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 his second ODI century.He continued this great form in the third ODI scoring 65 off 73 balls in a losing effort. In the fourth ODI, he scored yet another half-century scoring 50 off 56 balls in another losing effort. In the final ODI, he finally scored his second and well-deserved ODI century, scoring 112 off 128 balls finishing the series with 383 runs overall and the series highest run-scorer. In the T20 series <mask> scored 27 in the first game which England lost, before making a score of 16 in England's final match before the T20 World Cup, in which England were comprehensively beaten by nine wickets. 2016 T20 World Cup

<mask> made a score of 28 in England's opening game defeat against the West Indies, before making 17 in a historic run chase against South Africa. After missing the third game against Afghanistan through injury, Hales returned for the crucial game against Sri Lanka, and although he was out for a duck, England won the game. He made 20 in the semi-final against New Zealand as England booked their place in the final, but he was out for just one against the West Indies as England finished as runners-up.2016 Sri Lanka

Hales retained his place in the test team for the Sri Lanka series, but after much debate by the selectors. He repaid their faith in the first test at Headingley by scoring 86, and sharing a century partnership with Jonny Bairstow when England were in trouble. England went on to win the match by an innings and 88 runs. In the first innings of the second test he again gave himself a good start of 83, but failed to reach his first Test century. He was out for just eleven in the second innings as England secured a nine wicket victory. In the third and final test at Lord's, Hales scored just 18 runs in the first innings, but made a brilliant 94 in the second innings, and was dismissed lbw by Angelo Mathews just six runs short of a place on the honours board. The third match ended in a draw, with England winning the series 2–0.<mask> made just 4 in the first ODI against Sri Lanka, as the match ended in a tie, with both teams posting 286. In the second match he made 133 not out and was involved in a record breaking partnership with Jason Roy as England won by ten wickets after reaching 256/0. In the third match he was out for a duck in a rain affected match, and did not bat in the fourth match which England won, due to injury. The injury ruled him out of the final match of the series, which England won to take the series 3–0. 2016 Pakistan
Hales was out for six in the first innings in the first Test against Pakistan, and then made 16 in the second innings as England lost by 75 runs. England won the second Test, although Hales only scored 34 runs in the match. After scoring 17 in the first innings of the third Test, Hales scored 54 in the second innings to help England turn the game around and win by 141 runs.<mask> again struggled in the final Test, scoring just six in England's first innings as they were dismissed for 328 and just 12 in the second innings, as England suffered a ten-wicket defeat and drew the series, 2–2. Hales made scores of seven and 14 in the first two ODIs as England went 2-0 up in the series. In the third ODI Hales achieved the highest ever individual ODI score posting 171 during the third ODI against Pakistan on his home soil at Trent Bridge. The record was previously held by Robin Smith for 23 years. Hales' ton helped England achieve the highest ever team ODI score in the same game with England posting 444–3, bettering the previous record of 443 by Sri Lanka back in 2006 against the Dutch at Amstelveen. England won the match by 169 runs as well to seal the series. In the fourth ODI Hales made eight as England chased down Pakistan's target of 248 to go 4–0 up in the series.In the final match, Hales could only manage 23 as England lost their first game of the series, with it finishing 4–1. <mask> top-scored for England with 37 in the only T20I between the two sides, but England lost by nine wickets. 2017 India
After missing the series against Bangladesh due to safety concerns, Hales played in the first ODI against India and made nine in England's total of 350 runs, although England lost by three wickets. In the second ODI he made 14 as England lost by 15 runs. Injury ruled Hales out of the rest of the series. 2017 West Indies
Hales missed the first two matches against the West Indies through injury, but returned in the final game, making 110 as England made 328 and won by 186 runs. 2017 Ireland
Hales scored 55 from 47 balls in the 1st ODI in a modest chase of 127 which England accomplished in 20 overs and made 32 of 35 balls in the 2nd ODI which England also won by 8 runs.2017 South Africa
Hales started well in the ODI series with 61 off 60 balls in a 72 run for England in the 1st ODI, however, he could only make 24 off 28 balls in the next match and would follow it up with a 2-ball 1 in the 3rd ODI where England were bundled out for a poor 153. He made 47 off 38 balls in the first T20 and then was not in the squad for the 2nd T20, although he came back for the 3rd T20 where he scored 36 from 28 balls. 2017 Champions Trophy
He started off the tournament sublimely with a blazing 86-ball 95, although missing out on a hundred, his good form continued with 56 from 62 balls against New Zealand, however, he was bowled for a duck in the last group stage encounter against Australia and could only make 11 against Pakistan in the semi final which England lost. 2019 Cricket World Cup
In April 2019, he was named in England's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. However, two days after the England squad was named, Hales made himself unavailable for Nottinghamshire's fixture against Lancashire in the 2019 Royal London One-Day Cup citing "personal reasons". Nottinghamshire posted a statement on their website stating that no timetable had been made for his return to cricket. On 26 April 2019, it was confirmed that Hales had failed a drugs test for use of a recreational drug, and had been banned for 21 days.On 29 April 2019, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) announced that Hales had been dropped from England's preliminary World Cup squad and all England squads ahead of the international season. Hales has not been called up for England since this incident, with England captain Eoin Morgan stating that Hales had lost the trust of the team. Domestic T20 Leagues

Indian Premier League
On 14 March 2015, Hales signed for Mumbai Indians for the final match of the regular season and the knockout stages replacing injured Corey Anderson. However, he ended his short stint without making a single appearance for the side. After going unsold in the 2018 IPL auction, on 31 March 2018, it was announced that Hales would join Sunrisers Hyderabad for the 2018 season replacing David Warner. Hales made his IPL debut against Rajasthan Royals on 29 April 2018 and scored 45. Hales again went unsold in the 2021 IPL auction.In February 2022, he was bought by the Kolkata Knight Riders in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. Big Bash League

Hales has played for Melbourne Renegades, Adelaide Strikers, Hobart Hurricanes, and Sydney Thunder. Playing for Sydney Thunder, Hales finished as top scorer in the 2020–21 Big Bash League season. Other leagues
Hales was picked by Islamabad United in 2018 Pakistan Super League Draft. On 1 December 2018, Hales hit a record 87 not out off just 32 balls playing for Maratha Arabians. On 25 January 2019 <mask> struck his first BPL century off 47 balls for the Rangpur Riders

In September 2019, he was named in the squad for the Durban Heat team for the 2019 Mzansi Super League tournament. In July 2020, he was named in the Barbados Tridents squad for the 2020 Caribbean Premier League.In December 2021, he was signed by Islamabad United following the players' draft for the 2022 Pakistan Super League. On 15 February 2022, he pulled out of PSL due to bubble fatigue. He made a surprise return to PSL ahead of the Islamabad United's first eliminator playoff game against Peshawar Zalmi. Controversy
In September 2017, Hales, along with teammate Ben Stokes, was charged with bringing the game into disrepute by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). The charge related to an incident that took place outside a Bristol nightclub, in September 2017, several hours after England had played a one-day international against the West Indies at the County Ground in the city. Stokes was charged with affray over the incident by police and the ECB deferred its disciplinary hearing until the legal proceedings had finished. In December 2018, the Cricket Disciplinary Commission reached a verdict in response to Hales's behaviour in Bristol and in relation to "inappropriate images".The Commission banned Hales for six white-ball matches, two of which had been served and the remaining four were suspended. Hales was also fined £17,500, £10,000 of which was suspended for 12 months. Hales was also required to undertake "appropriate training" at his own cost. In April 2019, Hales tested positive for a recreational drug as he underwent a hair follicle test. According to a report published by the Guardian, Hales was subjected to a ban by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) for 21 days as it was his second violation along with his removal from England's squad in the 2019 Cricket World Cup and all squads ahead of the international season. Hales's ban followed him pulling out of Nottinghamshire's Royal London One Day Cup campaign due to "personal reasons". References

External links

<mask>s interview with LeftLion Magazine

1989 births
Living people
People from Hillingdon
English cricketers
Nottinghamshire cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
Buckinghamshire cricketers
England Test cricketers
England One Day International cricketers
England Twenty20 International cricketers
Melbourne Renegades cricketers
Adelaide Strikers cricketers
Hobart Hurricanes cricketers
Mumbai Indians cricketers
Islamabad United cricketers
Sunrisers Hyderabad cricketers
Rangpur Rangers cricketers
Barbados Tridents cricketers
Durban Heat cricketers
Sydney Thunder cricketers
Karachi Kings cricketers
Trent Rockets cricketers
Cricketers at the 2015 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World

