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<mask>,  (born 2 February 1949) is a Scottish entrepreneur, philanthropist and author. His business interests include hotels, health clubs, spas, media, TV, and property. He is most famous for his appearance as a business angel on the BBC programme Dragons' Den. He was appointed an OBE for his contribution to charity. He has written seven books. Early life

<mask> was born in Dalmuir west of Glasgow. His father Bill had served in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in World War II and worked on the Burma Railway after being captured by the Japanese following the Fall of Singapore, he then worked in the foundry at the Clydebank Singer plant.As a child <mask> lived in one room with his parents and siblings in a large house shared with six other families. He attended Dalmuir Primary School where he displayed a talent for arithmetic and won a place at Clydebank High School after passing the Eleven plus exam. Most pupils owned a bicycle so he resolved to earn the money to buy one for himself. The local newsagent was not interested in employing him so she challenged him to find 100 new customers in return for a paper round. He called her bluff by returning with 100 names, but later reflected that it would have been more entrepreneurial to have sold the list. He only enjoyed PE and woodwork at the High School and left at 15 without any qualifications. In 1964, after a few weeks working for a local cabinet-maker he joined the Royal Navy, initially enlisting for twelve years as a junior second class engineering mechanic (stoker) at RNTE Shotley near Ipswich, better known as the boys' training establishment HMS Ganges.He served in the Navy for several years including a spell on the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle, before throwing an officer off a boat landing jetty in Scotland and receiving a dishonourable discharge. In his autobiography he claims this was in part a reaction to this officer's abuse of his authority, in part a dare by his shipmates and in part a way of getting out of the Navy, with which he had become disillusioned. Bannatyne was nineteen when this happened. After the incident he had to serve nine months in Colchester military detention centre. He later spent ten days in Glasgow's Barlinnie prison for not paying a £10 fine in relation to a charge of breach of the peace and resisting arrest. Career
Bannatyne spent his twenties moving from one job to another. Upon his return to Clydebank he trained as an agricultural vehicle fitter and then travelled around the country repairing tractors.He lived on the island of Jersey for four years from 1974 where he gained an HGV licence and earned a living through several jobs including deckchair attendant, ice cream seller and hospital porter. He also surfed, partied and met his first wife on the island. With Jersey's difficult business climate for outsiders, at age 29, Bannatyne and his wife moved to Stockton-on-Tees in North East England. He has stated that he was poor and did not have a bank account until the age of 30. His business career began almost immediately after his move to Stockton-on-Tees with an ice cream van purchased for £450. He soon expanded by buying more vans during the period of the Glasgow Ice Cream Wars. He sold the business for £28,000, founding a nursing home business called Quality Care Homes which he then sold for £26 million in 1997 and children's nursery chain Just Learning for £12 million.The Just Learning chief executive during the 1992–97 period was Michael Fallon while out of office as an MP. Bannatyne has since expanded into health clubs, with the Bannatyne Health Club & Spa chain to his name, and also hotels and property. He acquired 26 health clubs from Hilton Hotels in August 2006 at a price of £92 million. The Bannatyne Group is now the largest independent chain of health clubs in the United Kingdom with 71 sites. The business currently (June 2018) has 46 spas with plans for more, including at its first Northern Ireland-based health club in Belfast  and it operates 4 hotels. His wealth as of 2018, was estimated at £280 million by the Sunday Times Rich List. Bannatyne has written seven books: Anyone Can Do It, Wake Up and Change Your Life, How to be Smart With Your Money, How to be Smart With Your Time, 43 Mistakes Businesses Make, 37 Questions Everyone in Business Needs to Answer, and Riding The Storm.Television
From 2005 until 2015, <mask> was a Dragon on the BBC television series Dragons' Den. During his time on the show he invested in 36 businesses. In 2015, Bannatyne took part in the fifteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. His fee for taking part in the show was donated to the Operation Smile charity. In 2020, Bannatyne took part in the BBC series The Real Marigold Hotel. He joined other celebrities including Britt Ekland, Henry Blofeld, John Altman, Susie Blake, and Barbara Dickson. Charity works
Bannatyne received his OBE partly in recognition for his work with charities such as Mary's meals.He has funded several projects over a ten-year period in Romania, including Casa Bannatyne in Târgu-Mureş, a hospice for orphans with HIV and AIDS in which he invested £80,000. He established the Bannatyne Charitable Trust in March 2008. On 19 May 2008, Bannatyne added his support to the launch of the Geared for Giving Campaign at the House of Commons to encourage UK business leaders to set up and promote a Workplace Giving scheme to benefit UK registered charities with tax effective donations through employees' pay. He then helped to promote Clydesdale Bank's and Yorkshire Bank's efforts to promote the programme through ATM (Automated Teller Machine) rolls. "They are really going for it, over 20 per cent of their employees are giving money through this system", Bannatyne says. On 29 August 2008, Bannatyne appeared on television programme Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, raising £20,000 for charity NCH. He became President of the charity No Smoking Day in October 2008.The charity runs the annual health awareness campaign – helping people who want to stop smoking. This followed on from him making a documentary about the ethics of British American Tobacco. In August 2010, he agreed to become Patron of PC David Rathband's Blue Lamp Foundation, a charity established by the Northumbria Police Constable David Rathband, who was blinded by gunshot wounds in the 2010 Northumbria Police manhunt. Political activity
Bannatyne supported the Conservative Party under Margaret Thatcher, but switched to support New Labour under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. On appearing on the Question Time panel on 7 February 2008, he revealed having been a donor to the Labour Party under Blair. He also voiced his support for Brown, but criticised the Cabinet for what he described as "petty squabbles based on personal ambition". In March 2011, Bannatyne appeared to switch political affiliations again, by backing certain measures imposed in Chancellor George Osborne's budget even though he mocked the government a few months earlier.In April 2015, a week after signing a letter to The Daily Telegraph supporting the Conservative Party in the 2015 General Election, he reversed his position, and pledged his vote to Labour, praising leader Ed Miliband's "courage" in pledging to scrap non-domiciled tax status. Bannatyne voted for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union in the 2016 referendum on that issue. Personal life
Bannatyne married Nigora Whitehorn in Portugal on 3 June 2017. Bannatyne has four children by his first wife, Gail (m. 1983): Hollie, Abigail, Jennifer and Eve; two with his second wife, Joanne (m. 2006): Emily (b. 1999) and Thomas (b. 2002). He has several grandchildren, including Ava and Austin, from his eldest daughter.He currently lives in Portugal. <mask> was awarded an honorary doctorate of science by Glasgow Caledonian University on 5 July 2006 for services to business and charity. He was also awarded an honorary doctorate of business administration from Teesside University, on 6 February 2009. His sixtieth birthday was celebrated at Murano's in London, with celebrities such as David Coulthard, James Caan, Theo Paphitis and Anna Ryder Richardson. A second party was held in the North East of England and was headlined by UK soul singer Beverley Knight and featured Chesney Hawkes, with the festivities occurring in a converted warehouse in Darlington, County Durham. He openly discussed having had cosmetic surgery under his eyes on The Graham Norton Show; had an acting role in the Tyne Tees Television comedy pilot Girl's Club where amongst other actors, he performed alongside the actress Georgia Taylor. In 2011, he stated that he suffers from prosopagnosia, which makes it difficult to recognise familiar faces.References

External links

 Interview – April 2010

1949 births
Living people
Royal Navy sailors
Scottish businesspeople
Scottish non-fiction writers
People from Clydebank
People educated at Clydebank High School
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
British Eurosceptics
Labour Party (UK) donors
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series) participants

masks:
Duncan Walker Bannatyne
Bannatyne
Duncan
Duncan
Bannatyne


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<mask> is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He has won an MTV Movie Award, CINE Golden Eagle and Emmy Award. He directed the feature documentary The Short Game, winner of the SXSW Audience Award, which was acquired by Netflix to launch their Originals film division. He also directed Becoming Bond a documentary about George Lazenby, which won SXSW's Audience Award in the Visions category as well as the critically-acclaimed Too Funny to Fail, a documentary about The Dana Carvey Show. He is also the creator, director and executive producer of Behind the Mask, which earned Hulu its first ever Emmy nomination. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Saratoga Springs, New York. He was renowned as a child for his trampoline skills and expertise at the Sega Genesis.He graduated from Cornell University and the University of Oxford, earning an MFA in film from the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts. He won the 2007 MTV Movie Award for mtvU Best Filmmaker on Campus as well as the Coca-Cola Refreshing Filmmaker's Award while at USC. In 2011, <mask> directed and co-wrote Clinton Foundation: Celebrity Division for Funny or Die, a short spoof starring Bill Clinton, Matt Damon, Kevin Spacey, Sean Penn, Ben Stiller, Jack Black, Ted Danson, Mary Steenburgen and Kristen Wiig shot for the Clinton Foundation. It premiered at Bill Clinton's "Decade of Difference" party at the Hollywood Bowl. Film
<mask> directed the feature documentary The Short Game, which won the Audience Award at the 2013 SXSW Film Festival and was acquired by Netflix as its first exclusive documentary. The film was executive produced by Justin Timberlake and Jessica Biel. He also directed Becoming Bond, a Hulu-distributed documentary about the Australian actor George Lazenby who portrayed James Bond in  On Her Majesty's Secret Service, released in 2017.The film won SXSW's Audience Award in the Visions category and nominated for the festival's Adam Yauch Hornblower Award Nomination. It was also nominated for a Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival Audience Award. <mask> also directed Too Funny to Fail in 2017, a documentary about The Dana Carvey Show, also distributed by Hulu. <mask> made his narrative feature debut directing Barb and Star Go to Vista Del Mar, released in 2021. The film was written by and stars Kristen Wiig and Annie Mumolo, and also features Jamie Dornan, Damon Wayans Jr. and Wendi McLendon-Covey. In December 2021, it was announced that <mask> will direct the animated comedy film Strays starring Will Ferrell, Jamie Foxx, and Will Forte. <mask> created and directed Behind the Mask, a Hulu documentary series about sports mascots and the people in the costumes.The series earned Hulu its first Emmy nomination. He directed episodes of New Girl for Fox, Fresh Off the Boat for ABC, Single Parents for Fox, Bless This Mess for ABC as well as two episodes of Deadbeat for Hulu and, Border Patrol featured on episodes of Comedy Central's Atom TV, created Nickelodeon's Max & Shred (nominated for the Canadian Screen Awards' Best Children's or Youth Fiction Program or Series in 2016) and directed "Good Debbie Hunting", an episode of ABC's The Neighbors. He has written and directed projects for CBS, NBC, FOX and The CW. He also served as executive producer and director of The Playbook series for Netflix and directed the first episode, profiling NBA coach Doc Rivers. Commercials
<mask> collaborated with After-School All-Stars charity, directing commercials that feature the organization's founder, Arnold Schwarzenegger. A commercial featuring Schwarzenegger on Hollywood Boulevard and at Madame Tussauds Hollywood in character as the Terminator interacting with tourists received more than 25 million views on YouTube and was awarded the YouTube Ad of the Year.

