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<mask> or <mask> the Younger (; ; died 5 October 578) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 565 until 578. He was the nephew of <mask> I and the husband of Sophia, the niece of the Empress Theodora, and was therefore a member of the Justinian dynasty. <mask> II inherited a greatly enlarged but overextended empire, with far less resources at his disposal compared to <mask> I. Despite this, he strived to match his formidable uncle's reputation by abandoning the payment of tributes to the Empire's neighbors. This miscalculated move resulted in rekindling of war with the Sassanid Empire and an invasion of Italy by the Lombards which was in short time largely lost to the Empire. Family
He was a son of Vigilantia and Dulcidio (sometimes rendered as Dulcissimus), respectively the sister and brother-in-law of <mask>ian. His siblings included Marcellus and Praejecta.With Sophia he had a daughter Arabia and possibly a son, Justus, who died young. He also had a niece named Helena. Reign

Accession

<mask> I died childless on 14 November 565. , the praepositus sacri cubiculi, seems to have been the only witness to his dying moments, and later claimed that <mask> had designated "<mask>, Vigilantia's son" as his heir in a deathbed decision. The clarification was needed because there was another nephew and candidate for the throne, <mask>, son of Germanus. Modern historians suspect Callinicus may have fabricated the last words of <mask>ian to secure the succession for his political ally. As historian Robert Browning observed: "Did <mask> really bring himself in the end to make a choice, or did Callinicus make it for him? Only Callinicus knew."In any case, Callinicus started alerting those most interested in the succession, originally various members of the Byzantine Senate. Then they jointly informed <mask> and Vigilantia, offering the throne. <mask> accepted after the traditional token show of reluctance, and with his wife Sophia, he was escorted to the Great Palace of Constantinople. The Excubitors blocked the palace entrances during the night, and early in the morning, John Scholasticus, Patriarch of Constantinople, crowned the new Augustus. Only then was the death of <mask> and the succession of <mask> publicly announced in the Hippodrome of Constantinople. Both the Patriarch and Tiberius, commander of the Excubitors, had been recently appointed, with <mask> having played a part in their respective appointments, in his role as <mask>ian's curopalates. Their willingness to elevate their patron and ally to the throne was hardly surprising.In the first few days of his reign <mask> paid his uncle's debts, administered justice in person, and proclaimed universal religious toleration. On 1 January 566, he became a consul, thereby reviving a post <mask>ian had discontinued since 541. <mask> and Sophia initially promised to make peace with <mask>'s cousin and rival to the throne, <mask> (son of Germanus), but had him assassinated in Alexandria not long after. According to a hostile source, the imperial couple kicked his severed head. Foreign policy
Faced with an empty treasury, he discontinued <mask>'s practice of buying off potential enemies. Immediately after his accession, <mask> halted the payment of subsidies to the Avars, ending a truce that had existed since 558. This move upset the delicate balance of power in the Pannonian Basin, since the Avar elite were forced to seek new sources of wealth to maintain their position and client networks.After the Avars and the neighbouring tribe of the Lombards had combined to destroy the Gepids, from whom <mask> had obtained the Danube fortress of Sirmium, Avar pressure caused the Lombards to migrate West, and in 568 they invaded Italy under their king Alboin. They quickly overran the Po valley, and within a few years they had made themselves masters of nearly the entire country. The Avars themselves crossed the Danube in 573 or 574, when the Empire's attention was distracted by troubles on the Persian frontier. They were only placated by the payment of a subsidy of 60,000 silver pieces by <mask>'s successor Tiberius. The North and East frontiers were the main focus of <mask>'s attention. In 572 his refusal to pay tribute to the Persians in combination with overtures to the Turks led to a war with the Sassanid Empire. After two disastrous campaigns, in which the Persians under Khosrow I overran Syria and captured the strategically important fortress of Dara, <mask> lost his mind.Shortly after the smuggling of silkworm eggs into the Byzantine Empire from China by Nestorian Christian monks, the 6th-century Byzantine historian Menander Protector writes of how the Sogdians attempted to establish a direct trade of Chinese silk with the Byzantine Empire. After forming an alliance with the Sassanid ruler Khosrow I to defeat the Hephthalite Empire, Istämi, the Göktürk ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate, was approached by Sogdian merchants requesting permission to seek an audience with the Sassanid king of kings for the privilege of traveling through Persian territories in order to trade with the Byzantines. Istämi refused the first request, but when he sanctioned the second one and had the Sogdian embassy sent to the Sassanid king, the latter had the members of the embassy poisoned to death. Maniah, a Sogdian diplomat, convinced Istämi to send an embassy directly to Constantinople, which arrived in 568 and offered not only silk as a gift to <mask>, but also proposed an alliance against Sassanid Persia. <mask> agreed and sent an embassy to the Turkic Khaganate, ensuring the direct silk trade desired by the Sogdians. In 1937, the historian Previte-Orton described <mask> as "a rigid man, dazzled by his predecessor's glories, to whom fell the task of guiding an exhausted, ill-defended Empire through a crisis of the first magnitude and a new movement of peoples". Previte-Orton continues,

Succession and death

After 572, <mask> was reported to have fits of insanity.John of Ephesus, whose Monophysite sect suffered persecutions under <mask>, offered a vivid description of <mask>'s madness, in which he behaved like a wild animal, was wheeled about on a mobile throne and required organ music to be played day and night. In 574, at Sophia's suggestion, he adopted the general Tiberius as his son and heir, and then retired in his favor. On 7 December, according to Theophylact Simocatta, <mask> remained sufficiently clear-minded to make an eloquent speech as he passed the crown:

Four years later, on 26 September 578, he elevated Tiberius as Augustus. <mask> died only nine days later, on 5 October 578. Footnotes

References

Sources

Primary sources
Edward Walford, translator (1846) The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594, Reprinted 2008. Evolution Publishing, . Secondary sources

External links

 DIR: De Imperatoribus Romanis: <mask> II

6th-century births
578 deaths
6th-century Byzantine emperors
6th-century Roman consuls
Flavii
Imperial Roman consuls
Justinian dynasty
Kouropalatai
People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
Royalty and nobility with disabilities

masks:
Justin II
Justin
Justinian
Justin
Justinian
Justin
Justinian
Justinian
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justinian
Justin
Justin
Justinian
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justinian
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin
Justin


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<mask>  (October 26, 1859 – October 8, 1938) was a realist-style genre, portrait, and landscape painter born in Mt. Healthy, Ohio, in the Cincinnati area. She also worked in decorative painting and sculpture. Described by her contemporaries as "the first woman painter of America" and "the dean of American woman painters in France and one of the most eminent contemporary artists of her sex," Nourse was the first American woman to be voted into the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. She also had the honor of having one of her paintings purchased by the French government and included in the Luxembourg Museum's permanent collection. Nourse's style was described by Los Angeles critic Henry J. Seldis as a "forerunner of social realist painting." Some of Nourse's works are displayed at the Cincinnati Art Museum.Biography

Early life

Born to the Catholic household of Caleb Elijah <mask> and <mask> <mask> on October 26, 1859, <mask> and her twin sister, Adelaide, were the youngest of 10 children. She attended the McMicken School of Design in Cincinnati (now the Art Academy of Cincinnati) at age 15, and was one of the first women admitted to the women's life class offered there taught by Thomas Satterwhite Noble. She also studied watercolor painting while there. She studied at the school for seven years and was even offered a teaching position, which she declined in order to focus on her painting. In 1882, both of her parents died, and with the assistance of an art patron, she went to New York City to continue her studies, briefly in the Art Students League. Here, she met William Merritt Chase and visited him in his studio. In 1883, she had returned to Cincinnati and made her living decorating home interiors and painting portraits.From 1884 – 1886, she spent most of her summers in Tennessee in the Appalachian Mountains doing watercolor landscapes. Paris
In 1887, she moved to Paris, France along with her older sister, Louise, who was to be her lifelong companion, business manager, housekeeper and hostess. In Paris, she attended Académie Julian, studying under Gustave Boulanger and Jules Lefebvre. While studying in Paris Nourse became acquainted with fellow painter Caroline Augusta Lord. Already having advanced skill when she arrived and having developed her style while in Cincinnati, she quickly finished with her studies and opened her own studio. In 1888, her work was featured in her first major exhibition at the Société des Artistes Français. Her subjects were often women, mostly peasants, and depictions of France's rural countryside.Though continuing to live and work mainly in Paris, Nourse travelled extensively around Europe, Russia, and North Africa painting the people she met. New Woman
She was one of the "New Women" of the 19th century successful, highly trained women artists who never married, like Ellen Day Hale, Mary Cassatt, <mask> and Cecilia Beaux. Hale, Nourse, and Coffin "created compelling self-portraits in which they fearlessly presented themselves as individuals willing to flout social codes and challenge accepted ideas regarding women's place in society. Indeed, the New Women portraits of the 1880s and 1890s are unforgettable interpretations of energetic, self-confident and accomplished women." Later life and World War I activism
During the first world war, Nourse defied the tendency of most American emigres to return home and remained in Paris, where she worked to assist the war's refugees and solicited donations from her friends in the United States and Canada for the benefit of people whose lives were disrupted by the war. In 1921, she was awarded the Laetare Medal for "distinguished service to humanity" by a Catholic layperson, an annual award from Notre Dame University in Indiana. Nourse retired and when her sister died in 1927, she became ill and depressed.In 1920, she was operated on for breast cancer, and, in 1937, the cancer returned. She died on October 8, 1938. Gallery

