text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 9 May 1981), is a Singaporean blogger and activist. In 2015, Ngerng was found guilty of defaming Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. In his blog, he had accused the PM of being a "thief" and criminally misappropriating monies paid by citizens to the state-administered Central Provident Fund. The judge ruled that the accusation is malicious and "one of the gravest that can be made against any individual, let alone a head of government". Ngerng was ordered to pay defamation damages of S$150,000. In the 2015 general election, Ngerng joined a Reform Party team to contest against the prime minister in Ang Mo Kio constituency, but lost with only 21.4% of votes, the second lowest of all GRCs contested. In 2016, Ngerng relocated to Taiwan.Early life

Ngerng's father is a chai tow kway seller while his mother is a retired factory worker. Ngerng lived with them and his younger sister in a four-room Housing Development Board flat in Sembawang. Ngerng also has an elder sister. Before 2000, the Ngerng family lived in a two-room flat near the now-defunct Hong Dao Primary School, which Ngerng had attended. Ngerng's family were unaware of his blogging activities until the events of May 2014. Ngerng states that his interest in people and their interactions started in primary school when he witnessed instances of racism. At the age of 15, Ngerng revealed his homosexuality to friends, but described facing resultant discrimination.He went on to study in Serangoon Junior College, where he took art as an GCE Advanced Level subject and won an award for topping his level in geography and art in his first year. Ngerng majored in sociology at the National University of Singapore, where he participated in its community service club helping autistic or hyperactive children and people with mental disorders. Ngerng started his sociopolitical blog, The Heart Truths, in 2012. He was found liable in October 2014 of defaming Lee Hsien Loong, the Prime Minister of Singapore, in a blog post. <mask> is also noted for his protests at Hong Lim Park campaigning against Singapore's Central Provident Fund. As a result of the events surrounding him, Ngerng was ranked by Yahoo Singapore as the top Singapore newsmaker of 2014. In 2015, Ngerng was found guilty of defaming Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.In his blog, he had accused the PM of being a "thief" and criminally misappropriating monies paid by citizens to the state-administered Central Provident Fund. The judge stated that the accusation is "one of the gravest that can be made against any individual, let alone a head of government". Ngerng was ordered to pay defamation damages of S$150,000. Career

After graduation, Ngerng worked for six months with Autism Partnership, an organisation working with families with autistic children. Ngerng then joined the Health Promotion Board’s Communicable Diseases department for six years, working on campaigns and presenting at international conferences, and winning an Employee of the Year award for innovation in 2011. In 2012, he joined Tan Tock Seng Hospital as a contract patient coordinator, where he fronted a campaign to promote the understanding of the lives of HIV-infected people. On 10 June 2014, Ngerng was sacked from his job at Tan Tock Seng Hospital for "conduct incompatible with the values and standards expected of employees" and for misusing resources for personal pursuits.Ngerng described the sacking as "politically motivated". NGO Maruah expressed concern on the manner of punishment and the reasons for doing so. In the same month, a 71-year-old man, Loh Thiam Hock, was jailed for four weeks for vandalising public property in support of Ngerng. Politics

In August 2015, Ngerng was part of the Reform Party six-member team contesting Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency in the 2015 general election. On 21 May 2014, Ngerng applied to be a Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP), with the proposal being submitted by fellow blogger Han Hui Hui. Ngerng was ultimately not selected as an NMP in August 2014. The People's Action Party team headed by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong defeated the Reform Party by 135,115 to 36,711 (78.63% to 21.37%) in the election.Taiwan
Since October 2016, Ngerng has been residing in Taipei after he was terminated from his previous job. In 2018, Ngerng took part in an Al Jazeera documentary, Singapore: The House that Lee Built. The documentary is <mask>'s first media appearance since his participation in the 2015 Singapore general election and reveals a snippet of Ngerng's life in Taiwan. Controversies

Libel suit over CPF blog post (2015)

On 15 May 2014, Ngerng made a post entitled "Where Your CPF Money Is Going: Learning From The City Harvest Trial" on his blog the Heart Truths. Within the post, Ngerng created a chart which mapped the relationships between Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, the Central Provident Fund (CPF), the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), Temasek Holdings and the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC). Ngerng claimed there was an "uncanny resemblance" between this chart and another chart by news agency Channel News Asia regarding the relationship among City Harvest Church leaders, who were being charged with misappropriating funds. The CPF has been described as "a forced savings scheme" for Singaporeans with "monthly contributions into the fund" to be saved for retirement, or for expenses on "property, healthcare, and their children's education", while the GIC has been described to have "indirectly invested" funds from the CPF.On 18 May, Lee's lawyer, Senior counsel Davinder Singh of Drew & Napier, stated that the blog post alleged that Lee "is guilty of criminal misappropriation of the monies paid by Singaporeans to the CPF" and that the allegations were "false and baseless". It was demanded that Ngerng issue an apology and take down the blog post within three days, as well as pay damages and legal fees, failing which Ngerng could be sued for defamation. On 19 May, <mask> took down the offending blog post but did not apologise and said that the offending article was a call for greater transparency on the CPF, the GIC and Temasek Holdings. He then posted another blog post entitled "Your CPF: The Complete Truth And Nothing But The Truth". Around this time, Singapore human rights non-governmental organisation Maruah called for Lee to rebut the points made in Ngerng's blog post. After an extension for the deadline for Ngerng's written response was granted, Ngerng apologised "unreservedly" on 23 May, admitting that his allegation was "false and completely without foundation". Ngerng also asked that he not pay for damages and legal fees, while requesting an "open dialogue" with Lee on the CPF.Ngerng's appeal to drop damages and costs was rejected. On 26 May, Singh sent a letter to Ngerng, saying that four further blog posts by Ngerng and a 24 May YouTube video showed that Ngerng's apology was not "genuine". If Ngerng did not take down this material, aggravated damages would be claimed. Ngerng agreed to remove the additional posts and video. On 27 May, Ngerng offered S$5,000 in damages "with each party to bear their own costs", which was rejected by Singh as "derisory". Meanwhile, Singh said that Ngerng had once again "misled" Lee and the public by not removing his YouTube video as agreed upon, claimed that the video was merely made private, and alleged that Ngerng had sent two emails with links to the posts and video to "a far wider audience" including local and international media. In response, Ngerng's lawyer, M Ravi, claimed no knowledge of the emails.On 29 May, Lee filed a defamation lawsuit against Ngerng. In response, Ngerng made an online plea for help in settling his legal fees through crowdfunding, leaving instructions on how to transfer money to his bank account. Within a week, Ngerng said that he had raised more than his targeted S$70,000. It was later reported that Ngerng had managed to raise more than S$110,000 from over a thousand contributions. While Lee did not address the case directly, he wrote on Facebook that "freedom of speech does not come free from the need to be responsible for what one says, either online or offline". Singaporean writer Catherine Lim has criticised the lawsuit against Ngerng. On 17 June, Ngerng's defence was filed in court by his lawyer, M Ravi, who stated that Ngerng had never intended to accuse Lee of criminal misappropriation of CPF funds.In July 2014, Lee applied for summary judgment for the case. In a 4 August affidavit, <mask> argued that his blog post had been misunderstood, and that he was merely asking for more transparency and accountability for CPF monies. In August, it was also reported that Ngerng was working part-time at his father's chai tow kway stall. At a 19 September closed hearing, Lee's lawyers asserted that Ngerng had "no defence" and asked for an injunction, while Ngerng's lawyer, M Ravi, argued that the blog post was not defamatory if read in its entirety. On 7 November, the High Court found Ngerng liable of defamation with damages to be assessed, which was the first such ruling in Singapore over a purely online article. The court ruled that there was "no triable defence" and "no doubt that it is defamatory to suggest that the plaintiff is guilty of criminal misappropriation". An injunction against Ngerng was granted, barring him from publishing future similar accusations regarding Lee and the CPF.Ngerng expressed disappointment at the verdict, but maintained that he would "still continue to speak up on the CPF and other issues that concern Singaporeans". On 12 January 2015, the High Court ordered Ngerng to pay Lee S$29,000 for costs of legal fees and related expenses; with damages yet to be settled. After missing the payment deadline twice, Ngerng paid on 6 February after a public spat with his lawyer, M Ravi. On 12 June, Ngerng's application to be represented by a Queen's Counsel in the damages hearing scheduled for 1 to 3 July 2015 was denied by the High Court and he was ordered to pay costs of S$6,000 to Lee's lawyers from Drew & Napier. The damages hearing proceeded as scheduled from 1 to 3 July 2015 with Ngerng representing himself and Lee being represented by Singh. Citing a lack of funds, Ngerng represented himself after dismissing his third lawyer in this case – George Hwang of George Hwang LLC. Ngerng's first lawyer in the case, M Ravi, was suspended by the Law Society for mental health reasons.During a hearing, Ngerng broke down in tears while he was being cross-examined by Singh. The hearing prompted much comment from international press freedom advocacy groups and a legal opinion in favour of minimal damages against defendant from the International Commission of Jurists: "It is humbly submitted that a decision awarding a disproportionately high amount of damages to the plaintiff in this case would cast a chilling effect on freedom of expression in Singapore". The High Court requested both parties to make written submissions on their respective cases by 31 August 2015. No date was given for the court's decision. On 17 December, the court handed down a judgement ordering Ngerng to pay S$100,000 in general damages and S$50,000 in aggravated damages. Ngerng, through his lawyer Eugene Thuraisingam, proposed to pay the S$150,000 in instalments. Lee granted Ngerng his request on the condition that Ngerng paid the S$30,000 in hearing costs immediately, i.e., by 16 March 2016.Ngerng is expected to repay S$100 a month from 1 April 2016 onwards over five years until 1 April 2021 when instalments are increased to S$1,000 until the full sum has been paid by the year 2033. Lee also rejected Ngerng's request to reimburse part of the damages, i.e., S$36,000. By 16 April 2021, a crowdfunding campaign had raised the S$144,389.14 required to pay the outstanding damages in full. Hong Lim Park protests
Ngerng was a speaker at the Return Our CPF protest organised by blogger Han Hui Hui at Hong Lim Park on 7 June 2014. In his speech, he demanded transparency and accountability for CPF monies. Organisers claimed a turnout of 6,000, while international news agencies reported about 2,000. Ngerng also spoke at the second (which drew "hundreds") and third Return Our CPF protests at the same venue on 12 July and 23 August 2014.A controversial incident occurred on 27 September 2014 when another Return Our CPF protest, again organised by Han Hui Hui, took place at Hong Lim Park at the same time as the YMCA Proms @ the Park event, a charity carnival attended by the elderly and disabled, featuring performances by children. Agence France-Presse described Ngerng and Han as having "led a march ... despite having only a permit to stage a rally at a fixed spot". The Straits Times described that Han had led the protesting group in "marching around the park" together with Ngerng, with the group "heckling special needs children and confronting" Minister of State Trade and Industry Teo Ser Luck, who attended the YMCA event. A few days later, Teo confirmed that Ngerng had issued an apology for the disruption; Teo himself apologised due to his "presence" causing the protesters to "go after" him. In a joint statement, the National Parks Board (NParks) and the Singapore Police Force (SPF) said that "each event was allocated a lawn" and that Han did not heed their advice "to speak at the allocated space". They described that "Han's group encroached into the YMCA event area, holding placards and shouting slogans, disrupted performances and frightened participants, including special needs children who were performing at the charity event". NParks and SPF also said that final approval to hold the event was given to YMCA on 9 September 2014, while Han's application for the protest was received and approved on 22 September 2014.The YMCA stated that NParks on 11 April 2014 had acknowledged their intent to hold the carnival. On 27 October 2014, in relation to the YMCA event disruption, Ngerng, Han, and four others were charged for public nuisance, which can incur a maximum fine of S$1,000; Ngerng and Han were also charged for organising a demonstration without approval, which can incur a maximum fine of S$5,000. In October 2015, Ngerng pleaded guilty to charges of public nuisance and organising a demonstration without approval. His lawyer, Eugene Thuraisingam, said he committed the offence because of ignorance. Ngerng was fined S$1,900. Personal life
Ngerng attended the now-defunct Hong Dao Primary School for a few years then transferred to Ang Mo Kio Primary School. He later studied at Mayflower Secondary School and then Serangoon Junior College before going to the National University of Singapore to major in sociology.During his junior college and university years, he excelled and got the top grade in English literature, Geography and arts. He was also on the dean's list of his university for one semester. Raised in a family of five, Ngerng has an elder sister and a younger sister. His father is a hawker chef. During his early life, Ngerng and his family lived in Ang Mo Kio and later moved to Sembawang. Ngerng is gay, as stated in his personal blog, My Right To Love, in 2011. He has written on topics related to the LGBT community, such as relationship woes and AIDS.Ngerng's family has long accepted his homosexuality even though they did not react positively when first revealed of his sexual orientation decades ago; his mother initially cried and for a few years refused to acknowledge his homosexuality. References

