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<mask>  (3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014) was a Jamaican-born British Marxist sociologist, cultural theorist, and political activist. <mask>, along with Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, was one of the founding figures of the school of thought that is now known as British Cultural Studies or the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies. In the 1950s <mask> was a founder of the influential New Left Review. At Hoggart's invitation, he joined the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at Birmingham University in 1964. <mask> took over from Hoggart as acting director of the centre in 1968, became its director in 1972, and remained there until 1979. While at the centre, <mask> is credited with playing a role in expanding the scope of cultural studies to deal with race and gender, and with helping to incorporate new ideas derived from the work of French theorists like Michel Foucault. <mask> left the centre in 1979 to become a professor of sociology at the Open University.He was President of the British Sociological Association from 1995 to 1997. He retired from the Open University in 1997 and was a professor emeritus. British newspaper The Observer called him "one of the country's leading cultural theorists". <mask> was also involved in the Black Arts Movement. Movie directors such as John Akomfrah and Isaac Julien also see him as one of their heroes. <mask> was married to <mask>, a feminist professor of modern British history at University College London, with whom he had two children. After his death, <mask> was described as "one of the most influential intellectuals of the last sixty years".Biography
<mask> was born on 3 February 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class Jamaican family of African, English, Portuguese Jewish, and likely Indian descent. He attended Jamaica College, receiving an education modelled after the British school system. In an interview <mask> describes himself as a "bright, promising scholar" in these years and his formal education as "a very 'classical' education; very good but in very formal academic terms." With the help of sympathetic teachers, he expanded his education to include "T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Freud, Marx, Lenin and some of the surrounding literature and modern poetry", as well as "Caribbean literature". <mask>'s later works reveal that growing up in the pigmentocracy of the colonial West Indies, where he was of darker skin than much of his family, had a profound effect on his views. In 1951 <mask> won a Rhodes Scholarship to Merton College at the University of Oxford, where he studied English and obtained a Master of Arts degree, becoming part of the Windrush generation, the first large-scale emigration of West Indians, as that community was then known. He originally intended to do graduate work on the medieval poem Piers Plowman, reading it through the lens of contemporary literary criticism, but was dissuaded by his language professor, J. R. R. Tolkien, who told him "in a pained tone that this was not the point of the exercise."He began a PhD on Henry James at Oxford but, galvanised particularly by the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary (which saw many thousands of members leave the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and look for alternatives to previous orthodoxies) and the Suez Crisis, abandoned this in 1957 or 1958 to focus on his political work. In 1957, he joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and it was on a CND march that he met his future wife. From 1958 to 1960, <mask> worked as a teacher in a London secondary modern school and in adult education, and in 1964 married <mask>, concluding around this time that he was unlikely to return permanently to the Caribbean. After working on the Universities and Left Review during his time at Oxford, <mask> joined E. P. Thompson, Raymond Williams and others to merge it with The New Reasoner, launching the New Left Review in 1960 with <mask> as the founding editor. In 1958, the same group, with Raphael Samuel, launched the Partisan Coffee House in Soho as a meeting place for left-wingers. <mask> left the board of the New Left Review in 1961 or 1962. <mask>'s academic career took off in 1964 after he co-wrote with Paddy Whannel of the British Film Institute "one of the first books to make the case for the serious study of film as entertainment", The Popular Arts.As a direct result, Richard Hoggart invited <mask> to join the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, initially as a research fellow at Hoggart's own expense. In 1968 <mask> became director of the centre. He wrote a number of influential articles in the years that followed, including Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures (1972) and Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse (1973). He also contributed to the book Policing the Crisis (1978) and coedited the influential Resistance Through Rituals (1975). Shortly before Thatcher became Prime Minister in 1979, <mask> and Maggie Steed presented It Ain't Half Racist Mum, an Open Door programme made by the Campaign Against Racism in the Media (CARM) which tackled racial stereotypes and contemporary British attitudes to immigration. After his appointment as a professor of sociology at the Open University (OU) that year, <mask> published further influential books, including The Hard Road to Renewal (1988), Formations of Modernity (1992), Questions of Cultural Identity (1996) and Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (1997). Through the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> was closely associated with the journal Marxism Today; in 1995, he was a founding editor of Soundings: A Journal of Politics and Culture.He spoke internationally on Cultural Studies, including a series of lectures in 1983 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign that were recorded and would decades later form the basis of the 2016 book Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History (edited by Jennifer Slack and Lawrence Grossberg). <mask> was the founding chair of Iniva (Institute of International Visual Arts) and the photography organization Autograph ABP (the Association of Black Photographers). <mask> retired from the Open University in 1997. He was elected fellow of the British Academy in 2005 and received the European Cultural Foundation's Princess Margriet Award in 2008. He died on 10 February 2014, from complications following kidney failure, a week after his 82nd birthday. By the time of his death, he was widely known as the "godfather of multiculturalism". His memoir, Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands (co-authored with Bill Schwarz), was posthumously published in 2017.He was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery. Ideas
<mask>'s work covers issues of hegemony and cultural studies, taking a post-Gramscian stance. He regards language-use as operating within a framework of power, institutions and politics/economics. This view presents people as producers and consumers of culture at the same time. (Hegemony, in Gramscian theory, refers to the socio-cultural production of "consent" and "coercion".) For <mask>, culture was not something to simply appreciate or study, but a "critical site of social action and intervention, where power relations are both established and potentially unsettled". <mask> became one of the main proponents of reception theory, and developed <mask>'s Theory of encoding and decoding.This approach to textual analysis focuses on the scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience. This means that the audience does not simply passively accept a text—social control. Crime statistics, in <mask>'s view, are often manipulated for political and economic purposes. Moral panics (e.g. over mugging) could thereby be ignited in order to create public support for the need to "police the crisis". The media play a central role in the "social production of news" in order to reap the rewards of lurid crime stories. In his essay "Reconstruction Work: Images of Postwar Black Settlement", <mask> also interrogates questions of historical memory and visuality in relation to photography as a colonial technology.According to <mask>, understanding and writing about the history of black migration and settlement in Britain during the postwar era requires a careful and critical examination of the limited historical archive, and photographic evidence proves itself invaluable. However, photographic images are often perceived as more objective than other representations, which is dangerous. In his view, one must critically examine who produced these images, what purpose they serve, and how they further their agenda (e.g., what has been deliberately included and excluded in the frame). For example, in the context of postwar Britain, photographic images like those displayed in the Picture Post article "Thirty Thousand Colour Problems" construct black migration, blackness in Britain, as "the problem". They construct miscegenation as "the centre of the problem", as "the problem of the problem", as "the core issue". <mask>'s political influence extended to the Labour Party, perhaps related to the influential articles he wrote for the CPGB's theoretical journal Marxism Today (MT) that challenged the left's views of markets and general organisational and political conservatism. This discourse had a profound impact on the Labour Party under both Neil Kinnock and Tony Blair, although <mask> later decried New Labour as operating on "terrain defined by Thatcherism".Encoding and decoding model

<mask> presented his encoding and decoding philosophy in various publications and at several oral events across his career. The first was in "Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse" (1973), a paper he wrote for the Council of Europe Colloquy on "Training in the Critical Readings of Television Language" organised by the Council and the Centre for Mass Communication Research at the University of Leicester. It was produced for students at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, which Paddy Scannell explains: "largely accounts for the provisional feel of the text and its 'incompleteness'". In 1974 the paper was presented at a symposium on Broadcasters and the Audience in Venice. <mask> also presented his encoding and decoding model in "Encoding/Decoding" in Culture, Media, Language in 1980. The time difference between <mask>'s first publication on encoding and decoding in 1973 and his 1980 publication is highlighted by several critics. Of particular note is <mask>'s transition from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies to the Open University.<mask> had a major influence on cultural studies, and many of the terms his texts set forth continue to be used in the field. His 1973 text is viewed as a turning point in <mask>'s research toward structuralism and provides insight into some of the main theoretical developments he explored at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask> takes a semiotic approach and builds on the work of Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco. The essay takes up and challenges longheld assumptions about how media messages are produced, circulated and consumed, proposing a new theory of communication. "The 'object' of production practices and structures in television is the production of a message: that is, a sign-vehicle or rather sign-vehicles of a specific kind organized, like any other form of communication or language, through the operation of codes, within the syntagmatic chains of a discourse." According to <mask>, a message "must be perceived as meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded" before it has an "effect", a "use", or satisfies a "need". There are four codes of the encoding/decoding model of communication.The first way of encoding is the dominant (i.e. hegemonic) code. This is the code the encoder expects the decoder to recognize and decode. "When the viewer takes the connoted meaning ... full and straight ... and decodes the message in terms of the reference-code in which it has been coded, ... [it operates] inside the dominant code." The second way of encoding is the professional code. It operates in tandem with the dominant code. "It serves to reproduce the dominant definitions precisely by bracketing the hegemonic quality, and operating with professional codings which relate to such questions as visual quality, news and presentational values, televisual quality, 'professionalism' etc."The third way of encoding is the negotiated code. "It acknowledges the legitimacy of the hegemonic definitions to make the grand significations, while, at a more restricted, situational level, it makes its own ground-rules, it operates with 'exceptions' to the rule." The fourth way of encoding is the oppositional code, also known as the globally contrary code. "It is possible for a viewer perfectly to understand both the literal and connotative inflection given to an event, but to determine to decode the message in a globally contrary way." "Before this message can have an 'effect' (however defined), or satisfy a 'need' or be put to a 'use', it must first be perceived as a meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded." <mask> challenged all four components of the mass communications model. He argues that (i) meaning is not simply fixed or determined by the sender; (ii) the message is never transparent; and (iii) the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning.For example, a documentary film on asylum seekers that aims to provide a sympathetic account of their plight does not guarantee that audiences will feel sympathetic. Despite being realistic and recounting facts, the documentary must still communicate through a sign system (the aural-visual signs of TV) that simultaneously distorts the producers' intentions and evokes contradictory feelings in the audience. Distortion is built into the system, rather than being a "failure" of the producer or viewer. There is a "lack of fit", <mask> argues, "between the two sides in the communicative exchange"—that is, between the moment of the production of the message ("encoding") and the moment of its reception ("decoding"). In "Encoding/decoding", <mask> suggests media messages accrue common-sense status in part through their performative nature. Through the repeated performance, staging or telling of the narrative of "9/11" (as an example; there are others like it), a culturally specific interpretation becomes not only plausible and universal but

