text_chunks:
 hours". Convinced that he was faced with 50,000 French soldiers, Romberg entered into negotiations and capitulated on the evening of 29–30 October. Over 5,000 men and 281 guns were surrendered, and Lasalle became a national hero.Napoleon wrote to Murat, "If your Light Cavalry captures fortified towns, I’ll have to discharge my Engineer Corps and have my heavy artillery melted down". In spite of their victory, Lasalle's troops were exhausted. He later wrote: "Who could recognize the brilliant hussars from Kronach fourteen months ago, those of the 5th Regiment with their white pelisses with lemon-yellow braids and their sky-blue breeches, those of the 7th Regiment with their green pelisses with daffodil-yellow braids and their scarlet breeches? Today the whole brigade, men and horses adorned alike in mud, have neither form nor color. Their uniform is misery". Battles of Lübeck and Golymin

The capitulation of Stettin had prevented Prussian General Blücher from passing the frontier into Eastern Pomerania. Now Blücher was determined to escape from the French at any cost.Murat, together with <mask>, Bernadotte and Soult were in hot pursuit, forcing Blücher farther and farther to the north. Having run out of Prussian territory, On 5 November, he marched into the neutral city-state of Lübeck, where he demanded money and food from the city authorities. The next day, Bernadotte's men arrived and attacked the walls. <mask> was among these men and fought bravely. During the Battle of Golymin, General <mask> led his legendary "Hellish Brigade" against a Russian battery of 12-15 guns. The hussars charged with vigor but were abruptly seized with panic, turned about and, in disorder, stampeded back to the rear. Of the whole brigade only the elite company of the 7th Hussars, placed immediately behind <mask> himself, remained firmly at their posts.<mask> was furious. He rode after them, screamed "Halt! ", and brought them back. <mask> kept them within a short range from the Russian guns as punishment for their behavior, standing 20 paces in front of his men, remaining motionless and calm, although under enemy fire. He then finally rallied his troops and commanded "Break the ranks! ", and with the support of Klein's dragoon division charged the enemy from the flank. The Russians were routed and fled under the cover of artillery as <mask> pursued until the battle was won.Promotion and cavalry trainer
On 30 December 1806, <mask> was promoted to Divisional General and given command of the Light Cavalry Division in Murat's Cavalry Reserve. Shortly thereafter, Napoleon authorized raising a guard regiment of Polish Light Horse. Under General <mask> they were given an intensive course in horsemanship and discipline, becoming one of the finest regiments in the Imperial Guard. An officer of the Poles wrote: "It was in <mask>'s school that we learned outpost duty. We have kept a precious memory of this general in whom all the lovable and imposing qualities of a born marshal were combined ... He should have replaced Murat to whom he was vastly superior ..."

Battle of Heilsberg

During the Battle of Heilsberg, on 12 June 1807, Murat was surrounded at the height of a mêlée by 12 Russian dragoons. <mask> was in command of three brigades of light cavalry which contained the "Hellish Brigade", two lancer regiments, and five horse chasseur regiments.<mask> saw Murat in trouble and charged at the enemy, killing the officer who commanded the detachment and putting 11 dragoons on the run, saving Murat's life. Shortly after, Murat and other members of the "Hellish Brigade" saved <mask> from certain death. Afterwards, while shaking hands, Murat told <mask>, "General, we are even". The following July, Napoleon made <mask> a Grand Cross Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown. He was then sent to Spain under the orders of Jean-Baptiste Bessières. The Peninsular War
<mask> was given command of the 1st Light Cavalry Division, consisting of the 8th Hussars, 13th, 16th and 24th Chasseurs. <mask>'s cousin, <mask>-Adolphe-Georges du Prel, became his aide-de-camp.He arrived in Spain on 15 February 1808. One of <mask>'s major faults was his willingness to repay resistance with brutality, and it was said of him that he "made Spain tremble". In June, <mask> was responsible for the torching of Torquemada, a village that resisted his troops. As his men approached Palencia, the insurgents abandoned their positions and fled to Valladolid, supported by a column of infantry. Battling across Spain
After plundering Torquemada and ransoming the town of Palencia, <mask> set off for Valladolid. On 11 June 1808 <mask>'s army linked up with the troops of General Merle. The following day, their combined 9,000 strong army attacked a force of 4-5,000 men under Spanish General Cuesta, deployed along the Cabezón bridge to bar the road to Burgos against oncoming French divisions.In the subsequent French attack the Spanish cavalry fled and the infantry broke, whereafter <mask> proceeded to Valladoli, which he occupied the same night. On 14 July at Medina de Rioseco, with 14,000 men under the command of Bessierès, he fought against over 20,000 Spaniards. <mask> marched towards Vitoria, commanding the rearguard, and protecting the French from another breach made by the enemy. As a result of these actions, he was named Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor and made a Count of the Empire. On 7 November he fought at the Battle of Burgos. The untrained Spanish militias were unable to form infantry squares and scattered in the face of massed French cavalry, while the stubborn Spanish and Walloon Guards stood their ground in vain. A few days later, at the Battle of Villa Viejo, he captured seven cannons and four flags.On 15 March, Leval’s division and <mask>’s cavalry crossed the Tagus River at Talavera. On the next day they were joined by Victor-Perrin, heading Villatte’s and Ruffin’s divisions, at Arzobispo. The rest of the cavalry, along with the artillery and the baggage, was sent to Almaraz. Two days later, <mask> reached Meza de Ibor and fought the Spanish troops, forcing them out of their defensive position on the Tagus. Battle of Medellín

<mask> then joined the Battle of Medellín. The Spanish had an army almost twice the size of the French. <mask>'s position was a bit dangerous, since the Guadiana River was only a mile behind his back and <mask> recognized how dangerous a retreat would be in the close confinements of the narrow bridge.<mask> had been reinforced with seven infantry battalions from Villatte, and once he saw the Spanish routing to the west he ordered a powerful counter-attack. <mask>'s fresh battalions also attacked frontally, and French dragoons were now rolling over the center of the Spanish army, which attempted to flee in any way it could. Cuesta's army effectively ceased to exist. That was his last battle on the Spanish Peninsula, where he was nicknamed "Pícaro" which means "rogue" or "adventurer" in Spanish. Napoleon called 33-year-old <mask> from Spain to Germany. <mask>'s excitement at being ordered to join Masséna’s corps in Germany was made clear by a chance meeting with <mask> and Thiébault in Burgos. To <mask>er’s question if he were traveling via Paris, <mask> replied, "Yes, it’s the shortest way.I shall arrive at 5 a.m.; I shall order a pair of boots; I shall make my wife pregnant, and I shall depart". He left immediately to take command of the Light Cavalry Division in the IV Army Corps commanded by Masséna. Final battles in Austria

Battle of Aspern-Essling

<mask> joined the French Army for its 1809 Campaign along the Danube. He arrived just prior to Napoleon's push across the Danube at Aspern-Essling and was sent to scout the location of the Austrian army. The first stage of the operation began on 13 May 1809, laying a bridge of boats over the first arm of the Danube to Lobau. Then, the advance guard and <mask>'s light cavalry would pass into Lobau, together with the material needed to bridge the second arm to the left bank. As soon as this was finished, Molitor’s division and <mask>'s four light cavalry regiments passed over and <mask>'s horsemen fanned out into the plain.There were no travelers or couriers to be intercepted there, as there had always been in Prussia and Spain; consequently, <mask>'s officers had nothing to go on but the evidence of their own eyes and ears. On the morning of the 21st, great masses of men, guns and wagons had assembled on the island. In the next four hours both Aspern and Essling were taken and retaken several times. Napoleon ordered <mask>'s cavalry regiments to aid Marulaz's distressed troops, but General Liechtenstein anticipated this maneuver sending nine regiments to drive off <mask>, engaging him frontally with four regiments and using the remaining five to charge his flank. <mask> fought them off, buying time for the hard-pressed French infantry in Aspern. At 7 p.m. <mask> mustered his troops for another charge. <mask> managed to defeat the first Habsburg line, but Austrian hussars captured quite a few men of the 24th Chasseurs.Outnumbered on the second day of battle, Napoleon ordered <mask> and Espagne to defend a sector the IV Corps had been thrust into. Taking advantage of the fog, <mask>'s men fought along the defensive ground running between the two villages, charging the Austrians in a series of short, sharp charges intended to prevent them from launching a coordinated attack. These tactics worked, allowing General <mask> to gain complete control of Essling. Later, during Marshal Lannes' advance, <mask> and Marulaz's cavalry charged at least three times in an effort to support the infantry. Although the French were forced to withdraw, <mask>'s determination and courage prevented the withdrawal from becoming a rout. Death at the Battle of Wagram

On 5 July 1809, <mask> fought at the Battle of Wagram commanding a Light Cavalry Division in the IV Corps of Marshal Masséna. On the morning of the battle, <mask> had a presentiment about his death.He drew up a petition to the Emperor, asking him to take care of his children, and gave it to one of his friends to deliver to Napoleon, if necessary. On the eve of the battle, opening his luggage he found his broken pipe, a bottle of liquor and a broken glass that had been used by his wife. As a result of these omens, he told his aide-de-camp, "I will not survive this day". He wrote a letter to his wife that read: "Mon coeur est à toi, mon sang à l'Empereur, ma vie à l'honneur" (My heart belongs to you, my blood to the Emperor, my life to honor). On the night of the second day, <mask>'s men had still not been ordered to fight so <mask> went to Marshal Masséna to ask permission to pursue the enemy. Masséna ordered him to go aid General MacDonald. <mask> exclaimed, "The battle is almost finished and we are the only ones who have not contributed to the victory!Let’s go, follow me!" <mask> was temporarily separated from his division and accidentally alerted a battalion of enemy infantry, so he charged them with the 1st Cuirassier Regiment. <mask> was shot in the chest but continued to charge. The enemy infantry broke and was routed as <mask> and regiment pursued them. As he charged, <mask> was shot between the eyes by a Hungarian grenadier and was killed instantly. Marulaz tried to avenge <mask> by leading a hussar regiment against a square of Austrian infantry, but was wounded in the attempt and had to be carried to the rear. Posthumous honours

