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Gerald "<mask><mask> (born March 9, 1946) is an American track and field runner who set many long-standing high school and national records in the United States. In 1965, <mask> and Billy Mills both broke the world record for the six-mile run when they finished in an extremely rare tie at the AAU National Championships, both running exactly 27:11.6. <mask> went on to win a record 11 NCAA collegiate championships with Washington State University. Running career

High school
In 1964, in his senior year at Rogers High School, <mask> ran 5000 meters in 13 minutes and 44 seconds flat, on a clay track in Compton, CA setting a U.S. high school record for the distance that would remain unbroken for 40 years, until Galen Rupp ran 13:37.91 on July 30, 2004. Among his other records he established that year was his time of 8:40.0 in an indoor  race that shattered the previous U.S. national high school mark by an incredible 43 seconds; it was the fastest high school  time ever run indoors until February 16, 2013, when Edward Cheserek ran 8:39.15 at the Millrose Games. Lindgren was coached by Tracy Walters in high school, where Walters was responsible for inspiring <mask> to the heights he reached. In the summer following high school graduation and his historic 13:44 5k, Lindgren ran 200 miles a week for 6 weeks in preparation for the US-USSR meet.After that victory, he also set a new teenage record of 13:17.0 for 3 miles while competing in Jamaica, a meet where he ran his mile best of 4:01.5 as well, both on a dirt track. On July 25, 1964, <mask> outran two seasoned Soviet runners, Leonid Ivanov and Anatoly Dutov to win the 10,000 m event in the US-USSR Track Meet in Los Angeles. The event heralded great success for American distance runners in 1964. The ensuing 12 months brought forth 2 gold medals by Americans, in both the 5,000 and 10,000 m events in Tokyo, as well as World Records in the 2-mile, 6-mile and indoor mile. <mask> was Track and Field News "High School Athlete of the Year" in 1964, and won the 10,000 meter race at the 1964 Olympic Trials. The Summer Olympics and After

In the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, he finished ninth in the 10,000 m behind gold medalist Billy Mills after having sprained an ankle during training. Four years later, <mask> tried to make the 1968 Olympic team but finished 5th in the 10,000 m and 4th in the 5,000 m in the Olympic Trials at Echo Summit, just missing the team at both distances.In his training just after college, he was said to have averaged 240 miles per week for one year, including allegedly running a 380-mile week. <mask> also competed against Mills in the 1965 AAU Nationals meet, where they raced the . Mills won with a diving lean, while both were timed in 27:11.6, a new world record shared by Mills and <mask>. The mark was also superior to the then world record for 10,000 m of 28:15 held by Ron Clarke. T&F News converted their mark to 28:10. But perhaps <mask>'s greatest race came during a May 1966 NCAA Regional meet at age 20, in the 3-mile run on a dirt track during a cold, windy day in Seattle. He raced to 12:53.0, just missing the world record of 12:52.4 held by Ron Clarke.Both times were superior to the then world record in the 5,000 m of 13:24. T&F News converted his time to 13:21. Collegiate and retirement
<mask> attended Washington State University in Pullman, Washington, where he majored in political science and minored in Russian language. While at Washington State, <mask> won 11 NCAA Championships. (His only loss at an NCAA championship was to Jim Ryun in the 1968 indoor  race.) He was one of only two people to ever defeat Steve Prefontaine in an NCAA Championship. (<mask> won the 1969 NCAA Cross Country Championship in which 1968 NCAA champion Mike Ryan finished second and Prefontaine third.)He competed sporadically after graduating from college but without any notable success. Since 1980, <mask> has lived in Honolulu, Hawaii. He continues to run regularly, active in the Hawaii running community. He coached the University of Hawaii's women's track and field team 2005–2007. He claims that "Karma comes from serving other people instead of serving yourself. I found that if I could serve others people without them knowing about it I could grow Karma faster," and that this would lead to success on the track. Notes
 <mask>'s 6-mile personal record and his 10,000 meter personal record vary to a much larger degree than the lengthwise difference between the two distances (the 10,000 meters is 0.2 miles longer than 6 miles) would indicate.His 6-mile best time of 27:11 would hypothetically convert to just above 28 minutes for 10,000 meters if he continued at a similar pace for an extra 321 meters. However, he never ran faster than 28:40 in the 10,000m, as the 10,000m was not raced as often in the United States as the 6-mile was during the time <mask> competed. Similar circumstances surround his 3-mile and 5000m pr differences. References

External links

Notes on <mask>
Top Ten List of American High School Boys Track Performances
Cougar Best Performances

1946 births
Living people
American male long-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic track and field athletes of the United States
Sportspeople from Spokane, Washington
American masters athletes

masks:
Gerry
" Paul Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Gerry
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren


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<mask> (9 April 1828 in Tinicum Township, Pennsylvania – 3 November 1914 in Philadelphia) was a ballooning pioneer in the United States. Early interest
When a boy, he was fond of climbing to the greatest heights possible, to satisfy his passion for viewing extended landscapes. Soon after attaining his majority, he constructed a balloon. His first ascension was made on 25 September 1851 from Philadelphia. In consequence of a scant supply of gas, it proved only a partial success, and he received rough treatment in the tree tops and in being dragged up the Schuylkill River and over the dam. A second attempt produced a successful voyage across Philadelphia, far into New Jersey. Ascension experiences
He then made numerous expeditions from various places in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.In 1855 he made several ascensions from Wilmington, Delaware, and on 16 June 1856, ascended from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, but in descending was dashed to the earth and rendered insensible. During 1856-57 he made ascensions from Providence, Rhode Island, and other places in New England, and, on 15 August, he went up from New Haven, Connecticut, in his balloon “Queen of the Air,” which subsequently became famous from his ascensions made from Boston. At an ascension on 1 September 1858, he experimented with the use of a drag rope as a guide. In starting, he allowed 75 pounds of rope to trail along the ground. As the balloon gradually became heated by the sun, its buoyant power was increased without discharging ballast, and by the time five miles had been traversed the rope was lifted from the ground, and it continued to be lifted until a height of two miles had been reached. After a passage of nearly thirty miles, the drag rope was detached, and he continued a similar distance farther. In June 1859, he made an ascension from Charlestown, Massachusetts, landing in Belmont, and on 4 July following he made an ascension from Boston.On another occasion he ascended from Boston Common with a party, and alighted in Melrose, where a long rope was procured, and he treated some of the passengers to a bird's-eye view of the village by moonlight. While the balloon, with five young women, was in the air, it escaped, but after a few miles the descent was safely made. On 4 July 1868, he made an ascent from Buffalo, New York, with five persons. The start was excellent, but the balloon was carried out over Lake Erie, where, in efforts to navigate it, by means of an undercurrent, to reach the land, the car twice struck the surface of the water. <mask> reached the land, and then began a voyage that finally ended on the top of the Alleghany Mountains late at night. As the balloon struck, the anchor was thrown out, but it rebounded, passing over a tall pine tree, the top branches of which caught the anchor. The rope being comparatively short, the party were not able to reach the ground.The night was dark, and the nature of the surface beneath them was unknown, so they concluded to remain all night in the tree. When daylight came, the anchor rope was cut loose and the balloon landed with perfect safety. On 19 October 1869, <mask> ascended from Rochester, New York, with his monster balloon the “Hyperion,” in the presence of nearly 50,000 persons, carrying a party of seven. The weather was unfavorable, the wind boisterous, threatening clouds flew across the sky, flurries of snow were frequent, and the cold was searching. In four and a half minutes, although gas had been discharged from the valve, they entered a snow-cloud. The balloon moved at the rate of forty miles an hour, the cold was intense, night came on, and the party were in the midst of a driving snow storm. The weight of snow that collected on the top of the balloon drove it to the ground, and a forced landing in an open field was made in the squall; but the anchor did not hold, and the balloon bounded over a piece of woods, alighting on the other side.Here the anchor held for a while, the gas escaping from the valve, but, unfortunately, two of the party got out of the basket, and the balloon, thus lightened, broke loose and bounded upon a side hill and at last ran against a tree, a huge rent being made in the machine, so that the gas escaped almost instantly. The party had landed near Cazenovia. During a subsequent series of ascensions in the southern states, King had many strange experiences; the people, unfamiliar with such sights, were at a loss to account for his strange descent from the clouds. In February 1870, he ascended from Augusta, Georgia, and after a journey of 130 miles descended, although not until his balloon had become injured and he had been precipitated to the ground from a height of nearly 60 feet. In July 1872, he ascended from Boston Common, and was carried out to sea, but, after descending until the drag rope trailed through the water, a yacht was met with and the rope tied to its mast. The balloon soon towed the vessel in to the shore and landed. Scientific interest

