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<mask> (born May 19, 1941) is an American labor leader and attorney who is the tenth General President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. He is the son of <mask>. Hoffa was first elected in 1998, and subsequently re-elected in 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 to five-year terms. In 2018, <mask> was elected chair of the Road Transport Section of the International Transport Workers' Federation at its quadrennial Congress in Singapore. <mask> is the second-longest serving General President of the Teamsters Union, after Dan Tobin, who served from 1907 to 1952. Hoffa will step down as General President at the end of his current term, March 22, 2022. Personal life

Hoffa is the son of <mask>, who was also General President of the Teamsters, and his wife Josephine (née <mask>).He has one sister, Judge Barbara Ann Crancer. Hoffa is married to Virginia (Ginger) Sue Harris (born 1945), a former teacher and licensed veterinary technician since 1969. They have two sons, David (born 1970) and Geoffrey (born 1972), and six grandchildren. Born in Detroit, Michigan on May 19, 1941, Hoffa attended Cooley High School. There, he became a member of the National Honor Society, and an all-city and all-state football player. During the summer months, the Hoffa family visited their cottage in rural Orion Township outside Detroit. Hoffa often accompanied his father to Teamster meetings and events, and became a Teamster in 1959 on his 18th birthday.Hoffa holds a degree in economics from Michigan State University (1963) and a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Michigan Law School (1966). Hoffa was awarded a Ford Foundation Fellowship to work in the Michigan State Senate as an aide to senate and house members doing constituent relations and research. Hoffa is a member of Alpha Tau Omega. He was an attorney for the Teamsters from 1968 to 1993. Teamsters activity

2021 Pension Reform
Hoffa led Teamster efforts to protect defined-benefit pension plans for more than a decade following the economic collapse of 2008. The legislation championed by Hoffa and the Teamsters was known as the Butch Lewis Act, named after a Teamster retiree pension activist, and became law as part of President Biden's American Rescue Plan stimulus package in 2021. As part of the ARP, more than 50 Teamster pension plans – including its largest, the Central States Pension Fund – are eligible for assistance at the outset of the bill's enactment, with more of the union's plans becoming eligible in 2022.Under the new law, money to assist eligible plans will come directly from the U.S. Treasury Department in the form of grants which would not need to be repaid. Plan participants will receive 100 percent of their earned pension benefits. Appointments
(2019 – Present) Chair, Road Section, International Transport Workers Federation; (2019 – Present) Member, Executive Board, International Transport Workers Federation; (2015 – Present) Board Member, Roosevelt Institute; (2010 – Present) USTR Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations; (2009 – Present) Department of Labor Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations and Trade Policy; (2013 – 2015) National Freight Advisory Committee; (2002 – 2004) President's Council on the 21st Century Workforce; (2002 – 2004) Secretary of Energy's Advisory Board

Legislative activities during tenure
Hoffa earned a reputation as an advocate for fair trade and worker safety. He transformed the Teamsters into a premier political force by changing alliances
and rhetoric unpredictably. Under his leadership, the Teamsters ended a federal program that allowed Mexican truckers to haul goods beyond the border zone in the United States. The Teamsters strongly opposed a trade deal with Colombia through lobbying and street protests, and were credited with helping to prevent a similar trade deal with Panama. The Teamsters successfully encouraged Congress to pass legislation increasing rail security in 2007.The Teamsters sued the Bush administration in 2005 to overturn regulations that extended the number of hours a driver could spend behind the wheel of a truck. The Teamsters argued the rule would contribute to driver fatigue. The Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia sided with the Teamsters, but it was the Obama administration that finally agreed to change the rule. Under his leadership, the Teamsters ended a federal program in 2009 that allowed Mexican truckers to haul goods beyond the border zone in the United States. Hoffa predicted the failure of a second version of the program in October 2011, and challenged it in federal court. George Washington University
In 2008, Hoffa established the Teamsters Labor History Research Center and the Teamsters archives at the George Washington University Gelman Library in Washington, D.C.

Hoffa was awarded the university's President's Medal in 2014. "George Washington is proud to honor Jim Hoffa as a passionate advocate for social justice and the labor movement, as one of the foremost experts on labor issues, and also as a dedicated partner and friend of this university," said Steven Knapp, GW President.1996 campaign
Hoffa campaigned against the Teamsters incumbent president, Ron Carey, at the Teamsters international convention of June 1996 in Philadelphia. After nearly 500,000 votes were cast in early November, 1996, Ron Carey had won the election with 52 percent of the vote. At the time Carey characterized the victory as one for "reformers in the American labor movement." Five months later, in April 1997, news broke that a federal grand jury was investigating allegations that Ron Carey had received illegal campaign kickbacks and employer contributions during the Teamsters election the previous year. The union has been supervised by a court-appointed administrator ever since a consent decree with the Justice Department in 1989. A new election for Teamsters president was ordered by the federal government in August 1997, after federal official Barbara Zack Quindel's investigation uncovered a "complex network of schemes" that involved the improper use of Teamster assets. Quindel found that the Carey campaign had received more than $220,000 in illegal contributions.Ultimately, the Independent Review Board found that more than $750,000 in union assets had been used in Carey's 1996 reelection campaign. During the 1998 election Tom Leedham, then-director of the Teamsters Warehouse Division, campaigned against <mask><mask>. Campaigning to unite the union, <mask> won the election. After having lost narrowly in 1996 to Ron Carey, <mask>'s new role as president was considered by Teamster members as a chance to rebuild the union. Hoffa was re-elected in 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 to five-year terms. 1999
"The first big test of the <mask> administration" was the ratification in June 1999, of a four-year contract covering 13,000 carhaul members after an unprecedented amount of communication in the form of rallies, newsletters, and a telephone hotline that was called more than 20,000 times over the course of the contract campaign. Solidarity rallies in Detroit, Los Angeles, and Nashville attracted more than 6,000 carhaulers, family members, and friends.The new contract averted a national strike and included pension gains, job security language, and significant wage increases. "The new union leader is being closely watched in part because he has pledged to restore unity in Teamsters' ranks in the wake of a divisive campaign finance scandal." Two thousand full-time jobs were created after Teamster pressure on United Parcel Service (UPS) as part of the commitment made by the 1997 contract. "My administration sent UPS management a very clear message. We expect UPS to meet their obligations under the 1997 agreement, and we will not tolerate company delays or numbers manipulation." 2000s and 2010s
In April 2000, more than 8,000 flight attendants at Northwest Airlines voted to ratify a new contract with improvements in compensation and retirement packages and ending a 3½ year labor dispute. A decade later, Northwest Airlines merged with Delta Air Lines and ceased operations on January 31, 2010.Casino workers in Detroit saw an end to biased wages and a disregard for seniority with their new collective bargaining agreement ratified in 2001. The new agreement initiated immediate wage parity between casinos in addition to wage increases in each year of the three-year contract. Demonstrating increased strength and confidence in Teamster representation Champion Air flight attendants voted for their first Teamster contract in March 2001. The contract resulted in improved pay rates, hours of service, working conditions, and benefits. Union protection remained in effect until the airline ceased all operations on May 31, 2008. After a month-long strike, bus drivers at Laidlaw Education Services in Los Angeles ratified a new contract in April 2002. The strike occurred due to the disparity between the wages and benefits of drivers who are direct employees of the Los Angeles Unified School District and those paid by Laidlaw.A landmark agreement with UPS was reached in July 2002 for the 210,000 Teamsters employed there. Hoping to avoid a damaging strike similar to the one in 1997, negotiators at UPS acquiesced to Teamster demands, producing a contract with a 25% increase in wages and benefits. "These negotiations have taken place in an economic climate in which millions of American workers are seeing their health benefits cut and their retirement savings wiped out. We have shown the nation that job and benefit cuts are not inevitable," said Hoffa. Mechanics at Continental Airlines ratified a four-year contract resulting in wage and benefit increases in December 2002. This was the second Teamster contract for the 3,300 mechanics and one that made subcontracting nearly impossible due to its defining all maintenance work as being within the jurisdiction of the Teamsters. Continental Airlines was merged into United Airlines in 2012.A new contract for 65,000 drivers working under the Teamsters National Master Freight Agreement was reached in February 2003. The contract restored the union's right to strike when there was a deadlock over grievances, a right given up under a previous contract of 1994. "The nation is in the depths of recession and on the brink of war, and we maintained our strong health care benefits, protected our pensions and won the highest wage increases in more than a decade," said Hoffa. Carhaulers ratified a new, five-year contract that protected health benefits and pensions and provided job security for the more than 6,500 members nationwide. The contract included increases of wages and benefits by 13.4% over the term of the agreement. Chicago area trash haulers represented by the Teamsters reached an agreement in October 2003, ending a nine-day garbage strike that left local officials begging for the garbage trucks. The new contract included higher wages and improvements to health benefits and pensions and covered 3,300 solid waste hauling workers.Anheuser-Busch Teamsters ratified a new, five-year agreement in December 2003. The Teamsters Union won a guarantee from the company that prohibits the closing of any of its 12 breweries in the United States. Wage increases, free health care, and increased pension benefits were all included in the contract covering 7,500 Teamster members nationwide. President George W. Bush appointed Hoffa to the Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN). "U.S. trade policy has not focused on the economic impact of unfair trade deals on working families. We must shape a trade policy that meets the needs of working families and ends the economic race to the bottom." Members of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (BLE) voted to merge with the Teamsters Union by an 80% majority.With 32,000 active members, the BLE was one of the oldest labor organizations in the country. The BLE became the first members of the newly created Teamsters Rail Conference. Soon after merging with the Teamsters, the BLE changed its name to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (BLET) in recognition of the trainmen of the union. In October 2004, members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees (BMWE) voted to become Teamsters. More than 75% of the BMWE's members voted to merge with the Teamsters Union and become part of the growing Teamsters Rail Conference. "As did my father, I have envisioned one union representing all transportation workers – roads to rails, ports to planes –that would provide workers with real power on the job and the political arena." A majority of the members of the Graphic Communications International Union (GCIU) voted to merge with the Teamsters Union effective January 2005, making it the third independent union to merge with the Teamsters in 18 months.The union becomes an "autonomous conference" of the Teamsters. Employees of Allied Waste/BFI in the Atlanta area ratified their first Teamster contract in December 2005. The second-largest U.S. trash hauler, Allied Waste agreed to labor contracts that cover more than 450 workers. The Teamsters secured agreements after a year and half of bargaining during which the company tried to demoralize the union and its members by granting raises to workers in non-union location shops and intimidating union supporters. "These contracts are a testament to the workersk' courage and determination, and a major step forward in our battle to raise living standards for waste workers across the South," said Hoffa at the time of the victory. The Teamsters started contract negotiations in September 2006 with UPS over its package workers' contract and initial bargaining at a UPS Freight terminal in Indianapolis, Indiana. Ken Hall, Director of the Teamsters Parcel and Small Package Division said that the initial contract at the UPS Freight terminal in Indianapolis would serve "as a template or a model for other locations."A new, five-year contract was ratified by NetJets mechanics, aircraft fuelers, cleaners, and stock clerks in January 2007. "At NetJets, Teamsters are making real gains despite negative trends elsewhere," said <mask>, Teamsters Local 284 President. The contract covers 143 workers. A tentative agreement was reached for Teamster members working at Costco in California in January 2007. More than 13,000 workers at 40 locations in the state are covered under the agreement. Members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees (BMWED) and Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (BLET) ratified a new contract for those working on the nation's freight rail lines. The agreement includes general wage increases totaling 17

masks:
James Phillip Hoffa
Jimmy Hoffa
Hoffa
Hoffa
Jimmy Hoffa
Poszywak
James P
. Hoffa
Hoffa
Hoffa
Hoffa
Allen Price


