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<mask> (born April 23, 1960) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He most recently served as the head coach of the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). Prior to his firing by the Boston Bruins in 2017, he was the longest tenured head coach in the NHL. He had previously served as head coach of the New Jersey Devils in the NHL, as well as in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Hamilton Bulldogs. In 2011 he coached the Bruins to the Stanley Cup Finals, against the Vancouver Canucks, winning in 7 games, guiding Boston to their sixth franchise Stanley Cup title. In 2013, he brought Boston to another Stanley Cup Finals, however they lost the series to the Chicago Blackhawks in six games. <mask> has also served as assistant and head coach of the Canadian National Team.Playing career
As a youth, <mask> played in the 1972 and 1973 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from Gloucester, Ontario. <mask> was an NHL defenceman for the Quebec Nordiques in the 1984–85 and 1985–86 seasons. Prior to playing in the NHL, <mask> spent six years in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) with the Oshawa Generals and Windsor Spitfires. Additionally, he has also played in the Central Hockey League (CHL) for the Salt Lake Golden Eagles; in the International Hockey League (IHL) for the Kansas City Blades and the Milwaukee Admirals; and in the AHL for the Fredericton Express, Baltimore Skipjacks, Halifax Citadels and Moncton Hawks. Career statistics

Coaching career

QMJHL coaching career
<mask> began his professional coaching career in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) for the Hull Olympiques, with whom he won the Memorial Cup in 1997. From 2000 to 2003, he served as head coach for the AHL's Hamilton Bulldogs, the top minor league affiliate of the NHL's Montreal Canadiens. In 2000, <mask> won a bronze medal as the head coach of Canadian junior team.He also served as an assistant coach to Marc Habscheid at the 2006 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. NHL coaching career

Montreal Canadiens and New Jersey Devils
On January 17, 2003, <mask> became head coach of the Montreal Canadiens. In 2003–04, his first full season as an NHL head coach, he led Montreal to a 93-point performance (41–30–7–4 record) and the second round of the 2004 Stanley Cup playoffs. He was eventually fired and replaced by General Manager Bob Gainey on January 14, 2006. <mask> accumulated a record of 72–62–10–15 during his three seasons with the Canadiens. <mask> was then announced as the head coach of the New Jersey Devils on June 13, 2006, becoming the 15th head coach in Devils history. On October 6, 2006, he won his first game as Devils head coach with a 4–0 win against the defending Stanley Cup champions, the Carolina Hurricanes.On November 4, <mask> won in his first return to Montreal as the Devils defeated the Canadiens, 2–1. On April 2, 2007, Devils general manager Lou Lamoriello abruptly fired <mask> with three games to go in the season. This was despite the Devils having a 47–24–8 record, which at the time was leading the Atlantic Division and tied for the second-best record in the Eastern Conference. They were also on their way to setting a franchise record for wins in a season. Lamoriello said that despite the team's stellar record, he did not feel <mask> had it ready for the 2007 playoffs. Lamoriello named himself interim head coach for the rest of the season, the second straight season in which Lamoriello left the front office to coach the Devils at the end of the season. Despite the change, the Devils went on to lose in the Eastern Conference Semifinal to the Ottawa Senators.Boston Bruins
On June 22, 2007, it was confirmed by various sports websites that <mask> had been named as the 28th head coach of the Boston Bruins. In his first season as Boston coach, he led the team back to the playoffs. His team struggled with consistency over the course of the season, but this was in large part due to the many injuries that plagued the Bruins throughout the 2007–08 season. Most notably, forward <mask> Bergeron and goaltender Manny Fernandez missed almost the entire season. The Bruins were defeated in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals by his former team, Montreal, who were coached by Guy Carbonneau, <mask>'s permanent replacement as head coach, in seven games. On February 17, 2009, <mask> coached his 200th win as an NHL head coach, a 5–1 Bruins road game victory over the Carolina Hurricanes. On June 18, 2009, at the end of the 2008–09 season, he was awarded the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year.In the 2010 playoffs, the Bruins became only the third NHL team to lose a best-of-seven series after being up three games to none when they were eliminated by the Philadelphia Flyers (the other two teams were the 1942 Detroit Red Wings and the 1975 Pittsburgh Penguins). Boston held a 3–0 lead in game seven, but the Flyers tied and eventually won the game, 4–3. Injuries to star Bruins forwards David Krejčí (broken wrist), Marco Sturm (torn ACL) and Marc Savard (concussion), as well as defenceman Dennis Seidenberg (wrist) and an undisclosed injury to former Vezina-winning goaltender Tim Thomas (hip), were factors in the defeat. The 2010–11 season saw <mask> coach the Bruins to the third-seed in the playoffs and a first round matchup against the rival Montreal Canadiens. After dropping the first two games at home, <mask> made some lineup adjustments, and helped his team come back to win the series in seven games. In the Eastern Conference Semifinals, the Bruins got a chance to redeem themselves from the previous year in a much anticipated series against the Philadelphia Flyers. After winning Game 1, 7–3, they went on to sweep the Flyers out of the playoffs in four games.In the Conference Finals, the Bruins faced off against the Tampa Bay Lightning for their first chance at a Stanley Cup since 1990. The Bruins came out victorious in their second seven-game series of the playoffs, including wins of 6–5, 2–1 and a penalty-less 1–0 win in Game 7. The team's victory set up a Stanley Cup Final against the number one seed Vancouver Canucks, who possessed the best statistics in offence, defence, goaltending, power play and special teams in the NHL. After a hard-fought Game 1, the Canucks scored the first goal of the game with just 18.5 seconds remaining in the third period, taking the series opener, 1–0. The Bruins, looking to rebound in Game 2, skated to a tie with Vancouver after regulation before a costly mistake by Boston captain Zdeno Chára after just 11 seconds of overtime allowed the Canucks to score the game-winning goal to take a 2–0 series lead. Back in Boston, after a rough first period in which the Bruins lost Nathan Horton to an illegal, concussive hit by Vancouver defenceman Aaron Rome, Boston exploded for four goals in the second period and four more in the third to complete an 8–1 blowout victory. The Bruins followed up that big win with another decisive victory, this time romping 4–0 over the Canucks while chasing goaltender Roberto Luongo, who had surrendered 12 goals in five periods during the two games in Boston.On June 15, 2011, the Bruins won their sixth Stanley Cup championship with a 4–0 victory in Game 7 in Vancouver. Entering the 2011 playoffs, <mask>'s career playoff record in Game 7s was 1–3, with the three losses all coming during his tenure as Boston coach, against Montreal in 2008, Carolina in 2009 and Philadelphia in 2010. His one Game 7 victory came in 2004 as Montreal's coach, ironically against Boston. With the 2011 playoff game seven wins against Montreal, Tampa Bay and Vancouver, he thus improved his record to 4–3. Additionally in the 2011 playoffs, <mask> (now with 33 wins) passed Don Cherry (31 wins) for the most playoff wins by a Boston Bruins coach. During the 2011–12 regular season, <mask> reached multiple personal coaching milestones. On December 17, 2011, he collected his 200th regular season win as Boston's coach in a 6–0 whitewash defeat of the Eastern Conference-leading Philadelphia Flyers.The win completed a Bruin 41-day journey from the absolute bottom of the Eastern Conference to tied for first place. On January 29, 2012, <mask> (and his Bruin bench staff) coached Team Chara to a 12–9 win over Team Alfredsson in the 2012 NHL All-Star Game in Ottawa. It was his second appearance and second win as an All-Star Game coach, having also appeared in the 2009 Game. On March 19, 2012, he coached his 400th game behind the Bruin bench, an 8–0 win over the Toronto Maple Leafs. The win completed a perfect 6–0 sweep of the season series with the Maple Leafs. The 2012 postseason, however, would not be as memorable for <mask>'s defending Cup champion Bruins, as they fell in the first round to the Washington Capitals and their upstart rookie goaltender Braden Holtby in seven games. The series was the closest, most evenly fought series in NHL history, with all seven games (including four overtime games) being one-goal decisions.After the defeat, <mask>'s playoff Game 7 record fell to 4–4. Despite the early exit for Boston in the playoffs, the Bruins signed <mask> to a new, multi-year contract extension. In the lockout-shortened 2012–13 season, <mask> led his team to their second Stanley Cup Finals in three years. In the first round, they defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs in seven games, where in the deciding Game 7, they came back from a 1–4 deficit to win 5–4 in overtime, the first time in NHL playoff history in which a team trailing by three goals in the third period went on to win Game 7 to take the series. The Bruins then eliminated the New York Rangers in five games. Matched up against the Pittsburgh Penguins in the Eastern Conference Finals, who were the regular season Conference champions, the Bruins swept them in four games, which included two shutouts of the normally high-scoring Penguins. In the Cup Finals, however, the Bruins lost to the first place Chicago Blackhawks in six games after failing to hold on to third period leads in their Game 1 and Game 6 losses.In the 2013–14 regular season, the first under the League's new conference and division realignment, <mask>'s team won the Presidents' Trophy for the best regular season record in the NHL. In the 2014–15 regular season, the Bruins failed to make the playoffs for the first time since <mask> took over the role as Bruins head coach. On June 5, 2015, Don Sweeney, the Bruins' new general manager, confirmed that <mask> and his staff would be staying on for the upcoming 2015–16 NHL regular season. During a six-game roadtrip for the Bruins as part of the team's 2015–16 season, on February 13, 2016, <mask> was surprised to learn, after his Bruins team defeated the Minnesota Wild in a 4–2 road victory, that he had coached his 500th NHL winning game. Another achievement for <mask>'s career in coaching the Bruins would be earned less than a month later; as the result of <mask>'s coaching the Bruins to a 4–2 home ice win against the 2015 Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks on March 3, 2016, <mask>'s winning game total as the Bruins' head coach rose to 387 wins for the Boston team, equalling the most won Bruins games coached total of Hall of Fame member Art Ross' career as coach of the Bruins from their beginnings in 1924, through four separated periods of coaching ending in 1939. Only four days later, on March 7, with a Bruins' 5–4 overtime road victory over the Florida Panthers, <mask>'s win record with the Bruins reached 388, surpassing Art Ross' career total with the team. On February 7, 2017, <mask> was relieved of his coaching duties after leading the team with a 26–23–6 record.<mask> ended his tenure in Boston with 419 regular-season victories, a record still unsurpassed by any other Bruin head coach. Return to Montreal
On February 14, 2017, <mask> was named the head coach of the Montreal Canadiens after Michel Therrien was relieved of his head coaching duties. This marks the second time in Canadiens franchise history <mask> replaced Therrien, the first time being during the 2002–03 regular season. On November 30, 2017, <mask> won his 100th game as the Canadiens' coach with a 6–3 win against the Detroit Red Wings. On August 12, 2020, following a loss to the Philadelphia Flyers in the Eastern Conference First Round, <mask> experienced chest pains and was transferred to the hospital. Canadiens general manager Marc Bergevin stated that his chest pains had nothing to do with COVID-19. Kirk Muller, the associate head coach of the Canadiens, assumed the role of head coach for the rest of the first round of playoffs.On August 14, the Canadiens announced that <mask> had a stent placed in one of his coronary arteries on August 13. It was also announced that he would be returning home to Montreal to rest, and the chances of him being able to rejoin the team before the end of the first round were described by Bergevin as "very minimal". On February 6, 2021, <mask> won his 200th game as head coach of the Canadiens in a 2–1 win over the Ottawa Senators. On February 24, 2021, <mask> and associate coach Kirk Muller were fired by the Canadiens. Team Canada
<mask> was also an assistant coach for the Canadian national team at the 2014 Winter Olympics, where he helped lead the team to a gold medal victory. He continued as assistant coach for the 2016 World Cup, where the team won the championship. <mask> was originally intended to be head coach of Team Canada for the 2022 Beijing Olympics.Jeremy Colliton coached the first game while <mask> recovered from fractured ribs from an on-ice injury. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Karen have one daughter. The family resides in Ottawa, Ontario. They previously resided in Red Bank, New Jersey and Lexington, Massachusetts. <mask> was raised in the Orléans suburb of Ottawa. He is bilingual, speaking both French and English fluently. Head coaching record

