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<mask>  is an Australian Roman Catholic priest. He is a member of the Salesian order and the founder and CEO of the charity Youth Off The Streets. On 3 April 2021, the Sydney Morning Herald reported that <mask> was gravely ill with a variety of ailments. Early years

<mask> was born in Echuca, Victoria in 1954 and grew up on a dairy farm in the district. In 1973 he graduated from a school run by the Salesians. He was inspired by the movie Boys Town and went on to train as a teacher. He has worked as a teacher, youth worker, probation officer, residential care worker and principal of the charity Boy's Town.In 1982 he was ordained a priest at Oakleigh, Victoria. <mask> is the founder and CEO of Youth Off The Streets and has worked with disadvantaged youth for more than 35 years in a variety of roles including teacher, youth worker, probation officer, residential carer and principal. He officially founded Youth Off The Streets in 1991. As CEO of Youth Off The Streets, <mask> oversees the operation of over 25 programs which employ over 180 staff and involve more than 250 volunteers. He has implemented innovative behaviour modification strategies to help young people deal with a history of trauma, abuse and neglect. Many of these strategies have been adopted by schools across Australia and by government agencies. <mask> believes there is no such thing as a "child born bad", but acknowledges that there are bad environments, circumstances and families that impact negatively on our young."We must have the courage to demand greatness from our youth". Qualifications
 Diploma of Teaching, 1975
 Secondary Teachers Certificate of Registration No. 37378, 1975
 Primary Teachers Registration Board, 1976
 Bachelor of Theology, Melbourne College of Divinity, Clayton, Victoria, 1982
 Bachelor of Arts (major Sociology and English) Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 1984
 Diploma of Abuse and Trauma Counselling, Australian Institute of Professional Counsellors, Queensland, 1996
 Diploma of Psychology, Applied School of Psychology, Sydney, 1997
 Diploma of Aboriginal Studies,  TAFE NSW OTEN, 2010
 Certificate IV in Alcohol and Other Drugs, TAFE NSW OTEN, 2010
 Honorary Doctorate of Letters, University of Western Sydney. "This award is in recognition of your outstanding humanitarian service to the community, especially youth", 2010
 Masters of Special Education, University of Southern Queensland, 2010

Youth Off The Streets
<mask> founded Youth Off The Streets (YOTS) in 1991 with a food van delivering meals to homeless youth in the Kings Cross area in Sydney. Since then the organisation has grown to offer more than 35 services, including aboriginal programs, crisis accommodation, alcohol and other drug services, counselling, accredited high schools, outreach, residential programs and a mentoring program. The organisation is non-denominational and works for young people who are homeless, drug dependent and recovering from abuse. <mask> is CEO of the organisation, sharing the belief that no child is born bad, and that by having someone believe in them and through the right support, young people can overcome the immense personal traumas that they face.Youth Off The Streets opened a centre for youth in Macquarie Fields, named after longtime supporters Elizabeth and David Koch. The Centre creates a safe and engaging environment based on trust and respect and supports young people by providing opportunities to encourage and facilitate life choices. Located at 86 Parliament Rd Macquarie Fields, the Centre and the activities it offers young people aim to set an Australian benchmark for excellence in the provision of youth and community services. Youth Off The Streets Overseas Relief Fund has provided support in East Timor, Indonesia and Tanzania. <mask> has worked with the Islamic organisation Muhammadiyah and helped build an orphanage in Aceh, Indonesia, after the 2004 tsunami. <mask> makes frequent media appearances on behalf of YOTS, including a weekly radio segment broadcast on 2UE in Sydney and 2CC in Canberra. Attitude towards gambling
In the decade from 2000 to 2009, Youth Off The Streets received $3.5 million in donations from the Australian gambling industry, particularly poker machines.<mask> lobbied against the taxation of gambling, stating that "the Government won't fund services like mine and are now also attacking the revenues that we previously did have available." With respect to his position on the effect of gambling on society, in 2003 he stated in a radio interview, "I acknowledge that the great problem facing the community is people who are addicted to gambling and I call for the clubs to put in place systems and supports to help people fight this addiction." In December 2011 it was revealed that <mask> had lent his name in support of a campaign by Clubs Australia against proposed mandatory precommitment limits for poker machines. <mask> expressed his concern saying that a better way to tackle problem gambling was treatment and counselling, not legislation. Awards and honours
In 2006, <mask> was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for service to disadvantaged youth through the establishment of Youth Off The Streets and the development of a range of assistance and mentoring initiatives for adolescents and to the welfare of children overseas through humanitarian assistance efforts. In 2006, he also received the Human Rights Medal from the then Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (shared with broadcaster Phillip Adams). On 20 April 2010, <mask> was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Western Sydney in recognition of his work.In 2012, <mask> was nominated as NSW Australian of the Year for his work with disadvantaged youth. References

External links
 Youth Off The Streets website
 Inside access with Fr <mask>: Youth Off the Streets - an interview with <mask>, published in Bellaboobaba on 9 June 2008
 Teen life: hope on the street - an article about Key College founded by <mask>, published in Bellaboobaba on 10 June 2008

Australian Roman Catholic priests
Salesians of Don Bosco
Members of the Order of Australia
1954 births
Probation and parole officers
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
People from Echuca
University of Divinity alumni

masks:
Christopher Keith Riley
Father Riley
Riley
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Chris Riley
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<mask> (; Anglicized as <mask> ; 1515 – 26 August 1572) was an influential French humanist, logician, and educational reformer. A Protestant convert, he was one of the most prominent victims of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. Early life
He was born at the village of Cuts, Picardy; his father was a farmer. He gained admission at age twelve (thus about 1527) to the Collège de Navarre, working as a servant. A reaction against scholasticism was in full tide, at a transitional time for Aristotelianism. On the occasion of receiving his M.A. degree in 1536, Ramus allegedly took as his thesis Quaecumque ab Aristotele dicta essent, commentitia esse (Everything that Aristotle has said is false), which Walter J. Ong paraphrases as follows:

According to Ong this kind of spectacular thesis was in fact routine at the time.Even so, Ong raises questions as to whether Ramus actually ever delivered this thesis. Early academic career

Ramus, as graduate of the university, started courses of lectures. At this period he was engaged in numerous separate controversies. One opponent in 1543 was the Benedictine . He was accused, by Jacques Charpentier, professor of medicine, of undermining the foundations of philosophy and religion. Arnaud d'Ossat, a pupil and friend of Ramus, defended him against Charpentier. Ramus was made to debate Goveanus (Antonio de Gouveia), over two days.The matter was brought before the parlement of Paris, and finally before Francis I. By him it was referred to a commission of five, who found Ramus guilty of having "acted rashly, arrogantly and impudently," and interdicted his lectures (1544). Royal support

He withdrew from Paris, but soon afterwards returned, the decree against him being canceled by Henry II, who came to the throne in 1547, through the influence of Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine. He obtained a position at the Collège de Navarre. In 1551 Henry II appointed him a regius professor at the Collège de France, but at his request he was given the unique and at the time controversial title of Professor of Philosophy and eloquence. For a considerable time he lectured before audiences numbering as many as 2,000. , another professor there, published Contra novam academiam Petri Rami oratio (1551), and called him a "parricide" for his attitude to Aristotle. The more serious charge was that he was a nouveau academicien, in other words a sceptic.Audomarus Talaeus (Omer Talon c.1510–1581), a close ally of <mask>, had indeed published a work in 1548 derived from Cicero's description of Academic scepticism, the school of Arcesilaus and Carneades. After conversion

In 1561 he faced significant enmity following his adoption of Protestantism. He had to flee from Paris; and, though he found asylum in the palace of Fontainebleau, his house was pillaged and his library burned in his absence. He resumed his chair after this for a time, but he was summoned on 30 June 1568 before the King's Attorney General to be heard with Simon Baudichon and other professors: the position of affairs was again so threatening that he found it advisable to ask permission to travel. He spent around two years, in Germany and Switzerland. The La Rochelle Confession of Faith earned his disapproval, in 1571, rupturing his relationship with Theodore Beza and leading Ramus to write angrily to Heinrich Bullinger. Returning to France, he fell a victim in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572).Hiding for a while in a bookshop off the Rue St Jacques, he returned to his lodgings, on 26 August, the third day of the violence. There he was stabbed while at prayer. Suspicions against Charpentier have been voiced ever since. His death was compared by one of his first biographers, his friend and colleague , to the murder of Cicero. Pedagogue

A central issue is that Ramus's anti-Aristotelianism arose out of a concern for pedagogy. Aristotelian philosophy, in its Early Modern form as scholasticism showing its age, was in a confused and disordered state. Ramus sought to infuse order and simplicity into philosophical and scholastic education by reinvigorating a sense of dialectic as the overriding logical and methodological basis for the various disciplines.He published in 1543 the Aristotelicae Animadversiones and Dialecticae Partitiones, the former a criticism on the old logic and the latter a new textbook of the science. What are substantially fresh editions of the Partitiones appeared in 1547 as Institutiones Dialecticae, and in 1548 as Scholae Dialecticae; his Dialectique (1555), a French version of his system, is the earliest work on the subject in the French language. In the Dialecticae partitiones Ramus recommends the use of summaries, headings, citations and examples. Ong calls Ramus's use of outlines, "a reorganization of the whole of knowledge and indeed of the whole human lifeworld." After studying Ramus's work, Ong concluded that the results of his "methodizing" of the arts "are the amateurish works of a desperate man who is not a thinker but merely an erudite pedagogue". On the other hand, his work had an immediate impact on the issue of disciplinary boundaries, where educators largely accepted his arguments, by the end of the century. Logician

The logic of Ramus enjoyed a great celebrity for a time, and there existed a school of Ramists boasting numerous adherents in France, Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands.It cannot be said, however, that <mask>'s innovations mark any epoch in the history of logic, and there is little ground for his claim to supersede Aristotle by an independent system of logic. The distinction between natural and artificial logic, i.e., between the implicit logic of daily speech and the same logic made explicit in a system, passed over into the logical handbooks. He amends the syllogism. He admits only the first three figures, as in the original Aristotelian scheme, and in his later works he also attacks the validity of the third figure, following in this the precedent of Laurentius Valla. Ramus also set the modern fashion of deducing the figures from the position of the middle term in the premises, instead of basing them, as Aristotle does, upon the different relation of the middle to the major term and minor term. Rhetorician

