text_chunks:
Anthony Moses Davis (born 22 August 1973), better known by his stage name <mask>, is a Jamaican dancehall deejay. Biography
Davis was born in the Waterhouse district of Kingston in 1973. He was involved in the music industry from a young age, started toasting at the age of five, and was encouraged by his uncle Sydney Knowles, who played drums for Jimmy Cliff. He won the Tastee Talent contest in 1981, and Radio DJ Barry G introduced him to local sound system operators, who helped to establish the popularity of the young deejay, who became known as <mask>. He recorded his debut single, "Too Fancy", with record producer Henry "Junjo" Lawes in 1981, with Lawes also including him on the 1983 album Junjo Presents Two Big Sounds alongside established stars such as Dillinger, Fathead, and Ringo. His debut album, The Invincible Beenie Man: The Ten Year Old DJ Wonder was produced by Bunny Lee and released in 1983, his first hit single following the same year with the Winston Holness-produced "Over the Sea". In 1984 Beenie <mask> recorded some material with Barrington Levy (released ten years later), but his music career was put on hold while he finished school, and spent time travelling to the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada.1990s return
<mask> <mask> continued performing and honed his craft beside the then dominant dancehall figures including Ninjaman, Admiral Bailey and Shabba Ranks. He found his artistic home at the Shocking Vibes studio where he continued to record singles with only moderate success in the early 1990s. His career gained momentum after a performance at the Reggae Sunsplash festival in 1992, and a rivalry with Bounty Killer began the following year after <mask> <mask> was accused of stealing Bounty Killer's style and catch phrases. The rivalry was captured on the 1994 album Guns Out, with the two artists settling the feud with a soundclash. <mask> <mask> had his first number one single in Jamaica in 1993 with "Matie" (Produced by Ephraim Barrett, Donovan and Dave Mills on the Shelly Power Records label) and he won the DJ of the Year Award the same year, the first of eight consecutive awards. International stardom
Partially as a result of prodding from his producers, Sly and Robbie, with whom he recorded cover versions of Bob Marley's "Crazy Baldhead" and "No Woman No Cry" in 1994, the latter a Jamaican chart-topper, <mask> <mask> converted to the Rastafari movement, as did several of his contemporaries at the time, although in 2005 he stated "I have not converted. I was baptised an Ethiopian Orthodox and at the age of 10 I became a Judah Coptic."In 1994, he was signed by Island Records and released the critically acclaimed album Blessed, which established his reputation internationally. In 1995 he toured the UK and joined up again with Barrington Levy to record an updated jungle version of Levy's "Under Mi Sensi". In 1995, <mask> <mask> collaborated with Dennis Brown and Triston Palma to release Three Against War and Mad Cobra and Lieutenant Stitchie on Mad Cobra Meets Lt. Stitchie & Beenie <mask>. He also collaborated with Lady Saw on "Healing", Sanchez on "Refugee", and Michael Prophet on "Gun 'n' Bass", further establishing his reputation. He took another step up the ladder in 1996, releasing the seminal Maestro, produced by Patrick Roberts and shot him to UK fame. During the period from the mid to late 1990s, <mask> <mask> dominated the Jamaican charts to the extent that he perhaps had a good claim to the crown of "Dancehall King", a title only bestowed previously on Yellowman in the early 1980s. <mask> <mask>'s first real break into the United States came in 1997.He heard an instrumental rhythm by an unknown producer named Jeremy Harding, and demanded to add his voice to the rhythm. So this was the birth of his first international hit; he recorded "Who Am I" and the single quickly went Gold. It opened the doors for the world to see a new reggae star in the pages of Newsweek and other major media outlets. The same year, <mask> <mask> topped the Jamaican singles chart with seven different singles. <mask> <mask> appeared as himself in the 1997 film Dancehall Queen. In 1998, <mask> <mask> headlined Reggae Sunsplash and signed to Virgin Records to release albums in the United States. His first American offering was The Doctor (1998).During the late 1990s, <mask> <mask> began his conquest of America with the hits, "Romie", "Who Am I", and "Girls Dem Sugar", which featured American R&B singer, Mýa. During this time he received an impressive number of international music awards including a MOBO Award for Best International Reggae Act in 1998,<ref name="Rodgers">Rodgers, Jennifer (1998) "Music: Toasting the many moods of <mask> <mask>", The Independent, 6 February 1998</ref> while remaining at the top of the local charts. In 2000, Beenie <mask> released Art & Life, which featured Arturo Sandoval and Wyclef Jean (The Fugees), for which received a Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album. In the same year he co-produced (with Wyclef Jean) the debut album by actor Steven Seagal. Beenie <mask>, like many dancehall artists, is outspoken on a number of social issues, as exemplified by songs such as "Steve Biko" and "Murderer". "Beenie <mask> blames government for problems". 31 October 2007.In 2002, he had a sizeable hit with a duet with Janet Jackson called "Feel It Boy", but his biggest break in America came in early 2004 with the release of a remix of "Dude", featuring guest vocals by fellow Jamaican Ms. Thing as well as rhymes by Shawnna. He thus cemented his fan base on both sides of the Atlantic. He had hits in the UK in 1998 with "Who am I" (#10), in 2003 with "Street Life" (#13) and "Feel It Boy" (UK #9), a duet with Janet Jackson, and in 2004 with "Dude" (#7) and "King of the Dancehall" (#14). Also in 2004, The Associated Press observed that <mask> <mask> had "become a name-brand artist worldwide" and called him "king of the dancehall reggae scene". He was also a judge for the 6th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. In April 2008, it was announced that <mask> <mask> was to co-write and star in the film Kingston. In October 2010, <mask> <mask> came out with the EP I'm Drinking Rum and Red Bull, which included four songs, "Im drinking Rum and Red Bull", "I'm Okay", and two versions of "Stack and Pile".He later released the full album on 28 February 2011. "Im Drinking Rum and Red Bull" features Future Fambo. In September 2008, <mask> <mask> was cleared of charges of tax evasion. "Beenie <mask> cleared of tax evasion", BBC, 1 October 2008

In April 2009, Beenie <mask> signed with Brookland Entertainment, a new record label formed by Eric Nicks and The Trackmasters, in preparation to release his new album The Legend Returns, the music video for the release of his new single "Gimme Gimme" being shot in Canada on 18 April 2009. The song "Let's Go" was released on the Overproof Riddim compilation album in 2011. In 2014, Beenie <mask> and long-term rival Bounty Killer put aside their differences and recorded a single together, "Legendary". The two performed a well-received Verzuz battle together on Instagram during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine on May 23, 2020.Around that time, Vibe described them as "two of the most legendary icons in dancehall." Personal life
<mask> <mask> married Michelle "D'Angel" Downer on 22 August 2006. In June 2007, <mask> <mask> separated from his wife. In March 2010, they released a duet single entitled "You Are My First", although at the time they were separated. The couple divorced in 2011. Controversy
Anti-gay lyrics
The lyrics to some of his songs have been criticised for inciting the murder of homosexuals. He was removed from the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards after protests by gay-rights activists.That same year, <mask> <mask> was stopped by police at Heathrow Airport in London, after the cancellation of a concert in the United Kingdom. He then issued an apology for the lyrics through his record company. In 2005, gay rights group OutRage! suspended their opposition to <mask> <mask> after he agreed not to play songs featuring homophobic lyrics, and he performed in London that year. The following year, he claimed his lyrics were anti-paedophilia, not against consensual homosexual relationships. In 2007, it was reported that <mask> <mask>, along with several other artists, had signed the Reggae Compassionate Act, an agreement to cease performances of anti-gay material. He later denied that he had signed the act.As of 2010, protests have continued to cause cancellations of his concerts in some countries, including New Zealand, Belgium and the Netherlands.Na Snoop ook geen Beenie <mask> op Parkpop. De Telegraaf. 21 June 2010. In 2012, Beenie <mask> apologized to the gay community for his earlier homophobic lyrics: "Let me make this clear and straight. I have nothing against no one. I respect each and every human being, regardless of which race or creed, regardless of which religious belief you believe in, and regardless of which sexual preference you are, including gays and lesbian people. I respect all human...Please I am begging you do not have me up for some songs I wrote a long time ago.I love each and every one and am just begging each and everyone to do the same." In other interviews, however, he was quoted making statements such as "I never apologized" and "I told them to leave us alone, to try to understand where we are coming from." In 2015 prior to coming to New Zealand for a concert, GayNZ.com news site asked <mask> <mask> about the homophobic lyrics in his earlier songs. He hung up the telephone without answering. Yellowman feud
In 2006, veteran deejay Yellowman publicly chastised <mask> <mask> for his hit "King of the Dancehall". Known as "King Yellowman" since the 1980s, the deejay took exception to <mask> <mask> proclaiming himself "king", as well as comments <mask> made regarding his appearance. Regarding the title of "king", Yellowman stated: "Him trying to make people feel like him was here before me, but him never deh here before me, because dem planning to do dem official crowning them claim say is an official crowning but dem a use some a di media as some of them organisation ...".Beenie <mask> made comments later that year in German-based Riddim Magazine, comparing Bounty Killer to Yellowman in appearance: "Bounty Killer is a great artiste and he's ugly, too. He's got a rough thing about him, Jamaicans like that from the Shabba Rankin' days and the King Stitt days and the Yellowman days. They like ugly people." Yellowman responded, "Him can diss me all him like, but him caan diss the Jamaican public. What kinda ting that him say inna Riddim magazine? If me ugly, him pretty, me know say me wear shirt, him wear blouse, me wear pants, him wear skirt." Legal Issues

 Court Case
On January 1, 2021, <mask> <mask> was charged for breaches of the Disaster Risk Management Act (DRMA) and the Noise Abatement Act after he held an event in Jamaica in violation of measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.Discography

Notes

References

Further reading
Wray, Milton: Who Am I? : The Untold Story of Beenie Man'', 2008, Great House/Omnimedia, Kingston, Jamaica,

External links
 Official website

1973 births
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Virgin Records artists
Island Records artists
Jamaican dancehall musicians
Reggae fusion artists
Grammy Award winners
Jamaican reggae musicians
Living people
Sony Music Publishing artists
VP Records artists
Greensleeves Records artists

masks:
Beenie Man
Beenie Man
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Man
Man
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Man
Man
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Man
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man
Beenie
Man


text_chunks:
<mask> (born March 23, 1971) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, author and painter who is the lead singer of the bands Centro-matic and South San Gabriel. Called "one of the most prolific artists in American indie rock", <mask> has also released solo records, and is a member of the bands Monsters of Folk, New Multitudes and Overseas, and has also performed as part of the Undertow Orchestra. Early life
<mask> was born in Kennett, Missouri. When he was 11 years old, his mother remarried and the family moved to Killeen, Texas. <mask> attended the University of North Texas, where he was involved in Denton's active music scene. He double-majored in English and elementary education. Music career