masks:
Josh Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
Greenbaum
TV Greenbaum
Greenbaum


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James Michael "<mask>" O'Donnell (born January 25, 1937 in Philadelphia) is a former sports official who worked as a National Basketball Association (NBA) referee for 28 seasons from 1967 to 1995, and also as an umpire in Major League Baseball for four seasons from  to . He is the only person to officiate All-Star games in both Major League Baseball and the NBA. NBA career
As a referee, O'Donnell officiated in 2,134 NBA games (a record held until February 2006 that was broken by Dick Bavetta), 279 playoff games, and 40 NBA Finals games. O'Donnell was a respected official for his no-nonsense, flamboyant style. O'Donnell was not inclined to be intimidated or swayed by the home crowds. According to Harvey Pollack, a long-time statistician for the Philadelphia 76ers, O'Donnell was the most even-handed referee in regards to percentage of wins by road teams in games he officiated compared to other referees. O'Donnell was also respected for making the correct call and admitting errors when they occurred.He once took a group of reporters in a rental car to a local TV station to review the game tapes following a controversial finish to a 1981 NBA Playoffs game in Philadelphia that involved the 24-second shot clock and a complaint by then-Milwaukee Bucks head coach Don Nelson. O'Donnell announced his retirement as an official in the NBA on December 7, 1995, the same day the league's referees agreed to return to work following a lockout to start the 1995–96 NBA season. Clyde Drexler ejection
O'Donnell's final game of his officiating career was marred by a controversial ejection of the Houston Rockets' Clyde Drexler during the 1995 NBA Playoffs, which allegedly stemmed from a personal feud between the two at the time. In Game 1 of the second-round playoff matchup between the Rockets and Phoenix Suns, Drexler picked up two technical fouls, which resulted in an ejection, after arguing with O'Donnell over a questionable "clear path" foul against him while going for a loose ball with the Suns' Dan Majerle. This incident occurred after O'Donnell refused to shake hands at a pregame meeting with Drexler before the opening tipoff, which was the history during the previous couple of years. The Rockets complained to the league over O'Donnell's actions and sent a video tape to Commissioner David Stern showing the meeting of O'Donnell refusing to shake Drexler's hand. Elyse Lanier, the wife of Houston Mayor Bob Lanier, personally phoned Stern to complain about O'Donnell.The league responded to the incident by not assigning O'Donnell to officiate any additional playoff games that year, including the 1995 NBA Finals, which ended a string of 23 consecutive appearances in the Finals. The league also rescinded the standard $1,000 ejection fine to Drexler. The NBA never formally announced the suspension of O'Donnell, but paid him for working the first three playoff rounds, although he did not work past the second round. Both O'Donnell and the NBA have denied the impression that this incident led to O'Donnell being forced out of the league. At the time, O'Donnell claimed there was no feud between him and Drexler, stating, "I just don't take any crap from anyone, and he couldn't handle that. If he thinks it was personal, fine, but it wasn't from my standpoint." However a year later in an interview with ESPN  O'Donnell commented, "I wouldn't give Clyde Drexler much leeway because of the way he reacted with me all the time.I thought at times he would give cheap shots to people, and I just would not allow it." MLB career
As an umpire, O'Donnell's first game in the American League was September 17, 1968 between the Washington Senators and Cleveland Indians. O'Donnell was called up late in the 1968 season, along with former major league player and NBA referee Bill Kunkel, after two AL umpires, Al Salerno and Bill Valentine, were fired by league president Joe Cronin for attempting to organize a union among Junior Circuit umpires. During his short career in the majors, he worked 489 regular season games, the 1971 American League Championship Series between the Baltimore Orioles and the Oakland Athletics, and as the second-base umpire in the 1971 All-Star Game at Tiger Stadium. This game was most notable for Reggie Jackson's home run which hit off the right-center field rooftop transformer. He was also the third-base umpire for Jim Palmer's no-hitter on August 13, 1969. O'Donnell resigned from the AL after the 1971 season to concentrate on his burgeoning basketball officiating career.O'Donnell's final regular season baseball game saw him at second base when the Washington Senators were forced to forfeit their final game at Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium to the New York Yankees on September 30, 1971. The Senators held a 7–5 lead with two outs in the ninth inning when unruly fans invaded the field, prompting crew chief Jim Honochick to declare the Yankees the victors by a 9–0 count. The Senators moved to Arlington, Texas prior to the 1972 season and became the Texas Rangers. Due to the timing of O'Donnell's resignation from the AL, he did not work an event in the Dallas-Fort Worth area until the Dallas Mavericks joined the NBA in October 1980. O'Donnell also did not work another event in the District of Columbia, since the NBA's Bullets were in Baltimore at the time of his resignation and moved to Landover, Maryland in 1973, where they played at the Capital Centre before moving to the MCI Center in downtown Washington in 1997. Jim Evans, who was a fill-in for a handful of American League games in 1971, was named as O'Donnell's permanent replacement for the 1972 season. Evans went on to work nearly 28 seasons before he was forced out in 1999 by the failed mass resignation strategy of Major League Umpires Association President Richie Phillips, who coincidentally was a friend of O'Donnell's, as both lived in Philadelphia.Phillips was also the NBA Referee's Association President until he was forced out by Darell Garretson, with whom O'Donnell frequently clashed, in the 1980s. See also

 List of Major League Baseball umpires

References

National Basketball Association referees
1939 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Major League Baseball umpires


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<mask> (née Coney; 20 October 1938 – 2 September 2016) was a British public servant, Labour politician, activist, and teacher. She is best known for her work as Chair of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust between 1999 and 2011. Moberly was born in Fareham, Hampshire. Her father was in the Royal Navy meaning that the family moved around a lot. She was educated at seven schools, including a boarding school during her teenage years. Despite the disapproval of her father, she studied English at the University of Liverpool. She would later return to her studies, attending King's College London, and completed a doctorate in 1985.Moberly married in 1959. Her husband was an Anglican priest and she followed him to Northern Rhodesia when he was posted to a parish there. During her time in the country, that would soon become the independent Zambia, she taught at local schools and became involved in anti-racist politics. She became one of the few white women to join the United National Independence Party. The family moved back to England in 1967 when Moberly's husband became vicar of a church in the Diocese of Southwark. She continued her career in teaching, working at three different schools over a more than thirty-year period. Her last position before retirement was as Head of Sixth Form at Pimlico School.While teaching, she continued being politically active: she served as a Labour councillor, was active in the Anti-Apartheid Movement, and was even arrested in the 1970s during a protest outside Downing Street. <mask> was also a prolific public servant. She served on her local Area Health Authority in the 1970s and then on its successor the District Health Authority in the 1980s. She also served as a governor of Maudsley Hospital and Bethlem Royal Hospital in the 1970s, and as a governor of the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals (UMDS) in the 1980s. Having retired from teaching, she served as the Chair of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust between 1999 and 2011. She additionally served as a lay member of the General Medical Council in the 21st century. Her final public appointment, before retiring due to ill health, was as a member of the Committee on Standards in Public Life.Early life and education
<mask> was born on 20 October 1938 in Fareham, Hampshire, England. She was the youngest child of Gerald Coney, a Royal Navy officer, and Margaret Coney (née Jelf). Due to her father's career, the family moved around a lot: she had moved home 11 times by the age of ten. She was educated a six different schools before being sent to board at Sunny Hill School, an independent school. Having received a scholarship, she studied English language and literature at the University of Liverpool: she graduated with a first class honours Bachelor of Arts (BA Hons) degree. One of her lecturers was Kenneth Muir, the eminent Shakespeare scholar. Her father had not wanted her to attend university, stating that she was "fit only to be a cook".Moberly later undertook postgraduate studies at King's College London, completing her Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1985. Her doctoral thesis concerned the work of Charlotte Mary Yonge, a 19th-century novelist with links to the Oxford Movement and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. In November 2008, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science (DSc) degree by the London South Bank University in recognition of her "formidable contribution to health management and medical ethics, but also to education, and throughout her career, to the cause of anti-racism". Career