As James Jasinski explains, "the range of rhetoric began to be narrowed during the 16th century, thanks in part to the works of <mask>." In using the word "narrowed," Jasinski is referring to Ramus argument for divorcing rhetoric from dialectic (logic), a move that had far reaching implications for rhetorical studies and for popular conceptions of public persuasion.Contemporary rhetoricians have tended to reject Ramus's view in favor of a more wide ranging (and in many respects, Aristotelian) understanding of the rhetorical arts as encompassing "a [broad] range of ordinary language practices." Rhetoric, traditionally, had had five parts, of which inventio (invention) was the first. Ramus insisted on rhetoric to be studied alongside dialectic through two main manuals: invention and judgement under the dialectic manual, and style and delivery in the rhetoric manual. Memory, one of the five skills of traditional rhetoric, was regarded by Ramus as being part of psychology, as opposed to being part of rhetoric, and thus dispensed from his idea of rhetoric and dialectic. Brian Vickers said that the Ramist influence here did add to rhetoric: it concentrated more on the remaining aspect of elocutio or effective use of language, and emphasised the role of vernacular European languages (rather than Latin). Ramist reforms strengthened the rhetoricians' tendency to focus on style. The effect was that rhetoric was applied in literature.Invention involves fourteen topics, including definition, cause, effect, subject, adjunct, difference, contrary, comparison, similarity, and testimony. Style encompasses four tropes: metaphor, synecdoche, metonymy, and irony. It also includes rules for poetic meter and rhythmical prose, figures corresponding to attitudes a speaker may take, and of repetition. Delivery covers the use of voice and gestures. His rhetorical leaning is seen in the definition of logic as the ars disserendi; he maintains that the rules of logic may be better learned from observation of the way in which Cicero persuaded his hearers than from a study of Aristotle's works on logic (the Organon). Logic falls, according to Ramus, into two parts: invention (treating of the notion and definition) and judgment (comprising the judgment proper, syllogism and method). Here he was influenced by Rodolphus Agricola.This division gave rise to the jocular designation of judgment or mother-wit as the "secunda Petri". But what Ramus does here in fact redefines rhetoric. There is a new configuration, with logic and rhetoric each having two parts: rhetoric was to cover elocutio and pronuntiatio. In general, Ramism liked to deal with binary trees as method for organising knowledge. Mathematician

He was also known as a mathematician, a student of Johannes Sturm. It has been suggested that Sturm was an influence in another way, by his lectures given in 1529 on Hermogenes of Tarsus: the Ramist method of dichotomy is to be found in Hermogenes. He had students of his own.He corresponded with John Dee on mathematics, and at one point recommended to Elizabeth I that she appoint him to a university chair. The views of Ramus on mathematics implied a limitation to the practical: he considered Euclid's theory on irrational numbers to be useless. The emphasis on technological applications and engineering mathematics was coupled to an appeal to nationalism (France was well behind Italy, and needed to catch up with Germany). Ramism

The teachings of Ramus had a broadly based reception well into the seventeenth century. Later movements, such as Baconianism, pansophism, and Cartesianism, in different ways built on Ramism, and took advantage of the space cleared by some of the simplifications (and oversimplifications) it had effected. The longest-lasting strand of Ramism was in systematic Calvinist theology, where textbook treatments with a Ramist framework were still used into the eighteenth century, particularly in New England. The first writings on Ramism, after the death of Ramus, included biographies, and were by disciples of sorts: Freigius (1574 or 1575), Banosius (1576),  (1599), of whom only Nancelius was closely acquainted with the man.Followers of Ramus in different fields included Johannes Althusius, Caspar Olevianus, John Milton, Johannes Piscator, Rudolph Snellius and Hieronymus Treutler. Works

He published fifty works in his lifetime and nine appeared after his death. Ong undertook the complex bibliographical task of tracing his books through their editions. Aristotelicae Animadversiones (1543)
Brutinae questiones (1547)
Rhetoricae distinctiones in Quintilianum (1549)
Dialectique (1555)
Arithmétique (1555)
De moribus veterum Gallorum (Paris, 1559; second edition, Basel, 1572)
Liber de Cæsaris Militia Paris, 1584
, au Roy, Paris, (1562)
Three grammars:  (1548), Grammatica Graeca (1560),  (1562)
 (1565, 1566, 1578)
Prooemium mathematicum (Paris, 1567)
Scholarum mathematicarum libri unus et triginta (Basel, 1569) (his most famous work)
Commentariorum de religione christiana (Frankfurt, 1576)

See also
Mnemonics
Ramism

Notes

References

Further reading
Nelly Bruyère, Méthode et dialectique dans l'oeuvre de La Ramée: Renaissance et Age classique, Paris, Vrin 1984
Desmaze, Charles. <mask> <mask>, professeur au Collège de France, sa vie, ses ecrits, sa mort (Paris, 1864). Feingold, Mordechai; Freedman, Joseph S.; Rother, Wolfgang (eds.). The Influence of Petrus Ramus.Studies in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Philosophy and Sciences. Schwabe, Basel 2001, . Freedman, Joseph S. Philosophy and the Arts in Central Europe, 1500-1700: Teaching and Texts at Schools and Universities (Ashgate, 1999). Graves, Frank Pierrepont. <mask> and the Educational Reformation of the Sixteenth Century (Macmillan, 1912). Høffding, Harald. History of Modern Philosophy (English translation, 1900), vol.i.185. Howard Hotson, Commonplace Learning: Ramism and Its German Ramifications, 1543–1630 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). Lobstein, Paul. Petrus Ramus als Theolog (Strassburg, 1878). Miller, Perry. The New England Mind (Harvard University Press, 1939). Milton, John.A Fuller Course in the Art of Logic Conformed to the Method of <mask> (London, 1672). Ed. and trans. Walter J. Ong and Charles J. Ermatinger. Complete Prose Works of John Milton: Volume 8. Ed. Maurice Kelley.New Haven: Yale UP, 1982. p. 206-407. Ong, Walter J. (1982). Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. New York: Methuen.(p. viii). ---.Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue: From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason (Harvard University Press, 1958; reissued with a new foreword by Adrian Johns, University of Chicago Press, 2004.Ong, S.J., Walter J.: Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue ).---. Ramus and Talon Inventory (Harvard University Press, 1958). Owen, John. The Skeptics of the French Renaissance (London, 1893). Pranti, K. "Uber P. Ramus" in Munchener Sitzungs berichte (1878). Saisset, Émile. Les précurseurs de Descartes (Paris, 1862).Sharratt, Peter. "The Present State of Studies on Ramus," Studi francesi 47-48 (1972) 201-13. —. "Recent Work on <mask> (1970–1986)," Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric 5 (1987): 7-58. —. "Ramus 2000," Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric 18 (2000): 399-455. Voigt.Uber den Ramismus der Universität Leipzig (Leipzig, 1888). Waddington, Charles De Petri Rami vita, scriptis, philosophia (Paris, 1848). External links

 'Ramism' entry in The Dictionary of the History of Ideas

 Catholic Encyclopedia entry
 Charles Waddington, Ramus (Pierre de la Ramée) sa vie, ses écrits et ses opinions (1855)

1515 births
1572 deaths
People from Oise
University of Paris alumni
Collège de France faculty
French philosophers
French Renaissance humanists
French mathematicians
16th-century French mathematicians
16th-century French writers
16th-century male writers
16th-century philosophers
French rhetoricians
Rhetoric theorists
Trope theorists
Deaths by stabbing in France
People murdered in France
French murder victims
French Calvinist and Reformed Christians
16th-century Calvinist and Reformed Christians
Calvinist and Reformed philosophers

masks:
Petrus Ramus
Peter Ramus
Ramus
Ramus
Peter Ramus
Petrus
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Peter Ramus
Peter Ramus


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<mask> (born 1934) is an American artist and one of the protagonists of the Pop art movement. In 1962, the Museum of Modern Art included his Marilyn Tryptych into its permanent collection. At the peak of his career, <mask> retired. He returned to the art scene around 30 years later. Life