King always claimed that the study of meteorology should be pursued with a balloon.For this purpose, during the autumn of 1872, he made several ascensions with officers of the United States Signal Service, and the results of their experience have been published in the Journal of the signal service. At the time of the attempted trip of the New York Daily Graphic balloon, the services of <mask> were called in, and it was through his efforts that the launching was made. (See the article on Washington Harrison Donaldson.) An important excursion was made on 4 July 1874, in <mask>'s balloon “Buffalo” from the city of that name. The start was made in the afternoon, the balloon was carried southward during the night, and, following the course of the Susquehanna River until the next morning, the party found themselves over Havre de Grace, Maryland, and as the sun rose a large part of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, and New Jersey was seen. Later a descent was made in New Jersey. In September of the same year an ascension was made from Cleveland at 11 A. M. At first the balloon moved westward, but, rising higher, it floated out over Lake Erie for eight hours, until Buffalo was nearly reached; then descending to the lower current, it drifted back past Cleveland toward the Canada shore, reaching Point au Pele near 7 P. M. He descended just in time to avoid being carried out over Lake Huron; but, the current changing, he again mounted and the balloon was carried across the lake, up the St. Clair River, finally landing in Michigan near Port Huron, after having traversed a distance of nearly 500 miles.On a trip made in July, 1875, with the “Buffalo,” he carried a photographer with him, who took numerous views of cloud effects, and the journey proved of special interest, as they passed through a series of thunderstorms, which they watched from beginning to end. In April 1877, he made several short trips from Nashville, Tennessee, with the observers from the U. S. Signal Service. In August 1887, he made an ascent at Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, in his balloon, the “Great Northwest,” accompanied by Henry Hazen of the U. S. Signal Service, and, after four hours drifting in the vicinity of the city, descended opposite Manayunk. <mask> led the way in the scientific study of the means of air navigation and in the photographing of objects, especially towns and cities, from the air. Publicity
<mask>'s early interest in ballooning created interest in others, so that balloon ascensions became features of expositions, traveling shows and other affairs in which many people were collected together. During the United States centennial year of 1876, <mask> made several excursions of various lengths from Philadelphia, where the Centennial Exposition was located. Over the subsequent years the publicity generated by <mask> and other balloonists during frequent demonstration ascensions led to an increase in the general interest in the navigation of the air.<mask> made ascents from nearly all the cities of the eastern United States, having in all made over 450 voyages through the air, traversing all the continental United States east of the Mississippi River, and much that is west of that river. He was married to Margaret Roberts and had two children. He died as the world's oldest balloonist. Publications

The Balloon:  Noteworthy Aerial Voyages from the Discovery of the Balloon to the Present Time, with a Narrative of the Aeronautic Experiences of Mr. <mask><mask> (1879)
“How to cross the Atlantic in a Balloon,” Century Magazine, October, 1901. Notes

References

1828 births
1914 deaths
American balloonists

masks:
Samuel Archer King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
Samuel A
. King


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<mask> (17 February 1948 – 28 September 2019), known professionally as <mask>, was a Mexican musician, singer and actor. Born into a family of musicians, <mask> began his musical career in his early teens playing guitar and singing in serenade. He later joined a jazz and bossa nova trio where he sang and played bass and double bass. <mask> found success as a solo artist in the early 1970s. Demonstrating his tenor vocal ability with a stunning performance of the song "El Triste" at a Latin music festival held in Mexico City in 1970, he climbed the Latin charts during that decade. Having achieved recognition as a balladeer, his singing garnered universal critical acclaim from musical peers and media. In the 1980s, after signing with Ariola Records, <mask> rose to international prominence as one of the most popular and talented Latin performers.His 1983 album Secretos has sold over twenty-five million units. With many international hits, he received several Grammy nominations and recognition worldwide. He sold out in venues such as Madison Square Garden and Radio City Music Hall. His music reached non-Spanish-speaking countries like Japan, Israel and Russia. He forged a career as an actor, starring in movies such as Gavilán o Paloma (1985) and Perdóname Todo (1995). Also known in the entertainment world as El Príncipe de la Canción (The Prince of Song), his performance and vocal style have influenced many Latin pop artists in a career that spanned more than four decades. Due to his vocals and popularity, <mask> was considered by Latin audience and media as an icon of Latin pop music and one of the most emblematic and best Latin singers of all the times.Life and career

1948–1962: Childhood
<mask> Sosa Ortiz was born on 17 February 1948 in Clavería, Azcapotzalco, Mexico City. His father, <mask> Esquivel, was an operatic tenor (tenor comprimario) and his mother, Margarita Ortiz, was a classical pianist. When <mask> showed interest in singing, they tried to discourage him claiming that it was too difficult to be successful in show business. In that time, his reportedly alcoholic father abandoned the family forcing <mask> to work to help his mother and younger brother. 1963–1969: Beginnings as singer
At the age of fifteen, his mother gave him his first piano. Besides working in his teens, he learned to play guitar and sang in the church and in serenades along with his neighborhood friends for extra money. In 1967, at the age of 19, <mask> formed Los Peg, a Mexican band of bossa nova/jazz.Although they made several recordings as a group, their songs were not successful. In 1965, under the name of "Pepe Sosa", pursuing a solo career encouraged by his mother, he recorded the singles "Ma vie" and "El Mundo" without success. He made a breakthrough with his artistic career when he was invited to perform a song for a friend's sister on her birthday. His friend's sister was the executive secretary for the managing director of Orfeón Records. He joined his first name "<mask>" with his father's first name - also <mask> - who died of alcoholism. He signed a contract with RCA Victor and recorded his first album: <mask> (also known as Cuidado). The album featured songs by Rubén Fuentes and Armando Manzanero.It was arranged by his former teacher Mario Patrón, who was considered the best jazz musician of Mexico, and employed Brazilian percussionist Mayuto Correa, who was in Mexico City playing with bossa nova stars João Gilberto, Carlos Lira, Leny Andrade and Tamba Trio. The album's sound is a combination of boleros and romantic ballads with a jazz and bossa nova influence. The quality of his debut album garnered praise from critics but did not achieve much popular success. 1970–1980: "El Triste", consolidation and Ariola Records

