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<mask> (born July 29, 1946) is an American lawyer who was an Independent candidate in Maine's 2010 and 2014 gubernatorial races. In 2010, he placed second in a multi-way race, receiving 208,270 votes, equaling 35.9%, narrowly losing to Republican Paul LePage. In 2014 he garnered only 8.4%, placing third behind both the Democratic candidate as well as LePage, who was re-elected with 48.2% of the vote. Both times, he was claimed to be a spoiler for the Democratic candidate. Maine has since become the first state to use instant-runoff voting (ranked choice voting—RCV) in its statewide elections. <mask> had previously served in the Carter Administration as part of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Early life and career
<mask> was born and raised in Bangor, Maine, the eldest son of Lawrence and <mask>.His father was a physician and his mother was an economist. <mask> received secondary education at Deerfield Academy. He then proceeded to graduate from Harvard College and later earned a degree from Georgetown Law. <mask> began his career as a legislative assistant to Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine, helping craft the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. He served as associate director for Natural Resources, Energy and Science in the Office of Management and Budget in the Carter administration, and was the principal White House official for energy. He then worked from 1980 to 1988 for the law firm Webster & Sheffield, focusing mostly on environmental and land use issues. He was a founding partner of Cutler & Stanfield LLP, with fellow Webster & Sheffield associate Jeffrey Stanfield, which became the second-largest environmental law firm in the country, eventually merging that practice with international firm Akin Gump in 2000.In 1990, <mask> purchased property on Shore Road in Cape Elizabeth. In an interview with Portland Magazine, <mask> recounted the purchase, "It took two years to find this property. Once we saw it and bought it, we wanted to build a house that sat well on land and was not overly imposing, from the road or the water. We needed lots of room for us and our family, a growing family along the course of time, where we could gather family and friends to enjoy the Maine Coast with us." <mask> resided in Cape Elizabeth with his wife, Melanie Stewart <mask> during his gubernatorial campaigns. They have two adult children. In 2006, <mask> moved to Beijing, where he acquired a collection of Chinese vernacular furniture and antiques.When he moved back to his home in Cape Elizabeth, he integrated the Far East influence with the Maine mystique of the residence. In May 2017, <mask> put his  oceanfront home in Cape Elizabeth for sale for $11 million, citing his intention to move to a condominium in nearby Portland  and also to look for a place on the water in Maine. At the end of 2020, the home was purchased by Jonathan S. Bush. 2010 gubernatorial campaign

On December 9, 2009, <mask> officially launched his campaign for governor of Maine. Had he been elected, he would have been Maine's third independent governor. He was endorsed by Maine's second Independent governor, Angus King. In a close election night race, <mask> took an early lead.As the results came in from Maine's smaller and more rural communities, <mask>'s lead shrank, and eventually opponent Paul LePage took the lead. Based on early, unofficial results, the Bangor Daily News projected that LePage would win, and <mask> conceded on the morning after the election. 2014 gubernatorial campaign

On June 6, 2013, <mask> announced on radio station WGAN's morning show that he would again run for governor, with a formal announcement coming after Labor Day. He dismissed the suggestion that his candidacy would result in another LePage victory, stating that he wouldn't run if he didn't think he could win. While he was again endorsed by Angus King on August 18, 2014  King withdrew his endorsement on October 29, 2014 in favor of the Democratic Party candidate, Mike Michaud. <mask> finished a distant third, with LePage winning reelection. Though many Democrats believe that <mask> was a two-time spoiler, it is a label he and his supporters reject.Other political involvement
He served on the board of directors of Americans Elect, a nonprofit 501(c)(4) corporation which sought to gain ballot access for a presidential ticket, to be chosen through an online national primary, in every state in the 2012 Presidential Election. <mask> endorsed Angus King in the 2012 U.S. Senate election to succeed the retiring Olympia Snowe. King won the election. Since the 2014 election, the second in a row in which the governor was elected with less than a majority, Maine became the first state in the country to introduce ranked choice voting in its election, with the multi-way race between LePage, <mask>, and the Democratic candidate often being seen as an impetus for this action. <mask> had been a proponent of this system during the 2010 election, believing he would have won if it had been implemented then. <mask> announced on April 2, 2015 that he would not run for governor again, stating that he was taking a "vow of abstinence" from doing so. He also announced his appointment by the University of Maine System to lead the creation of a new graduate center unifying existing graduate programs at the University of Southern Maine, University of Maine, and the University of Maine School of Law.In May 2017, <mask> announced that he would work with the political organization Maine Independents to recruit candidates for the 2018 elections. The organization was founded by supporters of <mask>'s gubernatorial campaigns. He also announced his support for State Treasurer Terry Hayes for governor in the following year's gubernatorial election. References

External links
 2014 campaign site
 <mask>, <mask>, "Who Stole Election Day?" , Wall Street Journal, November 17, 2010. "[U]nrestricted absentee voting and early in-person voting, 'convenience voting' ... [appear] to be discouraging voter engagement". 1946 births
American lawyers
Americans Elect people
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Harvard College alumni
Jewish American people in Maine politics
Living people
Maine Independents
People from Cape Elizabeth, Maine
Politicians from Bangor, Maine
University of Maine people
Deerfield Academy alumni
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Eliot Cutler
Cutler
Eliot
Catherine Cutler
Eliot
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
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Eliot


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Air Chief Marshal <mask>,  (3 April 1882 – 9 April 1945) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during the first half of the 20th century. He was Air Officer Commanding Iraq Command during the early 1930s. During the Second World War, he served as Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Australian Air Force. Early life
<mask> was born in Browns Valley, Minnesota, United States on 3 April 1882. He was the second son of <mask> and <mask>. <mask> was originally from the Scottish village of Kemnay in Aberdeenshire. <mask> was educated at Bedford School in England.His younger brother was <mask> who was later knighted and rose to the rank of admiral. Early career
In 1899, <mask> enlisted as a private in the Imperial Yeomanry in order to fight in the Second Boer War. <mask> claimed to be 18 when he was in fact only 17. He was discharged in 1901 in order that he might take a commission and he was gazetted as a second lieutenant in the Highland Light Infantry in October 1901. <mask> was then attached to the Imperial Yeomanry for the next three years. He temporarily held the rank of lieutenant from 26 April 1902 to 7 February 1903. On 20 August 1904, <mask> was seconded to the West African Frontier Force.During the next five years <mask> saw action in Northern Nigeria, contracted blackwater fever, was promoted to lieutenant and was twice mentioned in despatches. <mask> resigned his commission in September 1909 and then entered business as a part-owner of a shop in Portuguese Guinea. He did not meet with particular success as a businessman and by 1911 was employed by the British diplomatic service as the assistant resident in Ilorin, Nigeria. First World War
With the outbreak of hostilities in 1914, <mask> rejoined the British Army. After qualifying as a pilot in November 1914, he was commissioned as a lieutenant on 4 December 1914. <mask> married Sybil Pack-Beresford just six days before his first posting as a Royal Flying Corps wing adjutant, which brought a temporary promotion to captain. In May 1915, <mask> was posted as a flight commander on No.17 Squadron where he flew BE2c from Gosport and then Egypt. He became a substantive captain on 1 October 1916. On 2 April 1916, <mask> was promoted to temporary major and appointed Officer Commanding of No. 36 Squadron, which was stationed in Cramlington. In October the same year <mask> was sent to the Western Front as Officer Commanding No. 12 Squadron. During his tour as Officer Commanding No.12 Squadron, <mask> was once again mentioned in despatches. With a promotion to temporary lieutenant colonel on 8 October 1917, <mask> was granted command of the Flying Corps' Fifth Wing which was operating in Palestine. Following his wing's contribution to the British victory in the Battle of Jerusalem in December 1917, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. He was also awarded the Egyptian Order of the Nile, Third Class, and in the 1919 King's Birthday Honours he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in recognition of his wartime service in Egypt. Inter-war period
By the close of the war, <mask> had transferred to the newly formed Royal Air Force (RAF) and the next few years of his military career were to involve many changes of post. In 1919, <mask> was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general and appointed (again temporarily) as General Officer Commanding the RAF's Palestine Brigade. Later the same year, he accepted the offer of a permanent commission in the RAF with the rank of wing commander.In April 1920, <mask> was given command of the RAF's Mesopotamian Wing and when the wing was upgraded to a group, he worked as a staff officer at the group's HQ. From February to October 1921, <mask> was a supernumerary, first at the HQ Middle East Area and then at No. 7 Group where he was sent pending his next posting. It was during this time that <mask> was promoted to group captain, although for some of the period he was on the half-pay list. <mask> took up command of No. 29 Group in October 1921 but this was a short-lived appointment. In April 1922, <mask> was posted as station commander of RAF Leuchars which was a training base at that time.Once again <mask> did not spend long in post. By December 1922, he was a supernumerary once more, this time at the RAF Depot. From 1923-early 1927, <mask> served as the Deputy Director of Operations and Intelligence at the Air Ministry. He was made a Companion of the Bath (CB) in the 1927 New Year Honours. <mask> was then posted as the Commandant of the Central Flying School where he served until January 1929. Having just been promoted to air commodore, <mask>'s next tour saw him return to Iraq as the Senior Air Staff Officer at the HQ of Iraq Command where he served for the next two years. In early 1931, he returned to the United Kingdom and he was appointed to the double-hatted position of Deputy Chief of the Air Staff and Director of Operations and Intelligence.<mask> was promoted air vice-marshal the following July and he remained in post for a little under a year and a half. In November 1932, <mask> returned to Iraq once more, this time as the Air Officer Commanding Iraq Command which placed him in charge of all British forces in Iraq. During his time in command <mask> was involved in the suppression of several tribal incursions near Kuwait and during one such occasion <mask> was wounded. <mask> returned to Great Britain at the start of 1935 to take up command of the RAF's Inland Area. At the start of 1936, whilst <mask> was Air Officer Commanding Inland Area, he was promoted to air marshal and made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the New Year Honours list. Later that year the RAF's command structure underwent a major reorganization. One of the changes was the redesignation of Inland Area as Training Command and <mask> became the command's first Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief.The next three years placed great demands upon <mask> and his command; as the threat from the German Luftwaffe increased, Training Command played a key role in the expansion of the RAF. In July 1939, just prior to the outbreak of the Second World War, <mask> was appointed an additional Inspector-General of the RAF and in August he was a member of British military mission to the Soviet Union. Second World War