Early works
In 1934, <mask> was born in Tahoka, Texas and grew up in San Angelo, Texas. His mother, an interior decorator and entrepreneur, encouraged him to have an artistic interest. In high school, <mask> and some friends started a rodeo club to pursue their first dream of being cowboys.During his military service, <mask> worked as a draftsman and designed posters. Back in Texas, he continued his education at the San Angelo College and continued working for an architectural firm. In 1959, <mask> studied at the University of Texas at Austin, in order to work in architecture design in Odessa afterwards. Then he concentrated on his artistic career. In 1962, <mask> moved to Los Angeles, carrying in his luggage numerous works of art including Women in Cars which he presented to the Felix Landau Gallery. In November 1962, the Museum of Modern Art in New York – as a gift of John de Menil and Dominique de Menil – added his three-part painting of Marilyn Monroe called Marilyn Triptych to its collection. His drawing Laughing Women in car and Close-up was shown between drawings by Picasso and Odilon Redon.In 1965, <mask> taught painting at the University of Idaho. His work in these years was often depressing and bleak in tone and mood. Main themes were the social and political affairs such as the Vietnam War. <mask> created a series of anti-war paintings which dealt with civil and military leaders. The playwright William Inge described the men in these paintings as “figures of high public reputation, momentarily caught in some nefarious act that will probably destroy their political or professional reputations”. Arising out of a series of anti-war images is the work The Machines. The composition formally joins the media coverage of the United States with the combat conditions in Vietnam.As a draftsman, <mask> earned a reputation for handling contemporary issues through photographic images. The combination of his expressionist art and his graphite pencil went against the trend of this time. William Inge described the dark graphite pencil compositions as follows: "His paintings hold a moment of truth, which is of unfortunate beauty and makes memorable". In this way, <mask> goes even further than the often apolitical intent of the early movements of pop art. By addressing his paintings for example with the Vietnam War, his works gain an additional socio-critical dimension which provides a much wider range than the mere and superficially not intended criticism of pop art in consumer society. In 1967, the São Paulo 9 - Environment United States: 1957-1967 in Brazil showed <mask>'s works with artists such as Andy Warhol and Edward Hopper. This exhibition led to <mask>'s breakthrough in the international art world.His works were included in the collections of major museums. In the same year, <mask> was asked by Time magazine to portray the Russian Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who had just escaped from a Russian labor camp. <mask> produced the image as a four-panel quadriptych. The figure transforms from a faceless into a smiling man who has regained his freedom. <mask>: "All the people are political prisoners in the way that they are prisoners of the system in which they are born". The work hung in the lobby of the Time-Life building for around five years. <mask>’s sources have always come from the present.His recognition as an artist has not only been based on the portraits of famous personalities such as John F. Kennedy, Marilyn Monroe and the Beatles, but to a large extent on his works which turned the political power structure and the war itself into question. An important work from this period is Political Prisoner. The series shows the silhouette of a pregnant woman. Her body is the symbol for the longevity of the people and for the possibility of a new beginning of each generation, freed from the mistakes of their parents' generation. But simultaneously, <mask> seems to suggest that even the unborn child is caught: Born in the cauldron of a nuclear family, the younger generation could be the unfortunate heir of the world, which they did not even form themselves, but by which it was itself formed. In 1969, <mask> taught at the University of California in Irvine. In 1970, he was offered a visiting professorship at the University of Oregon in Eugene.<mask> was at the peak of his career, and very popular in the Pop art scene. But many contemporaries saw a profound and complex sense in his works, expressing more than Pop art originally intended: “<mask> is a prominent artist of Pop art, although he is too much a painter and treats its subjects in a very emotionally charged way, than only being regarded as a Pop artist". Withdrawal from the art scene
In 1972, <mask> went surprisingly into a self-imposed exile, in the expectation of being able to maintain a kind of long-distance relationship with the art scene. He wanted to develop his artistic expression, without being delivered to the constraints of the material world. He stated, "at the time I was pretty well strung out on a lot of stuff, strung out on fame and art and the Political Prisoner dilemma (…). So, when I drove up through the California redwoods and up along the coast, the beauty of the place blew my mind and I realized that I didn’t have to live in Los Angeles". After the professorship in Oregon, <mask> sold his house, numerous pictures and drawings, so he could buy land and a house in Whale Gulch in the southern portion of the King Range Wilderness.Rediscovery
Parallel to his work as an architectural designer in Northern California, <mask> began again with painting in the mid 1980s. He returned to Texas and developed his art, but without going to the public. However, his life changed dramatically when about ten years later, the art magazine "American way" of the Smithsonian American Art Museum called him and asked for an interview. This marked the beginning of his rediscovery, and numerous galleries and museums became aware of him again. Around 1987, <mask> started to work with the tools of computer design, using "the computer and the printer as a drawing tool". For the first time in 2005, a retrospective was held in his hometown San Angelo at the Museum of Fine Arts. Late works
Around 2010, <mask>'s late creative phase began, in which – in contrast to the dominance of political motives in the early works – the artist increased the focus on the presentation of classic Pop art icons such as John Wayne, Paul Newman or Marilyn Monroe.<mask> created numerous works of the American film actress who, since his early success with the Marilyn Triptych (which was included in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art even before the works of Andy Warhol) has exerted an unbroken fascination on him. Through personal acquaintances with Tony Curtis, Kirk Douglas, John Wayne, Jim Morrison, Martin Luther King Jr. and Marlon Brando, <mask> as an artist has become witness of a whole generation. These celebrated public characters also marked the substance of <mask>’s work, which he is trying to convey through various techniques and compositions. Today’s art of <mask> is a fusion of realism and abstraction. Photos still remain the foundation of his art. He now sets the image composition of his paintings in the computer and works consciously with mounting effects which he describes as Metamage or Mixed Media. Exhibitions (selection)
 1962/1964/1966  Alan Gallery, New York City
 1963/1965/1967  Felix Landau Gallery, Los Angeles
 1964 Galeria George Lester, Rome
 1966 Crocker Gallery, Sacramento, California
 1970 Civic Center, Topanga, California
 2005 San Angelo Museum of Fine Arts, San Angelo, Texas
 2012 “L.A.Raw“, Pasadena Art Museum, Pasadena, California
 2013 art Karlsruhe
 2014 ART Innsbruck
 2015 Art Southampton, New York
 2016 Busan Biennale, South Korea
 2017 Museum of the Southwest, Midland, Texas

Works in public collections
 Berkeley Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley
 Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig, Vienna
 Museum of Modern Art, New York
 National Museum of the U.S. Navy, Washington, D.C.
 National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.
 Neue Galerie, Kassel
 San Angelo Museum of Fine Arts, San Angelo, Texas
 Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, California
 Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.
 Stanford University Center for Visual Arts, Stanford, California
 The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
 Whitney Museum of American Art, New York

Honors and awards
 Art fellowship, University of Texas, 1959
 Awarded Purchase Prize, Sixty-seventh Annual American Exhibition, The Art Institute of Chicago, 1964

Bibliography
 Alfred H. Barr: Painting and Sculpture in the Museum of Modern Art. Museum of Modern Art, 1977. John I. H. Baur: Dictionary of Contemporary American Artists. 5. Auflage. Whitney Museum of American Art Catalogue of the Collection. Cummings, Paul (1987), 1974.Kimberly S. Bushby: The power of pop-icons in the age of celebrity. In: <mask> <mask>: Catalogue Raisonné of Original Prints (Vol. 1). 2017.
 van Deren Coke: The Painter and the Photograph: From Delacroix to Warhol. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque 1964. Lonnie Pierson Dunbier (Ed. ): The Artists Bluebook 34,000 North American Artists to March 2005.2005. Michael Duncan: Gill. L.A. RAW. Pasadena Museum of California Art. 2005. Jim Edwards, William Emboden, David McCarthy: Uncommonplaces: The Art of <mask> <mask>.2005. Peter Hastings Falk (Ed. ): Who Was Who in American Art. 1564–1975. 1999. Jaques Cattell Harris: Who's Who in American Art. 1976.Neil Harris, Martina R Norelli: Art, Design and the Modern Corporation. 1985. Eberhard and Phyllis Kronhausen: Erotic Art. Carroll & Graf Publishers. 1993. David McCarthy: Movements in Modern Art: Pop Art. 2000.David McCarthy: Sincerely Disturbed: <mask> and Vietnam. 2005. Premium Modern Art (Ed. ): <mask> <mask> – The Absence of Color. 2018. Henrey J. Seldis: <mask>. In: Los Angeles Times.November 8, 1965. Peter Selz: Art Across America. 1965. Smithsonian Institution: National Portrait Gallery Collection Illustrated Checklist. 1985. Tampa Bay Art Center: 40 Now California Painters. 1968.University of Oklahoma: East Coast-West Coast Paintings.'' 1968. External links
 Website of <mask>
 Interview 2010
 Video documentation 2014

References

1934 births
American portrait painters
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
American contemporary painters
Living people
People from Tahoka, Texas
People from San Angelo, Texas
Postmodern artists
Artists from Texas
University of Idaho faculty
American pop artists

masks:
James Francis Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
Gill
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Gill
Gill
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Gill
James Gill
James Francis
Gill
James Francis
Gill
James Gill
James Francis
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James Gill
James Gill


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<mask>Julie<mask> (; June 19, 1915 – February 8, 2004) was a comic book editor, and a science fiction agent and prominent fan. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He is best known as a longtime editor at DC Comics, where at various times he was primary editor over the company's flagship superheroes, Superman and Batman. He was inducted into the comics industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1996 and the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1997. Early life
Born on June 19, 1915 to Romanian-Jewish parents Joseph and Bertha who emigrated from a small town outside Bucharest, Romania. <mask> and his parents resided at 817 Cauldwell Avenue in the Bronx. He graduated at age seventeen from Theodore Roosevelt High School in The Bronx.Career
In 1932, <mask> co-published (with Mort Weisinger and Forrest J. Ackerman) Time Traveller, one of the first science fiction fanzines. <mask> and Weisinger also founded the Solar Sales Service literary agency (1934–1944) where <mask> represented such writers as Alfred Bester, Stanley G. Weinbaum, Robert Bloch, Ray Bradbury, and H. P. Lovecraft, including some of Bradbury's first published work and Lovecraft's last. <mask> helped organize the first World Science Fiction Convention in 1939. In 1944, while looking for work, he was encouraged by his client, Alfred Bester, who was writing "Green Lantern" at the time, to apply as an editor at All-American Publications, a subsidiary of DC Comics. In 1956, after the formation of the Comics Code Authority, <mask> worked along with writer Robert Kanigher and artists Carmine Infantino and Joe Kubert on the company's first attempt at reviving superheroes: an updated version of the Flash that would appear in Showcase #4 (October 1956). The eventual success of the new, science-fiction oriented Flash heralded the wholesale return of superheroes and the beginning of what fans and historians call the Silver Age of Comic Books. <mask> also worked with writers John Broome and Gardner Fox and revived other superheroes such as Green Lantern in Showcase #22 (October 1959); Hawkman in The Brave and the Bold #34 (February–March 1961); and the Atom in Showcase #34 (Sept-Oct. 1961).A character <mask> created himself, Adam Strange, debuted in Showcase #17 (Nov–Dec. 1958), and was unusual in that he used his wits and scientific knowledge, rather than superpowers, to solve problems. <mask> first thought the concept of the Justice League of America as an updating of the Justice Society and the idea was then developed by Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky. The new team debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28 (February/March 1960), and received its own title in October 1960. It became one of the most successful series of the Silver Age. <mask> oversaw the introduction of the Elongated Man in The Flash #112 (May 1960) by writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino. In 1964, <mask> was made responsible for reviving the faded Batman titles.Under his editorial instructions, Broome and Infantino jettisoned the sillier aspects that had crept into the series such as Ace the Bathound and Bat-Mite and gave the character a "New Look" that premiered in Detective Comics #327 (May 1964). During the rise in popularity of the Batman comics thanks to the Batman TV Series, William Dozier (producer of the show), pitched an initial concept for a female hero and <mask>, Gardner Fox, and Carmine Infantino introduced Barbara Gordon as a new version of Batgirl in a story titled "The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl!" in Detective Comics #359 (January 1967). He helped writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Neal Adams come to prominence at DC Comics. The duo, under the direction of <mask>, would revitalize the Batman with a series of stories reestablishing the character's dark, brooding nature. <mask> edited Detective Comics until issue #481 (Dec. 1978/Jan. 1979) and Batman until issue #309 (March 1979).From 1971 to 1986 <mask> was the editor of the Superman titles, helping to modernize the settings of the books and move them away from "gimmick" stories to stories with more of a character-driven nature. This included an attempt to scale back Superman's powers while removing kryptonite as an overused plot device. This proved short-lived, with <mask> bowing to pressure to restore both elements in the titles. <mask> oversaw the launch of DC Comics Presents in 1978 and edited it throughout its 97 issue run. As an editor, <mask> was heavily involved in the writing of the stories published in his magazines. He worked out the plot with the writer in story conferences. The writer would then break down the plot into a panel-by-panel continuity, and write the dialogue and captions.<mask> would in turn polish the script, sometimes rewriting extensively. Later career