masks:
Hales
Hales
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Alex
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<mask> (1 March 1917 – 12 February 1984) was an English art restorer and famous art forger who claimed to have faked more than 2,000 paintings by over 100 different artists. The total estimated of the profits of his forgeries amount to more than 10 million dollars in today's value. Early life
<mask> was born in Lewisham, London, into a poor family. His father worked as a house painter, and barely made enough to feed the household. At the age of fourteen, <mask> was turned away from St. Dunstan’s College in London. Because his father barely made ends meet, <mask> started working at a young age. He worked as a delivery boy, a lather boy, a lift boy and a bell boy before he started working for the family business as a house painter.He was then enlisted as a boiler-stoker in World War II. After World War II, he was admitted into the art programme at Goldsmith's College, University of London. However, he did not receive a diploma, as he dropped out after only two years. In his college classes, his painting technique was praised, while his originality was regarded as insufficient. During <mask>'s two years at Goldsmith's College, he worked side jobs for art restorers. He even worked for the revered Hahn Brothers in Mayfair. Utilizing the skills he learned through these jobs, he began to restore paintings for a living (although he also had to keep working as a house-painter to make ends meet).He exhibited his own paintings, but failed to break into the art market. In order to prove himself as good as his heroes, <mask> began painting in the style of them, especially Samuel Palmer. In 1963, he met Jane Kelly who would become his lover and partner in spreading and selling his forgeries. However, they separated many years before they were put on trial for the forgeries. He later married his wife, Hellen, from whom he also separated in his later years. They had a son named Douglas. <mask> studied at London’s National Gallery and the Tate.Mid-life
After dropping out of college, <mask> was picked up by an art restorer named Fred Roberts. Roberts cared less about the ethics of art restoration than other restorers <mask> had previously worked for. One of <mask>'s first jobs was to paint children around a maypole on a 19th-century painting by Thomas Sidney Cooper that had a large hole in it. Most art restorers would have simply filled in the cracks to preserve the authenticity of the painting. His career of forgery stemmed from Roberts' workshop when <mask> criticized a painting done by Frank Moss Bennett. Roberts challenged him to recreate one of Bennett's paintings. At first <mask> produced replicas of Bennett paintings, but he felt he could do even more.<mask> recalls feeling as if he knew so much about Bennett that he could start creating his own works and pass them off as Bennett's. <mask> created his own Bennett-like piece, and was so proud of it, that he signed it with his own name. When Roberts saw it, without consulting <mask>, he changed the signature to F. M. Bennett and consigned it to the West End gallery. <mask> did not find out until later, but said nothing. According to <mask>'s account, Jane Kelly was instrumental in circulating his forgeries in the art market. With Palmer being one of his biggest inspirations, he created nearly twenty fake Palmers. <mask> and Kelly then decided on the best three forgeries and Kelly took them to gallery specialists for auction.In 1962, <mask> counterfeited Edgar Degas' self-portrait. In 1963, he started his own informal school, teaching teenagers painting techniques in exchange for tobacco or second-hand art books. This is where <mask>, at the age of 46, met Jane Kelly, at the age of 16, a student of his. Kelly really enjoyed <mask>'s "class" and convinced her parents to pay Keating a pound/day for full-time instruction. She became especially attached to him and they ultimately became lovers and business partners. Four years later, the two began a life together in Cornwall, where they started an art restoration business. Forger with a cause
<mask> perceived the gallery system to be rotten – dominated, he said, by American "avant-garde fashion, with critics and dealers often conniving to line their own pockets at the expense both of naïve collectors and [of] impoverished artists".<mask> retaliated by creating forgeries to fool the experts, hoping to destabilize the system. <mask> considered himself a socialist and used that mentality to rationalize his actions. He planted "time-bombs" in his products. He left clues of the paintings' true nature for fellow art restorers or conservators to find. For example, he might write text onto the canvas with lead white before he began the painting, knowing that x-rays would later reveal the text. He deliberately added flaws or anachronisms, or used materials peculiar to the 20th century. Modern copyists of old masters use similar practices to guard against accusations of fraud.In <mask>'s book The Fake's Progress, discussing the famous artists he forged, he stated that "it seemed disgraceful to me how many of them died in poverty". He reasoned that the poverty he had shared with these artists qualified him for the job. He added: "I flooded the market with the 'work' of Palmer and many others, not for gain, but simply as a protest against the merchants who make capital out of those I am proud to call my brother artists, both living and dead." Technique
Mastering an artist's style and technique, as well as getting to know the artist very well, was a priority for <mask>. <mask>'s preferred approach in oil painting was a Venetian technique inspired by Titian's practice, although modified and fine-tuned along Dutch lines. The resultant paintings, while time-consuming to execute, have a richness and subtlety of colour and optical effect, and a variety of texture and depth of atmosphere unattainable in any other way. Unsurprisingly, his favourite artist was Rembrandt.For a "Rembrandt", <mask> might make pigments by boiling nuts for 10 hours and filtering the result through silk; such colouring would eventually fade, while genuine earth pigments would not. As a restorer he knew about the chemistry of cleaning-fluids; so, a layer of glycerine under the paint layer ensured that when any of his forged paintings needed to be cleaned (as all oil paintings need to be, eventually), the glycerin would dissolve, the paint layer would disintegrate, and the painting – now a ruin – would stand revealed as a fake. Occasionally, as a restorer, he would come across frames with Christie's catalogue numbers still on them. To help in establishing false provenances for his forgeries, he would call the auction house to ask whose paintings they had contained – and would then paint the pictures according to the same artist's style. <mask> also produced a number of watercolours in the style of Samuel Palmer. To create a Palmer watercolor, <mask> would mix the watercolor paints with glutinous tree gum, and cover the paintings with thick coats of varnish in order to get the right consistency and texture. And oil paintings by various European masters, including François Boucher, Edgar Degas, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Thomas Gainsborough, Amedeo Modigliani, Rembrandt, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Kees van Dongen.<mask>'s "Sexton Blakes"
Sexton blake is a term coined in the UK from the name of a fictional detective, comparable to Sherlock Holmes. In rhyming slang, the term means "fake". As usual, for a short time after its creation, a slang term has limited currency as it is known only to a few people, typically those in the criminal underworld. So <mask> initially referred to all of his forgeries as Sextons. Revealing the forger

In 1970, auctioneers noticed that there were thirteen Samuel Palmer watercolour paintings for sale – all of them depicting the same theme, the village of Shoreham, Kent. Geraldine Norman, the Times of London salesroom correspondent, looked into the 13 Palmer watercolors, sending them to be scientifically tested by a renowned specialist, Geoffrey Grigson. After careful inspection, she published an article declaring these "Palmers" to be fake.Norman was sent tips as to who forged these paintings, but it was not until Jane Kelly's brother met up with Norman and told her all about <mask>, that she found out the truth. Soon after, she drove out to the house that Kelly's brother had told her about, and met <mask>. <mask> welcomed her inside and told her all about his life as a restorer and artist, not discussing his life as a forger. He also spent much of the time ranting about his fight against the art establishment as a working-class socialist. A little over a week after their meeting, The Times published an article written by Norman, writing about his life and the many allegations of forgery against him. In response, <mask> wrote: "I do not deny these allegations. In fact, I openly confess to having done them."He also declared that money was not his incentive. Though Norman was the one to expose him, <mask> did not feel resentment towards her. Instead he said that she was sympathetic, respectful of his radical politics, and appreciative of him as an artist. When an article published in The Times discussed the auctioneer's suspicions about their provenance, <mask> confessed that they were his. He also estimated that more than 2,000 of his forgeries were in circulation. He had created them, he declared, as a protest against those art traders who get rich at the artist's expense. He also refused to list the forgeries.The trial
After <mask> and Jane Kelly were finally arrested in 1979, and both accused of conspiracy to defraud and obtaining payments through deception amounting to £21,416, Kelly pleaded guilty, promising to testify against <mask>. Conversely, <mask> pleaded innocent, on the basis that he was never intending to defraud, rather he was simply working under the masters' guidance and in their spirit. The charges were eventually dropped due to his poor health after he was severely injured in a motorcycle accident. He then contracted bronchitis in the hospital, which was exacerbated by a heart ailment and pulmonary disease, leading the doctors to believe that he was not going to survive. The prosecutor dropped the case, declaring nolle prosequi. Since Kelly had already pleaded guilty, she still had to serve her time in prison. However, <mask> served no time, and shortly after the charges were dropped, <mask>'s health improved.Soon after, <mask> was asked to star in a television show about the techniques needed to paint like the masters. Aftermath
The same year <mask> was arrested (1977), he published his autobiography with Geraldine and Frank Norman. A 2005 article in The Guardian stated that after the trial was halted, "the public warmed to him, believing him a charming old rogue." Years of chain smoking and the effects of breathing in the fumes of chemicals used in art restoring, such as ammonia, turpentine and methyl alcohol, together with the stress induced by the court case, had taken their toll. Through 1982 and 1983 <mask> rallied, however, and although in fragile health, he presented television programmes on the techniques of old masters for Channel 4 in the UK. A year before he died in Colchester at the age of 66, <mask> stated in a television interview, that, in his opinion, he was not an especially good painter. His proponents would disagree.<mask> is buried in the churchyard of the parish church of St Mary the Virgin at Dedham (a scene painted numerous times by Sir Alfred Munnings), and his last painting, The Angel of Dedham, is to be found in the Muniment Library of the church. Even when he was alive, many art collectors and celebrities, such as the ex-heavyweight boxer Henry Cooper, had begun to collect <mask>'s work. After his death, his paintings became increasingly valuable collectibles. In the year of his death, Christie's auctioned 204 of his works. The amount raised from the auction was not announced, but it is said to have been considerable. Even his known forgeries, described in catalogues as "after" Gainsborough or Cézanne, attain high prices. Nowadays, Keatings sell for tens of thousands of pounds.And perhaps even more interesting, there are fake <mask>s. The 2005 Guardian article states, "Dodgy paintings in <mask>'s original style, proudly bearing what-looks-like his signature, are finding their way into the market. If they manage to fool, they can claim £5,000 to £10,000. But if uncovered they are virtually worthless, much like <mask>'s 20 years ago. If you can pick them up for next to nothing, they may be a better investment than an original <mask> counterfeit." <mask> on Painters (television show)
After <mask>'s legal suit was dropped, he was asked to star in a television show called <mask> on Painters. The show started airing in 1982 at 6:30 p.m. on weekdays to attract a family audience.On this show, <mask> demonstrated how to paint like the masters, illustrating the techniques and processes of painting like artists, such as Titian, Rembrandt, Claude Monet, and John Constable. In popular culture
In the 2002 film The Good Thief Nick Nolte's character claims to own a painting Picasso did for him after losing a bet, when it is exposed as a fake he claims it was painted for him by <mask> after meeting in a betting shop. The fourth track, titled "Judas Unrepentant", on progressive rock band Big Big Train's 2012 album English Electric (Part One) is based on the life of <mask> as an artist. According to the blog of Big Big Train vocalist David Longdon, the song walks through <mask>'s artistic life from his time as a restorer to his death and posthumous fame. Further reading
 <mask>, Geraldine Norman and Frank Norman, The Fake's Progress: The <mask> Story, London: Hutchinson and Co., 1977. Associated Press obituary for <mask>
 Keats, Jonathon, Forged: Why Fakes Are the Great Art of Our Age, New York: Oxford University Press., 2013. (Excerpt on <mask> published by Forbes, 13 December 2012).Paci, P., "A Forger's Career, <mask> – UK," in Masters of the Swindle: True Stories of Con Men, Cheaters & Scam Artists, edited by Gianni Morelli and Chiara Schiavano, Milano, Italy: White Star Publishers, 2016, pages 180–84. References

