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<mask>  (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor. He studied at the Juilliard School and began acting on stage in the 1970s. <mask> made his film debut in 1980 as a troubled scientist in Ken Russell's science-fiction feature Altered States, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year. In 1981 he played a leading role, as a lawyer who succumbs to the temptations of Kathleen Turner, in the neo-noir Body Heat. He played another leading role, as Arkady Renko, in Gorky Park (1983). <mask> garnered three consecutive nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor, for Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985), Children of a Lesser God (1986), and Broadcast News (1987), winning for the first of these. <mask> remained an active stage actor throughout the 1980s, appearing in Off-Broadway productions including Henry V, Fifth of July, Richard II and A Midsummer Night's Dream.<mask> received his first Tony Award nomination in 1985 for the Broadway production of Hurlyburly. After a variety of character roles in the following decade, <mask> earned his fourth Academy Award nomination for his supporting performance in David Cronenberg's crime thriller A History of Violence (2005). Other notable recent films include A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), The Village (2004), Syriana (2005), The Good Shepherd (2006), Mr. Brooks (2007), Into the Wild (2007), Robin Hood (2010), and the Marvel Cinematic Universe films, in which he portrays Thaddeus Ross. Early life and education
<mask> was born March 20, 1950, in Washington, D.C., the son of Claire Isabel (née McGill; 1923–1971), who worked at Time Inc., and Alfred McChord <mask> (1910–1996), who worked for the United States Agency for International Development and State Department. He has two brothers. With his father, he lived in Lahore, Mogadishu and Khartoum.After his parents divorced, his mother married Henry Luce III (1925–2005), a son of publisher Henry Luce, during <mask>'s childhood. <mask> attended the Middlesex School, where he was vice president of the Dramatics Club and had the lead role in several school plays. He graduated in 1968 and his yearbook predicted, "you might even see him on Broadway." <mask> attended Tufts University and studied theology, but turned instead to acting and joined the Juilliard School (Drama Division Group 5: 1972–1976). Two of his classmates there were Christopher Reeve and <mask>. Career
<mask> began his career in stage productions, only later acting in films. From 1977 to 1989, he was a member of the acting company at Circle Repertory Company.He won an Obie Award for his debut appearance there in Corinne Jacker's My Life, and won a 1978 Theatre World Award for his performances in Fifth of July, Ulysses in Traction, and Lulu. In 1979, <mask> played Hamlet under the direction of Marshall W. Mason opposite Lindsay Crouse and Beatrice Straight. His first major film role was in the science-fiction film Altered States where his performance as an obsessed scientist gained him wide recognition. His performance with Richard Crenna, Ted Danson and newcomer Kathleen Turner in Lawrence Kasdan's neo-noir classic Body Heat elevated <mask> to stardom, and he later also co-starred in Kasdan’s The Big Chill (1983). He appeared in the thriller Gorky Park opposite Lee Marvin. He received the Best Male Performance Prize at the Cannes Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best Actor for Kiss of the Spider Woman in 1985. He has received three additional Oscar nominations: Best Actor for Children of a Lesser God (1986) and Broadcast News (1987; he was thus nominated for Best Actor for three consecutive years) and Best Supporting Actor for A History Of Violence (2005).<mask> also starred in Tuck Everlasting as Angus Tuck. Often cast as an intellectual, <mask> has starred as such in films such as Lost in Space, but has also been effective in other kinds of role, as in I Love You to Death and David Cronenberg's psychological drama A History of Violence (2005), where in less than 10 minutes of screen time he plays the creepy mob boss, Richie Cusack. Also in 2005, <mask> played a mysterious government operative in Stephen Gaghan's ensemble drama about the politics of big oil, Syriana. <mask> was in the miniseries adaptation of Stephen King's Nightmares and Dreamscapes, in a piece entitled Battleground (also notable for its complete lack of dialogue). He plays Renshaw, a hitman who receives a package from the widow of a toymaker he had killed, unaware of what is waiting inside for him. He appeared in the cast of Vanya, an adaptation of Chekhov's Uncle Vanya, at the Artists Repertory Theatre in Portland, Oregon. In June 2007, Marvel Studios announced that <mask> would portray General Thaddeus Ross in the 2008 film The Incredible Hulk alongside Edward Norton, Liv Tyler and Tim Roth.<mask> reprised his role in Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Black Widow (2021). He appeared in Sean Penn's film Into the Wild, the true story of Christopher McCandless. He appeared as President Henry Ashton in the 2008 action-thriller Vantage Point. <mask> also played Mr. Brooks's alter ego in Mr. Brooks starring Kevin Costner. In 2009, <mask> became a series regular on the FX series Damages playing a corporate whistleblower opposite Glenn Close and Marcia Gay Harden. For his role in the series, <mask> earned a 2009 Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the "Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series" category. <mask>'s 2009 Sundance film The Yellow Handkerchief was released in theaters on February 26, 2010, by Samuel Goldwyn Films.He was in the Thailand-based 2011 thriller Hellgate alongside Cary Elwes and Paula Taylor, directed by John Penney. In September 2010, <mask> played United States Secretary of the Treasury Henry Paulson in the HBO film Too Big to Fail, an adaptation of Andrew Ross Sorkin's book. He also starred as Captain Ahab in the 2011 television adaptation of Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick. In 2018, he was cast as the lead in The Coldest Game (2019), but after he was injured in an off-set accident, he was replaced by Bill Pullman. Personal life
<mask> was married to Mary Beth <mask> from 1971 to 1982. In the 1980s he was involved in a lawsuit with Sandra Jennings. While he was still married, <mask> and Jennings had begun a relationship in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1981.Jennings became pregnant in the spring of 1982, which precipitated <mask>'s divorce from Mary Beth <mask>, after which <mask> and Jennings relocated to South Carolina, a state that recognized common-law marriages. <mask> and Jennings remained officially unmarried and later separated. Jennings sued him in New York, seeking recognition of their relationship as a common-law marriage under South Carolina law. The New York court did not recognize common-law marriage, was reluctant to recognize a common-law marriage originating in South Carolina, and found in <mask>'s favor that no common-law marriage existed. <mask> dated Marlee Matlin for one year, and they cohabited for two years. In 1986, after Matlin won the Academy Award for Best Actress for Children of a Lesser God, <mask> reportedly asked her to consider what it meant to win the Oscar after just one film, when others won only after many years of hard work. "What makes you think you deserved it, Marlee?"<mask> allegedly asked her in the limousine after the ceremony. In her 2009 autobiography I'll Scream Later, Matlin said that their relationship involved considerable drug abuse and physical abuse by <mask>. In response to the accusations aired on CNN on April 13, 2009, <mask>'s agent declined to respond, but <mask> issued a statement the following day, which said: "My own recollection is that we both apologized and both did a great deal to heal our lives. Of course, I did and do apologize for any pain I caused. And I know we have both grown. I wish Marlee and her family nothing but good." <mask> has four children: one with Jennings, two with Heidi Henderson, and one with French actress, film director and screenwriter Sandrine Bonnaire.<mask> is a private pilot and owner of a Beechcraft Bonanza. He is fluent in French and maintains a home outside Paris. It was announced in May 2018 that <mask> had terminal prostate cancer that spread to the bone. Filmography

Film

Television

Audiobook narration

References

External links

 Comprehensive career-overview interview with <mask>

1950 births
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male stage actors
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Best Actor BAFTA Award winners
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor winners
David di Donatello winners
Juilliard School alumni
Living people
Male actors from Washington, D.C.
Tufts University alumni
Middlesex School alumni

masks:
William McChord Hurt
Hurt
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Hurt
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Robin Williams
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William Hurt


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<mask>  <mask> (10 March 1916 – 6 December 2004) was an Indian Urdu poet, scholar, and author of over 80 books in several languages. He was also an Indian independence activist, lawyer and later, a civil servant, but is best known for his work in Urdu literature. He was an authority on marsiyago poetry of Uttar Pradesh, including the poets Mir Anis and Mirza Ghalib, and wrote on both poetry and prose, including research and analytical works. He has received several awards for his contributions to literature and other fields. Early life and education

<mask> was born in the village Karhan, Uttar Pradesh, then in Azamgarh district (now Mau district) in eastern Uttar Pradesh, the eldest of six children in a zamindar family of Mohammadabad-Gohna, Azamgarh. He was born at his maternal grandfather's home in Karhan. Belonging to a Saiyid family and being the eldest son in his family, he was sent to the local Arabic madarsa to gain education and proficiency in Islamic theology and religious matters.When <mask> was 11 years old, his father died. His early formal education took place in Mahmudabad, the princely state. He then graduated from Government Jubilee College, Lucknow and an LLB from Lucknow University). Indian independence activism

During his graduation and later while doing his LLB, he came into contact with leaders of the Indian independence movement, which he joined in the late 1930s. He wrote revolutionary poetry while he led the student's movement along with other student leaders such as Shankar Dayal Sharma, who later went on to become the president of India. His poetry drew praise from Sarojini Naidu, and he was subsequently elected as the secretary-general of the All India Student's Federation. He remained the secretary-general of the All India Students Federation during the Quit India Movement (1942) launched by Mahatma Gandhi.His poems were proscribed by the British Colonial Government for inciting rebellion against the British Raj. The British government issued an arrest warrant in order to stop him from organising student rallies and mobilising students against the Raj. He continued his work underground, organising students throughout India. He was later arrested at Nagpur, and was sentenced to jail for anti-British activity and sent to serve his term at the Nagpur Central Prison and later transferred to the Benares Central Jail. He was laid to rest at the Malka Jahan burial grounds, Lucknow, India, with full state honours provided to an Indian freedom fighter. Government service