<mask> retired from DC in 1986 after 42 years at the company, but continued to be active in comics and science fiction fandom until shortly before his death. As a coda to his career as a comic book editor, <mask> edited seven releases in the DC Graphic Novel line adapted from classic science fiction works by Harlan Ellison, Robert Silverberg, Bradbury, and others. In 2000 he published his autobiography, Man of Two Worlds: My Life in Science Fiction and Comics, co-authored with Brian Thomsen. He was a popular guest at comics and science fiction conventions, often attending 10–12 conventions a year. Personal life
In 1952, <mask> married Jean Ordwein who had been his secretary. She died in 1986 from emphysema.<mask>'s relationship with Jean had been particularly close, and he never remarried or dated following her death. Not many years later, <mask>'s stepdaughter Jeanne (Jean's daughter from a previous marriage) died from the same illness under similar circumstances. <mask> died at the age of 88, after being hospitalized for pneumonia. He was survived by his son-in-law, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He remained a "goodwill ambassador" for DC Comics and an Editor Emeritus up until his death. Following his death, a number of women came forward alleging that <mask> had behaved inappropriately with them. These included Jo Duffy, Jill Thompson, and Colleen Doran, who stated that he had attempted to fondle her in a limousine when she was an aspiring artist in her teens.Awards
In 1998, Dragon*Con chairman Ed Kramer established the Julie Award, bestowed for universal achievement spanning multiple genres and selected each year by a panel of industry professionals. The inaugural recipient was science-fiction and fantasy Grand Master Ray Bradbury. Additional awards, presented by <mask> each year, included Forrest J. Ackerman, Yoshitaka Amano, Alice Cooper, Will Eisner, Harlan Ellison, Neil Gaiman, Carmine Infantino, Anne McCaffrey, Peter David, Jim Steranko, and Micky Dolenz. In addition to his induction into both of the comic-book industry's halls of fame, <mask> received a great deal of other recognition over the course of his career, including:

 1962 Alley Award for Best Editor
 1972  Shazam Award for Superior Achievement by an Individual in 1972, for bringing the Marvel Family back into print. 1981 Inkpot Award
 1985 Named as one of the honorees by DC Comics in the company's 50th anniversary publication Fifty Who Made DC Great. 1997 Raymond Z. Gallun Award for "outstanding contributions in the genre of science fiction" - co-recipient with Harlan Ellison

Appearances in comics
<mask> has appeared as himself in a number of comics:

The Flash #179 (May 1968)
In the "Flash — Fact Or Fiction" story (reprinted in The Greatest Flash Stories Ever Told), the Flash finds himself on "Earth Prime" (the real Earth that we live on). He contacts the "one man on Earth who might believe his fantastic story and give him the money he needs.The editor of that Flash comic mag!" <mask> helps the Flash build a cosmic treadmill so that he can return home. Justice League of America #123 (October 1975) and #124 (November 1975)
In "Where On Earth Am I?" and "Avenging Ghosts of the Justice Society", <mask> tasks writers Cary Bates and Elliot S. Maggin with inventing a fresh plot for the Justice League of America comic book. Using the cosmic treadmill left behind by the Flash in Flash #179, Bates and Maggin are transported to Earth-Two and Earth-One, respectively, leaving <mask> to cover for their absence when DC Publisher Carmine Infantino walks into his office. Superman #411 (1985)
As a 70th birthday present, the staff at DC Comics made Superman #411 as a surprise tribute to <mask>, who was involved in creating what he thought was #411. The cover shows <mask> in his office being surprised by real-life co-workers just before Superman flies in the window with a birthday cake.The story features <mask> playing himself as a down-and-out character with a modified version of his real history. Action Comics #583 (September 1986)
The cover of part two of the two-part alternate-universe story "Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow? ", written by Alan Moore and begun in the same month's Superman #423, shows Superman flying away from a number of DC Comics staff, including <mask>. Superman and Batman: World's Funnest (2000)
During Mister Mxyzptlk and Bat-Mite's rampage in numerous DC Universe realities, they find the "real" Earth and <mask> working in the DC offices. DC Comics Presents (2004)
After <mask>'s death, DC Comics issued a series of eight standalone one-shot specials. Each issue featured two stories based on a classic DC cover from the mid-1950s and 1960s Silver Age of Comic Books, reflecting <mask>'s frequent practice of commissioning a cover concept, then telling the writers to create a story about that cover. <mask> or a doppelganger thereof appeared in all eight issues, serving various roles.<mask> appeared as a character in the Ambush Bug titles by Keith Giffen, which <mask> edited. <mask> has made countless appearances in Adam Strange stories as Alanna's father, Sardath. Julie was proud to be recognized as the planet's chief scientist and "the finest mind on Rann". It was from the Adam Strange stories that he lifted the auto-bio title for himself as the "Man of Two Worlds". 2) #1–89, 93–103 (1960–1972, 1977–1978)
Hawkman #1–21 (1964–1967)
Hopalong Cassidy #86–135 (1954–1959)
The Joker #1–9 (1975–1976)
Justice League of America #1–165 (1960–1979)
Krypton Chronicles #1–3 (1981)
Mystery in Space #1–91 (1951–1964)
The New Adventures of Superboy #1–54 (1980–1984)
Sensation Comics #30–48, 81, 101–102, 104, 106–116 (1944–1953)
Shazam! #1–26 (1973–1976)
Showcase #4, 8, 13–14, 17–19, 22–24, 34–36, 55–56, 60–61, 64 (1956–1966)
Son of Ambush Bug #1–6 (1986)
Spectre #1–8 (1967–1969)
Strange Adventures #1–163, 217–244 (1950–1964, 1969–1973)
Strange Sports Stories #1–6 (1973–1974)
Super Friends #17–47 (1979–1981)
Supergirl (vol. 2) #14–23 (1983–1984)
Superman #233–423, Annual #9–12, Special #1–3 (1971–1986)
The Superman Family #164–180, 195–222 (1974–1976, 1979–1982)
Superman: The Secret Years #1–4 (1985)
Teen Titans #45–50 (1976–1977)
Weird War Tales #109–124 (1982–1983)
Western Comics #43–85 (1954–1961)
Wonder Woman #9, 12–16, 33–41, 43–50, 212–227 (1944–1951, 1974–1977)
World's Finest Comics #198–205, 207–214, 256, 259–261 (1970–1972, 1979–1980)

DC Comics and Marvel Comics
Superman vs.The Amazing Spider-Man (1976) (as consulting editor)

References

Further reading
 <mask>, <mask>: Man of Two Worlds: My Life In Science Fiction and Comics, 197 pages, Harper Paperbacks, June 2000,

External links
"DC Profiles #19: <mask>" at the Grand Comics Database
<mask> at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
Julius <mask>.com
Biofile: <mask>
May The Schwartz Be With You by Philip Schweier

"Friends, Colleagues Remember <mask>" February 10, 2004 by Jonah Wieland Comic Book Resources. 1915 births
2004 deaths
American comics writers
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Comic book editors
DC Comics people
Golden Age comics creators
Inkpot Award winners
Jewish American artists
Jewish American writers
Literary agents
People from the Bronx
Science fiction editors
Silver Age comics creators
Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees

masks:
Julius "
" Schwartz
Julius
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Julie Schwartz
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Julius
Julius Schwartz
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Julius Schwartz


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<mask> (born 15 February 1958) is an English former football goalkeeper and coach. His career started in 1976 with West Bromwich Albion, where he spent seven seasons as a back-up keeper before moving on to Leicester City. After just a year with the "Foxes" he moved on to Ipswich Town. In 1986, he signed for Port Vale, where he became the first choice goalkeeper. He spent six years at Vale Park, making almost 200 the Football League appearances, twice winning the club's Player of the Year award and playing in the 1989 Third Division play-off victory. He transferred to Cardiff City in 1992, and won the Third Division title with the club in 1992–93, and also picked up two Welsh Cup winners medals. His final club was Hednesford Town, whom he signed for in 1994, and left in 1995.Over the years he also enjoyed short loan spells with Wigan Athletic, Oldham Athletic, Fulham, and Blackburn Rovers. He remained in the game after retirement as a player, spending eight years as a coach at Port Vale before his sacking in 2002. He quickly returned to his coaching position at the club though, and remains a key member of the backroom staff. He has had three separate spells as caretaker-manager at the club. Playing career

Early career
Grew grew up in Bilston, where he attended the goalkeeping academy ran by legendary Wolverhampton Wanderers goalkeeper Bert Williams after accepting that he "was probably too fat and lazy to play outfield". He turned professional at First Division club West Bromwich Albion in the 1976–77 season, having just starred in the 1976 FA Youth Cup final, which ended in a 5–0 aggregate victory over Wolverhampton Wanderers. During the 1978–79 campaigned he was loaned out to Fourth Division newcomers Wigan Athletic, where he played four league games in the absence of John Brown.He returned to The Hawthorns, and played 33 league games for the "Baggies" as he faced competition from Tony Godden, before he joined Leicester City, also of the First Division, for a £60,000 fee. He played five top-flight games for Gordon Milne's "Foxes" in the absence of <mask> during the 1983–84 season. He also played five Second Division games on loan at Oldham Athletic, before he moved to First Division club Ipswich Town on a £60,000 transfer in March 1984. He spent two seasons with the "Tractor Boys", but played just six league games. He also played four Second Division games on loan at Fulham in 1985, and returned to West Brom on loan in 1986 to play one game. Port Vale
In June 1986, he joined Third Division Port Vale; aged 28 years old, he was looking for first team football. His debut for the club came in a 2–2 draw against Middlesbrough at Victoria Park, who were at the time close to folding.After he sustained an injury in the game, he suffered from damaged knee ligaments for much of the 1986–87 season. However Alex Williams retired from back injury in September 1987. As <mask> took the #1 jersey he never looked back and played fifty games in 1987–88. <mask> was then voted the club's Player of the Year for his performances over his 49 games in 1988–89. He played both legs of Vale's play-off Final victory over Bristol Rovers, conceding just the one goal. He played 51 games in 1989–90, as Vale retained their Second Division status. However, he lost his place to Trevor Wood in August 1990.In October, he went on to enjoy a successful two-month loan spell with league rivals Blackburn Rovers, who had Terry Gennoe injured and Darren Collier out of form, playing thirteen league games. He won his first team spot back at Vale in February 1991, and played fourteen games for the "Valiants" in 1990–91. He became the club's Player of the Year once more in 1992 for his ever-presence in the 53 game 1991–92 season. However, he left on a free transfer for Cardiff City in May 1992. Later career
He was between the posts for Cardiff City when they beat Manchester City 1–0 in the FA Cup Fourth Round on 29 January 1994. He became an "instant hero" with the Cardiff supporters after saving a penalty from Keith Curle. He joined non-League side Hednesford Town in 1994 after leaving Cardiff and made one appearance during the 1994–95 season.Style of play
He was a shot-stopping goalkeeper, who mostly remained on his line and relied on his defenders to deal with crosses. Coaching career
<mask> was appointed the Port Vale youth coach in December 1994 and stayed with the club for the next eight years. He was appointed assistant manager under Brian Horton in 1999, until he was sacked in December 2002 by the club's administrators. In March 2003 he was appointed as assistant manager at Stafford Rangers, until he returned to Port Vale in a coaching capacity for the youth-team, after the club was taken over by Valiant 2001. Following a capitulation to Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 20 October 2007, <mask> gave a memorable post-match interview, saying that the team was "gutless... spineless... the worst bunch of players I have seen at Vale Park in 17 years". On 8 October 2008, Grew rejected the opportunity to become assistant to recently appointed Port Vale manager Dean Glover. In December 2010, he was made joint caretaker manager at Vale, along with Geoff Horsfield, following the departure of Micky Adams.Vale were hammered 5–0 by Rotherham United in his first game in charge, but rallied to beat Burton Albion 2–1, before Jim Gannon was appointed manager. During Adams' reign <mask> had doubled up as a first team coach, but when Gannon arrived at the club <mask> chose to focus solely on his role as youth team coach. Following Gannon's swift departure in March 2011, <mask> was elevated to the position of caretaker-manager for the third time in twelve years. Assisted by Horsfield, Marc Richards told the press that "it's absolutely brilliant that Grewy and Geoff are in charge again". After his first match back in charge ended in a 1–1 draw, <mask> stated that if offered the job first time he would "seriously consider it". Defeat to bottom club Stockport County all but ended the club's promotion campaign, as well as <mask>'s hopes of a permanent appointment. He slammed both his players and the directors, claiming that "I was never in the picture to become the next manager".Upon Adams' return as manager he reshuffled the club's coaching set-up, and in July 2011 <mask> was made assistant manager. In July 2014 his role changed to that of goalkeeping coach and scouting co-ordinator. He left the club in May 2015 as part of new manager's Rob Page's reshuffle of his backroom staff, and decided to take time out of football to undergo a back operation. He left the club following his testimonial game to honour his 25 years of service to the club. Personal life
<mask>'s daughter, Melissa (born 1992), is a model. Career statistics