See also
 List of NHL head coaches

References

External links

1960 births
Living people
American people of French-Canadian descent
Baltimore Skipjacks players
Boston Bruins coaches
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Franco-Ontarian people
Fredericton Express players
Halifax Citadels players
Hull Olympiques coaches
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Jack Adams Award winners
Moncton Hawks players
Montreal Canadiens coaches
New Jersey Devils coaches
Oshawa Generals players
People from Algoma District
People from Lexington, Massachusetts
Port Huron Flags (IHL) players
Quebec Nordiques players
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Stanley Cup champions
Stanley Cup championship-winning head coaches
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Windsor Spitfires players

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Admiral Sir <mask>,  (19 February 1888 – 10 December 1941) was a Royal Navy officer who served during the First and Second World Wars. He was nicknamed "<mask>", due to his short stature. He is best known for his command of Force Z during the Japanese invasion of Malaya, where he went down with his flagship, the battleship <mask> was one of the highest ranking Allied officers killed in battle during the Second World War. Early and private life
<mask> was the son of Colonel <mask>, Royal Artillery and <mask>, daughter of Admiral Algernon de Horsey. <mask> was married to <mask>, of Bude, Cornwall. <mask> was 5'4" (162 cm) tall.At the time of his death at the age of 53, he was one of the youngest admirals in the Royal Navy and one of the youngest commanders-in-chief. Navy career
<mask> joined the Royal Navy in 1903 as a naval cadet following education at Stubbington House School. He became a midshipman in 1904 and trained aboard HMS Britannia. He was promoted to sub-lieutenant on 9 April 1908, and to lieutenant on 20 July 1909. In the First World War, <mask> served on destroyers in the Mediterranean and in the Far East. He was promoted to lieutenant commander on 15 July 1916. <mask> attended the Royal Navy Staff College from June 1919 to May 1920.He was a military adviser on the Permanent Advisory Commission for Naval, Military, and Air Questions Board at the League of Nations from 1920 to 1922. <mask> was promoted to commander in June 1921, and to captain in June 1927. On 4 September 1928, he assumed command of the destroyer HMS Campbell, a position he held until August 1929. Between 24 April 1930 and September 1932, <mask> served as assistant director of the Plans Division in the Admiralty. He then served for three years in the Far East as the flag captain of a cruiser. In 1935, he returned to the Admiralty to head the Plans Division. In 1938, <mask> was promoted to commodore, commanding the destroyer flotillas of the Home Fleet.On 10 January 1939, <mask> became a rear admiral while also acting as a naval adviser to King George VI. From 1 June 1939 until 21 October 1941, <mask> was Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff and then Vice Chief of the Naval Staff. <mask> gained the confidence of Winston Churchill, who had him appointed acting vice admiral in February 1940. In July 1941, <mask> helped to discredit the flawed first Inquiry into the sinking of . When passed the file containing the findings of the first Board of Inquiry, <mask> comments in the minutes:

It was this attention to detail and refusal to accept anything less than the complete scrutiny of a wartime disaster which won Churchill's respect and confidence. His comment that "It may be that in years to come ... our successors may wish to look back at the records of the loss of the HOOD" demonstrated remarkable foresight on his part. As a result, a second inquiry was convened (under Rear Admiral Sir Harold Walker), reporting in September 1941.This investigation was "much more thorough than was the first, taking evidence from a total of 176 eyewitnesses to the disaster." Force Z

<mask> was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the China Station in late 1941, an action which raised some controversy in the higher echelons of the Royal Navy, where he was considered a "desk admiral". He was appointed acting admiral, and he took to sea on 25 October 1941 en route to his headquarters in Singapore. He travelled with a naval detachment then designated as Force G, consisting of his flagship, the new battleship HMS Prince of Wales, together with the veteran Great War-era battlecruiser HMS Repulse, and the four destroyers HMS Electra, HMS Express, HMS Encounter, and HMS Jupiter. The deployment of the ships was a decision made by Winston Churchill. He was firmly warned against it by the First Sea Lord, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound, and later by his friend, Field Marshal Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa, who prophesied the fate of the capital ships, when he addressed the crew of HMS Repulse just before she left Durban for Singapore. It was intended that the new aircraft carrier  would also travel out to Singapore, but she ran aground on her maiden voyage in the West Indies, and was not ready to sail from England with the other ships.<mask> and the vessels arrived in Singapore on 2 December 1941, where they were re-designated Force Z. Without a formal declaration of war, the Japanese landed in Malaya on 8 December 1941, on the same day as the attack on Pearl Harbor (on the other side of the International Date Line). The Japanese, by striking at three points almost simultaneously, hoped to attract all available land-based fighters of the Royal Air Force and leave <mask> without air cover when they were ready for him; and he steamed right into this trap. The earlier grounding of the carrier  left the capital ships without naval air cover. <mask> had long held the opinion that aircraft were no threat to surface ships, and so he took Force Z, consisting of HMS Prince of Wales, HMS Repulse, and four destroyers (HMS Electra, HMS Express, HMAS Vampire and HMS Tenedos) to intercept the Japanese without air cover. That decision has been discussed ever since. Force Z sailed from Singapore at 17:35 on 8 December.Admiral <mask> left his chief of staff, Rear Admiral Arthur Palliser, at the command post ashore. <mask> used HMS Prince of Wales as his flagship. <mask> hoped to intercept any further Japanese convoys to prevent the landing of more troops. He signalled his fleet upon departure, "We are out looking for trouble, and no doubt we shall find it. We hope to surprise the enemy transports tomorrow and we expect to meet the Japanese battleship Kongo." Shortly after midnight, <mask>' chief of staff radioed that the Royal Air Force was so pressed by giving ground support to land operations that the Admiral could expect no air cover off Singora. Japanese heavy bombers were already in southern Indochina, and General Douglas MacArthur had been asked to send General Lewis H. Brereton's B-17 Flying Fortresses to attack their bases.By this time, the Japanese invasion force was already well established in the peninsular section of Thailand, which had already surrendered. At Kota Bharu within British Malaya, there was bitter fighting in a series of rear guard actions fought desperately by British and native troops. But by the time the British warships arrived, their opportunity had passed; the vulnerable transports were already returning to base. Admiral <mask> did not realize this. Force Z steamed north, leaving the Anambas Islands to port. At 06:29 on 9 December, Phllips received word that destroyer Vampire had sighted an enemy plane. He was entering the Japanese air radius without air cover, but he still hoped to surprise a Japanese convoy at Singora.The task force sailed on to a position 150 miles south of Indochina and 250 miles east of the Malay Peninsula. At 14:15, the Japanese submarine  under command of Lieutenant Commander Harada Hakue reported sighting "two enemy battleships, course 240, speed 14 knots." I-65 surfaced and started a tail chase, but a sudden squall cloaked the British ships. While Harada continued the chase, a Kawanishi E7K "Alf" from the Japanese cruiser Kinu buzzed the I-65, mistaking it for an enemy submarine. Harada ordered a crash-dive. When the I-65 surfaced 30 minutes later, the contact with <mask>' force had been lost. At 18:30, when the weather cleared and three Japanese naval reconnaissance planes were sighted from the flagship, <mask> realized that his position was precarious and untenable.Reluctantly, he reversed course to return to Singapore at high speed. As <mask> steamed south, dispatches from Singapore portrayed impending doom on the shores of Malaya. The British Army was falling back fast. Shortly before midnight on 9 December, word came through of an enemy landing at Kuantan, halfway between Kota Bharu and Singapore. <mask>, in view of the imminent danger to Singapore, decided to strike at Kuantan. At dawn on 10 December, an unidentified plane was sighted about 60 miles off Kuantan. <mask> continued on his course while launching a reconnaissance plane from Prince of Wales.The reconnaissance plane found no evidence of the enemy. The destroyer Express steamed ahead to reconnoitre the harbour of Kuantan, found it deserted, and closed with the flagship again at 08:35. <mask> had not yet realized that his intelligence from Singapore was faulty, and he continued to search for a nonexistent surface enemy, first to the northward and then to the eastward. Ten Brewster Buffalo fighters of No. 453 Squadron RAAF at RAF Sembawang were allocated to Force Z. They were designated the Fleet Defence Squadron for this task, with Flight Lieutenant Tim Vigors given the radio procedures used by Force Z. After the war, Vigors remained bitter towards Admiral <mask> for his failure to call for air support.<mask> decided not to ask the Royal Australian Air Force for an air screen because he considered it more important to maintain radio silence. At about 1020 on 10 December, a Japanese plane was sighted shadowing Prince of Wales. The crews immediately assumed anti-aircraft stations. At 11:00, by which time the sea was brilliantly sunlit, nine Japanese planes were sighted at an altitude 10,000 feet. They flew in single file along the length of the 32,000-ton battle cruiser Repulse. A bomb hit the catapult deck and exploded in the hangar, setting a fire below decks. At 11:15, Captain William Tennant of Repulse radioed the RAAF for help.At 11:40, the Prince of Wales was attacked by torpedo bombers. She was hit astern, knocking out her propellers and rudder. Several waves of torpedo bombers swooped in on the Repulse. The Prince of Wales signalled, asking whether she had been hit. The Repulse replied, "We have avoided 19 torpedoes till now, thanks to Providence." Australian air protection was still not on hand at 12:20 p.m. CBS reporter Cecil Brown, who was on board the Repulse, described the battle:

"Stand by for barrage," comes over the ship's communication system. One plane is circling around.It's now at 300 or 400 yards, approaching us from the port side. It's coming closer headon, and I see a torpedo drop. A watcher shouts, "Stand by for torpedo", and the tin fish is streaking directly for us. Some one says: "This one's got us." The torpedo struck the side on which I was standing, about twenty yards astern of my position. It felt like the ship had crashed into a well-rooted dock. It threw me four feet across the deck, but I did not fall, and I did not feel any explosion—just this very great jar.Almost immediately, it seemed, we began to list, and less than a minute later there was another jar of the same kind and same force, except that it was almost precisely the same spot on the starboard. After the first torpedo, the communications system coolly announced: 'Blow up your lifebelts.' I was in this process when the second torpedo struck, and the settling ship and crazy angle were so apparent that I didn't continue blowing the belt. The communications system announced: "Prepare to abandon ship. May God be with you." Prince of Wales and Repulse were sunk by Japanese air attack on 10 December 1941 by 86 Japanese bombers and torpedo bombers from the 22nd Air Flotilla based at Saigon. The destroyers saved 2,081 of the 2,921 crew on the stricken capital ships, but 840 sailors were lost.Prince of Wales Captain John Leach and Philips went down with their ship. As both the British warships sank, the RAAF planes finally appeared. Aftermath of the sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse
After the destruction of the British fleet, the Japanese continued to advance in Malaya. British Lieutenant General Arthur Percival ordered a retreat from Malaya to Singapore on 27 January 1942. On 15 February, Percival surrendered his remaining army of 85,000 British, Indian, and Australian troops to the Japanese, the largest capitulation in British history. Regarding <mask>' decision to proceed without air cover, Naval historian Samuel Eliot Morison wrote:Those who make the decisions in war are constantly weighing certain risks against possible gains. At the outset of hostilities [U.S.] Admiral Hart thought of sending his small striking force north of Luzon to challenge Japanese communications, but decided that the risk to his ships outweighed the possible gain because the enemy had won control of the air.Admiral <mask> had precisely the same problem in Malaya. Should he steam into the Gulf of Siam and expose his ships to air attack from Indochina in the hope of breaking enemy communications with their landing force? He decided to take the chance. With the Royal Air Force and the British Army fighting for their lives, the Royal Navy could not be true to its tradition by remaining idly at anchor. Morison wrote, that as a result of the sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse:

U.S. Admiral Thomas Hart, <mask>' American counterpart, was critical of the air support to Force Z. He was unaware of <mask>' preference for radio silence at the time. Hart told Time magazine in 1942:

<mask>' name is inscribed at the Plymouth Naval Memorial in Plymouth, England.Notes

Citations

References
 Mark M. Boatner: The Biographical Dictionary of World War II. – Presidio Press, Novato CA, 1996. –
 H. G. Thursfield: <mask>, Sir <mask> Vaughan (1888–1941). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. – Oxford und New York, 1959
 Stephen, Martin. Sea Battles in Close-up, p. 99–114. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan, 1988.Part of this article are based on a translation of the equivalent article of the German Wikipedia, dated 28 September 2006

External links

 <mask> from the "Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives"
 "Order of Battle/Force Z/10 December 1941" (en.) "St Andrew's Cathedral" in Singapore (en.) Royal Navy Officers 1939−1945

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1888 births
1941 deaths
Royal Navy personnel killed in World War II
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Lords of the Admiralty
Military of Singapore under British rule
People educated at Stubbington House School
Royal Navy admirals of World War II
Royal Navy officers of World War I
Admiralty personnel of World War II
Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
Captains who went down with the ship
People from Falmouth, Cornwall
Military personnel from Cornwall

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<mask> (23 September 1908 – 4 January 1982) - in religious <mask> - was a Chilean Roman Catholic prelate who was a professed member from the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin and served as the first Bishop of Osorno from 1956 until his death. Valdés discerned his call to the priesthood while with his parents in Europe and was ordained as a priest in Venice after completing his studies in Rome but continued further formation amongst the Franciscans in Europe before making his return to Chile. He was the first Chilean to have become a Capuchin friar. <mask> dedicated his episcopal career to the poor and he often visited the poor regions around his diocese while remaining a staunch advocate for a peaceful resolution to the Chile-Argentina border disputes; his last words also contained a desire for there to be peace between the two feuding nations. The cause for his beatification was launched in 1998 and titled him as a Servant of God while Pope Francis declared <mask> to be Venerable on 7 November 2014 after recognizing his life of heroic virtue. Life

Education and priesthood

<mask> was born on 23 September 1908 in San Miguel in the Santiago Province as the second of five children to <mask> (12.3.1878-22.6.1957) and <mask> (1885-???). His parents were married on 12 September 1906 and were devout Christians.His siblings were:
 Margarita (4.10.1912-28.8.1994)
 María
 Blanca
 Gabriel (3.7.1919-7.9.2011)
His brother Gabriel served as the Foreign Minister and later the Senate President while his son (<mask>' nephew) Juan Gabriel serves as the current Chilean ambassador to the United States of America since 2014. His baptism was celebrated on 24 September. He received a special dispensation from Pope Pius X to have his First Communion before the required age and the celebration was held on 30 March 1913 while he received his Confirmation on 11 April 1914 from Archbishop Juan Ignacio González Eyzaguirre. <mask> began his schooling at the San Ignacio school. In 1925 he travelled to Europe with his parents where he first felt called to the priesthood and to the religious life. On 26 January 1930 he became the first native from his nation to join the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin when he was received into their novitiate and he was given the religious name of "<mask> of San Miguel de Santiago". He began his ecclesial studies in Rome in 1927 at the Pontifical Latin American college and the Pontifical Gregorian in Rome before he received his ordination to the priesthood on 17 March 1934 in Venice from Bishop Giovanni Jeremich.He had received a philosophical doctorate from the Gregorian in 1929 and later earned one for theological studies during the 1930s. <mask> made his first vows into the order on 27 January 1931 and continued his formation across both Germany and Italy before he made his perpetual and solemn profession on 2 February 1934. In 1935 - now back in Chile - he was assigned to the Apostolic Vicariate of Araucanía - a remote region - and served as a professor of philosophical studies at San Fidel in San José de la Mariquina. He served as the parish priest for Pucón between 1943 and 1956. During that period he helped to establish a convent for the Capuchin Poor Clares in his parish while also working and maintaining close ties with the Mapuche people. Episcopate
Pope Pius XII appointed <mask> as the first Bishop of Osorno on 20 June 1956 with Sebastiano Baggio conferring upon him episcopal consecration on 16 September. <mask> attended all sessions of the Second Vatican Council from 11 October 1962 to 8 December 1965 as a Council Father.He was an ardent supporter and staunch advocate for dialogue and peace between Chile and Argentina in their border dispute and made repeated calls for fraternal negotiations aimed at ensuring better cooperation and coexistence between the two nations. <mask> loved sacred music and liturgical celebrations and in 1966 presided over an Episcopal Commission on liturgical celebration to better enhance such celebrations as an expression of faith. He inaugurated the new diocesan cathedral in 1977 after the previous one had fallen during the Valdivia earthquake in 1960. Death
<mask> was diagnosed in 1981 with gastric cancer. He spent his last months with the Capuchin friars of Araucanía. He died in 1982 at the San Francisco Hospital in Pucón; his last words were: "I offer my life to the pope, to the Church, to the Diocese of Osorno, to the poor, to the peace between Chile and Argentina, and to the triumph of love". He was buried in the diocesan cathedral.Beatification process
The beatification process for the late friar commenced under Pope John Paul II on 25 September 1998 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official edict of "nihil obstat" (nothing against the cause) and titled him as a Servant of God. The investigation commenced in Osorno in a diocesan process that collected testimonies and documents and the C.C.S. later validated this process in Rome on 7 June 2002 after determining the process did all that was required of it. The postulation appointed a relator who would assist in preparing the Positio dossier in an effort to collate all available evidence to attest to the friar's saintliness and this was submitted to the C.C.S. on 29 November 2012. Theologians evaluated the contents of the dossier and issued their approval for the cause on 18 March 2014 while the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. likewise assented to the cause's continuation in their meeting on 4 November 2014.The cause culminated on 7 November 2014 after Pope Francis confirmed that <mask> lived a model life of heroic virtue and named him as Venerable. The current postulator for this cause is the Franciscan priest Carlo Calloni. Failed miracle
His beatification depended on a miracle being approved and one such case had been investigated in the diocese of its origin; the C.C.S. later validated this in Rome on 16 November 2007 but could not investigate it further until <mask> had been proclaimed Venerable as was the requirement. The medical experts advising the C.C.S. met on 21 May 2015 to determine if the healing was a miracle but found it was not a miracle due to a scientific explanation being evident for such a healing. References