In early 1970 he released the song "La nave del olvido" which became his first big hit in Mexico and Latin America, and recorded his second album: La Nave Del Olvido. <mask>'s big break came on 15 March 1970, when he represented Mexico in the international song festival the II Festival de la Canción Latina (Latin Song Festival II, predecessor of the OTI Festival) with a performance of the song "El Triste". Although <mask> finished in third place, his performance helped launch his music career to a wider audience. <mask> had several major hits in the 1970s including "De Pueblo en Pueblo", "Hasta Que Vuelvas",  "Déjame Conocerte", "Sentimientos", "Paloma", and "Gavilan o Paloma".One song which was played on the radio, "El Príncipe" ("The Prince"), earned the artist the title "El Príncipe de la Canción" ("The Prince of Songs") from a DJ. In 1973, Frank Sinatra listened to <mask>'s music at Reprise Records and invited him to record a duet and a full album under Sinatra's label. The collaboration was impossible due to <mask>'s exclusivity agreement with his label. In 1976, <mask> signed with Ariola Records with Reencuentro being the first albums to released under the label a year later. 1980–1989: International stardom, Secretos and Mexico's top singer
<mask> released several successful albums including Amor Amor (1980), Romántico (1981), Gracias (1981), Mi Vida. The former album sold over 1.5 million copies in Latin America. He recorded the Spanish version of the hit "New York, New York", as a tribute to friend Frank Sinatra.In 1983, <mask> released Secretos, in which he collaborated with Manuel Alejandro for the album's compositions. "Lo Dudo" ("I Doubt It") and "El Amor Acaba" ("The Love is Over") were major hits from the album and Secretos became the bestselling recording in his career with four million copies sold. Secretos was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the Grammy Awards of 1985. Following the release of Secretos, <mask> continued the international success. He released Reflexiones in 1984. The album was written, produced and arranged by Rafael Pérez-Botija and sold over 2 million copies worldwide. Reflexiones  became the first album to reach number-one on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums in the United States upon its establishment in 1985 and was also nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the 1986 Grammy Awards.In 1985, <mask> collaborated performers such as Plácido Domingo, Julio Iglesias, Roberto Carlos, <mask> Rodríguez "El Puma", Pedro Vargas and Vicente Fernández for the charity single, "Cantaré, cantarás". He also performed a duet with Puerto Rican singer <mask> on the song "Por Ella" ("For Her") on Feliciano's album Ya Soy Tuyo (1985) which was also nominated in the same category on the 1986 Grammy Awards. The same year, <mask> starred in his autobiographic film Gavilán o Paloma, alongside Christian Bach and the comedian Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo. The following, he released the album Promesas, written, produced and arranged by Pérez-Botija. Its main hits were "Amantes", "Me vas a echar de menos", "Más", and "Tú me estás volviendo loco". One of the album's singles, "Pruébame", was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance at the 1987 Grammy Awards. Promesas became his second number-one album on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums.On his next album Siempre Contigo in 1986 he worked with the Spanish producer and guitarist Paco Cepero. The album produced three singles: "¿Y Quién Puede Ser? ", "Corre y Ve Con Él", and "Sin Saber". The former track became his first number-one song on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States. It was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the Grammy Awards of 1988 and became his third number-one album on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart. <mask> told magazine Selecciones that during 1985 to 1987, he had a personal crisis because "my life was going on airplanes, trucks, locked in a hotel room." His daughter was born in 1982 and that more or less balanced his marriage, but after a while he divorced his then wife.In the same year, he also finished his work relation with his manager, who also was his brother in law. During this events, and his on-going battle with alcoholism, <mask> recorded his album Soy Así; it became his fourth number-one album on the Latin Pop Albums chart. The album included four singles: the title track (became his second number-one song on the Hot Latin Songs chart), "Mi Hembra", "Salúdamela Mucho", and "Vergüenza Me Da Quererte". Soy Así was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the 1989 Grammy Awards. It was also nominated for Pop Album of the Year at the 1st Annual Lo Nuestro Awards in the same year while <mask> was awarded Pop Male Artist of the Year. <mask> played the role of the Mexican singer and composer Álvaro Carrillo in the movie Sabor A Mí, co-starring Angelica Aragón. In 1989, <mask> released ¿Qué Es El Amor?and included three singles: "Como Tú", "Piel de Azucar" and "Él". "Como Tú" spent ten weeks at number-one on the Hot Latin Songs chart and received a nomination for Pop Song of the Year at the 1990 Lo Nuestro Awards. 1990–1999: "Amnesia", 40 y 20, rehab and decline
In 1990, Raúl Velasco made a special TV show to celebrate <mask>'s 25th career anniversary. The show, broadcast by Televisa, lasted over five hours and featured special guests such as Armando Manzanero, Libertad Lamarque, Vicente Fernández and Marco Antonio Muñiz. Later that year, he released En las Buenas... y en las Malas with the lead single "Amnesia" reaching number-one on the Hot Latin Songs chart. Two years later, he released 40 y 20 in which the title track speaks about men who fall in love with women that are much younger than them and the reaction of the society to those situations. By the early 1990s, <mask>'s vocals began to deteriorate.It worsened over time and became evident in his live performances. His excessive drinking and unceasing activity of his career caused his voice to falter. In August 1993, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of <mask>'s career, BMG hosted a tribute in the city of Puerto Vallarta. It was called 30 Años de ser el Príncipe (30 years of being the Prince). The tribute included some of the most prestigious artists of Spanish music such as Rocío Dúrcal, Camilo Sesto, Armando Manzanero, Marco Antonio Muñiz and Raúl di Blasio. The tribute coincided with his recent divorce, a serious relapse into alcoholism and a significant loss of vocal abilities. He appeared to be in poor physical shape, too thin and lacking energy.Camilo Sesto even took a break in the middle of the presentation to speak words of encouragement. The album was not released until 1994. At that time, <mask> suffered the worst stage of alcoholism of his life. During 1993, he retired from the stage and went into rehab. Upon completion of his rehabilitation, he started seasons in places like the famous "Teatro Blanquita" of Mexico City, and the Gibson Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, among others. In 1994, <mask> reunited with Manuel Alejandro and released the album Grandeza Mexicana. The title track peaked at number 12 on the  Hot Latin Tracks.He recorded a duet with his son <mask> in the song "La Fuerza de la Sangre". In 1995, he played the lead role in the movie Perdóname Todo, a drama about an alcoholic has-been and how he tries to survive against himself and the music business. That same year, his album "Mujeriego" was released. It sold more than 180,000 copies in its first two weeks and reached number 12 on the Billboard Latin charts. The song "Llora Corazón" peaked at number 6 on the Hot Latin Songs and was nominated for Pop Song of the Year in the Lo Nuestro Awards. In 1996, he performed a duet with Paul Anka on "Déjame Conocerte (Let me Get to Know You)" from Anka's Latin album Amigos. In 1997, he performed at the Bally's Atlantic City.In September 1999, he joined fellow Mexican singers Armando Manzanero, Marco Antonio Muñiz and Argentine pianist Raúl di Blasio for a series of concerts dubbed "Noche Bohemia" (Bohemian Night) at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles. 2000–2012: Vocal problems, TV and Sony BMG concept albums
In 2001, with a deteriorating voice he recorded Tenampa. It was his first studio album with mariachi and the last one of his career. It was written and produced completely by Juan Gabriel. It received poor reviews and sold only about 500,000 units. After that, he retired from recording full-length albums. His vocal problems worsened, affecting not only his ability to sing, but also to speak.In 2003, BMG released a collection of three albums entitled El Principe Con Trio with some of his greatest hits recorded between 1969 and 1983, separated from the original accompaniment, remastered and accompanied by the guitar trio "Los Tres Caballeros", transforming them into boleros. In the mid-2000s, he played the role of Erasmo Padilla (the father of Leticia "Lety" Padilla) in La Fea Más Bella, a successful Mexican version of the Colombian production Betty la Fea (adapted in the US as Ugly Betty). In 2007, he won a TVyNovelas Award for best supporting actor for his work in La Fea Más Bella. In 2008, <mask> recorded an emotive song called "Volver a creer" ("Believe Again") with Greek composer Yanni. The song is included on the album Yanni Voices. Yanni stated that he wanted to "help a true legend to fulfill his dream, to sing again". <mask> was invited by Yanni to sing their song live on Yanni's tour in Mexico.He published his autobiography Esta es mi vida (This is My Life). In 2010, he released José José Ranchero, another concept album with

masks:
José Rómulo Sosa Ortiz
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José Rómulo
José Sosa
José
José
José
José
José
José José
José
José José
José José
José
José
José
José José
José José
José
José José
José Luis
José Feliciano
José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José
José
José
José
José José
José Joél
José
José José


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 some of his greatest hits, separated from the original accompaniment, remastered and accompanied with mariachi, giving his classics a traditional Mexican sound. The same year, <mask> launched his own perfume, called simply "<mask>", the profits from sales help women and children sick with HIV/AIDS. <mask> was planning a new, untitled album, adding that it would consist of nine unreleased tracks and a melody he used to sing in serenades "Que viva mi tristeza", from songwriter Armando Manzanero. It was never completed due to his vocal problems. In 2011, he went on the short Mexican tour "José José y sus amigos" (<mask> and friends), with singers Dulce, Carlos Cuevas, Celso Piña, and Chamin Correa. In 2012, as a celebration for his 50-year career, <mask> gave a concert at the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Miami,  his final live performance.Personal life

Alcoholism
<mask> said that he started drinking at the age of fifteen, when his father (an alcoholic) left home. As a result of his alcoholism, he developed a cocaine habit. He stated that his addiction was because he "was frail, weak, innocent, ignorant, weak-willed and did not know how to say no". In the early 1970s, after the success of "El Triste" and missing a collaboration with Frank Sinatra, he fell into depression and alcoholism, but with help of his friends and family he managed to stop drinking for a while. His ongoing battle against alcoholism continued during the 1970s and 1980s. He attended AA meetings and stopped drinking for periods of time, but fell steadily back into the addiction. After his divorce from Anel in 1991 he reached his lowest point, reportedly declaring that he wanted to die drinking.With the help of his friends, family and fellow artists, he decided to go to rehab. He went to the Hazelden clinic in Minnesota for rehab and remained a sober recovering alcoholic. Financial problems
In later years, <mask> made his financial problems public. Despite being one of the most recognized Latin artists for decades, his alcoholism caused him serious monetary loss. His career declined when he lost his vocal ability, stopping income from live performances. He claimed that during his career he was constantly defrauded by people close to him, including his former wife Anel and her brother. In November 2008, his wife suffered a cerebral haemorrhage, <mask> stated that the medical bills nearly caused him to go bankrupt.He told TV Notas magazine that he and his family lived "day to day" and in 2014, he sold his five-million-dollar house in Coral Gables, Florida, and moved to an apartment in Miami. Health issues

<mask> suffered from a severe case of pneumonia in 1972 and his thoracic diaphragm was paralyzed. The disease almost ended his career. He recovered after months of therapy involving breathing exercises. One of his lungs was permanently damaged. In 1987, he underwent an operation at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center to remove nodes in his vocal fold as a consequence of the excessive use of cortisone before singing, alcohol use, and the lack of rest after many of his performances. <mask> would suffer dire consequences from his problem with alcoholism, as his health faltered dearly during the 1990s.He developed diabetes. The effects of alcoholism, the abuse of cortisone, and his hiatus hernia not only affected his ability to sing but to talk, as well. In 2007, he suffered from Bell's palsy. As a result of all these problems, he fought a serious depression. He acknowledged this during an interview on the Univision program Don Francisco Presenta..., hosted by Don Francisco. He struggled with diabetic retinopathy in one of his eyes undergoing a successful operation. In 2012, he underwent surgery due to gastritis.In November 2013, he underwent an operation to remove cataracts from one of his eyes. Relationships, marriages and family
In 1970 he started a relationship with TV hostess, actress, and model Ana Elena Noreña, known in show business as Anel. That year they split and he married Natalia "Kiki" Herrera Calles, a socialite 20 years older. He separated from Herrera and returned to Anel shortly after. He divorced Herrera in 1975 and married Anel in 1976. They had two children: their first-born <mask> (known as <mask>) who was born in 1975, and their daughter Marysol Estrella, born in 1982. In 1991 he divorced Anel.Four years later, he married Sara "Sarita" Salazar, his third wife. The same year during a Latin American tour, his third child Sara was born. He lived in Miami, Florida, with his wife. Illness and death