With India's independence, <mask> ended his active involvement in politics. He joined the Information Department of the Government of Uttar Pradesh and was a deputy director there until he was inducted into the Indian Information Service and posted to Srinagar.Although he had taken up Government Service for a full-time job, and chosen that as a career, he remained active in arts and cultural activities in Jammu and Kashmir, organising and conducting the annual Kashmir festival during the summer months. He was appointed as the secretary general of the Society of Arts and Culture, Government of Jammu and Kashmir. In the early 1960s he was transferred to Delhi and posted with the Press Information Bureau in Delhi and Mumbai. His final posting was in Tehran and he retired from active Government service as Joint Director, News Services, All India Radio in August 1978. <mask> was a secularist and nationalist. He was a member of the Inder Kumar Gujral Committee for promotion of Urdu. He also worked as the editor of Naya Daur, an Urdu monthly digest, and Al-Ilm, a monthly published from Mumbai.Naya Daur ran a series on his memoirs on a monthly basis for a time, as well as a special issue in his memory of <mask> <mask> (Nov/Dec issue, 2004) after his death. He also did some translation work (into English) for the Sahitya Akademi. He travelled extensively in India and abroad, often working with heads of state and other high-ranking officials. He was friends with Darshan Singh of the Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission. Writing career

Throughout his years with the government, Zaidi continued writing. Seven of his books have won State Government Awards. He was the author of over 80 books in Urdu, English, Hindi and Persian.Many of his works are now reference material for research students. He has been the subject of research scholars, and Doctor of Philosophy degrees have been awarded to four students for research done on his life and works. He was president of the Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy, Lucknow and as the president of the Zainabbiya Institute of Islamic Studies, Mumbai, and was on the board of Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi and the Sangeet and Natya Akademi, New Delhi and other social, literary and cultural organizations. He was also an advisor to the Government of Uttar Pradesh. His books are included in the U.S. Library of Congress. Amongst his notable works are Qasida Nigaran-e-Uttar Pradesh (in 2 Volumes), Uttar Pradesh ke Marsiyago (in 2 Volumes) & Do Adabi School, which have been published in Urdu-speaking Pakistan as well. These books along with his History of Urdu Literature (English), Mirza Ghalib – Ek Parichay (Hindi), Mir Anis, are unique in their approaches to their subjects.<mask> was a member of the progressive Urdu literature movement, other members of which included <mask> Jafri and Kaifi Azmi. His poetic contemporaries included Majaz, Faiz, and Qurratulain Hyder. He was also a member of the Committee for Promotion of Urdu (appointed by the Government of India Resolution No. F. 15-25/72-L. 1 dated 5 May 1972)

Confined to his home in Lucknow due to poor health and failing eyesight during his last years, he wrote using an amanuensis. He died on 6 December 2004. Awards
The Government of India conferred on him the Padma Shri in recognition of his contributions to Urdu literature. (1988), He also received a Tamra Patra award for his role in the freedom movement, and the Ghalib award

Other awards included:
 Anis Award in recognition of Expertise on Mir Anis
 Ghalib Award in recognition of Expertise on Mirza Ghalib
 Certificate of Honour presented by The Rotary Club, Lucknow
 Awards presented to his various books by Governments and Literary Organizations are marked in the list of his books below.In 1987, Zaidi asked government bodies and literary organizations not to consider his works for awards. The Jawad Memorial Prize was instituted in his remembrance in 2019 for awarding outstanding translations of Urdu works to English. List of published books

(Books marked by an ‘*’ are award-winning books) authored by Saiyid <mask> Zaidi
Meri Gazalain 					1959	* Poetry
Teesha-e-Awaaz 					1985	   Poetry
Uttar Pradesh Ke Marsiyago					   Research
Do Adbi School					1970	* Critical Analysis
Naath Nigari Uttar Pradesh mein				   Research & analysis
Zabt Shuda Nazmein					   Collection of Proscribed Poems
Urdu Main Qaumi Shairi Ke Sau Saal		1957	   Criticism & analysis
History of Urdu Literature				1993	   Research & Analysis
Mir Anis (Tr. 1975	   Report

<mask> himself has been the subject of research in several publications:

 <mask> Jawad Zaidi, by Saikh Abdur Rehman, 1999
 <mask> <mask>, Hindustan Adab ke Mehmur, Sahitya Acedemy, by Wazahat Hussain Rizvi, 2012
 Naya Daur, Shumara Number-008,009, by Wazahat Hussain Rizvi
 <mask>ad Zaidi aur sheeraza Kashmir (research), presented at Ali Jawad Zaidi - Fun aur shakshiyat; by Dr. Mohd. Rashid Azeez

References

External links
 https://www.scribd.com/document/231817656/App-Say-Miley-Pensketches-<mask>-Zaidi-Dehli-1963 (By Rashid Ashraf)

Internet searches should also include "Ali Javad Zaidi" as some people mistakenly spell the Jawad as Javad. Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
People from Uttar Pradesh
People from Mau
University of Lucknow alumni
Indian Muslims
1916 births
2004 deaths

masks:
Syed Ali Jawad
Zaidi
Zaidi
Zaidi
Zaidi
Zaidi
Ali Jawad
Zaidi
Zaidi
Ali Sardar
Ali Jawad
Zaidi
Ali
Ali Jawad
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Ali Jawad


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<mask>, 4th Earl of Clarendon,  (12 January 180027 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family. He thrice served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, as part of a distinguished diplomatic career. He was the leading British representative at the Congress of Paris which ended the Crimean War. Background and education
Villiers was born in London, the son of <mask> and Theresa Parker. He went up to Cambridge at the early age of sixteen and entered St John's College on 29 June 1816. In 1820, as the eldest son of an earl's brother with royal descent, he was able to take his MA degree under the statutes of the university then in force. Career
In the same year, he was appointed attaché to the British embassy at Saint Petersburg.There he remained three years, and gained practical knowledge of diplomacy which would be of use to him later in his life. He had "received from nature a singularly handsome person, a polished and engaging address, a ready command of languages, and a remarkable power of composition". Upon his return to England in 1823, he was appointed to a commissionership of customs, an office which he retained for about ten years. In 1831, he was despatched to France to negotiate a commercial treaty, which however was fruitless. Minister in Spain
On 16 August 1833, he was appointed minister at the court of Spain. Ferdinand VII died within a month of his arrival at Madrid, and the infant queen Isabella, then in the third year of her age, was placed on her contested throne, based on the old Spanish custom of female inheritance. Don Carlos, the late king's brother, claimed the crown by virtue of the Salic law of the House of Bourbon which Ferdinand had renounced before the birth of his daughter.Isabella II and her mother Christina, the queen regent, became the representatives of constitutional monarchy, Don Carlos of Catholic absolutism. The conflict which had divided the despotic and the constitutional powers of Europe since the French Revolution of 1830 broke out into civil war in Spain, and by the Quadruple Treaty, signed on 22 April 1834, France and England pledged themselves to the defence of the constitutional thrones of Spain and Portugal. For six years Villiers continued to give the most active and intelligent support to the Liberal government of Spain. He was accused, though unjustly, of having favoured the revolution of La Granja, which drove Christina, the queen mother, out of the kingdom, and raised Espartero to the regency. He undoubtedly supported the chiefs of the Liberal party, such as Espartero, against the intrigues of the French court; but the object of the British government was to establish the throne of Isabella on a truly national and liberal basis and to avert those complications, dictated by foreign influence, which eventually proved so fatal to that princess. Slavery was intended to be illegal in Spanish colonies from 1820, but this was not working. Villiers worked with the help of the Times correspondent David Turnbull to get slavery removed from Spanish colonies.In 1835 the Spanish reaffirmed their commitments. Succession to the Earldom, Offices of State in Britain
Villiers received the Grand Cross of the Bath in 1838 in acknowledgment of his services, and succeeded, on the death of his uncle, to the title of Earl of Clarendon; in the following year, having left Madrid, he married a young widow, Lady Katharine Foster-Barham (née Grimston), eldest daughter of James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam. In January 1840 he entered Lord Melbourne's Whig administration as Lord Privy Seal, and from the death of Lord Holland in the autumn of that year Lord <mask> also held the office of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster until the dissolution of the ministry in 1841. Deeply convinced that the maintenance of a cordial understanding with France was the most essential condition of peace and of a liberal policy in Europe, he reluctantly concurred in the measures proposed by Lord Palmerston for the expulsion of the Mohammed Ali of Egypt from Syria; he strenuously advocated, with Lord Holland, a more conciliatory policy towards France; and he was only restrained from sending in his resignation by the dislike he felt to break up a cabinet he had so recently joined. The interval of Sir Robert Peel's administration (1841–1846) was to the leaders of the Whig party a period of repose; but Lord <mask> took a strong interest in the triumph of the principles of free trade and in the repeal of the Corn Laws, of which his brother, Charles Pelham Villiers, had been one of the earliest champions. For this reason, upon the formation of Lord John Russell's first administration, Lord <mask> accepted the office of President of the Board of Trade. As Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Twice in his career the governor-generalship of India was offered him, and once the governor-generalship of Canada; these he refused from reluctance to withdraw from the politics of Europe.In 1847, the desire of the cabinet was to abolish the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland, and Lord <mask> was prevailed upon to accept that office, with a view to transform it into an Irish secretaryship of state. He arrived during the second year of the Great Famine. The crisis was one of extraordinary peril. Agrarian crimes had increased threefold. The Catholic clergy were openly disaffected. Extraordinary measures were required to retain the control by the Westminster government. The French Revolution of 1848 let loose fresh elements of discord, which culminated in an abortive insurrection, and for a lengthened period Ireland was a prey to more than her wonted symptoms of disaffection and disorder.Lord <mask> remained viceroy of Ireland till 1852. His services were expressly acknowledged in the queen's speech to both Houses of Parliament in September 1848—this being the first time that any civil services obtained that honour; and he was made a Knight of the Garter (retaining also the grand cross of the Bath by special order) on 23 March 1849. Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