Selected works

Paintings

 Two Children Seated 1880, watercolor and gouache on paper, 16 3/4 x 11 1/2 in. La mère (Pleasant Dreams) 1888, oil on canvas, 45 15/16 x 32 1/16 in. Fisher Girl of Picardy 1889, oil on canvas, 46 3/4 x 32 3/8 in. Fisher Woman and Child 1889, watercolor on paper, 19 x 12 in. The Three Ages (Three Generations) 1890, oil on canvas, 40 x 30 in.The Bargello, Florence 1890, watercolor, 12 x 8 in. Italian Peasant Girl 1891, oil on wood panel, 19 3/4 x 8 11/16 in. The Kiss (Mother and Child) 1892, oil on canvas, 22 5/8 x 20 3/8 in. Le Goûter (Mother and Children) 1893, oil on canvas, 51 1/2 x 31 in. Mère et fillette hollandaise (The Sewing Lesson) 1895, oil on canvas, 46 x 30 in. L'heures d' été (Summer Hours) c. 1895, oil on canvas, 53 1/4 x 41 1/4 in. L'enfant endormi c. 1901, watercolor on paper, 24 x 18 in.Meditation 1902, oil on canvas, 26 1/2 x 27 1/2 in. Paysanne de Penmarc'h c. 1903, oil on canvas 18 x 11 in. Mother with Baby in Carriage c. 1905–07, pastel on paper, 15 x 23 1/2 in. L'enfant qui dort c. 1912, oil on canvas
 Jardin du Luxembourg, le printemps c. 1920, watercolor on paper, 8 x 23 1/4 in. Sculpture
 Bust of Caleb Nourse c. 1881, plaster, 3 1/4 x 7 x 3 1/4 in. Louise Nourse 1899, plaster bas-relief, diameter 5 in., bronze cast, diameter 5 in. Le Père et la Mère Léthias 1899, plaster bas-relief, diameter 7 1/4 in.

masks:
Elizabeth Nourse
Nourse
Elizabeth LeBreton
Rogers Nourse
Elizabeth
Elizabeth Coffin


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<mask> (born October 13, 1956) is an American television and film producer, director and writer who gained fame in the 1990s as the creator of the Fox science fiction supernatural drama series The X-Files. Born in Bellflower, California, <mask> graduated with a degree in journalism from California State University, Long Beach before spending thirteen years working for Surfing Magazine. After beginning his television career working on television films for Walt Disney Studios, <mask> rose to fame in 1993 for creating The X-Files. The show earned high viewership ratings, and eventually led to <mask>'s being able to negotiate the creation of future series. <mask> has his own television production company, Ten Thirteen Productions, wherein he went on to create three more series for the network—Millennium, a doomsday-themed series which met with critical approval and low viewer numbers; Harsh Realm, which was canceled after three episodes had aired; and The Lone Gunmen, a spin-off of The X-Files which lasted for a single season. <mask>'s film roles include writing both of The X-Files cinematic spin-offs—1998's successful The X-Files and the poorly received 2008 follow-up The X-Files: I Want to Believe, the latter of which he also directed—while his television credits have earned him several accolades including eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Early life
<mask> was born on October 13, 1956 in Bellflower, California.His father worked in the construction industry. <mask> has described his childhood as "fairly normal", and was fond of both Little League Baseball and surfing; his surfing stance is goofy footed. He attended California State University, Long Beach in Long Beach, graduated with a journalism degree in 1979. An avid surfer, he began writing for Surfing Magazine, a San Clemente-based journal, eventually becoming its editor at the age of 28. <mask> would work for the magazine for thirteen years, and credits his tenure there for teaching him how to run a business. It was also at this time that <mask> began taking an interest in pottery, making "hundreds of thousands of pieces" of dinnerware as a hobby. He has compared the process of making pottery to Zen meditations, although he has since thrown out most of his work.Personal life

In 1983, <mask> began dating Dori Pierson, whom he had met through a cousin of hers who worked with him at Surfing Magazine. The couple were married in 1987, and live in Santa Barbara. Career

Starting in television
Pierson's connections at Walt Disney Studios led to chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg hiring <mask> on a standard contract. <mask> began writing television films for the studio, penning The B.R.A.T. Patrol in 1986 and Meet the Munceys in 1988. These scripts led to <mask> being associated with contemporary youth comedy at the studio, and although he enjoyed the work he felt that his real strengths and interests lay in serious drama instead. <mask> met the then-president of NBC, Brandon Tartikoff, at a company softball game in Brentwood, California.Tartikoff and <mask> began talking between innings, and when Tartikoff eventually read some of <mask>'s script work, he brought him over to write for the network. There, <mask> developed a number of unproduced television pilots—Cameo By Night, featuring Sela Ward; Brand New Life, which has been described as being similar to The Brady Bunch; Copter Cop, a science fiction series that was hampered by Tartikoff's injuries after a car accident; and Cool Culture, influenced by <mask>'s passion for surfing and experience with Surfing Magazine. During this time <mask> would also work as a producer on Rags to Riches, a job he accepted in order to learn more about producing a series. Peter Roth, at that time the president of Stephen J. Cannell Productions, obtained a copy of <mask>'s pilot script for Cool Culture, and although the series was never picked up, Roth was interested in hiring <mask> to work on the CBS series Palace Guard. However, Roth would soon leave CBS to work for Fox as the head of its television production wing. <mask> was among the first wave of new staff hired by Roth in 1992 to develop material for the network, and he began work on a series based on his own childhood fondness for The Twilight Zone and Kolchak: The Night Stalker. The X-Files and success

<mask>'s new series would take its stylistic inspiration from Kolchak, while thematically reflecting his experiences growing up during the Watergate scandal.<mask> also drew inspiration from his friend John E. Mack's survey of American beliefs in ufology, which indicated that  of the population believed they had been abducted by aliens. Roth warmed to the idea upon hearing of the influence of Kolchak, believing that vampires—one of the central antagonists of the original series—would be popular with audiences given the interest being shown in the upcoming film Interview with the Vampire, although <mask> insisted on an extraterrestrial-focused series. However, <mask> had never been interested in science fiction before this point, professing to have briefly read one novel each by Ursula K. Le Guin and Robert A. Heinlein. Basing his characters instead on those found in the English television series The Avengers, <mask> took an eighteen-page treatment for his new project—by now titled The X-Files—to a pitch meeting at Fox, where it was soon rejected. With the help of Roth, <mask> was able to arrange a second pitch meeting, at which the network reluctantly agreed to greenlight a pilot for the series. After finding the series' two starring leads in Gillian Anderson and David Duchovny, <mask> was given a budget of  to produce a pilot episode. The series aired on Friday nights on the Fox network, being broadcast in tandem with The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. in what was perceived to be an unpopular timeslot.The series earned relatively impressive Nielsen ratings for its Friday timeslot, and was given a full twenty-four episode order. The series' popularity and critical acclaim built over the course of its second and third seasons, and saw it earning its first Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama and breaking the record for highest price paid by a network for rights to air re-runs, fetching $600,000 per episode from Fox's sister network FX. After <mask>'s initial three-year signing for Fox had ended, the success of the series allowed him to negotiate a five-year contract with several additional perks, including the guarantee of a feature film adaptation to be produced by the parent company's film studio, and the greenlighting of <mask>'s next television project. In March 2015, it was confirmed that <mask> was set to executive produce and write for the revival of The X-Files, which was set for a six-episode event series. In 2017 it was announced that The X-Files would return to Fox with a ten-episode season 11, with <mask> set to executive produce and write. Both Gillian Anderson and David Duchovny returned, as well as veteran writers Glen Morgan, Darin Morgan, and Jim Wong, and newcomers Gabe Rotter, Benjamin Van Allen, and Brad Follmer. The eleventh season has received generally positive if somewhat lukewarm reviews from critics, but ratings fell dramatically, and Gillian Anderson has stated she will not play Scully again.<mask> began work on a new series, Millennium. The genesis of this new project stemmed from "Irresistible", a second-season episode of The X-Files which <mask> had written, which focused on a sexually motivated serial killer with none of that series' usual supernatural trappings. <mask> fleshed out the basis of the new show's protagonist, Frank Black, and travelled to Seattle for inspiration for a new setting. Influence was also drawn from the works of Nostradamus, and the increasing popular interest in eschatology ahead of the coming millennium. The central role of Black was eventually filled by Lance Henriksen, and the series began airing in the Friday timeslot formerly occupied by The X-Files. "Pilot", the début episode, was heavily promoted by Fox, and brought in over a quarter of the total audience during its broadcast. The series also attracted a high degree of critical appraisal, earning a People's Choice Award for "Favorite New TV Dramatic Series" in its first year.At the beginning of the second season, <mask> handed over control of the series to Glen Morgan and James Wong, with whom he had previously worked on both Millennium first season and several seasons of The X-Files. Despite its promising start, however, ratings for Millennium after the pilot remained consistently low, and it was cancelled after three seasons. Feature films
During the production of the fourth season of The X-Files, work on the first feature film adaptation of the series began. Also titled The X-Files, <mask> initially began a treatment for the script over Christmas holidays in Hawaii in 1996. Series producer Frank Spotnitz collaborated on the story outline at this time. <mask> would later return to Hawaii for a ten-day stint in 1997 to begin fleshing out the finished script. <mask> appointed frequent series director Rob Bowman as director of the film, which went on to feature many of the series' regular cast, including Duchovny, Anderson, Mitch Pileggi and William B. Davis.The X-Files premiered on June 19, 1998, eventually making a worldwide gross of  $189 million, and received mixed reviews. Ten years after the success of the first film, and six years after The X-Files final season had finished, <mask> would both write and direct a second feature film, titled The X-Files: I Want to Believe. Filmed in British Columbia, I Want To Believe was released on July 25, 2008; eventually grossing $68,369,434 worldwide. The film was received generally negative reviews from critics. Other work
<mask> has made several brief cameo roles as an actor—first appearing in The X-Files "Anasazi" as an FBI agent; before portraying a member of a film audience in "Hollywood A.D.", a later episode of the same series. <mask> also made a brief appearance in "Three Men and a Smoking Diaper", an episode of The Lone Gunmen. In 1999, <mask> began adapting the comic book series Harsh Realm as a television show.<mask>'s friend and frequent collaborator Daniel Sackheim had optioned the comics for adaptation in 1996. However, when the series first aired on October 8, 1999, the comics' writers Andrew Paquette and James Hudnall were given no writing credits for the work; the two then filed suit against Fox to be credited for their work. Harsh Realm received disappointing viewing figures, and was cancelled after only three episodes had been broadcast. Two years later, <mask> launched a spin-off of The X-Files titled The Lone Gunmen, a  series centred on three minor characters from the former series. The Lone Gunmen was cancelled after thirteen episodes, later receiving a coda in the form of a crossover episode with The X-Files. <mask> has since been involved with writing and directing the as-yet unreleased film Fencewalker, set to feature Natalie Dormer and Katie Cassidy. In 2011, he began working to develop Unique, a police thriller television series; the project was eventually dropped before completion.<mask> next began work on the Amazon Studios television series The After. The pilot episode was made available for viewing on February 6, 2014; the series was green-lit the following month, but finally cancelled on January 5, 2015, without another episode beyond the pilot being shot. Accolades
<mask>'s work has earned him several accolades over his career, including eight nominations at the Primetime Emmy Awards. <mask> has also received award nominations for the Directors Guild of America Awards, the Edgar Awards, and the British Academy Television Awards. Filmography

