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<mask> (Chinese name: 马蒂索夫 Mǎdìsuǒfū or 马提索夫 Mǎtísuǒfū; born July 14, 1937) is Professor Emeritus of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a noted authority on Tibeto-Burman languages and other languages of mainland Southeast Asia. Education
<mask> was born July 14, 1937, in Boston, Massachusetts, to a working-class family. He attended Harvard from 1954 to 1959, where he met his wife, <mask>, later a scholar of Japanese literature, when the two shared a Japanese class. He received two degrees from Harvard: an A.B. in Romance Languages and Literatures (1958) and an A.M. in French Literature (1959). He then studied Japanese at International Christian University from 1960 to 1961.He did his doctoral studies in Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, where Mary Haas, co-founder of the department, was then chair. Haas had been a student of Edward Sapir while at University of Chicago and Yale University, and through her own extensive research in descriptive and documentary linguistics had become a specialist in Native American languages and an authority on Thai. Haas was instrumental in <mask>'s decision to research a language of mainland Southeast Asia for his dissertation. <mask>'s doctoral dissertation was a grammar of the Lahu language, a Tibeto-Burman language belonging to the Loloish branch of the family. He spent a year in northern Thailand doing field work on Lahu during his graduate studies with support from a Fulbright-Hays Fellowship. He completed his PhD in Linguistics in 1967, and made several field studies thereafter through an American Council of Learned Societies fellowship. His Grammar of Lahu is notable both for its depth of detail and the theoretical eclecticism which informed his description of the language.He later published an extensive dictionary of Lahu (1988) and a corresponding English-Lahu lexicon (2006). Career
After four years teaching at Columbia University (1966–1969), <mask> accepted a professorship at Berkeley. At Berkeley, his research has encompassed a wide range of topics, from historical and comparative linguistics to tonal phenomena, variational semantics, language contact, Yiddish, and Tibeto-Burman morphosyntax. Before his retirement, he taught classes on the Linguistics of Southeast Asia, Tibeto-Burman Linguistics, Historical Semantics, Morphology, and Field Methods. In Field Methods, graduate students learn the methods of language description through eliciting data from a native speaker. The languages studied in <mask>’s field methods classes in different years include:  Lai Chin, Sherpa, and Uighur, among numerous others. He edited the journal Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area for many years (subsequently edited by his student Randy LaPolla, then by LaPolla's student Alec Coupe).<mask> participated in establishing  the International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, an annual conference held since 1968. Coined terms
<mask> has coined a number of terms used in linguistics, including tonogenesis, rhinoglottophilia, Sinosphere and Indosphere, Cheshirisation, which refers to the trace remains of an otherwise disappeared sound in a word, and sesquisyllabic to describe the iambic stress pattern of words in languages spoken in Southeast Asia, such as the Mon–Khmer languages. STEDT
In 1987, <mask> began the Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) project, an historical linguistics project aimed at producing an etymological dictionary of Sino-Tibetan organized by semantic field. The project maintains a large, publicly accessible lexical database of nearly one million records with data on Sino-Tibetan languages from over 500 sources. This database is used to identify and mark cognates for the purposes of better understanding the historical development of the Sino-Tibetan language family and the subgroupings of the languages therein, and to reconstruct the theoretical proto-language of the language family, Proto-Sino-Tibetan. <mask> has authored two monographs so far presenting results from the STEDT project:  The Tibeto-Burman Reproductive System:  Toward an Etymological Thesaurus (2008) and The Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman (2003, 800 p.). Although <mask> retired from Berkeley in 2002, he continues to publish extensively and was Principal Investigator for the STEDT project until its end in 2015.In 2015, the final print and software releases for STEDT were disseminated to the public, concluding the decades-long Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT). See also
Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus
Proto-Tibeto-Burman language

References

Bibliography

 <mask>, J. (1972). "Lahu nominalization, relativization, and genitivization". John Kimball, (ed. ), Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 1, 237-57.Studies in Language Series. New York:  Seminar Press. <mask>, J. (1972). The Loloish tonal split revisited. <mask>, J. (1973)."Tonogenesis in Southeast Asia". Larry M. Hyman, (ed. ), Consonant Types and Tone, 71-95. Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics, No. 1. Los Angeles:  UCLA. <mask>, J.(1973). The grammar of Lahu, 2 ed. 1982. <mask>, J. (1975). "Rhinoglottophilia:  The mysterious connection between nasality and glottality". Charles Ferguson, Larry M. Hyman, and John Ohala, (eds.), Nasálfest:  Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, 265-87. Stanford, California:  Stanford University Language Universals Project. <mask>, J. (1978). Variational semantics in Tibeto-Burman: The 'organic' approach to linguistic comparison. <mask>, J. (1979).Blessings, curses, hopes, and fears: Psycho-ostensive expressions in Yiddish, 2 ed., 2000. <mask>, J. (1988). The dictionary of Lahu. <mask>, J. (1991). "Areal and universal dimensions of grammatization in Lahu."Elizabeth C. Traugott & Bernd Heine (eds. ), Approaches to Grammaticalization, 1991, Vol. II, 383–453. <mask>, J. (1997). Sino-Tibetan Numeral Systems: prefixes, protoforms and problems, 1997. <mask>, J.(2003). Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: system and philosophy of Sino-Tibetan reconstruction. <mask>, J. (2003). "Lahu". Graham Thurgood and Randy LaPolla, (eds. ), The Sino-Tibetan Languages, 208-221.London and New York:  Routledge. <mask>, J. (2003). "Southeast Asian Languages". William Frawley and Bernard Comrie, (eds. ), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Vol. IV, 126-130.New York and Oxford:  Oxford University Press. <mask>, J. (2006). English-Lahu Lexicon. University of California Publications in Linguistics, Vol. 139. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London:  University of California Press.<mask>, J. (2008). The Tibeto-Burman Reproductive System: Toward an Etymological Thesaurus. With comments on Chinese comparanda by Zev J. Handel. University of California Publications in Linguistics, Vol 140. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London:  University of California Press. External links

Personal page at the STEDT project website
Faculty page at the UC Berkeley Department of Linguistics
Full list of publications
STEDT project page
The Tibeto-Burman Reproductive System: Toward an Etymological Thesaurus
English-Lahu Lexicon
2017 interview at ICSTLL 50

1937 births
Living people
Linguists from the United States
Linguists of Southeast Asian languages
Linguists of Sino-Tibetan languages
Harvard University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Columbia University faculty

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James Alan Matisoff
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<mask> (born September 11, 1987) is an American mixed martial artist who formerly competed in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship and last competed in Eagle FC. Background
Born in Blackwell, Oklahoma, in 1987, <mask> and his brother Keith were adopted in 1989 and moved west, settling in the small town of Visalia, California. As an adult, <mask> found out through social media that he has also a sister and met his biological parents for the first time in 2018. After a standout high school wrestling career at Mount Whitney High School, <mask> went on to wrestle at Bakersfield College and Menlo College where he was a two time All American. Mixed martial arts career

Regional circuit
While home for the summer during college, <mask>'s friend invited him to a mixed martial arts gym in Exeter, California, to give it a try. He quickly found out that he enjoyed fighting and took his first professional fight only a few weeks after beginning training. Over the course of the next two years, <mask>, still wrestling in college, would take a total of three professional fights, despite not having been trained extensively in any discipline other than wrestling.Still, he managed to begin his MMA career with a 3–0 start. After graduating from college, <mask> had a lot of regrets about not meeting his potential as a college wrestler. Upon moving back to Visalia, California, he found a local gym called Elite Team Visalia under head coach, judo and jiu-jitsu black belt Tom Knox. Over the next several years, <mask> fought on the local circuit while learning the arts of Brazilian jiu-jitsu, muay thai, and boxing. He fought on shows such as Porterville, California's The Warriors Cage, Lemoore, California's Tachi Palace Fights, and made appearances for Nick Diaz's foray into promoting show called WAR MMA as well as for AXSTV's Titan Fighting Championship. Ultimate Fighting Championship
In February 2014, riding a six-fight win streak, <mask> was signed by the UFC as a short-notice replacement to fight fellow newcomer Aljamain Sterling on February 22, 2014 at UFC 170. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision.<mask> faced Johnny Bedford on June 28, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 44, replacing an injured Rani Yahya. <mask> won the fight via TKO 38 seconds into the first round. <mask> faced Manvel Gamburyan on September 27, 2014 at UFC 178. <mask> lost the fight via submission in the second round

<mask> faced Douglas Silva de Andrade on February 22, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 61. He lost the fight by unanimous decision and was subsequently released from the promotion. Post-UFC career
In April 2016 <mask> made his return to the cage after a year off due to injury. <mask> defeated Justin Linn by unanimous decision at The Warriors Cage: Showdown.<mask> then went on to defeat Rolando Velasco to win the Tachi Palace Fights Bantamweight title via unanimous decision at Tachi Palace, Lemoore, California, on May 19, 2016 in the 5 round main event at TPF27: Mayhem. In September 2016 it was announced that <mask> will defend his TPF championship against Kyle Reyes at Tachi Palace Fights 29 on November 3rd. <mask> won the fight by knock out in the second round. On May 18, 2017 <mask> vacated his Bantamweight title and moved up a weight class to fight Adrian Diaz for the TPF Featherweight Championship. He lost the fight via third round submission and retired afterwards. Return from retirement
On September 28th, 2018, <mask> fought in the main event for Legacy Fighting Alliance against Gustavo Erak. He won the fight by unanimous decision.<mask> signed to participate in the Featherweight division of 2019 Professional Fighters League season. However, <mask> was sidelined with bicep and shoulder surgery and was not able to compete. <mask> was scheduled to face John Dodson on July 30, 2021 at XMMA 2. Dodson unfortunately pulled out of the fight due to being involved in a car accident. Canadian prospect Louie Sanoudakis took his place. <mask> won the fight by knock out in just 44 seconds. The bout with Dodson was rescheduled to take place at XMMA 3 on October 23, 2021.<mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> faced Ray Borg on January 28, 2022 at Eagle FC 44: Spong vs. Kharitonov. He lost the bout via unanimous decision. Personal life
<mask> is a U.S. History and economics teacher at Arroyo Grande High School. He has two daughters.

