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<mask> (born April 5, 1941) is an American-Canadian television, stage, and screen actor and jazz musician. He received an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for his first acting role on American television as a Nazi SS officer in the 1978 mini-series Holocaust as well as a Tony Award in 1974 for his performance in the play Find Your Way Home. He played Executive Assistant District Attorney Benjamin Stone for the first four seasons (1990–1994) of the television show Law & Order. Moriarty is also known for his roles in films such as Bang the Drum Slowly, Who'll Stop the Rain, Q: The Winged Serpent, The Stuff, Pale Rider, Troll, Courage Under Fire, and Shiloh. Early life
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, on April 5, 1941. He is the son of Elinor (née Paul) and <mask>, a surgeon. His grandfather George Moriarty was a third baseman, umpire and manager in major league baseball for nearly 40 years.Moriarty attended middle school at Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills before transferring to the University of Detroit Jesuit High School, graduating in 1959. He then matriculated at Dartmouth College, where he was a theatre college major, in the class of 1963. After receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree, he left for London, England, where he enrolled in the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA), having received a Fulbright Scholarship. Acting career
Before gaining fame in films, Moriarty worked for several years as an actor at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis. In 1973, Moriarty was cast as the egocentric Henry Wiggen in Bang the Drum Slowly opposite Robert De Niro as a slow-witted catcher who becomes terminally ill. In the same year, Moriarty starred in a TV movie adaptation of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie with Katharine Hepburn. Coincidentally, the film also featured Sam Waterston, who later replaced Moriarty as the Executive Assistant District Attorney on Law & Order.Moriarty's role in The Glass Menagerie (as "Jim," the Gentleman Caller; Waterston played the son "Tom") won him an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 1974, Moriarty starred as rookie detective Bo Lockley in the acclaimed police drama Report to the Commissioner. Moriarty won a Tony Award in 1974 for his performance in the play Find Your Way Home. His career on the screen was slow to develop while his theatre career was flourishing. He starred as the German SS officer Erik Dorf in the television miniseries Holocaust, which earned him another Emmy. Through the 1980s, Moriarty starred in such Larry Cohen movies as Q, The Stuff, It's Alive III: Island of the Alive, and A Return to Salem's Lot (much later, he appeared in Cohen's Masters of Horror episode "Pick Me Up"), as well as in Clint Eastwood's Pale Rider and The Hanoi Hilton. In 1986, he starred in the fantasy science fiction movie Troll, playing the role of Harry Potter Sr. (unrelated to the Harry Potter series).In 1989, Moriarty starred in the HBO production Tailspin: Behind the Korean Airliner Tragedy, which dramatized the Soviet Union's shoot-down of Korean Air Lines flight 007 in 1983. He portrayed U.S. Air Force Major Hank Daniels, who was largely ignored (if not ridiculed) for showing how the ill-fated airliner had strayed off course into air space known by the Soviets to be used by U.S. Air Force electronic surveillance planes as they approached Soviet air space. From 1990 to 1994, Moriarty starred as Ben Stone on Law & Order. He left the show in 1994, alleging that his departure was a result of his threatening a lawsuit against then-Attorney General Janet Reno, who had cited Law & Order as offensively violent. Moriarty criticized Reno's comment and claimed that she wanted to censor not only shows like Law & Order but also such fare as Murder, She Wrote. He later accused Law & Order executive producer Dick Wolf of not taking his concerns seriously and claimed that Wolf and other network executives were "caving in" to Reno's "demands" on the issue of TV violence. On September 20, 1994, on The Howard Stern Show, he made an offer to NBC, claiming that he would return to his role on the show if Dick Wolf was fired.Moriarty published a full-page advertisement in a Hollywood trade magazine calling upon fellow artists to stand up with him against attempts to censor TV show content. He subsequently wrote and published The Gift of Stern Angels, his account of this time in his life. In the fictional Law & Order universe, the Ben Stone character resigns from the D.A. 's office in 1994 after a witness in one of his cases is murdered. The February 7, 2018, episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit shows Sam Waterston's character, Jack McCoy, delivering a eulogy at Stone's funeral. Wolf and others working on Law & Order tell a different story, however. On November 18, 1993, <mask> and Wolf, along with other television executives, met with Reno to dissuade her from supporting any law that would censor the show.Wolf said that Moriarty overreacted to any effect the law was likely to have on the show. Law & Order producers claim they were forced to remove Moriarty from the series because of "erratic behavior," an example of which reportedly happened during the filming of the episode "Breeder" when, according to the episode's director Arthur Forney, Moriarty was unable to deliver his lines with a straight face. Series and network officials deny any connection between his departure and Janet Reno. Wolf also denies that the show has become less violent, graphic or controversial since 1994. Moriarty acted in The Last Detail, Courage Under Fire, Along Came a Spider, Shiloh, Emily of New Moon and James Dean, for which he won his third Emmy. In 2007 he debuted his first feature-length film as screenwriter and performed the role of a man who thinks he is Adolf Hitler in Hitler Meets Christ. Musical career
In addition to his acting career, Moriarty is a semi-professional jazz pianist and singer as well as a classical composer.He has recorded three jazz albums (though the first, Reaching Out, went unreleased). He has regularly performed live in both New York City and Vancouver with a jazz trio and quintet. In a 1990 concert review, New York Times reviewer Stephen Holden called Moriarty "a jazz pianist of considerable skill, an oddball singer with more than one vocal personality, and a writer of eccentric, jivey jazz songs." Politics
Moriarty is politically active, describing himself as a "centrist" and sometimes as a "realist". Moriarty announced his intention to run for the presidency in 2008 in an interview in the November 2005 issue of Northwest Jazz Profile, but he never formally declared his candidacy. He later endorsed fellow former Law & Order actor Fred Thompson for the presidency during the 2008 Republican primaries, as well as Carly Fiorina during the 2016 primary election cycle. He has been a frequent contributor of numerous political columns to the Enter Stage Right online Journal of Conservatism.Personal life
Shortly after leaving Law & Order, Moriarty moved to Canada, declaring himself a political exile. He lived for a time in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where he was granted Canadian citizenship, and Toronto before settling in Vancouver. Moriarty resides in Maple Ridge, British Columbia, where he acts, writes and plays music. In 2006, in the blog Enter Stage Right Moriarty wrote that he was a "very bad drunk" but as of 2004 had been sober for two years. Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

 <mask> at the Internet Off-Broadway Database

Yahoo Movies: <mask>y
<mask>y UUU fan site (via archive.org): includes semi-regular blog posts by Moriarty
<mask>y (Aveleyman)

1941 births
Living people
American bloggers
Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
American male film actors
American emigrants to Canada
American jazz pianists
American male pianists
American male television actors
Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (television) winners
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners
Dartmouth College alumni
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Michigan Republicans
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners
Musicians from Detroit
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Male actors from Detroit
People from Maple Ridge, British Columbia
Tony Award winners
University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy alumni
20th-century American pianists
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
Jazz musicians from Michigan
21st-century American pianists
American male bloggers
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

masks:
Michael Moriarty
Michael Moriarty
George Moriarty
Moriarty
Michael Moriarty
Michael Moriart
Michael Moriart
Michael Moriart


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<mask> is a Bolivian sculptor. He creates a wide variety of sculptures for many purposes. Although he sculpts in many different countries, most of his major works have been made in the United States, England, and Bolivia. Introduction
With important commissions in the United States, South America and Europe, Bolivian born sculptor <mask> remains largely unknown to the general public and the art world establishment. Despite a large body of work in the hands of major public institutions and private collectors, <mask> has been a well-kept secret for most of his professional life. His work is rooted in the figurative tradition of Renaissance and Baroque sculpture and the work of Michelangelo, Leonardo and Bernini specifically. Thus his output reflects a strong interest in representational work of the highest order.Biographical and educational background
<mask>, born in La Paz, Bolivia in 1969, lives and works in Gloucester, Massachusetts. His interest in art as a young child is tied to early pottery classes he attended with his mother. As a young adult, <mask> left Bolivia behind and embarked on a course of study and training. After travels in Europe and a year at the Studio Arts Center International in Florence, Italy from 1989 to 1990, he attended The School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MA), and graduated from Tufts University, where he received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1994. From 1990 to 1992, he completed Anatomical Studies at Tufts University Medical School in Boston where he focused on the dissection of the human body. This concentration provides a direct link to Michelangelo and Leonardo and the humanistic development of an art based on a clear physical understanding of bone, muscle and sinew. Context
Much of what <mask> brings to his work can be traced to his birth and upbringing in Bolivia and the traditions of twentieth century Latin American art, including an affinity for hyperrealism and the intense emotionalism to which surrealism often subscribes.<mask> partakes of the New World's hybrid culture and the strong influence – aesthetic and intellectual – of European Enlightenment ideals, which helped forge the independent countries of the Americas in the nineteenth century. His generation is perhaps the last to include individuals who experienced the power of this link in Latin America. Indeed, many of his peers had already shifted their attention away from Paris and Rome to the world of the New York art scene on the one hand and to the autochthonous cultures of Latin America on the other. Of his art and place in history <mask> says the following:  "For me sculpture conveys a force and poetry that echoes a sense of permanence. My work has its grounding in both classical technique and representation. I cannot, however, ignore my times or the culture that I come from, and so my work is a marriage in progress of all that is me. More importantly, however, is the fact my work has the freedom to go where it wants without hindrance.The only guiding imperative is to work honestly towards the kind of quality in sculpture that springs from the dedicated application of standards revealed through the work itself and its progressive development." Work
<mask>'s oeuvre comprises a broad range of sculptural work including related drawings and maquettes. His finished commissions are primarily cast bronze or carved stone. There are bas-reliefs and portrait busts, monumental figurative sculptural works in private and public settings including corporate collections, educational institutions, religious settings and public spaces. The figures he is asked to portray – e.g. Charles Darwin, St. Ignatius of Loyola, Cesar Chavez – are historically transformational. As a public artist, his projects are often collaborative and provide the opportunity to partner with architects and landscape architects.A good example is the Mayor Kevin White Tribute in Boston, Massachusetts, where he worked closely with the well-established firm of Halvorson Design Partnership to design the space that surrounds the monumental nine-foot bronze figure of Mayor White. His contributions to civic spaces in New England are significant as are those in South America. With the technical skill that allows him to imbue clay and bronze with the breath of life, <mask> allows the viewer to imagine a place for tradition within the revolution that is always a part of contemporary art in the western world. A major example of his work is the monumental 10-foot bronze figure of St. Ignatius of Loyola located on the campus of Boston College. The figure is earthbound, but clearly caught in an ascending vortex of movement, which transcends its material.