Early music
<mask> began playing drums, piano and sang in his church choir at an early age.After moving to Killeen, Texas, from Kennett, Missouri, he was a founding member and drummer for the jangle-rock band The Benjamins. They released two cassettes in 1988 and 1989 before <mask> left to attend the University of North Texas. While there, <mask> played in bands such as Polyester, Salt Lick, The Dooms UK, and was a founding member of Baboon. Funland
On Super Bowl Sunday 1991, <mask> joined Peter Schmidt and Clark Vogeler to form the band Melt, which changed its name to Funland in 1992. Funland signed with Arista Records that year, releasing the EP Sweetness in March 1993. The band toured regularly in the US and released its only full-length album, The Funland Band, on Steve Records in 1995. After five and a half years, Funland disbanded in June 1996.Centro-matic

Centro-matic began as a four-track cassette project when <mask> returned to college in May 1995. It was the first time he had written and sung songs, and later that year saw the release of the cassette Non-Directional Jetpack Race. A handful of 7-inch releases followed, and <mask> began playing live under the Centro-matic moniker in March 1996 as a solo performance with electric guitar and vocals. In December 1996, <mask> recorded the first Centro-matic full-length album, Redo The Stacks. <mask> played all the instruments except violin (Scott Danbom) and cello (Lindsay Romig), with a longtime friend Matt Pence engineering the lo-fi record. In February 1997, <mask> started performing full-band Centro-matic shows with Mark Hedman on bass guitar and Pence on drums. Choosing to keep things informal, the band's first rehearsal was held after its second show.In March 1997, Danbom joined the band on the piano, fiddle, bass guitar, and vocals. Centro-matic continued to record and tour extensively in the United States and Europe under the same lineup until deciding to disband in 2014. The band released ten albums and five EPs, plus several 7-inch recordings, cassettes, and compilation, and soundtrack appearances. The band worked with Jeff Powell, Anders Parker and Scott Solter. The full-lengths Navigational, B-sides compilation Static vs. The Strings Vol. 1 and All The Falsest Hearts Can Try was recorded at Jay Farrar's studio in Millstadt, Illinois.The band subsequently recorded most of its material at The Echo Lab in Argyle, Texas. South San Gabriel

With his Centro-matic bandmates, <mask> formed the band South San Gabriel in the spring of 2001. It resulted from Centro-matic wanting to collaborate with and include other musicians while experimenting with a more spacious and atmospheric approach to writing and recording. South San Gabriel has a fluid lineup, with the band performing with anywhere from 3–10 members. South San Gabriel has released three full-length albums, plus EPs and singles. Molina and <mask>

<mask> collaborated with songwriter Jason Molina for the joint album Molina and <mask>, released on the Secretly Canadian label in November 2009. They met by chance at the SXSW festival in Austin in 2003 or 2004.They recorded the album over a week and a half in early 2008. <mask> describes Molina as a "whirlwind of dedication and activity". Another collaboration was discussed but it never came to fruition before Molina's death in 2013. Undertow Orchestra

<mask> has performed as part of the Undertow Orchestra with David Bazan, Vic Chesnutt and Mark Eitzel. <mask> first met Chestnutt in 1999 in Dallas. Chesnutt was a fan of Eitzel's music, and the two were long-time friends. According to <mask>, Bob Andrews, the manager for the four musicians, had the idea in 2005 to create a band called the Undertow Orchestra from members of the Undertow Music Collective.<mask> said Chesnutt was adamant that the shows not feature any solo performances, with the members working to play each other's songs as backing musicians. Monsters of Folk

<mask> performed with indie supergroup Monsters of Folk as the drummer on a 2009 tour. The group included Jim James, Conor Oberst, M. Ward and Mike Mogis. The band toured the US and Europe and performed on PBS show Austin City Limits in October 2010. <mask> became an official member of the band during that time. New Multitudes

From 2009 to 2012, <mask> collaborated with Jay Farrar, Jim James, and Anders Parker on the Woody Guthrie archive project New Multitudes. The project involved the four songwriters setting music to Guthrie's unrecorded lyrics, and was recorded in several locations.The tribute album was released in 2012 with a short US tour following. Overseas

<mask> formed the band Overseas in 2009 with David Bazan and Matt and Bubba Kadane. An eponymous album was released in 2013. Other
As part of the Monsters of Folk, <mask> participated in Neil Young's Bridge School Benefit in 2009. At the benefit, <mask> reconnected with former babysitter and family friend Sheryl Crow, who is also from <mask>'s hometown. Writing
<mask> authored a novel If or When I Call which was published by Goliad Media and released on March 15th, 2021. Painting
An avid baseball fan as a child, <mask> roots for the St. Louis Cardinals.Since 2008 <mask> has produced several folk art paintings, mostly centering on the subject of baseball and its history. Commissions from friends eventually led to his work being exhibited in group and solo art shows. 4 (KDHX, 2006)
 "Just To Know What You've Been Dreaming" on We Have The Technology (Misra, 2006) [compilation also includes Centro-Matic]
 "Hearts" [Huey Lewis and The News cover] on Are You Still With Me?! Summer 2009
 Monsters Of Folk: Drums, Vocals Fall 2009
 Strand Of Oaks:  Drums, Stephen Colbert Show Appearance 2019

 Guest musician/vocalist
 Little Grizzly: Please Let Me Go, It Wasn't Meant To Be (1999)
 Little Grizzly: I'd Be Lying If I Said I Wasn't Scared (2001)
 Deathray Davies: Return of the Drunken Ventriloquist (2001)
 The pAperchAse: Hide The Kitchen Knives (2002)
 Drive-By Truckers: Brighter Than Creation's Dark (2008)
 Austin Collins: Roses Are Black (2008)
 Patterson Hood: Murdering Oscar And Other Love Songs (2009)
 Telegraph Canyon: The Tide and the Current (2009)
 Collin Herring: Ocho (2009)
 Monahans: Dim The Aurora (2009)
 Craig Finn:  Clear Heart Full Eyes (2012)
 Patterson Hood:  Heat Lightning Rumbles in the Distance (2012)
. Austin Lucas: Immortal Americans (2018)
. Clap Your Hands Say Yeah: New Fragility (2021)

 Film appearances
 Salt Creek County (Downstate Productions 2008)

Centro-matic Discography
LPs:
 Redo the Stacks (Steve 1996)
 Navigational (Idol 1999)
 The Static vs. The Strings Vol.2 (1995) [as 'The Centromatic Band']
 "My, My" on Band-Kits: A Collection of Music From Denton, Texas (Quality Park, 2000)
 "Most Everyone Will Find" on Orgasm 04 (Oor Magazine, 2000) [Netherlands]
 "Fuselage (It's Starting To Look Like Christmas Once Again)" on Electric Ornaments (Idol, 2000)
 "Most Everyone Will Find" on Awesome (Munich, 2001) [Netherlands]
 "Truth Flies Out" on  Esto No Es Un Cactus (Sinedin, 2001) [Spain; compilation also includes South San Gabriel]
 "Fountains Of Fire" on New Voices, Vol 48 (Rolling Stone, 2001) [Germany]
 "Truth Flies Out" on Orgasm 07 (Oor Magazine, 2001) [Netherlands]
 "To Unleash The Horses Now" on Sounds of the New West Vol. 3 (Uncut Magazine, 2002) [United Kingdom]
 "Huge In Every City" and "On the Sagtikos" on Vital Idol: Idol Records Sampler (Idol, 2003)
 Just For Fun (Loretta Records, 2003)
 "Fuselage (It's Starting To Look Like Christmas Once Again)" on De Avonden Xmas 2003 (VPRO Radio, 2003) [Netherlands]
 "Silver Plate Complaints" on New Noises, Vol. 60 (Rolling Stone, 2003) [Germany]
 "Flashes and Cables" on Musikexpress 81 – Sounds Now! (Musikexpress, 2003) [Germany]
 "Covered Up In Mines" on Already Gone: A Compilation of Texas Bands (Already Gone, 2004)
 "Triggers and Trash Heaps" on We Have The Technology (Misra, 2006) [compilation also includes Will Johnson]
 "Don't Talk (Put Your Head On My Shoulder)" [Beach Boys cover] on Do It Again: A Tribute To Pet Sounds (Houston Party, 2006) [Spain]
 "Flashes and Cables" on New Colors (Misra, 2007) [compilation also features South San Gabriel and Will Johnson]
 "I, The Kite" on Great (Misra/Absolutely Kosher, 2008) [promo CD-R]
 "Love Has Found Me Somehow" on A Splash Of Sunshine, Vol. 2 (679 Recordings, 2008)

South San Gabriel Discography

 AlbumsSongs/Music (Munich, 2000) [Netherlands; credited to Centro-Matic on U.S. release]Welcome, Convalescence (Munich, 2003) [Netherlands]The Carlton Chronicles – Not Until the Operation's Through (Misra, 2005)Dual Hawks split double album with Centro-Matic (Misra, 2008)

 Singles and EPs
 "Stark Miami Mines" split 7" with Okkervil River (Tight Spot, 2002)
 I Am Six Pounds Of Dynamite + 3 (Munich, 2005)
 Eyas split EP with Centro-Matic (2010) [digital-only release on Amazon and iTunes]

 Compilation appearances
 "Evangeline" on Awesome (Munich, 2001) [compilation also features Centro-Matic]
 "One Hundred Thousand Bridesmaids" on Esto No Es Un Cactus (Sinedin, 2001) [Spain; compilation also features Centro-Matic]
 "Smelling Medicinal" on All Areas, Vol. 41 (Visions Magazine, 2003) [Germany]
 "I Am Six Pounds of Dynamite" on Gimme Danger (Uncut Magazine, 2005) [United Kingdom]
 "I Feel Too Young To Die" on We Have The Technology (Misra, 2006) [compilation also features Centro-Matic]
 "I Feel Too Young To Die" on New Colors (Misra, 2007) [compilation also features Centro-Matic and Will Johnson]
 "Emma Jane" on Houston Party 10 Aniversario'' (Sinedin, 2008)

