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<mask> (February 22, 1858 – July 25, 1932) was a professor of English, the Classics, and Academic Dean of the University of California at Berkeley between the fall of 1889 and July 1932. Biography

<mask> was born in Shanghai to Irish-born American Presbyterian missionaries. In 1862, <mask>' father (Rev. <mask>) contracted cholera and died. <mask>'s father was only 34 when he was buried on a hill overlooking the Straits of Pe-chi-li, China. <mask> soon moved to Ireland with his mother, Sarah, where he was educated at Blackheath school and the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. <mask>' stepfather, Rev.Andrew Brown, was pastor of the Presbyterian church at Hollymount, Ireland. Gayley earned his Doctorate at the University of Michigan and briefly served there as an Assistant Professor of English and Latin. While at Michigan, Gayley: (a) composed the Michigan college songs, The Yellow and Blue and Laudes atque Carmina; (b) developed a love of Shakespeare and poetry; (c) studied one year abroad at the University of Giessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany (focusing on German, medieval European history, and Modern French History); and (c) accepted his call (within ten minutes of receiving it) to teach in California. At Berkeley, <mask> was an author, scholar, orator, and widely acclaimed literary critic. He served as University Examiner, Head of the English Department, Dean of Faculties, visiting professor at Oxford, and was a Director of the Commercial Bank of Berkeley. Occasionally, Gayley's lectures were moved to the outdoor Greek theatre to accommodate overflow students and guests. A tireless advocate of education and idea-sharing, Gayley was instrumental in the development of the University Extension, the College of Commerce, building the Senior Hall, the Stephens Union (on the model of the Oxford Union), bringing Psi Upsilon to Berkeley, and establishing the student volunteers' Ambulance Corps.In 1895, Dr. <mask> penned the famous song Golden Bear which begins, "Oh, have you seen the heavens blue, heavens blue", to commemorate the victorious return of the first track team sent east by the University. The song contributed to the selection of the 'golden bear' as the mascot of athletic teams. A staunch patriot, <mask> was also considered a chief war leader at the University, and the west in general, during World War I.

<mask> married the handsome Sallie Pickett Harris, daughter of Rt. Rev. Samuel Smith Harris, D.D., LL.D. (1841–1888), who was the second Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Michigan. Gayley first danced with Sallie at the 1888 Ann Arbor 'Junior Hop', when their engagement was already rumored.When they met again, at the wedding of Lois Angell and Andrew McLaughlin in 1890, <mask> swore that "he would marry that young lady". The two were married a year later. One of the ushers at the religious ceremony of union was James R. Angell, son of Michigan's President Angell, who later himself became president of Yale University. On November 27, 1892, <mask> was confirmed at St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Berkeley. He immediately began assisting with readings, scripture lessons, and occasionally led an entire service. When it was known beforehand that <mask> was to read the lessons, University students flocked to St. Mark's. His religious faith was simple and deep.No one could talk with him without being aware of it. <mask> founded the Berkeley Canterbury Club as a forum to discuss the application of Christian principles to everyday life; and his academic course, The Bible in English Literature, was considered a chief delight among students and himself. He had the gardener's touch that made plants grow, both literally and figuratively; and his gift of friendship was all-embracing. The humblest to the most exalted could call him as a friend. <mask> died in his sleep, with funeral services held at his home, on July 2, 1932. In 1943, former student Bejamin P. Kurtz authored the professor's biography, <mask> <mask>: The Glory of a Lighted Mind. Early life

<mask> was the eldest son of Rev.Samuel Rankin <mask> and Sarah Sophia <mask>. Through his maternal grandmother, <mask> could trace his ancestry to the Mayflower through Thomas Rogers. His father, the son of a Scottish-Irish farmer, had emigrated to the USA due to the Great Famine. Hearing the call, he became a missionary in China, despite warnings that his constitution may not withstand the conditions. Samuel and Sarah were married in August 1856, and set sail for China some two months later in October. They arrived in early 1857, barely 119 days later. The following year, on the anniversary of George Washington's birthday, <mask> was born, named for his maternal uncle.<mask> spent his early years in Shanghai, where the family battled with the heat, illness and the Taiping Rebellion. Both his parents were repeatedly ill with dysentery and cholera, and <mask>' younger brother Andrew died of dysentery in November 1860, barely one year old, just three weeks before the birth of his sister, Fannie. In 1861 the family decided to move north in the hope of fairer weather. With the American Civil War threatening to curtail money for foreign missionaries, <mask>' father got them passage on a ship to Tengzhou, where they established a new mission. Here the family thrived for a time, until the cholera struck again, killing both <mask>' father and sister in 1862. <mask> and his mother left China, intending to sail for the United States to respect his father's final wish. But with the civil war still raging, <mask>' mother Sarah decided first to set sail for Ireland, to pay her respects to her dead husbands family.On arrival, she discovered that both parents of her husband had died, her mother-in-law dying days before news of her son's death reached Ireland. Her brother-in-law took her in, and soon she accepted a proposal of marriage from a cousin of <mask>' father, Reverend Andrew Brown. The new family settled at Brown's church in Hollymount. Education and early career

At the age of nine, <mask> was sent to Blackheath Proprietary School in London to be schooled, and at sixteen he studied at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, Belfast. He excelled in both English and the classics, and graduated with honours, winning a place at Cambridge University. <mask> planned to study to be a Presbyterian clergyman, like his father and stepfather. The arrival of his great-uncle changed his aspirations, declaring that <mask>, as an American citizen, should be educated in the United States.With his mother eventually giving her approval, <mask> left Ireland for the University of Michigan, there to study law. <mask> again excelled in both Latin and Greek, but now he developed a passion for Shakespeare. After attending a performance of Romeo and Juliet, <mask> found the work moved him in a way it had not managed previously, and he took to reading and re-reading the complete works and attending performance after performance. His energies and his abilities were such that in 1878 he was offered the position as Principal at the high school in Muskegon. Within two years <mask> returned to the University of Michigan as a Latin teacher. Graduates of <mask>'s Latin classes at Michigan include Arba Seymour Van Valkenburgh and Walter Miller, who, recalling <mask> as a teacher, said "[i]t would be hard to decide whether Gayley was a better teacher of Latin than of English. He was supreme in both.And he was a great teacher of English when he was teaching Latin.". In 1884, <mask> was made assistant professors of Latin, his teaching abilities recognised and rewarded. Although a career as a professor in Latin was mapped out for him, <mask> was eager to pursue his interest in poetry. In 1886, he managed to get a poem accepted for publication in Atlantic Monthly. He was also surprised to win a competition to write a college song for Michigan, receiving the grand sum of $10 for his composition The Yellow and Blue. <mask> returned to Ireland at every summer break, and spoke passionately on Irish matters. After a speech of his praising Gladstone's Home Rule Bill was favourably received, it was arranged that <mask> would meet with Irish liberals in London.Here <mask> encountered Thomas Power O'Connor, and with the pair striking up an immediate rapport, <mask> duly agreed to stump across Ireland in the summer of 1886, much to the consternation of his stepfather and cousins. He received the honorary Doctor of Laws (DLL) from the University of Glasgow in June 1901. In 1904, <mask>, along with Clement Calhoun Young, published The Principles and Progress of English Poetry. The book was published and distributed by the Macmillan Company. In his honor, streets on the UC Berkeley and UC Los Angeles campuses are named after him, as is Mount <mask> in California's Sierra Nevada. Publications
 Classic Myths in English Literature, 1893
 Representative English Comedies, vol. i.1903, vol. ii. 1913, vol. iii. 1914
 The Star of Bethlehem, 1903
 Poetry of the People: Ballads, Lays of Heroism, and National Songs with Martin C. Flaherty, 1903
 The Principles and Progress of English Poetry with Clement Calhoun Young, 1904
 Plays of our Forefathers, 1907
 Idols of Education, 1910
 The Classic Myths in English Literature and in Art, 1911
 Beaumont the Dramatist, 1914
 Shakespeare and the Founders of Liberty in America, 1917

References

External links
  – "based chiefly on Bulfinch's Age of Fable (1855)" – a complete scan of a 1900 copy of the book, browseable and downloadable. 1858 births
1932 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Classical scholars of the University of California, Berkeley
American academics of English literature
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

masks:
Charles Mills Gayley
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Samuel Rankin Gayley
Young Gayley
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<mask> ( – May 2, 1777) was an American general who served in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolutionary War. He died of wounds sustained during the Battle of Ridgefield, Connecticut. Cities, schools, and public places were named after him. He has been called "a largely forgotten hero of the Revolution." Early years

<mask> was born in Stratford, in the British colony of Connecticut. He entered Yale College in 1735, and graduated in 1738. In 1739, following the outbreak of war between Britain and Spain, he joined the colonial militia as a lieutenant, but apparently saw no action.In 1741 he was named lieutenant of a ship of the guarda-costa, or coast guard, which the colony had established to protect against potential Spanish attack. He was later promoted to captain. On March 6, 1745, <mask> married Marie Clapp, the daughter of Yale's president, Thomas Clapp. They went on to have four children; their son Thomas also served in the American Revolutionary War. His grandson Charles Whiting <mask> was Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Navy. Shortly after his marriage, <mask> was named captain of a company in the provincial regiment of Andrew Burr (uncle to future United States Vice President Aaron Burr), and saw service at that year's Siege of Louisbourg. He was sent to France as part of the prisoner escort following that action, and then to England, where he was given an audience with King George and a position as captain in the regiment of William Pepperrell in the British Army.When the French and Indian War broke out, he served from 1755 to the war's end in 1761, during which he was promoted to colonel and given command of the 3rd Connecticut Regiment. In 1758 his regiment was at the disastrous Battle of Carillon before Fort Ticonderoga, and in 1759 at the successful capture of Ticonderoga. Early Revolutionary War service