Playing statistics
Source:

A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the League Cup, Football League Trophy, Football League play-offs and Full Members Cup.Managerial statistics

Honours

as a player
Individual
Port Vale F.C. Player of the Year: 1989 & 1992

West Bromwich Albion
FA Youth Cup winner: 1976

Port Vale
Football League Third Division play-off winner: 1989

Cardiff City
Football League Third Division winner: 1992–93
Welsh Cup winner: 1992, 1993
Welsh Cup runner-up: 1994

References

1958 births
Living people
People from Bilston
Association football goalkeepers
English footballers
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Derby County F.C.players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Hednesford Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players
English football managers
Port Vale F.C.managers
English Football League managers
Association football coaches
Association football goalkeeping coaches
Association football scouts
Port Vale F.C. non-playing staff

masks:
Mark Stuart Grew
Mark Wallington
Grew
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<mask> (31 October 191217 October 1978), born Hanns Chaim Mayer, was an Austrian-born essayist whose work was often informed by his experiences during World War II. His most celebrated work, At the Mind's Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and Its Realities (1966), suggests that torture was "the essence" of the Third Reich. Other notable works included On Aging (1968) and On Suicide: A Discourse on Voluntary Death (1976). He first adopted the pseudonym <mask> in 1955. <mask> took his own life in 1978. Formerly a philosophy and literature student in Vienna, <mask>'s participation in organized resistance against the Nazi occupation of Belgium resulted in his detainment and torture by the German Gestapo at Fort Breendonk, and several years of imprisonment in concentration camps. <mask> survived internments in Auschwitz and Buchenwald, and was finally liberated at Bergen-Belsen in 1945.After the war he settled in Belgium. Early life
<mask> was born as Hanns Chaim Mayer in Vienna, Austria, in 1912, to a Jewish father and a Catholic mother. His father was killed in action in World War I in 1916. <mask> was raised as a Roman Catholic by his mother. Eventually, <mask> and his mother returned to Vienna, where he enrolled in university to study literature and philosophy, but economic necessity kept him from regular pursuit of studies there. Religion
While <mask>'s family was "estranged from its Jewish origins, assimilated and intermarried", this alienation itself, in the context of Nazi occupation, informed much of his thought: "I wanted by all means to be an anti-Nazi, that most certainly, but of my own accord." The Nuremberg Laws of 1935, the text of which he soon came to know by heart, convinced Améry that Germany had essentially passed a sentence of death on all Jews.His The Necessity and Impossibility of Being a Jew speaks to this inner conflict as to his identity. He suggests that while his personal identity, the identity of his own childhood past, is distinctly Christian, he feels himself nonetheless a Jew in another sense, the sense of a Jewishness "without God, without history, without messianic-national hope". During Nazi rule

In 1938, when the Nazis were welcomed into Austria and the country joined with Germany into a "Greater Reich", <mask> fled to France, and then to Belgium with his Jewish wife, Regina, whom he had chosen in opposition to his mother's wishes. His wife later died of heart disease while hiding in Brussels. Ironically, he was initially deported back to France by the Belgians as a German alien and wound up interned in the south. After escaping from the camp at Gurs, he returned to Belgium where he joined the Resistance movement. Involved in the distribution of anti-military propaganda to the German occupying forces, <mask> was captured by the Nazis in July 1943 and routinely tortured at the Belgian Gestapo center at Fort Breendonk.When it was established that there was no information to be extracted from him, he was "demoted" from political prisoner to Jew, and shipped to Auschwitz. Lacking any trade skills, he was assigned to the harshest physical labors, building the I.G. Farben factory at Auschwitz III, the Buna-Monowitz labor camp. In the face of the Soviet invasion in the following year, he was evacuated first to Buchenwald and then to Bergen-Belsen, where he was liberated by the British army in April 1945. After the war

After the war, the former Hanns Mayer changed his name to <mask> (the surname being a French-sounding anagram of his family name) in order to symbolize his dissociation from German culture and his alliance with French culture. He lived in Brussels, working as a culture journalist for German language newspapers in Switzerland. He refused to publish in Germany or Austria for many years, publishing only in Switzerland.He did not write at all of his experiences in the death camps until 1964, when, at the urging of German poet Helmut Heißenbüttel, he wrote his book Jenseits von Schuld und Sühne ("Beyond Guilt and Atonement"). It was later translated into English by Sidney and Stella P. Rosenfeld as At the Mind's Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and its Realities. He later married Marie Eschenauer, whom he was still married to at the time of his death. In 1976 <mask> published the book On Suicide: A Discourse on Voluntary Death. He committed suicide via an overdose of sleeping pills in 1978. Literary and philosophical legacy

The publication of At the Mind's Limits, Améry's exploration of the Holocaust and the nature of the Third Reich, made him one of the most highly regarded of Holocaust writers. In comparing the Nazis to a government of sadism, Améry suggests that it is the sadist's nature to want "to nullify the world".For a Nazi torturer,

[a] slight pressure by the tool-wielding hand is enough to turn the other – along with his head, in which are perhaps stored Kant and Hegel, and all nine symphonies, and The World as Will and Representation – into a shrill squealing piglet at slaughter. <mask>'s efforts to preserve the memory of the Holocaust focused on the terror and horror of the events in a phenomenological and philosophical way, with what he characterized as "a scant inclination to be conciliatory". His explorations of his experiences and the meaning and legacy of Nazi-era suffering were aimed not at resolving the events finally into "the cold storage of history", but rather keeping the subject alive so that it would not be lost to posterity, as an abstraction or mere text. As he wrote in his 1976 preface to Beyond Guilt and Atonement:

I do not have [clarity] today, and I hope that I never will. Clarification would amount to disposal, settlement of the case, which can then be placed in the files of history. My book is meant to prevent precisely this. For nothing is resolved, nothing is settled, no remembering has become mere memory.With the prize money that the Viennese writer Robert Menasse received for the Austrian State Prize (1999) he re-founded the “<mask>ry–Preis für Europäische Essayistik”, whose winners were Lothar Baier, Barbara Sichtermann (1985), Mathias Greffrath (1988), Reinhard Merkel (1991), Franz Schuh (2000), Doron Rabinovici (2002), Michael Jeismann (2004), Journalist, Drago Jančar (2007), Imre Kertész (2009), Dubravka Ugrešić (2012), Adam Zagajewski  (2016) and Karl-Markus Gauß (2018). <mask> was known for his opposition to antisemitism in postwar Germany and support for the state of Israel, which he said was "more important than any other" country to him. In 1969,  he wrote an article in Die Zeit in which he stated: "Anti-Zionism contains antisemitism like a cloud contains a storm". Works

In German
 Karrieren und Köpfe: Bildnisse berühmter Zeitgenossen. Zurich: Thomas, 1955. Teenager-Stars: Idole unserer Zeit. Vienna: Albert Müller, 1960.Im Banne des Jazz: Bildnisse großer Jazz-Musiker. Vienna: Albert Müller, 1961. Geburt der Gegenwart: Gestalten und Gestaltungen der westlichen Zivilisation seit Kriegsende. Olten: Walter, 1961. Gerhart Hauptmann: Der ewige Deutsche. Stieglitz: Handle, 1963. Jenseits von Schuld und Sühne: Bewältigungsversuche eines Überwältigten.Munich: Szczesny, 1966. Über das Altern: Revolte undd Resignation. Stuttgart: Klett, 1968. Unmeisterliche Wanderjahre. Stuttgart: Klett, 1971. Lefeu oder der Abbruch. Stuttgart: Klett, 1974.Hand an sich Legen. Diskurs über den Freitod. Stuttgart: Klett, 1976. Charles Bovary, Landarzt. Stuttgart: Klett, 1978. Bücher aus der Jugend unseres Jahrhunderts. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1981.Der integrale Humanismus: Zwischen Philosophie und Literatur. Aufsätze und Kritiken eines Lesers, 1966–1978. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1985. <mask>, der Grenzgänger: Gespräch mit Ingo Hermann in der Reihe "Zeugen des Jahrhunderts." Ed. Jürgen Voigt. Göttingen: Lamuv, 1992.Cinema: Arbeiten zum Film. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1994. <mask>: Werke. 9 vols. Edited by Irène Heidelberger-Leonard. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 2002–2008. The collected works in German.Translations into French
 Charles Bovary, médecin de campagne: portrait d'un homme simple. Roman/essai traduit de l'allemand par Françoise Wuilmart. Actes Sud : Arles, 1991. Par-delà le crime et le châtiment : essai pour surmonter l'insurmontable. traduit de l'allemand par Francoise Wuilmart. Actes Sud : Arles, 1995. Du vieillissement.Payot : Paris,  1991 [1968] ; rééd. Petite Bibliothèque Payot 2009
 Le feu ou la démolition. Actes Sud : Arles, 1996 [1974]
 Porter la main sur soi – Du suicide. Actes Sud : Arles, 1999 [1976]
 Les Naufragés. Actes Sud: Arles, 2010 [1935]