Upon the formation of the coalition ministry between the Whigs and the Peelites, in 1853, under Lord Aberdeen, Lord <mask> became Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The country was already "drifting" into the Crimean War, an expression of his own which was never forgotten. <mask> was not responsible for the policy which brought war about; but when it occurred he employed every means in his power to stimulate and assist the war departments, and above all he maintained the closest relations with the French. The tsar Nicholas had speculated on the impossibility of the sustained joint action of France and England in council and in the field. It was mainly by Lord <mask> before the Siege of Sevastopol that such a combination was rendered practicable, and did eventually triumph over the enemy.The diplomatic conduct of such an alliance for three years between two great nations jealous of their military honour and fighting for no separate political advantage, tried by excessive hardships and at moments on the verge of defeat, was certainly one of the most arduous duties ever performed by a minister. The result was due in the main to the confidence with which Lord <mask> had inspired the emperor of the French, and to the affection and regard of the empress, whom he had known in Spain from her childhood. In 1856 Lord <mask> took his seat at the congress of Paris convoked for the restoration of peace, as first British plenipotentiary. It was the first time since the appearance of Lord Castlereagh at Vienna that a secretary of state for foreign affairs had been present in person at a congress on the continent. Lord <mask>'s first care was to obtain the admission of Piedmont-Sardinia to the council chamber as a belligerent power, and to raise the barrier which still excluded Prussia as a neutral one. But in the general anxiety of all the powers to terminate the war there was no small danger that the objects for which it had been undertaken would be abandoned or forgotten. It is due entirely to the firmness of Lord <mask> that the principle of the neutralization of the Black Sea was preserved, that the Russian attempt to trick the allies out of the cession in Bessarabia was defeated, and that the results of the war were for a time secured.The congress was eager to turn to other subjects, and perhaps the most important result of its deliberations was the celebrated Declaration of the Maritime Powers, which abolished privateering, defined the right of blockade, and limited the right of capture to enemy's property in enemy's ships. Lord <mask> has been accused of an abandonment of what are termed the belligerent rights of Great Britain, which were undoubtedly based on the old maritime laws of Europe. But he acted in strict conformity with the views of the British cabinet, and the British cabinet adopted those views because it was satisfied that it was not for the benefit of the country to adhere to practices which exposed the vast mercantile interests of Britain to depredation, even by the cruisers of a secondary maritime power, and which, if vigorously enforced against neutrals, could not fail to embroil her with every maritime state in the world. Upon the reconstitution of the Whig administration in 1859, Lord John Russell made it a condition of his acceptance of office under Lord Palmerston that the foreign department should be placed in his own hands, which implied that Lord <mask> should be excluded from office, as it would have been inconsistent alike with his dignity and his tastes to fill any other post in the government. The consequence was that from 1859 till 1864 Lord <mask> remained out of office, and the critical relations arising out of the Civil War in the United States were left to the guidance of <mask>. But he re-entered the cabinet in May 1864 as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; and upon the death of Lord Palmerston in 1865, Lord Russell again became prime minister, when Lord <mask> returned to the foreign office, which was again confided to him for the third time upon the formation of Gladstone's administration in 1868. He died surrounded by the boxes and papers of his office on 27 June 1870.Family

On 4 June 1839, Villiers married the widowed Lady Katherine Foster-Barham (a daughter of James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam) and they had eight children:

Lady Constance Villiers (1840–1922), married Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby. Lady Alice Villiers (1841–1897), married Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Earl of Lathom. Lady Emily Theresa (1843–1927), married Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill. Edward Hyde, Lord Hyde (1845–1846). Edward Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon (1846–1914). Hon. <mask> Hyde (1847–1892), married Louisa Maria Maquay, daughter of <mask> Maquay, on 9 October 1884.Lady Florence Margaret (1850–1851). Hon. Francis Hyde Villiers (1852–1925), married Virginia Katharine Smith, daughter of Eric Carrington Smith and Mary Maberly, on 28 June 1876. Notes

Further reading

 David Steele. "Villiers, <mask> Frederick, fourth earl of Clarendon" Dictionary of National Biography (2009)
 Cecil, Algernon. British Foreign Secretaries 1807-1916 (1927) pp 220–255. online
 Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell: The Life and letters of <mask> Frederick 4.Earl of Clarendon. London: Arnold, 1913. online
 <mask> <mask>: First report on the commercial relations between France and Great Britain, addressed to ... the lords of the committee of privy council for trade and plantations: with a supplementary report, by John Bowring. London, 1834

External links

1800 births
1870 deaths
4
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Knights of the Garter
Knights of St Patrick
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Liberal Party (UK) hereditary peers
Diplomatic peers
British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
Lords Privy Seal
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
<mask>, 4th Earl of Clarendon
Politicians from London
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Spain
Presidents of the Board of Trade

masks:
George William Frederick Villiers
George Villiers
Clarendon
Clarendon
Clarendon
Clarendon
Clarendon
Clarendon
Clarendon
Clarendonlan
Clarendon
Clarendon
Clarendon
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Clarendon
Earl Russell
Clarendon
George Patrick
George Disney
George William
George William
George Villiers
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George Villiers


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<mask> (born 11 November 1946) is a British fantasy illustrator and writer best known for his quirkily etched gothic style and macabre sensibility, and noted for his book and magazine cover and interior illustrations, including covers for books by H. P. Lovecraft and contributions to David Day's Tolkien-inspired compendiums, work for Fighting Fantasy gamebooks and various role-playing and wargaming publications, as well as contributions to the Ralph Bakshi films Wizards and Cool World. Early life

<mask> was born in 1946, and raised predominantly in London and Manchester. His mother, who encouraged the artistic vocation, was a theatrical milliner for one of the leading costumiers to the film industry, which, with cinema, he cites as an early inspiration:

As a child <mask> experimented with coloured pencils and poster paints producing images of Ancient Egyptians during something he refers to as his 'Ancient Egyptian Phase', followed later by an obsession with cowboys and Indians. At the age of nine <mask> attended Mortbane Academy for Boys in Invernesshire, Scotland, where he recalls regular painting expeditions to the surrounding countryside under the tutelage of the art master, nicknamed 'Old Dribble'. Between 1964 and 1967 he enrolled at Northwich School of Art, before embarking on a degree at Saint Martin's School of Art in London, where he began in sculpture before switching to painting, and graduating with honours in 1970. Shortly after this he was taken on by an agent and began working in London as a professional illustrator. Career

<mask>'s earliest work included magazine and book jacket illustrations, including a host of illustrations for paperback titles by H.P.Lovecraft, and work for Men Only and Club International.In 1975 and 1976 whilst <mask> was staying in San Francisco, he was approached by Ralph Bakshi and invited to contribute to the film Wizards. <mask> relocated to Los Angeles and worked on the animated movie, later citing it as an experience that left a profound impression upon him. He later went on to work on Bakshi's film Cool World in the 1980s, produce pre-production work for the film Shrek in the 1990s, and contribute designs and illustrations to the 2005 film MirrorMask. <mask> is well known for his work for the Fighting Fantasy gamebooks which rose to popularity in the mid-1980s, providing covers for early titles in the series like The Citadel of Chaos, House of Hell and Creature of Havoc. He has also contributed to the Games Workshop-published fantasy gaming periodical White Dwarf in which he was featured in an Illuminations exposé in issue 86, and provided numerous illustrations for various role-playing and war gaming books and supplements published by Games Workshop during the latter half of the 1980s, including the covers for Terror of the Lichmaster, Death on the Reik and Warhammer City for Warhammer, and a host of illustrations for the Realm of Chaos supplement and the first edition of
Warhammer 40,000. In the following decades <mask> went on to provide further illustrations for gaming lines published by other companies, including the Everway, Shadowrun, and Earthdawn RPGs. <mask> has illustrated cards for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game.<mask> is also noted for his Tolkien-inspired illustrations, and contributed to the lavishly illustrated A Tolkien Bestiary and Characters from Tolkien – A Bestiary, and has provided illustrations for British science fiction periodical Interzone and cover and interior images for SF titles like Alien Stories 2 by Dennis Pepper. A number of anthologies of <mask>'s work have been published over the years. His first, with James Slattery, The Green Dog Trumpet and Other Stories, was published by Dragon's Dream in 1979, and was followed by another, Secret Art, and a third, entitled Ratspike, co-authored with fellow illustrator and Games Workshop art director John Blanche and published by GW Books. <mask> has also produced imagery for two graphic novels, the first, The Luck in the Head, with writer M. John Harrison and a second with James Herbert called The City, as well as working on an unpublished third called Suzie Pellet. <mask> has exhibited frequently during his career in both solo shows and group exhibitions in Britain and internationally. Current projects include the production of a series of black and white panel drawings called Corpus Pandemonium, and a book called The Broken Novel, a reworked film project called The Confessions of Carrie Sphagnum, a set of Tarot cards, and a theatre project entitled The Shingle Dance. Style and technique

<mask>'s style is variously described as surreal, gothic and nightmarish or grotesque."Edgy and surreal, <mask> combines intelligent geometric exactness with a messy, fluid sense of what it means to be human." As fellow contemporary illustrator Patrick Woodroffe comments in the introduction to Blanche and <mask>'s Ratspike:

According to <mask>, his illustrations have a tendency to the 'frontalistic', and are also noted to often feature recurrent elements inspired by fishes, flies and robotic forms, and the gnarled haunting trees which he claims originated in an attempt to cover failures of draughtsmanship. Says <mask> of his work:

<mask> cites amongst his principal artistic influences Albrecht Dürer and Leonardo da Vinci, the German Expressionists and French Impressionists, as well as an early predilection for Japanese landscape artists. Other sources include the formative influence of writer Alfred Bester, and a love for the Flash Gordon RKO Radio serials, and his early exposure to the cinematic medium in general which he feels lent a narrative quality to his work, as well as, of course, the every day world itself:

<mask> has experimented with various media during his career, but has a preference for pencils, technical pens, watercolour, and charcoal. "I found self-expression with the pen – with oils it was quite the opposite." He also occasionally combines collage and photography into his pieces. His best-known published work has tended to be characterised by a trademark pen-and-ink and wash technique executed on line board and which he refers to as his 'Tight Pen Style', emphasising line detail and a restricted use of colour, something he views as a result of both short-sightedness and Northern European proclivities:

More recently he has taken to adding an Apple Macintosh computer to his range of tools.References

External links

Books illustrated by <mask> on Gamebooks.org
An article on <mask> in an Italian fantasy e-zine
Alien Stories 2 illustration on Google books
<mask>'s Geometrically Exact Surrealism at io9.com
The Art of <mask> on an arts blog
A selection of <mask>'s images on Sci-Fi-O-Rama
<mask>'s Gallery with biography and artbooks on Inside Your ART