RAAF Chief of the Air Staff
<mask> continued in his role as Inspector-General of the RAF until 1940 when he was appointed Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Australian Air Force. <mask>'s appointment to the senior post in the RAAF was not without controversy. Apart from the fact that by 1940 <mask> was due for retirement and his health was not at its best, the choice of a British officer over an Australian one caused open resentment in many quarters of the RAAF. The Australian prime minister, Robert Menzies, had decided that a British officer should head the RAAF, believing that Australian officers lacked the necessary experience. After discussions between the British and Australian governments, <mask> was selected and given an acting promotion to air chief marshal, a rank he subsequently retained.The vexed question of Australia's role in the Empire Air Training Scheme (EATS) had led to the resignation of Air Vice-Marshal Stanley Goble, the previous substantive RAAF Chief of the Air Staff. Unlike Goble and several other senior RAAF commanders, <mask> believed that his most important task was to implement EATS to the full and thereby increase Australia's ability to provide aircrew to the RAF. Under <mask> the RAAF expanded from a strength of 3,489 men just prior to the outbreak of war to 79,074 in May 1942. Of the approximately 80,000 personnel in the RAAF when <mask> was replaced, 42 per cent were EATS personnel. <mask> also strove to increase the number of aircraft in the RAAF, although in this regard he was less successful than he was with increasing aircrew numbers. Under <mask>, RAAF units were placed in forward positions and priority was given to the aerial protection of Australian sea lanes. He also took a key role in the establishments of the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) and RAAF health services, the latter having previously been provided by the Australian Army.Return to United Kingdom and death

From October 1941, <mask> had a strained working relationship with Arthur Drakeford, the Australian Labor Party's minister for air who had just then been appointed. <mask> and Drakeford frequently clashed and when in early 1942 <mask> proposed sweeping organizational changes, including the abolition of the Australian Air Board, a breaking point was reached. It had also been widely argued that <mask>'s focus on the European theatre resulted in the RAAF lacking sufficient defensive strength and by 1942 the threat of invasion by Japan was growing. <mask> was replaced in May 1942 by an Australian, Air Vice Marshal George Jones, who succeeded to the position despite <mask>'s lobbying for his deputy, Air Vice Marshal William Bostock, to take over. <mask> retired from the RAF shortly after his return to Britain, but in 1943 he worked full-time in the RAF's cadet organisation, the Air Training Corps, as the commandant of the ATC's Central Command. In this role, <mask> was responsible for ATC squadrons in Hertfordshire, Middlesex, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Bedfordshire. By 1945 <mask> remained as commandant but his health was declining and on 9 April 1945 he died of a coronary thrombosis at the Princess Mary Hospital at RAF Halton.<mask> was survived by his wife and four daughters. Notes

References

Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Air Chief Marshal <mask>

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Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
Royal Australian Air Force air marshals
Royal Flying Corps officers
Royal Air Force generals
Aviation pioneers
Highland Light Infantry officers
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
People educated at Bedford School
1882 births
1945 deaths
People from Browns Valley, Minnesota
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Knights of the Order of the Sword
British Yeomanry soldiers
Royal West African Frontier Force officers
Imperial Yeomanry officers
Deaths from coronary thrombosis
People of colonial Nigeria
British expatriates in Nigeria
Child soldiers
Military personnel from Minnesota

masks:
Sir Charles Stuart Burnett
Charles Burnett
John Alexander Burnett
Charlotte Susan Burnett
John Burnett
Burnett
Robert Burnett
Burnett
Burnett
Burnett
Burnett
Burnett
Burnett
Burnett
Burnett
Burnett
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Charles Burnett
Burnett


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<mask> was a New Zealand rugby league player. In 1924 he represented New Zealand in the 3rd test in Dunedin against the touring England and became Kiwi number 163 in the progress. Early life
<mask> was born on July 10, 1900 in Auckland, New Zealand. His parents were <mask> and <mask>. He was the youngest of 7 children and had 4 brothers and 2 sisters; Robert William Wilson (1887), <mask> (1889), <mask> (1891), <mask> (1893), <mask> (1896), and <mask> (1898). His birth registration shows his first name as in fact spelt “Lyell” as it also was on his death certificate. However on his marriage registration he spelt it “Lyall”.He also named one of his younger children Lyall, and it was spelt this way in newspaper articles on the rare occasion where his full name was used while he was alive. Playing career

Cambridge and Hamilton
Lyall <mask> began playing rugby league at the senior level in 1921 for the Power Board team in Cambridge. He was aged 20 at the time, turning 21 mid-season. His first match was against the City Rovers club team also from Cambridge on April 16 with his side losing 6-3. Two weeks later <mask> played for the Cambridge sub union representative team against the touring Ponsonby United side which featured a young Frank Delgrosso. <mask> scored a try in a 9-3 win. With rugby league in its infancy in the Cambridge area <mask> played for the Power Board side and representative teams interchangeably throughout the year.By the season end he had played 6 matches for Power Board, 4 for Cambridge, 3 for a combined Cambridge-Hamilton team, 3 for the South Auckland representative team and 1 for Hamilton Athletics at the season end in the Hamilton knockout competition. The first match for South Auckland was against Hawke's Bay on August 10 and saw his side win easily by 35 points to 3 with <mask> scoring a try after some lead up play by Huatahi Paki. Five days later <mask> scored a try for Cambridge against the touring City Rovers team from Auckland at Victoria Square in Cambridge. His Cambridge team won 16-14 over a City side which featured George Paki, Maurice Wetherill, and Tim Peckham. The following weekend <mask> played for South Auckland against Auckland at Claudeland Showgrounds in Hamilton and in front of 2,500 spectators South Auckland ran out 13-3 victors. In the August 31 edition of the Waikato Times it was said of <mask> that he “is a tricky player who will reach big football. He has a nice side-step, and should be played inside five-eighth.[But] he has the failing of passing too soon when on attack. <mask> then played in a win for Cambridge over Hamilton 18-16 where he scored another try “as a result of smart following up and good judgment”. <mask>s last representative match of the season came in his first appearance on Carlaw Park. On September 17 South Auckland played Auckland and were defeated 35-13 in front of 5,500 spectators. <mask> scored South Auckland’s first try after picking up a loose ball and cutting through scoring by the posts. His final match of the season was on September 24 in his first appearance for Hamilton Athletics, a club side he would not appear for again until 1923. In October, 1921 a special meeting was held in Cambridge by the Cambridge Rugby League.The meeting was to select the player who had shown the most improved form during the season. <mask> <mask> was nominated along with R. Pau, C. McMillan, Kidd, and J Hemmingway. After voting had taken place <mask> was announced as the winner and was presented with a gold football badge which had been given to the union by Ernie Asher of the Auckland Rugby League who had recently visited with the City Rovers side. In 1922 <mask> turned out for the newly formed Cambridge Athletics side in the Cambridge competition which featured 4 teams (Cambridge Athletics, Matangi, City Rovers, and Suburbs). He was then granted a transfer to go to the Newton Rangers club in Auckland. This move turned out to be brief as he only played 3 matches for Newton. These included a 15-5 loss to Marist Old Boys, a 32-8 win over Richmond Rovers, and a 19-13 loss to City Rovers.These matches would have been a significant step up in quality for <mask>. Although there were many talented players in the Waikato competitions the Auckland Rugby League was reasonably well established by 1922 and the City side featured George Davidson, Ben Davidson (who would go on to play for Wigan), Bill Davidson, Maurice Wetherill, Alf Townsend, George Paki, and Bert Laing, while <mask> was playing alongside Clarrie Polson, Wally Somers, Bill Williams and Lou Brown (who would go on to play over 300 games professionally in England). On July 3 <mask> then transferred back to Cambridge where he re-joined his Cambridge Athletics team. He played 2 matches for them and 4 matches for Cambridge with at least two of them as captain. The first was in a 21-12 loss against Hamilton where he scored a try and kicked a conversion and a penalty. <mask> then led his side to Auckland where he scored a try and kicked a conversion though this would have been overshadowed by the 73-29 score line in favour of Auckland. The home side running in a remarkable 17 tries.<mask> then played in a trial match for Cambridge before representing them twice more in losses to Lower Waikato and Auckland B, by 36 to 8 and 22 to 8 respectively. Cambridge and Hamilton then fielded a combined side against Hawke's Bay though <mask> was again on the losing side in a 17-3 defeat. He was selected days later to play for South Auckland against the same Hawke's Bay side and this time he was on the winners team, playing five eighth in a 17-15 victory. At this point in the season disappointment was expressed at <mask>'s non selection in the South Auckland side to play Auckland from Cambridge rugby league quarters. It was said that “<mask> is a cool, collected player, possessing much initiative and ability to demonstrate same. Many times on Saturday he placed the locals on attack from defence. Although given fewer opportunities his play was ahead of Wilson Hall… apart from that it is distinctly disappointing to the Cambridge League and the selectors will find that it is a mistake”.Nonetheless the South Auckland team won on Carlaw Park 21-20. <mask> did gain selection for South Auckland on September 30 when they played Auckland at Steele Park in Hamilton and they ran out 26-18 winners. He then wrapped up his 1922 season with a 20-9 win for South Auckland over Waihi in Waihi. In 1923 <mask> joined the Hamilton Athletic club which played in the Hamilton league. He played 6 matches for them before playing for the Hamilton representative side against the Marist Old Boys, a team he was to play for the following year. They won the match 23-13 though <mask> took a knock to the head which saw one observer state that “for a long period in the first session he was quite dazed”. Over the following 2 months he played 4 matches for Hamilton Athletics and 2 for the Hamilton representative side against Cambridge and Taumarunui which were won 32 to 11, and 43 to 7 respectively.<mask> scored a try and kicked a goal in the match against his old Cambridge side on Victoria Square in Cambridge, and a try against Taumarunui at Hinemoa Park, Hamilton. The match with Taumarunui was a defence of the Endean Shield which Hamilton had won off Lower Waikato two weeks prior. On August 18 South Auckland played Wellington with <mask> in the five eighth position alongside F. Jackson, with Tim Peckham at halfback. South Auckland won by 27 points to 11. <mask> then wore the red and white of Cambridge against Hamilton in a 13-9 loss, and the following week switched sides, playing in the black and white jersey of Hamilton in a 27-20 win over Lower Waikato. He then played for a combined Cambridge-Hamilton team against Lower Waikato and he scored twice in a 31-25 victory at Victoria Square in Cambridge. <mask>’s next match was for South Auckland against Auckland at Steele Park.The match was for the Northern Union Challenge Cup which South Auckland held. <mask> score a first half try in a 20-20 draw which meant his side retained the trophy. He followed this up with an appearance for the Auckland Provincial team against Auckland at Carlaw Park. He continued his try scoring run with a 3-pointer in a heavy 44-15 loss to the Auckland ‘city’ team before a crowd of 7,000. He finished the season playing for South Auckland against Auckland again. He scored his 6th try in as many matches, however his team were well beaten in front of 6,000 spectators at Carlaw Park by 35 to 11. Move to Auckland and New Zealand Test Appearance