Translations into English
 Preface to the Future: Culture in a Consumer Society. Trans. Palmer Hilty.London: Constable, 1964. At the Mind's Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor of Auschwitz and Its Realities. Trans. Sidney and Stella P. Rosenfeld. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980. Radical Humanism: Selected Essays. Trans.Sidney and Stella P. Rosenfeld. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984. On Aging: Revolt and Resignation. Trans. John D. Barlow. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. On Suicide: A Discourse on Voluntary Death.Trans. John D. Barlow. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. Charles Bovary, Country Doctor: Portrait of a Simple Man. Trans. Adrian Nathan West. New York: New York Review Books, 2018.Notes

Further reading
 Christopher Bigsby, Remembering and Imagining the Holocaust: The Chain of Memory (Cambridge University Press, 2006), Ch. 7. Irène Heidelberger-Leonard, The Philosopher of Auschwitz: <mask> and Living with the Holocaust. Translated by Anthea Bell. London: I. B. Tauris, 2010. Guia Risari, "La paradossale condizione di un non-non ebreo", "Qol", n. 64, lug.-sett.1996
 Guia Risari, "<mask>, la morale del risentimento - La Shoah e gli storici", "Golem L'Indispensabile", n. 12, dic.2003
 Guia Risari, "Il risentimento come principio creativo","Materiali di Estetica", n. 8, gen. 2003
 Guia Risari,"<mask>ry. Il risentimento come morale", Franco Angeli, Milano, 2002 [monography]; <mask> : il risentimento come morale, Roma, Castelvecchi, 2016, . W. G. Sebald, "Against the Irreversible" in On the Natural History of Destruction, Penguin, 2003, pp. 147–72. External links

 <mask> biography
 An essay on <mask>ry
 Essay on <mask>'s suicide

1912 births
1978 suicides
Writers from Vienna
Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss
Austrian male writers
Drug-related suicides in Austria
Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery
Holocaust historiography
Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp survivors
Breendonk prison camp survivors
Jewish philosophers
Jewish writers
Belgian resistance members
Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust
Belgian people of Austrian descent
20th-century Austrian philosophers
Gurs internment camp survivors
1978 deaths
Austrian torture victims

masks:
Jean Améry
Jean Améry
Améry
Améry
Améry
Jean Améry
Améry
Améry
Améry
Améry
Améry
Jean Améry
Améry
Améry
Jean Amé
Améry
Jean Améry
Jean Améry
Jean Améry
Jean Améry
Jean Amé
Jean Améry
Jean Amery
Jean Amé
Jean Améry


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<mask> (October 12, 1956 – December 28, 2012) was a Mexican luchador (or professional wrestler), who is best known under the ring name <mask>. Over the years, <mask> worked for all of the major Mexican professional wrestling promotions, including Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Asistencia Asesoría y Administración and International Wrestling Revolution Group . He is also one of the founding members of the wrestling group called Los Destructores ("the Destroyers"), along with Vulcano and Tony Arce. He was also a key member of the group Los Guapos ("the Handsome Ones"), as well as a group called Los Talibanes (the Taliban), both with longtime wrestling partners and friends Scorpio Jr. and Bestia Salvaje. Personal life
<mask> was born on October 12, 1956, in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. His father was a professional wrestler in the 1940s and 1950, and was known under the ring name <mask>. Professional wrestling career
While his father was a professional wrestler, <mask>. was not trained by him; instead, he was trained by Diablo Velasco and Abuelo Carrillo before making his debut in February 1980. Los Destructores (1987–1990)
In the mid-1980s, he joined up with the real life-brother tag team of Tony Arce and Vulcano, to form a trio known as  Los Destructores ("the Destroyers").The group was created in the same vein as Los Infernales, a trio of rudos (bad guys) who worked well together and could produce top-quality matches with a variety of opponents. On January 31, 1988, Los Destructores defeated Hombre Bala, Jerry Estrada, and Pirata Morgan to win the Mexican National Trios Championship. Los Destructores held the titles for almost two years and had a series of championship defenses that drew packed houses all over Mexico. While teaming with Arce and Vulcano, <mask> also worked as a singles wrestler, including a long drawn-out storyline with Atlantis. The storyline saw <mask> win the NWA World Middleweight Championship from Atlantis on July 17, 1988, only to lose it back to him eleven days later. <mask> became a two time NWA Middleweight champion on August 12, 1988, when he defeated Atlantis for the title once more. His run as a double champion ended on April 28, 1989, when Ángel Azteca won the Middleweight title.On November 20, 1989, Los Destructores lost the trios title to Black Terry, Jose Luis Feliciano, and Shu El Guerrero. Not long after the title loss, <mask> left Los Destructores, who decided to replace him with Rocco Valente instead. On August 30, 1990, <mask> defeated Javier Cruz to win the Mexican National Middleweight Championship, holding it until November 20, when he lost the belt to Octagón. <mask> remained active in the Middleweight division for over three years, defeating El Dandy to win the CMLL World Middleweight Championship on December 16, 1992. He held the championship for almost ten months before Dandy regained the title on October 5, 1993. Los Chacales (1995–1996)
In early 1995, <mask> formed a trio with Bestia Salvaje and Sangre Chicana, referred to as Los Chacales (Spanish for "The Jackals"). The trio was one of eight teams competing in the Salvador Lutteroth Trios Tournament in March 1994.Los Chacales defeated La Ola Blanca (Dr. Wagner Jr., Gran Markus Jr., and El Hijo del Gladiador) in the opening round, Dos Caras, El Dandy, and Héctor Garza in semifinals, and finally Los Brazos (Brazo de Oro, Brazo de Plata, and El Brazo) in the finals of the one-night tournament. The following week, Los Chacales defeated La Ola Blanca to win the CMLL World Trios Championship, becoming the sixth overall championship team. Los Chacales' reign as CMLL World Trios Champions lasted 357 days, before they lost it to Dos Caras, La Fiera, and Héctor Garza at the first Homenaje a Salvador Lutteroth show on March 22, 1996. On September 1, <mask> and Apolo Dantés won CMLL's Second Generation Tag Team Tournament. While most participants were second-generation wrestlers like <mask>, the tournament also included some fictional family relationships, like Hijo del Gladiador. In 1997, the makeshift team of <mask>, El Satánico, and Rey Bucanero defeated Apolo Dantés, Black Warrior, and Dr. Wagner Jr. in the finals of a one-night eight-team tournament to win the CMLL World Trios Title. The team only held onto the championship for a month before losing to La Ola Azul ("The Blue Wave"; Atlantis, Lizmark, and Mr. Niebla) on April 29, 1997.A few months later, <mask> and Wagner defeated Atlantis and Brazo de Plata in the final of an eight-team tournament to win the vacant CMLL World Tag Team Championship. While not being a regular team, the two managed to defend the title for five months before losing it to Mr. Niebla and Shocker on January 23, 1998. Los Guapos (1999–2002)
After Shocker lost his mask at the CMLL 66th Anniversary Show, he stated he was okay with being unmasked since his face was "1000% Guapo" ("1000% Handsome"). He  developed a narcissistic, self-obsessed rudo character, who exhibited various metrosexual traits and treated those who were not as handsome as him with scorn. In the following months, Shocker would often team up with Bestia Salvaje and Scorpio Jr. Following a series of vignettes, Shocker convinced both of his partners to have their hair bleached blond and that they were also Guapo like him forming a group known as Los Guapos. Scorpio Jr., and Bestia Negra were both older, seasoned veteran wrestlers and neither were actually considered attractive, in fact.Scorpio, Jr.'s nickname up until this point had been El Rey Feo ("The Ugly King"). In 2000, Shocker was invited to work for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) on several occasions and due to his NJPW tours of Japan Scorpio Jr. and Bestia Negra often found themselves without a partner for Trios matches. Their solution was to bring in <mask> Jr. to become the fourth Guapo team member, <mask>. like his partners used the Guapo name more ironically than factual. After returning from NJPW Shocker objected to someone joining "his" group without his approval, but at first agreed to it. Over the following months, Shocker's displeasure with the rest of the team grew, and eventually, he split from the team, turning tecnico in the process. Shocker began a long-running storyline feud with Los Guapos. The storyline built to its peak at the 2001 Sin Piedad show on December 14.In the main event, Shocker defeated <mask> Jr. in a Lucha de Apuestas match, forcing <mask> to have all his hair shaved off as a result of his loss. As a result of the victory, Shocker regained the rights to the "Los Guapos" name. Los Talibanes (2002–2004)
While Shocker reformed Los Guapos, initially with Máscara Mágica and later El Terrible, Bestia Salvaje, Scorpio Jr., and <mask> Jr. became known as Los Talibanes (The Taleban). As part of their image change, all three wrestlers began wearing Bedouin robes and headdresses to the ring, pretending to be part of the terrorist group. The feud with Shocker and his group continued over the next two years, including several multi-man Lucha de Apuestas matches. On August 1, 2003, El Terrible defeated Bestia Salvaje in a domo de la muerte steel cage match that also included the other members of Los Talibanes and Los Guapos. The feud culminated in another six-way Lucha de Apuestas match on September 24, 2004, ending with Shocker pinning Bestia Salvaje, forcing him to have his hair shaved off afterward.Final years (2005–2011)
<mask>' schedule slowed down from 2005 to 2007, with him only working two notable storylines in that time period. The first one saw <mask> shaved bald as a result of losing a Lucha de Apuesta, to Máximo on October 29, 2006. In the last notable feud <mask> worked, he wrestled newcomer Máscara Purpura in a series of matches, culminating in a Lucha de Apuesta bout on September 16, 2007, that <mask> lost and was shaved bald as a result. After leaving CMLL in 2007, <mask> worked a limited number of matches for International Wrestling Revolution Group in 2009 and two matches on the independent circuit in 2011. His last recorded match taking place on December 3, 2011, as he, Fuerza Guerrera and Juventud Guerrera lost to Los Payasos (Coco Amarillo, Coco Azul, and Coco Rojo) by disqualification. Death
<mask> died in 2012 of kidney failure. Championships and accomplishments
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL)
CMLL World Middleweight Championship (2 times)
CMLL World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Dr. Wagner Jr.
CMLL World Trios Championship (2 times) – with Sangre Chicana and Bestia Salvaje (Los Chacales), El Satánico and Rey Bucanero
Mexican National Middleweight Championship (1 time)
Mexican National Trios Championship (1 time) – with Vulcano and Tony Arce (Los Destructores)
NWA World Middleweight Championship (2 times)
Distrito Federal Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Second Generation Tag Team Tournament (1995) – with Apolo Dantés
Salvador Lutteroth Trios Tournament – with Bestia Salvaje and Sangre Chicana

Luchas de Apuestas record

Footnotes

References

1956 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from kidney failure
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Nuevo León
Sportspeople from Monterrey

masks:
Sergio Emilio Charles Garduño
Emilio Charles Jr
Charles
Sergio Emilio Charles Garduño
Emilio Charles
Emilio Charles Jr
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Emilio Charles
Charles Jr
Emilio Charles
Charles
Emilio Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles


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<mask><mask> (born February 23, 1972) is an American infosec expert and entrepreneur, originally from New York City. Better known by his pseudonym Phiber Optik, he was once a member of the hacker groups Legion of Doom and Masters of Deception. Phiber Optik was a high-profile hacker in the 1980s and early 1990s, appearing in The New York Times, Harper's, Esquire, in debates and on television. He is an important figure in the 1995 non-fiction book, Masters of Deception — The Gang that Ruled Cyberspace (). Early life

<mask>'s first contact with computers was at around 9 years of age at a local department store, where he would often pass the time while his parents shopped. His first computer was a TRS-80 MC-10 with 4 kilobytes of RAM, a 32-column screen, no lower case, and a cassette tape recorder to load and save programs. As was customary at the time, the computer connected to a television set for use as a monitor.After receiving the gifts of a RAM upgrade (to 20K) and a 300 baud modem from his parents, he used his computer to access CompuServe and shortly after discovered the world of dialup BBSes via people he met on CompuServe's "CB simulator", the first nationwide online chat. On some of these BBSes, Abene discovered dialups and guest accounts to DEC minicomputers running the RSTS/E and TOPS-10 operating systems as part of the BOCES educational program in Long Island, New York. Accessing those DEC minicomputers he realized there was a programming environment that was much more powerful than that of his own home computer, and so he began taking books out of the library in order to learn the programming languages that were now available to him. This and the ability to remotely save and load back programs that would still be there the next time he logged in had a profound effect on Abene, who came to view his rather simple computer as a window into a much larger world. Having learned about programming and fundamental security concepts during those early years, Abene further honed his skill in understanding the intricacies of the nationwide telephone network. In the mid-1980s he was first introduced to members of the Legion of Doom (LOD), a loosely knit group of highly respected teenage hackers who shared Abene's uncompromising desire to understand technology. Their main focus was to explore telecommunications systems, minicomputer and mainframe operating systems and large-scale packet data networks.The eventual decline of the LOD toward the late 1980s largely due to fragmentation and dissension within the group, coupled with the legal prosecution of a handful of its members, caused <mask> to increasingly align himself with a local group of up-and-coming hackers, who came to be known as the Masters of Deception (MOD). Legal tribulations
On January 24, 1990, <mask> and other MOD members had their homes searched and property seized by the U.S. Secret Service largely based on government suspicions of having caused AT&T Corporation's network crash just over a week earlier on January 15 (Abene was personally accused by the Secret Service of having done as much, during the search and seizure). Some weeks later, AT&T themselves admitted that the crash was the result of a flawed software update to the switching systems on their long-distance network, thus, human error on their part. In February 1991, Abene was arrested and charged with computer tampering and computer trespass in the first degree, New York state offenses. Laws at the time were considered a “gray area” concerning information security. Abene, who was a minor at the time, pleaded "not guilty" to the first two offenses and ultimately accepted a plea agreement to a lesser misdemeanor charge, and was sentenced to 35 hours of community service. <mask> and four other members of the Masters of Deception were also arrested in December 1991 and indicted by a Manhattan federal grand jury on July 8, 1992, on an 11-count charge.The indictment relied heavily on evidence collected by court-approved wire tapping of telephone conversations between MOD members. According to U.S. Attorney Otto Obermaier, it was the "first investigative use of court-authorized wiretaps to obtain conversations and data transmissions of computer hackers" in the United States. According to a July 9, 1992 newsletter from the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the defendants faced a maximum term of 50 years in prison and fines of $2.5 million if found guilty on all counts. Despite the fact that Abene was a minor at the time the crimes were allegedly committed, was only involved in a small fraction of the sub-charges, and often in a passive way, a plea arrangement resulted in by far the harshest sentence: 12 months imprisonment, three years probation and 600 hours of community service. After serving the one-year sentence at the Federal Prison "Camp" in Schuylkill, Pennsylvania, Abene was released in November 1994. In January 1995, a huge celebration called "Phiberphest '95" was held in his honor at Manhattan's Irving Plaza ballroom/nightclub. In Time, Joshua Quittner called him "the first underground hero of the Information Age, the Robin Hood of cyberspace."Upon leaving jail, Phiber Optik made the @Cafe his hang out spot. Social protests
Many people inside and outside of the hacker world felt that Abene was made an example of, and was not judged according to earlier court standards. Abene had built up a significant reputation in the hacker sub-culture, for example regularly appearing on the radio show Off the Hook, hosted by Eric Corley (a.k.a. Emmanuel Goldstein), debating and defending the morals and motivations of hackers in public forums and in interviews, and lecturing on the history of telecommunications technology at the night courses of several New York City universities. At the time of the indictment he was working at MindVox, an early BBS/ISP founded by two New York LOD members, and subsequently on EchoNYC, a multi-user BBS and early ISP. ECHO users, ECHO management themselves and hackers around the nation expected Abene to get off with probation or at most a few months of jail time. Co-defendants and previous offenders charged with "hacking" offenses had received rather lenient punishments, and given his new-found enthusiasm for using his knowledge to constructive ends, the general feeling was optimistic prior to sentencing.A statement made by U.S. Attorney Otto Obermeier in conjunction with the indication, "The message that ought to be delivered with this indictment is that such conduct will not be tolerated, irrespective of the age of the particular accused or their ostensible purpose," was interpreted by Abene's supporters to mean that MOD was made an example of, to show that the authorities could handle the perceived "hacker threat". During sentencing, Judge Stanton said that "the defendant stands as a symbol here today," and that "hacking crimes constitute a real threat to the expanding information highway", reinforcing the view that a relatively harmless "teacher" was judged as a symbol for all hackers. Professional life
<mask> has spoken on the subject of security in many publications such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and Time. He has appeared as a speaker at both hacker and security industry conferences worldwide and frequently visits universities to speak to students about information security. After some years as a security consultant, he joined forces with former Legion of Doom member Dave Buchwald and a third colleague, Andrew Brown, to create the security consulting firm Crossbar Security. Crossbar provided consulting services for third party companies, during which the principals conducted business in the U.S., Japan, Brazil, and Sweden. As a result of the "dot com" bust Crossbar ultimately went defunct in 2001, largely due to cuts in corporate security spending.<mask> made his acting début as "The Inside Man" in the fiction film Urchin, completed in 2006 and released in the US in February 2007, in which other hacker notables such as Dave Buchwald and Emmanuel Goldstein can also be seen. In 2009, he founded TraceVector, an intrusion detection firm that makes use of supercomputing and data analytics. He currently resides in Silicon Valley. References

Bibliography
 The Rise and Fall of Information Security in the Western World. Speech by <mask>, Hack in the Box security conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2007. CNET Q&A: <mask>, from 'Phiber Optik' to security guru. New York Software Industry Association.Goldstein, Emmanuel (2001). Freedom Downtime, opening sequence. Savage, Annaliza (September 1995). Notes from the underground — Phiber Optik goes directly to jail. .net Issue 10. Quittner, Joshua (January 23, 1995). Hacker Homecoming.TIME. Dibbell, Julian (January 12, 1994). Prisoner: Phiber Optik Goes Directly to Jail. The Village Voice
 Sterling, Bruce (January 1994). The Hacker Crackdown — Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier. . From Project Gutenberg. Goldstein, Emmanuel (November 10, 1993). Interview with Phiber Optik.Off the Hook radio show. (Online archive)
 Electronic Frontier Foundation (July 9, 1992). Federal hacking indictments issued against five in New York City. Retrieved September 4, 2004
 Newsbytes (July 9, 1992). New York Computer Crime Indictments. Retrieved September 11, 2004. Grand jury, United States District Court Southern District of New York (1992).Indictment of Julio Fernandez, John Lee, <mask>, Elias Ladopoulos, Paul Stira. (Copy from Computer underground Digest, 4:31). All Circuits are Busy Now: The 1990 AT&T Long Distance Network Collapse. External links
 The History of MOD
 modbook1.txt — "The History of MOD: Book One: The Originals"
 modbook2.txt — "The History of MOD: Book Two: Creative Mindz"
 modbook3.txt — "The Book of MOD: Part Three: A Kick in the Groin"
 modbook4.txt — "The Book of MOD: Part Four: End of '90-'1991"
 modbook5.txt — "The Book of MOD: Part 5: Who are They And Where Did They Come From? (Summer 1991)"
 Phiber Optik Goes to Prison — Article in Wired Magazine by Julian Dibbell
 Off the Hook shows (available as MP3 files)
 1991-03-13, "Phiber Optik's" first appearance on the show. .
 1993-11-03, announcement of <mask>'s sentence. No recording exists. .
 1993-11-10, the first show following the sentencing, Phiber Optik in the studio. .
 1994-01-05, last show before Phiber Optik's going to prison. .