Teaching career
After leaving university, the newly married Moberly took on the role of vicar's wife. In 1963, her husband was posted to a church in Chingola, Northern Rhodesia. The following year, Northern Rhodesia became independent of British rule and was renamed Zambia. From 1964 to 1967, she taught at Chikola School, a local secondary school for black Africans.In 1967, the family returned to England and her husband was appointed Vicar of St Anselm's Church, Kennington, London in the Diocese of Southwark. She taught English at The John Roan School in Greenwich, from 1967 to 1968, and at Mary Datchelor School in Camberwell from 1968 to 1974. She then joined Pimlico School, where she was a senior teacher from 1974 to 1998 and the head of Sixth Form from 1985 to 1998. Political life
During her time in Zambia, Moberly became opposed to racial oppression and the Apartheid of neighbouring South Africa. She joined the United National Independence Party, becoming one of its few white female members. She also hosted political exiles from South Africa, including Zanele Dlamini Mbeki, future wife of Thabo Mbeki and First Lady of South Africa (1999–2008). Having returned to England, Moberly joined the Labour Party and was active in the Anti-Apartheid Movement.She was an elected councillor on Lambeth London Borough Council between 1971 and 1978. In the October 1974 General Election, she unsuccessfully stood as the Labour candidate in Marylebone, losing to conservative Kenneth Baker. In the early 1970, Moberly was arrested after a demonstration outside Downing Street: the protest was against the British government's inaction over the war in Rhodesia. She had been accused of throwing a placard stating "No Peace Without Majority Rule" at a car containing the then prime minister, Ted Heath: she was convicted of a breach of the peace. She was defended by the eminent barrister Dingle Foot. Her conviction was overturned on appeal, due in part because the Morning Star published a photograph of her under arrest but still holding the placard in question. Public service
Moberly was a member of the Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Area Health Authority from 1976 to 1981, and then of the Lambeth District Health Authority from 1981 to 1990.She was a lay member of the General Medical Council in 2002, and in 2003. Moberly served as a governor of Maudsley Hospital and Bethlem Royal Hospital, two psychiatric hospitals, from 1976 to 1978. She served as a governor of the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals (UMDS) from 1988 to 1990. She was a non-executive director of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust from 1997 until becoming its chairwomen. From 1999 to 2011, Moberly served as Chair of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. This was arguably the post for which she was best known. When she arrived there were clear issues with the trust: racial divisions meant that black nurses mainly worked on less prestigious wards such as elderly care, and consultant appointments were perceived as being affected Freemasonry membership.During her 12 years in charge, and having been "initially met with resistance from the predominantly white medical establishment", she strived for racial and gender diversity throughout trust. She was succeeded in the role by Sir Hugh Taylor, a retired civil servant. <mask>'s final public post was as a member of the Committee on Standards in Public Life, to which she was appointed on 17 May 2012. Due to her cancer diagnosis, she had stepped down from most of her other responsibilities, but also continued as a visitor at Brixton Prison. Personal life
In 1959, the then 20-year-old <mask> married Richard Hamilton <mask>, an Anglican priest. Together they had four children: two sons and two daughters. <mask> died on 2 September 2016, aged 77; she had cancer.References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Schoolteachers from Hampshire
People from Fareham
People educated at Bruton School for Girls
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Councillors in the London Borough of Lambeth
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Alumni of King's College London
United National Independence Party members
Deaths from cancer in the United Kingdom
Women councillors in England

masks:
Patricia Jane Moberly
Moberly
Moberly
Moberly
Patricia Coney
Moberly
Patricia Moberly


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<mask> (<mask>; 23 June 1902 – 3 December 1969) was a German stage-performer, silent-and-sound motion picture actor. Life and career

Early life
<mask> was born in Osnabrück, the only son of <mask> and his wife Louise. Raised in Osnabrück, Wiesbaden and Berlin, where he studied four terms of philosophy, history of art and languages, Wieman wanted to actually become an airplane technical designer and flier. He started his acting career on the stage in Berlin under the direction of Max Reinhardt at the Deutsches Theater. In the early 1920s, he was a member of the Holtorf-Truppe, a stock theater group that included future director Veit Harlan. His fellow stage actors included his future wife, Erika Meingast, Marlene Dietrich, Dora Gerson and Max Schreck (the vampire in Nosferatu). Later he began working in silent and sound films; he landed supporting roles in Assassination, Queen Louise and Land Without Women.In 1930, along with Leni Riefenstahl, he appeared in Storm over Mont Blanc, and in 1932 he played the lead in Riefenstahl's The Blue Light. At the height of his film career, during the decade of the 1930s, Wieman acted in such productions as Man Without a Name, L'Atlantide, The Countess of Monte Cristo, Fräulein Hoffmanns Erzählungen, The Rider on the White Horse, Victoria, Patriots, and Togger. In 1936 Wieman produced the Frankenburger Würfelspiel of the Nazi playwright Eberhard Wolfgang Möller in association with the 1936 Summer Olympics and the inauguration of the Dietrich-Eckart-Bühne, and also played the Black Knight. He also had an international success with his appearance in The Eternal Mask. The movie was awarded with the American National Board of Review Award for Best Foreign Film in the United States in 1937 (National Board of Review Awards 1937). The film was also nominated for an award at the Venice Film Festival. Also in 1937, Wieman was made Staatsschauspieler, an honorary title bestowed by the German government and the highest honour attainable by an actor in Germany.1940s and after

<mask> was classed as "persona non grata" by Joseph Goebbels, this greatly reduced his activity. He acted in the following movies in the 1940s: Ich klage an, Her Other Self, Paracelsus, Dreaming and How Do We Tell Our Children?. After the failed 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler happened in 1944, <mask> and his wife Erika helped the family of Count Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg. This assistance is detailed by Charlotte von der Schulenburg in the book Courageous Hearts: Women and the Anti-Hitler Plot of 1944
(Dorothee Von Meding, Berghahn Books, 1997). After World War II he was able to work more intensively in the film business again, normally in support roles. To his fairly well known work belongs No Greater Love, As Long as You're Near Me, The Last Summer, Ripening Youth, The Girl and the Legend, and opposite Ingrid Bergman in Roberto Rossellini's Fear. Two of the films <mask> starred in were in competition at the Cannes Film Festival: In 1952, No Greater Love; and in 1954, As Long as You're Near Me.Wieman also made many records (LPs) of classic stories where he would narrate the story accompanied by orchestral music. One example is Peter und der Wolf with <mask> and the Berlin Philharmonic in 1950 conducted by Fritz Lehmann and the Orchestre National de France in 1962 conducted by Lorin Maazel. Another example is <mask> kleine Diskothek. In 1992 Deutsche Grammophon issued a commemorative set of CDs in honour of the 100th anniversary of <mask>'s birth: Für Kenner & Kinder. Stage work

On stage, Wieman appeared in a number of productions including, Goethe's Faust, Pygmalion (play) by George Bernard Shaw, the most famous play of Italian playwright Luigi Pirandello, Six Characters in Search of an Author, and in Bertolt Brecht's In The Jungle of Cities (Im Dickicht der Städte). His many friends included such diverse people as Hanna Reitsch, Lida Baarova, Hans Fallada, Anny Ondra, and Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg. Later life
After World War II, <mask> moved to Switzerland with his wife, stage actress Erika Meingast, there in 1969 he died of cancer.<mask> and his wife Erika (died in 1972) were cremated and the ashes buried in the Wieman family plot in the Johannesfriedhof cemetery in Osnabrück. Honours
In 1958, his hometown of Osnabrück awarded him the prestigious Justus-Möser-Medaille for his achievements in acting on stage and screen. And in 1965, Wieman received the Bambi Award. Selected filmography

 A Free People (1925)
 Potsdam (1927)
 Der Sohn der Hagar (1927) as Dr. Friedlieb
 Out of the Mist (1927) as Grigori
 Mata Hari (1927) as Grigori
 Queen Louise (1927) as King Frederick William III
 Assassination (1927) as Irrsinniger
 The Merry Farmer (1927) as son Stephan Reuther
 The Runaway Girl (1928) as Vladimir Pekoff, ein Komponist
 Under the Lantern (1928) as Hans Grote
 Diary of a Coquette (1929) as Arzt
 Land Without Women (1929) as American Physician
 Love's Carnival (1930) as Hans Rudorff - Leutnant
 Storm over Mont Blanc (1930) as Walter Petersen
 The Golden Anchor (1932) as Marcus sein Sohn
 The Blue Light (1932) as Vigo
 The Countess of Monte Cristo (1932) as Stephan Riehl, Journalist
 L'Atlantide (1932) as Ivar Torstenson
 Man Without a Name (1932) as Dr. Alfred Sander
 Anna and Elizabeth (1933) as <mask>a
 Fräulein Hoffmanns Erzählungen (1933) as Benno Karden
 The Love Hotel (1933) as Klaus Petermann
 The Rider on the White Horse (1934) as Hauke Haien
 Achtung! Wer kennt diese Frau? (1934) as Artur von Bavro
 Das verlorene Tal (1934) as René von Eisten
 Little Dorrit (1934) as Arthur Clennam
 Suburban Cabaret (1935) as Josef Kernthaler, Bauzeichner
 The Eternal Mask (1935) as Dr. Dumartin
 Victoria (1935) as Johannes
 Togger (1937) as Peter Geis, Journalist
 Patriots (1937) as Peter Thomann - genannt Pierre
 Unternehmen Michael (1937) as Major Zur Linden
 Michelangelo: Life of a Titan (1938) (voice)
 Anna Favetti (1938) as Hemmstreet
 Die Hochzeitsreise (1939) as Dr. Paul Goethals
 Cadets (1939) as Rittmeister von Tzülow
 Ich klage an (1941) as Dr. Bernhard Lang
 Her Other Self (1941) as Ingenieur Martin
 Paracelsus (1943) as Ulrich von Hutten
 Man rede mir nicht von Liebe (1943) as Andreas Alwin
 Dreaming (1944) as Robert Schumann
 The Heart Must Be Silent (1944) as Dr. Paul Holzgruber
 How Do We Tell Our Children? Full length.Bust of <mask> recently discovered at the University of Vienna (in German). Blog (in German) by Thomas Hunziker about "The Eternal Mask" being shown at the 2010 Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival. "New York Times" review of "Unternehmen Michael" (The Private's Job). Cursor down to under "At the 86th St. Garden Theatre" for the review. Nugent, Frank S., "Goodbye Broadway," New York Times, 14 May 1938. Information about a portrait done of <mask> by artist Hans Jürgen Kallmann. 1902 births
1969 deaths
German male film actors
German male silent film actors
German male stage actors
People from the Province of Hanover
People from Osnabrück
20th-century German male actors

masks:
Mathias Wieman
Carl Heinrich Franz Mathias Wieman
Wieman
Carl Philipp Anton Wieman
Wieman
Mathias
Mathias
Mathias
Mathias Wiemans
Wieman
Wieman
Mathias
Mathias Test
Mathias Wieman
Mathias Wieman