1917 births
1984 deaths
English art forgers
People from Lewisham
House painters
Conservator-restorers
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
Painters from London
Television personalities from London
English male painters
English socialists
British military personnel of World War II

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<mask> (c. 1841 – 1882 to early 1890s), also known as Red-Handed bebito and Red Dick, was one of the best-known bandits in California history. His nickname was reportedly given due either to his red hair or his violent nature and bloodthirstiness. His given name has been variously reported as Tomaso Rodendo, <mask>, Thomas Rodundo, <mask>, <mask>, and Tomoso Bustemata. In 1872, the San Francisco Chronicle called him "one of the most fearless and daring desperadoes that has ever figured in the criminal annals of our state." He was twice convicted of cattle theft and twice served time in San Quentin prison, but was never convicted of any of the murders he was alleged to have committed. Contemporary newspaper accounts compared him to Robin Hood, and he was reportedly aided in escaping from lawmen by Mexicans residing in California. Youth

<mask> was born in Mexico, either in Sonora, or near Jose de Guadalupe.His parents were of mixed Spanish origin, and were reportedly "of roving habits". His father was a vaquero (cowboy), and <mask> was taught the same business at an early age. His mother was the older sister of the most notorious bandit in California history, Joaquin Murrieta. According to some accounts, <mask>'s father was killed by Indians in 1852, and Joaquin Murrieta brought <mask> and his mother to California. Another account indicates that <mask> moved with both parents to Los Angeles County in early 1853. Joaquin Murrieta died in approximately 1853, when <mask> was approximately 12 years old. Joaquin was killed by a group of rangers who placed his head in a brandy jar and displayed it at locations around California for spectators to view for a $1 fee.Joaquin Murrieta became a legendary figure, and in 1854 a fictionalized book was published on his life. The book claimed that Murrieta had been driven to a life of crime after his wife was raped and killed by Yanquis, his brother was hanged, and he was horsewhipped for a crime he did not commit. This account inspired corridos depicting Murrieta as a fierce avenger of injustices against Mexicans. It was said that the young <mask> witnessed his uncle's death and became so obsessed with his uncle that he took to using his name. As a youth, <mask> reportedly gained a reputation as "a fearless rider and a reckless youth." Early years: the Raines and Golding murders
<mask>'s first reported involvement in banditry came on November 17, 1862 when he was suspected in the murder of a Southern California rancher John Raines (or Rains), on the Rancho Cucamonga. Though the San Francisco Chronicle later reported that <mask> murdered Raines, and he was initially detained in the case, <mask> was released due to the lack of evidence against him.John Boessenecker, writes that <mask> fled north and that another confederate Manuel Cerada was caught and fingered <mask> as one of the killers. Cerrada claimed he, <mask> and four others were paid $500 by Ramon Carrillo, another ranchero, to kill Rains Cerrada was soon lynched and Ramon Carrillo, examined in court was released, no evidence having been found against him. Shortly after the Raines incident, <mask> appeared in Alameda County. <mask> joined, and soon assumed control of, a gang of bandits headquartered in the Livermore Valley. In 1863, the gang was reportedly engaged in nocturnal raids on farms and ranches in the area. <mask>'s gang was suspected in the brutal murder of rancher Aaron Golding (or Golden), his wife, and two children, at Corral Hollow on January 29, 1863. The house was burned to the ground, and a vaquero employed by the family was found dead, hanging from a tree on the premises.The Golding murders drew widespread attention, and suspicion immediately turned to <mask>, Narcisso Bojorques, Chano Ortega, and another bandit known to be operating in the area. A Mexican cattle-herder claimed to have witnessed the murders and identified <mask> as the guilty party. Authorities did not believe that the man was not involved, and the only eyewitness was hanged for the crime. <mask> and two other members of his gang were arrested in the Golding murders but were freed due to a lack of evidence against them (the only eyewitness having already been hanged for the crime). Other accounts have attributed the Golding murders to a gang led by Narciso Bojorques and stated that <mask> was a member of the Bojorques gang at the time. Capture and imprisonment in 1863
<mask> was arrested in 1863 for stealing a lot of cattle from a farmer named Pope at a ranch on the Arroyo Vaya. Constable O.B.Wood from San Leandro tracked <mask> to Alvarado, where <mask> sold Pope's cattle to a local butcher, August Maye. Constable Wood drew his gun on <mask> as he was in the act of receiving money from the butcher, but holstered his weapon when <mask> claimed to be unarmed. <mask> drew a pistol and shot Wood in the arm. A crowd of armed citizens pursued <mask>, cornering him at a bridge outside of the town. <mask> took his pistol between his teeth, dove into the river and swam 50 or 60 feet to the other side. The crowd chased him into a salt marsh where a gunfight ensued. <mask> surrendered after his ammunition was used, and he was tried and convicted in San Leandro of stealing Pope's cattle.At his trial, <mask> accepted the entire blame for the theft, thereby exonerating his accomplice Narciso Bojorques. He was convicted and sentenced to nine years in the state prison at San Quentin. Further crimes: 1871–1872

<mask> was released from San Quentin in March 1871, and according to an August 1871 account in the Alameda Gazette "returned to his old practices as a dog to vomit." He returned to the Livermore Valley after his release from San Quentin, where he was suspected in May 1871 of stealing two cows belonging to John Arnett. <mask> was believed to be staying with Juan Camargo, a "fence" or receiver of stolen goods residing in Livermore. One of the head of cattle stolen from Arnett was found in Camargo's yard, and Camargo was arrested and taken to Pleasanton. An armed and masked mob of 50 men seized Camargo from the jail, took him into the woods three miles from Pleasanton, placed a rope around his neck, and lifted him by it until he confessed, charging the robbery upon <mask> and another man.After hearing of the Camargo affair, <mask> reportedly moved south to Monterey County. There, <mask> met and teamed up with the notorious Tiburcio Vasquez. <mask> and Vasquez robbed a Visalia stagecoach near Soap Lake in July 1871. The passengers aboard the coach, four men and a woman, were tied up and robbed of two gold watches and $500 in gold coin. The pair also robbed a Mr. Moore, a delegate to the Santa Clara Democratic Convention, who was riding in a buggy, of $50 in gold coin. They also robbed the Salinas stagecoach station near Salinas Plains. A press report in 1871 noted that <mask> and his gang were "splendidly mounted and equipped, wear good clothes and sporting gold watches."During 1871, <mask> was reported to have "made himself generally obnoxious" to residents in Monterey County. Following a series of stagecoach robberies together, <mask> and Vasquez reportedly fled south for a "debauched stay" in rural Mexico "to spend their new wealth." In early 1872, Vasquez and <mask> are reported to have then taken a steamer to San Francisco. Arrest in San Francisco
By early 1872, Tiburcio Vasquez reportedly took to the hills, but <mask> remained in San Francisco, as he "had a girl in the city." Other accounts report that <mask> was enjoying "the pleasure of fast women in the brothels of (San Francisco's) Morton Street." <mask> was seen in the city, and Sheriff Harry N. Morse of Alameda County began to track him there. A tip led them to a house (described elsewhere as a brothel or dance hall) on St. Mark's place where Morse and three others kept watch.On February 10, 1872, Morse entered through the back door and the other three deputies entered through the front door. As the officers entered, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that "the desperado sprang from his seat and was about to draw his revolver, when Morse rushed up behind, seized him by the throat, with one hand, while he leveled a revolver at his head with the other, and casually remarked: 'Put up your hands, <mask>—you're my man.'" <mask> was taken by the Oakland boat to the San Leandro jail. At the time of his arrest, the San Francisco Chronicle ran a lengthy article about <mask>'s arrest and career, beginning as follows:

Tomaso Rodendo, alias <mask>, although a young man, is one of the most fearless and daring desperadoes that has ever figured in the criminal annals of our state. The case drew attention even on the East Coast where The New York Times reported:

Tomas Rodundo, alias <mask>, who is charged with many murders, and stage robberies, and other crimes, was captured today at his hiding place in San Francisco. He has been the terror of Southern California for years. He was surprised today, and had not time to draw his pistols, or, it is said, he would never have been taken alive.<mask> was initially arrested for complicity in the murder of a Frenchman at Pleasanton, a crime for which his colleague, Bartolo Sepulveda, was given a life sentence. However, Sheriff Morse could not find sufficient evidence of <mask>'s role in the murder, and <mask> was instead indicted, tried and convicted of cattle theft and sentenced to another seven years in San Quentin. Later years: 1877–1878

<mask> was paroled in June 1877 and returned to banditry, leading a gang in raids near Fresno, Grangeville and Caliente. In Caliente, <mask> and his gang reportedly made a "forced levy" on the town's stores and people in the style of Tiburcio Vasquez. <mask> and his gang were captured near the Tejon Pass, and five members of his gang were lynched in Bakersfield. However, <mask> escaped, formed a new gang and was alleged to have robbed a store in Hanford, California of $300 in jewelry. He also robbed the Brownstone & Swartz store at Grangeville in 1878.He put his knife to the stomach of the store manager, Henry Jerusalem, and reportedly said, "You, do not know me—no? I am <mask>—the Red-Handed Dick. You will open the safe for me, amigo." Procopio tied up Jerusalem and another worker, Emil Seligman, leaving them to lie on the store's floor overnight with their small dog for company. Loaded with clothing and supplies, <mask> fled on horseback for Arroyo Poso de Chane, several miles east of the present Coalinga. <mask>'s horse drowned as he attempted to cross a slough near Summit Lake. Traveling by foot, he encountered the posse sent to capture him at the sheep camp of Frank Woods and Theodore Draper.According to a first-person account by posse member Joel Whiteside, posse members encountered <mask> carrying a saddle on a trail, and <mask> asked in Spanish if they knew the way to Libertad, a nearby Mexican settlement. One of the posse members attempted to question him, but <mask> reportedly fled into the fog. The next day, the posse received a tip that <mask> was staying at a cabin owned by the Higuera brothers. According to Whiteside, they found <mask> asleep in the cabin and took him into custody. <mask> asked permission to dress himself and, when he put on his coat, drew two pistols from his breast pocket and opened fire. In the ensuing firefight, posse member Sol Gladden, who was to have been married the following week, was shot twice (once in the mouth) and killed as he entered the cabin. According to one press report: "<mask> made good his escape after the possemen had emptied their weapons vainly trying to shoot him in the smoke-filled cabin."Following the death of Sol Gladden, the pursuit of <mask> intensified. The San Jose Mercury reported on the chase as follows:

<mask> is regarded as even a more dangerous man than (his intimate associate and dead confederate Tiburcio) Vasquez. He possesses a greater physical strength, is more blood-thirsty and revengeful, and is fully as cunning. After his release from San Quentin he went to Livermore and one night in affray at the Mexican settlement, known as Mexico, he shot a man, but for some reason was not prosecuted. Then he came to Mayfield, and a few days afterward shot a Californian in the leg in a difficulty about a woman. Press accounts of the time indicate that <mask> was aided in his escape as the posse was "several times misled and deceived by Mexicans along the route." Deputy Sheriff W.J.Ellis reported overtaking <mask> on his escape. <mask> asked Ellis in Spanish why Ellis was following him, and Ellis responded by telling <mask> to put up his hands A gunfight ensued in which <mask> shot one of Ellis' fingers. <mask> escaped through a thicket, though a Mexican national told Ellis the following day that <mask> had been slightly wounded by a shotgun blast. Uncertainty regarding death
There are numerous and contradictory accounts of <mask>'s exploits after his escape in 1878. Some indicate he was still working as an active bandit as late as 1882. There were press accounts of his having been arrested near Tucson, Arizona in 1883. One historical account reports that, in 1882, Procopio shot and killed an actor in a Mexican brothel, was arrested and executed by a firing squad.Another account states that he returned to Mexico and served in the army there. Yet another says that, after fleeing California in 1878, <mask> wandered among Mexican settlements, "making himself heartily disliked for his quarrelsomeness and his boastfulness of what he had done as a bad man to the hated gringo." According to that rendition, when he boasted of his exploits in one rural cantina, a group of rurales was dispatched from the barracks, and a dozen of them opened fire on <mask> at close range, later reporting that "Redhanded Dick fell across the threshold riddled like the traditional sieve." Others say he died in Sonora, Mexico in 1882. Some accounts even indicate that he died in the early 1890s. Folklore of <mask>
As years passed, the stories of <mask>'s exploits grew. In 1925, the Los Angeles Times published a lengthy profile titled: "Killing Was Pastime for 'Red-Handed Dick,' One of California's Most Fearsome Bandits."The 1925 profile described <mask> as one of the most blood-thirsty of California's 19th century bandits:

<mask> got his title of Red-handed from his absolute wantonness and cruelty. He is said to have been the nearest rival of Three-fingered Jack ... in the joy of killing. His partners, of course, had few compunctions. But they killed in the way of business or to facilitate their escape. The situation never was so desperate and pursuit never so near but what <mask> had time to slash or stab with his knife, or to drop some inoffensive person with his pistol. One of his favorite pastimes was to ride gravely and innocently past when he met a stranger on the trail, and then to bury his huge knife to the hilt between the unsuspecting victim's shoulders. He seemed to love the feel and the color of warm blood, and so he used the knife whenever possible.Though the accounts of the day portray <mask> as a killer, the language of the 1925 profile reflects the apparent embellishment of the legend. It has been reported that, as <mask>'s legend grew, men would turn pale at the mention of his name, and mothers would frighten their children with it. See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared

References

Further reading
 John Boessenecker, Bandido: The Life and Times of Tiburcio Vasquez (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2010). 1840s births
19th-century deaths
Californios
Criminals from California
Fugitives
Gunslingers of the American Old West
Livermore, California
Mexican outlaws
Outlaws of the American Old West
Pleasanton, California
Year of death unknown

masks:
Procopio
Tomas Procopio Bustamante
Procopio Murietta
Jesus Procopio
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<mask> (born September 30, 1961) is an American actor, director and producer. He played the role of Rocky Dennis in the biographical drama film Mask, which earned him the nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture, and has appeared in a wide variety of films from mainstream including  Some Kind of Wonderful to independent films such as Pulp Fiction, Killing Zoe, and Kicking and Screaming. He was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance in Pulp Fiction. In 2010, he portrayed Daniel Graystone in the science fiction television series Caprica, and became a regular director on the television series Glee. Early life
<mask> was born in Whittier, California, the son of Evelyn B. (née Vawter), a violinist and schoolteacher, and <mask>, an elementary school teacher. He has two sisters, Catherine, an opera singer, and Susan, a writer.<mask> was raised in both American Samoa and Santa Barbara, California, where as a child he once earned money playing piano for local musical theatre productions. He attended the University of Southern California, but dropped out after his junior year. He moved to New York in 1981 and studied with Stella Adler and Peggy Feury. Career

1978–1999
In the 1970s, Stoltz joined a repertory company that performed ten plays at the Edinburgh Festival. He returned to the United States in 1979, when he entered USC as a drama student, but subsequently dropped out to pursue film and television roles. In 1978, he was cast as Steve Benson in the television adaptation of Erma Bombeck's The Grass Is Always Greener over the Septic Tank. Director Cameron Crowe and Stoltz became friends while making Stoltz's first feature film, Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), which Crowe wrote and in which Stoltz had a minor role.According to Stoltz, Crowe promised <mask> a role in all of his future films. He appeared in each of Crowe's next four films, The Wild Life (1984), Say Anything... (1989), Singles (1992), and  Jerry Maguire (1996). In 1985, Stoltz garnered attention with a Golden Globe nomination starring as Rocky Dennis in Mask. Among other roles in the 1980s, he appeared in the 1987 film Some Kind of Wonderful, written and produced by John Hughes. <mask> was originally cast as Marty McFly in Back to the Future. His view of the movie clashed, however, with that of the director, Robert Zemeckis. While the film was to become an action-comedy (and box office smash hit), Stoltz had read the script from a more serious angle, apparently focusing on the tragic consequences of going back to live a life that wasn't one's own.Five weeks into shooting the film, Zemeckis replaced <mask> with Michael J. Fox. This highly unusual move required buy-in from his own studio, which allowed for reshooting much of the film, as well as an agreement from the producers of television's Family Ties, which had earlier refused to allow its star to play the role because it would interfere with shooting the TV show; the deal allowed Fox to shoot the movie around Fox's television schedule. During the 1990s, Stoltz went back and forth between stage, film, and television, appearing in studio and independent films such as The Waterdance (1992), Pulp Fiction (1994), Grace Of My Heart (1996), and Anaconda (1997). During the 1990s, Stoltz produced the films Bodies, Rest & Motion (1993), Sleep with Me (1994), and Mr. Jealousy (1997). He continued to appear on the New York stage, both on Broadway (Three Sisters, Two Shakespearean Actors, Arms and the Man  Our Town) and off-Broadway (The Importance of Being Earnest, The Glass Menagerie, Sly Fox). He was nominated for a Tony Award as Featured Actor for his performance as George Gibbs in the 1989 Broadway revival of Thornton Wilder's Our Town.A performance of this production was featured on Great Performances: Live from Lincoln Center, which received a 1989 Emmy nomination. On television, he had a recurring role as Helen Hunt's character's ex-boyfriend on Mad About You (five episodes, 1994–1998), spent a year on Chicago Hope (1994), and did some television and cable films such as Inside (1996) (directed by Arthur Penn) and The Passion of Ayn Rand (1999), with Helen Mirren. Stoltz received the Indie Sup(Y)port Award at the 1998 Los Angeles Film Festival. 2000–present
During the first part of the 2000s, he starred with Gillian Anderson in The House of Mirth (2000), based on the novel by Edith Wharton. From 2001 to 2002, he had a recurring role as the English teacher-poet August Dimitri in ABC's Once and Again, wherein Julia Whelan's character, a teenager, fell in love with his character. He directed an episode of the show in 2002. In 2003, he played his first leading TV role in Out of Order, which was canceled after five episodes.In 2004, he appeared in The Butterfly Effect as a child molester; the following year, he guest-starred in the NBC sitcom Will & Grace as Debra Messing's love interest. He was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for his direction of the cable movie My Horrible Year! (2001). He also directed a short film entitled The Bulls as well as the highest rated episode of Law & Order in 2005, entitled "Tombstone". He appeared in the music video of The Residents' "Give It to Someone Else", featured on The Commercial DVD. He has contributed essays to the books City Secrets—New York as well as Life Interrupted by Spalding Gray and appears on the children's CD Philadelphia Chickens. Beginning in 2007, Stoltz directed episodes of the drama series Quarterlife, which began airing as webisodes and were then picked up to air on the NBC network in 2008.<mask> played a serial killer in need of medical attention in three episodes of the fifth season of Grey's Anatomy. He has also directed two episodes of Grey's Anatomy. <mask> starred as Daniel Graystone, inventor of the Cylons, in the science fiction television series Caprica, a prequel set 58 years before the Battlestar Galactica series. He became a regular director of Glee, directing a total of 12 episodes, including "Nationals", in which the Glee club finally wins the championship. In 2011 <mask> was seen back on the silver screen with the film Fort McCoy; he earned accolades for his leading role as a conflicted barber of German heritage forced to suppress his American patriotism after moving his family to a post–World War II military base housing a German POW camp. Starting in 2014, Stoltz became the producing director of the CBS political drama series Madam Secretary. The following year he became one of its four executive producers, alongside Morgan Freeman and Barbara Hall, and has directed more than 10 episodes, as well as starring alongside Téa Leoni in several episodes as her brother, Will Adams.Personal life
<mask> met Bridget Fonda in 1986 and they began dating in 1990. The relationship ended after eight years. In 2005 <mask> married Bernadette Moley, a singer and former animator for Disney who had migrated to the United States from Ireland. Stoltz is a vegetarian. Filmography