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In his influential 1996 essay "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", <mask> presents two different definitions of cultural identity.In the first definition, cultural identity is "a sort of collective 'one true self' ... which many people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common." In this view, cultural identity provides a "stable, unchanging and continuous frame of reference and meaning" through the ebb and flow of historical change. This allows the tracing back the origins of descendants and reflecting on the historical experiences of ancestors as a shared truth. Therefore, blacks living in the diaspora need only "unearth" their African past to discover their true cultural identity. While <mask> appreciates the good effects this first view of cultural identity has had in the postcolonial world, he proposes a second definition of cultural identity that he views as superior. <mask>'s second definition of cultural identity "recognises that, as well as the many points of similarity, there are also critical points of deep and significant difference which constitute 'what we really are'; or rather – since history has intervened – 'what we have become'." In this view, cultural identity is not a fixed essence rooted in the past.Instead, cultural identities "undergo constant transformation" throughout history as they are "subject to the continuous 'play' of history, culture, and power". Thus <mask> defines cultural identities as "the names we give to the different ways we are positioned by, and position ourselves within, the narratives of the past." This view of cultural identity was more challenging than the previous due to its dive into deep differences, but nonetheless it showed the mixture of the African diaspora. In other words, for <mask> cultural identity is "not an essence but a positioning". Presences

<mask> describes Caribbean identity in terms of three distinct "presences": the African, the European, and the American. Taking the terms from Aimé Césaire and Léopold Senghor, he describes the three presences: "Présence Africaine", "Présence
Européenne", and "Présence Americaine". "Présence Africaine" is the "unspeakable 'presence' in Caribbean culture".According to <mask>, the African presence, though repressed by slavery and colonialism, is in fact hiding in plain sight in every aspect of Caribbean society and culture, including language, religion, the arts, and music. For many black people living in the diaspora, Africa becomes an "imagined community" to which they feel a sense of belonging. But, <mask> points out, there is no going back to the Africa that existed before slavery, because Africa too has changed. Secondly, <mask> describes the European presence in Caribbean cultural identity as the legacy of colonialism, racism, power and exclusion. Unlike the "Présence Africaine", the European presence is not unspoken even though many would like to be separated from the history of the oppressor. But <mask> argues that Caribbeans and diasporic peoples must acknowledge how the European presence has also become an inextricable part of their own identities. Lastly, <mask> describes the American presence as the "ground, place, territory" where people and cultures from around the world collided.It is, as <mask> puts it, "where the fateful/fatal encounter was staged between Africa and the West", and also where the displacement of the natives occurred. Diasporic identity

Because diasporic cultural identity in the Caribbean and throughout the world is a mixture of all these different presences, <mask> advocated a "conception of 'identity' which lives with and through, not despite, difference; by hybridity". According to <mask>, black people living in diaspora are constantly reinventing themselves and their identities by mixing, hybridizing, and "creolizing" influences from Africa, Europe, and the rest of the world in their everyday lives and cultural practices. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all cultural identity for diasporic people, but rather a multiplicity of different cultural identities that share both important similarities and important differences, all of which should be respected. Difference and differance

In "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", <mask> sheds light on the topic of difference within black identity. He first acknowledges the oneness in the black diaspora and how this unity is at the core of blackness and the black experience. He expresses how this has a unifying effect on the diaspora, giving way to movements such as negritude and the pan-African political project.<mask> also acknowledges the deep rooted "difference" within the diaspora as well. This difference was created by destructive nature of the transatlantic slave trade and the resulting generations of slavery. He describes this difference as what constitutes "what we really are", or the true nature of the diaspora. The duality of such an identity, that expresses deep unity but clear uniqueness and internal distinctness provokes a question out of <mask>: "How, then, to describe this play of 'difference' within identity?" <mask>'s answer is 'differance'. The use of the 'a' in the word unsettles us from our initial and common interpretation of it, and was originally introduced by Jacques Derrida. This modification of the word difference conveys the separation between spatial and temporal difference, and more adequately encapsulates the nuances of the diaspora.Legacy
 The Stuart Hall Library, Iniva's reference library at Rivington Place in Shoreditch, London, founded in 2007, is named after <mask>, who was the chair of the board of Iniva for many years. In November 2014, a week-long celebration of <mask> Hall's achievements was held at the University of London's Goldsmiths College, where on 28 November the new Academic Building was renamed in his honour, as the Professor <mask> building (PSH). The establishment of the Stuart Hall Foundation in his memory and to continue his life's work was announced in December 2014. The Foundation is "committed to public education, addressing urgent questions of race and inequality in culture and society through talks and events, and building a growing network of Stuart Hall Foundation scholars and artists in residence." In May 2016, Housmans bookshop sold <mask>'s private library. 3,000 books were donated to Housmans by <mask>'s widow <mask>. <mask> was a presenter of a seven-part television series entitled Redemption Song — made by Barraclough Carey Productions, and transmitted on BBC2, between 30 June and 12 August 1991 — in which he examined the elements that make up the Caribbean, looking at the turbulent history of the islands and interviewing people who live there today.The series episodes were as follows:
 "Shades of Freedom"  (11/08/1991)
 "Following Fidel"  (04/08/1991)
 "Worlds Apart"  (28 July 1991)
 "La Grande Illusion"  (21 July 1991)
 "Paradise Lost"  (14 July 1991)
 "Out of Africa"  (7 July 1991)
 "Iron in the Soul"  (30 June 1991)

<mask>'s lectures have been turned into several videos distributed by the Media Education Foundation:
 Race, the Floating Signifier (1997). Representation & the Media (1997). The Origins of Cultural Studies (2006). Mike Dibb produced a film based on a long interview between journalist Maya Jaggi and <mask> called Personally Speaking (2009). <mask> is the subject of two films directed by John Akomfrah, entitled The Unfinished Conversation (2012) and The Stuart Hall Project (2013). The first film was shown (26 October 2013 – 23 March 2014) at Tate Britain, Millbank, London, while the second is now available on DVD. The Stuart Hall Project was composed of clips drawn from more than 100 hours of archival footage of <mask>, woven together over the music of jazz artist Miles Davis, who was an inspiration to both <mask> and Akomfrah.The film's structure is composed of multiple strands. There is a chronological grounding in historical events, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, along with reflections by <mask> on his experiences as an immigrant from the Caribbean to Britain. Another historical event vital to the film was the 1958 Notting Hill race riots occasioned by the murder of a Black British man; these protests showed the presence of a black community within England. When discussing the Caribbean, <mask> discusses the idea of hybridity and he states that the Caribbean is the home of hybridity. There are also voiceovers and interviews offered without a specific temporal grounding in the film that nonetheless give the viewer greater insights into <mask> and his philosophy. Along with the voiceovers and interviews, embedded in the film are also <mask>'s personal achievements; this is extremely rare, as there are no traditional archives of those Caribbean peoples moulded by the Middle Passage experience. The film can be viewed as a more pointedly focused take on the Windrush generation, those who migrated from the Caribbean to Britain in the years immediately following the World War II.<mask>, himself a member of this generation, focused on the racial discrimination faced by the Windrush generation, contrasting the idealized perceptions among West Indian immigrants of Britain versus the harsher reality they encountered when arriving in the "mother country". A central theme in the film is diasporic belonging. <mask> confronted his own identity within both British and Caribbean communities, and at one point in the film he remarks: "Britain is my home, but I am not English." IMDb summarises the film as "a roller coaster ride through the upheavals, struggles and turning points that made the 20th century the century of campaigning, and of global political and cultural change." In August 2012, Professor Sut Jhally conducted an interview with <mask> that touched on a number of themes and issues in cultural studies. Book
  McRobbie has also written an article in tribute to <mask>:
Scott, David (2017). <mask>'s Voice: Intimations of an Ethics of Receptive Generosity.Duke University Press. Publications (incomplete)