References

External links

 Living people
 American rock musicians
 Musicians from Austin, Texas
1971 births
 People from Kennett, Missouri
 People from Killeen, Texas
 Monsters of Folk members
 Overseas (band) members
Misra Records artists
Secretly Canadian artists

masks:
Will Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


text_chunks:
<mask> "Cory" <mask> (, 25 January 1933 – 1 August 2009) was a Filipina politician who served as the 11th president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ended the two-decade rule of President Ferdinand Marcos and led to the establishment of the current democratic Fifth Philippine Republic. <mask> was married to Senator <mask>., who was one of the most prominent critics of President Marcos. After the assassination of her husband on 21 August 1983, she emerged as leader of the opposition against the president. In late 1985, Marcos called for a snap election, and <mask> ran for president with former Senator Salvador Laurel as her running mate for vice president. After the election held on 7 February 1986, the Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Marcos and his running mate Arturo Tolentino as the winners, which prompted allegations of electoral fraud and <mask>'s call for massive civil disobedience actions. Subsequently, the People Power Revolution, a non-violent mass demonstration movement, took place from 22 February to 25 February.The People Power Revolution, along with defections from the Armed Forces of the Philippines and support from the Philippine Catholic Church, successfully ousted Marcos and secured <mask>'s accession to the presidency on 25 February 1986. Prior to her election as president, <mask> had not held any elected office. She was the first female president of the Philippines. As president, <mask> oversaw the drafting of the 1987 Constitution, which limited the powers of the presidency and re-established the bicameral Congress, successfully removing the previous dictatorial government structure. Her economic policies focused on forging good economic standing amongst the international community as well as disestablishing Marcos-era crony capitalist monopolies, emphasizing the free market and responsible economy. Her administration conducted peace talks to resolve the Moro conflict, and the result of these talks was creation of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. <mask> was also criticized for the Mendiola Massacre, which resulted in the shooting deaths of at least 12 peaceful protesters by Philippine state security forces.The Philippines faced various natural calamities in the latter part of <mask>'s administration, such as the 1990 Luzon earthquake and Tropical Storm Thelma. Several coup attempts were made against her government. She was succeeded as president by Fidel V. Ramos and returned to civilian life. <mask> was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2008 and died on 1 August 2009. Her son Benigno <mask> served as president of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016. After her passing, monuments were established and public landmarks were named in honor of <mask> <mask> all around the Philippines. She is continually highly regarded by her native country, where she is called the Mother of Democracy.Early life and education
<mask> was born <mask> Sumulong Cojuangco on 25 January 1933 in Paniqui, Tarlac. Her father was José Cojuangco, a prominent Tarlac businessman and former congressman, and her mother was Demetria Sumulong, a pharmacist. Both of <mask>'s parents were from prominent political families. <mask>'s grandfather from her father's side, Melecio Cojuangco, was a member of the historic Malolos Congress, and <mask>'s mother belonged to the politically influential Sumulong family of Rizal province, which included Juan Sumulong, who ran against Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon in 1941. <mask> was the sixth of eight children, two of whom died in infancy. Her siblings were Pedro, Josephine, Teresita, Jose Jr., and Maria Paz. <mask> spent her elementary school days at St. Scholastica's College in Manila, where she graduated at the top of her class as valedictorian.She transferred to Assumption Convent to pursue high school studies. After her family moved to the United States, she attended the Assumption-run Ravenhill Academy in Philadelphia. She then transferred to Notre Dame Convent School in New York City, where she graduated from in 1949. During her high school years in the United States, <mask> volunteered for the campaign of U.S. Republican presidential candidate Thomas Dewey against Democratic incumbent U.S. President Harry S. Truman during the 1948 United States presidential election. After graduating from high school, she pursued her college education at the College of Mount Saint Vincent in New York, graduating in 1953 with a major in French and minor in mathematics. After graduating from college, she returned to the Philippines and studied law at Far Eastern University in 1953. While attending, she met Benigno "Ninoy" S<mask> Jr., who was the son of the late Speaker Benigno S<mask> Sr. and a grandson of General Servillano <mask>.She discontinued her law education and married Benigno in Our Lady of Sorrows Parish in Pasay on 11 October 1954. The couple raised five children: Maria Elena ("Ballsy"; born 1955), <mask> ("Pinky"; born 1957), Benigno Simeon III ("Noynoy"; 1960–2021), Victoria Elisa ("Viel"; born 1961) and Kristina Bernadette ("Kris"; born 1971). <mask> had initially had difficulty adjusting to provincial life when she and her husband moved to Concepcion, Tarlac, in 1955. <mask> found herself bored in Concepcion, and welcomed the opportunity to have dinner with her husband inside the American military facility at nearby Clark Field. Afterwards, the <mask> family moved to a bungalow in suburban Quezon City. Throughout her life, <mask> was known to be a devout Roman Catholic. <mask> <mask> was fluent in French, Japanese, Spanish, and English aside from her native Tagalog and Kapampangan.Wife of Benigno <mask>.
<mask> <mask>'s husband Benigno <mask>., a member of the Liberal Party, rose to become the youngest governor in the country in 1961 and then the youngest senator ever elected to the Senate of the Philippines in 1967. For most of her husband's political career, <mask> remained a housewife who raised their children and hosted her spouse's political allies who would visit their Quezon City home. She would decline to join her husband on stage during campaign rallies, instead preferring to be in the back of the audience and listen to him. Unbeknownst to many at the time, <mask> <mask> sold some of her prized inheritance to fund the candidacy of her husband. As Benigno <mask>. emerged as a leading critic of the government of President Ferdinand Marcos, he became seen as a strong candidate for president to succeed Marcos in the 1973 elections. However, Marcos, who was barred by the 1935 Constitution to seek a third term, declared martial law on 21 September 1972 and later abolished the constitution, thereby allowing him to remain in office. Benigno <mask>. was among the first to be arrested at the onset of martial law, and was later sentenced to death.During her husband's incarceration, <mask> <mask> stopped going to beauty salons or buying new clothes and prohibited her children from attending parties, until a priest advised her and her children to try to live as normal lives as possible. Despite <mask>'s initial opposition, Benigno <mask>. decided to run in the 1978 Batasang Pambansa elections from his prison cell as party leader of the newly created LABAN. <mask> <mask> campaigned on behalf of her husband and delivered a political speech for the first time in her life during this political campaign. In 1980 Benigno <mask>. suffered a heart attack, and Marcos allowed Senator <mask> and his family to leave for exile in the United States upon intervention from U.S. President Jimmy Carter so that <mask> could seek medical treatment. The family settled in Boston, and <mask> <mask> would later recall the next three years as the happiest days of her marriage and family life. On 21 August 1983, Benigno <mask>. ended his stay in the United States and returned without his family to the Philippines, where he was immediately assassinated on a staircase leading to the tarmac of Manila International Airport. The airport is now named Ninoy Aquino International Airport, renamed by the Congress in his honor in 1987.<mask> <mask> returned to the Philippines a few days later and led her husband's funeral procession, in which more than two million people participated. 1986 presidential campaign

Following her husband's assassination in 1983, <mask> <mask> became active in various demonstrations held against the Marcos regime. She began to assume the mantle of leadership left by her husband and became a figurehead of the anti-Marcos political opposition. On 3 November 1985, during an interview with American journalist David Brinkley on This Week with David Brinkley, Marcos suddenly announced snap elections that would be held within three months to dispel doubt against his regime's legitimate authority, an action that surprised the nation. The election was later scheduled to be held on 7 February 1986. A petition was organized to urge <mask> to run for president, headed by former newspaper publisher Joaquin Roces. On 1 December, the petition of 1.2 million signatures was publicly presented to <mask> in an event attended by 15,000 people, and on 3 December, <mask> officially declared her candidacy.United Opposition (UNIDO) party leader Salvador Laurel was chosen as <mask>'s running mate as candidate for vice president. During the campaign, Marcos attacked <mask> <mask> on her husband's previous ties to communists, characterizing the election as a fight "between democracy and communism." <mask> refuted Marcos' charge and stated that she would not appoint a single communist to her cabinet. Marcos also accused <mask> of playing "political football" with the United States in regards to the continued United States military presence in the Philippines at Clark Air Base and Subic Naval Base. Another point of attack for Marcos was <mask>'s inexperience in public office. Marcos' campaign was characterized by sexist attacks, such as remarks by Marcos that <mask> was "just a woman" and that a woman's remarks should be limited to the bedroom. The snap election was held on 7 February 1986, and was marred by massive electoral fraud, violence, intimidation, coercion, and disenfranchisement of voters.On 11 February, while votes were still being tabulated, former Antique Governor and director of <mask>'s campaign in Antique Evelio Javier was assassinated. During the tallying of votes conducted by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), 30 poll computer technicians walked out to contest the alleged election-rigging being done in favor of Marcos. Years later it was claimed that the walkout of computer technicians was led by Linda Kapunan, wife of Lt Col Eduardo Kapunan, a leader of Reform the Armed Forces Movement that plotted to attack the Malacañang Palace and kill Marcos and his family, leading to a partial reevaluation of the walkout event. On 15 February 1986, the Batasang Pambansa, which was dominated by Marcos' ruling party and its allies, declared President Marcos as the winner of the election. However, NAMFREL's electoral count showed that <mask> <mask> had won. <mask> claimed victory according to NAMFREL's electoral count and called for a rally dubbed "Tagumpay ng Bayan" (People's Victory Rally) the following day to protest the declaration by the Batasang Pambansa. <mask> also called for boycotts against products and services from companies controlled or owned by individuals closely allied with Marcos.The rally was held at the historic Rizal Park in Luneta, Manila and drew a pro-<mask> crowd of around two million people. The dubious election results drew condemnation from both domestic and foreign powers. The Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines issued a statement strongly criticizing the conduct of the election, describing the election as violent and fraudulent. The United States Senate likewise condemned the election. <mask> rejected a power-sharing agreement proposed by the American diplomat Philip Habib, who had been sent as an emissary by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to help defuse the tension. Accession as president