External links
 Hagiography Circle
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Saints SQPN

1908 births
1982 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Chile
20th-century venerated Christians
Capuchins
Deaths from cancer in Chile
Deaths from stomach cancer
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
People from Santiago Province, Chile
Venerated Catholics by Pope Francis
Subercaseaux family
Roman Catholic bishops of Osorno

masks: Maximiano María Antonio Miguel Valdés Subercaseaux


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<mask> (born 16 September 1975) is a retired tennis player from Paraguay. She was born in the Paraguayan capital, Asunción, and now lives in Miami, Florida, with her daughter <mask> and her husband Gustavo Neffa, a retired Paraguayan Association football player who played for Boca Juniors. <mask>s achieved career-high WTA rankings of No. 51 in singles and 52 in doubles. She played doubles with Grand Slam champions such as Maria Sharapova, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, as well as Jelena Janković and Dinara Safina. She is also a former world number one junior player, having won the 1992 Roland Garros Juniors event. <mask> participated in six editions (1994, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2009 and 2010) of the Australian Open.She was the only female tennis representative for Paraguay in the 1992 and 2000 Olympic Games. <mask> <mask> was also in Paraguay's Fed Cup team in 1991 and 1992, and the Pan American team in 1999. Career summary

1989–1994
As a 14-year-old, <mask> <mask> played just three matches, and won the first match of her career on the ITF circuit in São Paulo. In 1990, she played twelve matches, winning six of them. In May 1991, she won her first ever ITF title, in Francaville, and the next month lost the final in Modena. In September, she won her second ITF title, in Lima, without dropping a set; her win/loss record for the year was 40–18. The following year, she won her third title, in Santa Maria Capua Vetere in October, where she beat Silvia Farina Elia.The following week she reached the final in Asunción, and then the final in Mildura. Her win/loss record for the year was 34–19. As well as being the world number-one junior in 1992 and won the 1992 Junior French Open, beating Paola Suárez 6–4, 6–0 in the final. At the 1992 Summer Olympics, she would meet her future husband, Gustavo Neffa, who was at the tournament representing the Paraguay national under-23 football team whilst she was representing Paraguay's tennis team. In 1993, she made the final in Caserta in June as she turned professional. As the world number 118, she caused a big upset at the Puerto Rican Open by defeating top seed and world number 30, Brenda Schultz-McCarthy in the first round, finishing the year with 20 wins and 18 losses. In 1994, she only played until April, and won only two of ten matches before retiring to start a family.1995–1999
<mask> Ríos married Gustavo Neffa in 1994, and gave birth to Ana-Paula on January 17, 1997. With the marriage, she suspended her career until 1999-2000 when she returned to the WTA Tour in June 1999, after a five-year absence. In just her fifth tournament back, she won her fifth ITF title, in Buenos Aires, dropping just nine games in five matches. Her win/loss record for the year was 31–9. 2000
The year 2000 was the most successful year on the WTA Tour for <mask> Ríos. She won 22 out of 29 matches between March and June on the ITF circuit. In June, <mask> easily qualified for the main draw of the French Open, losing just eleven games in three matches.In the main draw, she beat Miroslava Vavrinec in the first round and Marlene Weingartner in the second round, before upsetting the world number ten, Amanda Coetzer, in three sets. She then fell to fellow qualifier Marta Marrero, the first time two qualifiers met in the fourth round of the French Open. In July, <mask> qualified for Wimbledon but was defeated by Tamarine Tanasugarn. After that, she won only one of her next five matches. Before the 2000 Sydney Olympics, <mask> <mask> and track athlete Edgar Baumann were left out of the delegation, confirmed by Ramón Zubizarreta, the president of the Paraguayan Olympic Committee. At the Games, she defeated Květa Peschke 6–3, 6–0 in the first round and Lindsay Davenport w/o. Jelena Dokić defeated her in the third round.<mask> <mask> finished the year with her return to the ITF circuit which saw her win 12 of her next 17 matches, including the finals at Miramar and Pittsburgh. in 2000, she won 45 matches and lost 21. 2001
Did not win two matches back-to-back until Madrid in May. In the first round she defeated Cristina Torrens Valero 6–1, 6–0, and then recorded her greatest victory to date, with a three-set win over world number six (at the time) Monica Seles. :
She was defeated in the quarterfinals, however. At the French Open in June, <mask> defeated Elena Likhovtseva in the opening round before losing a tight match in the second round to Petra Mandula. She then lost in the first round of Wimbledon to Jelena Dokić.In Knokke-Heist (Tier IV) in July, <mask> defeated world number 20 (at the time) Silvia Farina Elia 6–3, 6–1 and reached the quarterfinals. Two months later, <mask> recorded her best WTA Tour appearance to date, advancing to the semifinals of Salvador, Bahia (Tier II) including another win over Silvia Farina Elia. Second seed Jelena Dokić put her run to an end. She finished the year with another semifinal in Pattaya City (Tier V), losing to <mask> in three sets. Her win/loss record finished at 25–28. On 12 November 2001, she ranked 51. 2002
Advanced to the second round of the Australian Open for the first time in January.Reached the quarterfinals of Bogotá in February. Won just three of her next thirteen matches until the French Open in June, where she recorded a third round appearance but fell to Elena Dementieva. Advanced to the second round of Wimbledon but was defeated at the hands of Monica Seles. In September, <mask> reached the quarterfinals of Bali (Tier III) by upsetting top seed Tamarine Tanasugarn. She was then defeated by Conchita Martínez in straight sets. In Bratislava (Tier V), <mask> stunned Francesca Schiavone in straight sets and reached the quarterfinals. She led Slovenian Maja Matevžič 6–1, 5–2 but bowed out 6–1, 5–7, 1–6.She won 21 matches in total during the year, and lost 30. 2003
<mask> had a disappointing 2003 season. She did not reach the quarterfinals or better in any WTA Tour tournament, but on the ITF circuit she did manage to advance to the semifinals of Troy in October. She lost in the opening rounds of the Australian Open and the French Open, and was defeated 6–0, 6–0 by Kim Clijsters in the first round at Wimbledon. She won 29 matches (18 of which were in qualifying) and lost 29 matches. In 2003, <mask> Ríos ranked 52 in doubles. 2004–2005 and injuries
In 2004 <mask> did not compete in any WTA or ITF tournament until May due to injury.She won two matches in qualifying for the French Open in just her second tournament of the year, but lost in the final round. The following week she made the semifinals of Allentown on the ITF circuit, as well as the final of College Park in July. She lost in the first round of qualification at the US Open in September, but rebounded with a semifinal at Ashburn on the ITF circuit and more impressively, qualified for Philadelphia (Tier II) and reached the second round before being defeated by Anastasia Myskina. She won 19 matches during the year and lost a total of 13. Things began well for <mask> in 2005, starting with a semifinal appearance in Waikoloa. However, a knee injury kept her out of play from February to October. Upon her return to the ITF circuit, <mask> had fallen over 100 positions on the WTA rankings- from No.186 to 289. In her return tournament, she impressively reached the semifinals of Pelham, Alabama. In October, she reached the quarterfinals of San Francisco. She won nine matches out of sixteen for the year. 2006
Was <mask>'s second most successful year on the WTA Tour. Although she won just five of her first nine matches, it was Indian Harbour Beach in May which saw <mask> reach her first ITF Final since College Park in 2004. Ranked as low as No.452, she came through in qualifying, winning seven consecutive matches en route to the final. She was defeated by Edina Gallovits despite <mask> leading 5–0 in the final set and having six match points. Despite the loss, next week <mask> went on to reach the final in Palm Beach Gardens, beating the eighth, fourth and second seeds respectively, before losing in the final. In July she qualified for Cincinnati (Tier III) but lost to world number 26 (at the time) Katarina Srebotnik, after serving for the set at 5–3 in the second set. She reached the quarterfinals in Lexington, Kentucky later in the month, but lost to Stéphanie Dubois, despite leading 4–2 in the final set. She fell in the first round qualifying of the US Open to Erika Takao, in what was her first Grand Slam qualifying match in two years. In November, she recorded her worst loss of the year in qualifying for Pittsburgh, but reversed it the next week with an impressive win over sixth seed Aleksandra Wozniak, to record her best win of the year.She went on to reach the Semifinals. Two weeks later in December, <mask> <mask> claimed her first ITF title since 1999,  winning the Santaluz Club Open Tournament in San Diego, United States, beating sixth seed Ivana Abramović 6–0, 6–2 in the final. The win for <mask> encouraged her to compete in Australia in 2007, and resurrected her ranking to just outside the top 200. She climbed 117 ranking positions in the year, from No. 386 to No. 209 in the twelve months, and won 31 matches compared to 14 losses. 2007
To commence 2007, <mask> suffered a first round defeat in $50K Waikoloa to start her 2007 season.In her next tournament, she reached the Semifinals of $25K Palm Desert, beating top seed Edina Gallovits 6–2, 6–1. In February, she fell in the first round of $75K Midland the next week but still secured a position inside the top 200 at No. 193- the first time she had broken into the top 200 since 2004. In late February, she competed in Acapulco (Tier III) at the Mexican Open, marking her first tier tournament since Cincinnati in July 2006. <mask> <mask> arrived at the tournament as the lowest ranked foreign player. She fell in the first round in a close match to the second seed Italian Tathiana Garbin. In April, <mask> represented Paraguay in the annual Federation Cup.Paraguay won all four matches in their Pool and defeated Ecuador in the play-off and as a result qualified for Group 1 of the Americas Zone for 2008. In early May, <mask> recorded her 19th and 20th quarterfinal appearances at $50K Charlottesville and $50K Indian Harbour Beach respectively. She fell to the eventual winner Edina Gallovits in both events, both times the score being 6–2, 6–2. The following week, <mask> won her first ITF title in 2007 and her sixth in her career in $25K Palm Beach Gardens. As the second seed, she won five matches in the process and lost just one set, beating former top ten player Brenda Schultz-McCarthy in the final. Fresh from victory, <mask> quickly flew to Paris for the first time since 2004 to compete in the qualification event of Roland Garros. She caused a stir by easily qualifying, easily winning three straight sets matches.She lost to the 32nd seeded Martina Müller in straight sets in the first round.. Her next tournament was the $75K Přerov, where she reached the quarterfinals in singles, before losing to Sofia Arvidsson in straight sets, and reached the doubles final with her partner Edina Gallovits, where they lost to top seeds in three sets. A fortnight later she participated in the qualifying event in Wimbledon which marked her first grass-court match since 2003. She passed the first round in straight sets but lost to Anda Perianu, despite <mask> serving for the match at 5–3 in the final set. <mask> then flew to Italy and made back to back semifinal appearances in $25K Padova and $50K Cuneo, including a win over top seed Edina Gallovits in Cuneo. She then played in $100K Biella. There, she reached the second round losing to world number 36 Agnieszka Radwańska.<mask> then played in Rio de Janeiro for the Pan American Games, representing Paraguay. As the number four seed, she won her first round easily, but lost in the second round to Yamile Fors of Cuba, 7–6, 3–6, 7–5. After this loss, she took some time off, and her next tournament was the US Open qualifying event. There, she lost in the first round to Carla Suarez Navarro. Next, <mask> went to the $50K Mestre in Italy. There, as the fifth seed, she won her second tournament of 2007, beating Alisa Kleybanova in the final. Straight after her victory, she went to the $100K Bordeaux but lost in the first round to the number seven seed, Ekaterina Bychkova, despite winning the first set.The next week, <mask> claimed her biggest ITF title to date and the eighth ITF title of her career in $75K Albuquerque. The victory marked her second title in just three weeks. En route to the title in Albuquerque, <mask> won five matches- three of them in three sets- resulting in her ranking rising from No. 136 to No. 114. <mask> then made two back to back quarterfinal appearances in $50K San Francisco and $50K Lawrenceville, Georgia. She lost in the first round of Quebec City and fell in the quarterfinals of $25K Mexico City to conclude the year.2008
On Monday June 23, 2008, <mask> was beaten by then-world No. 1 Ana Ivanovic in the first round at Wimbledon. <mask> then played at the Palermo tournament and defeated fifth seed Aravane Rezaï. 2009
In January 2009, <mask> played in the Australian Open Women's Singles tournament for the first time since 2003. She won a match in qualifying at the Sydney Medibank International. At the Australian Open tournament, she was defeated 6–3 and 6–2 by Kirsten Flipkens on 19 January. She represented Paraguay in the Federation Cup two weeks later, where Paraguay lost 3–0 to Puerto Rico and 3–0 to Brazil, but defeated Uruguay 3–0 and Mexico 2–0 to secure Paraguay's position in the Americas Zone I for 2009.In February, <mask> played her first main draw WTA match for the year in Viña del Mar. She defeated Carla Suarez Navarro, which marked her first main draw WTA victory since Philadelphia in 2004. She also reached the second round in Bogotá and Miami, which resulted in her breaking back inside the WTA top 100 rankings for the first time since 2003. <mask> then reached the final of $25K Pelham, Alabama and in May she qualified for Strasbourg, winning three qualifying matches. She will compete in Roland Garros and for the first time in 19 Grand Slam events, <mask>'s ranking will be high enough for her to directly enter the main draw. 2010
At the 2010 Australian Open, <mask> Ríos was eliminated in the first round to Marion Bartoli. In the 2010 Roland Garros, she was defeated 4–6, 6–1 and 6–0 by Samantha Stosur.She has not played in any WTA or ITF tournaments since the 2010 US Open. WTA career finals