In 1924 <mask> was to move to Auckland to play rugby league for a more lengthy period than the 3 games he stayed for in 1922.After two matches for Hamilton Athletic against the Frankton Albions, and United teams, <mask> transferred to Marist Old Boys in the Auckland Rugby League competition. He had applied for a transfer on May 6 but it was not granted by the Hamilton Rugby League and was instead referred to the South Auckland Rugby League. The matter was discussed at length at the South Auckland Rugby League monthly meeting and it was eventually decided to grant him a transfer. The league was not particularly keen on allowing the move however and wrote a “strongly-worded protest against the apparent recruiting in the country districts by Auckland clubs, also intimating that this League would not grant transfers of players under its jurisdiction, unless good reason be shown. The delegates of from the League to the New Zealand Council were instructed to bring the matter very strongly before the members of the Council”. After the transfer was granted <mask> made his debut for Marist in a round 5 match against Richmond Rovers in the five eighth position. He played a match against Athletic before being selected for an Auckland Probables side to play against the Auckland Possibles.With the tour of the England side approaching efforts were underway to choose the best players in the country to face them. <mask> was to partner Wilson Hall in the five eighths positions against Peebles and Hector Cole in the Possibles side. <mask>’s side lost 9 to 14. After more club matches <mask> was then selected for the Auckland B team to play Hamilton on July 16. Auckland B won the match 28-18 with Wilson Hall breaking his collar-bone. On July 28 Auckland played the English side and after the match the New Zealand squad was selected to go into training for the first test with England. <mask> was named in the squad though despite Wilson Hall being out injured there were still many five eighths and halves named in the squad.Charles Fitzgerald and Maurice Wetherill were named in the five eighth positions in the first test which New Zealand won 16 to 8 however Wetherill was unable to travel to Wellington for the second test. In addition to this halfback Thomas McClymont was injured in the first test and so <mask> was pulled into the side to travel south. Despite the unavailability of at least 3 potential halves Clarrie Polson and Frank Delgrosso were selected ahead of <mask> for the second test which New Zealand won 13-11. <mask>’s opportunity came in the 3rd test where he was selected in the second five eighth position with Frank Delgrosso on his inside and Hec Brisbane his outside. The match was played at Tahuna Park, Dunedin and saw a crowd of 12,000 in attendance. Opposite him stood Sid Rix in the England side. It was an inauspicious debut for <mask> with New Zealand going down to the brilliant back play of the English side by 31 points to 18.He was described as “being the weak link in the chain, and in consequence of this the New Zealand three-quarters were starved”. <mask> was to finish the season by playing in 9 further matches for his Marist Old Boys club side. On September 27 he played in the championship final against Devonport United in front of an enormous crowd of 17,000. His side were victorious by 20 points to 17 and won their first ever title in the process. Hiatus, Return for Devonport United, and Retirement
In 1925 <mask> appears to have not played at all before a return to the game in the jersey of Devonport United. He played 13 matches for them and for the only time in his career did not play in any representative matches. At the end of the season it appears that <mask> retired from rugby league and he moved to the Opotiki area in the Bay of Plenty where league was not played.Personal life
He married Moyra (Moira) Clare Kelly on August 22, 1928. Moyra was born in Opotiki, Bay of Plenty in 1905. Together they had 6 children. Moyra died on December 23, 1954 aged 49. In the Otago Daily Times of 25 February 1931 it was reported that at about midnight <mask>'s one year old child was bitten by a rat with the bite going through the baby’s left hand and “caused considerable bleeding”. The only other mentions beyond this time of <mask> and his family were of his children’s efforts at school in the Opotiki area and an accident <mask> suffered with an axe whilst cutting wood in 1933. He cut his foot and required several stitches.<mask> <mask> passed away on July 7, 1968 three days short of his 68th birthday in Opotiki, Bay of Plenty. References

New Zealand rugby league players
New Zealand national rugby league team players
Auckland rugby league team players
Newton Rangers players
Marist Saints players
North Shore Albions players
Rugby league players from Auckland

masks:
Lyall Douglas Stewart
Lyall Douglas Stewart
William Stewart
Sarah Ann Stewart
Henry Charles Stewart
Luke Erroll Stewart
Sarah May Elvin Stewart
Mary Jane Stewart
David Arthur Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Lyall
Stewart
Stewart
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Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
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Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
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Stewart
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Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
Stewart
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Lyall
Stewart


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<mask> (c. 1961 -  31 July 1994) was a Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary and a leading member of the Ulster Defence Association's South Belfast Brigade. The head of UDA activity in the area during one of the organisation's most active phases, <mask> was suspected by security forces of playing a role in, or at least orchestrating, around 15 killings. Early years
<mask> first came to attention in his native Ballynafeigh (an area in south Belfast) as a teenage street-fighter battling with local Catholic/republican youths and was responsible for altering the Workers' Party of Ireland slogan "Sectarianism Kills Workers" on the side of Havelock House to "Sectarianism Kills Taigs". <mask>, who was also known for his hatred of black people, also appended the initials of the Ku Klux Klan to this piece of graffiti. During his years as a street-fighter, <mask>, who had distinctive oriental shaped eyes, was given the nickname 'Chinky' by his Catholic opponents. Given the proximity of the two communities on the Ormeau Road, <mask> had grown up alongside Catholics and as such had for a number of years been accused of terrorising people he knew to be Catholic with beatings and intimidation before becoming involved in murder around 1990. UDA activity

Eventually, <mask> became head of the UDA in Ballynafeigh, leading his own unit from Annadale Flats.<mask>'s unit struck on 7 September 1990 when they entered the house of a 34-year-old Catholic, Emmanuel Shields, and shot him dead as he lay in bed with his pregnant girlfriend. According to his family, Shields, who had a criminal record but not for republican activity, had regularly been targeted by <mask> and his associates for physical attack in the past and they had fired shots into his mother's house in nearby Burmah Street when he lived with her. <mask> christened his unit 'Ku Klux Klan', and members of the group, including himself, had the initials KKK tattooed on their arms. <mask>, together with Stephen "Inch" McFerran, UDA military commander for the Ormeau area and RUC Special Branch agent, ordered the attack on the lower Ormeau branch of Sean Graham's bookmakers on 5 February 1992, an act resulting in the death of five civilian men. His right-hand man, Raymond Elder, was identified by witnesses as one of the gunmen in the attack, and fibres from the getaway car were found on his denims. <mask> was widely believed to have been present during the attack, although the rest of the team that Bratty sent was made up of UDA members from East Belfast rather than local members. Another gunman had been provided by UDA West Belfast Brigade leader Johnny Adair, who had first conceived of the action.Alex Kerr, Bratty's commanding officer as South Belfast brigadier, commended the attack, claiming that Lower Ormeau residents had been involved in shielding republicans before suggesting that the attack was revenge for the Teebane bombing. In addition to the 5 February Ormeau Road shootings, <mask>'s unit was allegedly involved in the murder of Michael Gilbride, a Catholic taxi driver who had settled in the Lower Ormeau area. Gilbride was killed outside his parents' home on Fernwood Street not far from Bratty's Annadale Flats base. Another victim was Donna Wilson, a Protestant and resident of Annadale Flats who had recently moved to the area from Tullycarnet, East Belfast. A number of residents had complained to Bratty in his role as local UDA commander about the noise of her stereo and he assembled a team of ten men armed with baseball bats who broke in, beat her to death (seriously injuring three of her companions) and wrecked the flat. In the end, only a sixty-year-old who had led the complaints to Bratty was charged in relation to Wilson's death. Bratty was also identified as the getaway driver for the attack in which Teresa Clinton, the wife of a Sinn Féin election candidate, was murdered in her Lower Ormeau home.Thomas "Tucker" Annett, one of <mask>'s closest lieutenants, was identified as the main gunman although not charged. Annett died on 12 July 1996 as part of an internal UDA dispute when two fellow members of the organisation kicked him to death outside a bar on the Ormeau Road. One of the killers has since been identified as Stephen "Inch" McFerran. Death
<mask> was first targeted in late 1991 by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) when they decided to adopt the tactic of focusing on prominent loyalist paramilitaries alongside the security forces. <mask>'s Annadale Flats home was attacked on 13 November, but <mask> was not at home and no one was hurt. Some time after this attack, <mask> moved from the Annadale Flats to live in Greenwood Lodge on the Upper Newtownards Road in East Belfast. <mask> and Raymond Elder were shot dead by the IRA on 31 July 1994, in an act seen as one of a number of "revenge attacks" immediately prior to the IRA ceasefire.The pair had been drinking in the Kimberley Bar off the Ormeau Road unaware that two gunmen were waiting outside in a van, and both died at the scene of the attack. The gunmen were armed with AK-47 assault rifles. The getaway car was pursued by a Royal Ulster Constabulary vehicle that was in the area but the chase stopped when the police vehicle was impeded by a crowd of republicans. <mask> was 33 years old at the time of his death. He left behind a widow and three children. His son was given honorary membership of the Paisley Imperial Blues flute band, the leading UDA-aligned flute band in Scotland, immediately following his father's death. Reaction