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 percent (18.2 percent compounded over the life of the agreement), which will remain effective until December 31, 2009.Both the BMWED and BLET are members of the Teamsters Rail Conference. Indianapolis Teamsters working at UPS Freight voted to ratify their first contract in October 2007. The agreement will improve wages, benefits, and working conditions. "For more than 50 years, workers at UPS Freight's predecessor, Overnite, fought to win a Teamster contract. Today the union fulfilled its promise that we would not quit until workers achieved economic justice." UPS Teamsters approved a new contract in November 2007 with a five-year term covering 240,000 workers. The contract will increase wages annually and increase funds that provide pension, health, and welfare benefits."We…have negotiated an agreement that will greatly benefit our members at U.P.S. as well as Teamster members in other industries covered by pension and health and welfare funds." Teamster freight members ratified agreed to a Memorandum of Understanding in February 2008. Covering 60,000 workers at YRC Worldwide, Yellow Transportation, Roadway and regional units at USF Holland and New Penn Motor Express. The Memorandum of Understanding included a 15% wage concession, loss of a vacation week, and reduced pension contributions. On February 20, 2008, Hoffa became the first major union leader to endorse Democratic senator Barack Obama in his bid to become president of the United States. Hoffa campaigned in major states for Obama throughout the primary and general election.He served as a superdelegate to the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver and a member of the Michigan Electoral College. On March 11, 2008, members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance Way Employes (BMWED), part of the Teamsters Rail Conference, approved a new contract with Amtrak after eight years of negotiations. Workers, who had been working for sub-par rates for the past several years, will receive increases of wages and benefits. Workers at DHL Express ratified a new national agreement in early May 2008. These were the first national agreements negotiated by the Teamsters Union in more than 30 years. "The vote from DHL Express members is a strong signal of support. We were determined to obtain the best contract that we could for members, and I believe we achieved that," said Hoffa.Several months after DHL signed the agreement with the Teamsters eliminating the strike clause, more than 85% of the union drivers were laid off. This contract ultimately led to the demise of the union drivers at DHL. Facilities such as DTW (Romulus, Michigan), which had nearly 200 union drivers, now have only approximately 25 drivers in which most of these workers came from the Troy and Southfield location. In all Teamsters Local 299 lost approximately 375 union jobs as the outcome of this contract as well as several thousand jobs throughout the United States. Teamster carhaulers ratified a new three-year national agreement on October 24, 2008. A record level of employer contributions towards health, welfare, and pension benefits were won by the union by the agreement covering approximately 8,100 workers. Gaining a 15% wage increase over five years, Teamsters working at Anheuser-Busch facilities in the U.S. voted in a new agreement on November 7, 2008.The contract included the promise that Anheuser-Busch, recently acquired by InBev, would keep all 12 U.S. breweries open for the life of the contract. For the first time in nearly 40 years, pressmen at the Los Angeles Times voted in a Teamster contract in December 2008. The 250 men and women working in the press operations section of the newspaper voted in their first collective bargaining agreement with the Graphic Communications Conference of the Teamsters. On September 14, pilots with Amerijet Cargo approved their first contract after five years of negotiations. Workers at Amerijet, an air freight carrier, had been on strike since August 27 partly due to the unsanitary conditions on the aircraft. The company will reinstall bathrooms on the aircraft as part of the contract agreement. For the last 14 months, Hoffa managed the Teamsters' effort as the union worked with YRC Worldwide (YRCW) as the country's largest less-than-truckload company struggled during the recession.The Teamsters and YRCW reached a labor cost savings agreement in August, and YRCW reached new bank terms with its lenders at the end of October. But in December, Hoffa sent letters to the Securities and Exchange Commission, state attorneys general, state insurance officials and Congressional leaders on financial industry oversight calling on regulators to review the questionable promotion of credit default swaps for bonds of YRCW. Hoffa urged the oversight bodies to investigate financial firms that were underwriting and/or marketing basis packages that consist of YRCW bonds and credit default swaps. Two days after the letters were sent, YRCW announced it had obtained the necessary thresholds on its bond holder debt-to-equity exchange offer, which was the final part of a comprehensive restructuring plan that required all major stakeholders—its workers, pension funds, secured lenders and bond holders—to contribute toward helping the company survive the worst freight recession in generations. Hoffa and the Teamsters were credited in several news reports for helping YRCW avert bankruptcy. Bloomberg said Goldman Sachs helped YRCW complete the debt swap after the "Teamsters Union said the bank was trying to profit from a failure of the largest U.S. trucker by sales." <mask> was re-elected to a fourth term heading the Teamsters Union in November 2011.He won nearly 59% of  the vote for another five-year term. The three-way race was between <mask>, Fred Gegare, and <mask>. Gegare is a Wisconsin Teamster, trustee on a pension fund and a Teamsters International Vice President. <mask> is president of Teamsters Local 805 in New York City. On May 14, 2019, on PBS NewsHour, Hoffa endorsed President Trump's use of tariffs and a trade war with China to bring China to the table for a robust trade deal. He stated that his hope was that the tariffs would work to open the Chinese market for American goods long kept out, and that in the long run, opening the Chinese market would create more American jobs. Labor Day speech

On September 5, 2011, he caused some controversy when introducing President Obama at a Labor Day rally in Detroit, Michigan.In his remarks, an animated Hoffa stated "We have to keep an eye on the battle we face—a war on workers. And you see it everywhere there is the Tea Party. And you know there is only one way to beat and win that war. The one thing about working people is we like a good fight. And you know what, they've got a war, they've got a war with us and there is only going to be one winner. It is going to be the workers of Michigan and America – we are going to win that war. All the way."He then urged the audience to vote in the coming election and in reference to the Tea Party, stated, "Everybody here's got to vote," Hoffa said. "If we go back and we keep the eye on the prize, let's take these sons-of-a-bitches out and give America back to America where we belong!" Following the fiery remarks, some conservative media outlets chastised the Democratic Party and President Obama for not condemning Hoffa for using violent rhetoric of the kind some claimed as leading to the 2011 Tucson Shooting, while the White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said, "Mr. Hoffa speaks for himself, he speaks for the labor movement...The president speaks for himself." However, <mask> responded to the controversy by stating, "We didn't start this war—the right wing did. My comments on Labor Day in Detroit echo the anger and frustration of American workers who are under attack by corporate-funded politicians who want to destroy the middle class. We're tired of seeing good-paying jobs shipped overseas. This fight is about the economy, it's about jobs and it's about rebuilding America.As I said yesterday in Detroit, we all have to vote in order to take these anti-worker politicians out of office. We're fighting back. That's what Teamsters do—we stand up for what is right," Hoffa said. "I will never apologize for standing up for my fellow Teamsters and all American workers." National Review'''s Jonah Goldberg supported Hoffa's language, if not the content, saying "We are in a really weird place where the head of the Teamsters can't talk tough. I mean, I guess ex-cons are the only ones left who can still talk like men every now and then." Goldberg went on to state that the issue was not the language, but the "absolutely bizarre standard" for language established after Tucson.Some commentators and journalists have charged that the context of the quote was changed by editing out the "Everybody here's got to vote" passage by the news organization; Fox News Channel and other media outlets, thus fueling the controversy by making the speech sound like a call for violence instead of a call to vote. Organizing successes
Hoffa led a resurgence of the Teamsters resulting in a net increase of members in 2007, the first year of net growth in the union in nearly three decades. Significant organizing victories included more than 12,600 workers at UPS Freight, 9,000 mechanics at United Airlines, 22,000 school bus drivers at First Student/FirstGroup since 2006 under the union's Drive Up Standards campaign, 3,200 customer service representatives at America West Airlines, and nearly 900 crewmembers of Atlas Air, Inc. and Polar Air Cargo Worldwide. In 2009, more than 1,700 school bus workers employed at the Baumann transportation companies on Long Island joined the union. The organizing victory at UPS Freight was particularly noteworthy, because it is the former Overnite Transportation, which the union struggled to organize for many years. The campaign got a major boost when UPS purchased Overnite, and it became UPS Freight. "This [UPS Freight] is the largest organizing victory in the freight industry in 25 years.We were amazed that at the 90-day mark of our national campaign, 9,900 workers had signed cards. This shows the workers' commitment in joining a union that will give them a strong voice in the workplace." "We announced two goals for the Teamsters in 2008: To organize 40,000 workers and to elect Barack Obama President of the United States. I am proud to say that thanks to the hard work by so many in our union, the Teamsters delivered on both promises." The union's successful organizing plan has emphasized the Teamster core industries—particularly those in the global supply chain—and the management of Hoffa and the Teamsters Organizing Department involved the entire union. The bulk of the organizing resulted from coordinated, disciplined campaigns in which numerous Teamster local unions and Joint Councils participated. Organizing has been a main theme of Hoffa's administration, culminating in 2005, when the Teamsters Union left the AFL-CIO to found the new Change to Win Federation with emphasis on organizing and growth.The union has achieved an annual increase in organizing gains every year since, with 2008 marking a record-breaking year. Hundreds of volunteer member organizers have arranged worker-to-worker contacts between Teamsters and unorganized workers in the same craft. In 2009, the Teamsters began a project to recruit and train 1,000 member organizers before the end of 2009 to be ready when the Employee Free Choice Act is passed. "There is no better spokesperson for the Teamsters than a Teamster like you," Hoffa said. "… We are engaged in national campaigns that will test the resources of the union. Without a mighty army of Teamster member organizers, we're not going to get it done." "We formed our union with the Teamsters so we could have an opportunity to negotiate for fair pay, benefits and equal treatment," said Nicole Miles, a monitor at First Student in Parkville, Missouri and Local 838 member."Coming from a Teamster family, I supported the Teamsters because I wanted to be part of a union that will support me. I'm proud of our vote to join the Teamsters." Split from the AFL-CIO