LGBT writers from Singapore
Living people
Singaporean activists
Singaporean bloggers
Gay politicians
Reform Party (Singapore) politicians
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Singaporean people of Teochew descent
1981 births
Male bloggers

masks:
Roy Ngerng Yi Ling
Ngerng
Ngerng
Ngerng
Ngerng


text_chunks:
Lord <mask> () (26 November 1961 – 26 January 1998) was a British aristocrat and political activist. He was the second son of <mask>, 6th Marquess of Bristol, but the only child by his second wife, the heiress Lady Juliet Wentworth-Fitzwilliam. As his elder half-brother was unmarried he was heir presumptive to the Marquessate. At Yale University, he founded the Rockingham Club, a society for aristocracy and royalty. He died in 1998. Origins
Lord <mask>'s father was <mask>, 6th Marquess of Bristol (1915–1985) of Ickworth House in Suffolk, a very wealthy aristocrat once described as "Mayfair's No. 1 Playboy," in a series of "life story" articles he wrote after serving a jail sentence for jewel robbery, a crime he claimed he had committed for a dare.Lord <mask>'s mother, his father's second wife whom he had married in 1960 he being her first husband, was Lady Juliet Wentworth-Fitzwilliam the only child and sole heiress of the very wealthy Peter Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 8th Earl Fitzwilliam (d.1948) who died in a small aircraft crash when she was aged 13. Also killed was his intended second wife, Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington, a daughter-in-law of the Duke of Devonshire and a sister of US President John F. Kennedy. Lady Juliet thus inherited her father's estate of estimated value £45 million, and later managed the family stud farm. After his father's death in 1985 Lord <mask> was thus the heir presumptive to the title and any entailed estates of the Marquess of Bristol after his unmarried and childless elder half-brother <mask>, 7th Marquess of Bristol (1954–1999), who inherited in 1985, the only child of his father's first marriage. <mask> and John were fond of one another. <mask> was also the heir presumptive of the vast Fitzwilliam inheritance, through his mother. When <mask> was eleven years old, his mother divorced his father and re-married to his 60-year-old friend, Somerset de Chair (d. 1996) by whom five years later she had a daughter, Helena de Chair, who in 2007 married Jacob Rees-Mogg.In 1996 his mother re-married for a third time and is now known as Lady Juliet Tadgell. <mask>'s father also re-married, to his private secretary, Yvonne Sutton by whom he had three further children, <mask>, 8th Marquess of Bristol (born 1979), who inherited in 1999 and at whose Roman Catholic christening <mask> had been a godfather, and two daughters Lady <mask> and Lady <mask>. Education and clubs
<mask> was known as a keen traditionalist. He was educated at Eton, Yale and the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. Eton
At Eton he was "an industrious boy with plenty of initiative" who took part in the House debate and during his last two-halves (terms) was in the House Library (i.e., a house prefect), founded and was president of the Burlington Society, a fine arts society with an emphasis on modern art and was a member of the Agricultural and Political Societies. He left Eton at Christmas 1979 with A-levels in French, Spanish and Economics. Yale
At Yale he took a degree in History of Art, requiring six years to graduate, which occurred in 1986.In 1981 whilst at Yale he founded the Rockingham Club, social club for descendants of royalty and aristocracy, which was later modified to allow membership to the children of the "super-wealthy". The Club and <mask> were profiled in Andy Warhol's Interview magazine but the Club was dissolved shortly thereafter in 1986. <mask>' older half-brother John, a homosexual, was posthumously reported to be a special friend of Andy Warhol. <mask> was a member, through his mother, of the Turf Club, a London gentlemen's club connected to horse racing. Monarchist League and politics

He was a leading member of the International Monarchist League, founded by his father. He was elected President of its International Youth Association (under 21s) in February 1979 and recruited numerous new members. In 1985 he became a Vice-Chancellor of the League proper, and on 1 April 1986 made the formal toast to the guests Armin, Prince of Lippe and his wife at the League's Annual Dinner in the Cholmondeley Room of the House of Lords.In later years he allowed his membership and vice-chancellorship to lapse. Through the League, which his father had subsidised for many years, he became friendly with Gregory Lauder-Frost, who introduced him to numerous right-wing conservative activities. One such event, on 25 September 1989, was the Western Goals Institute dinner at Simpson's-in-the-Strand, chaired by Lord Sudeley, for the President of El Salvador, Alfredo Cristiani, and his inner cabinet. Illness, bankruptcy, and death
In 1983 Lord <mask> was diagnosed with mild schizophrenia which was treated with medication. His mental health worsened when
it was discovered that the principal heirs of the unentailed estate of his father, who had died in 1985, were not <mask> and his elder brother, the latter who had however inherited Ickworth House and a large fortune, but rather his third wife and her young children. <mask> and John launched a lawsuit to have the will overturned. In 1991 <mask> voluntarily underwent treatment in a clinic and was forced to declare bankruptcy due to debts to his lawyers of £38,000 which his trustees refused to fund, His own mother, while on the Sunday Times Rich List (in 2003 her wealth was estimated at £45,000,000), did not act to prevent the bankruptcy, which appears to have triggered his entry into the clinic.She subsequently declared that "he was never himself again" after the clinic stay. <mask> suffered severe depression and became increasingly reclusive. His landlady said that he "drew no shred of comfort from the high rank and great riches to which he was born" and that "he was a recluse, in the sense that he was heavily sedated and slept all day – a typical schizophrenic. He was very quiet, very Old Etonian. He was a nice guy, but very 'out of it'. Nobody visited him here, except sometimes we would hear someone come and take him out to dinner." Lord <mask> died on 26 January 1998 at the age of 36; the cause was suicide by hanging.He never married and had no children. His half-brother, <mask>, 7th Marquess of Bristol, died less than a year later, also unmarried and childless, having been a habitual heroin addict for many years. References
Notes

Citations

External links
 Bats in the family belfry: a review of The House of Hervey published in The Spectator, 12 May 2001

Further reading
 Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage edited by Peter Townend, 105th edition, London, 1970. De-la-Noy, Michael. The House of Hervey. London, 2001. <mask>, <mask>.The Monarchist League Today and its Role and Goals for the Future, in The Monarchist, July 1979, no. 55, UK
 — — The [Monarchist League] Youth Association Spreading its Wings, in The Monarchist, July 1981, no. 59, UK
 Iovine, Juli V. Lipsticks and Lords: Yale's New Look, in The Wall Street Journal, 4 August 1987, p. 1. Ray, Jonathan, Rake's Progress in the New Statesman, 30 October 2000, vol. 13, issue 629, p. 56. Utley, Tom, article on <mask> in The Daily Telegraph, London, 29 January 1998, (see also news item the previous day). 1961 births
1998 deaths
British monarchists
People educated at Eton College
Suicides by hanging in England
Younger sons of marquesses
Alumni of the Royal Agricultural University
<mask>
People with schizophrenia
History of mental health in the United Kingdom
Royalty and nobility with disabilities
1998 suicides