Doubles: 2 (2 runner-ups)

ITF finals

Singles (11–14)

Doubles: 10 (7–3)

Singles performance timeline

Personal life
She was known for changing her fame for love, when she married Paraguayan footballer Gustavo Neffa. Their wedding was on 26 December 1994. <mask> <mask> and Neffa have a daughter named Ana Paula, she was born on 17 January 1997. <mask> <mask> stopped playing for five years to dedicate time to her daughter, returning to tennis in 2000. In 2002, <mask> <mask> commented about being one of the few mothers on the WTA Tour:

References

External links
 Olympics Profile
 ESPN Sports Profile
 Euro Sport Profile
 Los Deportes Info Profile

1975 births
Living people
Paraguayan expatriates in the United States
Paraguayan female tennis players
Sportspeople from Asunción
Tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of Paraguay
Tennis players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Paraguay
Hopman Cup competitors
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' singles
French Open junior champions

masks:
Rossana Neffa de los Rios
Ana Paula Neffa de los Ríos
De los Río
De los Ríos
De los
Ríos
de los
Ríos
De los
de los
Rossana
Rossana
de los
Ríos
De los
Ríos
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Patty Schnyder
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
de los
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
de los
Ríos
Rossana
Rossana
De los
Ríos
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
Rossana
de los
De los
Ríos
De los
Ríos
de los
Ríos


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<mask>  (; 1891–1978), was a Soviet philosopher, popularizer of anti-religious knowledge, the author of several books on the history of religion and atheism. Major works: "The Great Conflict" (1965), "The Story of a Single Misconception" (1970), "Charles Darwin and Atheism" (1975). Books
In Russian
 Как религия боролась с наукой (How Religion Struggled with Science). – [Москва] : акц. о-во "Безбожник", [19--] (тип. изд-ва "Крестьянская газета"). – [3] с.;
 Наука и религия о вселенной (Science and Religion of the Universe) : Науч.-попул.очерк. – [Москва] : Изд. и ф-ка юношеской книги изд-ва "Мол. гвардия", 1938. – 103 с. : ил. ;
 Земля и небо (Earth and Sky) : [Очерки по истории астрономии] : [Для ст. возраста].– Москва ; Ленинград : Детиздат, 1939 (Москва). – 136 с. : ил. ;
 Земля и небо (Earth and Sky) : [Очерки по истории астрономии]. – Москва ; Ленинград : Детиздат, 1940 (Москва). – 152 с. : ил. и черт. ; 20 см.– (Школьная библиотека. Для неполной средней и средней школы). Откуда пошел род человеческий (Where did the Human Race Come from). – Москва : ГАИЗ, 1940. – 80 с., 5 вкл. л. ил. и портр.: ил. и портр. Астрология и религия (Astrology and Religion) : История одного заблуждения. – Москва : ГАИЗ, 1940. – 132 с., 1 вкл. л. ил. : ил.и черт. ;
 Марксизм-ленинизм о происхождении религии (Marxism–Leninism on the Origin of Religion). – Москва : Знание, 1953. – 32 с.; 22 см. – (Всесоюзное общество по распространению политических и научных знаний. Серия 2; No. 6).О вере в бога (On Faith in God) : Беседы с верующими и неверующими. – Москва : Госполитиздат, 1954. – 84 с.;
 О вере в бога (On Faith in God) : [Школьникам об атеизме]. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – Москва : Учпедгиз, 1961. – 104 с.; 20 см.Научные предвидения и религиозные предрассудки (Scientific Foresight and Religious Prejudices). – Москва : Воениздат, 1955. – 88 с.;
 Научные предвидения и религиозные предрассудки (Scientific Foresight and Religious Prejudices). – 2-е изд., доп. – Москва : Воениздат, 1958. – 125 с.; 20 см. – (Научно-популярная б-ка).Как произошел человеческий род (How did the Human Race Come from). – Москва : Моск. рабочий, 1955. – 104 с. : ил. Что такое Вселенная (What is the Universe). – 2-е изд., перераб. – Москва : Гостехиздат, 1955.– 200 с. : ил. ;
 Наука и религия о строении Вселенной (Science and Religion about the Structure of the Universe). – [Москва] : Мол. гвардия, 1955. – 64 с.;
 Что такое Вселенная (What is the Universe). – 3-е изд., стер. – Москва : Гостехиздат, 1957.– 200 с. : ил. ;
 О вере в бессмертие души (On Faith in the Immortality of the Soul). – Москва : Госполитиздат, 1957. – 52 с.;
 О смысле жизни (On the Meaning of Life) : (Критика религиозных представлений). – Москва : [б. и. ], 1958.– 39 с.;
 Сотворена ли Вселенная? (Is the Universe Created?). – Москва : Знание, 1957. – 32 с.; 22 см. – (Серия 11/ Всесоюз. о-во по распространению полит. и науч.знаний; No. 9). Сотворена ли Вселенная? (Is the Universe Created?) – Москва : Сов. Россия, 1963. – 59 с.; 14 см.– (Отвечаем на вопросы верующих). In Bulgarian
 Развитие на човешкия род / Г. А. Гурев ; Превел от руски Марко Марчевски. – 2-ро изд. – София : Нариздат, 1945. – 76 с. : ил. ;
 Сътворена ли е вселената? / Г. А. Гурев ; Прев.от рус. Катя Койчева. – [София] : Профиздат, 1960. – 70 с.; 15 см. – (Научно-атеистични знания; No. 8. 1960).Дарвинизъм и религия : Из историята на идеологичната борба в биологията / Г. А. Гурев ; Прев. от рус. Екатерина Пеева. – София : Наука и изкуство, 1959. – 233 с.;
 За вярата в безсмъртие на душата / Г. А. Гурев ; Прев. от рус. Л. Цветаров.– София : Изд-во на Нац. съвет на Отечеств. фронт, 1960. – 48 с.; 22 см. – (Библиотека политически и научни знания; 10). Учението на Коперник и религията [Текст] / Прев. от рус.Драгомир Николаев. – София : Изд-во на Бълг. ком. партия, 1967. – 195 с.;
 За вярата в бога : Беседи с вярващи и невярващи / Г. А. Гурев ; Прев. от рус. език Мария Шарланджиева.– София : Народна младеж, 1955. – 72 с.;
In German
 Wie der Darwinismus von den malthusianistischen Fehlern befreit wurde : Stenogramm eines öffentlichen Vortrages der Unionsgesellschaft zur Verbreitung politischer und wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse in Moskau / Von G. A. Gurew. – Berlin : Aufbau-Verl., 1953. – 44 с.; 19 см. – (Kulturbund zur demokratischen Erneuerung Deutschlands. Vorträge zur Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse; 40). Über den Glauben an Gott : Gespräche mit Gläubigen und Nichtgläubigen : Übers.nach dem russisch. Orig. / G. A. Gurew. – Bukarest : Politischer Verl., 1958. – 110 с.;
In Greek
 Τό σύμπαν  / Γ. Α. Γκοῦριεφ. – [Б. м.]: Νέα Ἑλλάδα, 1951. – 62 с. : ил. ; 16 см. – (Ἐκλαϊκευτική βιβλιοθήκη; 3)
In Romanian
 Despre credinţa în dumnezeu : De vorba cu credincioşi şi necredincioşi : [Trad. din limba rusă] / G. A. Gurev. – București : Ed. de stat pentru literatură politică, 1956.– 90 p.;
In Hungarian
 Az istenhitről / G. A. Gurjev ; Ford. Auer Kálmán. – Budapest : Szikra, 1955. – 79 с.;
 Tudományos előrelátás és vallásos jóslatok; A tudomány és a vallás a világmindenség szerkezetéről / G. A. Gurev ; Ford. Moor Albert és Sártói Ambrus. – Budapest : Művelt nép, 1952. – 62 с.;
In Polish
 O wierze w boga : Pogadanki z wierzącymi i niewierzącymi / G. A. Guriew ; Przeł.J. Docenko. – Wilnius : Państw. wyd-wo literatury politycznej i naukowej, 1955. – 85 с.;
 Co to jest wszechświat / G. Guriew ; Przekł. z wyd. 2-go, przerobionego I. Tarasiejski. – Wilnius : Państ.wyd. literatury polit. i naukowej, 1956. – 226 s. : il. ;
 Nauka i religia o budowie wszechświata : Stenogram odczytu publicznego ... / G. Guriew ; Przełożył J. Zaborowski ; Wszechzwiązkowe t-wo krzewienia wiedzy politycznej i naukowej. – Wilnius : Państwowe wyd-wo literatury politycznej i naukowej, 1951. – 35 с.;
In Slovak
 Vedecké predvídania a náboženské proroctvá / G. A. Gurev ; Prel.Ján Štefánik. – Martin : Osveta, 1953. – 26 с.;