On 22 February 1986, disgruntled and reformist military officers led by Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and General Fidel V. Ramos surprised the nation and the international community by the announcement of their defection from the Marcos government, citing a strong belief that <mask> was the real winner in the contested presidential election. Enrile, Ramos, and the rebel soldiers then set up operations in Camp Aguinaldo, the headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and Camp Crame, the headquarters of the Philippine Constabulary, across Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA).Cardinal Sin appealed to the public in a broadcast over Church-run Radyo Veritas, and millions of Filipinos gathered to the part of Epifanio De Los Santos Avenue between the two camps to give their support and prayers to the rebels. At that time, <mask> was meditating in a Carmelite convent in Cebu. Upon learning of the defection, <mask> and Cardinal Sin appeared on Radyo Vertias to rally behind Enrile and Ramos. <mask> then flew back to Manila to prepare for the takeover of the government. After three days of peaceful mass protests primarily centered at EDSA called the People Power Revolution, <mask> was sworn in as the eleventh president of the Philippines on 25 February 1986. An hour after <mask>'s inauguration, Marcos held his own inauguration ceremony at the Malacañang Palace. Later that same day, Ferdinand E. Marcos fled the Philippines to Hawaii.Presidency

<mask> <mask>'s accession to the presidency marked the end of authoritarian rule in the Philippines. <mask> is the first female president of the Philippines and is still the only president of the Philippines to have never held any prior political position. <mask> is regarded as the first female president in Asia. Transitional government and creation of new constitution

On 25 February 1986, the first day of her administration, <mask> issued Proclamation No. 1, which announced an intention to reorganize the government and called on all officials appointed by Marcos to resign, starting with members of the Supreme Court. On 25 March 1986, President <mask> issued Proclamation No. 3, which announced a transitional government into a democratic system.She abolished the 1973 Constitution that was in force during the martial law era, and by decree issued the provisional 1986 Freedom Constitution, pending the ratification of a more formal and comprehensive charter. This constitutional allowed her to exercise both executive and legislative powers during the period of transitional government. After the issuance of Proclamation No. 1, all 15 members of the Supreme Court submitted their resignations. <mask> then reorganized the membership of the Supreme Court with the stated purpose of restoring its judicial independence. On 22 May 1986, in the case Lawyers League v. President <mask>, the reorganized Supreme Court declared the <mask> government as "not merely a de facto government but in fact and law a de jure government", and affirmed its legitimacy. <mask> appointed all 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission ("Con-Com"), led by retired activist and former Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, which was tasked with writing a new constitution.The Commission completed its final draft of the Constitution in October 1986. On 2 February 1987, the Constitution of the Philippines was ratified by nationwide plebiscite. It remains the constitution of the Philippines to the present day. The Constitution established a bill of rights and a three-branch government consisting of the executive department, the legislative department, and the judicial department. The Constitution restored the bicameral Congress, which in 1973 had been abolished by Marcos and replaced with first the Batasang Bayan and later the Batasang Pambansa. The ratification of the new Constitution was soon followed by the election of senators and the election of House of Representatives members on 11 May 1987, as well as local elections on 18 January 1988. Legal reforms
After the ratification of the constitution, <mask> promulgated two landmark legal codes, namely, the Family Code of 1987, which reformed the civil law on family relations, and the Administrative Code of 1987, which reorganized the structure of the executive department of government.Another landmark law that was enacted during her tenure was the 1991 Local Government Code, which devolved national government powers to local government units (LGUs). The new Code enhanced the

masks:
Maria Corazon
Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino
Corazon Aquino
Benigno Aquino Jr
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino III
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Maria Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
. Aquino
. Aquino
Aquino
Aurora Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino Jr
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino Jr
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino Jr
Aquino Jr
Corazon
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino Jr
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino Jr
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino Jr
Corazon
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino


text_chunks:
 power of LGUs to enact local taxation measures and assured them of a share in the national revenue. During <mask>'s tenure, vital economic laws such as the Built-Operate-Transfer Law, Foreign Investments Act, and the Consumer Protection and Welfare Act were also enacted. Socio-economic policies

The economy posted a positive growth of 3.4% during <mask>'s first year in office, and continued to grow at an overall positive rate throughout her tenure for an average rate of 3.4% from 1986 to 1992. Real GDP growth suffered a 0.4% decrease in 1991 in the aftermath of the 1989 coup attempt by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement, which shook international confidence in the Philippine economy and hindered foreign investment. <mask> made fighting inflation one of her priorities after the nation suffered from skyrocketing prices during the last years of the Marcos administration. The last six years of the Marcos administration recorded an average annual inflation rate of 20.9%, which peaked in 1984 at 50.3%.From 1986 to 1992, the Philippines recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9.2%. During the <mask> administration, the annual inflation rate peaked at 18.1% in 1991; a stated reason for this increase was panic buying during the Gulf War. Overall, the economy under <mask> had an average growth of 3.8% from 1986 to 1992. De-monopolization
One of <mask>'s first actions as president was to seize Marcos' multi-billion dollar fortune of ill-gotten wealth. On 28 February 1986, four days into her presidency, <mask> formed the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), which was tasked with retrieving Marcos' domestic and international fortune. After his declaration of martial law in 1972 and his consolidation of authoritarian power, President Ferdinand Marcos issued various government decrees that awarded monopoly or oligopoly power over entire industries to various close associates, in a scheme later regarded as crony capitalism. President <mask> pursued a market liberalization agenda to combat this problem.President <mask> particularly targeted the sugar industry and the coconut industry for de-monopolization. Debt

Throughout the tenure of President Ferdinand Marcos, government foreign debt had ballooned from less than $3 billion in 1970 to $28 billion by the end of his administration, through privatization of bad government assets and deregulation of many vital industries. The debt had badly tarnished the international credit standing and economic reputation of the country. President <mask> inherited the debt of the Marcos administration and weighed all options on what to do with the debt, including not paying the debt. <mask> eventually chose to honor all the debts that were previously incurred in order to clear the country's economic reputation. Her decision proved to be unpopular but <mask> defended it, saying that was the most practical move. Beginning in 1986, the <mask> administration paid off $4 billion of the country's outstanding debts to improve its international credit ratings and attract the attention of foreign investors.This move also ensured lower interest rates and longer payment terms for future loans. During the <mask> administration, the Philippines acquired an additional $9 billion debt, increasing the net national debt by $5 billion within six years due to the need to infuse capital and money into the economy. The <mask> administration was able to reduce the Philippines' external debt-to-GDP ratio by 30.1 percent, from 87.9 percent at the start of the administration to 67.8 percent in 1991. Agrarian reform

President <mask> envisioned agrarian and land reform as the centerpiece of her administration's social legislative agenda. However, her family background and social class as a privileged daughter of a wealthy and landed clan became a lightning rod of criticisms against her land reform agenda. After the Mendiola Massacre and in response to calls for agrarian reform, President <mask> issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229 on 22 July 1987, which outlined her land reform program, including sugar lands. In 1988, with the backing of <mask>, the new Congress of the Philippines passed Republic Act No.6657, more popularly known as the "Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law" (CARP), which paved the way for the redistribution of agricultural lands from landowners to tenant-farmers. Landowners were paid in exchange by the government through just compensation, and were also not allowed to retain more than five hectares of land. The law also allowed corporate landowners to "voluntarily divest a proportion of their capital stock, equity or participation in favor of their workers or other qualified beneficiaries", in lieu of turning over their land to the government for redistribution. Despite the flaws in the law, the Supreme Court upheld its constitutionality in 1989, declaring that the implementation of CARP was "a revolutionary kind of expropriation." <mask> <mask> herself was subject to a controversy that centered on Hacienda Luisita, a 6,453-hectare estate located in the province of Tarlac which she and her siblings inherited from her father José Cojuangco. Instead of land distribution, Hacienda Luisita reorganized itself into a corporation and distributed stock. As such, ownership of agricultural portions of the hacienda was transferred to the corporation, which in turn, gave its shares of stocks to farmers.Critics argued that <mask> bowed to pressure from relatives by allowing stock redistribution in lieu of land redistribution under CARP. The stock redistribution scheme was revoked in 2006, when the Department of Agrarian Reform ordered the mandatory redistribution of land to tenant-farmers of Hacienda Luisita. The Department of Agrarian Reform had looked into its revocation since 2004, when violence erupted in the hacienda over the retrenchment of workers, leaving seven people dead. Coup attempts on <mask> government

From 1986 to 1990 numerous coup attempts were enacted on the <mask> administration and the new Philippine government. Many of these attempts were conducted by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement, who attempted to establish a military government, while other attempts were conducted by loyalists to former President Marcos. Mendiola massacre and cabinet infighting

On 22 January 1987, during the era of transition government and shortly before the nationwide plebiscite to ratify the Constitution, 12 citizens were killed and 51 were injured in the Mendiola Massacre. The incident was initially a peaceful protest by agrarian workers and farmers who had marched to the historic Mendiola Street near the Malacañan Palace to demand genuine land reform.The massacre occurred when Marines fired at farmers who tried to go beyond the designated demarcation line set by the police. The massacre resulted in several resignations from <mask>'s cabinet, including Jose Diokno, head of the Presidential Committee on Human Rights, chairman of the Commission on Human Rights (CHR), and chairman of the government panel in charge of negotiations with rebel forces resigned from his government posts. His daughter Maris said, "It was the only time we saw him near tears." In September 1987, Vice President Doy Laurel resigned as secretary of foreign affairs. In his resignation letter to <mask>, Laurel stated, "...the past years of Marcos are now beginning to look no worse than your first two years in office. And the reported controversies and scandals involving your closest relatives have become the object of our people's outrage. From 16,500 NPA regular when Marcos fell, the communists now claim an armed strength of 25,200.From city to countryside, anarchy has spread. There is anarchy within the government, anarchy within the ruling coalesced parties and anarchy in the streets." Finance Minister Jaime Ongpin, who had successfully advocated for paying external debt incurred during Marcos' administration, was dismissed by <mask> in September 1987 and later died in an apparent suicide in December 1987. His widow stated that he had been depressed due to infighting in <mask>'s cabinet and lack of significant change since the People Power Revolution. Soon after the Mendiola Massacre, the <mask> administration and Congress worked to pass significant agrarian reform, which culminated in the passage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARP). Peace talks with Moro and communist insurgencies