 A street in Metz was named after him.His portrait was placed in one of the salons of the Hotel de Ville. In 1891, his remains were repatriated from Austria and entombed at Les Invalides. In 1893, an equestrian statue of him was erected in Lunéville. He has a bust in the Gallery of Battles of the Palace of Versailles. His name is marked on a pillar of the Arc de Triomphe. His name is used for a cycling event in the Netherlands, the Tour de Lasalle www.tourdelasalle.nl
 He is briefly mentioned in Edgar Allan Poe's short story, The Pit and the Pendulum in which he ultimately saves a condemned main character from being executed by the Spanish Inquisition. References

Sources

 Philip Haythornthwaite, Napoleon's Commanders (1): c1792-1809.(Elite, Vol.1), Osprey Publishing (2001)

Further reading
 Marcel Dupont, Le Général Lasalle, Éditions Berger-Levrault (1929), reissued by the Librairie des Deux Empires (2001)
 François Guy Hourtoulle, Le Général Comte Charles Lasalle, 1775–1809, Copernic (1979)

1775 births
1809 deaths
People from Metz
French generals
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
French military personnel killed in the Napoleonic Wars
Cavalry commanders
Knights of the Order of Saint Louis
French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Names inscribed under the Arc de

masks:
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Pierre Louis
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Roederer
Roeder
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Boudet
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle
Lasalle


text_chunks:
<mask> is an American church, concert and theatre organist. He is currently the organist for Rose City Park Presbyterian Church in Portland, Oregon. He was Principal Organist and Assistant Music Director at North United Methodist Church, and Senior Staff Pianist/Organist, Staff Arranger and Orchestrator for the Indianapolis Children's Choir and Youth Chorale in Indianapolis, Indiana until August, 2014. He works with Gresham High School's Theatre Arts Department as their resident piano accompanist. Training and early career
<mask> began organ studies in the 6th grade, and at 15 began studying with R. Gary Deavel at Manchester University in North Manchester, Indiana. At DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, <mask> majored in keyboard performance and composition. The Central Indiana Chapter of the American Theatre Organ Society (ATOS) was extremely supportive, engaging <mask> in performances regionally throughout his college years.<mask> was also head accompanist for the DePauw Choirs, touring to Carnegie Hall and Williamsburg, Virginia. He was active as a vocal coach to the voice department and assistant conductor for three opera/musical theatre productions produced by the DePauw School of Music. He graduated from Depauw in 1990. Church Organist/Music Director

Before accepting the position playing for Rose City Park Presbyterian in 2014, <mask> was Assistant Organist/Choirmaster at Second Presbyterian Church (Indiana's largest church) under Robert Shepfer, playing the 4m/81r Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ from 1990–1998. He then moved to Portland, Oregon, serving as Music Director/Organist at St. James Lutheran Church in downtown Portland. In 2004, <mask> was appointed the Assistant Director of Music and Organist at North United Methodist Church in Indianapolis, playing the restored 4m/76r Kimball orchestral pipe organ and two other organs. He also directed the Cathedral Ringers Handbell Ensemble and coordinated the Handbell program.Theatre organist
<mask>' initial exposure to the theatre organ occurred at the Paramount Music Palace in Indianapolis when he was 7 years old. During his senior year, he served as the weekend artist at Milwaukee's Piper Music Palace, as an alternate organist at the Pipes and Pizza in Lansing, Illinois, and performed concerts in and around the Chicago area. <mask> is now an active featured theatre organist for ATOS and has been a regular theatre organ soloist in both the Chicago and Indianapolis areas for the last twenty years. After his move to Portland, Theatre organ came into play again as he served as an associate organist at Uncle Milt's Pipe Organ Pizza in Vancouver, Washington and played for the local organ clubs. He has appeared on the Ohio Theatre's summer movie series for several years. Mr. <mask> has been a featured artist at conventions of The American Guild of Organists, The Organ Historical Society, and The American Theatre Organ Society. Concert organist
<mask> has appeared with the Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra, Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, playing Saint-Saëns Symphony No.3 and featured in recent Yuletide Celebrations, and also played the Poulenc Organ Concerto for the Carmel Symphony Orchestra. Hilbert Circle Theatre
<mask> was named the house organist for Hilbert Circle Theatre in Indianapolis, Indiana in 2009. "The 15 rank Wurlitzer with 9 additional classical ranks has truly turned out to be a stunning theatre installation that I am enjoying playing and proud to present to the public", commented <mask>. This historic theatre has not had a house organist since the first Wurlitzer was removed in the 1930s; <mask> is the first house organist in over seventy years. Carlton Smith of Carlton Smith Pipe Organ Restorations was responsible for the rebuild and reinstallation of the theatre's Wurlitzer. "My biggest goal in this business of being a theatre organ artist is to reach out to the general public and perpetuate the theatre organ art form", said <mask>. "With the 28 Yuletide Christmas shows coming up in December which will feature the Wurlitzer theatre pipe organ this year, this becomes a reality."Yuletide
"A vintage theatre pipe organ is giving the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra some new sounds", heralded the Indianapolis Star newspaper." The addition of the organ increases the symphony's repertoire", said Simon Crookall, President and CEO of the ISO. Those were just a few of the comments about the Yuletide Celebration concerts—27 in all, which saw the debut of the newly installed 3m/24r Wuritzer theatre pipe organ by house organist, <mask>, and colleague, Donna Parker. Opening the second half of the concert, the house lights dimmed as the Wurlitzer and organist were introduced to the audience while the symphony played the beginning strains of the well-loved holiday hit "Silver Bells". With the organ console center stage surrounded by the symphony, the curtain rose, the organist quickly took his place on the bench, and both organ and orchestra joined together for "Joy to the World", played in classic toccata fashion, before taking the instrument in a completely different direction with a rhythmic, energetic Brazilian "Sleigh Bells". The organ arrangement was written by <mask>, with the orchestral arrangement by conductor Jack Everly, carefully fitted around it. The Yuletide Celebration concert series is the second largest Christmas concert series in the United States—second only in ticket sales to the Christmas show at Radio City Music Hall with The Rockettes.Pacific Rim Children's Choir Festival
For seven years, <mask> has also served as Artistic Assistant/Pianist for the Pacific Rim Children's Choir Festival in Honolulu, Hawaii. International performances and 2010 tour
<mask> has performed at Westminster Abbey in London and toured much of Canada and Europe, including playing an organ concert on the Tambourini organ at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome during tours with the ICC. Most recently, <mask> toured Australia in November 2010, performing for the Organ Society of Western Australia on the Karrinyup Wurlitzer Organ in the Sterling Theatre Concert Season. <mask> was interviewed by John Crook of ATW Travel Radio Australia during his tour. Another highlight of the tour was the Pops on Pipes concert in Auckland, New Zealand. Trio con Brio
With extraordinary sight-reading skills and the ability to musically adapt to a variety of situations, <mask> was invited to be the fourth member of Trio con Brio by Donna Parker, Jonas Nordwall and Tom Hazleton. TCB uses three separate organs played simultaneously for grand orchestral effects and interesting concert programs.He performed for the Dickinson Theatre Organ Society and Fort Wayne's Embassy Theatre when Hazleton was unable to perform, and was ready to step in and play any of the other member's parts as the understudy. He became the third permanent member upon Hazleton's passing. <mask> is featured on three CDs from the group. Review
In a 2007 issue of the Vox Humana newsletter, from the Incorporated Society of Organ Builders, Mark Dresden writes about a recent Trio con Brio concert: "The players are excellent musicians, well versed in their knowledge of the theater organ in general and of the Dickinson Kimball in particular. They are also well versed in the art of playing together with creative, original and exciting arrangements. It was also exciting to see and hear for the first time the two Dickinson consoles on stage. But there was more.Also on stage with the Dickinson consoles were two grand pianos and a third organ which was an Allen Organ. All in all, it was a visually exciting prelude to that which was about to follow. Whether playing together as the Trio or playing individually, their music was clean, crisp and imaginative. As a trio however, we were treated to sounds that were quite special. Six hands, thirty fingers and six feet can and did produce wonderful arrangements just not possible by a single organist." Recordings
Mr. <mask> has a solo CD, <mask> on the Morton, featuring the Wheaton Fox Studio 4/26 Robert Morton Pipe Organ, and In the Key of Three, the Trio's most recent recording. Other TCB CDs with <mask> include Tales from the Chambers, and A Change of Seasons.. <mask> is featured on the Reynolds Associates Pipe Organ Builders, Inc. website, playing music on two different Reynolds organs.A solo theatre organ CD was recorded in Spring 2011, and the next Trio Con Brio recording using the 5 manual 108 rank Midmer-Losh organ at the Adrian Phillips Music Studio in Phoenix, Arizona. Organ Innovation
Ellis, Parker and Nordwall worked for Rodgers Instrument Corporation, spearheading  MIDI implementation with church music. Arranger
<mask> has many published choral and orchestra arrangements with Hal Leonard and Colla Voce publishing companies. He recently orchestrated 15 pieces that were performed and recorded with the Moscow Chamber Orchestra and ICC. Novello and Co. Ltd published <mask>' arrangement of three organ pieces by Samuel Wesley. In 2012, his arrangement of "The Star-Spangled Banner" was performed by Kelly Clarkson, the Indianapolis Children's Choir and percussion for Super Bowl XLVI at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. <mask> customized handbell music to benefit from the expanded octaves including chimes available at NUMC.Handbell ringers coined the term 'martinizing' to define <mask>' ability. Editor
<mask> selected and edited works for By Babylon's Streams, Organ Music of the English Romantic School. The book description from Boosey: "This music book presents some of the finest & most ambitious works written by English organ composers active between the late-Victorian period & the years following the First World War. Its contents include the Scherzoso of Walter Battison Haynes, the Nunc Dimittis of Charles Wood, the Fantasy on the Tune 'Babylon's Streams by William Harris, the Impromptu No. 2 by Sidney Nicholson, and the Lament." Teacher
<mask> taught privately  in Indianapolis while working there. He was a featured instructor at the ATOS Summer Youth Camp in Eastern Massachusetts in June 2011, which provided young enthusiasts the opportunity to study and learn the art of the theatre pipe organ through lectures, master classes, and private instruction.<mask> currently works with Gresham High School (Oregon)'s Theatre Arts Department, accompanying their musical performances and student's competition pieces. Awards
After becoming the first winner of the ATOS Young Organists Competition in 1986, <mask> premiered with Rex Koury at the Chicago Theatre Wurlitzer and was featured in concert at the ATOS National Convention the following year in Richmond, Virginia. After winning the local American Guild of Organists competition, he was the runner-up in the AGO Region V competition. He also placed first in the Arts Council of Indianapolis' Young Artist Competition. Personal
<mask> has trained and cares for his six exotic parrots, and restores and collects large antique reed organs. He lives in Portland, Oregon. References