masks: Frederick William Charles Nicholas Wentworth Hervey


text_chunks:
F<mask> (born April 15, 1940) is an educator, scholar, researcher, author, public opinion pollster and higher education administrator. From 2002-2003, he served as the president of University of New Mexico. <mask> was the first native New Mexican Hispanic to serve as a college dean, academic vice-president and president at the University of New Mexico. Early life and education
<mask> was born April 15, 1940 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He was the first of six children born to <mask> and Crucita A<mask>. His christened name was <mask>. <mask> was baptized at San Ignacio Church in Martineztown, an Albuquerque neighborhood, where his father was raised.<mask> is a 13th generation native New Mexican, descended from Juan Lopez Holguin, who came from the Extremadura community of Spain with the Juan de Oñate expedition to settle in the Santa Fe, New Mexico area in 1598. His tenth grandfather, <mask> Vigil was a member of the Diego de Vargas group that re-entered Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1692. <mask> first attended St. Francis Catholic Xavier School on south Broadway, close to his maternal grandmother's home where he spent the first seven years of his life. In 1947, his family moved to the north valley of Albuquerque. He graduated from Valley High School in 1957. A few days after graduating from high school, <mask> joined the New Mexico Air National Guard (NMANG) and went to eleven weeks of basic training at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. He served a six-year term in the NMANG.After completing basic training, <mask> matriculated at the University of New Mexico. He was a charter member of the initial General Honors Program. As <mask> proceeded through college, his interest in human behavior channeled him toward the social sciences, and he majored in Government and Citizenship, earning a BA in 1961. Interested in education and teaching from an early age, he hoped to become a high school teacher and continued at UNM to earn a master's degree in Government and Education with a Secondary Education certificate. After doing student teaching at his alma mater high school, <mask> was encouraged to continue his education so that he could teach at the college level. <mask> was accepted at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and began his studies in political science there in 1964. Later, he transferred to the newly instituted doctoral program in political science at the University of California at Davis (UCD) where he was awarded a Ph.D. in 1972.Beginning: A family and career
On September 2, 1967, <mask> married Sandra Dorine Galloway, also an Albuquerque native and a graduate of Valley High school and the University of New Mexico. Since <mask> had obtained a faculty position in the Political Science department at the University of New Mexicoin the fall of 1970, he and his wife moved back to Albuquerque in the summer of 1970. <mask> began his academic career while completing his doctoral dissertation on the development of political orientations of Mexican American children in California. He was hired as an Assistant Professor of Political Science to teach courses in American Politics, Public Opinion, Political Socialization and New Mexico Government. <mask> also originated and taught courses in Politics and Education, The Politics of Ethnic Groups and Chicano Politics. <mask> initially also had an appointment as an Assistant Director at the Division of Government Research in the Institute of Social Research and Development (ISRAD). The <mask>'s first child, Elaine Louise, was born on May 18, 1971, and their second daughter, Tanya Crucita arrived on November 10, 1974.Professor
Based on his research, publications and teaching, <mask> was awarded tenure and promoted from Assistant Professor to Associate Professor in 1974. Based on his continued scholarship he was promoted to Full Professor in 1978. He is one of the pioneers researching and writing in the field of Hispanic/Latino politics. His recognition as a scholar in this area as well as in campaigns, elections and New Mexico politics led to his being sought out for commentary and analysis by local, national and international media. After many years as a productive scholar, his accomplishments as a teacher, researcher and scholar were recognized as he was awarded the title of Distinguished Professor of Political Science. He retired from full-time teaching in 2007, but continued with his scholarly writings and taught a course in US Political Cultures on a part-time basis until 2011. While active in the political science profession he was very involved in its professional organizations.He served on several executive councils and committees of the American Political Science Association, Western Political Science Association, Western Social Science Association, Southwestern Social Science Association and American Association for Public Opinion Research. He was elected as Vice-President of the American Political Science Association (1994-1995) and President of the Western Political Science Association (1977-1978). <mask> is also a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Pi Sigma Alpha and Golden Key honorary fraternities. Pollster
In 1973, he and two colleagues formed Zia Research Associates, a public opinion polling organization. This was the first full-service opinion survey research firm in the state of New Mexico. Zia Research enjoyed remarkable success as it accurately analyzed and projected the results of campaigns and elections in the state of New Mexico for the next twenty-five years. While his wife Sandy took over management of the firm, <mask> supplied political, historical and election commentary and analysis on local and national television stations as well as for the national and international press.Administration
Although one of his doctoral study fields was public administration, <mask> did not plan to enter the administrative profession, nor did he suspect that his study would be of use when he made an unplanned entry into higher education administration. In 1975, he was asked to be an Assistant Dean in the College of Arts and Sciences. A year later he was promoted to Associate Dean. After a nationwide search, he was selected as Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, and he served in that position from July 1980 through December 1986 In that position he was the CEO and CFO of twenty academic departments and several institutes, centers and museums in the areas of the physical sciences, social sciences and humanities. <mask> was the first Hispanic American to be the Dean of the college. <mask> was persuaded to submit his application for the position of Vice-President for Academic Affairs, and after a national search, he was selected as the AVP, a position in which he served from January 1987 to July 1990. He returned to the political science faculty, but was called back to serve as an interim Provost twice—from January 1993 to July of that year and again from August 1998 to January 2000.In 2002, a faculty petition requested that the Regents appoint <mask> to the UNM Presidency. Although reluctant to return to administration, he was honored by this demonstration of collegial support and accepted a one-year term of service, 2002-2003. He was the first Hispanic American to be president of UNM. After completing his term, and having a sabbatical, he returned to the political science department. Research and publications
<mask> is the author, co-author, editor or co-editor of more than sixty books, monographs, chapters, articles and reviews. His twelve books include: The Political Socialization of Chicano Children (1973); The Chicano Political Experience (1977); Latinos and the Political System (1988); Latino Voices: Mexican, Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspectives on American Politics (1992); Pursuing Power: Latinos and the Political System (1997); Hispanics and the US Political System: Moving into the Mainstream (2008), and four editions of New Mexico Government (1976, 1981, 1994, 2006). He has presented numerous papers and served as a discussant at many professional conferences and conventions and has been a consultant to many civic, political and educational organizations, including the Educational Testing Service.His involvement in the most extensive research project was as Co-Principal Investigator in the first nationally representative study of the political attitudes and behaviors of Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans—the Latino National Political Survey. The multi-year project (1987-1993) received over $2 million of grant support and involved door-to-door, in-person interviews of over 2,817 Latinos and 598 non-Latinos nationwide. Awards and honors
<mask> is the recipient of several awards and recognitions. References

Living people
1940 births
University of New Mexico presidents
University of New Mexico alumni
University of California, Davis alumni

masks:
. Chris Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Flaviano Perea Garcia
. Garcia
Flaviano Cresencio Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Francisco Montez
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia


text_chunks:
<mask> (27 February 1856 – 7 November 1928) was an Italian operatic baritone. He was called "King of Baritones". Early life

<mask> was born in Rome and brought up largely at Collebaccaro di Contigliano, a village near Rieti, where his parents had an estate. His grandfather, Giovanni, and uncle, Raffaele, were personal physicians to the Pope and his father, Cavaliere <mask>, was a professor of anatomy at the University of Rome. <mask> attended the Collegio Bandinelli and later the Istituto dell' Apollinare. <mask> dropped out of law school to study with Emilio Terziani (who taught composition) and with Venceslao Persichini (professor of singing) at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia—then the Liceo Musicale of Rome. <mask> worked with conductor Luigi Mancinelli and the composer Augusto Rotoli, and he consulted with baritone Antonio Cotogni, in an effort to refine his technique.Early career

Most of the following information about <mask> <mask>'s performance venues, dates and roles is drawn from The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera (second edition, 1980), edited by Harold Rosenthal and John Warrack, and The Record of Singing (Volume One, 1977), by Michael Scott. A 22-year-old Battistini made his operatic début at the Teatro Argentina, Rome, as Alfonso in Donizetti's La favorita on 11 December 1878. However, this date is erroneously given by many reference books and articles as correct, but reveals careless and repeated copying from faulty sources. It has been proven by the painstaking research of Jacques Chuilon that the date should most likely be replaced by Saturday, 9 November 1878. For full argumentation please see page 7 of the definitive Battistini biography <mask> <mask>, King of Baritones and Baritone of Kings, 2009 (The Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Md, USA), translation by E. Thomas Glasow; also to be found on page 17 of the author's original French edition Battistini, le dernier divo, 1996 (Editions Romillat, Paris). During the first three years of his professional career he toured Italy, honing his voice and gaining invaluable experience by singing principal roles in such varied operas as La forza del destino, Il trovatore, Rigoletto, Il Guarany, Gli Ugonotti, Dinorah, L'Africana, I Puritani, Lucia di Lammermoor, Aïda, and Ernani. He participated, too, in several operatic premières.In 1881 he went to Buenos Aires for the first time, touring South America for more than 12 months. On his return trip, he appeared in Barcelona and Madrid where he sang Figaro in Rossini's comic masterpiece Il Barbiere di Siviglia. His success in this was enormous and it marked the beginning of his ascent to major operatic stardom. In 1883, he undertook his first visit to the Royal Opera House at London's Covent Garden, where he appeared as Riccardo in Vincenzo Bellini's I Puritani in a stellar cast containing Marcella Sembrich, Francesco Marconi and Edouard de Reszke. He also sang opposite Adelina Patti, the leading soprano of her era, in other Covent Garden productions. In such exulted and entrenched company there was not much attention paid to a new, unheralded young baritone! However, he would receive much greater réclame in London during subsequent Covent Garden appearances in 1905–1906, when the now mature performer established himself as a darling of Edwardian-era high society due to his dashing vocalism and polished off-stage demeanour.Unlike his initial London experience, when <mask> made his debut at the important Teatro San Carlo in Naples in 1886, he scored an immediate triumph. Two years later, he once more sailed to Buenos Aires to fulfil a series of singing engagements; but this proved to be his last trans-Atlantic excursion, and he never appeared again in South America. He avoided North America, too, despite receiving overtures from the management of the New York Metropolitan Opera, where <mask>'s core repertoire was allocated in his absence to the Italian baritones Mario Ancona, Giuseppe Campanari, Antonio Scotti and, after 1908, Pasquale Amato. <mask> is said to have developed a permanent horror of oceanic travel due to his adverse experiences on that particularly rough 1888 voyage to Buenos Aires. Eighteen Eighty-Eight was a memorable year for <mask> in another way, however, for it proved to be the year of his début at Italy's foremost opera house—La Scala, Milan. La Scala's audiences acclaimed him and he was re-engaged for the next season. The Russian years