Film

Television

Footnotes

References

External links

 Joiner, James (March 24, 2015). "'The X-Files' Creator <mask> on Scully and Mulder's Return". The Daily Beast

1956 births
American male screenwriters
American television directors
American television writers
California State University, Long Beach alumni
Film directors from California
Film producers from California
Science fiction film directors
Living people
People from Bellflower, California
Television producers from California
Showrunners
American male television writers
Screenwriters from California
21st-century American screenwriters
21st-century American male writers

masks:
Christopher Carl Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Chris Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Millennium Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Chris Carter


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<mask> (born November 25, 1946) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. <mask> writes as well as illustrates the Arthur book series and is best known for creating that series and its numerous spin-offs. The names of his two sons, Tolon Adam and Tucker Eliot, have been hidden in all of the Arthur books except for one. He also has a daughter named Eliza, whose name appears hidden in at least two books. He is a three-time Emmy award winner; the Arthur TV series adapted from the books was named number one on PBS for three years (1997, 2000, 2001). He also served as an executive producer on the show during seasons ten through twenty-five. He currently lives in Hingham, Massachusetts.Early life and education
While growing up in Erie, Pennsylvania, with his three sisters, <mask> was told many stories by his grandmother Thora. This inspired <mask> to write stories of his own in the later years of his life. An example of this was the "borrowing" of his 7th grade algebra teacher's name Mr. Rathbun for the character Mr. Ratburn. It was Grandma Thora who also fueled <mask>'s penchant for drawing, which was discovered at the age of six. While attending McDowell Senior High School, his art teacher, Nancy Bryan, introduced him to watercolors, which he now uses for the majority of his illustrations. <mask> was inspired by other artists like <mask>. Maurice Sendak, the author of the children's book Where the Wild Things Are, also influenced <mask> in deciding on a career choice.With the help of his Grandma Thora, <mask> was able to major in graphic design at the Cleveland Institute of Art. Even with the opposition from his colleagues, <mask> continued with his dream to be a children's book illustrator. After graduating, <mask> presented a sample of his drawings to the publishing company Houghton Mifflin, in Boston, Massachusetts, who offered him a USD$5,000 deal. This offer allowed <mask> to confirm his decision of making professional illustrating his career. In 1969, he began part-time teaching at Garland Junior College in Boston and illustrated textbooks. Career
He had many different jobs before focusing solely on his writing career. He was a truck driver, a short-order cook, a TV art director, and finally a college professor.<mask> said his professorship was short-lived as the college went bankrupt one semester into his hiring. Bibliography

Arthur Adventure Series
1976 - Arthur's Nose
1979 - Arthur's Eyes
1980 - Arthur's Valentine
1981 - The True Francine
1982 - Arthur Goes to Camp
1982 - Arthur's Halloween
1983 - Arthur's April Fool
1983 - Arthur's Thanksgiving
1984 - Arthur's Christmas
1985 - Arthur's Tooth
1986 - Arthur's Teacher Trouble
1987 - Arthur's Baby
1988 - D.W. All Wet
1989 - Arthur's Birthday
1990 - Arthur's Pet Business
1991 - Arthur Meets the President (Early Moments)
1992 - Arthur Babysits
1993 - D.W. Thinks Big
1993 - D.W. 2000 - Arthur's Teacher Moves In (Early Moments)
2001 - D.W.'s Library Card
2002 - Arthur's Animal Adventure (Early Moments)
2006 - D.W. Goes to Preschool
2008 - D.W. Says Please and Thank You

Chapter books
Arthur's Mystery Envelope
Arthur and the Scare-Your-Pants-Off Club
Arthur Makes the Team
Arthur and the Crunch Cereal Contest
Arthur Accused! Locked in the Library! Buster's Dino Dilemma
The Mystery of the Stolen Bike
Arthur and the Lost Diary
Who's in Love with Arthur?by Isaac Asimov
The Gulps by Rosemary Wells
Read-Aloud Rhymes For the Very Young by Jack Prelutsky
The Banza: A Haitian Story by Diane Wolkstein

Books by Laurene Krasny <mask> and <mask>
Dino Life Guides for Families
Dinosaurs Travel
Dinosaurs Alive and Well! : A Guide to Good Health
How to Be a Friend: A Guide to Making Friends and Keeping Them
When Dinosaurs Die: A Guide to Understanding Death
Dinosaurs Divorce
Other
What's the Big Secret? : Talking about Sex with Girls and Boys

Arthur 8x8 paperbacks
Arthur's Birthday Surprise
Arthur's Heart Mix-Up
Arthur's Jelly Beans
Arthur and the Big Snow
Arthur Helps Out
Arthur to the Rescue
Arthur and the Dog Show
Arthur Jumps into Fall
Arthur's Tree House
Arthur Off to School
Good Night D.W.
Arthur's Homework
D.W.'s Perfect Present
Arthur's Mystery Babysitter
D.W. The Big Boss
Arthur Tells a Story

References

External links
 Official website

1946 births
Living people
American children's writers
Daytime Emmy Award winners
American children's book illustrators
Writers from Erie, Pennsylvania
Artists from Erie, Pennsylvania
Cleveland Institute of Art alumni

masks:
Marc Tolon Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Marc Chagall
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Marc Brown


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<mask> (21 July 1953 – 8 January 2007) was a Northern Irish  Unionist politician from Belfast and the leader of the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP). During his youth Ervine was a member of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and was imprisoned for possessing bomb-making equipment. Whilst in jail he became convinced of the benefits of a more political approach for Ulster loyalism and became involved with the PUP. As a leading PUP figure, Ervine helped to deliver the loyalist ceasefire of 1994. Biography
<mask> was the youngest of five children born to Walter and <mask>, and raised in a Protestant working-class area of east Belfast between the Albertbridge and Newtownards roads. His household was not loyalist at all, his father Walter described himself as a socialist, had no time for Ian Paisley and didn't attend church. When Ervine joined the Orange Order aged 18, he said he was the first member of his family to ever be a member.His membership however didn't last long. Like many in his situation, he grew up closely identifying with his community and absorbed the Ulster Unionism ideals and opinions that go along with this identity. He left Orangefield High School (Orangefield Boys Secondary School) at 14, and at the age of 19 Ervine joined the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), believing this to be the only way to ensure the defence of the Protestant community after the events of Bloody Friday. A neighbour of Ervine's who was a member of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) William Irvine, had died in one of the bomb blasts on Bloody Friday. Before joining the UVF Ervine had attempted to join the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), but due to a misdemeanour in his childhood involving a stolen bicycle, he was refused entry. Arrest and imprisonment
Ervine was arrested in November 1974, while an active member of the UVF. He was driving a stolen car containing five pounds of commercial explosives, a detonator and fuse wire.After 7 months on remand in Crumlin Road Gaol he was found guilty of possession of explosives with intent to endanger life. He was sentenced to 11 years and imprisoned in The Maze. While in prison, Ervine came under the influence of Gusty Spence who made him question what his struggle was about. Spence's influence unquestionably changed Ervine's direction: after much study and self-analysis, Ervine emerged with the view that change through politics was the only option. He also became friends with Billy Hutchinson while in prison. Release
Ervine was released from prison in 1980. He owned a newsagents' in Belfast for several years before taking up full-time politics.He stood in local council elections as a Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) candidate in 1985. In 1998, he was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly to represent Belfast East and was re-elected in 2003. He was also a member of Belfast City Council from 1997. Loyalist ceasefire
Ervine is said to have played a pivotal role in bringing about the loyalist ceasefire of October 1994. He was part of a delegation to Downing Street in June 1996 that met then British Prime Minister John Major to discuss the loyalist ceasefire. Forum
In 1996 he was elected to the Northern Ireland Forum from the regional list, having been an unsuccessful candidate in the East Belfast constituency. Progressive
Ervine was considered to be one of the most progressive unionists in Northern Ireland politics.He had been a strong supporter of the Good Friday Agreement and was one of the few unionist politicians to actively support the Agreement. At a Labour Party meeting in 2001, then Northern Ireland Secretary, John Reid, described him as "one of the most eloquent politicians in Northern Ireland". Some of his opponents made references to him having swallowed a dictionary. Some saw Ervine as one of the few politicians actively engaged with conflict resolution. In the Northern Ireland Assembly, he was seen as a Unionist sympathetic to the short term demands of Sinn Féin. He abstained against attempts by the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) to exclude Sinn Féin from office in July 2000 and October 2001. In April 2001, he provoked a direct political attack from the DUP over him being the only Unionist to vote against a motion condemning the display of lilies commemorating the 1916 Easter Rising at Parliament Buildings.He also expressed support for the right of Sinn Féin members to make speeches in Irish (Gaelic) on the floor of the Assembly. Later, political commentators noted how he sat next to Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness at the funeral of Northern Ireland football legend George Best in December 2005 as a sign of how Northern Ireland had moved on. The PUP, however, had close ties to the loyalist paramilitary organisation UVF, of which he was a past member, throughout his involvement in democratic politics. Controversy
In May 2005, the Independent Monitoring Commission recommended a continuation of the financial sanctions on his Assembly salary imposed following its report of April 2004. The IMC was of the opinion that the UVF and the PUP maintain strong links while the UVF is heavily involved in criminality such as drug dealing and tobacco and fuel smuggling. It further noted that the UVF was responsible for a number of acts of violence including murder and was actively maintaining its capacity to wage a terrorist campaign. It concluded that 12 months after the sanctions were originally imposed, the PUP leadership was still not doing enough to address the UVF's criminal and paramilitary activities.Ervine appealed against the IMC's recommendation to newly appointed Northern Ireland Secretary Peter Hain on the basis that he could not be held directly responsible for the UVF's actions and thus it was wrong to penalise him personally. Hain accepted his representations and his Assembly salary was fully restored. The IMC again recommended financial sanctions against him and the PUP in its special report of September 2005 on the violent feud that erupted between the UVF and the Loyalist Volunteer Force that summer in which a number of murders and attempted murders had been committed. It argued that the PUP leadership was still in a position to significantly influence the UVF and as such, the party could not have it both ways by associating with an active paramilitary organisation and not face any political consequences. In its final regular reports of Ervine's life in April and October 2006, the IMC concluded that it was satisfied the PUP leadership had taken appropriate action to de-escalate UVF's violence and criminality and withdrew its punitive recommendations. Links with the Ulster Unionists
On 13 May 2006, it was announced that when the Northern Ireland Assembly reconvened, Ervine would join the Ulster Unionist assembly group, while remaining leader of the Progressive Unionists. Under the D'Hondt method used for allocating places on the Northern Ireland Executive, this would entitle the Ulster Unionists to an additional place.The Presiding Officer (Speaker) of the Assembly, Ms Eileen Bell, MLA indicated at the first meeting of the 'shadow' Assembly (15 May 2006) that she would take legal advice before ruling on whether Mr Ervine could be treated as a member of the UUP group. On 11 September 2006 Ms Bell announced that the Ulster Unionist Party Assembly Group did not have a headquarters, at least one party leader and a scheme for financial support; thus it did not qualify as a political party. This meant that the UUPAG could not sit in the Assembly, so the alliance was deemed as invalid. Identity
Ervine was a Protestant and identified himself as both Irish and British. An Ulster unionist, he once exclaimed "why can't I be an Irish citizen of the UK?". Ervine remarked “I am profoundly both British and Irish and those who have to deal with me have to take me on those terms." Illness and death