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Cody Michael Gibson
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<mask> (born July 15, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a safety and Corner in the National Football League (NFL). He is a member of the NFL 1990s All-Decade Team. He was the cornerbacks coach for the UCLA Bruins under head coach Rick Neuheisel in 2009 before leaving after one season for family reasons. He was the Pittsburgh Steelers defensive backs coach until February 2018. College career
<mask> played linebacker for the UCLA Bruins from 1985 through 1988. He finished his college career with 45.5 tackles for loss and 25.5 sacks. Those totals, as of the 2016 season, are 1st and 4th in UCLA football history.NFL career
On January 15, 1989, <mask> played in the East-West Shrine Game and was part of the West who lost 24–6 to the East. On January 21, 1989, <mask> was part of Los Angeles Rams' head coach John Robinson's South team that defeated the North 13–12. <mask> played safety in both games as multiple teams were interested in moving him to safety as he was considered to be too small to continue to play linebacker professionally. Pittsburgh Steelers
The Pittsburgh Steelers selected <mask> in the second round (34th overall) of the 1989 NFL Draft. <mask> was the third safety drafted in 1989. The selection of <mask> by the Steelers was immediately labeled a reach by NFL draft analyst Mel Kiper. 1989
On May 10, 1989, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year, $850,000 contract.Head coach Chuck Noll named <mask> the starting strong safety to begin his rookie season, alongside free safety Thomas Everett and cornerbacks Rod Woodson and Dwayne Woodruff. <mask> played his first three seasons under defensive backs coach John Fox. He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Pittsburgh Steelers' season-opening 51–0 loss to the Cleveland Browns. On October 15, 1989, <mask> recorded five combined tackles, made two pass deflections, recovered a fumble, and made his first career interception during a 17–7 win at the Cleveland Browns in Week 6. <mask> made a one-handed interception off of a pass by Browns' quarterback Bernie Kosar. His exceptional performance in Week 6 earned him AFC Defensive Player of the Week Award. In Week 9, <mask> made his first career sack on Broncos' quarterback John Elway in the Steelers' 34–7 loss at the Denver Broncos.He finished his rookie season in 1989 with 70 combined tackles, six fumble recoveries, two forced fumbles, one interception, and one sack in 15 games and 15 starts. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished the season third in the AFC Central with a 9–7 record and earned a wildcard berth. On December 31, 1989, <mask> started in his first career playoff game as the Steelers defeated the Houston Oilers 26–23 in the AFC Wildcard Game. The following week, they lost 24–23 at the Denver Broncos in the AFC Divisional Round. 1990
The Pittsburgh Steelers promoted linebackers coach Dave Brazil to defensive coordinator after Rod Rust accepted the head coaching position with the New England Patriots. Brazil retained <mask> and Thomas Everett as the starting safety tandem in 1990. <mask> started in all 16 games in 1990 and recorded 67 combined tackles, two forced fumbles, a fumble recovery, an interception, and a sack.1991
Head coach Chuck Noll retained <mask> and Thomas Everett as the starting safety tandem in 1991, along with cornerbacks Rod Woodson and D. J. Johnson. On December 27, 1991, Pittsburgh Steelers' head coach Chuck Noll announced his decision to retire after the Steelers finished with a 7–9 record in 1991. He started in all 16 games in 1991 and recorded 83 combined tackles and a sack. 1992
On January 21, 1992, the Pittsburgh Steelers announced the hiring of former Kansas City Chiefs' defensive coordinator Bill Cowher as their new head coach. On January 31, 1992, Cowher announced the hiring of former New Orleans Saints' secondary coach Dom Capers as their new defensive coordinator. On August 24, 1992, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year contract. Head coach Bill Cowher retained <mask> the starting strong safety in 1992.<mask> started alongside free safety Darren Perry and cornerbacks Rod Woodson and D.J. Johnson. He started in all 16 games in 1992 and recorded 85 combined tackles and two sacks. 1993
<mask> and Darren Perry returned as the starting safety duo in 1993 and played under defensive backs coach Dick LeBeau. On September 12, 1993, <mask> collected a season-high 11 combined tackles, but was carted off the field due to an injury as the Steelers lost 27–0 at the Los Angeles Rams in Week 2. His injury sidelined him for the next two games (Weeks 3–4). In Week 13, <mask> recorded six combined tackles and made a season-high two sacks on Oilers quarterback Warren Moon in the Steelers' 23–3 loss at the Houston Oilers.On December 13, 1993, <mask> recorded six combined tackles and made an interception off a pass by Dolphins' quarterback Steve DeBerg during a 21–20 victory at the Miami Dolphins in Week 13. He finished the season with 91 combined tackles, five sacks, a career-high four interceptions, two fumble recoveries, and a forced fumble in 14 games and 14 starts. 1994
Head coach Bill Cowher retained <mask> and Darren Perry as the starting safeties in 1994. He started in the Pittsburgh Steelers' season-opener against the Dallas Cowboys and recorded a season-high 12 combined tackles in their 26–9 loss. On December 16, 1994, it was announced that <mask> was selected to play in the 1995 Pro Bowl as the Starting Strong Safety, to mark the first Pro Bowl selection of his career. He started in all 16 games in 1994 and recorded 68 combined tackles, three forced fumbles, one fumble recovery, a sack, and an interception. 1995
On February 15, 1995, the Pittsburgh Steelers chose to apply their franchise tag to <mask>.August 15, 1995, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a four-year, $9.20 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $2 million. <mask> and Darren Perry returned as the starting safeties to begin the regular season. In Week 6, he collected a season-high eight combined tackles during a 20–16 loss at the Jacksonville Jaguars. On October 19, 1995, <mask> was moved to cornerback and replaced Alvoid Mays after the Pittsburgh Steelers' defense allowed Bengals' quarterback Jeff Blake to throw three touchdown passes during a 49–31 win at the Cincinnati Bengals. Head coach Bill Cowher moved <mask> to cornerback for the remained of the season as a replacement for Rod Woodson who tore his ACL in the season-opener against the Detroit Lions. On December 15, 1995, it was announced that <mask> was selected to the 1996 Pro Bowl as a safety. <mask> started in all 16 games in 1995 and recorded 63 combined tackles, 1.5 sacks, one interception, a forced fumble, and fumble recovery.He started in last name regular season games at cornerback. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished first in the AFC Central with an 11–5 record and earned a first round bye. On January 6, 1996, <mask> recorded five combined tackles and intercepted a pass by Bills' quarterback Jim Kelly during a  40–21 win against the Buffalo Bills in the AFC Divisional Round. The following week, the Pittsburgh Steelers defeated the Indianapolis Colts 20–16 in the AFC Championship Game. On January 28, 1996, <mask> recorded five combined tackles as the Steelers lost 27–17 to the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl XXX. 1996
On December 13, 1996, it was announced that <mask> was selected to play in the 1997 Pro Bowl, marking the third consecutive Pro Bowl selection or his career. 1997
In 1997, <mask> was named AFC Defensive Player of the year.For the second time, <mask> played the majority of the season at corner. <mask> received a vote for MVP from Sports Illustrated writer Peter King, which created a situation where Barry Sanders and Brett Favre tied for the award that season. Jacksonville Jaguars
In 1999, <mask> departed the Pittsburgh Steelers and joined the Jacksonville Jaguars in free agency. The Jaguars signed <mask> to a four-year, $18 million contract which made him the highest paid safety in the league. <mask> was moved to a new position as Free safety, making the Pro Bowl for a fifth time. He was reunited with Jaguars' defensive coordinator Dom Capers, who had previously held the same position with the Pittsburgh Steelers. On August 17, 2000, <mask> underwent surgery on a recurring injury to his left foot and was expected to miss the entire 2000 NFL season.<mask> elected to have a bone graft and had a piece of his hip bone grafted to his injured left foot. <mask> had undergone a surgery on his foot in March due to a stress fracture in the navicular bone near his ankle. He underwent another surgery on the foot in May and returned to training camp in August. On September 2, 2001, the Jaguars released <mask> in a salary cap-related maneuver. Baltimore Ravens
On September 11, 2001, the Baltimore Ravens signed <mask> to a one-year, $477,000 contract at the veteran minimum. <mask> was reunited Baltimore Ravens' defensive coordinator Marvin Lewis, who was a linebackers coach with the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1992–1995, and former teammates Rod Woodson and Leon Searcy. Coaching career
In summer 2009, <mask>, along with former Steeler Greg Lloyd, was a coaching intern at the Philadelphia Eagles training camp at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.In June 2010, <mask> was hired by Jerry Simon to be the assistant coach of the Marina High School boys' basketball team. On March 7, 2011, <mask> was hired as the Pittsburgh Steelers defensive backs coach. He left that position as of February 7, 2018, to "return to California to be a part of his youngest son’s last year of high school football". Personal life
<mask> grew up primarily in Southern California. <mask> did, however, live in the San Francisco Bay Area for three years (1979–1981) and attended Bowditch Middle School in Foster City, California. There he also played Pop Warner Football where he was a stand-out tailback and cornerback for those two years. Carnell attended Culver City High School, where he played varsity football for three years.He started on both sides of the ball as running back and linebacker. He also attended elementary school in Culver City prior to his move to San Francisco. He and his wife, Monica, have three children. <mask> and his family live in Irvine, California. <mask> is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, an African American Greek-letter fraternity. As of the end of the 2020 season, his son, Quentin, plays defensive back at UCLA. See also
2009 UCLA Bruins football team

