text_chunks:
<mask><mask> (born June 6, 1941) is a lawyer and the Arthur F. Burns Fellow in Financial Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute. He specializes in financial markets deregulation. He was White House Counsel during the Tower Commission's inquiry into the Iran Contra Affair. He was a dissenting member of the 2010 Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, frequent commentator in the mass media on the federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and wrote Hidden in Plain Sight (2015) about the crisis and its legacy. <mask> was born in New York City, and educated at the Capitol Page School and Harvard University (A.B. 1963, LL.B. 1966), where he was President of the Young Republicans.He was admitted to the bar of New York state in 1967. Emanuel Celler appointed him a United States House of Representatives Page when he was about 14, and he served for most of his high school years. The Democrats controlled the patronage, but assigned some pages, such as <mask>, to the minority party. This experience helped him become a Republican. He was a Rockefeller Republican before becoming a Reagan Republican. On November 24, 1966, he married the former Frieda Koslow (born in New York January 15, 1943, A.B. Smith College 1963, LL.B.Harvard Law School 1966 admitted to New York bar in 1967, D.C. bar 1982). They have three children, Ethan S., <mask>., Rebecca K.  Mrs. Wallison develops real estate in Snowmass, Colorado. They split their time between homes in Colorado and in Washington, D.C.

Career
 1966–1971 Associate, Rogers & Wells, New York, NY
 1971– special assistant, Governor of New York Nelson A. Rockefeller
 1971–1981 Partner, Rogers & Wells, New York, NY
 1972–1976 Special assistant to Nelson Rockefeller
 1973–1974 Counsel to the Commission on Critical Choices for Americans
 1975–1976 Counsel to Vice President of the United States Nelson Rockefeller. Dick Parsons was his deputy. 1976 Campaign staff, Bob Dole's vice-presidential campaign
 1981–1985 General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury, under Don Regan. Early in his tenure he supervised the preparation of the report on the Secret Service and the Reagan assassination attempt in 1981. He was important in developing Reagan administration proposals to deregulate financial services that, with some changes, became law in 1999.<mask> recounts that he counseled against the Reagan administration's decision to oppose the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling that the Carter administration's Internal Revenue Service revocation of Bob Jones University's tax exempt status because its prohibition against inter-racial dating by students violated public policy. Even if the IRS had determined policy, beyond its authority in deciding, opposing this case would be politically foolish. In the event he was recalled to the United States from a banking conference to be present for the Treasury's announcement; when he arrived he found that his seniors were all absent and he was required to announce this choice. Treasury and Department of Justice had worked this out between themselves, and White House staff were furious. A political firestorm followed, and efforts to mitigate it were unsuccessful. (The Supreme Court of the United States subsequently held, in Bob Jones University v. United States, that the IRS did have this power even though petitioner had complied with the language of the statute). 1985–1986 partner, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher
 1986–1987 White House Counsel to President of the United States Ronald Reagan.In the aftermath of the Iran Contra affair he came under investigation by Lawrence E. Walsh but was not indicted. (He believes his diary persuaded the independent counsel that he had not manipulated the President's testimony.) 1987–1998 partner, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher
 1999–present   American Enterprise Institute, codirector of AEI's financial markets deregulation project. Other
In 1999, <mask> told New York Times reporter Steven A. Holmes that the expansion of mortgage loans by reducing the amount borrowers have to put down and extending loans to so-called subprime borrowers was creating a situation where Fannie Mae was taking on significantly more risk. "From the perspective of many people, including me, this is another thrift industry growing up around us," he said. "If they fail, the government will have to step up and bail them out the way it stepped up and bailed out the thrift industry." The article pointed out that the Clinton Administration had put pressure on Fannie Mae to lower standards "to expand loans among low and moderate income people."<mask> gave a eulogy at a memorial service for Don Regan in June 2003. <mask>'s writing on the cause of the Financial crisis of 2007–08 have brought much comment. In December, 2011, the New York Times financial columnist <mask> stated that <mask> had "almost single-handedly created the myth that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac caused the financial crisis." Calling it "a big lie," Nocera suggested that Wallison had engaged in a deliberate deception. Economist Paul Krugman has also accused Wallison of deception, criticizing him for—among other things—attacking Fannie and Freddie in a magazine article just a year before the subprime mortgage collapse for not doing a "better job of providing affordable home financing to a neglected portion of the mortgage market." This neglected portion consisted of "African-American ... Hispanic", and "low-income borrowers". Wallison cites New York Times columnist Gretchen Morgenson exposing how "Democratic political operative <mask> turned Fannie Mae into a political machine", and dismisses the exoneration of the GSEs as "the big lie."Memberships
 Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee
 Council on Foreign Relations
 Depository Institutions Deregulation Committee (past member) under Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act (1980) with William Isaac amongst others
 District of Columbia bar
 District of Columbia bar association
 MGIC board of directors, until Fannie Mae applied pressure. President's Advisory Council on Executive Organization, also called the Ash Commission
 Delegate, 1976 Republican National Convention
 Member and dissenter on Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (2010–11)

Writings
 (With <mask>. Hawke, <mask>.) The State Banking Revolution and the Federal Response: New Frontiers of Financial Service Expansion, Law and Business/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (Clifton, NJ), 1984. State Banking Regulation and Deregulation, Law and Business/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (New York, NY), 1985. Back from the Brink: A Practical Plan for Privatizing Deposit Insurance and Strengthening Our Banks and Thrifts, AEI Press (Washington, DC), 1990. (With Bert Ely) Nationalizing Mortgage Risk: The Growth of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, AEI Press (Washington, DC), 2000. (With Robert E. Litan) The GAAP Gap, AEI Press (Washington, DC), 2000. (Editor) Optional Federal Chartering and Regulation of Insurance Companies, AEI Press (Washington, DC), 2000.(Editor) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: Public Purposes and Private Interests, Volume 1: Government Subsidy and Conflicting Missions, Volume 2: Prospects for Controlling Growth and Expansion, AEI Press (Washington, DC), 2000,  (alk. paper),
 (Editor) Serving Two Masters, Yet out of Control: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, AEI Press (Washington, DC), 2001,  (pbk.) 2 volumes of papers delivered at a conference on March 24, 1999 at the American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C. Competitive Equity: A Better Way to Organize Mutual Funds (AEI Press, 2007). Contributor to periodicals, including the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and Washington Post. Hidden in Plain Sight: What Really Caused the World's Worst Financial Crisis and Why It Could Happen Again (Encounter Books; January 13, 2015), 432 pages; ;

References

 American Banker,  August 14, 1992, Claudia Cummins, "Former Reagan Official Still Fighting for Banks, " p. 2. Banker Monthly, September, 1990, Andrew Gray, review of Back from the Brink: A Practical Plan for Privatizing Deposit Insurance and Strengthening Our Banks and Thrifts, p. 87.Journal of Economic Literature, June, 1991, review of Back from the Brink, p. 688. Kirkus Reviews, November 1, 2002, review of Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the Success of His Presidency, p. 1604. Publishers Weekly, November 18, 2002, review of Ronald Reagan, p. 50. Wall Street Journal, December 24, 2002, Mary Anastasia O'Grady, review of Ronald Reagan. Women's Wear Daily, February 19, 2003, Aileen Mehle, review of Ronald Reagan, p. 6. External links

1941 births
American legal scholars
American legal writers
American political writers
American male non-fiction writers
American Enterprise Institute
College Republicans
Colorado Republicans
Harvard Law School alumni
Living people
Massachusetts Republicans
New York (state) lawyers
New York (state) Republicans
The American Spectator people
United States Department of the Treasury officials
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. Republicans
White House Counsels
Writers from Washington, D.C.
People associated with Gibson Dunn

masks:
Peter J
. Wallison
Personal Wallison
Wallison
Jeremy L
Wallison
Wallison
Wallison
Wallison
Joe Nocera
Wallison
Jim Johnson
John D
Jr


text_chunks:
<mask> (May 10, 1867 – September 8, 1954) was an American lawyer, California state judge, 43rd United States Secretary of the Navy and a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Early life and education

<mask> was born May 10, 1867, in Boonesboro, Iowa, to <mask> and Edna M. Lyman. His family moved to Jamestown, Dakota Territory (now North Dakota), where he graduated high school. In 1884, he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1888. Shortly after graduation, Wilbur resigned his commission, a common practice at the time, and moved to Riverside, California. He read law at night while teaching mathematics during the day, and was admitted to the California bar in 1890. Career

Wilbur associated with the firm of Bruson, Wilson & Lamme, and engaged in private practice for eight years in Los Angeles, California.He was active in Republican politics, and in 1898 was president of the Fourth Ward Republican club. In 1898, he served as Los Angeles County Deputy Assistant District Attorney in the office of John C<mask>, and by 1899 he was the Chief Deputy under District Attorney James C. Rives. In September 1902, the Republican Party nominated <mask> for the post of judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court to the take the seat of Lucien Shaw, who was running for Supreme Court. <mask> won the election and in November 1902 began to hear cases pro tempore. He was especially interested in promoting children's welfare: on the Superior Court, he was presiding judge of the juvenile department; in 1906 he was a director of the Bethlehem Benevolent Board; in 1910, he was a founding director of the Juvenile Improvement Association; in 1912, he was president of the Social Purity League, which offered religious lectures to the public; in 1915, he helped organize the Boy Scouts in Los Angeles, and was named permanent chairman of the executive committee; and he served as president of the state Sunday School Association, organizing evangelical gatherings for young people. It was during his time on the California Superior Court that he wrote and first published (in 1905) his popular "Bear Family" stories for children. He taught at the newly-founded law school of the University of Southern California from about 1904 until 1917, while he sat on the Superior Court.Annually, he taught one course, extraordinary legal remedies. In 1917, Governor William Stephens appointed <mask> to the California Supreme Court, where he served as an Associate Justice from January 1, 1918. In September 1922, <mask> defeated William P. Lawlor in the primary election, and in November was chosen as the 19th Chief Justice of California, holding the position from January 1923 to March 19, 1924. When <mask> resigned, Governor Friend Richardson appointed Louis Wescott Myers to take the post of Chief Justice. Secretary of the Navy

On March 19, 1924, <mask> was sworn in as United States Secretary of the Navy. The first appointee of President Calvin Coolidge, <mask> came into the position with a reputation as a man of high intellect and a character of "unimpeachable integrity." However, one critic called Wilbur "a good Sunday school teacher who wants to make the Navy safe for boys."In July 1925, he accompanied three battleships on a cruise of the Pacific coast, stopping in Marin County for a picnic of 600 midshipmen with a group of more than 100 society women on Mount Tamalpais. In August 1928, he again accompanied a fleet to San Francisco, California on its way to Pacific training exercises. By the end of his term, <mask> had achieved success in enlarging and modernizing the fleet and established a naval air force, which would grow to become a potent component in the war with Japan during World War II. Federal judicial service

On March 1, 1929, in the last hours of his presidency, President Coolidge nominated <mask> to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Francisco. However, when the 70th Congress ended that week, the Senate had not acted on the nomination, so it expired. <mask> was nominated by President Herbert Hoover on April 18, 1929, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, to a new seat authorized by 45 Stat. 1414.He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 2, 1929, and received his commission the same day. He was a member of the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges (now the Judicial Conference of the United States) from 1931 to 1944. He assumed senior status on May 10, 1945. His service terminated on September 8, 1954, due to his death in Palo Alto, California. Legacy

The guided missile destroyer USS <mask> (DDG-54) is named for him. Personal life

<mask> was married twice. On November 9, 1893, <mask> married Ella T. Chilson.She died on December 10, 1896. Next, on January 13, 1898, he remarried to <mask>. They lived in a grand home completed in 1904 on Frederick Knob in San Francisco. Following retirement, <mask> spent time with his wife and their three surviving children: Edna, Paul C. and Lyman <mask>. In the 1930s, one of his children, Dr. <mask>, established a mission hospital in the province of northern China now known as Shanxi. Leonard, his wife, Jean Spaulding, and two children, Ruth and Lyman, survived invasions by Chinese communist insurgents and Japanese troops. However, on Easter Sunday 1940, Leonard died in Shanxi of typhus.His wife later gave birth to their third child, Bruce, before departing China for San Francisco. <mask>'s brother, Ray Lyman <mask>, was United States Secretary of the Interior under Herbert Hoover, and a president of Stanford University. See also

 List of justices of the Supreme Court of California

References

Sources

 Image of Zola Vredenburgh watching Judge Robert Kenny playing chess against Judge <mask> <mask>, Los Angeles, 1934. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles

External links

 Photo of <mask> and another photo. January/February 1925. Library of Congress.Photo of <mask> and wife. Getty Images. — Cypress Lawn Memorial Park, Colma, San Mateo County, California, USA
 <mask><mask>. California Supreme Court Historical Society. Opinions authored by <mask><mask>. Courtlistener.com
 Past & Present Justices. California State Courts.1867 births
1954 deaths
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Herbert Hoover
20th-century American judges
United States Secretaries of the Navy
California lawyers
United States Naval Academy alumni
American Congregationalists
Chief Justices of California
Coolidge administration cabinet members
20th-century American politicians
People from Boone, Iowa
California Republicans
United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Burials at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park

masks:
Curtis Dwight Wilbur
Wilbur
Dwight Locke Wilbur
. Donnell
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Curtis Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Olive Doolittle
Wilbur
Dwight
Leonard Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Wilbur
Curtis
Curtis Wilbur
Curtis Wilbur
Curtis D
. Wilbur
Curtis D
. Wilbur


text_chunks:
<mask> (1924−1983) was an American missionary who ministered to peasants and left-wing insurgents in Honduras before being killed in that country's armed conflict in 1983. <mask> was born in Chicago to parents of German and Irish ancestry. His father was a salesman for the Burroughs Adding Machine Corporation, and the family moved around frequently. They were also devoted listeners of Father Charles Coughlin's radio show. <mask> graduated from St. Louis University High School in Missouri in 1942, and went on to Saint Louis University on a football scholarship. Despite poor vision and a football-related knee injury, he was drafted and saw service in the European Theatre of World War II as a combat engineer and military policeman. After the war, he took advantage of the G.I.Bill to return to SLU to study theology, then transferred to the University of Detroit the following year before finally ending up at St. Stanislaus Seminary in Florissant, Missouri in 1948. He spent three years as a missionary in British Honduras (today Belize) beginning in 1955 before returning to the United States to study at St. Mary's College in Kansas. After being ordained into the Jesuit order in 1961, <mask> was sent to work with impoverished Hondurans by the Missouri Province of the Society of Jesus. He eventually naturalized as a Honduran citizen and renounced U.S. citizenship. Nevertheless, he was expelled to Nicaragua by the Honduran government in 1979. In Nicaragua, he ministered to members of the Revolutionary Party of Central American Workers (PRTC). He eventually became chaplain to a group of PRTC fighters who had been trained by Cuba in the P-11 nd P-13 insurgency training camps in Pinar del Rio, Cuba—joining with the group in Nicaragua and  returning with them to Honduras in 1983.Death
According to PRTC deserters, morale in the group sagged as the insurgents traveled from Nicaragua, across the Coco river in to Honduras, and began a brutal four-day march to the top of the barren Olancho mountain range above the river. They ran low on supplies, and as described by the PRTC insurgent commander, Dr. José María Reyes Mata, in his diary..."to celebrate the victory of the march, we ate the last of our rations". <mask> clashed with Mata,  the group's commander, when he valiantly but vainly tried to defend the life of one of the young insurgents accused of attempted desertion. According to insurgents later interviewed by US Defense Attache Office Assistant Army Attache Captain Ronald Glass, Carney grew  disheartened by the actions of the atheist insurgent commander Dr. Mata, both by the summary execution of the deserter in front of the remaining men, and then by being prohibited by Mata to minister spiritually to the men, eventually prohibited from performing mass. U.S embassy documents, citing interviews with PRTC deserters suggest that, as the Honduran military closed in on the group, the 60 plus year old Carney grew physically weak, barely being able to walk even a hundred meters before having to rest. The Catholic Priest, not wanting to endanger, slowdown or burden the now fragmented group, selflessly sacrificed himself, reportedly telling his companions to leave him behind. According to the last two insurgents claiming to have seen him alive, he was left in a hammock, hidden under a triple canopy jungle in the Patuca region, where he presumably died, alone, exposed to the elements and without food.This official version based on interviews with insurgent survivors, is contradicted in news reports echoed from testimony of a man characterized in media as an exiled former intelligence officer Florencio Cabadero who claimed that <mask> was captured, tortured, and then thrown to his death from a helicopter by members of the Honduran Army's elite Battalion 316. Eric Haney, who was stationed in Honduras as a member of the Delta Force at the time, reported 'hearing' the same reports, that <mask> was tortured and killed by the military. In his book Inside Delta Force, Haney claims credit for killing former Green Beret David Arturo Baez in the final firefight that saw <mask> captured (The Battle of Yolo Valley, Honduras). Since the publication of his book and claim Haney has been roundly admonished by the U.S. Special Forces community for fabricating the story of his killing Baez. Yet another report echoes the same claims that Baez and <mask> were taken alive by Honduran forces. However, unnamed sources [need cite] claiming to be linked to the U.S. Embassy in Honduras have purportedly offered that <mask>, along with Baez, a Nicaraguan-American Sandinista serving as a military adviser to the guerrilla column, were captured. According to these unsourced reports, both he and Baez were interrogated at a small dirt landing strip in Honduras along with surviving members of the column.As with the capture and execution of Che Guevara by Bolivian Rangers on October 9, 1967, both <mask> and Baez were ordered to be executed by the country's government or military. According to unnamed sources, represented as "U.S. MilGrp officers then stationed in Honduras", the execution of Baez and <mask> is alleged to have been carried out by the first Honduran Special Forces officer to have graduated the U.S. Special Warfare course at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The order from the Honduran military commander was that "all officers are to have blood on their hands" in order to ensure silence. According to these same unsourced reports, the bodies of the two Americans were, along with those others killed, flown back over the border on a Honduran military helicopter into Nicaragua and unceremoniously dumped into the triple canopy jungle below. Aftermath
<mask>'s family traveled to Honduras shortly after learning of his death, but were unable to recover his body or any information. Baez's family, living in Florida, have long demanded the truth about the former Green Beret's death. Later in 1983, the army officer implicated by Cabadero in ordering <mask>'s death, General Gustavo Álvarez Martínez, was awarded the Legion of Merit by President Ronald Reagan, "for promoting democracy in Honduras" at the same time the Cuban trained and Sandinista PRTC 96 man insurgent group has crossed over in to Honduras to overthrow the  civilian government of Honduran President Dr. Roberto Suazo Cordoba, the first democratically elected civilian government for Honduras in many decades.Nevertheless, some of <mask>'s former colleagues believe the award is evidence that then U.S Ambassador to Honduras John Negroponte authorized <mask>'s killing. However, there is no evidence Negroponte was aware of the two captured Americans with only the embassy's MILGRP senior staff advised of the battle and its aftermath in real time. Father Joseph Mulligan, a close friend of <mask>'s, has been searching for answers to the disappearance of both <mask> and Baez for over 20 years. In 2010, he sent a letter to President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton requesting their assistance in seeing his FOIA request, now being processed, approved. See also
The Ambassador (2005 film)

References

1924 births
1983 deaths
People from Chicago
American people of Irish descent
American Roman Catholic missionaries
Roman Catholic missionaries in Honduras
American emigrants to Honduras
Former United States citizens
Saint Louis Billikens football players
Naturalised citizens of Honduras
Honduran expatriates in Nicaragua
American people of German descent
Catholics from Illinois
20th-century American Roman Catholic priests
Catholic socialists

masks:
James Francis Carney
Life Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney
Carney


text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 27 March 1953) is a Singaporean business executive and businesswoman who serves as a Director of Temasek Trust since 1 October 2021. She is the spouse of the 3rd and current Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong. <mask> first joined Temasek Holdings as a director in January 2002. She became its executive director in May 2002 and was appointed its CEO by then-prime minister Goh Chok Tong in January 2004. As of 2020, she is listed as the 30th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. Early life
She was born 27 March 1953 in Singapore. <mask> completed her secondary education at Crescent Girls' School.She proceeded to become one of the top students for the 'A' level examinations in her cohort at National Junior College, where she was named Student of the Year. She then went to the then-Singapore University (now the National University of Singapore) and graduated in 1976 with a Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical, First Class Honours). In 1982, <mask> graduated with a Master of Science (Electrical Engineering) degree from Stanford University. Career
<mask> started her career as an engineer with the Ministry of Defence of Singapore in 1976. In 1983, she became the Director of Defence Materiel Organisation, the defence procurement agency of the Ministry, and concurrently held the position of deputy director of Defence Science Organisation. <mask> joined Singapore Technologies in 1987 as deputy director of Engineering, and took on various senior responsibilities before becoming its president and chief executive officer in 1997. She is credited with repositioning and growing the group in the five years that she led it.For instance, she was the architect for the formation and listing of Singapore Technologies Engineering in 1997, and served as its first chairman. <mask> joined Temasek Holdings as a Director in January 2002 and became its executive director in May 2002. <mask> assumed the role of chief executive officer of Temasek on 1 January 2004. She is widely credited with transforming Temasek, an investment company owned by the Government of Singapore, from a Singapore-focused firm into an active investor in Asia and the world. <mask> has served as chairman of the Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, and as deputy chairman of the Productivity and Standards Board, and the Economic Development Board. <mask> stepped down as CEO and executive director on 1 October 2021, being succeeded by Dilhan Pillay Sandrasegara, who will continue to concurrently hold his current appointment as chief executive of Temasek International (TI). The same day, she was appointed as a director of Temasek Trust, and will succeed Mr S. Dhanabalan in the following year as Chairman on 1 April 2022.Honours
In 1995, <mask> was conferred the National University of Singapore's Distinguished Engineering Alumnus Award. She is also an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Singapore. For her public service, she was conferred the Singapore Public Administration Medal (silver, 1985) and the Public Service Star (1996) award by the Singapore Government. <mask> has appeared in many rankings of the most powerful and influential people in the world. In 2007, <mask> was picked as one of the "100 most influential men and women" who shaped the world by TIME Magazine. Also in 2007, Forbes magazine ranked her 3rd in its annual list of the world's most powerful women, behind German Chancellor Angela Merkel and China's Vice-Premier Wu Yi. <mask> had climbed 33 spots from 36th place in the previous year's list.In 2011, <mask> was included in the '50 Most Influential' ranking by Bloomberg Markets magazine. In 2013, <mask> was ranked ninth on the Public Investor 100 ranking compiled by the Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. In 2014, she was listed as the 59th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. In June, <mask> was also awarded the 2014 Asian Business Leaders Award. The annual Asia House award recognises individuals who embody the 'Servant Leader' – economic success and professional excellence accompanied by moral leadership and service to society. Asia House is a centre of expertise on Asia and the leading pan-Asian organisation in the UK. She became the 30th most powerful woman in 2016.In 2019, she ranked No. 23 in the Power Women 2019 of Forbes list, while in 2020 she ranked 30th again. Philanthropy
In her personal capacity, <mask> supports various community service and charitable organisations. She has particular interest in special needs education, healthcare and the welfare and development of children. She is the Patron of Assisi Hospice, and the founding Chairman of Trailblazer Foundation Ltd, an IPC charity which provides funding for education, health, sports and community welfare. In March 2014, <mask> was inducted into the Singapore Council of Women's Organisations' Singapore Women's Hall of Fame, which honours outstanding women of Singapore in all fields of endeavour. In August 2016, <mask> received positive reviews when, on a state visit to the White House to mark 50 years of bilateral relations between the US and Singapore, she carried a pouch designed by an autistic student from Pathlight School (under its Artist Development Program).<mask> is an advisor to the Autism Resource Centre (ARC), a non-profit charity in charge of Pathlight School, and had acquired the pouch at an ARC fundraising event. <mask> is also a patron of the Autism Association of Singapore. Personal life
<mask> is the eldest of four children of retired businessman <mask> <mask> and Chan Chiew Ping. She has two brothers and a sister. Her sister <mask> is the chairperson of the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board while the younger brother <mask> is executive director of Starhill Global REIT She met her husband, Lee Hsien Loong, the current Prime Minister of Singapore and eldest son of former Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, while starting out in her career at the Ministry of Defence together with former prime minister Goh Chok Tong. They married on 17 December 1985 and have two sons, <mask> and Haoyi. <mask> is stepmother to Lee's two children from his first marriage—daughter Xiuqi and son Yipeng.References

External links
The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew
Lee Kuan Yew | Articles Speeches and Interviews – Lee Kuan Yew 李光耀

1953 births
Living people
Lee family (Singapore)
National Junior College alumni
National University of Singapore alumni
President's Scholars
Recipients of the Pingat Pentadbiran Awam
Recipients of the Bintang Bakti Masyarakat
Singaporean chief executives
Singaporean engineers
Singaporean people of Cantonese descent
Spouses of prime ministers of Singapore
Stanford University alumni
Temasek Holdings people

masks:
Ho Ching
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho Ching
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho
Ho Eng
Hong
Ho Peng
Ho Sing
Hongyi
Ho


text_chunks:
<mask> (July 29, 1934 – May 13, 2019) was a nuclear physicist and professional ufologist who resided in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. He was the original civilian investigator of the Roswell UFO incident. Early life
<mask> graduated from Linden High School and the University of Chicago, earning a Bachelor of Science in 1955 and a master's degree in nuclear physics in 1956. Career in nuclear physics
<mask> was employed for 14 years as a nuclear physicist for such companies as General Electric (1956–1959), Aerojet General Nucleonics (1959–1963), General Motors (1963–1966), Westinghouse (1966–1968), TRW Systems (1969–1970), and McDonnell Douglas, where he worked on advanced, classified programs on nuclear aircraft, fission and fusion rockets, and compact nuclear power plants for space applications. Since the 1980s, he consulted for the radon-detection industry. <mask>'s professional affiliations included the American Nuclear Society, the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and AFTRA. UFO investigations and advocacy
In 1970, <mask> left full-time employment as a physicist to pursue the scientific investigation of unidentified flying objects (UFOs).Since then, he gave lectures at more than 600 colleges and to more than 100 professional groups in 50 states, 10 provinces, and 19 countries outside the US. Additionally, he worked as a consultant on the topic. He published more than 80 UFO-related papers and appeared on many radio and television programs. He also provided written testimony to Congressional hearings and appeared twice at the United Nations. <mask> consistently favored use of the term "flying saucer" in his work, saying "Flying saucers are, by definition, unidentified flying objects, but very few unidentified flying objects are flying saucers. I am interested in the latter, not the former." <mask> used to refer to himself as "The Flying Saucer Physicist", because of his degrees in nuclear physics and work on nuclear projects.<mask>'s positions regarding UFO phenomena
<mask>well UFO incident, and supported the hypothesis that it was a genuine crash of an extraterrestrial spacecraft. In 1968 <mask> told a committee of the United States House of Representatives that the evidence suggests that Earth is being visited by intelligently controlled extraterrestrial vehicles. <mask> also stated he believed that UFO sightings were consistent with magnetohydrodynamic propulsion. In 1996, after researching and fact checking the Majestic 12 documents, <mask> said that there was no substantive grounds for dismissing their authenticity. In 2004, on George Noory's Coast to Coast radio show, <mask> debated Seth Shostak, the SETI Institute's Senior Astronomer. Like <mask>, Shostak also believes in the existence of intelligent life other than humans; however, unlike <mask>, he does not believe such life is now on Earth or is related to UFO sightings. <mask> hypothesized that UFOs may originate from relatively nearby sunlike stars.(p.217)

A piece of evidence that he often cited with respect to this hypothesis is the 1964 star map drawn by alleged alien abductee Betty Hill during a hypnosis session, which she said was shown to her during her abduction. Astronomer Marjorie Fish constructed a three-dimensional map of nearby sun-like stars and claimed a good match from the perspective of Zeta Reticuli, about 39 light years distant. The fit of the Hill/Fish star maps was hotly debated in the December 1974 edition of Astronomy magazine, with <mask> and others defending the statistical validity of the match. SETI
Friedman stated strong views against search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) research. <mask> contested the implicit premise of SETI that there has been no extraterrestrial visitation of the planet, because it was his claim that SETI was seeking only signals, not extraterrestrial intelligence or beings. He maintained that the prominence and widespread public claims of those involved with SETI have tended to prevent serious research, including research by journalists, of UFOs.(p. 129)

<mask> was a classmate of Carl Sagan at the University of Chicago.<mask> criticized Sagan, a proponent of SETI, for ignoring empirical evidence, such as "600-plus unknowns" of Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14. <mask> argued that these empirical data directly contradict Sagan's claim in Other Worlds that the "reliable cases are uninteresting and the interesting cases are unreliable". Specifically, <mask> referred to a table in Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14 that he said "shows that the better the quality of the sighting, the more likely it was to be an 'unknown', and the less likely it was to be listed as containing 'insufficient information'"(p. 42). Public and scientific opinion
<mask> said of the response to his talks, "I know that most people are unfamiliar with the several large-scale scientific studies ... because I ask, after I show a slide and ask about each one, 'How many here have read this?' Typically, it is only one or two percent".He said that a talk he gave to Canadian journalists in Saint John, New Brunswick, caused the attitudes of the journalists to change, because "... attendees had had no idea there was so much solid information, as opposed to the tabloid nonsense they thought was the primary source of UFO data". (p. 202)

<mask> argued that the majority of people believe UFOs exist and at least some groups of scientists do as well. <mask> (2008) referred to the following data in support of his position:
Gallup Polls between 1966 and 1987 asked respondents the question: "Are UFOs something real, or just people's imagination?" Of those who took a position one way or the other, 61%, 64%, 68%, and 60% took the position they are real in 1966, 1977, 1978, and 1987, respectively. With respect to scientists, a poll was taken by Industrial Research and Development in 1971 and 1979. Of the respondents who took a position, 64% and 69% stated they believed UFOs either probably or definitely exist. Of this subgroup, 32% and 44% considered their origin to be Outer Space in 1971 and 1979, respectively.Of the rest of this subgroup, approximately half believed them to be natural phenomena and half were "undecided". Peter Sturrock also polled the membership of the American Astronomical Society and found that "the greater the amount of time one spent on reading UFO-related material, the more likely one is to accept their reality" (p. 210). Criticisms and controversies

<mask> was outspoken in his articulation of positions and in his criticism of UFO debunkers, often stating he was not an "apologist ufologist". His positions are regarded as controversial in mainstream science and media, but <mask> claimed to have received little opposition at his many lectures, most of which were at colleges and universities, many to engineering societies and other groups of physicists (p. 24). He had a number of debates in the mainstream media, including one with UFO skeptic Michael Shermer on CNN. <mask> was criticized both by skeptics and other Roswell researchers for taking the position that there are no substantive grounds for dismissing the authenticity of some Majestic 12 documents. <mask> himself was the first to provide evidence that some of the documents are clearly hoaxes.For example, he showed that a supposed memo from Admiral Roscoe Hillenkoetter to President <mask>, dated February 17, 1948, was actually the emulation of a letter from Marshall to Roosevelt that was featured in the book The American MAGIC. <mask> researched the MJ-12 documents since first becoming aware of them from Wiliam Moore and Jaime Shandera in 1984. He addressed criticisms of the original documents in both sources. As an example, Philip J. Klass claimed lexicographic inconsistencies based on the use of Pica typeface in the Cutler-<mask>ing memo and offered $100, in a challenge to <mask>, for each legitimate example of the use of the same style and size Pica type as used in the memo. <mask> provided 14 examples and was paid $1000 by Klass. Personal life
<mask> was Ashkenazi Jewish. He was married twice.His first wife was Susie Virginia Porter, with whom he adopted three children, but they divorced in April 1974. He had one daughter with his second wife, Marilyn. <mask> relocated to Marilyn's native Fredericton, New Brunswick in the early 1980s. On May 13, 2019, <mask> died of a heart attack at the Toronto Pearson Airport. Media

Books
 Flying Saucers & Science, June 2008, 320P. Captured! The Betty and Barney Hill UFO Experience.Co-author Kathleen Marden. Career Press / New Page Books, 2007. ,
 Top Secret/MAJIC, Marlowe + Co. 2005. . 296 pages,
 Crash at Corona: The Definitive Story of The Roswell Incident. Co-author Don Berliner, 1997. Science was Wrong: Startling truths about cures, theories, and inventions "They" declared impossible. Co-author Kathleen Marden. Pompton Plains, NJ: New Page Books. 2010.Fact, Fiction, and Flying Saucers. Co-author Kathleen Marden. Pompton Plains, NJ: New Page Books. 2016. Visual media
 UFOs: <mask>'s revelation — (video) An interview with <mask>. Flying Saucers Are Real — VHS (1996), Vol. 1 84 minutes, Vol.2 75 minutes (159 minutes total). Filmed at Kennedy Space Center. UFO Secret MJ-12 — DVD (2006), 2 discs, 151 minutes. <mask>'s 2003 lecture at Aztec, New Mexico on Roswell and MJ-12. Recollections of Roswell — DVD, 105 minutes
 Are Flying Saucers Real? — VHS. Informal Debate.Middle Tennessee State University, January 2004. Includes Q & no A's. UFOs Are Real — VHS (1979), 92 minutes

CDs
 UFOs: The Real Story (1996)

References

External links

Interview with <mask>
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Files on <mask>

1934 births
2019 deaths
Linden High School (New Jersey) alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Jewish American scientists
Jewish American writers
Jewish Canadian writers
American emigrants to Canada
American nuclear physicists
Canadian nuclear physicists
Writers from Elizabeth, New Jersey
Writers from Fredericton
Ufologists
American UFO writers
UFO conspiracy theorists
Pseudohistorians
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Canadian conspiracy theorists
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Stanton Terry Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedmanos
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Truman
Friedman
Twin
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Stanton Friedman
Stanton Friedman
Stan Friedman
Stanton Friedman
Stanton Friedman


text_chunks:
<mask> (1600-1685) was a Dutch colonial magistrate. He was one of the nine original popular assemblymen serving in New Amsterdam from 1647 under Pieter Stuyvesant, Governor of New Netherlands. Biography
<mask> was a tailor in Amsterdam in 1624. He came to America about 1637 with his wife and five children, as on the map of New Netherlands of 1639 he is recorded as owning one of the Plantations. In 1647 he was chosen as one of the first Board of "Nine Men" to act as Governing Tribunal for New Amsterdam, and held office again in 1649 and 1650. He was appointed a Grand Schepen (alderman, or magistrate) on Feb. 2, 1656, and on April 11, 1657 he was admitted to the Rights of a Great Burgher, and so took an important part in the government of New Amsterdam. After New Amsterdam was surrendered, he took the Oath of Allegiance to the English in October 1664.His will (found in the <mask> Family papers, New York Public Library) apparently was never officially recorded. It was drawn by notary Willem Bogardus. Since both will and accounting cite the notary, it seems likely that Bogardus, who was city treasurer 1680-85 and later postmaster of New York province, entrusted the papers to <mask>'s son Jacob, especially since Jacob, who served five terms as city schepen, aided in administering the estate. His 7800 guilder estate was a substantial one for that time period. Will dated Feb. 2, 1671; Codicil dated Aug. 4, 1680; Estate accounting March 8, 1686. Sons
Kip had six children, notably:
<mask> <mask> (1627–1678)
Descendants settled in Rhinebeck, New York. Jacobus <mask> <mask> (1631-1690)
Married Henrica Vanplanck, widow of Guilian Vanplanck; was a partner with Francis Rombouts and Stephanus Van Cortlandt in the Rombout Patent in Dutchess County, New York.Descendants settled in Kip's Bay, Manhattan, and Westchester County, New York. <mask> <mask> <mask>, Jr (1633–1670)
Settled at New Amstel on the Delaware River and then at Midwout, Midwood (Flatbush), Long Island. Legacy
 <mask> <mask> had a son, Jacobus. In 1685 King James II of England issued a royal grant known today as the Rombout Patent for some  of land Francis Rombouts, Stephanus Van Cortlandt (both former mayors of New York City) and  Gulian Verplanck purchased from Wappinger Indians on the east bank of the Hudson River in what is today's southern Dutchess County, New York. However, Verplanck died in 1684 and his widow Henrika married Jacobus <mask>, and the family's share of the patent passed down through that line. <mask> <mask> <mask> is mentioned in Washington Irving's 1809 satirical history The Knickerbocker's History of New York in the following (ahistorical) anecdote. [A group of Dutch settlers were sailing down the East River in a small boat:] "While the voyagers were looking around them, on what they conceived to be a serene and sunny lake, they beheld at a distance a crew of painted savages busily employed in fishing, who seemed more like the genii of this romantic region -- their slender canoe lightly balanced like a feather on the undulating surface of the bay.At sight of these, the hearts of the heroes on Communipaw were not a little troubled. But as good fortune would have it, at the bow of the commodore's boat was stationed a very valiant man named <mask> Kip (which, being interpreted, means chicken; a name given him on token of his courage). No sooner did he behold those varlet heathens than he trembled with excessive valor, and, although a good half mile distant, he seized a musketoon that lay at hand, and turning away his head, fired it most intrepidly in the face of the blessed sun. The blundering weapon recoiled and gave the valiant Kip an ignominious kick that laid him prostrate with uplifted heels in the bottom of the boat. But such was the effect of this tremendous fire that the wild men of the woods, struck with consternation, seized hastily upon their paddles, and shot away into one of the deep inlets of the Long Island shore. This signal victory gave new spirits to the hardy voyagers, and in honor of the achievement they gave the name of the valiant Kip to the surrounding bay, and it has continued to be called "Kip's Bay" from that time to the present." He is mentioned among other contemporary historical figures in Edmund Clarence Stedman's poem "The Dutch Patrol" as "Hendrick Kip of the haughty lip".<mask>'s Bay on midtown Manhattan's East Side is named for his son, Jacobus <mask> Kip, who established a house and farm there in 1655. References

Citations

Other sources
History of The Kip Family In America,  by Frederic E<mask> and Margarita L. Hawley, 1928. No. 1, p. 19. Contributions to the History of the Kip Family of New York and New Jersey, by Edwin R. Purple, 1877. How <mask> Kip Bequeathed His Estate. de Halve Maen, Vol.XXXVII, No. 3, Oct, 1962. p. 9, 10, 12. Translation of document(s) from the "Kip Family Papers." Kip Family Papers, 1664-1845. 22 items (1 box, 1 folder). New York Public Library, Humanities - Manuscripts & Archives. MssCol 1651.Preakness and the Preakness Reformed Church, Passaic County, New Jersey. A History 1695-1902, with Genealogical Notes, the Records of the Church and Tombstone Inscriptions, by George Warne Labaw, New York, 1902. The Register of New Netherland 1626 to 1674. By E.B. O'Callaghan. Clearfield Co., Baltimore, MD. 1995.Pre-Revolutionary Dutch Houses and Families, in Northern New Jersey and Southern New York. By Rosalie Fellows Bailey. TheHolland Society of New York. William Morrow & Co., New York, 1936. Calendar of Dutch Historical Manuscripts in the Office of the Secretary of State Albany, New York 1630-1664, by Edmund B. O'Callaghan, The Gregg Press, Ridgewood, NJ, 1968. P. 91. Council Minutes, Vol.IV, p. 203. Sept. 29, 1644. Court Proceedings. William de Key vs. <mask> <mask>, slander; ordered that defendant's wife appear next Thursday and acknowledge in court, that whay she stated to the prejudice of the plaintiff is false, and not repeat the offense on pain of severer punishment. P. 97. Council Minutes, Vol. IV, p. 232.Aug. 30, 1645. Order. To the court messenger to notify all inhabitants to assemble at the fort ......; the court messange reports that all the citizens on the Manhattans, "from the highest to the lowest," will attend, as they all answered kindly, except one <mask> <mask>, a tailor. P. 106. Council Minutes, Vol. IV, p. 278, 9. Dec. 17, 1646.Court Proceedings. Fiscal vs. <mask> <mask>'s wife, for calling the director and council false judges, and the fiscal a forsworn fiscal; <mask> <mask> states that his wife has been upset, and so out of health ever since Maryn Adriaensen's attempt to murder the director-general, that when disturbed in the least, she knows not what she does; Mrs. Kip denies the charge; parties ordered to produce evidence on both sides. P. 373. Land Papers, Vol. G.G., p. 187. March 14, 1647. Patent.Abraham Planck; lot between <mask> Kip and Peter van der Linden, Manhattan island. P. 54. Register of Provincial Secretary, Vol. III, p. 92. Aug. 29, 1651. Deed. <mask> Kip to Albert Andriessen, of a house and lot on Manhattan island, northeast of fort Amsterdam.P. 60. Register of Provincial Secretary, Vol. III, p. 142. July 27, 1658. Deed. <mask> <mask> Kip to Caspar Stymensen, of a lot south side of Brewer Street, New Amsterdam. American people of Dutch descent
People of New Netherland
Place of birth missing
1600 births
1685 deaths

masks:
Hendrick Hendricksen Kip
Hendrick Hendricksen Kip
Kip
Hendrick
Isaac Hendricksen
Kip
Hendricksen
Kip
Hendrick
Hendricksen
Kip
Isaac Hendricksen
Kip
Kip
Hendrick
Hendricksen
Kip
Hendrick
Kip
Hendricksen
. Kip
Hendrick
Hendrick
Kip
Hendrick
Kip
Hendrick
Kip
Hendrick
Kip
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendricksen


text_chunks:
<mask> (1768 – 1 February 1837) was an Anglo-Irish writer, natural history illustrator, and amateur zoologist. He did not travel, but collected, described and illustrated many species based on the collections of other naturalists. His many books were successful in his time. He died penniless in 1837 leaving a large family destitute. Personal life
Almost nothing is known about <mask>'s family background, education or early life, although he is known to have been born in Cork, Ireland, and was originally surnamed O'<mask>. He is presumed to have had some independent wealth. His health declined in later years and he died penniless at his home in John Street in 1837 leaving a large family destitute.Biography
Aged 21, he moved to London. He was an avid collector of natural history specimens purchased mainly at auctions of specimens from voyages of exploration. He was a fellow of the Linnean Society and the Wernerian Society which gave him access to the best collections and libraries in London. It was quite common for private collectors to open small public museums, and in 1807 he founded the London Museum and Institute of Natural History. According to the catalogues and contemporary reviews, this exhibited several hundred cases of world birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, molluscs, insects, corals and other invertebrates and botanical specimens and other exotica alongside his British collections. Entry cost 1 shilling. It had public education about natural history as an objective, as well as value as source material for his publications.However, the museum was not as financially successful as he hoped. <mask> was, at first, the very successful author of a number of natural history titles, including The Natural History of British Birds (1792–97), The Natural History of British Insects(1792–1813), The Natural History of British Fishes (1802–08) and the two-volume Descriptive Excursions Through South Wales and Monmouthshire in the Year 1804, and the Four Preceding Summers (1805) and the short-lived Botanical Review, or the Beauties of Flora (London, 1789–90). He also wrote articles on conchology, entomology, etc., made drawings and arranged the natural history plates in Rees's Cyclopædia and undertook commissions for private albums of his botanical artwork. His works typically appealed both to serious naturalists, through the careful descriptions and a more general readership because of the attractive illustrations. His best known works are The Natural History of British Insects(1792–1813), An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China (1798) and Insects of India, and the Islands in the Indian Seas (1800) and Insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and Other Islands in the Indian, Southern and Pacific Oceans (1805). His reputation was established by the 16 volume work The natural history of British insects between 1792 and 1813. Each contained high quality plates illustrating the life-cycles of the insects, which he often drew from life.It was initially intended to consist of 10 volumes, but he later added a further six. Earlier volumes were written in English but the later ones were partly in Latin as <mask> became more knowledgeable and perhaps to appeal to a more specialist, but international, readership. It was referenced by several later authors. He was a well-connected and respected member of the gentleman naturalist community. Evidence includes that his successful nomination for election as a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1799 was supported by six members (Alexander Macleay, James Sowerby, William Lewis, Thomas Marsham, George Milne and Frederick Kanmacher), rather than the more usual three. Apart from occasional excursions in England and Wales, <mask> never left London. His Insects of New Holland is based on specimens collected by Joseph Banks and William Bayly, an astronomer on the second and third voyages of James Cook, specimens in the collection of Dru Drury and other private collections as well as his own museum.It is the first publication dealing exclusively with the insects of Australia. In the preface <mask> writes "There is perhaps, no extent of country in the world, that can boast a more copious or diversified assemblage of interesting objects in every department of natural history than New Holland and its contiguous island". Most of the plates depict butterflies together with exotic plants. <mask> often used thick paints, burnished highlights, albumen overglazes and metallic paints. These covered the engravings (from his own copper plates, <mask> personally undertook all steps of the illustration process for his books, the drawing, the etching and engraving and the hand colouring, working with a team of several employees) which are not visible. At other times the fineness of his engraving and etching is apparent giving his illustrations the appearance of being watercolours. For An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China he obtained specimens and information from George Macartney a British envoy to China.For Insects of India <mask> described and figured specimens in his own cabinet, that were originally collected by the late Duchess of Portland, Marmaduke Tunstall, a Governor Holford (many years resident in India), a Mr. Ellis, George Keate, a Mr. Yeats, and a Mr. Bailey. He also studied the collections of John Francillon, Dru Drury and Alexander Macleay. His patron was Joseph Banks. It is the first illustrated publication dealing with the entomology of India. The exact publication date, stated on the title page as being 1800, is also unclear as most plates are later; for example, the plate for Cicada indica is dated 1 February 1804. Many of the butterflies figured are from the Americas. In the works of Johan Christian Fabricius on which the Epitome was based "Indiis" confusingly refers to the West Indies or northern South America.He co-published his books with a book-seller instead of the more usual arrangement of working with a publisher. <mask>'s expensive purchases, his dealings with (according to him) his unscrupulous book seller Rivingtons of St Paul's Churchyard (after many previous years on good terms), and the economic decline in England after the Napoleonic Wars, always made his financial position precarious. He had begun selling parts of his collections in 1788 and was forced to close his museum in 1817. The main auction of his collection in 1818 took eight days. He continued to publish, but his financial position worsened. His collection was an important resource for his publications and its dispersal caused problems. In 1833 he made an unsuccessful published plea for funds from his supporters to bring a lawsuit against the (according to him) his unscrupulous book seller Rivingtons of St Paul's Churchyard (after many previous years on good terms).Works
 Botanical Review, Or the Beauties of Flora. London. 1789–1790. The Natural History of British Insects: Explaining Them in Their Several States, With the Periods of Their Transformations, Their Food, Oeconomy, &c. Together With the History of Such Minute Insects As Require Investigation by the Microscope, the Whole Illustrated by Coloured Figures, Designed and Executed from Living Specimens. London. F. and C. Rivington. 1792–1813.16 volumes with a total of 576 plates (568 coloured). The Natural History of British Birds: Or, a Selection of the Most Rare, Beautiful, and Interesting Birds Which Inhabit this Country. London. 1794–1819. 10 volumes with a total of 244 plates. The Natural History of British Fishes: Including Scientific and General Descriptions of the Most Interesting Species, and an Extensive Selection of Accurately Finished Coloured Plates, Taken Entirely from Original Drawings, Purposely Made from the Specimens in a Recent State, and for the Most Part Whilst Living. London.F. and C. Rivington, 1802–08. The Naturalist's Repository, or Miscellany of Exotic Natural History: Exhibiting Rare and Beautiful Specimens of Foreign Birds, Insects, Shells, Quadrupeds, Fish and Marine Productions. London. 1822–1827. 5 volumes with a total of 180 plates. The Natural History of British Shells: Including Figures and Descriptions of All the Species Hitherto Discovered in Great Britain, Systematically Arranged in the Linnean Manner, With Scientific and General Observations On Each. 5 volumes.1799-1803
 An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of India, and the Islands in the Indian Seas: Comprising Upwards to Two Hundred and Fifty Figures and Descriptions of the Most Singular and Beautiful Species, Selected Chiefly from Those Recently Discovered, and Which Have Not Appeared in the Works of Any Preceding Author.The Figures Are Accurately Drawn, Engraved, and Coloured, from Specimens of the Insects; the Descriptions Are Arranged According to the System of Linnaeus; With References to the Writings of Fabricius, and Other Systematic Authors. London. T. Bensley. An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China: Comprising Figures and Descriptions of Upwards of One Hundred New, Singular, and Beautiful Species; Together with some that are of Importance in Medicine, Domestic Economy, &c. London. T. Bensley. 1798. An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and Other Islands in the Indian, Southern and Pacific Oceans: Including the Figures and Descriptions of One Hundred and Fifty-three Species of the More Splendid, Beautiful, and Interesting Insects, Hitherto Discovered in Those Countries, and Which for the Most Part Have Not Appeared in the Works of Any Preceding Author.The Figures Are Correctly Delineated from Specimens of the Insects; and With the Descriptions Are Arranged According to the Linnean System, With Reference to the Writings of Fabricius and Other Entomologists. London. 1805. Instructions for Collecting and Preserving Various Subjects of Natural History: As Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Shells, Corals, Plants, &c.: Together With a Treatise On the Management of Insects in Their Several States; Selected from the Best Authorities. London. Rivington. 1805 (2nd edition).Bibliothèque Conchyliologique. Paris. A. Franck. References

Other sources
 Gilbert, P. (2000). Butterfly Collectors and Painters: Four Centuries of Colour Plates from the Library Collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Singapore, Beaumont Publishing Pte Ltd.
Jackson, C. E. (1985). Bird Etchings: The Illustrators and Their Books, 1655-1855.Cornell University Press. Lisney, A. A. (1960). Bibliography of British Lepidoptera 1608-1799. London. Musgrave, A.(1932). Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775–1930. Sydney. Salmon, M. A. (2000). The Aurelian Legacy: British Butterflies and their Collectors. Martins, Great Horkesley: Harley Books.External links

"<mask>: Naturalist Artist, Author and Collector" Hunt Institute (Archived link)
"Antique Prints from <mask>" Panteek Antique Prints
"<mask>" University of Massachusetts Library

Books by <mask> available through online archives
Botanical Review, Or the Beauties of Flora (1789-1790)
The Natural History of British Insects (1792)
The Natural History of British Birds (1794)
An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China (1798)
An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of India, and the Islands in the Indian Seas (1800)
The Natural History of British Shells (1800-1804)
The Natural History of British Fishes (1803)
An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and Other Islands in the Indian, Southern and Pacific Oceans (1805)
Instructions for Collecting and Preserving Various Subjects of Natural History (1805)
The Naturalist's Repository, or Miscellany of Exotic Natural History (1823-1827)
An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China (1838)
Bibliothèque Conchyliologique (1845-1846)

British ornithologists
Irish entomologists
Irish lepidopterists
1768 births
1837 deaths
People from County Cork

masks:
Edward Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Donovan
Edward Donovan
Edward Donovan
Edward Donovan
Donovan


text_chunks:
<mask> (1614 1694/1696) was born in Corvedale, Shropshire, England, and was baptised at St James parish church in Shipton, Shropshire, on 13 November 1614. <mask> and his three siblings were at the centre of a mystery in early-17th-century England that caused early genealogists to wonder why the <mask> children's father, believed to be <mask>, would send his very young children away to the New World on the Mayflower in the care of others. It was in 1959 that the mystery was explained. <mask>, a descendant of <mask>, prompted by his genealogist friend, Sir Anthony Wagner, searched and found in his attic a 1622 document that detailed the legal disputes between <mask> and <mask> and what actually happened to the <mask> children. It is clear from these events that Samuel did not believe the children to be his offspring. To rid himself of the children, he arranged for them to be sent to the Colony of Virginia. Due to bad weather, the Mayflower finally anchored in Cape Cod Harbor in November 1620, where one of the More children died soon after; another died in early December and yet another died later in the first winter.Only <mask> survived, and even thrived, in the perilous environment of early colonial America, going on to lead a very full life. <mask> became a well-known sea captain who helped to deliver to various colonies the supplies that were vital to their survival, travelled over Atlantic and West Indies trade routes and fought in various early naval sea battles. He and other Mayflower survivors were referred to in their time as "First Comers", who lived in the perilous times of what was called "The Ancient Beginnings" of the New World adventure. The <mask> family
Much of what is known about <mask>'s early childhood is through legal documents, more specifically the aforementioned document written in 1622, in response to a petition of <mask>'s mother <mask> (sometimes spelled Katharine, hereafter spelled Katherine) to Lord Chief Justice Sir James Ley, at which time she demands to know what has become of her children. Katherine's father, <mask>, was master of Larden, a 1000-acre estate between Much Wenlock and Ludlow in Shropshire. Samuel's father, <mask>, was master of Linley, an estate near Bishop's Castle, close to the Welsh border. Both estates are in Shropshire, England.Jasper's sons died leaving no male heir. The estates were held in an entail whereby inheritance was restricted to male heirs and Samuel's father, but <mask>, in the marriage settlement, paid £600 to <mask>, so there must have been clear title. It was arranged that Katherine would marry her cousin and indeed, on 4 February 1610, (old date style) Katherine, 25, married her cousin, seventeen-year-old <mask>. At some point, Samuel began working in London as secretary to Edward, Lord Zouche, privy councillor, diplomat and courtier. Over the next four years, Katherine bore four children: Elinor, Jasper, <mask>, Mary. All were baptised at St James parish church in Shipton, Shropshire, with <mask> as their father. The plan, court action, and removal of the children
In 1616, <mask> accused his wife of adultery and, at the direction of his father, <mask>, devised a plan to rid himself of Katherine and the children.The adultery was supposedly committed with Jacob Blakeway, a young man near in age to Katherine who lived close by and whose family had been More tenants for several generations. In 1608, Jacob Blakeway and his father Edward, a yeoman, had renewed a lease on a parcel of land owned by <mask>'s father, <mask> of Larden Hall. The manor of Larden Hall was about half a mile from Brockton where the Blakeway family lived. By a deed dated 20 April 1616, Samuel cut the entail on the Larden estate to prevent any of the children from inheriting. During the long court battle, Samuel would deny that he was the father of the children borne by his wife, Katherine, and stated them to be children of the adulterous relationship. Katherine did not deny her relationship with Jacob Blakeway, stating there was a former betrothal contract with him, and therefore he was her true husband. This would have made her marriage to Samuel invalid.Samuel quotes her words in his declaration, "though she could not sufficiently prove by witnesses yet it was all one before god as she sayed". At that time any of the usual witnesses would likely have been dead. In that same year, by his own account, Samuel went to his employer and a More family friend, Lord Zouche, Lord President of the Council of Wales, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Privy Counselor, to draw up a plan for the disposition of the children. Zouche had been a member of the Virginia Company and in 1617 he invested £100 in an expedition to the Colony of Virginia, which is where the Mayflower was supposed to have landed. It was his actions that were instrumental in putting the More children on the Mayflower. At that time, children were routinely rounded up from the streets of London or taken from poor families receiving church relief to be used as labourers in the colonies. Any legal objections to the involuntary transportation of the children were over-ridden by the Privy Council, namely, Lord Zouche.Most people thought it a death sentence and, indeed, many did not survive either the voyage or the harsh climate, disease, and scarcity of fresh food for which they were ill-prepared. Additionally, in 1616, <mask>, under his father <mask>'s direction, removed all four children from Larden and placed them in the care of some of his father's tenants near Linley. The removal was shortly after the youngest child had been baptised, which was on 16 April. According to Samuel's statement, the reason he sent the children away was "as the apparent likeness & resemblance … to Jacob Blakeway", quoting from: "A true declaracon of the disposing of the fower children of <mask> sett downe by Samuell <mask> her husband" together with the "reasons movinge him thereunto accasioned by a peticon" of hers to the Lord Chief Justice of England and it is endorsed, "<mask>s Petition to the Lord Chief Justice ...the disposing of her children to Virginia dated 1622". Samuel goes on to state that, during the time the children were with the tenants, Katherine went there and engaged in a struggle to take her children back: "Katharine went to the tenants dwelling where her children had been sequestered, and in a hail of murderous oaths, did teare the cloathes from their backes". There were at least twelve actions recorded between December 1619 and 8 July 1620, when it was finally dismissed. The statement details that, soon after the denial of the appeal on 8 July 1620, the children were transported from Shipton to London by a cousin of <mask> and given into the care of Thomas Weston, "…and delivered to Philemon Powell who was intreated to deliver them to John Carver and Robert Cushman undertakers for the associats [sic] of John Peers [Pierce] for the plantacon [sic] of Virginia" in whose home they would be staying while awaiting ship boarding.Thomas Weston and Philemon Powell were both poor choices, and Thomas Weston especially was quite disreputable. Soon thereafter, Powell would become a convicted smuggler and Weston an enemy of the Crown. As the agent of the Merchant Adventurer investment group that was funding the Puritan voyage, Bradford states that Weston caused them many financial and agreement contract problems, both before and after the Mayflower sailed. Weston's Puritan contacts for the voyage were John Carver and Robert Cushman who jointly agreed to find the children guardians among the Mayflower passengers. Carver and Cushman were agents from the Puritans to oversee preparations for the voyage with Robert Cushman's title being Chief Agent, from 1617 until his death in 1625. Within several weeks of the More children's arrival in London, and without their mother <mask>'s knowledge or approval, they were placed in the care of others on the Mayflower, bound for New England. After the Mayflower sailed, Katherine made another attempt to challenge the decision through the courts.It was this legal action in early 1622 before Chief Justice James Ley which led to the statement from Samuel explaining where he sent the children and why, the historical evidence for <mask>'s early history. Samuel in the aftermath
<mask> continued to act as secretary to Edward la Zouche and on 11 June 1625, he married Elizabeth Worsley, daughter of <mask>, Esq. of Deeping Gate (in Maxey) in Northamptonshire and cousin to Lord Zouche's second wife, although he was only separated not divorced from <mask> and neither party was allowed to remarry during the lifetime of the other. In February 1626, <mask> obtained a royal pardon, possibly to protect himself against accusations of adultery. It is not known if Katherine was still alive at the time of his second marriage. Mayflower voyage

<mask> and his siblings departed Plymouth, England on the Mayflower 6 September 1620 (Old Style), dangerously late in the season. They endured a rough three months at sea in cramped and unsanitary conditions, eventually landing at Cape Cod Hook (Provincetown Harbor) on 11 November 1620 (Old Style).A number of colonists travelled as indentured servants on the Mayflower. Exactly what explanation was given for the More children's presence is not known, but many homeless waifs from the streets of London were sent to the New World as labourers. The More children were assigned as servants and wards of three adult passengers, as follows:

 Elinor <mask>, <mask>, age 8, assigned as a servant of Edward Winslow. She died in November 1620 soon after the arrival of the Mayflower at Cape Cod Harbor. Her burial place is unknown and may have been ashore on Cape Cod similarly to her brother Jasper several weeks later. With many others who died that winter, her name appears on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb, Cole's Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts. <mask>, age 7, servant of John Carver.He died of a 'common infection' in Dec. 1620 while the Mayflower was in Cape Cod Harbor. He was buried ashore in what is now the Provincetown area. Provincetown has a memorial plaque with his name and that of four others 'who died at sea while the ship lay at Cape Cod Harbor' in Nov./Dec. 1620. <mask>, age 4, assigned as a servant of William Brewster. She died sometime in the winter of 1620/1621. Her burial place is unknown, but may have been on Cole's Hill in Plymouth in an unmarked grave as with many others buried there that winter.She is mentioned on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb in Plymouth, misidentified after Ellen's name as "and a brother (children)" – the statement coming from William Bradford's failing memory years after the event of her death. <mask>, age 6, servant of William Brewster. He resided with the Brewster family until about mid-1627 when his term of indentureship expired. This is about the time that his name appears, at age 14, in a census as a member of the Brewster family, in what was called then 'New Plimouth'. By 1628, <mask> was in the employ of Pilgrim Isaac Allerton, who was engaged in trans-Atlantic trading. <mask>'s life in the New World
<mask> was six years old when the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Colony. Immediately upon setting foot on land, he would have worked with all of the others to help gather supplies for food and shelter as well as to bury the dead after the epidemic, which would ultimately leave half of the original passengers dead.In the spring of 1621, he would have attended what has now become known as the first Thanksgiving. In 1627, at the age of 14, <mask> is recorded as living at Plymouth Colony. Nothing is known of <mask> during his years living with the Brewster family from 1620 to 1627, except that his name is on a document concerning the division of cattle and other livestock, and that he lived in Salem. In 1635 he is listed as arriving from England on the Blessing, which had sailed from London to Massachusetts Bay. The purpose of this journey to London is unknown. At some point, <mask> went to work for Allerton as an apprentice. Under Allerton's apprenticeship, he fished in various locations around Plymouth and Maine, working as crew, and at some point he would become captain of the ships that supplied the new American colonies.On 20 April 1636 <mask> married Christian Hunter who had been a passenger with him on the

masks:
Richard More
Richard
More
Samuel More
Jasper More
Samuel More
Katherine More
Samuel More
More
Richard
Richard
More
Richard
Richard More
Katherine More
Jasper More
Richard More
Richard
Jasper More
Samuel More
Richard
Samuel More
Samuel More
Richard
Katherine More
Jasper More
Samuel More
Richard
Katherine More
More
Katherine More
Samuel More
Katherine More
Richard More
Samuel More
Richard Worsley
Katherine More
Samuel More
Richard More
More
Ellen More
Jasper More
Mary More
Richard More
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard More


text_chunks:
 Blessing They lived at Duxbury for a time before moving to Salem. <mask> worked as a retainer and a labourer for <mask>, another passenger from the Blessing who was Christian's guardian and step-father. By early 1642, <mask> joined the Salem church. As a member, he would be allowed a voice and a vote in Salem affairs. <mask> had his first two sons, Samuel and <mask>, baptised. By about 1640s, and by the age of twenty-four, <mask> would have been addressed as Captain of his own ketch and is known to have traded with the colonies, the West Indies, and  England. He had sold his twenty acres in Duxbury and moved himself and his family to Salem Neck.He applied for a permit and set up his own fishing stand. Since drinking water was scarce, <mask> dug a well on common ground for himself and others to use. He traded tobacco and other merchandise and supplies with Virginia and the West Indies, and made voyages to England. In 1653, he served with his ship in an unsuccessful expedition against the Dutch settlement on the Hudson (later to become New York). In 1653, Captain <mask> was paid for ye Dutch expedition. Beginning in 1654, for two consecutive years, he took part in two attacks by sea against the French, who were threatening New England's fishing and maritime trade in the lower Hudson River region. In 1654, <mask> served in a successful combined English and New England expedition against the French at Port Royal, the principal settlement of the French colony of Acadia, now Nova Scotia.<mask> was at Port Royal, Nova Scotia, when the French fort was reduced to English Obedience in 1654, and from thence a bell was later brought to Salem in Capt. Moor's Ketch. Thus <mask> contributed to the foundations of New England's maritime greatness. During this time, <mask> received land at Plymouth as an "Ancient Freemen". The land was granted by the General Court and purchased from the Indians. He obtained lots near the Fall River and was one of the purchasers of lots in Swansea. In 1673, he sold land at Mattapoisett (he is referred to as) he of Massachusetts Colony on 1 March 1667/8; and formerly of Plymouth and now of Salem sold lots in Swansea and Sepecan on 30 August 1673.The Staple Act of 1663, which stated, among other things, that the shipping of European goods to the colonies except through England or Wales was forbidden, forced hard times upon both colonial ship captains and the colonists. The restrictions threatened the very survival of the colonists and, to survive, the captains had to be extremely creative in their shipping manifests. The Navigation Acts, along with the continued taxation of the colonies into the next century, brought about the growth of isolationism, which eventually resulted in the American Revolution. In 1665, <mask> rescued the colonists at the newly established colony at Cape Fear. The ship that was supposed to bring supplies failed to arrive and, consequently, the people were dying of starvation and the lack of adequate protection against the weather. It was an extremely hazardous area for ships but, upon learning of the situation, <mask> brought a shipment of food and supplies to aid the desperate colonists. When <mask>'s old sailing friend, <mask>, was murdered, he took on the responsibility of Starr's three children.In his fifty years as a mariner <mask> had never lost a vessel, nor had any sailor brought charges against him. <mask> served alongside Joseph Dudley during the Great Swamp Fight in December 1675, a massacre of the Narragansett people living around Narragansett Bay. Reverend Nicholas Noyes was a man whom <mask> knew well and would become directly involved with in his later life. Noyes was the same man who would lead the campaign against the so-called witches of Salem. In later life, <mask> suffered from financial hardship. On 1 July 1688, he was brought before the Salem church elders for 'gross unchastity with another man's wife'. The elders had spoken to him privately on several occasions as <mask> represented a member of the Ancient Days and they wanted to maintain a special place in their history.He was publicly sanctioned and excommunicated from the church. <mask> accepted the judgment and made a public repentance and, according to documents, was restored to the church in 1691. According to David Lindsay, historian and author, the pastor who punished him was Reverend Nicholas Noyes. <mask> is buried in Salem. There is documentary evidence that he was alive in 1694 and dead in 1696. His gravestone gives an age of 84, but he deposed in 1684 that he was  indicating he was unsure of his birth date. The gravestone in the old Salem burial ground gives a date of 1692.Marriages
<mask> married three times:

 Christian Hunter on 20 October 1636 in Plymouth Colony. She was born ca. 1615 in possibly Southwold, Suffolk, England, and  was baptised there on 13 August 1615 at (possibly) St Edmund's Church. She died on 18 March 1676 in Salem, Massachusetts. Her parents were Thomas Hunter (d.1623/7) and Susan Gentleman. She came to America in 1635 on the ship Blessing with her mother and step-father <mask>. Elizabeth Woolnough on 23 October 1645 in St Dunstan's, Stepney, London.The record of that event notes that "<mask> of Salem, Mariner" married Elizabeth Woolnough of Limehouse district, London. The Stepney parish register states that Elizabeth was the daughter of Benjamin Woolnough, having been baptised in St Dunstan's on 21 December 1623. Benjamin Woolnough was a trans-Atlantic ship captain, sailing to Virginia. The last time that Elizabeth's name appears on documents is on 7 April 1646, the day after <mask> failed to appear at the Kings Session for Peace, when she identified herself to the High Court of Admiralty as "Elizabeth, wife of <mask> of Stepney." Her appearance in court was to answer a charge against <mask>, who had probably fled the country, for being intoxicated in the company of a woman of easy virtue as well as a child of about eight years, thought to have been his daughter Elizabeth. There is no evidence that Elizabeth Woolnough ever came to America. No further record.Jane Hollingsworth Crumpton. Born c. 1631. Died 5/8 October 1686 in Salem, Massachusetts. Married before 23 May 1678 in Salem, Massachusetts. Daughter of <mask>. Hollingsworth, Sr. and Susan Gentleman Woodbury Hunter Hollingsworth. She was the widow of Samuel Crumpton, who was killed by Indians in 1675. Children
<mask> and Christian Hunter had seven children:
<mask>, baptised 6 March 1642 in Salem, Mass.Died after March 1677. Married Sarah . <mask>, baptised 6 March 1642 in Salem, Mass. Died after 25 November 1692. <mask>, baptised 31 March 1643/4 in Salem, Mass. Died 4 January 1678/9 in Salem, Mass. <mask> (jr.), baptised 2 January 1647/8 in Salem, Mass.Died 1 May 1696. Married Sarah __. 6 children – 3 sons, 2 daughters and 1 unknown. <mask>, baptised 3 March 1646 in Salem, Mass. Died between 1660–1675. Susanna <mask>, baptised 12 May 1650 in Salem, Mass. Died after 30 October 1728 in Salem, Mass.Married (1) c.1675 Samuel Dutch, (2) c.1694 <mask> (3) 1714 John Knowlton. She had 4 daughters with Samuel Dutch. <mask>, baptised 5 September 1652 in Salem, Mass. Died 30 May 1680 in Salem, Mass. Married 31 Aug 1676 Joshua Conant. 1 son. <mask> and Elizabeth Woolnough had one daughter:
<mask>, born ca.1638 in probably London, about 7–8 years prior to her parents' marriage in 1645. She was baptised at St Dunstan's Church, Stepney, London on 2 March 1646, five months after her parents' marriage in 1645. Nothing more is known about her other than a record of an "<mask>", of about her age, appearing briefly in Salem about 1660, and marrying a local shipwright named <mask>. They soon after moved to Long Island where they appeared at Southampton, Long Island in 1661, as husband and wife. Death and burial

According to the Mayflower Society records, he died in Salem after 19 March 1693/4, but before 20 April 1696. There is documentary evidence that he was alive in 1694 and dead in 1696. His gravestone gives an age of 84, but it is more likely that <mask> was unsure of his birth date.The gravestone in the old Salem burial ground gives a date of 1692. But the date, and additional words 'a Mayflower pilgrim', were added at some point between 1901 and 1919, and provoked some outraged reaction in the local press. <mask> is buried in what was known as the Charter Street Burial Ground but is now the Burying Point/Charter Street Cemetery in Salem, Massachusetts. He is the only Mayflower passenger to have his gravestone still where it was originally placed sometime in the mid-1690s. Also buried nearby in the same cemetery were his two wives, Christian Hunter <mask> and Jane (Crumpton) <mask>. If the 1696 date is correct, <mask> was the last surviving male passenger of the Mayflower, which would have left Mary Allerton, daughter of Pilgrim Isaac Allerton, as the last survivor altogether. She died 28 November 1699.Edward III, King of England married 1328 Philippa of Hainault
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence married 1342 Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster
Philippa Plantagenet (of Clarence) 5th Countess of Ulster married c. 1338 Sir Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March
Elizabeth de Mortimer married 1379 Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy
Elizabeth Percy married c.1404 Sir John Clifford 7th Lord Clifford
Thomas Clifford 8th Lord Clifford married 1424 Joan (Jane) Dacre
Sir Edmund Sutton married Maud (Matilda) Clifford after 1460 Sir Edmund Sutton
Dorothy Sutton married c. 1473 <mask>, Esq. Jane (Joan) Wrottesley married c. 1500–10 <mask>, Esq. Margaret Cressett married c. 1535 <mask>, Esq. <mask>, Esq. married 1572 Elizabeth Smale (Small)
<mask> married 1611 <mask> Esq. <mask>

<mask> and his siblings are the only Mayflower passengers with proven, extensive and well-documented royal ancestry from ancient Britain. The <mask> family in history

It was only in 1959 that Sir <mask> discovered a trunk in his attic, which contained a document dated 1622 that gave, first, an explanation of an episode in the <mask> family history, and secondly, explained a mystery that had long intrigued genealogists of Mayflower history.The document was a sworn submission by <mask> to the Lord Chief Justice in which he explained his disposition of the four <mask> children. Previously, those four children were assumed to have been orphans, plucked from the streets of London: "homeless waifs from the streets of London taken out to the New World to be used as labor". This document revealed the tragic family circumstances that caused <mask> to take the children from their home at Larden Hall in Shipton, and send them away to America on the Mayflower without their mother's knowledge or consent. <mask>'s daughter, Susanna (<mask>), first married Samuel Dutch in about 1675. It is only through their one surviving child (Susanna Dutch) that descendants of <mask> of the Mayflower can be traced to the present. Centuries later, while excavating just outside a place where the Plymouth barricades stood, a metal spoon was found with <mask>'s initials carved into it. <mask> descendants recognised by the Mayflower Society are estimated presently to be only about 100 members.References

Sources
 Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants
 The Mayflower Society
 Mayflower Bastard: A Stranger amongst the Pilgrims, by David Lindsay, (New York: St. Martins Press, 2002),
 The Mayflower Descendant. Donald Harris, PhD., (Boston: Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants), published in vol. 43, (July 1993), and vol. 44, (January & July 1994). "The Origin of the Mayflower Children: Jasper, <mask> and <mask>." Anthony R. Wagner. C.V.O., D. Litt.FASG, Richmond Herald, College of Arms, London, England. (Boston: The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, July 1960), vol. 114
 The London Times. 30 June 1959. pp. 163–168. Anthony R. Wagner. C.V.O., D. Litt.FASG, Richmond Herald, College of Arms, London, England. Further reading

Fictional publications
 A Spurious Brood by Phil Revell. Pub: Ascribe Publications; 2011 (www.philrevell.co.uk)
 The Mayflower Children by Phil Revell. Pub: Ascribe Publications; 2011

External links
Shropshire's Mayflower Children

1614 births
1690s deaths
Year of death uncertain
Mayflower passengers
People from Shropshire
Burials at Charter Street Cemetery (Salem,

masks:
Richard
Richard Hollingsworth
Richard
Richard
Thomas More
Richard
Richard
More
Richard More
Captain More
Richard More
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard Starr
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard More
Richard More
Richard Hollingsworth
Richard Moore
Richard More
Richard Moore
More
Richard L
Richard More
Samuel More
Thomas More
Caleb More
Richard More
Joshua More
More
Richard Hutton
Christian More
Richard More
Elizabeth More
Elizabeth More
Richard Clarke
Richard
Richard More
More
More
Richard More
Richard Wrottesley
Richard Cressett
Thomas More
Jasper More
Katherine More
Samuel More
Richard More
Richard More
More
Jasper More
More
Samuel More
More
Samuel More
Richard
More
Richard More
Richard
Richard More
Richard
Ellen More