Living people
Musicians from Indianapolis
Manchester University (Indiana) alumni
DePauw University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
American classical organists
American male organists
Theatre organists
21st-century organists
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American keyboardists
People from Gresham, Oregon

masks:
Martin Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Martin
Ellis
Martin
Martin
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Martin
Martin Ellis
Ellis
Martin
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Martin
Ellis
Ellis
Martin
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis


text_chunks:
<mask> (11 January 1810 – 26 November 1881) was a German missionary in East Africa, as well as an explorer, linguist, and traveler. Krapf played an important role in exploring East Africa with <mask>. They were the first Europeans to see Mount Kenya with the help of Kikuyus who dwelled at its slopes and Kilimanjaro. <mask> also played a key role in exploring the East African coastline. Early life
<mask> was born into a Lutheran family of farmers in southwest Germany. From his school days onward he developed his gift for languages. He initially studied Latin, Greek, French and Italian.More languages were to follow throughout his life. After finishing school he joined the Basel Mission Seminary at age 17 but discontinued his studies as he had doubts about his missionary vocation. He read theology at University of Tübingen and graduated in 1834. While working as an assistant village pastor, he met a Basel missionary who encouraged him to resume his missionary vocation. Ethiopia
In 1836 he was invited by the Anglican Church Missionary Society (CMS) to join their work in Ethiopia. Basel Mission seconded him to the Anglicans and from 1837-1842 he worked in this ancient Christian land. He prepared himself by learning ancient Ge'ez and the Amharic language of the highlands.Landing at Tadjura, Krapf followed the trade route to Shewa where he presented himself to its ruler, Meridazmach Sahle Selassie, and later accompanied the Meridazmach on a military campaign in southern Shewa. Krapf's pietist background did not help him much to understand and appreciate traditional Ethiopian Christianity, especially their emphasis on saints, liturgy and use of Ge'ez, a language no longer spoken. When he departed Shewa in 1842, he found his way to Gondar blocked by the aftermath of the Battle of Debre Tabor, retraced his steps to the court of Adara Bille, a chieftain of the Wollo Oromo who then robbed him. Krapf managed to effect his escape with his servants, and made his way to Massawa supported by the reluctant charity of the local inhabitants. Thus he centered his interest on the Oromo people of southern Ethiopia, in his time known as the Galla, who then were largely believers in a traditional religion. He learned their language and started translating parts of the New Testament into it. While 1842 saw Krapf receive a doctorate from University of Tübingen for his research into the Ethiopian languages, it also witnessed the expulsion of all Western missionaries from Ethiopia, which ended his work there.In association with his colleague, Carl Wilhelm Isenberg, he published a memoir of his time in Ethiopia, Journals of Isenberg and Krapf in 1843. He revised Abu Rumi's Bible translations into Amharic for BFBS. Kenya
Krapf spent some time in Alexandria, Egypt, where he married. From there he set off for East Africa hoping to reach the Oromo from what is now the Kenyan coast. Most of the East African coastline was then part of the Zanzibar sultanate. Sultan Sayyid Said gave him a permit to start a missionary station at the coastal city of Mombasa. Krapf started again by learning the languages of the local Mijikenda people and also Swahili which is an East African lingua franca language of communication.Soon after arrival in Mombasa his wife and young daughter suffered and died from malaria. Krapf moved to the higher grounds of Rabai on the coastal hills and started his station New Rabai (Rabai Mpya). Here he wrote the first dictionary and grammar of the Swahili language. He also started studying other African languages, drafting dictionaries and translating sections of the Bible. Working with a Muslim judge named Ali bin Modehin, he translated Genesis. He went on to translate the New Testament, as well as the Book of Common Prayer. However, most of this was unpublished, though it was later used in revising a translation in a more southern version of Swahili.In 1846 he was joined by <mask>, another southwest German Lutheran who was in the service of the CMS. <mask> and Rebmann set off to explore the interior of East Africa and they were the first Europeans to see the snowcapped mountains of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya. They sent reports about them to Europe which were ridiculed by the experts. <mask>'s deteriorating health forced him to return to Germany in 1853. He brought with him several old Swahili manuscripts, including copies of the Book of the Battle of Tambuka, the earliest Swahili manuscript. In Korntal he continued his linguistic studies and advisory work for the Christian missions. Krapf's legacy
 The Anglican Church of Kenya counts him as its founding father.Linguists have been drawing on his works as he studied languages as diverse as Ge'ez, Amharic, Oromo, Swahili, Kamba, Mijikenda and Maasai language. His house at New Rabai is now part of Rabai Museum, one of the National Museums of Kenya. The building of the German Embassy at Nairobi is called "Ludwig-Krapf-House". In his home town of Tübingen-Derendingen there is an elementary school that bears his name. Bibliography (Selection)
•	Vocabulary of the Galla Language, London 1842. •	Vocabulary of six East African languages. Kiswahili, Kinika, Kikamba, Kipokomo, Kihiau, Kigalla, Tübingen 1850.•	Outline of the elements of the Kisuaheli Language, with special reference to the Kinika Dialect, Tübingen 1850. •	Reisen in Ostafrika, ausgeführt in den Jahren 1837 - 1855. Unveränderter Nachdruck der Ausgabe Stuttgart, Stroh 1858. Mit einer Einführung hrsg. von Werner Raupp, Münster, Berlin 1994 (= Afrikanische Reisen 2). •	The Books of the Old Testament. Translation in Amharic Language.,3 Bände, London 1871–73.•	Dictionary of the Suahili Language, London 1882. References

Sources and further reading
 Eber, Jochen: <mask> Krapf: ein schwäbischer Pionier in Ostafrika. 2006
 Gütl, Clemens. <mask> Krapf - "Do' Missionar vo' Deradenga" zwischen pietistischem Ideal und afrikanischer Realität (Beiträge zur Missionswissenschaft und interkulturellen Theologie, Bd. 17). Hamburg 2001. Gütl, Clemens.<mask> <mask>'s "Memoir on the East African Slave Trade" - Ein unveröffentlichtes Dokument aus dem Jahr 1853. With introduction edited by Clemens Gütl (Beiträge zur Afrikanistik, vol. 73), Wien 2002. Kretzmann, Paul E. (no date, author 1883-1955) <mask> Krapf: The Explorer-Missionary of Northeastern Africa. Columbus, Ohio: The Book Concern. Raupp, Werner: Gelebter Glaube. Metzingen/Württemberg 1993, pp.278–287: "<mask> Krapf - Bahnbrecher der ostafrikanischen Mission". Raupp, Werner: <mask> Krapf. Missionar, Forschungsreisender und Sprachforscher (1810-1881). In: Lebensbilder aus Baden-Württemberg, vol. 22. Ed. by Gerhard Taddey and Rainer Brüning, Stuttgart 2007, pp.182–226. Raupp, Werner: <mask> Krapf, "dr Missionar vo Deradinga". In: Hin und weg. Tübingen in aller Welt. Ed. by Karlheinz Wiegmann. Tübingen 2007 (Tübinger Kataloge, 77), S. (90) - 99.Raupp, Werner: Morgenroth des Reiches Gottes. In: Tübinger Blätter 96 (2010), pp. 70–73. External links and sources

 Krapf's life and works
 Kretzmann, Paul E., <mask> Krapf: The Explorer-Missionary of Northeastern Africa at Internet Archive
 1882 bio of <mask>
 Kraft at the web site of the Evangelische Kirche Württemberg
  More pictures of J.L. Krapf

1810 births
1881 deaths
People from Tübingen
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
German Lutheran missionaries
Translators of the Bible into Swahili
Translators of the Bible into Amharic
Anglican missionaries in Ethiopia
Anglican missionaries in Kenya
19th-century translators
German Anglican missionaries
German expatriates in Ethiopia
German expatriates in Kenya
Lutheran missionaries in Ethiopia
Lutheran missionaries in Kenya
German explorers of Africa
19th-century Lutherans
Missionary linguists

masks:
Johann Ludwig Krapf
Johannes Rebmann
Krapf
Krapf
Johannes Rebmann
Krapf
Krapf
Johann Ludwig
Johann Ludwig
Johann Ludwig
Krapf
John Ludwig
Johann Ludwig
Johann Ludwig
Johann Ludwig
John Ludwig
Krapf


text_chunks:
is a Japanese former professional wrestler and current professional wrestling referee. She started her career in March 2007, working alongside her sister <mask> on the Japanese independent circuit for promotions such as Ice Ribbon, JWP Joshi Puroresu and Pro Wrestling Wave. In June 2010, the <mask>s came together with fellow freelancer Kana to form the Triple Tails stable as part of which they began working most notably for Smash. After Io left the stable the following year, <mask> and Kana continued working together as the tag team Triple Tails.S<mask> remained a freelancer until January 2014, when she signed a four-way contract with Ice Ribbon, Oz Academy, Pro Wrestling Wave and Union Pro Wrestling. She retired from professional wrestling due to neck injuries in September 2015 at the age of 27, after which she started working as a referee. Professional wrestling career