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<mask> (also known as <mask>, born 1951) is painter and illustrator based in Oklahoma. She is a member of the Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama, a state-recognized tribe. Most known for her work in the Bacone flatstyle, Rorex-Bridges work typically reflects Native American and women of African descent as they live their daily lives. She has illustrated 16 books, including Crossing Bok Chitto by Tim Tingle (Choctaw) and was interviewed as part of the Oklahoma Native Artist Oral History Project at Oklahoma State University. Early life
<mask> was born in 1951 in Muskogee County, Oklahoma to Allie E. (née Stone) and Louis E. "Buster" Walker. Walker was raised on a farm near Oktaha, Oklahoma, along with her six siblings. Her mother's family claimed Cherokee heritage, and her maternal uncle was the internationally-known sculptor Willard Stone.She attended school in Oktaha and graduated in 1969 with the last class to attend the Old Oktaha High School. In 1971, she married Kenneth Rorex, with whom she had two sons. After her sons were older, Rorex returned to school in 1978, studying with Dick West and Ruthe Blalock Jones at Bacone College. After graduating as class salutatorian in 1980, she enrolled at Northeastern Oklahoma State University and graduated with a degree in graphic art. Career
Rorex's art uses the Bacone flatstyle, which employs little shading or dimension. Many of her paintings revolve around women, their work tending children and crops, and the different phases of their life, such as pregnancy, motherhood or friendship. She also incorporates symbolism, using native motifs like corn, and the sun and moon as woman's companion.Her figures typically are placed in landscape settings. She began exhibiting her art at regional events for Native American artists, winning numerous awards. She won the Jerome Tiger Memorial Award at the Trail of Tears Art Show hosted at the Cherokee Heritage Center in Park Hill, Oklahoma, for three consecutive years and won the award five times in total. In 1988, she was invited along with other artists to participate in the Cherokee Legends Exhibit at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian in Cherokee, North Carolina. In 1990, concerns with non-Indigenous people marketing imitation Native art led to passage of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act. Passage of the law meant that people who were not enrolled in recognized federal or state tribes or not tribally-designated artisans were unable to market their wares as "Indian artists". The law made it possible for violators to be subject to a five year prison term or fines up to $1,000,000.The passage of the law created factions — those who believed it eliminated false advertising and misappropriation of traditional knowledge, those who believed it prevented poseurs from impersonating Native people, and those like Rorex, whose livelihoods were threatened. Describing herself as a "Native American artist" while selling her paintings could have resulted in fines or jail time. Though the law made provisions for non-members to be certified as "artisans" by a recognized tribe, Rorex refused to petition the council, believing such a request would imply "that her family, relatives and ancestors were all frauds" and their resistance to enrollment was dishonorable. In 1991, when the Cherokee Tribal Council passed a resolution for her uncle Willard Stone to be a certified Cherokee artisan, Rorex and other members of the Stone family asked that the certification be withdrawn, as it recognized his work, but not his heritage. She was barred from participating in the exhibitions of the Five Civilized Tribes Museum, the Philbrook Museum of Art's American Indian Heritage Competition, or the Tsa-La-Gi Annual, among other events. The Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression took up her case and the argument of individual autonomy in violation of her First Amendment rights. No legislative action came of the involvement and in 1996, the protocols for enforcement of the act were finalized.Rorex was featured in a month-long solo exhibition in 1995, Harmony, Strength and the Spiritual: The Art of <mask> Rorex, held at the Institute for American Indian Studies in Washington, Connecticut. The following year, another solo exhibition hosted by the Red Cloud Gallery in St. Petersburg, Florida, showcased her art. The gallery had hosted some of her works over the previous five years, but the exhibition featured more than 200 pieces of her work. Around 2000, Rorex married James R. Bridges and changed her professional name to <mask>-Bridges. Though she continued to produce artworks, she had to market herself as an Oklahoma artist. The couple traveled extensively, marketing her works in 17 different states, participating in events like the annual Rio Grande Arts & Crafts Festival of Albuquerque, New Mexico and the Native American and Wildlife Art Festival of Atlanta. In 2011, Rorex-Bridges had to learn how to paint left-handed after a stroke.Changing her former stance, she became an enrolled member of the state-recognized Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama, a tribe whose validity is questioned by the three federally-recognized Cherokee tribal governments. Rorex-Bridges' work has been featured on the cover of numerous books and she has worked as an illustrator, having 16 nationally-published books to her credit. One of these, Crossing Bok Chitto, an award winning children's book by Tim Tingle (Choctaw) features 18 of her paintings to illustrate the story of a Choctaw girl who helped a slave boy escape from pre-Civil War Mississippi. Another series she painted, Sisters (1991–1995), focused on the interconnections between African and indigenous people, as well as their shared ancestry. The series highlights their shared history, as there were many people of African descent who were forcibly relocated with Native people in the Trail of Tears. In 2012, she was interviewed as part of the Oklahoma Native Artist Oral History Project of Oklahoma State University. In 2016, the State of Oklahoma passed legislation which barred people who were members of state recognized tribes from showing their works.Rorex-Bridges, Peggy Fontenot, and others were once again barred from participating in major Native Art shows. They were allowed to return to venues in 2017, after Peggy Fontenot filed a lawsuit challenging the law, and the Attorney General of the State of Oklahoma agreed to stay enforcement of the law while the case was pending. In 2019, the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma declared the state law unconstitutional, and permanently enjoined the law from being enforced in the future, on the grounds that the federal Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 preempted Oklahoma's more restrictive law. Since the federal statute allowed artists who were members of any tribe in the United States, the state law could not narrow that to artists who were members of a federally recognized tribe. That year, she was one of the artists featured in the Women of the Five Civilized Tribes Exhibit hosted by the Five Civilized Tribes Museum of Muskogee, Oklahoma. References

Citations

Bibliography

 and

 and
 and

 and
, , and

External links
Oral History Interview with <mask>-Bridges

1951 births
Living people
People from Muskogee County, Oklahoma
Bacone College alumni
Northeastern State University alumni
Cherokee artists
Native American women artists
American civil rights activists
Native American painters
Native American illustrators
Native American activists
American women activists
Native Americans' rights activists
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American women artists
American women illustrators
American illustrators
American women painters
20th-century American painters
21st-century American painters
Women civil rights activists
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American women

masks:
Jeanne Rorex Bridges
Jeanne Walker Rorex
Jeanne Walker
Jeanne Walker
Jeanne Rorex
Jeanne Rorex


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T. K<mask> (21 August 1921 – 17 May 2007), also known by his pen name Nakulan, was an Indian poet, professor of English, novelist, translator and short fiction writer, who wrote both in Tamil and English, and is known for his surrealism and experimentation as well as free verse. He served as Professor of English, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram for four decades. During his literary career which started in his forties, when he started writing in Ezhuthu, a literary magazine founded by C. S. Chellappa, he wrote a novel and six books of poems in English, and nine novels and five books of poems in Tamil. His English work was mostly published under his real name, while Tamil works often appeared under his pen name. He also wrote briefly under the pen name, S. Nayar(sp?). His symbolic novel Ninaivup Patai Nilakal (1972) is considered a milestone in Tamil literature and established him as an avant garde novelist.His other notable works in Tamil include, Nizhalgal, Naykal, Naveenante Diary Kurippukal, Ezhuthu <mask>l, Iruneenda <mask>l, Antha Manchal Nira Poonaikutty, and in English, Words to the Wind, 'Non-Being' and 'A Tamil Writer's Journal'. He received the Asan Memorial Award for Tamil Poetry in 1983. Early life and education
Born in 1921, in Kumbakonam, in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, Prof. <mask> moved to Thiruvananthapuram at age 14. Later he completed his MA in Tamil from Annamalai University, followed by M.A. in English from University of Kerala. He had an M.Phil. in Literature on Virginia Woolf's work.Career