When the American Revolutionary War broke out with the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, <mask> was in charge of the militia at New Haven. Benedict Arnold wanted to march with his militia company in support of the cause, but <mask> tried to deny Arnold access to the militia's weapons stores. Arnold's threats were persuasive, and <mask> opened the magazine to him. (This confrontation is commemorated in New Haven as Powder House Day.) <mask> was first given command as a major general of Connecticut militia companies sent to defend New York City against possible British troop landings.When the Continental Army was established, <mask> was commissioned a brigadier general, and his troops were sent to be part of General Philip Schuyler and General Richard Montgomery's 1775 invasion of Quebec. <mask> participated in the Siege of Fort St. Jean in the fall of 1775, and was then given military command of Montreal after that city fell in November. He assumed command of all the forces in Quebec following the death of Montgomery in the Battle of Quebec at the end of December 1775. <mask>'s management of Montreal was marked by deteriorating relations with the inhabitants, as efforts to rein in Loyalist activity ended up frustrating even sympathetic locals. He was eventually charged with incompetence over his tenure at Montreal; the court martial cleared him. In April 1776 <mask> took reinforcements to relieve General Arnold, who was besieging Quebec City. <mask> was only briefly in command there, as General John Thomas arrived at the end of April.In early May, British reinforcements arrived at Quebec, and the army was routed, eventually retreating in disarray back to Fort Ticonderoga in July. <mask> returned to Connecticut, where he assumed command of the entire provincial militia responsible for the state's defense as the state's first major general. Danbury raid

British General (and former provincial governor of New York) William Tryon launched an expedition in April 1777 to raid a Continental Army supply depot at Danbury, Connecticut. On April 25, about 2,000 British troops landed near Fairfield, and marched inland, reaching Danbury without resistance on the morning of April 26. They chased away the small garrison, destroyed a large number of supplies, and set fire to parts of the town. When <mask> was alerted to this movement, he notified General Arnold, who was visiting his family in New Haven, and set about calling out the militia to oppose the action. Arnold took several hundred men to set up a position at Ridgefield, while <mask> took a smaller detachment to harass the rear of Tryon's column as they returned to the coast.His first attack caught Tryon by surprise, but he was prepared for <mask>'s second attack, which was made as the column neared Ridgefield. <mask> was mortally wounded when the Redcoats unlimbered six artillery pieces and opened fire. He was taken to the Dibble House in Danbury where he died on May 2, 1777. <mask>'s finals words were, "I am dying, but with a strong hope and persuasion that my country will gain her independence." Memorials

On June 17, 1777, Congress voted that a suitable monument should be erected in his memory, but measures were never inaugurated to execute the resolution. His grave was not identified until 1854, when Connecticut legislature laid the cornerstone of a monument. A sign and a monument on Connecticut Route 116 (North Salem Road) just a few yards away from the intersection with Tackora Trail, marks the spot where General <mask> fell, during the Battle of Ridgefield in 1777.Today, a monument  high marks his final resting place. General <mask> is buried in Wooster Cemetery on Mount Moriah in Danbury, which dates from the middle of the nineteenth century. <mask>'s monument is surrounded by a stone and iron railing. The monument is heavily carved with a variety of military and Masonic symbols, as well as classical Greek motifs. Among extensive information carved into the monument is this quote, "Of his country <mask> said, 'my life has ever been devoted to her services from my youth up, though never before in a cause like this—a cause for which I would most cheerfully risk and lay down my life'." In the 1820s, the city of New Haven converted a small pasture into a public square and named it Wooster Square after Wooster. Today, the entire neighborhood, as well as several streets, all carry Wooster's name.The neighborhood was the center of large-scale Italian immigration to the city in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and still retains a large Italian presence today. Wooster School, a private day school, Wooster Mountain State Park and numerous streets are named after <mask> in Danbury, Bethel, and Ridgefield. Also named for his are <mask> Middle School, a public school in Stratford, Connecticut, a street in SoHo, New York City, and the city of Wooster, Ohio (which houses the College of Wooster and the appropriately named Wooster High School Generals). Ben Douglass, in his 1878 history of Wayne County, Ohio, characterized <mask> as "a man of prepossessing appearance, of rare intellectual culture and accomplished education." See also
 Charles Whiting <mask>

Notes

References

External links

 Gen. <mask> – dedicated website: biographies, public letters, links
  – showing a large monument

1710 births
1777 deaths
People of colonial Connecticut
Continental Army generals
Continental Army officers from Connecticut
United States military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War
Militia generals in the American Revolution
People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War
Burials at Grove Street Cemetery
American people of English descent
Yale University alumni
People from Stratford, Connecticut
Military personnel from Connecticut

masks:
David Wooster
David Wooster
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David Wooster
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<mask> (22 November 1889 – 10 September 1941) was a German phenomenological and existentialist philosopher. Biographical sketch

Following his highschool graduation in Dresden in 1909, <mask> began studying art history, architecture, aesthetics and philosophy at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. In 1910–1911 while doing his military service in Dresden he continued his philosophical studies at Dresden's University of Technology. In the spring of 1911 he moved to Göttingen to study with Edmund Husserl. Together with Theodor Conrad and his wife, Hedwig Conrad-Martius, as well as Roman Ingarden and Fritz Kaufmann, <mask> belonged to the famous "Philosophical Society of Göttingen" that gathered around Husserl and Adolf Reinach. This society also included Edith Stein, who described the young <mask> as follows: "He was very tall, slender but strong; his handsome, expressive face was fresh like a child's and his big round eyes were earnest – questioning like a child's eyes. He usually uttered his opinion in a short but definitive statement."<mask> also studied biology. In the winter of 1912 he completed a doctorate with a dissertation entitled "About structural changes of plants in a modified medium", after which he began to study medicine. Between 1914 and 1918 he served in World War I as an assistant army physician. After the war he continued his interrupted studies in Göttingen and Freiburg i. Br. and completed his formal medical degree. In 1919 he received his license to practice medicine, and in 1920 he published a Ph.D. dissertation in medicine addressing "... the effect of certain colchicine derivatives". In 1921 he completed his habilitation (qualification for professorship) under the mathematician Richard Courant, whom he had met through Edith Stein, with a dissertation entitled "Investigations into the philosophy of mathematics".<mask> had close personal links with the philosophers Josef König, Helmuth Plessner, and Georg Misch. During the academic year 1923/24 he and Misch conducted a seminar on the theory of signification (hermeneutics). In 1928 <mask> substituted for the professor of philosophy at the University of Marburg. Having declined a professorship at the University of Santiago de Chile, he accepted in 1936 the position of Ordinarius (chair professor) of philosophy at the University of Frankfurt am Main. Throughout his academic career, <mask> continued occasionally to practice medicine, substituting alternatively for army physicians and country doctors. During the term breaks 1921/1922 and again 1930/1931, when he was already teaching as a professor, he served for extensive periods as a doctor in the navy, traveling to all continents except for Australia. In 1934 <mask> joined the SS.According to Otto Friedrich Bollnow, <mask> did so to put a distance between himself and the NSDAP, submitting that SS was a purely military organisation. At the beginning of World War II in September 1939 he was drafted to the military and served as an army doctor in France and Russia. He lost his life in a battle at Shabero/Ochwat on 10 September 1941 and was buried in the nearby cemetery of Dudino. Philosophy as responsible self-acceptance

According to <mask>, human existence is grounded in the interpretation of reality. Asking about what something is refers to and fundamentally involves the human being, in relation to whom everything primarily is. Husserl, too, demands a reversion. Yet his return is not directed towards the concrete human being but instead to a "transcendental ego" through which the concrete human being is to be constituted in the first place.Martin Heidegger substituted Husserl's intentional analysis of "transcendental consciousness" with the existential analytic of Dasein, as it has been expounded in Sein und Zeit in terms of a fundamental ontology. Like Heidegger, <mask> inquires about the Sein of the concrete human being. While Heidegger interprets this Sein as a phenomenon in the sense of something "which-shows-itself," <mask> begins from the question: "Inwiefern wird in der mannigfachen Bedeutung des Seienden gerade die Verfassung meiner Existenz Erfahrung?" (To what extent does the manifold signification of Seiendes lead to the experience of the constitution of my existence?) With this question, <mask> moves closer to Husserl's method of transcendental inquiry ("transzendentale Leitfäden"). Unlike Husserl, however, <mask> is neither concerned with the constitution of Seiendes, nor – as Heidegger is – with the question about the "Sein des Seienden". From <mask>'s point of view, Sein cannot be disentangled from the concretization of its essence ("was").His focus is on the manifold meanings of being ("sein"): the "is" in statements such as "is blue", "is a lion", "is iron", "is rain", "is a speech", "is greed", etc. denotes different things and differs in its respective meaning. From this <mask> concludes: "Es gibt keine universelle Ontologie." (There is no universal ontology.) So what exactly is the subject matter of <mask>'s philosophy? Does his thought move on a trajectory from the essence of things ("das Was der Dinge") via "language" ("Sprache") to the "human being" ("Mensch"), as his three major treatises might suggest? <mask> states: "Die Weise, in der der Philosophierende existiert, sich vor sich selbst bringt in der Bewegtheit seiner Einstellung - aber kein Gegenstand - bestimmt die Philosophie."(Philosophy is determined not by the object but by the mode in which the philosophizing subject exists and how it relates to itself in the movement of its perception) () Philosophy is neither defined by a specific subject matter, nor a clearly delineated field of investigation; it cannot be compartmentalized into disciplines or taken into possession. "Philosophy" describes a direction and a point of view one cannot assume deliberately as it consists in an attitude that develops in direct opposition to my natural inclination. Philosophy does not intend to lay new grounds; rather it occurs "als verantwortliche Übernahme schon geschehener Grundlegung" (as a responsible adoption of an already existing groundwork). In philosophy I become conscious of myself. Philosophy traces back to, and brings to awareness, what has been present before without being conscious of itself ("an ihm selber in seiner Vorgängigkeit unbewußt"). Thus I seek to become aware of myself in my origins, and consequently attain an original relationship to reality, not by disposing of prior decisions - which would be impossible - but by accepting myself in these prior decisions. Such a philosophy is not geared toward enlightenment but toward a responsible appropriation of myself in my origins, toward a responsible performance of my existence, toward existing properly.In this regard philosophy specifically is existential philosophy. The term of reference of philosophy is reality ("Wirklichkeit"), to which I have always already reached out and within which I have gained pre-predicative understanding of myself as well as of reality. It is in this relationship that reality becomes real and that the human being realizes itself. The reality of myself as well as of other people is directed toward the reality of things, which refers back to the former. It is only in such proportionality that anything exists at all. It is ultimately for this reason that everything that is real and to the extent that it is real refers back to my own and other people's (practical and theoretical) ability by which human existence is realized. Such relationship is therefore an "indicator of existential possibilities": a piece of iron, the color blue, vision, cognition, embarrassment, etc.Philosophy unveils human existence as the center of reality - in analogy to the interpretation of a text. For <mask>, philosophy is therefore a hermeneutics of reality directed at human existence for the purpose of enabling the latter to its own realization. As <mask> understands it, "hermeneutics" necessarily implies a fundamentally retroactive dimension. Philosophy qua hermeneutics of reality is tied up with language, through which alone reality – both in terms of objects or things as well as of human beings - is being revealed. It is therefore the foremost task of philosophical inquiry to take up and follow the hints toward meaning and signification embodied in word and speech. And it must clarify those hints and explicate the pre-predicative mode of understanding they represent as grounded in the logos. This leads to the problem of the openness of the meaning of words.In open contrast to Husserl's theory of the "Ideal unities of significance" <mask> emphasized the "open indifference" of many utterances whose meaning changes according to the change of speech situation.This resembles Wittgenstein's conception of "language games" (a similarity seen for the first time by Gottfried Bräuer). A further similarity exists between Wittgenstein's "concepts with blurred edges" (Philosophical Investigations  § 71) and the "envisageing conceptions " which in both cases are illustrated by the word "Spiel". There is, however, no trace of any influence on either side. Works
<mask>pps: Werke in five volumes. Frankfurt a. Main: Vittorio Klostermann Verlag, 1976-1977. Volume I: Untersuchungen zur Phänomenologie der Erkenntnis.Part 1: "Das Ding und seine Eigenschaften " (1927); Part 2: "Aussage und Urteil " (1928). Volume II: Untersuchungen zu einer hermeneutischen Logik (1938). Volume III: Die menschliche Natur (1941). Volume IV: Die Verbindlichkeit der Sprache. "Aufsätze und Vorträge" (1929 bis 1941), "Frühe Schriften" (1921 bis 1927), "Bemerkungen." Volume V: Die Wirklichkeit des Menschen. "Aufsätze und Vorträge" (1932 bis 1939), "Frühe Schriften" (1921 und 1924), "Fragmentarisches."<mask> Gadamer writes in the preface to the edition of <mask>'s works:
"In our days, <mask>'s work should once again find its time. Mining in the quarry of language undertaken in England in the wake of Wittgenstein, Austin, and Searle has not only a predecessor, but an excellent counterpart in <mask>. In questioning language, <mask> gains almost inexhaustible anwers. Among phenomenologists, <mask>'s standing in unrivaled in his aural sensitivity for language and this perception of gesture." References

