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<mask> is an author of books, essays, stories, and articles for all ages. In 2005, her social history, Corpses, Coffins, and Crypts: A History of Burial, was named one of the 100 Best of the Best Books for the 21st Century by members of the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA), a division of the American Library Association (ALA). Early life
<mask> was born Penelope Granger Morgan on September 2, 1944, in Denver, Colorado, to her father, Norman Charles Morgan, and her mother, Marija (known as Maritza) Leskovar Morgan. She lived in Seattle, Washington, Portland, Oregon, and Lexington, Kentucky, before her parents settled in north Warren, Pennsylvania, in 1949. Here, Colman, her parents, and her three brothers, all lived on the grounds of Warren State Hospital, a mental hospital where her father worked as a psychiatrist. In 1953, when Colman was nine years old, her parents bought a farm  from the hospital. This same year, Colman's mother joined the staff of the local newspaper as a photographer and journalist and her father began writing a weekly column, "Everyday Psychology," for several newspapers.In 1962, Colman graduated from high school and in the fall she attended Western College for Women in Oxford, Ohio. After two years of college, Colman dropped out of college and decided to hitchhike through Europe. After she returned from Europe, her older brother Jon died from viral pneumonia at the age of twenty and her father died three years later from terminal cancer. Despite hardship, Colman graduated from The University of Michigan; earned a master of arts in teaching from Johns Hopkins University. Then she married Robert "Bob" <mask> and had three sons, Jonathan, and twins; David and Stephen. After twenty-five years, Colman and her husband were divorced. She now lives and writes in Englewood, New Jersey.Non-fiction writing genre

Colman writes predominantly in the genre of nonfiction and most often about women. She attributes her interest in the genre to parental influence. During <mask>'s youth, her mother worked as a newspaper photo-journalist and Colman accompanied her on various assignments. Colman’s father, a psychiatrist, wrote a weekly column that appeared in several newspapers. Immersed in these experiences during her formative years, she developed a belief “that nonfiction is a valuable vehicle for sharing true stories and discussing issues and ideas". Throughout her childhood, Colman enjoyed family visits to museums, historical sites, and landmarks igniting an interest in history that continues today. She recognized the void in the historical record of women’s accomplishments and their subsequent impact on the nation (USA).She has written twelve nonfiction books concerning women’s struggles, achievements and contributions beginning to fill that void. Her latest book, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: A Friendship that Changed History due for release March 2011, continues the effort. In her book, Adventurous Women: Eight True Stories about Women Who Made a Difference, <mask> defines her objective in this manner, "My intent is not to replace men but to add women (4). All of her books require extensive and meticulous research conducted solely by Colman and often includes "shoe leather research". <mask> explains her motivations for becoming a writer, "I became a writer because there are things that I have to say. Things that I have to write. Things that I feel passionate about, such as the importance of thinking and learning, of equality and justice, and of sharing and caring".Rosie the Riveter: Women Working on the Home Front in World War II received the Orbis Pictus Honor Award for Outstanding Nonfiction from the NCTE and an International Reading Association’s Teachers’ Choice and Young Adult Choice. Her book of essays, Adventurous Women: Eight True Stories About Women Who Made A Difference, was named a Notable Trade Book. Since 2003, Colman has been a distinguished lecture at Queens College, the City University of New York. Her academic writings include, “A New Way to Look at Literature: A Visual Model for Analyzing Fiction and Nonfiction Texts,” Language Arts, 2007. She was honored by the New Jersey State Legislature for books and public appearances that have "contributed to the advancement of women." Selected bibliography
 Spies: Women in the Civil War, 1992. Breaking the Chains: The Crusade of Dorothea Lynde Dix, 1992.Fannie Lou Hamer and the Fight for the Vote, 1993. A Woman Unafraid: The Achievements of Frances Perkins, 1993. Madam C. J. Walker: Building a Business Empire, 1994. Toilets, Bathtubs, Sinks, and Sewers: A History of the Bathroom, 1994. Mother Jones and the March of the Mill Children, 1994. Strike: The Bitter Struggle of American Workers from Colonial Times to the Present, 1995. Rosie The Riveter; Women Working on the Home Front in World War II, 1995.Corpses, Coffins, and Crypts: A History of Burial, 1997. Girls: A History of Growing Up Female in America, 2000. Where the Action Was: Women War Correspondents in World War II, 2002. Adventurous Women: Eight True Stories about Women Who Made a Difference, 2006. Thanksgiving: The True Story, 2008.

Notable works
Adventurous Women: Eight True Stories about Women Who Made a Difference, is a collection of eight enriching and inspirational stories of pioneering 19th century women. The book provides a rich and compelling look at the heroic lives of eight American women from racially and ethically diverse backgrounds who defied the odds to become historic figures. Adventurous Women profiles are Louise Boyd, Arctic explorer; Mary Gibson Henry, botanist; Juana Briones, Hispanic landowner;  Alice Hamilton, medicine pioneer; Mary McLeod Bethune, educator, Katherine Wormeley, Civil War nurse, and Peggy Hull, reporter.The book details how all eight women rose above the gender stereotypes and social limitations of their time to achieve immeasurable success in their respective fields. The book is a favorite among critics for young readers because of its easy to read style and focus on little known women history. Adventurous Women is listed on several independent and library reading lists for school age readers. Corpses, Coffins, and Crypts: A History of Burial is an illustrated social history of the subjects of death and burial across cultures written by <mask>man. The comprehensive text, enriched with true stories both humorous and poignant, includes a list of burial sites of famous people, images in the arts associated with death, fascinating epitaphs and gravestone carvings, a chronology and a glossary, and over a hundred black-and-white photographs, most of which were taken by the author.. It was named one of the 100 Best of the Best Books for the 21st Century. Rosie the Riveter: Women Working on The Home Front In World War II is an illustrated social history of the lives and contributions of women workers during World War II written by <mask>.There are more than sixty archival black-and-white photographs (including one of Norma Jeane Baker Dougherty, who later changed her name to Marilyn Monroe), famous posters, advertisements, and cartoons. The author explains the origins of the phrase “Rosie the Riveter.” There are a Select List of Women’s Wartime Jobs, Facts & Figures about Women War Workers, Chronology, and an extensive bibliography. Rosie the Riveter received the Orbis Pictus Honor Award for Outstanding Nonfiction and an International Reading Association’s Teachers’ Choice and Young Adult Choice. Awards
Awards for Rosie the Riveter: Women Working on the Home Front in World War II
 A School Library Journal Best Book of the Year
 A Junior Library Guild Selection
 An IRA Teachers’ Choice
 An IRA Young Adult Choice
 An NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book for Outstanding Nonfiction
 An ALA Best Book for Young Adults
 An ALA Notable Children’s Book
 A Bulletin Blue Ribbon Book
 A New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age. Awards for Girls: A History of Growing up Female in America
 Honored by the Women of the New Jersey State Legislature
 Parents' Choice Awards, 2000
 Book of the Month Club selection, 2000
 Best Book for the Teen Age List, New York Public Library, 2001

Awards for Where the Action Was: Women War Correspondents in World War II
 ALA Notable Children's Book citation, American Library Association, 2003
 Notable Children's Trade Book in the Social Studies, CSC/CBC

Awards for Toilets, Bathtubs, Sinks and Sewers: A History of the Bathroom
 Children's Book of the Year Awards
 Child Study Association and Bank Street College of Education Recommended Book for Reluctant Readers citation

Award for A Woman Un-afraid: The Achievements of Frances Perkins
 Notable Children's Trade Book in the Social Studies, CSC/CBC

Award for Mother Jones and the March of the Mill Children
 Notable Children's Trade Book in the Social Studies, CSC/CBC

Award for Strike! : The Bitter Struggle of American Workers from Colonial Times to the Present
 Notable Children's Trade Book in the Social Studies, CSC/CBC

Additional Honors
 Lidman Prize Competition, Silver Award, 1990, for Stamps
 Paula A. Witty Short Story Award nomination, International Reading Association for But Not Ms. Anderson
 Best Book of the Year citation, Publishers Weekly, for Corpses, Coffins, and Crypts: A History of Burial
 The American Library Association Best of the Best for the Twenty-first Century
 International Reading Association Teacher's Choice and Young Readers' Choice
 Publishers Weekly and School Library Journal Best Book of the Year
 National Council of English Teacher's Orbis Pictures Honor Award for Outstanding Nonfiction

References

Bibliography
“Autobiography Feature” in Something About the Author (2005, volume 160, pp.49–68)
<mask>, <mask>. Adventurous Women: Eight True Stories about Women Who Made a Difference. New York: Henry Holt, 2006. Print. External links

Macmillan.com
Scholastic.com
Answers.com

1944 births
Living people
American non-fiction writers
Children's non-fiction writers
Western College for Women alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American women

masks:
Penny Colman
Penny Colman
Colman
Penny Colman
Colman
Colman
Penny Col
Penny Colman
Colman
Penny


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Sir <mask>  (born 14 March 1936) is a New Zealand professional golfer. His achievements over five decades rank him among the most successful left-handed golfers of all time, being the first lefty to win a golf major, winning more than 70 titles, and beating his age twice during a tournament as a 71-year-old. Although <mask> plays golf left-handed, he is naturally right-handed. Early years
Born in Carterton, a small town in the Wairarapa district in New Zealand's North Island, <mask> lived in Masterton where he worked as a bank teller. He won the New Zealand Open at Heretaunga on 8 November 1954, as an 18-year-old amateur. <mask> decided to hone his skills as an amateur first, and remained in his bank employment for a further six years. He represented New Zealand several times in international amateur tournaments during this period.Professional career
<mask> turned professional in 1960 and the next year won the New Zealand PGA Championship and soon after ventured overseas to the European and North American circuits. In 1963, <mask> won his first PGA Tour event in the United States, the Houston Classic, the first PGA Tour event won by a left-handed golfer. Later that year he won The Open Championship at Royal Lytham and St. Annes. After four rounds (68-72-66-71) his 277 was level with American Phil Rodgers. <mask> won the 36-hole playoff by eight shots. <mask> has won about 80 tournaments around the world. As well as his PGA Tour victories, his win in the 1969 World Matchplay Championship was considered one of his best.He won the Senior British Open 30 years after winning his British Open title. He remains, along with Michael Campbell, one of only two New Zealanders to win a men's major golf championship. In 2007 <mask> became the oldest golfer to make a cut on the European Tour at the Michael Hill New Zealand Open. <mask> shot a 68 in the second round, beating his age by three strokes. He would go on to finish in a tie for 23rd place. <mask>'s move to the Senior PGA Tour (now called PGA Tour Champions) was very lucrative and successful with 23 titles; and in three years 1988, 1989 and 1993, he recorded lowest scoring average. He finished second on the European Seniors Tour's 2007 Wentworth Senior Masters at the age of 71.He was the first left-hander to win a major, but also the first lefty to be inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame, in the veterans category. He was inducted in 2008. He would remain the only lefty inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame until Phil Mickelson was elected in 2011. At the Senior British Open Championship in 2010, <mask> announced in an ESPN interview that he would retire from golf, stating that he was "74 years old, traveling this world for 50 years, and it's time to slow down and spend more time on my farm in New Zealand with my family." Personal life

In the 1971 Queen's Birthday Honours, <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to sport. In the 1992 New Year Honours, he was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to golf. In the 1999 New Year Honours, <mask> was appointed a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to golf.In the 2011 New Year Honours 2011, <mask> was appointed as a Member of the Order of New Zealand, New Zealand's highest civilian honour, for services to New Zealand. In December 1962, <mask> married Verity Joan Aldridge in Johannesburg, South Africa. They met three years previously at the Commonwealth Golf tournament when it was held in South Africa. The golfers Denis Hutchinson and <mask>y served as groomsmen. They had two children, Beverly and David. David is a golf director in the United States. He is a successful golf course designer having had major input into the Formosa Country Club east of Auckland, Millbrook at the resort town of Queenstown, and The Dunes course at Matarangi on the Coromandel Peninsula.He was also consultant to the Clearwater course, near Christchurch, designed by golf architect John Darby. <mask> has played in the Gary Player Invitational several times to assist Gary Player raise funds for various underprivileged children's causes. Professional wins (80)

PGA Tour wins (6)

PGA Tour playoff record (1–2)

European Tour wins (4)

European Tour playoff record (0–1)

Sunshine Tour wins (1)

PGA Tour of Australasia wins (5)

*Note: The 1973 City of Auckland Classic was shortened to 54 holes due to rain. PGA Tour of Australasia playoff record (0–2)

Tournament Players Series wins (1)

Tournament Players Series playoff record (1–0)

European circuit wins (6)
 1961 Bowmaker Tournament
 1962 Swiss Open, Daks Tournament (tie with Dai Rees), Engadine Open
1963 Open Championship
 1969 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship

New Zealand circuit wins (19)
1954 New Zealand Open (as an amateur)
1961 New Zealand PGA Championship, Caltex Tournament
1962 Caltex Tournament
1963 Wattie's Tournament
1966 New Zealand Open, Wattie's Tournament, Metalcraft Tournament, Forest Products Tournament (tie with Tony Jacklin)
1967 New Zealand Wills Masters (tie with Martin Roesink), Caltex Tournament (tie with Peter Thomson), Wattie's Tournament
1968 Wattie's Tournament, Caltex Tournament
1969 Spalding Masters
1970 New Zealand Open
1971 Otago Charity Classic, Caltex Tournament
1972 Spalding Masters

Other wins (1)

Senior PGA Tour wins (25)

*Note: The 1988 Pepsi Senior Challenge was shortened to 36 holes due to rain. Senior PGA Tour playoff record (2–8)

European Senior Tour wins (1)

European Senior Tour playoff record (0–1)

Other senior wins (13)
1986 Mazda Champions (with Amy Alcott)
1987 Mauna Lani Invitational
1988 Fuji Electric Grandslam, 1st National Bank Classic
1989 Fuji Electric Grandslam
1990 Fuji Electric Grandslam, Kintetsu Home Senior, Daikyo Senior Invitational
1991 Kintetsu Home Senior
1998 Office Depot Father/Son Challenge (with son David)
2004 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf – Raphael Division (with Stewart Ginn)
2009 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf – Demaret Division (with Gary Player)
2010 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf – Demaret Division (with Gary Player)

Major championships

Wins (1)

1Defeated Phil Rodgers in a 36-hole playoff (Charles 69-71=140, Rodgers 72-76=148). Results timeline
Amateur

Professional

CUT = missed the halfway cut (3rd round cut in 1976 Open Championship)
WD = withdrew
QF, SF = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" indicates a tie for a place. Source for The Masters: www.masters.com

Source for U.S. Open: USGA Championship Database

Source for The British Open: www.opengolf.com

Source for PGA Championship: PGA Championship Media Guide

Source for 1958 Amateur Championship: The Glasgow Herald, 6 June 1958, p. 4.Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 11 (1962 Masters – 1965 Masters)
Longest streak of top-10s – 3 (1968 U.S. Open – 1968 PGA)

Senior major championships

Wins (2)

Team appearances
Amateur
Eisenhower Trophy (representing New Zealand): 1958, 1960
Commonwealth Tournament (representing New Zealand): 1959
Sloan Morpeth Trophy (representing New Zealand): 1956

Professional
World Cup (representing New Zealand): 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1972
Hennessy Cognac Cup (representing the Rest of the World): 1982
Dunhill Cup (representing New Zealand): 1985, 1986

See also
List of golfers with most Champions Tour wins
List of men's major championships winning golfers

References

External links

New Zealand male golfers
PGA Tour of Australasia golfers
PGA Tour golfers
European Tour golfers
PGA Tour Champions golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
Winners of senior major golf championships
World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit
Members of the Order of New Zealand
Left-handed golfers
People in sports awarded knighthoods
People educated at Wairarapa College
People from Carterton, New Zealand
Sportspeople from Masterton
People from Oxford, New Zealand
1936 births
Living people

masks:
Robert James Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Bobby Verwe
Charles


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<mask> (born 1971 in Cork, Ireland) is a former Irish sportsperson. He played Gaelic football with his local club Nemo Rangers and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 1993 until 2004. Playing career

Club
<mask> played his club football with the Nemo Rangers club on the south side of Cork city, with whom he has had a number of successes. He first came to prominence as a player on the club's minor team that captured the Cork Minor Football Championship title in 1989. <mask> subsequently joined the Nemo Rangers senior team. He secured a county championship winners' medal in this grade in 1993, following a nine-point defeat of near rivals St. Finbarr's. Nemo later represented Cork in the provincial club championship and even reached the final of that competition.A 1–17 to 0–4 drubbing of Kilmurray Ibrickane gave <mask> a Munster club winners' medal. He later lined out in his first All-Ireland club final, with Mayo's Castlebar Mitchels providing the opposition. A goal after just ten seconds helped Nemo to eventually secure a 3–11 to 0–8 victory. With that <mask> collected an All-Ireland club winners' medal. By this stage Kavanagh had also joined the Nemo Rangers senior team. He secured a county championship winners' medal in this grade in 2000, following a ten-point defeat of divisional side Carbery. Nemo later represented Cork in the provincial club championship and even reached the final of that competition.A 0–11 to 0–7 defeat of Glenflesk gave Kavanagh a Munster club winners' medal. He later lined out in the foot-and-mouth delayed All-Ireland club final, with Mayo's Crossmolina providing the opposition. Nemo looked to be in the driving seat, however, a second-half comeback, inspired by Ciarán McDonald, saw the momentum switch to the Mayo side. A late <mask> goal narrowed the deficit to one point, however, Nemo were eventually and narrowly defeated by 0–16 to 1–12. <mask> secured a second county championship winners' medal in 2000, following a ten-point defeat of divisional side Carbery. Nemo later reached the final of the provincial club championship. An 0–11 to 0–7 defeat of Glenflesk gave <mask> a second Munster club winners' medal.He later lined out in the foot-and-mouth delayed All-Ireland club final, with Mayo's Crossmolina providing the opposition. Nemo looked to be in the driving seat, however, a second-half comeback, inspired by Ciarán McDonald, saw the momentum switch to the Mayo side. A late goal by <mask> narrowed the deficit to one point, however, Nemo were eventually and narrowly defeated by 0–16 to 1–12. In 2001 <mask> secured a third county championship title as Nemo Rangers trounced Bantry Blues in the final. A third Munster club winners' medal was quickly captured, after a 1–11 to 0–10 defeat of Fethard. <mask> subsequently lined out in his second All-Ireland club final, this time with Ballinderry providing the opposition. The championship decider was switched to Semple Stadium because of the reconstruction of Croke Park, however, a change of venue did not suit Nemo.Goals by Gerard Cassidy and Declan Bateson gave the Derry side a 2–10 to 0–9 victory. It was a second consecutive All-Ireland defeat for Nemo. 2002 saw Nemo becoming the first team in nearly sixty years to win three county championship titles in-a-row. A third consecutive Munster club title quickly followed for <mask>, as Nemo trounced Monaleen of Limerick by 4–15 to 0–6. For the third successive year <mask> subsequently lined out in the All-Ireland club final, however, Nemo faced the prospect of becoming three-in-a-row losers. Crossmolina provided the opposition for the second time in three years and the game was a close affair. <mask> scored six points to give Nemo a 0–14 to 1–9 victory.At the third time of asking <mask> had finally captured a second All-Ireland club winners' medal. Inter-county
<mask> first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork minor football team in the late 1980s. He was a non-playing substitute in 1988 as Cork were defeated by Kerry in the Munster final. <mask> joined the starting fifteen in 1989, however, Cork suffered the same fate in the provincial decider. That same year <mask> was also a member of the Cork under-21 football team. He missed out on the team's Munster Under-21 Championship final victory, however, he came on as a substitute in the subsequent All-Ireland final. Galway provided the opposition on that occasion and a close game developed.At the full-time whistle Cork were the champions by 2–8 to 1–10 and <mask> picked up an All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship winners' medal. <mask> was expected to join the Cork senior team, however, in 1990 he went to Australia and played Australian Rules Football with Carlton. He returned to Ireland in 1991 and, as expected, joined the Cork senior football panel. In 1993 <mask> made his senior championship debut for Cork. In that game against Clare he scored a remarkable 2–5. Cork later defeated Tipperary in the provincial final by 1–16 to 1–8, giving <mask> his first Munster winners' medal. Cork subsequently qualified for the All-Ireland final, with Derry providing the opposition.Things did not go to plan as 'the Rebels' were reduced to fourteen men when Tony Davis was harshly red-carded. Séamus Downey scored the winning goal as Derry secured their first All-Ireland with a 1–14 to 2–8 victory. In spite of this defeat <mask> was later presented with an All-Star award. <mask> added a second Munster winners' medal to his collection in 1994 following another victory over Tipperary. Cork, however, were later defeated by eventual champions Down in the All-Ireland semi-final. In 1994 <mask> won a third consecutive Munster title as Kerry fell in the provincial decider. Once again Cork were subsequently defeated by eventual All-Ireland champions Dublin in the All-Ireland semi-final.Cork lost their provincial crown for the next few seasons, however, in 2002 <mask>, who returned to football after a heart condition, tasted success once again. Tipperary provided the opposition in the provincial decider, however, the game ended in a draw. After a thrilling draw Cork trounced Tipperary by 1–23 to 0–7 in the subsequent replay. It was <mask>'s fourth Munster winners' medal and his first as captain. The subsequent All-Ireland semi-final pitted Cork against Kerry. It was an historic occasion as it was the first time that these rival teams had met in Croke Park. However Cork were trounced on a score line of 3–19 to 2–7.The year ended with the Cork hurling team going on strike. In turn, the football team joined in a sympathy strike. The players, who had been seeking better conditions, refused to play or train with the county again until the dispute with the county board was resolved. Following the strike the fortunes of the Cork football team took a turn for the worse. A series of defeats in 2003 and 2004 saw the Cork football team reach an all-time low. <mask> retired from inter-county football following the 2004 championship. Inter-provincial
<mask> also lined out with Munster in the inter-provincial football competition.He played with his province in 1995, 1996 and 1997, however, Munster were defeated on all three occasions. Career statistics

Club

References

1971 births
Living people
Nemo Rangers Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers
Munster inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
Irish players of Australian rules football

masks:
Colin Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Colin Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery
Corkery


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<mask> (4 November 1771 – 30 April 1854) was a Scottish-born hymn writer, poet and editor, who eventually settled in Sheffield. He was raised in the Moravian Church and theologically trained there, so that his writings often reflect concern for humanitarian causes, such as the abolition of slavery and the exploitation of child chimney sweeps. Early life and poetry
<mask> was born at Irvine in south-west Scotland, the son of a pastor and missionary of the Moravian Brethren. He was sent to be trained for the ministry at the Moravian School at Fulneck, near Leeds, while his parents left for the West Indies, where both died within a year of each other. At Fulneck, secular studies were banned, but <mask> still found means of borrowing and reading a good deal of poetry and made ambitious plans to write epics of his own. On failing to complete his schooling, <mask> was apprenticed to a baker in Mirfield, then to a store-keeper at Wath-upon-Dearne. After further efforts, including an unsuccessful attempt at a literary career in London, he moved north again to Sheffield in 1792 as an assistant to Joseph Gales, auctioneer, bookseller and printer of the Sheffield Register, who introduced him into the local Lodge of Oddfellows, to which he later addressed a song.In 1794, Gales left England to avoid political prosecution and <mask> took the paper in hand, changing its name to the Sheffield Iris. These were times of political repression. <mask> was twice imprisoned on charges of sedition, first in 1795 for printing a poem to celebrate the fall of the Bastille in revolutionary France, and secondly in 1796 for criticising a magistrate for forcibly dispersing a political protest in Sheffield. Turning his jail experiences to some profit, he then published a pamphlet of poems written during his captivity: Prison Amusements (1797). His later prose account of the period appeared in 1840. For some time the Iris was the only newspaper in Sheffield, but beyond an ability to produce fairly creditable articles from week to week, <mask> lacked the journalistic skills to take full advantage of his position. Other newspapers arose to fill the place which his might have held and in 1825 he sold out to a local bookseller, John Blackwell.Meanwhile, <mask> continued to write poetry. He achieved some fame with The Wanderer of Switzerland (1806), a poem in six parts written in seven-syllable cross-rhymed quatrains. It addressed the French annexation of Switzerland and quickly went through two editions. When it was denounced the following year in the conservative Edinburgh Review as a poem that would be speedily forgotten, Lord Byron came to its defence in the satire English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. Nevertheless, within 18 months a fourth impression of 1500 copies was issued from the very presses that had printed the criticism, and several more would follow. This success brought <mask> a commission from the printer Bowyer to write a poem on the abolition of the slave trade, to be published with other poems on the subject by Elizabeth Benger and <mask> in a handsome illustrated volume. The subject appealed to the poet's philanthropic enthusiasm and his own family associations with the West Indies.The four-part poem in heroic couplets appeared in 1809 as The West Indies. <mask> also used heroic couplets for The World before the Flood (1812), a piece of historical reconstruction in ten cantos. He then turned to attacking the lottery in Thoughts on Wheels (1817) and took up the cause of chimney sweeps' apprentices in The Climbing Boys' Soliloquies. His next major poem was Greenland (1819) in five cantos of heroic couplets. It was prefaced by a description of the ancient Moravian church, its 18th-century revival and its mission to Greenland in 1733. The poem was noted for the beauty of its descriptions:

Later career

<mask>'s only other long poem, after retiring from newspaper editorship, was The Pelican Island (1828): nine cantos of descriptive blank verse, which garnered mixed responses, ranging between the summarily dismissive and [[Blackwood's Magazine|Blackwood's Magazine'''s]] "the best of all <mask>'s poems: in idea the most original, in execution the most powerful." <mask> himself expected that his name would live, if at all, in his hymns.Some of these, such as "Hail to the Lord's Anointed", "Prayer is the Soul's Sincere Desire", "Stand up and Bless the Lord" and the carol "Angels from the Realms of Glory", are still sung. "The Lord Is My Shepherd" is a popular hymn with many denominations, based on Psalm 23. "A Poor Wayfaring Man of Grief" has been adopted as a favourite in the Latter Day Saint movement. The earliest of his hymns dates from his days in Wath on Dearne and he added to their number over the years. The main boost came when the Rev. <mask> arrived at the parish church St Paul's, a chapel of ease to St Peter's, Sheffield's only parish church, in 1817. Cotterill had compiled and published A Selection of Psalms and Hymns Adapted to the Services of the Church of England in 1810, but to his disappointment and concern he found that his new parishioners did not take kindly to using it.He therefore enlisted the help of <mask> to help him revise the collection and improve it by adding some hymns of the poet's own composition. This new edition, meeting with the approval of the Archbishop of York (and eventually of the parishioners at St Paul's), was finally published in 1820. In 1822 <mask> published his own Songs of Zion: Being Imitations of Psalms, the first of several more collections of hymns. During his life he composed some 400 hymns, although less than a hundred of them are commonly sung today. From 1835 until his death, <mask> lived at The Mount in Glossop Road, Sheffield. He was well regarded in the city and played an active part in its philanthropy and religious life. He died on 30 April 1854, was honoured by a public funeral, and buried in Sheffield General Cemetery.He had remained unmarried. Legacy
In 1861, a monument designed by John Bell (1811–1895) was erected over his grave in the Sheffield cemetery at a cost of £1000, raised by public subscription on the initiative of the Sheffield Sunday School Union, of which he was among the founding members. On its granite pedestal is inscribed: "Here lies interred, beloved by all who knew him, the Christian poet, patriot, and philanthropist. Wherever poetry is read, or Christian hymns sung, in the English language, 'he being dead, yet speaketh' by the genius, piety and taste embodied in his writings." There are also extracts from his poems "Prayer" and "The Grave". After the statue fell into disrepair it was moved in 1971 to the precincts of Sheffield Cathedral, where there is also a memorial window to him. Elsewhere in Sheffield there are various streets named after <mask>, as is a Grade II-listed drinking fountain on Broad Lane.The Surrey Street meeting hall of the Sunday Schools Union (now known as The Montgomery) was named in his honour in 1886. It houses a 420-seat theatre, which also bears his name. Elsewhere, Wath-upon-Dearne, flattered by being called "the queen of villages" in his work, has repaid the compliment by naming after him a community hall, a street and a square. His birthplace in Irvine was renamed Montgomery House after he had paid the town a return visit in 1841, but it has since been demolished. Other worksPoetical Works, four editions in 1821, 1836, 1841, and 1854
Editor: The Chimney-Sweeper's Friend and Climbing-Boy's Album, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1824
Editor: The Christian Psalmist; or, Hymns, Selected and Original, Glasgow: Chalmers and Collins, 1825. sixth edn. 1829; Read Books, 2008,
Editor: The Christian poet; or, selections in verse on sacred subjects, Wm Collins, Glasgow, 1825An Essay on the Phrenology of the Hindoos and Negroes, London: Printed for E. Lloyd, 1829Original Hymns For Public, Private, and Social Devotion, London: Longman, Brown, Green, 1853Prose by a Poet'', 2 vols, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1824

References

External links

The 1854 illustrated edition of <mask>'s poems
John Holland and <mask>, Memoirs of the life and writings of <mask>: including selections from his correspondence, remains in prose and verse, and conversations on various subjects, London, 1855

<mask> Collection. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.1771 births
1854 deaths
History of Sheffield
Burials at Sheffield General Cemetery
Christian hymnwriters
Writers of the Moravian Church
British people of the Moravian Church
People educated at Fulneck School
Hymnal editors

masks:
James Montgomery
Montgomery
James
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
James Grahame
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
James Cotterill
James Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
James Everett
James Montgomery
James Montgomery


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<mask><mask> (June 16, 1926 – August 25, 2010) was the chairman, president and chief executive officer of Torchmark Corporation. Family and education
<mask> was born in Erie, Kansas in 1926. The youngest of five boys, his brothers were Marion, Earle, Jr., <mask>, and Leland. His father owned a drug store where <mask> worked. After serving in the Army Air Corps during World War II, he received his undergraduate degree from Washburn University in 1949 and a law degree from Washburn Law in 1951. In 1989, the school awarded him an honorary doctorate of commerce. While an undergraduate he was initiated into the Kansas Beta chapter of Phi Delta Theta.During law school he was a member of the law fraternity Delta Theta Phi. <mask> was married to Florence (<mask><mask>. The <mask>s met at Washburn where Florence was a member of Delta Gamma. Their children are <mask>, a retired insurance executive and founding member of the McHeadley Society, <mask>, CEO of Neosho Capital, and <mask> Graves. Linda is married to former Kansas Governor Bill Graves. The couple had six grandchildren. Career
After graduating from Washburn in 1951, <mask> served as an attorney with the Kansas Insurance Department and later as legislative manager for the American Mutual Insurance Alliance of Chicago, Illinois.In 1964, he joined Globe Life And Accident Insurance Company in Oklahoma City as vice president and general counsel. He was eventually elected chairman and chief executive officer and maintained that position until 1980. Globe Life was purchased by Torchmark Corporation (hereafter referred to as "Torchmark" or "The Company"), and in 1982 <mask> was elected president of the Birmingham, Alabama-based Torchmark Corporation. On January 1, 1985, <mask> was named president and chief executive officer of Torchmark Corporation. Under <mask>’s leadership, Torchmark successfully integrated several of the companies it had spent more than half a billion dollars to acquire during a buying spree in the late 1970s and early 1980s. These acquisitions included Globe Life And Accident Insurance Company, Continental Investment Corporation, and United American Insurance Company. Continental owned Waddell & Reed and United Investors Life Insurance Company.While many other insurance providers were lured into the high-return, high-risk junk bond, and commercial real estate markets of the 1980s, Torchmark maintained three-fourths of its invested assets in reliable, government-guaranteed securities and short-term investments. When the bottom fell out of the junk bond and real estate markets in the late 1980s, Torchmark emerged unscathed. Torchmark's conservative investment strategies earned its primary subsidiaries the industry's highest ratings. The national scandals, however, did affect The Company, in the form of increased contributions to the federal guaranty fund to bail out insolvent insurers. The 1990s began promisingly for Torchmark, as 1992 marked The Company's forty-first consecutive year of growth. By then, its stock price had shot up an astronomical 1,675% from its 1980 levels. In 1994, however, The Company experienced some setbacks.In large part as a result of some poorly performing investments and the fallout from several different legal disputes in Alabama stemming from alleged misconduct by Agents at Liberty National Life Insurance Company, The Company's growth streak was snapped. Revenues declined to $1.9 billion from 1993's $2.2 billion and net income dropped $31 million from 1993's results, to $269 million. 1994 also saw some alterations in The Company's business balance as Torchmark made the strategic decision to focus more heavily on its life insurance operations at the expense of its health insurance ones (life insurance products tended to have higher operating margins, build better assets, and be under less year-to-year growth pressure). Buoyed by the acquisition of American Family Life Insurance Company for $552 million in November of that year, Torchmark's life insurance revenues jumped 16% from 1993's levels, while the health insurance sector contracted by 31.2% over the same period. The restructuring of 1994 helped stanch the decline in Torchmark's revenues, as 1995 sales climbed to $2.1 billion, recouping nearly all of the 1993-94 drop. Net income, however, declined nearly 47% from 1994 ($143 million) as a result of poor growth in the Medicare supplemental insurance sector along with The Company's litigation exposure, heavy debt burden from the American Family Life acquisition, and underperforming oil and gas investments. (The Medicare business had been slumping ever since federal legislation enacted in 1992 capped the commissions that vendors of such policies could charge.)To remedy this situation as best it could, Torchmark opted to divest itself of its holdings in the energy industry to streamline its operations and dedicate itself more effectively to its core insurance, mutual fund, and asset management businesses. In 1995, Torchmark liquidated its investments in Torch Energy Advisors, Inc., the Black Warrior coal mine, and its holdings in Nuevo Energy Co.

<mask> retired as CEO in March 1998 and chairman in 2002. Other activities and interests
<mask> was active in a number of industry and charitable activities. He was a former president of the Association of Oklahoma Life Insurance Companies, a former director of the American Council of Life and Health Insurance and board member for the National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center. From 1982 to 1999 he was a trustee of the Washburn Endowment Association and later a trustee emeritus. He was also a former member of the Washburn Law board of governors. <mask> and his wife were the benefactors of the Richey Scholars Program at Washburn, making them one of the university's most generous donors in its history.Around the time of his graduation from law school, <mask> joined together with eight other Phi Delta Theta fraternity brothers to form the "Free Society of GNIP-GNOP." For more than fifty years, this group has sponsored prizes for best note and comment at Washburn Law. <mask> previously served on the board of directors of Full House Resorts. From 1998 until 2004, Full House was led by CEO William P. McComas. McComas and <mask> were fraternity brothers at Washburn. Honors and recognition
<mask> received numerous awards for both his professional accomplishments and philanthropic endeavors including:

 Distinguished Service Award from Washburn University, 1993
 Bronze Award Winner, Insurance Diversified Category, CEO of the Year, 1993
 Bronze Award Winner, Insurance Diversified Category, CEO of the Year, 1992
 Silver Award Winner, Insurance Life/Health Category, CEO of the Year, 1991
 First Place Winner, Finance Industry CEO of the Year, Financial World, 1990
 Outstanding Insurance Executive, 1991
 Honorary Doctor of Commerce, Washburn University, 1989
 First Place Winner, CEO of the Decade, Financial World, 1989
 <mask>nsan of Distinction, Topeka Capital Journal, 1987

References

1926 births
American chief executives of financial services companies
Washburn University alumni
People from Neosho County, Kansas
2010 deaths

masks:
Ronald K
. Richey
Richey
Keith
Richey
Richey
Kane
) Richey
Richey
Robert Richey
Chris Richey
Linda Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Richey
Ka


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<mask> (born 16 January 1972) is a Vincentian professional football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach of Major League Soccer club Chicago Fire. Born in Layou, <mask> moved with his family to the United States at a young age and played college soccer with the Drake Bulldogs. He began his senior career with semi-professional clubs Des Moines Menace and New Orleans Riverboat Gamblers before being drafted in the 1997 MLS Supplemental Draft by the NY/NJ MetroStars. He was cut midseason by the MetroStars before joining the Los Angeles Galaxy. While with the Galaxy, <mask> formed part of the defense that would go on to win the Supporters' Shield in 1998 and then both the Shield and MLS Cup in 2002. In 2003, Hendrickson was traded by the Galaxy to the Dallas Burn.Following the 2003 season, <mask> joined A-League club Charleston Battery before quickly moving back to Major League Soccer, joining D.C. United. With D.C. United, <mask> won his second MLS Cup but was an unused substitute during the match. He then moved to Chivas USA before joining the Columbus Crew in 2006. <mask> ended his playing career in 2008, winning both his third MLS Cup and second Supporters' Shield. He was also capped 36 times for the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national team, scoring two goals internationally. In 2009, <mask> began his coaching career, joining Major League Soccer expansion club Seattle Sounders FC as an assistant to his former head coach, Sigi Schmid. While an assistant, he would often coach the club's reserve side, finally becoming the first head coach of their professional reserve affiliate, Seattle Sounders FC 2, in 2015.While coaching with Sounders FC 2, <mask> was also an assistant with the Vincentian national team. He left both roles in 2018, returning as an assistant to Sigi Schmid with the LA Galaxy. From 2019 to 2021, he joined the Columbus Crew as an assistant to Caleb Porter before being announced as the head coach of the Chicago Fire for the 2022 season. Early life
<mask> was born in Layou, St. Vincent. He played club soccer and varsity basketball at Western High School in Russiaville, Indiana. He then played college soccer at Drake University from 1990 to 1993, where he was named all-Missouri Valley Conference three times, and was named an NSCAA third team All-American as a senior. Upon graduating, <mask> joined the amateur Des Moines Menace in 1994, where he played striker, scoring 13 goals in his first year.After a season with the Menace, <mask> was signed to a professional contract by the New Orleans Riverboat Gamblers of the USISL. Hendrickson played for the Riverboat Gamblers, and was named Select League Defender of the Year in 1996. Professional career
After his exceptional 1996 season, <mask> was drafted 5th overall in the 1997 MLS Supplemental Draft by the New York/New Jersey MetroStars, for whom he played eight matches in 1997. During his time with NY/NJ, fans gave him the nickname 'The Caribbean Beckenbauer'. Midseason, <mask> was cut and picked up by the Los Angeles Galaxy, where he solidified his role as a starter, and earn a reputation as one of the best wing backs in MLS. After seven seasons with the Galaxy, <mask> was traded to the Dallas Burn in 2003. When the Burn reorganised the team following their 2003 campaign, Hendrickson found himself without a team in MLS, and briefly signed with the Charleston Battery of the A-League.However, not long into the 2004 season, D.C. United acquired him to play a backup role in their central defence. <mask> was selected fifth overall by C.D. Chivas USA in the Expansion Draft after the season. After a year with Chivas, he was on a move again, sent to Columbus early in the 2006 season. He retired after helping the Crew to its first MLS title during the 2008 season. International
<mask> also spent time as the captain of the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national team, and was one of the team's best players since earning his first cap in 1995 against Barbados. He made 24 appearances for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in the 1998, 2002, and 2006 World Cup qualifiers and 123 overall, scoring twice during a  1996 Caribbean Cup match against Haiti on 27 May 1996.Coaching career
After retiring, <mask> joined the staff of Seattle Sounders FC, working as an assistant to his former coach, Sigi Schmid. After managing the Sounders reserves for several seasons, he was named head coach for Seattle Sounders FC 2 upon the club's entry into the United Soccer League. Chicago Fire
On 24 November 2021, <mask> was appointed head coach at Major League Soccer club Chicago Fire from the 2022 season. Coaching statistics

Honours

Player
Los Angeles Galaxy
 MLS Cup: 2002
 Supporters' Shield: 1998, 2002

D.C. United
 MLS Cup: 2004

Columbus Crew
 MLS Cup: 2008
 Supporters' Shield: 2008

Individual
 USISL Select League Defender of the Year: 1996

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Charleston Battery players
Chivas USA players
Columbus Crew players
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
FC Dallas players
D.C. United players
Des Moines Menace players
Drake Bulldogs men's soccer players
LA Galaxy players
Major League Soccer players
New York Red Bulls players
New Orleans Riverboat Gamblers players
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines footballers
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines expatriate footballers
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines international footballers
1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
USISL players
USL A-League players
USISL Pro League players
USISL Select League players
New York Red Bulls draft picks
Seattle Sounders FC non-playing staff
Association football defenders
People from Saint Andrew Parish, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Tacoma Defiance coaches
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines football managers
Columbus Crew non-playing staff
LA Galaxy non-playing staff
People from Howard County, Indiana
Soccer players from Indiana

masks:
Ezra Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson


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<mask> was born in Zagreb, Croatia in 1948. He gained his diploma in Art History and English language (University of Zagreb, 1969-1974), he then pursued the post-graduate study of Journalism (Faculty of Political sciences, Zagreb, 1975–76) and two-semester-course of contemporary Museology (Sorbonne, Paris, 1978-1979) and made his PhD in Museology (University of Ljubljana, 1985). Following a seven-year period of curatorships in Zagreb (1975-1981) and another seven years as Director of The Museum Documentation Centre (1981-1987), <mask> joined the University of Zagreb and was appointed Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, having retired in full professor tenure (1987-2013). His academic research is closely linked to the profession and he draws on his practical experience as a curator, director, editor, lecturer and consultant. Professor <mask>’s main research interests are in the practice of heritage and especially in examining its theoretical underpinnings, for which he coined the terms “Heritology“ (1982) and “Mnemosophy” (1987). Both describe the convergence of museum and heritage related occupations into one mega-profession based upon common science. The latter term as certain „cybernetic philosophy of heritage, addresses public memory issues and institutions in a more accurate way.His broad lecturing and publishing activity covered many other themes. Most of his books and writings are freely accessible online. Professor <mask> is the founder of The Best in Heritage, the world’s only annual survey of award-winning museum, heritage and conservation projects in Dubrovnik, (2002). Bibliography
(listed in the original language of each communication)