He started serious writing only in 1960s, and was encouraged in pursuing the art by his good friend <mask>a Naa Subramoniam. Many of Nakulan's students acknowledge that he initiated them into the art of writing good poetry. He was widely read. He quietly influenced countless writers and artists who visited his house at Golf Links, Kaudiar, and had discussions with him, especially the young ones. Equally distinguished as a poet, translator, critic, anthologist, novelist and short fiction writer, his publications include a novel and six books of poems in English and nine novels and five books of poems in Tamil. His alter-ego Naveenan in his Tamil novels stands out as a modernist anti-hero who was perhaps the first of his kind in Tamil literature. He was one of the first writers to attempt techniques like stream of consciousness in Tamil literature ably.His use of the diary form in his novels like " Naveenan's Diary Jottings" was based on his admiration for the spirituality, philosophy and theology of the twentieth century (modern) mystic Simone Weil rather than influenced by writers like Anaïs Nin. His only novel in English was called "Words for the Wind." (1973). His English poetry collections include "Words to the Listening Air," "Non – Being" and "A Tamil Writer's Journal I, II and III". He wrote a long poem in English called "Raja Vembala." His short stories were frequently published by Pritish Nandy in the Illustrated Weekly of India. He has translated James Joyce, T. S. Eliot and K. Ayyappa Paniker, to name just a few.His best translation work may be the book  "The Little Sparrow" in which he devotes himself entirely to the great Subramania Bharati's writing. Although the influence of James Joyce was pronounced in his writings, it was more the metaphysical and religious thrust similar to T. S. Eliot's and the spareness of style of a Samuel Beckett that really made his works stand out. He was definitely a late Modernist moving into the realm of Post-Modernism. He never compromised in his writing or his life on what was expected of an artist. He retired as Professor of English, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram (University of Kerala) after serving for four decades, and started full-time freelance writing. His best known novels are Ninaivu Pathai, Naaikal (Dogs) and Vaakku Moolam (Confession). He was awarded the Asan Memorial Award for Tamil Poetry in 1983, and several other literary awards.Personal life
He was a bachelor. He died on 17 May 2007, at Thiruvananthapuram, at the age of 86. He had looked after his parents till they died and so their domestic help Purthai took care of him till the very end. Works
 English
 Words for the Wind. Writers Workshop, 1973. (as T.K<mask>)
 Routes of Evanescence: a cycle of poems.Samkaleen Prakashan, 1981. That Little Sparrow: poems from Subramanya Bharati, with Paratiyar. Zha Publications, 1982. A Tamil Writer's Journal I & II. Publisher: T.K. Duraiswamy, 1984. Words to the Listening Air.Atri Publishers. Non- Being
 Tamil Short stories
 Oru raathal irachi
 Hippies
 Oru naal
 Tamil
 Nillakal. Publisher Tamilp Puttakalayam, 1965. Kurukshetram: oru ilakkiyat tokuppu. Publisher Vir̲panai urimai, Tamil̲ Puttakālayam, 1968. Ninaivup patai. Publisher	Tas Puk Centar, 1972.Nāykal. Publisher	Turaicāmi, 1974. Navinaan tayari: naval. Publisher	Ilakkiyac Kankam, 1978. Mūnru: kavitaikal. Publisher Turaicami, 1979. Aintu: kavitaikal.Publisher T.K<mask>, 1981. <mask>tstānt kavitaikal. Publisher La Veliyitu, 1981. Ivarkal. Publisher Narmata, 1983. Curuti.Publisher	<mask>ni Patippakam, 1987. Gramam: nōval. Publisher	Sahityapr̲avarttaka Sahakaranasangham, 1991. Iru ninta kavitaikal. Publisher Virutcam, 1991. Vakkumulam. 1992.Nakulan̲ kataikal. Kavya, 1998. Nakulan kavithaikal (Selected poems). Ed. Sudalaimuthu Shanmugasundaram. Publisher Kavyā, 2001. Nakulan̲ katturaikal.Publisher Kavya, 2002. <mask>nnadiyahum kangal, ed. R. R. Srinivasan. Kāvyā, 2006. Nakulan Novelkal — Collection of Eight Novels of Nakulan. Kaavya, 2006. Notes

See also
 List of Indian writers

References

Further reading

External links
 Nakulan – a few poems (Tamil with English Translation)
 Nakulan in Tamil
 Writer Nakulan – Works, Collections, Poems, Memoirs (In Tamil)

Tamil-language writers
University of Kerala faculty
1921 births
2007 deaths
Tamil writers
Tamil poets
Writers from Thiruvananthapuram
University of Kerala alumni
Indian male novelists
20th-century Indian translators
English-language writers from India
English-language poets from India
Indian male short story writers
Annamalai University alumni
Scholars from Thiruvananthapuram
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian novelists
Indian male poets
20th-century Indian short story writers
Novelists from Kerala
Novelists from Tamil Nadu
People from Thanjavur district
20th-century Indian male writers

masks:
. Doraiswamy
Kathaika
Kathaika
Doraiswamy
Ka
. Doraiswamy
. Doraiswamy
Ko
Tara
Ka


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<mask> (also <mask> (21 August 1872 - 5 August 1942 was a German publisher, translator and author. Life
Diedrich Heinrich Corfitz/Korfiz <mask> was born into a German speaking family in Riga, where his father <mask> (1846–95) worked as a railway company director. His mother, Maria "Mia" <mask> (1845-1912:  sometimes identified in sources by her maiden name as Maria von Hedenström), was the daughter of a Protestant pastor from Sweden:  she achieved a measure of notability on her own account as a poet and novelist. <mask> attended school at the Gymnasium (secondary school) in Riga. At least one source refers to part of his childhood having been spent in Moscow, but most make no mention of this. If there was a period in Moscow it was almost certainly brief, and probably connected with his father's business as the director of a railway company:  by the time his father died, in 1895, <mask> was in Saratov, a large industrial far to the south of Moscow. In 1885 his parents separated, however.After the divorce, which appears to have followed only in 1890 when his father wished to marry someone else, he moved with his mother to briefly to Munich and from there to Lübeck in Germany. It was at the prestigious "Katharineum" ("humanistic secondary school") in  Lübeck that he completed the final two years of his schooling. A contemporary at the school (actually nearly three years younger than Holm) was Thomas Mann. During their time at the school, <mask> was assigned to help out as "Mann's gymnastics coach". Thomas Mann viewed the whole business of school gymnastics with intense dislike, but could on occasion be persuaded to compromise his principals to the extent of touching the horizontal exercise bars with his fingertips, while casting a look of withering contempt at the equipment. When it came to the more obviously cerebral aspects of the school curriculum, the future creator of Buddenbrooks and Zauberberg was, according to school reports, an adequately committed pupil; and while the school authorities refused to view his conduct in gymnastics classes with complete equanimity, Mann's rebellious aversion to organised exercise did not prevent a friendship from forming with his schoolboy "gymnastics coach". Later, when they were all grown up and <mask> had joined a publishing business, he intervened to help Mann obtain work with the Munich-based satirical magazine "Simplicissimus".<mask> was already 21 during the early summer of 1894 when, at a slightly older age than was conventional, he passed his "Reifeprüfung" ("Matriculation" - school graduation exam). He enrolled to study for a degree in Jurisprudence at Berlin University. That same year he moved on to Munich University, intending to stay for a year as part of his degree course. As matters turned out, Munich would remain his home city for the rest of his life, though it is not clear that he ever completed his degree. Soon after arriving in Munich he enrolled as an "Einjährig-Freiwilliger" for military service with the Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment, under a scheme which permitted applicants to undertake their military service over a reduced duration of just one year, provided they agreed to pay their own costs in respect of equipment, food and clothing. His first published poems appeared in the weekly magazine "Simplicissimus" in 1896. The new magazine had been launched by Albert Langen in April of that year.According to a story he later liked to relate, <mask> had come across Langen in the first place only because of confusion on the part of his mother between the art publisher "Josef Albert" and the magazine publisher "Albert Langen". Josef Albert seems to have been a printer of then fashionable coloured post cards. His premises only occupied the ground floor of the building into which <mask>'s mother marched while, armed with a list of possible "art publishers" compiled by her son, she sought out a publisher for some illustrated poems that her son had produced. (The illustrations had been produced by one of her own contacts in the Munich arts world.) Joseph Albert's large brass name plate, including the name "Albert", dominated the various signs by the entrance   It seems probable that the publisher of "Simplicissimus", Albert Langen, had his office on a higher floor in the same building. In any event, shortly after publishing some of <mask>'s poems, Langen agreed that the young man could help him, starting on 1 October 1896, as an unpaid internee. The interneeship quickly became a paid job.Langen himself had married the nineteen year-old Dagny Bjørnson Sautreau in 1896, after which it seems that <mask> was encouraged to take more responsibility within the business. By 1898 <mask> <mask> had gained his employer's confidence to the point at which he became a "Prokurist", contractually authorised to sign off certain agreements on behalf of Langen's publishing business. During the next few years titles by Heinrich Mann, Henrik Ibsen, Marcel Prévost and Verner von Heidenstam were published. Together, Langen and <mask> evidently made formidable team:  business was booming. In April 1909, however, Albert Langen died as a deferred consequence of Otitis media. After 1909 <mask> managed the business as a trustee ("Kurator" / "Treuhänder"). Meanwhile, in 1899 <mask> <mask> married the young widow Augusta "Annie" Ziemann (1872-1942), thereby instantly acquiring three step-children.<mask>  (1901-1978), the couple's fourth child, was born a couple of years following the marriage in Munich. In 1918 or 1919 <mask> became one of three co-owners of the Albert Langen publishing business. A further significant change in the ownership structure came about in 1932 when the Langen publishing business was merged with the Georg Müller publishing business. <mask> remained in post as "Mitgeschäftsführer" (loosely, "Joint-CEO") of the combined publishing firm "Albert Langen — Georg Müller Verlag GmbH" till his death in 1942. <mask> <mask> died in Munich after a long illness on 5 August 1942. Works
<mask> <mask> was the author of novels, short stories, poems and stage plays. His work can be classified as entertainment literature.He also published several engaging autobiographical volumes and shorter pieces about his childhood and years as a young man in Munich. He also translated works of literature into German from Russian, French and Danish. His translations of Gogol, still regarded as classics of their kind, found a particularly welcoming resonance with critics and readers. Output (selection)

as author

translations into German

Notes

References

1872 births
1942 deaths
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
19th-century German male writers
20th-century German male writers
German publishers (people)
German printers
20th-century publishers (people)
Translators from Danish
Translators from French
Translators from Russian
Translators to German
People from Riga
People from Lübeck

masks:
Korfiz Holm
Corfitz Holm
Holm
Diedrich Eduard Holm
Holm
Holm
Diedrich Holm
Holm
Holm
Holm
Holm
Holm
Holm
Holm
Korfiz
Holm
Holm
Holm
Korfiz
Holm
Edith Holm
Holm
Holm
Korfiz
Holm
Korfiz
Holm