Sources and further reading
 Otto Friedrich Bollnow, Studien zur Hermeneutik. Volume II: "Zur hermeneutischen Logik von Georg Misch und <mask>." Freiburg / München: Alber, 1983.Otto Friedrich Bollnow, <mask>: "Ein Beitrag zur philosophischen Lage der Gegenwart," in Blätter für Deutsche Philosophie.16 (1941/3), p. 293-323 [1]
 Gottfried Bräuer: Wege in die Sprache. Ludwig Wittgenstein und <mask>,  in: Bildung und Erziehung 1963, pp. 131–140. Alfred W. E. Hübner, Existenz und Sprache. Überlegungen zur hermeneutischen Sprachauffassung von Martin Heidegger und <mask>. Berlin: Duncker und Humblot, 2001. Frithjof Rodi "Beiträge zum 100.Geburtstag von <mask> am 22. November 1989: 4 Beiträge zur Biographie, 4 Beiträge zur Philosophie von <mask>, Texte und Dokumente," in Dilthey-Jahrbuch für Philosophie und Geschichte der Geisteswissenschaften 6 (1989), ed. together with O. F. Bollnow, U. Dierse, K. Gründer, R. Makkreel, O. Pöggeler and H.-M- Sass. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 1989. Guy van Kerckhoven / <mask>: Fragilität der Existenz. Phänomenologische Studien zur Natur des Menschen. Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg / München 2011.Gerhard Rogler, Die hermeneutische Logik von <mask> und die Begründbarkeit wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis. Würzburg: Ergon, 1998. Wolfgang von der Weppen, Die existentielle Situation und die Rede. Untersuchungen zu Logik und Sprache in der existentiellen Hermeneutik von <mask>. Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann, 1984. Meinolf Wewel, Die Konstitution des transzendenten Etwas im Vollzug des Sehens. Eine Untersuchung im Anschluß an die Philosophie von <mask> und in Auseinandersetzung mit Edmund Husserls Lehre vom "intentionalen Bewußtseinskorrelat."Düsseldorf 1968. - Google

1889 births
1941 deaths
Phenomenologists
SS personnel
German philosophers
German military doctors
German military personnel of World War I
German military personnel killed in World War II
German male writers
German Army officers of World War II

masks:
Hans Lipps
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Hans Lipps
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Hans Li
Hans Georg
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Hans Lipps
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<mask> (born 1950 or 1958) is an American filmmaker, and is best known for the 1983 film Born in Flames. Early life
The daughter of a Detroit stockbroker, originally named <mask>, at the age of eleven she decided to take the name of the accused 1890s Massachusetts double murderer <mask>, and was inspired by the following children's rhyme:
<mask> took an axe
And gave her father forty whacks,
When she saw what she had done,
She gave her mother forty-one

It even resulted in an announcement to her parents that she was legally changing her name. <mask> says, "At the time, my name was the best rebellion I could make." Early career
<mask>'s career as a feminist filmmaker began when she majored in art at Wellesley College in Massachusetts before moving to New York. She moved away from the more mainstream writing and art criticism (in part for Art Forum) and decided to become a painter. However, after attending a retrospective of the films of Jean-Luc Godard, she was inspired to experiment with cinema and favored a "naive" approach to film production. Independent film career
Initially, her films were united by an "iconoclastic depiction of sex" and she controversially portrayed prostitution as an "economic choice" in her 1986 film Working Girls.Her body of work also investigates race, class, power, capitalism, and the power money bestows—all from a feminist vantage point. In 1976 she made an experimental documentary film titled Regrouping which chronicled the fracturing of a women's collective. The film was a portrait of four women artists and incorporated avant-garde techniques borrowed from performance art including a meta-analysis of the role of film itself in the fracturing of the collective that the film portrayed. The film was shown along with Born in Flames at an Anthology Film Archives screening in 2016. Her next film finished in 1983, Born in Flames, named after a song written by a member of Art & Language, Mayo Thompson of the Red Krayola. It was shot and edited over the course of five years and had a budget of $30,000. Set in New York, it explores the role media plays in culture.What began as a project about white feminist responses to an oppressive government evolved into a story about women of color, including lesbians, and white women of various classes mobilizing into collective action, and concerned the racial, class, and political conflicts in a future United States socialist democracy. <mask>'s "naive" approach to film production can be seen in its gritty, pseudo-documentary style, which pieces together a "disjunctive collage of women's individual and collective work". Additionally, she used nonprofessional actresses and actors. Born in Flames premiered at the Berlin Film Festival and won several awards. It was named one of "The Most Important 50 Independent Films" by Filmmaker magazine and has been the subject of extensive feminist analysis, including that of Teresa de Lauretis. In February 2016, Anthology Film Archives hosted a week-long revival run of Born in Flames, premiering their new 35mm restoration funded by The Film Foundation and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. The restoration was part of a larger multi-year project, "Re-Visions: American Experimental Film 1975–1990" supported by The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts.To commemorate the re-release, The New Yorker remarked, "the free, ardent, spontaneous creativity of 'Born in Flames' emerges as an indispensable mode of radical change—one that many contemporary filmmakers with political intentions have yet to assimilate." <mask>'s second film, Working Girls, depicting the lives of sex workers, maintains some of the stylistic and thematic features of her debut, but is more mainstream in its approach. The film was inspired by some of the women who participated in the making of Born in Flames, who coincidentally supported themselves through prostitution. Although Working Girls addresses the subject of prostitution in great detail, <mask> prefers the film to be discussed as a narrative fiction film rather than as a documentary. The film was intended to be a "back-stage" look at prostitution. In a New York Times review, Vincent Canby writes, "Working Girls, though a work of fiction, sounds as authentic as might a documentary about coal miners. " The film portrays prostitution as an often tedious, sometimes depressing, occasionally interesting or funny job.The main character, Molly, claims to have a degree from Yale and is a lesbian in her private life. <mask> wrote, directed, and produced the film and it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in the Director's Fortnight. The film won Best Feature at the Sundance Film Festival and was sold and then distributed by Miramax Films. Hollywood film career
Miramax then gave <mask> a budget of $6 million and a script for Love Crimes, her first Hollywood film feature. It was intended as a thriller, but <mask> envisioned it as centered more on a woman's genuine sexual feelings. It was originally scripted by Allan Moyle, but was rewritten by Laurie Frank, a female screenwriter specifically requested by <mask>. This was also her first film not based on an original script.It starred Sean Young and Patrick Bergin. Although <mask> found herself in the position to direct a mainstream production, her power over the film's content was disrupted by (as <mask> puts it) "everyone else's psyches ... with their fetishes, and what they don't like". Love Crimes was subjected to much studio interference and it fell victim to Hollywood's more politically correct protocols regarding sex in the 1990s, and as a result it lacked the taboo representations she was once able to project on screen. Numerous scenes were removed and some never shot in the studio's attempts to present what they termed an "acceptable" vision of the lead's sexuality to a mass audience. The studio took away much of <mask>'s control over the final product and even went so far as to cut out the original ending that <mask> had shot, substituting its own. "I went to movie jail after I did this awful movie, Love Crimes. I should have taken my name off it, but I was bullied into not taking my name off it.There are things in it that I didn't shoot. It's just not my movie, really." The film was released to theaters and quickly tanked, and the film was removed after three weeks due to poor box office. For its VHS release, <mask> negotiated the restoration of several scenes originally cut from the theatrical release. As a result, two versions of the film were released in July 1992: the original theatrical version and a second, "unrated" version. "The problems really came down to sex", <mask> said. "My vision of what I wanted, of how I wanted to explore the character (played by Sean Young) and her sexual needs and desires just wasn't acceptable or accepted.The sadomasochistic element of the film as I envisioned it was too scary for the people writing the checks. And then I didn't get the final cut. "The eventual VHS release saw the film's unrated version become a fast seller and remains a cult favorite and highly collectible item. In a 2018 podcast, <mask> says the "director's cut" was never really hers but a marketing ploy by Weinstein. After the film's release and critical failure in the box office it became very difficult for <mask> to set up further projects. She ventured into television with mixed results, and worked with such cult stars as Mary Woronov, Alexis Arquette and Joe Dallesandro in a series of Propaganda Films created for Playboy TV (other directors in the series included Bernard Rose and Alexander Payne.) She subsequently directed episodes of Red Shoe Diaries, Alex Mack and other television productions, as well as directing local theater in Hollywood with the Grace Players, a theater troupe under the direction of Natalija Nogulich.She cast future famous actor Bryan Cranston in the 1995 film Erotique; <mask> (as one of the four directors involved in the four sex vignettes) noted, "Besides Louise Smith, he was the most game, daring actor I've ever worked with." In 1999 <mask> was able to pitch to investors and was in pre-production on a filmed version of August Strindberg's 1888 play Miss Julie when director Mike Figgis announced his own version in the trades and her bank financing collapsed. In 2001 <mask> flew to New York City for final script discussions with actress Susan Sarandon for her next film project, named Rialto. She and her partners arrived on the morning of 9/11, just in time to witness the World Trade Center collapse. Sarandon immediately joined the relief effort at Ground Zero and the project was put on hold. Since the mid-2000s <mask> has been working as a script doctor in Los Angeles, writing scripts for other directors, including one about reggae singer Bob Marley's relationship with mobster Danny Sims (based on Rita Marley's autobiography No Woman No Cry); This project is now called "Rebels" and has been announced as part of slate of projects by Golden Island Filmworks to begin shooting in 2016. She worked in television on some pilots for Fox Television, wrote a play about singer Nina Simone and is continuing to solicit financing for her independent projects.<mask> was once quoted as saying, "Born in Flames and Working Girls are the only two films I consider my own. The others – especially Love Crimes and Erotique – were so radically re-cut and interfered with by producers, they're not 'mine', in any sense of the word." Flashbacks by L.M. Kit Carson were added to "Love Crimes" and <mask> was threatened against taking her name off the film. The producer of "Erotique" re-edited the film and laid on a music track, along with other changes. "I would like to make films the way I used to in New York, if that is possible. If I am able to make 'Rialto' in ten years – or twenty – I hope it will still be relevant.I don't need to make a lot of films, I just need to believe in the ones I make. I would prefer to remain silent in the sense of the Susan Sontag essay until I am able to make something I believe in. And the issues I believe in – social issues, feminist issues, radical issues – are difficult to finance, even independently." <mask> will be directing a film, "Rialto", is editing a book, Honey On A Razor, of stories by strippers and is collaborating on a series about strippers with Antonia Crane, author of the memoir, Spent. In February, 2016, "Born In Flames" was shown at the Anthology Film Archives in a 35 mm print restored by the Anthology. This remastered print which has been screened at the Walker Art Center, the Toronto Film Festival and at the London Film Festival. Experiencing somewhat of a second life, "Born In Flames" was screened at the London Film Festival in 2017, the Edinburgh Film Festival, in Brussels, Barcelona, Madrid, San Sebastian, the Seoul International Women's Film Festival and in many US cities, including Detroit, Rochester, San Francisco and New Orleans.<mask>'s first film, "Regrouping", which showed at the Anthology, also showed in February, 2016 and again, in July, at The Edinburgh Film Festival, where it first played, in Spain and in Brussels. "Regrouping" is being restored by The Anthology Film Archives for a 2021 release. It has been acquired, along with "Born In Flames" and "Working Girls" by the Criterion Channel, currently showing "Born In Flames" and an interview with <mask>. Criterion is also restoring "Working Girls" for a 2021 release. "Born In Flames" appeared on Turner Movie Classics on the night of November 3, 2020, along with <mask>'s commentary on the film and on several other films in Mark Cousins' documentary "Women Make Film. In 2021, <mask> was invited to become a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Personal life
<mask> has stated she is bisexual.Filmography

Film
Regrouping (1976)
Born in Flames (1983)
Working Girls (1986)
Inside Out (1991)
Love Crimes (1992)
Erotique (1994)

Television
Monsters (1989)
Silk Stalkings (1996)
Red Shoe Diaries (1996)

Awards and nominations

See also
 List of female film and television directors
 List of LGBT-related films directed by women

References

Further reading
Adams, Sam. "Kathleen Hanna on the Film that's Inspired Her for Decades." The Dissolve. December 3, 2013. Baise, Greg. "<mask> talks about her scrappy, feminist magnum opus, 'Born in Flames'." Detroit Metro Times.March 1, 2017. Brody, Richard. "The Political Science Fiction of 'Born in Flames'." The New Yorker. February 19, 2016. Filetti, Jean S. "From <mask> to Lorena Bobbitt: Violent Women and Gendered Justice". Journal of American Studies.35 (3): 471–484. Fusco, Coco. 1986. "Working girls: an interview with <mask>". Afterimage. 14: 6–7. Jaehne, Karen.1987. "Hooker". Film Comment. 23: 25–32. MacDonald, Scott. 1989. "Interview with <mask>".Feminist Studies. 15:
Nastasi, Alison. "'Choice is Paramount': Filmmaker <mask> on the Radical Feminism of 'Born in Flames'." Flavorwise. February 18, 2016. Sussler, Betsy. "<mask>rden."BOMB Magazine. October 1, 1983. Willse, Craig, and Dean Spade. "We are Born in Flames." Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory 23.1 (2013): 1–5. Lassinaro, Kaisa. "Born in Flames."Occasional Papers, 2011. External links
 <mask> on glbtq.com

Occasional Papers

1950s births
Living people
American film editors
American film producers
American women film directors
American women film editors
American women film producers
American women screenwriters
Feminist filmmakers
LGBT film directors
Film directors from Michigan
LGBT people from Michigan
Writers from Detroit
Year of birth uncertain
21st-century American women

masks:
Lizzie Borden
Linda Elizabeth Borden
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Borden
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Bordon
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Bo
Lizzie Borden


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 31 May 1980, Munich, Germany) is a German professional boxer of Bosnian descent. He challenged once for the WBO world cruiserweight title in 2003. Career
<mask> made his pro debut in 1997 as a cruiserweight and went undefeated in 31 fights before losing to Johnny Nelson in his challenge for the WBO Cruiserweight title. Since then he's only lost three other fights in the cruiserweight division, including a loss to fellow German Firat Arslan in a WBO Inter-Continental cruiserweight title fight.

masks:
Alexander Petkovic
Petkovic


text_chunks:
<mask> (born May 8, 1974) is a retired Swedish professional kickboxer and mixed martial artist. He is a former two time World Muay Thai Council Heavyweight Muaythai World Champion. He is considered to be among the greatest Scandinavian kickboxers of all time. Biography and career

Muay Thai career
<mask> started practicing martial arts first time in 1984. He tried Judo and Jujutsu and couple years later switched over to taekwondo. It was not until 1987 when he came in contact with Muay Thai first time. He started to train under Po Lindwall.Kruth had his first Muay Thai fight in 1988 at the age of 14. In 1993 he had 3 amateur boxing bouts and as well as two Savate fights. In 1994, at the age of 19, he became Nordic Muaythai Champion. In 1995, Kruth participated at IAMTF Amateur World Muay Thai Championships in Bangkok. He worked his way all the way to the final where he lost against a Thai and went home with a silver medal in -81 kg. In 1996, he became the Amateur Muay Thai World Champion for the first time and defended this title in 1997 as well. In 1997 <mask> changed his training center to his current club, Vallentuna Boxing Camp (VBC) and a year later turned pro.He won his first two professional fights by KO at the famous Rajadamnern Stadium in Bangkok and became WKA Muay Thai Cruiserweight World Champion. In 1999 <mask> <mask> fought in Japan for the first time and won by KO. He followed up his strong debut by knocking out all three opponents in the same night at K-1 World GP tournament in Zagreb. In 2004, <mask> became the WMC Heavyweight Muay Thai World Champion defeating Polish-Australian Paul Slowinski. In February 2005, he defended his title against Sergei Gur from Belarus,

MMA career
Kruth made his professional MMA debut in April 2009. He amassed an undefeated record of 5 wins over the next couple of years with none of his fights having reached the second round. <mask> was expected to make his UFC debut on April 14, 2012 against Cyrille Diabaté at UFC on Fuel TV 2.However, <mask> was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Tom DeBlass. <mask> was expected to finally make his UFC debut against Fabio Maldonado on September 29, 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV 5 in Nottingham, England. However it was reported on September 7, 2012 that <mask> dropped out of his fight with Maldonado to retire from combat sports. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-12-19 || Win ||align=left| Ivica Perkovic || Heaven or Hell 4 || Prague, Czech Republic || TKO || 2 ||
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-09-05 || Win ||align=left| Paul Slowinski || SM Thaiboxing Gala || Stockholm, Sweden || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2004-08-07 || Loss ||align=left| Brecht Wallis || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas II || Las Vegas, Nevada || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-08-07 || Win ||align=left| Rony Sefo || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas II || Las Vegas, Nevada || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-04-24 || Win ||align=left| Vitali Akhramenko || K-1 Italy Grand Prix 2004 in Milan || Milan, Italy || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-04-24 || Win ||align=left| Josip Bodrozic || K-1 Italy Grand Prix 2004 in Milan || Milan, Italy || KO (Right overhand) || 3 || 2:59
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-04-24 || Win ||align=left| Ivica Perkovic || K-1 Italy Grand Prix 2004 in Milan || Milan, Italy || TKO (Ref. stop/three knockdowns) || 2 || 2:30
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-02-14 || Win ||align=left| Vitali Akhramenko || K-1 Scandinavia 2004 World Qualification || Stockholm, Sweden || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2003-06-15 || Loss ||align=left| Paul Slowinski || Knees of Fury IV || Adelaide, Australia || TKO (Doc.stop/elbow) || 1 ||
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2003-05-30 || Loss ||align=left| Xhavit Bajrami || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Basel || Basel, Switzerland || Ext. R Decision (Split) || 4 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2003-04-06 || Win ||align=left| Samir Benazzouz || K-1 Holland Grand Prix 2003 || Zoetermeer, Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2001-02-04 || Win ||align=left| Marc de Wit || K-1 Holland GP 2001 in Arnhem || Arnhem, Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2001-02-04 || Win ||align=left| Peter Varga || K-1 Holland GP 2001 in Arnhem || Arnhem, Netherlands || KO (High kick) || 2 ||
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2000-10-09 || Loss ||align=left| Mike Bernardo || K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 in Fukuoka || Fukuoka, Japan || KO (Right overhand) || 1 || 2:24
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2000-09-01 || Win ||align=left| Xhavit Bajrami || K-1 Grand Prix Europe 2000 || Zagreb, Croatia || KO (High kick) || 3 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2000-09-01 || Win ||align=left| Drazo Orduri || K-1 Grand Prix Europe 2000 || Zagreb, Croatia || KO (Knees) || 1 ||
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2000-09-01 || Win ||align=left| Tony Katoni || K-1 Grand Prix Europe 2000 || Zagreb, Croatia || KO (Punch) || 1 ||
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2000-03-13 || Loss ||align=left| Alexey Ignashov ||  Night Club "Reaktor" || Minsk, Belarus || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 1999-08-15 || Loss ||align=left| Alexey Ignashov ||  Queen's Birthday, Rajamangala Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 2 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1998 || Win ||align=left|  || || || KO || 1 ||
|-
!

masks:
Jörgen Ingmar Kruth
Jörgen
Jörgen
Jörgen
Kruth
Kruth
Kruth
Kruth
Kruth
Kruth


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 14 September 1961 in Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire) is an English former rugby union footballer who played in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 2000s. He learnt to play rugby at Keighley RUFC and had a long playing career for Leicester Tigers, Bedford RFC, Sale FC, and Leeds Tykes, at prop i.e. 1 or 3. At a representative level he played for Yorkshire, The Northern Division, and England at 19 Group, Under 23 and England 'B'. Early life
<mask> was one of four children growing up in the family-run business, the Airedale Heifer Inn, a public house in Sandbeds, Keighley, which was run by his rugby-playing father <mask>. He attended Crossflatts Primary School and Bingley Grammar School, where he was capped, four times by England Schools 19 Group in the 1980 Five Nations Tournament. After leaving school <mask> joined the Royal Air Force as a physical training instructor.This three-part course included PTI training at RAF Cosford, the Basic Parachute Course at No. 1 Parachute Training School and Adventurous training at Llanrwst in North Wales. After passing out with the rank of corporal, <mask> was posted to RAF North Luffenham in Edith Weston and living in the market town of Uppingham. This enabled <mask> to accept an earlier invitation to join Leicester Tigers. Royal Air Force and Combined Services Rugby

While in the RAF <mask> won the first of his fourteen caps as an Aircraftman while still under training at RAF Cosford, against the Royal Navy on 28 February 1981 in the Inter Services Tournament at Twickenham & his second cap a week later against the Army. In July 1981 <mask> visited the United States with the RAF rugby team, staying at Bergstrom Air Force Base in Texas the Royal Air Force team won the Austin Rugby Tournament defeating Houston in the final. Here <mask> played in the front five with two outstanding Royal Air Force forwards Peter Larter & John Orwin.During his seven years of service, <mask> was part of the Royal Air Force team which went on to enjoy a golden era in the 1980s winning a hat-trick of Inter Service titles: in 1982 (for only the fourth time since 1945), then in 1985, and 1986. (The 1984 title was a triple tie.) He represented the Combined Services rugby team twelve times, including three games against the very competitive Joinville Battalion of the French Armed Forces.On 29 December 1981 he played against Tony Shaw's Australian Wallabies at Aldershot Military Stadium. <mask> played against Canada at the US Portsmouth RFC on 14 October on their 1983 tour on England. On 30 November 1985 Wayne Shelford's New Zealand Combined Services team at Devonport Services R.F.C. and he played against Australia at Aldershot Military Stadium on 27 October 1984 against Andrew Slack's Wallabie team. Club rugby career

<mask> joined Leicester Tigers in July 1981.Tigers' coach Chalkie White who was a unique, outspoken coach who demanded high levels of fitness, discipline and progressive rugby, selected him for his first game for the club against Northampton Saints away, on 16 October, he made his home début the following week against Swansea on 24 October at Welford Road and scored a try. <mask> represented Leicester Tigers against the Australian Wallabies at Welford Road on 25 November 1981; the Australian team was Captained by Mark Loane. <mask> played twice against the Barbarians during his Leicester career and toured Zimbabwe with Tigers in 1982, playing in both games against Zimbabwe in Harare and Bulawayo. In 1984 he played against The Gulf on the Middle East tour to Bahrain & Dubai and in 1985 to France. During Tigers game against Chambérien Olympique Rugby in an era with out the front row replacement system <mask> played most of the game with a broken fibula. <mask> left Leicester in 1986 to join Bedford, captained by former Tigers player Andy Key, and played against Kenya in Nairobi as part of the clubs Centenary Season celebrations. At the start of the 1987 season he joined Sale, where he captained the club from 1992 to 1993 and was included on the Sale FC Club Honours Board in 1994.He played in the winning Courage league 1 team in 1993–1994. In 1996 he joined Phil Davies at Leeds Tykes for the last three years of his rugby career playing in two promotion winning teams and played against Tonga at Headingley on 26 November 1997. In an article for the rugby paper in 2012 former Sale lock Dave Baldwin named <mask> as loose head prop in his Sale "dream team". Representative honours

<mask> was capped by Leicestershire in the County Championship his first game was against East Midlands in November 1981. He won his first cap for Yorkshire, against Ulster at Ravenhill in 1986 and scoring a try on his debut. Later that season he played in the 22–11 victory over Middlesex in the 1986–87 Rugby Union County Championship final at Twickenham on 11 April 1987. He went on to make twenty one appearances for Yorkshire in the County Championship.<mask> played for England U23 against England Students at Walsall RUFC on 10 April 1985 after this game he was picked to represent England 'B' for their game against Italy 'B' at Twickenham on 17 April 1985. After leaving the RAF in 1987, <mask> accepted an opportunity to play in South Africa for Durban High School Old Boys, (DHSOB), a club he had represented in 1984. DHSOB were led by former Natal hooker Don Spiers as chairman the team had some first class players including, the Blakeway brothers, Andrew & Lyle, Peter Edmonds and Greg Hamilton. As a result of <mask>'s move to South Africa Ian McIntosh the then Natal, (now ), coach picked him to make his debut for the province along with his fellow prop Gerard Harding of Durban Harlequins and Empangeni number 8 Byron Kankowski to play for the provincial side against the touring Pacific Coast Grizzlys at Kings Park Stadium, Durban on 16 July 1988. The 1988 Currie Cup was the 50th season in the Currie Cup competition since it started in 1889. On 23 July <mask> made his Currie Cup debut in Round Nine at home against Transvaal (now the Golden Lions) in the winning Natal team 22–18. In the Transvaal side that day was fellow Yorkshire team mate Peter Winterbottom.Along with England and Harlequin's No 8 Chris Butcher (Natal) these three players represent only a handful of English players to play in the Currie Cup in the Apartheid era in South Africa. In June 1989 Whitcombe & Winterbottom were due to tour Zimbabwe with Yorkshire. Due to their breach of the Gleneagles Agreement both were declared undesirable alien's Persona non grata by Robert Mugabe's ZANU PF government as a result the tour was cancelled. <mask> played for the Rest v England in the Final Trial at Twickenham on 3 January 1987 he was then selected for the England 'B' side to play against France 'B' at Welford Road Leicester, on 3 March 1989. Northern Division
Together with Sale FC & England 'B' No 8 Andy McFarlane these two players played for the Northern Division for nine years, making their débuts together against the South West Division at Waterloo R.F.C. on 6 December 1986. The North won the Divisional Title in 1986, 1987 and 1992 they were runners up to London Division in 1989 & 1990.Later that year on 19 October 1988 <mask> played for Northern Division on the winning side against Nick Farr-Jones Australian Wallabies 21–9 at Cross Green Otley. Then on 19 December 1989 against the USSR at Aspatria RUFC. <mask> played against Namibia in Windhoek in August 1992 as part of the preparations for the forthcoming Springbok tour of England. He played against Wales 'A' at Pontypool RFC on 14 October 1992, prior to playing against Naas Botha's South African Springboks at Elland Road Leeds on 10 November 1992. (This was the first Springbok tour after the Apartheid era.) With the Northern Division <mask> played against Toulon and US Colomiers in August 1993 at Bort-les-Orgues and eighteen months later against Northern Transvaal (now the Blue Bulls) at Loftus Versfeld and against Namibia again at the National Rugby Stadium in Windhoek, in summer 1995. With the Northern Division he toured Zimbabwe & Namibia in 1992, France in 1993 and South Africa & Namibia in 1995.Working in Natal
During the 1980s, <mask> worked with Zulu civilians to rebuild infrastructure destroyed by local clashes between the African National Congress and the Inkatha Freedom Party in South Africa's black townships. On one occasion, <mask> witnessed a necklacing at KwaMashu. <mask> worked firstly in the African townships outside Durban, at KwaMashu in the workers hostels in 'A' section and later 'L' section, and later rebuilding school security fences. Also at Ntuzuma & Umlazi and the locations at Imbali fifteen miles from Pietermaritzburg and Osizweni outside Newcastle, Natal. <mask> also worked in the Indian townships at Chatsworth & Phoenix outside Durban. Genealogical information
<mask> is the son of the former Rugby Union prop for North Eastern Counties, Yorkshire and Bradford RFC, <mask> Jr and was the grandson of the former Bradford Northern and Great Britain Rugby league international <mask>. He is nephew to the former Bradford RFC back row forward <mask>.<mask> the footballer for Cardiff City, and baseball captain of Wales is the great uncle to <mask>. He is grandson to the former Rugby League  for Keighley RLFC Thomas Cockcroft and nephew to the former Keighley RLFC  William "Billy" Cockcroft