1960s

1970s
 <mask>, <mask> (1971). Deviancy, Politics and the Media. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask>, <mask> (1971). "Life and Death of Picture Post", Cambridge Review, vol. 92, no.2201. <mask>, <mask>; P. Walton (1972). Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures. London: Human Context Books. <mask>, <mask> (1972). "The Social Eye of Picture Post", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no. 2, pp.71–120. <mask>, <mask> (1973). Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask>, <mask> (1973). A ‘Reading’ of Marx's 1857 Introduction to the Grundrisse. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.<mask>, <mask> (1974). "Marx's Notes on Method: A ‘Reading’ of the ‘1857 Introduction’", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no. 6, pp. 132–171. <mask>, <mask>; T. Jefferson (1976), Resistance Through Rituals, Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain. London: HarperCollinsAcademic. <mask>, <mask>; C. Critcher; T. Jefferson; J. Clarke; B. Roberts (1978), Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order.London: Macmillan. London: Macmillan Press. (paperback);  (hardback). 1980s
 <mask>, <mask> (1980). "Encoding / Decoding." In: <mask>, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, and P. Willis (eds). Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972–79.London: Hutchinson, pp. 128–138. <mask>, <mask> (1980). "Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance." In: UNESCO (ed). Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism. Paris: UNESCO.pp. 305–345. <mask>, <mask> (1981). "Notes on Deconstructing the Popular". In: People's History and Socialist Theory. London: Routledge. <mask>, <mask>; P. Scraton (1981)."Law, Class and Control". In: M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan & J. Pawson (eds). Crime and Society, London: RKP. <mask>, <mask> (1988). The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and the Crisis of the Left. London: Verso Books. <mask>, <mask> (1989)."Ethnicity: Identity and Difference". Radical America 23 (4): 9–20. Available online. 1990s

  Available online. 2000s

2010s

 <mask>, <mask> (2016). Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History. Slack, Jennifer and Lawrence Grossberg, eds.Duke University Press. .

See also
 Articulation (sociology)
 Musgrave Medal
 Bill Schwarz

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Stuart Hall Foundation website
 Marcus Williamson, Obituary in The Independent, 11 February 2014. John O'Hara interview with <mask> for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Doubletake program, originally broadcast 5 May 1983: The Narrative Construction of Reality – <mask>. Republished in centerforbookculture.org's "Context" online edition, No. 10. Retrieved 16 April 2008. Mitchell, Don. Chapter 24: <mask>.In: Key Thinkers on Space and Place. Phil Hubbard, Rob Kitchin, Gill Valentine (2004), pp. 160ff. .
 Marxist Media Theory
  John Simkin, <mask> biography, Spartacus Educational, September 1997 (updated August 2014). <mask> discussing globalization and power (2003, audio), darkmatter Journal. <mask> in conversation with Les Back (2010, audio), darkmatter Journal. Listing on the "people" section of Marxists.org
 in conversation with Pnina Werbner, March 2006 (video)
 "Professor <mask>", Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4, 18 February 2000. Richard Paterson, Paul Gerhardt, "<mask> (1932–2014)", BFI, 11 February 2014.Alex Callinicos, "<mask> in perspective", International Socialism, Issue 142, 2 April 2014. Jessica Evans (Department of Sociology), "<mask>: An OU perspective", The Open University, 14 February 2014. The Stuart Hall Archive is held at the Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, University of Birmingham. 1932 births
2014 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Academics of the Open University
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Black British writers
British feminists
British literary critics
British semioticians
British sociologists
Colony of Jamaica people
Fellows of the British Academy
Jamaican emigrants to the United Kingdom
Jamaican people of Indian descent
Jamaican people of Jewish descent
Jamaican people of Scottish descent
Jamaican Rhodes Scholars
People from Kingston, Jamaica
Presidents of the British Sociological