1946 births
Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art
British comics artists
British graphic novelists
English illustrators
Fantasy artists
Fighting Fantasy
Living people
Game artists
Games Workshop artists
Role-playing game artists
Tolkien artists
BSFA Award for Best Artwork winner

masks:
Ian Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Ian Miller
Miller
Ian Miller
Ian Miller
Miller
Ian Miller


text_chunks:
<mask> (26 May 1826 – 27 November 1875) was an English amateur astronomer whose 1859 astronomical observations demonstrated the existence of solar flares as well as suggesting their electrical influence upon the Earth and its aurorae; and whose 1863 records of sunspot observations revealed the differential rotation of the Sun. Life
<mask> was born at Chelsea, the second son of <mask>, the proprietor of a large brewery at Brentford, and his wife Esther Clarke Aplin. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1844; but, though destined for the church, rather by his father's than by his own desire, his scientific tendencies gradually prevailed, and received a final impulse towards practical astronomy from Professor Challis's lectures on the subject. This change in the purpose of his life was unopposed, and he had the prospect of ample means; so that it was purely with the object of gaining experience that he applied, shortly after taking his degree as thirty-sixth wrangler in 1848, for the post of observer in the University of Durham. He entered upon his duties there in October 1849, but soon became dissatisfied with their narrow scope. The observatory was ill supplied with instruments, and the leisure left him for study served only to widen his aims. Friedrich Bessel's and Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander's star-zones, above all, struck him as a model for imitation, and he resolved to complete by extending them to the pole.Desirous of advancing so far beyond his predecessors as to include in his survey stars of the tenth magnitude, he vainly applied for a suitable instrument, and at last, hopeless of accomplishing any part of his design at Durham, or of benefiting by any further stay, he resigned his position there in March 1852. He had not, however, been idle. Some of his observations, especially of minor planets and comets, made with a Fraunhofer equatorial of 6½ inches aperture, had been published, in a provisional state, in the ‘Monthly Notices’ and ‘Astronomische Nachrichten,’ and the whole were definitively embodied in a volume entitled ‘Results of Astronomical Observations made at the Observatory of the University, Durham, from October 1849 to April 1852’ (Durham, 1855). His admission as a member of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS), 14 March 1851, conveyed a prompt recognition of his exceptional merits as an observer. In June 1852 he fixed upon a site for an observatory and dwelling-house at Redhill, Surrey. In July 1853 a transit-circle of 5½ feet focus, reduced in scale from the Greenwich model, and an equatorial of 4½ inches aperture, both by Simms, were in their places, and work was begun. On 9 December 1853, Carrington presented to the RAS, as the result of a preliminary survey, printed copies of nine draft maps, containing all stars down to the eleventh magnitude within 9° of the Pole (Monthly Notices, xiv.40). Three years' steady pursuance of the adopted plan produced, in 1857, ‘A Catalogue of 3,735 Circumpolar Stars observed at Redhill in the years 1854, 1855, and 1856, and reduced to Mean Positions for 1855.’ The work was printed at public expense, the decision to that effect by the Lords of the Admiralty rendering unnecessary the acceptance of Leverrier's handsome offer to include it in the next forthcoming volume of the ‘Annales’ of the Paris observatory. It was rewarded with the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, in presenting which, 11 February 1859, Mr. Main dwelt upon the eminent utility of the design, as well as the ‘standard excellence’ of its execution (ib. xix. 162). It included a laborious comparison of Schwerd's places for 680 stars with those obtained at Redhill, and an elaborate dissertation on the whole theory of corrections as applied to stars near the pole. Ten corresponding maps, copper-engraved, accompanied the catalogue.Meanwhile, <mask> had adopted, and was cultivating with his usual felicity of treatment, a ‘second subject’ at that juncture of peculiar interest and importance. While his new observatory was in course of construction, he devoted some of his spare time to examining the drawings and records of sun-spots in possession of the RAS, and was much struck with the need and scarcity of systematic solar observations. Sabine's and Wolf's discovery of the coincidence between the magnetic and sunspot periods had just then been announced, and he believed he should be able to take advantage of the pre-occupation or inability of other observers to appropriate to himself, by ‘close and methodical research,’ the next ensuing eleven-year cycle. He accordingly resolved to devote his daylight energies to the sun, while reserving his nights for the stars. Solar physics as a whole, however, he prudently excluded from his field of view. He limited his task to fixing the true period of the sun's rotation (of which curiously discrepant values had been obtained), to tracing the laws of distribution of maculæ, and investigating the existence of permanent surface-currents. Adequately to compass these ends, new devices of observation, reduction, and comparison were required.Leaving photography to his successors as too undeveloped for immediate use, he chose a method founded on the idea of making the solar disc its own circular micrometer. An image of the sun was thrown upon a screen placed at such a distance from the eyepiece of the 4½-inch equatorial as to give to the disc a diameter of 12 to 14 inches. In the focus of the telescope, which was firmly clamped, two bars of flattened gold wire were fastened at right angles to each other, and inclined about 45° on either side of the meridian. Then, as the inverted image traversed the screen, the instants of contact with the wires of the sun's limbs and of the spot-nucleus to be measured were severally noted, when an easy calculation gave its heliocentric position (ib. xiv. 153). In this manner, during seven and a half years, 5,290 observations were made of 954 separate groups, many of which were besides accurately depicted in drawings.By the sudden death of his father, however, in July 1858, and the consequent devolution upon <mask> of the management of the brewery, the complete execution of his project of research was frustrated. He continued for some time to supervise the solar work he had previously carried on in person; but in March 1861, seeing no prospect of release from commercial engagements, he thought it advisable to close the series. The results appeared in a quarto volume, the publication of which was aided by a grant from the Royal Society. Its title ran as follows: Observations of the Spots on the Sun from November 9, 1853, to March 24, 1861, made at Redhill (London, 1863). Never were data more opportunely furnished. Perhaps more effectually than the pronouncements of spectrum analysis, they served to revolutionise ideas on solar physics. Efforts to ascertain the true rate of solar rotation had been continually baffled by what were called the ‘proper motions’ of the spots serving as indexes to it.Carrington showed that these were in reality due to a great ‘bodily drift’ of the photosphere, diminishing apparently from the equator to the poles (ib. xix. 81). There was, then, no single period ascertainable through observations of the solar surface. By equatorial spots the circuit was found to be performed in about two and a half days less than by spots at the (ordinarily) extreme north and south limits of 45°. The assumed ‘mean period’ of 25.38 solar days applied, in fact, only to two zones 14° from the equator; nearer to it the time of rotation was shorter, further from it longer, than the average. Carrington succeeded in representing the daily movement of a spot in any heliographical latitude l, by the empirical expression 865′ ± 165 . sin 7/4 (l – 1°).But he attempted no explanation of the phenomenon. It formed, however, the basis of Faye's theory (1865) of the sun as a gaseous body ploughed through by vertical currents, which finally superseded Herschel's idea of a flame-enveloped, but cool, dark, and even habitable globe. <mask>'s determinations of the elements of the sun's rotation are still of standard authority. The inclination of the solar equator to the plane of the ecliptic he fixed at 7° 15′; the longitude of the ascending node at 73° 40′ (both for 1850) . A peculiarity in the distribution of sun-spots detected by him about the time of the minimum of 1856, afforded, as he said, ‘an instructive instance of the regular irregularity and the irregular regularity’ characterising solar phenomena (ib. xix. 1).As the minimum approached, the belts of disturbance gradually contracted towards and died out near the equator; shortly after which two fresh series broke out, as if by a completely new impulse, in comparatively high latitudes, and spread equatorially. No satisfactory rationale of this curious procedure has yet been arrived at. It is, nevertheless, intimately related to the course of sun-spot development, since Wolf found evidence of a similar behaviour in Böhm's observations of 1833–6, and it was perceived by Spörer and Secchi to recur in 1867. While still in his apprenticeship at Durham, <mask> repaired to Sweden on the occasion of the total solar eclipse of 28 July 1851, and made at Lilla Edet, on the Göta river, observations printed in the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society (xxi. 58). The experience thus gained was turned to public account in the compilation of Information and Suggestions addressed to Persons who may be able to place themselves within the Shadow of the Total Eclipse of the Sun on September 7, 1858, a brochure printed and circulated by the lords of the admiralty in May 1858. The eclipse to which it referred was visible in South America.A visit to the continent in 1856 gave him the opportunity of drawing up a valuable report on the condition of a number of German observatories (Monthly Notices, xvii. 43), and of visiting Schwabe at Dessau, to whose merits he drew explicit attention, and to whom, in the following year, he had the pleasure of transmitting the Gold Medal of the RAS. He fulfilled with great diligence the duties of secretary to that body, 1857–62, and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 7 June 1860. The great solar storm of 1859
<mask>, together with fellow amateur Mr. Hodgson, were the sole witness of the extraordinary solar outburst of 1 September 1859. Carrington and Hodgson compiled independent reports which were published side by side in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, and exhibited their drawings of the event at the November 1859 meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society. The geomagnetic solar flare hit the Earth the following days, the main body of which fell over the American continents. In these early days of electrical communication, the telegraph systems was the most affected.Lines all over Europe and North America failed, in some cases giving telegraph operators electric shocks. Telegraph pylons threw sparks. Some telegraph operators could continue to send and receive messages despite having disconnected their power supplies. Based on Carrington's observation of the solar storm, this type of event now bear the name Carrington Event. Late life and demise
But the lease by which he held his powers of useful work was unhappily running out. A severe attack of illness in 1865 left his health permanently impaired. In 1869, he married Rosa Ellen Jeffries (1845–75), and, having disposed of the brewery, he retired to Churt, Surrey, where, on the top of an isolated conical hill, 60 feet high, locally known as the Middle Devil's Jump, in a lonely and picturesque spot, he built a new observatory (ib.xxx. 43). Its chief instrument was a large altazimuth on Steinheil's principle, but there are no records of observations made with it. He no longer attended the meetings of the RAS, and his last communication to it, 10 January 1873, was on the subject of a ‘double altazimuth’ of great size which he had thoughts of erecting (ib. xxxiii. 118). A deplorable tragedy, however, supervened.On the morning of 17 November 1875 his wife was found dead in her bed, as it seemed, through an overdose of chloral. The event, combined perhaps with the censure on a supposed deficiency of proper nursing precautions conveyed by the verdict of the coroner's jury, told heavily on her husband's spirits. He left his house on the day of the inquest, and returned to it after a week's absence, only to find it deserted by his servants. He was seen to enter it on 27 November, but was never again seen alive. After a time some neighbour gave the alarm, the doors were broken open, and his dead body was found extended on a mattress locked into a remote apartment. A poultice of tea-leaves was tied over the left ear, as if for the relief of pain, and a post-mortem examination showed death to have resulted from an effusion of blood on the brain. A verdict of ‘sudden death from natural causes’ was returned.Legacy
<mask>'s manuscript books of sun-spot observations and reductions, with a folio volume of drawings, were purchased after his death by Lord Lindsay (later Earl of Crawford), and presented to the Royal Astronomical Society (ib. xxxvi. 249). To the same body <mask> bequeathed a sum of £2,000. Among his numerous contributions to scientific collections may be mentioned a paper ‘On the Distribution of the Perihelia of the Parabolic and Hyperbolic Comets in relation to the Motion of the Solar System in Space,’ read before the Astronomical Society, 14 December 1860 (Mem. R. A. Soc. xxix.355). The result, like that of Mohn's contemporaneous investigation, proved negative, and was thought to be, through uncontrolled conditions, nugatory; yet it perhaps conveyed an important truth as to the original connection of comets with the solar system. Work