From 1892 onwards, <mask> established himself as an immense favourite with audiences at Russia's two imperial theatres in Saint Petersburg and Moscow: the Mariinsky and the Bolshoi respectively.He returned to Russia regularly, appearing there for 23 seasons in total, and touring extensively elsewhere in eastern Europe, using Warsaw as his stepping-stone. He would journey to Warsaw, Saint Petersburg, Moscow and Odessa like a prince, travelling in his own private rail coach with a retinue of servants and innumerable trunks containing a vast stage wardrobe renowned for its elegance and lavishness. Indeed, the composer Jules Massenet was prepared to adjust the role of Werther for the baritone range, when <mask> elected to sing it in Saint Petersburg in 1902, such was the singer's prestige. The industrious <mask> also appeared with some regularity in Milan, Lisbon, Barcelona, Madrid, Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Budapest and Paris (where he sang for the first time in 1907). But his many social connections in Russia, and the favour that he enjoyed with the imperial family and the nobility, ensured that Russia—more than perhaps even Italy—became his artistic home prior to the outbreak of the First World War, in 1914. The war led to the destruction, by the Bolsheviks in 1917, of the Tsarist regime and the aristocratic society which had enriched touring Italian opera stars like <mask> and his tenor compatriots Francesco Tamagno, Francesco Marconi and Angelo Masini. This history-shaping political development, coupled with <mask>'s refusal to sing in the Americas, meant that his career after the war's conclusion in 1918 was confined to Western Europe.Incidentally, <mask>'s choice of bride had befitted his esteemed social status in Tsarist Russia and the West: he married a Spanish noblewoman, Doña Dolores de Figueroa y Solís, who was the offspring of a marquis and a cousin of Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val. In January 1900, <mask> and a young Russian admirer, Varvara Grigorievna Kovalensky (1878–1946), had a son Petya (1900–1972). For around ten years, <mask> and Varvara corresponded and worked out details of Petya's upbringing, eventually enrolling him at the Collegio Nazareno under the name Pietro Kovalensky. Though mother and father never married (<mask> was already married and a devout Catholic) and broke off contact, they did reconcile after Varvara's husband Vladimir Mrosovsky died. By that point, Petya (now known by Peter Mrosovsky) had finished school in England and graduated from Cambridge, where he had been friends with Nabokov, even introducing him to James Joyce's Ulysses with a first edition smuggled from Paris. Final years and death

<mask> formed his own company of singers following the 1914–1918 war. He toured with them and appeared frequently in concerts and recitals.He sang in England for the final time in 1924, and gave his last concert performance one year before his death. His voice was reportedly still steady, responsive and in good overall condition. His last singing engagement occurred in Graz, Austria, on 17 October 1927. He withdrew to his estate at Collebaccaro di Contigliano, Rieti, dying there from heart failure  on 7 November 1928. <mask> also taught voice in later years; among his pupils were the Basque baritone Celestino Sarobe and the Greek baritone Titos Xirellis. Recordings

<mask>'s initial sequence of records were cut in Warsaw in 1902 for the Gramophone and Typewriter Company. He then, in the 1906–1924 period, recorded extensively for the Gramophone Co Ltd and its associated companies.His records were issued in the USA by Victor. <mask>'s last recording session took place during February 1924. The earliest of his discs feature a piano accompanist but his later sung offerings were backed by a small band of orchestral musicians and, occasionally, a few choristers. Selected reissues

On vinyl long-playing disc

EMI, the original producer, issued a complete Battistini collection late in the LP era, skillfully remastered from the original 78-rpm shellac discs by audio technician Keith Hardwick. On compact disc

<mask> <mask>: The Complete Recordings 1898–1924, 6 CDs, Marston Records 2015 (USA). The Complete Recordings: <mask> <mask>, Volume 1 (1902–1911), Romophone (UK). <mask> <mask>: a recital of arias by Mozart, Flotow, Donizetti, Gounod, Verdi, Ambroise Thomas, Preiser—Lebendige Vergangenheit (Austria).<mask> Battistini: Il Re dei Baritoni, Preiser—L.V. Austria; a 2-CD edition that boasts a discerningly chosen and well transferred cross-section of the singer's large recorded output. <mask> <mask>, Volumes 1–3, Pearl (UK). <mask> <mask> Rarities, Volumes 1–2, Symposium (UK). This singer is found, too, on many historical CDs devoted to vocal compilations. An appreciation of his recordings

<mask> <mask> was esteemed as one of the greatest of singers and even a cursory acquaintance with his many discs will make it clear why he was so celebrated by his contemporaries. Amongst the arsenal of vocal weapons that he displays on record were the perfect blending of his registers coupled with the sophisticated use of ornamentation, portamento and fil di voce, as well as an array rubato and legato effects.His art was perfected before the advent of "passion-torn-to-tatters" verismo opera in the 1890s, and together with the likes of Pol Plançon and Mario Ancona (and, to a lesser extent, Alessandro Bonci), he represented the twilight of the art of male bel canto singing on disc. Fortunately the sound of <mask>'s clear, high-placed and open-throated baritone voice took well to the primitive acoustic recording process with only his very lowest notes sounding pallid. He also handled the trying conditions of the early sound 'studios', with their boxy confines and wall-mounted recording funnel, much better than did many of his contemporaries, who often felt inhibited or intimidated by their uninspiring surroundings. His singing was considered to be 'old-fashioned', even in the circa-1900 era. Consequently, his discs provide a retrospective guide to Italian singing practice of the early-to-mid-19th century (the era of Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini)—as well as exemplifying the "grand manner" style of vocalism for which much Romantic operatic music was written. <mask> delivers this kind of music in a virile, bold and patrician way. He is not averse, however, to showing off his voice by prolonging top notes or embellishing the written score with a liberality that might surprise 21st-century listeners who are imbued with the modern notion that a composer's work is sacrosanct.For some inexplicable reason he eschews on disc one of the key vocal ornaments at the disposal of all thoroughly schooled 19th-century bel canto singers: the trill. Perhaps <mask>'s most historically illuminating recording is that of "Non mi ridestar", the Italian version of "Pourquoi me reveiller", a tenor aria from Massenet's Werther. Massenet transposed the protagonist's role downwards for baritone in a special version made especially for <mask>, harking back to an age when composers tailored their musical parts to fit the talents of one singer, and a singer of <mask>'s stature could make almost any modifications seem acceptable. For those listeners sampling <mask>'s discography for the first time, his touchstone recorded performances include versions of arias from Don Sebastiano, Macbeth, Don Carlos, Tannhäuser and L'Africana—plus a scintillating series of excerpts of Don Carlo's scenes from Ernani, arguably his greatest part, which he committed to wax in 1906. For an evaluation of <mask>'s technique, style and legacy on disc, see his entry in Volume One of Michael Scott's survey The Record of Singing (published by Duckworth, London, 1977, ). Bibliography

Elsa Boscardini, of the Istituto Eugenio Cirese in Rieti, has published a number of pamphlets about <mask>, namely:
<mask> <mask>, breve profilo storico-biografico (1980);
L'arte di <mask> <mask> (1981);
<mask> <mask> entusiasma le platee umbre (1993);
<mask> Battistini, il favorito di Pietroburgo (1994);
Mattia Battistini, interprete delle melodie di Donizetti (1998); plus
Dolores Figueroa y Solís, la esposa de Mattia Battistini (written in Spanish and illustrated). See also the following books:

Celletti, Rodolfo (1996): The History of Bel Canto.Oxford & London, Oxford University Press;

Celletti, Rodolfo (1964): Le grandi voci. Rome, Istituto per la collaborazione culturale;

Chuilon, Jacques (1996): Battistini Le Dernier Divo. Paris, Romillat, AND, an English-language edition of Chuilon's detailed book, translated by E. Thomas Glasow, with a new preface by Thomas Hampson, and including a CD with 19 titles, and numerous rare photos from Chuilon's private collection, namely, Chuilon, Jacques (April 2009): <mask> <mask>, King of Baritones and Baritone of Kings, Lanham, MD, USA, Scarecrow Press ;

Fracassini, G. (1914): <mask> Battistini. Milano, Barbini;

Karl Josef Kutsch and Leo Riemens, editors (2000): Großes Sängerlexikon Basel, Saur;

Lancellotti, A (1942): Le voci d' oro. Rome, Palombi;

Monaldi, G (1929): Cantanti Celebri. Rome, Tiber; and

Palmeggiani, Francesco (1977): <mask> <mask>, il re dei baritoni Milano, Stampa d' Oggi Editrice, 1949 (reprinted with discography, W.R. Moran, editor, New York, Arno Press). References

External links
 History of the Tenor / <mask> <mask> / Sound Clips and Narration 1989

1856 births
1928 deaths
Italian operatic baritones
People from the Province of Rieti
19th-century Italian male opera singers
20th-century Italian male opera singers
Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia alumni

masks:
Mattia Battistini
Battistini
Luigi Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Mattia
Battistini
Mattia
Battistini