<mask> is the father rugby union prop for England (Under-20s) and Leicester Tigers <mask> (born ). Life after rugby

<mask> campaigned for many years for the Royal Air Force to receive official recognition for their many losses on the Keighley town cenotaph. This was finally granted on 10 November 2011 when a stone tablet designed by local artist David Ingham was unveiled by former RAF Bomber Command flight engineer Matt Holiday DFC with his friends Ian Walkden and <mask>. <mask> became involved with rugby again in 2006 as a rugby coach at Skipton RFC winning back to back promotions from Yorkshire 3 in 2006–07 and Yorkshire 2 in 2007–08, at Old Grovians RUFC the Yorkshire 4 league title in 2012–13 and Yorkshire 3 League title in 2014–15, and at Bradford & Bingley RFC the Yorkshire 1 league title in 2015–16

In May 2016 along with co Author Bill Bridge, <mask> wrote 'The Indomitable Frank Whitcombe'- How a genial giant from Cardiff became a rugby League legend in Yorkshire & Australia, published by Saint David's Press

In July 2021 with co Author Huw <mask> wrote 'The Indomitables'-The story of the 1946 Great Britain Tour to Australia and New Zealand , published by Saint David's Press

See also
 1981–82 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland
 1983 Canada rugby union tour of England
 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland
 1988 Australia rugby union tour of England, Scotland and Italy
 1992 South Africa rugby union tour of France and England
 1997 Tonga rugby union tour of Great Britain

References

 Farmer, Stuart & Hands, David "The Tigers Tale". The Official History of Leicester Football Club 1880–1993
 McIntosh, Ian "Mac The Face of Rugby" Don Nelson Publishers, South Africa
 Humphrey, Egaire 1981–82 Australia Rugby Union Tour of Britain And Ireland
 Sweet, Reg "Natal 100 Centenary of Natal Rugby Union"
 Soul, David with Douglas, Derek "Heart and Sole" An Autobiography
 Moore, Brian with Jones, Stephen " The autobiography Brian Moore"
 Moore, Brian "Beware of the Dog: Rugby's Hard Man Reveals All"
 Mace, John "The History of Royal Air Force Rugby 1919–1999"
 Roy, Neil & Beard, Phil "125 years of the Blues : The History of the Bedford Blues, 1886–2011"
 The Whitcombe Family Archive

External links

1961 births
Living people
20th-century Royal Air Force personnel
Bedford Blues players
Combined Services rugby union players
Crawshays RFC players
English historians
English rugby union coaches
English rugby union players
English sportswriters
Leeds Tykes players
Leicester Tigers players
North of England Rugby Union team
People educated at Bingley Grammar School
Royal Air Force airmen
Royal Air Force Physical Training instructors
Royal Air Force rugby union players
Rugby union players from Keighley
Rugby union props
Sale Sharks players
Sharks (Currie Cup) players
Yorkshire County RFU players

masks:
Martin Alun Whitcombe
Martin Whitcombe
Frank Whitcombe Jr
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Martin
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
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Frank Whitcombe
Brian Whitcombe
George Whitcombe
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<mask> (born December 23, 1953), nicknamed "The Sage," is a former major league manager. He previously managed the Chicago White Sox from 1998 to 2003 and the New York Mets from the middle of 2008 to 2010 and played in the majors for parts of five seasons in the 1970s and early 1980s. He now works as an analyst for MLB Network. He is the father of fashion designer <mask>, founder of the streetwear label Fear of God. Playing career
<mask> played sparingly in the major leagues from 1975 to 1982, mostly as a second baseman. He accumulated only 127 at bats and a .150 batting average with three home runs and 13 RBIs in 96 games. Although his major league playing career was brief, <mask> was the starting second baseman for the Montréal Expos in their only postseason series victory in 1981.He was 1-for-14 (.071) in the series and was replaced by Rodney Scott in the NLCS. Other than Montréal, <mask> played for the Detroit Tigers and the San Diego Padres  and ultimately retired in 1984. In 1972, <mask> and Mike Ondina became the first pair of high school teammates to be drafted in the first round of a Major League draft. Both attended Cordova High School in Rancho Cordova, California. <mask> played just under 100 games. Coaching and managerial career
<mask> held a variety of coaching positions over the next six years. He was originally hired by the Chicago White Sox in 1985 to scout Northern California.He left the White Sox the following year to join the Montréal Expos organization, a team with which he would remain associated for the next 11 years. In 1986, <mask> joined the Expos' Triple-A affiliate, the Indianapolis Indians of the American Association, as a player/coach. <mask> spent the next three years as the Expos' roving infield instructor (1987) and their minor league field coordinator (1988–89). In 1990, <mask> became a manager for the first time as he was named the manager of the Southern League's Jacksonville Expos, the Expos' Double-A affiliate. He led the team to an 84–60 record and was named the league's manager of the year. 1991–2003
Following a successful season at Double-A, <mask> was elevated to Triple-A to manage the Indianapolis Indians for the 1991 season. Midway through the campaign, he was brought up to Montréal to serve as the third base coach for the Expos, ending a minor league managing career in which <mask> compiled a 112–82 record.He remained the Expos' third base coach through the 1996 season. In 1997, he moved on to the Florida Marlins, where he became a bench coach under Jim Leyland. The team went on to win the 1997 World Series. Days after the World Series victory, <mask>'s father, <mask>, died. Over one month later, in December, <mask> signed a multi-year deal to manage the Chicago White Sox. Over the next six seasons, he amassed 500 wins and led the Sox to 95 in 2000 alone. In that season, <mask> guided the White Sox to a first-place finish in the American League's Central Division and was named the American League's Manager of the Year.Following the 2003 season, <mask> was replaced as White Sox manager by Ozzie Guillén. His 2003 Topps baseball card reads:
"<mask> has a philosophical air about him that makes him a sage influence and respected leader on his teams. After six seasons directing the White Sox fortunes, he's risen to fourth on the franchise's managerial wins list. Formerly, he was a pro player for 15 years and 12-year coach/Minor League manager. <mask> and Ken Williams form the first African-American GM/manager tandem in MLB history." New York Mets (2005–2010)

Coach

After departing the White Sox, <mask> joined the New York Mets organization in 2005 as the first base and outfield coach under new manager Willie Randolph. <mask> became Randolph's bench coach in 2006, a position he remained in until 2008.Ever since he was fired by the White Sox, <mask> wanted to manage again. In February 2007, he announced a contingency plan as he was introduced as the man who would lead the formation of a baseball program at William Jessup University, an NAIA school in Rocklin, California. He said he would manage the team when it started in 2009 if he did not get another managing job. Manager
On June 17, 2008, Willie Randolph, pitching coach Rick Peterson, and first base coach Tom Nieto were fired by the Mets. Omar Minaya announced <mask> as the interim manager, while Ken Oberkfell, Dan Warthen, and Luis Aguayo were brought up from the New Orleans Zephyrs (the then-Mets' Triple-A affiliate) to fill the remaining coaching vacancies. In 2008, the Mets were unable to hold a division lead, and ultimately the Philadelphia Phillies clinched the division on September 27. The Mets were then eliminated from the National League Wild Card berth the following day when the team lost to the Florida Marlins 4–2 in the final game at Shea Stadium.On October 3, 2008, <mask> agreed to a two-year deal to remain the Mets manager. The deal included a club option for a third year. On October 4, 2010, the Mets announced that both <mask> and general manager Omar Minaya would not return for the 2011 season. Managerial record

Post-MLB career
After leaving Major League Baseball, <mask> went back to his home in the Sacramento area and started the <mask> Foundation to "Educate African American young men with charter school standards and train them in the fundamentals of baseball." On January 16, 2014, it was announced that <mask> would be brought on as the Director of Baseball Operations at William Jessup University in Rocklin, California. References

Further reading

External links

 <mask> at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)

1953 births
Living people
People from Hahira, Georgia
People from Rancho Cordova, California
African-American baseball coaches
African-American baseball managers
African-American baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball coaches from Georgia (U.S. state)
Baseball players from California
Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Bristol Tigers players
Chicago White Sox managers
Chicago White Sox scouts
Denver Bears players
Denver Zephyrs players
Detroit Tigers players
Evansville Triplets players
Florida Marlins coaches
Hawaii Islanders players
Indianapolis Indians managers
Indianapolis Indians players
Iowa Cubs players
Lakeland Tigers players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball bench coaches
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball third base coaches
Manager of the Year Award winners
MLB Network personalities
Montreal Expos coaches
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets coaches
New York Mets managers
San Diego Padres players
St. Lucie Legends players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Wichita Aeros players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Jerry Manuel
Jerry Lorenzo
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Lorenzo Manuel
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<mask> (February 13, 1914 – October 5, 1999) was an American attorney and Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court. Early life and education
Born in St. Helena, California, <mask> graduated from Germantown High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended the University of Pennsylvania his freshman year but transferred to Stanford University, where he earned an A.B. with distinction in political science in 1935 and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. He then went on to earn his LL.B. from Stanford Law School in 1938. After being admitted to the California State Bar in 1938, <mask> entered private practice in Oroville sharing office space with retired Butte County Judge Hirman Gregory.Military service
During World War II, <mask> entered the U.S. Army, serving from 1942 to 1945 in Europe. He trained at Camp Ritchie in its Military Intelligence Training Center and is considered one of the Ritchie Boys. In 1944, <mask>, a second lieutenant in Army Intelligence, was assigned to the top secret Ultra Project at Bletchley Park (north of London), where he learned that British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was scheduled to address the British Parliament on the status of the war effort in the Balkans. Wearing his US Army uniform and using identification papers from the U.S. Embassy, <mask> talked his way through multiple layers of security and was escorted to a seat in the Distinguished Visitors Gallery next to the Archbishop of Canterbury. By the end of the war, he was a First Lieutenant and had been awarded two service stars. Judicial career