Team Makehen (2007–2010)
<mask> made her professional wrestling debut on March 4, 2007, alongside her younger sister, with the two adopting the ring names <mask> and <mask>, respectively ("Shirai" being Japanese for "Purple Thunder").While both of the sisters initially kept much of their private lives, including their real names, a secret, Io's real name was released by Japanese authorities in May 2012 as . <mask>, on the other hand, has managed to keep her real name a secret. In their debut match, the Shirai sisters teamed with Toshie Uematsu to face the trio of Erika Ura, Nozomi Takesako and Yuri Urai. Starting their careers as freelancers, the Shirai sisters represented Team Makehen, a stable made up of wrestlers trained by Tomohiko Hashimoto, in several independent promotions during their first year in the business, including Ibuki, Pro Wrestling Wave, JWP Joshi Puroresu, and Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling. On October 19, 2008, <mask> and Io made their debuts for one of Japan's largest professional wrestling promotions, All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), wrestling in a match, where they defeated the team of Kyoko Kimura and Mikado. From January to March 2009, the Shirais also made several appearances for another large promotion not usually known for female wrestling, Pro Wrestling Zero1. On April 29, the Shirai sisters won their first championship by defeating Moeka Haruhi and Tomoka Nakagawa in a tournament final to become the first TLW (Totally Lethal Wrestling) World Young Women's Tag Team Champions.Despite its name, the championship was owned and promoted by Pro Wrestling Wave. From July to November, the Shirais spent four months working for the Ice Ribbon promotion. On November 12, 2009, the Shirais entered Pro Wrestling Wave's Captain's Fall Six Person Tag Team Tournament, teaming with Gami, but the trio was defeated in their first round match by Ran Yu-Yu, Ryo Mizunami and Toshie Uematsu. However, the trio earned their way back into the tournament by defeating Misaki Ohata, Moeka Haruhi and Yumi Ohka in a consolation match later that same day. On November 25, the Shirais and Gami first defeated Bullfight Sora, Cherry and Kaoru in the semifinals and then Ayumi Kurihara, Kana and Shuu Shibutani in the finals to win the tournament. On December 23, the Shirais lost the TLW World Young Women's Tag Team Championship to Misaki Ohata and Moeka Haruhi. On June 9, 2010, <mask> entered the 2010 Catch the Wave tournament.After two draws and two losses, Shirai finished last in her block and did not advance in the tournament. Triple Tails (2010–2011)

On June 19, 2010, the Shirai sisters formed the Triple Tails stable with fellow freelancer Kana, defeating Ayumi Kurihara, Hikaru Shida and Yoshiko Tamura in their first match together at a NEO Japan Ladies Pro Wrestling event. As a result, the Shirais received a shot Kurihara's and Tamura's NEO Tag Team Championship on July 4, but were defeated by the defending champions. Triple Tails returned to its winning ways on August 29, by defeating Asami Kawasaki, Hikaru Shida and Nagisa Nozaki in a six-woman tag team match. On October 18, 2010, <mask>, working under the ring name Kitzune Nanoko, made her debut for AAA in Puebla, Mexico, where she teamed with Alissa Flash to defeat Cynthia and Esther Moreno in a tag team match. In Mexico, both Shirais worked under cat-like masks they would only wear for their entrances in Japan. On October 31, Shirai was renamed Kaguya, while her debuting little sister was given the ring name Oyuki.In their first match under the new names, Kaguya and Oyuki teamed with Yuriko in a six-person tag team match, where they were defeated by Cynthia Moreno, Gato Eveready and Mari Apache. During their stay in AAA, Kaguya and Oyuki became associates of the La Legión Extranjera (Foreign Legion) stable. On November 7, Kaguya and Oyuki defeated Faby and Mari Apache in a tag team match and afterwards stole Faby's AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship and Mari's AAA Reina de Reinas Championship belts. On November 15, the Apaches and Cynthia Moreno defeated Kaguya, Oyuki and Sexy Star in a six-woman tag team match. A week later, Kaguya, Oyuki and Jennifer Blake defeated Moreno and the Apaches in another six-woman tag team match. This would turn out to be Kaguya's and Oyuki's final AAA appearance, which resulted in the storyline with the Apaches being dropped without a conclusion. Upon the Shirais' return to Japan, Triple Tails made its debut as a unit for Pro Wrestling Wave on December 19, defeating Cherry, Gami and Tomoka Nakagawa in the six-woman tag team main event.On January 29, 2011, the Shirais made their debuts for Smash, when the Triple Tails stable attacked Yusuke Kodama and Makoto after their matches, with the trio being both times chased out of the ring by Tajiri. On February 13, Triple Tails produced its first own event, where the Shirai sisters wrestled male tag team Momo no Seishun Tag (Atsushi Kotoge and Daisuke Harada) in a losing effort. On February 25, the Shirais made their Smash in-ring debuts at Smash.14, where they teamed with Kana to defeat Ken Ohka, Tajiri and Yoshiaki Yago in an intergender six-person tag team match. In March, Triple Tails took part in Osaka Pro Wrestling's Spring Samba Series, going undefeated in six-person tag team matches for the duration of the tour. On April 30 at Smash.16, Triple Tails was defeated in a six-woman tag team match by Makoto, Serena and Syuri. On May 3 at Smash.17, the Shirai sisters were defeated in a tag team match by Hikaru Shida and Syuri. Triple Tails' second event took place on May 8 and saw <mask>, Io and Kana defeat Akino, Kagetsu and Syuri in a main event six-woman tag team match.In June, <mask> began wrestling regularly for Union Pro Wrestling, starting a feud with male wrestler Ken Ohka. On July 10, <mask> defeated Ohka to win the SGP Global Junior Heavyweight Championship, afterwards declaring herself Ohka's master. On July 23, Triple Tails held a press conference to announce that, following the group's third self-produced event on September 18, Io was leaving the stable in order to pursue a singles career. On August 21, Triple Tails made its debut for Oz Academy, defeating the trio of Ayumi Kurihara, Hiren and Yumi Ohka. On September 14, Triple Tails defeated Cherry, Moeka Haruhi and Shuu Shibutani in the group's final Pro Wrestling Wave appearance. Four days later, Triple Tails defeated Dash Chisako, Ryo Mizunami and Sendai Sachiko at their third self-produced event in the group's final appearance together. Triple Tails.S (2011–2013)
After Io's departure from Triple Tails, <mask> and Kana renamed the group Triple Tails.S and continued wrestling together as a tag team.However, in Smash, <mask> and Kana were broken apart following Io's departure, with Kana being preoccupied with the Smash Diva Championship and <mask> entering a storyline with Takuya Kito. The storyline involved Kito repeatedly professing his love for <mask>, who refused to return the affection. On September 8 at Smash.21, <mask> defeated Kito in a hardcore match. After the match, when Kito continued to profess his love for <mask>, he was attacked by IWA Japan wrestler Keizo Matsuda. During the following months, <mask> repeatedly cost Kito matches against Matsuda and his colleagues, but still could not get him to leave her alone. After the break up of Triple Tails, <mask> continued making semi-regular appearances for Osaka Pro Wrestling, forming a partnership with male wrestler Hayata, whom she would refer to as her "big brother". The two also went on to team together in Pro Wrestling Wave.On October 19, <mask> lost the SGP Global Junior Heavyweight Championship to Cherry. Initially, <mask> announced that she was leaving Union Pro following her loss, but eventually came back to form a partnership with Ken Ohka, who had now accepted his role as her inferior. Meanwhile, <mask> and Kana also continued to produce their own events; Triple Tails.S' first show took place on November 2 and saw <mask> wrestle Toshie Uematsu to a 30-minute time limit draw in the main event. On November 23, <mask> and Kana defeated Ayako Hamada and Shuu Shibutani in the finals to win the Osaka Joshi Pro Wrestling Tag Team Tournament. In December 2011, <mask> made her American debut, when she took part in Chikara's JoshiMania weekend. On December 2 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, <mask> teamed with Mayumi Ozaki in a losing effort against the team of Ayako Hamada and Cherry. The following day in Everett, Massachusetts, <mask> was defeated by Ozaki in a singles match.On the third and final night of the tour in Manhattan, New York, <mask>, Aja Kong and Tsubasa Kuragaki defeated Hanako Nakamori, Manami Toyota and Sawako Shimono in a six-woman tag team match. On January 3, 2012, <mask> returned to the ring with her sister, when she teamed with Ken Ohka at a Union Pro event to unsuccessfully challenge Io and Nosawa Rongai for the Americas World Mixed Tag Team Championship. At a Pro Wrestling Wave event on February 1, Ayumi Kurihara, Mika Iida and Shuu Shibutani joined forces with <mask> and Kana, turning Triple Tails.S from a tag team once again into a stable. The following month, the stable was renamed White Tails, in reference to Wave's top villainous alliance, Black Dahlia. On February 11, <mask> began working regularly for Oz Academy, defeating Hiroyo Matsumoto, a member of the villainous Seikigun, in her return match to the promotion. On February 26, <mask> was defeated by Seikigun leader Mayumi Ozaki in a tryout match and afterwards agreed to join her stable, noting that they "had a lot of things in common". Back in Smash, the hostilities between <mask> and Takuya Kito ended after Kito led a four-man team to a final victory over a team of IWA Japan wrestlers, which led to <mask> and Kito teaming together and defeating Aki Shizuku and Koji Doi on March 14 at Smash.Final, the promotion's final event before ceasing its operations.Afterwards, <mask> continued working for Smash's follow-up promotion, Wrestling New Classic, teaming with Kana to defeat Makoto and Syuri at the promotion's first event, Before the Dawn, on April 26. After the match, <mask> sided with Makoto and against Kana, when she was verbally assaulting her defeated opponent. Taking Makoto under her wing, Shirai began referring to her as her sister. In early 2012, Shirai started a rivalry in Union Pro with Cherry, attempting to reveal her true age, a secret Cherry had managed to keep for her whole career. On March 18, Cherry defeated <mask> in a match, where she would have had to reveal her age, had she been defeated. A rematch, with an added stipulation that <mask> would have to remove all of her makeup if she lost, was scheduled for May 4, however, <mask> was forced to pull out of the match, after suffering a nasal fracture at an Oz Academy event five days earlier. <mask> ended up managing her replacement, Emi Sakura, to a win, after interfering in the match; as a result, Cherry was forced to reveal that she was born May 14, 1974.<mask>, working with a nose protector, returned to the ring on May 29 at a Pro Wrestling Wave event, losing to Syuri in her first round-robin match in the 2012 Catch the Wave tournament. On June 8, in her second match in the tournament, <mask> defeated Ayumi Kurihara, and in doing so also won DDT Pro-Wrestling's Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship. Two days later, <mask> lost the title to Hiroyo Matsumoto in the first round of a tournament to determine the number one contender to the Oz Academy Openweight Championship. On June 22, <mask> returned to WNC, when she teamed with Makoto in a tag team match, where they defeated Kana and Syuri. In early July, <mask> and Kana took part in the 2012 Japan Expo in Paris, France. On July 30, <mask> regained the Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship by pinning Gorgeous Matsuno in a four-way tag team match. However, immediately afterwards <mask> was pinned for the title by the special guest referee of the match, Gentaro.On July 27 at a Pro Wrestling Wave event, White Tails and Black Dahlia wrestled to a draw in a five-on-five gauntlet match, from which <mask> was eliminated after wrestling Black Dahlia leader Misaki Ohata to a ten-minute time limit draw. Afterwards, <mask> agreed to join Black Dahlia at the request of Ohata, who was trying to bring down the average age of her group, but also wanted to remain a member of White Tails. The two groups then agreed that the stable which would manage to draw fewer people to their self-produced Wave event, which would take place August 7 and 8, would disband. Shirai performed on both the Black Dahlia and the White Tails event and afterwards remained with White Tails, which won the battle for attendance 201-191, forcing Black Dahlia to disband. Also in August, <mask> returned to Ice Ribbon. After remaining undefeated for the entire month, scoring singles victories over Riho and Hamuko Hoshi and a tag team victory over Hikaru Shida, <mask> was named the number one contender to Shida's ICE×60 Championship, Ice Ribbon's top title. On September 23 at Ribbon no Kishitachi 2012, <mask> defeated Shida to win the ICE×60 Championship, her first major joshi title.Following her win, Shirai turned down Miyako Matsumoto's challenge for the title and stated that she instead wanted to defend it against Tsukasa Fujimoto, whom she dubbed "the face of Ice Ribbon". On October 28 at 2012 Yokohama Ribbon III, <mask> defeated Fujimoto for her first successful defense of the ICE×60 Championship. On November 27, <mask> once again worked under her masked Kaguya persona, when she took part in the 2012 Reina de Reinas tournament, co-produced by Pro Wrestling Wave and AAA in Tokyo's Korakuen Hall. After defeating Faby Apache in her opening match, Kaguya was defeated in the finals of the tournament by the reigning AAA Reina de Reinas Champion, Sexy Star. The following day, <mask> made her second successful defense of the ICE×60 Championship against Neko Nitta. After several months of inactivity, <mask> and Kana announced on December 5, a week following Kana's departure from WNC, that they were restarting Triple Tails.S. The team's return match took place on December 16 at a Pro Wrestling Wave event, where they were defeated by Hikaru Shida and Yumi Ohka.Also in December, <mask> was in the running for Tokyo Sports Joshi Puroresu Grand Prize, awarded to the joshi wrestler of the year, but was ultimately defeated in the voting process by Yuzuki Aikawa. On December 31 at RibbonMania 2012, <mask> lost the ICE×60 Championship to Maki Narumiya in her third defense, ending her reign at 99 days. On January 13, 2013, <mask> received her first shot at the Oz Academy Openweight Championship in a match, where she was defeated by the defending champion, fellow Seikigun member Chikayo Nagashima. On January 30, <mask> entered a tournament contested for the vacant Triangle Ribbon Championship, defeating Aoi Kizuki and Hikaru Shida in her first round three-way match. On February 11, <mask> was defeated in the finals of the tournament by Miyako Matsumoto in a three-way match, which also included Tsukasa Fujimoto. On February 13, <mask> and Ken Ohka entered a storyline in Union Pro, where the two were forced out of the promotion, after Ohka was defeated by Keisuke Ishii in a "Loser Leaves Union match". However, the two reappeared at the end of event, now working under balaclavas and the ring names "Nazo Fukumen A" and "Nazo Fukumen B" in order to be able to continue working for the promotion.<mask> and Ohka were later joined by several other Union Pro wrestlers under Nazo Fukumen masks, including Shota as Nazo