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<mask> (c. 1800–1885) was a former enslaved woman from Virginia and Kentucky who became a community leader, philanthropist and aided settlement of former slaves during the time of Colorado's Gold Rush. She was known as the 'Angel of the Rockies' and made her mark as Colorado's first black settler and a prosperous entrepreneur. <mask> was born in Virginia in 1800  and moved to Logan County, Kentucky, with her family. She married another enslaved person when she was 18 and together they had four children. In 1835, <mask>'s family was broken apart when they were all sold to different slave owners. When <mask> was 56, she received her freedom but was required by law to leave the state. She worked her way west as a cook and laundress to Denver, Colorado.<mask> settled in the mining town now called Central City, Colorado where she worked as a laundress, cook, and midwife. With the money she made, she invested in properties and mines in nearby towns. Known as "<mask>" for her emotional and financial support, <mask> was a founding member of a Sunday school, made her home available for prayer services and generously supported the community. At the end of the Civil War, <mask> could freely travel and liquidated all of her investments to travel to Kentucky to find her daughter. Although she was unsuccessful, she paid the way for 16 or more relatives and others who were former slaves to move to Colorado. Finally, in 1882 she reunited with Eliza Jane and Eliza Jane's daughter. In 1885, the last year of her life, <mask> was voted into the Society of Colorado Pioneers for her role in Colorado's early history.Early life
<mask> was born into slavery near Independence, Missouri on January 1, 1800. At a young age <mask> and her mother were sold to Adam Smith, a Virginian tobacco farmer, and worked in the fields. She was then moved with the Smith family to Kentucky. <mask> married a slave named Richard at 18 years of age. Together they had four children: Richard, Margaret, Paulina Ann, and Eliza Jane. Sadly at 8 years of age Paulina, the twin sister to Eliza Jane drowned. In 1835 their owner, Ambrose Smith, died.To settle the estate <mask>'s family was brought to a slave auction, sold separately and sent to different, distant locations. A plantation owner from Kentucky, <mask>, sensed her intelligence and strength and placed high bids to attain her. Freedom

At the age of 56, <mask> was granted her freedom, as stipulated in <mask>'s will. She left the state upon receiving her freedom according to a Kentucky law. Kentucky to Colorado
<mask> was hired as a maid and cook by a family heading to the westward departure point of Leavenworth Kansas Territory. From there <mask> was hired by Colonel Benjamin Wadsworth in April 1859 to work on the wagon train as a cook for 26 men. It was a hot, difficult eight-week journey to Denver, Colorado, made more uncomfortable by the complaints of a southern man about a black woman traveling with them.<mask> is believed to be Colorado’s gold rush first African American woman. Denver and Central City
 In the Denver area, <mask> settled in nearby Auraria where she worked at the City Bakery. She was one of the founding members of the nondenominational Union Sunday school through her affiliation with two Methodist missionary ministers. Following the tide of miners heading into the mountains, <mask> set up the first laundry in Gilpin County in Gregory Gulch, now called Central City, Colorado. She also worked as a midwife, cook and nursemaid. <mask>'s income grew substantially when she expanded her laundry business after taking a partner. She invested her earnings in mine claims and land and within several years had accumulated $10,000 in savings and reportedly owned 16 lots in Denver, 7 houses in Central City, and property and mines in Boulder, Georgetown, and Idaho Springs.<mask> gave generously of herself to those in the community. She hosted the first Methodist church services at her house and helped those in need any way she could, whether newly settled Euro-Americans or Native Americans. Lovingly called "Aunt <mask>," her home was, "a hospital, a home, a general refuge for those who were sick or in poverty." She was quoted as saying, "I always go where Jesus calls me." The Catholic Church and the first Protestant church in the Rocky Mountains were built partly through <mask>'s donations toward their construction. Frank C. Young, who some called the Washington Irving of the Rockies said of <mask>:
In our little community everyone knew everyone else, whatever might be the positive differences in social position. In this connection, I might speak of Aunt <mask>.She was raised in old Kentucky, and with, she won freedom secured after years of persistent, patient toil, when well along in life she joined the procession of gold seekers to Gregory Gulch. Through the unusual returns of a mining camp for labor such as hers, she was able to bring out from the old plantation her children and later her children’s children [relatives]; and with them, whether aided by her efforts or stimulated by her example, have, year by year, come many others of her race, worthily represented by the Pointers, the Lees, the Nelsons and other families who are as tenacious of recognition as subjects of the 'little kingdom' as you or I may be. Attempts to find her family and aid to former slaves
 Letters were sent to locate her family with the aid of friends who could write. <mask> heard that her husband Richard and daughter Margaret had both died and her son Richard was lost, but she vowed to find her daughter Eliza Jane. At the end of the Civil War, she liquidated her holdings to travel back to Gallatin, Kentucky. She didn't find Eliza Jane, but she helped 16 (or 26) relatives and others who were former slaves travel to Colorado by train and wagon train and helped them find work once they were settled. <mask> also went to Kansas in 1879 to help former slaves "build a community and farm the land."At eighty years of age, <mask>'s funds were depleted through charitable contributions, her efforts to find her family, and having been cheated by real estate agents. <mask> moved to Denver when she could no longer sustain the higher altitude and lived in the home of a friend. After years of writing letters, <mask> heard that her daughter lived in Council Bluffs, Iowa and traveled there at 82 years of age to meet her. The Council Bluffs Nonpareil reported on March 4, 1882, that <mask> was "still strong, vigorous, tall, her hair thickly streaked with gray, her face kind." <mask> returned to Denver with her granddaughter after a lengthy visit and was later visited by her daughter, Eliza Jane, until <mask>'s death. In remembrance of her pioneering role in Colorado history, she was voted into the Society of Colorado Pioneers and interviewed by the Denver Tribune-Republican on June 26, 1885. Death and memorials
<mask> died in Denver on October 23, 1885 and was buried in Denver's Riverside Cemetery.Colorado state dignitaries were in attendance at her funeral, including Denver mayor John Long Routt and governor James Benton Grant. The Central City Opera House dedicated a permanent memorial chair in her name. <mask> is the subject of the opera Gabriel's Daughter by Henry Mollicone and William Luce, which premiered at Central City Opera in 2003. <mask> was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1989. See also
 History of slavery in Colorado
 List of African American pioneers of Colorado

Notes

References
 <mask> Biography (1800-1885). Biography Channel. A&E Network.Retrieved 13 June 2011. Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, <mask>. Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011. Hill, A. (1915).Colorado pioneers in picture and story. Denver: Brock-Hafner Press. Katz, W. (1995) Black Women of the Old West. Chapter 7, <mask> of Colorado. New York: Antheum Books for Young Readers, Simon and Schuster. .
 Reiter, Joan S. (1978). The Old West: The Women. Time-Life Books
 Varnell, Jeanne (1999).Women of Consequence: The Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. Boulder: Johnson Press. .
 Wishart, David J. (2004). "<mask>, "Aunt" <mask>". Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska Press. .

1800 births
1885 deaths
19th-century American slaves
Colorado Mining Boom
Society of Colorado Pioneers
People from Central City, Colorado
American midwives
People from Denver
Cowgirl Hall of Fame inductees
African-American history of Colorado
19th-century African-American women

masks:
Clara Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Aunt Clara
Brown
Brown
Clara Brown
Clara Brown
Clara
Clara
Brown
George Brown
Clara Brown
George Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Clara
Brown
Brown
Clara Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Clara Brown
Brown
Brown
Clara Brown
Clara Brown
Clara Brown
Brown
Clara


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<mask> (born 25 May 1973) is an Irish football manager and former footballer who is currently interim assistant manager of Colchester United. Dunne played as a defender in the Football League for Gillingham and Colchester United, and briefly played in the Conference for Dover Athletic. He once represented Republic of Ireland at under-21 level. His playing career was ended prematurely after suffering a series of injuries. He began coaching at Colchester United, earning his coaching badges and working his way up from youth level. He became the club's assistant manager when John Ward was appointed manager in 2010, before replacing Ward at the helm in September 2012 having previously acted as caretaker manager for four games in 2009. After guiding the club to League One safety in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons, Dunne left his role on 1 September 2014.He then joined Cambridge United as an assistant manager on 11 May 2015. Playing career