Even though he did not discover the 11-year sunspot activity cycle, <mask>'s observations of sunspot activity after he heard about Heinrich Schwabe's work led to the numbering of the cycles with <mask>'s name. For example, the sunspot maximum of 2002 was Carrington Cycle No. 23. <mask> also determined the elements of the rotation axis of the Sun, based on sunspot motions, and his results remain in use today. Carrington rotation is a system for measuring solar longitude based on his observations of the low-latitude solar rotation rate.<mask> made the initial observations leading to the establishment of Spörer's law. <mask> won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) in 1859. <mask> also won the Lalande Prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1864, for his Observations of Spots on the Sun from 9 November 1853 to 24 March 1861, Made at Redhill. This award was not reported in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, probably due to <mask>'s bitter, acrimonious and public criticism of Cambridge University over the appointment of John Couch Adams, Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry, as the non-observing Director of the Cambridge Observatory. As a measure of displeasure <mask> withdrew Observations from official considerations of the RAS for what would likely have been the book's second gold medal, for the year 1865. Carrington super flare

On 1 September 1859, <mask> and <mask>, another English amateur astronomer, independently made the first observations of a solar flare. Because of a simultaneous "crochet" observed in the Kew Observatory magnetometer record by Balfour Stewart and a geomagnetic storm observed the following day, Carrington suspected a solar-terrestrial connection.For this reason, the geomagnetic storm of 1859 is often called the Carrington Event. Worldwide reports on the effects of the geomagnetic storm of 1859 were compiled and published by Elias Loomis which supported the observations of Carrington and Balfour Stewart. Selected writings

 {{Citation | author = Carrington, <mask> | title = Observations of the Spots on the Sun from 1853 to 1861 (1863) Williams and Norgate | url =  https://archive.org/details/observationsofsp00carr }}

 References

 Further reading

  – Originally published in the July 1960 issue of Sky & Telescope''

  – an obituary
 Charbonneau, Paul. <mask> <mask> (1826–1875) (short biographical sketch), Groupe D'astrophysique de Groupe D'astrophysique de l'Université de Montréal (University of Montreal), 27 December 2001. External links
 "Carrington's star billing": an article in The Times Literary Supplement by John North, 24 October 2007

 Extensive history and timeline about Carrington by Astronomer Sten Odenwald
 R. <mask> @ Astrophysics Data System

1826 births
1875 deaths
19th-century British astronomers
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
Recipients of the Lalande Prize
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge

masks:
Richard Christopher Carrington
Carrington
Richard Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Carrington
Richard Hodgson
Richard Christopher
Richard Christopher
Carrington
Carrington


text_chunks:
<mask> is an American storm chaser and meteorologist. He has participated in several field research projects and is one of the surviving members of TWISTEX. He has been contracted as a severe weather photojournalist for various major television networks, and has starred in several television shows, including Seasons 3 through 5 of Storm Chasers on the Discovery Channel. <mask> is a field Meteorologist and storm chaser for AccuWeather. <mask> made his debut on the network on June 7, 2021 after witnessing a tornado from their new house the day they closed. On August 9 in northern Illinois, Laubach aired the Sycamore, IL tornado live on the network in the middle of a tornado outbreak. <mask> was the weekend morning meteorologist and storm chaser for KAKE-TV in Wichita, Kansas.He joined the team on March 19, 2018 and debuted on-air a week later on March 25. Three years later on March 25, 2021, <mask> announced on his Facebook page that he was leaving KAKE with his last day being May 2. Prior to KAKE, <mask> worked for nearly five years as a meteorologist and the "Weather Warrior" for WSIL-TV in Carterville, Illinois. He worked at WSIL from July 31, 2013 until March 11, 2018. Prior to that, <mask> was the primary storm chaser and a weather producer at KMGH, 7News in Denver, Colorado. At WSIL, <mask> created and produced a nine-part segment that aired every Wednesday from May 3 to July 8, 2015 called "Weather Warrior Wednesday". This weekly package detailed his storm chasing, and he produced it from the field.He did a second season of the "Weather Warrior" segment in 2016, which aired from May 4 to July 13, and featured eight packages and two narratives. In August 2016, <mask> debuted as a broadcast meteorologist, filling in to do weathercasts on weekend mornings. He was promoted to full-time weekend mornings starting on September 3, 2017. He created another storm chasing segment called "Storm Story Sunday", which featured highlights of his storm-chasing career and aired every Sunday for his tenure as the full-time weekend meteorologist. His final "Storm Story Sunday" aired on March 4, 2018 and included his official announcement that he was leaving WSIL to pursue his career in Kansas. <mask> was the contributing producer, a videographers, and featured talent in KMGH 7News's 2011 television news special, "Tracking Twisters". The special was named "Best Single Program Including News Magazine Programs" in 2011 by the Colorado Broadcast Association, and received a 2012 regional Emmy award from the National Television Academy Heartland Chapter for "Magazine Program/Weather Program".<mask>'s images and footage have been used by networks and programs including CNN, ABC News, Good Morning America, Fox News, The Weather Channel, The National Geographic Channel, The Discovery Channel, The Travel Channel, Associated Press, Univision, Women's Entertainment, and local media news outlets nationwide. In July 2017, The Scioto Post named <mask> as the 10th most famous person from Pickaway County, Ohio, owing to his well publicized storm-chasing career. Education
Prior to college, he graduated high school in 1999 from John F Kennedy High School in Denver, Colorado after relocating from Ohio where he attended Circleville High School in Circleville, Ohio. In 2016 he earned a Master's of Science in Professional Media and Media Management Studies, with a concentration in New Media and Journalism, from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois. In 2009, he earned a Bachelor's of Science in Meteorology and Technical Communications, with a minor in Mathematics and a concentration in Interactive Media, from Metropolitan State University, Denver, Colorado. Storm chase career
<mask>'s first chase was in May 1997 where he documented a small tornado near Clarksburg, Ohio. After moving to Colorado, he began his professional career in 2002 and has since been featured on several television specials, with his video work appearing nationally across various major networks.From 2007 through 2011, <mask> was a permanent participant in the field research project TWISTEX, headed up by engineer Tim Samaras. He was in charge of operations in a mesonet vehicle, taking measurements of RFD in supercell and tornado-producing storms. From 2009 through 2011, he was part featured on Storm Chasers. In 2008, <mask> took part in the filming of shows for the National Geographic Channel and Women's Entertainment, both shows airing in early/mid-2009. In 2011, he was part of the filming for the KMGH special "Tracking Twisters", airing in July 2011. On May 24, 2011, Laubach saw his 200th career tornado in Fairview, Oklahoma. In 2012, he returned to solo chasing.On May 31, 2013, Laubach documented the largest tornado on record near El Reno, Oklahoma. That tornado took the lives of his fellow TWISTEX teammates Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras, and Carl Young of South Lake Tahoe, California. Laubach escaped the storm by less than a minute early in its life-cycle as it was quickly growing to its record width and was three miles south of his TWISTEX teammates when the storm struck them. On May 24, 2016, near Dodge City, Kansas, Laubach saw his 300th career tornado. On August 8, 2021, <mask> broke his Iowa curse, documenting his first confirmed tornado in the state of his career. On August 16, 2021, Laubach chased his first tropical storm, Fred in Florida. Two weeks later on August 29, he chased his first hurricane, Category 4 Ida, in Louisiana.Credited television appearances
Twister Sisters - Episode 6, Women's Entertainment (aired January 15, 2009)
Disaster Labs - "Into the Tornado", National Geographic Channel (aired May 14, 2009)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 13, "Storm Catchers", Discovery Channel (aired October 18, 2009)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 14, "Bigger In Texas", Discovery Channel (aired October 25, 2009)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 16, "Inside The Tornado", Discovery Channel (aired November 8, 2009)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 17, "Not In Kansas Anymore", Discovery Channel (aired November 15, 2009)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 19, "Sean Casey At The Bat", Discovery Channel (aired November 29, 2009)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 20, "EF-3 Strikes You're Out", Discovery Channel (aired November 29, 2009)
Storm Chasers - Ep.21, "What Goes Around", Discovery Channel (aired October 13, 2010)
Storm Chasers - Storm Chasers 2010 Greatest Storms, Discovery Channel (aired October 14, 2010)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 22, "Why We Chase", Discovery Channel (aired October 20, 2010)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 24, "Dedication", Discovery Channel (aired November 3, 2010)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 25, "Smoke Monster", Discovery Channel (aired November 10, 2010)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 26, "Perfect Storm", Discovery Channel (aired November 17, 2010)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 27, "Twilight Zone", Discovery Channel (aired November 24, 2010)
Storm Chasers - Ep. 28, "Judgment Day", Discovery Channel (aired December 1, 2010)
Storm Chasers - Behind The Storms, Discovery Channel (aired December 8, 2010)
"Tracking Twisters" - KMGH ABC 7News (aired July 31, 2011), also credited as photographer
Storm Stories, The Next Chapter - Ep.1, "Twin Twisters", The Weather Channel (aired August 8, 2019)