Upon returning to California, <mask> resumed the private practice of law but moved to Sacramento, where he also taught at the McGeorge School of Law from 1946 to 1952. In 1962, he was president of the Sacramento County Bar Association.In 1970, Governor Ronald Reagan appointed <mask> as Sacramento County Superior Court's presiding judge. In October 1971, Governor Reagan appointed <mask> Presiding Justice of the California Third District Court of Appeal. <mask> vacated that post when Reagan appointed him as an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court in 1974. Reagan had wanted to name <mask> Chief Justice of California that year, but Chief Justice Donald Wright refused to retire because he was "frightened" of the prospect of <mask> as Chief Justice. In November 1978, <mask> stood for reelection and was retained. While on the Court, <mask> wrote 212 dissenting opinions and 182 majority opinions. Among his 182 majority opinions, <mask> wrote the Court's opinions in Daly v. General Motors Corp. (1978) 20 Cal.3d 725, applying comparative fault principles to actions brought in strict product liability; Amador Valley Joint Union High School District v. State Board of Equalization (1978) 22 Cal.3d 208, upholding Proposition 13, the initiative that changed California's property taxation system; Agins v. City of Tiburon (1979) 24 Cal.3d 266, denying the constitutional remedy of just compensations to Property owners alleging uncompensated regulatory takings of their land (overruled by the U.S. Supreme Court in First English etc.Church v. County of Los Angeles (1987) 482 U.S. 304),  People v. Scott (1978) 21 Cal.3d 284, outlining the outer limits of searches and seizures of physical evidence from criminal defendants; and Brosnahan v. Eu (1982) 31 Cal.3d 1, upholding Proposition 8, the Victims' Bill of Rights initiative. In 1979 and 1980, he wrote two bellwether opinions reaffirming the constitutionality of California's death penalty law: People v. Frierson and People v. Jackson (1980); <mask>'s opinions helped guide the liberal court toward a judicial acceptance of the death penalty. Of <mask>'s dissenting opinions, many served as models for majority decisions in later years of both the United States Supreme Court and the California Supreme Court. One example of how <mask> was belatedly vindicated is his dissenting opinion in Royal Globe Ins. Co. v. Superior Court, 23 Cal. 3d 880 (1979), in which he articulated a conservative, strict constructionist theory of statutory interpretation with regard to the question of when a court could find an implied cause of action to enforce a statute. <mask> reasoned that the courts should not imply a private right to sue simply because the Legislature had declared certain acts by insurers to constitute unfair claims handling; in his view, the more rational approach was that the Legislature's silence on the issue meant it had no intent to create such a right, and in turn, the courts must defer to that decision.He attacked the majority opinion (signed by Stanley Mosk) for judicial activism in making it much easier to sue insurance companies. In 1987, the Court suddenly shifted from a liberal to a conservative majority when the electorate voted to eject Chief Justice Rose Bird and two Associate Justices. In 1988, newly elevated Chief Justice Malcolm M. Lucas wrote a majority opinion in Moradi-Shalal v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Companies, 46 Cal. 3d 287 (1988) that overruled Royal Globe, restored the status quo ante (thereby making it much harder again to sue insurance companies), and adopted the rule articulated by <mask> in his Royal Globe dissent. Justice Mosk filed a dissenting opinion attacking the majority for "exalt[ing] principal over principle." Finally, in 2010, Associate Justice Ming Chin held for a unanimous court that <mask>'s theory, as initially adopted in the context of insurance in Moradi-Shalal, was to retroactively apply to all California statutes, including California Labor Code section 351 (which merely declares that tips are the property of employees but does not create an express right to sue employers for seizing them):

<mask> unsuccessfully attempted to convince his fellow justices to move the Supreme Court from its traditional headquarters in San Francisco to Sacramento, the state's capital city.In March 1983, <mask> and his wife attended a dinner given in honor of a visit by Queen Elizabeth II to San Francisco. Post-judicial career
<mask> retired from the Court on December 2, 1983. Upon leaving the court, he served as a Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Pepperdine University School of Law in the Spring 1984 semester. Then, President Reagan appointed <mask> as Solicitor to the U.S. Department of the Interior, which was headed at the time by fellow former California Supreme Court Justice William Clark. <mask> left the post in 1985 and became a Nixon Fellow at the Whittier Law School that year. <mask> died at his Sacramento home of complications from Parkinson's disease on October 5, 1999. Personal life
While working as an usher at the local Methodist church, <mask> met <mask>, whom he would marry on January 23, 1943.Their marriage would produce four sons and last for 56 years until <mask>'s death in 1999. References

External links
 <mask>. Ricardson. California Supreme Court Historical Society. Biography. California Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District. Photo of <mask><mask> at his swearing in ceremony. December 1974.California Supreme Court Historical Society Newsletter (Spring-Summer 2013), p. 21. Court opinions by <mask><mask>. Courtlistener.com. Past & Present Justices. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017. See also
 List of justices of the Supreme Court of California

1914 births
1999 deaths
Stanford University alumni
Stanford Law School alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
Judges of the California Courts of Appeal
Justices of the Supreme Court of California
Pepperdine University faculty
Whittier College faculty
California judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
California Republicans
People from St. Helena, California
People from Oroville, California
Neurological disease deaths in California
Deaths from Parkinson's disease

masks:
Frank Kellogg Richardson
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Justice Richardson
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Betty Kingdon
Frank Richardson
Frank K
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<mask> (born 21 October 1984) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger, left-back, or central midfielder. <mask> began his career as a trainee at West Ham United, going on to play senior football at Manchester United, Sunderland, Fulham, Aston Villa and Cardiff City. He was capped eight times for England, scoring twice. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born in Greenwich, London and was schooled at the private and non-selective Riverston School in Lee, London. Growing up he would watch Arsenal with his father Clyde who was a season ticket holder. He began playing football at Parkwood Primary School and his talent was very apparent at this young age, he was made captain of his school team and was invited to train with Arsenal. He then moved to West Ham United where he would begin training professionally.However, before he made his debut for the Londoners, he was signed by Manchester United in 2001. Manchester United
During his first season at Manchester United, <mask> established his place as a regular on United's reserve team. He was given squad number 42 for the first team, but he failed to make his debut with them. He made his first appearance for Manchester United on 23 October 2002 when coming on as a late substitute in a match against Olympiacos in the UEFA Champions League. He then scored his first goal for United in the League Cup on 5 November 2002 against Leicester City. <mask> enjoyed his first breakthrough during the 2002–03 season appearing nine times and scoring a goal for the first team. He also played a role in Manchester United's youth team's win of the 2003 FA Youth Cup.At the start 2003–04, he was given squad number 23 and only appeared three times, all of them in League Cup and FA Cup. During 2004–05, he started to become more involved with the first team. He had already made nine appearances and scored one goal during the first half of the season. However, during the January transfer window, Alex Ferguson decided to loan him out in order for him to gain more first team experience. <mask> was linked with a loan move to Norwich City, but Ferguson said there was no chance as other players had gone on loan. Former Manchester United captain Bryan Robson, manager of West Bromwich Albion, enquired about loaning <mask>, the deal was done straight away. Under Robson, <mask> made an instant impact on West Brom's quest to escape relegation.He was a regular in West Brom's first eleven, playing in central midfield. He scored three goals from 12 appearances as West Bromwich successfully avoided relegation, despite starting the final day of the season on the bottom of the table. At the start 2005–06, <mask> declined a further loan spell at West Brom in an attempt to win a regular place at Old Trafford. He made his break in Manchester United's first eleven in September 2005, when he appeared as an emergency left back, in place of the injured Gabriel Heinze. He soon returned to midfield however, where he made several good performances. In October 2005, <mask> celebrated his 21st birthday by signing a new four-year contract with United. He went on to appear 36 times and score six goals that season.In 2006–07, <mask>'s chances to establish himself in the first team were limited, mainly playing in the League Cup and the FA Cup. However, <mask> felt Alex Ferguson's wrath as the youngster shouldered some of the blame for United's below-par performance against Crewe Alexandra in the League Cup. Ferguson publicly declared that <mask> and others would benefit from spending some time in United's reserve team. He scored one of United's goals in the 4–1 FA Cup semi-final win over Watford, that put them into the final at the new Wembley Stadium. Sunderland

On 16 July 2007, <mask> joined Sunderland for an undisclosed fee, reported to be in the region of £5.5 million. He signed a four-year contract with Sunderland, under the management of his former United captain Roy Keane. After an indifferent start, it was discovered that he had a stress fracture of the spine.This led to him being out of action for almost four months. He scored his first goal for Sunderland on 29 December 2007 against Bolton Wanderers. <mask> scored two goals in the 2–0 win against Portsmouth at the Stadium of Light on 13 January 2008, also striking the bar to miss out on his hat-trick. Since then he suffered a hamstring injury in training then this injury recurred in Sunderland's 3–0 defeat to Liverpool at Anfield. On 23 August 2008, <mask> scored against Tottenham Hotspur in the 56th minute, in a 2–1 win at White Hart Lane. <mask> took a free kick that hit the post three times at Fulham on 18 October, and later had another free kick disallowed as Pascal Chimbonda was adjudged to be pushing in the wall. On 25 October 2008, <mask> scored the winning goal in the Tyne–Wear derby, with a free kick.<mask> attracted interest from Bolton Wanderers in the 2009 January transfer window, but manager Ricky Sbragia insisted that he was not for sale. <mask> scored his first goal of 2009–10 with an equaliser against West Ham United, which ended 2–2. <mask> was used in several positions throughout the season, whilst predominantly featuring in central midfield he also played at left back – his performances there led to many touting him as a surprise World Cup inclusion. In the buildup to 2010–11, <mask> committed his future to the club by signing a new three-year contract. Soon after, he became first-choice left back at the club citing Brazilian full-back Maicon as inspiration for taking up his new position, saying "I watched the World Cup and saw the way guys like Maicon were bombing forward – and I thought "I can do that". He opened his scoring account for the season on 22 January away to Blackpool scoring two goals in the first half. After deploying him in an attacking role, Sunderland manager Steve Bruce hailed <mask>'s versatility saying "I must have asked him to play in five or six positions this season and certainly in that position he enjoys it, it's something he revels in".He then added "He was the outstanding player on the pitch. In the first half he was brilliant, his pace was superb." <mask> scored directly from a free kick in Sunderland's next match, a 4–2 home defeat to Chelsea. <mask> made his 100th Premier League appearance for Sunderland at home to Tottenham Hotspur on 12 February, assisting Asamoah Gyan's opener in a 2–1 defeat. <mask>'s first goal of 2011–12 came in a 2–1 defeat at Norwich. <mask> was on target again in a defeat at Wolves under caretaker manager Eric Black, following Steve Bruce's departure. In this match against Wolves on 4 December 2011, <mask> scored the opening goal, a long range shot from the left, and celebrated by removing his shirt, revealing a T-shirt with the slogan "I belong to Jesus".He was booked for removing his shirt. Sunderland went on to lose the match 2–1.Under new manager Martin O'Neill, <mask> began to make impressive progress after being shifted into his preferred left wing position, making another contribution in his team's 3–2 victory away to Queens Park Rangers on 21 December 2011 after setting up two goals from corner kicks. On 18 February 2012, he scored his first FA Cup goal for the club against Arsenal at the Stadium of Light in the fifth round in which he scored the first goal in Sunderland's 2–0 win. Fulham