References

External links

 UCLA Bruins coaching bio

1967 births
Living people
American football safeties
American football cornerbacks
UCLA Bruins football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Baltimore Ravens players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Salt Lake City

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<mask> (; born 1952 in Lhasa, Tibet) is a Tibetan painter. He fled Tibet with his family after the uprising against the Chinese in 1959, escaping into India as refugees. He studied drawing and painting through his school years in India. In 1973 <mask> studied thanka painting with a master of traditional Tibetan thanka painting in Nepal. Since then he has been making paintings based on Tibetan Buddhist deities. In 1981 <mask> migrated to Australia, and now lives in the bush north of Kyogle with his wife and son. <mask> Palermo Refugee Art Exhibition Uniting Church Sydney (1-5/2); Holroyd City Council Exhibition Space Sydney (1-31/8).2012 Festival of Tibet Brisbane Powerhouse, Brisbane Australia (1-5/2). 2011 Nine Pillars. Contemporary Art Studio, Amsterdam Netherlands (opens 17/12)

2011 Jigyasa. International Centre Goa, Dona Paula, Goa India (5-10/11)

2011 Tibetan Contemporary Art: Tantric Vision in Modern Self-Expression. Tibet House US, New York NY USA (14/09-15/11)

2011 Festival of Tibet Brisbane Powerhouse, Brisbane Australia (3-5/2). 2010-11	Time Is With Us Roxy Gallery, Kyogle Arts Council, Kyogle NSW Australia (14/12-29/01)

2010 Festival of Tibet Brisbane Powerhouse, Brisbane (27-31/1); Sydney (19-21/2); Town Hall, Beaudesert Australia (12-14/5) . 2009 Tibet Art Now Tibet Art Gallery in the Temple, Amsterdam, Netherlands, (3/6-5/7)

2009 Tibet Art Now Okura Hotel, Amsterdam, Netherlands, (3/6-6/6)

2007 Classic Art and Sculpture Artspace, Bangalow NSW Australia (16-27/8).2007 The Luminescent Ground Wollongong City Gallery, NSW Australia (22/6-5/8). 2007 Buddha 2550 Years The Exhibition Melbourne Town Hall, Melbourne, Australia (26/2-4/3). 2006 Mystical Art Brisbane Powerhouse, Brisbane, Australia (19-24/9), C & I Hall, Bangalow NSW Australia (25-30/9). 2006 Karma Phuntsok and Birgitte Hanson Dharma Studio, Coconut Grove, Miami Fl.USA (6/5-2/6+). 2006 Visions of Tibet Bendigo, Victoria Australia (April–June). 2006 Waves on the Turquoise Lake: Contemporary Expressions of Tibetan Art CU Art Museum, Boulder CO USA (14/9-20/10). 2005 Rethinking Tradition: Contemporary Tibetan Artists in the West Emory U.Visual Arts Gallery, Atlanta USA (28/10-3/12). 2005 Tibet Art Exhibition Queen's Hall, Parliament House, Melbourne Australia (14-16/6). 2005 Old Soul, New Art Tibet House, New York NY USA (25/2-6/5); ICT, Washington DC (12/5-12/7). 2004 Tibet in a Red Box Metro Arts, Main Gallery, Brisbane City, Australia (10-17/3). 2004 Breath of Tibet: Shangrila in Our Midst People of the World Gallery, Otago Museum, Dunedin SI New Zealand (March–May). 2003 Pathway to Enlightenment: Art of Tibet from Australian Collections Perc Tucker Regional Gallery, Townsville Qld Australia (5/9-2/11). 2003 Isle of Refuge Ivan Dougherty Gallery UNSW, Sydney, Australia (12/6-19/7)

2003 The Touring Blake Exhibition ACU National Gallery, Strathfield Campus, Sydney, Australia (29/5-21/6)

2002-03 Blake Prize Exhibition Casula Powerhouse Arts Centre, Sydney Australia 6/12-26/1)

2002 Towards a Free Tibet Span Galler, Melbourne Australia(30/4-4/5)

2001-02 Blake Prize Exhibition, S H Ervin Gallery, National Trust Centre, Observatory Hill, Sydney.2001-02 The Natives Are Friendly Kyogle Arts Council, Roxy Gallery, Kyogle NSW Australia (23/11-16/1). 2001 Expressions of Faith by Shenpen Australia, Odiyana Centre, Melbourne Australia (16-25/11). 2001 Buddhas and Bodhisattvas Parkham Place Gallery Sydney Australia (9/11-?) 2001-02 Buddha: Radiant Awakening Art Gallery of NSW Sydney Australia (10/11-24/2). 2001-02 My Le Thi & Tim Johnson Yab Yum AGNSW Contemporary projects, Art Gallery of NSW Sydney Australia (10/11-13/1). 2001 Three Views of Emptiness; Buddhism and the art of Tim Johnson, Lindy Lee and Peter Tyndall Monash University Museum of Art Melbourne Australia (9/10-24/11). 2001   10/4 Tibetan Freedom Festival: Survival of the Spirit at Boggo Rd Gaol, Brisbane Qld Australia

2000 27/10-22/11 Woghun by Kyogle Arts Council, Roxy Gallery, Kyogle NSW Australia

1999 27-28/11 Expressions of Faith by Dzogchen Shri senha Charitable Society, at Olevano, Vaucluse NSW.1999 9/9-26/1/2000 The Third Asia-Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art at Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane Qld Australia

1999 7-15/5/99 Fine Arts Time in’99 Kyogle Arts Council, Kyogle NSW Australia. 1998 26/11-19/12/98 Members Exhibition - Gallery 4A, Sydney NSW. 1998 11-28 Nov. Tim Johnson & Karma Phuntsok at Bellas Gallery, Brisbane QLD. 1998-99 ways of being - Ivan Dougherty Gallery, University of NSW, Paddington Sydney NSW, touring 1999. 1997 21 June–October. Inside International Art Exhibition by Project Group Stoffwechsel, University of Kassel, Germany. 1997 23–31 May.Art Attack 97 Exhibition by Kyogle Arts Council, Kyogle NSW. 1995 Tibetan Fair - Powerhouse Museum, Sydney NSW Australia. 1995 Arts Alive in '95 - Kyogle Arts Council - Memorial Hall, Kyogle NSW Australia. 1994 Postcodes, Arts Council NSW, Sydney then rural circuit May to Dec.

1994 Kyogle Visual Arts Council Exhibition - The Chocolate Factory, Lismore NSW Australia. 1994 North Coast Art Show 1993-94 -The Epicentre, Byron Bay NSW Australia. 1993 St. Mary's Art Show - St. Mary's College, Toowoomba QLD Australia (Sept.). 1993 Australian Craft Show, Sydney NSW Australia.1993 Tibetan Fair at Sydney University, Sydney NSW Australia. 1993 Orange Regional Gallery. Exhibited with Tim Johnson. 1993 Ninth Biennale of Sydney - Art Gallery of NSW, Sydney NSW Australia. 1993 Mori Gallery, Leichhardt (Sydney) NSW Australia. 1992 Fairy Mount Festival Exhibition, Memorial Hall, Kyogle NSW Australia. 1992 Tibetan Carnival- Sydney University, Sydney NSW Australia.1992 The Living Mandala - Access Gallery, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne-Victoria-Australia. 1991 Art Works for Living - Memorial Hall, Kyogle NSW Australia. 1991 Tibetan Fair - Sydney University, Sydney NSW Australia. 1990 Exhibition Year of Tibet Exhibition - Sydney University, Sydney NSW Australia. 1989 Tibet Himalaya Festival - Melbourne, Victoria Australia. 1989 1989 Arts and Craft Exhibition - Memorial Hall, Kyogle NSW Australia. 1987-1989 Annual Fairy Mount Art Exhibition, Kyogle NSW Australia.1989 Tibetan Carnivale - Ku-ring-gai Community Art Centre, Roseville, NSW Australia. 1987 Festival of Tibet - Melbourne, Victoria Australia. 1987 Bentleigh Art Exhibition - Bentleigh Hall, Bentleigh, NSW Australia. Public collections
Lowe Art Museum (Miami, USA), Perc Tucker Regional Gallery (Townsville, Australia), Queensland Art Gallery, Melbourne University, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Amnye Machen Institute (Dharamshala, India) Various Buddhist Centres worldwide

Art prizes
 Mossman Art Prize (1999)
 SCEGGS Redlands Art Prize (1999)