President <mask> conducted peace talks with the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), an armed Moro Muslim insurgency group that sought to establish an independent Moro state within Mindanao. <mask> met with MNLF leader Nur Misuari and various MNLF groups in Sulu.In 1989, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was created under Republic Act No. 6734 or the ARMM Organic Act, which established the Moro majority areas in the Mindanao island group as an autonomous region with its own government. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao lasted from 1989 to 2019, after which it was succeeded by the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The establishment of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was opposed by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), a militant splinter group from the MNLF that sought to secede from the Philippines to establish an Islamic state in Mindanao. Peace talks with MILF began in 1997 under President Fidel Ramos and violent insurgency officially continued until 2014, when peace accords were formally signed between MILF and the administration of President Benigno <mask> that would lead to the creation of the BARMM. The establishment of the ARMM also led to the establishment of Abu Sayyaf, a terrorist group founded in 1989 by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani and composed of radical former members of the MNLF. Terrorist attacks by Abu Sayyaf would start in 1995 and continue to the present day, including the 2004 bombing of the MV Superferry 14 that resulted in the deaths of 116 people.Shortly after becoming president, <mask> ordered the release of hundreds of political prisoners imprisoned during the Marcos era, including communist insurgents belonging to the Communist Party of the Philippines. These releases included leaders such as Communist Party of the Philippines founder Jose Maria Sison and New People's Army founder Bernabe Buscayno. Preliminary peace talks with the CPP ended after the Mendiola Massacre on 22 January 1987, during which at least 12 farmers were killed at a protest rally. Closing of United States military bases

Soon after <mask> took office, several Philippine senators declared that the presence of U.S. military forces in the Philippines was an affront to national sovereignty. The senators called for the United States military to vacate U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay and Clark Air Base, and <mask> opposed their demand. The United States objected by stating that they had leased the property and that the leases were still in effect.The United States stated that the facilities at Subic Bay were unequaled anywhere in Southeast Asia and a U.S. pullout could make all of that region of the world vulnerable to an incursion by the Soviet Union or by a resurgent Japan. Another issue with the demand was that thousands of Filipinos worked at these military facilities and they would lose their jobs if the U.S. military moved out. <mask> opposed the Senate's demand and believed that the bases should have remained. <mask> organized a protest against the pullout, which only gathered between 100,000 and 150,000 supporters, far short of the 500,000 to 1 million that had been originally expected. The matter was still being debated when Mount Pinatubo erupted in June 1991, covering the entire area with volcanic ash. Despite attempts to continue the Subic Base, <mask> finally conceded. In December 1991, the government served notice that the U.S. had to close the base by the end of 1992.Natural disasters and calamities
On 20 December 1987, the MV Doña Paz sank after a collision with the oil tanker MV Vector. The final death toll exceeded 4,300 people, and the sinking has been called the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster of the 20th century. In the aftermath, <mask> addressed the incident as "a national tragedy of harrowing proportions." The 1990 Luzon earthquake was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck the island of Luzon. It left an estimate of 1,621 people dead and massive property damage. In 1991, a volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo, then thought to be dormant, killed around 800 people and caused widespread long-term devastation of agricultural lands in Central Luzon. Around 20,000 residents had to be evacuated and around 10,000 people were left homeless by the event.It was the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century. On 1 November 1991 Tropical Storm Thelma (also known as Typhoon Uring) caused massive flooding in Ormoc City, leaving around 5,000 dead in what was then considered to be the deadliest typhoon in Philippine history. On 8 November, <mask> declared all of Leyte a disaster area. Electrical power grid inadequacy
During <mask>'s presidency, electric blackouts became common in Manila. The city experienced 7–12 hours-long blackouts, which severely affected its businesses. By the departure of <mask> in June 1992, businesses in Manila and nearby provinces had lost nearly $800 million since the preceding March. <mask> <mask>'s decision to deactivate the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP), which was built during the Marcos administration, contributed to further electricity crises in the 1990s, as the 620 megawatts capacity of the plant would have been enough to cover the shortfall at that time.Critics of the BNPP had stated that the power plant was unsafe, and cited the millions of dollars in bribes paid to President Marcos to allow its construction. The administration had failed to provide for an adequate replacement for the plant before her term had completed, and President <mask> <mask> ended her term in 1992 with the country reeling under a severe power shortage crisis. Influence in 1992 presidential election
The 1987 Constitution limited the president to a single six-year term with no possibility of re-election. As the end of her presidency drew near, close advisers and friends told <mask> that since she was not inaugurated under the 1987 Constitution, she was still eligible to seek the presidency again in the upcoming 1992 elections, the first presidential elections held under normal and peaceful circumstances since 1965. However, <mask> firmly declined the requests for her to seek reelection, citing her strong belief that the presidency was not a lifetime position. Initially, she named Ramon V. Mitra, Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives who had been a friend of her husband, as her preferred candidate for the 1992 presidential elections. However, she later backtracked and instead supported the candidacy of General Fidel V. Ramos, who was her defense secretary and a key figure in the EDSA Revolution.Ramos had consistently stood by her government during the various coup attempts that were launched against her administration. Her sudden change of mind and withdrawal of support from Mitra drew criticism from her supporters in the liberal and social democratic sectors. Her decision also drew criticism from the Catholic Church, which questioned her support of Ramos due to his being a Protestant. General Ramos won the 1992 elections with 23.58% of the total votes in a wide-open campaign. On 30 June 1992, <mask> <mask> formally and peacefully handed over power to Fidel Ramos. On that day, Fidel V. Ramos was inaugurated as the twelfth president of the Philippines. After the inauguration, <mask> left the ceremony in a simple white Toyota Crown she had purchased, rather than the lavish government-issued Mercedes Benz in which she and Ramos had ridden on the way to the ceremonies, to make the point that she was once again an ordinary citizen.Post-presidency

Domestic
During <mask>'s retirement and stay as a private citizen, she remained active in the Philippine political scene. <mask> would voice her dissent to government actions and policies that she deemed threats to the democratic foundations of the country. In 1997, <mask>, together with Cardinal Jaime Sin, led a rally opposing President Fidel Ramos' attempt to extend his term through his proposal to amend the 1987 Constitution's restriction on presidential term limits. Ramos' proposed charter change would fail, leaving term limits and the presidential system in place. During the 1998 Philippine presidential election, <mask>

masks:
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino III
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino


text_chunks:
 endorsed the candidacy of former police general and Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim from the Liberal Party for president. Lim would lose to Vice President Joseph Estrada, who won by a landslide. In 1999, <mask> and Cardinal Jaime Sin again worked together to oppose a second plan to amend the Constitution to remove term limits, this time under President Estrada.President Estrada stated that his plan to amend the Constitution was intended to lift provisions that 'restrict' economic activities and investments, and Estrada denied that it was an attempt to extend his stay in office. Estrada's proposed charter change would also fail. In 2000, <mask> joined the mounting calls for Estrada to resign from office, amid a series of corruption scandals, including strong allegations of bribery charges and gambling kickbacks. Estrada was impeached by the House of Representatives in November 2000 but acquitted by the Senate in December, which in January 2001 led to the Second EDSA Revolution, which ousted Estrada. During the Second EDSA Revolution, <mask> enthusiastically supported the ascendancy of Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to the position of president. In the subsequent trial of Joseph Estrada, Estrada was acquitted of perjury but found guilty of plunder and sentenced to reclusion perpetua with the accessory penalties of perpetual disqualification from public office and forfeiture of ill-gotten wealth on 12 September 2007. Estrada was pardoned by President Macapagal-Arroyo on 26 October 2007.In 2005, after a series of revelations and exposes that implicated President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in rigging the 2004 presidential elections, <mask> called on Arroyo to resign in order to prevent bloodshed, violence and further political deterioration. <mask> once again led massive street-level demonstrations, this time demanding the resignation of President Arroyo. During the 2007 senatorial elections, <mask> actively campaigned for her only son, Benigno "Noynoy<mask> III, who went on to win his race. Less than a year after <mask> <mask>'s death in 2009, Benigno <mask> won the 2010 Philippine presidential election and served as the 15th president of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016. In December 2008, <mask> <mask> publicly expressed regret for her participation in the 2001 Second EDSA Revolution, which installed Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as president. She apologized to former President Joseph Estrada for the role she played in his ouster in 2001. <mask>'s apology drew criticisms from numerous politicians.In June 2009, two months before her death, <mask> issued a public statement in which she strongly denounced and condemned the Arroyo administration's plans of amending the 1987 Constitution, calling it a "shameless abuse of power." International
Shortly after leaving the presidency, <mask> traveled abroad, giving speeches and lectures on issues of democracy, development, human rights, and women empowerment. At the 1994 meeting of the UNESCO World Commission on Culture and Development in Manila, <mask> delivered a speech urging the unconditional release of Burmese democratic leader Aung San Suu Kyi from detention. Until her death in 2009, <mask> would continue to petition for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi. <mask> was a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an international organization of former and current female heads of state, from the group's inception in 1996 to her death. In 1997, <mask> attended the wake and funeral of Saint Mother Teresa of Calcutta, whom she met during the latter's visit in Manila in 1989. In 2005, <mask> joined the international community in mourning the death of Pope John Paul II.In 2002, <mask> became the first woman named to the Board of Governors at the Asian Institute of Management, a leading graduate business school and think tank in the Asia Pacific region. She served on the Board until 2006. Charitable and social initiatives
After her term as president, <mask> was involved in several charitable activities and socio-economic initiatives. From 1992 until her death, <mask> was chairperson of the Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. Foundation, which she set up in her husband's honor after his assassination in 1983. <mask> supported the Gawad Kalinga social housing project for the poor and homeless. In 2007, <mask> helped establish the PinoyME Foundation, a non-profit organization that aims to provide microfinancing programs and projects for the poor. <mask> also painted, and would occasionally give away her paintings to friends and family or auction her paintings and donate the proceeds to charity.She never sold her art for her own profit. Illness and death

On 24 March 2008, <mask>'s family announced that the former president had been diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Upon her being earlier informed by her doctors that she had only three months to live, she pursued medical treatment and chemotherapy. A series of healing Masses for <mask>, who was a devout Catholic, were held throughout the country for her recovery. In a public statement during one healing Mass on 13 May 2008, <mask> said that her blood tests indicated that she was responding well to treatment, although her hair and appetite loss were apparent. By July 2009, <mask> was reported to be suffering from loss of appetite and in very serious condition. At that time she was confined to Makati Medical Center.It was later announced that <mask> and her family had decided to stop chemotherapy and other medical interventions for her. <mask> died in the Makati Medical Center at 3:18 a.m. on 1 August 2009 due to cardiorespiratory arrest at the age of 76. Wake and funeral