References
 Atheistic Dictionary / Гурев Григорий Абрамович

1891 births
1978 deaths
20th-century Russian writers
20th-century historians
Christ myth theory proponents
Historians of Christianity
Russian historians of religion
Soviet atheists
Soviet historians
Russian atheism activists


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<mask><mask> is an Indian-American businessman, academic, and philanthropist. He is the founder of The George Foundation (TGF), a non-profit organization based in Bangalore, India dedicated to the welfare and empowerment of economically and socially disadvantaged populations in India. His foundation has initiated numerous projects in poverty alleviation, education, healthcare, lead poisoning prevention, women's empowerment, and press freedom. He founded the Shanti Bhavan school to help provide free education to socially disadvantaged kids from age 4 through college. <mask> has also been recognized as one of the world's leading social entrepreneurs. Early years
<mask> was born and brought up in the seaside city of Trivandrum, Kerala, at the southwestern tip of India. He is the second son of Mathew and <mask>, one of four children.At fourteen, <mask> was admitted to the National Defence Academy in Khadakwasla. He subsequently went on to graduate as a second-lieutenant in a medium artillery regiment of the Indian Army. <mask>'s first posting in 1966 was to the Northeast Frontier that borders China, following the Chinese invasion of 1962. The assignment  in Se La in Northeast Frontier of India ended abruptly after only ten months when <mask> was injured in a dynamite explosion. Upon his return from convalescence, he was assigned to the Indo-Pakistan border, where he served for nearly two more years and rose to the rank of captain. "<mask> has spoken of his time in the army as formative experience: "There is, I suppose, some stage in each one’s life that has a greater impact on his future than all others. For me, it was these army experiences that helped shape much of my outlook on life."In 1968, the third year of <mask>'s service, he suffered a hearing disability. At the time, doctors in India were not trained to tackle his medical condition; it required specialized surgery. By this point, his mother was already in the United States, teaching physics and working for NASA as a research scientist. His mother's position afforded him the opportunity to come to America where he could have his surgery and start a new life. Education and professional life
<mask> joined his mother in Alabama during the heyday of the segregationist governor, <mask>. He found the transition to be overwhelming, later writing of it: "I felt I had gone to another world, not simply another country". Soon after arriving in America, <mask> attended New York University's Stern School of Business as a graduate student.During that time, he became an American citizen. He specialized in developmental economics and international finance, and soon after completing his doctoral work he decided to enter the teaching profession. Later, Chemical Bank, now part of JP Morgan Chase Bank, offered <mask> a job as an officer in the bank which he accepted. <mask> had worked for Chemical Bank for two years when he decided in 1976 to start his own company, Multinational Computer Models, Inc (MCM), which would offer computerized systems to large multinational corporations to enable them to deal with their international financial risks. MCM subsequently formed a joint venture with the global investment bank Credit Suisse First Boston where <mask> served as the Chief Consultant and Managing Director of its new operations. In 1998, <mask> sold MCM to SunGard Data Systems, a Fortune 500 company, where he served as a Vice-Chairman for two years. He was on the boards of Vellore Christian Medical College & Hospital, International Center for Journalists, and Human Rights Watch.He is an Adjunct Professor at New York University Stern School of business. The George Foundation and Shanti Bhavan Educational Trust
<mask> returned to India in January 1995 after a long absence. His intent was to reduce the injustices and inequalities of which he had become aware and to this end he established The George Foundation, a non-profit charitable trust (www.shantibhavanchildren.org and www.tgfworld.org). One of his initial projects, Shanti Bhavan Residential School, offers world-class education and care to children from the poorest segment of India who are also from the dalit or "untouchable" castes. As of 2017, after 20 years of the school's operations, the first four batches have now graduated from college and are employed by global companies like Mercedes Benz, Goldman Sachs, Ernst & Young and others -- an accomplishment that has no parallel in India's social history. In 2021, 6 Shanti Bhavan graduates received admission to Stanford, Dartmouth, Hofstra, Duke, Princeton, Middlebury, and Northwestern universities for undergraduate studies. The Shanti Bhavan story is told by the life-journey of five of its girls in a four-part NETFLIX documentary, Daughters of Destiny(www.netflix.com/in/title/80092926).Writing
<mask> has authored several books and articles on international finance

  International Finance Handbook (2 volumes), John Wiley & Sons ()
  Foreign exchange Management and the Multinational Corporation, Holt, Rinehart and Winston ()
  Protecting Shareholder Value: International Financial Risk Management, Prentice Hall ()

Since becoming a full-time philanthropist, <mask> has written several articles and has published two books:
  India Untouched: The Forgotten Face of Rural Poverty, Writer's Collective () - A description of Dr. <mask>'s initial 10 years of social work in rural India. Lead Poisoning Prevention and Treatment: Implementing a National Program in Developing Countries --distributed by World Bank to governments of developing countries in 2001 for policy implementation. Awards

 NYU Stern School of Business' Stewart Satter Social Entrepreneurship Award, USA
 Spirit of India Award, American India Foundation, USA
 Hind Ratna Award, Non-Resident Indian Association, Delhi
 Millennium Awards, Indian American Kerala Cultural and Civic Center, USA
 GOPIO (Global Organization of People of India Origin) 2017 Community Service Award
 Lifetime Achievement Award for contribution to social projects by Kerala Samaj, New York. References and footnotes

External links
 The George Foundation
   Shanti Bhavan Residential School
 National Referral Centre for Lead Poisoning in India
 Indian Institute of Journalism New Media
 NYU Stern Alumni Magazine feature
 Blog: Uncovering the truth about poverty
 Net Impact and WIVP welcome Dr. <mask> to Wharton

Businesspeople from Thiruvananthapuram
Indian philanthropists
Indian emigrants to the United States
Rural community development
Agrarian politics
New York University Stern School of Business alumni
Living people
1946 births

masks:
Abraham M
. George
George
George
Aleyamma George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George Wallace
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
Abraham George


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<mask> (born 20 September 1999) is an Irish professional footballer who plays for EFL League One club Oxford United, having previously played for League of Ireland Premier Division club, St Patrick's Athletic, the club where he started his professional career. He has also spent a season on loan at Drogheda United. Club career