The killing of <mask> was greeted with relief, even by some nationalist residents of the Lower Ormeau normally opposed to violence.However, the aftermath saw three Catholics killed by the UDA in separate attacks with these sparking a series of IRA bomb attacks on loyalist bars, thus bringing about a temporary return to the spiral of tit-for-tat killing. The killings of <mask> and Elder, along with that of Ulster Democratic Party (UDP) leader Ray Smallwoods earlier the same month, played a central role in delaying the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) ceasefire. The CLMC had been considering declaring a ceasefire following the Loughinisland massacre, but reversed their decision after these three killings as they believed that any cessation of violence would have then been seen as a sign of weakness. This was confirmed by the UDP's David Adams, who said the CLMC was ready to call a ceasefire in late June/early July 1994, although his party colleague Gary McMichael admitted the killings of <mask> and Smallwoods convinced him that an IRA ceasefire was near as he felt these were long-standing targets who were being killed before calling a halt to hostilities. Certain hardline elements with the UDA would later claim that <mask>'s killing had been sanctioned by members of the CLMC who were eager to see a ceasefire as <mask> had been an outspoken opponent of the initiative, although these allegations were never proven. Pastor Kenny McClinton, a dissident former UDA gunman who was variously associated with the Ulster Independence Movement, the Loyalist Volunteer Force and the Orange Volunteers, even suggested in a pamphlet that <mask>'s killing had been arranged by the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP). This was part of a wider theme in McClinton's writing arguing that the PUP was a front for MI5 activity.<mask> and Elder were commemorated in a wall plaque erected outside the Kimberley Bar. The pub, where the pair had been on the day they were killed, was known as a UDA stronghold in the area. In 2007, a banner honouring <mask> during Twelfth of July celebrations by members of the Orange Order was met by outrage from the relatives of those <mask> allegedly killed. An August 2014 march commemorating the pair was condemned by both nationalist politicians and the Ulster Unionist Party after it ended with a ceremony in a Housing Executive-funded First World War garden of remembrance close to the Annadale Flats. Notes

References

1960s births
1994 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland
People killed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army
Ulster Defence Association members

masks:
Joe Bratty
Bratty
Bratty
Bratty
Bratty
Bratty
Bratty
Bratty
Bratty
Bratty
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Bratty
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Bratty
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Bratty


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Pope <mask> (; 669 – 11 February 731) was the bishop of Rome from 19 May 715 to his death. His defiance of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian as a result of the iconoclastic controversy in the Eastern Empire prepared the way for a long series of revolts, schisms and civil wars that eventually led to the establishment of the temporal power of the popes. Early life
Born into a noble Roman family in the year 669, <mask> was the son of Marcellus and Honesta. <mask> II was an alleged collateral ancestor to the Roman Savelli family, according to a 15th-century chronicler, but this is unattested in contemporary documents and very likely unreliable. The same was said of the seventh-century Pope <mask>, but nothing certain is known about a kinship between the two of them. As a young man, he was placed in the papal court, and was made a subdeacon and sacellarius of the Roman See during the pontificate of Sergius I (687–701). Later he was made a deacon and placed in charge of the Vatican Library.During Constantine's pontificate, <mask> was made a papal secretary, and accompanied the pope to Constantinople in 711 to deal with the issues raised by Rome’s rejection of the canons of the Quinisext Council. The actual negotiations on the contentious articles were handled by <mask>, with the result that Emperor Justinian II agreed that the papacy could disregard whichever of the council’s decisions it wished to. After Constantine’s death on 9 April 715, <mask> was elected pope, and was consecrated as bishop of Rome on 19 May 715. First years and expanding missionary activity
Almost immediately, <mask> began the task of repairing Rome's Aurelian Walls, beginning at the Porta Tiburtina. Work on this task was delayed in October 716 when the river Tiber burst its banks and flooded Rome, causing immense damage and only receding after eight days. <mask> ordered a number of litanies to be said to stem the floods, which spread over the Campus Martius and the so-called Plains of Nero, reaching the foot of the Capitoline Hill. The first year of his pontificate also saw a letter arrive from Patriarch John VI of Constantinople, who attempted to justify his support of Monothelitism, while at the same time seeking sympathy from the pope over the position he was in, with respect to the emperor.<mask> responded by sending a letter outlining the traditional Roman position against Monothelitism. Then in 716, <mask> received an official visit from Duke Theodo of Bavaria to discuss the continuing conversion of his lands to Christianity. As a result of this meeting, <mask> gave specific instructions to his delegates who were to travel to Bavaria, coordinate with the duke, and establish a local church hierarchy, overseen by an archbishop. <mask> maintained an interest in Bavaria; in 726 he forced an unwilling Corbinian, after reviewing his appeal through a synod, to abandon his monastic calling, and become bishop of Freising in upper Bavaria. <mask> next turned his attention to Germany. In 718, he was approached by an Anglo-Saxon missionary, Winfrid, who proposed undertaking missionary work in Germany. <mask> agreed, and after changing his name to Boniface, commissioned him in May 719 to preach in Germany.After hearing of the work that had been done so far, in 722 <mask> summoned Boniface back to Rome to answer rumors concerning Boniface’s doctrinal purity. At this face-to-face meeting, Boniface complained that he found <mask>’s Latin difficult to understand, a clear indication that Vulgar Latin had already started to evolve into the Romance languages. After examining Boniface’s written profession of faith, <mask> was satisfied enough that he made Boniface a bishop in November 722, and returned him to Germany to continue his mission. Continued successes saw <mask> write to Boniface in December 724 to offer his congratulations, followed in November 726 by a response to Boniface’s questions about how to structure the newly emergent churches in Germany. <mask> also strengthened papal authority in the churches of Britain and Ireland. In 726 <mask> was visited by Ine, the former King of Wessex, who had abdicated the throne in order to undertake a pilgrimage to Rome and end his life there. Local church activities
<mask> also concerned himself with establishing or restoring monasteries.He turned his family mansion in Rome into a monastery, St. Agatha in Suburra, endowing it with expensive and precious vessels for use at the altar, and also established a new church, dedicated to Sant'Eustachio. In 718 he restored Monte Cassino, which had not recovered from an attack by the Lombards in 584, and he intervened in a dispute at the Monastery of St. Vincent on the Volturno over the deposition of the abbot. In 721, <mask> held a synod in Rome, for the purpose of fixing issues around illegitimate marriages. Then in 723, the longstanding dispute between the patriarchs of Aquileia and Grado flared up again. Upon the request of the Lombard king, Liutprand, <mask> had given the pallium to Bishop Serenus, granting him the patriarchate of Aquileia. Soon afterward, however, <mask> received a letter from Donatus, Patriarch of Grado, complaining that Serenus had overstepped his authority, and was interfering within what was Grado’s ecclesiastical jurisdiction. At the same time, <mask> reprimanded Donatus for complaining about <mask>’s decision to grant the pallium to Serenus in the first place.Then in 725, upon Donatus’ death, the Grado patriarchate was usurped by Peter, the Bishop of Pola. <mask> responded by depriving Peter of both sees, and he wrote to the people of the diocese, reminding them to only elect bishops in accordance with church law, whereupon they elected Antoninus, with <mask>’s approval. <mask> also mandated a number of practices within the Church. He decreed that in Lent, on Thursdays, people should fast, just as they were required to do during the other days of the week. Apparently, the practice had been frowned upon by popes of previous centuries, as pagans had fasted on Thursday as part of their worship of Jupiter. He also prescribed the offices be said during church services on Thursdays in Lent, as prior to this, the Mass of the preceding Sunday was said on those Thursdays. Relations with the Lombards
<mask> attempted to remain on good diplomatic terms with the Lombards, and especially with their king, Liutprand.In April 716 he managed to get Liutprand to agree not to retake the Cottian Alps, which had been granted to the Roman Church in the reign of Aripert II. However, the semi-independent Lombard Duchy of Benevento, under the expansionist duke Romuald II, resumed hostilities by capturing Cumae in 717, cutting Rome off from Naples. Neither threats of divine retribution nor outright bribery made an impression on Romuald, and so <mask> appealed to Duke John I of Naples, funding his campaign to successfully retake Cumae. That same year saw the Lombard duke Faroald <mask> of Spoleto, capture Classis, the port of Ravenna. <mask> brokered a deal with Liutprand, who forced Faroald to return it to the Exarch of Ravenna. Perceiving that the Lombard threat would continue to fester and they would take imperial territory in Italy a piece at a time, in around 721 <mask> appealed to the Franks, asking Charles Martel to intervene and drive out the Lombards. Charles however, did not respond to the request.Imperial weakness in Italy encouraged further Lombard incursions, and in 725, they captured the fortress of Narni. Then in 727, with the Exarchate of Ravenna in chaos over the Byzantine Emperor’s iconoclast decrees (see below), the Lombards captured and destroyed Classis and overran the Pentapolis. Although Classis was retaken in 728, fighting continued between Byzantine forces and the Lombards until 729, when <mask> brokered a deal between Liutprand and the Byzantine exarch, Eutychius, bringing about a temporary ceasing of hostilities that held until <mask>’s death. <mask> and Liutprand met in 729 at the ancient city of Sutri. Here, the two reached an agreement, known as the Donation of Sutri, whereby Sutri and some hill towns in Latium (see Vetralla) were given to the papacy. They were the first extension of papal territory beyond the confines of the Duchy of Rome, and in effect marked the beginning of the Papal States. Conflict with Emperor <mask>