masks:
Io Shirai
Shirai
Mio
. Shirai
Shirai
Mio
Io Shirai
Mio
Mio
Mio
Shirai
Mio
Mio
Shirai
Mio
Mio
Mio
Mio
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai
Shirai


text_chunks:
 Fukumen C, Gabai-Ji-chan as Nazo Fukumen G, Kengo Mashimo as Nazo Fukumen K, Seiya Morohashi as Nazo Fukumen M, and Hiroshi Fukuda as Nazo Fukumen P. On February 17, <mask> entered the Wave Single Championship tournament as a late replacement for an injured Ayumi Kurihara, but was eliminated in her semifinal match by Kana. On February 24, Triple Tails.S held its first self-produced event in nine months, which saw <mask> and Kana wrestle Arisa Nakajima and Ayako Hamada in a main event tag team match. On March 29, <mask>, along with Hiroshi Fukuda, was named the official commentator for Union Pro's internet broadcasts. On April 5, <mask> made her in-ring debut as Nazo Fukumen B, unsuccessfully challenging Kaori Yoneyama for the Union Fly to Everywhere (FTE) World Championship, despite outside interference from Nazo Fukumen A and Nazo Fukumen P. On April 21, <mask> and Kana defeated Misaki Ohata and Tsukasa Fujimoto to win the Wave Tag Team Championship, bringing Triple Tails.S its first title. On June 9, <mask> picked up a major win by pinning the reigning JWP Openweight Champion Arisa Nakajima during the 2013 Catch the Wave tournament. Despite the win, <mask> failed to advance from her round-robin block, finishing with a record of three wins and three losses. On July 7, <mask> and Kana made their first successful defense of the Wave Tag Team Championship against Kyusei Sakura Hirota and Tsukasa Fujimoto.On July 12, the White Tails stable produced their final event before the group's dissolution, during which Shirai defeated the soon-to-retire Ayumi Kurihara in a singles match. Three days later, <mask> and Kana lost the Wave Tag Team Championship to Shidarezakura (Hikaru Shida and Yumi Ohka) in their second defense. On July 27, Shirai made another appearance as Kaguya for Pro Wrestling Wave, when she took part in a match, where Ayumi Kurihara retired her masked A☆YU☆MI persona. Replacing an injured Ray, she teamed with Leon to defeat A☆YU☆MI and noki-A, the masked Akino, in a tag team main event. Back in Ice Ribbon, <mask> formed a new partnership with rookie Rutsuko Yamaguchi. On August 25, <mask> and Yamaguchi defeated BBA38 (Cherry and Meari Naito) to become the number one contenders to the International Ribbon Tag Team Championship. They received their title shot on September 22, but were defeated by the defending champions, Muscle Venus (Hikaru Shida and Tsukasa Fujimoto).The following day in Union Pro, the Nazo Fukumen storyline was concluded, when first Kaori Yoneyama unmasked Nazo Fukumen B as Shirai during a mixed tag team match and later in the main event, Nazo Fukumen K, KJ and P lost to Union Seikigun (Isami Kodaka, Madoka and Seiya Morohashi) in a three-on-three hardcore elimination match. Post-match, the now unmasked Hiroshi Fukuda apologized for the stable's past actions and both he and Shirai were welcomed back to Union Pro by the promotion's official representative Naomi Susan. Shirai then entered a storyline built on the relationship between Union Pro and AV company IdeaPocket. Picking up wins over the likes of Hiroshi Fukuda, Masayuki Mitomi and Menso～re Oyaji, Shirai earned the right to collaborate with AV actresses such as Rika Seibi, Ryu Mizusaki and Tsubasa Amami. On October 20, Shirai returned to AJPW, when the promotion held its first women's match in years, where she was defeated by Akino. Six days later, Shirai made her debut for the AJPW splinter promotion Wrestle-1, defeating Bambi in a singles match. In late 2013, Shirai formed a new cross-promotional three-woman stable named Kuros with Misaki Ohata and Tsukasa Fujimoto.After not appearing for the promotion for thirteen months, it was announced on October 31 that <mask> would be returning to Wrestling New Classic as the newest member of Makoto's Shiritsu Puroresu Gakuen ("Private Wrestling School") stable. <mask>, however, quickly established that she was not on the same page as Makoto, announcing that she was bringing Misaki Ohata with her to confront the "wimps" in charge of the school. Shirai's WNC return match took place on November 29, when she and Ohata defeated Makoto and Miyako Matsumoto in a tag team match. On December 27, <mask> and Kana announced they were disbanding Triple Tails.S, with their final self-produced independent event taking place in early 2014. Four-way affiliation (2014–2015)
On January 22, 2014, Shirai held a press conference with the heads of Ice Ribbon, Oz Academy, Pro Wrestling Wave and Union Pro to announce that she had signed an unprecedented four-way contract with the promotions and was now officially affiliated with all four of them. As a signing gift, <mask> was given the right to book Oz Academy's March 2 event. She punished Seikigun's rivals Chikayo Nagashima, Hikaru Shida, Kagetsu and Sonoko Kato by placing them in unfavorable matches, named stablemates Mayumi Ozaki and Yumi Ohka the number one contenders to the Oz Academy Tag Team Championship and gave herself a shot at the Oz Academy Openweight Championship.Meanwhile, <mask> also earned another shot at the Union FTE World Championship, challenging Cherry after her first match under a Union Pro contract on February 11, where the two defeated Kaori Yoneyama and Sareee. On March 2, <mask> failed in her attempt to capture the Oz Academy Openweight Championship from Akino. <mask> also failed to win gold on two occasions in another one of her new home promotions, Ice Ribbon, unsuccessfully challenging Cherry for the Triangle Ribbon Championship on March 1 and Muscle Venus for the International Ribbon Tag Team Championship alongside Miyako Matsumoto on March 9. On March 23, <mask> also failed to win the Union FTE World Championship from Cherry. On May 15, <mask> and Kana produced Triple Tails.S' final independent event before officially dissolving the partnership, which featured a main event tag team match, where <mask> and Kayoko Haruyama were defeated by Kana and Arisa Nakajima. From May 5 to July 4, <mask> took part in the round-robin portion of the 2014 Catch the Wave tournament, finishing with a record of two wins, one draw and three losses, failing to advance from her block after losing to Misaki Ohata in their final round-robin match. On August 1, <mask> held a press conference to announce that on September 11 she would be producing her own event at Shinjuku Face under the banner of "M.I.O" (Mission in Odate), which would feature her wrestling her first deathmatch.On August 31, <mask> defeated Ladybeard to become the new Union FTE World Champion. On September 11, <mask> wrestled twice during her first M.I.O event; first she defeated Misaki Ohata and Tsukasa Fujimoto in a three-way match between the Kuros members and then, in the main event, teamed with Isami Kodaka and Maki Narumiya in a six-person "Barbed Wire Board Deathmatch", where they were defeated by Mayumi Ozaki, Shuu Shibutani and Yuko Miyamoto. On September 15, <mask> and Misaki Ohata unsuccessfully challenged Sakuragohan (Mika Iida and Kyusei Sakura Hirota) for the Wave Tag Team Championship, which also forced them to start the upcoming 2014 Dual Shock Wave from the first round. On September 23, <mask> and Ohata defeated Tsukasa Fujimoto and Yumi Ohka in the first round of the tournament. On October 1, <mask> and Ohata defeated Dynamite Kansai and Fairy Nipponbashi to advance to the semifinals of the tournament, where, later that same event, they wrestled Kyoko Kimura and Tomoka Nakagawa to a fifteen-minute time limit draw. Ohata was then defeated by Kimura in an overtime singles match and, as a result, both she and <mask> were eliminated from the tournament. On November 26, Kuros won Wave's second annual One Day 6-Person Tag Tournament, defeating Cherry, Meari Naito and Shuu Shibutani in the finals and, as a result, earned the right to produce the December 14 Wave event.On December 21, <mask> challenged Hikaru Shida for both the Wave Single Championship and the Revolution Championship Wrestling (RCW) Women's Championship, but the match ended in a thirty-minute time limit draw, resulting in Shida retaining her titles. Two days later, <mask> made a surprise appearance for World Wonder Ring Stardom, confronting her sister Io and challenging her to a match at the second M.I.O event on February 14, 2015. On December 28 at Ice Ribbon's biggest event of the year, Ribbon Mania 2014, <mask> made her first successful defense of the Union FTE World Championship against Tsukushi. Later that same day, <mask> won the fan vote portion in the third annual Zan1 tournament, securing her overall win in the multi-stage tournament involving the entire Pro Wrestling Wave roster and earning her a rematch with Shida for the Wave Single Championship. Kuros took the first three positions in the tournament with Ohata, the winner of the two previous Zan1s, coming in second and Fujimoto third. On January 24, 2015, <mask> made her second successful defense of the Union FTE World Championship against Aoi Ishibashi. On February 14, her 27th birthday, Shirai presented the second M.I.O event in Shinjuku Face, which saw her lose to her sister Io in a main event singles match.This marked the first time in three years that the two sisters had wrestled in the same match. Two days later, Shirai held a press conference, where she announced that she would be retiring from professional wrestling due to issues with her neck, wrestling her final match at the fifth M.I.O event on September 20. On March 1, <mask> lost the Union FTE World Championship to Cherry in her third defense. In early 2015, <mask> and Misaki Ohata received two shots at the Wave Tag Team Championship, but were both times defeated by the defending champions, Las Aventureras (Ayako Hamada and Yuu Yamagata). A third title match between the two teams took place on March 15 and saw <mask> and Ohata become the new champions. Immediately afterwards, <mask> announced she was cashing in her Zan1 shot at the Wave Single Championship, held by Hamada, but was defeated in that title match. Six days later, <mask> won another tag team title, when she and Tsukushi defeated .STAP (Maki Narumiya and Risa Sera) to win the International Ribbon Tag Team Championship.<mask> and Ohata made their first successful title defense on April 19 against Kaho Kobayashi and Tsukasa Fujimoto. On May 9, the third M.I.O event featured <mask> retiring her Kaguya character, following a time-limit draw with Ayako Hamada. On June 7, <mask> defeated Akino with help from her Seikigun stablemates to win the Oz Academy Openweight Championship for the first time. After the match, Shirai confronted Akino's MK4 stable and proclaimed that she would relinquish the title if she ever lost to any member of the stable. Later that same day, Shirai faced Oz Academy Tag Team Champion and MK4 member Kaho Kobayashi in a non-title match at an event co-produced by Oz Academy and Pro Wrestling Wave. Following outside interference from Tomoka Nakagawa, Shirai was pinned by Kobayashi and, as a result, relinquished the Oz Academy Openweight Championship, ending her reign at only four hours and two minutes. On June 17, Shirai won yet another title, when she defeated Hibiscus Mii to regain the Union FTE World Championship.The fourth M.I.O event took place on June 19 and saw <mask> lose to Arisa Nakajima in the main event. On June 24, <mask> and Tsukushi made their first successful defense of the International Ribbon Tag Team Championship against the Lovely Butchers (Hamuko Hoshi and Mochi Miyagi) as part of Ice Ribbon's ninth anniversary week. On July 4, they made their second successful defense against Orange Happies (Aoi Kizuki and Kayoko Haruyama) with <mask> pinning ICE×∞ Champion Kizuki for the win, setting up a future double title match for both the ICE×∞ and Union FTE World Championship. On July 19, <mask> and Mayumi Ozaki defeated Kagetsu and Kaho Kobayashi to win the Oz Academy Tag Team Championship, meaning that <mask> now simultaneously held titles in all four promotions she was signed to. On July 26, <mask> returned to Stardom to wrestle what was billed as the <mask> sisters' final match together, where <mask> and Io defeated Hiroyo Matsumoto and Mayu Iwatani. On July 29, <mask> lost the Union FTE World Championship to Aoi Kizuki in her first defense in a match also contested for the ICE×∞ Championship. On August 9, as part of her road to retirement, <mask> was set to face male wrestler Minoru Suzuki at a Wave event.Before the start of the match, Suzuki announced he was putting his GHC Heavyweight Championship on the line in the match, before going on to defeat <mask> to retain the title. On August 17, <mask> and Tsukushi lost the International Ribbon Tag Team Championship to Nekoka Tag (Leon and Neko Nitta) in their third defense. Three days later, Kuros produced their final independent event, before the stable's dissolution, where <mask>, Fujimoto and Ohata defeated Chikayo Nagashima, Kayoko Haruyama and Meiko Satomura in a six-woman tag team main event. On August 23, <mask> lost another one of her tag team titles, when she and Mayumi Ozaki were defeated by Kagetsu and Kaho Kobayashi in a rematch for the Oz Academy Tag Team Championship. That same event, <mask> received a shot at the Oz Academy Openweight Championship, immediately after Sonoko Kato had won it, but was defeated by the new champion. On September 13, <mask> and Ohata made their second successful defense of the Wave Tag Team Championship against Hiroyo Matsumoto and Ryo Mizunami. As her retirement drew closer, Shirai wrestled her final match for Union Pro on September 15, where she and Ladybeard were defeated by Gentaro and Kyoko Kimura.The following day, Shirai worked her final Pro Wrestling Wave event, during which she wrestled a series of five matches against Hikaru Shida, Ryo Mizunami, Yumi Ohka, Misaki Ohata and Asuka, drawing with Shida, defeating Asuka and losing the other three. On September 18, <mask> wrestled her final match for Oz Academy, where she was defeated by Mayumi Ozaki. Her final Ice Ribbon match took place the following day, when she wrestled a series of twelve one-minute matches against the entire roster. On September 20, Shirai produced her fifth M.I.O event in Korakuen Hall, which also served as her retirement event. During the event, <mask> wrestled three matches. First she teamed with Aoi Kizuki in a tag team match, where they defeated Mayumi Ozaki and Yumi Ohka with <mask> pinning Ozaki for the final win of her career. Then she wrestled the final singles match of her career, where she was defeated by Isami Kodaka.Finally, she wrestled in a six-woman tag team main event, where she, Misaki Ohata and Tsukasa Fujimoto were defeated by Hiroe Nagahama, Risa Sera and Tsukushi, who pinned her to end her career. Following the match, <mask> and Ohata relinquished their Wave Tag Team Championship. Post-retirement
On October 4, 2015, <mask> returned to Union Pro to take part in the promotion's final event before folding, accompanying Ken Ohka and Shinichiro Tominaga to a three-way tag team match, where they were defeated by Men's Teioh and Sagat and which also included Kengo Ohka and Madoka. On December 15, 2015, it was announced that <mask> would start working as a referee under the ring name <mask>, written in Roman script and stylized in all capital letters. She made her debut in the role at Ice Ribbon's RibbonMania 2015 on December 31. In January 2016, <mask> began refereeing matches also for both Oz Academy and Pro Wrestling Wave. On August 16, it was announced that <mask> was officially joining Ice Ribbon's staff on September 1.In addition to continuing to work as a referee for the promotion, she would also take over the Puroresu Circle training duties. In August 2020, Shirai wrestled a few matches for Ice Ribbon filling in for Nao Ishikawa who had to have ovarian surgery and could not compete. Other media
In 2008, Shirai appeared with fellow wrestlers Kayo Noumi and Takako Inoue in , a video with lesbian discipline and catfight themes, released by Attack Zone, a label of Attackers. In September 2012, Shirai released a gravure DVD titled . On December 8, 2012, Shirai and Kana released another DVD with a similar theme, titled Sadistic Tails. Personal life
In September 2015, Shirai announced she was getting married the following month. Shirai later revealed her fiancé as professional wrestler Tank Nagai.The wedding ceremony took place on October 16, 2015. On December 31, 2016, <mask> announced she was pregnant with the couple's first child. She gave birth on June 18,

masks: Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Mio Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Shirai Mio Shirai Shirai Shirai