Selected bibliography
Allica, Greer, Meditation Workbook, David Lovell Publishing, Victoria, Australia, 1990, cover. Amnye Machen Institute, Continuum, The Paintings of Karma Phuntsok, Amnye Machen Institute, Dharamshala India, 1999. Dondrup, Tsering, "A Show to Delight the Masses", Persimmon, vI, No.3, 2001 Contemporary Asian Culture, New York NY pp. 60–77.Drury, Nevill and Anna Voigt, Fire and Shadow: Spirituality in Contemporary Australian Art, Craftsman House, Roseville East, 1996, pp. 11, 113, 115. Drury, Nevill and Anna Voigt, Bringing It All Back Home, G+B Arts International, Singapore, #4, 1996, p. 38-43. Chee, Linda, Lauren Broos and Lisa Slade, In The Picture: Framing the Visual Arts, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1995, p. 45-47. Drury, Nevill, Images 2, Contemporary Australian Painting, Craftsman House, Roseville East, 1994. Plate 157. Green, Charles, "Tim Johnson", Art + Text - No.46, Sept 1993, Art + Text Pty. Ltd, Paddington, NSW. p. 82. Guggenheim Foundation, Antipodean Currents: Ten contemporary Artists from Australia, New York NY, 1995, p. 59. "La creacion artistica de Karma", Planeta Humano , No.12, Feb 1999, Planeta Humano S.L., Madrid, Spain, p. 14. Lake, D., "Living Mandalas", Craft Arts International, No. 28, 1993, Craft-Art Pty Ltd, Sydney.pp. 55-57. Monash University Museum of art. Three Views of Emptiness; Buddhism and the art of Tim Johnson, Lindy Lee and Peter Tyndall Catalogue 10/2001 Edition 500 Monash University Museum of Art, Melbourne Australia pp. 12, 13, 23, 29, 30. New York Spirit, May 2005, cover. Park, A., Fox, S.O.and Clarke, S., Beyond Black and White, The many faces of Australia, Portside Ed., Melbourne, 1995. pp. 100-101. Steiner, M., "Tibetan Artist in Exile", Simply Living, Vol.3,No.10, Otter Publications, Terrey Hills NSW. pp. 48-52. "Thangka Artist Karma Phuntsok", TAASA Review: The Journal of the Asian Arts Society of Australia, vol. 8, no.4, Dec 1999, ‘Special issue on Buddhism’, p 23. "Ways of Being", Artreach, Summer 1998, Arts Council of New South Wales, p. 29. Professional activities
Tuition and courses have been given to many private individuals, communities and Commonwealth Youth Support Schemes, since coming to Australia. Collaborative works (mostly with Tim Johnson since 1992) have appeared in various exhibitions and publications (not listed here). References

Links
About Karma Phuntsok: Gallery Metanoia

Collaboration with Tim Johnson

People from Lhasa
Australian people of Tibetan descent
1952 births
Buddhist artists
Living people
Tibetan painters
Australian painters
Tibetan Buddhist art and culture

masks:
Karma Phuntsok
Karma
Karma
Karmarmaio


text_chunks:
<mask> AO (1 November 1911, in Campbelltown – 20 March 2002, in Hobart) was an Australian geologist and a professor at the University of Tasmania. He was an early advocate of the theory of continental drift. His work on plate tectonics reconstructions led him to develop the Expanding Earth hypothesis. Biography
<mask> was born in New South Wales and grew up on a farm three miles from Campbelltown. The family was to move to the town centre, saving the young <mask> the walk to school. An interest in physics and chemistry during high school was to lead to selection of both subjects when he attended the University of Sydney in 1929. Mathematics was required and he was encouraged to study geology as his fourth subject, a department still under the influence of retired Professor Edgeworth David.He started a student Geology club as he became attracted to the subject's mixture of laboratory and field work; David gave the inaugural speech. Along with classmates Alan Voisey and Dorothy York, he was to earn high distinctions at the University. He also joined the Sydney University Regiment. His Masters and Honours degree were based on four papers on the Werris Creek area. He received his MSc in 1934. It was at this time that <mask> read the 1924 translation of Wegener's The Origin of Continents and Oceans, the book largely responsible for introducing the concept of continental drift to English-speaking academics. He was to become a key figure in advancing this concept and plate tectonic models that followed.<mask> was prevented from taking a research scholarship to Cambridge in 1933. Instead, aged 23, he joined Oil Search in the Sepik District of Papua New Guinea where he worked with a team led by G.A.V. Stanley, mapping the surface geology for indications of subsurface oil. The Sepik is where the Australian Tectonic Plate collides with the Pacific Plate and confirmed for <mask>, many of his ideas about what is now known as plate tectonics. The work involved long periods in jungle covered hill country, field working from temporary camps, managing carrier lines and dealing with villagers. All supplies were carried in from the bases at Matapau and Aitape on the coast. The mapping involved surveyors drawing base maps at scales of six inches to the mile, using what was then the most up to date geographical techniques (radio time signals and sextants to observe stars) and geologists, including <mask>, plotting the geology onto the maps from exposures in the banks of streams.<mask> was in the field when a magnitude 6.3 earthquake with an epicentre near Aitape occurred which devastated the inland villages and the tracks over the coastal mountains. He published a paper reporting on the event in The Australian Geographer. After four years in Papua New Guinea, <mask> returned to Sydney and wrote and submitted a thesis for a Doctor of Science degree, entitled Tectonic Evolution of New Guinea and Melanesia. The degree was awarded in 1939. He returned to Papua New Guinea and worked there on oil exploration until the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1942. In 1940 he married Austral Robson, with whom he had four children. <mask> served in World War II as a Captain in the special forces unit Z Force, developing a bold plan using small teams in folding kayaks to mine ships in an enemy harbour.This operation (Scorpion) became obsolete but <mask> secretly tested his plan by infiltrating Townsville harbour, placing dummy limpet mines on American ships. After the war, <mask> was a highly regarded contributor to geology and his many contributions to the emerging theories and proposals were often in advance of the accepted view. Maps and data produced from his field work in New Guinea were sought after by engineers and fellows. He backed the moving of continents proposed by Alfred Wegener and decided on the expanding Earth idea as the mechanism for this and was the main proponent of this hypothesis. <mask>'s expanding earth bears many resemblances to the current model, including supercontinents dividing and going adrift, zones of new crust being generated in deep oceanic ridges, and other phenomena of a still active crust. His hypothesis gave the mechanism for this as an expanding earth; whereas the new hypothesis of plate tectonics accounted for it with subduction. However, in principle, there is nothing incompatible between expansion, on a global scale, and subduction, on a local, or, regional scale, as discussed in detail by Andrew Kugler, who described the difference between subduction and overthrusting, which he argued can be discerned based on tectonic mapping, a distinction that is not generally recognized by most geoscientists.Although the expanding Earth hypothesis is nearly universally rejected by geoscientists, it has been defended recently based on detailed small-earth modeling by Klaus Vogel and James Maxlow and by many others worldwide based on other relevant data. Despite the eventual acceptance of the plate movement and subduction paradigm over <mask>'s hypothesis, he is widely regarded as making substantial contributions to the field of tectonics and having considerable influence in the initial acceptance of continental drift over a static model. In 1946, he became the founding professor of geology at the University of Tasmania. He retired from this position 30 years later in 1976. In the Australia Day Honours list of 1977, <mask> was awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia for his services to the field of geology. He, and a small number of other researchers, continued to support and investigate expanding earth models. <mask> developed his expanding earth model independently of the prior work by Ott Christoph Hilgenberg, who proposed a similar model in his 1933 publication "Vom wachsenden Erdball" ("The Expanding Earth").<mask> only learned of Hilgenberg's work in 1956. Legacy

The Geological Society of Australia's S. W. Carey Medal, for work in the field of tectonics (sensu lato), has been awarded at the biennial Australian Geological Convention since 1992. Publications
BooksThe Expanding Earth, 448 pp., Elsevier, Amsterdam 1976
Theories of the Earth and Universe, 413 pp., Stanford University Press. 1988
Earth Universe Cosmos - University of Tasmania. 1996

Essays1958: The tectonic approach to continental drift. In: S. W<mask> (ed. ): Continental Drift – A Symposium.University of Tasmania, Hobart, 177-363 (expanding Earth from p. 311 to p. 349)
1961. Palaeomagnetic evidence relevant to a change in the Earth's radius. Nature 190, pp 36. 1963: The asymmetry of the Earth. Australian Journal of Science 25, pp 369-383 and 479-488. 1970: Australia, New Guinea, and Melanesia in the current revolution in concepts of the evolution of the Earth. Search 1 (5), pp 178-189
1975: The Expanding Earth – an Essay Review.Earth Science Reviews, 11, 105-143. 1986: La Terra in espansione. Laterza, Bari. References

External links
 ABC interview transcript
 Bright Sparcs biography of <mask> <mask> published by the Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre
 <mask>, Last of the Giants