On the day of <mask>'s passing, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo announced a 10-day mourning period for the former president and issued Administrative Order No. 269 detailing the necessary arrangements for a state funeral. Arroyo was on a state visit to the United States at the time of <mask>'s passing and returned to the Philippines on 5 August, cutting her visit short to pay her last respects to <mask>. <mask>'s children declined Arroyo's offer of a state funeral for their mother. All churches in the Philippines celebrated requiem masses simultaneously throughout the country and all government offices flew the Philippine flag at half-mast.Hours after her death, <mask>'s body lay in repose for public viewing at the La Salle Green Hills campus in Mandaluyong. On 3 August 2009, <mask>'s body was transferred from La Salle Greenhills to the Manila Cathedral in Intramuros, during which hundreds of thousands of Filipinos lined the streets to view and escort the former leader's body. On the way to the cathedral, <mask>'s funeral cortege passed along Ayala Avenue in Makati, stopping in front of the monument to her husband Ninoy, where throngs of mourners gathered and sang the patriotic protest anthem "Bayan Ko. <mask>'s casket was brought inside the cathedral by mid-afternoon that day. Following her death, all Roman Catholic dioceses in the country held Requiem Masses. On 4 August 2009, Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos, Jr. and Imee Marcos, two prominent children of late former President Ferdinand Marcos, paid their last respects to <mask> in spite of the two families' longstanding feud. The Marcos siblings were received by <mask>'s daughters María Elena, <mask>, and Victoria Elisa.A final Requiem Mass was held on the morning of 5 August 2009, with Archbishop of Manila Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales, Bishop of Balanga Socrates B. Villegas, and other high-ranking clergymen concelebrating. <mask>'s daughter Kris spoke on behalf of her family towards the end of the Mass. <mask>'s flag-draped casket was escorted from the cathedral to Manila Memorial Park in Parañaque, where she was interred beside her husband in her family mausoleum. <mask>'s funeral procession took more than eight hours to reach the burial site, as tens of thousands of civilians lined the route to pay their respects. Philippine Air Force UH-1 helicopters showered the procession with yellow confetti and ships docked at Manila's harbor blared their sirens to salute the late president. Reaction
Both local and international leaders showed respect for <mask>'s achievements in the process of democratization in the Philippines. Local reaction
Various politicians across the political spectrum expressed their grief and praise for the former Philippine leader.President Arroyo, once an ally of <mask>, remembered the sacrifices she made for the country and called her a "national treasure." Former President Estrada said that the country had lost its mother and guiding voice with her sudden death. He also described <mask> as the "Philippines' most loved woman." Although they were at one time political foes, <mask> and Estrada had reconciled and joined forces in opposing President Arroyo. Former Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile, who had been <mask>'s defense minister and later a fierce critic of <mask>, asked the public to pray for her eternal repose. Although former <mask> interior minister and Senate minority floor leader Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. revealed that he had "mixed feelings" about <mask>'s death, he also said that the country "shall be forever indebted to Cory for rallying the nation behind the campaign to topple dictatorial rule and restore democracy". Filipino citizens throughout the country wore either yellow shirts or held masses to pay tribute to <mask>.Yellow ribbons, which were a symbol of support for <mask> after the 1986 election and during the People Power Revolution, were tied along major national roads as a sign of solidarity and support for <mask> and her grieving family. On popular social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, Filipinos posted yellow ribbons on their accounts as tribute. Following her death, Filipino Catholics called on the Church to have <mask> canonized and declared as a saint. Days after her funeral, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) announced that it supported calls to put the former president on the 500-Peso banknote alongside Benigno "Ninoy<mask>, Jr., her deceased husband. The bill had previously featured a portrait of only Benigno <mask>, Jr. since 1987.

International reaction
Messages of sympathy were sent by various national heads of state and international leaders. Pope Benedict XVI, in his letter to Archbishop Rosales, recalled <mask>'s "courageous commitment to the freedom of the Filipino people, her firm rejection of violence and intolerance" and called her a woman of courage and faith. U.S. President Barack Obama, through White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs, said that "her courage, determination, and moral leadership are an inspiration to us all and exemplify the best in the Filipino nation".U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton expressed sadness over the passing of <mask>, to whom she had sent a personal letter of best wishes for recovery while she was still in hospital in July 2009. Clinton said that <mask> was "admired by the world for her extraordinary courage" in leading the fight against dictatorship. South African President Jacob Zuma called <mask> "a great leader who set a shining example of peaceful transition to democracy in her country". Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, through the British Ambassador in Manila, sent a message to the Filipino people which read: "I am saddened to hear of the death of <mask> 'Cory' <mask> the former president of the Republic of the Philippines". She also added, "I send my sincere condolences to her family and to the people of the Philippines. Signed, Elizabeth R". Russian President Dmitry Medvedev stated in a telegram to President Arroyo that "the name of <mask> <mask> is associated with a period of profound reforms and the democratic transformation of Filipino society".Medvedev also lauded <mask>'s sympathy to Russian people and her contribution to the improvement of Russian-Filipino relations. Timor-Leste President José Ramos-Horta and Wan Azizah, wife of Malaysian opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim, came to the Philippines to express their sympathies and attend <mask>'s funeral. Soon after her 2010 release from her two-decade prison sentence, Aung San Suu Kyi of Myanmar publicly cited <mask> as one of her inspirations. She also expressed her good wishes for <mask>'s son, then-incumbent president of the Philippines Benigno S<mask> III. Honors

After her peaceful accession to the presidency and the ousting of President Marcos, <mask> was named Time magazine's Woman of the Year in 1986. In August 1999, <mask> was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th century. Time also cited her as one of 65 great Asian Heroes in November 2006.In 1994, <mask> was cited as one of 100 Women Who Shaped World History in a reference book written by Gail Meyer Rolka. In 1996, she received the J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding from the Fulbright Association. In 1998, she was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in recognition of her role in peaceful revolution to attain democracy. Since her passing in 2009, the legacy of <mask> <mask> has prompted various namings of public landmarks and creations of memorials. Among these are as follows:

On 1 August 2010, the first anniversary of her death, a 200 ft by 250 ft photo mosaic of <mask> was unveiled near the Quirino Grandstand at the Luneta Park in the presence of her son, President Benigno <mask>, and her supporters. It was submitted to Guinness World Records to be certified as the largest photo mosaic in the world, and the record was later certified by the World Record Academy (which is not affiliated with Guinness). On 9 October 2010, Manila Mayor Alfredo S. Lim inaugurated a public market in Baseco, Port Area known as the President <mask> C<mask> Public Market.On 16 December 2010, President Benigno <mask> and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) announced the release of newly designed 500-peso banknotes that feature both Senator Benigno "Ninoy<mask> Jr. and <mask> <mask>. The previous design featured only Benigno "Ninoy<mask> Jr. and had been in circulation since 1987. On 13 February 2013, the Corazon Aquino Democratic Space was launched at the De La Salle University, alongside the formal inauguration of the new Henry Sy, Sr. Hall. On 28 July 2014, the Republic Act No. 10663, which named a circumferential road in Iloilo City to President <mask> C. <mask> Avenue, was signed into law by President Benigno <mask>. In 2015, the new Corazon C. Aquino Hospital in Barangay Biasong, Dipolog City was opened to the public. On 10 December 2015, the Republic Act No.10176, which renamed Batasan Hills High School (BHES) into "President <mask> C. <mask> Elementary School" (PCCAES) in Batasan Hills, Quezon City, was signed into law by President Benigno <mask>. On 29 June 2018, the Republic Act No. 11045, which renamed the Kay Tikling-Antipolo-Teresa-Morong National Road to Corazon C. Aquino Avenue, was signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte. Corazon C. <mask> Avenue is a road traversing from Taytay to Morong in Rizal (including the segment of Ortigas Avenue Extension from Taytay to Antipolo). In popular culture
In 2008, a musical play about <mask> entitled Cory, the Musical was staged at the Meralco Theater. It was written and directed by Nestor Torre Jr. and starred Isay Alvarez as <mask>. The musical featured a libretto of 19 original songs composed by Lourdes Pimentel, wife of Senator Aquilino Pimentel, Jr.Awards and achievements
Philippines

Foreign Awards

1986 Time Woman of the Year
1986 Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award
1986 United Nations Silver Medal
1986 Canadian International Prize for Freedom
1986 International Democracy Award from the International Association of Political Consultants
1987 Prize For Freedom Award from Liberal International
1993 Special Peace Award from the Aurora Aragon Quezon Peace Awards Foundation and Concerned Women of the Philippines
1995 Path to Peace Award
1996 J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding from the U.S. Department of State
1998 Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding
1998 Pearl S. Buck Award
1999 One of Time Magazine's 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century
2001 World Citizenship Award
2005 David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Awards
2005 One of the World's Elite Women Who Make a Difference by the International Women's Forum Hall of Fame
2006 One of Time Magazine's 65 Asian Heroes
2008 One of A Different View's 15 Champions of World Democracy
EWC Asia Pacific Community Building Award
Women's International Center International Leadership Living Legacy Award
Martin Luther King,

masks:
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
" Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino III
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aurora Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
" Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
. Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino III
Corazon
. Aquino
Aquino III
" Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
" Aquino
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino III
Corazon
Aquino
Aquino III
Aquino
Aquino
Aquino


text_chunks:
Lieutenant General <mask> (24 November 1891 – 13 May 1981) was a Swedish Army officer and Olympic modern pentathlete. Early life
<mask> was born on 24 November 1891 in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of admiral <mask> and baroness Lizinka af Uggla. His brother, <mask>, became lieutenant colonel and served in Finland during the Winter War where he was killed in action. Career