text_chunks:
<mask> (?–?) was a 19th-century American educator from the U.S. state of Virginia. A proponent of the Froebelian method, she focused on kindergarten training schools, playground courses, and a mother's course. She is remembered for Miss <mask>'s Froebel School of Kindergarten Normal Classes. She is remembered as the founder of the Miss <mask>'s Froebel School of Kindergarten Normal Classes. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Richmond, Virginia, one of a family of nine children. Her father, <mask>, a successful hardware merchant in Richmond, was a native of Salem, Massachusetts.The mother, born Phoebe Cutler Chamberlain, was from New Hampshire, but had moved to Boston with her parents when she was a child. She was well educated and very active in church affairs in Boston. The parents agreed that a part of each year should be passed in Boston, the rest of the time being in spent at their Southern home in Richmond. While their children were still young, the family removed to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and, after some of the children were graduated from the Cambridge schools, the family removed to Boston. The mother believed that it would be important for <mask> to have a knowledge of the Froebelian principles of education, known as the Kindergarten System. While visiting a friend in Cambridge one day, she learned of a Kindergarten and Normal Class, which Madame Matilda H. Kreige and her daughter, Alma Kreige, from Berlin, had opened in Boston, they having been requested by their teacher, Baroness Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow, to come to the US and introduce this system of education. <mask> entered the school as a pupil in one of the first Normal Classes, and after a successful course of study, was graduated in June.Career
A summer kindergarten was offered to <mask>, which she accepted, she being one of the first pupils of Madame Kreige to teach. In the following autumn, an opportunity to teach a private kindergarten with a large salary was offered her in the West, which she accepted. Access was also given her to the private libraries of the influential people of the city. At the approach of spring, <mask> found that the climate did not agree with her, and felt obliged to give up her position and return to Boston. Not long after, a lady came to Boston to secure a teacher for a private school near New York City and <mask> was engaged for this position. One of the mothers, a patron, sending three children to the school, was so pleased that she invited <mask> to come to live in her home, which she did, and remained through one school year, teaching the older children music on kindergarten principles, at the same time that she was holding her position as teacher of the private school. At the close of this school year, <mask> was invited to visit the family at their summer home on the seashore.From there, she was called South by her father and mother, to assist in the disposition of some family property. She remained South through a part of the summer until this was accomplished, the family returning in the autumn to their own house in Boston. A parent who had heard of <mask> through Madame Kreige desired that she should open a private kindergarten at <mask>'s own house, saying she would secure pupils for her from her own friends, which she did. The arrangement pleased <mask> as she was able to do more for the children under this arrangement. Subsequently, a lengthy article appeared in the Boston Transcript, written by one of the pupil's mothers relating to <mask>'s work. As a result, there were many visitors to the kindergarten. An educator from Chicago, after a visit to the school, pronounced the education to be exemplary, and said that he would like to take some of the material as a means of rendering instruction to students in some of the higher levels.The class increased in numbers, until a larger room was needed. Here a Mothers' Class was started; and, as <mask> considered herself too much of a novice to assume the responsibility of this class, at her request Elizabeth Peabody took the charge. After one of the patrons of this school removed to Brookline, arrangements were made for an afternoon kindergarten to be established in her home to be run by <mask>. This kindergarten was carried on until the city classes had grown to such a size that they required <mask>'s full attention. Children were received from three years of age, until the age of 12. All the instruction was given upon Froebelian principles. In the meantime, the school had grown to such a size that a house was taken, and <mask> associated herself with a kindergarten-trained mother; they together undertaking the establishment of a Kindergarten Normal Class for young ladies.At this time it was deemed advisable to establish a school in a new location out of the city, with larger grounds. A location quite near Boston was decided upon and a kindergarten was soon started by <mask>, and after three years' time here again were the different classes above the kindergarten department. It was impossible to secure suitable rooms for the size of the school, and for this reason, for a time, the school was limited to nearly one-half, consequently the patrons decided to build a model building, with the understanding that <mask> should hire the building and carry on her school. During the summer, <mask> was often consulted as to the best arrangement of the building, and helped in its plans, she coming for this purpose several times from the seashore at Magnolia where she usually passed her summers, having nature-study classes, thus collecting specimens of sea flora, minerals, and so forth, for the fall classes of the new school. But when <mask> realized she would be unable to make it the model school she desired, or add to it her Kindergarten Normal Classes, she sought other opportunities. About this time, an urgent appeal came to <mask> from a Western city to accept the position of head instructor in a Kindergarten Normal Class, which had been started by the Free Kindergarten Association, and also as instructor in one of the free kindergartens, numbering 100 children, started that autumn, both of which she accepted. She was also very successful with the Normal Class.But the climate of that city, with its strong lake winds, was too severe for <mask>, and she was suddenly taken will with pneumonia. Upon her recovery, she was unable to resume her work there, so she returned to Boston After a short rest, she was advised to go to an inland city, and having an opportunity to purchase in Worcester a private school, of children from 3–12 years of age, she accepted, naming it the Froebel School, at the same time starting a Kindergarten Normal Class, being urged to do this by a member of the Massachusetts Board of Education, as there was no such Training School in Worcester. Her work there was successful, graduating large classes. <mask> also gave talks before different clubs in that city and elsewhere. After several years of successful work in Worcester, <mask> realized that she was shut off from many things with which she needed to keep in touch in order to grow. She then returned to her former home, Boston, where she would have certain advantages, and here re-established herself in her Kindergarten Normal Classes. Although urged by former pupils, being now parents, to again organize a kindergarten and school for children, she decided to give her time to the instruction of Normal Classes only (at the New Century Building) and to give talks before clubs.Miss <mask> <mask>'s Froebel School of Kindergarten Normal Classes
<mask>'s Froebel School of Kindergarten Normal Classes occupied the Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston. The aim of the school was to prepare young women as kindergarten, primary, and playground teachers, and to give non-professional courses. Supplementary classes were offered in history and principles of education, symbolic education, music, voice training, physical training applied to games; also special lectures by educators, observation and practice teaching, and a short course in Montessori methods. Affiliations
<mask> was a member of the American Froebel Union; this became the Kindergarten Department of the National Educational Association. She was a member of the Eastern Kindergarten Association, the National Education Association, the International Kindergarten Union, and the Women's Educational and Industrial Union. She was formerly a member of the Worcester Woman's Club, and helped to organize the Women in Council Club, Roxbury, Massachusetts. She belonged to Trinity Church, Boston.References

Attribution

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
American women educators
Educators from Virginia
19th-century American women
Founders of schools in the United States
Women founders

masks:
Annie Coolidge Rust
Annie Coolidge Rust
Annie Coolidge Rust
Annie Coolidge Rust
Thomas Adams Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Rust
Annie Coolidge
Rust
Rust
Rust


text_chunks:
Josef "<mask><mask> (May 9, 1882 – June 19, 1933) was a Ukrainian-born chazzan (cantor) and composer. He was regarded as the greatest cantor of his time. Biography
<mask> was born on May 9, 1882, in Bila Tserkva, Russian Empire. The scion of a long line of cantors, Rosenblatt's devoutly religious upbringing prevented him from receiving formal musical training at any of the great academies of his day. He began his career as a member of the local synagogue choir. Quickly lauded as a "wunderkind", or child prodigy, Rosenblatt's solo career was launched. At the age of 7, he moved with his family to Sadigora, Bukovina (Austria).When he was 17 years old, <mask> went to Vienna for several months, during which he officiated in the largest synagogues of the city. He informally studied with Jacob Maerz, an accomplished singer and musician as well as a wealthy merchant. <mask>'s stay in Vienna was followed by an extensive tour of the communities of the Austro-Hungarian empire including Budapest. At 18 he married Taube Kaufman and accepted his first full-time position at the Chasidic community of Munkacs, Hungary. Shortly afterwards, in 1901, he relocated to Pressburg (Bratislava). Five years later he occupied a position in Hamburg, Germany. In 1912, he moved to Harlem to take a position at the Ohab Zedek orthodox congregation.In August 1927, he left his position at the Ohab Zedek congregation. During the following High Holy Days, he led the services in a hall in Chicago and, on Sukkot, in Detroit. During the succeeding months, he traveled throughout the United States, leading services in cities such as Minneapolis, Seattle, Indianapolis, Columbus, Milwaukee, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. In Washington, D.C., he met with then-President Calvin Coolidge. In 1928, he signed a 10-year contract with First Congregation Anshe Sfard, located in Borough Park, Brooklyn. Rosenblatt's fame extended beyond the Jewish world earning him large concert fees, a singing role in the 1927 film The Jazz Singer, and the sobriquet "The Jewish Caruso". Bankruptcy
In the early 1920s, Rosenblatt was approached by two men who wanted to start a new Jewish newspaper in New York – they asked him to be a part of the enterprise.It excited him. He thought it would lead to a lot of money and at last financial freedom, so he signed on. But by signing on, he signed on as what appears to be a guarantor of the financial success of the venture. It was not financially successful, Rosenblatt used up his savings as well as a lot of his current income, but the creditors kept gaining on him. In January 1925, the  failure of the newspaper venture forced <mask> <mask> to file for bankruptcy. Although legally freed of most of his debts, he vowed to repay them anyway. <mask> was then offered a chance to participate in the making of a film in Mandatory Palestine.Although payment would depend again on the financial success of the film, he decided to take another chance. For one thing, it would get him away from his creditors, and for another, it would allow him to see Palestine, where he had never been. With his wife and two youngest children (some of his older children were adults, and they took in their other younger siblings to permit their parents to travel), he went to Palestine, where he decided he would stay, although he apparently was not sure he could support himself in this small colony. Death
He died of a heart attack at the age of 51 on June 19, 1933, in Jerusalem. Style

He was known for his extraordinary technique, for the sweetness of his timbre, and for his unique ability to transition from normal voice to falsetto with hardly any noticeable break at all. His technique in cantillation was unique. Notes were hit remarkably accurately at high speeds.Fiorituras, similarly, were struck near perfectly, both rhythmically and on pitch. His fame spread so far that Toscanini appealed to him to sing the leading role in Fromental Halévy's La Juive, but Rosenblatt replied that he would only use his vocal gift for the glory of God, in service to his religion. Notably, he turned down a "golden hello" from the Chicago opera house because it violated his religious principles. Rosenblatt corresponded with many of the great tenors of his day. It is told that upon hearing Rosenblatt sing "Elli Elli", Enrico Caruso was so moved that he ascended the stage and kissed him. Legacy
Rosenblatt perhaps exerted the greatest influence on cantorial music's "Golden Age". He led the transition from the more freestyling cadenza-laden approach prevalent before his era to a more structured, metered style.Rosenblatt pioneered the use of several cantorial techniques which have subsequently been adopted by cantors around the world. These include his trademark krekhts, or sob in which he would deliberately allow his voice to crack to convey the emotion of what he was singing. He also developed a realistic soprano falsetto as a method of easing the strain on his overworked voice. A prolific composer, more than one hundred and eighty pieces of his have been preserved. Rosenblatt's great-grandsons include Rabbi Dr. <mask> of the Riverdale Jewish Center and Rabbi Andrew <mask> of Congregation Schara Tzedeck in Vancouver. Since the 78 RPM era, Rosenblatt's recordings have been re-issued many times in LP and CD format. In recent years, a set of 3 CDs Od Yosef Chai containing restored versions of 78s of Rosenblatt's performances has been issued by Mostly Music and Galpaz Music, a Brooklyn record store.Rosenblatt's records and singing were featured in the 2009 drama A Serious Man. External links

 <mask> <mask>, Selected Recitatives (sheet music)
 David Olivestone: Standing Room Only. The Remarkable Career of Cantor <mask> Rosenblatt
 First Chazzanut Online article on "Yosef (Yossele) Rosenblatt"
 Second Chazzanut Online article on "Yosef (Yossele) Rosenblatt"
 "The Man with the $50,000 Beard: How a cantor became an American music legend"
 <mask> recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. <mask> <mask>'s Bankruptcy