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<mask> ( , ; born 4 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and television presenter based in the United Kingdom. He is noted for performing stand-up comedy shows all over the world and for hosting topical panel shows such as Mock the Week, The Panel, and The Apprentice: You're Fired!. For his work on Mock the Week, he was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance in 2012. <mask>'s TV work also includes starring in and writing of television comedy and documentary series. He has also been a newspaper columnist, with pieces published in national papers in both Britain and Ireland. He has written books for both adults and children. His first children's book Beyond the Sky was nominated for a Blue Peter Book of the Year Award in 2017.In 2009, the Irish Independent described <mask> as "Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's 'favourite Irishman'" and in 2010, <mask>in was voted the-16th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups. Early life
<mask> was born in 1972 in Bray, County Wicklow, and adopted into what he described as "a stable home" where he enjoyed a happy childhood with his "supportive" parents. He attended Coláiste Eoin secondary school, a Gaelcholáiste (Irish-speaking medium school) on Dublin's southside. He attended University College Dublin (UCD), where he studied mathematics and theoretical physics. In 2008, he remarked: "I haven't written it into my act, but it occasionally comes through. I could come on with a chalkboard and say: 'Now you're all going to pay attention. While a student at UCD, he was both the auditor of the Literary and Historical Society (the university's oldest debating society) and the co-founder and co-editor of The University Observer college newspaper.In 1994, he won the Irish Times National Debating Championship and The Irish Times/Gael Linn National Irish language debating championship; he is a fluent Irish speaker, and speaks to his father only in that language. He played both gaelic football and hurling for Bray Emmets and hurling for the Wicklow County minor team. After university
After graduating in 1994, <mask> began working at RTÉ as a children's TV presenter. At this time, he also began performing his first stand-up gigs on the Irish comedy circuit. He admitted, "I did the trip from Dublin to Donegal to play to six people; then I turned round and drove home again. I did about three or four years playing to a lot of bad rooms, but learning as I went. It's not bad when someone gives you £40 for standing up and telling jokes.I remember thinking: 'This is the life.'" <mask> spent three years as a presenter on the bilingual (Irish and English) children's programme Echo Island  but came to prominence as a team captain on the topical panel show Don't Feed The Gondolas (1998–2000) hosted by Seán Moncrieff. <mask> also hosted RTÉ family entertainment gameshow It's A Family Affair. Stand-up comedy
<mask>'s stand up international career took off around this time as he began to tour heavily, performing across Europe, Asia, Australia and North America, with gigs in Dubai, Paris, Adelaide, Shanghai and New York City. He was a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs and the Edinburgh Festival, as well as making one notable appearance at the Just For Laughs festival in Montreal in 2002, where he was offered a prestigious gala show because of his performances at the Irish showcase. Around this time, <mask> presented the weekend game show It's a Family Affair on RTÉ Television. It was the first time he worked with former Channel 4 commissioning editor Séamus Cassidy.They later set up the production company Happy Endings Productions, and together they produced (and <mask>in presented) the chat show Buried Alive (2003) and most famously in Ireland The Panel (2003–2006). In 2005, <mask>in's eighth show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was the biggest-selling solo comedy show of the festival. In early 2006, <mask> conducted his third tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland. This included shows at the Theatre Royal, in London as well as nine nights in Dublin at Vicar Street. His second night in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London was recorded for his first live DVD. His fourth multinational tour followed in late 2007, which as he says in his routine has "no title" but was almost entitled "You Had to Be There". He performed new tours across the UK and Ireland in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2018.His 2010 tour played for 150 dates, to over 225,000 people, including 37 nights in Vicar St. in Dublin, 9 nights at the Hammersmith Apollo in London and a first date in Dubai. Each of those three tours were recorded for DVD, and the 2012 tour, entitled 'Craic Dealer', was similarly recorded during his shows at the Edinburgh Playhouse in May 2012. "Craic Dealer" ran for over 150 shows, as did his 2015 tour "Crowd Tickler", this time with dates in Scandinavia, Northern Europe and Australia added to the tour. That tour was recorded for DVD, the last of his five DVDs. On 12 March 2011, <mask>, Jack Whitehall and Jon Richardson set a new Guinness World Records title for hosting the 'highest stand-up comedy gig in the world', on a British Airways flight in support of Comic Relief. In 2011, <mask>in took part in two shows of the 16-date Uncaged Monkeys tour with Professor Brian Cox, Robin Ince, Ben Goldacre, Simon Singh and Chris Addison. In Oct 2017 he started touring his show "Voice of Reason".As well as another 37 nights in Vicar St Theatre in Dublin (to bring his total there to 197 shows), "Voice of Reason" was performed more than 175 times, in 20 countries, including debut shows in Reykjavik, St Petersburg, Malta, Germany and New Zealand. It was recorded as a BBC special at the Hammersmith Apollo, for broadcast in 2019. He had originally planned to perform the show on debut tours to the US and Canada in 2020, but this was postponed after the first four US dates, in early March, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Canadian part of the tour resumed in August 2021. In September 2021 he announced a new show, named "So... Where Were We? ", with a tour starting in November 2021. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a portion of the tour in Ireland that was originally planned for January 2022 was pushed back to March through June 2022.Panel shows
The Panel was hosted by <mask>in. Three times nominated for the Best Entertainment show IFTA (Irish Film and Television Awards) the show has a rotating cast of panellists, usually drawn from the world of Irish comedy, discussing the events of the week and interviewing guests. The most regular panellists have been Colin Murphy, Ed Byrne, Neil Delamere, Andrew Maxwell and Mairéad Farrell. Around 2002, with his profile rising in the UK due to his one-man shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, <mask> began making appearances on UK television shows such as Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment (a Channel 5 production) and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. In early 2003, he hosted the second series of BBC Scotland's Live Floor Show. His big break in UK television came in 2003, when he appeared as a guest panellist on news quiz, Have I Got News for You, subsequently making several appearances as guest host of the show. In 2003, <mask> was nominated at the Chortle Comedy Awards for Live Comedy in the categories Best Compère and Best Headline Act (which he would go on to win).In 2004, he won the Best Headliner award again, as well as being nominated for Best Full-length Show. Since 2005, he has been the host of the comedy panel show Mock the Week on BBC Two, a blend between Have I Got News for You and Whose Line Is It Anyway? The show reached its 200th episode during its 19th series in 2019. He is a relatively frequent panellist on QI and wrote about Ireland in the QI series E annual, and appears occasionally on Just a Minute on BBC Radio 4. He also holds the record for greatest number of appearances (7) on the BBC stand-up showcase Live at the Apollo. <mask> has appeared several times in the BBC Radio science / comedy show The Infinite Monkey Cage which premiered on 30 November 2009 on Radio 4. In 2010, <mask> replaced Adrian Chiles as the presenter of The Apprentice: You're Fired!.After five years, he quit following the 2014 series. In 2016, <mask>in hosted a panel show about video games called <mask> <mask>'s Go 8 Bit. Series 3 began in February 2018. In 2019, <mask>in appeared as a guest on Hypothetical. Chat shows, television programmes and writing
Since 2006, <mask> has starred in the BBC's Three Men in a Boat series, with Griff Rhys Jones and Rory McGrath. The series has included the trio rowing the River Thames, as in the 1889 novel of the same name, sailing from London to the Isle of Wight for a sail boat race, borrowing numerous vessels to make their way from Plymouth to the Isles of Scilly. In 2009, the three took to the Irish canals and rivers on a trip from Dublin to Limerick.In 2010, they explored the Isles of Scotland. In 2011, two more series were made; one travelling from Monte Negro to Venice, the other travelling down the New England coast in the US to New York. In total seven series were made. On 14 September 2005, <mask> appeared as a guest on Room 101, where he got rid of children's television presenters (following his work as a presenter on Echo Island) and once-in-a-lifetime experiences (he was given a once-in-a-lifetime experience on the show by being the second guest to pull the lever that opens the chute to Room 101 – the first had been former host Nick Hancock). He also got rid of banter, Gillian McKeith and magicians. <mask> has also been an extensive newspaper columnist, with pieces published in many national papers in both the UK and Ireland, from The Sunday Times to The Daily Telegraph. On 9 August 2006, he hosted the first edition of his chat show Turn Back Time.which only ran for one series. On 1 October 2009, <mask> released his first book entitled Tickling the English, about what he considers it means to be English. As part of its promotion, he has stated that he is enthusiastic about English culture and a student of English history, his favourite events being the Gin Craze and the civil war. In a review of Tickling the English <mask> was described as Sir Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's "favourite Irishman". <mask> has hosted the British Academy Video Games Awards 9 times between 2009 and 2019, including 2012, when highlights were also shown on Challenge. In 2012 he hosted the Bafta Television awards, the same year he was nominated for a Best Entertainment Performance Award. From 3 to 5 January 2011, <mask> and Brian Cox presented Stargazing Live on BBC Two, three programmes based at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, scheduled to coincide with the conjunction of Jupiter and Uranus, a partial solar eclipse, and the Quadrantid meteor shower.The two presenters hosted a second series of three-hour-long programmes, plus follow-up 30-minute shows called Stargazing Live: Back to Earth, from 16 to 18 January 2012. From 8 to 10 January 2013, they presented the third series, again accompanied by Back to Earth. Stargazing Live has continued to run intermittently throughout the decade, including live coverage of the Partial solar eclipse over the Uk in 2015, Astronaut Tim Peake's journey to the ISS in 2016, and a 50th anniversary celebration of the Apollo missions in 2019. Stargazing Live was nominated for a Bafta for Best Live Television Event in 2017. From 16 April 2012, <mask> presented an eight-episode series of School of Hard Sums with co-host Marcus du Sautoy on Dave. Each episode was themed and <mask>in along with a guest attempted to solve various conundrums posted by du Sautoy. Series 2 began on 1 May 2013.On 6 November 2012, <mask> began presenting a series called <mask> <mask>'s Science Club, in which he and other celebrities discuss science issues. The first edition of this programme features Ed Byrne talking about how closely related he is to the Neanderthals. Each episode in the series includes a short animated history that has been created by the UK animation and illustration agency 12Foot6. In 2013, <mask>in joined Jack Dee, Chelsee Healey, Greg James, Melanie C and Philips Idowu in Through Hell and High Water, a Comic Relief challenge which involved British celebrities canoeing the most difficult rapids of the Zambezi River. They raised over £1 million for the charity. Dara and Ed's Great Big Adventure, a 2015 three-part fly-on-the-wall television series, followed <mask>in and Ed Byrne on their journey by car down the Pan-American Highway. In June 2015, <mask> <mask>in Meets Stephen Hawking, in which <mask>in travels to Cambridge for a series of interviews with theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, aired on BBC One.From January to March 2016, <mask> presented Tomorrow's Food, a three-episode series alongside Angela Hartnett, Chris Bavin and Dr Shini Somara. The BBC One show looked at the technologies and produce in farms, supermarkets, kitchens and restaurants around the world. <mask> presented the 2016 reboot of Robot Wars starting on 24 July, as well as the subsequent two series in 2017. He hosted a revival of the classic quiz show Blockbusters, which began airing on Comedy Central on 21 March 2019 until 5 December 2019. In June 2019, he was the host of The Family Brain Games. He co-hosted this with Dr. Hannah Critchlow, who was responsible for the psychological analysis and supported by Dr. Adam Hampshire. This programme was won by the Smith Family of Newmilns, Ayrshire.<mask>in will present C4's upcoming quiz show called One & Six Zeros. Film work
<mask>in had a cameo role as a generalised alternative comedian in the 2013 British film The Look of Love directed by Michael Winterbottom. Personal life
<mask>in married his wife Susan, a surgeon, in 2006; they live in West London with their three children, one daughter (born 2008) and two sons (born 2011 and 2015). He was best man at his best friend Ed Byrne's wedding in 2008 after Byrne had previously been <mask>riain's best man. He describes himself as looking like "one of Tony Soprano's henchmen, on a bad day", and said that in 2008, "living in London I probably only get recognised about once a day. And that's okay by me. I'm not a celebrity.And I certainly don't see myself as one". <mask> is an atheist, but has said that he also sees himself as "ethnically Catholic": "I'm staunchly atheist, I simply don't believe in God, even if he believes in me. But I'm still Catholic, of course. Catholicism has a much broader reach than just the religion. I'm technically Catholic, it's the box you have to tick on the census form: 'Don't believe in God, but I do still hate Rangers. His surname is the original Irish form of O'Brien. He said, "My dad was involved in the Irish language movement and changed it.Even Irish people are now confused by it". <mask> is a fan of English football club Arsenal, and he is also a fan of Gaelic games. When his tweet congratulating London on knocking Sligo out of the 2013 Football Championship was read out on The Sunday Game, <mask> expressed amazement and vowed to try to have one read out every week. <mask> has also expressed an interest in Irish cricket, and has written about the subject for The Guardian newspaper. <mask> was one of fifteen members of a racing greyhound syndicate for several years. The December 2009 transmission of Three Men Go to Ireland featured their dog Snip Nua who, by the time of transmission, had been put down following injuries sustained in a race. <mask> was so upset about the death that he and his fellow syndicate members immediately disbanded the syndicate permanently.In early 2010, a series of small demonstrations were held outside some of <mask>in's tour venues, urging him to publicly denounce the sport of greyhound racing due to the dog's death. In 2020, having known that he was adopted, he successfully sought out his birth family. Stand-up DVDs

See also
 Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)

References

External links

 <mask> <mask>in on Chortle

1972 births
20th-century Irish comedians
21st-century Irish comedians
Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)
Bray Emmets Gaelic footballers
Bray Emmets hurlers
Echo Island presenters
Former Roman Catholics
Irish adoptees
Irish atheists
Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom
Irish former Christians
Irish game show hosts
Irish male comedians
Irish stand-up comedians
Irish television personalities
People from Bray, County Wicklow
The Panel (Irish TV series) presenters
People educated at Coláiste Eoin
Robot Wars (TV series) presenters
Television presenters from the Republic of Ireland
Wicklow Gaelic footballers
Wicklow hurlers

masks:
Dara Ó Briain
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Ó Bria
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<mask> (born 17 January 1967) is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer. After his first band Treebound Story (formed while he was still at school) broke up, <mask> found success as a member of Britpop band Longpigs in the 1990s. After that group broke up in 2000, he later joined the band Pulp, led by his friend Jarvis Cocker, for a short time. As a solo musician, <mask> has released eight studio albums. He has been nominated for a Mercury prize twice and once for a Brit Award. He has collaborated with Lisa Marie Presley, Shakespears Sister, Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Elbow, Duane Eddy and Paul Weller. Early life
Born in Sheffield, <mask> grew up with two sisters in a working-class area of the city.He was born with a cleft palate, which required numerous operations. Both his parents were musicians; his father <mask> was a guitarist with a number of local bands (on his death, the Sheffield Star called him a "Sheffield music legend"), and his mother Lynne a singer. They divorced when he was 16 years old. He is a lifelong supporter of local football club Sheffield Wednesday. He noted that "I always wrote songs since childhood" and realising that "you could actually make something up of your own was quite a big one then". He attended Hucklow Middle School together with future Pulp bassist  Steve Mackey, and passed his O-levels. <mask> briefly worked at the local HMV.While still at school, <mask> formed the Treebound Story and at the age of 19 recorded a Peel Session together with the band. Solo career