Actor

Film

Television

Director

Film

Television

He has directed many shows on The Learning Channel, TLC Network. Producer

Films

References

External links

1961 births
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American television directors
Living people
Male actors from Santa Barbara, California
USC School of Dramatic Arts alumni
Film directors from California
People from Whittier, California

masks:
Eric Cameron Stoltz
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Jack Stoltz
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<mask> the <mask> (; 28 October 1138 – 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke of Wiślica from 1166–1173, and of Sandomierz after 1173. He became ruler over the Polish Seniorate Province at Kraków and thereby High Duke of Poland in 1177; a position he held until his death, though interrupted once by his elder brother and predecessor Mieszko III the Old. In 1186 <mask> also inherited the Duchy of Masovia from his nephew Leszek, becoming the progenitor of the Masovian branch of the royal Piast dynasty, and great-grandfather of the later Polish king Władysław I the Elbow-high. The honorific title "the Just" was not contemporary and first appeared in the 16th century. Early life
<mask>, the sixth but fourth surviving son of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland, by his second wife Salomea, daughter of Count Henry of Berg, was born in 1138, after his father's death but on the same day. Consequently, he was not mentioned in his father's will, and thus left without any land. During his first years, <mask> and his sister Agnes (born in 1137) lived with their mother Salomea in her widow land of Łęczyca.There, the young prince remained far away from the struggles of his brothers Bolesław IV the Curly and Mieszko <mask> the Old with their older half-brother High Duke Władysław II, who tried to reunite all of Poland under his rule (contrary to his late father's testament) and was finally expelled in 1146. Salomea of Berg had died in 1144. <mask> and Agnes were cared for by their elder brother Bolesław IV, who assumed the high ducal title two years later. Although under his tutelage the young prince could feel safe, he had no guarantee to receive part of the paternal inheritance in the future. When in 1151 he reached the proper age (age 13 at that time) to assume control over some of the lands of the family, he remained with nothing. Three years later (1157), his situation worsened as a result of the successful Polish campaign of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who came to the aid of Władysław II and his sons. As a part of the treaty Bolesław IV had to conclude with Barbarossa, <mask> was sent to Germany as a hostage in order to secure the loyalty of his brother to the Emperor.The fate of <mask> at the Imperial Court is unknown. He returned to Poland certainly before 21 May 1161, because on that day he is mentioned in a document along with two of his brothers, Bolesław IV and Henry of Sandomierz. Duke at Wiślica
In 1166, <mask>'s brother Henry was killed in battle during a Prussian Crusade. He died without issue, and in his will he named <mask> the only heir of his Lesser Polish Duchy of Sandomierz. However, High Duke Bolesław IV decided to divide the duchy into three parts: the largest (which included the capital, Sandomierz) he gave to himself; a second unnamed portion he granted to Mieszko III the Old, and only the third part, the small district of Duke of Wiślica, was given to <mask>. Angry and disappointed with the decision of the High Duke, <mask> rebelled against him, with the support of his brother Mieszko, the magnate Jaksa of Miechów, Sviatoslav son of Piotr Włostowic, Archbishop Jan of Gniezno, and Bishop Gedko of Kraków. <mask> also had the support of almost all of Lesser Poland.Quick actions by Bolesław IV stopped the rebellion, and in the end, <mask> was only able to retain Wiślica. In 1172, Mieszko <mask> again rebelled against the High Duke, and tried to persuade his younger brother to join him. For unknown reasons, <mask> refused to participate this time. Bolesław IV died in 1173 and according to the principle of agnatic seniority he was succeeded as High Duke by Mieszko <mask> the Old, the oldest surviving brother. Mieszko decided to give the entire Sandomierz duchy to <mask>, and so <mask> finally assumed the ducal title that his late brother had usurped. Revolt against Mieszko <mask> the Old
The strong and dictatorial rule of the new High Duke caused a deep disaffection among the Lesser Polish nobility. This time a new revolt instigated in 1177 had a real chance of victory.The rebellion, apart of the magnates, counted upon the support of Gedko, Bishop of Kraków; Mieszko's eldest son Odon; Duke Bolesław I the Tall of Silesia, the son of former High Duke Władysław II; and <mask>. The reasons for his inclusion in this revolt, after being reconciled with Mieszko, are unknown. The battle for new leadership took quite strange course: Mieszko <mask>, completely surprised by the rebels in his Duchy of Greater Poland, withdrew to Poznań, where he stayed for almost two years enduring heavy fighting with his son Odon. Finally, he was defeated and was forced to escape. Duke Bolesław the Tall failed to conquer Kraków and the Seniorate Province, as he himself was stuck in an inner-Silesian conflict with his brother Mieszko I Tanglefoot and his own son Jarosław; soon defeated, he asked <mask> for help. After a successfully action in Silesia, <mask> marched to Kraków, which was quickly mastered. <mask>, now Duke of Kraków, decided to conclude a treaty under which Bolesław the Tall obtained full authority over Lower Silesia at Wrocław, and in return <mask> granted the Lesser Polish districts of Bytom, Oświęcim and Pszczyna to the then deposed Mieszko I Tanglefoot as a gift for <mask>'s godson and namesake <mask> of Opole, the only son of Mieszko I Tanglefoot.High Duke of Poland
The 1177 rebellion against High Duke Mieszko <mask> the Old was a complete success for <mask>, who not only conquered Kraków (including the districts of Sieradz and Łęczyca) obtaining the high ducal title, but also managed to extend his sovereignty as Polish monarch over Silesia (then divided between the three sons of Władysław II: Bolesław the Tall, Mieszko I Tanglefoot, and Konrad Spindleshanks, as well as Bolesław's son Jarosław of Opole), Greater Poland (ruled by Odon), and Masovia and Kuyavia (ruled by Duke Leszek, then a minor and under the tutelage of his mother and the voivode Żyrona, one of <mask>'s followers). On the Baltic coast, Pomerelia (Gdańsk Pomerania) was ruled by Duke Sambor I as a Polish vassal. Mieszko <mask> the Old worked intensively for his return, however; at first in Bohemia and later in Germany and in the Duchy of Pomerania. In order to achieve his ambitions and give the hereditary right to the throne at Kraków (and with this the Seniorate Province) to his descendants, <mask> called an assembly of Polish nobles at Łęczyca in 1180. He granted privileges to both the nobility and the Church, lifting a tax on the profits of the clergy and relinquishing his rights over the lands of deceased bishops. By these acts, he won the acceptance of the principle of hereditary succession to Kraków, though it still would take more than a century to restore the Polish kingship. However, in the first half of 1181 (and less than a year after the Łęczyca assembly), Mieszko <mask> the Old, with the assistance of Duke Sambor's brother Mestwin I of Pomerelia, conquered the eastern Greater Polish lands of Gniezno and Kalisz and managed to persuade his son Odon to submit (according to some historians, Odon then received from his father the Greater Polish lands south of the Obra River).At the same time, Duke Leszek of Masovia decided to leave the influence of <mask>. He named Mieszko III the Old's son Mieszko the Younger as governor of Masovia and Kuyavia, and with this, made a tacit promise regarding the succession of these lands. Foreign affairs
For unknown reasons, <mask> chose not to react to these events and decided only to secure his authority over Lesser Poland. A diplomatic meeting occurred in 1184 at the court of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa where <mask>, in order to block the actions of Mieszko III the Old and retain power as High Duke of Poland, swore allegiance to Barbarossa and paid him a large tribute. The most important issues during the reign of <mask>, beside the conflicts with his brother Mieszko, were the diplomatic policies towards the neighbouring Russian principalities in the east. The first task before him as High Duke was to create bonds with the Rurik Grand Princes at Kiev, who were strongly associated with the previous High Dukes through their marriages to Kievan princesses (Bolesław IV the Curly with Viacheslava of Novgorod and Mieszko <mask> the Old with Eudoxia of Kiev). For this purpose, in November 1178 <mask> arranged the marriage of his daughter with Prince Vsevolod IV of Kiev.His first major intervention in Kievan Rus' affairs occurred in 1180, when the High Duke supported Vasylko, Prince of Shumsk and Drohiczyn (and son-in-law of the late Bolesław IV the Curly), and his nephew Leszek of Masovia in a dispute with Vladimir of Minsk for the region of Volhynia at Volodymyr. The war ended with the success of Vladimir, who conquered Volodymyr and Brest, while Vasylko held his ground at Drohiczyn. However, this war did not definitively settle the matter of the rule at Brest, which had been granted as a fief to Prince Sviatoslav, Vasylko's cousin and <mask>'s nephew (stepson of his sister Agnes). In 1182 a revolt broke out against Sviatoslav's rule, but thanks to <mask>'s intervention, he was restored on the throne. Nevertheless, shortly afterwards <mask> saw that the situation was unstable, and so he finally decided to give the power to Sviatoslav's half-brother, Roman. In 1187, Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl of Halych died, whereafter a long struggle for his succession began. Initially, the authority over the principality was taken by his younger illegitimate son, Oleg, but he was soon murdered by the boyars.Halych was then taken by Yaroslav's eldest son, Vladimirko. Vladimirko's reign was also far from stable, a situation used by Prince Roman of Brest, who, with the help of his uncle <mask>, deposed him and took full control over Halych. The defeated Vladimirko fled to the Kingdom of Hungary under the protection of King Béla <mask> (his relative; Vladimirko's paternal grandmother was a Hungarian princess), who decided to send his army to Halych. Roman escaped to Kraków and Vladimirko, as an act of revenge, invaded Lesser Poland. However, King Béla <mask> soon decided to attach Halych to Hungary, and again deposed Vladimirko, replacing him as Prince of Halych with his own son, Andrew. The war continued for another two years, until <mask> restored Vladimirko's authority over Halych following instructions from Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who had decided to help Vladimirko after he had declared himself to be his subject. Internal Politics
In 1186 Duke Leszek of Masovia died.Before his death the sickly duke decided to give all his lands to High Duke <mask>. Though Leszek had previously promised the inheritance to his elder uncle Mieszko III, his dictatorial proceedings caused Leszek to change his mind and decide in <mask>'s favor. Shortly after Leszek's death however, Mieszko <mask> occupied the lands of Kuyavia up to the Vistula River, and <mask> could only take possession over Masovia proper. Nevertheless, thanks to the Masovian inheritance, <mask> directly ruled over the major part of Poland. The involvement of <mask> in the Russian affairs was used in 1191 by Mieszko <mask>, who managed to take control over Wawel Castle at Kraków, seizing the high ducal title and the control over the Seniorate Province. Immediately, he declared Kraków an hereditary fief to his own descendants, implementing his son Mieszko the Younger as a governor. The conflict ended peacefully, as <mask> – upon his return from Russia – regained the capital without a fight, and Mieszko the Younger escaped to the side of his father.The last goal of <mask>'s reign was at the beginning of 1194, when he organized an expedition against the Baltic Yotvingians. The expedition ended with a full success, and <mask> had a triumphant return to Kraków. After a banquet was held to celebrate his return, <mask> died unexpectedly, on 5 May 1194. Some historians believed that he was poisoned. He was succeeded as High Duke by his eldest surviving son Leszek I the White, who like his father had to face the strong opposition from Mieszko III the Old. <mask> was probably buried at Wawel Cathedral. <mask> had planned to found a University in Kraków and already started to construct the building, but his sudden death balked his plans.The present-day Jagiellonian University was not established until 1364 by King <mask> the Great as the second oldest in Central and Eastern Europe (after the Charles University in Prague). Relations with the Church
During his reign, <mask> was very generous to the Church, especially with the Cistercians monasteries of Wąchock, Jędrzejów, Koprzywnica and Sulejów; with the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre of Miechów and Regular Canonry of Czerwińsk nad Wisłą and Trzemeszno and the Order of the Knights Hospitaller in Zagość. He also tried to expand the cult of Saint Florian, whose remains were brought to Kraków by Bishop Gedko. Marriage and issue
Between 1160-1165 (but no later than 1166), <mask> married with Helena (ca. 1140/42 – ca. 1202/06), daughter of Duke Conrad II of Znojmo, scion of a Moravian cadet branch of the Přemyslid dynasty. They had:
 A daughter (name unknown) (b. before 1167), married between 11 October and 24 December 1178 to Prince Vsevolod IV of Kiev.<mask> (ca. 1162 – 2 February or 1 March 1167), named after his father. Bolesław (ca. 1168/71 – 16 April 1182/83), probably named after his paternal grandfather Bolesław III Wrymouth, although it is possible that he was named in honour of his uncle Bolesław IV the Curly. He died accidentally, after falling from a tree. He was probably buried at Wawel Cathedral. Odon (1169/84 – died in infancy).He was probably named after either Odon of Poznań or Saint Odo of Cluny. Adelaide (ca. 1177/84 – 8 December 1211), foundress of the convent of St. Jakob in Sandomierz. Leszek I the White (ca. 1184/85 – 24 November 1227)
 Konrad (ca. 1187/88– 31 August 1247)