Early life
Dunne was born in Dublin and grew up in the city's Inchicore suburb, where he lived with his mother and father. His father died when Dunne was 13, leaving him to be the "man of the house". Determined to make a career for himself in football, Dunne left Ireland for England at the age of 15 at the same time as his friend Mark Kinsella, who had been playing for Home Farm. He went on a week-long trial at Gillingham, but stayed for two weeks and signed for the club without telling his mother. Gillingham
Gillingham manager Keith Burkinshaw signed Dunne, but Irishman Damien Richardson had replaced Burkinshaw at the helm by the time Dunne arrived. Dunne signed for the Gills on a professional contract in August 1990 and went on to make 115 league appearances for the club, scoring once.Colchester United
Colchester United boss Steve Wignall signed <mask> from Gillingham in March 1996 on a free transfer. Dunne made his debut for the U's on 30 March 1996 at Hartlepool United's Victoria Park, coming on as a substitute for Paul Gibbs. He scored his first goal for the club in the penultimate game of the 1995–96 season, which proved crucial as it was a 90th-minute winner against Mansfield Town to help Colchester into the play-off positions. Dunne missed the play-off matches as the U's lost out to Plymouth Argyle, but Dunne would get his chance to play at Wembley the following season. Dunne was a member of the Colchester squad that lost the 1997 Football League Trophy Final to Carlisle United in a penalty shoot-out following a 0–0 draw. However, he tasted success the following year as Colchester defeated Torquay United 1–0 at Wembley to win the 1998 Football League Third Division play-off Final and promotion to Division Two. However, in the summer of 1999, Dunne was unceremoniously released by new Colchester manager Mick Wadsworth alongside nine other players.Despite his release, his popularity with the fans was proven as Colchester's Evening Gazette newspaper awarded Dunne their 'Player of the Year' award, as voted for by readers and fans. Upon hearing this news, Dunne said that it was "a great honour" and he "couldn't thank the fans enough". Dover Athletic
Eleven weeks following his release, Dunne struggled to find a Football League club willing to accommodate him, and Dunne considered quitting football and taking a job outside of the game to support his family after initial interest from Isthmian League club Aldershot Town came to nothing. However, Dunne signed for Football Conference side Dover Athletic in August 1999. He made his debut for the club in their 3–1 home defeat to Doncaster Rovers on 11 September and went on to score two goals in eleven Conference appearances. Return to Colchester United
Steve Whitton had replaced Mick Wadsworth in the hot seat at Colchester United, and Whitton made it his job to bring fans' favourite Dunne back to the club. He was captain at Dover and playing well, but Whitton stated that he would go straight into the U's starting line-up for their next fixture, knowing Dunne had previously stated that he would "leap at the chance to come back".He re-signed for a nominal fee on 14 December 1999 on a deal that would see him tied to the club until at least 2001. Dunne made his second debut for the club in an important 3–0 win at Layer Road against Luton Town on 17 December as the U's looked to turn their season around and pull away from the relegation zone. In an away game against Luton one year later, Dunne was taken off after 31 minutes after clashing with Hatters midfielder Matthew Taylor. He suffered a five-inch vertical gash on his face while making tackle and was subsequently taken to hospital for treatment. He spent three-and-a-half hours in hospital before being released and was able to take the team coach back home following the U's 3–0 victory. He returned to action before the new year. Dunne managed to make 62 further league appearances in his second spell with Colchester but played his final game on 24 November 2001 when he was stretchered off after 79 minutes with a serious knee injury.During his time out injured, Dunne forfeited his monthly wages in a bid to save his career at the club, having been signed to a rolling-monthly contract. Dunne's recovery process suffered setbacks, and required major reconstruction surgery on cartilage and cruciate ligament injuries. In January 2003, Dunne said that he hoped to be back in action by the end of the 2002–03 season. In April 2003, Dunne finally announced his retirement from League football aged 29.

International career
Dunne represented Republic of Ireland at under-21 level once in 1992, but never received a call-up to the full national squad. Managerial career

Colchester United
Colchester United decided to retain Dunne's services immediately after his retirement from the game by appointing him as a youth team coach, working under Micky Cook. Dunne had previously done some scouting work for Colchester manager Phil Parkinson towards the end of the 2002–03 season during his recuperation from his injuries. Dunne replaced Cook as senior youth team coach in August 2003.Dunne took charge of the U's youth team on their 2004 FA Youth Cup run where they defeated Premiership club Chelsea 2–1 in the third round at Layer Road in December. The young U's side then proceeded to the fifth round of the cup for the first time in the club's history after beating Cardiff City 3–2 in the fourth round. <mask>'s team booked their place in the quarter-finals of the competition with a 2–1 away win at Crewe Alexandra in February 2005. A record youth fixture attendance at Layer Road saw 2,900 fans turn out for the quarter-final against rivals Ipswich Town, but the weary Colchester players were thrashed 5–0 by Town on 16 March 2005. Dunne led his youth team to the Youth Alliance Cup final in May 2006, where they took on Preston North End in front of a crowd of 545 at Layer Road. The U's fought back from 2–0 down to take the tie to extra time, where they eventually fell to a 5–2 defeat. When Colchester United assistant manager Mick Harford departed the club for a similar role with Queens Park Rangers, Dunne was keen to once again stand in as assistant manager to Geraint Williams having done so previously prior to Harford's arrival.In August 2007, following his good work with the Colchester United youth team, Dunne was promoted within the club to position of reserve team manager having managed the youth team for four seasons. With new assistant manager Micky Adams leaving Colchester by mutual consent to concentrate on a return to full management, Dunne returned as stand-in assistant manager once again in January 2008 while remaining reserve team manager. With Geraint Williams dismissal as Colchester manager in September 2008, Dunne was once again drafted in as assistant manager while former-assistant manager Kit Symons took up caretaker duties until a new manager was found. Paul Lambert replaced Williams as Colchester manager. In the summer of 2009, Lambert brought in Gary Holt as player-coach, assisting the youth team and <mask>e, meaning Dunne could step up to first-team coach duties. but a little under one year later, Lambert sensationally walked out on the U's for League One rivals Norwich City. Dunne stepped in to take temporary charge of the first team as caretaker manager.<mask>'s first game in charge was against his former club Gillingham on 18 August 2009, as the club put the loss of Lambert behind them to claim a 2–1 victory and remain top of League One. MK Dons ended Colchester's 100% start to the 2009–10 season with a 2–1 victory on 22 August. Dunne ruled himself out of the running for the managers position at the club, stating that he was not one of the 12 possible candidates being interviewed for the job. Dunne suffered his second successive defeat as U's boss when Leeds United visited the Colchester Community Stadium on 29 August, Aidy Boothroyd was announced as Lambert's successor, as Dunne took charge of Colchester for his final game as caretaker manager. The U's once again faced Gillingham, this time in the Football League Trophy as they bowed out on penalties after the game finished 1–1 in normal time. Dunne said of the experience as caretaker that he "enjoyed the pressure and he enjoyed the challenge" and that "it made him better and made him want to get better", whetting his appetite for more. Boothroyd left the U's in May 2010 for Coventry City, as Colchester chairman Robbie Cowling announced that both Boothroyd's former assistant John Ward and Dunne were both in the running for the managerial position.On 31 May, Ward was confirmed as the club's new manager, and <mask> was promoted once again to the position of assistant manager. Following Ward's dismissal as Colchester manager on 24 September 2012, <mask> was once again made caretaker manager as Cowling began his search for a new manager. However, three days later on 27 September 2012, without managing a game as caretaker, Dunne was appointed full-time manager of Colchester United on a one-year rolling contract. He named former Colchester United midfielder and friend Mark Kinsella as his assistant. Dunne immediately signed three players on loan; forward Jabo Ibehre from MK Dons and Arsenal duo Craig Eastmond and Sanchez Watt, All three players went straight into the first team squad for Dunne's first match as Colchester manager against Hartlepool United. After falling behind in the sixth minute, Colchester hit back with goals from Gavin Massey and two from new signing Ibehre to win 3–1. After winning four of his first seven games, ending the club's eight-game winless start to the 2012–13 season, Dunne considered quitting the club in January 2013 following a record ninth consecutive loss for Colchester, with the club struggling at the lower end of League One.However, he stayed on to help the U's narrowly avoid relegation to League Two with a final-day 2–0 win at Carlisle United, the club finished 20th in the league table. With Cowling's and Dunne's emphasis on producing quality players raised through the Colchester United Academy and blooding them for first team action, Dunne said he was "fine" with the U's relegation tag as they headed into the 2013–14 season. During the first half of the season, Dunne gave first-team debuts to Conor Hubble, Sammie Szmodics and Macauley Bonne having already brought Alex Gilbey, Freddie Ladapo and Tosin Olufemi into the first-team picture during the 2012–13 season. Chairman Cowling was pleased that his investments in the youth team had begun producing players that were able to break into the first-team. Dunne was nominated for the Football League One Manager of the Month award for the month of January 2014 after steering his side into the top-half of the League One table with two high-scoring wins and a solid draw at MK Dons. It was the second time Dunne had been nominated, after being shortlisted in November 2012 but pipped to the prize by Sheffield United manager Danny Wilson. Once again however, Dunne was beaten to the accolade, this time by Leyton Orient boss Russell Slade.Following a string of four successive defeats and a winless start to the 2014–15 season, Dunne left Colchester United by mutual consent on 1 September 2014, ending his 18-year association with the club. Colchester United chairman Robbie Cowling stated Dunne decided to go as he felt he took things as far as he could. Cambridge United
In 2015, Dunne joined Cambridge United as assistant to Shaun Derry. Following Derry's departure in February 2018, Dunne was appointed as interim manager of the club until the end of the season before being officially appointed as manager on a three-year deal in May 2018. However, he was sacked on 1 December 2018 due to poor results leaving the club 21st in the league table. Bristol Rovers
On 22 February 2019, Dunne joined Graham Coughlan's coaching staff at Bristol Rovers on a voluntary basis until the end of the season. He was appointed as assistant manager in June 2019.<mask> was caretaker manager of Rovers for the FA Cup second round replay against Plymouth Argyle where he oversaw a 1-0 win. Mansfield Town
Following Coughlan’s departure to Mansfield Town in December 2019, <mask> joined him at the Nottinghamshire club as assistant manager. Dunne was sacked from the post on 28 October 2020. Stevenage
Dunne joined League Two club Stevenage on 1 December 2020, taking on the role of assistant manager to Alex Revell. After a week in his new position, Dunne left his role at the club due to personal reasons. Colchester United
In March 2021, Dunne returned to Colchester United to assist interim manager Wayne Brown. In January 2022, following the return of Wayne Brown as interim manager, Dunne again returned to the club as interim assistant coach.Career statistics

As a player

As a manager

Honours

As a player
Colchester United
1998 Football League Third Division play-off Final winner
1997 Football League Trophy runner-up

As a manager
Colchester United youth team
2006 Youth Alliance Cup runner-up

All honours referenced by:

Personal life
Dunne's son Louis was a member of the Colchester United Academy programme. He rapidly progressed through the age groups at the club, playing at higher levels. He was called up by Republic of Ireland under-15s in April 2013 and featured in Ireland's 3–0 defeat to Finland on 18 April 2013. References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Association footballers from Dublin (city)
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland youth international footballers
Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
Association football defenders
Gillingham F.C. players
Colchester United F.C. players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Republic of Ireland football managers
Colchester United F.C.managers
Cambridge United F.C. managers
Bristol Rovers F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Bristol Rovers F.C. non-playing staff
Mansfield Town F.C. non-playing staff
Stevenage F.C. non-playing staff
Colchester United F.C. non-playing staff
Outfield association footballers who played in goal

masks:
Joseph John Dunne
Dunne
Dunne
Joe Dunn
Dunne
Dunne
Dunne
Dunne
Dunne


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<mask> (, Ashkenazi pronunciation: ; 13 January 1887 – 19 August 1979) was the founder and first Grand Rebbe of the Satmar dynasty. A major figure in the post-war renaissance of Hasidism, he espoused a strictly conservative and isolationist line, rejecting modernity. <mask> was a fierce opponent of Zionism, which he decried as inherently heretical. His role as a Jewish community leader in Transylvania during the Holocaust remains controversial. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on January 13, 1887. He was the second son of Grand Rabbi of Sighet, Chananyah Yom Tov <mask> and his second wife, Chana Ashkenazi. The couple her in 1878, after receiving a special dispensation for him to take a second wife, as his first wife, Reitze – daughter of Rebbe Menashe Rubin of Ropshitz – was unable to bear children.<mask> was the youngest child, with four older siblings. Chananyah served as the rabbi of Máramarossziget (shortened to Siget in Yiddish; today Sighetu Marmației, Romania). He was dean of the local Rabbinical seminary, and the leader of the eponymous Hasidic movement based in the city. He was the great-grandson of Moshe <mask>, a disciple of the Seer of Lublin, who was one of the main promulgators of Hasidism in Hungary. The rabbis of the Teitelbaum family were known for their highly conservative stance, and their opposition to the Enlightenment, Neolog Judaism, and Zionism. <mask> was renowned for his intellectual capacities from a young age. At his bar mitzvah, he delivered a sermon of several hours concerning an issue from the Shabbat tractate in the Talmud.He was stringent in matters regarding ritual purity, and would lengthily prepare for prayer by meticulously cleaning himself. Even before marrying, he received letters of ordination from eight prominent rabbis, including Moshe Greenwald. In 1904, just several days before his father's death on 15 February, the 17-year-old married Chavah Horowitz, the daughter of Abraham Chaim Horowitz of Polaniec. They had three daughters, none of whom survived their father or had any children: The first, Esther, died in her youth, on 14 September 1921; Rachel died on 19 March 1931, shortly after her wedding. The last, Chaya Roisa (or Reysel), died on 23 October 1953. <mask>'s older brother Chaim Tzvi <mask> succeeded their father in all three of his posts. Their mother, along with a small faction of the Hasidim, regarded the younger brother as the appropriate heir.The newlyweds then moved to her father's residence in Radomyśl Wielki, and remained there for over a year. On 8 September 1905, he settled in Szatmárnémeti, or Satmar in Yiddish. Despite his youth, supporters opened a study hall for him. He gradually began to attract a small local following. Journalist Dezső David Schön, who researched the <mask> dynasty, wrote that <mask> started to refer to himself as "Rebbe of Satmar" at that point. Subsequently, he had tense relations with the first to claim the title, Yisaschar Dov Leifer, son of Mordechai of Nadvorna. However, the latter died on 12 September 1906.Rabbinical career
In 1911, <mask> was invited by the Jewish community in Ilosva (or Iršiva), to serve as their town's rabbi. Though , then part of the Austro-Hungarian, it is now Irshava, Ukraine. During <mask>'s stay there, he established a local seminary and spread the ideas of Hasidism among the populace. Upon the outbreak of World War I, he returned to Szatmárnémeti, where his old study hall gradually developed into a full-fledged seminary. As a young rabbi, he clung to the positions of his father and grandfather: He forbade any contact with Zionists, including the religious Mizrachi, and supported Chaim Elazar Spira in his opposition to Agudath Israel. When the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved under the terms of the Treaty of Trianon (1920), following World War I, Szatmárnémeti and the rest of Partium and Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Romania. The chief Orthodox rabbi of Satmar, Yehudah Greenwald, died on 9 March 1920.Several of <mask>'s supporters advanced his name as a possible candidate for the vacant office, but he was opposed by the non-Hasidic (Ashkenazi) majority in the community, the modernists, and the Zionists, as well as by many Hasidim. Eventually, Eliezer David Greenwald (no relation to the former) was chosen. In 1922, after eight years outside the town, <mask> returned to his community, Iršiva, then in Czechoslovakia. On 29 March 1925, he was appointed chief rabbi of Carei. He moved to the city about a year afterwards. On 21 January 1926, his older brother Chaim Tzvi died unexpectedly of an intracranial hemorrhage. Tzvi's oldest son, Yekusiel Yehuda <mask> (II), was fourteen years old.Although many of his followers suggested that <mask> should succeed his brother, custom prevailed, and the boy was given his father's three posts. Yekusiel Judah Gross of Berbești was brought to serve as his tutor and de facto chief rabbi of Sighet. However, most of the Hasidim turned to <mask>, who became the dynasty's Rebbe in all but name. When he grew older, Yekusiel established a following of his own from among his father's loyal supporters, but his influence as rebbe never exceeded beyond the city limits. On 20 May 1928, Eliezer David Greenwald of Satmar died, and <mask> ran for the municipal rabbi's office again. An election committee established by the Orthodox community's board chose him to the post on 11 June, with nineteen members in favor, five against, and two abstentions. After a prolonged dispute with his opponents, the parties decided to hold an election among all members of the congregation.It took place on 9 August, and <mask> received 437 votes in favor and 331 against. The opposition did not accept the results. In a second vote, on 27 September, 779 approved of <mask>, and only one rejected him. Chaim Freund, the community's president, and several other members of the board were close supporters of the rabbi, and his opponents accused them of rigging the vote throughout the election process by various means, including granting and withdrawing the right to participate according to criteria which benefited their candidate. Both sides sued their opponents in rabbinical courts, and complained to the civilian authorities. The parties presented their claims in lengthy pamphlets printed in 1929: Freund's faction issued a book under the name Milkhemes Mitzve haKhudosh (The New Commanded War), and the other one published Sfas Emes (Words of Truth). Finally, following the continued refusal of many to accept <mask>, his supporters established their own independent community on 10 December 1929, where he could serve as a rabbi.The fear of losing members' fees motivated the other party to negotiate. An agreement was reached on 11 June 1930, and <mask> was invited to serve as Satmar's  chief rabbi. He chose not to accept the nomination until he was certain of support from the community council, which took three and a half years. Only then did he move, arriving on 27 February 1934. With 334 students, his rabbinical seminary became Satmar's largest, having more pupils than the other three combined. In August 1932, <mask> visited Jerusalem. A small party there sought to appoint him as the Ashkenazi chief rabbi of the city, in the wake of Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld's death, but Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky eventually received the post.On 29 January 1936, <mask>'s first wife, Chava, died. On 20 August 1937, he remarried with Alte Faige Shapiro, the orphaned 25-year-old daughter of Avigdor Shapiro from Czestochowa, who was half his age. Incident with King Carol II of Romania
In the winter of 1936, the Romanian king Carol II made a visit in the city of Satmar. A large parade consisting of thousands of soldiers and courtiers accompanied his arrival. The municipality prepared a large stage upon which all its religious and municipal leaders stood. <mask> was accompanied by his son-in-law, Chananya Yom-Tov Lipa <mask>, rabbi of Szemihály, and community leader Shmuel Rosenberg, and standing beside them were rabbis of the status quo and neolog communities, and other religious leaders. When the king approached the stage, he surveyed all the people who stood on it, and started walking in <mask>'s direction, who was holding his rabbinical stick in one hand and his hat in the other.Two priests started walking towards the king, but he ignored them. <mask>, suddenly noticing what was happening, saluted and said the blessing "Shenatan MiChvodo LiVnei Adam" (who gave from his honor to human beings). The king gave <mask> his hand. The moment was documented by a Jewish photographer, and was published in the Romanian press. Several days later, the king was asked why he approached the Orthodox rabbi first, and he responded: "Immediately when I walked toward the stage, I surveyed all those who were standing on it. My heart was attracted to this rabbi due to his appearance that radiated spirituality (lit., Yiddishen geistlichen rabbiner)." The king's response was published in the country's Jewish press.World War II
In 1940, following the Second Vienna Award, Satmar again became part of Hungary. Prior to the Holocaust, <mask> ignored the threats to the Jews of Transylvania, and failed to engage in the preparation of rescue and aid plans. As the situation of Hungarian Jews became dangerous, <mask> equipped himself and his closest circle with certificates or visas that would facilitate their escape to Palestine or the United States, while he thwarted all attempts at cooperation between the heads of the ultra-Orthodox communities and the Zionist organizations, which could have helped the rest of the Jewish community to escape. His daughter settled in Jerusalem, while he openly called on his followers to avoid immigrating to Palestine. <mask>'s attempts to leave Hungary were part of a broader general phenomenon, which attracted criticism, even then, of rabbis and other public figures fleeing the country. When the Germans invaded Hungary, <mask>'s closest associates sought a safer way to smuggle him out by bribing two junior officers, drivers of a Red Cross ambulance, who agreed to drive a group of Jews to Kolozsvár (today Cluj-Napoca) in return for money. The travelers included his family, and several wealthy families who paid most of the costs.The attempt failed, and <mask> was arrested and sent to Kolozsvár Ghetto. Faced with harsh living conditions, he asked his followers to try to transfer him to Budapest, or back to the ghetto of Satmar, where Jews were housed in residential buildings, but they were unable to fulfill his requests. Baron Fülöp von Freudiger, director of the Orthodox congregation in Budapest, selected eighty rabbis and other prominent figures, and paid for their inclusion in the passengers' list of the Kastner train, which was to depart the state for a neutral country. <mask> put himself on the list, despite the fact that the evacuation was organized by a Zionist group. On 30 June 1944, once negotiations with the Germans had been concluded, the passengers boarded a freight train that was planned to proceed to

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Joel Teitelbaum
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Lipa Teitelbaum
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Joel
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Joel
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