masks:
Pablo Eduardo
Pablo Eduardo
Eduardo
Pablo Eduardo
Eduardo
Eduardo
Pablo
Eduardo
Eduardo
Eduardo


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<mask> (born 8 September 1956) is a Swedish racing driver who drove in Formula One for both Ferrari and McLaren, among other teams. Since leaving Formula One he has won the 1997 24 Hours of Le Mans and raced in a number of categories, including CART, various kinds of Sports car racing and Grand Prix Masters. He is also the manager of New Zealander Scott Dixon (winner of the 2008 Indianapolis 500), fellow Swede Felix Rosenqvist (winner of the 2015 European Formula 3 Championship), Canadian Zachary Claman DeMelo and Ed Jones. Formula One career
<mask>'s route to Formula One was via the British Formula 3 Championship, which he won in 1980 driving for future McLaren team boss Ron Dennis' Project Four team. In Formula One he participated in 103 grands prix, debuting on 13 January 1980 for the Shadow Racing Team at the 1980 Argentine Grand Prix when he was still a Formula Three regular. He failed to qualify for the race and the next race in Brazil and he was not seen in Formula One again until 1983, after spending 1982 in the European Formula Two Championship with Spirit Racing, where he finished eighth overall, his best finish being third at Mugello in Italy. 1983
<mask>'s first Formula One race with Spirit was at the non-championship 1983 Race of Champions at Brands Hatch, where he failed to finish due to failure of the Honda engine on lap four.His qualifying time was almost 20 seconds off the pole time set by  World Champion Keke Rosberg in his Williams-Cosworth, but his times in the race morning warm-up session were within a second of the Ferrari 126C2B of René Arnoux, who was fastest. He moved up to seventh place before pulling into the pits with another engine failure. Anecdotally, then-BBC commentator Murray Walker said on air that Spirit and Honda had completed thousands of miles of trouble-free testing until that point. Spirit continued to test and develop the 201C and <mask> re-entered Formula One at the 1983 British Grand Prix at Silverstone where he qualified the car in a credible 14th position. He raced in a further five Grands Prix in 1983, with a best finish of seventh in the Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort. 1984

<mask> was replaced at Spirit by Mauro Baldi for the  season when the team lost its Honda engines to Williams and he didn't race until he joined Tyrrell in Round 10 of the championship, the British Grand Prix at Brands Hatch, as a replacement for the injured Martin Brundle. He then went on to drive for Toleman for the last few Grands Prix of the season in place of the injured Johnny Cecotto, finishing fourth in the Italian Grand Prix at Monza.While at Toleman, <mask>'s regular teammate was future triple World Drivers' Champion Ayrton Senna. 1985–1986

<mask> signed a contract with Toleman for  but it fell through when Toleman failed to secure a tyre agreement. Instead <mask> started again with Tyrrell as a replacement for the suspended <mask> before being called up to Ferrari when René Arnoux was mysteriously sacked after the first race of the season in Brazil. He led his second race with Ferrari at their 'home' race, the San Marino Grand Prix, and two laps from home passed Senna's out of fuel Lotus to the delight of the Tifosi and would probably have won if his Ferrari 156/85 had not run out of fuel itself just half a lap after taking the lead. His role at Ferrari for the 1985 season was primarily to back up Michele Alboreto's championship challenge, though he did finish second to the Italian at Canada and backed it up with second in the next race at Detroit. In  he often outpaced Alboreto, despite the Italian being the team's lead driver. The V6 turbo in the Ferrari F1/86 lacked nothing in power compared to the Honda, BMW, Renault and TAG-Porsche engines, but the car itself proved to be difficult, with both drivers complaining through the season about lack of downforce and the car's reluctance to drive well on all but the smoothest of circuits.<mask> finished the 1986 Drivers' Championship his best ever position in fifth place while Alboreto, who finished second in 1985, could only manage ninth place. There were many in Formula One, including highly respected then-BBC commentators Murray Walker and  World Champion James Hunt, who believed that Ferrari were sacking the wrong driver, given that the Swede had generally outshone his more highly paid teammate throughout the season. 1987
He was replaced at Ferrari by Austrian Gerhard Berger for  and he moved to McLaren as number two driver behind double and reigning World Champion Alain Prost. McLaren weren't as competitive in 1987 as they had been in 1984–1986, with Prost only adding three wins to his tally (and beating the record of 27 Grand Prix wins held by Jackie Stewart with his 28th win in Portugal) and failing to successfully defend his Drivers' Championship. Further podium finishes did follow for the Swede and <mask> finished sixth in the Drivers' Championship. <mask>'s position at McLaren was considered by many as just a stop gap signing by team boss Ron Dennis who had failed to lure Ayrton Senna from Lotus due to him being under contract until the end of 1987 and always intended signing the Brazilian for . <mask> famously finished the 1987 German Grand Prix on three wheels having had a puncture on the last lap.He also finished second behind Prost in Belgium and added further podium finishes in Brazil, Spain and Japan. Despite 11 podiums in three seasons, <mask> was still winless and was not wanted by a top team (he had hoped to join Williams in 1988 as a replacement for the departing 1987 World Champion Nelson Piquet but Williams signed Riccardo Patrese instead). He did return to McLaren in a test-driver capacity in 1991, testing the Honda V12 engine at Suzuka in Japan. 1988–1991
He joined Ligier for 1988, ironically alongside the man he replaced at Ferrari, René Arnoux, but the team's first non-turbo powered car since , the Michel Beaujon-designed JS31 powered by a naturally aspirated Judd V8 engine, was totally uncompetitive, scoring no points and often failed to qualify, even against teams with much smaller budgets such as AGS and Rial (the French team's low point of the year was when both <mask> and Arnoux failed to qualify for the French Grand Prix at Paul Ricard in the first weekend of July). Unfortunately for <mask>, he failed to come to grips with the JS31, recording six non-qualifications during the season (compared to Arnoux who only failed to qualify twice). He did record the car's two best finishes of the year though, ninth placings in the opening race of the season in Brazil and the last race in Australia. Better was to follow in  as he was signed to lead the new Onyx team.The car was temperamental and didn't always qualify, but <mask> finished a surprise and popular third in Portugal for his last (and the team's only) podium finish. He fell out with new team owner Peter Monteverdi in early 1990 and was duly sacked, making further appearances for AGS and Footwork in . <mask>'s record of podium finishes without a win was equalled by Nick Heidfeld at the 2009 Malaysian Grand Prix, who then took the record outright at the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix. In his 11-year Grand Prix career, in which he drove for 10 different teams, <mask> achieved 12 podiums (including 4 second places) and scored a total of 88 championship points. CART career
For 1992 he moved over to CART Championship Car, winning the Rookie of the Year title with two third places, ahead of Belgium's Éric Bachelart. His first pole came at Portland the next year, but as in Formula One he never won a race. From 1992 to 1996, he started 73 races and had his best season overall in 1994, finishing in 11th.During this time, he competed in the 1993–1995 Indianapolis 500. At the 1996 Molson Indy Toronto race, he was involved in an accident that claimed the life of fellow driver Jeff Krosnoff and track marshal Gary Avrin. After making wheel to wheel contact, Jeff's car hit the barriers and also a tree and lamp post that was too close to the track. Krosnoff died instantly of the injuries sustained from hitting the lamp post. After Formula One: Sports Cars and team ownership
Before his Formula One career <mask> had participated in sports car races such as 24 Hours of Le Mans, and had won two World Sportscar Championship races in the 1980s (the Mugello round in 1983, driving a Joest Racing Porsche 956 with Bob Wollek, and the 1988 Spa Francorchamps race in a Sauber C9 with Mauro Baldi). After retiring from CART at the end of the 1996 season he returned to this type of racing. During 1997 he recorded two major race wins, at the 12 Hours of Sebring driving a Ferrari 333 SP with Andy Evans, Fermín Vélez and Yannick Dalmas.Later in 1997 <mask> also won at Le Mans where he drove a TWR-Porsche WSC-95 for Joest Racing alongside his Ferrari F1 teammate of 1985 and 1986 Michele Alboreto, and young Dane Tom Kristensen. For Kristensen it was to be the first of a record (as of 2013) 9 wins in the famous French classic. In 1997 <mask> founded a successful Indy Lights team running Fredrik Larsson and Jeff Ward; in 1998 its drivers were Guy Smith and Luiz Garcia Jr.; for 1999 the seats went to Scott Dixon and Ben Collins. During 1998 & 1999 <mask> raced for various sports car teams (like the unreliable Audi R8C Coupé at Le Mans) but in 2000 he started <mask>-Matthews racing with an American businessman called Jim Matthews. They competed in the American Le Mans Series using a Reynard 2KQ prototype. Unfortunately this wasn't a successful vehicle in its original form (though it was later developed into various other successful cars including the Zytek that he later raced) and the partnership dissolved. In 2001 <mask> campaigned an Audi R8 prototype with backing from Gulf Oil and the assistance of Mike Earle's Arena team.That year he raced in the European Le Mans Series, the American Le Mans Series and at Le Mans itself. His co-drivers were Guy Smith and Patrick Lemarie. At Le Mans Smith was replaced by Tom Coronel. 2002 saw <mask> back in an Audi R8 but this time one run by the Miami based Champion Racing team. His co-driver was ex Formula One driver Johnny Herbert and they competed in the American Le Mans Series. For 2003, he returned to CART as a team owner, running American Spirit Team Johansson with Jimmy Vasser and Ryan Hunter-Reay as drivers. This was one of many new teams for the 2003 CART season; ironically, Bachelart's Mi-Jack Conquest Racing team was another.The team was under-funded, and although Hunter-Reay scored a fluke win in the wet conditions at Australia, it folded at the end of the season. After only competing in a couple of celebrity races and occasional outings in the works Zytek in 2004 <mask> returned to full-time racing in 2005 driving the Chip Ganassi run New Century Mortgage sponsored Lexus Riley Daytona Prototype in the American Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series. With co-driver Cort Wagner he scored his best finish, a second place, at Mont Tremblant in Canada, they finished the year in fifth place in the championship. In 2006 as well as the Grand Prix Masters series, <mask> has made occasional appearances in Grand-Am for the Cheever and CITGO teams, and has continued an association with the works Zytek team in the Le Mans Series. 2007 saw <mask> competing in a Highcroft Racing Courage-Acura in the LMP2 class of the American Le Mans Series, sharing with David Brabham. He was due to race a Zytek at Le Mans in 2007, but the team could not rebuild the car in time after a test-day accident, and <mask> made a last minute deal to drive a works Courage. <mask> took part in the inaugural Speedcar Series in 2008, where luck once again deserted him as the victim of a lot of other drivers' accidents.For 2008 <mask> did not have a full-time sports car drive, but had some outings planned in the Highcroft Acura ARX-01 in the ALMS and a place with the Epsilon Euskadi team at Le Mans. Outside the cockpit, <mask> has a number of business ventures (including managing several successful drivers such as Scott Dixon) and is a keen artist – he is particularly known for his watch designs. Also "Lill-Lövis" does expert commentary on Viasat Motor during Formula One races on occasion. In 2011 he raced a Pescarolo-Judd in the Petit Le Mans 10 Hours and a Ford GT3 in the Malaysian 12 Hours at Sepang. In 2012 he returned to the 24 Hours of Le Mans, racing a Lola B12/80. In popular culture