In March 2017, <mask> announced he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. On 28 September 2019, although it was not entirely confirmed since an autopsy was not performed, <mask> presumably died of the disease at the Homestead hospital in Homestead, Florida at 12:17 p.m., at the age of 71. His death shocked Mexico and within several hours became a national trending topic. A large number of personalities, artists, athletes and politicians mourned his death in social media.President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador stated that "his voice moved a lot of people", highlighting his collaborations with composer Manuel Alejandro, also added that "the best homage is to keep remembering him and listening to his songs". On 4 October, a funeral for <mask> was held in Miami which was exclusively for family and friends and <mask> was finally cremated on 8 October. Also on 8 October, his death certificate was revealed and his ashes were divided; with a portion of his ashes staying in Miami, while the remainder of his ashes were flown back to Mexico. On 9 October, half of his ashes were flown back to Mexico City aboard a Mexican Air Force military plane early in the day. A black hearse picked up the gold plated casket bearing his ashes at the airport and drove to the city's downtown where admirers tossed flowers and waved to the passing vehicle as it made its way to the Palace of Fine Arts. A three-hour long tribute was held at the Fine Arts Palace planned  by the Mexican Culture Ministry with members of the National Symphony Orchestra played renditions of some of the icon's ballad songs including "El Triste". Artists from Mexico's the Opera Studio of Fine Arts and the Saloma Quartet also honored the singer's musical legacy during the ceremony.One of the surprises of the day was the visit of Emmanuel. Dulce and Lucia Mendez arrived together at the tribute, where they also stood guard for the coffin. Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo, was another of the people invited to say goodbye to the prince of the song. The ashes were then taken to the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe for a mass, after the family led a funeral procession through the singer's former neighborhood. The ashes were interred at the Panteón Francés de San Joaquín located in Mexico City. Artistry and image

<mask> grew up listening to traditional pop music, rock and roll, jazz, swing, and big band. He listened to performers such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Johnny Mathis and such popular Mexican composers as Consuelo Velázquez and María Grever.He was later inspired by vocalist Barbra Streisand, whom he considered an influence. The son of an operatic tenor and a pianist, he grew up listening to composers such as Chopin and Mozart, but never got the chance to play classical music. In his teens, <mask> learned to play music from top Mexican jazz players and is recognized for playing several instruments, such as the piano, bass, guitar and double bass. Because of his phrasing ability, he was once described as "a singer who sings as a musician". His musical preferences were classical musicians such as Ravel, Debussy and Musorgsky, jazz, and bossa nova. Vocals
According to his autobiography, Ésta es mi vida, vocal coach Guido Picco described <mask> as a light lyric tenor. <mask> worked for periods with coach Seth Riggs, who later highlighted his vocal abilities.Over time, his voice and vocal style changed noticeably, being his prime the early 1970s. Inheriting the singing qualities of his father, he was able to reach high and low notes easily with a practically flawless intonation. His live performance of "El Triste" in 1970 has been widely praised by many critics for its technique and intensity. His breathing technique allowed him to sustain long and clear notes. After recording the song "El Triste" for the 2010 album Iconos, singer Marc Anthony said, "once you start to sing it you realize the magnitude, of that spectacular voice and special phrasing of <mask> and his incredible way to perform". On the Latin VH1 show Las 100 grandiosas canciones de los 1980s en español (The 100 Greatest Spanish Songs of the 1980s), singer Diego Verdaguer said: "If today he could sing, he would be the greatest of Latin America." In a 2018 interview, singer Lupita D'Alessio stated "[<mask>] is an icon, the master, the creator of phrasing, he's got a way of phrasing that there will not be another, for me, he is the greatest singer ever, with the pardon of Luis Miguel".D'Alessio also highlighted his technique to breathe and sustain long notes. Legacy
The music of <mask> is widely known in the Hispanic community. Many artists have acknowledged <mask> as an influence, including Cristian Castro, Vicente Fernández, Alejandro Fernández, Nelson Ned, Pepe Aguilar, Kalimba, Erik Rubin, Manuel Mijares, Lupita D'Alessio, Diego Verdaguer, Reyli, Chayanne and Marc Anthony. In 1997, <mask> was inducted into Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame. He received the Billboard Latin Music Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013. In 2002, <mask> was awarded the Excellence Award at the 14th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards and was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame. In 2004, he received the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.A year later he received the Personalidad del Año (Person of the Year) by the Latin Recording Academy. In 2006, Televisa produced a TV homage to <mask> in Acapulco, where singers such as Manoella Torres, Francisco Céspedes, and Gualberto Castro performed several of his greatest hits live. In July 2008, Univision and the Latin Grammy recorded a special TV tribute in Miami to <mask>, called Latin Grammy Celebra: <mask> (Latin Grammy Celebrates: <mask>) at the BankUnited Center. Stars such as Marco Antonio Solís, Ana Bárbara, Alicia Villarreal, Olga Tañon, Luis Fonsi, David Bisbal, and Aventura performed some of his greatest hits live. Stars such as Plácido Domingo, Ricky Martin, Enrique Iglesias, Pepe Aguilar, Pedro Fernández, and RBD, showed their admiration with messages and greetings. Univision described <mask> as "One of the most beloved singers in Latin music." In 2007, a bronze statue was unveiled in his honor in the Azcapotzalco area in Mexico City, where he grew up.He was honored by the Las Vegas Walk of Stars with a celebrity star and a book signing at the Rio in Las Vegas on 20 November 2008. In February 2004, for his contribution to the recording industry, <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7036 Hollywood Blvd. He was posthumously given the Living Legend Award by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2019. Tributes
Latin rock and hip hop artists such as Molotov, Jumbo, Julieta Venegas, Beto Cuevas, and Aleks Syntek recorded a tribute album in 1998 called Volcán: Tributo a José José (Volcán: Tribute to <mask>). Each artist recorded one of <mask>'s classics such as "Lo Dudo", "El Triste", or "Volcán" in a distinctive fashion. It sold over 500,000 units. Fifteen years after its release, in November 2013, a follow-up to Volcán: Tributo a José José was released under the title Un Tributo 2, featuring performers such as Natalia Lafourcade, Moderatto, Los Claxons, Carla Morrison, and Panteón Rococó.On 30 November 2010, Mexican singer Cristian Castro released Viva el Principe (Long Live the Prince) which includes a virtual duet with <mask> on "Lo Pasado, Pasado" and a poem recited by him. In the poem, <mask> conveys that the singer cannot live if he cannot sing ("Ya no podrá vivir, si ya no canta"); an allusion to losing his singing voice. Rafael Pérez-Botija was involved in the production of the album. The success of Viva el Principe helped revive Castro's career. Castro released another tribute album to <mask> titled Mi Amigo El Príncipe (My friend the Prince). In 2009, Kalimba recorded an album, Amar y Querer: Homenaje A Las Grandes Canciones (Love and Desire: A Tribute to the Great Songs), which featured some of the most iconic Latin ballads, among them: "Amar y querer", "Desesperado", "Volcán", and "El Triste". On 25 October 2019, 100,000 people paid homage to <mask> during a rainstorm in the Zócalo of Mexico City.Filmography

Discography

References

External links

 <mask> on YouTube
 <mask> on Grammy Awards

1948 births
2019 deaths
Bossa nova musicians
Bossa nova singers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year honorees
Latin pop singers
Male actors from Mexico City
Male jazz musicians
Mexican jazz musicians
Mexican male film actors
Mexican people of Spanish descent
Musicians from Mexico City
Singers from Mexico City
20th-century Mexican male actors
20th-century Mexican male singers
21st-century Mexican male singers
Burials in Mexico
Mexican Roman

masks:
José
José José
José
José José
José
José
José
José
José José
José
José Francisco
José Joél
José José
José José
José
José
José
José
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José
José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José José


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<mask> is the City of Tampa’s administrator for development and economic opportunity. She previously served as the chief administrative officer of USF Health at the University of South Florida. She was formerly the  executive vice president at New York Law School , and before that,   the Commissioner of the New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications (DoITT) and New York City's chief information officer (CIO). She was the first woman to have held such an office of the City of New York. Background
<mask> is a native of Bradenton, Florida. She received a B.S. degree from the University of Florida and a J.D.degree from Seton Hall University School of Law. She is licensed to practice law in New York and Florida. Career

Early career
After graduating from the University of Florida, <mask> joined Plan Services, Inc. in Tampa, Florida—a division of Dun and Bradstreet. She rose to a national representative position and thereafter was appointed as an executive director. <mask> remained at Plan Services, Inc. for five years. <mask> left her corporate position to attend Seton Hall University Law School in Newark, New Jersey. Upon graduating, <mask> joined a private law firm in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, becoming the first female member of the firm.She worked in the municipal law department where she represented local municipal governments in Palm Beach County. In 1999, one of her clients, the City of Palm Beach Gardens, hired her as acting city manager,  overseeing all city operations. In this position  Post first started to deal with matters involving information technology, particularly the operational and technical issues related to the new millennium. She served in this capacity until mid-2000. New York City Government
Department of Buildings