Military career
He was commissioned into the Svea Artillery Regiment (A 1) as a second lieutenant in 1912 and attended at the Artillery and Engineering College from 1914 to 1915. <mask> became a lieutenant in 1915 and attended at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1917 to 1919. He was a cadet in the General Staff from 1920 to 1922, became captain in 1924 and served at the State Railways from 1924 to 1926. <mask> was a teacher at the Artillery and Engineering College from 1926 to 1932, captain in the Svea Artillery Regiment from 1930 to 1932, captain in the General Staff in 1932 and served as bureau chief at the Railway Board (Järnvägsstyrelsen) from 1932 to 1937.He was appointed to major in 1934 and was the first adjutant and lieutenant colonel in the General Staff in 1937. <mask> was head of the Communications Department of the Defence Staff from 1937 to 1939 and lieutenant colonel and commander of the Gotland Artillery Corps (A 7) in 1939. <mask> was appointed colonel in 1940 and was commander of the Svea Artillery Regiment from 1941 to 1942, the commandant of the Boden Fortress as well as the deputy military commander of the VI Military District from 1942 to 1945. He was appointed major general in 1944 and was the military commander of the IV Military District and the Commandant General in Stockholm from 1945 to 1957. He retired from the Army in 1957 and was appointed lieutenant general in the reserve. Athletic career
<mask> won the eventing contest at the 1916 Swedish Games. In the modern pentathlon he won a gold medal at the 1920 and a silver medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics.He competed in the individual and team épée at the 1924, 1928 and 1936 Olympics and won a team silver medal in 1936. He won seven medals in the épée at the world championships of 1931–1938, as well as three national titles, in 1927, 1932 and 1952, aged 60. <mask> won the modern pentathlon at the Nordiska Idrætslege in Copenhagen in 1921, the patrol competition on skis at the 1922 Nordic Games and the Swedish Championship in modern pentathlon in 1922. <mask> was a prominent sports administrator, serving as president of the Swedish Fencing Federation (1936–1940), president of the International Modern Pentathlon Union (IUPM, 1949–1960), and a member of the International Olympic Committee (1952–1970), among other posts. Other work
<mask> was chairman of the Railway Preparedness Investigation from 1935 to 1937, the Inter-Scandinavian Transit Committee in 1939 and the 1945 Military Investigation from 1945 to 1946. He became a member of the Swedish Olympic Committee in 1946 and was chairman of the Swedish Central Association for Sports Promotion (Sveriges centralförening för idrottens främjande) from 1947 to 1961, the Swedish Fencing Federation from 1936 to 1940, the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne and the Biathlon Association from 1949 to 1960. <mask> was a member of the International Olympic Committee from 1952 to 1970 and of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1936.He was CEO of the Society for the Promotion of Ski Sport and Open Air Life (Skid- och friluftsfrämjandet) from 1958 to 1962 and chairman of Uppsala County Hunting Association (Uppsala läns jaktvårdsförening). Personal life
<mask> was married from 1915 to 1953 to Maia Wennerholm (1894–1980), daughter of colonel Malcolm Wennerholm and Elsa Broman. He married a second time in 1953 to Eva Hallin (1910–2007), daughter of the chamberlain Axel Hallin and Helga Kreuger. He was the father of David (born 1922), Gerry (born 1923), Marika (born 1935), Thérese (born 1936) and Wilhelm (born 1938).

masks:
Gustaf Peder Wilhelm Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Wilhelm Dyrssen
Magnus Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen
Dyrssen


text_chunks:
<mask> (born September 29, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played in the NHL with the Buffalo Sabres, Toronto Maple Leafs, New Jersey Devils, Boston Bruins, Colorado Avalanche and Tampa Bay Lightning. He is one of the highest scoring left wingers in NHL history, and, with 274, is in second place of the league's all-time leaders in power-play goals. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2017. Playing career
<mask> was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres from the Ontario Hockey League's Oshawa Generals in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft and played his first NHL season in 1982–83. He went on to play 11 seasons in Buffalo before being traded on February 2, 1993, with Daren Puppa, and a 1993 first-round pick (Kenny Jönsson) to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for Grant Fuhr and a conditional 1995 fifth-round draft pick. He played for the Leafs until 1995–96 when he was traded to the New Jersey Devils, where he stayed until 1999. After New Jersey, he had short stints with the Boston Bruins (1999–2000), Colorado Avalanche (2000), and Buffalo Sabres (2000–01), before settling with the Tampa Bay Lightning (2001–02 to 2005–06).His best season offensively was in 1993–94 when, with Toronto, he posted 53 goals and 99 points. The 1993 and 1994 playoffs also saw <mask> and the Maple Leafs advance to the Conference Finals, where they lost to the Los Angeles Kings and the Vancouver Canucks, respectively. As a result of his successful stint with the team, many Maple Leafs' fans still affectionately refer to him simply as "Uncle <mask>". Andreychuk referred to the famed 1993 run in particular as particularly heartbreaking, as Toronto was eliminated in game seven negating the chance of a Toronto-Montreal Stanley Cup Final in the league's 75th anniversary season. As a member of the Boston Bruins on October 28, 1999, Andreychuk had a four-goal game versus Tampa Bay. In the 2001–02 NHL season, Andreychuk made a shocking move which would pay dividends in the long run. Rather than sign with a Stanley Cup contender, he signed with the lowly Tampa Bay Lightning, to which he was able to bring some much-needed veteran leadership.The Lightning again missed the playoffs that season, and Andreychuk refused trades to contenders, stating his work with the team was not finished. In 2002–03, Lightning head coach John Tortorella appointed <mask> the captain, (succeeding Vincent Lecavalier, who was stripped of the captaincy after the 2000–01 season) and <mask> promptly led the Lightning to the playoffs for the first time in seven seasons. In the 2003–04 NHL season, Andreychuk continued as a key contributor for the Lightning offence, reaching 20 goals for the third consecutive year with the team. Qualifying for the playoffs for a second consecutive year, <mask> helped the Lightning defeat the Calgary Flames in seven games to win the Stanley Cup for the first time in franchise history. Andreychuk went 22 years without being on a Stanley Cup championship team, tying the NHL record with Ray Bourque for the longest career before doing so (Andreychuk had played 1597 regular-season games to that point, and only Bourque had played more career games before being on his first Stanley Cup-winning team). Following the 2004–05 NHL lockout, <mask> returned to the Lightning for the 2005–06 season. After the year off, <mask>'s contributions decreased and on January 10, 2006, he was waived by the Lightning, bringing an end to his career.Post-retirement

On October 1, 2006, Andreychuk rejoined the Lightning as a Community Representative. In 2005, the city of Hamilton renamed the Mountain Arena, following renovations, the <mask>uk Mountain Arena & Skating Centre in his honour. On November 28, 2008, he was inducted into the Buffalo Sabres Hall of Fame. On February 4, 2011, the Tampa Bay Lightning named Andreychuk as their Vice President in charge of fans. He currently serves as the Lightning's Vice President of Corporate & Community Affairs. Personal life
Andreychuk married his wife Sue in 1991 and together they have three daughters, Taylor, Caci and Brooke. The family resides in Tampa, Florida.Prior to his appointment in the Lightning's front office, <mask> and his family resided in East Amherst, New York. Following his retirement from professional sport, Andreychuk also founded the Dave Andreychuk Foundation as a way of giving back to the community. The foundation has two branches, a Canadian one in Andreychuk's home town of Hamilton, Ontario, and a U.S. one in Tampa, Florida where he currently lives. The goals of the foundation are three-fold:  1. Assist children in need, 2. Support causes for children and families enduring chronic and/or life-threatening illness, and 3. Encourage the investment of youth and amateur sports.Records and achievements
 Seventh most games played in NHL history with 1639. 15th most goals scored in NHL history with 640. Tied with Denis Savard for 28th in league history with 1,338 points. Second most NHL career power-play goals with 274. 1991–92 NHL power-play goals leader with 28. 1992–93 NHL power-play goals leader with 32. Played in NHL All-Star Game in 1990 and 1994.Stanley Cup champion  —  2004
 Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2017. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

See also
 List of NHL statistical leaders
 List of NHL players with 1000 points
 List of NHL players with 500 goals
 List of NHL players with 1000 games played

References

External links

Hockeydraftcentral.com

1963 births
Living people
Boston Bruins players
Buffalo Sabres draft picks
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Canadian people of Ukrainian descent
Colorado Avalanche players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first round draft picks
New Jersey Devils players
Oshawa Generals players
Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning announcers
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Toronto Maple Leafs players

masks:
David John Andreychuk
Dave Andreychuk
Andreychuk
Dave
Andreychuk
Andreychuk
Andreychuk
Andreychuk
Andreychuk
Dave Andreych
Andreychuk


text_chunks:
Charles Lothian Lloyd "<mask>" <mask> is an Australian multi-instrumentalist and producer. He has been a member of The New Christs (1987–90), Louis Tillett and His Cast of Aspersions (1990), Tex, Don and Charlie (1993–95, 2005–06), and Beasts of Bourbon (1996–97, 2003). His solo album, Vertigo and Other Phobias, appeared in 1994 on Red Eye/Polydor. <mask> has produced albums by The Plunderers, Louis Tillett (both solo and in a duo with <mask>), Tex Perkins, and Penny Ikinger. As a session player, he has appeared on albums by Tony Buck, Kim Salmon and the Surrealists, Robert Forster, Spencer P. Jones, The Cruel Sea, Steve Prestwich, Conway Savage and Don Walker. In May 2012 Australian Guitar magazine listed <mask> in the Top 40 of Australia's best guitarists. Biography