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 15 August 1979) is an English musician and producer who writes and performs electronic music. He began his career playing keyboards for Imogen Heap, and has produced but also contributed to albums by Brian Eno, Coldplay, David Holmes and others. <mask> composed the soundtrack for the 2010 film Monsters, which was nominated for an Ivor Novello Award for Best Original Score. His third studio album, Insides, reached no. 15 on the US Dance/Electronic Albums chart in 2009. His collaborations on Small Craft on a Milk Sea with Brian Eno and Leo Abrahams and Diamond Mine with King Creosote both reached no. 82 on the UK Albums Chart.Both  of his albums Diamond Mine (2011)  and Immunity (2013) were nominated for the Mercury Prize. His fifth studio album Singularity received a Grammy nomination for Best Dance/Electronic Album in December 2018. <mask>'s sixth studio album, Music for Psychedelic Therapy, was released on 12 November 2021. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1979 in Kingston upon Thames and grew up in nearby Wimbledon. He first became aware of electronic music after hearing early house music on the radio at the age of seven or eight, and also became a fan of Depeche Mode and the Pet Shop Boys. These records inspired an early fascination with synths. At the age of 12 <mask> began studying piano at the Junior Department of the Royal College of Music in London, where he continued until age 17.The composers that were greatly influential to him whilst studying were Ravel and Stravinsky, and he eventually won a competition to perform a concert of Ravel's Piano Concerto in G with an orchestra. For a time <mask> considered becoming a professional pianist, only to decide classical performance was too formal and unnerving to pursue full-time. As a teenager he also listened to acid house, early hardcore, grunge, as well as electronica artists such as Acen, Seefeel, and Plaid. When <mask> was 14 he got his first computer, an Amiga 500, and started programming MIDI material. By the age of 15 he had saved up enough money from winning piano competitions to buy a low-level professional Roland synth, and on this he began creating his first full-length electronic compositions. Career

1997–2004: Early years
After finishing his final exams at age 17, <mask> accompanied his friend Leo Abrahams to an audition for Imogen Heap's backing band. <mask> decided to audition as well, and was hired to handle both keyboard and samples, while Abrahams was hired as guitarist.He toured with the new band for the entirety of 1998. In 1999 <mask> signed with boutique London label Just Music as a solo artist, and began recording his debut album Opalescent. At the time he was also working part-time as a studio session musician. Opalescent attracted positive press attention upon its release, and several tracks were licensed to Sex and the City. The Guardian reviewed it as "a beautifully realized debut. Using synth oozes, phased and echoed guitars and pianos and chilled beats, his wonderful tunes drift from calm to eerie power like a restless sea. It will delight any lovers of beautiful music."DJ Magazine gave it 4/5 stars, and stated "Piano, guitar strings and slow beats blend like the clouds at sunset (or an opiate smoothy) filtering in and out like elegantly wasted beauty. Darker drums add a further depth." <mask> released his second album, Contact Note, on Just Music in 2004 while still working as a studio musician. The album slowly gained an underground following but failed to take off, and led <mask> to become disillusioned with his solo career, and take a break from writing to learn how to become a producer. 2004–2007: Work with Brian Eno and Coldplay

By 2004, Abrahams had been collaborating for some time with ambient musician and producer Brian Eno. Abrahams played some of <mask>' second record for Eno, and Eno invited him to join them for a jam session. On the first day of their collaboration they came up with some of the music for Eno's upcoming album Another Day on Earth, and <mask> became a long-term collaborator.Shortly afterwards <mask> produced King Creosote's album Bombshell, which initiated his relationship with the Fence Collective. He also co-wrote tracks with DJ and composer David Holmes for Holmes' Holy Pictures album, and remixed for James Yorkston. In 2007, <mask> was invited by Eno, who was producing Coldplay's upcoming album Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends, to join the band in the studio for a day. <mask> ended up staying and contributing to the album for the next year, co-producing several tracks and playing organs, harmoniums, and other keyboard instruments on others. The intro to the track "Violet Hill" came from an improvisation with <mask> and Davide Rossi, the album's string arranger. Throughout this period <mask> was periodically creating his own solo tracks, and his song "Light Through the Veins" was adapted to serve as the introduction to the album's first track "Life in Technicolor". "Light Through the Veins" was also picked by the band to serve as the backing for the track "The Escapist", which is hidden at the end of the album.Viva la Vida was released in 2008, and won Best Rock Album at the 2009 Grammy Awards and became the best-selling album of 2008. Coldplay asked <mask> to serve as the pre-show DJ and opening act for their 2008 world tour. <mask> toured with the band for six months through England, the United States, and Japan. He performed at venues including Madison Square Garden and the London O2 Arena, with crowds as large as 20,000 people. 2008–2013: Entity; production

In 2008 <mask> was commissioned by choreographer Wayne McGregor to compose music for Entity, a production of McGregor's "Random Dance" group. Entity was performed live at Sadler's Wells in April 2008 to critical acclaim. A world tour followed throughout 2008 and 2009.<mask> also has co-writing or producing credits on albums by artists such as David Holmes and Dan Arborise. He is also known for remixing a variety of artists, including Wild Beasts, Nosaj Thing, Imogen Heap, Four Tet, and James Yorkston. He was also one of the few producers chosen by Radio 1's Rob Da Bank to remix film director David Lynch's first electronica release, "Good Day Today" / "I Know", which was released on Sunday Best Records. 2008–2009: Insides

Hopkins signed to Domino Recording Company in late 2008. <mask>'s third album, Insides, was released by Domino Records on 5 May 2009. It included the track "Light Through the Veins", which had previously been used on the Coldplay album, Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends. Some of the tracks had been written by <mask> sporadically since his last release, while others were based on the music he had composed for the Entity production.<mask> developed an intense live show to support the release, resulting in club and festival performances across Europe and the United States. He secured supporting slots with The xx, Röyksopp, and Four Tet. Many of his live shows used background visuals featuring the animations of Vince Collins. Insides charted at no. 15 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart. PopMatters listed the album as one of the top ten electronic albums of 2009. According to reviews, the album "takes its cues from ambient electronica, but uses strings and piano, along with some very tasty beats and dubstep-influenced bass on some tracks."TinyMixTapes stated the albumstrikes me as his single most aggressive release yet. His sense of timing, the clarity of his production, and the variety of effects he employs draw you into the story that each instrumental tells. <mask> is not a button-pushing man of presets; he is a bona fide composer and a trained pianist. Craftsmanship sets him apart, and allows Insides to be as incredibly moving as it is and always will be. It will easily be one of the best electronic albums of 2009. <mask> [is] capable of producing music as epic, soaring and emotional as any power ballad in his own way. Take "Light Through The Veins" for example ... a close relative of Ulrich Schnauss' "In All The Wrong Places", it's a majestic piece of widescreen shoegazing which grows ever more expansive throughout its entire ten-minute duration ... no amount of reflected glory could ever fully illuminate Insides' mysterious depths.2009–2013: Pure Scenius, film scores

In June 2009 <mask> was invited by Brian Eno to play some solo shows at the Luminous Festival at the Sydney Opera House. A few weeks prior to leaving, Eno asked <mask> to join with himself, Underworld's Karl Hyde, Leo Abrahams, and the Sydney-based improv trio The Necks in the group "Pure Scenius", the planned finale for the Luminous Festival. They then improvised music based on pre-planned themes, putting on three 1½-hour shows in the Opera House with Hyde on vocals. Pure Scenius was repeated a year later in Brighton, when Eno was curating the Brighton Festival. In 2009, <mask> collaborated with Brian Eno and Leo Abrahams to score the Peter Jackson film The Lovely Bones. In early 2010, <mask> composed the score for the short film Rob and Valentyna in Scotland directed by Eric Lynne, which won an honourable mention for the short film-making award at Sundance. Also in 2010 <mask> was commissioned to create the soundtrack for the British science fiction film Monsters, which was directed by Gareth Edwards.To create the score, <mask> partly used string parts performed by arranger Davide Rossi and guitar by Leo Abrahams. The soundtrack album was released on 29 November 2010 on Domino Records. In 2011 the score was nominated for an Ivor Novello Award for Best Original Score. 2009–2012: Collaborations

<mask> collaborated with Tunng on the EP Seven Gulps of Air in 2009, which was commissioned by designer Christopher Kelly for London Fashion Week. Seven Gulps of Air was listed as one of Drowned in Sound's singles of the year. In 2010 <mask> collaborated with Leo Abrahams and Brian Eno to create the album Small Craft on a Milk Sea. Released on Warp Records in late 2010, the album is based on a three-week session of improvisation wherein the artists recorded about six hours of material a day.In 2011 <mask> collaborated with Scottish musician King Creosote to create the album Diamond Mine, which featured lyrics and vocals by Creosote sung over musical backdrops arranged and recorded by <mask>. The album was a culmination of about seven weeks of work spread over seven years of recording and collaboration, from whenever the two artists had the opportunity to get together. The album was released on 28 March 2011 to acclaim, which included a glowing review from NPR. On 19 July 2011 <mask> and Anderson were announced as nominees for the 2011 Barclaycard Mercury Prize, which is annually awarded for best album from the United Kingdom and Ireland. Also in 2011, the EP Honest Words, a <mask> collaboration with King Creosote, was released on Domino Records. In April 2012, this was followed by another collaboration with King Creosote: The Jubilee, also on Domino. <mask> wrote the score for the 2013 film by Kevin Macdonald, How I Live Now.2013: Immunity

Immunity is <mask>' fourth studio album, released on 4 June 2013, by Domino Records. Among the artists that contributed vocals were long-time collaborator King Creosote, and Corin Roddick and Megan James of the band Purity Ring. It was recorded and produced in <mask>' London studio, with <mask> often using homemade sound effects or the natural sound of the room. Stated MixMag, "Immunity is an album of organic techno and exquisite mini-symphonies." Immunity peaked at no. 13 on Top Electronic Albums by Billboard in the United States. In Britain it was nominated for the 2013 Mercury Prize for best album.The album met with a largely positive reception among critics, receiving perfect scores from Mixmag and MusicOMH, and 4/5 from The Guardian. Pitchfork Media described Immunity as a "remarkably visceral, sensual, confident electronic record," and MusicOMH called it a "modern classic". The video for the single 'Open Eye Signal' directed by Aoife McArdle won best cinematography at the UK Music Video Awards. 2014–present: Asleep Versions, Singularity, and Music for Psychedelic Therapy