Notes

References

Bibliography
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1138 births
1194 deaths
12th-century Polish monarchs
Dukes of Masovia
Polish Roman Catholics

masks:
Casimir II
Just
Casimir
Casimir
Casimir
III
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III
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Casimir


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<mask> (28 July 19221 November 2008) was a Swiss oceanographer and engineer, known for having developed underwater submarines for studying ocean currents. In the Challenger Deep, he and Lt. Don Walsh of the United States Navy were the first people to explore the deepest known part of the world's ocean, and the deepest known location on the surface of Earth's crust, the Mariana Trench, located in the western North Pacific Ocean. Family life
<mask> was born in Brussels, Belgium, to <mask>, who was himself an adventurer and engineer. <mask>' father Auguste twice beat the record for reaching the highest altitude in a balloon, during 1931–1932. The <mask> family thus had the unique distinction of breaking world records for both the highest flight and the deepest dive. <mask> (professor of chemistry)
 <mask> (physicist, aeronaut, balloonist, hydronaut)
 <mask> (hydronaut)
 <mask> (aeronaut, balloonist)
 <mask> (organic chemist, aeronaut, and balloonist)
 <mask> (wife of Jean Felix) (aeronaut and balloonist)
 <mask> (balloonist)

<mask>'s father, who had already set altitude records in his balloon, started using the buoyancy technique used in balloons for developing a submersible vehicle, the bathyscaphe. <mask> initially started out his career by teaching economics at University of Geneva while continuing to help his father improve the bathyscaphe to demonstrate its potential for operating in deep waters.During that period Piccard also completed a diploma at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. Together, <mask> and his father built three bathyscaphes between 1948 and 1955, which reached record depths of 4,600 feet and 10,000 feet (the last one was bought by the government). With this success, the younger Piccard abandoned economics to collaborate with his father on further improving the bathyscaphe and demonstrating its practicality for exploration and research and then they collaborated. <mask>'s son <mask> is continuing his family traditions. He commanded the first non-stop balloon flight around the world in March 1999 and the first solar-powered plane flight around the world in December 2009. Challenger Deep mission

<mask> sought financial help from the U.S. Navy, which at that time was exploring various ways of designing submarines for underwater research. <mask> was welcomed to the U.S. to demonstrate his bathyscaphe, now named the Trieste.Impressed by his designs, the U.S. Navy bought the vessel and hired <mask> as a consultant. Recognizing the strategic value of a workable submersible for submarine salvage and rescue, the Navy began testing the Trieste for greater depths. With his Trieste able to reach depths of 24,000 feet, <mask> and his colleagues planned on an even greater challenge—a voyage to the bottom of the sea. On 23 January 1960, <mask> and Lt. Don Walsh reached the floor of the Mariana Trench located in the western North Pacific Ocean. The depth of the descent was measured at 10,916 meters (35,813 feet); later, more accurate, measurements during 1995 found the Mariana Trench to be slightly less deep at 10,911 m (35,797 ft). The descent took almost five hours. The bathyscaphe carried no scientific equipment and no experiments were conducted; the mission's purpose was to prove that the depth could be reached.The descent progressed without incident until 30,000 feet, when the crew heard a loud crack. They continued the dive, however, finally touching down in "snuff-colored ooze" at 35,800 feet. When they reached the featureless seabed, they saw a flat fish as well as a new type of shrimp. Marine biologists later disputed their observations, claiming that no fish could survive the 17,000 psi pressure at such depths. Upon discovering cracks in the viewing windows, Piccard cut the voyage short. After only a 20-minute stay on the bottom, they began dumping ballast for their return to the surface, and the damaged vessel returned to its escort ships without incident in three hours and 15 minutes. The historic dive received worldwide attention, and Piccard wrote an account of it, Seven Miles Down, with Robert Deitz, a renowned geologist who had helped plan the mission.A planned return expedition, however, never occurred. The Trieste was expensive to maintain and operate. It was incapable of collecting samples and could not take photographs and so had little scientific data to show for its voyages. U.S. Navy nuclear submarines, the Thresher and the Scorpion. Ben Franklin mission
On 14 July 1969, just two days before the Apollo 11 launch, the Ben Franklin, also known as the Grumman/Piccard PX-15 mesoscaphe, was towed to the high-velocity center of the Gulf Stream off the coast of Palm Beach, Florida. Once on site, the Ben Franklin with its six-man, international crew descended to 1,000 feet off of Riviera Beach, Florida and drifted 1,444 miles north with the current for more than four weeks, surfacing near Maine. The crew consisted of <mask> as the mission leader; Erwin Aebersold, another Swiss, as Piccard's handpicked pilot and main assistant to Piccard and project engineer during the Franklin's design and construction.Grumman selected a Navy submariner named Don Kazimir to be captain. The U.S. Navy Oceanographic Office sent Frank Busby to conduct a bottom survey along the drift track over the Continental Shelf and the Royal Navy sent Ken Haigh, an acoustic specialist, who studied underwater acoustics and performed sonic experiments up and down the water column throughout the mission. The sixth man was Chet May from NASA. His specialty was "man working in space". Wernher von Braun learned about the Franklin mission, visited the submarine in Palm Beach, and considered the mission a kind of analogue to a prolonged mission in space, such as on the forthcoming Skylab. He appointed May as a NASA observer to accompany the mission and study the effects of prolonged isolation on the human crew. Named for the American patriot and inventor who was one of the first to chart the Gulf Stream, the 50-foot Ben Franklin was built between 1966 and 1968 in Switzerland for Piccard and the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation.It has been restored and now resides in the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver, Canada. Influence and distinctions

Ambient artists Matt Ruhlmann and Celer collaboratively released an album called Mesoscaphe in 2008, dedicated to the voyage of the Ben Franklin. He was awarded the Howard N. Potts Medal in 1972. In 1981, Piccard became a founding member of the World Cultural Council. On 1 February 2008, Piccard was honored Doctor honoris causa at the Catholic University of Louvain (Louvain-la-Neuve). Other activities
Piccard was the founder of the Foundation for the Study and Protection of Seas and Lakes, based in Cully, Switzerland. </ref>
 Mésoscaphe Auguste Piccard, the world's first passenger submarine, built for the 1964 Swiss national exhibition
 Ben Franklin (PX-15)
 F.-A.Forel (PX-28)
 PX-44

Bibliography

See also
 Project Nekton

References

External links

 Page from <mask>' son <mask>'s website
 Official press release regarding Challenger Deep operation. The Ben Franklin - Grumman/Piccard PX-15. From Sea to Shining Sea: The Story of the Ben Franklin Gulf Stream Drift Mission. Obituary in Times of London
 Obituary by Marcus Williamson in The Independent, UK