<mask>'s full name is <mask>.He was raised with two older sisters, both became visual artists. His father was a captain in the navy, he gave <mask> preliminary piano and guitar lessons. His mother was a visual artist who tried to teach him to paint "Jesus how embarrassing, when all my friends were off trying to find cigarette butts to smoke and that... painting bloody pictures, but that was just what we did". At about eight or nine-years-old he formed a duo, Hot Dogs, with a neighbour to play for their parents, they only knew part of "Walk, Don't Run", a surf-jazz instrumental from 1954 by The Ventures. While he was still at primary school the family moved from  to Canberra and, at age 12 or 13, with an older friend he played at a youth club, Griffin Centre. His biggest influences were Django Reinhardt's "irreverence" and John Coltrane's "reverence". <mask> and his family then moved to Brisbane, where he was "a bit lonely" and "just sat around in my room playing guitar".He formed a group with a saxophone player from music class at secondary school. Another group was OME (aka Original Music Ensemble), which was an improvisation group – most of his early playing was in musical theatre and jazz. He was also in Fabulous Dingo Family, co-founded by jazz composer David Pyle, and named after Azaria Chamberlain. In 1982 he was in Ninja Skill, a rock band, alongside <mask>, John Caskey, Rick Caskey, Stephen Marskett, and Larry Ponting. He left in 1984 and relocated to Sydney. In 1985 he played with Tango Bravo which had Tracy Bartelle, Tony Buck on drums, Dave Dwyer, Steve Harris, Mauro Rubby and John Sharp. He described the group as a "commercial pop thing" and initially he had no particular concerns about the group's direction, however "we'd gotten some deal to make a single and I just went, 'No, this shit's too much'" – he suddenly left the band.<mask>'s earliest recorded work was for Meera Atkinson, a performance poet, on her album, This Is the Planet (1987), which was produced by Rob Younger (Died Pretty, Lime Spiders, The Stems). Other session musicians included Brett Myers, Ron Peno, and Louis Tillett. By February 1987 <mask> was invited by Younger to join a reformed version of The New Christs on lead guitar. With Younger on lead vocals, the line-up also had Jim Dickson (ex-Railroad Gin, Survivors, Passengers, Barracudas) on bass guitar and Louis Burdett (ex-Powerhouse, Ed Kuepper Band) on drums. <mask> co-wrote their fourth single, "Another Sin" (June 1989), with Dickson, Younger and Nick Fisher (ex-Wet Taxis) – Burdett's replacement. During 1987 <mask> also provided guitar, with Burdett on drums, for Louis Tillett's (ex-Wet Taxis) debut solo album, Ego Tripping at the Gates of Hell (November). Also on the album were Penny Ikinger on guitar (Wet Taxis) and Diane Spence on saxophone (Wet Taxis & Great White Noise); and Lenny Bastiaans on bass guitar (Great White Noise).Stuart Coupe from The Canberra Times described the album as "a wonderful mixture of jazz, blues and rock'n'roll.Above all it's a spirited, passionate and diverse performance from a little known figure on the fringes of the rock'n'roll scene". <mask> also worked with Tillett in the group, Paris Green, which "covered material ranging from Mose Allison to John Coltrane, Ray Charles to Nina Simone, and on any given night there was as many as nine or ten musicians on stage". In June 1988 <mask> was the record producer for The Plunderers five-track extended play, Trust Us. As a member of New Christs, <mask> supplied guitar, piano and organ, as well as co-writing, for their debut album, Distemper (August 1989). Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described the album as "the definitive statement on the band's sound and style. It contained a wealth of powerful tracks". However later that year the group disbanded.<mask> completed session work on Penguins on Safari's Normal Soon and Tony Buck's The Shape of Things to Come (both 1989). Also that year <mask> joined ex-Cold Chisel pianist and keyboardist, Don Walker, in a blues rock band, Catfish; which toured Australia. In 1990 <mask> teamed with Tillet again, in Louis Tillett and His Cast of Aspersions, both produced the group's album, A Cast of Aspersions (April). McFarlane noted that it was "eclectic set of material driven by Tillett's booming baritone voice and smouldering organ, <mask>'s jagged guitar lines and the swinging brass arrangements". <mask> resumed work with Catfish, he appeared on their second album, Ruby (October 1991), and toured in support of its release. Also in 1991 <mask> joined Divinyls on tour promoting their self-titled album issued January, <mask> played rhythm guitar on Divinyls Live (1991) alongside founding mainstays, Chrissy Amphlett on lead vocals and Mark McEntee on lead guitar, together with Lee Borkman on keyboards, Jerome Smith on bass guitar, and <mask> on drums. Late in 1992 Tex Perkins (of Beasts of Bourbon, The Cruel Sea) contacted <mask> and Walker to work together on four live-to-air tracks for a broadcast by national radio station, JJJ.It was recorded as JJJ Live at the Wireless. The trio made a "vague promise to do something more" in the future. Six months later Perkins and Walker contacted <mask> again, and they formed Tex, Don and Charlie to record their debut album, Sad But True (November 1993). For the album <mask> supplied guitar, dobro and lapsteel. It reached the top 40 on the ARIA Albums Chart. The Canberra Times Mike Gee noted that most of the material was written Perkins and/or Walker but "that isn't to overlook <mask>' guitar work and his swampy instrumental 'Dead Dog Boogie'". McFarlane described the album as a "rootsy collection of acoustic, country-blues songs full of steel guitar and sparse piano".While fellow journalists, John O'Donnell, Toby Creswell and Craig Mathieson, listed it in their book, 100 Best Australian Albums (October 2010). They felt it contained "stories plucked from the night or passed along on back verandahs" and that "Dead Dog Boogie" was a "rambunctious, psychedelic country fair instrumental". Also in 1993 <mask>, on dobro, lapsteel, banjo and organ, joined Maurice Frawley and Working Class Ringos, a rootsy country-blues band. With Frawley on lead vocals and lead guitar, were Des Hefner (The Birthday Party, The Slaughtermen) on drums, and Shane Walsh on bass guitar. Walker described the group as "the best after-midnight band in the world". <mask> called them "the bad boys of folk" who played "the most passionate, beautiful, rollicking, cheeky, heartfelt music you could ever hear". In June 1993 <mask>, Chris Wilson, and three former members of The Triffids: David McComb, Robert McComb and Graham Lee guested on Acuff's Rose's debut studio album, Never Comin' Down.In December that year <mask> rejoined Divinyls for another tour of Australia. Working Class Ringos released an extended play, Whoop Whoop in 1994 and followed with their debut album Livin' Lazy in May 1995. In 1994 Tex, Don and <mask> toured Australia and recorded a live album, Monday Morning Coming Down..., and a related single, "What I Done to Her", which were issued in September. The track was co-written by <mask> and Perkins, it was used on the soundtrack for the 2002 film, Australian Rules. <mask> was a session musician on albums: Robert Forster's I Had a New York Girlfriend, Spencer P. Jones' Rumour of Death (both 1994); The Cruel Sea's Three Legged Dog (April 1995); and Perkins' solo album, Far Be it from Me (1996). <mask> joined Perkins in a reformed line-up of the latter's group, Beasts of Bourbon, in September 1996 alongside Brian Henry Hooper on bass guitar, Jones on guitar and Tony Pola on drums. This line-up recorded the group's fifth studio album, Gone (January 1997), which reached the Top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart.The group disbanded again by the end of that year. Back in 1994 <mask> was also on guitar, bass guitar, piano, organ, drums and percussion in a duo with Joel Silbersher (ex-God, Hoss, Sabotage) on lead vocals, guitar, drums, harmonica and keyboards. The duo issued an album, Tendrils, in the next year. They adopted the album's name for their duo and as Tendrils issued another album, Soaking Red, in 1998 on Half A Cow Records. The label promoted the album as "organic, darkly beautiful, sparse & intense". NMEs reviewer found "tales of lives gone violently awry, set to elusive, near-impressionistic folkadelic orchestration. Organs proffer a narcotic balm, while guitars are picked with pointed economy, like the jibes of an estranged friend".At the ARIA Music Awards of 1999 it was nominated for Best Alternative Release. In 2000 <mask> appeared on Steve Prestwich's Since You've Been Gone and Conway Savage's Nothing Broken. Also that year he produced and provided guitar for Perkins' second solo album, Dark Horses and joined Tex Perkins and the Dark Horses to promote its release. Also in the line-up were Silbersher, Murray Paterson, and Scritch. In March 2005 Tex, Don and <mask> reconvened to record their second album, All is Forgiven. It was shortlisted for the Australian Music Prize. The trio promoted the release with a national tour into early 2006.Also during 2006 <mask> provided acoustic guitar for Walker's second solo album, Cutting Back (July). In May 2009 band mate, Maurice Frawley, died of liver cancer. <mask> worked with another of Frawley's band mates, Paul Kelly, to organise a tribute album, Long Gone Whistle – The Songs of Maurice Frawley (August 2010). Also appearing on the 3× CD release were Amphlett, Perkins, Walker, The Drones, The Kill Devil Hills, Megan Washington and Dan Sultan. A follow up concert in late August launched the album and raised money for one of Frawley's causes, Rochester Secondary College's music program. In May 2012 Australian Guitar magazine listed <mask> in the Top 40 of Australia's best guitarists. Personal life
<mask> is married to Kylie Greer, in 2002 the couple ran a suburban disco in Melbourne.By December 2012 the couple were running an art gallery, they reside in Arthurs Seat with their three children. Fellow musician Paul Kelly wrote and performed "<mask>'s Slide Guitar", which was released on Words and Music (May 1998). Kelly recalled seeing a Tendrils' gig when "<mask> played a strange, harsh run of notes that seemed wrong to me at first. But when I heard them a second time, a verse or two later, they lifted my head clean off my shoulders". Kelly played the track for <mask> backstage in Bendigo after a gig where <mask> and Maurice Frawley had performed as a duo and they had been followed on stage by Kelly and Spencer P. Jones, also as a duo. While Kelly played the newly written song, <mask> mistakenly believed they were "just sitting around making up lyrics and stuff ... they're taking the piss out of me, the pricks". Days later <mask> had the situation clarified and later acknowledged that he was "flattered and touched" by Kelly's tribute.In December 2005 <mask>'s cherished Fender Telecaster Deluxe electric guitar and his 1930s Dobro Kluson slide guitar – referred to in Kelly's song – were stolen. <mask> told The Ages Selma Milovanovic that "My sound on those instruments is what I'm known for. Those sort of guitars are very, very rare, they are unique. It's like having your heart ripped out. It's horrible". Some days later, the thief was caught but had on-sold the goods, <mask> then paid a third-party $200 to buy back his guitars. Discography

Tex, Don & <mask>
 Sad but True - Red Eye/Polydor (RED CD37) (November 1993)
 Monday Morning Coming Down... - Red Eye/Polydor (RED CD43) (February 1995)
 All is Forgiven - Universal Music Group (9873229) (August 2005)
 You Don't Know Lonely - EMI Music (5768318) (June 2017)

<mask>
 Vertigo and Other Phobias - Red Eye/Polydor (RED CD46) (1994)

Louis Tillett & <mask>
 The Ugly Truth - Normal/Return To Sender (RTS 05) (1994)
 Midnight Rain - Normal/Return To Sender (RTS 18) (1995)
 "Storming the Citadel" (10") - Divine Rites (DR03) (1998)

<mask> & Joel Silbersher
 Tendrils - Dog Meat (DOG065CD) (1995)

Tendrils
 Soaking Red - Half A Cow (HAC71) (1998)

Paul Kelly & <mask>
 Death's Dateless Night - Gawd Aggie (2016)

References

General
  Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality
Specific

External links

Living people
Australian rock guitarists
Divinyls members
The New Christs members
Tex, Don and Charlie members
Beasts of Bourbon members
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Charlie
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Charles Lothian Lloyd Owen
Owen
Owen
Charlie Aber
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Charlie Drayton
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owens
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Charlie
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Charlie
Owen
Owen
Owen
Charlie Owen
Charlie Owen
Charlie
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Owen
Charlie
Charlie Owen
Charlie Owen
Charlie Owen
Charlie Owen