1911 births
2002 deaths
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
20th-century Australian geologists
Officers of the Order of Australia
Z Special Unit personnel
Australian Army officers
Tectonicists

masks:
Samuel Warren Carey
Samuel Warren Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
. Carey
Samuel Warren
Carey
Warren Carey


text_chunks:
<mask><mask> (born August 15, 1937) is a Canadian economist and editor of the World Happiness Report. He is a Senior Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) and Co-Director of the CIFAR Programme on Social Interactions, Identity, and Well-Being;  Board Director of the International Positive Psychology Association, and Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of British Columbia. <mask>'s early research heavily focused on developing national and global econometric models for studying national economies and their international linkages, including integrating energy considerations into models, for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bank of Canada, the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, and the International Project Link, the latter led by Nobel Laureate, Lawrence Klein. (For a history of how central banks, and especially the Bank of Canada, developed macro econometric models in the 1960s and 1970s, see the Bank of Canada Review publication From Flapper to Bluestocking: What Happened to the Young Woman of Wellington Street?). During his tenure at Harvard from 1991–1996 as a Mackenzie King Chair of Canadian Studies between 1991–1994, and Fulbright Fellow and Chair of the Canada Seminar 1995–1996, he conducted research in collaboration with Robert Putnam in the study of social capital as a measure of the social linkages that help communities to operate effectively. This work lead to research into using measures of subjective well-being to provide a broader way of measuring human progress. <mask> subsequently collaborated with other researchers in the emerging field, including Robert Putnam, Ed Diener, Daniel Kahneman, Richard Layard, and a wide variety of other researchers and practitioners.The World Happiness Report grew out of a conference in Thimphu chaired by past Bhutanese Prime Minister Thinley and Jeffrey Sachs, held pursuant to the United Nation's June 2011 General Assembly Resolution 65/309, Happiness: towards a holistic approach to development,  introduced by Bhutan, and in preparation for, and support of, the subsequent High Level Meeting at the United Nation's headquarters in New York City called Happiness and Wellbeing: Defining a New Economic Paradigm held on April 2, 2012. Early life and education
Helliwell was raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, the son of Kathleen Birnie <mask> (maiden name Kerby, born in Grand Forks, British Columbia in 1904) and father <mask><mask> (born Vancouver BC in 1904, a partner of Helliwell, MacLachlan & Co, Chartered Accountants), donor of Helliwell Provincial Park on Hornby Island. He graduated from Prince of Wales High School and attended University of British Columbia where he received a bachelor of arts in commerce in 1959, graduating as a valedictorian. In 1959, he was a British Columbia Rhodes Scholar to Oxford, where he read for the Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) with a specialization in philosophy at St. John’s College, Oxford and received a first class in 1961. He received a Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) in economics from Nuffield College, Oxford’s graduate college for the social sciences, with his thesis entitled The Investment Process, submitted in 1965 and received in 1966 based on research he conducted for the Royal Commission on Banking and Finance (1964) and the Royal Commission on Taxation (1966), in both cases studying how firms make decisions to invest in plant, equipment, and research. A revised version of the thesis published by Oxford University Press entitled Public Policies and Private Investment in 1968. Academic career
Helliwell was appointed Associate Professor of Economics at the University of British Columbia in 1967, becoming Professor in 1971 and Professor Emeritus in 2003.(His interview is part of the University of British Columbia Legacy project.). He served as head of the University of British Columbia economics department between 1989–1991 and member of the University of British Columbia Senate between 1989–1991 and 1999–2002. Helliwell was a Fulbright Fellow and co-chair of the Canada Program at Harvard University between 1995 – 1996. In 2003, he was a visiting research fellow of Merton College, Oxford, in 2001 he was a Christensen Fellow at St. Catherine's College, Oxford, and Killam Visiting Scholar at the University of Calgary in 2005. Professional activities
<mask> has served in a wide range of official advisory posts over the years, including membership on the Royal Commission on National Passenger Transportation between 1989–1992, senior advisor to the secretary general of the OECD between 1983–84, chair of economic advisory panel to the Canadian Minister of Finance between 1982–84, and president of the Canadian Economics Association between 1985–86. He was a board member for the Institute for Research in Public Policy between 1999–2007 and he served as a board member of Social Research and Demonstration Corporation between 2002 – 2015. Between 2003–2004, he served as special advisor at the Bank of Canada, and between 2002–2010, he was on the International Advisory Board for the Centre for International Governance Innovation.He was a member of Canadian National Statistics Council between 2001–2015. He was an advisory forum member to the United Kingdom Office of National Statistics, and was on the advisory committee of the Ditchley Foundation. He also served as a member of the Steering Group for the Center for Economic Performance and Arthur A.E. Child Foundation Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Personal life
Helliwell lives with his wife, Judith Millie <mask>,  a trained nurse at Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal. They married in 1969 and have two sons, David and James. They currently live British Columbia, Canada.Over the course of their marriage, they have lived and worked in their respective fields in Cambridge, London, Ottawa, Oxford, Stockholm, Sydney and Paris. Honors and awards
In 2017, <mask> was made a Distinguished Fellow of CIFAR. In 2014, on behalf of the World Happiness Report, together with Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs, he was granted the International Society for Quality of Life Standards' Award for the Betterment of the Human Condition. His other awards include:
 Canada Council Doctoral Fellowship, 1962–64
 Killam Senior Research Fellowship, Canada Council, 1970
 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, 1976
 Certificate of Merit for Excellence in Teaching, UBC, 1977 (Master Teacher Awards)
 Jacob Biely Research Prize, U.B.C., 1978
 Faculty of Commerce, U.B.C., Distinguished Alumnus Award 1979
 Killam Research Prize, U.B.C., 1987
 Officer of the Order of Canada, 1987
 125th Anniversary Medal, Canada, 1992
 Honorary Doctor of Letters, University of Guelph, 1994
 U.B.C. 75th Anniversary Award
 Douglas Purvis Prize 1999
 Honorary Doctor of Laws, McMaster University, 2000
 Honorary Doctor of Letters, University of New Brunswick, 2001
 Queen's Golden Jubilee Award, Canada, 2003
 Donner Prize, 2002-3. Speaking engagements
<mask> is a frequent keynote and panel speaker at international conferences and other events. His talks include Using Happiness Research to Better Adapt at TEDx Brentwood College School in 2016, The Truth about Happiness at the OMSSA Human Services Integration Policy Conference in 2013, and Freedom Brings Happiness at the Dalai Lama Center for Peace and Education in 2012.He has also spoken at the World Government Summit in 2017, as a plenary speaker for the Regional Studies Association in 2015, at the Social Identity Conference in 2014, the Gallup Positive Psychology Summit in Washington in 2006, the Gross National Happiness conferences in Nova Scotia in 2005 and Brazil 2009, the Development Conference in Celebration of the Diamond Jubilee of the Indian Statistical Institute in New Delhi in 2007, International Forum on Well-Being and Development Policy in Guadalajara in 2014, European Meetings of the International Positive Psychology Association held in Amsterdam in 2015. In 2017, he was the keynote speaker for the International Society for Quality of Life Studies (ISQOLS) annual conference. Publications
<mask> has authored, edited and contributed to numerous articles, books, as well as editorials. He was managing editor for the Canadian Journal of Economics between 1979–82, executive editor of the Journal of Asian Economics between 1995–2000, member of editorial board, Canadian Business Economics between 1995–2001, founding member of editorial board of the Canadian Public Policy between 1974–77,  founding member of editorial board of the Journal of Public Economics between1974-90, and has been a member of editorial board of economic modeling since 1994. Books – partial bibliography
 Well-being and Public Policy (2009) with Ed Diener, Richard Lucas, Ulrich Schimmack
 International Differences in Well-Being (2010) with Daniel Kahneman and Ed Diener
 Globalization and Well-being (2003)
 The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-Being (2001)
 How Much Do Borders Matter? Integrating National Economies (1998)
 Long-Run Economic Growth (1996) Edited with Steven Durlauf and Baldev Raj

Articles – partial bibliography
 A Pioneer in Broadening the Use of Subjective Well-Being to Measure and Improve Quality of Life, and in Establishing the Social Sources of Well-Being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, vol 14(1), pages 287–289
Empirical Linkages between Good Governance and National Well-being.Journal of Comparative Economics, vol 46(4), pages 1332-1346, with Haifang Huang, Shawn Grover, Shun Wang . How Durable are Social Norms? Immigrant Trust and Generosity in 132 Countries. Social Indicators Research- An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 128(1), pages 201–219, August., with Shun Wang and Jinwen Xu
 Measuring and Understanding Subjective Well-Being. Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 43, Issue 3, pp.729–753, April 2010, doi: 10.3386/w15887 with Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh. How's Your Government? International Evidence Linking Good Government and Well-Being. British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 38, pp 595–619. 2008, doi:10.3386/w11988 with Haifang Huang. H.
 Well-Being, Social Capital and Public Policy: What's New?The Economic Journal, 116: C34–C45. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01074, 2006
 Good Governance and National Well-being What Are the Linkages? OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, October 2014 doi: 10.1787/5jxv9f651hvj-en with Haifang Huang, Shawn Grover and Shun Wang in collaboration with Mario Marcel, <mask> and Tatyana Teplova

References

Canadian economists
University of British Columbia faculty
Harvard University faculty
Canadian Rhodes Scholars
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
Alumni of Nuffield College, Oxford
Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellows of St Catherine's College, Oxford
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Vancouver
University of British Columbia alumni
Living people
1937 births

masks:
John F
. Helliwell
Helliwell
Helliwell
Helliwell
John L
. Helliwell
Helliwell
Helliwell
Helliwell
Helliwell
Helliwell
Martin Forst


text_chunks:
<mask> ('Stacey') D.Sc FRSSAf. (12 December 1889 – 6 November 1976) was an eminent South African entomologist and naturalist. His career and educational publications covered a wide field. Especially in his later years his main research interest was in social insects and the transitional phases in sociality, particularly in the Hymenoptera and Isoptera. He was also a school inspector, prolific author of scientific and popular books, broadcaster, and conservationist. Of his many achievements his greatest was probably his leading role in the creation of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve between Cape Town and Cape Point. He lived for most of his life in Hout Bay on the Cape Peninsula.Early life
Skaife was born in London, England, to Katherine and John Skaife. He spent his boyhood in Bath, Somerset and went to St Marks Grammar School. Educated at Reading University, England, he initially studied in the Arts, even though his passion lay with Biology. In 1911 he took the Intermediate BA examination of London University because Reading at that stage was not a university and could not confer a degree. He then studied for a Teacher's Diploma and passed it with distinction. In 1912 he went to the University of Leipzig in Germany, at the urging of his uncle. He stayed with the Schober family.During this period he taught English to earn some extra money. In 1913 he went to Cape Town to teach biology at the Rondebosch Boys High School. When World War I broke out in 1914, he tried to enlist for service, but was turned down on medical grounds due to an irregular heart beat, which was later found to be harmless. He was then offered and accepted a post as entomologist at the Rosebank Research Station in Cape Town. Here he worked on insects that fed on stored grain. This was a particularly urgent issue at the time, since large quantities of grain were being stored at the Cape as part of the war effort. Later career
On 29 September 1917 he married Elsie Mary Croft, a pianist.After his marriage he was transferred to the Cedara College of Agriculture in Natal where he worked on bees and wattle bagworm infestation. In 1918 he became the first South African to receive a Carnegie Grant for further study. In 1920 he received an MSc at the Natal University College. From 1921 to 1945 he was the Inspector of Science in the Cape Department of Education. In 1922 he received a PhD from the University of Cape Town for his research on bean weevils or the subfamily Bruchinae. Africa has a rich Bruchid fauna, many of them dependent on thorn trees and other indigenous leguminous plants. In the relaxed railway schedules of the time, he sometimes found opportunities to collect new species from thorn trees during halts.During this period he found time to edit Nature Notes (1924–1931) and become one of the first people to make a radio broadcast in South Africa, in which he talked on scorpions (1925). In 1929 he established the Wild Life Protection and Conservation Society (now called the Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa, WESSA), largely as a result of his concern at the widespread destruction of game in Zululand as part of the tsetse fly control campaign. In his capacity as chairman, he helped to establish the Outeniqua Mountain Zebra Reserve, the Bontebok Park, and the Addo Elephant Reserve. During the period 1935–1945 he was Director of the School Broadcasting Service. In 1939, largely through his efforts, the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve was established. He became President of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa in 1940, served as Chairman of the newly created Fisheries Development Corporation from 1945–1951, and during this same period was a member of the Board of Governors of the South African Broadcasting Corporation. In 1950 he was elected President of the Royal Society of South Africa and from 1950–1957 he acted as Vice-chairman of the board of Trustees of the South African Museum.In 1951 he became Chairman of the Fisheries Commission of Northern Rhodesia. In 1952 he retired to his home in Hout Bay and did extensive research on the social behaviour of ants, bees and wasps which resulted in the publication of some books. In his book on termites, and other papers, he published ground-breaking work on the dynamics and ecology of termite mounds and the means of studying them. He also wrote a book on ants, and a number of scientific publications on various topics, including possible routes to sociality from primitive bees such as South African carpenter bees. In 1952 he was awarded the South African Medal and Grant for scientific research by the South African Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1953 he visited the UK where he spoke about his research work over the BBC and attended the Annual Congress of the British Association in Belfast, Northern Ireland. In 1957 he was awarded a D.Sc.(honoris causa) by the University of Natal, and despite having retired became the President of the Zoological Society of South Africa in 1960. He also found time to lecture in Medical Entomology at the University of Cape Town and serve as President of the then South African Association for the Advancement of Science. He was an entertaining and unpretentious speaker with a pleasant sense of humour and a fine command of his field, and many South African youngsters of that generation had reason to appreciate his kindly and generous response to intelligent questions. On 6 November 1976 he died at Hout Bay in the Cape Peninsula. A daughter and son were born from this marriage:
Mary Katherine Rowan "Bunty" d1986 – an eminent ornithologist and author
John Skaife b1927

Published works
Animal Life in South Africa (Miller, Cape Town 1920)
The Strange Old Man (Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1930)
South African Nature Notes (Maskew Miller, Cape Town, c1938)
African Insect Life (Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1953)
Dwellers in Darkness – an Introduction to the Study of Termites (Longmans Green & Co., London, 1956)
Reminiscences of a Naturalist (1958)
The Study of Ants (Longmans, 1961)
The Weaker Sex – Brochure based on a series of six talks broadcast in the English Service of the SABC during Feb and March 1961. A Naturalist Remembers (Longmans, Cape Town, 1963)
The Amazing World of the Ant (South African Broadcasting Corporation)
The Outdoor World of Africa (Longmans, Cape Town)
African Insect Life – revised edition by Ledger & Bannister (Struik, Cape Town 1979)
Adriaan Hugo – series of Afrikaans detective novels under the pseudonym of Hendrik Brand

References

Biography of Dr. SH Skaife by MK Rowan in revised African Insect Life

External links

1889 births
1976 deaths
Entomologists from London
University of Natal alumni
20th-century South African zoologists
South African entomologists
South African naturalists
Hymenopterists
Alumni of the University of Reading
University of Cape Town alumni
University of Cape Town academics
Fellows of the Royal Society of South Africa
British emigrants to South Africa


text_chunks:
<mask> (1910–1992) was an African-American artist, teacher, and printmaker. Personal life

<mask> was born on the Island of St. Kitts in the West Indies. When he was very young, his mother decided to come to the US but she could not afford to take him with her. Mr. and Mrs. <mask>, a childless couple who were friends of <mask>'s mother, adopted him. Afterwards, the <mask> family moved to the Island of Dominica, where they stayed for ten years. In 1921, his foster parents also decided to come to the US. In New York, <mask> met his mother but remained living with his foster parents.In 1926 <mask> received a scholarship for the Ethical Culture School, were he spent two and half years of his high school period. At this time he obtained an art scholarship through Dr. Henry Fritz, with whom he became acquainted through his art teacher in public school. <mask> was taken into the Saturday art class, where he was the only black participant. An artistic prodigy, <mask> had his student works shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. <mask> graduated from Ethical Culture Fieldston School in 1929. He was honored as "the most promising" young artist in New York City's schools. He began his study at Pratt Institute in 1931 and graduated in 1934.During the 1930s and 1940s, <mask> participated in many exhibitions of African-American art, the Works Progress Administration mural project, and the Harlem Artists Guild. <mask> enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps at the declaration of World War II and was posted as a member of the ground crew in Tuskegee, Alabama, and in Michigan. At the end of the war in 1945, he received his G. I. Bill of Rights scholarship. In 1948, he was presented with the Rosenwald Fellowship. The funds allowed him to live and work abroad - first in Peru for two years, then in Paris. <mask> used the G.I.bill to study in Paris at the Grande Chaumière. He described this period of his life as being “independent of economy”. His work from these travels is largely undocumented; according to Rosenwald scholar, Daniel Schulman, many pieces of art are undated or simply dated "1948-1952". After this period he came back to New York without money and work and indicated this as period of hardship. <mask> left the U.S. in 1956, disappointed in the unreceptiveness of the art world to his work with mixed feelings about this. On the one hand, he felt guilty for having left the U.S. during a period when blacks were struggling for their civil rights; on the other, he felt "lucky" to have been able to live and work in place where he did not feel discrimination as intensely. He emigrated to Belgium and later settled permanently in Brussels.<mask> was married to <mask> and they had a son, <mask>. In 1989 <mask> returned to the United States after an absence of thirty-three years to attend the Lehman College exhibition and symposium and to renew his old friendships. Afterward, he returned to Brussels where he continued to work as a painter, living there for the remainder of his life. Artistic career
<mask> started his artistic career in Harlem, New York City at the Harlem Community Arts Center, where he was one of the youngest pupils. <mask> studied lithography and other printmaking techniques with Riva Helfond, who taught him many aspects of the process based on simple techniques, including how to operate the press, and how to prepare the stones. Helfond played a significant role as a teacher of lithography at the Harlem Art Center. <mask> produced his first lithographs under her supervision, and this was at a time when she was just beginning to learn the medium herself.At the Harlem Community Arts Center <mask> met Robert Blackburn, who was his classmate. In 1937 <mask> depicted Blackburn, in one of his most famous works, that is now located at The Metropolitan Museum collection. Experimenting with lithography and etching, as well as woodblock and silkscreen printing, <mask> explored the techniques of printmaking alongside his friend Robert Blackburn. <mask> described the Harlem Art Center as a "healthy and lively" place, where he had made wonderful friends. In the late thirties, he also served as a teacher at the Harlem Community Arts Center. There <mask> met younger artist Jacob Lawrence and Gwendolyn Knight. They formed a friendship, where they enjoyed conversations and visiting museums together.Both <mask> and Knight would hire Lawrence to pose for them. Jacob Lawrence considered <mask> to be a very intellectual artist. In the 1930s, <mask> became chairman of the Harlem Artists Guild and represented it in Washington with Stuart Davis and Hugo Gellert. <mask> was also a participant in the mural section of WPA and a representative of the Harlem Artists' Guild to the New York World's Fair (1939–1940). <mask>'s early oil paintings were influenced by Picasso, Braque and other European artists while most of his contemporaries focused on social realism. By 1943, he was hailed by art historian James Porter as New York's "foremost Negro abstractionist painter". His pastels and gouaches from the late forties and early fifties showed a highly structured abstraction combined with a studied spontaneity.<mask>'s finely tuned abstractions often incorporated representational elements along with apparently "purer" forms. He described this aspect of his work in these terms: "It's not abstract and abstract at the same time. It's pure creation.”  His works from the 1950s employed both still life and landscape as pretexts for masterly exercises in nearly abstract pictorial construction related to cubism and fauvism. During World War II, <mask> was drafted. After the war he formed "a kind of a group" with Robert Blackburn, Charles White, Larry Potter, and Reginald Gammon and made woodcuts. In 1948, after he received fellowships he traveled to Peru and then to Paris, where his work grew increasingly abstract. When he returned to New York, he lived in Greenwich Village and continued to paint, but with little recognition.In 1956, feeling discouraged about his place in the art scene in the US, <mask> left the US for Brussels, where he continued his artistic career.