On 31 August 2012, <mask> signed for Fulham from Sunderland for an undisclosed fee, reported to be approximately £2 million. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–2 draw against Southampton on 7 October. Aston Villa

On 11 July 2014, <mask> signed for Aston Villa on a two-year contract and was reunited with his former manager at Sunderland, Roy Keane, who was Villa's assistant manager at the time. He made his debut in a 1–0 victory against Stoke.<mask> got his first assist in a 2–1 victory against Hull City at Villa Park, sliding in a low cross which Andreas Weimann slotted home from 10 yards. <mask> received a straight red card on 13 December 2014 for a late challenge on Stéphane Sessègnon during a 1–0 away defeat to West Brom. After Villa's relegation from the Premier League, on 10 June 2016, it was announced that <mask> would leave Villa on the expiry of his contract. Later career
On 12 October 2016, <mask> joined Championship club Cardiff City on a contract until January 2017. On 29 December 2016, <mask> was released from his contract. On 12 April 2017, <mask> joined La Liga club Granada CF on trial with a view to contract until the end of 2016–17. International career
During his stay at West Brom, he won his first cap for the England under-21 team on 8 February 2005 in a friendly match against the Netherlands.After a series of convincing performances for West Brom, he won a late call-up for England's trip to the United States at the end of 2004–05. He started the match against the United States and scored twice on his England debut, including one directly from a free kick. He earned praise from England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson, who described <mask>'s debut as "fantastic". He also appeared as a substitute on England's second match in the United States against Colombia. After earning senior caps, <mask> also returned to the under-21 squad, playing in both legs of the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification play-off against France, which they lost 3–2 on aggregate. The decisive goal came in the 85th minute of the second leg, when <mask> brought down Lassana Diarra in the box and the resulting penalty was converted. He then made two further substitute appearances during England's World Cup qualifiers against Wales in Cardiff and Austria at Old Trafford.The latter was his home England debut. However, he was not selected by Sven-Göran Eriksson in England's 2006 World Cup squad. In 2006–07, he continued to be selected by newly appointed England manager Steve McClaren and made several substitute appearances. He went on to make further appearances for the England U21 squad, for whom he was eligible to play until the end of the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, where he made three appearances. However, he has neither started nor scored for the England senior team since his debut. Personal life
<mask> is married to Natalie with whom he has two daughters, and who was the catalyst for him becoming a born again Christian. In 2007 he said, "I just want to praise Jesus Christ and go to heaven.That's all I care about". Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
As of match played 15 November 2006. England score listed first, score column indicates score after each <mask> goal. Honours
Manchester United Youth
FA Youth Cup: 2002–03

Manchester United
Premier League: 2006–07
Football League Cup: 2005–06
FA Community Shield: 2003

Aston Villa
FA Cup runner-up: 2014–15

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Greenwich
English footballers
England under-21 international footballers
England international footballers
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Association football wingers
West Ham United F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C.players
Fulham F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Black British sportspeople
English Christians

masks:
Kieran Edward Richardson
Richardson
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Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
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<mask>gen (born 18 February 1990) is a South African former rugby union player that played as a fly-half throughout his career. He represented  in the domestic Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup competitions between 2010 and 2014 and the  in Super Rugby from 2011 to 2013. He also played for the  in 2014 and 2015. He retired after the 2015 season, aged 25. Rugby career

Youth

Van Aswegen was included in a number of youth sides for local province side the  while playing rugby for Hoërskool Standerton. He represented them at the 2006 Under-16 Grant Khomo Week tournament, the 2007 Under-18 Academy Week tournament and the 2008 Under-18 Craven Week tournament. He was named Player of the Day on the second matchday of the competition after scoring a kick in the final minute of their match against  to secure a 19–17 victory for the team from Mpumalanga.He was then named in the northern Under–18 Elite squad after the tournament. In 2009, Van Aswegen moved to Cape Town to join . He played for the  side during the 2009 Under-19 Provincial Championship and earned an inclusion in the South African Under-20 side that played their Argentinean counterparts in 2010. He also joined a training for the South African Under-20s prior to the 2010 IRB Junior World Championship, but failed to make the final squad. Van Aswegen started in thirteen matches for the  side during the 2010 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 207 points and easily finishing as the top scorer in the competition, 41 points ahead of second-placed Marnitz Boshoff of the . He was also largely responsible for Western Province winning the competition, scoring 23 points in their 43–32 victory over the Blue Bulls at . Western Province / Stormers

In addition to his points-scoring exploits for the Under-21 side, Van Aswegen also made his first class debut in September 2010.He came on as a substitute in 's 2010 Currie Cup Premier Division match away to his former side, the  and scored three conversions in the match, the first a mere two minutes after coming on. He made his home debut against , once again coming on as a second-half substitute and scoring one conversion. In 2011, with just the two first class games under his belt, Van Aswegen also earned his inclusion in the  squad for the 2011 Super Rugby season. With first-choice fly-half Peter Grant only recently having returned from playing Top League rugby with Kobelco Steelers, coach Allister Coetzee decided to start Van Aswegen in the Stormers' opening match of the season against the . Van Aswegen kicked three penalties before being replaced by Grant just after the hour mark as the Stormers ran out 19–16 winners. He played off the bench the following week against the  in a 21–15 victory, but he was mainly an unused substitute for the next few weeks and even dropped down to 's Vodacom Cup squad for their match against . He made one more Super Rugby appearance in 2011, starting their return match against the  in Johannesburg and scoring an early penalty before suffering a medial knee injury in the 13th minute, which ruled him out of the remainder of the competition.Van Aswegen returned from his knee injury during the 2011 Currie Cup Premier Division competition to start their match against , scoring sixteen points in a 26–26 draw, but was once again forced to limp off in the final minute of the match. He once again suffered a tear in the same ligament as before, ruling him out of rugby for the remainder of 2011. Van Aswegen recovered in time for the start of the 2012 Super Rugby season and started the first two matches of the campaign with Peter Grant once again only returning from Japan shortly before the start of the season. He faced his first international side in Super Rugby with the visit of the  on the opening day and contributed one drop goal in a 39–26 win, with Joe Pietersen having taken over the main kicking duties. The second match was against Durban-based side the , with the Stormers securing a narrow 15–12 win. One more appearance off the bench followed in their match against the , but the injury curse struck again, with an ankle injury picked up during training ruling Van Aswegen out for the remainder of the season. He returned in August 2012 to play in one match in the 2012 Currie Cup Premier Division competition against the  before playing some club rugby for  in the Western Province Super League to regain some match fitness.After one more Currie Cup appearance against , yet another knee injury ended his 2012 campaign. In 2013, Van Aswegen put his injury problems behind him and, after playing three matches in the 2013 Vodacom Cup competition and scoring 27 points, he joined up with the  side once more. He made nine appearances during the 2013 Super Rugby season, contributing 15 points with the boot. A further four appearances followed during the 2013 Currie Cup Premier Division competition, with Van Aswegen scoring 22 points before another knee injury saw him miss the rest of the season. At the start of the 2014 Super Rugby season, Van Aswegen found him behind Peter Grant, Demetri Catrakilis and Kurt Coleman in the pecking order at the . While being included in their squad, he dropped down to the Vodacom Cup squad for the 2014 Vodacom Cup. He started seven out of their eight matches in the competition, contributing 38 points.He also scored his first ever first class try in their match against Western Cape neighbours, the . In June 2014, he was part of a Western Province side that played matches against  and , captaining them in the latter match. Eastern Province Kings

In June 2014, the  announced that Van Aswegen would join them on a one-month trial prior to the 2014 Currie Cup Premier Division competition. He successfully concluded the trial and signed a deal with the Port Elizabeth-based side until 2016. Van Aswegen started eight matches for the Eastern Province Kings during the 2014 Currie Cup. He made his debut for his new side against his former side, Western Province, in a 16–35 defeat. He scored his first points for them in their next match, a 19–60 defeat to the , and also contributed 6 points in their final match of the season, a 26–25 win over the  after nine successive defeat earlier in the competition.He finished the season with 30 points, the second-highest by an Eastern Province Kings player behind <mask> Breda and sixteenth overall. Van Aswegen played in three matches during the 2015 Vodacom Cup – scoring in each of those three matches for a total of 10 points – before he once again suffered a recurrence of his knee injury in their match against the . The injury ruled him out of the remainder of the 2015 Vodacom Cup competition, plus the entire 2015 Currie Cup Premier Division. Retirement

Despite linked with a move to Kimberley-based outfit the  for the 2016, Van Aswegen announced his retirement. He suffered a series of knee injuries during his career, which saw him undergo six knee operations, prior to his retirement from rugby, which saw him take up other business interests. Statistics

External links

References

Living people
1990 births
South African rugby union players
Stormers players
Western Province (rugby union) players
Rugby union fly-halves
Sportspeople from Pretoria
White South African people

masks:
Gary Jacques van Aswe
Scott van