Laubach was featured in the opening credits of Storm Chasers in season 5, but never appeared in an episode. Awards
Kansas Association of Broadcasters (KAB) First Place, 2019 "Weathercast: Severe Weather Alert Day" (won with Meteorologists Jay Prater and Cat Taylor)
National Television Academy Heartland Chapter Regional Emmy Nomination, 2019 "Talent, Weather Anchor"
National Television Academy Heartland Chapter Regional Emmy Award, 2012 "Magazine Program/Weather Program" for "Tracking Twisters" (contributing producer/videographer/featured talent)
Colorado Broadcast Association, 2011 "Best Single Program Including News Magazine Programs" for "Tracking Twisters" (contributing producer/videographer/featured talent)
Weatherwise, 2012 photo contest, third prize, for "The sun sets through a supercell featuring arc clouds and a banded underside of an anvil cloud, photographed near Tryon, Nebraska, on August 17, 2011". Weatherwise, 2012 photo contest, honorable mention, for "The sun sets at the end of a stormy day near Pratt, Kansas, on May 20, 2011"
303 Magazine, 2009 "Odd Job of the Year" Award

Academic publications
2012/03/01 - Continuous Upper Air Profiling Near an EF3 Tornado
2008/10/27 - TWISTEX 2008: In situ and mobile mesonet observations of tornadoeshttp://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/141974.pdf

References

External links
 <mask>'s Facebook page

Storm chasers
American meteorologists
Amateur radio people
1980 births
Living people
People from Oxnard, California
People from Jackson County, Illinois
People from Carterville, Illinois

masks:
Tony Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach


text_chunks:
, known by her stage name <mask>, is a Japanese singer-songwriter and musician. She writes and composes all her songs, and plays guitar and piano. Asada has said that the name <mask> is random and has no special meaning; she chose it because it was easy to remember and because she thought the words were cute together. Aside from her native Japanese, she is also fluent in speaking English, Korean and Chinese. History
<mask> debuted in 1995 with the single "Orenji", under her real name, Asada Kaori. Her first album, Blue Jam, was released that same year under the Pony Canyon record label. She described it as a "mixture of bitter honey, blues music, momentary silence, irresistible madness, teardrops, sour grapes, hopeful bombs, big big love, and a few green apples" in the jacket.It introduced her unique style of music that has been defined as an off-beat mix between jazz, blues, pop, and rock. The next year she met Tore Johansson, Swedish producer for The Cardigans, who became her good friend and produced much of her work. The song "It's Gonna Rain!" was the fifth ending of the popular Rurouni Kenshin anime. She wrote her third album, Evil & Flowers (1998), while in isolation in the Swedish countryside. She hoped to find inspiration there, but became depressed. She put her feelings of frustration into the songs.She went to New York alone to take a vacation and to study music after having released her third album in 1998. She went back in 1999 and contracted with Warner Music Japan. Let Go
On her fourth album, Let Go, she worked with Mitchell Froom, New York producer of Elvis Costello, Cibo Matto, and Suzanne Vega. He gave her co-production credit for the album because he was so impressed with her. Her fifth album, Just a Girl, came out in 2001. The next year she collaborated with other artists and released Re-Pink, a remix album. Present came out in 2003 and Even So in 2004.Golden Tears, which features the single "So Wonderful", came out in 2005, and she performed at SXSW that same year as part of Japan Nite. Love is Bubble
<mask> released a new single "Love is Bubble" in May 2006. Her June 2006 single "A Perfect Sky", featured in an Anessa makeup commercial with popular model Yuri Ebihara, reached number 2 on the Oricon singles charts, making it the most successful single in <mask>'s career. Her "best of" album sold out quickly on Amazon Japan and reached number two on the Oricon charts and continued to chart in the top 30 becoming one of the top selling albums of the year. In November 2006, she was featured in M-Flo's single "Love Song". The single was a hit for both M-Flo and <mask>, and debuted at number 7 on the Oricon charts, which is a big leap from M-Flo's previous singles and gained <mask> another top 10 single. So Wonderful
Her song "Cotton Candy" was used as the ending theme for the anime Guyver: The Bioboosted Armor in 2005, and "Love is Bubble" was the theme song for the Japanese movie Memories of Matsuko, in which she also featured.Her single "Last Kiss", which appears as the last song on her greatest hits album, was the ending theme to the popular Gantz anime. Anything for you
<mask>'s single "Anything for You", although not as successful as "A Perfect Sky", still reached number 9 on the Oricon charts, achieving moderate success. <mask>, shortly after releasing her previous single, began performing on popular TV music shows and promoting her latest single, "Water Me", which was the theme song for the popular TV drama Watashitachi no Kyōkasho ("Our Textbooks") a dark, melancholy drama about a young girl's suicide and the effect on her school. The single "Water Me" reached number 6 on Oricon on its release date and number 8 on the weekly charts. On 7 July 2007, <mask> performed at Live Earth in Kyoto. Thinking Out Loud
<mask>'s album Thinking Out Loud was released on 25 July 2007, her first album to be sold in both CD and CD+DVD formats. The first press of both editions came with an access ticket containing the AD/Password to reserve tickets for her tour, "Bonnie Pink Tour 2007 'Thinking Out Loud' Final at Nippon Budokan" on a special designated website.The CD pre-orders made the album number 1 on the Amazon.com Japan Top Sellers. The album debuted at number 4 on the Oricon Daily Charts and number 5 on the weekly charts selling approximately 53,605 copies. As of 5 September 2007, her album had sold approximately 90,000 copies. <mask> was on her "Thinking Out Loud Tour" from late 2007 to early 2008. I and Ai
In April 2008, <mask> made a guest performances for Domoto Tsuyoshi's solo project 244 Endli-x album I and Ai. She was featured on the last track, "Say Anything", which she wrote the lyrics to with Domoto. Ring a Bell
The English version of <mask>'s single "Ring a Bell" is only available through digital download."Ring a Bell" was used as the theme song for the American release of the Xbox 360 game Tales of Vesperia. The single was released in Japan and America on iTunes to celebrate <mask>'s 35th birthday. Its Japanese counterpart, "Kane o Narashite", was released on 6 August 2008. <mask>'s thirtieth single, "Joy / Happy Ending", was released on 8 April 2009. One, her 10th studio album, followed on 13 May 2009. Discography

 Blue Jam (1995)
 Heaven's Kitchen (1997)
 Evil and Flowers (1998)
 Let Go (2000)
 Just a Girl (2001)
 Present (2003)
 Even So (2004)
 Golden Tears (2005)
 Thinking Out Loud (2007)
 One (2009)
 Dear Diary (2010)
 Chasing Hope (2012)

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Anime composers
Anime musicians
English-language singers from Japan
Korean-language singers of Japan
Japanese expatriates in Sweden
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese women singer-songwriters
Japanese-language singers
Mandarin-language singers
Musicians from Kyoto Prefecture
People from Kyoto Prefecture
Pony Canyon artists
Video game musicians
Warner Music Japan artists
20th-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese women singers

masks:
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
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<mask> (born 24 October 1992) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. He is the highest rated Chinese chess player in history and is also a three-time Chinese Chess Champion. He was the winner of the 2019 Grand Chess Tour, beating Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in the finals and winning the 2019 Sinquefield Cup, as the first player since 2007 to beat Magnus Carlsen in a playoff. <mask> is the first Chinese player ever to play in a Candidates Tournament and pass the 2800 Elo mark on the FIDE world rankings. In July 2016, with a Blitz rating of 2875, he was the highest rated Blitz player in the world. <mask> was undefeated in classical chess from August 2017 to November 2018, recording 29 victories and 71 draws. This 100-game unbeaten streak was the longest in top-level chess history, until Magnus Carlsen surpassed it in 2019.Education
<mask> attended Chant Garden Elementary School and is a graduate of Zhejiang Wenzhou High School and Peking University Law School. <mask> is a three-time Chinese Chess Champion (2009, 2011, 2012) and has represented China at all four Chess Olympiads from 2012 to 2018, winning team gold medals in 2014 and 2018 and individual bronze and gold medals in 2014 and 2018 respectively. He also won team gold and individual silver at the World Team Championships in 2015. In August 2015, he became the second Chinese player after Wang Yue to break into the top 10 of the FIDE world rankings. In July 2016, with a Blitz rating of 2875, he was the highest rated Blitz player in the world. In September 2017, he became the first Chinese player to qualify for a Candidates Tournament, the penultimate stage in the World Championship. At the Candidates Tournament 2018 he placed clear 4th with +1−0=13, the only candidate without a loss at the event.In September 2018, <mask> became the first Chinese player to pass the 2800 Elo mark on the FIDE world rankings, and in November he reached a rating of 2816, the joint-tenth highest rating in history. In August 2019, he won the Sinquefield Cup 2019 with 2 wins and 9 draws, beating reigning World Champion Magnus Carlsen in the playoffs. In October of the same year, <mask> qualified for the Candidates Tournament 2020–21 by finishing 2nd place in the World Cup for the second time in a row. However, he had a poor start to the Candidates tournament, and finished in a tie for 5th and 6th. Along with Magnus Carlsen, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave and Levon Aronian, he was a 2019 Grand Chess Tour finalist. <mask> went on to win the Grand Chess Tour final, beating Aronian in the semifinals and Vachier-Lagrave in the finals, becoming the 2019 Grand Chess Tour Champion. April 2011: Chinese Individual Championship in Xinghua, Jiangsu, 1st with 9/11
Chess World Cup 2011: knocked out by Wesley So
April 2012: Chinese Individual Championship in Xinghua, Jiangsu, 1st with 8/11
October 2012: SPICE Cup in St. Louis, tied for 2nd with 5½/10
In the 2013 Alekhine Memorial tournament, held from 20 April to 1 May, Liren finished ninth, with +1−3=5.March - April 2017: Won the Longgang Shenzhen Grandmaster Tournament. May 2017: Won the Moscow Grand Prix with 6/9
September 2017: Reached the final of the 2017 Chess World Cup. This qualified him for the Candidates Tournament, the first Chinese player to do so. He subsequently lost on tiebreak in the final to Levon Aronian. March 2018: Candidates Tournament 2018, Berlin. Placed clear 4th with +1−0=13, the only candidate without a loss at the event. April 2018: Shamkir Chess 2018, finished 2nd with 5½/9 (+2–0=7).August 2019: He finished second place in the Saint Louis Rapid and Blitz event with a score of 21½/36. The second place was tied and shared with Yu Yangyi and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave. August 2019: <mask> <mask> won the 2019 Sinquefield Cup by beating Magnus Carlsen in both blitz tiebreak games after drawing both rapid tiebreak games; both <mask> and Carlsen scored 6½/11 (+2–0=9) in the classical games. December 2019: <mask> <mask> won the Grand Chess Tour Finals by beating Levon Aronian in the semifinals and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in the finals. March 2020 and April 2021: <mask> <mask> played in the Candidates Tournament for the right to face Magnus Carlsen for the World Chess Championship. He got off to a slow start, losing his first two games but finished the tournament with three straight wins to finish in 5th place. His final win was with the white pieces over the tournament winner, Ian Nepomniachtchi.June-July 2021: Finished in 4th place in the Goldmoney Asian Rapid tournament. He was one of eight players to advance to the knockout stage of the tournament after a 3rd place finish in the round-robin phase of the tournament. Defeated Jan-Krzysztof Duda 1½-½ in the quarterfinals before losing to Vladislav Artemiev in the semifinals 2-1. He lost to Magnus Carlsen in the 3rd place match. December 2021: <mask> was a semi-finalist at the 2021 Speed Chess Championship, where he had already knocked out GM Shakhriyar Mamedyarov and GM Levon Aronian. In what was dubbed as the most epic Speed Chess Championship match ever, <mask> faced GM Hikaru Nakamura in the semi-finals, where Nakamura was only able to defeat <mask> in the Armaggedon after a four hour back-and-forth struggle. During the post-match interview, Nakamura himself admitted that this was the hardest Speed Chess Championship match he had ever played.References