References

1882 births
1933 deaths
Jewish American musicians
Hazzans
American male composers
20th-century American composers
Columbia Records artists
Ukrainian Jews
American Orthodox Jews
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American emigrants to Israel
People from Bila Tserkva
Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
Jewish Israeli musicians
People from Borough Park, Brooklyn
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
Jewish Ukrainian musicians

masks:
Yossele
" Rosenblatt
Rosenblatt
Rosenblatt
Rosenblatt
Yossele
Rosenblatt
Israel Rosenblatt
Jonathan Rosenblatt
Rosenblatt
Yossele
Rosenblatt
Yossele
Josef Rosenblatt
Yossele
Rosenblatt


text_chunks:
<mask> (; lived 17 November 1886 – 21 April 1940) was a Hungarian-born rabbi, historian and historical geographer in Mandatory Palestine. Biography
Born in Hungary to Idel Hertzfeld and to <mask>, a rabbi of Szilas-Balhas in western Hungary, he initially received a traditional Jewish education (1893–1897), graduating from the Government Gymnasium at Budapest in 1905. From there he went on to study at the Jewish Theological Seminary in Berlin where he was ordained in the rabbinate. From 1906 to 1909, he was enrolled at the Hochschule für Wissenschaft des Judentums, and in the Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Berlin, before advancing to Heidelberg University where he wrote a thesis entitled: Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galiläas (Leipzig 1909) (Contributions to the Geography and History of Galilee), his first important contributions to the science of Historical Topography of the Holy Land. In it, he gave an incisive analysis of the topographical and historical material preserved in the liturgical poems of Kalir, and by which novel work he received in 1909 his PhD. He served as a rabbi in the city of Tuzla in Bosnia from 1909 to 1913, during which time, in 1911, the Association for Jewish Studies in Berlin awarded him a research grant of 500 Marks which enabled him to conduct research in Palestine. After he had taken a wife in 1913, he then served as the rabbi of the town of Érsekújvár (Nové Zámky) (1913-1928).During the First World War, <mask> was conscripted in the Austro-Hungarian army as a rabbi, and became the patron and benefactor of some 200 refugees who came to Nové Zámky in search of a new life. In 1924, <mask> became the first professor of the newly opened Institute of Jewish Studies, which was to form part of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1927, <mask> was an instructor at the Hebrew Pedagogical Institute in Vienna, an institute involved in training of Hebrew teachers for the countries of Central Europe and the Balkans. In 1929 he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine where he began work as Professor of Geography of the Land of Israel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and worked in this capacity until his death. While at the Hebrew University, <mask> was chairperson of the Historical Topography of Palestine. He is the author of many books and articles, both in Hebrew and in German, mostly treating on the subject of historical geography. <mask>'s research on the geography of the Land of Israel has helped promote a greater understanding of the map of ancient Israel / Palestine, and whose works have been incorporated in Hebrew schools in the Diaspora and in Israel.Death and legacy
In Mandatory Palestine, he became a member of the Hebrew Language Committee, as well as participated in committees on Geography and Archaeology. In his final years, he served as the President of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, a consortium of British Mandate scholars. He died at the age of 53 in his home in the Bukharim quarter of Jerusalem on the eve of Passover, 1940, and was buried at the cemetery on the Mount of Olives. Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, William F. Albright, and David Yellin wrote moving eulogies of the man upon his death. In the words of Albright: "<mask> represents Jewish philological research at its best; his erudition was exhaustive, covering Graeco-Roman as well as Hebrew and Aramaic sources; his critical judgment was sound and highly developed; his acumen and insight into complex historical and topographical situations were unsurpassed among specialists in the field." <mask>'s greatest contribution to scholastic research is his identification of old place names in Palestine during the classical period, drawn principally from the Hebrew Bible, Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud, and from the writings of Josephus in transliterated Greek form, as well as from other epigraphic texts of antiquity. Published works (partial list)
 <mask> (n.d.).Weinstock, Feigenbaum und Sykomore in Palästina (The Vine, Fig Tree and Sycamore in Palestine), (publisher unknown)
 Ditto  (1908). "Der hebräische Name der Battof-Ebene", in: Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (ZDPV – Journal of the German Society for Exploration of Palestine)
 Ditto  (1909). "Barajta der vierundzwanzig Priesterabteilungen" (Baraitta of the Twenty-Four Priestly Divisions), in: Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galiläas, Leipzig (reprinted in Vienna in 1924) ()
 Ditto  (1909). Galiläa - Beiträge zur Geschichte und Geographie Galiläas (Contributions to the History and Geography of Galilee), Rudolf Haupt: Leipzig
 Ditto  (1910). Zur Topographie des alten Palästina: (Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen zu Thomsens Loca sancta), Wiesbaden
 Ditto  (1912). "The Estates of R. Juda Ha-Nasi", in: JQR
 Ditto  (1914). "Das Ostjordanland in den halachischen Midraschim" (The East Bank of the Jordan in Halakhic Midrashim), in: Festschrift D. Hoffman, Berlin
 Ditto  (1915)."Hebräische Ortsnamen bei Josephus" (Hebrew place names in Josephus), in: MGWJ (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism), vol. 59, Breslau ()
 Ditto  (1915). "Tiberias" (טבריא), in: Ha-Zofeh me-Eretz Hagar (הצופה מארץ הגר), vol. 4, pp. 49–64
 Ditto  (1917). "Zur Geographie Palästinas in der Zeit der Mischna" (On the Geography of Palestine in the time of the Mishnah), in MGWJ (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism), vol. 61, issue 4/6, in: Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, pp.133-149  ()
 Ditto  (1920). Jüdisch-Palästinisches Corpus Inscriptionum (Jewish-Palestinian Inscriptions), Vienna and Berlin
 Ditto  (1922). Eretz Yisrael: Geography of Israel for High Schools and for the People (ארץ ישראל -- גיאוגרפיה של ארץ ישראל לבתי ספר תיכוניים ולעם), Menorah: Vienna
 Ditto  (1922). Jeschurun
 Ditto  (1923). Palästina-Studien (מחקרים ארצישראליים), in 3 volumes, Menorah: Vienna
 Ditto  (1923). "Neue Beiträge zur Geschichte und Geographie Galiläas" (New Contributions to the History and Geography of Galilee), in: Palästina-Studien (vol. 1, issue 1), Menorah: Vienna ()
 Ditto  (1923)."The Topography of the Land of Israel" (החומר הטופוגרפי לא"י), in: Ishtori Haparchi's Kaftor Vaferach ("Book of Button and Flower"), Budapest
 Ditto  (1923). "Derekh Hof Hayam" ("Die Küstenstrasse Palästinas" - The coastal road of Palestine), in: Written Works of the University and Library in

masks:
Samuel Klein
Avraham Zvi Klein
Klein
Klein
Klein
Klein
Klein
Samuel Klein
Klein
Samuel Klein