Setanta (2001–2004)
As a member of the Longpigs, <mask> released two albums, The Sun Is Often Out and Mobile Home. After the demise of the band, he joined Pulp as a touring guitarist while also working as a session musician. During his time with both bands he was able to "quietly hone" his songwriting skills, citing that "I was never really very good about bleating on about being a songwriter". Impressed by a home demo of his songs, both Cocker and Mackey urged <mask> to record the material. He used some left-over studio time to demo material and to experiment. Pointing out that "I just wanted to make something gentle for myself – I never expected it to be released".He recorded a song per day, recording most of the instruments himself "with a boom mike in the middle so I could walk between instruments – I mixed it in my head". His eponymous debut was a mini-album that featured seven songs and released in April 2001 through Setanta Records. It was supported by the single "Coming Home". While <mask> played "90% of the stuff" he was assisted by former Longpigs drummer Andy Cook and Colin Elliot, who became his long-term producer. <mask> later commented that "I think with anybody's early stuff you can batter it and take things apart. [With] doing those early records I was trying to get back to a way of being creative with recording rather than taking this dogmatic approach to it". He admitted that he didn't get "it right every time but I got what I wanted to achieve.It was to try and find something in the song. And also, with those early records, there was no money". Clash Magazine described it as "a rather brief burst of seven mid-paced, ’50s-flecked moments of jangle. Listening back now, it’s easy to spot the early signs of the grandeur that was to come, especially on standout "Sunlight" amongst these tentative 22 and a half minutes". The cover of the album was shot in front of a bingo hall in Cleethorpes. In 2001, Late Night Final, named after the cry of vendors selling the Sheffield Star evening newspaper on the streets of the city, was released to positive reviews from the press. <mask> later explained that prior to going into the sessions "all I'd got was the riff to "Baby, You're My Light" and that the majority of songs were written during the sessions.As an example he cited "The Nights Are Cold" that was done in one take after Cooke asked "look, we've got a gig tonight, are we doing this or what?". Clash magazine called it "a remarkably assured, often truly gorgeous, collection of warmly evocative lullabies" singling out the songs "Baby, You’re My Light" and "The Nights Are Cold" as "mesmerising". The album was produced by Alan Smythe. Two years later <mask> released Lowedges, named after a suburb of the city. The NME called Lowedges the "first great album of 2003" and it topped an end-of-the-year poll held by Virgin Radio. Of the two albums, he later stated that "as those three records progressed you can see the band thing taking over more and more. By the time you get to Lowedges there's less of me playing everything and there's more of the guys.I was determined for it to be very ragged-arsed and not to be really polished and produced". Mute (2005–2011)
After leaving Setanta Records in 2004, <mask> signed to Mute Records, a division of EMI. Legal wrangling delayed Coles Corner, <mask>'s third album, until September 2005. Again, <mask> mined the theme of his home city, this time referencing the location where courting lovers meet. Coles Corner eventually gained a nomination for the Mercury Prize in 2006. Alex Turner of the Arctic Monkeys, whose debut album won the prize, exclaimed "Someone call 999, <mask>'s been robbed!" <mask>'s 2007 album Lady's Bridge (again named with a Sheffield reference, after a bridge in the centre of the city) was released in the United Kingdom on 20 August 2007.He performed a 16-date tour during September 2007 to promote the album. Merchandising on the tour included T-shirts and posters, but also special edition bottles of Sheffield-made Henderson's Relish. The same year, <mask>'s father died after a long illness. Setanta re-released his self-titled debut in 2007 extending it with five additional tracks. He later commented that the release "altered the flow, there's a track on it called 'Troublesome Waters' which is a cover of a Howard Seratt song and it's the only time me and my dad featured together on a published recording. He plays rhythm guitar". On 14 January 2008, <mask> was nominated for his first solo Brit Award for Best British Male Performer.<mask> was a headlining act at the 2008 Festival Internacional de Benicàssim in Spain. <mask> produced, with Colin Elliot, and contributed two songs to the album Made in Sheffield, a compilation of songs by the Sheffield-based songwriters for Tony Christie. Truelove's Gutter, <mask>'s fifth studio album, was released on Mute Records on 21 September 2009. The album won the Mojo record of the year. His song "Don't Get Hung Up in Your Soul" was chosen as the Starbucks iTunes Pick of the Week for 17 November 2009. and "Open Up Your Door" featured as the soundtrack song to the Häagen-Dazs ice cream TV commercial in the UK. <mask>'s track "Tonight The Streets Are Ours" was chosen as the title track for the Oscar nominated 2010 Banksy film Exit Through the Gift Shop which premièred at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2010. His 2011 song "There's a Storm Coming" was used at the end of the film Brighton Rock."You And I" by <mask> and The Death Ramps (aka Arctic Monkeys), was released as the B-side of the Arctic Monkeys' single "Black Treacle" on 23 January 2012. Parlophone (2012–2015)
Standing at the Sky's Edge, the sixth solo album, was released in the UK on 7 May 2012 through Parlophone. It was supported by the release of four singles, "Leave Your Body Behind You", "Down in the Woods", "Seek It" and "Don't Stare at the Sun". The four singles were collected on vinyl for the Singles Club box set. During the European tour in support of the album, <mask> broke his leg and had to perform in a wheelchair. In September 2012, Standing at the Sky's Edge was nominated for the 2012 Mercury Awards. <mask> also featured in a BBC6 Music live broadcast with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, which took place at the Magna Science Park, Rotherham.In October 2013 he joined Cocker and Kami Thompson on the Bright Phoebus Revisited UK Tour. <mask> also provided vocals for the title track of the Manic Street Preachers album, Rewind The Film, released in September 2013. In October 2014, his previous record company, Setanta, re-released the first three albums both on vinyl and CD. He also contributed a number of songs to the soundtrack of the documentary film Love Is All in 2014. In September 2015, <mask> released his seventh album Hollow Meadows. BMG Rights Management (2019–present)

On 31 May 2019, <mask> revealed his eighth studio album Further, released by BMG Rights Management. The album's 11 tracks are titled: Off My Mind, Alone, My Little Treasures, Further, Emilina Says, Is There a Pill?, Galley Girl, Not Lonely, Time Is, Midnight Train, and Doors.Session work
<mask> has also worked with several musicians, including Hank Marvin, A Girl Called Eddy, and Jarvis Cocker (and his Relaxed Muscle project). He played the guitar solo on All Saints' cover version of "Under the Bridge". On working with others, <mask> noted that he has always been asked to and he likes "working with other people because you can get too absorbed in your own little bubble". In 2002, <mask> produced the debut single "So Young" by Sheffield band Hoggboy, co-produced the band's two albums Or 8? and Seven Miles Of Love, co-wrote second album track "Hello", and also played on a cover version of Little Walter's "Come Back Baby", which was released as a B-side to the single "Believe". Hawley also produced material by lead singer Tom Hogg's next band The Hosts. Praise from R.E.M.'s Mike Mills led to <mask> being approached to support the group on several concert dates in 2005. After contributing to Nancy Sinatra's 2004 self-titled album, <mask> supported her on a European tour in 2005 and duetted with her on several of the tour's concerts. <mask> provided vocals for "Bad Woman", a B-side to Arctic Monkeys' single "Teddy Picker", released on 3 December 2007. He also co-wrote and provided vocals and guitar to the song "The Fix" on Elbow's Mercury Prize-winning 2008 album The Seldom Seen Kid. <mask> also performed the song with the band at the Glastonbury Festival in June 2008, on The Culture Show in June 2008, at Elbow's homecoming gigs in Manchester in 2008, Wembley Arena in March 2009, Blackpool's Empress Ballroom in March 2009 and at the MEN Arena in September 2009. He reprised his collaboration with Elbow on 17 January 2009 for a special recording of The Seldom Seen Kid with the BBC Concert Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios, which was subsequently released as a special edition CD and DVD set titled The Seldom Seen Kid Live at Abbey Road in March 2009. He appeared with Elbow on 19 March 2011 while the band were in Sheffield to perform "The Fix" during their UK tour.<mask>'s song "Baby, You're My Light" was included on the CD soundtrack for the 2008 film Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist. <mask> himself made an appearance in the 2007 film Flick. In October 2009, <mask> was joined on stage by Lisa Marie Presley in London for an encore; she sang vocals on a song the pair had been working on called "Weary". The two embarked on a song writing partnership in which Presley wrote the lyrics and <mask> the music. Her album, Storm & Grace, was released in 2012 and included  the track "Weary" featuring <mask>. <mask> worked again with Sheffield band Arctic Monkeys in January 2012, providing vocals for the "Black Treacle"'s B-side, "You And I", which was released on 23 January that year. The band usually used the alias of the Death Ramps when working in collaboration with <mask>.Style
<mask>'s inspiration has largely been found in his local Sheffield and 1960s rockabilly, he also stating that "I've only ever wanted to make music that's soulful, that has some depth and heart in it." From early on in his career he was "really obsessed with things like Chess Records, Sun Records, the Bihari brothers and those records of that time were all done in the blink of an eye and it was about capturing a moment, and there was a degree of musical alchemy in all that." Clash magazine noted the "Orbison and Walker comparisons" attributed to <mask>'s early work. He described himself as "a jack of all trades" when commenting on his career as both a (session) musician and a songwriter, describing them as "running parallel". The covers and names of his albums often reference his home-town: "I know what it's like to live here in Sheffield and therefore it seems perfectly logical to write about it." Discography