In late 2001, Post joined the City of New York, initially as a deputy director in the enforcement division of the New York City Department of Buildings., and later serving as its executive director of strategic planning. Mayor Bloomberg's Office of Operations

In 2006, Post was appointed director of agency services in Mayor Michael Bloomberg's office of operations. Early in her tenure, she launched NYCStat, a website providing access to key municipal reports and statistics.Following the 2008 recession, she led the creation of the NYCStat Stimulus Tracker, which catalogued stimulus funding data to allow NYC agencies and residents to analyze citywide expenses, performance, and job creation metrics. She also led the upgrade of NYC's 311 call center and 311 online service, as well as the NYC.gov website. She also launched the Citywide Performance Reporting (CPR) system, a public dashboard of city agency performance and developed the Street Conditions Observation Unit (SCOUT), an initiative that directs city inspectors to survey every city street once per month.She also modernized the mayor's management report, the official public record of New York City agencies' annual performance. Department of Information Technology and Telecommunication (DoITT)

Post was appointed chief information officer of New York City and commissioner of the NYC department of information technology and telecommunication (DoITT) in 2009. She unveiled a "technology roadmap", and coordinated the adoption of the mayor's open data law, Following the passage of the law in March 2012, she managed the new data system. Post oversaw the design and rollout of the Citywide IT Infrastructure Services (CITIServ) program, a plan developed in March 2010 to consolidate IT systems of more than 40 agencies and 50 data centers across the city into one system. The program was projected to save the city up to $100 million in data management costs over five years.On March 3, 2011, the first modern data center planned under the CITIServ program opened in Brooklyn. She coordinated with the New York City Economic Development Corporation and private sector sponsors to host the NYC "Big Apps" competition, an annual competition  that challenges programmers and developers to use municipal data to build technology products to solve specific city problems. She led negotiations for citywide licensing agreements with software vendors to consolidate dozens of contracts; this was projected to save the city up to $68 million over five years. Post managed DoITT participation in a public-private partnership with Microsoft and SelfHelp Community Services to create the “virtual senior center,” which provides home-bound senior citizens in NYC with better access to community services

In late 2011, she launched a citywide program to reduce the "broadband gap" through  arrangements with cable franchisees. This enabled deployment of free wireless internet in 30 public parks, upgrades to internet service in community centers and libraries, and  installation of expanded fiber cable into commercial and industrial areas of the city. She coordinated a DoITT partnership with the New York City Department of Youth and Community Development and Time Warner Cable to create a learning lab at Harlem's James Weldon Johnson Community Center. The lab, which opened in April 2012, provides free high-speed internet, upgraded computer technology, and e-learning programs for adults and children.Post was named a “Top 50 Government CIO” by Information Week: Government magazine in March 2011. She was also named “2011 New York State Public Sector CIO of the Year” at the 2011 New York State CIO Academy on April 6, 2011. Post resigned from DoITT to serve as executive vice president and chief strategy officer at New York Law School in April 2012. New York Law School
Post joined New York Law School as executive vice president and chief strategy officer on April 12, 2012. Soon after joining NYLS, she worked with Dean Anthony Crowell and NYLS faculty on the creation of a new long-term Strategic Plan for the institution. I

University of South Florida
In October 2016, Post joined the University of South Florida as the deputy chief operating officer for USF Health. References

External links
Now That Open Data Is Law in New York, Meet <mask>, the Enforcer.Capital New York. March 21, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012. New York City's IT Roadmap. CIO Insight. July 16, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2012.<mask> Interviewed at Strata Summit 2011. September 20, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2012. Living people
People from Bradenton, Florida
21st-century women
Chief information officers
American chief operating officers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Carole Post
Carole Post
Post
Post
Post
Post
Carole Post
Carole Post


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<mask>, better known as Bombardier <mask> (31 August 1889 – 12 June 1967), was an English heavyweight boxer. Fighting under the name "Bombardier <mask>", he was British and British Empire Champion from 1911 until 1919, defending his title fourteen times. In 1911 he became the first Heavyweight to win the Lonsdale Belt, which had been introduced for British champions at all weights in 1909. <mask>, who was  and was between , fought with an orthodox style. Early life
<mask> was born at 250 Cable Street, Stepney, in the East End of London. He was the eldest of five brothers and was one of nine children. His parents were <mask>, a musician, and Emily Rhoda Farrier, a laundress.He attended Broad Street elementary school, Queensbury until about the age of twelve, then becoming a messenger boy. He began to box as an amateur during this period. In 1906, <mask> joined the Royal Artillery as a gunner. He was posted to Rawalpindi where he boxed in divisional and all-India championships, with great success. He was promoted to a bombardier, and began training full-time with the help of a civilian coach. It became apparent that <mask> was good enough to make a living from boxing, so in 1910, he bought himself out of the army and returned to Britain. This was at a time when boxing was becoming very popular as a spectator sport, in Britain and elsewhere.Professional career
<mask> had his first professional fight on 8 June 1910, against Gunner Joe Mills, winning on points over six rounds. In his first eight fights he recorded seven wins and one defeat. In his next fight he fought for the British Heavyweight Title, at the National Sporting Club, Covent Garden, London. The fight was in April 1911 against Iron (William) Hague, the holder, and <mask> won by a knockout in the sixth round of twenty. <mask> was matched to fight the current world heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson, in London in October 1911, but religious opponents of excessive prize money, led by Baptist minister Frederick Brotherton Meyer, and opponents of contests between the races, caused the fight to be cancelled by Winston Churchill, who was then Home Secretary. A colour bar remained in British boxing until 1947. In December 1911, <mask> fought Fred Storbeck at Covent Garden for the British Empire Heavyweight Title, scoring a knockout in the eleventh round to gain his second title in one year.In June 1913, <mask> fought the extremely talented Frenchman Georges Carpentier for the European Heavyweight Title. The bout was held in Ghent, Belgium, and <mask> lost by a knockout in the fourth round. <mask> defended his British heavyweight title three times in 1913, and then in December of the same year, he had a rematch with Carpentier for his European title. The bout was held at Covent garden, but again Carpentier won, this time by a knockout in the first round. <mask> continued to box and successfully defend his British heavyweight title, even after the start of World War I. In May 1915, <mask> joined up for military service (in the Welch Regiment) and was later made a sergeant. He continued to box until the end of 1916, and in 1917 was sent to France to organize physical training amongst the troops.After the end of the war, <mask> resumed his boxing career. His fourteenth defence of his British heavyweight title, and of his British Empire title was against Joe Beckett, a boxer whom he had beaten on points two months previously. The bout was held in February 1919, in Holborn, London, and Beckett won by a knockout in the fifth round to take <mask>' titles. <mask> then had five more bouts, winning them all, before having a rematch against Beckett in May 1920. The bout was held at Olympia, Kensington, but again <mask> was knocked out, this time in the third round. <mask> continued to fight, having eight more bouts, winning five and losing three. His last fight was in April 1925.<mask> was the third person to fill the role of the "gongman" - the figure seen striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films. Private life
In 1911, he published a book, Modern Boxing: a Practical Guide to Present Day Methods. On 7 September 1912, <mask> married Ellen Kilroy, the daughter of a publican. They had five children before eventually parting. Ellaine Beryl <mask>, William Thomas <mask>, Audrey Ellen <mask>, Cynthia Diane <mask>. In 1923, he published the book, Physical energy: Showing how physical and mental energy may be developed by means of the practice of boxing, Publisher: T.W. Laurie.The Lonsdale Belt that <mask> won was the original heavyweight belt and was crafted from 22 carat gold unlike later belts. The belt was kept at the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, South East London, but is now at Larkhill, Salisbury following the move of the home of the Royal Artillery. He lived in Ealing, London and died there on 11 June 1967, aged 77. His ashes were laid to rest in the crypt of St. Mary's parish church in Hanwell, west London.

masks:
William Thomas Wells
Billy Wells
Billy Wells
Wells
Wells
William Thomas Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells


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<mask> (August 8, 1993 – December 25, 2011) was an American Internet personality from Austin, Texas, known for his vlogs on YouTube. On the night of December 25, 2011, he died from complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at the age of 18. Life and career
<mask> grew up in Austin, Texas, where he was a senior at Westlake High School. <mask> lived with his parents along with his older sister Ally and younger brother Jake. In 2010, he began making video blogs on YouTube, in which he dealt out relationship advice to his peers. Breedlove created the OurAdvice4You channel on YouTube in November 2010 with friends, Justin Miller and Megan Parken. On May 23, 2011, he launched his second channel, BreedloveTV, where he would answer questions about dating, relationships and advice.At an early age, Breedlove had been diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). "This Is My Story" viral video
On December 18, 2011, Breedlove released a two-part video on YouTube, titled "This is my story." Breedlove opens up about his heart condition as well as the impact it had on his life, using note cards. He also mentioned three near-death experiences. On May 5, 2009, Breedlove underwent surgery to insert a pacemaker. The pacemaker helped regulate his heart rhythm. In the video he shows a red scar on his chest, where the pacemaker had been inserted.Death
Breedlove died due to cardiac arrest on the evening of Christmas Day 2011. Aftermath