text_chunks:
 Jerusalem, Jerusalem
 Ditto  (1923). "Drei Ortsnamen in Galiläa" ("Three place names in Galilee"), in: MGWJ (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism), vol. 67, issue 7/9, in: Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, pp. 202-205  ()
 Ditto  (1925). Jewish Transjordan: From the time of the Second Temple until the last century of the Middle Ages (עבר הירדן היהודי: מזמן בית שני עד המאה האחרונה של ימי הביניים), Menorah: Vienna
 Ditto  (1926). Three Good Gifts (שלש מתנות טובות), Jerusalem
 Ditto  (1927)."Meḥqarim be-firqē hay-yaḥas šeb-be-sēfer diḇrē yay-yāmīm" (), in: Zion: Me’asef II, p. 9
 Ditto  (1928). "Galiläa von der Makkabäerzeit bis 67" (Galilee of the Maccabees until 67), in: Palästina-Studien (vol. 1, issue 4), Vienna ()
 Ditto  (1928). "Four Ancient Palestinian Place-names", in: Yerushalayim (ירושלים), Journal of the Jewish Palestinian Exploration Society, vol. in memory of A.M. Lunce, Jerusalem
 Ditto  (1928). Studies on the Genealogical Chapters in the Book of Chronicles (מחקרים בפרקי היחס שבספר דברי-הימים), Jerusalem
 Ditto  (1929). "Zur Midrasch-und Palästinaforschung" (On Midrash and Palestine research), in: Palästina-Studien (vol.2, issue 2), Berlin
 Ditto  (1929). "Das tannaitische Grenzverzeichnis Palästinas" (The Tannaitic Boundary Index of Palastina), in: HUCA V (German) (reprint from 1928 Menorah: Vienna - Berlin, published in Palästina Studien) ()
 Ditto  (1930). "Narbatta und die jűdischen Siedlungen westlich von Samaria" (Narbatta and the Jewish settlements west of Samaria), in MGWJ (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism); Palästina-Studien (vol. 2. issue 6) ()
 Ditto  (1930). "Notes on Topography" (לטופוגרפיה), in: Tarbiẕ (Journal), Mandel Institute for Jewish Studies: Jerusalem, pp. 127–131 (Hebrew) () ()
 Ditto  (1931). "Yanuh", in: Encyclopedia Judaica, vol.8, p. 575
 Ditto  (1931). "Inschriftliches aus Jaffa" (Inscriptions from Jaffa), in MGWJ 75 (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism)
 Ditto  (1933). The Twenty-four City Councils in Judea (ארבע ועשרים בולאות שביהודה), Vienna (in memory of R. Zvi Peretz Chayot)
 Ditto  (1933). Those leaving the Land of Israel [for Babylonia] and Rabbah the son of Bar Hana (On the subject of Eretz Israel) [ה'נחותי' ורבה בר בר חנה - על ענייני ארץ ישראל], Jerusalem
 Ditto  (1934). "Notes on History of Large Estates in Palestine" (לקורות "האריסות הגדולה" בארץ ישראל), in: (Journal) Yediot - Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society (ידיעות החברה לחקירת ארץ-ישראל ועתיקותיה), Volume 1, Jerusalem, pp. 3–9
 Ditto  (1934). "The Cities of the Priests and the Levites, and the Cities of Refuge" (ערי הכהנים והלויים וערי מקלט), in: Qovetz: Journal of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, Jerusalem - Tel-Aviv [Hebrew].Ditto  (1934). "Itinerarium Burdigalense" ("Bordeaux Itinerary"), in: Journal: Zion O.S. 6
 Ditto  (1935). "On the Kings of Canaan" (לפרשת מלכי כנען), in: Qovetz: Journal of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, 2nd year, volumes 1–4
 Ditto  (1935). The History of the Jewish Settlement of Palestine, from the Redaction of the Talmud to the Palestine Settlement Movement (תולדות הישוב היהודי בארץ-ישראל: מחתימת התלמוד עד תנועת ישוב ארץ ישראל) Reprinted post-mortem in Tel-Aviv 1950
 Ditto  (1935). "Remarks, Julis. ", in: Yediot - Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society (ידיעות החברה לחקירת ארץ-ישראל ועתיקותיה).Ditto  (1937). The History of Palestine Exploration in Hebrew and Universal Literature (תולדות חקירת ארץ ישראל בספרות העברית והכללית)
 Ditto  (1937). The Question of the Torah in the Words of the Prophets (לשאלת דברי התורה בפי הנביאים), Budapest
 Ditto  (1937). Cities Enclosed by a Wall from the Time of Joshua bin Nun (ערים מוקפות חומה מימות יהושע בן נון), Jerusalem
 Ditto  (1937). "Vitae Prophetorum" (Life of the Prophet), Sefer Klausner
 Ditto  (1938). "The Letter of Rabbi Menahem of Hebron", in: Bulletin of the Jewish Palestinian Exploration Society (BJPES) VI
 Ditto  (1938). "Some Notes on the Excavations at Beth Sheʿarim (Sheikh Abreiq)" (הערות אחדות למאמריהם של מייזלר ושובה על החפירות בבית שערים), Yediot - Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, vol.5, pp. 109–116
 Ditto  (1938). "A Chapter in Palestine Research towards the End of the Second Temple", in: Magnes Anniversary Book (edd. Jacob N. Epstein, et al. ), Jerusalem, pp. 216–223
 Ditto  (1939). Sefer Ha-Yishuv (ספר הישוב) (The Book of the Yishuv: A treasure of information and records, inscriptions and memoirs, preserved in Israel and in the people in the Hebrew language and in other languages on the settlement of the Land of Israel), 2 vols, Bialik Institute: Jerusalem / Devir Publishers: Tel-Aviv ()
 Ditto  (1939)."Comments on the Words of Israel's Sages" (הערות לדברי חז"ל), in: Journal Sinai (ed. Y.L. Hacohen Fishman), Jerusalem [Hebrew]
 Ditto  (1939). Judaea: from the Return of the Babylonian Exiles to the Redaction of the Talmud ( ארץ יהודה: מימי העליה מבבל עד חתימת התלמוד), Devir: Tel-Aviv
 Ditto  (1939). "Targumische Elemente in der Deutung biblischer Ortsnamen bei Hieronymus" (Aramaic Translation Elements in the Interpretation of Biblical Place Names by Jerome), in: Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums (MGWJ), Jahrg. 83 (Monthly Journal for the History and Science of Judaism)
 Ditto  (1945). Land of the Galilee: From the Time of Babylonian Immigration until the Redaction of the Talmud, ed.Yehuda Elitzur, Mossad Harav Kook: Jerusalem (reprinted in 1949; published post-mortem)
 Ditto  (1950). Toledot ha-Yishuv, Tel-Aviv (reprinted from 1935 edition, published post-mortem)
 Ditto  (1965). The Borders of the Land - Researches (Heb. גבולות הארץ - מחקרים), co-edited with Naphtali Zvi (Hirsch) Hildesheimer, Jerusalem. Published post-mortem ()
 Ditto  (1971). "Jüdisch-palästinisches Corpus Inscriptionum" (Jewish-Palestinian Inscriptions), in: Ossuar-, Grab-, und Synagogeninschriften (Ossuary, Tomb, and Synagogue Inscriptions), published post-mortem, a reprint of 1920 Vienna edition

References

External links

1886 births
1940 deaths
Mandatory Palestine
Historical geographers
Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty
Palestinologists
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian emigrants to Israel
Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
Rabbis in Jerusalem
Topographers
Epigraphers
Rabbis in Mandatory


text_chunks:
<mask> (9 April 1899 – 25 March 1975) was a Carnatic vocalist whose stage performing career spanned the 1920s to the 1940s. After retirement from the stage, he remained an iconic figure in Carnatic music as a dedicated teacher and leader in the Carnatic community. His bhava-laden renditions of Carnatic songs have become the measuring stick for generations of Carnatic vocalists. <mask> is one of the giants of Carnatic music in this century. Early life - career

<mask> was born in Bommalapalayam in the Trichy district of Tamil Nadu. His father, Sankara Sastry was a Sanskrit pandit. One of three siblings, he lost his mother, Seethalakshmi, as a boy and his sister Rajathi passed when she was but a child.His family was poor—in later life <mask> seldom spoke about those early years. He married Nagalakshmi when he was 14 years old. <mask> <mask> <mask> learned to fluently speak, read and write in English when he was 17. Inspired by the singing of a popular acting star of those days, S. G. Kittappa, he decided to become a musician. Like Kittappa, <mask> had a strong vocal range in the higher octaves, and could imitate the former's hit songs with ease. <mask> <mask> <mask>'s initial training in music was under S. Narayanaswamy <mask> for two years, before moving to Chennai for more serious studies with violinist Karur Chinnaswami <mask>. Due to a lack of time to devote to teaching, Chinnaswami sent him to become the disciple of renowned vocal teacher T.S.Sabhesa <mask> who lived in Purasawalkam. <mask> <mask> <mask>  trained with him for 9 years in the guru shishya parampara, learning his guru's particular way of performing neraval that <mask> <mask> <mask> would later become famous for. He made his debut in Chennai in 1920. His name was announced as "<mask> <mask> of Musiri" and the name stuck. (As per tradition in India, the town the artist hails from is sometimes added as a prefix to ones name, honoring the town while simultaneously giving a distinction of a specific geographical nature to the artist, such as Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, etc.) Given that Musiri was not born in Musiri, accounts differ as to why the name Musiri was added to his name. Musiri once stated that it was simply because Musiri was a more well known location than Musiri's home town of Bommalapalayam, and easier to say as a prefix.Whatever the case, <mask> <mask> <mask>  was a prolific and expert performer, and within 10 years his reputation as a master musician across India was sealed. In his career, the popularity of Musiri and his name reached every corner of India. His 78 rpm gramophone records were successful to the point that the audience would sometimes demand he sing songs in the exact way as heard on the record. Beginning with the krithi Nagumomu, everything Musiri recorded were best sellers. Nagumomu was a song that, previous to Musiri, was only sung in the Abheri raga, as India's Trinity composer Tyagaraja is thought to have composed it in Abheri. However, <mask> <mask> <mask>  felt that the song sounded more emotional in the Karnataka Devagandhari raga, (a similar but subtly different raga) and he sang and recorded Nagumomu with Karnataka Devagandhari. Carnatic music is an exacting music that places large importance on tradition.Therefore, <mask> <mask> <mask>'s rendition of the song in a different raga than it was originally written caused outrage in many Carnatic musical purists. But <mask> stuck to his decision. Given that <mask> was a devotee of Tyagaraja, taking liberty with Tyagaraja's song was out of freedom of spontaneous expression and not out of irreverence. As a point of fact, Nagumomu sounded so suited to Karnataka Devagandhari raga that everyone began to perform it in the "Musiri Subramania Iyer way", artists such as Bangalore Nagarathnamma, M. S. Subbulakshmi, and Bhanumathi Ramakrishna. Other songs that became popular and became recognizable through Musuri's signature touch were Enta vetukondu in Saraswathi Manohari raga, Enthu daginado in todi raga, Tiruvadi caranam in Kambhoji, Enraikki shiva kripai in Mukhari, and Vritta shenjadai ada, a ragamala. <mask> <mask> <mask>  acted in the role of Sant Tukaram in the eponymous film. Though the film is out of print, <mask> <mask> <mask> 's songs in the film have stood the test of time.<mask> <mask> <mask>  did not like acting in the film, citing that acting with women, make up and bright lights made him uncomfortable. <mask> <mask> <mask> 's guru also warned him against acting in the film, knowing that <mask> <mask> <mask>  had struggled with lung illness in the past, and the damp climate in Coimbatore might affect his health. For financial reasons, <mask> accepted the acting part. The exertions he underwent during the making of the film is thought to have resulted in lifelong lung trouble for <mask> <mask> <mask>, forcing his early retirement from live performance in 1945 at 46 years of age. Though retired from the concert circuit, <mask> <mask> <mask>  was active in many Carnatic music affairs throughout India. He was appointed as the first principal of the Central College of Carnatic Music, Chennai in 1949. During his tenure, he influenced a whole generation of musicians, retiring in 1965.He was also the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of Sri Tyagaraja Brahma Mahotsava Sabha, and was responsible for organizing the annual aradhana of Tyagaraja's passing, at his samādhi in Thiruvaiyaru. The annual celebration of Tyagaraja's music is the largest musical gathering in India, and continues to this day. <mask> <mask> <mask> is also credited for his key role in the unification of various factions associated with the Aradhana. In another instance, during a function, Ganesan <mask>, a leading lawyer during that time in Dindukkal also an ardent Karnatic rasika happened to sing in the presence of <mask> <mask> <mask>i. After he completed his song, someone had asked <mask> <mask> <mask> to rate the performance. Not quite impressed by the performance, <mask> <mask> <mask> ready vittedly said his singing was comparable to how <mask> <mask> <mask> would have performed as an advocate. This was quoted by Ganesan <mask> on many occasions.Place in Carnatic music