1922 births
2008 deaths
20th-century Swiss engineers
20th-century Swiss inventors
Engineers from Brussels
Howard N. Potts Medal recipients
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
Founding members of the World Cultural Council
Swiss expatriates in Belgium

masks:
Jacques Piccard
Jacques Piccard
Auguste Piccard
Jacques
Piccard
Jules Piccard
Auguste Piccard
Jacques Piccard
Bertrand Piccard
Jean Felix Piccard
Jeannette Piccard
Don Piccard
Jacques
Jacques
Piccard
Jacques
Bertrand Piccard
Jacques
Jacques
Piccard
Piccard
Piccard
Jacques Piccard
Jacques
Bertrand Piccard


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<mask> (born August 15, 1944) is an American singer-songwriter who made three albums for Epic and Columbia Records in the 1960s and 1970s and whose songs have been recorded by a number of popular artists. In the 1980s, she re-emerged as an independent recording artist and vocal coach, later working in film and TV scoring and Hawaiian music. Biography

Early years
<mask> composed her first song at the age of nine and by her teens was playing folk clubs. During this period, she formed a two-year alliance with Ry Cooder who accompanied her for performances of blues material. Her recording career began a few years later, in 1966, when she and singer-songwriter Rick Stanley became The Gentle Soul, a folk band with psychedelic influences and an emphasis on creative and elaborate vocal harmonies. Their self-titled album appeared on Epic Records together with a number of non-LP singles. Following the dissolution of The Gentle Soul, <mask> set up home in Mill Valley, California before joining Joe Cocker and Leon Russell for the Mad Dogs and Englishmen tour in 1970.She can be heard and seen in the ensuing double album and film documentary respectively. Songwriter and teacher
<mask>'s songs have been recorded by a considerable number of popular artists from the 60s onwards. These include Helen Reddy, who recorded "Music, Music" for her gold-selling album of the same name in 1976, and Linda Ronstadt, who recorded "I'd Like To Know". Among the most widely recorded of her songs is "Tulsa County", which has been interpreted by The Byrds, Bobby Bare, Anita Carter, Jesse Ed Davis, and Son Volt. More recently, singer-songwriter Alela Diane recorded <mask>'s "See My Love" when she guested as a vocalist for The Headless Heroes' 2008 covers album, "The Silence of Love". The original version of "See My Love" appeared on "The Gentle Soul". By the 80s, <mask> had also established herself as a vocal coach, and she later released the instructional DVD "Vocal Ease".Solo artist
Her emergence as a solo artist began with the self-written album "<mask>and", which appeared on Columbia Records in 1972. Owing to changes of personnel at Columbia, <mask>'s follow-up album, "Have You Heard The One About The Gas Station Attendant?" (1973), recorded in London with producer Gus Dudgeon and featuring guest appearances from Joan Armatrading, as well as several members of Elton John's band and renowned arranger Paul Buckmaster, was shelved. Her next solo album was not to be until 1995's "Heart of the World", which combined her pop and jazz leanings with New Age sensibilities. The album, produced by Gary Malkin (Graceful Passages), also sported guest spots from Kenny Loggins, Bonnie Raitt, The Byrds' Chris Hillman, as well as Mike Marshall and several other well recorded musicians. Public interest in the Epic/Columbia years was reawakened from 2003 onwards, when "The Gentle Soul" was reissued on CD in America. This was followed by Japanese reissues of "The Gentle Soul" as well as "Pamela Polland".Subsequently, both albums, along with "Heart Of The World", were made available on iTunes. The "<mask> Polland" album is also part of the Pandora internet radio library. The unreleased 1973 Columbia album, believed to be an artistic triumph, has been referred to by <mask> as "some of my best work". It saw its first release in March 2019 when the BGO label released a CD compiling that album and <mask>'s 1972 debut. Melba Rounds

The unfortunate events at Columbia Records that curtailed <mask> Rounds. The fictional Melba Rounds was a bawdy and lubricious blues and jazz madam whose repertoire spanned the 1920s to the 1940s. <mask>'s "Melba Rounds Show" proved a hit in San Francisco, and was noted for its exuberance, extravagant costumes and dancers.The Melba Rounds Show demonstrated the breadth of <mask>'s stylistic repertoire and spawned a ten-year stint for her as principal vocalist with The Golden Age jazz band. Hawaii
Following the release of "Heart of The World", <mask>'s self-published third solo album, she moved to Maui, Hawaii, and threw herself into local culture and music. She took up the ‘ukulele, studied local language, and became a hula dancer. <mask> is currently band leader of Keaolani, a four-piece ‘ukulele band tutored by Hawaiian cultural experts Kahauanu Lake and Walter Kamuala‘i Kawai‘ae‘a. She is also the co-founder of Maui Film Music, through which she provides film and TV scores with Bobby Parrs. <mask>'s achievements as an artist and performer in Hawaiian music are such that she was requested to appear at Tony Curtis's 81st birthday party as well as a command performance for Anthony Hopkins. In June 2010, <mask> released "Hawaiianized", a five-track digital download EP available internationally via iTunes and other digital outlets.The mini-album, part one of an envisaged series, featured pop classics interpreted in Hawaiian style with new vocal arrangements and 'ukulele accompaniment from <mask>. The collection was produced by John McFee of The Doobie Brothers, who had played on <mask>'s self-titled Columbia debut, and who also played a variety of acoustic and electric stringed instruments on the EP. The set's distinctive background vocals were sung by Sharon Celani, famous for her work with Stevie Nicks and others. "Hawaiianized" was bookended by two different versions of "Somewhere Over The Rainbow", prompting Sam Arlen, son of the song's composer Harold Arlen, to comment, "This version of my father's classic composition lifts the spirit while still tugging at the heartstrings to remind us that there is really no place like home. This disc deserves a home in your collection." Personal life
<mask> is married to designer Bill Ernst with whom she has settled in Hawaii, on the island of Maui. Discography

Albums
 Gentle Soul – The Gentle Soul (Epic, BN 26374, 1968)
All tracks written by <mask>/Rick Stanley except where noted.(Columbia, 1973)
Unreleased album, completed and mastered, Produced by Gus Dudgeon

 Heart of the World (Ivory Moon, 6795, 1995)
Produced by Gary Malkin

 Hawaiianized (Off The Leash/AWAL, 2010)
Produced by John McFee

References

External links
 Official website
 Keaolani Ukulele Band and Hula
 Maui Film Music
 Interview with <mask> on A Bit Like You And Me

1944 births
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women singers
American women music educators
American women pop singers
American women rock singers
American women singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from California
Singer-songwriters from California
Singer-songwriters from Hawaii

masks:
Pamela Anna Polland
Pamela Polland
Pamela
Polland
Polland
Polland
Pamela Poll
Polland
Pamela
Polland
Polland
Pollandba
Polland
Polland
Polland
Polland
Polland
Polland
Polland
Polland
Pamela
Pamela Polland
Pamela Polland


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<mask> (born March 26, 1965) is a Puerto Rican actor, comedian, host and philanthropist. Starting his career as a comedian in various local shows, <mask> gained popularity in the 1990s when he hosted a string of successful comedy shows where he showcased his various characters and personifications. Since 2007, <mask> has been hosting the mid-day variety show Día a Día, along with Dagmar. <mask> is also a radio show host and a theater actor. <mask> has gained prominence for his philanthropic endeavors. After his friend and co-host, Dagmar, was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, <mask> has performed a yearly charity walk around various parts of the island while also raising awareness. Because of his commitment to the cause, <mask> has received numerous recognitions, including from the Senate of Puerto Rico.Early years

<mask> was born as Ramón Emilio <mask> Vázquez in Hato Rey, one of the main barrios of San Juan, Puerto Rico. His parents were <mask> and Carmín Vázquez. <mask> went to school at the Academy Nuestra Señora de la Providencia. When he was in the third grade, <mask> volunteered to play the part of "Ramoneta Cienfuegos", a character of popular Puerto Rican comedian Shorty Castro, in a school play. After that he continued to participate in many other plays at school, even organizing his own. One of the works he wrote and directed was Mundo Loco, which told a story about a war between fans of Salsa music and fans Rock music. <mask> has mentioned that José Miguel Agrelot has always been his main inspiration.After <mask> graduated from high school, he enrolled in the Universidad del Sagrado Corazón of San Juan, where he earned a bachelor's degree in Radio and Television Production in 1987. There, he also joined Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity. On one occasion, <mask> and some friends visited the café theater "El Punto del Coquí" located in Old San Juan. He sat down and played the piano while doing imitations. The owner of the club was impressed and asked <mask> to prepare an act for his club. <mask> prepared an act called "Black and White" which was a success and he was soon traveling around the island with his "show". In 1983, Our Lady of the Providence Academy established the "<mask>ta Award" which is annually awarded to the student with the best artistic qualities.Career as a comedian
In 1988, <mask> already had his own radio show and was also participating in Telemundo's "Estudio Alegre" (Happy Studio);"El Show del Medio Día" (The Noon Show) for WAPA among others. He landed a role in the Spanish version of the play "The Diary of Anne Frank". In 1991, <mask> went to Mexico where he participated in the play "Mama ama el Rock" (Mother loves Rock) with Mexican stars Angelica María and Angélica Vale. In 1995, he replaced George Ortuzar as the host of Lente Loco (Crazy Lens), a Candid Camera-style show, co-hosting with Cuban model Odalys García. Later in the nineties, he had his own show "Que Vacilón" which aired in prime time through WAPA. In this comedy show of sketches and stand-ups, he brought to life, along with other local talents, which also included Rene Monclova, Jorge Castro, and Tita Guerrero, a bunch of peculiar characters who gained immense popularity in the Puerto Rican pop culture, like the clown Trompetilla, a grumpy clown with a kind of fraudulent circus; and Andresito a kind of Dennis the Menace little boy. Many consider this period to be the peak of his career.<mask> had his own weekly TV show in Puerto Rico called "El Show de Raymond". Which was transmitted through Televicentro and WAPA TV. In 2007 he switched to Telemundo and WKAQ-TV, where he currently stars in his own daytime daily show, "Día a Día con <mask> y Dagmar". Puerto Rican comedian, José Miguel Agrelot once said, that <mask> was the greatest comedian of the "new" generation. In 2014, <mask> returned to comedy television with the WKAQ-TV sketch comedy "Raymond y sus Amigos", which also reunites him with "Que Vacilon" cast members Monclova and Castro. Da Vida Caminando con <mask> (Walk-A-Thon)