Frustrated with the AFL-CIO's lack of emphasis on organizing, the Teamsters Union and the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) split from the AFL-CIO on July 25, 2005. The group of breakaway unions, which later included the Laborer's, United Farm Workers and United Food and Commercial Workers Union, formed their own group called the Change to Win Federation. "We have been disappointed that over the last 10 years [the period of former AFL-CIO President John Sweeney's tenure] we have seen a decline in membership, a decline in density." <mask> further explained his union's decision to Fox News. "In our view, we must have more union members in order to change the political climate that is undermining workers' rights in this country.The AFL-CIO has chosen the opposite approach. We proposed that the AFL-CIO embark on a new course of action that would not only protect our existing Teamsters members and their families but lead to thousands of new working men and women to have the opportunity to organize into a strong union that would give them the chance to achieve the American dream to own their own home, send their kids to college and plan a strong retirement." <mask>, while pledging support of the AFL-CIO, said, "Today's decision means that we have chosen a course of growth and strength for the American labor movement based on organizing new members. ... This is just the beginning of a new era for America's workers." <mask> is an advocate of fair trade policies and a wide range of legislation. He also composed a weblog essay on the Huffington Post'' attacking Whole Foods for undermining efforts to win Congressional reform.Hoffa also spoke on the Thom Hartmann radio program about the politics of health care reform. See also
 Jimmy Hoffa
 Sean O'Brien (labor leader)
 Ron Carey (labor leader)
 <mask>er
 Roy Lee Williams
 Frank Fitzsimmons
 Daniel J. Tobin
 Dave Beck
 Cornelius Shea
 William J. McCarthy

References

External links

 Biography at teamster.org
 <mask><mask> on NPR

1941 births
2008 United States presidential electors
American people of Pennsylvania Dutch descent
American trade unionists of Polish descent
International Brotherhood of Teamsters
International Brotherhood of Teamsters people
Lawyers from Detroit
Living people
Leaders of American trade unions
Michigan Democrats
Michigan State University alumni
Presidents of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters
Trade unionists from Michigan
University of Michigan Law School alumni
Cooley High School

masks:
Hoffa
Hoffa
Sandy Pope
Pope
Hoffa
Hoffa
Hoffa
Hoffa
Jackie Press
James P
. Hoffa


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<mask> is an American dramatic and documentary film writer-producer-director. His films have premiered at the Sundance, Cannes, Telluride and Tribeca film festivals, and he has won two Academy Awards. Career
<mask> won an Oscar for Best Documentary with his HBO film You Don't Have to Die, telling the story of one boy's battle against cancer. <mask> would receive three more Oscar nominations before winning another Oscar for his 2002 documentary Twin Towers. In 2007, <mask> directed two films – Live!, which premiered at Tribeca Film Festival, starring Eva Mendes, Andre Braugher David Krumholtz, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Michelle Krusiec, and Jay Hernandez; and Nanking, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival, a documentary about the Rape of Nanking during World War II. Nanking featured Woody Harrelson, Mariel Hemingway, Rosalind Chao, Stephen Dorff, and Jürgen Prochnow. It was shortlisted for an Academy Award, won awards at Sundance Film Festival and other film festivals, earned <mask> a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for Best Documentary Screenplay.The film went on to become the highest grossing theatrical documentary in Chinese history. Nanking was nominated for 3 Emmy Awards and won one Emmy Award. The film also won a George Foster Peabody Award in 2009. Live! had its American premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival and its international premiere at the Deauville Film Festival, and was distributed in the US by The Weinstein Company. Its international distribution included Lions Gate Entertainment (UK) and Pretty Pictures (France). Live!was produced by Charles Roven and Atlas Entertainment. <mask> partnered with Richard Linklater on That Animal Rescue Show, on which they were executive producers and directors. The 10-part series, made for CBS All Access, premiered in October, 2020. An episode from the series was part of the official selection of the 2020 Telluride Film Festival. <mask> created and executive produced the NBC series Crime & Punishment, which ran for three seasons, 2002–2004. <mask> was also a director on the series. The show, a non-fiction spin-off of the Law & Order franchise, followed District Attorneys in San Diego County, California.The series was created with Dick Wolf, who was also an executive producer. Over the series' run, most shows were in the Nielsen top 20, and several were in the top 10. His novel Boulevard, was published by Pegasus Books/W. W. Norton in 2011, and the French edition was published by Éditions Gallimard (2013), where it was a finalist for the Grand Prix de Littérature Policière. He also co-wrote Masters of Disaster: The Ten Commandments of Damage Control, with Democratic political consultant and presidential advisor Chris Lehane, which was published in December 2012 by Palgrave Macmillan. He has also written nonfiction pieces, including for The Wall Street Journal and the Los Angeles Times. <mask> also directed Soundtrack for a Revolution, a film about music and the Civil Rights Movement.The film features performances by John Legend, Joss Stone, The Roots, Blind Boys of Alabama, Richie Havens, Mary Mary, Anthony Hamilton and Wyclef Jean. Soundtrack for a Revolution had its international premiere at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, and its US premiere at Tribeca Film festival. The film was produced and distributed internationally by Wild Bunch and released theatrically in the U.S. by Area 23a, and later aired on PBS. <mask> was nominated for WGA and Producers Guild Awards for the film, which also won awards at US and international film festivals. The film was short-listed for an Academy Award. <mask>'s film, Knife Fight, which he directed and also wrote (with political consultant Chris Lehane), stars Rob Lowe, Jamie Chung, Julie Bowen, Carrie-Anne Moss, David Harbour, Eric McCormack, Jennifer Morrison, Michelle Krusiec, and Saffron Burrows. The film is about a Democratic political consultant and was released by IFC in January 2013.The film premiered at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival, and also had special screenings at the 2012 Democratic National Convention and the John F. Kennedy School of Government. <mask> has directed commercials and other work for a number of Silicon Valley companies, including Google, Yahoo!, and MasterClass. He has been an advisor to MasterClass since before the company’s launch and he directed the premiere class with author James Patterson. He also directed the third class with tennis star Serena Williams. He has directed 8 films for HBO or Cinemax, including Nanking and Only the Dead See the End of War. <mask> has served on a number of film festival juries, including the Shanghai International Film Festival, The Odesa International Film Festival and the Morelia International Film Festival. His film Only the Dead See the End of War premiered at the 2015 Telluride Film Festival and premiered on HBO in March 2016.He won an AACTA Award (Australian Academy Award) for Best Directing for a Documentary, and a Walkley Award (Australian Pulitzer) for the film. The film also won an AACTA for Best Documentary and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2017. <mask> has shown his films and given lectures at many US and international universities, including: Yale, Harvard, the University of California, Berkeley; University of California, Los Angeles; the University of Pennsylvania; Peking University; Tsinghua University; Fudan University; Kyoto University; the Hong Kong Academy of Performing Arts; HEC Paris; and the Freie Universität Berlin. Other screenings include The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; The Council on Foreign Relations; the Paley Center for Media; and the Brooklyn Academy of Music. Accolades
<mask>'s films have been selected for Sundance three times, Tribeca five times, Telluride twice, and have won awards at numerous American and international film festivals. They have also received a number of special screenings internationally and in the US, including at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Stanford Law School, the Harvard Kennedy School, and the White House. <mask> has received two Academy Awards, three additional Academy Award nominations, a Peabody Award, three Emmy Awards, two additional Emmy nominations, two Writers Guild Award nominations, a Producers Guild Award nomination, and a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award.He taught at the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford (d.school). <mask> has been a lecturer at the Stanford Graduate School of Business since 2001. Selected filmography

You Don't Have to Die (1988)
Crack USA: County Under Siege (1989)
The Cocaine War: Lost in Bolivia (1992)
Assassinated: the Last Days of Kennedy and King (1998)
Crime & Punishment (2002)
Twin Towers (2002)
Live! (2007)
Nanking (2007)
Soundtrack for a Revolution (2009)
Knife Fight (2012)
Only the Dead (2015)
Sublime (2019)
 That Animal Rescue Show (2020)
 Groomed (2021)

References

External links

American film producers
Living people
Directors of Best Documentary Short Subject Academy Award winners
American film directors
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Bill Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag
Guttentag


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Sir <mask>  (21 September 1931 – 12 December 2021) was a Papua New Guinean politician who served as the eighth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea from 29 June 2004 to 13 December 2010. His memoir My Childhood in New Guinea has been on the school curriculum since the 1970s. He was a long-time contributor and columnist for The National. Biography