Renowned for his high pitched voice and tonal purity (known in Carnatic music as sruti), <mask> <mask> <mask>  was considered a great exponent of bhava, bringing out the full emotional content of each krithi that he sang. His patanthara of several krithis has his special stamp, which can be easily recognized when they are rendered by his disciples. He was a specialist in neraval singing and also vilamba sangitham, a slower tempo song designed to exude tranquility and bring out the full emotional content of the ragas and krithis that he rendered. Semmangudi Srinivasa <mask>, who was a contemporary of <mask> <mask> <mask>, said "<mask> <mask> <mask>  brought gauravam (dignity) to our profession." He also heralded <mask>'s dedication to bhava by saying "He used to be so lost in bhava that he never thought of evoking any response." In the All India Radio archives catalog, this introduction was written: "Vocalist of mesmerizing melodies <mask> <mask> <mask>, was the repository of pathos, piety and poignancy. He was more at home in the pristine heights of upper octave than at any other.The enlightened and the lay had always rushed to the concert hall to hear the soulful melody of <mask> <mask> <mask> which had become the subject to talk in innumerable households. His audience got soaked in emotions and feelings that were at once human and divine." <mask> <mask> <mask>  was not only a respected musician but also a sought-after teacher. His special contribution is the number of disciples he trained in his own home, all of whom have attained distinction in their own right. In fact his shishya parampara is so well recognized, his style of rendering krithis has come to be known as the Musiri School. Well known disciples include N. Rajam Musiri M.R.Gopala Rathnam, T. K. Govinda Rao, Bombay Sisters C. Saroja & C. Lalitha, Thylamba Krishnan, Mani Krishnaswamy, K. S. Venkataraman, Suguna Purushothaman and Suguna Varadachari. The <mask> <mask> <mask> Bani is carried out to the next generation by these great Vidwans and Vidushis.Some of the students under <mask> <mask> <mask>  Bani are Vocalists Kum K. Gayatri, Kum. Vidya Kalyanaraman, Sakuntala Narasimhan, Sri. Prasanna Venkatraman, Jayam Venkateshwaran and others. Awards

Before the Sangeetha Kalanidhi award existed, the highest honor possible in 1939 was to be invited as the President of the Annual Conference by the Madras Music Academy. <mask> <mask> <mask>  was invited to be President of the Annual Conference that year, and was awarded the Sangeetha Kalanidhi by the Music Academy of Chennai as soon as the award came into being in 1942. <mask> <mask> <mask>  was only 39 when he received it, a record that was bested by Semmangudi who received the award at the age of 38 in 1947. In 1963 he was awarded the Isai Perarignar from the Tamizh Isai Sangam.The Indian Fine Arts gave him the Sangita Kala Shikhamani in 1966. In 1967, he was made a Fellow of the Sangit Natak Academy. The President honored him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971. Roads have been named after him in Tamil Nadu, and national postage stamps have been issued bearing his portrait in 1999. References

Further reading
V. Sriram. Carnatic Summer: Lives of twenty great exponents, pp. 49–62 East West Books, Madras 2004 (2007 Edition)
 The Hindu: Musiri for Bhava Friday Review Chennai and Tamil Nadu, 24 March 2006
Ramanathan, Dr. R.  Sruti Magazine, The intellectual Approach,  January 2010
MusicIndiaOnline

Male Carnatic singers
1899 births
1975 deaths
People from Tiruchirappalli district
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
20th-century Indian male classical singers
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Singers from Tamil Nadu

masks:
Musiri Subramania Iyer
Musiri Subramania Iyer
Musiri Subramania Iyer
Musiri
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Iyer
Iyer
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Musiri
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer


text_chunks:
<mask> (23 August 1970 – 21 May 2021) was an Indonesian politician from the Golkar party. He held the office of the Regent of Mimika from 2001 until 2006 and again from 2008 until 2013. He won the 2013 election for Vice Governor of Papua and was installed in office on 9 April 2013. <mask> won re-election in 2018; his second term as Vice Governor ended abruptly due to his death on 21 May 2021. The Klemen Tinal Roller Sports Stadium in Jayapura Regency, used as venue for Indonesia's 2020 National Sports Week indoor roller skating tournament is named after him. Early life
<mask> was born on 23 August 1970 in Beoga, Puncak, as the son of Abdiel M<mask> and Elisabet Kibak. He began his education at the elementary and junior high school owned by the Jayawijaya Education Foundation in Tembagapura.After graduating from junior high school in 1985, <mask> moved to Bandung, where he attended the 1st Bandung High School. Tinal was elected as the chairman of the student body in his second year in the school and received the award as the best performing student body chairman in the same year. He graduated from the school in 1988. Career
<mask> returned to Papua after his graduation from high school. He started his career as an administrative supervisor at the Freeport Indonesia company in 1993. He resigned in 2001 to run for the Regent of Mimika. Political career

Regent of Mimika

Tinal won the elections for the Regent of Mimika office in the midst of 2001 and was installed in the office on 14 December 2001.At the time of his installation, <mask> was one of the youngest regents in Indonesia, assuming the office at an age slightly above the legal threshold of thirty years old. <mask> and his deputy, Methodius Mamapuku, were criticized by political researcher Ans Gregory da Iry for their lack of experience in bureaucracy. However, da Iry stated that both had sufficient experience in running social and non-governmental organizations. Tinal's early years were marred by clashes between supporters and opponents of the Central Papua Province, a new province that was proposed to be formed by splitting the province of Papua into two. Although a peace treaty between the two factions was signed in November 2003, there were threats to kidnap members of the Mimika parliament by both sides. During the 2004 Indonesian legislative election, disputes between the government and political party led to the vacancy of seven seats of parliament and the de facto dormancy of the parliament. Although the parliament speaker Vientje Tebay had been dismissed from his office on 26 November 2006 due to term expiration, Tebay and Tinal colluded to appoint their own members of parliament.The seven members were inaugurated on 12 November, sparking protests from political parties and provincial government. The dormancy went on for months and still had not been resolved, even after <mask>'s term as regent expired on 14 December 2006. The seven seats were finally filled on 29 December 2006 as a result of an agreement mediated by Governor of Papua Barnabas Suebu. <mask> ran again as a candidate for the Regent of Mimika in the 2008 local elections. During the electoral debates, Tinal shocked electoral observers due to his unrealistic goals, such as building trams similar to those in the Netherlands. Despite the unrealistic goals, <mask> was declared as the winner of the elections, with a margin of less than two thousand votes over the runner-up. The ballot counting process itself was marked with allegations of electoral fraud, as the number of votes exceeded the number of registered voters.Several months before his inauguration for the second term, a corruption case that involved <mask> and his wife during his first term was revealed through a financial audit report by the Audit Board of Indonesia. His wife became a fugitive after she was declared as a suspect in the case. Despite continuous calls by various parties to investigate the case before installing Tinal, the governor installed Tinal on 4 December 2008. His second term ended prematurely on 9 April 2013 due to his nomination as the vice governor of Papua. Vice Governor of Papua
<mask> was chosen as the running mate of Lukas Enembe, the regent of Puncak Jaya, for the 2013 Papuan gubernatorial elections. The pair was declared eligible to run by the General Elections Commission and managed to win the elections after obtaining 52% of the total votes. Enembe and <mask> were inaugurated for the office on 9 April 2013.<mask> and Enembe ran again as a pair and sought re-election after their term ended on 9 April 2018. The pair won re-election with more than two-thirds of the total votes. <mask> was installed for his second term on 5 September 2018. <mask> was elevated to the position of temporary governor of Papua after Governor Enembe departed to Singapore for medical treatment on 9 May 2021. <mask>, however, went on sick leave at that point. Songwriting
During his tenure as the Regent of Mimika, Tinal and Moluccan singer Melky Goeslaw composed a song titled "Eme Neme Yauware" ("In Brotherhood and Unity We Build"). The song became a popular song in Mimika and was sung on various occasions by the populace.Death
<mask> died two weeks after he left his post on sick leave. He died in the Abdi Waluyo Hospital, Jakarta, on 21 May 2021 at approximately 04.00 UTC+7. He died due to heart complications. His body was laid out at the Gatot Subroto funeral home several hours after his death. Various former and current cabinet members, such as Zainuddin Amali, Aburizal Bakrie, Airlangga Hartarto, Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita, Tito Karnavian, Akbar Tanjung, and Muhadjir Effendy, paid their final respects to <mask>. <mask>'s body was flown by a chartered flight from Jakarta to the capital of Papua, Jayapura, a day after his death. After his body arrived at Jayapura's Dortheys Hiyo Eluay International Airport on the morning of 22 May, a military ceremony led by the Commander of the Kodam XVII/Cenderawasih Major-General Ignatius Yogo Triyono was held at the airport's field.Afterwards, his body was transported to lie in state at the Papua State House. When several officials from the Papuan government visited the state house, several relatives of Tinal attacked the officials. The group also reportedly stoned the State House. The Spokesperson for the Governor of Papua stated that the stoning was not an act of violence but was part of a tradition by <mask>'s tribe. Papua police chief Inspector General Matius Fakhiri, who was one of the officials who visited the state house, likewise stated that the stoning was part of a tribal dance called the Waeta dance. After a day lying in state in Jayapura, <mask>'s body was transported to Mimika and arrived at Timika's Mozes Kilangin Airport on the afternoon of 23 May. A military ceremony was held at the airport's hangar before the body lay in state at the Timika State House.While the body was being transported from the airport to the State House, thousands of grieving Mimika citizens flocked the Timika State House to conduct a funeral prayer for Tinal. After the body arrived and was placed at the state house, the crowd attempted to enter the State House to pay their last respects for Tinal, but were blocked by soldiers who were guarding the State House. <mask>'s body was transported again to the Jemaat Betlehem GKII Church on the next day where a requiem was held for him. After the requiem commenced, his body was brought to his family's cemetery complex to be buried beside his parents grave in Timika. The funeral ceremony began at 14.00 local time and was led by the incumbent Regent of Mimika Eltinus Omaleng. In response to his death, the flag of Indonesia at the governor's office of Papua was flown half-mast for seven days. <mask>'s family received compensation amounting to one billion rupiahs from the government of Papua and one hundred million rupiahs from the Regent of Central Mamberamo.Simon, one of Tinal's relatives, stated that the compensation was shared immediately with funeral attendees. Family
<mask> <mask> was married to Stefra Sodora Dupuy. The couple had three children, Lidya <mask>, <mask>, and Daud <mask>. Notes

References

1970 births
2021 deaths
Indonesian politicians
Vice Governors of Papua
Mayors and regents of places in Papua (province)
Golkar politicians
People from Puncak Regency
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

masks:
Klemen Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
. Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Klemen
Tinal
Natalia Tinal
William Tinal
Solomon Tinal