and 2013. Five of these collections were shortlisted: Threads in 2007, The Underside of Silence in 2008, “Some texts are made of leaves” in 2011, “Open Words are for Love Letting” in 2012, and “Edges” in 2013, while “Stray Kites on Stringless Days” didn't make it to the shortlist in 2010. He won the Gratiaen Award for "Edges". Two years earlier, in 2011, he had won the H. A. I. Goonetilaka Award (also with the Gratiaen Trust) for his translation of Simon Navagattegama’s acclaimed Sinhala novel Sansaranyaye Dadayakkara, which he first read at Cornell University and translated, in part, for a class exercise on Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud. Since his employment at the Sunday Island, Malinda has written on a wide range of topics, from the theatre to the cinema to dance. He has written extensively on artists, including directors, painters, sculptors, musicians, and writers. His criticism of the local English sphere, over what he considers to be its culture of self-congratulation and self-importance, has been one of his enduring motifs.Personal life
<mask>'s first marriage in 1994 ended a year later. In 1998 he married Samadanie Kiriwadeniya, who is currently the chairperson of SANASA Development Bank. They have two daughters, Mithsandi and Dayadi, who attend school at Ladies' College, Colombo. References

1965 births
Living people
Harvard College alumni
Sri Lankan activists
Sri Lankan journalists
Sri Lankan poets
Sri Lankan translators

masks:
Malinda Channa Pieris Seneviratne
Seneviratne
Gamini Seneviratne
Indrani Seneviratne
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