Early career
Raised in Enfield, County Meath, <mask> played for his local club Enfield Celtic before signing for his local League of Ireland club Drogheda United in August 2015. He played for the club's under 17 side for their 2015 and 2016 seasons before moving to Dublin club St Patrick's Athletic in March 2017, playing with their under 19 side. He played in the same Under 19s team as fellow future first team players including Jake Walker, Brian Maher, Paul Clearly and Joe Manley. In 2018, his side got to the Enda McGuill Cup final, ultimately losing out 2–1 to Bohemians at Richmond Park on 4 September. St Patrick's Athletic
McNally's first involvement in a first team squad was on 8 August 2017, when he was named on the bench for a Leinster Senior Cup game against Firhouse Clover, remaining an unused substitute.On 8 February 2019, it was announced that <mask> had signed a two-year professional contract with St Patrick's Athletic, while he would be loaned to Drogheda United for the 2019 League of Ireland First Division season. Drogheda United loan
<mask>'s first appearance in a Drogheda United shirt came on 8 February 2019, playing in a friendly against his parent club St Patrick's Athletic on the same day that he signed for the club on loan. His competitive debut in senior football came on the opening night of the League of Ireland First Division season, as his side beat Cobh Ramblers 4–0 at United Park. The first senior goal of McNally's career also came against Cobh Ramblers, when he scored the 4th goal in a 4–1 away win at St Colman's Park on 27 April 2019. The month of May saw him score twice, scoring the 4th goal in a 5–0 win over Cabinteely at Stradbrook Road on the 18th, before scoring an equaliser in a 2–1 win away to Wexford at Ferrycarrig Park. On 28 June 2019, <mask> scored an injury time header to beat Bray Wanderers by a goal to nil at United Park. <mask> then scored in a 3–1 win over Galway United in August as well as scoring an equaliser against Shelbourne in a title-deciding match which his side lost 3–1 to finish runners up to Shels in second place.Drogheda United's second-place finish did, however, earn them a place in the League of Ireland Promotion/Relegation Playoffs. They faced Cabinteely in the semi-final and lost the first leg 1–0 before thumping them 5–1 in the second leg with <mask> scoring a Perfect Hat-Trick from Centre back. Despite winning the first leg of the Playoff Final 1–0 at home to Premier Division side Finn Harps, McNally and Drogheda were beaten 2–0 at Finn Park in the second leg, denying them a place in the 2020 League of Ireland Premier Division. McNally finished his first full season with 37 appearances in all competitions, scoring 9 goals despite his defensive role in the team. At the club's end of season awards night, he was named as Drogheda United Young Player of the Year for 2019. Return from loan
New Pat's manager Stephen O'Donnell decided to keep <mask> on after an impressive season with Drogheda United, with McNally returning to Pat's first team training for pre-season on 2 December 2019 ahead of the 2020 season. McNally signed a new two-year contract with the club on 27 January 2020.He made his senior debut for the club in the opening game of the season on 14 February 2020, a 1–0 loss to Waterford at Richmond Park. The season was halted after just 4 games due to the Coronavirus pandemic, which later resulted in the number of games in the season being halved. During this time McNally was linked with a move to EFL League One side Ipswich Town. The move failed to materialise, however, and he stayed at St Patrick's Athletic and scored his first goal for the club in a 3–2 loss to Finn Harps on 8 October 2020 with a header from a corner. On 2 December 2020, he was named the club's Young Player of the Year for 2020, following a season which he was one of only three players in the entire league to play every minute of every game in the season. Oxford United
On 29 January 2021 it was confirmed that EFL League One side Oxford United had signed <mask> on a 3-and-a-half-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He spent his first few months at the club undergoing a 'mini pre-season' to get fit following a hip injury, first making the first-team matchday squad on 2 April 2021 when he was an unused substitute away to Sunderland.He made his debut for the first team in July 2021 in a friendly against Oxford City during pre-season, in which teammate and fellow defender Sam Long described him as "an absolute machine". His competitive debut for the club came on 11 August 2021 in an EFL Cup tie away to Burton Albion at Pirelli Stadium, which his side won 4–2 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in 90 minutes to earn a tie with Queens Park Rangers in the next round. He made his league debut three days later in a 2–1 win over Charlton Athletic at the Kassam Stadium. McNally scored his first goal in English football on 23 November 2021, opening the scoring in a 3–1 win at home to Fleetwood Town. International career
McNally made his debut for the Republic of Ireland U19 team on 2 February 2017 in a 2–1 win over Czech Republic U19 at the RSC, playing alongside future Republic of Ireland senior internationals Aaron Connolly, Dara O'Shea, Mark Travers and Lee O'Connor. In August 2020, he was called up to Jim Crawford's Republic of Ireland U21 team for a training camp in Belfast ahead of their qualifiers in October and November. He was again called up to train with the squad ahead of the October clash with Italy U21.Career statistics

Honours

Individual
Drogheda United Young Player of the Year: 2019
St Patrick's Athletic Young Player of the Year: 2020

References

External links

1999 births
Living people
People from County Meath
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland youth international footballers
Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Drogheda United F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Association football defenders
League of Ireland players
English Football League players
Expatriate footballers in England
Irish expatriate sportspeople in England

masks:
Luke McNally
McNally
McNally
McNally
McNally
McNally
McNally
McNally
McNally


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<mask>, <mask> of Oystermouth,  (born 14 June 1950) is a Welsh Anglican bishop, theologian and poet. He was the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury, a position he held from December 2002 to December 2012. Previously the Bishop of Monmouth and Archbishop of Wales, <mask> was the first Archbishop of Canterbury in modern times not to be appointed from within the Church of England. <mask>'s primacy was marked by speculation that the Anglican Communion (in which the Archbishop of Canterbury is the leading figure) was on the verge of fragmentation over disagreements on contemporary issues such as homosexuality and the ordination of women. <mask> worked to keep all sides talking to one another. Notable events during his time as Archbishop of Canterbury include the rejection by a majority of dioceses of his proposed Anglican Covenant and, in the final general synod of his tenure, his unsuccessful attempt to secure a sufficient majority for a measure to allow the appointment of women as bishops in the Church of England. Having spent much of his earlier career as an academic at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford successively, <mask> speaks three languages and reads at least nine.After standing down as archbishop, <mask>ord Lectures at the University of Edinburgh in 2013. Justin Welby succeeded <mask> as the Archbishop of Canterbury on 9 November 2012, being enthroned in March 2013. On 26 December 2012, 10 Downing St announced <mask>'s elevation to the peerage as a life peer, so that he could continue to speak in the Upper House of Parliament. Following the creation of his title on 8 January and its gazetting on 11 January 2013, he was introduced to the temporal benches of the House of Lords as <mask> of Oystermouth on 15 January 2013, sitting as a crossbencher. He retired from the House on 31 August 2020 and from Magdalene College that Michaelmas, returning to Abergavenny, in his former diocese (Monmouthshire). Early life and ordination
<mask> was born on 14 June 1950 in Swansea, Wales, into a Welsh-speaking family.He was the only child of Aneurin <mask> and his wife Nancy Delphine (known as "Del") <mask> (née Morris) – Presbyterians who became Anglicans in 1961. He was educated at the state sector Dynevor School, Swansea, before reading theology at Christ's College, Cambridge, whence he graduated with starred first-class honours. He then went to Wadham College, Oxford, where he studied under A. M. Allchin and graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1975 with a thesis entitled The Theology of Vladimir Nikolaievich Lossky: An Exposition and Critique. <mask> lectured and trained for ordination at the College of the Resurrection in Mirfield, West Yorkshire, for two years (1975–1977). In 1977, he returned to Cambridge to teach theology as a tutor (as well as chaplain and Director of Studies) at Westcott House; he was made a deacon in the chapel by Eric Wall, Bishop of Huntingdon, at Michaelmas (2 October). While there, he was ordained a priest the Petertide following (2 July 1978), by Peter Walker, Bishop of Ely, at Ely Cathedral. Private life
On 4 July 1981, <mask> married Jane Paul, a writer and lecturer in theology.They have two children. Career

Early academic career and pastoral ministry
<mask> did not have a formal curacy until 1980, when he served at St George's, Chesterton, Cambridge, until 1983, after having been appointed a university lecturer in divinity at Cambridge. In 1984 he became dean and chaplain of Clare College and, in 1986 at the age of 36, he was appointed to the Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity at Oxford, a position which brought with it appointment to a residentiary canonry of Christ Church Cathedral. In 1989 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD) and, in 1990, was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA). Episcopal ministry
On 5 December 1991, <mask> was elected Bishop of Monmouth in the Church in Wales: he was consecrated a bishop on 1 May 1992 at St Asaph Cathedral and enthroned at Newport Cathedral on 14 May. He continued to serve as Bishop of Monmouth after he was elected to also be the Archbishop of Wales in December 1999, in which capacity he was enthroned again at Newport Cathedral on 26 February 2000. In 2002, he was announced as the successor to George Carey as Archbishop of Canterbury — the senior bishop in the Church of England.The Archbishop of Canterbury in England acts as a focus of unity recognised as primus inter pares ("first among equals") but does not exercise authority in Anglican provinces outside the Church of England. As a bishop of the disestablished Church in Wales, <mask> was the first Archbishop of Canterbury since the English Reformation to be appointed to this office from outside the Church of England. His election by the Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral was confirmed by nine bishops in the customary ceremony in London on 2 December 2002, when he officially became Archbishop of Canterbury. He was enthroned at Canterbury Cathedral on 27 February 2003 as the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury. The translation of <mask> to Canterbury was widely canvassed. As a bishop he had demonstrated a wide range of interests in social and political matters and was widely regarded, by academics and others, as a figure who could make Christianity credible to the intelligent unbeliever. As a patron of Affirming Catholicism, his appointment was a considerable departure from that of his predecessor and his views, such as those expressed in a widely published lecture on homosexuality were seized on by a number of evangelical and conservative Anglicans.The debate had begun to divide the Anglican Communion, however, and <mask>, in his new role as its leader was to have an important role. As Archbishop of Canterbury, <mask> acted ex officio as visitor of King's College London, the University of Kent and Keble College, Oxford, governor of Charterhouse School, and, since 2005, as (inaugural) chancellor of Canterbury Christ Church University. In addition to these ex officio roles, Cambridge University awarded him an honorary doctorate in divinity in 2006; in April 2007, Trinity College and Wycliffe College, both associated with the University of Toronto, awarded him a joint Doctor of Divinity degree during his first visit to Canada since being enthroned and he also received honorary degrees and fellowships from various universities including Kent, Oxford, and Roehampton. <mask> speaks or reads eleven languages: English, Welsh, Spanish, French, German, Russian, Biblical Hebrew, Syriac, Latin, and both Ancient (koine) and Modern Greek. He learnt Russian in order to be able to read the works of Dostoevsky in the original. He has since described his spoken German as a "disaster area" and said that he is "a very clumsy reader and writer of Russian". <mask> is also a poet and translator of poetry.His collection The Poems of <mask> Williams, published by Perpetua Press, was longlisted for the Wales Book of the Year award in 2004. Beside his own poems, which have a strong spiritual and landscape flavour, the collection contains several fluent translations from Welsh poets. He was criticised in the press for allegedly supporting a "pagan organisation", the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards, which promotes Welsh language and literature and uses druidic ceremonial but is actually not religious in nature. In 2005, Prince Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles, a divorcee, in a civil ceremony. Afterwards, <mask> gave the couple a formal service of blessing. In fact, the arrangements for the wedding and service were strongly supported by the Archbishop "consistent with the Church of England guidelines concerning remarriage". The "strongly-worded" act of penitence by the couple, a confessional prayer written by Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury to King Henry VIII, was interpreted as a confession by the bride and groom of past sins, albeit without specific reference and going "some way towards acknowledging concerns" over their past misdemeanours.<mask> officiated at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton on 29 April 2011. On 16 November 2011, <mask> attended a special service at Westminster Abbey celebrating the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible in the presence of Queen Elizabeth, Prince Philip and Prince Charles, Patron of the King James Bible Trust. To mark the ending of his tenure as Archbishop of Canterbury, <mask> presented a BBC television documentary about Canterbury Cathedral, in which he reflected upon his time in office. Entitled Goodbye to Canterbury, the programme was screened on 1 January 2013. 2010 General Synod address