Studio albums
 Late Night Final (Setanta SET88) (15 October 2001)
 Lowedges (Setanta SET110) (10 February 2003) (UK No. 169)
 Coles Corner (Mute STUMM251) (5 September 2005) (UK No.37)
 Lady's Bridge (Mute STUMM278) (20 August 2007) (UK No. 6)
 Truelove's Gutter (Mute STUMM312) (21 September 2009) (UK No. 17)
 Standing at the Sky's Edge (Parlophone) (7 May 2012) (UK No. 3)
 Hollow Meadows (Parlophone) (11 September 2015) (UK No. 9)
 Further (BMG Rights Management) (31 May 2019) (UK No. 3)

Mini albums
 <mask> (Setanta SET153) (23 April 2001); (extended edition released 21 May 2007)

Live albums
 Live at the Devil's Arse (Mute) (26 January 2009)
 <mask> Live at the Devil's Arse 28 April 2017 (LiveHereNow) (10 August 2018)

Film scores
 Flick (2008)
 Love Is All (2014)
 Funny Cow (2017)
 Urban Myths, episode: "The Dali and The Cooper" (2018)
 Pond Life (2018)
 One Way to Denmark (2020)

Singles and EPs
 "Coming Home" (16 July 2001)
 "Baby, You're My Light" (4 February 2002) (UK No. 81)
 "That's Alright Mama" (10 June 2002)
 "Run for Me" (12 May 2003) (UK No.186)
 "The Ocean" (22 August 2005) (UK No. 102)
 "Coles Corner" (31 October 2005) (UK No. 146)
 "Just Like the Rain" (23 January 2006) (UK No. 94)
 "Born Under a Bad Sign" (20 March 2006) (UK No. 81)
 "Coles Corner" (re-issue) (12 June 2006) (UK No. 136)
 "Hotel Room" (4 September 2006) (UK No. 64)
 "Silent Night" (12 December 2006)
 "Tonight the Streets Are Ours" (6 August 2007) (UK No.40)
 "Serious" (15 October 2007) (UK No. 83)
 "Valentine" (28 January 2008) (UK No. 134)
 Lady's Bridge EP (26 May 2008)
 "For Your Lover, Give Some Time" (10 August 2009)
 "Open Up Your Door" (30 November 2009)
 False Lights from the Land EP featuring Smoke Fairies (7 June 2010)
 "Leave Your Body Behind You" (2 April 2012)
 "Down in the Woods" (15 July 2012)
 "Seek It" (30 September 2012)
 "Don’t Stare at the Sun" (25 February 2013)
 "Rewind the Film" (Manic Street Preachers feat. <mask>) (8 July 2013)
 "Rollin' and Tumblin'" (19 April 2014)
 "Heart of Oak" (4 September 2015)
 "I Still Want You" (6 October 2015)
 "Funny Cow" (20 April 2018)
 "Off My Mind" (6 March 2019)
 "My Little Treasures" (12 April 2019)
 "Alone" (19 April 2019)
 "Ballad of a Thin Man" (20 September 2019)

Treebound Story singles
 "My Life's Example" (1988) (Fon Records)
 "Swimming in the Heart of Jane" (1989) (Native Records 12NTV 40)
 "Take It" (1989) (Native Records 12NTV 43)

Credits

References

External links

 – official site

Hawleyboard Online Community – official message board where <mask> is a regular contributor
MOG Review
Treebound story

1967 births
Living people
English pop guitarists
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
English male singer-songwriters
Parlophone artists
Musicians from Sheffield
Mute Records artists
Pulp (band) members
People educated at Firth Park Academy

masks:
Richard Willis Hawley
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Dave Hawley
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<mask> (November 20, 1928 - October 1, 2016) was a consultant to government agencies, corporations, universities and nonprofit organizations on various aspects of aerospace development, technology, and education. Government and corporate agencies include: DOD, DARPA, USAF, NASA, Rockwell International, McDonnell Douglas, SAIC, Rocketdyne, Space Services, General Space Corporation, Eagle Engineering, International Space Corporation, Aerospace Industries Association. Universities include: Harvard, Stanford, MIT, Caltech, California, Texas, Georgetown, George Washington University, George Mason University, William & Mary, North Carolina, North Dakota, Florida, Central Florida, Embry-Riddle. Non-profit organizations include: The Webb Vocational Institute, Florida and California Space Grant Consortia, Florida Space Research Foundation, Astronauts Memorial Foundation, Space Studies Institute, National Space Society, U.S. Space Foundation, Mid-West Space Development Corporation, others. Activities include consulting to government agencies in national and international technological, economic and policy development issues; to corporations on space commercialization, space remote sensing, political and media issues; to universities on multidisciplinary space curricula development, information technology and 'virtual' program development and multi-university, cross-cultural program issues. Prepared a number of studies, reports, memoranda and presentations on these and other specific requirements. Developed a widespread network of contacts in the aerospace and high-technology arena in many areas and levels of activity, both nationally and internationally.In the U.S. this includes the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House, Congressional Committees on Science, Technology and Space, NASA, DOD, USAF, FAA, JPL, Los Alamos Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Stanford Research Institute, most major aerospace corporations and space organizations. In Europe, ESA, CNES, and corporations such as Arianespace, DARA, British Aerospace. In Japan, NASDA, ISAS and NAL in government, NEC and Shimizu corporations. In Russia, the Moscow Aviation Institute, some cosmonauts and start-up industries. Additional contacts in the United Nations both in the Outer Space Affairs Division and in the Environmental Program. Early life and family

<mask> <mask> was born the fifth child and second son of Gordon and <mask> <mask> at the family home, Curraghbawn, near Nenagh, in County Tipperary, Ireland on 20, November, 1928. The <mask> family had a passion for adventure, and <mask> was no exception.From the time he could toddle around, he wandered rural Ireland, rejoicing in imaginative games. As a school boy, he excelled in all sports, setting records as a bowler in cricket, as a sprinter, and as a swimmer, among other sports. <mask>'s father was a World War I fighter pilot, and his brother Patrick was a flier during World War II. All three <mask> sisters, Pamela, April, and Rosemary, also served during WWII. <mask> graduated from public school (Saint Columba's College, Dublin) just as the war was ending. Although he shared his father and brother's passions for flight, the timing was against him – so many fliers just released from the military service meant that there was no call for trainees. Partly because he was unable to take his passion for speed to the sky, <mask> found another outlet.He became a highly competitive motorcycle racer. He was good enough at the sport to be offered a chance to “go pro”. Simultaneously, he went to work for Avery Scales, a multinational company in Dublin, where he was a rising star. Both those careers were left behind when he and a group of friends decided to build a boat, sail across the Atlantic Ocean, through the Panama Canal, and out to the South Pacific. “We wanted to see those beautiful girls in Samoa,” he recalls. The expedition was organized by famed sailor Tony Jacobs. The group of young men pooled their resources, bought a hull, and spent months building the boat they dubbed the Aisling – Irish Gaelic for great dreams.On May 2, 1952, <mask>, Tony and their companions – Anthony Blythe and brothers Fionn and <mask> – sailed from Galway Bay, Newspaper articles at the time made many references to the successful young businessman, <mask>, who had given it all up to sail the world. Several months and many exciting ... and frightening moments later, the Aisling and her crew arrived in Puerto Rico, where the American Coast Guard put a halt to their big plans. They never got through the Panama Canal or into the South Pacific. Coast Guard personnel hauled the Aisling out of the water and showed them that the hull was being consumed by parasites. Their rudder was very nearly torn from the boat! <mask> stayed in Puerto Rico briefly, but was offered the chance to set up a lobster business on Antigua, and accepted. It took the Antiguan locals a while to accept that the lanky Irishman could hold his own as a lobster fisherman.They dove without any gear, often to a depth of 40 feet, to pull the lobsters off the ocean floor. As they saw he could go to the depths with them, however, they accepted him. <mask> spent about a year on Antigua, then hitched a ride aboard a 21-foot sailboat on its way to Canada. Careers

“A Calgary businessman I met in Antigua told me that if I could get to his office in Canada by a certain date, he would guarantee me a job,” <mask> recalls. He walked in on the very date, and went to work immediately, driving “big rigs” over the icy Canadian highways. During the next several years, <mask> enjoyed a lifetime's worth of amazing activities. He served on the earliest teams that went to the Arctic Circle to build the Distant Early Warning Line.He was there the first day they started “scraping ice” – and the night one entire section of the camp burned. Another time, he accompanied a geologist as half the team creating the first ever map of the Arctic Red River. The two spent the time in a pair of canoes lashed together, and encountered everything from raging waters to half-mad moose families and very hungry Grizzly bears. Current
Dr<mask> died on October 1, 2016. Until that time he  lived in Port St. Lucie, Florida, where he pressed for educational opportunities for members of under-served communities and worked towards improving the socio-economic status of individuals and families through the use of vocational and technical educational programs, micro financing and provisions for providing viable business opportunities in order to utilize the education that has been received by individuals, corporations and families. Education