On Friday, May 15, 2009 <mask> began a Walk-A-Thon to raise funds for cancer patients in Puerto Rican institutions, the city of Ponce to San Juan arriving in Telemundo Puerto Rico. The Walk-A-Thon which ended on May 19, 2009.This hike was named the 2nd Hike Ramón Rivero "Diplo," the first man to hold a walka-a-thon in the world to raise funds for a cause, in 1953—for the Oncological Hospital, in San Juan. On October 23, 2009 Fi Sigma Alfa honored <mask> by bestowing upon him the "Medalla de Caballero Sigma" a medal only four other members have been honored with. <mask> walked again for cancer patients in 2010 from Aguadilla to San Juan arriving in Telemundo Puerto Rico with the name "Da Vida Caminando con <mask>". On June 4, 2010, on the very morning of the start of the Walk-A-Thon, Caguas mayor, William Miranda Marín died from pancreatic cancer. The 2010 edition of the Walk-A-Thon was dedicated to "Willie" first thing in the morning after in 2009 the Walk-A-Thon passed by through Caguas and he told Arrieta he would participate again the next year. In 2011, <mask> walked for a third time from Vieques to San Juan in six days and raised money for the Puerto Rico Oncologist Hospital patients, which had no money to pay employees or. He walked 12 miles through the island of Vieques, then boarded a ferry back to Fajardo and continued to walk in a treadmill completing 2 miles in about an hour and a half.After reaching Fajardo everyone rested for the next day. In 3 days he reached San Juan, near the facilities of Telemundo. However, before arriving to San Juan, he followed the route which led to Caguas and he attended a memorial service held in honor of the memory of the late Caguas mayor William Miranda Marín, at the Caguas Botanical Garden,  As stated before, Miranda Marín died on June 4, 2010, the first day of Arrieta's Walk-A-Thon from Mayagüez. The Walk-A-Thon continued to Río Piedras, then back to San Juan. The goal for this fund-raiser was $1 Million and, according to statistics, a record has been set with an unknown quantity of money at the moment. The route he completed was Vieques-Fajardo, Fajardo-Río Grande, Río Grande-San Juan, San Juan-Caguas, Caguas-Río Piedras and Río Piedras-San Juan. Comedy Characters

Filmography

Source

Notes

See also

 List of Puerto Ricans
 List of television presenters/Puerto Rico

References

External links
 Popular Culture
 Spanish Biography of <mask>

1965 births
Living people
20th-century Puerto Rican male actors
21st-century Puerto Rican male actors
Male actors from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican comedians
Puerto Rican male television actors
Puerto Rican philanthropists
Puerto Rican television personalities
Puerto Rican television talk show hosts

masks:
Raymond Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Raymond Arrieta
Arrieta
Ramón Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Raymondrrie
Arrieta
Arrieta
Arrieta
Raymond
Raymond Arrieta
Raymond
Raymond
Arrieta
Raymond Arrieta
Arrieta
Raymond
Raymond
Raymond


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<mask> (born 2 November 1965) is a British politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Grantham and Stamford from 2010 to 2019. He was a member of the Conservative Party until 2019. Before entering Parliament, <mask> was a Westminster City councillor and the director of Policy Exchange, a think tank based in Westminster. He was elected to the Grantham and Stamford constituency in Lincolnshire at the 2010 general election. He served as Minister of State for Skills from 2014 to 2016. <mask> resigned from his local Conservative Association on 16 March 2019 citing differences with his local party. On 1 April 2019, he resigned the party whip, accusing the party of failing to compromise on Brexit.He then sat as an Independent Progressive Conservative until the dissolution of parliament on 5 November. Early life
<mask> was born on 2 November 1965, the son of Sir <mask>, who was later Director-General of the National Trust from 1975 to 1983. He is the great-nephew of Conservative MP <mask>. <mask> was a scholar at Winchester College before reading Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Magdalen College, Oxford, then winning a Kennedy Scholarship to study for a Master's in Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Career
In 1995, <mask> founded a small DIY supply business, Longwall Holdings Limited, where he is the non-executive chairman, having served as its chief executive until 2000. In 1998, he was elected as a Conservative councillor for the West End ward in Westminster City Council. He was chairman of the council's housing committee from 1999 to 2001, before stepping down in 2002.<mask> was considered one of a group of young Conservatives aligned with David Cameron and George Osborne described as the Notting Hill set. He founded the think tank Policy Exchange in 2002 and served as its director until leaving the organisation in 2007. <mask> was the Conservative Party candidate for the Labour-held marginal seat of Hove for the 2005 general election. He received media attention during the 2005 election by being an openly gay Conservative candidate for a winnable seat. However, Celia Barlow retained the seat for Labour. He was a candidate in the Conservative primary for the 2008 London mayoral election but withdrew after being diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. <mask> recovered from his illness, and in October 2007 was selected as the prospective Conservative candidate for Grantham and Stamford, then occupied by Quentin Davies, who had switched allegiance from the Conservatives to Labour earlier in 2007.In May 2008, he was appointed as the Chief of Staff for the new Conservative Mayor of London Boris Johnson for three months. In the second half of 2008, he worked on preparing the Conservatives for government by meeting senior civil servants to discuss how to implement Conservative policies if they won the next general election. He was elected as member for Grantham and Stamford in May 2010 with a majority of 14,826. He was appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Schools Minister, <mask> in 2010. <mask> was Minister for Planning between November 2012 and August 2014. He introduced a "presumption for sustainable development" aimed at making new housing development easier, which required councils to create local plans identifying areas that were suitable for further building. In a November 2013 speech, at a conference fringe meeting, he argued that despite their unpopularity the reforms were "making the world a slightly better place", but that he'd prefer to work in education than planning.In August 2014, <mask> was appointed Minister for Skills, which included responsibilities for education and construction. In October 2016, <mask> announced that a cancerous tumour had been found in his head and he expected to undergo treatment soon. The following February, he took a trip out of hospital after a third round of chemotherapy in order to vote for the government's bill on withdrawal from the European Union. He announced in April 2017 he would be standing at the 2017 general election. The tumour was eradicated by chemotherapy. 2019 resignation
On 16 March 2019, <mask> resigned from his local Conservative Association after disagreeing with them about his rejection of leaving the EU with no deal. The local association had been considering deselecting him as candidate at the next election, due to the disagreement.On 1 April 2019, <mask> resigned from the Conservative Party following the announcement of the results of the second round of indicative votes on exiting the European Union. He had been a proponent with Oliver Letwin of the "Common Market 2.0" proposal, which failed at 261 - 282 votes, and reportedly felt "furious", "upset" and "let down" by fellow MPs who had promised to vote in support of his proposal, and at party whips who had attempted to persuade MPs to abstain on the proposal despite declaring it to be a free vote. He stated in his resignation speech that:

 "I have given everything to an attempt to find a compromise that can take this country out of the European Union while maintaining our economic strength and political cohesion. I accept that I have failed. I have failed chiefly because my party refuses to compromise. I regret, therefore, that I can no longer sit for this party." He subsequently described himself as sitting as an "Independent Progressive Conservative" before leaving Parliament when it was dissolved ahead of the 12 December 2019 election, which he did not contest.Policy positions

<mask> has called for the forming of a "national liberal" faction within the Conservative Party formed of social liberals with conservative fiscal views, and suggested some Conservative candidates might benefit from running for election under that name to win over voters who did not consider themselves conservatives. In July 2012, <mask> used a speech at the Resolution Foundation think tank to call for:
An end to winter fuel payments, free prescriptions, free bus travel and free TV licences for better-off pensioners;
A postponement of deciding on full implementation of Andrew Dilnot's solution to the future funding of social care until the next comprehensive spending review;
A cut of £10.5 billion from welfare bills by 2016–17 and devising a better solution to support parenting of young children than the Sure Start programme which he describes as "demonstrably ineffective". <mask> is a member of the Henry Jackson Society, a think tank which advocates an interventionist approach to foreign policy. In 2012, <mask> was listed as a participant in that year's Bilderberg Group meeting. <mask> supported the Remain campaign in the European Union membership referendum in 2016. <mask> favours a Norway-style relationship between the UK and the EU after Brexit and strongly opposes a no deal Brexit. <mask> said "if at any point between now and 29 March [2019] the government were to announce that 'no deal' Brexit had become its policy, I would immediately resign the Conservative whip and vote in any way necessary to stop it from happening."<mask> supports Land Value Tax. <mask>, who had suffered a life-threatening illness before supporting the campaign, is the chairman of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Choice at the End of Life, which believes that terminally ill patients should have the right to an assisted death. Personal life
<mask> is gay and entered a civil partnership in May 2011. <mask> claimed £930.60 in Parliamentary expenses for Hebrew lessons so that he could better communicate with his Israeli boyfriend Shay Meshulam. Following public criticism, he donated money equivalent to the amount spent on the lessons to three local charities in his constituency. <mask>'s sister, <mask>, married  Dudley Fishburn, a former member of Parliament. Bibliography

See also
 Norway-plus model

References

External links

 Ethos Journal Isabel Hardman profiles <mask> MP

|-

1965 births
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Gay politicians
LGBT members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
LGBT politicians from England
Living people
Politics of Grantham
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Independent members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
People educated at Winchester College
Georgist politicians

masks:
Nicholas Edward Coleridge Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Jack Boles
Dennis Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Nick Gibb
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Boles
Victoria Boles
Nick Boles