Personal life
<mask> was born on 21 September 1931 in Viviran village, Vunadidir-Toma Rural LLG, East New Britain Province. He was a Tolai, a native speaker of Kuanua, and a staunch United Churchman. He wrote 44 books which deliberately use extremely simple English, focusing in part on his own overseas travels, including three on the State of Israel. His writing is intended to persuade Papua New Guineans that books are a useful source of information and that they should not regard them as something only for foreigners.For many years <mask> wrote a column in the Malaysian Chinese-owned newspaper The National, containing advice for the younger generation. He also founded the United News Agency of Melanesia. He, together with Grand Chief the Right Honourable Michael Somare, made a point of wearing a lap-lap (skirt) rather than trousers. He was married to Lady Kaludia <mask> who served her country with "great distinction" and died on 20 December 2016. Education and early career
Matane attended Toma Village Higher (later Tauran Primary) School and then Keravat High School. Beginning in 1956 he studied at Sogeri Teachers' College and from 1963 he attended Port Moresby Teachers' College and Mendi for Inspector’s Theoretical and Practical Training. At the end of his training he worked as an inspector of schools.Ambassador to the United States and United Nations
<mask> served as the first Papua New Guinean Ambassador to the United States in the years 1975–76 following the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. He was also PNG's Ambassador to the United Nations from 1975 and in 1979 was elected as a vice-president of the General Assembly. In the mid-1980s he was Secretary of Papua New Guinea's Foreign Affairs Department and led delegations to Australia to discuss that country's foreign aid to PNG and negotiated with Indonesia regarding border incursions and refugee problems. Governor-General
<mask> was elected Governor-General by Parliament on 27 May 2004, receiving 50 votes, while his opponent, Sir Pato Kakeraya received 46 votes. Attempts to elect a Governor-General had failed repeatedly for six months before <mask>'s election because of constitutional flaws in the nomination process. Following <mask>'s election, Kakaraya brought a petition to the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea, seeking to invalidate the election. <mask> was sworn in on 29 June 2004, although the legal challenge to his election was still ongoing.He was officially invested as Governor-General by Queen Elizabeth II on 13 October 2004. He was reappointed for a second term in June 2010, under what The National called "very controversial circumstances [...], in an act likely to be challenged in court". Specifically, The National reported that there was "conflicting advice from the speaker and the prime minister" regarding the proper procedure for the appointment, and that the government had Matane reappointed by "using section 87(5) of the Constitution, arguing that the absolute majority secured for Sir <mask> meant that the exhaustive secret ballot vote was not required". The Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea ruled <mask>'s reelection unconstitutional in December 2010. Death
<mask> died on 12 December 2021 in his native village of Viviran. Books written by <mask> <mask>
 Kum Tumun of Minj, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1966 (Stories of Our People). What Good is Business?Here are Some Answers, Madang: Kristen Pres [1972]. Aimbe, the Challenger, Port Moresy: Niugini Press, 1974. Aimbe, the School Drop-out, Rabaul: Toksave na Buk Dipatmen, United Church, New Guinea Islands Region, 1977. Aimbe, the Magician, New York: Vantage Press, 1978. Aimbe, the Pastor: A Novel, Hicksville, New York: Exposition Press, 1979. Two Papua New Guineans Discover the Bible Lands, Rabaul: Trinity Press, 1987. To Serve With Love, Mount Waverley, Victoria: Dellasta Pacific, 1992.Let's Do It PNG! Inspirational Messages, Mount Waverley, Victoria: Dellasta Pacific, 1994. Trekking Through the New Worlds, New Delhi: UBS Publishers' Distributors Ltd., 1995. My Childhood in New Guinea, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1996. 40th Anniversary: Amazing Discoveries in 40 Years of Marriage, Port Moresby: Sir <mask> Matane, 1996. Chit-Chat, South Melbourne: Addison Wesley Longman, 1996. Pawa na pipel!People and Power in Papua New Guinea, Woollahra, N.S.W. : Aid/Watch, [1996]. Laughter Made in PNG, New Delhi: UBSPD, 1997. Voyage to Antarctica, New Delhi: UBSPD, 1997. The Other Side of Port Moresby in pictures, New Delhi: UBSPD, 1998. A Trip of a Lifetime, Boroko:  Sir <mask> Matane, 1998. Management Problems in PNG: Some Solutions, New Delhi: UBSPD, 2000.Management for Excellence, New Delhi: UBSPD, 2001. Ripples in the South Pacific Ocean, New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2003. Time Traveller: A Journey Through the Heart of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby: Cassowary Books, 2005. Papua New Guinea: Land of Natural Beauty and Cultural Diversity, New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2005. Laughter: Its Concept and Papua New Guineans, New Delhi: CBS, 2007. Understanding Papua New Guinea, New Delhi: Scientific International, 2013. Joint author: M. L. Ahuja.Books for National Development, New Delhi: MEDTEC, an imprint of Scientific International Pvt. Ltd., [2013]. Joint author: M. L. Ahuja. Christianity: Faith and Holy Days, New Delhi: MEDTEC, an imprint of Scientific International Pvt. Ltd., 2014. Joint author: M. L. Ahuja. References

1931 births
2021 deaths
Ambassadors of Papua New Guinea to the United States
Governors-General of Papua New Guinea
Grand Companions of the Order of Logohu
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from East New Britain Province
Papua New Guinean Protestants

masks:
Paulias Nguna Matane
Matane
Matane
Matane
Matane
Matane
Matane
Matane
Matane
Paulias
Matane
Matane
Paulias
Matane
Paulias
Paulias


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<mask> (May 16, 1903 – September 3, 1966) was an American illustrator, known best for fifteen children's books about horses that he created in collaboration with writer Marguerite Henry. He illustrated over 150 books in his lifetime, including Anna Sewell's Black Beauty and John Steinbeck's The Red Pony. He also wrote and illustrated a few books of his own, among which are Flip, Flip and the Cows, Flip and the Morning, and Tumble. Biography

<mask> was born on May 16, 1903, in Falmouth, Massachusetts. He grew up on a farm on Cape Cod. He and his older brother Morgan both learned to draw specializing in farm animals, with preference for horses and dogs respectively. <mask> failed the US Naval Academy entrance exam and dropped out of school at age 17.He looked for work in Boston, where Morgan was a newspaper illustrator with the Boston Herald, and got a similar job at the Boston American by showing some of Morgan's work as his own. He found illustration jobs with several department stores, including Jordan Marsh and Filene's. He did not intend to become an artist. "Most of my new friends were spending the mornings at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts drawing from plaster casts. They wanted to be artists. They usually were broke." However, Morgan convinced him to try to make a living drawing horses.<mask> began by sketching racetrack winners, hoping to receive portrait commissions from the owners. This brought some success. He decided to further his education, and traveled to France to study with artist Lowes Dalbiac Luard, an expert on horse anatomy. In 1940, <mask> married Dorothy Schiller Boggs. In 1941, he published his first book, Flip, a "fanciful story about a pony named Flip and his desire to jump the brook." His illustrations attracted author Marguerite Henry, who later wrote, "I had just finished writing Justin Morgan Had a Horse, and wanted the best horse artist in the world to illustrate it. So I went to the library, studied the horse books, and immediately fell in love with the work of Will James and <mask>.When I found out that Will James was dead, I sent my manuscript to <mask>." Thus began a 20-year collaboration which resulted in the publication of 15 books. (Below there are 20 listings of books "written by Marguerite Henry", including two editions of Justin Morgan.) Also in 1941, <mask> visited Warrenton, Virginia. He purchased a farm there and made it his primary residence. <mask> was a resident of Warrenton at the time of his death in Falmouth at age 63. Falmouth was a summer residence.He had been ill for six months. He had suffered a heart attack. Reissues

During 2014 Simon & Schuster initiated a reissue of "deluxe hardcover editions of 20 of Henry's novels. The books feature a uniform cover look, and many include <mask>'s original art, digitally refreshed." The deal was arranged by an agent for the University of Minnesota, which inherited Henry's rights. The agent told Publishers Weekly that Henry had "shared all royalties from the books with <mask>, which is highly unusual", and that the <mask> estate will receive royalties from the new editions. Some of his illustrations had been dropped from latterday paperback editions.He sold most of the originals, which are thus unavailable today; the publisher says it is "cleaning up the artwork digitally to create as clean a scan as we can, working from existing reproductions." Books

Written by Marguerite Henry
The <mask> collaborations were published by Rand McNally except as noted. Portfolio of Horses (1952)  – page-counts and plate-counts do not match the 1964 book
 White Stallion of Lipizza (1964) – about the Vienna Spanish Riding School

Some of the books have also appeared without the <mask> illustrations. Beginning 2014 Simon & Schuster reissues a series of Marguerite Henry novels in "deluxe hardcover editions" with illustrations by <mask>, where applicable, digitally refreshed from existing reproductions. The first six volumes in the series are Henry–<mask> collaborations: King of the Wind, Brighty, and White Stallion (late 2014); Justin Morgan, Sea Star, and Stormy (early 2015). Other books illustrated
 Serpent’s Credo, written by George Faunce Whitcomb (1931)
 Flip, written by <mask> and the Cows, <mask> (1942)
 Riders of the Gabilans, Graham M. Dean (1944)
 The Red Pony, John Steinbeck (1945)
 Holiday, <mask> (1946)
 Golden Sovereign, Dorothy Lyons (1946)
 Black Beauty, the autobiography of a horse, Anna Sewell (1946)  [1877]
 Now Listen, Warden, Ray P. Holland (1946)
 Palomino and other horses, edited by <mask> (1950)
 Flip and the Morning, <mask> (1951)
 Fools Over Horses, Helen Orr Watson (1952)
 Lord Buff and The Silver Star, George Agnew Chamberlain (1955)
 Crow I Know, <mask> (1957)
 Tony the Pony, Lilian Moore (1959)
 Cammie's Choice, Jane McIlvaine [McClary] (1961)
 Cammie's Challenge, Jane McIlvaine [McClary] (1962)
 A Horse Called Mystery, Marjorie Reynolds (1964)
 Book of Ponies, Suzanne Wilding (1965)
 Ice Bird, a Christmas legend, Pauline B. Innis (1965)
 Small War of Sergeant Donkey, Maureen Daly (1966)
 Tumble, the story of a mustang, Dennis (1966)

Notes

References

External links

 The Art of Wesley Dennis (official?) Illustrations of famous horses (gallery), Esquire 1941–1942
 The Misty of Chincoteague Foundation – Misty, Chincoteague, Assateague, Marguerite Henry, and Wesley Dennis

1903 births
1966 deaths
American children's book illustrators
People from Falmouth, Massachusetts
People from Warrenton, Virginia

masks:
John Wesley Dennis
Dennis
Dennis
Dennis
Dennis
Wesley Dennis
Wesley Dennis
Dennis
Dennis
Wesley Dennis
Dennis
Dennis
Henry Dennis
Dennis
Wesley Dennis
Dennis
Dennislip
Dennis
Dennis
Dennis
Dennis
Dennis