In 2014 <mask> co-produced the song "Midnight" for Coldplay's 2014 album Ghost Stories, and released an EP titled Asleep Versions on 10 November. The EP includes (according to Domino Records) "four decelerated, dreamlike re-imaginings" of four tracks featured on his album Immunity. The EP has additional vocals from Raphaelle Standell-Preston of the band Braids & regular collaborator King Creosote, and artwork from Robert Hunter. <mask>' fifth studio album, Singularity, was released on Domino Records on 4 May 2018.It was nominated for the Grammy award for Best Dance/Electronic Album. <mask>' sixth studio album, Music for Psychedelic Therapy, was released on 12 November 2021. It comprises ambient music designed to accompany psychedelic trips, including a track incorporating words from the spiritual leader Ram Dass. Live performances
<mask> has performed at music festivals such as Moogfest, Mutek, Beacons Festival, and Electric Zoo, and at venues such as Madison Square Garden and the London O2 Arena. As of 2014 he maintains a regular touring schedule both in England and internationally, playing at the Glastonbury Festival in June, with upcoming dates at the Pitchfork Music Festival, Electric Picnic and Time Music Festival and in 2015 at Wonderfruit in Thailand for the premiere of the iy_project, a collaboration with light artist, Chris Levine. Style and equipment
Style and genre
According to reviews, "<mask>'s aesthetic is perpetually intriguing. He transcends genres, melding digital coldness with subtle, bucolic textures; veering from skewed elegance to strange, unsettling depths.""He makes powerfully emotive, instrumental music that consistently crosses genres, ranging from solo acoustic piano to explosive, bass-heavy electro." Also, he "meticulously constructs lush, downtempo arrangements, blending digital beats and soothing ambience." Equipment and software
As of September 2010 his studio setup relies on a Logic system, though all his previous releases were on Cubase VST, used in conjunction with an old version of SoundForge. He began using Logic because his old system was not powerful enough to include the video for film soundtracks. His live setup includes Ableton Live and a chain of up to five Kaoss Pads. Personal life
<mask> practices autogenic training and Transcendental Meditation, of which he says, "For me, it's not about relaxing. It can get music flowing in a way that's really uninhibited, and I want to spend as much time in that place as possible."Discography

Studio albums
 Opalescent (2001)
 Contact Note (2004)
 Insides (2009)
 Immunity (2013)
 Singularity (2018)
 Music for Psychedelic Therapy (2021)

Further reading

"HT Interview: <mask>" Glide Magazine. 27 June 2013

References

External links

<mask> on Domino Records
<mask> on Last.fm
<mask> on CD Universe

1979 births
Ableton Live users
Double Six Records artists
English electronic musicians
English record producers
Living people

masks:
Jonathan Julian Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Jon Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Jon Hopkins
Paul ClarkeHopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Hopkins
Jon Hopkins
Jon Hopkins
Jon Hopkins
Jon Hopkins


text_chunks:
<mask> (16 February 1866 – 23 January 1945) was an English footballer and all-round sportsman who played a prominent part in the early history of Southampton Football Club, leading them to success in local cup tournaments and captaining the side in their first FA Cup match in 1891. Early life
<mask> was born in Hereford and represented his county at both football and cricket. He is recorded as making three appearances for Herefordshire County Cricket Club in 1885, against Worcestershire in July and again in August and against MCC in August. <mask> was employed as an engraver by the Ordnance Survey and in 1887 he was posted to their offices in Southampton. Speaking in 1999, <mask>'s daughter-in-law, <mask>, said that <mask> was "not at all happy" about being posted to Southampton and that <mask> maintained that the move was arranged by Dr. Russell Bencraft who was medical officer at the Ordnance Survey and the first president of Southampton St. Mary's F.C. Football career
In October 1887, he was introduced to Southampton St. Mary's F.C. and asked to play as a full-back.He played at right-back in the club's first appearance in a cup tournament, in the Hampshire Junior Cup against Totton on 26 November 1887. The match was won 1–0, with "<mask>'s playing at the back (being) a distinctive feature of the game". The team went on to defeat Petersfield 10–0 in the next round, with five goals from A. A. Fry and four from captain C.E. (Ned) Bromley. This was followed by victories over Lymington (4–0) and Bournemouth Arabs (2–1) before the final against Southampton Harriers. The first match, played at the County Cricket Ground ended in a 2–2 draw, with St. Mary's taking the replay on 24 March by a 2–1 margin, thus winning their first trophy.<mask> appeared in all six matches in the cup tournament, playing at right-back. In the summer of 1888, Ned Bromley moved to London to study dentistry and <mask> was appointed team captain, a position he was to retain for the next six years. As captain, <mask> was described as "a gentleman and a generous opponent". In the third round of the Hampshire Junior Cup, St. Mary's were drawn to play Fordingbridge Turks on 12 January 1889. <mask> and three other St. Mary's players had been selected to play for the Hampshire F.A. against Berks & Bucks on the same day. St. Mary's tried to get the match against the Turks re-arranged but the New Forest club refused.Consequently, St. Mary's withdrew their four players from the county match to play in the cup. The "Saints" won the match (played at the Antelope Ground) 3–2, earning them a semi-final appearance against Cowes. The first match, played at Northwood Park in Cowes, ended in a 1–1 draw; the Cowes captain requested extra time but <mask> refused, claiming that the team would miss their ferry home from the Isle of Wight. The replay at the County Ground was also drawn, thus requiring a third match. The sides had each scored once by half-time and the scores were level when a shot from M. Warn was caught well behind the line by the Cowes goalkeeper who quickly threw the ball out. After claims and counter-claims from both teams, the referee awarded a goal to St. Mary's. After the match, Cowes lodged a formal written protest with the Hampshire F.A.which was initially rejected but this was overturned after an appeal from Cowes, who claimed that the linesman had stopped the ball with his flag while it was still in play. The third replay, also at the County Ground, was a heated affair watched by a crowd estimated at 7,000 but St. Mary's won 4–1 to earn their place in the final. This was played at Bar End, Winchester against Christchurch on 6 April and was rather an anti-climax, with St. Mary's winning 3–0 to retain the trophy. In 1891, St. Mary's had a relatively straightforward passage to the final of the Hampshire Junior Cup, where they defeated Lymington 2–0. Having won the cup for three consecutive years, the Saints retained the trophy permanently. In the following season, St. Mary's entered the Hampshire Senior Cup for the first time and reached the final against the winners of the two previous years, the Royal Engineers based at Aldershot. In the final, played at the County Ground on 14 March 1891, the Saints took an early lead through Ernie Nicholls before "a rare slip" from <mask> allowed the engineers to equalise.Two second-half goals, from Frank Bromley and Bob Kiddle, saw St. Mary's claim the senior cup for the first time. The success in local cup competitions prompted the club committee to enter a national tournament for the first time – in the First Qualifying Round of the FA Cup on 3 October 1891, they played at Warmley near Bristol winning comfortably 4–1, with <mask> scoring his only goal in a competitive match. The draw for the next round was a home match against Reading to be played on 24 October 1891. Two weeks before the tie at the Antelope Ground, the Saints arranged a friendly against the 93rd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, after which two members of the Highlanders side, Pte. Jock Fleming and Sgt. Alexander McMillan, were signed by the Saints. The FA Cup 2nd Qualifying match was played at the Antelope Ground on 24 October, and ended in a 7–0 victory to the "Saints", in which Private Fleming featured strongly with his aggressive style of play earning him a hat-trick.At the reception after the match, the Reading secretary asked for, and received, an advance of £3 on the share of the gate money. With this he immediately sent a telegram of protest accompanied by the necessary fee of 2 guineas to the Football Association claiming that the Saints had fielded illegally registered players in Fleming and McMillan. The claim was upheld by the F.A., who found that the players had not been registered at least 28 days before the match, and as the Saints had not complied with the requirements of Rule 5 they were thus expelled from the competition. In March 1892, St. Mary's retained the Hampshire Senior Cup, with an easy 5–0 victory over a Medical Staff team. In the Second Qualifying Round of the 1892–93 FA Cup, St. Mary's were easily defeated 4–0 by Maidenhead, for whom three goals were scored by F.W. Janes. St. Mary's promptly signed Janes on professional terms, but the signing was revoked by the Football Association, who judged that he was "in no fit condition to realise what he was doing when he signed for Southampton".St. Mary's also competed in the Hampshire Senior Cup in 1892–93, hoping to claim a third consecutive victory. After 2–0 wins over the Royal Engineers and a side from Portsmouth, they reached the final against local rivals Freemantle. The final was played on 11 March 1893 at the County Ground in front of a substantial crowd who threatened to spill onto the pitch. Freemantle led 1–0 at half-time before Jack Dollin equalised. With the score 1–1 and only a few minutes left to play, a Freemantle forward, Horton, was about to score past Ralph Ruffell in the Saints' goal when he was tripped by William Stride. Despite protests from the "Saints", the referee awarded a penalty to Freemantle, which was converted by Shirley Hawkins, giving Freemantle their first trophy. After the match, <mask> protested to the referee that the foul had been committed outside the penalty area, saying that he could point out the exact spot where the offence occurred.The referee, Mr. Royston Bourke, replied: "In that case, I suggest you have a tombstone erected over it." In 1893–94, St. Mary's, by now largely a professional side, were again eliminated from the FA Cup in the qualifying rounds, going out to Reading. <mask> damaged a leg in a friendly match in December 1893 thus ending his playing career. With <mask> now playing at right-back, St. Mary's reached the final of the Hampshire Senior Cup again in March 1894, but were defeated 1–0 by the Royal Engineers. <mask> was unable to fully recover from his leg injury and he retired from playing football in May 1894, thus missing the club's first season in the Southern League. In his seven years with St. Mary's, <mask> made six appearances in the FA Cup, scoring once; he also played in the finals of seven local cup tournaments, of which only the 1893 final of the Hampshire Senior Cup ended in defeat. Later career
Following his retirement, <mask> was presented with a gold watch.He continued to work for the club, and in 1901 he became the manager of the reserve team, continuing in this role until the start of World War I, helping to develop the careers of players such as Fred Harrison, Frank Jefferis and Arthur Dominy. After he stepped down as reserve-team manager, <mask> was made a life-member of Southampton Football Club. He was a member of the Southampton Amateur Swimming Club, and represented Hampshire at water polo. He was employed by the Ordnance Survey in Southampton, until he retired in 1927, after 40 years' service. References

1866 births
Sportspeople from Hereford
1945 deaths
English footballers
Southampton F.C. players
Association football defenders
Southampton F.C. non-playing staff
Herefordshire cricketers

masks:
George Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Nellie Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter
George Marshall
Carter
Carter
Carter
Carter