Media coverage and memorials
News of his death made world coverage on December 27, two days after his death, his story first appearing on Australia's Ninemsn before coverage spread out through the world on other major media outlets, including the Los Angeles Times, ABC, CBS News, MSNBC, Fox News, MTV, The Independent, Herald Sun, The Washington Post, People Magazine, and The Wall Street Journal. On December 29, Breedlove's funeral was held at the Gateway Church, in Austin, Texas. More than 1,400 people attended the service, and another 11,000 watched online. He was interred at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery in Austin, Travis County, Texas, USA. A day after Breedlove's death, Kid Cudi said in reaction, "This has really touched my heart in a way I can't describe, this is why I do what I do." Cudi later dedicated his third studio album Indicud (2013), to Breedlove and all his fans that have died; the dedication can be found in the album's liner notes.HCMA and the HEARTS Act
On January 5, 2012, the HCMA announced that they mourn the death of Breedlove and are encouraging their members to "tell their stories the same way as <mask>." Lisa Salberg, founder and CEO of HCMA, along with New Jersey Congressman Frank Pallone Jr. had worked together in drafting the Cardiomyopathy Health Education, Awareness, Risk Assessment, and Training in the Schools (HEARTs) act. The Bill was introduced in January 2012 to Congress. The Westlake High School Student Council and Friday Night Fan Stand collected donations for the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association during the Ben Breedlove Memorial Football Game which took place at the Westlake football stadium on September 21, 2012. Fans wore white as a show of support and a moment of silence was observed. Funds collected were used for educational efforts relating to the disease that claimed Breedlove's life. Africa New Life Ministries
On December 27, 2011, the Ben Breedlove Memorial Fund was created at Africa New Life Ministries.2013 Tournament of Roses Parade
On January 1, 2013, <mask> was honored in a florograph on the Donate Life float, titled "Journeys of the Heart". Family members and friends contributed to the florograph which was then placed on the float. When Will The Heaven Begin? On October 29, 2013, the book, When Will The Heaven Begin? was released by Penguin Publishers. The book was listed on The New York Times Best Seller List beginning the first week of the release date. The memoir of <mask>'s life is written by his sister <mask> with Ken Abraham.The title of the book is taken from the lyric of the song "Mr. Rager", written and performed by Kid Cudi. <mask> stated that during his second cardiac arrest, he had a vision of being in a peaceful, white room, in which his favorite rapper Kid Cudi, appeared alongside him as the lyrics to the song "Mr. Rager", began playing. To Heaven and Back CNN television special
On December 1, 2013, CNN aired an Anderson Cooper special highlighting the near-death stories of Dr. Mary Neal, Anita Moorjani and <mask>. Additional publications
Breedlove's life story has been chronicled in several other publications, including "Imagine Heaven:  Near Death Experiences, God's Promises and the Exhilarating Future that Awaits You" by John Burke, "Soul Models:  Transformative Stories of Courage and Compassion That Will Change Your Life" by Elizabeth Bryan and Angela Daffron  and "Echoes of a Life Well Lived" by Richard M. O'Bryan. In Music
Breedlove's story has been honored in several musical pieces, including Kid Cudi's dedication of his album, "INDICUD". The Chicago group, Empire, includes their song, "Journey Kid" on their most recent album titled "Orphan". Journey Kid can also be viewed on YouTube.Australian composer Phillip Wilcher composed a 4-string quartet piece titled "Remembered upon Waking", performed by the Linden Quartet. David LaCroix wrote and dedicated his piece, "In A Little While" to Breedlove and all the people that have "gone on to a better place than here". Gabriel Art Installation
Breedlove's legacy continues in the form of art installations and community arts programs. "Gabriel", a rugged angel wing sculpture made of fossilized bluestone by artist Bobby Jacobs, was installed in the Healing Garden at Dell Children's Medical Center. "Gabriel" symbolizes the strength and comfort of angels in times of need. It is a reminder to "see" the unseen – God's ministering spirits at work in this world. Second Lady Karen Pence visiting Gabriel with Breedlove's mother in 2017

The Spread Your Wings Community Arts Program
The "Spread Your Wings" Community Arts Program took flight at Dell Children's Medical Center's 2017 "Art of Giving" event when the art piece, "Spread Your Wings", broke fundraising records for Dell Children's.The piece is a painted set of angel wings on canvas that was created by artist Elizabeth-Bryan Jacobs. She says the piece was inspired by Breedlove's YouTube video because he told of being visited and comforted by angels during his lifetime. Breedlove had also been a frequent patient at Dell Children's Medical Center. This piece hangs in the newly created Texas Center for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease. The "Spread your Wings' piece is the inspiration for the "Spread Your Wings" community arts program which will add angel wing art installations to hospitals and other community centers across the nation. The first official "Spread Your Wings" installation took place on October 1, 2018, at the Las Vegas Community Healing Garden, which honors the 58 victims of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting. "Love and Courage" is a gorgeous 6' tall sculpture and is engraved with the initials of the 58 victims.References

External links
 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association
 OurAdvice4You at YouTube.com
 BreedloveTV at YouTube.com
 TotalRandomness512 at YouTube.com
 Ben Breedlove Memorial Service Video

1993 births
2011 deaths
People from Austin, Texas
Westlake High School (Texas) alumni
American YouTubers
Male YouTubers

masks:
Benjamin Daniel Breedlove
Ben Breedlove
Ben
Ben
Ben Breedlove
Ben
Ally Breedlove
Ben
Benjamin Breedlove


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<mask>, or <mask>  Masood (; c.594-c.653), was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who he is regarded the greatest mufassir of Qur'an of his time and the second ever. He was also known by the kunya Abu Abdur Rahman. <mask>'ud was born in Mecca in about 594 a son of <mask> and Umm Abd bint Abdwadd, both of whom were from the Hudhayl tribe, believed to be slaves, or otherwise of low social status. However, Umm Abd's mother, Hind bint Al-Harith, was from the Zuhra clan of the Quraysh, and Masud made an alliance with her brother. <mask> had a brother, Utba, and at least two wives in Muhammad's lifetime. One was Rayta bint <mask>, a craftswoman who supported <mask> and their child through her handcrafts. The other was Zaynab bint <mask> from the Thaqif tribe with whom he had several daughters.He specified in his will that none of his daughters should be married off without their own knowledge. He also had a son named AbdurRahman. He is described as a thin, short man with very dark skin, and smooth hair reaching to his shoulders. <mask> wore white clothes, and could be recognized in the dark by his distinctive, high-quality perfume. He was reported to be sociable and willing to speak out to put people at ease. In his character and goals, he was said to be the person "most like Muhammad". Conversion to Islam
Ibn Masʿūd was an early follower of Islam, having converted before 616.He appears nineteenth on Ibn Ishaq's list of people who were converted by Abu Bakr. As a youth, he worked as a shepherd for Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt. He first met Muhammad and Abu Bakr while watching his flocks when they were "fleeing from the idolators". They asked him for milk, but <mask> said he could not steal from his employer. According to Masʿūd, Muhammad then asked for an unmated ewe and stroked its udder, whereupon milk poured out. <mask> immediately asked to be taught "some of these words", and Muhammad began to teach him the Qur'an. <mask> later said that he learned 70 suras from Muhammad.Later his mother and brother also converted to Islam. Around 614 the Quraysh began a campaign to suppress Islam through the oppression of Muslims of lower social status. <mask>, as a foreigner whose allies had withdrawn their protection, was vulnerable to this persecution. Abu Jahl—one of the high-status leaders among the Quraysh—once "clawed at him and punched him". The Muslims remarked one day that the Quraysh had never heard the Qur'an being recited clearly, and that someone needed to make them listen to it. <mask> volunteered. His friends reminded him that he had no protector and therefore the crowds might attack him, but <mask> replied, "Allah will protect me."He stood in front of the Kaaba and began to recite Surah Ar-Rahman from the Qur'an. When the Quraysh realized that he was reciting Muhammad's teaching, they began to hit his face, but he continued to recite. He returned to the Muslims with the bruises on his face, saying, "I have never despised Allah's enemies more than I do now, and if you like I will go and do the same thing tomorrow." The Muslims told him that he had already done enough, "for you have made them listen to what they don't want to hear". <mask> and his brother Utba were among those who emigrated to Abyssinia in 616. <mask> returned to Mecca in 619 with Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf. Emigration to Medina
When the Muslims emigrated to Medina in 622, <mask> lodged with Muadh <mask> or Saad ibn Khaythama.One tradition states that Muhammad made a pact of brotherhood between <mask> and Muadh ibn Jabal; but according to another, <mask>'s brother in Islam was Al-Zubayar ibn Al-Awwam. When land in Medina was allocated to the immigrants, the Zuhra clan was given an area behind the mosque, which included plots for <mask> and his brother Utba. Relationship with Muhammad
Outsiders perceived <mask> and his mother as members of Muhammad's household. He worked as a personal servant, taking care of Muhammad's bedding, toothbrush, sandals and traveling hygiene. "He used to screen him when he bathed and wake him when he slept and walk with him in a wild land." He was said to be the "keeper of secrets". Muhammad once told him to climb a tree and bring him a twig.The companions laughed at how thin <mask>'s legs were. Muhammad said: "Why are you laughing? <mask>'s foot will be heavier than Mount Uhud in the scales on the Day of Resurrection." Muhammad recognized <mask> as one of the four foremost experts on the Qur'an. He once asked him to recite; when <mask> protested, "Should I recite it to you when you are the one to whom it was sent down and revealed?" Muhammad replied, "I love to hear it from someone else." <mask> then recited it until Muhammad wept.Military career
<mask> fought at the Battle of Badr. After the battle, Muhammad ordered the warriors to search among the corpses for his enemy Abu Jahl, who could be recognised by a distinctive scar on his knee. <mask> found Abu Jahl "at his last gasp" with his leg cut off. He seized his beard and asked, "Are you Abu Jahl?" Abu Jahl replied, "Can there be a man superior to the one you have killed or one whom his own folk has  killed?" <mask> then placed his foot on Abu Jahl's neck, and asked, "Allah's enemy, has Allah put you to shame?" Abu Jahl replied, "How has he shamed me?Am I anything more than a man whom you have killed? Tell me how the battle went." <mask> told him that the Muslims had won. Abu Jahl responded, "You have climbed high, you little shepherd!" Then <mask> struck off his head. He brought it to Muhammad, proclaiming, "This is the head of Allah's enemy Abu Jahl!". <mask> also fought at the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of the Trench and "all the battles," including Tabuk.Twenty years later, he said he wished he had died at Tabuk. Caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar
After the death of Muhammad, <mask> ibn Masud became the eighth-most prominent transmitter of hadith with a total of 848 narrations. Umar called him "a box full of knowledge". The following traditions are among those attributed to him. I asked Allah's Messenger which deed was the best. He replied: "Prayer at its appointed hour." I said: "Then what?"He replied: "Kindness to the parents." I said: "Then what?" He replied: "Jihad in the cause of Allah." And I would not have ceased asking more questions but out of regard. A man said: "Allah's Messenger, which offense is the most grievous in Allah's eye?" He replied: "That you associate a partner with Allah, who created you." He said: "What next?"He replied: "That you kill your child out of fear that he would join you in food." He said: "What next?" He replied: "That you commit adultery with your neighbor's wife." And the Almighty and Exalted Lord testified it: All those who call not unto another god along with Allah, and slay not any soul which Allah has forbidden, except in the cause of justice, nor commit fornication, and he who does this shall meet a requital of sin. [ Qur'an 25:68]