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<mask> (July 20, 1930 – May 9, 2009) was an American basketball head coach. He led the Detroit Pistons to two consecutive National Basketball Association (NBA) championships in 1989 and 1990, and the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team ("The Dream Team") to the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. <mask> is a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee, being inducted in 1994 for his individual coaching career, and in 2010 was posthumously inducted as the head coach of the "Dream Team". The <mask> Lifetime Achievement Award is named after him. Early life
Born in Kane, Pennsylvania, to Earl and <mask> on July 20, 1930, <mask> attended Kane Area High School. He matriculated at St. Bonaventure University for one year before transferring to Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1952. After serving two years in the military, he began his basketball coaching career in 1955 at Punxsutawney Area High School in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania.College career
After compiling a 111–70 record in eight seasons at Punxsutawney High School, <mask> moved on to the college level in 1963 as an assistant coach under Vic Bubas at Duke University. During his six seasons at Duke, the Blue Devils won the Atlantic Coast Conference championship and advanced to the Final Four, both in 1964 and 1966. <mask> then replaced Bob Cousy as head coach at Boston College in 1969. The Eagles recorded an 11–13 record in <mask>'s first year at the school, and improved to 15–11 in 1971. <mask> became the head coach at the University of Pennsylvania in 1971, succeeding Dick Harter. Penn won 20 or more games and captured the Ivy League title in each of its first four seasons with <mask> at the helm. The most successful campaign was his first in 1972, when the Quakers recorded a 25–3 record overall (13–1 in their conference), and advanced to the NCAA East Regional Final, eventually losing to North Carolina.An additional significant success for <mask> was in 1979, when all five starters on Pennsylvania's Final Four team had initially been recruited by <mask>. His overall record after six seasons at Penn was 125–38 (74–10 within the Ivy League). NBA and national team career
In 1978, <mask> joined the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers as an assistant coach. During the 1981 season, the Cleveland Cavaliers hired him as the third head coach that season, but he was fired with a 9–32 record before the season ended. He then returned to the 76ers as a broadcaster until he was hired in 1983 by the Detroit Pistons. The Pistons, a franchise that had not recorded back-to-back winning seasons since the mid-1950s, made the NBA playoffs each year <mask> was head coach (1983–1992), and reached the NBA finals three times, winning two consecutive NBA championships in 1989 and 1990. While serving as the Pistons coach, <mask> was also a color commentator for TBS's NBA Playoff coverage.<mask> was named head coach of the U.S. Dream Team that won the gold medal at the 1992 Olympics, before moving his NBA career onto the New Jersey Nets for the 1992–93 season. <mask> stayed with the Nets for two seasons, before resigning over frustration over the immaturity of some of the players on his team. <mask> again took up a role as color commentator for TNT's NBA coverage during the mid-1990s. <mask> rejected an offer to coach the New York Knicks over the summer of 1995 after deciding he was not ready for the NBA coaching grind. He would return to coaching with the Orlando Magic at the beginning of the 1997–98 season. <mask> stayed two seasons with the Magic and then retired permanently. Death
<mask> was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in March 2009 and died on May 9, 2009, at the age of 78.He is buried at Riverside Memorial Park in Tequesta, Florida.

masks:
Charles Jerome Daly
Daly
Chuck Daly
Geraldine Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly
Daly


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<mask> (born October 31, 1980) is an American mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2006, he has competed for the UFC, Bellator MMA, and the World Series of Fighting. Amateur wrestling career
<mask> was a two-time state finalist and one-time state champion for Jefferson County High School in Dandridge, Tennessee before wrestling for the University of Findlay in Findlay, Ohio. <mask> recorded 112 victories during his collegiate career. He was the school's first NCAA national champion in any sport when he captured the 149 lbs national title in 2002. He won two other NCAA Division II crowns, one at 149 lbs in 2003 and another at 165 lbs in 2004. In 2004, he faced off with Shawn Silvis in the finals who also was a two-time national champion.<mask> won the match 8-6 and also won the Outstanding Wrestling award for the tournament. <mask> ranks 4th in career wins, 1st in season wins, 2nd in career takedowns, and 6th in season takedowns for the University of Findlay. In 2013, he joined the advisory board for Wrestler Supply, an online e-commerce site for high-end wrestling gear. Mixed martial arts career
<mask>'s interest in MMA sparked while he was training at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He was only there to train in wrestling, but he had the opportunity to briefly speak with Matt Lindland. Lindland was so influential that <mask> flew out to Oregon to train with Lindland and Randy Couture. <mask> held only a 1-0 amateur record before his team, Team Gurgel and Team Vision, requested he go pro.<mask>'s professional debut was against David Love at a local Hook 'N' Shoot event. <mask> lost the fight after he tapped out from a guillotine choke. He bounced back from the loss with two submission wins, improving his record to 2-1. In 2007, he lost to the more experienced Alonzo Martinez via submission from punches in the first round. <mask> racked up three wins before trying out for the ninth season of the Ultimate Fighter reality show. <mask> was selected as one of the contestants and brought in for the show. Before he could move in the TUF house, <mask> had to fight Santino DeFranco.After an impressive first round, which Dana White believed should not have gone to a second round because of the beating <mask> delivered to DeFranco, <mask> was defeated by submission early in the second round. <mask> took about five months off after losing on the Ultimate Fighter show, but then returned to fight for Bellator Fighting Championships. At Bellator 5, <mask> defeated Frank Caraballo via unanimous decision. In April 2010, <mask> defeated UFC veteran Steve Berger via KO midway through round one. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his UFC debut stepping in for Thiago Tavares against Melvin Guillard on May 29, 2010, at UFC 114. Guillard won the fight via KO due to a knee to the body as <mask> was attempting a takedown in the first round. <mask> fought Steve Lopez on September 25, 2010, at UFC 119.<mask> defeated Lopez via split decision earning his first UFC victory. On January 22, 2011, at UFC Fight Night 23, <mask> fought former Shooto welterweight champion, Willamy Freire. <mask> won the fight via unanimous decision after dominating his opponent with superior wrestling and effective ground and pound. <mask> lost to Nik Lentz on March 26, 2011, at UFC Fight Night 24. After <mask> won the first and second rounds convincingly, Lentz came back in the third and scored an impressive come-from-behind submission win. Following his loss to Lentz, <mask> was subsequently released from the promotion. Pro Elite
Lowe signed with ProElite in October 2011.He made his Pro Elite debut against Floyd Hodges at ProElite: Big Guns. <mask> won via TKO (doctor stoppage) at 5:00 of the second round. World Series of Fighting
<mask> made his WSOF debut at World Series of Fighting 2 where he defeated Cameron Dollar by knockout. For his second fight with the promotion, <mask> appeared on the main card in a fight against Georgi Karakhanyan at World Series of Fighting 5 on September 14, 2013. He lost the fight via submission in the first round. XFC Brazil
<mask> made his XFC Brazil debut, when he faced Marcos dos Santos at XFC International 4 on April 26, 2014. After three close rounds, <mask> would lose via split decision.However, following the fight, the result would later be turned to a no contest. In his next fight in the organization, <mask> faced Deivison Ribeiro for the XFC Featherweight Championship at XFC International 6 on September 27, 2014. He lost the fight via TKO in the fourth round. Return to Bellator
<mask> faced Ryan Quinn at Bellator 140 on July 17, 2015. He lost the fight by submission in the second round.

masks:
Michael Waylon Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe
Lowe


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<mask> (born 1 April 1949) is a Bosnian and French writer, author of books (poetry, novels, short stories, essays, research work, theater plays) written both in the French and Bosnian language. Biography
<mask> was born on 1 April 1949 in Sarajevo, FPR Yugoslavia (modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina), where she graduated from elementary school and high school (Sarajevo High school -lyceum- and Conservatory - School of music, and from the University of Sarajevo, where she studied oriental languages and literatures, Turkish, Arabic and Persian; also University of Sarajevo: Third Cycle or Post-graduated Thesis in General Linguistics and Turkology, PHD degree at The Faculty of Philosophy of Sarajevo in 1977; at the University of Paris – Sorbonne Nouvelle, she did the Thesis of National Doctorate (Doctorat d' Etatès Lettres) in 1984, on Sufism and History. Started as an Assistant and Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo, she was Professor of Oriental Literatures at the same Faculty, University of Sarajevo, 1988–1992 (she was expelled from the Faculty without reason). She was also Director of Research associated to the CNRS (French National Centre of Research) in 1992, and Professor of Languages, Literatures, History and Civilisation of the Balkans at the University Marc Bloch of Strasbourg; 2000–2002. She collaborated with French radio programs: Radio France Internationale, 1986–1993; France Culture, 1992–1996. In Sarajevo, <mask> was Director of the literary Revue «Književna riječ», Sarajevo (1973), Vice President of the Department of Oriental Studies at the Faculty of Philosophy, 1980–1984; Vice President of the Union of Translators of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1982–1985); Member of the Reading Panel or Editorial Board in the Veselin Masleša, publishing house, Sarajevo (until 1992); Member of the Editorial Board of the Revue «Kulture Istoka», Belgrade (until 1992). She is Member of The Asian Society (Sociétéasiatique), Paris, from 1984, Member of the Union of Writers of Bosnia, from 1974, Member of the international PEN Club, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 2006, Member of the Union of Writers of France, from 1996, member of the international PEN Club of France.She collaborated at revues in former Yugoslavia and Europe; she participated at International Conferences in Paris, Munich, Belgrade, Istanbul, Princeton, Philadelphia, Strasbourg, Venice, Jerusalem, Bamberg, Vienna, Tel Aviv, Berlin, Tunis, Sarajevo, etc. She gave Lectures at the Universities of former Yugoslavia (until 1992); University of Utrecht (1993); University of Strasbourg for the III cycle students of Turkology and History (2000–2003); University of Grenoble (2000); University of Brussels (2006); French Culture Centre of Luxembourg (2005), The Senate, in Paris (2007). Director of a literary review Književna sehara (www.balkan-sehara.com)

<mask> <mask> is a winner of the Stendhal French Literary Prize (Lauréate du programme Missions Stendhal) in 2008.and Literary Prize Gauchez- Pillippot 2014, winner of Prize of Public at the Balkans Book Fair (Salon du livre des Balkans), Paris 2018, winner of international Naji Naaman Honorary Prize for all of her work in 2018, winner of several bosnian literary prizes, namely those of the Publishing Foundation (Fodancija za izdavaštvo), Bosnia, 2015 - 2018...
She gave Interviews in different countries (for example at France Culture, France Inter, RFI, Belgium TV, Austrian TV, French TV and radios, etc.). Bosnian TV dedicated to her a 55 minutes broadcast (2001). Since 1977, <mask> <mask> has been living between Sarajevo and Paris, but since the war in the Balkans of 1992–1995, mostly in Paris, now as a freelance writer. In 2017, <mask> <mask> has signed the Declaration on the Common Language of the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins. Works

In French
Jasna Šamić, "Dîvan de Ķaimî: Vie et œuvre d'un poéte bosniaque du XVIIe siècle", Synthèse no.24 (Paris: Institut Français d'Etudes Anatoliennes, Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1986). Pp. 280. <mask> <mask>, Le pavillon bosniaque: novel, Dorval editions, 1996
<mask> <mask>, "Bosnie Pont des Deux Mondes", 1996
<mask> <mask>, "Histoire inachevée, (short stories)", éd. de l’Oeil sauvage, Bayonne, 1996. <mask> <mask>, "L’Amoureux des oiseaux (poetry and short stories)", Bf édition, Strasbourg, 2006. <mask> <mask>, "Portrait de Balthazar", novel, M.E.O., Bruxelles, 2012; Gauchez-Philippot Price.<mask> <mask>, "L'Empire des ombres", novel, Publibook, Paris, 2013. <mask> <mask>, "Le givre et la cendre", (novel), M.E.O, Briuxelles, 2015;
<mask> <mask>, "Trois histoires un destin", (pièces de théâtre), Harmattan, 2016. <mask> Šamić, "Dans le lit d'un rêve", M.E.O., Bruxelles, 2017
<mask> <mask>, "Les contrées des âmes errantes", M.E.O., Bruxelles, 2019. In Bosnian
<mask> <mask>, "Isjećeni trenuci (poetry)", Svjetlost, Sarajevo, 1973. <mask> Samic, "U hladu druge kože (poetry)", V. Masleša, Sarajevo, 1980. <mask> <mask>, "Iz bilježaka Babur Šaha (poetry)", Svjetlost, Sarajevo, 1986. <mask> Šamić, "Drame (theater)", Bosanska rijec, 2006
<mask> <mask>, "Carstvo sjenki" (novel), Zoro, Sarajevo-Zagreb, 2007
<mask> <mask>, "Na Seni barka", (short stories), Bosanska rijec, 2008
<mask> <mask>, "Mistika i mistika", (essay), Plima, Cetinje, 2010.<mask> <mask>, "Mozart" (novel), Sahinpasic, Sarajevo, 2013
<mask> <mask>, "Mistika i mistika"(essay), Buybook, Sarajevo, 2014;
<mask> Šamić "Na postelji od sna" (poetry), Bosnia and Herzegovina Publishing Award Foundation, Dobra knjiga, Sarajevo, 2015
<mask> Šamić "Predjeli lutajućih duša" (novel, first part of the trilogy, Bosnia and Herzegovina Publishing Award Foundation, Planjax, 2017
<mask> Šamić "Carstvo sjenki", (novel) Factum, Beograd, 2018
<mask> Šamić "Svjetlo mraka" (poetry) Dobra knjiga, Sarajevo, 2018
<mask> <mask>, "Deveti val", (novel) Cetinje: OKF; Beograd: Factum izdavaštvo; Sarajevo: Buybook, 2018. <mask> Šamić "Medo prekinuo seosku idilu", (children's books) with illustrations by Mario Mikulić, (RABIC, Sarajevo, 2018)

Films
 Les Nakshibendis de Visoko, documentary, 1986. Où sont les Bektâchî de Bosnie ?, documentary,1986. Une ville l’amour la mort, documentary – production "Festival de toutes les cultures", Paris, 1995. 1900 Sarajevo Paris, documentary, production TV Bosnia and Herzégovina, 2000. L’Artiste et son gâteau, short, 2004. Bonjour mon amour, j’ai seize ans, short, 2005.Promenade, short; 2007. Quo vadis 68 Paris Sarajevo, documentary May 68, 60', coproduction FTV and Festival « Sarajevska zima »
 Coucher auprès du ciel – un souvenir mis en images, documentary, IPI, Parimages, ASJA, Paris 2010
 A number of documentaries for Bosnian TV, TVSA 2013 -2015

Theater direction

 Iz biljezaka Babur Saha; Pozoriste mladih, Sarajevo, 1987 (published in Iz Biljezaka Babur Saha, Svjetlost, 1986). Souvenir d’une vie (Memory of a lifetime), Proscenium Theatre, Paris, 1996 (published in DRAMA, Bosanska Rijec, Wuppertal-Tuzla 2007). Meeting (Susret), SARTR, Sarajevo, 1998 (published in Drama, Bosanska Rijec, Wuppertal-Tuzla 2007). Double Exile (Dvostruki exil), Sarajevo, 1999. Call (Telefonski poziv) (based on the short story of Jasna Samic, published in Valcer, Media press, Sarajevo), Kamerni teatar 55, Sarajevo 1999. Avant que n’apparraisse le Messager de la Mort, The festival "Bascarsijske noci 2007, Muzej Knjizevnosti - Mak, Sarajevo, 2000 (published in l’Amoureux des oiseaux, bilingual, Bf éditions, Strasbourg, 2007).Miniatures, Bosnjacki Institute, Sarajevo, 2008. D’un Soleil à l’autre (From one sun to the other one), Maison du Patrimoine, L’Haÿ - les-Roses, 2009. Theater " L’aire Falguière", Paris, 2009. Anniversaire, text and direction by <mask> Samic, Bar de l’Industrie, Montreil, Paris, 2011 ;
 Portrait de Balthazar, text and direction by <mask> Samic, Maison des associations, Paris, 2012;
 Les souvenirs plus lourds que le roc, text and direction by <mask> Samic, Théâtre de Syldavie, Maisons d’Europe et d’Orient, Paris, 2014

References

 <mask> Samic, Anniversaire

External links
Interview: Samic
http://www.sildav.org/pdf/QUOVADIS.pdf

1949 births
Living people
Signatories of the Declaration on the Common Language

masks:
Jasna Šamić
Jasna Šamić
Jasna Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Jasna
Jasna
Jasna
Jasna
Šamić
Jasna
Jasna
Jasna
Jasna
Jasna


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<mask> (born November 14, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Her work has blended elements of gothic rock, doom metal, and folk music. Raised in Northern California with a country musician father, <mask> began writing and recording songs during her childhood. She earned underground critical acclaim for her releases, The Grime and the Glow (2010) and Apokalypsis (2011), which blended gothic and folk elements, as well as her following albums, Pain Is Beauty (2013), Abyss (2015), and Hiss Spun (2017), in which <mask> incorporated elements of neofolk, electronic and heavy metal. Early life
<mask> was born in Roseville, California, She is of English, Norwegian, and German descent. She was raised in Roseville and Sacramento. Her father was in a country band and owned a home studio.By the age of 7, she had written her first poem and by the age of 9, had written and recorded songs which she later described as "basically Casio-based gothy R&B songs". Of her childhood, <mask> said, "I grew up pretty fast. I had older sisters. By the time I was 11, I was drinking 40s." She also struggled with sleep paralysis as a child and through her teens, which landed her in the hospital for sleep studies; these experiences eventually became material for her albums Abyss and Hiss Spun. <mask> lived with her grandmother during a part of her childhood, who taught her about aromatherapy, Reiki and "other realms". Career

2006: Mistake in Parting
In 2006 <mask> composed an album, titled Mistake in Parting, which was never officially released.Of the album, <mask> said: "I was 21 years old and wrote a shitty singer-songwriter breakup album. I didn't even really want to be a musician back then, but a lot of my friends were like 'let's do this, I've got some producer friends' and they helped me make this over-produced, terrible record... I sort of took a break from music for a while since I wasn't happy with what I was making". <mask> later commented that she scrapped the album largely because it had been written about events in her personal life: "I was writing really personal stuff about my own life, and I didn't feel comfortable at all... I didn't want [my music] to be so much about myself, and I just had to find a new perspective". 2010–2012: The Grime and the Glow and Apokalypsis
<mask>'s first widely released album, The Grime and the Glow (2010), was issued on New York-based independent label Pendu Sound Recordings, preceded that same year by the limited-edition albums Soundtrack VHS/Gold and Soundtrack VHS II. Her next album, Apokalypsis (2011), stylized as Ἀποκάλυψις, gained her an underground following, as well as critical acclaim, receiving favorable reviews in Pitchfork and CMJ.<mask> toured extensively in North America and Europe to support both albums, and suffered from extreme stage fright; when she initially began performing live, <mask> would wear a black veil over her face. "Performing was something that I had to learn," she said. "I could barely handle being onstage for the first few years, and it's the reason it took me so long to start my career as a musician". 2012–present: Sargent House

In 2012, <mask> covered five songs by British anarcho-punk band Rudimentary Peni, and issued them as A Tribute To Rudimentary Peni on February 17 as a free download via Pendu Sound. She later rerecorded the Peni songs with her band at Southern Studios in London, and released them as an EP, Prayer for the Unborn, in January 2013 on Southern Records. <mask> signed with the label Sargent House in 2012 to release her third album. Unknown Rooms: A Collection of Acoustic Songs was released on October 16, 2012, and featured a more folk-oriented sound, as opposed to her earlier work, which had been heavily centered on droning electric guitars and distortion.The acoustic album contained once-orphaned' songs", according to <mask>. On July 28, 2012, the first single, "The Way We Used To", was premiered on NPR. On September 20, the second single, "Appalachia," was premiered on The Fader

Wolfe released a live album, Live at Roadburn, on September 28, 2012, recorded that April 12 at the Roadburn Festival in Tilburg, Netherlands. <mask>'s fourth studio album, Pain Is Beauty, was released September 3, 2013, as well as an album trailer, followed by a supporting North American tour. During 2013 and 2014, <mask> released two split 7-inch singles with King Dude, Sing Songs Together... and Sing More Songs Together..., and a live EP, Chelsea <mask> Folkadelphia Session May 31, 2014. <mask> also contributed guest vocals to the American post-metal band Russian Circles' fifth studio album, Memorial, released in October 2013. <mask> and Russian Circles toured Europe together in late 2013.In 2014, she released a long-form film, Lone, featuring music from Pain Is Beauty and directed by Mark Pellington. "Carrion Flowers", "Iron Moon" and "After the Fall" were released as the second, third and the fourth singles, respectively, from her fourth album, Abyss (2015). On April 1, 2016, <mask> released the non-album 7-inch single "Hypnos", preceded by a music video on March 22. In January 2017, she announced a UK/European tour to begin in April. Her fifth studio album, Hiss Spun, was released by Sargent House on September 22, 2017. She also appeared in collaborations on the 2017 Myrkur album Mareridt and the 2018 Deafheaven album Ordinary Corrupt Human Love. In January 2019, <mask> teased a new untitled album on Twitter, writing only "2019".On March 12, she revealed that the upcoming album will be largely acoustic, is being recorded in the woods of Northern California, and is inspired by current events. Longtime collaborator Ben Chisholm is co-producing the album, featuring some guest players such as drummer Jess Gowrie. On June 18, 2019, <mask> announced her sixth studio album, Birth of Violence and released the first single off the album, "The Mother Road". The album was released on September 13, 2019. On May 14, 2020, <mask> and her friend and drummer Jess Gowrie announced their collaborative project Mrs. Piss and their debut album, Self-Surgery with release date on May 29, 2020, through Sargent House. In March 2021, <mask> teamed with Xiu Xiu to cover the song "One Hundred Years" by The Cure for Xiu Xiu's duets album Oh No. On May 26, 2021, "Diana," a collaboration between <mask>, bandmates Ben Chisholm and Jess Gowrie, and Tyler Bates was released as a part of the Dark Nights: Death Metal soundtrack.On September 21, 2021, <mask> released the B-Side of her sixth studio album, Birth of Violence, featuring the previously unreleased track "Green Altar" and a cover of Joni Mitchell's "Woodstock." A documentary detailing their 2019 tour was also released alongside it. Collaborations
In April 2016, <mask> and bandmate Ben Chisholm were special guests for Converge's collaborative live performance, Blood Moon, along with Stephen Brodsky of Cave In and Steve Von Till of Neurosis. Limited to four European performances, the collective performed "ambient/post-rock interpretations" of various tracks from Converge's discography, particularly songs of their "lesser-heard and slower work". The first Blood Moon set took place at Postbahnhof in Berlin on April 11. The second took place at La Cartonnerie in Reims on April 12. The third took place at Electric Brixton in London on April 13.The fourth and final Blood Moon show took place at the Roadburn Festival in the Netherlands on April 16. On September 28, 2021, Converge announced that the band and <mask> have collaborated again for the former's 10th studio album Bloodmoon: I, set to be released on November 19, 2021. Equipment
She composed her first two albums on her mother's classical guitar, which was missing a tuning peg; as a result, the strings had to be tuned down, which was a stylistic element carried on to the studio recordings. Musical style and influences