Returning to civilization in Calgary, <mask> applied to, and was accepted at, McGill University in Montreal. He received his B.A.in Political Science in 1959, and his M.A. in International Relations in 1961. In 1971, he received a Ph.D from the University of Pittsburgh, where he was the first graduate of their new doctoral program in International and Development Education. His thesis topic reflected his deep interest in providing educational opportunities for people who may otherwise be under-served or completely neglected. In addition, he was able to use his passion for the space program as a link to other educational options. Philanthropic and educational advancements

He served as the Director of Research and senior staff member of the J.W. McConnell Foundation, Montreal, a large philanthropic organization in Canada.Responsible for all grant evaluations at the local, regional, national and international level in the foundation's multimillion-dollar annual donations program. Grants were made to organizations globally across the whole spectrum of activity in the technological, educational, cultural, social, economic and health fields. Adequate evaluation required researching needs in each of these major areas, especially in the medical, aerospace, energy, computers, information sciences and environmental sectors. In reviewing 15-20 major requests each month, he learned much about the technical and political issues involved in these and other areas of social concern both nationally and internationally (1967-‘75). “The Foundation Board of Directors encouraged my involvement in educational, environmental, technological and social issues at all levels,” he remembers. His additional activities included representing the Arctic Institute of North America as official delegate to the First United Nations Conference on the Environment held in Stockholm, Sweden, May 2–12, 1972. Under the direction of Maurice Strong (Director-General of the Conference) worked with Barbara Ward and Margaret Meade in organizing the non-governmental agencies' important contributions to this seminal event.Environmental research

During his time in Canada, <mask> entered into a self-directed research program into the global need for sustainable development activities at the international level and of the technological advances required to aid in this process. This search led to an understanding of the possibilities remote sensing satellites offered for the better management of the Earth's resources then demonstrated by NASA's Landsat I satellite. Studying this issue led to the decision to move to Washington, D.C. in order to become involved in the space field (1976–77). The aerospace industry

Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry

He was also appointed as Special Advisor on Technical and Economic Issues to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Provision of Education, Health and Social Services in the Province of Quebec (Castonguay-Nepveu Commission). The Commission played a strong role in the emergence of Quebec as a major player in Canada's advanced science and technological capabilities. This was especially applicable in the aerospace field, as demonstrated by such global entities as Bombardier Aerospace, CAE Simulation Division, Canadian Space Agency, Radarsat Canada and others, all of which are Quebec-based. Founding Chairman and Trustee Emeritus of the International Space University

Dr. <mask> was also Founding Chairman and Trustee Emeritus of the International Space University.This institution offers ten-week intensive summer courses in a different country each year to 120 highly motivated recent graduate students from around the world. In 1995 it established a permanent campus in Strasbourg, France. Since 1996, It offers a master's degree in Space Studies on campus as well as the summer program elsewhere. ISU has 25 affiliated university members around the world (1986–present). University of North Dakota

<mask> was recruited by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin to serve as founding full professor and chairman of the Department of Space Studies, Center for Aerospace Sciences, University of North Dakota. There, <mask> created and established the world's first interdisciplinary graduate degree program in Space Studies. He recruited an eclectic founding faculty with Dick Parker handling space medicine and biology, Joanne Gabrynowitcz  for space law and policy, Jim Vedda on space commercialization, and Grady Blount anchoring planetary geology and Earth System Science.The broadly based curriculum combines scientific/technical, political/legal, social/psychological and other relevant fields of study into an integrated approach to our understanding of the issues and impacts associated with our entry into space and our attempts to live in and develop this new frontier. After <mask>'s departure from UND in 1990, the program was taken over by selenologist <mask>, who expanded the program into the first Internet-based degree program in space studies (1993). Space Studies remains one of the largest graduate programs in North Dakota and more than 400 students have completed this program and received their M.Sc. degree. At UND, <mask> and Blount created one of the first fully interdisciplinary Earth System Science programs in the United States. This incorporates, into a single field of study, the usually separate areas of atmospheric, earth and ocean sciences. This was in response to the then-speculative Earth Observing System of remote sensing satellites and integrated data systems.Blount went on to serve on the International Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems which defined many of the data formatting and calibration protocols for global environmental monitoring. The pair wrote an eight million dollar grant proposal to the U.S. Department of Agriculture which funded the construction and establishment of the Earth System Science Institute at UND (1988–89), now known as the Department of Earth System Science and Policy. <mask>, Blount and Vedda hosted the first (and only) International Conference on Hypersonic Flight in the 21st Century (1988). Gabrynowitcz went on to found the National Land Remote Sensing Data Archive Advisory Committee and served as a pioneer in the creation of space law and policy, particularly in the area of satellite remote sensing. UNISPACE and Senior Executive Space Forum
Dr<mask> served as Chairman, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Consultative Status with the United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Vienna Austria, August 9–21, 1982 (UNISPACE 82). He organized a 12-day program with 120 speakers from around the world covering a broad range of topics incorporating most aspects of space exploration and development. Topics included: international satellite communications; technical issues associated with space exploration; energy from and in space from orbiting and lunar-based solar power satellites and free-flying power platforms; a global, U.N. owned and operated remote sensing satellite system that would provide both national security and environmental information to all nations.(1981–82). During the early 1990s, Dr. <mask> served as Chairman of the Senior Executive Space Forum. The Forum is held contemporaneously with the Annual Conference of the U.S. Space Foundation in Colorado Springs. It brings together senior executives from the major aerospace corporations, Members of Congress, Chiefs of Staff, and military advisers of all three armed Services, Directors and senior researchers of the major Federal Research Laboratories and senior management representatives from NASA Headquarters and Centers. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss, openly and frankly, but off-the-record, the goals, objectives, technology development issues and problem areas associated with the U.S. space program. Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association

He also served from 1992 through 1996 as one of six members on the Scientific and Engineering Council of the Universities Space Research Association. USRA has 84 university members and works closely with the aerospace industry to outline future technology requirements and advise the federal government of these.In addition, USRA and its associated institutions (e.g., Lunar and Planetary Institute) play a leading role in the space education field and the disposition of government and corporate funds in the aerospace-related scientific and technical fields. National Commission on Space

In 1985, he was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as a member of the National Commission on Space. The 15-member Commission was mandated by Congress to prepare a bold and visionary fifty-year space agenda for the United States. It included luminaries from many parts of the space program such as Dr. Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, and <mask>. Before issuing its final report, Pioneering the Space Frontier, the Commission held both public and specialized hearings throughout the nation, nine of which were hosted by Dr. <mask> <mask>. The Commission Report was published by Bantam and had wide circulation

Personal awards and recognition

Lifetime Achievement Recognition from the International Space University/International Singularity University, 2009. NASA/DOD, National Aero-Space Plane Program: "For Outstanding Vision of the Impact of Hypersonic Technologies on the World Economy and Support of the National Aero-Space Plane Program."(1990). International Space University: "For Outstanding Dedication and Leadership of the International Space University During its Critical Launch Phase 1987-88." (1989). First Frederick E. Osborn Award—International L5 Society: "For leadership in building an international pro-space movement." (1985)
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS): First Arthur C. Clarke Award, "In recognition of outstanding personal contributions in education towards the peaceful uses of outer space." (1983). (Dr. <mask><mask> was the recipient of the Award just before <mask>n)
Government of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal: "In appreciation of worthy and devoted service."(1977). References

External links
 The Space Frontier Foundation
 International Space University
 Apollo 11 Anniversary at Space Frontier Foundation with tributes to Neal Armstrong
 Universities Space Research Association
 A Brief History of the involvement of <mask> with the ISU
 The L5 Society and work with James Lovell of Apollo 13
 Dr <mask> at the University of North Dakota, Founder of the Space Studies Program Appointed on the recommendation of Buzz Aldrin
 A report on Coronal Mass Ejections: An on-line review by Dr. <mask> on the NASA website
 CDAW (Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop) with NASA in 2005
 Declaration for Space by Dr. <mask><mask> on the NASA Website
 Work with the Space Studies Institute
 Acknowledgment from NASA for work on the National Commission on Space (NCOS)
 Presidential Commission of David <mask> from the President Reagan Historical Archives
 Dr<mask> with SEDS

2016 deaths
1928 births

masks:
David Charles Napier Webb
David C
Webb
Cornelia
Mary Webb
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David
David
Webb
David
David
David
Christopher Darby
David Webb
David
David
David
David
. Webb
David
David Webb
David Webb
Webb
Webb
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Chuck Wood
Webb
Webb
. Webb
David Webb
Chuck Yeager
David C
Webb
David C
. Webb
Carl Saga
David Webb
Webb
David Webb
David C
. Webb
C Webb
. Webb