<mask> was the inspiration for the song "Speedway at Nazareth" by Mark Knopfler. Career results

Career summary

Complete European Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

 Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.Complete World Sportscar Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

American open-wheel results
(key)

CART
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

Indianapolis 500

Complete Macau Grand Prix results

Complete Grand Prix Masters results
(key) Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap. Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

External links

1956 births
Living people
People from Växjö
Swedish racing drivers
Swedish Formula One drivers
Shadow Formula One drivers
Spirit Formula One drivers
Tyrrell Formula One drivers
Toleman Formula One drivers
Ferrari Formula One drivers
McLaren Formula One drivers
Ligier Formula One drivers
Onyx Formula One drivers
AGS Formula One drivers
Arrows Formula One drivers
Champ Car drivers
Indianapolis 500 drivers
Rolex Sports Car Series drivers
European Formula Two Championship drivers
British Formula Three Championship drivers
Grand Prix Masters drivers
American Le Mans Series drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans winning drivers
Speedcar Series drivers
European Le Mans Series drivers
TC 2000 Championship drivers
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
World Sportscar Championship drivers
FIA World Endurance Championship drivers
Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
12 Hours of Sebring drivers

masks:
Stefan Nils Edwin Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Stefan Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Stefan Bellof
Johansson
Johansson
Stefan Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson
Johansson


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<mask> (December 14, 1877 – April 14, 1950) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Army with the rank of major general in the United States Army. A West Point alumnnus, Trott participated in the Philippine–American War and World War I, where he distinguished himself as chief of staff of the 5th Division. Following the War, <mask> remained in the Army and rose through the ranks to General officer rank. He completed his career as Commanding general, Fifth Corps Area in September 1941, shortly before the United States entry into World War II. Early career

<mask><mask> was born on December 14, 1877 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as the son of immigrants from Germany. Following high school, he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, where he became active in the baseball team and was nicknamed "The Baron" due to his German ancestry. Trott graduated on February 15, 1899 with Bachelor's degree and was commissioned second lieutenant in the Infantry branch.Many of his classmates became general officers later: Samuel T<mask>, Charles M. Bundel, Clifton C. Carter, Stanley D. Embick, Robert C. Foy, Stuart Heintzelman, Charles D. Herron, Evan H. Humphrey, Frederick B. Kerr, Leon Kromer, Duncan K. Major Jr., Edward M. Markham, George Van Horn Moseley, Ephraim G. Peyton, George S. Simonds or James A. Woodruff. Following the graduation, Trott was ordered to Camp Baker near Walker, Minnesota for service with 7th Infantry Regiment. The Seventh Infantry was ordered to San Carlos, Arizona in May 1900 and Trott participated in the guarding of the Mexican Border until August that year, when it was ordered to Fort Logan, Colorado. He was promoted to first lieutenant on September 15, 1900 and joined 5th Infantry Regiment at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Trott embarked for the Philippines by the end of March 1901 and participated in the combats against Moro insurgents until November 1903, when he was ordered back to the United States. Upon his arrival stateside, he was stationed at the Plattsburg Barracks until he was ordered to the Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in August 1904. Trott graduated with honors in July of the following year and attended the Command and Staff College also located there.He completed the instruction on August 20, 1906 and was promoted to the rank of captain. Trott was subsequently ordered back to the United States Military Academy at West Point and assumed duty as an Instructor in the Department of Law. Due to his interest in the baseball during his tenure at the Academy as a Cadet, Trott accepted additional duty as Manager of the team and brought famous coach Sammy Strang to the team. Trott left West Point in August 1910 and joined his old outfit, 5th Infantry Regiment at Plattsburg Barracks. He served as an Instructor at the Army School of the Line at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas from August to December 1912 and then sailed with 8th Infantry Regiment back to the Philippines. His second tour in that country ended in September 1915, when he returned stateside and joined the 24th Infantry Regiment at the Presidio of San Francisco. Trott served with his new regiment at Presidio until February 1916, then moved to the Fort D.A.Russell, Wyoming. However during Pancho Villa Expedition in March that year, the 24th Infantry joined the punitive expedition to Mexico and participated in the skirmishes with Villa's forces. World War I

By the beginning of November 1916, <mask> returned to the United States and assumed duty as Assistant Professor of Military Science and Tactics at University of Illinois. During his tenure there, United States entered the World War I and <mask> was given new assignment. He was promoted to major on May 15, 1917 and ordered to Fort Sheridan, Illinois, where he assumed duty first as Company and then battalion commander within Officers' Training Camp. Trott was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel on August 5, 1917 and ordered to Camp Sherman, Ohio, where he joined 330th Infantry Regiment, 83rd Division. He was tasked with training of Guardsmen of Ohio National Guard until December 1917 and embarked for France.In January 1918, <mask> joined the British 21st Division as an Observer and after three weeks in that capacity, he was ordered to the Army General Staff College at Langres. He completed the course and served as an Instructor until the end of June 1918, when he served again as an observer, now with American 1st and 2nd Divisions during the combats at Château Thierry and Montdidier fronts. Trott then rejoined 83rd Division by the beginning of July 1918 and served as Divisional Chief of Staff under Major general Edwin F. Glenn. The 83rd Division did not saw action as a complete formation and provided replacements for other combat formations. <mask> was meanwhile promoted to the temporary rank of colonel on July 30, 1918 and joined the headquarters of 5th Division as Chief of Staff under Major general John E. McMahon. The 5th Division was completely different kind of formation than his previous service with 83rd Division, and Trott had the opportunity to participate in the planning and execution of large military operations. He served in that capacity during the Battle of Saint-Mihiel in mid-September 1918 and then during the Battle of Argonne in October-November that year.Trott distinguished himself in this capacity and was praised by both 5th commanders, generals McMahon and Hanson E. Ely. For his service in France, he was decorated with Army Distinguished Service Medal and also received Silver Star citation for his visits of frontlines during combat. Also Allies of the United States did not forget of him and Trott was appointed Officer of the Legion of Honour and received Croix de Guerre with Palm by the France. Following the Armistice in November 1918, the 5th Division marched to Luxembourg, where it was stationed near Esch-sur-Alzette for occupation duty until the beginning of July 1919. Interwar period