<mask> has mentioned an array of artists and genres as influences, including black metal and Scandinavian folk music, but has said: "I do have a hard time sticking to one genre, and honestly I prefer it that way. I'd rather be free to experiment and make the kind of art I want to make than be easy to define." Various critics have noted elements of doom metal, drone metal, gothic rock, folk, lo-fi, electronic, noise, and dark ambient in her music. Aside from gothic and experimental, many critics have dubbed her sound "doom folk".<mask> has said: "I think deep down I wish I had one of those really gritty voices like Kurt Cobain, so maybe I'm making up for it with distorted guitars." Mojo described her music as "Siouxsie & The Banshees territory [...], with treated strings, echoing drums and lashings of reverb surrounding her double-tracked, crushed velvet voice". <mask> has expressed a strong affinity for R&B music, citing Aaliyah as a huge influence on her career since her childhood. She said, "I grew up listening to my dad playing guitar while singing harmonies... As a kid I wanted to record my own songs so he set me up with an 8-track. The vibe of those earliest songs was like, Aaliyah meets Fleetwood Mac – what I was listening to mixed with what my parents were listening to. "Age Ain't Nothing But a Number" was my favorite song back then." Other musical influences include Vladimir Vysotsky, Selda Bagcan, Nick Cave, Hank Williams, Townes Van Zandt, Suicide, SPK, various "1920s and '30s music", Joy Division, and more recently, Black Sabbath, Sunn O))), Deftones, and Neurosis.In the past she mentioned Burzum as an influence, but later said that she considers Burzum's political views as too extreme. <mask> has cited the visual elements of filmmaker Ingmar Bergman and photographer Nan Goldin as influences, as well as the writings of D.H. Lawrence and Ayn Rand. However, on September 24, 2015, she stated that with regard to her supposed affinity with Rand: "When I said I liked Ayn Rand many years ago I didn't know anything about what she stood for or what her books meant. I recant!". Other writers she has mentioned as inspirations include Marcel Proust, Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Sylvia Plath. Since 2011, <mask> has worked with New York-based costume designer and wardrobe stylist Jenni Hensler, whom she credits with helping her cultivate and develop her own original image. Hensler's costumes and styling work can be seen both in <mask>'s live performances and music videos, most recently in the video for "Be All Things."<mask> has been noted as having a soprano vocal range.

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Chelsea Joy Wolfe
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<mask> (; born 6 October 1982) is an Armenian-American chess grandmaster. A chess prodigy, he earned the title of grandmaster in 2000, at age 17. Aronian held the No. 2 position in the March 2014 FIDE world chess rankings with a rating of 2830, becoming the fourth-highest rated player in history. <mask> won the FIDE World Cup in 2005 and 2017. He led the Armenian national team to the gold medals in the Chess Olympiads of 2006 (Turin), 2008 (Dresden) and 2012 (Istanbul) and at the World Team Chess Championship in Ningbo 2011. He won the FIDE Grand Prix 2008–2010, qualifying him for the Candidates Tournament for the World Chess Championship 2012.He was also world champion in Chess960 in 2006 and 2007, in rapid chess in 2009, and in blitz chess in 2010. <mask> Mashtots. In 2016, CNN called <mask> the "David Beckham of chess". <mask> announced his decision to transfer from the Armenian chess federation to the United States federation in late February 2021, citing a decline in government support for the sport as his motivation.The transfer was completed in December 2021. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 6 October 1982 in Yerevan, Armenia (then part of the Soviet Union), to Seda Avagyan, an Armenian mining engineer, and Grigory Leontievich Aronov, a Russian Jewish physicist from the Vitebsk Region, Belarus. Talking about his background, <mask> stated in an interview, "I feel much more Armenian than Jewish, although there are sides to me which are more Jewish culturally, involving the arts and music." He was taught to play chess by his sister, Lilit, at the age of nine. His first coach was Grandmaster Melikset Khachiyan. An early sign of his ability came when he won the 1994 World Youth Chess Championship (under-12) in Szeged with 8/9, ahead of future luminaries Étienne Bacrot, Ruslan Ponomariov, Francisco Vallejo Pons, and Alexander Grischuk. Since 2011, Aronian's permanent trainer has been Ashot Nadanian, whom Aronian calls "absolutely irreplaceable".<mask> holds a diploma from the Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture. Career

Early years: 2001–2004
In 2001, Aronian scored seven out of nine in the Cappelle-la-Grande Open, half a point behind the joint winners Einar Gausel and Vladimir Chuchelov. A few months later, he won the Young Masters tournament at Lausanne. In 2002, he won the Armenian Chess Championship. In the same year he became World Junior Champion, scoring 10/13 and finishing ahead of Surya Ganguly, Artyom Timofeev, Luke McShane, Bu Xiangzhi, Pentala Harikrishna, and others. <mask> made his debut at the FIDE World Chess Championship in 2004. In the first round, he played and won against thirteen-year-old Magnus Carlsen, who was also making his debut at the tournament.He progressed to the third round, where he lost to Pavel Smirnov. 2005–2006
<mask> <mask> became part of the international elite in 2005, rated tenth in the world by Elo rating. In 2005, he was part of a five-way tie for first place at the Gibtelecom Masters in Gibraltar with Zahar Efimenko, Kiril Georgiev, Alexei Shirov and Emil Sutovsky. He also won the Karabakh 2005 International "A" Tournament. In the Russian Team Championship, he scored five wins, three draws and no losses with an Elo performance rating around 2850. In December he beat Ruslan Ponomariov of Ukraine in the final round to win the World Cup in Khanty Mansiysk, Russia. In March 2006, <mask> won the annual Linares chess tournament, half a point ahead of Teimour Radjabov and then-World Chess Champion Veselin Topalov.In November 2006 he tied for first in the Tal Memorial chess competition. The April–July 2006 FIDE rating list ranked Aronian the third highest rated player in the world. Armenia won its first ever Chess Olympiad at the 37th Chess Olympiad. 2007–2008
In January 2007, <mask> shared first place at the category 19 Corus chess tournament in Wijk aan Zee along with Veselin Topalov and Radjabov. All three scored 8.5/13. In May 2007, he defeated World Champion Vladimir Kramnik 4–2 in a rapid chess match. His 2005 World Cup victory qualified him for the Candidates Tournament of the World Chess Championship 2007, scheduled for May–June 2007.In this tournament he played GM Magnus Carlsen, and they tied 3–3 in the initial six games, then 2–2 in rapid chess, and finally <mask> won 2–0 in blitz chess. In the finals, he defeated Shirov 3½–2½. This qualified him for the final stage of the championship, which was played in Mexico. There, he scored six points out of 14, finishing seventh out of eight players. In January 2008, he won the Corus chess tournament jointly with Magnus Carlsen, scoring 8/13. In March 2008, he won the Melody Amber Blindfold/Rapid tournament held in Nice, France, 2½ points ahead of the nearest competitors. Apart from his first place win in the overall tournament, he also took sole first place in the rapid section of the tournament and shared first place in the Blindfold section with three other chess grandmasters: Kramnik, Morozevich, and Topalov.In June 2008, <mask> won the Karen Asrian Memorial Rapid chess tournament in Yerevan. At the Second FIDE Grand Prix in Sochi, Aronian defeated Alexander Grischuk in the final and finished at 8½/13 and a performance rating of 2816. <mask> won the 38th Chess Olympiad in Dresden with the Armenia national chess team, winning gold for the second time in a row. 2009–2010
<mask> won the Fourth FIDE Grand Prix in April 2009 with a score of 8½/13, one point ahead of Peter Leko and fellow Armenian Vladimir Akopian. On 2 August 2009, <mask> won the World Rapid Chess Championship. After winning the Bilbao Chess Masters Final in September 2009, his FIDE rating was just four points behind World Champion Viswanathan Anand. In November 2009, he competed in the Mikhail Tal Memorial and finished in fourth place.In December 2009, <mask> was awarded the title of "Honoured Master of Sport of the Republic of Armenia". <mask> won the FIDE Grand Prix 2008–2010, qualifying him for the Candidates tournament for the World Chess Championship 2012. In August 2010, he unsuccessfully defended the World Rapid Chess title, losing to eventual champion Gata Kamsky. In September 2010, <mask> played in the preliminary stage of the Bilbao Grand Slam in Shanghai against Vladimir Kramnik, Alexei Shirov, and Wang Hao, but could not qualify for the final tournament after losing to Kramnik. In November 2010, he shared first at the category XXI Tal Memorial. He also won the 2010 World Blitz Chess Championship in Moscow. 2011–2012
In January 2011, he tied for 3rd with Magnus Carlsen in the 73rd Tata Steel Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee.In March 2011, he won the final Melody Amber Blindfold/Rapid tournament for the third time. In November 2011, <mask> played in the Tal Memorial in Moscow in a round robin with ten players. He tied for first with Magnus Carlsen, with both scoring 5½/9. In January 2012, <mask> competed in the Tata Steel Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee; the field included world No. 1 Magnus Carlsen, defending champion Hikaru Nakamura, and former world champion Veselin Topalov, among others. <mask> had a tournament performance rating of 2891, taking first place ahead of Carlsen, Radjabov and Fabiano Caruana. The Bilbao Chess Masters Final 2012 took place in October, in which <mask> came in third place.In December 2012, <mask> competed in the London Chess Classic, coming in sixth place with one win, 5 draws and 2 losses. Later that month, he won the SportAccord World Mind Games, a blindfold tournament, in Beijing. 2013–2014
In the Tata Steel Chess Tournament in January, <mask> finished second with five wins, one loss and seven draws, in second place behind Carlsen. <mask> finished fourth in the 2013 Candidates Tournament. In the 2013 Alekhine Memorial tournament, <mask> finished first, scoring three wins, one loss and five draws. <mask> participated in the 2014 Zurich Chess Challenge and tied for second place, along with Fabiano Caruana. He played in the 2014 Candidates Tournament, and finished tied second to last.2015–2016
<mask> played in the Tata Steel Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee, Netherlands. He scored one win, three losses and nine draws, for 5½/13 points. In February 2015, he played in the Grenke Chess Classic in Baden-Baden Germany, scoring 3½/7 points. Later that month, he played in the Zurich Chess Challenge 2015, winning the Blitz tournament with 4/5 points. He scored 4/10 points in the Classical tournament, and scored 3/5 points in the Rapid tournament. He finished 4th overall in the tournament. <mask> participated in the Grand Chess Tour, a series of three super tournaments (Norway Chess, Sinquefield Cup, and London Chess Classic) in which players try to accumulate the most Grand Chess Tour points through the three tournaments.In Norway Chess, he scored 3 points out of 9 (9th place in the tournament). On 1 September 2015, he won the 3rd Sinquefield Cup, held in Saint Louis Missouri, US, with a +3 score and wins over Fabiano Caruana, Hikaru Nakamura, and Wesley So. This result put him back up into the world's Top 10. He played in the Chess World Cup 2015, a knockout chess tournament played in Baku, Azerbaijan. This tournament was one of the last remaining qualifiers for the Chess Candidates Tournament 2016 (winner and runner-up will qualify), which determined the challenger to Magnus Carlsen in the World Chess Championship 2016. He was eliminated in