Tensions between <mask> and the imperial court began around 722 when emperor Leo III attempted to raise taxes on the papal patrimonies in Italy, draining the Papacy’s monetary reserves.Leo required this revenue to pay for the ongoing Arab war, while <mask> needed it to provide local foodstuffs for the city of Rome, thereby relieving Rome on its reliance upon the long-distance supply of grain. The result of which was, through refusing to pay the additional taxes, <mask> encouraged the Roman populace to drive the imperial governor of Rome from the city, and Leo was unable to impose his will upon Rome, as Lombard pressure kept the exarch of Ravenna from fielding an army to bring the pope to heel. However, in 725, possibly at the emperor’s request, Marinus, who had been sent from Constantinople to govern the Duchy of Rome, encouraged a conspiracy to murder the pope. Involving a duke named Basil, the Chartoularios Jordanes, and a subdeacon named Laurion, the departure of Marinus paused the plot, only to see it resume with the arrival of the new exarch, Paul. However, the plot was uncovered, and the conspirators were put to death. Then in 726, Leo issued an iconoclast edict, condemning possession of any icon of the saints. Although Leo made no move to enforce this edict in the west beyond having it read in Rome and Ravenna, <mask> immediately rejected the edict.Upon hearing this, the Exarchate of Ravenna rose in revolt against the imperial imposition of iconoclasm. The armies of Ravenna and the Duchy of the Pentapolis mutinied, denouncing both Exarch Paul and Leo III, and overthrew those officers who remained loyal. Paul rallied the loyalist forces and attempted to restore order, but was killed. The armies discussed electing their own emperor and marching on Constantinople, but were dissuaded by Pope <mask> from acting against Leo. At the same time, the self-described “duke” Exhilaratus and his son Hadrian rebelled in Naples, sided with the emperor and marched on Rome in order to kill <mask>, but were overthrown by the people and killed. In 727, <mask> summoned a synod to condemn iconoclasm. According to Greek sources, principally Theophanes, it was at this point that <mask> excommunicated Leo.However, no western source, in particular, the Liber pontificalis, confirms this act by <mask>. He then dispatched two letters to Leo, denying the Imperial right to interfere in matters of doctrine. He wrote:
"You say: ‘We worship stones and walls and boards.’ But it is not so, O Emperor; but they serve us for remembrance and encouragement, lifting our slow spirits upwards, by those whose names the pictures bear and whose representations they are. And we worship them not as God, as you maintain, God forbid!... Even the little children mock at you. Go into one of their schools, say that you are the enemy of images, and straightway they will throw their little tablets at your head, and what you have failed to learn from the wise you may pick up from the foolish... In virtue of the power which has come down to us from St. Peter, the Prince of the Apostles, we might inflict punishment upon you, but since you have invoked one on yourself, have that, you and the counselors you have chosen... though you have so excellent a high priest, our brother Germanus, whom you ought to have taken into your counsels as father and teacher. . . .The dogmas of the Church are not a matter for the emperor, but for the bishops." <mask>'s letters to Leo have been accused of being apocryphal, and may not accurately reflect the real content of <mask>'s correspondence with Leo. In 728, Leo sent to Italy a new exarch, Eutychius, to try to retrieve the situation. Eutychius sent an emissary to Rome, with instructions to kill <mask> and the chief nobility in the city, but the plot was uncovered and foiled. Next, he attempted to turn the Lombard king and dukes against the pope, but they retained their ambivalent stance, not committing one way or the other. That same year <mask> wrote to Patriarch Germanus I of Constantinople, giving the patriarch his support, and when Germanus abdicated, <mask> refused to acknowledge the new patriarch, Anastasius, nor the iconoclast rulings of a council summoned by Leo. In 729, Eutychius finally managed to bring about an alliance with the Lombard king, Liutprand, and both agreed to help the other deal with their rebellious subjects.After they had subjugated the dukes of Spoleto and Benevento, bringing them under Liutprand’s authority, they turned to Rome with the intent of bringing <mask> to heel. However, outside Rome, <mask> managed to break up the alliance against him, with Liutprand returning to Pavia. After this, Eutychius reached an uneasy truce with <mask>, and the pope in return forged a temporary truce between the Lombards and the Byzantines. Regardless, <mask> was still a devoted and vigorous defender of the empire. This was demonstrated in 730 when there arose another usurper, Tiberius Petasius, who raised a revolt in Tuscany. He was defeated by the exarch Eutychius, who received steady support from Pope <mask>. <mask> died on 11 February 731, and was buried in St. Peter’s Basilica.The location of his tomb has since been lost. He was subsequently canonized and is commemorated as a saint in the Roman calendar and martyrology on 13 February, although some martyrologies list him under 11 February. Miracle at the Battle of Toulouse (721)
A miracle concerning <mask> II is linked to the victory over Muslim forces at the Battle of Toulouse (721). According to the Liber Pontificalis, in 720 Pope <mask> sent to Odo, Duke of Aquitaine, "three blessed sponges/baskets of bread". The Duke kept these, and just before the battle outside of Toulouse, he distributed small portions of these to be eaten by his troops. After the battle, it was reported that no one who had eaten a part of the sponges/baskets of bread had been killed or wounded. References

Literature

 Ekonomou, Andrew J., Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern Influences on Rome and the Papacy from <mask> the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752 (2007)
 Levillain, Philippe, The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies, Routledge (2002)
 Treadgold, Warren, A History of the Byzantine State and Society (1997)
 Mann, Horace K., The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol.I: The Popes Under the Lombard Rule, Part 2, 657–795 (1903)
 Bury, John Bagnall, A History of the Later Roman Empire From Arcadius to Irene, Vol. II (1889)

 . Annette Grabowsky: Gregor II. In: Germanische Altertumskunde Online (nur bei De Gruyter Online verfügbarer Artikel mit umfassenden Quellen- und Literaturangaben) 2014. 669 births
731 deaths
Popes
Popes of the Byzantine Papacy
8th-century archbishops
Papal saints
8th-century Christian saints
8th-century popes
Leo III the Isaurian

masks:
Gregory II
Gregory
Gregory
Benedict II
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
Gregory
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II
Gregory
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Gregory
Gregory
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Leo III
Gregory
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<mask> (spelled also <mask>, <mask> or <mask> in some sources) was a 17th-century English merchant born in London to a French Huguenot father and an English mother. During a commercial voyage between Europe and South America he was blown off course, and visited the Antarctic island of South Georgia, making the first discovery of land south of the Antarctic Convergence. 1675 Voyage

Discovery of South Georgia
Having acquired a 350-ton ship in Hamburg and obtained permission by the Spanish authorities to trade in Spanish America, <mask> called at the Canary Islands in May 1674 and in October that year arrived in the port of Callao in the Viceroyalty of Peru by way of Le Maire Strait and Cape Horn. On his return voyage, sailing from Chiloé Island (Chile) to Bahia de Todos os Santos (Salvador, Brazil), in April 1675 <mask> rounded Cape Horn and was overwhelmed by tempestuous conditions in the tricky waters off Staten Island (Isla de los Estados). His ship failed to make Le Maire Strait as desired, nor round the east extremity of Staten Island (i.e. make the mythical 'Brouwer's Strait' present on the old maps since the 1643 Dutch expedition of Admiral Hendrik Brouwer), and was carried far away to the east instead. Eventually they found refuge in one of South Georgia's southern bays – possibly Drygalski Fjord according to some experts – where the battered ship anchored for a fortnight.According to <mask>é's report published in London in 1678 and its surviving 1690 summary, "they found a Bay, in which they anchored close to a Point or Cape which stretches out to the Southeast with 28. 30. and 40. fathoms sand and rock". The surrounding glaciated, mountainous terrain was described as "some Snow Mountains near the Coast, with much bad Weather". Once the weather cleared up, the ship set sail, and while rounding the southeast extremity of South Georgia they sighted Clerke Rocks further to the southeast. Gough Island landing
Several days after his departure from South Georgia, <mask>é came across another uninhabited island, "where they found water, wood and fish", and spent six days "without seeing any human being", thus making what some historians believe was the first landing on the South Atlantic island that had been discovered by the Portuguese navigator Gonçalo Álvares in 1505 or 1506 (and known as Gough Island since 1731). La Roché successfully reached the Brazilian port of Salvador, and eventually arrived in La Rochelle, France on 29 September 1675. Legacy
Soon after the voyage, cartographers started to depict on their maps Roché Island, and Straits de la Roche separating the island from an Unknown Land to the southeast, honouring the discoverer.Captain James Cook was aware of <mask>oché's discovery, mentioning it in his ship journal upon approaching South Georgia in January 1775. However, Cook made the first recorded landing, and surveyed and mapped Roché Island, renaming it for King George III in the process. The second-ever map of South Georgia, made in 1802 by Captain Isaac Pendleton of the American sealing vessel Union and reproduced by the Italian polar cartographer Arnaldo Faustini in 1906, was entitled South Georgia; Discovered by the Frenchman La Roche in the year 1675. (Pendleton erred regarding <mask>'s nationality due to his French last name.) Maps showing <mask>é's discovery
In particular, the newly discovered island appeared on the following 17th–18th century maps:

 J.T. Albernaz, J. <mask> e F. <mask> y Lovera. Mapas generales originales y universales des todo el orue con los puertos principales y fortalezas de Ambas Indias y una descripcion topographica de la region Austral Magallonica año de 1692.Published in 1630, appended in 1692. L'Isle, <mask>; J. Covens & C. Mortier. (1700/20). L'Amerique Meridionale. Paris. <mask>, Henry A. (1705/19).Nouvelle Carte de Géographie de la Partie Méridionale de l'Amérique. Amsterdam. L'Isle, <mask> & Henry A. Chatelain. (1705/19). Carte du Paraguai, du Chili, du Detroit de Magellan. Paris. Lens, Bernard & George Vertue.(ca. 1710). Map of South America. London. Price, Charles. (ca. 1713).South America corrected from the observations communicated to the Royal Society's of London and Paris. London. De Fer, <mask>. (1720). Partie la plus méridionale de l'Amérique, où se trouve le Chili, le Paraguay, et les Terres Magellaniques avec les Fameux Détroits de Magellan et de Le Maire. Paris. Homann Heirs.(1733). Typus Geographicus Chili a Paraguay Freti <mask>ci. Nuremberg. Moll, Herman. (1736). A map of Chili, Patagonia, La Plata and ye South Part of Brasil. London.L'Isle, <mask> & Giambattista Albrizzi. (1740). Carta Geografica della America Meridionale. Venice. Seale, Richard W. (ca. 1745). A Map of South America.With all the European Settlements & whatever else is remarkable from the latest & best observations. London. Cowley, John. (ca. 1745). A Map of South America. Londra.Gibson, John. (1753). South America. London. Buache, Philippe. (1754). Carte des Terres Australes, Comprises entre le Tropique du Capricorne et le Pôle Antarctique.Paris. Jefferys, Thomas. (1776). South America. Londra. <mask> Vaugondy, Didier. (1777).Hemisphère Australe ou Antarctique. Paris. Arrowsmith, Aaron. (1794). Map of the World on a Globular Projection, Exhibiting Particularly the Nautical Researches of Capn. James Cook, F.R.S. with all the Recent Discoveries to the Present Time.London. Honours
Roché Peak, the highest feature on Bird Island, South Georgia, and Roché Glacier in Vinson Massif, Antarctica are named for <mask> <mask>. See also
 History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
 Gough Island
 Roché Glacier
 Roché Peak

References

English explorers
Sailors from London
Explorers of Antarctica
History of South Georgia
17th-century English people
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
17th century in Antarctica

masks:
Anthony de la Roché
Antoine de la Roché
Antonio de la Roché
Antonio de la Roca
la Roché
la Roché
la Roch
la Roch
la R
la Roché
la Roch
de Attayde
de Seixas
Guillaume de
Chatelain
Guillaume de
Nicolas
Magellani
Guillaume de
Robert de
Anthony de
la Roché


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<mask> (born 20 December 1968) is an English comedian and filmmaker. With his long-time comedy partner, Adam Buxton, he forms the comedy duo Adam and <mask>. In 2011, <mask> released his directorial debut Attack the Block. He also co-wrote The Adventures of Tintin with Steven Moffat and Edgar Wright, and Ant-Man, with Wright, Adam McKay and Paul Rudd. Early life
<mask> was educated at the independent Westminster School in central London, where he became friends with both Adam Buxton and Louis Theroux. At age 18, he went on to study at the Bournemouth Film School. Career

The Adam and Joe Show

The Adam and Joe Show was an ironic pop culture sketch show written, presented and directed by the duo.The show found cult success during its four series between 1996 and 2001. The best-known segments featured hit feature films recreated with stuffed toys, British television shows parodied using Star Wars action figures, and Vinyl Justice, in which the pair invaded rock stars' homes and searched their record collections for embarrassing records. Since the end of The Adam and Joe Show, <mask> has continued to work in British television and radio as a presenter, writer and director, both with and without Buxton. He wrote and presented the BBC Radio 4 film programme Back Row between 2002 and 2003. In 2001, he fronted the topical discussion show This Week Only, alongside Nick Frost and Lauren Laverne. In 2007, he and Buxton began presenting Adam and Joe, a radio show on BBC Radio 6 Music. This was put on hold during 2010 while <mask> directed Attack the Block; a new series began on Saturday 2 April 2011.Film & TV
<mask> has made a number of behind the scenes documentaries/video diaries. They include <mask> following the making of Little Britain series 2, which was screened on BBC Three and is included on the Little Britain Series 2 DVD; a video diary of his brief cameo as a zombie, which appears on the UK Shaun of the Dead DVD; and Hot Fuzz: The Fuzzball Rally, where he followed his friends and collaborators, Edgar Wright, Nick Frost and Simon Pegg on the US press tour for their film Hot Fuzz. There have been two cuts of the Fuzzball Rally: a 28-minute version was included on the Hot Fuzz HD DVD (UK/US) and a 71-minute version was included on both the 3-Disc Collectors Edition DVD (US) and the Blu-ray Disc (US/UK) of Fuzz. The documentary caused the latter's certification to be changed from a 15 certificate to an 18 certificate, due to the very strong language the documentary contains. He made a brief appearance in Hot Fuzz as a white suited and bemasked Scenes-of-Crime Officer named "Bob". In 2017, he made a cameo in Star Wars: The Last Jedi alongside Wright, where both played Resistance fighters. In 2006, he was announced as co-writer on a feature film adaptation of the Marvel Comics comic book character Ant-Man, with Shaun of the Dead director Edgar Wright.Both Wright and <mask> received story by and screenplay credit on the finished film, after Wright's departure from the project in 2014. Wright and <mask> also rewrote Steven Moffat's script for The Adventures of Tintin co-starring Simon Pegg, for Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson. In November 2013, <mask> was tipped to be J. J. Abrams' lead choice for director of the upcoming Star Trek Beyond. However, Roberto Orci was ultimately chosen to direct, before leaving the project in late 2014. In December 2020, the popular middle grade thriller series Lockwood & Co. was announced to be going to Netflix, adapted by <mask>. <mask> has continued his work in television comedy, directing parts of the pilot of Modern Toss, and the pilot to Channel 4's Blunder. According to an interview in Word Magazine, he pulled out of directing the series of Blunder due to creative differences with Channel 4 and the production company.In early 2007, he directed the video for Charlotte Hatherley's single "I Want You to Know". Attack the Block
On 13 May 2011, Optimum released Attack the Block, <mask>'s directorial debut, which was executive produced by his friend and collaborator, Edgar Wright, and produced by Film4, Big Talk Pictures, The UK Film Council and StudioCanal. The film is a science fiction action comedy horror film set in South London that pitches a gang of youths against an alien invasion. The film initially had no US distributor, but after the reaction of the press and attendees at the SXSW premiere, the US rights were purchased by Screen Gems for theatrical release on 29 July 2011. The Kid Who Would Be King
<mask>'s second film was the fantasy adventure The Kid Who Would Be King, starring Louis Ashbourne Serkis. Filming took place in Tintagel. The film, also featuring Patrick Stewart and Rebecca Ferguson, was released on 25 January 2019.Future projects
In June 2012, it was announced that <mask> had been signed as director of a future film adaptation of Neal Stephenson's classic 1992 novel Snow Crash for Paramount Pictures. In May 2020, it was announced that <mask> would direct and write the TV series adaptation of Lockwood & Co. for Netflix. In April 2021, it was announced that <mask> would direct and write an adaptation of Starlight for 20th Century Studios. In May 2021, it was announced that <mask> would write, direct, and produce the sequel to Attack the Block. Filmography

Film

Cameo roles

Television

References

External links

 The Tall Guy: The <mask> Interview – Channel 4
 Adam and Joe: How We Met – The Independent
 <mask>, Adam and the Ant-man – The Independent
 Some Groovy Attack the Block Updates – Shaun of the Dead With Aliens? 1968 births
Living people
English male comedians
English film critics
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
English radio personalities
English television personalities
English television presenters
Comedians from London
Film directors from London
Male actors from London
Writers from London
People from Westminster
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Arts University Bournemouth
English male non-fiction writers
People from Stockwell

masks:
Joseph Murray Cornish
Joe
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Joe Cornish
Joe


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<mask> (李重俊) (died 7 August 707), formally Crown Prince Jiemin (節愍太子), was a crown prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, during the second reign of his father Emperor Zhongzong. He was made crown prince because the only son of his father's wife Empress Wei, <mask>, had been killed before his father's return to the throne, but on account of his mother's low birth, he was often humiliated by Empress Wei's daughter <mask>'er the Princess Anle and her husband Wu Chongxun (武崇訓). In 707, in anger, he started a coup and killed Wu Chongxun and his father Wu Sansi the Prince of Dejing, but his subsequent attempt to arrest Empress Wei, <mask>'er, and Consort Shangguan Wan'er was thwarted, and he was killed in flight. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born, but it was recorded that he was the third son of Emperor Zhongzong (<mask>), although his younger brother Emperor Shang was born in either 695 or 698, and so he must be born sometime there before. It is not known who his mother was other than that she was not Emperor Zhongzong's wife Empress Wei. It is further unknown whether he was born before or during Emperor Zhongzong's brief first reign in 684, or during his exile from 684 to 698. However, upon the recall of <mask>, then carrying the title of Prince of Lulin during the reign of <mask>'s grandmother Wu Zetian, to the capital Luoyang, Wu Zetian created <mask> the Prince of Yixing.In 705, <mask> was restored to the throne after Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup. He created <mask> the Prince of Wei and made him the prefect of Luo Prefecture (洛州, i.e., Luoyang). He was also made a general and the commandant at Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), although he remained at Luoyang and did not report to Yang Prefecture. As crown prince
In 706, <mask> was created crown prince. It was said that he was intelligent and decisive, but because he lacked good teachers, he did not act properly. Emperor Zhongzong made his brothers-in-law Yang Shenjiao (楊慎交) the husband of Princess Changning and Wu Chongxun the husband of <mask>'er the Princess Anle his advisors. It was said that all Yang and Wu did were to play sports with <mask> and were not carrying out actions to educate or protect him.His staff members Yao Ting (姚珽) and Ping Zhenshen (平貞慎) did frequently advise him to act properly, and <mask> treated them with respect, but could not carry out their suggestions. At that time, Wu Chongxun's father Wu Sansi the Prince of Dejing was a lover of Empress Wei and a trusted advisor to Emperor Zhongzong, and shortly after <mask> was created crown prince, he persuaded <mask> to suggest that five officials who had been instrumental in returning Emperor Zhongzong to the throne but who had subsequently lost out to Wu Sansi in a power struggle -- Jing Hui, Huan Yanfan, Zhang Jianzhi, Yuan Shuji, and Cui Xuanwei—be killed and their clans be slaughtered. Emperor Zhongzong did not accept the suggestion, although subsequently the five were all either killed cruelly or died in exile. Meanwhile, because <mask> was not born of Empress Wei, she disliked him. Further, Wu Chongxun and <mask>'er both often humiliated <mask>, sometimes even calling him "slave" on account of his mother's lower birth. <mask>'er, Emperor Zhongzong's favorite daughter, also often suggested to Emperor Zhongzong that he depose <mask> and make her crown princess. In fall 707 (by which time the capital had moved back to Chang'an), <mask>'s anger erupted, and he, the ethnically Mohe general <mask>o, and his father's cousin <mask> (李千里) the Prince of Cheng rose in rebellion, along with other generals <mask> (李思沖), <mask>ang (李承況), Dugu Yizhi (獨孤褘之), and Shazha Zhongyi (沙吒忠義).They took a group of imperial guards and attacked Wu Sansi's mansion, killing him and Wu Chongxun. They then attacked the palace, seeking to arrest Empress Wei, <mask>'er, and Emperor Zhongzong's concubine Consort Shangguan Wan'er (who also had an affair with Wu Sansi). The imperial guards at the palace defended against the attack, and <mask> hesitated—hoping to be able to converse with Emperor Zhongzong himself to plead his case. The eunuch Yang Sixu (楊思勗) took the opportunity to counterattack and kill <mask>'s forward commander, <mask>o's son-in-law Ye Huli (野呼利). Emperor Zhongzong then spoke to <mask>'s soldiers, urging them to desert. The soldiers thereafter turned against <mask> and killed <mask>o, <mask>ang, Dugu, and Shazha; in a separate attack, <mask>li and his son <mask> (李禧) the Prince of Tianshui were killed in battle. <mask> fled with some 100 soldiers toward the Qinling Mountains, but soldiers deserted on the way, and by the time he reached Hu (戶縣, near Chang'an), he only had several soldiers with him.As they were resting under a tree, the soldiers killed him and surrendered. Emperor Zhongzong presented <mask>'s head to the imperial ancestral temple (in other words, treating him as having committed treason), and then also presented it to the caskets of Wu Sansi and Wu Chongxun. He then hung <mask>'s head on the government wall. None of <mask>'s staff members, fearful that they would be accused of treason themselves, dared to approach <mask>'s body, but the secretary general of Yonghe County (永和, in modern Linfen, Shanxi), Ning Jiaxu (甯嘉勗), took off his own shirt, wrapped <mask>'s head in it, and wept bitterly—and as a result was demoted to be the secretary general of the distant Xingping County (興平, in modern Foshan, Guangdong). After Emperor Zhongzong's death in 710, Empress Wei was overthrown in a coup led by <mask>'s cousin <mask> the Prince of Linzi and their aunt Princess Taiping, and <mask>'s father and <mask>'s uncle <mask> the Prince of Xiang became emperor (as Emperor Ruizong). Emperor Ruizong restored <mask>'s title as crown prince, reburied him with honors due a crown prince and gave him the posthumous name of Jiemin (meaning "self-controlled and suffering"). Ancestry

Personal Information
<mask>'s consort was Lady Yang; her younger sister Empress Yuanxian was mother of the future Emperor Suzong of Tang.<mask> had a son named <mask> (李宗晖) born by Lady Yang. Zonghui would be created Prince of Huyang during the reign of his grand-uncle Emperor Ruizong of Tang and serve as Taichangyuanwaiqing (太常员外卿) in the Tianbao era of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 86. New Book of Tang, vol. 81. Zizhi Tongjian, vols.208, 209. Tang dynasty generals
Tang dynasty imperial princes
707 deaths
Year of birth unknown
7th-century births
Heirs apparent who never acceded

masks:
Li Chongjun
Li Chongrun
Li Guo
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Xian
Li Xian
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Xian
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Duozu
Li Qianli
Li Sichong
Li Chengku
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Duozu
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Duozu
Li Chengku
Li Qian
Li Xi
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Longji
Li Longji
Li Chongjun
Li Dan
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Chongjun
Li Zonghui


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<mask> (February 23, 1881 – November 29, 1942) was a pioneer in East Texas oilfield development, president of Standard Oil and a founding member and president of the American Petroleum Institute. He was a member of the influential <mask> family. Early life
<mask> was born in Mayersville, Mississippi the son of <mask> (1843–1899) and Katherine Maude Power (1860–1931) and the grandnephew of Jefferson Davis. He attended school at St. Thomas Hall, an Episcopal preparatory school at Holly Springs, Mississippi. The school was founded in 1844 by a New Yorker, the Reverend Francis Lister Hawks (1798–1866). A brilliant, winsome, and sometimes controversial Episcopal priest and educator, Hawks attracted motivated students from all over the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi. Hawks's vision for the school in Holly Springs was derived in part from W.A.Muhlenberg's successful schools on Long Island. In 1847, Hawks left Mississippi to become the first President of the University of Louisiana in New Orleans (now the Tulane University of Louisiana). Career
After receiving a law degree from the University of Mississippi in 1900, he practiced law for three months at Clarksdale, Mississippi, before moving to Beaumont, Texas, when oil was discovered at the Spindletop oilfield. He became supervisor of wells for Texas Oil Fields, Limited, an English syndicate. The next year he organized the Brown-Farish Oil Company, which did contract drilling and traded in oil. The firm became bankrupt at Brown's death, but <mask> succeeded in borrowing money to pay creditors. By 1904 <mask> and Robert Lee Blaffer had formed a partnership to do contract drilling and lease trading.The next year Blaffer and <mask> moved to Houston to be nearer the Humble field. In 1915, <mask> became president of the Gulf Coast Producers Association and subsequently was named president of the Texas-Louisiana Oil and Gas Association. In March 1917, he and others organized the Humble Oil and Refining Company. As vice president, <mask> was in charge of production, advancing industry technology and helping the company expand rapidly. In 1918, he raised the profile of Humble, serving on the Petroleum Committee of the Council for National Defense. When Humble grew short of capital for expansion, <mask> turned to industry executives he had met. He negotiated with Walter Teagle, head of Standard Oil of New Jersey (later Exxon Corporation), which paid $17 million for a slight majority of Humble in 1919, and Humble gained a market for its oil and financial backing to build in Baytown, Texas one of the world's largest refineries.<mask> served as vice president for five years and in 1922 became president. The Houston company, which remained surprisingly autonomous, became Jersey Standard's largest operating unit. In 1926, <mask> became a founder and president of the American Petroleum Institute, taking a leadership position in oil conservation. In 1933, he became chairman of the board of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, which held substantial stock interest in Humble, and in 1937, he became president of Standard. At the beginning of World War II, <mask> was a member of the National Petroleum Industry War Council. World War II controversy

<mask> had been a principal in a partnership between a Standard Oil/General Motors owned company, Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, and the German company I.G. Farben.This jointly owned venture, Ethyl GmbH, was involved with the creation of the Auschwitz labor camp on June 14, 1940, to produce artificial rubber from coal and they also built then operated tetraethyllead plants in Germany. On March 25, 1942, U.S. Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold announced that <mask>, along with other officers of Standard Oil and related companies, pleaded "no contest" in the criminal courts of Newark, New Jersey to criminally conspiring with the Nazi government in Germany. As part of a plea bargain, the charges were dropped in exchange for Standard Oil releasing its German patents and payment of fines totaling about $50,000. <mask>s <mask> was fined $1,000 while similar fines were levied against Standard Oil -- $5,000 each  for  the parent company and for several  subsidiaries. This did not interfere with the millions of dollars that <mask> had profited as a large  stockholder, chairman  and president of Standard Oil. He was described by Senator Harry Truman in public as approaching 'treason' for profiting from the Nazi war machine and withholding patents from the US government. Lazy F Ranch
<mask>amps <mask> II founded Lazy F Ranch in Texas.After his death in 1942, his widow and daughter took over the running of the operation. Under Lazy F colors, Martha Gerry bred and raced a number of Thoroughbred racehorses the most famous of which was Forego who raced between 1973 and 1978. Voted United States Horse of the Year three years in a row and a U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Forego was ranked #8 in The Blood-Horse magazine list of  the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century. Personal life
On June 1, 1911, he married Libbie Randon Rice in Houston. Libbie was a cousin of the first wife of Jefferson Davis, Sarah Knox Taylor, daughter of President Zachary Taylor, and a granddaughter of Walter Browne Botts, a founder of the international law firm of Baker-Botts. (Farish's great-grandfather, Hazelwood M<mask> (1809–1851), married Jane Lucinda Davis (1821–51), youngest sister of Jefferson Davis, President of the CSA.)Together, W.S. and Libbie <mask> had a son and a daughter:

 <mask> <mask> Jr. was in the US Air Force during World War II and was the father of <mask> <mask> <mask> (b. 1939). <mask> (1918–2007), who married Edward Harriman Gerry (1914–2003), in 1939. Gerry was the son of Robert Livingston Gerry Sr. (1877–1957) and Cornelia Averell Harriman (1884–1966), the daughter of railroad executive E. H. Harriman and his wife <mask> Averell. <mask> resided in the Shadyside community, developed by his friend, Joseph S. Cullinan. <mask> <mask> <mask> died at the age of 61 on November 29, 1942, in Millbrook, New York, while visiting friends; he was buried in Houston.<mask> had established the W. S. Farish Co. in 1929 to manage the family assets, which were valued by Forbes in 1992 at $400 million. The holdings include the Farish Fund foundation, providing millions for charitable causes. W. S. Farish Co., today is headed by grandson <mask>, and still operates in Houston. See also
<mask>amps <mask> <mask> (grandson)
<mask> <mask> IV (great grandson)

References

1881 births
1942 deaths
Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Houston, Texas)
American businesspeople in the oil industry
People from Mayersville, Mississippi
Standard Oil
ExxonMobil people

masks:
William Stamps Farish II
Farish
Farish
William Stamps Farish I
Farish
Farish
Farish
Farish
Farish
Farish
Farish
Farish
Farish
Farish
Farish
William Stamp
Farish
Farish
William St
Farish
. Farish
Rice Farish
William Stamps
Farish
William Stamps
Farish
III
Martha Farish
Mary Williamson
Farish
William Stamps
Farish
II
Farish
Will III
William St
Farish
III
William Stamps
Farish


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<mask> (born 19 June 1955) is a British executive. As of 2020 he was the chairman of the National Trust, Post Office Ltd, and Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS). From 1986 to 2014, he was successively the CEO of Kenwood, Clarks Shoes, Kwik-Fit, the AA, and Samsonite, and led each company in a turnaround. He was appointed the chairman of the National Trust in 2014, chairman of Post Office Ltd in 2015, and chairman of HMCTS in 2018. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Aldershot, Hampshire, in 1955. The son of an army officer, he spent much of his childhood abroad. He was educated at Abingdon School in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, leaving in 1973.He attended Pembroke College, Oxford, where he was chairman of the Oxford University Labour Club. He holds an MA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Oxford (1977), and an MSc in Business Studies from the London Business School (1981). Career
After graduating from Oxford, <mask> worked as a junior economist in HM Treasury from 1977 to 1979. In 1981, after obtaining his business degree, he joined Thorn EMI as assistant to Sir William Barlow, chairman of the engineering group. At the age of 26, he was appointed CEO of Blakeslee, a small engineering subsidiary of Thorn EMI in Chicago. After two years he had the business sold off as lacking in scalability. Returning to the UK, he headed Crypto Peerless, a Birmingham company manufacturing foodservice equipment, which in a little over two years he took from break-even to £800,000 in profits.In 1986, he was appointed CEO of the appliance manufacturer Kenwood. In 1989 he led a management-based leveraged buyout of the business, with backing from the private-equity firm Candover Investments; the company was purchased for £52 million. It was listed on London Stock Exchange in 1992 at a valuation of £104 million. In 1996, <mask> became CEO of Clarks Shoes. He substantially reorganised the company, closed 20 factories, moved manufacturing overseas, and revived the Clarks brand with more up-to-date shoe styles. Within six years the company's profitability increased by 150%, and by the time he left in 2002 it had revenues approaching £1 billion a year. In August 2002, he was hired as CEO of Kwik-Fit, after CVC Capital Partners acquired the company from Ford.He undertook a major restructuring of the business, including cutting 3,000 jobs. During his tenure as CEO, profits increased by 250%. The business was sold to PAI Partners in 2005 for £800 million, with <mask> earning £20 million from the deal. In 2004, CVC Capital Partners and Permira purchased the AA from Centrica for £1.75 billion, and <mask> was appointed CEO. During the next two years, he carried out a fundamental restructuring programme; one-third of the company's 10,000 jobs were cut in the process. <mask> was subsequently dubbed the "Prince of Darkness" by trade unions. The AA's EBITDA increased from £120 million in 2004 to £305 million in 2007.In 2007, the AA merged with Saga at an enterprise value of £3.35 billion. From 7 July to 19 August 2008, <mask> served as First Deputy Mayor of London, under Boris Johnson. He was also chairman of Transport for London and CEO of the Greater London Authority during that period, prior to resigning. In November 2008, he was appointed non-executive chairman of Samsonite, and was made CEO in January 2009. CVC Capital Partners had acquired Samsonite in July 2007, and the ensuing financial crisis of 2007–2008 hit the luggage company hard due to the declines in international air travel and consumer spending; 2008 earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation collapsed from $120 million to only $40 million globally. <mask> was brought in to turn the company around. He restructured the company, replaced its management, cut jobs, closed stores, and invested funds in new suitcase designs and marketing.In 2010, earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation revived to $192 million. The company was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in June 2011, raising $1.25 billion in the IPO. Following his appointment to the National Trust, in August 2014 <mask> resigned as CEO of Samsonite, effective 1 October 2014; he remained on as non-executive chairman of the company. In 2009, he was the lead investor in the private-equity acquisition of British Pathé, and the historic film archive launched a newly established and dedicated London office, and a new, updated, quicker, and simpler website. He remains a director and owner of the British Pathé film archive. In 2014 <mask> was appointed chairman of the National Trust, an unpaid role. In May 2021 the National Trust announced that he would be stepping down in October 2021.<mask> became chairman of Post Office Ltd in October 2015, in the midst of a long dispute between the Post Office and a number of subpostmasters over problems with its Horizon computer system. In June 2016, he told subpostmasters that replacing the Horizon system would "incur considerable risk". The faulty Horizon system was responsible for hundreds of subpostmasters being accused of accounting fraud and theft since its installation in 1999, and dozens of false convictions. In December 2019, the Post Office agreed to a £58 million settlement, and a High Court judge ruled that bugs, errors, and defects in the Horizon system caused shortfalls in branch accounts. In October 2020, after the Post Office conceded appeals by 44 former subpostmasters to overturn convictions linked to the Horizon accounting scandal, <mask> issued an apology, stating "I am sincerely sorry on behalf of the Post Office for historical failings which seriously affected some postmasters. Post Office is resetting its relationship with postmasters with reforms that prevent such past events ever happening again. Post Office wishes to ensure that all postmasters entitled to claim civil compensation because of their convictions being overturned are recompensed as quickly as possible.Therefore, we are considering the best process for doing that." In April 2018, <mask> was appointed chairman of Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS), effective 27 April 2018. Additional board memberships
As of 2020, in addition to being chairman of Samsonite, <mask> is an advisor to CVC Capital Partners. He is also a trustee of the Royal Academy of Music. Personal life
<mask> is married and has four children. See also
 List of Old Abingdonians

References

Living people
1955 births
People educated at Abingdon School
National Trust people
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of London Business School

masks:
Timothy Charles Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker


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<mask> (June 26, 1741September 18, 1819) was a politician from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and a Founding Father of the United States. He served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, signed the United States Constitution, and was one of the first two United States senators from New Hampshire. As a member of the Continental Congress, <mask> was an early supporter of the Revolutionary War. He later served in United States Congress for 12 years, including as the first president pro tempore of the Senate, before becoming president and later governor of New Hampshire. He turned down a nomination for U.S. vice presidential candidate in 1812. Early life
<mask>'s father was a prosperous farmer and local shipbuilder whose family had emigrated to America before 1660 from Sheviock, Caradon, Cornwall. The <mask>s were among the first to settle near the mouth of the Piscataqua River, a community which became Portsmouth, one of New England 's major seaports.<mask> attended the local grammar school run by a veteran of the 1745 Siege of Louisbourg against the French at Fortress of Louisbourg in New France. After finishing his primary education, he and his older brother, Woodbury <mask>, rejected the opportunity to join in their father's successful agricultural livelihood and apprenticed themselves to local naval merchants. By age 22, <mask> was captain of the cargo ship Andromache, sailing to the West Indies. Four years later he owned his first merchantman and would continue over time to acquire a small fleet of vessels engaging in the triangle trade between Portsmouth, the Caribbean, and London. His older brother was even more successful in international trade, and by 1777 both young men were among Portsmouth's wealthiest citizens. American Revolution
British control of the shipping industries limited <mask>'s business, motivating him to become a vigorous and prominent supporter of the revolutionary movement in the 1770s. He served on the New Hampshire committee of correspondence and a nonimportation committee and also attended various Patriot assemblies.In 1774, he participated in the seizure and confiscation of British munitions from Fort William and Mary. <mask> served as a member of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776. He was one of the signatories of the U.S. Constitution. He resigned from the Congress in June 1776 to become an agent for the Continental forces against the British and superintended the construction of several warships including the "Raleigh", the "America", and the "Ranger." In 1777, he equipped an expedition against the British, participating in the Battle of Bennington and commanding <mask>'s Company of Light Horse Volunteers at Saratoga and in Rhode Island. Political career

In 1784, he built at Portsmouth the mansion now known as the <mask> <mask> House. <mask> was elected to two terms as president of New Hampshire, once between 1785 and 1786 and again between 1788 and 1789.He was a member of the Congress of the Confederation in 1787 and became president of the Constitutional Convention in 1787, serving as a member of the New Hampshire delegation. <mask> was elected to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1801. He was elected the first president pro tempore of the Senate on April 6, 1789, and also served as president pro tempore during the Second Congress. During the 1787 constitutional debates in Philadelphia, <mask> spoke out against James Madison 's proposed "negative" on state laws simply because he felt that should the Senate be granted this power and not the House of Representatives, it would "hurt the feelings" of House members. <mask> was an ardent supporter of the drive to ratify the Constitution of the United States in New Hampshire. On June 21, 1788, it was ratified by New Hampshire by a vote of 57-47. He immediately wrote to George Washington to inform him that New Hampshire had become the ninth state which he described as the "Key Stone in the Great Arch.Joshua Atherton, who campaigned against ratification, accepted the result and stated, "It's adopted. Let’s try it”. In 1798, <mask> assisted Oney Judge to evade Burwell Bassett,  the nephew of George and Martha Washington, who had intended to kidnap Judge and return her to slavery with the Washingtons. <mask> served as a member of the New Hampshire Legislature (1801–05), with the last two terms as speaker; he served as governor of New Hampshire from 1805 to 1812, except for a year between 1809 and 1810. In 1808, his niece, Catherine Whipple <mask>, married Edmund Roberts. <mask> declined the nomination to be a candidate for vice president with James Madison in 1812. Death and legacy
<mask> died in Portsmouth in 1819 and was interred at the Langdon Tomb in the North Cemetery.The town of Langdon, New Hampshire, is named after him, as is Langdon Street in Madison, Wisconsin, a city with numerous streets named after Founding Fathers. See also
 New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 114: North Cemetery
 New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 127: <mask> (1741–1819)

Notes

References

 "The Founding Fathers: New Hampshire." U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builers Publishing Manchester, NH 1903
 Mayo, Lawrence Shaw."<mask> of New Hampshire". Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1937. External links
 Governor <mask> House, Historic New England

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1741 births
1819 deaths
Politicians from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
People of colonial New Hampshire
American people of Cornish descent
American Congregationalists
Continental Congressmen from New Hampshire
Signers of the United States Constitution
Pro-Administration Party United States senators from New Hampshire
Anti-Administration Party United States senators from New Hampshire
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators from New Hampshire
New Hampshire Democratic-Republicans
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
1808 United States vice-presidential candidates
1812 United States vice-presidential candidates
Governors of New Hampshire
Democratic-Republican Party state governors of the United States
New Hampshire militiamen in the American Revolution
Burials in New Hampshire

masks:
John Langdon
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Governor John
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John Langdon
John Langdon
John Langdon