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<mask>, also known as <mask> (10 March 1779 – 6 October 1863), was an English novelist and writer who wrote as Mrs<mask> or Mrs. <mask>. Her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832) is the best known. She also wrote social novels – one against slavery is said to have influenced Harriet Beecher Stowe – the first industrial novel, and two anti-Catholic novels that used a Protestant position to examine self-making. Some recent scholars note how modernist critics omit women writers such as <mask>. In 1839, The New Monthly Magazine claimed, "No other author of the present day has been at once so read, so much admired, and so much abused". Two of her sons, Thomas Adolphus and Anthony, became writers, as did her daughter-in-law <mask> (née Ternan), second wife of <mask>. Biography
Born at Stapleton, Bristol, <mask> was the third daughter and middle child of the Reverend <mask> and <mask> (née Gresley).<mask>'s mother died in childbirth when <mask> was five years old. Her father was remarried to Sarah Partington of Clifton in 1800. She was baptised at St Michael's, Bristol, on 17 March 1779. As a child, <mask> read a great amount of English, French and Italian literature. She and her sister later moved to Bloomsbury, London, in 1803 to live with their brother, <mask>, who was employed in the War Office. Marriage and family
In London, she met Thomas Anthony <mask>, a barrister, and at the age of 30, married him on 23 May 1809 in Heckfield, Hampshire. They had four sons and three daughters: Thomas Adolphus, Henry, Arthur, Emily (who died in a day), Anthony, Cecilia and Emily.When the <mask>s moved to a leased farm at Harrow-on-the-Hill in 1817, they faced financial struggles for lack of agricultural expertise. This was where <mask> gave birth to her last two children. Two of her sons also became writers. Her eldest surviving son, Thomas Adolphus <mask>, wrote mostly histories: The Girlhood of Catherine de Medici, History of Florence, What I Remember, Life of Pius IX, and some novels. Her fourth son <mask> became a well-known and received novelist, establishing a strong reputation, especially for his serial novels, such as those set in the fictional county of Barsetshire, and his political series the Palliser novels. Despite producing six living children, their marriage was reputedly unhappy. Move to America
Soon after the move to the leased farm, her marital and financial strains led <mask> to seek companionship and aid from Fanny Wright, ward of the French hero Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette.In 1824 she visited La Grange, Lafayette's estate in France. Over the next three years, she made several other visits to France and was inspired to take an American excursion with Wright. <mask> thought of America as a simple economic venture and figured that she could save money by sending her children through Wright's communal school, as Wright had planned to reform the education of African American children and the formerly enslaved on their property in Tennessee. In 1827, <mask> took most of her family to Fanny Wright's utopian community, Nashoba Commune, in the United States. Her husband and remaining family followed shortly after. Arriving in the United States four years earlier than her husband, she was able to develop an intimate relationship with Auguste Hervieu, a collaborator in her venture, and moved to Cincinnati, Ohio with her sons after the community failed. She also encouraged the sculptor Hiram Powers to do Dante Alighieri's Commedia in waxworks.Nonetheless, all the ways she tried to support herself in America were unsuccessful. She found the cultural climate uninteresting and came to resent democracy. Furthermore, after her venture failed, her family was more in debt than when she had migrated there – forcing her and her family to move back to England in 1831. Return to Europe
From her return at the age of 50 until her death, her need of an income for her family and to escape her debts led her to begin writing novels, memoirs of her travels, and other shorter pieces, while travelling around Europe. She became well acquainted with elites and figures of Victorian literature including Elizabeth Barrett, Robert Browning, Charles Dickens, Joseph Henry Green and R. W. Thackeray (a relative of William Makepeace Thackeray). She wrote 40 books: six travelogues, 35 novels, countless controversial articles, and poems. In 1843, <mask> visited Italy and eventually moved to Florence permanently.Writing career

<mask> already gained notice with her first book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832). She gave an unfavourable, and in the opinions of America's partisans, an exaggerated account. Her novel, The Refugee in America (1832), expressed similar views, prompting Catharine Sedgwick to respond that "Mrs. <mask>, though she has told some disagreeable truths, has for the most part caricatured till the resemblance is lost." She was thought to reflect the disparaging views of American society that were allegedly commonplace at that time among English people of the higher social classes. Later <mask> wrote further travel works, such as Belgium and Western Germany in 1833 (1834), Paris and the Parisians in 1835 (1836), and Vienna and the Austrians (1838). Among those with whom she became acquainted in Brussels was the future novelist Anna Harriett Drury. Novels
Next came The Abbess (1833), an anti-Catholic novel, as was Father Eustace (1847).While both borrowed from Victorian Gothic conventions, the scholar Susan Griffin notes that <mask> wrote a Protestant critique of Catholicism that also expressed "a gendered set of possibilities for self-making", which has been little recognised by scholars. She noted that "Modernism's lingering legacy in criticism meant overlooking a woman's nineteenth century studies of religious controversy." <mask> received more attention in her lifetime for what are considered several strong novels of social protest: Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw (1836) was the first anti-slavery novel, influencing the American Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). It focuses on two powerful families – one that strongly encourages slavery and another that strongly opposes it and provides sanctuary for slave refugees. It antagonizes pro-slavery characters, making them appear foolish and uncultured. <mask> also brings out her idea of a stereotypical American by drawing certain characters as shrewd, convincing, sly and greedy. Published in 1840, Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy was the first industrial novel to be published in Britain, inspired by <mask>'s visit to Manchester in 1832, where she examined the conditions of children employed in the textile mills.The story of a factory boy who is rescued by a wealthy benefactor at first, but later returns to the mills, illustrates the misery of factory life and suggests that private philanthropy alone will not solve the widespread misery of factory employment. Other socially conscious novels of hers include The Vicar of Wrexhill (1837, Richard Bentley, London, 3 volumes), which took on the issue of corruption in the Church of England and evangelical circles. Possibly her greatest work is the Widow Barnaby trilogy (1839–1855), which includes the first ever sequel. In particular, Michael Sadleir considers the skilful set-up of Petticoat Government [1850], with its cathedral city, clerical psychology and domineering female, as something of a formative influence on her son's elaborate and colourful cast of characters in Barchester Towers, notably Mrs Proudie. Later life and death
In later years <mask> continued to write novels and books on miscellaneous subjects – in all over 100 volumes. In her own time, she was considered to have acute powers of observation and a sharp and caustic wit, but her prolific production coupled with the rise of modernist criticism caused her works to be overlooked in the 20th century. Few of her books are now read, but her first and two others are available on Project Gutenberg.After the death of her husband and daughter, in 1835 and 1838 respectively, <mask> relocated to Florence, Italy, having lived briefly at Carleton, Eden in Cumbria, but finding that (in her son Tom's words) "the sun yoked his horses too far from Penrith town." One year, she invited Theodosia Garrow to be her house guest. Garrow married her son, Thomas Adolphus, and the three lived together until Trollope's death in 1863. She was buried near four other members of the Trollope household in the English Cemetery of Florence. Major works
Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832)
Belgium and Western Germany in 1833 (1834)
Tremordyn Cliff (1835)
Paris and the Parisians in 1835 (1836)
The Life and Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw; or Scenes on the Mississippi (1836)  retitled Lynch Law; etc. in 1857 edition
The Vicar of Wrexhill (1837)
Vienna and the Austrians (1838)
The Widow Barnaby (1839)
The Widow Married; A Sequel to the Widow Barnaby (1840)
The Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong, the Factory Boy (1840)
Charles Chesterfield, or the Adventures of a Youth of Genius (1841)
A Visit to Italy (1842)
The Refugee in America (1842)
The Ward of Thorpe-Combe (1842)
The Barnabys in America, or Adventures of the Widow Wedded (1843)
Jessie Phillips: A Tale of the Present Day (1844)
Young Love, A Novel (1844)
Travels and Travelers : A Series of Sketches (1846)
Town and Country, A Novel (1848)
The Young Countess, or, Love and Jealousy (1848)
The Old World and the New, A Novel (1849)
The Lottery of Marriage (1849)
Petticoat Government, A Novel (1850)
Mrs Matthews, or Family Mysteries, A Novel (1851)
The Young Heiress, A Novel (1853)

See also
<mask> Trollope bibliography
Trollope
<mask> Wright

References

Sources
 This article on her son has a short biography of her. Further reading

E. Bigland, (1953) The Indomitable Mrs Trollope

Historical fiction

External links

Works by or about <mask> Milton Trollope at HathiTrust

Works by or about <mask> Milton Trollope at Google Books

<mask> Trollope: 1779–1863—Bio and links to overviews of major works
Three Voices: Frances Trollope – The author describes her life in Cincinnati, Cincinnati Library
Mrs. Trollope's Bazaar, Cincinnati, Ohio 1828–1829, Cincinnati Memory
"Mrs. Trollope's America", Vanity Fair, June 2007
A Catalog Archive of Frances Milton Trollope's Works
The Life and Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw Audiobook

1779 births
1863 deaths
English women novelists
Writers from Bristol
Writers from Cincinnati
Victorian women writers
Victorian novelists
19th-century English women writers

masks:
Frances Milton Trollope
Fanny Trollope
. Trollope
Frances Trollope
Frances Trollope
Frances Eleanor Trollope
Thomas Adolphus Trollope
Frances
William Milton
Mary Milton
Frances
Frances
Frances
Henry Milton
Trollope
Trollope
Frances
Trollope
Anthony Trollope
Frances
Frances
Frances Trollope
Frances
Trollope
Trollope
Trollope
Trollope
Trollope
Frances
Frances
Frances Trollope
Trollope
Frances
Frances
Frances
Frances
Frances