On 9 February 2010, in an address to the General Synod of the Church of England, <mask> warned that damaging infighting over the ordination of women as bishops and gay priests could lead to a permanent split in the Anglican Communion. He stressed that he did not "want nor relish" the prospect of division and called on the Church of England and Anglicans worldwide to step back from a "betrayal" of God's mission and to put the work of Christ before schism. But he conceded that, unless Anglicans could find a way to live with their differences over women as bishops and homosexual ordination, the church would change shape and become a multi-tier communion of different levels – a schism in all but name.<mask> also said that "it may be that the covenant creates a situation in which there are different levels of relationship between those claiming the name of Anglican. I don’t at all want or relish this, but suspect that, without a major change of heart all round, it may be an unavoidable aspect of limiting the damage we are already doing to ourselves." In such a structure, some churches would be given full membership of the Anglican Communion, while others had a lower-level form of membership, with no more than observer status on some issues. <mask> also used his keynote address to issue a profound apology for the way that he had spoken about "exemplary and sacrificial" gay Anglican priests in the past. "There are ways of speaking about the question that seem to ignore these human realities or to undervalue them," he said. "I have been criticised for doing just this, and I am profoundly sorry for the carelessness that could give such an impression." Subsequent academic career
On 17 January 2013, <mask> was admitted as the 35th Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge and served until September 2020.He was also made an honorary Professor of Contemporary Christian Thought by the University of Cambridge in 2017. On 18 June 2013, the University of South Wales announced his appointment as its new chancellor, the ceremonial head of the university. In 2015, it was reported that <mask> had written a play called Shakeshafte, about a meeting between William Shakespeare and Edmund Campion, a Jesuit priest and martyr. <mask> suspects that Shakespeare was Catholic, though not a regular churchgoer. The play took to the stage in July 2016, and was received favourably. Patronage
<mask> is patron of the Canterbury Open Centre run by Catching Lives, a local charity supporting the destitute. He has also been patron of the Peace Mala Youth Project For World Peace since 2002, one of his last engagements as Archbishop of Wales being to lead the charity's launch ceremony.In addition, he is president of WaveLength Charity, a UK-wide organisation which gives TVs and radios to isolated and vulnerable people; every Archbishop of Canterbury since the charity's inception in 1939 has actively participated in this role. <mask> is also patron of the T. S. Eliot Society and delivered the society's annual lecture in November 2013. <mask> was also patron of the Birmingham-based charity The Feast, from 2010 until his retirement as Archbishop of Canterbury. <mask> has been a patron of the Cogwheel Trust, a local Cambridgeshire charity providing affordable counselling, since 2015 and is active in his support. On 1 May 2013 he became chair of the board of trustees of Christian Aid. Together with Grey Ruthven, 2nd Earl of Gowrie, and Sir Daniel Day-Lewis, <mask> is a patron of the Wilfred Owen Association, formed in 1989 to commemorate the life and work of the World War I poet Wilfred Owen. He is the visitor of the Oratory of the Good Shepherd, a dispersed Anglican religious community of male priests.He also acts as visitor to the new monastic Holywell Community in Abergavenny. He is also a patron of the Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius which promotes ecumenical relationships between the Anglican and Orthodox churches. <mask>, a scholar of the Church Fathers and a historian of Christian spirituality, wrote in 1983 that orthodoxy should be seen "as a tool rather than an end in itself..." It is not something which stands still. Thus "old styles come under increasing strain, new speech needs to be generated". He sees orthodoxy as a number of "dialogues": a constant dialogue with Christ, crucified and risen; but also that of the community of faith with the world – "a risky enterprise", as he writes. "We ought to be puzzled", he says, "when the world is not challenged by the gospel." It may mean that Christians have not understood the kinds of bondage to which the gospel is addressed.He has also written that "orthodoxy is inseparable from sacramental practice... The eucharist is the paradigm of that dialogue which is 'orthodoxy'". This stance may help to explain both his social radicalism and his view of the importance of the Church, and thus of the holding together of the Anglican communion over matters such as homosexuality: his belief in the idea of the Church is profound. John Shelby Spong once accused <mask> of being a "neo-medievalist", preaching orthodoxy to the people in the pew but knowing in private that it is not true. In an interview with the magazine Third Way, <mask> responded:

Although generally considered an Anglo-Catholic, <mask> has broad sympathies. One of his first publications, in the largely evangelical Grove Books series, has the title Eucharistic Sacrifice: The Roots of a Metaphor. Moral theology

<mask>'s contributions to Anglican views of homosexuality were perceived as quite liberal before he became the Archbishop of Canterbury.These views are evident in a paper written by <mask> called "The Body's Grace", which he originally delivered as the 10th Michael Harding Memorial Address in 1989 to the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement, and which is now part of a series of essays collected in the book Theology and Sexuality (ed. Eugene Rogers, Blackwells 2002). At the Lambeth Conference in July 1998, then Bishop <mask> of Monmouth abstained and did not vote in favour of the conservative resolution on human sexuality. These actions, combined with his initial support for openly gay Canon Jeffrey John, gained him support among liberals and caused frustration for conservatives. Social views

His interest in and involvement with social issues is longstanding. While chaplain of Clare College, Cambridge, <mask> took part in anti-nuclear demonstrations at United States bases. In 1985, he was arrested for singing psalms as part of a protest organised by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament at Lakenheath, an American air base in Suffolk; his fine was paid by his college.At this time he was a member of the left-wing Anglo-Catholic Jubilee Group headed by Kenneth Leech and he collaborated with Leech in a number of publications including the anthology of essays to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Oxford Movement entitled Essays Catholic and Radical in 1983. He was in New York at the time of September 2001 attacks, only yards from Ground Zero delivering a lecture; he subsequently wrote a short book, Writing in the Dust, offering reflections on the event. In reference to Al Qaeda, he said that terrorists "can have serious moral goals" and that "Bombast about evil individuals doesn't help in understanding anything." He subsequently worked with Muslim leaders in England and on the third anniversary of 9/11 spoke, by invitation, at the Al-Azhar University Institute in Cairo on the subject of the Trinity. He stated that the followers of the will of God should not be led into ways of violence. He contributed to the debate prior to the 2005 general election criticising assertions that immigration was a cause of crime. <mask> has argued that the partial adoption of Islamic sharia law in the United Kingdom is "unavoidable" as a method of arbitration in such affairs as marriage, and should not be resisted.On 15 November 2008 <mask> visited the Balaji Temple in Tividale, West Midlands, on a goodwill mission to represent the friendship between Christianity and Hinduism. On 6 May 2010 <mask> met Indian Islamic leader, Mohammed Burhanuddin, at Huseini Mosque in Northolt, London, to discuss the need for interfaith co-operation; and planted a "tree of faith" in the mosque's grounds to signify the many commonalities between the two religions. Economics
In 2002, <mask> delivered the Richard Dimbleby lecture and chose to talk about the problematic nature of the nation-state but also of its successors. He cited the "market state" as offering an inadequate vision of the way a state should operate, partly because it was liable to short-term and narrowed concerns (thus rendering it incapable of dealing with, for instance, issues relating to the degradation of the natural environment) and partly because a public arena which had become value-free was liable to disappear amidst the multitude of competing private interests. (He noted the same moral vacuum in British society after this visit to China in 2006.) He is not uncritical of communitarianism, but his reservations about consumerism have been a constant theme. These views have often been expressed in quite strong terms; for example, he once commented that "Every transaction in the developed economies of the West can be interpreted as an act of aggression against the economic losers in the worldwide game."<mask> has supported the Robin Hood tax campaign since March 2010, re-affirming his support in a November 2011 article he published in the Financial Times. He is also a vocal opponent of tax avoidance and a proponent of corporate social responsibility, arguing that "economic growth and prosperity are about serving the human good, not about serving private ends". Iraq War and possible attack on Syria or Iran
<mask> was to repeat his opposition to American action in October 2002 when he signed a petition against the Iraq War as being against United Nations (UN) ethics and Christian teaching, and "lowering the threshold of war unacceptably". Again on 30 June 2004, together with then-Archbishop of York, David Hope, and on behalf of all 114 Church of England bishops, he wrote to Tony Blair expressing deep concern about UK government

masks:
Rowan Douglas Williams
Baron Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williamsiff
Williams
Williams
Baron Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Rowan
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Theology Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Rowan Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams