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Sir <mask> ( 173824 December 1776) was an officer of the East India Company and a member of parliament for Cricklade. <mask> joined the East India Company as a junior clerk in 1757 but soon transferred to its army. As a lieutenant he was cashiered (dismissed) for insolence but was later restored. <mask> was awarded a knighthood for gallantry in battle and rose in rank to lieutenant-colonel in command of a brigade. He was court-martialled and cashiered for the second time by <mask> for involvement in the 1766 Monghyr Mutiny. Returning to Britain <mask>, during the 1768 general election, stood unsuccessfully at Malmesbury before finding a seat at Cricklade. In parliament, he opposed the government of William Pitt before he was restored to service with the East India Company after the intercession of a fellow MP.He afterwards voted in support of the government. <mask> returned to India in 1772 to command the Madras Army. He soon came into conflict with the presidency's governor Josias Du Pre, after which <mask> chose to leave India and return to Britain. He considered standing at the 1774 British general election but withdrew the day before the poll. Returning to India in 1775, <mask> again came into conflict with the governor, Lord Pigot, which culminated in Pigot's arrest. Sick with tuberculosis, <mask> undertook a sea voyage to convalesce but died at Mauritius during his travels. Early life and career
<mask> was born circa 1738 to <mask> and <mask> (née Lyon).During his youth his father served as a major in Lord Ogilvy's regiment of the Jacobite Army during the rising of 1745. After the defeat of the Jacobites, he fled to Bergen, Norway and did not return to Scotland until 1754. The young <mask> was appointed a writer in the service of the East India Company at Madras in May 1757. He transferred to the company's army as an ensign in September and was promoted to lieutenant. He was cashiered (dismissed from the service) for insolence, but the intervention of senior officer Eyre Coote restored him to his position. <mask>, who served during the Seven Years' War, was promoted to captain in 1760. He returned to England in 1763 and was knighted on 29 December for his gallantry in action.He was promoted to major in 1764 and lieutenant-colonel in 1765. He returned to India in command of a brigade and was implicated in the 1766 Monghyr Mutiny. Court-martialled and cashiered again by <mask>, he returned to England. Political career
Upon his return <mask> sought a seat in Parliament. After first considering Bridport in Dorset he stood, with William Mayne, for the two seats at Malmesbury in the 1768 British general election. The pair garnered just two votes apiece (out of 13 electors) to the 11 won by the Earl of Donegall and Thomas Howard. Undaunted he passed through Cricklade, Wiltshire, just days before the election there and, finding a relative of Clive had declined a seat there, won it on 16 March 1768 without any expenditure whatsoever.The seat is thought to have cost him £4,000 in promised payments to the electors. The second seat went to George Damer, son of the wealthy Lord Milton. In parliament <mask> voted generally in support of the opposition to the government of William Pitt but primarily acted in the interest of his restoration to the East India Company. He had failed to achieve this, by some 30 votes, at the company's General court earlier in the year. Fellow MP George Grenville interceded on his behalf with Clive, who dropped his opposition, and on 15 December 1769 <mask> was reinstated and promoted to colonel. Though formally posted to Madras, he did not sail until 1771 and in the meantime came to support the government in parliament. First return to India
Upon arrival in 1772 <mask> assumed command of the Madras Army from Brigadier General Joseph Smith.Within months <mask> was in conflict with the company's governor of Madras Josias Du Pre. This came to a head in January 1773 when Du Pre dismissed <mask> from the council and ordered him to Trichinopoly to keep him out of the city. <mask> took the opportunity, in March 1773, to leave India. Around this time he wrote to friends in England to ask them to lobby for his appointment as Commander-in-Chief, India, which was not successful. <mask> took part in parliamentary business in 1774, including voting against extending the Parliamentary Elections Act 1770 perpetually. He stated in the House of Commons on 28 February that he would press for an inquiry into the business of the East India Company. The Company afterwards re-engaged his services, promoting him to brigadier-general in April 1774 and posting him to Madras once more.<mask> postponed travelling to contest Cricklade at the 1774 British general election but withdrew the day before the poll. He married Anne Pybus, the daughter of a banker, on 17 December 1774. Second return to India

<mask> arrived in Madras in June 1775 and soon came into conflict with the governor, now Lord Pigot. In October 1775 he once again assumed the role of Commander of the Madras Army and received, ex officio, a seat on the council of the Madras Presidency. <mask> was among the majority of the council that opposed Pigot, and after Pigot expelled the opposition and took possession of Fort St. George he was arrested by the opposition. <mask>, who was then ill with tuberculosis, left India in October 1776 aboard the Greenwich on a journey of convalescence. He died at Mauritius on 24 December.In April 1777 George III, unaware of <mask>'s death, wrote "Sir <mask> appears with his usual inclination to disputes" with regards the Pigot affair. <mask> left a large fortune that allegedly included a large parcel of pearls from an Indian nawab. Notes

References

1776 deaths
British East India Company Army generals
British MPs 1768–1774
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies

masks:
Robert Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Robert Clive
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Robert Fletcher
Robert Fletcher
Elizabeth Fletcher
Robert Fletcher
Fletcher
Robert Clive
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Robert Fletcher
Fletcher


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<mask> (born 25 August 1984) is an Indonesian badminton player. He is an Olympic Games gold medalist, four time World Champion, two time Asian Games gold medalist, and two time All England champion. With these, <mask> has collected all major individual titles in badminton. He is considered to be one of the greatest men's doubles players in badminton history. <mask> was ranked first in the men's doubles with two different partners. Together with Markis Kido, he achieved the world no. 1 in September 2007, and with Mohammad Ahsan in November 2013.He has collected six gold medals at the Southeast Asian Games with the acquisition of 3 in the men's doubles, and 3 in the team event. Teamed-up with Kido, he won the men's doubles titles at the 2005 and 2009 Asian Championships; the 2006 World Cup; the 2007 World Championships; the 2008 Olympic Games; and the 2010 Asian Games. <mask> has also played in the mixed doubles, and the best result was in 2010 Indonesia Open finished as the runner-up with his partner Anastasia Russkikh from Russia. He made a new strong partnership with Mohammad Ahsan at the end of 2012. They had won numerous prestigious titles including the 2013, 2015 and 2019 World Championships; the gold medal in 2014 Asian Games, won All England champion twice, and three times BWF Superseries Finals champions. <mask> holds the record as the oldest player that won the World Championships title at the age of 35. Career overview
In 2005, with Markis Kido, he won the men's doubles title at the Asian Championships, Indonesia Open and SEA Games.In 2006, they also won the Jakarta Satellite, won the 2006 BWF World Cup Invitation after beating Malaysia's Mohd. Fairuzizuan Mohd. Tazari and Lin Woon Fui at Yiyang, Hunan. 2007 was a big year for <mask> and Kido. They were crowned world champions after defeating Jung Jae-sung and Lee Yong-dae from South Korea, 21–19 and 21–19, at the World Championship finals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. They also captured the China Open Superseries after defeating China 's Guo Zhendong and Xie Zhongbo. In July, they were runners-up at the China Masters Superseries, this time losing to Cai Yun and Fu Haifeng, 15–21, 16–21.They won the Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold event in September over the Danish veterans Lars Paaske and Jonas Rasmussen. In December, they won the Hong Kong Open Superseries after overcoming two of Indonesia's "all-time" greats Candra Wijaya and Tony Gunawan 21–12, 18–21, 21–13 in the final. At the Southeast Asian Games in Thailand, they helped Indonesia win the men's team gold medal, and won men's doubles gold in the individual events after defeating Hendri Kurniawan Saputra and <mask> Wijaya, Indonesian-born players who represented Singapore. In January 2008, they won the Malaysian Open Superseries. In August 2008, they captured their most prestigious prize yet, at the Beijing Olympic Games. They took the gold medal in the men's doubles after defeating Cai Yun and Fu Haifeng of China 12–21, 21–11, 21–16, thus more than avenging their loss to that team in the 2007 China Masters event. In September 2008, <mask> teamed with Kido to win the 2008 China Masters Superseries after beating the Chinese pair of Sun Junjie and Xu Chen in the final round.In October, they won the Denmark Open Superseries after beating another Chinese pair, Fu Haifeng and Shen Ye in a straight set final. In November in Paris, they added the French Open Superseries to their list after defeating yet another Chinese pairing, Cai Yun and Xu Chen, in another straight set final round. In January 2009, they won the Malaysia Open Superseries. In September 2009 they won Japan Open Superseries after beating other Indonesian pair, Rian Sukmawan and Yonathan Suryatama 21–19 and 24–22 in the final round. In October 2009, they won French Open Superseries. In December 2009, they defeated Malaysian Koo Kien Keat / Tan Boon Heong to win gold medal at the Southeast Asian Games. They continued their domination to win gold medal 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China after beating Koo Kien Keat and Tan Boon Heong.Although qualified for participation in men's doubles competition, <mask> has not participated at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London because of his pair Markis Kido withdrew from the participation due to the personal problems. Now he's pairing with a younger partner Mohammad Ahsan. They won their first tournament in 2013 Malaysia Open Superseries after beating Korean pair Lee Yong-dae and Ko Sung-hyun 21–15, 21–13 in the final. They also won their second tournament in 2013 Indonesia Open Superseries Premier again with another victory against Lee Yong-dae and Ko Sung-hyun with straight game 21–14 and 21–18. Once again, they defeated the Korean pair for the third time in third final of Superseries tournament with straight sets 21–15 and 21–18 at the 2013 Singapore Open Superseries on June 23, 2013. In August 2013, they became World Champions after winning 2013 BWF World Championships defeated the Danes pair Mathias Boe and Carsten Mogensen 21–13, 23–21, without losing any single game to all of their opponents since the first round. in the end of 2013, they won the 2013 after defeated Kim Gi-jung
and Kim Sa-rang in straight sets.In March 2014, <mask> and Ahsan won 2014 All England Open Superseries Premier after beating Japanese Hiroyuki Endo and Kenichi Hayakawa in the final 21–19, 21–19. This is the first All England title for both Setiawan and Ahsan as a pair and as a personal. This title makes Setiawan collected all of the major title in badminton international. in Agustus, they got gold medal in 2014 Asian Games after beat Korean pair Lee Yong-dae and Yoo Yeon-seong 21–16, 16–21, 21–17. <mask> and Ahsan won three titles in 2015, Malaysia Open 2015, BWF Super Series Finals 2015, and their second World Champions as a pair after winning 2015 BWF World Championships in their home-country defeated the Chinese pair Liu Xiaolong and Qiu Zihan 21–17, 21–14. They failed to captured the Badminton Asia Championships 2015 after beaten by their rival Lee Yong-dae and Yoo Yeon-seong 21–18, 22–24, 19–21. <mask> competed in badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics in men's doubles with partner Mohammad Ahsan as the second seeded, but the duo were eliminated in the group stage.After splitting up and each focus on their own career in late 2016, Setiawan and Ahsan briefly together again as a pair and success resurgence as one of the most dominant pair in 2019 badminton season. That year maybe their best season as a couple, where they unpredictable entered 11 finals and succeeded became the first men's doubles player that able to won 3 major titles in a year. They won All England Open 2019 in three sets over Malaysian pair 11–21, 21–14, 21–12, then captured their third World Champions as a pair after winning 2019 BWF World Championships defeated Japanese duo Takuro Hoki and Yugo Kobayashi 21–17, 21–14, and beaten strong Japanese pair Hiroyuki Endo and Yuta Watanabe in straight sets 24–22, 21–19 to won World Tour Finals 2019. These achievements succeeded lifted up their rangking as the World number 2 in the end of the year, behind the long regime of their younger countrymen Marcus Fernaldi Gideon and Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo. In 2021, Setiawan made his third appearance at the Summer Olympics in 2020 Tokyo. Competing with Mohammad Ahsan as 2nd seeds, he finished fourth after being defeated by Aaron Chia and Soh Wooi Yik in the bronze medal match. Setiawan has won 2008 Olympic Games, 2 times Asian Games one with Markis Kido in 2010 dan one with Ahsan in 2014, 4 times BWF World Championships one with Kido and three with Ahsan, he also won BWF Superseries Finals in Kuala Lumpur in the end of 2013.In March 2019, <mask> and Ahsan won their second All England title defeating the Malaysia's Aaron Chia and Soh Wooi Yik in 11–21,21-14,21-12. Participation at Indonesian Team
 5 time at Sudirman Cup (2007, 2009, 2013, 2015, 2019)
 8 times at Thomas Cup (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020)

Awards and nominations

Achevements

Olympic Games
Men's doubles

BWF World Championships
Men's doubles

World Cup
Men's doubles

Asian Games
Men's doubles

Asian Championships
Men's doubles

Southeast Asian Games
Men's doubles

Asian Junior Championships
Boys' doubles

Mixed doubles

BWF World Tour (4 titles, 10 runners-up)
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tours are divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100. Men's doubles

BWF Superseries (18 titles, 10 runners-up)
The BWF Superseries, which was launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, was a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). BWF Superseries levels were Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries consisted of twelve tournaments around the world that had been introduced since 2011. Successful players were invited to the Superseries Finals, which were held at the end of each year.Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

 BWF Superseries Finals tournament
  BWF Superseries Premier tournament
 BWF Superseries tournament

BWF Grand Prix (7 titles, 3 runners-up)
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017. The World Badminton Grand Prix was sanctioned by the International Badminton Federation from 1983 to 2006. Men's doubles

 BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
 BWF & IBF Grand Prix tournament

BWF International Challenge/Series/Satellite (1 title, 1 runner-up)
Men's doubles

 BWF International Challenge tournament
 BWF International Series/ Satellite tournament

Performance timeline

National team
 Junior level

 Senior level

Individual competitions

Junior level

Boy's doubles

Mixed doubles

Senior level

Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

Personal life
<mask> was born in Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia. He is the son of Ferry Yoegianto and Kartika Christyaningrum. He has two older sisters Silvia Anggraeni and Ivone Anggraeni. Silvia Anggraeni is married to a former Indonesian badminton player <mask>.He started to playing badminton at the age of seven, trained at the Sinar Mutiara club in Tegal. When he was in the middle school, Setiawan moved to Jaya Raya club in Jakarta. He married Sandiani Arief on 9 October 2011, and the ceremony was held at the JW Marriott Jakarta. His wife gave birth to twin babies named Richard Heinrich Setiawan and Richelle Hillary Setiawan on 19 February 2014. <mask> and his wife welcomed another baby boy named Russell Howard <mask> on 26 July 2017. 1 badminton players

masks:
Hendra Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Hendra
Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Setiawan
Hendrawan
Hendra
Setiawan


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<mask> (born April 14, 1935) is an American science fiction author whose novels frequently deal with attempts to make contact with alien races, and with archaeology or xenoarchaeology. Most of his books follow either superluminal pilot Priscilla "Hutch" Hutchins or galactic relic hunters Alex Benedict and Chase Kolpath. McDevitt has received numerous nominations for Hugo, Nebula, and John W. Campbell awards. Seeker won the 2006 Nebula Award for Best Novel. <mask>'s first published story was "The Emerson Effect" in The Twilight Zone Magazine in 1981. Biography
<mask> went to La Salle University, where a short story of his won the annual Freshman Short Story Contest and was published in the school's literary magazine, Four Quarters. As McDevitt explained in an interview, "I was on my way.Then I read David Copperfield and realized I could never write at that level, and therefore I should find something else to do. I joined the Navy, drove a cab, became an English teacher, took a customs inspector's job on the northern border, and didn't write another word for a quarter-century." <mask> received a master's degree in literature from Wesleyan University in 1971. He returned to writing when his wife, Maureen, encouraged him to try his hand at it in 1980. , <mask> lives near Brunswick, Georgia. In 2005, he donated his archive to the department of Rare Books and Special Collections at Northern Illinois University. The novel Seeker won the 2006 Nebula Award for Best Novel, given by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. He has been nominated for the Nebula Award sixteen times; Seeker is his only win.Themes
With The Engines of God (1994), McDevitt introduced the idea of a universe that was once teeming with intelligent life, but contains only their abandoned artifacts by the time humans arrive on the scene. The main character of The Engines of God, pilot Priscilla Hutchins, has since appeared in seven more books, Deepsix (2001), Chindi (2002), Omega (2003), Odyssey (2006), Cauldron (2007), StarHawk (2013), and The Long Sunset (2018). The mystery surrounding the destructive "Omega Clouds" (which are introduced in The Engines of God) is left unexplored until Omega. McDevitt's novels frequently raise questions which he does not attempt to answer. He prefers to leave ambiguities to puzzle and intrigue his readers: "Some things are best left to the reader's very able imagination." The SF Site's Steven H Silver has written about this:

Bibliography

Novels
The Hercules Text (1986) (a revised version was also published as part of Hello Out There)
Eternity Road (1998)
Moonfall (1998)
Infinity Beach (2000) (variant title (UK) Slow Lightning)
Time Travelers Never Die (2009)
The Cassandra Project, with Mike Resnick (2012)

Academy Series - Priscilla "Hutch" Hutchins
StarHawk (2013), (prequel)
The Engines of God (1994), (book 1)
Deepsix (2001), (book 2)
Chindi (2002), (book 3)
Omega (2003), (book 4),
Odyssey (2006), (book 5),
Cauldron (2007), (book 6)
The Long Sunset (2018), (book 7),
The short stories "Melville on Iapetus" (1983), "Promises to Keep" (1984), "Oculus" (2002), "The Big Downtown" (2005), "Kaminsky at War" (2006), "Maiden Voyage" (2012), "Waiting at the Altar" (2012), and "The Cat's Pajamas" (2012) are also set in the Academy universe. Alex Benedict
A Talent for War (1989) (also published as part of Hello Out There)
Polaris (2004),
Seeker (2005) - winner of Nebula Award for Best Novel,
The Devil's Eye (2008),
Echo (2010),
Firebird (November 1, 2011),
Coming Home (November 4, 2014),
Octavia Gone (May 7, 2019),

The short stories "In the Tower" (1987) and "A Voice in the Night" (2013) are also set in the Alex Benedict universe.

masks:
Jack McDevitt
McDevitt
McDevitt
McDevitt
McDevitt


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Elias Calvin "<mask>" <mask> (October 28, 1904 – January 15, 1968) was an American left-handed baseball center fielder. <mask> played professional baseball from 1925 to 1941, including four seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees (1929), Detroit Tigers (1930), and Chicago White Sox (1932–1933). He played only two full seasons in the majors. In 1930, he was Detroit's starting center fielder and compiled a .275 batting average with 26 doubles, 11 triples, 65 RBIs, and 12 stolen bases. In 1932, he was Chicago's starting center fielder with a .259 batting average, 40 RBIs, and 17 stolen bases. Known for his speed, his range factor in the outfield ranked second in the American League in both 1930 and 1932. During his minor league career, <mask>s (1939), and Pueblo Rollers (1941).Early years
<mask> was born in 1904 on a farm near La Cygne, Kansas. He moved to Oklahoma City and attended Oklahoma City Central High School. In high school, he played baseball (as a pitcher and outfielder) and American football (as a quarterback and an all-state halfback) from 1921 to 1923. He then attended the University of Oklahoma for a year, though he did not play football or baseball there due to restrictions on freshman eligibility. Professional baseball

Oklahoma City
<mask> signed his first professional contract with the Oklahoma City Indians of the Western League while still in high school. Playing at the time as a pitcher, he did not make the club during spring training and returned to high school. He returned to the Indians in April 1925.He played in the outfield for the Indians during the 1925 season and hit .306 with a .447 slugging percentage, 41 doubles, 15 triples, and seven home runs. <mask> improved further in 1926, batting .339 with a .491 slugging percentage. He also had 209 hits and 129 runs, led the Western League with 53 stolen bases, and tied for the league lead with 21 triples. And in the outfield, he tallied 431 putouts and 18 assists against 17 errors. St. Paul, New York and <mask> was purchased by the New York Yankees on October 12, 1926. During the Yankees' training camp in 1927, <mask> was touted as the man who would replace Earl Combs in center field. The New York Daily News called <mask> "a demon outfielder", and Manager Miller Huggins described him as "a fine young player – a hard left-handed hitter, fast in the outfield and a good thrower."Despite the praise heaped on <mask> during spring training, the Yankees sent him under option in late March 1927 to the St. Paul Saints of the American Association. He spent the 1927 and 1928 seasons at St. Paul. He showed a strong throwing arm in the outfield while playing with St. Paul, tallying 22 assists in 1927 and 21 in 1928. He also impressed at the plate, batting .311 in 1927 (with a .451 slugging percentage) and .304 in 1928. He also hit 20 triples in 1927. <mask> finally made it to the Yankees at the start of the 1929 season, but he appeared in only one game, on April 26, 1929, and did not have a plate appearance. In early May, he was sold to the Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League.In 150 games for the Stars, he compiled a .384 batting average with a career-high .554 slugging percentage and 302 total bases. Detroit Tigers
In September 1929, the Detroit Tigers purchased <mask> from Hollywood in exchange for cash and two players. In 1930, <mask> appeared in 140 games for the Tigers, including 127 as the team's starting center fielder. He hit .279 with a .389 slugging percentage, 21 doubles, 11 triples, four home runs, 65 RBIs, 74 runs, and 12 stolen bases. His four home runs included a grand slam on July 26 against the New York Yankees – the team that had discarded him without a single plate appearance. He also hit a bases-loaded triple against the Yankees on August 14. <mask> also ranked third in the American League with 23 sacrifice hits and fifth with five times having been hit by a pitch.He also ranked among the league's as a center fielder with 354 putouts (third), eight assists (third), four double plays (third), a .965 fielding percentage (fourth), and 13 errors (second). His range factor of 2.98 per nine innings was the third best among all American League outfielders. As the 1931 season began, the Tigers were full of talent in the outfield, and the Detroit Free Press noted that <mask>'s "attitude has proven to be unpleasant all spring." The Tigers initially sold <mask> to Sacramento in the Pacific Coast League (PCL). However, <mask> threatened to quit the game rather than return to the PCL where he had spent his 1929 season. Accordingly, on April 14, the Tigers sold <mask> to the Louisville Colonels of the American Association. Louisville and Chicago
Funk appeared in 150 games for Louisville in 1931, batting .282 with a .404 slugging percentage and 15 triples.In the outfield, he made 375 putouts and had 13 assists and 16 errors. On April 21, 1932, Louisville traded <mask> to the Chicago White Sox in exchange for Mel Simons. <mask> played in 122 games for the White Sox (103 as the team's starting center fielder) in 1932  As in 1930, he ranked among the American League's center fielders with 311 putouts (fifth), 11 assists (third), four double plays (second), seven errors (fifth), and a .979 fielding percentage (fourth). His range factor of 3.22 per nine innings was the second highest among all of the league's outfielders. At the plate, <mask>'s batting average dipped to .259 in 1932. He ranked fifth in the league with 17 stolen bases, but he also ranked second with 15 times caught stealing. In 1933, <mask> played in only 10 games for the White Sox.He appeared in his last major league game on May 20, 1933. Minor leagues
On May 25, 1933, the San Francisco Seals acquired <mask> on an option from the White Sox. He appeared in 110 games for the Seals in 1933 with a .298 batting average and .413 slugging percentage. He returned to the Seals in 1934, appeared in 169 games, and compiled a .288 batting average and .384 slugging percentage. In 1935, <mask> tried to purchase the Oklahoma City Indians. When his efforts were unsuccessful, he signed with the Tulsa Oilers of the Texas League. He played for Tulsa in both 1935 and 1936.In 1939, <mask> was player-manager for the Salina Millers of the Western Association. He played in 20 games and compiled a .397 batting average and .500 slugging percentage. In 1941, <mask> finished his baseball career at age 36 with the Pueblo Rollers in the Western League. In his final season, he compiled a .288 batting average with a .399 on-base percentage in 61 games. Later years
<mask> did not marry and had no children. He died in 1968 at age 63 in an Oklahoma City hospital. He was buried in Fairlawn Cemetery in Oklahoma City.References

External links

1904 births
1968 deaths
Major League Baseball center fielders
Baseball players from Kansas
New York Yankees players
Detroit Tigers players
Chicago White Sox players
Oklahoma City Indians players
St. Paul Saints (AA) players
Hollywood Stars players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
San Francisco Seals (baseball) players
Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players
Salina Millers players
People from La Cygne, Kansas
University of Oklahoma alumni

masks:
Liz
Funk
Funk
Funkina Miller
Funk
Funk
Funk
Hollywood Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk
Funk


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<mask>,  (; born December 22, 1938) is a Canadian lawyer, diplomat and retired politician. Minister for two years in the Mulroney cabinet, <mask> then led the emerging Bloc Québécois and became Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 1996. He became a central figure for the "Yes" side in the 1995 Quebec referendum, alongside Jacques Parizeau, whom he succeeded to serve as the 27th premier of Quebec from January 29, 1996, to March 8, 2001. Early life
<mask> was born in Saint-Cœur-de-Marie, Québec, the son of Alice (née Simard) and <mask>. His brother is the historian <mask>. He practised law in Chicoutimi until 1985, while being given many charges as a public servant over the years: president of the arbitration committee for the education sector (1970 to 1976), prosecutor in chief for the commission for labour and industry (Cliche commission, 1974–75), and co-president of the study commission on the public and parapublic sectors (Martin-Bouchard commission — 1975). From then, he acted as a coordinator or member of many special teams on behalf of Quebec's government in the trade union negotiations for the public sector.In a 2000 interview with the journalist Michel Auger about his work with the Cliche commission, <mask> named union boss André Desjardins one of the most toughest witnesses that he ever cross-examined. Early years in politics and diplomacy
<mask>'s relationship with politics is a complex one, as he affiliated himself over the years with various political parties with highly diverging ideologies, going as far as founding one, the Bloc Québécois. <mask> has been a Quebec nationalist during his entire political career. Contrary to popular belief, during the 1970 Quebec general election, he did not work for the federalist Quebec Liberal Party. He was deeply shaken by the events of Quebec's October Crisis, especially by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's imposition of the War Measures Act requested by then Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa. <mask> worked with the "Yes" side during the 1980 Quebec referendum on sovereignty. In 1984 Brian Mulroney, <mask>'s close friend from his law school days at Université Laval, became Canadian Prime Minister.Mulroney would go on to ask <mask> to serve in various official capacities, including (in 1985) as Canadian ambassador to France. MP in the House of Commons

Cabinet Minister in the Mulroney Cabinet
In 1988, <mask> returned to Canada to serve as Mulroney's Quebec lieutenant, and was elected as a Progressive Conservative from a Saguenay-area riding. He was immediately named to Cabinet as Secretary of State and later Minister of the Environment. While still a strong Quebec nationalist, he believed that Mulroney's Meech Lake Accord was sufficient to placate nationalist feelings and keep Quebec in Confederation. However, after a commission headed by Jean Charest recommended some changes to the Accord, <mask> opposed them, saying they diluted the original spirit and objectives of Meech. Mulroney rejected his reasoning. Formation of the Bloc Québécois

Soon afterward, <mask> declared himself a sovereigntist and sent a message of support to the PQ, which was holding an anniversary meeting in his riding.When Mulroney learned about this, he called <mask> into his office and fired him, though <mask> long publicly insisted that he had resigned rather than support what he saw as a betrayal of Meech. It turned out that <mask> had cut a deal with PQ leader Jacques Parizeau in which <mask> would declare his support for sovereigntism; PQ leaders had told <mask> that if Meech succeeded, it would mean the end of the PQ. Mulroney only learned of the deal when Parizeau revealed the plot in the early 2000s, and was angered to learn that <mask> had "cooked up the deal with Parizeau while he was a member of my cabinet." Years later, Mulroney told CTV News' Lloyd Robertson that he seriously considered sacking <mask> when Bouchard supported Quebec's ban on English-language signs after promising Mulroney that he opposed them. In hindsight, Mulroney said, not firing <mask> then was "a mistake." The two have not spoken to each other since then, though they have occasionally run into each other in Montreal. <mask> resigned from the Progressive Conservatives soon afterward, and sat as an independent for a few months.After the failure of the Meech Lake Accord, <mask> formed the sovereigntist Bloc Québécois with five former Tories and two former Liberals. The PQ campaigned for the Bloc in the 1993 federal election in order to prepare Quebec for sovereignty, according to the Three Periods strategy devised by Parizeau. In this election, the Bloc Québécois won 54 out of 75 ridings in Quebec, including a near-sweep of the francophone ridings. Despite only running candidates in Quebec, its heavy concentration of support there was enough to give it the second-most seats in the House. <mask> thus became the first separatist leader of the Opposition in the history of Canada. Leader of the Opposition
Soon after the election, <mask> discovered that most of the members of his large caucus could not speak English nearly well enough to use it in debate (although he and most of the Bloc's other founding members were fluently bilingual). More or less out of necessity, he announced that Bloc MPs would only speak French on the Commons floor, a policy that remains in place to this day.Since the Official Opposition has considerable advantages over the other parties not in government, Question Periods during the 35th Parliament were dominated by issues of Canadian unity. However, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien regarded Reform leader Preston Manning as his main opponent on non-Quebec matters. For example, in 1995, when <mask> garnered an invitation to meet visiting US President Bill Clinton by virtue of being Opposition Leader, Manning was also granted a meeting with Clinton in order to diffuse <mask>'s separatist leverage. <mask> was still serving in that capacity in Ottawa, and working closely with the provincial Parti Québécois to bring about the independence of Quebec, when he lost a leg to necrotizing fasciitis on December 1, 1994. 1995 referendum on sovereignty
In 1995, <mask> signed, as Bloc leader, a tripartite agreement with Parti Québécois leader Jacques Parizeau and Action démocratique leader Mario Dumont, which mapped the way to the referendum on independence. He was instrumental in convincing Parizeau to include a plan of association with Canada in the referendum question. He campaigned with the other two leaders for the "Oui" side.Quebec premier Jacques Parizeau first led the "Oui" campaign but, as support for sovereignty began to plateau, <mask> was given the official leadership. The referendum was extremely narrowly defeated by a majority vote of 50.58% to 49.42%. Not long before the 1995 referendum, <mask> drew considerable ire when he said on October 14, 1995, "We're one of the white races that has the fewest children." Liza Frulla, former Quebec culture minister commented, "We were shocked and hurt by Mr. <mask>'s various comments over the weekend. ... He is insulting our intelligence." Premier of Quebec
After the Yes side lost the 1995 referendum, Parizeau resigned as Quebec premier.<mask> was acclaimed his successor as leader of the Parti Québécois in January 1996, and was appointed premier of Quebec shortly afterward. On the matter of sovereignty, while in office, he stated that no new referendum would be held, at least for the time being. In 2014, <mask> revealed to Chantal Hébert that he had no plans calling for a referendum when becoming Premier. A main concern of the <mask> government, considered part of the necessary "conditions gagnantes" ("winning conditions" for the feasibility of a new referendum on sovereignty), was economic recovery through the achievement of "zero deficit". Long-term Keynesian policies resulting from the "Quebec model", developed by both PQ governments in the past and the previous Liberal government had left a substantial deficit in the provincial budget. <mask> led the PQ into the 1998 provincial election. He faced his former Cabinet colleague, Charest, who was now leader of the provincial Liberal Party.Although the Liberals won a narrow plurality of the popular vote, most of their margin was wasted on huge majorities in federalist areas of the province. As a result, the PQ suffered a net loss of only one seat, allowing it another term in government. As Premier, <mask> presided both over balanced budgets and a significant expansion of the province's social safety net with the implementation of a universal childcare system and pharmacare. During his time as Premier, <mask> refused to grant provincial funding to the Montreal Expos for a new stadium, which would have played a major role in helping the Expos stay in Montreal. <mask> said that he couldn't in good conscience authorize funding for a new sports facility when the province was being forced to shutter hospitals. Retirement

<mask> retired from electoral politics in 2001, and was replaced as Quebec premier by Bernard Landry. He stated that his relative failure to revive the sovereigntist flame was a cause of his departure, something for which he took responsibility.Others have speculated that the Michaud Affair, regarding allegedly anti-Semitic comments by Parti Québécois candidate Yves Michaud, was another factor favouring <mask>'s departure. He returned to practising law by becoming a partner at Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg, where he specializes in commercial and corporate law. He serves as a negotiator, legal counsel and mediator in commercial matters and, occasionally, in labour-related disputes. He sits on the board of several private companies as well as organizations like the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, TC Transcontinental, Saputo Inc., Groupe BMTC and, until August 2021, TFI International. In April 2004, he helped launch the Centre for International Studies of the Université de Montréal (CÉRIUM), of which he is a board member. He served as President of the Quebec Oil and Gas Association from 2011 until 2013. After retiring as premier, <mask> avoided making public comments on politics until 2010, when he used a panel event celebrating the 100th anniversary of Montreal newspaper Le Devoir to contend that sovereignty was out of reach for Quebec.Although he still considered himself a sovereigntist at heart, <mask> argued that that sovereignty did not offer any solutions for Quebec. He also accused the PQ of being so fixated on independence that it had no solutions for the province's basic needs, and also accused it of pandering to xenophobic elements by taking a hard line on immigration. In response, several sovereigntists, including PQ leader Pauline Marois, accused <mask> of becoming one of the party's many belle mères, or "armchair quarterbacks." <mask> revealed in a 2014 documentary that the Bloc Québécois was only intended to last long enough to prepare the ground for the 1995 referendum. He believed its long duration weakened Quebec's influence within Canada by limiting the potential pool for federal cabinet ministers in successive Liberal and Conservative governments. He also averred that the 1995 referendum may have passed had it been part of a two-step process. In his view, there should have been a first referendum to give the government the authority to negotiate Quebec sovereignty with an economic and political partnership with Canada and a second to approve the results of negotiations.He blamed Parizeau's rejection of that approach for the referendum's failure. Personal life
<mask> married his first wife, Jocelyne Côte, on October 15, 1966. Following their divorce, <mask> married his second wife,  Audrey Best. Best was the Côte d'Azur-born and California-raised daughter of James Best, a U.S. Navy officer, and his French wife, Marie-Josée Massa. Best worked as a flight attendant, where she met <mask>. She later became a lawyer, eventually working for the Heenan-Blaikie firm of Montreal. She died on January 25, 2011, aged 50, from breast cancer.Best had separated from <mask> for several years before her passing. On May 18, 2013, <mask> married his third wife, Solange Dugas. <mask> has two children, Alexandre and Simon, who hold dual Canadian-United States citizenship via Audrey Best, their mother. In 1994, while serving as Leader of the Opposition, <mask> lost his left leg to a type of flesh-eating bacteria. "Pour un Québec lucide"
On October 19, 2005, <mask> and eleven other Quebecers of different backgrounds and political aspirations published a manifesto entitled "Pour un Québec lucide" ("For a clear-eyed vision of Quebec"). The manifesto warned Quebec's aging population about the challenges the future poses, demographically, economically and culturally. It made a certain impression on the Parti Québécois leadership race of 2005, getting mixed reactions.It was well-received in other quarters, garnering praise on the editorial page of The Globe and Mail. On October 16, 2006, <mask> declared to TVA news  reporter Paul Larocque, that the population of the province is not working enough and that it should be more productive in order to produce more resources for the population. He also added that his generation had contracted 75% of the province's current debt and that the future generations should not be handling the burden of paying for the previous ones. Legacy
His government implemented some controversial policies, including cuts to the province's health care spending in order to balance the provincial budget, and the amalgamation of Quebec's larger cities undertaken by his successor Bernard Landry. Other aspects of his legacy include the creation of a low-cost, universal public daycare system, the implementation of a universal system of pharmacare, the birth of Emploi Québec, and achieving a balanced budget. He is remembered for his sometimes short fuse when provoked and his unforgiving demands for excellence in those he worked with, but also for his charm and eloquence, and was appreciated as a formidable foe by his political adversaries. <mask> has stated that he will not return to politics.Elections as party leader
He won the 1998 election and resigned in 2001. <mask> is the only PQ leader to be Premier of Quebec for his entire leadership and the only non-interim PQ leader to never lose an election. Honours
Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada 31 March 1988. 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal (1992)
 On April 7, 2000, <mask> received a Doctorate Honoris causa of Law from the Lumière University Lyon 2. Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)
 Commander of the Legion of Honour (2002)
 On October 5, 2006, <mask> received a second Doctorate Honoris causa of Law, this time from the Law Faculty of the Université de Montréal. On April 27, 2007, <mask> received a third Doctorate Honoris causa from the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC). Grand Commander of the National Order of Quebec (2008)
 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012)

See also
List of Quebec premiers
Nicknames of Quebec premiers
Quebec sovereignty movement
History of Quebec
Politics of Quebec
Politics of Canada

References

Further reading

In English

 Cornellier, Manon (1995).The Bloc, Toronto: James Lorimer & Co. [translated by Robert Chodos, Simon Horn and Wanda Taylor]
 <mask> (1994): On the Record, Toronto: Stoddart [translated by Dominique Clift]

In French
 Caron, Jean-François (2015), "<mask>, le pragmatisme politique", Québec: Les Presses de l'Université Laval
 Côté, André-Philippe and David, Michel (2001). Les années Bouchard, Sillery: Septentrion

 <mask> (1996). <mask>ard mot à mot, Montreal: Stanké, 384 p. [prepared by Rémi Maillard]
 <mask> (1992). À visage découvert, Montreal: Boréal
 <mask> profile in Vigile.net, 2008
 Bouchard profile in L'Encyclopédie de L'Agora, updated May 25, 2006
 Beauregard, Denis. "Généalogie de <mask>uchard", in FrancoGene, 2003
 Duguay, Nicolas. <mask>ard profile in Radio-Canada.ca, 2001

External links

Agora biography
Bilan du Siècle biography
<mask>ard page at CÉRIUM

Premiers of Quebec
Quebec lieutenants
Bloc Québécois leaders
Bloc Québécois MPs
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Parti Québécois MNAs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Ambassadors of Canada to France
Grand Officers of the National Order of Quebec
Members of the Executive Council of Quebec
Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
Lawyers in Quebec
People from Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean
French Quebecers
Canadian amputees
1938 births
Living people
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Canadian politicians with physical disabilities
Université Laval alumni
Leaders of the Parti Québécois
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Canadian political party founders
Canadian Roman Catholics
Members of the 24th Canadian Ministry
Université Laval Faculté de droit alumni
21st-century Canadian politicians

masks:
Lucien Bouchard
Bouchard
Bouchard
Philippe Bouchard
Gérard Bouchard
Bouchard
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Lucien Bouchard
Lucien Bouchard
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Lucien Bouch
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Lucien Bo
Lucien Bouch
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<mask> (1 March 1913 – 20 July 1995) was a historian of photography, collector, and photographer. Early life and education
Born in Munich, Germany, he was the third son of the academic librarian <mask> and his wife Hermine Scholz. He studied art history at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He took up photography in 1934 at the urging of his brother, :de:<mask>, who thought it a more practical profession, for someone from a partially Jewish background who intended to leave Nazi Germany. He graduated from the State School of Photography, Munich, after two years' study. Gernsheim started working as a colour photographer using the German Uvachrome process before going to Paris for an exhibition of his work and then to London to work on a commission from the National Gallery, London. World War II
At the outset of World War II, <mask> was deported on the Dunera and interned as a "friendly enemy alien" for a year at Hay in New South Wales, Australia along with other German nationals including Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack of the Bauhaus, Heinz Henghes (sculptor), Hein Heckroth (film and stage designer), George Teltscher (graphic artist), Klaus Friedeberger (painter), tenor Erich Liffmann, composer Ray Martin, artist Johannes Koelz, photographers Henry Talbot and Hans Axel, art historians Franz Phillipp and Ernst Kitzinger, author Ulrich Boschwitz, furniture designers Fred Lowen and Ernst Roedeck, and Erwin Fabian (sculptor).While interned, he lectured other internees on the aesthetics of photography and wrote his critique on photography, New Photo Vision, which was published in 1942 and led to his becoming a friend of fellow critic and historian Beaumont Newhall. <mask> earned his release from internment by volunteering to work for the National Buildings Record, returning to London in 1942 to photograph important monuments with a view to revealing their artistic merits. These photographs became the basis of two more books. They were praised by critics including Kenneth Clark and Nikolaus Pevsner and in 1943 were described by The Architectural Review as "nothing short of a rediscovery of the Baroque monuments". Around this time he won a coveted position with the Warburg Institute as the chief photographer for the London area. He joined The Royal Photographic Society in 1940 become a Fellow (FRPS) in 1942. He met his future wife Alison in 1938 and, after she and her first husband, Blen Williams, divorced, they set up home together in 1942 and married at the end of the war.<mask> was granted British citizenship in 1946 and continued to live in London for most of his life. Collection
In 1945, at Newhall's prompting, <mask> and <mask> started collecting the works of historic photographers, especially British ones, which were disappearing. They amassed a huge collection containing work by Julia Margaret Cameron, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Hill & Adamson, William Henry Fox Talbot, and Louis Daguerre. They rediscovered the long-lost hobby of Lewis Carroll when in 1947 <mask> stumbled across an album of Carroll's portraits in a junk shop. Ultimately this collection, along with an estimated 3–4 million words of notes on the subject led to his writing the 180,000-word book The History of Photography. When the first edition was published by the OUP in 1955 it became an instant classic and the definitive reference work for historians of photography for decades afterwards, being described by Beaumont Newhall as "a milestone in the history of photography" and by other reviewers as "the photographer's bible" and "an encyclopaedic work". Along the way, in 1952 <mask> rediscovered the long-lost world's first surviving permanent photograph from nature, created by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1827 (View from the Window at Le Gras).<mask> and Alison continued to publish numerous articles and books on various aspects of photography and a variety of photographers. Ultimately, Gernsheim needed to find a home for his vast collection of over 33,000 photographs, 4,000 books, research notes, his own correspondence, and collected correspondence including letters by Daguerre and Fox Talbot. He sought unsuccessfully to found a national museum of photography in the UK (ultimately a National Museum did not happen until 1983). In the end, after many fruitless discussions with authorities and potential sponsors in several countries, he sold everything to the University of Texas at Austin in 1963 where it formed the basis of a new Department of Photography at the Humanities Research Center. His collection of modern photography was retained by him and ultimately passed to the Forum Internationale Photographie (FIP) at the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim. Other
Photographs attributed to Gernsheim are held in the Conway Library at The Courtauld Institute of Art whose archive, primarily of architectural images, is being digitised under the wider Courtauld connects project. Later life, death
<mask> died on 27 March 1969 and <mask> remarried in 1971 to Irène Guénin.He continued a positive interest in photography, vigorously supporting the establishment of photographic galleries and museums in the USA and Britain, including The Photographers' Gallery under Sue Davies in 1971 and the National Museum of Photography Film and Television under Colin Ford in 1983. <mask> died on 20 July 1995. Honors and awards
1959: The Kulturpreis (Cultural Award) from the German Society for Photography (DGPh), with Robert Janker
1968: appointed consultant to Encyclopædia Britannica
1975: elected to the Committee, Fondation pour la Photographie Suisse
1976: elected to the advisory committee of the journal History of Photography
1979: Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Texas
1980: Academician and Gold Medal of the Academia Italia delle Arti, Salsomaggiore
1980: Honorary Member of the Daguerre Club, Frankfurt. 1981: Distinguished Visiting Professor at University of Arizona
Honorary Fellow of the Photographic Historical Society of New York
Honorary Fellow of the Club Daguerre, Frankfurt

Bibliography
 The history men: <mask> and Nicéphore Niépce text © 2013 Graham Harrison Photo Histories
 Alvin Langdon Coburn: Photographer, with <mask>, New York: Praeger,  1966. Beautiful London, New York: Phaidon, 1950. (photographs by <mask>)
Churchill: His Life in Photographs, <mask> and Randolph S. Churchill, eds., London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1955. A Concise History of Photography, with <mask>, 'The World of Art Library' series.London: Thames & Hudson, 1965. Creative Photography: Aesthetic Trends 1839–1960, London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1962. Edward VII and Queen Alexandra: A Biography in Word and Picture, with <mask>, London: Frederick Muller, 1962. Focus on Architecture and Sculpture, an original approach to the photography of architecture and sculpture,, London: Fountain Press, 1949. Fotografia Artistica: Tendinte Estetice 1839–1960, Bucuresti: Editura Meridiane 1970. Historic Events 1839–1939, with <mask>, London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1960. The History of Photography From the Earliest Use of the Camera Obscura in the Eleventh Century up to 1914 with <mask>, London: Oxford University Press 1955; revised edition Thames & Hudson.1969
Incunabula of British Photographic Literature: A Bibliography of British Photographic Literature 1839–75 and British Books Illustrated with Original Photographs, London and Berkeley: Scolar Press in association with Derbyshire College of Higher Education 1984. Julia Margaret Cameron; her life and photographic work, London: Fountain Press, 1948. L. J. M. Daguerre. The History of the Diorama and the Daguerreotype, with <mask>, London: Secker & Warburg, 1956. [With “Bibliography of Daguerre’s Instruction Manuals” by Beaumont Newhall.] Lewis Carroll, photographer, London: Max Parrish, 1949. The Man Behind the Camera, <mask>, ed.London: Fountain Press [November] 1948 (foreword by Rathbone Holme). [With chapters on Cecil Beaton, <mask>, E.O. Hoppé, Angus McBean, Felix H. Man, Mrs. K.M. Parsons, W. Suchitzky, Harold White, and J. Allan Cash.] Masterpieces of Victorian Photography, London: Phaidon Press, 1951. The New Photo Vision, London: Fountain Press, 1942. The Origins of Photography, New York: Thames & Hudson, 1982.The Recording Eye. A Hundred Years of Great Events as Seen by the Camera, 1839–1939, with <mask>, New York: Putnam, 1960. Roger Fenton, Photographer of the Crimean War. His Photographs and his Letters from The Crimea, with <mask>, London: Secker & Warburg, 1954. Those Impossible English, with <mask>, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1952. (text: Quentin Bell; photographs selected by <mask> and <mask>). Victoria R. A Biography with Four Hundred Illustrations based on her Personal Photograph Albums, with <mask>, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1959.References

External links
 New York Times obituary. Accessed 6 June 2011. The history men: <mask> and Nicéphore Niépce on Photo Histories

1913 births
1995 deaths
Photography academics
Photography critics
Photographers from Munich
Photographers from London
Historians of photography
20th-century historians
Prisoners of war
German emigrants to the United Kingdom

masks:
Helmut Erich Robert Kuno Gernsheim
Karl Gernsheim
Walter Gernsheim
Gernsheim
Gernsheim
Gernsheim
Helmut
Alison Gernsheim
Helmut
Gernsheim
Helmut
Alison Gernsheim
Helmut Gernsheim
Helmut Gernsheim
Helmut Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Helmut Gernsheim
Helmut Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Helmut Gernsheim
Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Helmut
Alison Gernsheim
Alison Gernsheim
Helmut Gernsheim


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Sir <mask>,  (born 10 October 1956 in Swindon, Wiltshire) is a British industrialist and adventurer. He is the first person to complete the Adventurers Grand Slam, by reaching the Geographic and Magnetic North and South Poles as well as climbing the highest peaks in all seven continents, the first person to fly to the North Pole in a balloon, and the first person to make a balloon crossing of the Atlantic in an open basket. Early life

<mask> was born in Moredon, Swindon in October 1956. Following his parents' divorce, he moved with his mother to Stoney Littleton near Bath, and, when she remarried, took his stepfather's surname Adams. He took part in the Duke of Edinburgh's Award scheme at school, then pursued business studies at college in Manchester and at Bristol Polytechnic. At the same time, he started climbing with fellow student Steven Vincent. Expeditions
He first summited Mount Everest in 1993, and summited Mount McKinley, Alaska, in 1980, and Mount Kilimanjaro in 1981.In 1984, he successfully completed a solo expedition to the Magnetic North Pole without dogs, snow mobiles or air supplies. Also he led the first team in 1992 to walk unsupported to the Geomagnetic North Pole. This was described in the book A Race Against Time. In 1996, he completed a solo unsupported expedition to the South Pole on 5 January, sailed to the South Magnetic Pole on 19 February, and led a team of novices to ski to the Magnetic North Pole on 15 May. The book Toughing it Out describes <mask>'s first 20 years of adventuring. In 1998 he joined Norwegian Rune Gjeldnes in an attempt to reach the Geographical North Pole, the final leg of his Grand Slam attempt, which he described in a book called Walking on Thin Ice. He became the first man to fly a balloon over the North Pole in 2000, a trip that emulated the ill-fated attempt by Salomon August Andrée, a Swede, to fly to the North Pole in the 19th century and which he also described in a book called At The Mercy of the Wind.He has made thirty Arctic expeditions and has reached the various Poles a record 14 times. On 22 September 2003 he became the first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an open wicker basket Rozière balloon. The journey was from New Brunswick, Canada to north of Blackpool, UK. In July 2004 he and co-pilot Lorne White flew a single engine Cessna from Cape Columbia in the north of Canada to Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America, covering 11,060 miles and arriving on 23 July after 12 days. In June 2005, Hempleman-Adams staged the world's "highest" formal dinner party. Hempleman-Adams, Alan Veal, and fellow adventurer Bear Grylls ascended to 24,262 feet in a hot air balloon. Grylls and Veal, wearing formal attire, then climbed down to a dinner table suspended 40 feet below the balloon and dined on asparagus, salmon, and summer fruits, and finally parachuted down to earth.In January 2007, Hempleman-Adams broke the quarter-century old world small sized hot air balloon altitude record, by ascending to 9,906 meters over Alberta, Canada; beating the previous record of 9,537 metres set by Carol Davis in New Mexico. In July 2007 Hempleman-Adams crossed the Atlantic in the smallest helium balloon to break the record for that particular class of balloon flying this distance. His aim was to land the balloon in Ireland but he was blown over to England by strong winds. See Toshiba Challenge website. In September 2009 he broke the endurance record for a flight using the smallest man-carrying helium balloon. He flew 200 miles from Butler, Missouri, to Cherokee, Oklahoma, in 14 hours and 15 minutes using the class AA-01 balloon. The previous record was an eight hours and 12 minutes flight undertaken by American Coy Foster in March 1983.On 10 October 2008 Hempleman-Adams, along with co-pilot Jon Mason won the 52nd Gordon Bennett Cup, having flown a helium balloon from Albuquerque, New Mexico eventually landing over 1000 miles later near Madison, Wisconsin. They are the first British team to win the coveted prize in 102 years. To coincide with the 100th anniversary of Scott's expedition to the South Pole, The Heart of the Great Alone was published with the Royal Collection. It brings together a selection of the astonishing photographs taken by Herbert Ponting and Frank Hurley with commentary and narration by <mask>. In September 2010 he competed in the Gordon Bennett 2010 balloon race held in the UK for the first time. In May 2011 he led the Iceland Everest Expedition on the North Side of Everest. £1.2 Million was raised for their chosen charity.In October 2011, along with co-pilot Jon Mason, <mask> won the Americas Challenge Balloon race and in doing so set a new duration record for the race. They are the only British team to win both the Gordon Bennett Balloon Race and Americas Challenge. Personal and family life
Hempleman-Adams has worked in the chemical manufacturing business. He joined his father's company, Robnor (later Robnorganic Systems), later becoming managing director. The company was sold to Mason Corporation in 1995. Subsequently, he was non-executive chairman of Global Resins. He was a non-executive director of XP Power, a PLC Company based in Singapore which manufactures in the US, Europe, China and Vietnam.He is chairman of Hempleman Investment Company, a commercial property company. He lives in Wiltshire with his partner Dr Ros Smith  and has three daughters, Alicia, Camilla and Amelia, from his previous marriage. In February 2020 his eldest daughter, Alicia Hempleman-Adams, set the World Female Altitude Record in an AX4 Class hot air balloon, at 4628m, and the British Female Duration Record at 1h 46min in the same flight. Aged 8, she became the youngest person to stand at the North Pole and in April 2005, aged 15, she became the youngest person to traverse Baffin Island. In April 2008 his middle daughter, Camilla, at the age of 15, became the youngest person to ski the last degree to the North Pole. In December 2011 his youngest daughter, Amelia, at the age of 16 became the youngest person to ski to the South Pole having completed Shackleton's last 98 nautical miles. In 2021 she competed at the Henley Royal Regatta.Social and charitable work
He has been a Trustee of St John Ambulance since 2012 and held senior posts since 1999. In 2002 he raised money to buy ambulances for St John through a series of lectures. In 2019 he sailed from Plymouth, U.K., to New York, to promote the work of St John and to encourage young people to try something new. He retired as a Trustee of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award in 2017 having been a Trustee for 10 years. He is a Trustee of The Royal Aero Club Trust. In 1992 Hempleman-Adams co-founded The Mitchemp Trust, a registered youth development charity working with vulnerable young people aged 11 to 14 years old from across Wiltshire and the UK who are suffering the effects of poverty and rural isolation. The Mitchemp Trust subsequently rebranded as The Youth Adventure Trust.In 2009 Hempleman-Adams founded Wicked Weather Watch, a charity aimed at informing young people about climate change. In summer 2016, Hempleman-Adams successfully completed the Polar Ocean Challenge - an historic attempt to be the first British sailing yacht to sail around the Arctic Ocean in one summer season, circumnavigating the North Pole and sailing through the Northeast and Northwest Passages. This expedition was undertaken to increase awareness of climate change and loss of ice in the Arctic Ocean. In October 2004, he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for Wiltshire. He was appointed High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 2016–17. Honours and awards

In 2013 he was awarded the Polar Medal and bar by HM The Queen for services to the UK in the field of polar research. He received the MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 1995 and then the OBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours in 1998 for services to Arctic Exploration.He was appointed Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO) in the 2007 New Year Honours and Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in the 2017 New Year Honours, both in recognition of his service to the Duke of Edinburgh's Award scheme. In 2016 he was made a Knight of Justice of the Order of St John. In 2000, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Aero Club. In 2004, he was awarded ‘The Explorers Medal’, by The Explorers Club at their Centennial Dinner. He became a Freeman of the City of London in 2008. See also
List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit

References

External links
Wicked Weather Watch
Youth Adventure Trust

1956 births
English explorers
British polar explorers
Polar
Polar explorers by nationality
Polar explorers
Polar
English polar explorers
Harmon Trophy winners
Explorers of the Arctic
Alumni of the University of the West of England, Bristol
Living people
People from Swindon
Deputy Lieutenants of Wiltshire
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Officers of the Order of St John
Britannia Trophy winners
Flight altitude record holders
British summiters of Mount Everest
High Sheriffs of Wiltshire
Balloon flight record holders
British aviation record holders
Fellows of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society
Recipients of the Polar Medal

masks:
David Kim Hempleman Adams
David Hempleman
David
David
David


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<mask> (; born 27 February 1982) is a Brazilian professional tennis player who specialises in doubles. He is a six-time Grand Slam champion, having won the Australian Open and US Open in 2016 alongside Jamie Murray, and the 2020 US Open with Mate Pavić in men's doubles. In mixed doubles, <mask> won the 2012 US Open partnering Ekaterina Makarova, the 2014 US Open with Sania Mirza, and the 2016 Australian Open with Elena Vesnina. He also finished runner-up at the 2013 US Open and 2020 French Open in men's doubles, and the 2013 Wimbledon Championships in mixed doubles. <mask> was the fourth Brazilian to win a Grand Slam title across all disciplines, following Maria Bueno, Thomaz Koch and Gustavo Kuerten. His highest singles ranking on the ATP Tour is world No. 221, which he reached in March 2004.In doubles, he reached his career-high ranking of world No. 2 on October 17, 2016. <mask> has won 35 ATP doubles titles, including 4 at Masters 1000 level, and was part of the ATP Doubles Team of the year in both 2016 and 2020. He has represented Brazil in the Davis Cup since 2005, and competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games. Professional career

2008
In early 2008, <mask> won the São Paulo Challenger for the second time, rising in the doubles rankings and gaining the opportunity to compete in the main tournament circuit, the ATP tours. In 2008, <mask> made a great campaign. Playing without a permanent partner, he reached the semifinals of Roland Garros and the quarter-finals of the US Open.In addition, he won his first ATP doubles title in Nottingham, a grass tournament before Wimbledon. Helped by the winnings of the French Open, <mask> decided to finish 2008 marrying architect Bruna Alvim. The couple welcomed their first son, Noah, in 2015. 2009
In 2009, <mask> partnered with Kevin Ullyett from Zimbabwe, a high level doubles player who had won 32 titles and remained ranked among the top 10 for several years. They reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon and Roland Garros, the semifinals of the Masters 1000 Rome and Madrid, the final of the ATP New Haven, and won his second ATP doubles title in Stockholm. At the end of the year, with the retirement of Ullyett, <mask> announced a new partnership with Marcelo Melo. 2010
In 2010, Melo and <mask>ros, <mask> defeated the brothers Bob Bryan and Mike Bryanthe world's top doubles playersand reached the quarterfinals. Subsequently, <mask> and Melo reached the semifinals of the ATP 500 Hamburg, the final of the ATP 250 Gstaad, the third round of the US Open, the final of the ATP 250 Metz, and the semifinals of the ATP 500 Tokyo and the ATP 250 Stockholm. 2011
In 2011 at the South American Clay tournamentsa series of four ATP tournaments in Latin AmericaMelo and <mask> won two consecutive titles in the ATP 250 of Chile and Brazil, and were runners-up at the ATP 500 Acapulco. In April, <mask> was runner-up of the Masters 1000 Monte Carlo, playing alongside Juan Ignacio Chela. He competed in the semifinals of the ATPs 250s in Nice and Eastbourne. In August, the Melo and <mask> arrived at the semifinals of the ATP 500 Washington.In October, with <mask> and Melo reached the semifinals of the ATP 500 Valencia and Tokyo, and the final of the ATP 250 Stockholm. Partnered with Nicolas Almagro he was a quarterfinalist in the Masters 1000 Shanghai. In November, <mask> and Melo were quarterfinalists in the Masters 1000 Paris. At the end of the year, Melo and <mask> ended their partnership. 2012
<mask> partnered with Eric Butorac and went to the quarterfinals of the Australian Open and won his sixth ATP doubles title in the ATP 250 Brazil. He also reached the third round at Roland Garros. On July, he ended his partnership with Butorac and began playing with Alexander Peya.In the first tournament of the new partnership, they were runners-up of the ATP 250 Bastad. Participating at the London Olympics with Marcelo Melo, <mask> reached the quarterfinals after defeating the duo Berdych/Stepanek by 24–22 in the last set. At the US Open along with Peya, <mask> reached the quarterfinals of the men's doubles. In that tournament, partnering with Ekaterina Makarova, <mask> won the biggest title of his career thus far by becoming mixed-doubles champion. In the first round, they defeated the seeded No. 2 couple Mike Bryan and Lisa Raymond. In the second phase, they defeated Bob Bryan and Kim Clijsters.Since Gustavo Kuerten's 3rd Roland Garros victory in 2001, a Brazilian had not won a Grand Slam title. <mask>/Makarova won $150,000 as a prize for the title. After the mixed doubles title at the US Open, <mask> took an impressive winning streak, winning the doubles match of the Davis Cup in Brazil against Russia and won four titles in five consecutive tournaments played. He won the ATP 250 Kuala Lumpur and the ATP 500 Tokyo, both playing with Peya; they played the Masters 1000 Shanghai but lost in the second round. Partnered with Melo he won the ATP 250 Stockholm, and the ATP 500 Valencia playing with Peya. In the Masters 1000 Paris, <mask> and Peya were quarterfinalists. 2013

2013 was the best year in the <mask>' career.In January, he won the ATP 250 Auckland, alongside Scottish Colin Fleming. In February, partnered with Melo, he defeated the Bryan brothers at the Davis Cup in the United States. In the same month, he and Peya won the ATP 250 BrasilSoares' third win in that tournament and reached the semifinals of the ATP 500 in Memphis and Acapulco. In March, <mask> reached the semifinals of the Masters 1000 Indian Wells. In April, he won the ATP 500 Barcelona. In May, for the second time in his career, he was runner-up of a Masters 1000 in Madrid, losing only to the world leaders the Bryan brothers. At this point, <mask> approached the top 10 doubles, staying at 11th place.In Roland Garros, <mask> and Peya reached the semifinals of the tournament. With that, <mask> entered the top 10, ranking sixth for doubles. <mask> equaled Carlos Kirmayr's No. 6 in the world in 1983 as the second-best doubles tennis player in Brazil's history. In preparation for Wimbledon, <mask> was runner-up in the ATP 250 Queens and champion of the ATP 250 Eastbourne, reaching its 200th victory. At Wimbledon, <mask> was knocked out in the third round of the men's doubles. In mixed doubles, <mask> reached the final of the tournament for the first time, partnered with the American Lisa Raymond.He was runner-up at the ATP 500 Hamburg in July. In August, <mask> and Peya won a Masters-1000 title for the first time at the Canadian Open. With that, <mask> arrived at the best doubles ranking of his career, No. 4 in the world, equaling Cássio Motta as the best Brazilian doubles player of all time. At the US Open, <mask> "retired" James Blake in the first round of the men's doubles. In mixed doubles, <mask> reached the semifinals partnered with Anabel Medina Garrigues. In men's doublesfor the first time in his careerhe reached a Grand Slam final.However, Peya suffered a muscle strain near the end of the semifinals game against Melo and Dodig. In the US Open final, <mask> could not play well because of the problem, and in the second set, Peya almost abandoned the game. <mask> and Peya eventually lost the final in two sets. With these results, <mask> qualified in anticipation for the ATP Finals for the first time in his career. On 7 October 2013, <mask> became the No. 3 doubles player in the world; his best position of his career and the best position in the history of Brazilian tennissurpassing Cassio Motta, who was No. 4 doubles in 1983.At the end of October, <mask> and Peya became two-time champions of the ATP 500 Valencia, defeating the Bryan brothers in the final. 2014
In 2014, the <mask>/Peya partnership was beginning not to work as before. During the year, they had as prominent campaigns only the title of the Masters 1000 in Canada and one runner-up finish at the Masters 1000 Indian Wells, as well as a title in the ATP 250 in London. <mask> finished the year as No. 10 in the world. 2015
The partnership did not work well. Just as in 2014, they obtained only two quarterfinals in Grand Slam events, and the result in the Masters 1000 has worsened, with the pair getting only two semifinals in Miami and Canada.<mask> finished the year as No. 22 in the world. In October, <mask> announced the ending of his partnership with Alexander Peya, and a new partnership with Britain's Jamie Murray in the 2016 season. 2016

The <mask> and Murray partnership had an astonishing start. They reached the semifinals of the Doha ATP Tour 250, the first tournament of the season. On 16 January, <mask> and Murray won the second tournament of the season, the Sydney ATP Tour 250. On January 30, the duo won the Australian Open.It was <mask>' first Grand Slam title in men's doubles. <mask> defeated the team of the Czech Radek Štěpánek and the Canadian Daniel Nestor in three sets in the men's doubles final. <mask> partnered with Elena Vesnina in the mixed doubles and reached the final, where they overcame Horia Tecău and CoCo Vandeweghe in three sets. <mask> became the first Brazilian man to win two titles in the same Grand Slam. <mask> and Murray would combine to also win the US Open men's doubles title in 2016. <mask> ended the season at No. 1 in the ATP doubles race alongside Murray.2017
In the new season, the <mask>/Murray duo dropped a little income, not obtaining any Grand Slam or Masters 1000 titles. Their best results in these tournaments were the runner-up of the Masters 1000 of Cincinnati, the semifinals of the Masters 1000 of Indian Wells, Shanghai and Paris, and the quarterfinals of Roland Garros and the US Open. They won the ATP 500 from Acapulco, Queens, and the ATP 250 from Stuttgart. Thus, <mask> ended the year as No. 10 in the world in doubles. 2018
<mask> obtains as his biggest title the Masters 1000 of Cincinnati. He was also runner-up in the Shanghai Masters 1000, and a semifinalist in Rome and got quarterfinals at Wimbledon and the US Open.He became twice champion of the ATP 500 in Acapulco, won the ATP 500 in Washington, and was runner-up in the ATP 500 in Queens. The year ended as No. 7 in the world in doubles. 2019
In January, <mask> and partner Jamie Murray reached the quarterfinal at the Australian Open, but were defeated in straight sets. In May, they ended their three and a half year partnership after a first-round loss at the French Open. <mask> announced 2018 Australian Open and 2018 Davis Cup winner, Croatian Mate Pavić, as his new partner. His biggest title of the year was winning the Masters 1000 in Shanghai, playing with Pavic.He also won the Sydney ATP 250 with Murray, and the ATP 250 Stuttgart playing with John Peers. During a difficult year, he was still a semifinalist at the Masters 1000 in Monte Carlo and Cincinnati, made the quarterfinals at the Australian Open and was runner-up in the ATP 500 in Barcelona. He ended the year outside the top 10, which had not happened since 2015, as No. 21 in the world. 2021
At the US Open, <mask>, partnering with Jamie Murray, reached the final for the fourth time in his career, defeating Filip Polášek and John Peers in the semifinals. Significant finals

Grand Slam finals

Doubles: 6 (3  titles, 3 runner-ups)

Mixed doubles: 4 (3 titles, 1 runner-up)

Masters 1000 finals

Doubles: 13 (4 titles, 9 runner-ups)

ATP career finals

Doubles: 69 (35 titles, 34 runner-ups)

Performance timelines

Doubles
Current through the 2022 Mexican Open. Mixed doubles

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Brazilian male tennis players
Sportspeople from Belo Horizonte
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of Brazil
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Australian Open (tennis) champions
US Open (tennis) champions

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Bruno Fraga Soares
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<mask> (23 November 1934 – 3 July 1994) was an Australian tennis player whose career ran from 1950 to 1973. Hoad won four Major singles tournaments as an amateur (the Australian Championships, French Championships and two Wimbledons). He was a member of the Australian team that won the Davis Cup four times between 1952 and 1956. <mask> turned professional in July 1957. He won the Kooyong Tournament of Champions in 1958 and the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions in 1959. He won the Ampol Open Trophy world series of tournaments in 1959, which included the Kooyong tournament that concluded in early January 1960. <mask>'s men's singles tournament victories spanned from 1951 to 1971.<mask> was ranked the world No. 1 amateur in 1953 by Harry Hopman and by the editors of Tennis de France, and also in 1956 by Lance Tingay, by Ned Potter, and by Tennis de France. He was ranked the world No. 1 professional for 1959 in Kramer's Ampol point ranking system, and by Robert Barnes (Kramer's Australian manager). Serious back problems plagued <mask> throughout his career, possibly caused by a weight-lifting exercise which he devised in 1954. The back injury became particularly intense following the 1956 Wimbledon championships, continued periodically, and led to his semi-retirement from tennis in 1967. Afterwards he made sporadic appearances at tournaments, enticed by the advent of the Open Era in 1968 and was seeded No.7 for the 1968 Wimbledon Championships and seeded No. 12 for the 1970 French Open. Following his retirement in 1973, <mask> and his wife Jenny Staley <mask> owned and operated a tennis resort, <mask> Hoad's Campo de Tenis in Fuengirola, Spain, near Málaga. <mask> died of leukaemia on 3 July 1994. Early life and career

<mask> was born on 23 November 1934, in the working-class Sydney inner suburb of Glebe, the eldest of three sons of tramway electrician <mask> and his wife Ailsa Lyle Burbury. Hoad started playing tennis at age five with a racket gifted by a local social club. As a young child, he would wake up at 5 a.m. and hit tennis balls against a wall and garage door until the neighbours complained, and he was allowed to practice on the courts of the Hereford Tennis Club behind the house.At age 10 he competed in the seaside tournament at Manly in the under 16 category. In his youth, <mask> often played Ken Rosewall, and they became known as the Sydney "twins", although they had very different physiques, personalities and playing styles. Their first match in Sydney in January 1947 (when both were aged 12) was played as an opener of an exhibition match between Australia and America. Rosewall won 6–0, 6–0. <mask> built up great physical strength, especially in his hands and arms, by training at a police boys' club, where he made a name as a boxer. <mask> was about 12 when he was introduced to Adrian Quist, a former Australian tennis champion and then general manager of the Dunlop sports goods company. Quist played a couple of sets with Hoad and was impressed by his natural ability.When Hoad was 14 he left school and joined the Dunlop payroll, following the pattern of that 'shamateur' era when most of Australia's brightest tennis prospects were employed by sporting goods companies. Hoad had just turned 15 when he and Rosewall were selected to play for New South Wales in an interstate contest against Victoria. In November 1949, Hoad won the junior title at the New South Wales Championships, and the same weekend, he also competed in the final of the junior table tennis championship in Sydney. Tennis career

Amateur career: 1950–1957

1950
Hoad lost to Dick Savitt in four sets in round one of the New South Wales State championships in November. In his match report, Adrian Quist said, "Hoad played well, and held a lead of 4-2 in the third set after winning the second. At present he makes too many errors. He will have to learn good control from the ground before his game will reach great heights."<mask> reached the semi finals of County of Cumberland championships in Sydney in December, losing to Bill Sidwell. "It was apparent from the start of play that Sidwell did not intend to take the youngster lightly. He served with pressure and followed the majority of his returns to the net. The first set was very evenly contested. Had Hoad not fallen into easy errors he may well have won the opening set. The experience of Sidwell, however, prevailed during the important exchanges", said Adrian Quist. 1951
<mask>'s first Grand Slam tournament appearance was at the 1951 Australian Championships held in January at the White City Tennis Club in Sydney.He won his first match against Ronald McKenzie in straight sets but lost in the following round to defending champion and countryman Frank Sedgman. It was the only Grand Slam tournament he played that year. <mask> won his first men's singles title, the Brisbane Exhibition tournament at Milton, on grass, on 11 August 1951, defeating Rosewall in the final in four sets. In September, <mask> won New South Wales hardcourt championships beating George Worthington in the final. 1952
In 1952, <mask> reached the third round of the Australian Championships in Adelaide. In April, he was selected by the Australasian Lawn Tennis Association as member of the team to play in overseas tournaments. In May, before departing to Europe, he won the singles title at the Australian Hardcourt Championships on clay after a five-set win in the final against Rosewall.<mask>, who had never played a tournament on European red clay courts, received a walkover in the first round of the French Championships and lost in straight sets to sixth-seeded and 1947 and 1951 finalist Eric Sturgess. In only their second appearance as a doubles team at a Grand Slam event, <mask> and Rosewall reached the French semifinal. <mask> lost in the quarterfinal of the Belgian championships in Brussels in early June, where he was defeated by Budge Patty. <mask>'s first entry at the grass court Queen's Club Championship in June 1952 ended in the quarterfinal against eventual champion Frank Sedgman. A week later, he played his first match at the Wimbledon Championships defeating Beppe Merlo in a nervous and unimpressive five-set encounter. Wins against Rolando del Bello and Freddie Huber were followed by a fourth round loss against second-seeded and eventual finalist Jaroslav Drobný. <mask> and Rosewall caused an upset when they defeated second-seeded Gardnar Mulloy and Dick Savitt in the third round of the doubles event, but lost in the semifinal against Vic Seixas and Eric Sturgess.After a semifinal result at the Swedish championships in July, and an exhibition between Australia and West Germany, <mask> and the Australian team traveled to the United States under the guidance of coach Harry Hopman. As a preparation for his first U.S. Championships he played the Meadow Club Invitational (Southampton), Eastern Grass Court Championships (South Orange), and Newport Invitational before teaming up with Rosewall to reach the semifinal of the U.S. National Doubles Championships in Brookline. <mask> was the eighth seeded foreign player at the U.S. Championships. He won four matches to reach his first Grand Slam quarterfinal but due in part to making 64 errors could not overcome Sedgman who would win the tournament without losing a set. With Thelma Coyne Long he reached the final of the mixed doubles event, the first Grand Slam final of his career, but they lost in straight sets to Doris Hart and Frank Sedgman. An early loss at the Pacific Southwest Championships in September concluded his first overseas tour. In September, he was jointly ranked No.10 in the world for 1952 with Rosewall by Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph. 1953

<mask> started 1953 poorly in the singles with a second-round exit against Clive Wilderspin at the Australian Championships in Melbourne after playing an uncharacteristic baseline game. He was more successful in doubles where he and Rosewall became the youngest team to win the Australian doubles title after a victory in the final against Mervyn Rose and Don Candy. In March, <mask> defended his singles title at the Australian Hardcourt Championships, defeating Rosewall in a five set semifinal in which he survived six matchpoints, and 34-year-old John Bromwich in the final. Two weeks later, <mask> lost the final of the N.S.W. Hardcourt Championships against Mervyn Rose. <mask>'s second overseas tour started in late April, and after an exhibition in Cairo at the Gezira Sporting Club, he reached the final at Italian Championships in Rome losing to Drobný in straight sets but won the doubles title with Rosewall.At the French Championships in May, <mask> was seeded fourth and made it to the quarterfinals in which he lost to Vic Seixas due to overhitting and an unreliable serve. <mask> and Rosewall won the doubles title with a three-set win in the final against countrymen Rose and Wilderspin. In June <mask>'s attacking serve-and-volley game proved too good for Wimbledon favorite Rosewall in the final of the Queen's Club Championship and he won the tournament without losing a set. At Wimbledon, <mask> was seeded sixth, and as at the French, Vic Seixas defeated him in the quarterfinal, this time in a close five-set match that ended on a Hoad double fault. In an all-Australian doubles final <mask> and Rosewall defeated Hartwig and Rose. <mask> lost to Enrique Morea in the final of the Dutch Championships in mid July. He won his first title on U.S. soil in South Orange at the Eastern Grass Court Championships in mid August, defeating compatriot Rex Hartwig in the final.In the semifinal against Rosewall, he pulled a back muscle. <mask> and Rosewall's hopes of winning the doubles Grand Slam, two years after fellow Australians Ken McGregor and Frank Sedgman had first achieved that feat, were dashed when they lost surprisingly in the third round of the U.S. Doubles Championships. At the U.S. Championships <mask> (second foreign seed) won four matches to reach the semifinal where for the third time in 1953 he lost in a Grand Slam event to Vic Seixas. Following his defeat, and that of Rosewall in the other semifinal, there was criticism in the press that both 18-year-old players were physically and mentally worn out due to the intensive schedule imposed by coach Harry Hopman. In September, Seixas again beat <mask>, this time in the semifinal of the Pacific Southwest Championships in Los Angeles. <mask> was rested a few weeks upon his return to Australia and then won the Queensland Championships in early November in a 41-minute final against Hartwig. Two weeks later, <mask> won the N.S.W.Championships after four-set victories over Tony Trabert in the semi-final and over Rosewall in the final in front of a 10,000 Sydney crowd but had trouble with a sore right elbow. In early December at the Victorian Championships he defeated Rosewall in the final. The much anticipated Davis Cup challenge round match against the challenging team from the United States took place at the Melbourne Kooyong Stadium in late December. Surprisingly Hartwig was selected to partner <mask> in the doubles instead of Rosewall, a decision widely criticized in the press. In the opening singles matches, <mask> defeated Seixas, his nemesis that season, in straight sets, while Trabert defeated Rosewall, also in straight sets. <mask> and Hartwig lost the doubles match against Seixas and Trabert and Australia trailed 1–2 at the start of the final day. <mask> is remembered for his match as a 19-year-old amateur against the United States champion Tony Trabert.In front of a 17,000 crowd, <mask> defeated Trabert in five sets to help his country retain the Cup. It was seen as one of the best Davis Cup matches in history. Directly following the final, <mask> received his call-up papers for National Service. <mask> was ranked world No. 5 amateur for 1953 by Lance Tingay in his September rankings. At the end of the year, <mask> was ranked world No. 1 amateur for the complete season of 1953 by Harry Hopman and also by the editors of Tennis de France, published by Philippe Chatrier.Tingay stated in September 1954 that <mask> in 1953 had  "played so well during the Australian season that his status as best in the world was axiomatic." He added that for the 1954 season, "His form since has been almost disastrous. <mask>'s decline has been a mystery." <mask> was the youngest tennis player ever at 19 years 38 days to achieve world No. 1 rankings, a record which still stands. 1954

In January, <mask> played just one tournament before entering his National Service training. At the South Australian Championships in Adelaide he reached the final but sub-par play led to a straight-sets defeat to Trabert.On 13 January, <mask> joined the 13th National Service Training battalion in Ingleburn for a period of 98 days and commented that "It will be a welcome break from tennis". As a consequence, <mask> was unable to participate in the Australian Championships. At the end of February, <mask> received a leave from service to play for the Australian team at Kooyong stadium in the third Test match against South Africa in front of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh. He won a singles match against Abe Segal, won a doubles match with Rosewall and lost a mixed-doubles match with his girlfriend Jenny Staley. When <mask> returned to service, he was bitten by a spider while on maneuvers which caused him to become ill and hospitalized him for ten days. He spent two days in coma which was not made public. While he was in service, <mask> devised a weight-lifting exercise, doing push-ups with round 50 lb.weights placed on his back, which <mask> later believed probably initiated his back trouble. <mask> left the National Service at the end of April and his third overseas tour with an Australian team started on 5 May. For the first time in his career, <mask> was the top-seeded player at a Grand Slam tournament at the French Championships but he lost in the fourth round to 40-year-old Gardnar Mulloy. <mask> lost the doubles final with Rosewall to Seixas and Trabert in 56 minutes. Partnering Maureen Connolly, who had won the women's singles title, <mask> won the mixed-doubles final against Jacqueline Patorni and Rex Hartwig. In June, <mask> overcame countryman Rose in the final of the Queen's Club Championship to successfully defend his title. <mask> was seeded second behind Trabert at Wimbledon Championships.In the fourth round, <mask> avenged his loss to Mulloy at the French Championships, defeating him in four sets. In the quarterfinal the powerful service and excellent returns of Drobný proved too much for <mask> and he was beaten in straight sets within an hour. <mask> and Rosewall were unable to defend their Wimbledon doubles title after losing in fives sets in the semifinal to Seixas and Trabert. A surprise loss against Roger Becker in the semifinal at the Midlands Counties Championships in Birmingham was followed in mid-July by winning the singles title at the Swiss Championships in Gstaad. As in the previous year, <mask> met Rosewall in the Eastern Grass Court Championships in August, this time in the final, and again the titleholder was victorious, overpowering Rosewall to win the singles title in three straight sets. At Newport in mid August, <mask> was beaten by 17-year-old compatriot Roy Emerson who won the deciding set 8–6. For the third time in 1954, Seixas and Trabert defeated <mask> and Rosewall at a Grand Slam doubles event, winning the U.S. Doubles Championships in Brookline.<mask>, no. 1 foreign seed at the U.S. Championships, lost to Ham Richardson in a five-set quarterfinal. His lackluster form continued when he was defeated by unseeded Luis Ayala in the quarterfinal of the Pacific Southwest Championships in mid-September. After returning to Australia at the end of September, <mask> scheduled extra practice to work on his serve and volley but subsequently lost to Don Candy in the semifinal of the Sydney Metropolitan Championships. In early November, matters briefly improved. In the final of the Queensland Championships in Brisbane, he overcame a sunstroke and the loss of sets three and four by 0–6 to defeat Hartwig in five sets. In mid-November, he was upset by veteran John Bromwich who better exploited the windy conditions in the quarterfinal of the N.S.W.Championships. At the Victorian Championships, the last significant tournament before the Davis Cup Challenge Round, <mask> was defeated in straight sets in the semifinal by Seixas. As in the previous match against Sven Davidson he showed such poor form and at times an apparent lack of interest that he was jeered by the crowd and several left after he smashed a ball into the stands. The 1954 Davis Cup Challenge Round was played on 27–29 December on the grass courts at the White City Stadium in Sydney between title holders Australia and the United States. <mask> lost the first rubber to Trabert, in front of a record crowd of 25,000, in a high-quality four-set match. Rosewall also lost his singles match and the United States won back the cup after Seixas and Trabert defeated <mask> and Rosewall in four sets in the doubles rubber. In a season review article

masks:
Lewis Alan Hoad
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