Further reading
16-year-old <mask> Liren Wins Chinese Ch
<mask> <mask> wins the Chinese Chess Championship  (Chessdom)
<mask> <mask> (16) new Chinese Champion after surreal finish (ChessVibes)
Chinese Championship – a closer look at <mask> <mask> (ChessBase)
The Chess Mind (Dennis Monokroussos)
Ding Liren champion de Chine! (Europe Echecs)
Feedback and facts on FIDE's 'zero tolerance' rule
Chinese Championship – decision by default
http://zhuyue.blog.sohu.com/38398465.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20110724130530/http://www.wems.net/View.asp?id=443
https://web.archive.org/web/20120214052848/http://www.wems.net/View.asp?id=1269%0D%0A
https://web.archive.org/web/20110707033601/http://www.dbt.gov.cn/show.asp?id=360

External links

1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Wenzhou
Chess grandmasters
Chess players from Zhejiang

masks:
Ding Liren
Ding
Ding
Ding
Career Ding
Ding
Ding
Ding
Ding
Liren
Ding
Ding
Liren
Ding
Liren
Ding
Ding
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Ding
Liren
Ding
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Ding
Liren


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<mask>'Sullivan (born 28 November 1969) is an Irish former track and field athlete. She won a gold medal in the 5000 metres at the 1995 World Championships, and a silver medal in the 5000 metres at the 2000 Olympic Games. Her 2000 m world record of 5:25.36, set in 1994 stood until 2017. O'Sullivan first came to prominence when winning the 1500 m at the 1991 Universiade, before going on to finish fourth in the 3000 m final at the 1992 Olympic Games. She then won a silver medal in the 1500 m at the 1993 World Championships. She was the favourite for the 5000 m title at the 1996 Olympic Games but dropped out of the final due to illness. As well as her 1995 World title, she won three gold medals at the European Championships, in the 3000 m (1994), 5000 m (1998) and 10,000 m (1998), and is a two-time World Cross Country Champion.O'Sullivan won silver medals in the 5000 m and 10,000 m at the 2002 European Championships, and competed at her fourth Olympic Games in 2004. She is known for her dramatic kick, clocking 28-second final 200 m splits in some of her races. She is the one of two women (the other Tirunesh Dibaba) who won the short and long course World Cross Country title at the same championship (1998 in Marrakesh). Early career

Born in Cobh, County Cork, O'Sullivan was educated in Cobh Community College. She completed her leaving certificate in 1987. O'Sullivan's first major international competition was the 1990 European Championships at Split, where she finished 11th in the 3000 m. However, O'Sullivan improved quickly after that, and on 26 January the following year, at Boston, she set a new world indoor record in the 5000 m of 15:17.28, taking more than 5 seconds off the old record. At the time, O'Sullivan (who attained a sporting scholarship) was studying accountancy at the Villanova University in the US, and at the World Student Games at Sheffield in July 1991, she won the 1500 m Gold Medal in 4:12.14, and the silver medal in the 3000 m in 8:56.55.At the start of 1992, she finished 7th in the World Cross Country Championships. She won the Honda Sports Award as the nation's top female cross country runner in 1991–92. In 1992, O'Sullivan improved her personal bests in a number of distances between 800 m and 5000 m, setting six Irish national records in the process, including five in the space of 11 days in mid-August following the Barcelona Olympic Games. At Barcelona, in the 3000 m final, O'Sullivan was always in contention, and hit the lead in the back straight on the final lap, but she was eventually outsprinted and finished fourth. Narrowly missing out on an Olympic medal was made all the more frustrating when the silver medalist from the race Tatyana Dorovskikh tested positive for a banned substance the following year. In the 1500 m, she finished only 11th in her semi-final and did not qualify for the final. She finished 1992 by winning the Grand Prix Final for the 5000 m.

1993–1995

1993

During 1993, O'Sullivan established herself as one of the world's top middle-distance runners.By the time the World Championships came around, she was the clear favourite for both the 3000 m and 1500 m. However her hopes in the 3000 m were dashed by the performances of three Chinese athletes who would later in the year go on to smash the world record multiple times. The winner, Qu Yunxia, finished in a championship record of 8:28.71, with Zhang Linli and Zhang Lirong following in second and third respectively. A month later Qu would go on to set a 1500 m world record of 3:50.46. O'Sullivan finished the race 4th in a time of 8:33.8. Six days later she won the silver medal in the 1500 m in a time of 4:03.48, again behind a Chinese athlete. Five days after the championships, at the ISTAF meet in Berlin, O'Sullivan recorded the season's best time over 5000 m of 14:45.92, which moved her to third on the all-time world list. Soon afterwards she closed the year by winning the Grand Prix Final for the 3000 m and finished 2nd in the Mile.She finished the Grand Prix season in 2nd place in the Woman's Overall competition. 1994

During 1994, O'Sullivan dominated international distance running. She set the fastest time of the year in four events, the 1500 m, 1 mile, 2000 m and 3000 m, and the second fastest time in the 5000 m. On 8 July, at Edinburgh, she broke the 2000 m world record, setting a new time of 5:25.36. This record stood until Genzebe Dibaba of Ethiopia broke it on 7 February 2017. The next week, in London, she broke the European record for the 3000 m, beating Britain's Yvonne Murray, and setting the year's fastest time of 8:21.64. This moved her to fifth on the all-time world list, behind the four Chinese runners who had set their personal bests at the 1993 National Championships in Beijing. This record lasted until 2002, when Gabriela Szabo bettered it.Only three days later, at Nice, O'Sullivan recorded the year's fastest 1500 m, a personal best, of 3:59.10, and only four days after that, she won the mile at the Bislett Games in Oslo, in a time of 4:17.25. This was the season's best, and it moved O'Sullivan to fourth on the all-time world list. All four of these times were also new Irish records, and after this two-week period of record breaking, O'Sullivan became a clear favourite to win any event she chose to compete in at the European Athletics Championships in Helsinki in August. At Helsinki, O'Sullivan elected to only contest the 3000 m, with her main opposition expected to come from Yvonne Murray. In the final, on 10 August, Murray set the pace with O'Sullivan on her shoulder. With 200 m to go, O'Sullivan surged past Murray to win easily in 8:31.84. O'Sullivan followed this with a win over 5000 m in the Grand Prix final in Paris on 3 September.She finished the Grand Prix season in 3rd place in the Woman's Overall standings. At the end of a long season, on 9 September, the tired O'Sullivan finished only fifth in the 1500 m at the World Cup in London. 1995

O'Sullivan continued to dominate international distance running in 1995. As she had done in 1994, O'Sullivan set the fastest time of the year in four events, the 1500 m, 1 mile, 2000 m and 3000 m, and the second fastest time in the 5000 m. O'Sullivan was the winner of 11 of the 12 races in which she competed over 1500 m or 1 mile during 1995. These victories included the only sub-4-minute 1500 m time recorded during the year, a new Irish record of 3:58.85 set at the Herculis meet in Monaco on 25 July. In the 3000 m, O'Sullivan was clearly in a class above her rivals, winning all five of her races, and producing four of the six fastest times, including the year's fastest time of 8:27.57 at the Weltklasse meet in Zurich on 16 August. Her other 3000 m victories included the Bislett Games in Oslo on 21 July, and the Grand Prix final in Monaco on 9 September.O'Sullivan was left with the dilemma leading up to the World Championships at Gothenburg, of whether to compete in the 1500 m or the 5000 m. She had been unbeaten at 5000 m before Gothenburg, although the fastest time of the year, a new world record, had been set by Portugal's Fernanda Ribeiro. In the end, O'Sullivan chose the 5000 m, and, after easily winning her heat on 10 August, she kicked clear of Ribeiro in the final two days later, to win the world title in 14:46.47. Three weeks later, on 1 September, at the ISTAF meeting in Berlin, O'Sullivan again battled over 5000 m with the new world record holder Ribeiro, and again O'Sullivan was victorious, winning in a time of 14:41.40, a new Irish record, and the third fastest 5000 m of all time. For the fourth year in a row, she won the Grand Prix Final, this time over 3000 m.

1996–1997
Although she was not as dominant as she had been in 1994 and 1995, <mask>'Sullivan continued to be a major force in 1996 at the distances between 1500 m and 5000 m. Her best event in 1996 was the 3000 m, where she was unbeaten for the third successive year, winning all five of her races. O'Sullivan produced the early season leading time of 8:42.40 in Eugene on 26 May, and then at Nice, on 10 July, she recorded the year's fastest time of 8:35.42. In the 1500 m, only two women broke 4 minutes during the year, one of whom was O'Sullivan, who clocked her best time of 3:59.91 when winning at the Bislett Games in Oslo on 5 July. In terms of preparation for the Olympic Games held later that year in Atlanta, O'Sullivan's best event appeared to be the 5000  m, the distance at which she was the reigning world champion.On 5 June, at the Golden Gala meet in Rome, O'Sullivan won in 14:54.75. A month later, on 12 July, at the Securicor Games in London, she beat a strong field to win in 14:48.36. The program at the Olympic Games in Atlanta was sufficiently scheduled to allow O'Sullivan to contest both the 5000 m and 1500 m events. Her early season form and world title the previous year had made her one of the favourites for the 5000 m; however, news of double-world record holder Wang Junxia competing made many observers revise their opinion. In the heats everything seemed on track when she easily won her heat in 15:15.80. However, in the final on 28 July, she was badly affected by a stomach upset, and after starting well gradually faded away and failed to finish. The race was won by 3000 and 10,000 m world record holder Wang Junxia of China.Her disappointment continued in the 1500 m, where, still weakened, she came

masks:
Sonia O
Sonia O


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 second last in her heat and failed to qualify for the semi-finals. O'Sullivan competed in her first indoor competition for five years at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics in Paris in March 1997. Prior to that meeting, O'Sullivan had travelled to Australia to get some early season competition in the Australian domestic outdoor season. O'Sullivan recorded her best result in Canberra, on 11 January, where she won a 5000 m race in 15:10.98. She had entered both the 1500 m and 3000 m at the World Indoors, but eventually she chose to only contest the 3000 m event. In the final, on 8 March, O'Sullivan hit the lead in the last lap, but she was overtaken by Romanian Gabriela Szabo who went on to narrowly defeat O'Sullivan in 8:45.75 compared to the Irishwoman's second place time of 8:46.19. At the World Cross Country Championships she finished 9th but helped Ireland win the bronze medal in the Team Event.O'Sullivan had an indifferent outdoor season in 1997, and her best time of 8:53.53 over 3000 m, which she achieved in Paris on 25 June, was 7 seconds slower than the time she had set indoors in March. Similarly, her best performance at 5000 m for the year remained the time she had set in Australia in January. At the World Championships held in Athens, O'Sullivan produced her best 1500 m time of the year of 4:05.31 when she finished fourth in her semi-final on 3 August. In the final, held two days later, O'Sullivan was never a serious threat, and she finished 8th in 4:07.81. O'Sullivan had even greater disappointment in the 5000 m where she was the defending world champion, finishing only 7th in her heat and failing to qualify for the final. 1998–1999

O'Sullivan made an impressive comeback in 1998. At the World Cross-Country Championships at Marrakech in March, she entered both the short course (4 km) and long course (8 km) events.On successive days, O'Sullivan won both events, and her 4 km time of 12:20 was 14 seconds ahead of her nearest rival. O'Sullivan continued this form into the track season, where her performances in the 1500 m, 3000 m and 5000 m were close to those she had produced at her peak in 1994 and 1995. At the European Athletics Championships in Budapest, the 1500 m and 5000 m finals, events at which O'Sullivan usually doubled at major championships, were scheduled to be run on the same day, thus denying her the opportunity of competing in both events. Undeterred, O'Sullivan entered the 5000 m and 10,000 m, having never run the latter event before on the track. In the 10,000 m final, on 19 August, she shadowed the leaders, and then produced an astonishing 28.1 second final 200 metres to win the gold medal in 31:29.33 in her debut at the distance. Four days later, in the more familiar territory of the 5000 m, the pace was set by Romanian Gabriela Szabo, but again, O'Sullivan produced an explosive finishing sprint to defeat Szabo in 15:06.50. At the World Cup held the following month in Johannesburg, O'Sullivan won her second major international 5000 m competition of the year, again sprinting clear of the opposition following a very slow pace.She concluded her year by winning the BUPA Great North Run. O'Sullivan took a break from competition for most of 1999, during which time she gave birth to her daughter, Ciara, on 10 July 1999. O'Sullivan returned to training 10 days after her daughter's birth, and on 10 October, finished a half marathon in 70:05. 2000–2002
With the prospect of competing at her third Olympic Games in September 2000 in Sydney, O'Sullivan competed in the Australian domestic outdoor season during the European winter, recording a fastest time over 5000 m of 15:10.24 at Sydney on 13 February 2000. Back in Europe, she won the Dublin Women's Mini Marathon in June, before producing a number of quality performances on the track in her preparation for the Olympics. The Weltklasse meet in Zurich on 11 August produced the finest 3000 m race of the year, with the first six placings registering the six fastest times of 2000. O'Sullivan finished a close second in this race to Romanian Gabriela Szabo in a time of 8:27.58.At Sydney, on 22 September, O'Sullivan won her 5000 m heat with a season's best of 15:07.91. In the final three days later, after an enthralling sprint finish, O'Sullivan won the silver medal behind Szabo in a National Record 14:41.02. She became only the second Irish woman to win an Olympic Medal, after Michelle Smith and the first Irish Track and Field Olympic Medalist since John Treacy took silver in Los Angeles in 1984. In the 10,000 m final, held on 30 September, O'Sullivan set another personal best and national record when finishing sixth in 30:53.37 performance. Shortly after the Olympics, she won the Grand Prix Final 5000 m. Following the Olympics, O'Sullivan made her marathon debut, winning the Dublin marathon in a time of 2:35:42 on 30 October. In March 2001, O'Sullivan decided to compete in the World Indoor Championships. She finished 7th in the 3000 m and 9th in the 1500 m. After this she took a break from athletics to give birth to her second daughter, Sophie.O'Sullivan returned in March 2002 for the World Cross Country Championships, being held in Dublin. She finished a respectable 7th in the Short Race, and led Ireland to Team Bronze. At the European Championships in Munich later that year, O'Sullivan attempted a defence of the two European golds she had won in 1998. In the 10,000 m she won silver in a national record of 30:47.59. O'Sullivan admitted she had been outclassed in the race by Paula Radcliffe, saying that only world record holder Wang Junxia could have beaten the British girl on the night. A few days later, O'Sullivan added a second silver in the 5000 m as she was beaten into second place by Marta Dominguez of Spain in a time of 15:14.85. Shortly afterwards she set a season's best for the 3000 m in Zurich as she finished third in a time of 8:33.62.A week later, she ran her fastest 5000 m time since her Olympic silver in London in a time of 14:46.97, as she finished third. She ended an excellent season by winning her second BUPA Great North Run title in a national record time of 67:19. 2003–2009
After an impressive 2002 season, O'Sullivan had a disappointing 2003. She started well with a win at the newly inaugurated Great Ireland Run, but she struggled during the summer Grand Prix races. However, she appeared to be finding her form at the right time when she ran a season's best in the 3000 m in Zurich in a time of 8:37.55 on 15 August. At the World Championships in Paris later that month she was considered a possible medalist. She qualified very comfortably from her heat.However, in the final she finished last of the 15 starters. In December she finished an impressive fourth at the European Cross-Country Championships, and lead Ireland to silver in the team event. 2004 was to be an even more disappointing season for O'Sullivan. She struggled to find her best form throughout the year. At the Olympic Games in Athens, she qualified for the final of the 5000 m. However, in the final, O'Sullivan, who was suffering from an illness, finished last of the 14 finishers, well over a lap behind the winner Meseret Defar. She was given a hero's reception by the Crowd as she completed her last lap. It was one of the more poignant moments of the 2004 Games.In November, O'Sullivan finished an impressive 4th in the World Half-Marathon Championship in Delhi. In April 2005, O'Sullivan ran the London Marathon for the first time and finished 8th in a personal best time of 2:29:01. In June she won Dublin's Women's Mini Marathon for the second time. However an injury kept her out of the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki. In January 2006, O'Sullivan applied for dual citizenship, which would allow her to compete for both Ireland and Australia. This request was granted and she intended to represent Australia at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, but to represent Ireland in all other competitions. She was chosen for the Australian Commonwealth team for the 5000 m. However, she wasn't able to compete due to a hamstring injury.On 14 February 2007, O'Sullivan said she planned to retire after the Great Ireland Run on 15 April, having said the previous year that she planned to run competitively until the 2012 Olympics in London. She later confirmed that she would retire at the end of the 2007 season. In March 2008, O'Sullivan was appointed team manager of the Australian team for the 2008 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Edinburgh, Scotland. In 2009, she ran the Cork City Marathon,

2010–present

In 2012, O'Sullivan carried the Olympic flame when it arrived in Dublin on 6 June. She carried the flame onto St Stephen's Green and lit an Olympic cauldron. O'Sullivan was made chef de mission for Team Ireland at the 2012 Olympic Games. O'Sullivan completed the 2013 Ealing Half Marathon in 1:27:28.Personal life
<mask>'s father John played as a goalkeeper for Cobh Ramblers football team. He had been in the Irish Navy. <mask> is married to Nic Bideau

, together they have two daughters, Ciara, and Sophie. Sophie won a silver medal in the 800 metres at the 2018 European Athletics U18 Championships in Győr, Hungary. <mask> has written two books "Running To Stand Still" published in 2001 and "Sonia My Story" in 2008. <mask> frequently commentates for RTÉ during World & European Championship

masks: Sonia Sonia Sonia Sonia