We were along with Allah's Messenger at Mina, that moon was split up into two. One of its parts was behind the mountain and the other one was on this side of the mountain. Allah's Messenger said to us: "Bear witness to this."Umar allotted <mask> a pension of 6,000 dirhams, and he was said to be very generous with his money. His mother was also granted a pension of 1,000 dirhams. Around 642 Umar appointed him as a preacher, treasurer and magistrate (qāḍī) in Kufa, saying: "I have preferred you with him over myself, so take him." The Caliphate of Uthman

Conflict with the Government
<mask>, in his capacity as treasurer, lent a sum of money to Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, the Governor of Kufa, and when he was unable to repay it, they quarreled. Their quarrel spread to their individual supporters until they became two "wrangling factions" in the city. Uthman became angry with both of them; in 646 he recalled Saad, extracted the money from him, and replaced him with al-Walid ibn Uqba. He thought of replacing <mask> too, but in the end he decided against it.By 650, <mask> had quarreled with al-Walid. A petition was brought to <mask> to investigate rumors that Al-Walid was drinking alcohol; <mask> responded that it was not his business to spy on another man's privacy. Al-Walid felt that this statement was tantamount to a suspicion of his guilt. He accused <mask> of not defending his reputation, and they insulted one another verbally. Al-Walid also tried to misappropriate state finances, but <mask> refused to comply with his demands. When Uthman instructed <mask> to obey al-Walid in everything, <mask> resigned his post. However, he remained in Kufa and continued to criticise the Governor.Another long-serving Muslim, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, was also living in Kufa. He lived in the desert of Al-Rabadha. Sometime later, <mask> <mask> went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. As he passed through Al-Rabadha, his camels almost trod upon a funeral bier. A slave told him that it was the funeral of his master Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, who had died alone. <mask> burst into tears, exclaiming: "The apostle was right! You walked alone, you died alone and you will be raised alone!"Then he alighted from his camels and helped to bury his old friend. Uthman's Compilation of Qur'an

Uthman produced a standardized version of the Qur'an in 652. He sent a copy to each province, and ordered that all other Quranic materials "whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies," must be burned. It is said that Ibn Mas’ud was displeased by the finished product; in particular:
 That he accused Uthman's scribes of adding three extra suras (1, 113 and 114) that had never been part of the original, and of making many other small changes to the text. That he preached a sermon in Kufa in which he called Uthman's standardized Quran a "deceit". "And whoever deceives like this will bring his deceit on the Day of Resurrection … I like it better to read according to the recitation of him whom I love than that of Zayd <mask>habit … If I knew anyone to be more conversant with Allah's Book than I am, I would surely go to him if camels could carry me there." When Uthman's agents came to Kufa to burn all the variants, <mask> hid his copy from them.He justified his own version of the recitation by reminding people: "I recited before Allah's Messenger more than seventy suras of the Qur'an. His Companions know that I have a better understanding of Allah's Book than they do; and if I were to know that someone had a better understanding than I have, I would have gone to him." It was said that nobody could find fault with <mask>'s version. When Uthman was called to account for his mismanagement as Caliph, one of the grievances against him was that he had destroyed variant readings of the Qur'an. Much later, <mask> Masud's variant readings were discussed on equal terms with the Uthmanic text by al-Farra (d. 207/822). However, the vast majority of Muslim scholars never accepted these reports due to their weakness, as well as many strong reports indicating the exact opposite to be true. The Qur'an says in 15:87 "We have given thee seven of the oft-repeated (verses) and the great Qur'an."The seven often-repeated verses refer to al-Fatihah, the first sura of the Qur'an, which <mask> <mask> is alleged to have denied. However, quoting Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Ibn adh-Dhurays, Ibn al-Munzar and Ibn Mardwiyah, as-Suyuti narrated the following:
It is narrated from <mask> Masud, regarding the word of Allah, "We have given you the seven oft-repeated verses;" he said, "[It is] Fatihatu al-Kitab." In another narration, <mask> <mask> was asked why he did not write al-Fatihah in his mushaf. He replied, "If I were to write it, I would write it before every sura." Abu Bakr al-Anbari explains this saying every raka’a (in prayers) starts with al-Fatiha and then another sura is recited. It is as if Ibn Masud said, "I have dropped it for the sake of brevity and I have trusted its preservation by Muslims (collectively)." There are also narrations from <mask> where he explicitly refers to suras 113 and 114 as surahs, for example: "Excessively recite two surahs.Allah will make you reach higher ranks in the Hereafter because of them. They are al-Mu'awwidhatayn (i.e. al-Falaq and an-Nas/nos. 113 & 114)…"

Four qira'at of the Qur'an (Qira'at of Hamzah, 'Aasim, Khalaf, Al-Kisa'i) have chains of transmission (isnad) going through <mask> Masud, and they all include the above three suras. These are mutawatir chains and thus Islamic scholars give precedence to them, disregarding much weaker chains that go against it as inauthentic. For these reasons, Islamic scholars rejected the notion of <mask> Masud rejecting suras. An-Nawawi says: "The Muslims have all agreed that al-Mu'awwidhatayn and al-Fatihah are part of the Qur'an and whoever denies this becomes a disbeliever and whatever is quoted from Ibn Masud in this regard is not true."Ibn Hazm also rejected the notion of Ibn Masud denying these suras, along with the vast majority of Islamic scholars. Conflict with Uthman
Uthman eventually recalled <mask> to Medina. He walked into the mosque, where Uthman was speaking, but the Caliph broke off his speech to insult <mask>. Aisha then interrupted with protests against this manner of speech "to a companion of Allah's Messenger". Uthman forbade <mask> ever to leave Medina again and ordered him out of the mosque. His servants removed <mask> so violently that they broke two of his ribs and, amid loud protests from Aisha, he had to be carried home. Uthman did not pay <mask>'s pension for the rest of his life.Reading of the Qur'an in Kufa