Ervine was reported as having suffered two massive heart attacks and a stroke after attending a football match between Glentoran and Armagh City at The Oval in Belfast on Saturday 6 January 2007.It was later confirmed that he had one heart attack, a stroke and brain haemorrhage. He was taken to the Ulster Hospital in Dundonald and was later admitted to the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast. Ervine did not die until Monday 8 January 2007, however it was reported by RTÉ News at 9pm and on their website on the previous evening Sunday 7 January, that he had died that day. RTÉ's Northern Editor, Tommie Gorman, later apologised for his wrongly reported story of the death of Ervine in a radio interview. Ervine's body was cremated at Roselawn Crematorium after a funeral service on 12 January in East Belfast attended by Mark Durkan, Gerry Adams, Peter Hain, Dermot Ahern, Hugh Orde and <mask> among others. Tributes
Brian Ervine, Ervine's elder brother: "He had the guts and the courage to climb out of the traditional trenches, meet the enemy in no-man's land and play ball with him." Bertie Ahern (Taoiseach): "(Ervine) was a courageous politician who sought to channel the energies of loyalism in a positive political direction."Reg Empey MLA: "Northern Ireland has today lost a unique, charismatic and uncharacteristically spin-free politician." Gerry Adams MLA/MP: "He made a valuable and important contribution to moving our society away from conflict." George Mitchell (Former US Senator): "His legacy is that he has led loyalism out of the Dark Ages." Mark Durkan MLA/MP: ""<mask> emerged from a paramilitary past to pursue a peaceful future. Throughout the talks he played a positive role and worked always to keep loyalism onboard for the Good Friday Agreement." (...) "He also championed a more constructive unionism and argued that we can all gain from political accommodation." Trevor Sargent TD: "His death leaves a major vacuum in terms of the quality of political representatives in Northern Ireland.I hope that the legacy of Mr Ervine's bravery will be taken up by others after him. "Tony Blair (British Prime Minister): "<mask> was a man who, whatever his past, played a major part in this last 10 years in trying to bring peace to Ulster. "See also
Unionism (Ireland)
Progressive Unionist Party
Ulster Volunteer Force
Ulster Loyalist

References

BibliographyDavid Ervine: Uncharted Waters by Henry Sinnerton (2003), Loyalists'' by Peter Taylor (1999),

External links
PUP Website
obituary from The Belfast Telegraph
  Ervine Foundation http://davidervine.com/

1953 births
2007 deaths
Northern Ireland politicians convicted of crimes
Leaders of political parties in Northern Ireland
Members of Belfast City Council
Members of the Northern Ireland Forum
Northern Ireland MLAs 1998–2003
Northern Ireland MLAs 2003–2007
Politicians from Belfast
Progressive Unionist Party MLAs
Ulster Volunteer Force members
Ulster loyalists imprisoned on charges of terrorism

masks:
David Ervine
David Ervine
Elizabeth Ervine
David Trimble
David
David


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<mask> (born June 30, 1940) of Kansas served as United States Ambassador to Thailand from September 1991 until August 1995. <mask> entered the U.S. Foreign Service in February 1963. He was assigned to Saigon from 1965 to 1968 as a member of the embassy’s political section, to Medan, Indonesia from 1969 to 1971, and to Paris as a liaison officer and press spokesman for the U.S. Delegation to the Paris Peace Accords, 1971-1973, on ending the Vietnam War. <mask> returned to the State Department in Washington in 1973, first to the Office of East Asian Regional Affairs and then, in 1975, to the Office of Japanese Affairs as its Deputy Director. He was posted to Tokyo in 1977 as Deputy Chief of the political section, responsible for working with the Japanese Foreign Ministry on U.S.-Japan bilateral issues and cooperative US-Japanese approaches to multilateral questions. In 1980-1981 <mask> attended the Royal College of Defence Studies in London, after which he returned to Washington as Director of the Office of Korean Affairs, 1982-84. He was Deputy Chief of Mission in the U.S. Embassies in Canberra, 1984–86, and Seoul, 1986-87.In 1987 <mask> was named Deputy Assistant Secretary of State with responsibility for the ten countries of Southeast Asia. His work during his three years in that position focused on negotiations to end the war in Cambodia, support for the newly established democracy in the Philippines, and efforts to achieve the fullest possible accounting for Americans missing in action in Indochina. During the 1990-91 academic year, <mask> was Diplomat-in-Residence at the University of Kansas, teaching in the Political Science department. While at KU he was named by President George H.W. Bush in early 1991 as Ambassador to Thailand. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in July and arrived in Bangkok in September of that year. As Ambassador to Thailand, <mask> led one of America’s largest embassies (500-plus U.S. employees, 26 USG agencies, more than 1500 Thai employees).He was responsible for all aspects of U.S. relations with Thailand during a period of significant political upheaval and change, burgeoning growth in US-Thai economic relations, intensified efforts to combat drug production and trafficking, and major refugee and displaced persons issues along Thailand’s borders with Cambodia, Laos and Burma. He also had oversight responsibility for U.S. government activities in Vietnam and Cambodia prior to the end of the Cambodia war and normalization of relations with Vietnam. <mask> left Thailand in August 1995 and retired from the Foreign Service shortly thereafter. During his career, <mask> was a member of numerous U.S. delegations to international conferences, beginning with the Paris Peace Talks, and including, inter alia, bilateral planning conferences with Japan, Korea and Australia, a United Nations conference on refugees in 1988 in Geneva, the 1989 Paris Conference on Cambodia (in which he led the U.S. delegation), and several conferences of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. He was a member of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in 1980. <mask> traveled to Hanoi three times, prior to normalization, as a member of delegations seeking progress on the POW/MIA issue. <mask> had extensive experience in the foreign policy process in Washington, including Oval Office meetings during the Reagan, Bush and Clinton Administrations, chairmanship of inter-agency committees and more than 35 appearances before Congressional committees.He also had considerable media exposure, including appearances on the Today Show, Good Morning America, Nightline and NPR’s Morning Edition. He spoke on aspects of U.S. policy in many forums, including the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, the Asia Society in New York and Washington, the Aspen Institute and numerous business organizations nationwide. During his Foreign Service career, <mask> earned the State Department’s Meritorious, Superior and Distinguished Honor Awards as well as several Presidential awards. From 1996 through 1998, <mask> was Director of International Development at KU, organizing business seminars and doing outreach for the University. <mask> has taught in the Honors Program at KU and in the graduate-level International Studies program (MAIS), and has been a guest lecturer in the Anthropology, History and Political Science departments. At KU, <mask> is also a member of the International Programs Advisory Board, the Honors Program Advisory Board, and the Advisory Board of the Biodiversity Institute/Natural History Museum, chairing the latter. He was a member of the Advisory Council of the Business School’s Center for International Business Education and Research, and for a time was co-Director of that center.<mask> was active in the early years of  the Dole Institute of Politics, as a member of planning groups and as a moderator in conferences on China MFN and the future of NATO, and has participated in a number of more recent programs. In 2007-2008, <mask> established and was the first Director of the KU-Ft. Leavenworth Program (now the Office of Professional Military Graduate Education). In 2002, <mask> was the Freeman Foundation Visiting Professor of Asian Affairs at Claremont McKenna College in California. Beginning in November 2000, and continuing through December 2005, he was American representative of the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization in North Korea. In that capacity, he made eleven visits to North Korea, totaling nearly eighteen months in duration. <mask> is a member of the International Relations Council of Kansas City, and the American Foreign Service Association. He is a past member of the Kansas International Trade Coordinating Council.He was a founding member of the Board of Trustees of the Command and General Staff College Foundation, and is a member of the Advisory Board of the Simons Center for the Study of Interagency Cooperation. He was awarded the Department of the Army’s Outstanding Civilian Service Medal in 2008. <mask> was raised in Fairview, Kansas and received a BA degree from the University of Redlands in California. He is married to the former Sacie Hooper. They live in Lawrence, Kansas. References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080314214120/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/com/10404.htm
 List of U.S. Ambassadors to Thailand 1882 to present (with picture.)1940 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Thailand
People from Brown County, Kansas
United States Foreign Service personnel

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David Floyd Lambertson
Lambertson
Lambertson
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Lambertson
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<mask> (born November 29, 1955) is a Canadian comedian, television personality, screenwriter, actor, producer, director, entrepreneur, game show host, and author. He hosted the American CNBC (originally NBC) game show Deal or No Deal, as well as the show's daytime and Canadian-English counterparts. <mask> voiced the character Gizmo in the 1984 film Gremlins and the 1990 sequel Gremlins 2: The New Batch. In 1987, <mask> starred alongside Amy Steel in the comedy film Walk Like a Man. From 1982 to 1988, <mask> played the rowdy ER intern Dr. Wayne Fiscus on the NBC medical drama St. Elsewhere. He also created, voiced, and starred in the FOX children's cartoon Bobby's World, and has been a judge on NBC's America's Got Talent since 2010.Early life
<mask> was born and raised in the Willowdale area of North York, Ontario. He is Jewish, and his ancestors emigrated from Romania and Poland. <mask> is a distant cousin of Israeli violinist Itzhak Perlman. His father was a lighting manufacturer and a real estate agent. Mandel attended William Lyon Mackenzie Collegiate Institute, where he was expelled for impersonating a school official and hiring a construction company to build an addition to the school. Afterwards, Mandel worked as a carpet salesman. He was a stand-up comedian at Yuk Yuk's in Toronto, and by September 1978, he had a week-long booking as a featured act, which was billed as "a wild and crazy borderline psychotic."His repertoire included placing a latex glove over his head and inflating it by blowing through his nose, the fingers of the glove extending above his head like a cockscomb. When the audience reacted uproariously to that and similar antics, his trademark response was to extend his arms palms up, look incredulous, and say, "It's you." On a trip to Los Angeles, <mask> performed a set at The Comedy Store, which resulted in his being hired as a regular performer. A producer for the syndicated comedy game show Make Me Laugh saw him there and booked <mask> for several appearances during the show's run in 1979 and 1980. He was booked to open for David Letterman at shows in the summer of 1979. CBC-TV's head of variety programming saw his performance in October 1979 and immediately signed him for a TV special. In 1980, he won the lead role in the Canadian movie Gas, co-starring Susan Anspach and Donald Sutherland.<mask> was one of the first "VeeJays" to appear on Nickelodeon's music video series Pop Clips. TV and film career

<mask> came to national attention in the United States during a six-year run on St. Elsewhere, starting in 1982 and playing the role of Dr. Wayne Fiscus, opposite Ed Flanders and Norman Lloyd. He also appeared on a week's worth of episodes of the short-lived NBC game show Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour in March 1984. While working as Dr. Fiscus and continuing to work as a comedian, <mask> also did movies, including providing the voice of Gizmo in the 1984 hit Gremlins and its 1990 sequel, Gremlins 2: The New Batch. In 1985, <mask> made a cameo in the Michael J. Fox directed short "The Iceman Hummeth," which was subsequently broadcast on Late Night with David Letterman in November 1985.In 1986, he starred in A Fine Mess alongside Ted Danson. He performed his stand-up comedy act in several cities (the Watusi Tour), which was followed by his Watusi music video in 1987. For the first two seasons of Muppet Babies, he voiced Bunsen Honeydew, Animal, and Skeeter. He starred alongside Amy Steel in the 1987 comedy film Walk Like a Man. He was also "Maurice" in the 1989 movie Little Monsters. In 1990, he starred in the short-lived sitcom Good Grief on Fox. He was also the creator and executive producer of the Emmy-nominated children's animated series Bobby's World (1990–1998) to which he supplied the voices of the title character and his father.Bobby's World ran for seven seasons on Fox and was later syndicated. 1992 saw the weekly airing of his self-titled comedy show Howie, with multiple guest stars such as Gilbert Gottfried and Little Richard and Lita Ford as the in-house band guitarist. His character Bobby made a regular appearance on the show. In 1994, <mask> voiced the lead character, <mask>, of the video game Tuneland. He starred in the sketch comedy series <mask> <mask>'s Sunny Skies in 1995 on Showtime. <mask> appeared in the 1995 Clint Black music video "Summer's Comin'." He played the lead role of the professor in the short-lived TV series The Amazing Live Sea Monkeys, and he guest-starred on a 1996 episode of the ABC TV series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman as DC Comics supervillain Mister Mxyzptlk.In 1998, he hosted his own syndicated talk show, The <mask> <mask> Show, which was canceled after one season. In 1999 to 2000, he played Jason in the film Apocalypse III: Tribulation, was the voice of Jack in the movie The Tangerine Bear in 2000, and in 2002 he played the Sand Man in the movie Hansel and Gretel. In 2006, he appeared as himself as a guest host in a parody of Deal or No Deal in the show-within-a-show of the TV series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip. In 2007, he guest-starred as himself in an episode of NBC's Medium and made a dream cameo of himself on Deal or No Deal. In that episode, he booted the nighttime drama's protagonist off for "cheating" since in the show, he is a psychic medium and appeared to "know" the contents of the cases. <mask> plays his alter ego, Phil Skorjanc, in most of his comedy shows, which are a fan favorite. Bobby also made a cameo appearance in a February 2007 episode of Deal or No Deal.On a special two-hour Christmas episode, first aired on December 25, 2007, <mask> delivered one line with Bobby's voice, as requested by the contestant. <mask>'s signature stunt as a stand-up comedian (besides his Bobby alter ego) was stretching a latex glove over his head, inflating it with his nostrils, and filling it until it suddenly propelled itself off his head. That trick also lent itself to the title and cover photo of his comedy album Fits Like a Glove (1986). He eventually gave up the routine under doctor's orders after being diagnosed with a perforated sinus. However, in a cameo role as himself on My Name is Earl, he did the routine. He guest-starred in two episodes of Monk ("Mr. Monk Joins a Cult" and "Mr. Monk's 100th Case"). Later work

<mask> is known for his frequent appearances as a comedian and for his hidden camera segments on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.He has appeared in many television commercials for Boston Pizza as their hired spokesperson. In April 2004, he was selected as number 82 on Comedy Central's list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians of all time. In October 2005, he was named to be the host of the US version of Deal or No Deal, which debuted on December 19, 2005, on NBC and became a popular program in early 2006. <mask> also hosts Deal or No Deal Canada; originating from Toronto, Deal or No Deal Canada debuted in January 2007 on Global, which made him one of the few game show hosts (Weakest Link's Anne Robinson, The Chairs John McEnroe, Pyramids Donny Osmond, The Singing Bees Joey Fatone, and Minute to Win Its Darren McMullen being others) to host both a domestic and an international version of the same game show. <mask> joins Alex Trebek, Jim Perry, and Geoff Edwards on the list of game show hosts who emceed one game show simultaneously in Canada and the United States. In 2007, <mask> made an appearance in an episode of Sesame Street’s 38th season. That same year, he was parodied on the show as <mask> Eatswell, the Muppet host of Sesames game show segment "Meal or No Meal."<mask> has hosted the DVD game version of Deal or No Deal, "Fact or Crap Beat Da Bomb" and "Would You Rather" for Imagination Games. <mask> had a cameo appearance as himself on the NBC show My Name is Earl in the episode where Earl's roommates robbed an Indian casino at which Mandel was performing. While stealing money, they also kidnapped <mask>. In the episode, Mandel performed his old routine of inflating a rubber glove over his head with his nostrils. <mask> is a notable alumnus of Beth David B'nai Israel Beth Am's Hebrew School located in Toronto, as well as three other Toronto high schools. Mandel is currently performing a variety/comedy act at the MGM Grand Hotel-Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. Starting in 2007, Mandel became a spokesperson for Internet retailer buy.com.He is sometimes featured in a section called "What's Shakin'?" with <mask>. On September 8, 2008, <mask> began hosting a five-day-a-week syndicated daytime version of Deal or No Deal, with a top prize of $500,000. On January 9, 2009, <mask>'s reality show Howie Do It premiered on NBC. On March 31, 2011, <mask> premiered a flash-mob show on Fox called Mobbed. Originally a presentation pilot, the ratings after American Idol prompted Fox to pick up the show for eight to ten episodes. On November 30, 2012, he hosted the NASCAR Sprint Cup Awards Ceremony.On December 10, 2012, his six-night special game show Take It All premiered. He appeared in one episode of the animated series Fugget About It as the voice of FBI Agent Rick Chickmagnet in 2013. Since 2013, <mask> has executive-produced the TBS hidden-camera show Deal with It. He also regularly makes appearances and co-hosts the show along with main host Theo Von. Deal or No Deal
In 2003, while <mask> was deciding whether or not to quit show business, the executive producers at NBC asked him to host the show, but he declined many times. They then mailed him a tape of the overseas version and he finally accepted. In 2007, he hosted a five-episode run of the Canadian-English version Deal or No Deal Canada.The show then went to daytime with <mask> remaining as host, although Arsenio Hall was originally intended to host the show. In a January 2009 interview on Anytime with Bob Kushell, <mask> expressed mild, jovial frustration over how some of his contestants hold out during the game show, despite the fact that the grand prize is many times what they would make in a year. On March 12, 2018, it was announced that <mask> would host the 2018 CNBC revival of the game show and also become an executive producer. The show premiered on December 3, 2018. <mask> is one of three game show hosts to host the same game show in two different countries, the others being Donny Osmond for Pyramid and Anne Robinson for The Weakest Link. America's Got Talent
In January 2010, it was announced that <mask> would replace David Hasselhoff as one of the judges on NBC's America's Got Talent after Hasselhoff announced that he was leaving to work on a new television series. Out of all judges on the show, <mask> currently has the longest tenure than any other judge or host, spanning twelve consecutive seasons  (season 5–present).In October 2021, it was announced that <mask> will be a judge on the upcoming second season of Canada's Got Talent, slated to air in 2022. Howie Mandel Does Stuff
Since February, 2021, <mask> has hosted the Howie Mandel Does Stuff Podcast with his daughter, Jackelyn Shultz, as co-host. According to the Apple Podcasts preview: "Together, these two make prank calls, discuss pop culture, interview interesting people, say weird things, chat with listeners, get deep... ". Personal life

<mask> has been married to <mask> (née Soil) since 1980. Together they have three children: daughters Jackie and Riley and son Alex. On September 4, 2008, Mandel received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and Comedy Central listed him as #82 on their list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians of all time. Mandel received a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto.The induction ceremony was held on September 12, 2009. He is the third game show host to be inducted, the first being Monty Hall in 2002 and the second being Alex Trebek in 2006. In October 2008, <mask> revealed that he has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the morning talk show Live with Regis and Kelly, adding that he is currently working to raise adult ADHD awareness among the general public. On January 12, 2009, <mask> was reportedly sent to St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto suffering from chest pains and what was reported as a minor heart attack. According to various news reports, he was experiencing an irregular heartbeat, but the reports were later revealed as inaccurate. He was later discharged. <mask> has written and published an in-depth autobiography which details his life with OCD, ADHD, and comedy called Here's the Deal: Don't Touch Me.Mandel is a fan of the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team. Mandel is colorblind. Obsessive compulsive disorder

Mandel has spoken publicly about having obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), which can take many forms, including mysophobia. <mask>'s anxiety affects him to the point that he does not shake hands with anyone, including enthusiastic contestants on Deal or No Deal, unless he is wearing latex gloves. Instead of shaking contestants' hands when they offer them, <mask> often opts to exchange fist bumps, put his hands on contestants' shoulders, or give an occasional hug. He once kissed a female contestant on the show for good luck despite his disorder. He now takes medicine to control his condition and even pokes fun at himself for it.On March 24, 2006, he revealed on The Howard Stern Show that his shaved head is not related to natural hair loss but to OCD. He stated that the lack of hair makes him feel cleaner. In the back yard of <mask>'s house is a second, smaller house which he had built especially to live in solitude when a family member is sick. During his appearance on Mad TV, <mask> and cast member Bobby Lee made fun of the former's condition. <mask> also confronted his germophobia in Season 4, Episode 1 of the Comedy Central series This Is Not Happening. The show aired on February 3, 2018. While guest-hosting on Live with Regis and Kelly in 2005, Mandel had an altercation in which his hand was seized by guest Rob Schneider, who condescendingly teased Mandel, stating he needed to 'get over' his phobia.Host Kelly Ripa admonished Schneider on-air, while also obtaining hand sanitizer for <mask> from an audience member. In September 2007, <mask> interviewed former NFL running back Marshall Faulk on NFL Network. Faulk asked him to shake hands, but <mask> refused, noting he would rather have the fist tap, as he does with Deal or No Deal contestants. Seconds later, Faulk subjected him to a "sneak attack" and shook his right hand. <mask> screamed and walked away from Faulk. He then washed his hands several times. On a guest appearance on Free Radio, <mask> explained that not only is he afraid of public bathrooms, but he is unable to use any bathroom other than his own.During the season 5 episode of America's Got Talent in Chicago, contestant Zach Carty attempted an act involving sneezing. <mask> pressed his X button at the beginning of the act and ran into an aisle until the act was over. Carty was unable to perform the act. <mask> kept yelling at the other judges, Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne, to press their X buttons and for the audience to turn in his direction. Morgan eventually pressed the X button, but Osbourne refused, so <mask> promptly ran over and pressed her button, ending the act. In a backstage interview, he expressed to the television audience that he receives therapy to help him cope. In another America's Got Talent season 5 incident, Dan Sperry, a contestant on the YouTube quarterfinal episode, dropped some dental floss that he had run through his neck as part of a magic act.He dropped the floss in <mask>'s vicinity, prompting him to get up and run to the other side of the judges' table. Just before Sperry's next performance in the semifinals, <mask> admitted that it was "the most horrified" he'd been on the show and that his therapist "loves [Dan Sperry]" because there had been two extra sessions that week. During the premiere of season 6, juggler Frank Olivier grabbed <mask>'s head to balance himself during a unicycle act. Despite receiving a buzzer from <mask>, Olivier moved on to the next round. <mask> refused to give Olivier any feedback during the judge's voting process. During AGT's 10th season, contestant Chris Jones directly utilized <mask>'s fear of germs as the subject of his hypnotism act. Under the post-hypnotic suggestion that Jones and the other judges were wearing latex gloves, Mandel shook the bare hands of all involved, which elicited shouts of amazement.After viewing the video of the act, <mask> said that he was "upset" and "somewhat betrayed" by the act, but his therapist subsequently said it was a good thing. Jones progressed to the Judge's Cuts where he was eliminated from the competition. <mask> commented in 2011 that he has struggled with the condition since childhood but did not seek help until he was an adult:

Filmography

Film

Television

Comedy specials

Video games

References

External links

 Mandel's official website

1955 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian comedians
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian comedians
21st-century Canadian male actors
Actors with disabilities
America's Got Talent judges
Canadian expatriate male actors in the United States
Canadian game show hosts
Canadian male comedians
Canadian male screenwriters
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian people of Jewish descent
Canadian people of Polish descent
Canadian people of Polish-Jewish descent
Canadian people of Romanian descent
Canadian people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Canadian people with disabilities
Canadian stand-up comedians
Canadian television talk show hosts
Comedians from Toronto
Jewish Canadian comedians
Jewish Canadian male actors
Jewish male comedians
Male actors from Toronto
People from Willowdale, Toronto
People with obsessive–compulsive disorder

masks:
Howard Michael Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Mandel
Little Howie
Howie
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Howie
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Mandel
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Howie
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Terry Mandel
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<mask> (January 8, 1942 – April 7, 2014) was an American college basketball coach. He was the head coach at Indiana State University from 1997 to 2007; at the University of Indianapolis from 1992 to 1997 and the 2007–08 season and at DePauw University from 1988 to 1992. He won 100 or more games at each school and led all three to the NCAA National Tournament; in addition, he led them all to conference regular and tournament championships. His career collegiate record was: 337–263 (.562). He was the color commentator for Indiana basketball broadcasts on radio. <mask> died at the age of 72 in 2014 after a period of declining health. His influence and legacy is represented by the Waltman Coaching Tree consisting of Indiana State coach Greg Lansing, Clemson coach Brad Brownell, who played for him at DePauw; Southeast Missouri & former Mississippi State coach Rick Ray, who coached with Waltman at Indiana State; former UM-Kansas City coach Kareem Richardson, ISU-Evansville coach Stan Gouard and current University of Chicago coach Mike McGrath.His former assistant Todd Sturgeon succeeded him at UIndy, spending 10 years leading the Greyhounds. Long-time assistant Dick Bender is on Brownell's Clemson staff. Coaching career

Indiana State

It took just three seasons for <mask> to return the Sycamores to the spotlight, attracting national attention unlike that since the fabled 1978–79 team danced to the NCAA Championship game. He was named as the 1999–2000 Missouri Valley Conference Coach of The Year. As if an encore was needed, Waltman, in his fourth season at Indiana State, he directed the 2000–01 Sycamores to their first MVC Tournament Championship since the 1978–79 campaign - leading Indiana State to consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances. While Waltman will quickly deflect praise for what the 1999–2000 Sycamores accomplished as being due to the diligent efforts of his entire staff, the achievements which he and his program have attained certainly merit mention of the bold face, large type variety. Be it a mid-December, 63–60, victory at Indiana to claim the Indiana Classic Championship or defeating the Hoosiers again – this time in Terre Haute, recording the University's first 20-win season in 21 years, claiming outright possession of Indiana State's first MVC regular-season title over that same 21-year span or directing the Sycamores to consecutive NCAA Div I Tournament appearances for the first time in the school's history, Waltman's dedication, or to use one of his favorite terms – passion – for his program and the game of basketball are nothing short of amazing.During his ten seasons on the Sycamores’ sidelines, Waltman has produced 14 All-MVC
performers. In addition, 21 student-athletes have garnered MVC All-Academic plaudits. <mask>'s determination to produce a winning program became apparent in his initial two seasons as the Sycamores captured their first back-to-back winning seasons in 20 years. Entering year number three, his Sycamores were picked to make a run for the 1999–2000 Missouri Valley Conference Championship. And run they did, taking the outright MVC regular season title. Winning games and quickly reversing the fortunes of struggling basketball
programs is the hallmark of this veteran coach. Prior to his arrival at Indiana State, Waltman spent the past decade resurrecting basketball programs at the University of Indianapolis and DePauw University.Indianapolis
In his initial season at the helm of the Greyhounds, <mask>'s squad posted the first winning season since the 1988 campaign, the most wins since 1972 and the most conference wins in
school history. That season also saw <mask> lead Indianapolis to then-school records
of eight GLVC victories and the championship of the Peach Basket Classic. The following season his Greyhounds were nationally ranked for the first time in Division II, and he recorded back-to-back winning seasons for the first time in 23 years. In 1995–96 <mask>'s squad received the school's first-ever NCAA Division II Tournament bid after finishing 20–8 in the regular season. Indianapolis recorded a school-record 14 wins in the Great Lakes Valley Conference, and <mask> was selected as the GLVC Coach-of-the-Year. His team posted the school's first postseason win in 32 years in the first round of the NCAA Division II tournament. The Greyhounds were ranked 14th nationally at one point in the season.In 1996–97, <mask> elevated his program to one of the premier basketball teams at the NCAA Division II level. The Greyhounds earned an in-season number-one ranking, eventually finishing as the No. 3 ranked team in the nation. Indianapolis captured the GLVC title with a school-record 23–5 record. For the second year, <mask> was selected by his peers as the GLVC Coach-of-the-Year, winning 16 games in conference and posting the school record winning
streak (18). <mask>'s 1996–97 Greyhounds also established school records for best NCAA Division II season record (23–5) and best NCAA Division II season winning percentage (.821). Waltman's .645 winning percentage at Indianapolis ranks him as the second-winningest coach in the school's history.DePauw
Prior to his stint at Indianapolis, <mask> was the head coach at DePauw University in Greencastle, Ind. During his tenure at that Division III institution, he compiled a record of 100–36. His 1989–90 squad captured the Indiana Collegiate Athletic Conference championship and was national runners-up. His teams were ranked number-one in the nation during both the 1988–89 and 1990–91 seasons. He earned Indiana Collegiate Athletic Conference (ICAC) Coach of the Year honors in 1990 after leading the Tigers to the league championship. The 1991–92 team finished 20–7, making the school's third straight trip to the NCAA playoffs under his guidance. He led the Tigers to their first-ever NCAA Division III number-one ranking in January 1988, and his winning percentage of .730 is second in the school's history.The 1989–90 team was inducted into the DePauw Athletic Hall of Fame in 2003. High school
Prior to becoming a collegiate coach, <mask> spent 15 years as head coach at Bedford High School in Bedford, Pennsylvania. During that tenure, he amassed an overall record of 276–110 and captured 11 league titles and seven district championships. Coach <mask> returned to the high school ranks as an assistant coach; during the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons, he was on staff at Indianapolis Roncalli High School. The Rebels were 31–13 during his stint, with one sectional title. Head coaching record

References

1942 births
2014 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American sports radio personalities
Basketball players from Maryland
Basketball coaches from Maryland
DePauw Tigers men's basketball coaches
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball coaches
Indianapolis Greyhounds men's basketball coaches
Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball coaches
People from Allegany County, Maryland
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball players
Slippery Rock men's basketball players

masks:
Royce Waltman
Waltman
Royce Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman
Waltman


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<mask> (28 August 932 – 20 November 996), also known as <mask> Fearless (French: <mask>s-Peur; Old Norse: Jarl Rikard), was the count of Rouen from 942 to 996. Dudo of Saint-Quentin, whom <mask> commissioned to write the "De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum" (Latin, "On the Customs and Deeds of the First Dukes of Normandy"), called him a dux. However, this use of the word may have been in the context of <mask>'s renowned leadership in war, and not as a reference to a title of nobility. <mask> either introduced feudalism into Normandy or he greatly expanded it. By the end of his reign, the most important Norman landholders held their lands in feudal tenure. Birth
<mask> was born to William Longsword, princeps (chieftain or ruler) of Normandy, and Sprota, a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a more danico marriage. He was also the grandson of the famous Rollo.William was told of the birth of a son after the battle with Riouf and other Viking rebels, but his existence was kept secret until a few years later when William Longsword first met his son <mask>. After kissing the boy and declaring him his heir, William sent <mask> to be raised in Bayeux. <mask> was about ten years old when his father was killed on 17 December 942. After William was killed, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller. Rodulf of Ivry was their son and <mask>'s half-brother. Life

With the death of <mask>'s father in 942, King <mask> of France installed the boy, <mask>, in his father's office. Under the influence of Arnulf <mask>, Count of Flanders, the king took him into Frankish territory and placing him in the custody of the count of Ponthieu before the king reneged and seized the lands of the Duchy of Normandy.He then split up the duchy, giving its lands in lower Normandy to Hugh the Great. <mask> thereafter kept <mask> in close confinement at Lâon, Upon hearing that <mask> was being held in captivity, the boy's foster Osmond de Centville alongside Bernard the Dane had formed a mob of knights and peasants across town and marched to the King's palace where they threatened the king to return him. Louis had protested that he had kept <mask> in his domain to train him in courtliness. He subsequently addresses the mob by holding <mask> up in his arms into the crowd's view and returning him. Bernard de Senlis and <mask> de Bellèsme also assisted in <mask>'s release, along with pagan Norse forces led by Harald of Bayeux. In 946, at the age of 14, <mask> allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders in France and with men sent by King Harold of Denmark. A battle was fought after which <mask> was captured.Hostages were taken and held until King Louis recognised <mask> as Duke, returning Normandy to him. <mask> agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, the Count of Paris, Hugh resolved to form a permanent alliance with <mask> and promised his daughter Emma, who was little more than a girl, as a bride; the marriage would take place in 960. Louis, working with Arnulf, persuaded <mask>, Holy Roman Emperor to attack <mask> and Hugh. The combined armies of Otto, Arnulf, and Louis were driven from the gates of Rouen, fleeing to Amiens and being decisively defeated in 947. A period of peace ensued, Louis dying in 954, 13 year old Lothair becoming king. The middle-aged Hugh appointed <mask> as guardian of his 15-year-old son, Hugh Capet in 955. In 962, Theobald <mask>, Count of Blois, attempted a renewed invasion of Rouen, <mask>'s stronghold, but his troops were summarily routed by Normans under <mask>'s command, and forced to retreat before ever having crossed the Seine river.Lothair, the king of the West Franks, was fearful that <mask>'s retaliation could destabilize a large part of West Francia so he stepped in to prevent any further war between the two. In 987, Hugh Capet became King of the Franks. For the last 30 years until his death in 996 in Fécamp, <mask> concentrated on Normandy itself, and participated less in Frankish politics and its petty wars. In lieu of building up the Norman Empire by expansion, he stabilized the realm and reunited the Normans, forging the reclaimed Duchy of his father and grandfather into West Francia's most cohesive and formidable principality. <mask> died of natural causes in Fecamp, France, on 20 November 996. It was reported that the remains in his grave were not his. Relationships with France, England and the Church
<mask> used marriage to build strong alliances.His marriage to Emma of Paris connected him directly to the House of Capet. His second wife, Gunnor, from a rival Viking group in the Cotentin, formed an alliance to that group, while her sisters formed the core group that were to provide loyal followers to him and his successors. His daughters forged valuable marriage alliances with powerful neighboring counts as well as to the king of England. Emma married firstly Æthelred the Unready and after his death in 1016, the invader, Cnut the Great. Her children included Edward the Confessor, Alfred Aetheling and with Cnut, Harthacnut, so completing a major link between the Duke of Normandy and the Crown of England that would add validity to the claim by William the Conqueror to the throne of England. <mask> also built on his relationship with the church, undertaking acts of piety, restoring their lands and ensuring the great monasteries flourished in Normandy. His further reign was marked by an extended period of peace and tranquility.Marriages and issue

<mask>'s first marriage in 960 was to Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great, and Hedwige of Saxony. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 19 March 968, with no issue. According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke <mask> went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamored with the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she was a virtuous woman and suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herfast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial.Gunnor was, like <mask>, of Viking descent, being part Danish by blood. <mask> finally married her to legitimize their children:

 <mask> II "the Good", Duke of Normandy
 Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux
 Mauger, Count of Corbeil
 Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
 another son
 Emma of Normandy, wife of two kings of England. mother of two kings of England, and step-mother of another two kings of England
 Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
 Hawise of Normandy m. <mask>, Duke of Brittany

Illegitimate children
<mask> was known to have had several other mistresses and had children with many of them. Known children are:

 <mask>, Count of Eu
 William, Count of Eu (ca. 972 – 26 January 1057 or 58), m. Lasceline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057 or 1058). Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montivilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)

Possible children
 Muriella, married Tancred de Hauteville
 Fressenda or Fredesenda (ca. 995-ca.1057), second wife of Tancred de Hauteville. Guimara (Wimarc(a)) (b. ca. 986), died Montivilliers Abbey, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy, wife of Ansfred (Ansfroi) II "le Dane" le Goz, vicomte of Exmes and Falaise, mother of Robert FitzWimarc
 Papia

Notes

References

External links
The Henry Project: <mask> I of Normandy

932 births
996 deaths
10th-century Dukes of Normandy
Norman warriors
People from Fécamp
Dukes of Normandy
Medieval child rulers
10th-century rulers in Europe
10th-century Normans
House of Normandy

masks:
Richard I
Richard the
Richard San
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Louis IV
Richard
I
Louis IV
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Ivo
Richard
Richard
Louis IV
Richard
Richard
Richard
Otto I
Richard
Richard
I
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Geoffrey I
Richard
Geoffrey
Richard


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<mask> (; 29 August 1900 – 30 December 1976) was a Soviet state security official who served as a Deputy Minister of State Security from 1946 to 1953. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 29 August 1900 in Kanino village in Sapozhkovsky Uyezd of Ryazan Governorate in a peasant family of Russian ethnicity. In 1916 he graduated from a two-class primary school and continued his training as an apprentice of a parish clerk in the villages of Ukolovo and Prigorod. In October 1917 he became secretary of the parish executive committee, a post he held until joining the state security system in May 1918. In 1919 he joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). In 1925 he was sent to study in the Higher Border Guard School of the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) that he graduated in 1927. Career in state security
Just 17 years old, he started his career in Cheka, working from May to October 1918 as a secretary of a bureau combating profiteering.In October 1918 he was promoted to an investigator and in March 1919 became the deputy head of a bureau combating counter-revolution. In June 1919 he was transferred from the Sapozhkovsky Uyezd office to the Ryazan Governorate office, where he advanced fast – from operative commissar of search and seizure to the head of weaponry bureau to the assistant of the Cheka plenipotentiary in Ranenburgsky Uyezd. He also participated in combat activities against the units of the Cossack general Konstantin Mamontov. Although Ogoltsov could barely read, he was apparently very effective in finding "counter-revolutionary literature" during his search and seizure operations and soon his name was brought to the attention of Cheka top executives. In April 1920 he was transferred to Moscow, where he served as a commissar of search and seizure under direct supervision of Felix Dzerzhinsky's first deputy Ivan Ksenofontov. In May he was part of the team of security officers who accompanied Dzerzhinsky to Ukraine, where Ogoltsov remained for the next five years. From June 1920 he held various security posts in Poltava Governorate, becoming by the end of the year deputy head of the department combating banditry.In January 1921 he was appointed the head of Cheka in Lokhvytsky Uyezd and in 1922, after Cheka had been renamed the State Political Directorate (GPU), one of the plenipotentiaries in Poltava Governorate. In 1923, <mask> became the Inspector for the Special Branch 14 Infantry Corps based in Kiev. His command was continually transferred in the 1930s to different units within Ukraine, including the 22nd Volochisskogo NKVD border unit, the 26th NKVD border detachment in Odessa, and the 27th NKVD border unit in Sevastopol. He was promoted to the commander officer of the 27th Crimean NKVD border group in 1936. After spending most of the 1930s in Ukraine among various NKVD border units, he joined the NKVD administration in Leningrad in 1939. For the next few years he spent time in Leningrad and Kuibyshev until he was made the Commissar of State Security of the Kazakh SSR in 1944. While at this position, Ogoltsov participated in the deportation of many Soviet peoples to the Kazakh SSR.From 1945 he served as the Deputy Minister of State Security of the USSR (until 1946 Deputy People's Commissar of State Security). In 1951 <mask> was appointed the 1st Deputy Minister of State Security of the USSR. Joseph Stalin then nominated <mask> for Minister of State Security after the removal of Vsevolod Nikolayevich Merkulov, but he initially refused, citing a lack of knowledge and experience. In 1952 <mask> served as the Minister of Public Security in Uzbekistan and then became the Head of Main Intelligence Directorate of the MVD. His final position was as the First Deputy Minister of State Security. Coordinated operations

In early 1920s Ogoltsov coordinated the operations against Ukrainian nationalists and anarchists, including the units of Nestor Makhno, in Poltava Governorate. His strategy was simple: a number of people from villages supporting the counter-revolutionaries were taken hostage and if the villagers refused to reveal the locations of counter-revolutionary units, the hostages were executed.The discovered units were completely annihilated as <mask> had given a command not to take any prisoners in armed combat. As the head of NKVD in Kuybyshev Ogoltsov was in charge of execution of a Polish-Jewish social and political activist Victor Alter. Alter and his colleague Henryk Ehrlich had been arrested already in 1939 after the invasion of Poland and accused of activities against the Communist movement in Poland, but pardoned in August 1941. However, in December 1941 they were again detained with no reason given for their arrest. In December 1941 they were sentenced to death behind their back as traitors. Ehrlich managed to commit suicide in prison in May 1942 but Alter was executed in February 1943. An official report to the Deputy People's Commissar of the NKVD Vsevolod Merkulov on the execution of Alter, signed by Ogoltsov, has been preserved.As the Deputy Minister of State Security of the USSR (1946–1951) <mask> was the ministry level coordinator of several mass deportations in the Soviet Union. In October 1947 he and the Ukrainian Minister of State Security <mask> coordinated operation West (in Russian Zapad), removing a large number of people (according to the official statistics 77,791 persons) accused of nationalism and banditry, along with their family members from Western Ukraine. In May 1948 he was the general coordinator for operation Spring (in Russian Vesna) in Lithuanian SSR, deporting, according to the official statistics, 39,482 people, along with their family members, accused of nationalism, banditry and being kulaks. In 1949 he was in charge of operation Breaking Wave (in Russian Priboy) directed against the three Baltic republics of the USSR – Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR and Lithuanian SSR. The deportations took place simultaneously in all three Soviet republics on 25 March 1949 and resulted in total of 94,775 people removed from these territories. In the same role he also coordinated the murder of Jewish actor and producer Solomon Mikhoels in 1948 in Minsk, Belarus. Robert Conquest, a British historian and author, wrote in his book Reflections on a Ravaged Century that Mikhoels "was clubbed to death at Belorussia's KGB dacha on January 1948 under the supervision of Stalin's Deputy Minister of State Security, <mask>."According to some sources <mask> was picked for the operation personally by Joseph Stalin. For successful execution of the operation he was awarded his third Order of the Red Banner. When Lavrenti Beria came to power in 1953 and revised the antisemitic policies of Stalin's last years, <mask> was arrested due to his involvement in Mikhoels' murder and stripped of the order awarded to him in 1948. Retirement

After Stalin's death, <mask> was removed from his position as the First Deputy Minister of State Security by Beria and arrested on 3 April 1953 for the murder of Solomon Mikhoels. Soon after Beria was removed from power <mask> was released on 6 August 1953 and appointed to the personnel department of the Ministry of State Security. However, already in January 1954 he was retired from active duty. On 14 February 1958 he was also excluded from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for fabricating cases against professors in Leningrad universities in 1940s.On 8 June 1959 he was stripped of his rank and all state decorations. He died on 30 December 1976 and was buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery in Moscow. Career and Destiny. He writes: "Of all the deputies Abakumov had, Ogoltsov left an impression being the most reasonable and businesslike. He also seemed less tainted by dirty affairs than the others until it became known what he had actually done. <mask> was the head of the operation to murder the artistic director of the State Jewish Theatre Solomon Mikhailovich Mikhoels in January 1948." Ogoltsov had at least one daughter, Nataliya (died in 1994).See also
 World War II crimes in Poland
 NKVD prisoner massacres
 Population transfer in the Soviet Union
 Stalin and antisemitism

References

1900 births
1976 deaths
People from Ryazan Governorate
Bolsheviks
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Commissars 3rd Class of State Security
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class

masks:
Sergei Ivanovich Ogoltsov
Sergei Ivanovich Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Sergei Savchenko
Sergei Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov
Ogoltsov


text_chunks:
<mask> (born c. 14 A.D., fl. 79 A.D.) was a banker who lived in the Roman town of Pompeii around 14 A.D.–79 A.D. His house still stands and can be seen in the ruins of the city of Pompeii which remain after being partially destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. This house is known for its beauty, along with some material found about bank book-keeping and wax tablets, which were receipts. He is well known for being a central character in the Cambridge Latin Course series. Life

The Pompeian banker Caecilius was born around the end of Augustus's reign (c. 15 AD) to a freedman named Felix, who was also a banker. By 58 AD he was well-established as a successful banker who dealt with a wide variety of Pompeians. Freedmen and slaves performed many small business tasks for Iucundus, such as signing receipts as witnesses and collecting payments from clients.Many names of elite Pompeian citizens occur frequently in his transaction records, suggesting that Caecilius also had dealings with the upper class of his town. In fact, he even traveled to nearby Nuceria to help the wealthy Praetorian Guard senior centurion Publius Alfenus Varus resell some slaves that he had purchased in an auction. He had at least two sons, Sextus Caecilius Iucundus Metellus and Quintus Caecilius Iucundus. Caecilius departed from the traditional naming system, giving each of his sons a name that implied a relationship with the illustrious family of the Caecilii Metella. The tablets that Caecilius left behind suggest that he died in the earthquake on 5 February 62, since his records stop a few days before that date. Banking in Pompeii
Caecilius was a type of banker called an argentarius, which meant that he acted as a middleman in auctions. The Pompeian argentarius would pay the vendor for the purchased item and then grant the buyer a time frame in which to repay him.According to the records of Caecilius, mostly dating from the 50s, the buyers had between a few months and a year to repay the loan to the argentarius. The argentarius would receive interest on the loan, as well as a commission known as a merces. Some argentarii, called coactores argentarii, collected debt money in addition to making arrangements in the auctions, while other argentarii were assisted by coactores who collected the debts for them. It is uncertain whether Caecilius was a coactor argentarius or simply an argentarius. Wax tablets
Caecilius kept many private records of his business transactions on wax tablets, many of which were found in his house in 1875. Of the 153 tablets discovered, sixteen document contracts between Caecilius and the city of Pompeii; the remaining 137 are receipts from auctions on behalf of third parties. Seventeen of these tablets record loans that he advanced to buyers of auction items.In addition to the transaction information, Caecilius' tablets record the names of vendors and witnesses to the arrangements. The lists of witnesses also give some insight into the social structure of Pompeii, since Caecilius had his witnesses sign in order of social status. The tablets include a reference to the freedman Marcus Venerius Secundio, whose tomb in the Porta Sarno Necropolis was excavated in 2021. The tablets themselves are triptychs, which means that they have three wooden leaves tied together to make six pages. Wax was put on the inner four pages, and the receipt was written on these surfaces. The tablet was then closed and wrapped with a string, over which the witnesses placed their wax seals. This prevented the document itself from being altered, and there was a brief description of the receipt written on the outside for identification purposes.Inscription from a tablet
The following is the translation of a 56 AD receipt for the proceeds of an auction sale. In this inscription, Caecilius was very exact in the details. He included the date and the list of witnesses, which were listed in descending order of social status. So by examining several of his tablets, it is possible to determine the relative social standings of clients with whom Caecilius arranged numerous transactions. House

Caecilius' house still stands on Stabiae Street (Reg V, Ins 1, 26) in Pompeii today, and it provides many interesting pieces of information both about Caecilius and Pompeii. Many fine and well-known frescoes were found here. Archaeologists also discovered wax tablets there.The Lararium, or shrine, in his house features a relief depicting the Temple of Jupiter during the 62 AD earthquake. The atrium was once decorated with paintings and the floor is decorated with a black and white mosaic and at the entrance a reclining dog is depicted. Several graffiti messages have been found on the walls of the house, including one that reads "May those who love prosper; let them perish who cannot love; let them perish twice over who veto love." The tablinum, or study, in Caecilius' house contains some beautiful wall paintings, and an amphora given by one of his sons to the other was also found in the house. Depictions in fiction

Book One of the Cambridge Latin Course is a fictional account of the life of Iucundus, who is referred to as Caecilius in the series. In the book he has a wife, Metella, whose name means "little basket of stones", and a son, Quintus, on whom books two and three in the series are based. He also has two slaves; a gardener named Clemens, and a cook named Grumio.It is also revealed that Caecilius once had another slave, Felix. However, after he saved Quintus from a kidnapping attempt, the banker released him. In the book, Caecilius dies in the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. However, as stated earlier, it is now believed that he actually perished in the 62 AD earthquake that preceded the eruption, since the records of his negotiated contracts cease shortly before then. Caecilius, along with his banking profession, also has a minor role in Robert Harris's 2003 novel Pompeii. In a 2008 episode of television science-fiction series Doctor Who entitled "The Fires of Pompeii", Peter Capaldi portrays Lobus Caecilius, a marble merchant based on Caecilius. In this story, he and his family are saved from the eruption by the Doctor, who transports them to safety.References

External links

 Some pictures: House and wall painting
 Caecilius at Nova Roma
 German woodcut depicting the bas-relief from the house of <mask>cilius Jucundus
 Reconstruction of <mask> house in Pompeii by 3D technology

1st-century births
62 deaths
Roman archaeology
Roman-era inhabitants of Italy
Ancient Roman bankers
1st-century Romans
Iucundus, <mask>
People from Pompeii (ancient city)
Deaths in earthquakes

masks:
Lucius Caelius Iucus
Lucius Cae
Lucius
Lucius