masks:
Levon Grigori Aronian
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 Round 2 by Grandmaster Alexander Areschenko. However, he qualified to play in the Candidates Tournament after he was selected by Armenian billionaire Samvel Karapetyan as the organizer's nominee.In October 2015, he participated in the World Rapid and Blitz Championship in Berlin, Germany. In the Rapid Championship, he placed 43rd overall, scoring 8½/15 points. In the Blitz, he placed 11th overall, scoring 13½/21 points. <mask> played in the European Chess Club Cup for Team Siberia Novosibirsk. Team Siberia, which also included Vladimir Kramnik, Alexander Grischuk, Li Chao, Wang Yue, Anton Korobov, Dmitry Kokarev, and Dmitry Bocharov, won the event. Aronian scored 5 draws out of the 5 games he played in the event. In December 2015, <mask> played in the final leg of the Grand Chess Tour, the London Chess Classic.In this tournament, he scored 5/9, with one victory against Veselin Topalov. Overall, he scored 22 Grand Tour Points out of a maximum 39 to earn himself a spot in the top 3 of the overall Tour standings, securing an invitation in the next Grand Chess Tour. 2017–2018
In April 2017, <mask> <mask> played in the Grenke Chess Classic in Baden-Baden, Germany. In the 7-round tournament, he scored 5½ points, winning first place, 1½ points ahead of Magnus Carlsen and Fabiano Caruana. On 16 June 2017, Aronian won the fifth edition of the Norway Chess Tournament (with a PR of 2918, and a full point ahead of nearest rivals), beating Magnus Carlsen, Vladimir Kramnik and Sergey Karjakin. In August 2017, <mask> placed joint-fourth out of ten players in the fifth edition of the Sinquefield Cup with a score of 5/9. On 18 August 2017, <mask> won the Saint Louis Rapid & Blitz with a score of 24½/36.In September 2017, <mask> won the World Cup, and in doing so qualified for the Candidates Tournament for the 2018 World Chess Championship. In November 2017, <mask> won the gold medal for individual performance in the European Team Chess Championship. In the same month, he tied for first with Dmitry Jakovenko in the FIDE Grand Prix in Palma de Mallorca. In December 2017, <mask> took fifth place in the World Blitz Chess Championship in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with a score of 14/21 including wins over Maxime Vachier-Lagrave and defending champion Sergey Karjakin.In January 2018, <mask> won the 16th Annual Gibraltar Chess Festival on tiebreaks, beating runner-up Maxime Vachier-Lagrave 2½–1½, with an overall record of 7½/10. From 31 March to 9 April 2018, <mask> competed in the 5th Grenke Chess Classic. He finished fifth with a score of 5/9. From 28 May to 7 June, he competed in the sixth edition of Norway Chess, placing sixth with 4/8 points.In August, he competed in the 6th Sinquefield Cup. He tied for first with Carlsen and Caruana on 5½/9, and jointly won the tournament after the trio decided to share the title. 2019
In August 2019, for the second time, <mask> won the Saint Louis Rapid & Blitz tournament. He scored 22/36, with 13 points from the Rapid section and 9 points from the Blitz section. He reached the quarter finals in the Chess World Cup 2019 held in Khanty-Mansiysk. On 10 November, he won the Superbet Rapid & Blitz tournament held in Bucharest. 2020
From 11 to 13 September, <mask> participated in the Chess 9LX 2020 Champions Showdown, where he obtained third place with 5.5/9 points, half a point behind joint leaders Hikaru Nakamura and Magnus Carlsen.From 5 to 16 October, <mask> participated in the 8th Altibox Norway Chess. He scored a total of 17.5 points, which earned him 3rd place. 2021
In February 2021, <mask> announced in a press release from the Saint Louis Chess Club that he would be switching federations from Armenia to the United States of America on the basis, among other things, of "the state's absolute indifference towards Armenian chess" and the ongoing war between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. <mask>'s official statement regarding this transfer is available on his official Facebook page. By the FIDE rating list at the time of the announcement, in which Aronian was the world number 5, that would make <mask> the US number 2. He left for the USA in September 2021. On July 4, <mask> won the Goldmoney Asian Rapid chess tournament, beating Vladislav Artemiev in the finals 2-0.<mask>'s prize was $30,000. On 20 and 21 November, Aronian played in the blitz portion of the Tata Steel India Chess Tournament. He clinched first place by defeating GM Arjun Erigaisi in the Armaggedon. From 26–28 December 2021, Aronian participated in the 2021 FIDE World Rapid Championship, where he ended up in seventh place with 9/13 points after tiebreaks. He also participated in the World Blitz Chess Championship from 29–30 December, where he scored 14/21 points to obtain 5th place. Team competitions

<mask> played for Armenia in the Chess Olympiads of 1996, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. He took team bronze medal in 2004 and team gold medal in 2006, 2008 and 2012.In the 2010 Chess Olympiad he won the silver medal for his individual performance on board one. In the 2012 Chess Olympiad Aronian won the gold medal on board one. Aronian was a member of the gold medal-winning Armenian team at the World Team Chess Championship in 2011, where he won the silver medal on board one. <mask> again competed for Armenia in the 2013 World Team Chess Championship, where he won the gold medal on board one. Elo rating
Aronian broke the 2800 rating barrier in the November 2010 FIDE world ranking with a rating of 2801. He is the sixth player to cross the 2800 rating mark, after Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kramnik, Viswanathan Anand, Veselin Topalov, and Magnus Carlsen. In March 2014 he reached a personal rating record of 2830, which is the fourth-highest rating ever attained, behind only Garry Kasparov, Magnus Carlsen, and Fabiano Caruana.Chess960

In 2003 <mask> won the Finet Chess960 open at Mainz; this qualified him for a match against Chess960 World Champion Peter Svidler at Mainz the following year, a match which he lost 4½–3½. He won the Finet Chess960 open tournament again in 2005 which earned him a rematch with Svidler in 2006, and won the match this time 5–3 to become Chess960 World Champion. In 2007, he successfully defended his title of Chess960 World Champion by beating Viswanathan Anand. He lost the title in 2009 to Hikaru Nakamura. In 2019 Aronian participated in the Chess960 event The Champions Showdown 9LX. There he faced Hikaru Nakamura in a series of 6 rapid and 14 blitz games. Despite gaining a lead early on, at one point leading with the score 7½–½, he ended up losing 11½–14½.Playing style
Viswanathan Anand called Aronian "a very gifted tactician", and said that "He's always looking for various little tricks to solve technical tasks." In 2011, Boris Gelfand described Aronian as "the most striking player around, with the highest creative level, in terms both of openings and original ideas in the middlegame." In a 2010 conference, Alexei Shirov said: "<mask> <mask> is the most successful player with an ultra-aggressive style. He achieves this result thanks to his rare intuition in the sharpest positions." In 2012, Sergey Karjakin, speaking about Aronian's style, made an analogy with football and compared him with Lionel Messi. As white, Aronian plays mainly 1. d4. According to Anand, "Though he opens with 1. d4, he treats these positions like an e4-player."<mask> is an expert in the Marshall Attack. Chess school
In 2012, together with Gabriel Sargissian, Aronian founded a chess school in Yerevan, where the most talented chess players between the ages of 10 and 18 can study. Personal life
<mask>'s mother, Seda Aronova, published a book about her son on 22 November 2013, recounting her memories of his childhood and accomplishments. He is a jazz fan. His favorite musician is John Coltrane. His favorite classical composers include Bach, Bruckner, Mahler, Shostakovich. <mask> started dating Filipino-Australian Woman International Master Arianne Caoili in 2008.The two announced their engagement in February 2015 and got married on 30 September 2017 in Yerevan. They had first met at the 1996 World Youth Chess Championships in Las Palmas and began a friendship in 2006, when their mutual friend International Master Alex Wohl reintroduced them in Berlin. On 30 March 2020, Aronian revealed on his Twitter account that Caoili had died. The Australian economist fell ill after seeming to have recovered from serious injuries sustained two weeks earlier in a car crash. He is currently dating Ani Ayvazyan, an international literature major at the American University of Armenia. See also
 Comparison of top chess players throughout history
 List of chess players by peak FIDE rating

References

External links

 Grandmaster Games Database – Levon Aronian
 Biography of <mask> Aronian
 Interview with <mask> Aronian
 Edward Winter's "Books about Leading Modern Chessplayers" (Chess Notes Feature Article)

1982 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Armenian chess players
American chess players
American people of Armenian descent
American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Chess Olympiad competitors
World Junior Chess Champions
World Youth Chess Champions
Sportspeople from Yerevan
Jewish chess players
Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture and Sport alumni
Armenian people of Jewish descent
Armenian people of Russian

masks: Aronian Aronian Levon Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Aronian Levon Aronian Aronian Levon Levon Levon Levon