Ibn Masʿūd read one of the most well documented "companion" readings of the Qur'an, which he taught in Kufa. The non-canonical Kufan reciter Sulaiman al-Aʽmash (d. 147 / 765), who continued the Ibn Masʿūd tradition in parts of his own reading, narrated that "I came to Kufa and the qirāʾa of Zayd was not amongst them, except as the reading ofʿAbd Allāh is amongst you today: no one recited it save one or two men". Ramon Harvey asserts that Ibn Masʿūd's reading continued in use and was even taught as the dominant reading in Kufa for at least a century after his death and has shown that some of his distinctive readings continued to play a role in Hanafi fiqh. Ibn Masʿūd's reading played a greater or lesser role in each of the canonical Kufan readings. Professor Shady Nasser notes that the isnad of ʿĀṣim back to the Prophet passes through two main branches. One of these goes through Ibn Masʿūd via Zirr b. Hubaysh. The influence of Ibn Masʿūd is greater in the canonical readings of Hamza and his student Al-Kisa'i.Hamza learned his reading primarily from his fellow Kufans Ibn Abī Laylā, and Al-A'mash, insofar as the latter's was compatible with the Uthmanic rasm. Al-A'mash derived much of his reading from that of Ibn Masʿūd. From numerous sources Arthur Jeffery compiled the hundreds of differences in the reading of Ibn Mas'ud (as well as other companions) compared to the textus receptus, namely the Cairo edition, which is based on the reading of Hafs from 'Asim. Many of these differences were reported by Al-A'mash and appear in Ibn Abi Dawud's Kitab al Masahif. Data is also available showing the extent to which Ibn Masʿūd's reading occurs in the Kufan canonical readings in terms of distinctive dotting of consonants. Codex Mashhad is an early Qur'an manuscript which has been identified as originally using the surah order reported by early sources from the codex of Ibn Masʿūd, though with a standard Uthmanic rasm text. Its surahs were subsequently re-ordered to the standard sequence, but enough evidence remained for the original to be reconstructed.Death
<mask> ibn <mask> died in Medina in 653 and was buried by the night at Al-Baqi'. It is disputed whether it was Ammar <mask> or Caliph Uthman who led his funeral prayers. He left a fortune of 90,000 dirhams. Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awam petitioned the Caliph to give <mask>'s pension to his heirs "because they need it more than the treasury does." Uthman granted this request, although the exact value of the pension is disputed. References

Bibliography

594 births
653 deaths
7th-century Arabic writers
People from Mecca
Sahabah who participated in the battle of Uhud
Sahabah hadith narrators
Burials at Jannat al-Baqī

masks:
Abdullah ibn Masd
Abdullah ibn
Abdullah ibn Mas
Masud ibn Ghal
Abdullah
Abdullah
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ibn Jl
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Masud
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ibn T
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Abdullah ibn
Masud
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Abdullah ibn
Masud
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Abdullah ibn
Abdullah ibn
Abdullah
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ibn Yasir
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<mask> (born 1 September 1964) is a South African broadcast journalist and television producer investigative journalist. She was born in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and has origins from Calabria, Italy. <mask> is the Africa correspondent for the American news program The CBS Evening News. She has been with CBS since 2013, following her departure from the long running investigative and current affairs show, 3rd Degree with <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), where her Italian father  had emigrated as a railway employee. Her father was from Rome, Italy and she lived there for a while when she was young. Her Italian family is originally from Praia a Mare in Calabria.She considers Italy her second home and travels there regularly. She moved to South Africa with her mother, a nurse and devout Catholic, and her sister in 1976 after her parents divorced. She attended Rustenburg School for Girls in the Rondebosch suburb of Cape Town, where she matriculated in 1981. Patta studied at the University of Cape Town where she obtained a Bachelor of Social Sciences in 1984. She briefly taught aerobics while at college. Career
After graduating from college, Patta worked as a political activist teaching literacy in Cape Town's squatter camps until 1990, when she started working as a freelance reporter for the BBC. Radio
Patta joined Radio 702 in Johannesburg as a reporter in 1990 and worked her way up to news editor in 1994 and special assignments editor in 1997.The first news story she worked on that was aired on Radio 702 was about the return of ANC leader Oliver Tambo from exile in December 1990. In 1997 and 1998, while working as news and special assignments editor for Radio 702 and its sister station Cape Talk, she investigated and reported on the 1986 plane crash in which Mozambican President Samora Machel was killed. She received several threatening phone calls during the investigation. In June 1998 she participated in a post-apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission special hearing, providing expert opinion and assisting with questioning regarding the 1987 Helderberg plane crash and the Machel plane crash. She was later interviewed for a 2008 Mayday (Air Crash Investigation or Air Emergency) documentary on the Helderberg plane crash. In October 2013, <mask> returned to Radio 702 as a stand-in talk radio host. Television
Patta has worked for e.tv, the first privately owned free-to-air television station in South Africa, since its inception in 1998.She started as a senior correspondent in Johannesburg and was subsequently appointed chief anchor of e.tv news. From 2000 to 2013 she was the executive producer and anchor of the weekly current affairs television programme 3rd Degree, a show conceptualized by her which focused on hard-hitting interviews. The final episode of 3rd Degree aired on 14 May 2013. She has reported on major international stories such as the September 11 attacks and the death of Princess Diana and has interviewed many notable individuals including Shimon Peres, Oprah Winfrey, Nelson Mandela, Thabo Mbeki, Jacob Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa, Julius Malema, Eugène Terre'Blanche and Robert McBride. She was appointed editor-in-chief of e.tv news in 2005. In 2009 she resigned her position as editor-in-chief, "to follow her passion for journalism" and focus on 3rd Degree. She played a key role in the launch of South Africa's first 24-hour news channel eNews Channel Africa (eNCA) by e.tv in 2008.In 2012 a puppet version of Patta voiced by Nikki Jackman was cast as co-host of the satirical television news programme ZANEWS. On 7 May 2013, e.tv and eNCA announced that <mask> <mask> had resigned "to pursue other interests as a freelancer for international news companies". Following her departure from e.tv, she began working as a foreign correspondent for CBS News. Reporting style
Patta has been described as "direct", "to the point", "unafraid" and "being a voice for the voiceless":

Her hard-hitting journalism exposing racism in South Africa has angered conservative whites. Black members of the public have also accused her of being racist, e.g. after exposing corrupt black doctors who sold medical certificates and after interviewing "bling queen" Khanyi Mbau, and Jewish members of the public have accused her of being anti-Semitic after airing the controversial 2002 documentary Palestine Is Still the Issue. She has also been criticized as not being qualified to talk about black culture by former ANC Youth League president Julius Malema during an interview with him and by black viewers offended by a 3rd Degree show on black hair weaves.AWB leader Eugène Terre'Blanche walked out of an interview with Patta after his release from prison in 2004. A complaint lodged against e.tv about the interview was dismissed by the Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa. In 2010 <mask> publicly apologized on television to Chrisna de Kock, a Freedom Front Plus youth leader at the University of the Free State, after accusing her of being a racist in an interview on 3rd Degree. An e.tv spokesperson conceded that "the manner in which the allegation was put across was unfortunate" and the racism comment was subsequently retracted. Patta has responded to criticism of her reporting with statements such as "that means I am doing my job well" and "we are doing this because we have a true democracy". Personal life
In April 1995 Patta married Mweli Mzizi. The interracial couple had encountered hostility for a year, so she was surprised by the positive response of listeners to her announcement.They were married in January 1996 and the wedding was attended by hundreds of guests including Nelson Mandela. After the wedding the Department of Home Affairs notified Mzizi that the marriage was invalid because he did not fill out a form requiring black men to say that they were not already married. Newsweek reported that few South Africans were aware of this requirement and  "many of the country's marriages are probably illegal in the eyes of the bureaucracy". In 2000 <mask> and Mzizi unsuccessfully attempted to enter a whites-only picnic resort in the Free State together, filming the incident on a hidden camera for a 3rd Degree show on racism following which Patta received hate mail. Patta was voted one of the FHM 50 Most Eligible Women in the World by South African FHM readers in 2003. In June 2003 she married Lance Levitas. She has two daughters.Her elder daughter, Chiara Mzizi, has worked as a presenter for YoTV, a youth entertainment show broadcast by SABC 1, and was a student at the University of Cape Town. As of 2019, Patta lived in Johannesburg with her youngest daughter, Ella, and her partner, Andrew Levy. Awards
Patta has won several awards:

 1992 South African Checkers Journalist of the Year
 2004 Vodacom Journalist of the Year Gauteng Region
 2004 MTN 10 Most Remarkable Women in Media
 2007 Simonsvlei Journalist Achiever of the Year
 2009 Vodacom Women in the Media
 2010 CEO Magazine South Africa's Most Influential Women in Business and Government
 2010 She received a Tricolor Globe Award from the Italian Women in the World association which recognizes outstanding achievers of Italian origin abroad. 2015 She was part of the CBS News team nominated to receive an Emmy Award for their coverage of the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. Publications
 Baby Micaela : the inside story of South Africa's most famous abduction case. Co-authored by Anne Maggs and <mask> <mask>. Sandton: Zebra Press, 1996. .
 One step behind Mandela : the story of Rory Steyn, Nelson Mandela's chief bodyguard.Co-authored by Rory Steyn and <mask> <mask>. Rivonia: Zebra Press, 2000. References

External links

Living people
South African television journalists
South African television presenters
University of Cape Town alumni
Alumni of Rustenburg School for Girls
Italian South African
White South African people
People of Calabrian descent
South African people of Italian descent
Year of birth uncertain
Place of birth missing (living people)
Women television journalists
South African radio personalities
1964 births
CBS News people
South African women journalists
South African women television presenters

masks:
Debora Patta
Patta
Debora Patta
Patta
Patta
Debora
Patta
Patta
Patta
Debora
Patta
Debora
Patta