Trott returned to the United States by the end of July 1919 and reverted to the peacetime rank of major. He was subsequently ordered to the Army War College in Washington, D.C. and graduated from the senior course in June 1920. Following the graduation, Trott was promoted back to lieutenant colonel on July 1, 1920 and ordered to Camp Grant, Illinois, where he assumed command of 54th Infantry Regiment.He served in this capacity until January 1921, when he was ordered to the Office of the Chief of Infantry under Major general Walter H. Gordon. Trott served in Training section of that office and was promoted to colonel on November 2, 1921. He was sent to the Governors Island, New York City in July 1924 and joined the headquarters, Second Corps Area under Major general Robert L. Bullard as Liaison Officer, Organized Reserves. Trott assumed command of 17th Infantry Regiment at Fort Crook, Nebraska in May 1926 and served in this capacity until June 1930, when he was appointed Chief of Staff, 94th Division under Major general Fox Conner. The 94th Division served as the part of Massachusetts Organized Reserve and Trott served four year at its headquarters in Boston. Divisional headquarters of 94th Division was moved to Montpelier, Vermont in June 1933 and Trott assumed additional duty as Commander of 6th Civilian Conservation Corps District during the Great Depression. In August 1934, Trott was transferred to Fort D.A.Russell, Wyoming and served as Commanding officer, 20th Infantry Regiment until the end of August 1935, when he received word about his nomination to the general's officer rank. <mask> was promoted to the rank of Brigadier general on September 1, 1935 and assumed command of 6th Infantry Brigade at Fort Douglas, Utah. He also simultaneously commanded the Fort Douglas and remained in that capacities until March 1936. He then commanded 18th Infantry Brigade in Boston until May 1937 and 22nd Infantry Brigade at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii until July 1939. Following his return to the United States, Trott commanded 16th Infantry Brigade at Camp Meade, Maryland and also the Post. World War II and Retirement

With the outbreak of World War II in Europe in September 1939, Trott was ordered to Camp Jackson, South Carolina and was tasked with organization of reactivated 6th Infantry Division. He supervised the formation and training of 1st, 3rd and 20th Infantry Regiments, the 1st and 80th Artillery Regiments, the 8th Medical Battalion and the 6th Engineer Battalion which were subordinated to the Division.After one year with the division, <mask> was transferred to Fort Hayes, Ohio and assumed command of Fifth Corps Area. While in this capacity, he was promoted to the rank of Major general on April 3, 1941. This command completed 42 years of his service, when he was relieved of duties on September 29, 1941 and ordered home pending retirement. He was finally retired on December 31, 1941 and was not recalled to active duty during World War II due to his age and health. Trott settled in Geneva, Illinois, where he played golf and was interested in reading and athletics. Major general <mask><mask> died on April 14, 1950 at his home in Geneva and is buried at Oakhill Cemetery. His wife, Leah Wright <mask> is buried beside him.Decorations

Here is Major general Trott´s ribbon bar:

See also
 List of foreign recipients of the Légion d'Honneur

References

1877 births
1950 deaths
Military personnel from Milwaukee
United States Army generals
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army War College alumni
United States Military Academy faculty
American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
United States Army personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

masks:
Clement Augustus Trott
Trott
Clement A
. Trott
. Ansell
Trott
Trott
Trott
Trott
Trott
Trott
Clement A
. Trott
Trott


text_chunks:
<mask> (19 October 190825 September 1991) was a Scottish tenor, who sang traditional Scottish and Irish songs. His name has also been recorded as <mask>. Early life

<mask> was born and brought up in the Springburn area of Glasgow by his mother alone, after his father left the family. <mask> was the younger of two brothers. His mother was Irish, from the Portadown area, County Armagh, and his father was born in Partick. The family were poor but <mask>'s mother managed to pay for music lessons for both her sons and both won bursaries to good schools. <mask> attended St Aloysius' College in Garnethill from 1919 to 1924, before transferring to Hillhead Academy.He also commenced his singing career. In 1938 <mask> retired from concert work, and during World War II was an ambulance driver and an RAF chaplain. He was ordained in 1944. Catholic priesthood

At the age of 18, <mask> entered training to become a Jesuit priest at Manresa House in Roehampton, London, but left after a deeply unsatisfactory first term. He chose to study at Glasgow University instead. He completed a Master of Arts degree at the university. Throughout his life <mask> had retained a deep love of the Catholic Church and, despite his earlier experience with the Jesuits, chose to abandon his fame and success as a world-famous tenor, to enter the Bearsden Seminary in Glasgow before going to Pontifical Scots College in Rome, to follow his vocation to become a priest.He was ordained in St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow in 1944 and celebrated his first Mass at St Aloysius' Church. Combining priesthood and music, he undertook tours of North America and Australia, where those concerts helping to provide funding for the building of St Columba's Cathedral in Oban. He helped with funds to renovate the Church of St Margaret's in Lochgilphead, in Argyll, where he was parish priest for 17 years. In the Scottish summer of 1947, MacEwan arranged for Australian and New Zealand food parcels which he distributed around the parish:
If these good people could see the poor wee bairns enjoying the contents of the parcels, they would be well rewarded for their great kindness. "It is so heartening to feel that the poor old Mother is being helped in her distress by her young and vigorous children. They have been superb in their charity. God love them all.When asked in 1948 the jovial clergyman and singer said:
Of the two, I think I prefer a concert audience to a congregation. People listen to me more attentively in a concert than in a church. However it was quite clear his performances were to fund and secondary to his religious duties, where after ordination he decreed all concert earnings went to charities. MacEwan also rejected the title of a 'singing priest'. After Lochgilphead, he moved to St Andrew's Church in Rothesay. A stained glass window in the church in Lochgilphead is dedicated to the <mask> family. His parishioners became accustomed to his concert tours, and enjoyed his return each time.In 1977 he was narrowly defeated in the election for Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow. He spent his later years as retired priest, assisting when necessary at Our Lady and St Mun's church in Dunoon. Singing career

Aged 12, his brother entered him into an end-of-the-pier talent show in Dunoon. Come the Grand Final of the contest at the end of the summer, Sydney was the clear winner, receiving a prize of five shillings and half a crown. While at university, his vocal talents were noticed and he began a singing career on the advice of Sir Compton Mackenzie and Irish tenor John McCormack. At this time he came to the attention of the Scottish region of the British Broadcasting Company, and became heavily involved in many broadcasts, specifically the Children's Hour programme. He began recording for Parlophone in 1934 while still attending the Royal Academy of Music in London and being tutored by Plunket Greene.He toured in 1936, playing to audiences in Canada, the United States of America, New Zealand, and Australia, and the tour was repeated in 1938. Still performing as a priest, MacEwan nonetheless continued to record and tour. Further trips to North America and Australia took place until as late as 1956. At one time he indicated a liking for the style of American crooner Bing Crosby. Australian tours

<mask>'s 1936 tour of Australia went as far north as Townsville. Commencing the 1948 tour in April, MacEwan attended Saint Mary's Cathedral in Sydney. Before Cardinal Francis Spellman, Archbishop of New York, he celebrated a mass for peace, singing the liturgy there.Arriving in Australia by flying boat, he took the mail train firstly to Melbourne as part of the Centenary of the Catholic Church celebrations. Normally his musical public performances were limited towards charitable causes. The tour was with the Australian Broadcasting Commission, with six public performances and eighteen studio recitals in Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Canberra, and Melbourne. He travelled as far as the town of Bowen, Queensland, to see North Queensland and to 'have a surf before the winter set in', delivering a benediction to a large congregation there. <mask>'s June to October 1951 Australian tour included concerts in Western Australia. Arriving by sea on the SS Oransay in mid-June, he struck down with influenza and was unable to perform in that State and also at Adelaide. It was considered he would be unable to fulfil any singing obligations for the ABC.The money of 'thousands of pounds' raised was going to build the memorial chapel at the Oban Catholic Cathedral, 'be dedicated to the Scottish and Australian soldiers who fell in the Second World War'. At the time his Melbourne attendance with the ABC was also the highest paid fee for a visiting singer. Later years

He was featured on the BBC's This Is Your Life programme in October 1962 and his autobiography, On the High C's, was published in 1973. <mask> died in September 1991, aged 82. His funeral was held in St Andrew's Cathedral, the church where he was ordained. He was survived by a brother. In Ireland on the first day of May each year, the popular hymn ‘'Bring flowers of the rarest, also known as ‘'Queen of the May, sung by MacEwan is played over the radio.Discography

<mask>'s tenor voice was captured in 39 record albums, singles, and EPs. It includes:

 Songs of Scotland and Ireland, sung by Father <mask> with orchestra conducted by Philip Green. The Columbia record (330S 1073) was recorded in Australia circ 1950. The rear cover note was written by Mervyn Douglas. Side 1 songs were Scotland the brave, My ain folk, Bonnie Mary of Argylle, The road to the Isles, and Loch Lomond. Side 2 songs were The star of County Down, Mother Machree, Killarney in the Spring, The youth of the heart, and Rose of Killarney. In 1956-57 Columbia released his LP "Christmas Carols" (CL 924).Neither the organist nor the choir who accompany him are identified in the liner notes. The album includes a rendition of Michael Head's "The Three Mummers" (a modern carol recently recorded by Anne Sofie von Otter and Bengt Forsberg). References

 Profile, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; accessed 10 August 2014. 1908 births
1991 deaths
Scottish people of Irish descent
Scottish Roman Catholic priests
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
People educated at St Aloysius' College, Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Scottish tenors
20th-century Scottish male singers
People from Springburn
Place of death missing
People from Lochgilphead
People from Rothesay, Bute
20th-century Scottish musicians
20th-century Roman Catholic priests

masks:
Canon Sydney Alfred MacEwan
Alfred Sydney Marley MacEwan
MacEwan
Sydney
Sydney
Sydney
MacEwan
Sydney MacEwan
MacEwan
MacEwan
MacEwan
MacEwan
Sydney MacEwan
MacEwan
Sydney MacEwan


text_chunks:
<mask> (September 5, 1917 – January 6, 2008) was an American cartoonist best known for her syndicated comic strip Emmy Lou. Biography
Born Martha B<mask> in Oakland, California, she moved with her family to San Francisco, where she grew up. For six months she attended San Francisco's Fashion Art Institute, her only art training, and then began painting murals in the teenage departments of San Francisco department stores—the Emporium, the City of Paris and O'Connor Moffat. In 1940, she arrived at the San Francisco Chronicle where she drew for the "Women's World" department. Comic strips
After landing an assignment to create fashion drawings for a major advertising campaign, she delivered her artwork to an ad agency account executive, who rejected the drawings and said, "This isn't what we want. These kids look more like bobby-soxers."The reaction gave her the idea for a cartoon character, and in 1944, she launched her comic strip Bobby Sox about a teenager named Mimi. It was distributed by Consolidated News Features. The Chronicle described Mimi as a "precocious sub-deb with a flair for trouble." Chronicle writer Carl Nolte noted the role of Links and her husband in San Francisco history:
Mimi, who had a pug nose and a short skirt, was a somewhat older version of Emmy Lou, the gawky teenager who could have been her younger sister. By 1946, <mask> had drawn over 600 cartoons for the Chronicle, mostly about teenagers, had signed up with a syndicate and was a local celebrity. In the meantime, she had married Alexander Arguello, her high school sweetheart. He was a descendant of Jose Dario Arguello, a Spanish army officer who was commandant of the Presidio of San Francisco and a governor of Alta California.Jose's son was Luis Arguello, also commandant of the Presidio and a governor of California in the Mexican era. Arguello Boulevard in San Francisco and Point Arguello on the Southern California coast are named for the family. Alexander Arguello died in 1966 after the couple had been married for 25 years. Bobby Sox becomes Emmy Lou

As the footgear fashions of the 1940s became passe, the title Bobby Sox became outdated, so Links changed it to Emmy Lou, as noted by comics historian Don Markstein:
If you happen to be confused by the given name of the cartoonist, you're not alone. So, apparently, was the National Cartoonists Society, of which she was one of the first female members. Correspondence from the Society was addressed to "Mr. <mask>s" even after she'd given birth to her first child. She offered to send them her bust size.Like most slang describing teenagers, "Bobby Sox" was destined eventually to sound quaint. In 1951, when the term was still a couple of years away from the dustbin of history, Links renamed the feature after its star, Emmy Lou. Unencumbered by obsolescent expressions, she and her boyfriend, Alvin, continued in the same vein for decades. Links had three children, and her daughters served as models for Emmy Lou. In 1954, Links lived at 215 32nd Avenue in San Francisco. In 1957, she described her working methods:
When I first started with the syndicate, I drew only daily panels. After we sold to a few papers, they asked for a Sunday page.This was impossible to handle alone, so Jerry Bundsen and Ted Martine came into my life. Jerry, who works for The San Francisco Examiner with Herb Caen, the columnist, has been writing my daily gags for 11 years. Once a week, he sends me a large batch of gags from which I select what I want and like. If there aren't enough to make up a week, I fill out with my own ideas—which drives Jerry mad! He claims if he sent me 60 gags I would be unable psychologically to select more than four out of the bunch. This isn't so at all. After selecting the four best gags, I pencil in the whole week of dailies.These go to Ted Martine, the world's best artist. (I should be working for him.) He inks in all the pencilled backgrounds. When they are returned I ink in the figures. I have pencilled them in rough enough so that I change as I go along. This keeps the action loose and fresh. In addition, I draw from models constantly, then use the sketches as reference.With the outlines of the furniture inked, for instance, I add details like prints and upholstery, flowers in bowls, fringe on curtains, etc. My husband claims I can't stand a plain white space. But it's this detail which gives a homey touch. As a matter of fact I draw all the furniture in our home. I often think I'd like to recover the worn up holstery in a Popsicle-colored background so the Popsicle stains will not show. As to the Sunday panels, these I dream up myself, and it is more work than everything else put together. I feel each idea is the last one I'll ever be able to eke out.Also I meditate (or should I say brood?) on my own girlhood, which was a long time ago, believe me. But once the mind starts going back, it's amazing how much it remembers. The pilot for a proposed series based on  Emmy Lou aired as a second-season episode of Mister Ed. The role of Emmy Lou was played by Noanna Dix. Her parents were played by George O'Hanlon and Jeff Donnell. By the time her children became adults, Links felt the strip no longer represented teens, as she told columnist Caen, "Everything I know about teenagers today is unprintable."Thus, she brought Emmy Lou to an end in December 1979. Hallmark
She then began doing ceramic sculptures and working for Hallmark as an illustrator of greeting cards, developing a group of child characters for a series called Kidlinks. At age 82, she retired from Hallmark. During the 1990s, she lived at 64 Manzanita Way in San Francisco. She continued to do watercolor paintings until the last year of her life. She died on a Sunday, January 6, 2008, of heart failure at a San Rafael assisted living facility. She was survived by two daughters, Victoria Arguello of San Rafael, and Elizabeth Arguello of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and by six grandchildren.Bibliography
A hardcover collection, Bobby Sox: The Life and Times of Emmy Lou, was published by Hawthorn Books in 1954, with Popular Library publishing the paperback edition. This was followed by More Bobby Sox: The Life and Times of Emmy Lou (Popular Library, 1957) and Emmy Lou (1970). See also
Aggie Mack
Etta Kett
Hal Rasmusson
Harold Teen
Penny

References

External links
Shaenon K. Garrity on <mask>s and Emmy Lou

American comic strip cartoonists
American women illustrators
American illustrators
American female comics artists
Female comics writers
2008 deaths
1917 births
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American women

masks:
Marty Links
. Links
Marty Links
Marty Link
Marty Link


text_chunks:
Major <mask>, MC & Bar, (16 October 1918 – 6 February 2008) was a British racing driver, soldier and engineer. A war hero, <mask> maintained a long connection with the sport, albeit behind the scenes. The Ferguson 4WD project he was involved in paid off with spectacular results, and he was involved in other engineering projects. At his death, he was the longest surviving participant of the first ever World Championship Grand Prix at Silverstone in 1950. He was one of the last pre-war winners remaining too – he won the 1939 British Empire Trophy, aged just 20 in 1939 – this was after he started his career in 1935, as a 16-year-old, in a 3-wheeler Morgan in speed trials. He won the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans and participated in three Formula One World Championship Grands Prix. Early life & pre-war racing

<mask> was born in Bordon, Hampshire, and brought up at St Asaph in Denbighshire, Wales.He was the fourth child of Brigadier-General <mask>, and educated at Eton, where he got into trouble for keeping a car. He began competing while at Eton, in a Morgan three-wheeler in their trials before, in 1936, making his track début sharing a Triumph Gloria Vitesse with Jack Elliott in the Spa 24 Hours, where the pair finished 11th, fourth in class. He drove there because he had just lost his British driving licence for speeding along Denbigh High Street. Throughout 1937, he raced a Triumph Dolomite, winning the Coronation Trophy, before acquiring the famous ERA Remus from his fellow Old Etonians, the Siamese princes, Chula Chakrabongse and Bira Birabongse. In a minor race at Brooklands, a bolt dropped from the ERA’s exhaust and flames began swirling around <mask>’s lap; he removed his gloves, stuffed one across the hole and won the race. For 1939, he acquired another ERA, immediately winning the 200-mile British Empire Trophy race at Donington Park. Second World War

He entered the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and in 1939 received a commission in the Rifle Brigade.During the Second World War, <mask> was a lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade and in 1940 was sent to France, where he was in charge of a reconnaissance platoon. He was soon in the thick of the fighting and helped defend Calais. The men defending Calais held for three days trying to stop the 10th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht) from advancing, and in doing so delaying their attack on Dunkirk. He was captured and taken prisoner of war at the end of the battle for Calais, just before the Dunkirk evacuation. For his actions, he was awarded the Military Cross: his exploits included helping a wounded comrade while firing his Bren gun at the advancing German troops. <mask> escaped seven times from German prisoner-of-war camps including Laufen (Oflag VII-C), Biberach (Oflag V-B), Posen (Stalag XXI-D), Warburg (Oflag VI-B) and Eichstätt (Oflag VII-B), before eventually being sent to the maximum security prison, Oflag IV-C in Colditz Castle on 14 July 1943. In one attempt to escape, he got within yards of the Swiss border before being recaptured – which accounted for his transfer to the East German fortress.For his determined escape attempts, <mask> was awarded a Bar to his Military Cross. In early 1944, he was one of the masterminds behind the audacious glider escape plan, but in spring 1945, the US army liberated the castle, obviating the need for it. After the war <mask> resigned his commission with the rank of Major to develop advanced automotive technologies. Racing career

After the war <mask> resumed racing with an Alfa Romeo Bimotore, in which he took a fine second place in the 1948 Zandvoort GP. Between 1949 and 1952, he begun a close association with Freddie Dixon and Rob Walker, setting an engineering partnership with the former and racing Walker’s 1926 Delage and Delahaye. In 1950 and 1951, he shared a Nash-Healey, with Duncan Hamilton, on both occasions, finishing fourth and sixth at Le Mans. From 1952 to 1955, <mask> raced Walker’s dark-blue Connaughts in which he was tremendously successful in English national events, winning numerous Formula Two, Formula Libre and handicap races.Unfortunately, his business obliged him to restrict his racing. Also, in 1952 came the most significant move of his racing career; he was invited to join the Jaguar team, ”I’d proved quite competitive at Dundrod where I actually lapped the C-Type faster than Stirling [Moss]. Then they asked me who I’d like as my co-driver and I said Duncan. They said "Duncan, you must be mad!” but he joined me in the team for 1952 and we always drove in long distance races together". . Their first Le Mans together for Jaguar was a disaster, which resulted in a head gasket failure and an early retirement. Grand Prix racer

<mask> competed in three Formula One World Championship races, the British Grands Prix of 1950, 1953, & 1955, but all three outings ended in retirement. At the 1950 British Grand Prix, the first-ever round of the F1 World Championship, he started 10th on the grid in an ERA that had been qualified by Peter Walker, but the gearbox failed after four laps. In the 1953 race, once again he started from 10th, but a half shaft on his Connaught failed after 70 laps.In his final Grand Prix, he again shared a drive with Walker in 1955. In what was to be the last F1 outing for both drivers: their Connaught started 14th and retired with transmission trouble after 18 laps. Stirling Moss asserts that <mask> would have been among the top GP drivers, if he raced regularly. Called from the Bar

<mask> competed in every 24 Heures du Mans race from 1949 to 1955, famously winning the 1953 event in a Jaguar C-Type shared with Hamilton. Initially, the pairing were disqualified for practising in a Jaguar that had the same racing number as another on the circuit at the same time, but they were reinstated. Hamilton's account has become a motor racing legend: when Jaguar team manager Lofty England persuaded the organisers to let them race, both drivers were already drunk in a local bar. England said: ”Of course I would never have let them race under the influence.I had enough trouble when they were sober!”

The <mask>/Hamilton partnership continued in 1954, where they finished second to a works Scuderia Ferrari, in a Jaguar D-Type. This was despite an incident during a hail storm, <mask> realised that he could not see properly, so he pitted for a visor, but as a Ferrari was in its pit, the team waved him out again. When <mask> pitted again the next lap, his goggles were full of water. He hopped out of the car to fix on a visor and Hamilton jumped into the car and was away. Having made up a four-lap deficit, the Rolt/Hamilton D-Type finished less than four kilometres behind the victorious Ferrari. They also finished second for Jaguar in the 12 heures internationals – Voiture Sport Reims, but retired from the 1955 Les 24 Heures du Mans while running in second place. <mask> and his wife, Lois witnessed the disaster that year, which claimed more than 80 lives after Pierre Levegh's Mercedes left the track and ploughed into spectators.Thereafter, he concentrated on his engineering. By the end of 1956, although still a member of the Jaguar works team, <mask> retired from active racing to devote his full efforts to the Ferguson development programme. Engineering career

After the war, <mask> returned to form part of Rolt Dixon Research, with his mechanic, Freddie Dixon, to work on an idea that they had considered before the war: four-wheel drive. The company they formed also pioneered the viscous coupling. This eventually led to backing from tractor magnate Harry Ferguson and gave rise to the development of the Ferguson P99 four-wheel drive F1 car. <mask> subsequently built Indianapolis 500 track-racing 4WD cars for the American STP Corporation, and Ferguson transmissions appeared in the Lotus 56, Novi-Ferguson and STP-Paxton Turbocar Indy Cars of 1964 to 1969. With the technical director Claude Hill and the project engineer Derek Gardner, Rolt was among the unsung backroom heroes of British racing development.When Ferguson Development closed, Rolt founded FF Developments in 1971, converting cars, vans and ambulances to four-wheel drive. During the 1980s, major automotive manufacturers finally saw advantages in all-wheel drive technology, and the company became a major technology partner of Ford, Chrysler, Audi, Fiat and General Motors. In 1994, the business was sold to Ricardo, who continued the development of "smart" transmissions using Rolt FFD and Ferguson experience. Rolt was immensely proud that the Audi sports cars that have dominated the 24 Heures du Mans and the American Le Mans Series endurance championships since 2000 used Ricardo transmissions. The F1 Tractor

By the early 1960s Rolt and FF Developments had decided that it would build a 4WD racing car to demonstrate the value of four-wheel drive technology. Rolt helped to design, and also tested the Ferguson P99. Although <mask> was more than capable of driving the car fast enough for test purposes, Jack Fairman was called in to race it in the 1961 British Empire Trophy and 1961 RAC British Grand Prix at Aintree, proving without doubt the four-wheel drive allied to the Dunlop Maxaret braking system was substantially superior in the wet.The P99 was run under the banner of Rob Walker Racing and became the only 4WD car to win a Formula One race, when in the hands of Stirling Moss it won the 1961 Oulton Park Gold Cup. The car was also the last front-engined car ever to win a F1 race. Despite a trip the Tasman Series and success in the hands Peter Westbury, when he won the British Hill Climb Championship in 1964, the car was not used much again. Subsequently the four-wheel-drive concept succeeded in the United States and in 1966 was built into the Jensen FF road car. <mask> was a very private man, but had great charm and presence. He also had the dignity to shun personal publicity, and the notion that he had done something heroic in trying to escape from Colditz never crossed his mind. He avoided Colditz reunions.He simply saw it as his duty to make escape attempts and was quick to emphasise that there was nothing light-hearted about those efforts, and would say ”Escaping was not a game. Nor was it fun. It was a duty" . He gained much satisfaction from shooting and skiing. Lois and his daughter, Nikki, predeceased him, but he was survived by his other daughter Angela, and sons David and Stuart, the latter of whom raced Saloon cars in the 1970s and served as chairman of the British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC). He was the last surviving driver from that inaugural World Championship Grand Prix held at Silverstone; also the last pre-World War member of the prestigious BRDC, having been elected in 1936. Racing record

Career highlights

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

* Indicates shared drive with Peter Walker

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Complete Mille Miglia results

Complete Spa 24 Hours results

Complete 12 Hours of Reims results

Complete 12 Hours of Donington results

Complete 12 Hours of Paris results

References

External links
 Times obituary
 The Guardian: obituary
 http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-rolton.html
 http://www.kolumbus.fi/leif.snellman/dr.htm

English racing drivers
English Formula One drivers
Rob Walker Racing Team Formula One drivers
Connaught Formula One drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans winning drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
Mille Miglia drivers
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British Army personnel of World War II
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2008 deaths
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World Sportscar Championship drivers

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<mask> (born March 18, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). <mask> was drafted 78th overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. Growing up in Thunder Bay, Ontario, <mask> played junior hockey with the Fort William North Stars with whom he won a Superior International Junior Hockey League (SIJHL) championship and Dudley Hewitt Cup. He was eventually drafted by the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) and later traded to the Kitchener Rangers. During his time in the OHL, <mask> drew comparisons to Fedor Tyutin and was praised as "a legitimate prospect" by NHL scouts. He spent three seasons with the Rangers before beginning his professional career with the Penguins organization. <mask> played seven seasons with the Penguins organization, during which he was named to the 2011 AHL All-Star Game.<mask> was eventually traded to the St. Louis Blues on March 2, 2015 in exchange for Ian Cole. During the 2018–19 season, <mask> won the Stanley Cup as a member of the Blues, becoming the first SIJHL alumni to do so. Early life
<mask> was born on March 18, 1989, in Thunder Bay, Ontario to parents Oscar and Susan. His father was a major junior ice hockey goaltender who was drafted by the Kitchener Rangers in 1977 and inducted into the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2003. His grandfather Sergio volunteered at Thunder Bay's DaVinci Centre and they host an annual bocce tournament in his name. Playing career
Growing up in Thunder Bay, <mask> played both baseball and ice hockey. He co-captained his little league baseball team to the Senior League World Series after narrowly missing the Little League World Series three years prior.<mask> was drafted by the Windsor Spitfires during the 2005 Ontario Hockey League (OHL) Priority Selection but chose to complete the 2005–06 season with the Fort William North Stars of the Superior International Junior Hockey League (SIJHL). During that season, he led the team to a league championship, Dudley Hewitt Cup but they failed to qualify for the 2006 Royal Bank Cup final. Although he went pointless in five games during the 2006 Royal Bank Cup Final, <mask> called it a "great experience and definitely a great learning curve." OHL
Upon completing the season with Fort William North Stars, <mask> was acquired by the Kitchener Rangers of the OHL in exchange for a second-round pick in the 2007 draft on May 31, 2006. After attending the team's training camp, he recorded his first career OHL goal on November 2, in a 4–2 loss to the London Knights. Leading up to the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> drew comparisons to Fedor Tyutin and was praised as "a legitimate prospect" by Mark Seidel, a scout for the NHL Draft. Although the NHL Central Scouting Bureau ranked <mask> 48th overall North American skaters he was drafted in the third round, 78th overall, by the Pittsburgh Penguins.On September 4, 2007, <mask> was invited to the Pittsburgh Penguins NHL camp, but was re-assigned to the Rangers for the 2007–08 season. During his second season with the team, <mask> helped the Rangers set a new franchise record for points in a season as he scored the game winning goal in a 4–3 win over the Saginaw Spirit. The Rangers eventually won the Hamilton Spectator Trophy as the OHL team who finished the regular season with the best record. <mask> helped the team qualify for the 2008 Memorial Cup and, in spite of a shoulder injury, recorded eight assists and a plus-18 rating. Former Penguins director of player personnel Jay Heinbuck spoke highly of <mask>'s play during the tournament saying, "He's got a good work ethic, he doesn't get beat one-on-one, he has good puck skills. I don't envision him being an offensive defenseman, but his passing is above average." During the offseason, <mask> attended the Penguins 2008 Conditioning Camp, although he missed the beginning of the 2008–09 season due to a shoulder injury and subsequent recovery.Upon his return to the line-up, <mask> played in the remaining 23 games and managed one goal and 16 assists. He signed a three-year entry-level contract with the Penguins on May 27, 2009, to conclude his major junior career. <mask> finished his tenure with the Rangers accumulating 49 points in 138 regular-season games. Pittsburgh Penguins
After attending the Penguins training camp, <mask> was reassigned to their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins on September 23, 2009, to begin the 2009–10 season. He recorded his first career AHL goal during the second period of a 5–3 loss to the Hartford Wolf Pack on November 19. In his rookie season, <mask> tallied 12 points, 109 penalty minutes, and a plus-13 rating in 75 games. After attending the Penguins training camp, <mask> was re-assigned to the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins on September 29, 2010, to begin the season.Following a game against Norfolk Admirals on December 11, <mask>, Jesse Boulerice, and Stefano Giliati were each suspended one game as a result of their actions. By January, he had recorded two goals and 16 assists in 45 games and was tied league-wide for third amongst AHL defencemen with a plus-17 rating. As a result, he was selected to compete in the 2011 AHL All Star Classic, where he scored two goals. <mask> concluded his second season with the Penguins with 26 points in 79 games and earned a league-wide best plus-28. For the third consecutive year, <mask> attended the Penguins training camp, although he was placed on their injured reserve to begin the season. He also missed the team's final Rookie Tournament contest against the Blackhawks due to a lower body injury. <mask> ended up missing all of training camp and the beginning of the season to recover from his injury.When he was medically cleared to play, he was assigned to the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, whom he played two games with before being called up to the NHL for his debut on November 4. The following day, <mask> made his NHL debut against the Los Angeles Kings as a replacement for an injured Ben Lovejoy. He subsequently became the first SIJHL alumni to skate in a National Hockey League game. After going scoreless in his debut, he was returned to the AHL for a few games before earning another recall. While with the Penguins, <mask> was injured during a game against the Philadelphia Flyers on December 8, 2011, from a hit by Zac Rinaldo. He was out for several weeks with a concussion but was able to return to action in Wilkes-Barre/Scranton later that season on January 7. As the most tenured player on the team, he helped them qualify for the 2012 Calder Cup playoffs, where they eventually lost in the Eastern Conference Semi-finals to the St. John's IceCaps.<mask> completed the regular season with 21 points in 51 AHL games. Prior to the 2012–13 season, <mask> signed an AHL contract to stay with the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. The 2012–13 lock-out-shortened season saw <mask>'s role continue to increase on the team, playing in 15 of Pittsburgh's 48 regular-season games. On February 2, 2013, <mask> scored his first NHL goal, against goaltender Martin Brodeur of the New Jersey Devils; the Penguins went on to win 5–1. During the Penguins' lengthy run to the Eastern Conference Finals in the 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs, <mask> did not make an appearance, being a healthy scratch every game. Entering his seventh season with the Penguins organization, <mask> made the team's opening night roster for the first time during his tenure. In the 2013–14 season, <mask> saw his playing time continue to increase, in part due to rampant injuries among the Penguins defensive core.He played in 54 of Pittsburgh's 82 regular-season games, recording ten assists. On April 26, 2014, <mask> played in his first career Stanley Cup playoffs game, against the Columbus Blue Jackets in the first round of the 2014 playoffs, after Brooks Orpik sustained an undisclosed upper-body injury in the series' previous game. In his debut, he played 13:36 minutes during 5-on-5 play. After suffering an injury during training camp, <mask> joined the Penguins 2014–15 line-up on October 20, 2014. He sat as a healthy scratch at various times to begin the season before eventually scoring his first goal of the season on November 8, 2014. As a result of injuries to the Penguins blueline, <mask> was paired with rookie Derrick Pouliot and accumulated five points in 13 games. In spite of this, he was suspended two games for interference against Jaromír Jágr during a game against the New Jersey Devils on December 4.By January, key members of the Penguins defence had returned from injury, resulting in him moving to a third pairing with Simon Després. St. Louis Blues
After playing in 38 games for the Penguins and accumulating six points, <mask> was traded to the St. Louis Blues in exchange for defenceman Ian Cole. He made his St. Louis Blues debut on March 5, 2015, against the Philadelphia Flyers at Wells Fargo Center. <mask> played out the remainder of the 2014–15 season with the Blues, recording 2 points in 13 games. At the conclusion of the season, the Blues signed <mask> to a two-year contract in order to keep him on the team. Although the Blues qualified for the 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs, he was unable to compete due to an upper-body injury. On October 7, 2015, <mask> was named to the Blues' opening night roster to begin the 2015–16 season, although his ability to play was questioned due to a preseason injury.He suffered a lower body injury during a game against the Montreal Canadiens on January 17, 2016, and missed one game to recover. <mask> made his post-season debut with the team during the 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs in the Western Conference Second Round against the Dallas Stars. Coach Ken Hitchcock paired him with Kevin Shattenkirk because "One's a defending player and one's an attacking player....Our feeling is we need more attacking right now. [<mask>] is a guy that jumps up on the play, really attacks. He plays on his toes and he's good at joining the rush and making plays from the red line in." Although they beat the Stars, the team eventually lost to the San Jose Sharks during the Western Conference Final. Although <mask> was named to the Blues' opening night roster to begin the 2016–17 season, he suffered a lower-body injury during a loss to the Detroit Red Wings on October 27, 2016, and missed ten games to recover.Upon returning from his injury, <mask> was consistently paired with Colton Parayko until he was re-injured on December 3 during a game against the Winnipeg Jets and placed on injured reserve. As he was entering the final year of his contract, <mask> signed a two-year, $2.3 million extension to stay with the team on December 29. At the time of his singing, he had recorded two points, a goal and an assist, in 11 games while also averaging 13:48 of ice time. <mask> ended up missing a total of 16 games to recover from his injury against the Jets and returned to the Blues line-up on January 12, 2017, against the Los Angeles Kings. He suffered another injury on March 31 against the Colorado Avalanche which delayed his 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs debut until Game 2 against the Minnesota Wild. He played a total of 10 games before the Blues were eliminated from the postseason. On October 2, 2017, <mask> was named to the Blues' opening night roster to begin the 2017–18 season, paired with rookie Vince Dunn.Seven days later, <mask> was fined $3,091.40 for a cross-check delivered to the New York Islanders' forward Brock Nelson. As the season continued, <mask> sat as a healthy scratch five times and was injured in his career-high 55th game of the season. He missed five games to recover from his left knee injury but returned to the Blues line-up on March 3. In spite of his injury, <mask> set career highs in goals and points with four goals and 13 points. <mask> competed with the Blues in the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs, during which he hit Nashville Predators forward Kevin Fiala in Game 1 of the Western Conference Second Round, causing a season ending injury. The Blues ended up losing to the Predators in six games, sending the Predators to their first conference final in franchise history. During a pre-season game prior to the 2018–19 season, <mask> elbowed Washington Capitals defenceman Michal Kempný and was subsequently suspended for the remainder of the pre-season and one regular season game.Upon returning for the regular season, <mask> suffered a lower-body injury in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs on October 20 and was placed on injured reserve. He was eventually taken off injured reserve on November 30, 2018, more than a month after the initial injury. During a Blues practice on December 10, 2018, <mask> fought teammate Zach Sanford. The two got a few punches in on one another before being separated by coaches. At the time, St. Louis had lost eight of their last 11 games. Five days later, the Blues signed <mask> to a three-year, $4.125 million contract extension worth $1.375 million per season through to the end of the 2021–22 season. By January 2019, the Blues were in last place around the entire league resulting in a coaching and goaltender change.The changes proved to be successful as <mask> ended the regular season playing in 59 regular-season games and accumulating 10 points as the team qualified for the 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Blues beat the Winnipeg Jets and Dallas Stars to qualify for the Western Conference Final against the San Jose Sharks. After losing in Game 1 of the Finals, the Blues and Sharks returned for Game 2 at the SAP Center, where <mask> scored the game-winning goal at 16:34 of the second period in an eventual 4–2 win. The Blues ended up winning the series and met with the Boston Bruins in the 2019 Stanley Cup Finals. <mask> and the Blues beat the Bruins in seven games to win their first Stanley Cup in franchise history, and become the first SIJHL alumni to do so. Although he was scratched for the final game of the series, <mask> was rewarded for his efforts with a Day with the Cup. During the 2019–20 season, <mask> continued to improve his play while in the Blues' line-up.In a game against the Calgary Flames on November 21, 2019, <mask> played a season-high 17:52 of ice time and earned a plus-five rating in the 5–0 win. Three days later, <mask> was suspended for four games by the NHL Department of Player Safety for injuring Nashville Predators winger Viktor Arvidsson by repeatedly cross-checking him. Upon returning to the Blues' line-up on December 2 against the Chicago Blackhawks, <mask> commented on his suspension by saying "The temperature of the game is high at times. Again, I'm not a malicious player. I'm not out here trying to injure people and I stand by that." When the Blues met the Predators again on February 15, <mask> fought twice during the game, with Arvidsson and Jarred Tinordi, as the team lost 4–3. Career statistics

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1989 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Kitchener Rangers players
Living people
Pittsburgh Penguins draft picks
Pittsburgh Penguins players
St. Louis Blues players
Stanley Cup champions
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players

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<mask> (original reading unknown) was an ancient Egyptian king and the last pharaoh of the Third Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom period. Following the Turin king list, he is commonly credited with a reign of 24 years, ending c. 2613 BC. <mask>'s chronological position as the last king of the third dynasty is seen as fairly certain, but there is still some uncertainty on the succession order of rulers at the end of the 3rd dynasty. It is also unclear under which Hellenized name the ancient historian Manetho could have listed him in his historical writing Aegyptiacae. Most possibly he is to be identified with the Hellenized name Aches, as Winfried Barta proposes. Many Egyptologists believe that Huni was the father and direct predecessor of king Sneferu, but this is questioned by other scholars. <mask> is seen by scholars as a confusing figure in Egyptian history, because he was long remembered in Egyptian traditions, but very few documents, objects or monuments from his reign have endured.Attestations

<mask> is not a well attested pharaoh; most of the attestations only point indirectly to him. There are only two contemporary objects with his name. The first one is a conical stele made of red granite, discovered in 1909 on the island of Elephantine. The object is  long,  thick and  broad. Its shape resembles a typical Benben stele, as known from mastaba tombs of early dynastic kings. At the front, the cone presents a rectangular niche with an incarved inscription inside. The inscription mentions a royal palace named Palace of the headband of Huni and writes Huni's name above inside a royal cartouche.The decorated niche is interpreted by scholars as a so-called "apparition window". The lower part of the window frame is flattened and elongated and shows traces of a second inscription, apparently the same as inside the window. It is not fully clarified, where exactly the object was once on display. Because it was found very close to a stepped pyramid, Egyptologists such as Rainer Stadelmann propose a position on the very front of the monument, or even visibly embedded in one of the steps. Today <mask>'s dedication cone is on display in the Cairo Museum as object JE 41556. The second finding, discovered in 2007, is a polished stone bowl made of magnesite, found at South-Abusir in the mastaba tomb AS-54, belonging to a high official, whose name is yet unknown to archaeologists. The stone vessel inscription mentions <mask>'s name without a cartouche, but with the Njswt-Bity title.The orthography of the hieroglyphs that form Huni's name makes a reading as Njswt-Hw or Hw-en-Niswt plausible. Huni is also attested in mastaba L6 at Saqqara, attributed to the official Metjen and dating to the end of the 3rd dynasty. There, an inscription was found with the name of a royal domain Hw.t-njswt.-hw ("Hut-nisut-hu") of Huni. Huni is further mentioned on the back of the Palermo stone in the section concerning the reign of the 5th-dynasty king Neferirkare Kakai, who apparently had a mortuary temple built for the cult of Huni. The temple, however, has not yet been located. Finally, Huni is attested in the papyrus Prisse, in the Instructions of Kagemni, probably dating to the 13th dynasty. The papyrus gives an important indication about Huni's succession in column II, line 7:

Most scholars today think that this extract may strengthen the theory that Huni was the last king of the 3rd dynasty and immediate predecessor of king Snefru (the first ruler of the 4th dynasty).Name and identity

<mask>'s cartouche name
<mask>'s identity is difficult to establish, since his name is passed down mostly as cartouche name and in different variations. The  earliest mention of his cartouche name may possibly appearing on the granite cone from Elephantine, which might be contemporary. Otherwise, the earliest appearances of <mask>'s cartouche can be found on the Palermo Stone P1, dating to the 5th dynasty, and on the Prisse Papyrus of the 13th dynasty. <mask>'s cartouche can also be found in the Saqqara kinglist and the Turin Canon, both dating back to the 19th dynasty. The Abydos kinglist, which also dates to the 19th dynasty, mysteriously omits <mask>'s name and gives instead a Neferkara I who is unknown to Egyptologists. The reading and translation of his cartouche name is also disputed. In general, two basic versions of his name exist: an old version, which is closest to the (lost) original, and a younger version, which seems to be based on ramesside interpretations and misreadings.The older version uses the hieroglyphic signs candle wick (Gardiner sign V28), juncus sprout (Gardiner sign M23), bread loaf (Gardiner sign X1) and water line (Gardiner sign N35). This writing form can be found on Old Kingdom objects such as the Palermo Stone recto (reign of Neferirkare), the tomb inscription of Metjen, the stone vessel found in Abusir and the granite cone from Elephantine. Whilst the stone vessel from Abusir writes <mask>'s name without a cartouche, but gives the Niswt-Bity-title, all other Old Kingdom writings place the king's name inside an oval cartouche. The ramesside versions use the hieroglyphic signs candle wick (Gardiner sign V28), beating man (Gardiner sign A25), water line (Gardiner sign N35) and arm with a stick (Gardiner sign D40). The cartouche No. 15 in the Kinglist of Saqqara writes two vertical strokes between the water line and the beating arm. The Prisse Papyrus omits the candle wick and the beating arm.Egyptologist Ludwig Borchardt had already proposed by the beginning of the 20th century that the old and ramesside cartouche versions were referring to one and the same king. He proposed that ramesside scribes erroneously took away the juncus sign of the Niswt-Bity title and placed it before the royal cartouche, not realizing that this sign was part of the original birth- or throne-name of <mask>. He also proposed that the candle wick was misinterpreted as the sign for "smiting", tempting the ramesside scribes to place the hieroglyph of a beating man behind it. These conclusions are still shared by scholars today. Following his hypothesis, Borchardt reads <mask>'s cartouche name as Niswt Hw ("king Hu"). However, Hans Gödicke instead reads Ny Swteh ("He who belongs to the smiters") and is convinced that <mask>'s name was theophoric. In particular, he compares <mask>'s name construction with those of the kings Nynetjer ("He who belongs to the deified of Horus") and Nyuserre ("He who belongs to those of power of Re").Rainer Stadelmann and Wolfgang Helck strongly refute Gödicke's reading, pointing out that no single Egyptian document mentions a deity, person, place or even a single colloquial term named "Swteh". Thus there is no grammatical source that could have been used to make a royal name "Ny Swteh". Helck instead suggests a reading as Hwj-nj-niswt and translates it as "The utterance belongs to the king". Huni's possible Horus name
The Horus name of Huni is unknown. There are several theories to connect the cartouche name "Huni" with contemporary Horus names. In the late 1960s, the Louvre Museum bought a stele showing a king whose Horus name is Horus-Qahedjet ("the crown of Horus is raised"). For stylistical reasons the stele may be dated to the late Third Dynasty and it seems possible that it refers to Huni, whose Horus-name it provides.However, dating and authenticity have been put into question several times, and today the stela is believed to be either fake, or dedicated to king Thutmose III (18th dynasty) while imitating the artistic style of Dynasty III. Peter Kaplony promotes an ominous name found in the burial shaft of an unfinished pyramid at Zawyet el'Aryan. The monument is connected with a possible pharaoh named Bikheris. The name in question reads Neb-hedjetnwb ("lord of the golden crown") and is thought by Kaplony to be Huni's possible Horus name. However, Egyptologists such as Aidon Dodson contradict this theory and argue that Neb-hedjetnwb, with its gold hieroglyph, should rather be the Golden Horus name of Bikheris. Other Egyptologists, such as Toby Wilkinson and Rainer Stadelmann, identify Huni with the contemporarily well-attested king Horus-Khaba ("the soul of Horus appears"). Their identification is based on the circumstance that both kings' Horus names appear on incised stone vessels without any further guiding notes.It was a fashion that began with the death of king Khasekhemwy (end of 2nd dynasty) and ended under king Sneferu (beginning of the 4th dynasty). Thus, it was a very typical practice of the 3rd dynasty. Additionally, Stadelmann points to the Layer Pyramid at Zawyet el'Aryan. This monument was possibly built by Khaba, since a nearby mastaba contained several stone vessels with his Horus name. Since the Turin Canon credits a reign of 24 years to Huni, Stadelmann argues that this time span would perfectly fit to finish the Layer Pyramid. Furthermore, Stadelmann points to the large amount of discovered mud seal impressions and stone bowls and the widespread finding spots throughout Egypt. In his opinion, the archaeological context also speaks for a longer-lasting reign.Thus, he identifies Khaba with Huni. Family

The genealogical position of Huni in the family line of ruling kings, during the time when the 3rd dynasty ended and the 4th started, is highly disputed. Contemporary and later documents often mention Huni and his follower Snefru in the same sentence, always in direct succession. Therefore, Egyptologists and historians believe that Huni might have even been related to Snefru. A key figure in this case is queen Meresankh I, the royal mother of Snefru. She definitely bore the title of a queen, but no contemporary source connects her name with the title of a daughter or wife of Huni. This circumstance raises doubts in the family relationship between Huni and Snefru.Today most scholars prefer to believe the historian Manetho, who claims in his Aegyptiacae that with the enthronement of Snefru a different royal house gained power over Egypt and a new dynasty had begun. A possible wife of Huni was instead a queen Djefatnebty, whose name appears in black ink inscriptions on beer vases from Elephantine. Her name is guided by the title great one of the hetes-sceptre, making her definitely a queen consort. According to an interpretation by Günter Dreyer, Djefatnebty's death is mentioned alongside several events during the reign of king Huni, although no king is mentioned in the inscription by his name. Dreyer is convinced that the notations concern the 22nd year of Huni's reign, since the Turin canon credits him with a reign of 24 years and no 3rd dynasty king is archaeologically proven to have ruled so long. Dreyer's interpretation is not commonly accepted, though. Until today, no child or other relative of Huni can be identified and connected to him with certainty.William Stevenson Smith and George Andrew Reisner propose to identify queen Hetepheres I (concubine of Sneferu and mother of king Khufu; 4th dynasty) as the daughter of King Huni. Hetepheres bore the female title Sat-netjer ("daughter of a god"), which led Smith and Reisner to the conclusion that this could be a hint to her family position as the daughter of Huni. In this case, Hetepheres would have been an heir princess and by marrying Snefru, she secured the blood line of the royal dynasty. But other scholars, such as Wolfgang Helck and Wilfried

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