1972 births
Computer security specialists
Legion of Doom (hacker group)
Living people
Masters of Deception
Businesspeople from New York City
Phreaking

masks:
Mark T
. Abene
Abene
Abene
Abene
Abene
Abene
Abene
Mark Abene
Mark Abene
Mark Abene
Mark Abene


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<mask>.  (born  January 5, 1987) is an American professional wrestler better known by his ring name <mask>. He is currently signed to Impact Wrestling, where he is a former Impact X Division Champion. <mask> spent the first years of his career working in the independent circuit, usually in California-based promotions like Pro Wrestling Guerrilla and Championship Wrestling from Hollywood. He had his first national exposure in 2015, when he signed with the El Rey Network show Lucha Underground, a pro wrestling series created by Mexican promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide. He worked until 2018 as <mask> and won the Lucha Underground Trios Championship two times. After Lucha Underground ended, he worked in the National Wrestling Alliance, where he is a former NWA National Heavyweight Champion, but he left the promotion after signing a contract with AAA partner Impact Wrestling. Professional wrestling career

Independent circuit (2006–present)
<mask> began his wrestling training while still in high school, but put it on hold until he graduated.He then attended Martin Marin's WPW Training School in Anaheim, California and wrestled at their weekly events at the Anaheim Marketplace. Knowing that he needed further training, <mask> moved on to Bart Kapitzke's AWS School in Industry, California and began wrestling for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) sanctioned Alternative Wrestling Show. At AWS, he was noticed by NWA producers and was invited to appear at tapings of NWA Wrestling Showcase, where he had the opportunity to face such wrestlers as Adam Pearce, Brent Albright, Joey Ryan, Chris Escobar and more. <mask> also wrestled at the tapings as part of a tag team with his best friend and fellow WPW graduate Jerome Robinson. <mask> began wrestling for another NWA sanctioned group, Mach One Wrestling, who run weekly events at the American Sports Center across the street from where WPW had run previously. <mask> Sky in a number one contenders match for the M1W Championship, <mask> entered himself into a three-way elimination match later that same evening, making it a four-way.After Joey Ryan and James Morgan were eliminated, <mask> defeated reigning champion, Bobby Marshall to claim the title. On March 5, 2011, <mask> lost the M1W Championship to Morgan in a four-way match that also involved Nick Madrid and Andrew Hellman. On November 2, 2013, <mask> participated in a tournament to crown the first MexPro Wrestling United States Champion. He defeated Jacob Diez and SoCal Crazy in the semi-finals, but he lost to CJ Kruz in the finale. On November 3, 2013, <mask> was defeated by Samoa Joe at Championship Wrestling from Hollywood's Open Door, in a Dream match. On November 14, 2013, <mask> was defeated by the CWFH Santino Bros. Wrestling Champion Robby Phoenix. On June 15, 2014 <mask> won the Championship Wrestling from Hollywood Red Carpet Rumble in a match which included Matt Striker, X-Pac, Jake "The Snake" Roberts and Joey Ryan.Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (2010–2014)
<mask> debuted for the Southern California company Pro Wrestling Guerrilla on December 11, 2010, winning his first match. It has been acknowledged on DVD commentary that he attended PWG shows as a fan before training to be a wrestler. On March 4, 2011, <mask> participated in the 2011 Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament, pairing with Brandon Gatson in a loss against The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick Jackson), the eventual winners, in the Opening Round. On May 27, <mask> gained a substantial win by upsetting Kevin Steen. He then began a streak of wrestling top names on the independent scene, defeating Chris Hero in the first round of the 2011 Battle of Los Angeles before losing to El Generico, the eventual winner, in the Semifinal Round. On December 10, <mask> beat Chris Hero for a second time in what ended up being Hero's PWG exit match. He continued his streak by beating Naruki Doi on January 29 and Roderick Strong on March 17, 2012.<mask> took part in the 2012 Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament, teaming with El Generico as 2 Husky Black Guys. The duo beat Roderick Strong and the debuting Sami Callihan in the Opening and the RockNES Monsters (Johnny Goodtime and Johnny Yuma) in the Semifinal Rounds, before succumbing to the Super Smash Bros. (Player Uno and Stupefied) in the Final. On May 25, <mask> faced and beat debutant Michael Elgin. On July 21 at Threemendous III, PWG's nine-year anniversary event, <mask> received a shot at the PWG World Championship, but was defeated by defending champion Kevin Steen. The match saw an interference by Brian Cage, which launched a feud between Cage and <mask>. The 2012 Battle of Los Angeles, taking place in September, saw <mask> lose against Sami Callihan on Night One. The following month at Failure to Communicate, <mask> lost in his first encounter against Brian Cage.At Mystery Vortex on December 1, he faced Cage once more, this time in a match also involving B-Boy and TJ Perkins, with <mask> emerging victorious. <mask> wrestled his PWG farewell match on August 31, 2014. WWE signing (2014)
In September 2014, it was reported that McClinton had passed WWE's medical tests and would be reporting to WWE's developmental territory, NXT, in Orlando, Florida. He had been signed to the promotion for a few months at this point. However, only a month later on October 13, 2014, McClinton stated that he had been released from WWE before he had even arrived in Orlando. A few years later, McClinton said WWE fired him because a medical test found something wrong with his blood pressure and his knee; however, he suspects he was fired because WWE signed another African American wrestler at the same time that had a better body than him. Lucha Underground (2015–2018)

In February 2015, it was announced <mask> worked at Lucha Underground's TV Tapings.He wrestled under the ringname <mask>, Big Ryck's cousin. On February 8, 2015, along with Killshot and Big Ryck participated in a tournament for the LU Trios Championship, but they were defeated in the semi-finals by the eventual winners Angélico, Son of Havoc and Ivelisse. <mask> was then put into a feud with Cage, who attacked <mask> backstage in order to be a part of a trios team with Big Ryck and Davari. Their feud culminated in a falls count anywhere match that saw <mask> lose to Cage. On the first set of tapings for season 2 of Lucha Underground <mask> defeated the debuting PJ Black using the stunner. <mask> was unsuccessful at winning the Lucha Underground Championship against Johnny Mundo in a Falls Count Anywhere match. <mask> would team with Dante Fox and Killshot as they defeated Snake Tribe (Drago, Pindar and Vibora) to win the Lucha Underground Trios Championship.During the season 4, Fox was replaced by Son of Havoc as champion, starting a feud with Killshot. The trio would lose the title against The Reptile Tribe. The serie was discontinued after season finale, Ultima Lucha Cuatro. Impact Wrestling

Teaming with Rich Swann (2018–2020)
<mask> debuted for Impact Wrestling on the October 11 episode of Impact!, where Rich Swann announced that <mask> would be his tag team partner for his match at Bound for Glory, where the new duo would face Matt Sydal and Ethan Page. The team went on to emerge victorious at Bound for Glory. Shortly thereafter <mask> began appearing regularly on Impact programming and frequently teamed with Swann. On the December 6 episode of Impact!, <mask> lost an Ultimate X qualifying match against Jake Crist after a distraction by Crist's oVe leader Sami Callihan, which resulted in <mask> beginning a feud with oVe.<mask> lost a match to Callihan at Homecoming but defeated Callihan in a rematch on the January 11, 2019 episode of Impact!. <mask> would frequently team with Swann as well as Tommy Dreamer and Fallah Bahh against oVe throughout the first quarter of 2019. He also picked up a major win against Ethan Page at Uncaged. In May, <mask> entered a brief feud with the newcomer Michael Elgin, which led to him losing to Elgin at Code Red and the June 14 episode of Impact!. <mask> continued to feud with oVe as he teamed with Swann and Tessa Blanchard to defeat oVe members Dave Crist, Jake Crist and Madman Fulton in a six-person tag team match at Bash at the Brewery. At Slammiversary XVII, <mask> defeated Jake Crist, TJP and Trey in a four-way match. <mask> then entered the Mashup Tournament to determine the #1 contender for the Impact World Championship on the July 19 episode of Impact!, where he was randomly paired with Michael Elgin and they defeated the team of Ace Austin and Stone Rockwell to qualify for the four-way elimination match in the tournament final where they were eliminated by the eventual winners Sami Callihan and Tessa Blanchard after Elgin turned on <mask>.Swann and <mask> would then begin pursuing the World Tag Team Championship and entered a lengthy rivalry against the champions The North for the titles. They first challenged North for the titles in a three-way match, also involving Reno Scum at Unbreakable, but failed to win the titles. Swann and <mask> received another title shot against North in a three-way match, also involving Rhino and Rob Van Dam in a three-way match at Bound for Glory but lost again. Swann and <mask> would then unsuccessfully challenge North for the titles at Turning Point. They received another title shot against North at Hard to Kill but Swann suffered an ankle injury which rendered him unable to compete and <mask> challenged North for the titles in a handicap match which he lost. X Division Champion and various feuds (2020–present)
On the February 11, 2020 episode of Impact!, <mask> and Johnny Swinger lost a match to Desi Hit Squad members Mahabali Shera and Rohit Raju, which led to a post-match confrontation between the two and <mask> briefly feuded with Swinger, which led to <mask> defeating Swinger in subsequent matches. On the March 24 episode of Impact!, <mask> won an eight-way match to become the #1 contender for the X Division Championship.He received his title shot against Ace Austin at Rebellion. <mask> defeated Austin to win the X Division Championship, his first title in Impact Wrestling. In his first title defense, <mask> successfully defended the title against Austin and Chris Bey in a three-way match on the May 5 episode of Impact Wrestling. <mask> then retained the title against Johnny Swinger on the May 19 episode of Impact!. On July 7, 2020 <mask> retained the title against Swinger-Cide (Johnny Swinger dressed as Suicide). On July 18, at Slammiversary, <mask> lost the championship to Chris Bey. He then began a feud against Brian Myers.At Emergence Night Two, he was defeated by Myers and sucessivly lost the feud. At Victory Road <mask> defeated by countout the X-Division Champion Rohit Raju in a match for the title. National Wrestling Alliance (2018–2019)
<mask> begun to wrestle for the official reborn National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) promotion under Billy Corgan. He had returned to wrestling for Championship Wrestling From Hollywood, which the NWA has had a working relationship with since February 2018. <mask> was named as the first challenger for the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion Cody Rhodes. Their match took place at the Ring of Honor (ROH) Death Before Dishonor XVI event on September 28, 2018, where he was defeated by Cody. At the NWA 70th Anniversary Show on October 21, 2018, <mask> defeated Sam Shaw to win the vacant NWA National Heavyweight Championship.Both <mask> and Shaw had won separate four-way elimination matches earlier in the card to qualify for the chance to win this title. At the 2019 Crockett Cup, <mask> lost the title to Colt Cabana. Personal life

<mask> has been in a relationship with his current girlfriend since 2013. They both reside in Las Vegas, NV. Championships and accomplishments

 Alternative Wrestling Show
AWS Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Championship Wrestling from Hollywood
CWFH Heritage Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
CWFH International Television Championship (1 time)
Red Carpet Rumble (2014)
The Crash Lucha Libre
The Crash Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Copa The Crash (2016)
Elite Xtreme Wrestling
EXW Elite Division Championship (1 time)
 House of Hardcore
 HOH Twitch Television Championship (1 time, current)
 HOH Twitch TV Title Tournament (2018)
Impact Wrestling
Impact X Division Championship (1 time)
Impact Year End Awards (1 time)
One to Watch in 2020	(2019)
Insane Wrestling League
IWL Anarchy Championship (1 time)
IWL Anarchy Championship Tournament (2009)
Lucha Underground
Lucha Underground Trios Championship (2 times) – with Dante Fox and Killshot (1) and Killshot and Son of Havoc (1)
Battle of the Bulls Tournament
Mach One Wrestling
M1W Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA National Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 68 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2020
Rival Pro Wrestling
RPW Undisputed Championship (1 time)
SoCal Uncensored
Southern California Wrestler of the Year (2010)
World Power Wrestling
WPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Footnotes

External links

<mask> on Facebook

1987 births
American male professional wrestlers
African-American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Professional wrestlers from California
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Willie McClinton Jr
Willie Mack
Mack
The Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mackpio
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
The Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Willie
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Mack
Willie Mack
Willie Mack