masks:
Ronald Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Theolus Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Claire Joseph
Robin Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph
Joseph
Ronald Joseph


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<mask> (born 9 November 1990) is an English footballer who currently plays for League Two club Bradford City on loan from Salford City. A former England youth international, he graduated from the Leeds United Youth Team to win a professional contract in 2007. He spent four years with the club but made just four first team appearances, and had loan spells at Macclesfield Town, Bury, and Rotherham United. He joined Scottish Premier League club Hamilton Academical in January 2011, before moving on to Stockport County eight months later. He joined Cambridge United in May 2012, and helped the club win promotion back into the Football League after winning the 2014 Conference Premier play-off final. Club career

Leeds United
Born in Leeds, <mask> began his career at hometown club Leeds United, and manager Dennis Wise handed him his first team debut at age of 16, coming on for Kevin Nicholls 81 minutes into a 2–1 defeat to Norwich City at Carrow Road on 3 February 2007. This made him the first schoolboy to appear for the Leeds first team, though not the youngest as Peter Lorimer played for United as a 15 year old in 1962.By the end of the 2006–07 season he had played in three Championship games for the "Whites". He signed a professional contract in August 2007, which would come into effect the following summer. He featured in one League Cup game in the 2007–08 season, which would be his last appearance for Leeds. Macclesfield Town (loan)
He joined League Two side Macclesfield Town on a one-month loan on 27 January 2009, with manager Keith Alexander saying that "Much like Emile Sinclair he is an exciting prospect and gives us more attacking option". He made six appearances for the "Silkmen" during his time at Moss Rose. Bury (loan)
He was loaned out to League Two club Bury on a three-month loan in September 2009. He scored his first professional goal on 29 September, in a 3–2 win over Crewe Alexandra at Gresty Road.After the match manager Alan Knill tipped him for a big future at Gigg Lane, however this would be his only goal for the "Shakers" in 17 appearances. Rotherham United (loan)
He joined League Two club Rotherham United on a six-month loan deal in July 2010 as manager Ronnie Moore needed replacements for injured strikers <mask> and Ryan Taylor. He featured seven times for the "Millers" without scoring a goal. He struggled with hamstring problems and came in for some harsh criticism from Moore, who nicknamed him 'sicknote' and said he "is always injured and he will not play with any bit of pain so he has to grow up". Hamilton Academical
Elliott signed a short-term deal with Scottish Premier League side Hamilton Academical in January 2011. Manager Billy Reid hoped <mask> would provide the goals to keep the "Accies" in the SPL, however he failed to hit the net and made only one start and six substitute appearances during his time at New Douglas Park. He was released in May 2011 following the club's relegation into the First Division.Stockport County

<mask> went on trial with Bradford City, who offered him a contract in June 2011. However he did not sign the contract, and instead joined Dietmar Hamann's Stockport County, along with Hamilton teammate Jon Routledge, in August 2011. He had a poor start to his time at Edgeley Park but began to settle in at the club after manager Jim Gannon changed formation to improve service to him. <mask> was joint-leading goalscorer for County for the 2011–12 season, with eight goals in all competitions, and chose to leave the club in the summer after rejecting the offer of a new contract. Cambridge United
Elliot was signed in May 2012 by then United manager, Jez George, on a two-year contract. On 4 December, he scored a hat-trick in a 4–2 win over Ebbsfleet United at Stonebridge Road. He ended the 2012–13 campaign with 16 goals in 33 games.He struggled with injury and featured in only 14 Conference Premier games in the 2013–14 season. He did though play the first 77 minutes of the play-off Final victory over Gateshead at Wembley Stadium, before being taken off for Adam Cunnington. On 3 February 2015, he hit the post against Manchester United in a 3–0 FA Cup defeat at Old Trafford. He finished the 2014–15 season with eight goals in 34 appearances but was one of 12 players not offered a new deal when his contract expired. AFC Wimbledon
<mask> joined AFC Wimbledon on 2 July following his release from Cambridge; the length of this deal was not announced. He got his first league goal for Wimbledon against his former club Cambridge, despite them going on to lose 2–1. He played a part in getting Wimbledon promoted to League 1 on Monday 30 May 2016, where he started in Wimbledon's 2–0 win over Plymouth in the Play-Off Final.In the 2016–17 season, Elliot was named AFC Wimbledon player of the season, scoring 10 goals in all competitions. He was the club's joint top scorer, along with other striker Lyle Taylor. When his contract ran out, recently promoted Millwall of the  Championship agreed terms with <mask> on a free transfer. Millwall
<mask> agreed a deal with Millwall on 30 May following his contract expiry from AFC Wimbledon; the length of this deal was 2 years. He scored his first goals for Millwall when he scored twice in a 2-0 EFL Cup win against Stevenage on 8 August 2017. Salford City
After his Millwall contract expired, <mask> signed a -year deal with Salford City on 9 January 2020. On his debut for Salford he scored the winning goal in an EFL Trophy tie against Accrington Stanley on 21 January.His first league goal came on 1 February against Port Vale, scoring a header to equalise for Salford in a 1–1 draw. Bradford City (loan)
On 27 January 2022, <mask> joined League Two rivals Bradford City on loan until the end of the 2021–22 season. He had trialled with the club, unsuccessfully, in 2011.

International career
<mask> made his debut for the England under-16 team against Tunisia on 15 April 2006. He made his debut for the England under-18 team against Austria on 16 April 2008. Style of play
Using his height and athleticism Elliot is extremely strong aerially and has a good work rate. Career statistics

Honours

Club
Cambridge United
Conference Premier play-offs: 2014

AFC Wimbledon
Football League Two play-offs: 2016

Individual
AFC Wimbledon Player of the Year: 2016–17

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
English footballers
Footballers from Leeds
Association football forwards
England youth international footballers
Leeds United F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C.players
Bury F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
AFC Wimbledon players
Millwall F.C. players
Salford City F.C.players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
English Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
National League (English football) players
Black British sportspeople
People educated at Mount St Mary's Catholic High School, Leeds

masks:
Thomas Joshua Elliott
Elliott
Tom Pope
Elliott
Elliott
Elliott
Elliott
Elliott
Elliott
Elliott
Elliott
Elliott


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<mask> (; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. His best-known works include Demian, Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game, each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge and spirituality. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Life and work

Family background
<mask> was born on 2 July 1877 in the Black Forest town of Calw in Württemberg, German Empire. His grandparents served in India at a mission under the auspices of the Basel Mission, a Protestant Christian missionary society. His grandfather <mask> compiled a Malayalam grammar and a Malayalam-English dictionary, and also contributed to a translation of the Bible into Malayalam in South India. <mask>'s mother, Marie Gundert, was born at such a mission in South India in 1842.In describing her own childhood, she said, "A happy child I was not..." As was usual among missionaries at the time, she was left behind in Europe at the age of four when her parents returned to India. <mask>'s father, <mask>, the son of a doctor, was born in 1847 in Weissenstein, Governorate of Estonia in the Russian Empire (now Paide, Järva County, Estonia). <mask> belonged to the Baltic German minority in the Russian-ruled Baltic region: thus his son <mask> was at birth a citizen of both the German Empire and the Russian Empire. <mask> had five siblings, but two of them died in infancy. In 1873, the <mask> family moved to Calw, where Johannes worked for the Calwer Verlagsverein, a publishing house specializing in theological texts and schoolbooks. Marie's father, <mask> (also the namesake of his grandson), managed the publishing house at the time, and <mask> succeeded him in 1893. <mask> grew up in a Swabian Pietist household, with the Pietist tendency to insulate believers into small, deeply thoughtful groups.Furthermore, <mask> described his father's Baltic German heritage as "an important and potent fact" of his developing identity. His father, <mask> stated, "always seemed like a very polite, very foreign, lonely, little-understood guest". His father's tales from Estonia instilled a contrasting sense of religion in young <mask>. "[It was] an exceedingly cheerful, and, for all its Christianity, a merry world... We wished for nothing so longingly as to be allowed to see this Estonia... where life was so paradisiacal, so colourful and happy." <mask>'s sense of estrangement from the Swabian petite bourgeoisie grew further through his relationship with his maternal grandmother Julie Gundert, née Dubois, whose French-Swiss heritage kept her from ever quite fitting in among that milieu. Childhood
From childhood, <mask> was headstrong and hard for his family to handle. In a letter to her husband, <mask>'s mother Marie wrote: "The little fellow has a life in him, an unbelievable strength, a powerful will, and, for his four years of age, a truly astonishing mind.How can he express all that? It truly gnaws at my life, this internal fighting against his tyrannical temperament, his passionate turbulence [...] God must shape this proud spirit, then it will become something noble and magnificent – but I shudder to think what this young and passionate person might become should his upbringing be false or weak." <mask> showed signs of serious depression as early as his first year at school. In his juvenilia collection Gerbersau, <mask> vividly describes experiences and anecdotes from his childhood and youth in Calw: the atmosphere and adventures by the river, the bridge, the chapel, the houses leaning closely together, hidden nooks and crannies, as well as the inhabitants with their admirable qualities, their oddities, and their idiosyncrasies. The fictional town of Gerbersau is pseudonymous for Calw, imitating the real name of the nearby town of Hirsau. It is derived from the German words gerber, meaning "tanner", and aue, meaning "meadow". Calw had a centuries-old leather-working industry, and during <mask>'s childhood the tanneries' influence on the town was still very much in evidence.Hesse's favourite place in Calw was the St. Nicholas Bridge (Nikolausbrücke), which is why a Hesse monument was built there in 2002. <mask>'s grandfather <mask>, a doctor of philosophy and fluent in multiple languages, encouraged the boy to read widely, giving him access to his library, which was filled with the works of world literature. All this instilled a sense in <mask> that he was a citizen of the world. His family background became, he noted, "the basis of an isolation and a resistance to any sort of nationalism that so defined my life". Young <mask> shared a love of music with his mother. Both music and poetry were important in his family. His mother wrote poetry, and his father was known for his use of language in both his sermons and the writing of religious tracts.His first role model for becoming an artist was his half-brother, Theo, who rebelled against the family by entering a music conservatory in 1885. <mask> showed a precocious ability to rhyme, and by 1889–90 had decided that he wanted to be a writer. Education

In 1881, when <mask> was four, the family moved to Basel, Switzerland, staying for six years and then returning to Calw. After successful attendance at the Latin School in Göppingen, <mask> entered the Evangelical Theological Seminary of Maulbronn Abbey in 1891. The pupils lived and studied at the abbey, one of Germany's most beautiful and well-preserved, attending 41 hours of classes a week. Although <mask> did well during the first months, writing in a letter that he particularly enjoyed writing essays and translating classic Greek poetry into German, his time in Maulbronn was the beginning of a serious personal crisis. In March 1892, <mask> showed his rebellious character, and, in one instance, he fled from the Seminary and was found in a field a day later.<mask> began a journey through various institutions and schools and experienced intense conflicts with his parents. In May, after an attempt at suicide, he spent time at an institution in Bad Boll under the care of theologian and minister Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt. Later, he was placed in a mental institution in Stetten im Remstal, and then a boys' institution in Basel. At the end of 1892, he attended the Gymnasium in Cannstatt, now part of Stuttgart. In 1893, he passed the One Year Examination, which concluded his schooling. The same year, he began spending time with older companions and took up drinking and smoking. After this, <mask> began a bookshop apprenticeship in Esslingen am Neckar, but quit after three days.Then, in the early summer of 1894, he began a 14-month mechanic apprenticeship at a clock tower factory in Calw. The monotony of soldering and filing work made him turn himself toward more spiritual activities. In October 1895, he was ready to begin wholeheartedly a new apprenticeship with a bookseller in Tübingen. This experience from his youth, especially his time spent at the Seminary in Maulbronn, he returns to later in his novel Beneath the Wheel. Becoming a writer

On 17 October 1895, <mask> began working in the bookshop in Tübingen, which had a specialized collection in theology, philology, and law. <mask>'s tasks consisted of organizing, packing, and archiving the books. After the end of each twelve-hour workday, <mask> pursued his own work, and he spent his long, idle Sundays with books rather than friends.<mask> studied theological writings and later Goethe, Lessing, Schiller, and Greek mythology. He also began reading Nietzsche in 1895, and that philosopher's ideas of "dual…impulses of passion and order" in humankind was a heavy influence on most of his novels. By 1898, <mask> had a respectable income that enabled financial independence from his parents. During this time, he concentrated on the works of the German Romantics, including much of the work of Clemens Brentano, Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff, Friedrich Hölderlin, and Novalis. In letters to his parents, he expressed a belief that "the morality of artists is replaced by aesthetics". During this time, he was introduced to the home of Fräulein von Reutern, a friend of his family's. There he met with people his own age.His relationships with his contemporaries were "problematic", in that most of them were now at university. This usually left him feeling awkward in social situations. In 1896, his poem "Madonna" appeared in a Viennese periodical and <mask> released his first small volume of poetry, Romantic Songs. In 1897, a published poem of his, "Grand Valse", drew him a fan letter. It was from Helene Voigt, who the next year married Eugen Diederichs, a young publisher. To please his wife, Diederichs agreed to publish <mask>'s collection of prose entitled One Hour After Midnight in 1898 (although it is dated 1899). Both works were a business failure.In two years, only 54 of the 600 printed copies of Romantic Songs were sold, and One Hour After Midnight received only one printing and sold sluggishly. Furthermore, <mask> "suffered a great shock" when his mother disapproved of "Romantic Songs" on the grounds that they were too secular and even "vaguely sinful". From late 1899, <mask> worked in a distinguished antique book shop in Basel. Through family contacts, he stayed with the intellectual families of Basel. In this environment with rich stimuli for his pursuits, he further developed spiritually and artistically. At the same time, Basel offered the solitary <mask> many opportunities for withdrawal into a private life of artistic self-exploration, journeys and wanderings. In 1900, <mask> was exempted from compulsory military service due to an eye condition.This, along with nerve disorders and persistent headaches, affected him his entire life. In 1901, <mask> undertook to fulfill a long-held dream and travelled for the first time to Italy. In the same year, <mask> changed jobs and began working at the antiquarium Wattenwyl in Basel. <mask> had more opportunities to release poems and small literary texts to journals. These publications now provided honorariums. His new bookstore agreed to publish his next work, Posthumous Writings and Poems of <mask>. In 1902, his mother died after a long and painful illness.He could not bring himself to attend her funeral, stating in a letter to his father: "I think it would be better for us both that I do not come, in spite of my love for my mother." Due to the good notices that <mask> received for Lauscher, the publisher Samuel Fischer became interested in <mask> and, with the novel Peter Camenzind, which appeared first as a pre-publication in 1903 and then as a regular printing by Fischer in 1904, came a breakthrough: from now on, <mask> could make a living as a writer. The novel became popular throughout Germany. Sigmund Freud "praised Peter Camenzind as one of his favourite readings". Between Lake Constance and India

Having realised he could make a living as a writer, <mask> finally married Maria Bernoulli (of the famous family of mathematicians) in 1904, while her father, who disapproved of their relationship, was away for the weekend. The couple settled down in Gaienhofen on Lake Constance, and began a family, eventually having three sons. In Gaienhofen, he wrote his second novel, Beneath the Wheel, which was published in 1906.In the following time, he composed primarily short stories and poems. His story "The Wolf", written in 1906–07, was "quite possibly" a foreshadowing of Steppenwolf. His next novel, Gertrude, published in 1910, revealed a production crisis. He had to struggle through writing it, and he later would describe it as "a miscarriage". Gaienhofen was the place where Hesse's interest in Buddhism was re-sparked. Following a letter to Kapff in 1895 entitled Nirvana, <mask> had ceased alluding to Buddhist references in his work. In 1904, however, Arthur Schopenhauer and his philosophical ideas started receiving attention again, and <mask> discovered theosophy.Schopenhauer and theosophy renewed <mask>'s interest in India. Although it was many years before the publication of <mask>'s Siddhartha (1922), this masterpiece was to be derived from these new influences. During this time, there also was increased dissonance between him and Maria, and in 1911 <mask> left for a long trip to Sri Lanka and Indonesia. He also visited Sumatra, Borneo, and Burma, but "the physical experience... was to depress him." Any spiritual or religious inspiration that he was looking for eluded him, but the journey made a strong impression on his literary work. Following <mask>'s return, the family moved to Bern (1912), but the change of environment could not solve the marriage problems, as he himself confessed in his novel Rosshalde from 1914. During the First World War
At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, <mask> registered himself as a volunteer with the Imperial army, saying that he could not sit inactively by a warm fireplace while other young authors were dying on the front.He was found unfit for combat duty, but was assigned to service involving the care of prisoners of war. While most poets and authors of the warring countries quickly became embroiled in a tirade of mutual hate, <mask>, seemingly immune to the general war enthusiasm of the time, wrote an essay titled "O Friends, Not These Tones" ("O Freunde, nicht diese Töne"), which was published in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, on 3 November.

masks:
Hermann Karl Hesse
Hermann Karl Hesse
Hermann Gundert
Hesse
Hesse
Johannes Hesse
Johannes Hesse
Hermann
Hermann
Hesse
Hermann Gundert
Johannes Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hermann
Hermann Hesse
Hesse
Hermann
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Gundert
Hermann Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hermann Lauscher
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse
Hesse