Scientific monographs and books
 Antimuzej: bibliofilsko izdanje. Zagreb: Zbirka Biškupić, 1985. Role of museums in developing countries. Varanasi: Bharat Kala Bhavan Hindu University, 1989. p. 24.Essays On Museums And Their Theory: towards the cybernetic museum. Helsinki:  Finnish Museums Association, 1997. p. 293. Marketing u muzejima ili o vrlini i kako je obznaniti. Zagreb: Hrvatsko muzejsko društvo, 2001. Str. 322. Marketing u muzejima ili o vrlini i kako je obznaniti.Beograd: Clio, 2002. Str. 380. Eseji o muzejima i njihovoj teoriji-prema kibernetičkom muzeju. Zagreb: Hrvatski nacionalni komitet ICOM, 2003. Str. 350.De la vanitat a la saviesa / From Vanity to Wisdom // Institu Catala de Recercs en Patrimoni Cultural, Girona, 2009, pp. 1–71. Prema totalnom muzeju. Beograd, 2011, Centar za muzeologiju i heritologiju
 Eternity does not live here any more - a glossary of museum sins, Zagreb, 2012. Вечность здесь больше не живет: толковый словарь музейных грехов. — Тула: Музей-усадьба Л.Н.Толстого «Ясная Поляна», 2013. – 356 с.
 Javno pamćenje, čuvanje različitosti i mogući projekti.Zavod za Informacijske znanosti. Filozofski fakultet, Zagreb, 2014. <mask>, <mask> S. Mnemosophy. Essay on the science of public memory. EUB, Zagreb, 2015. 320 p.
 Шола Т.С. Мнемософия.Эссе о науке публичной памяти. /Пер. с англ. Синицыной О.В./. Ростов Великий ИКОМ России; ГМЗ «Ростовский кремль» 2017г. 320 с. Chapters in books
 The Museum Curator: endangered species.// Museums 2000 / ed. by  Patrick Boylan. London : Association Routledge, 1990. pp. 152–164. Museums and Curatorship: the role of theory // The Museum Profession/ ed. by Gaynor Kavanagh. Leicester : Leicester University Press,1991.pp. 125–137. The European Dream and Reality of Museums: a report from South-East. // Museums and Europe 1992 / ed. by Susan Pearce. London : The Athlone Press, 1992. pp. 159–173.Museums, museology, and ethics: a changing paradigm// Museum Ethics/ ed. by Gary Edson. London: Routledge, 1997.  pp. 168–175. The role of Museums in Sustaining Cultural Diversity // Cultural Traditions in Northern Ireland: cultural diversity in contemporary Europe./ ed. by maurna Crozier and Richard Froggat. Belfast: The Institute of Irish Studies, 1997. pp.107–113
 Redefining collecting // Museums and the future of Collecting (Second Edition) / ed. by Simon J. Knell. Ashgate Publishing Limited: Aldershot. 2004. pp. 250–260. The importance of being wise or could "Museum archaeology" help us be better professionals // Archeologia del museo / Lenzi, Fiamma ; Zifferero, Andrea (ed.). Bologna : Editrice Compositori, 2004. pp.11–16. Baština kao poziv i društveno opredjeljenje // Ivi Maroeviću baštinici u spomen / Vujić, Žarka ; Špikić, Marko (ed. ), Zagreb : Zavod za informacijske studije Odsjeka za informacijske znanosti Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, 2009. Str. 111-138. Towards the Total Museum/ Museums in a Digital Age / Parry, Ross (ed. )London : Routledge, 2009. pp.421–426. The Museum Definition: Questioning the Scope and Motives // What is a museum? / Davis, A ; Mairesse, F ; Desvallees, A. (ed.). Muenchen : Verlag Dr. C.Mueller-Straten, 2010. pp. 106–112. European Collection Resources - museums serving European identity // Encouraging Collections Mobility - A way forward for museums in Europe / Pettersson, Susanna (ur.)Helsinki, Finska : Finnish National Gallery, 2010. pp. 248–257. Virtues and Qualities - a contribution to professionalizing the heritage profession // The Best in Heritage / <mask>, <mask> (ed.) Zagreb : European Heritage Association, 2011. pp. 10–21. Uloga baštinskih institucija u građenju nacionalnog identiteta // Hrvatski identitet / Horvat, Romana (ed.). Zagreb : Matica hrvatska, 2011.Str. 255-285. The heritage product as suggested by a marketing approach // Sketches and essays to mark twenty years of the International Cultural Centre / Purchla, Jacek (ed.). Kraków : International Cultural Centre, 2011. pp. 460–470. References

External links

 Mnemosophy - <mask> <mask>'s Blog
 The Best in Heritage official Website
 DUGi Media - <mask> <mask>
 The Future of Museums and the Role of Museology
 A Contribution to Understanding of Museums: Why Would the Museums Count? Heritology

Museologists
University of Zagreb faculty
Scientists from Zagreb
Living people
1948 births
University of Ljubljana alumni

masks:
Tomislav Sladojević Šola
Šola
Tomislav Šola
Šola
Šola
Tomislav
Šola
Tomislav
Tomislav
Šola
Tomislav
Šola


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<mask> (30 October 1893 – 16 July 1962) was a Dutch historian, journalist, literary scholar and professor of history at the University of Amsterdam. A Marxist and a student of Huizinga, Romein is remembered for his popularizing books of Dutch national history, jointly authored with his wife <mask>choor. His work has been translated into English, German, French, Italian, Polish, Indonesian and Japanese. Biography
Born in Rotterdam, Romein married the writer and historian <mask>or (1895–1978) on 14 August 1920. Romein began writing while studying humanities at the University of Leiden (1914–1920). Of his professors the historian Johan Huizinga inspired him the most. During his studies and impressed by the First World War and the Russian Revolution he became interested in Marxism.He translated Franz Mehring's biography on Karl Marx into Dutch (1921; with an introductory essay). After a stay of seven months in Denmark, where Romein's friend and former fellow student Hans Kramers had become the assistant of the physicist Niels Bohr, the couple moved to Amsterdam in 1921. Romein became an editor of the daily De Tribune of the young Communistische Partij Holland (CPH, Communist Party of Holland). In addition, he worked as a freelance writer and translator. Already in 1916-1918 he published a Dutch translation of Romain Rolland's Jean Christophe (10 vols., with an introductory essay). In 1924 he received his doctoral degree, with the highest distinction, at the University of Leiden with the dissertation Dostoyevsky in the Eyes of Western Critics. In 1927 he left the communist party, but he remained interested in Marxism and in the political development of the Soviet Union and of Asia.After publishing a book on the history of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium, 1928) he translated and edited the Harmsworth's Universal History of the World into Dutch, in co-operation with other historians (1929–1932, 9 vols. ), with three added chapters written by himself. His first book publication in the field of Dutch history was a pioneering study on the history of Dutch historical writing during the Middle Ages (1932). His most famous books include a history of The Low Countries (1934) and a four-volume work with 36 short biographies of important Dutch (1938–1940), both in cooperation with his wife and fellow historian <mask>-Verschoor. In 1939, <mask> was appointed professor of history at the University of Amsterdam. He survived World War II after being held hostage as a prisoner for three months by the German police in the notorious Amersfoort police detention camp, and returned to writing and teaching. In 2011 <mask> and his wife were posthumously awarded the title "Righteous among the Nations" by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, for offering a hiding place to two persecuted Jewish fellow-citizens during the German occupation.In 1937, he published an essay on technology called "The dialectics of progress" (in Dutch: "De dialectiek van de vooruitgang") in which he describes a phenomenon called the "Law of the handicap of a head start" ("Wet van de remmende voorsprong"), as part of the series "The unfinished past" (in Dutch: "Het onvoltooid verleden"). This article was also published in German as "Dialektik des Fortschritts" in: Mass und Wert. Zweimonatsschrift für freie deutsche Kultur (eds. Thomas Mann and Konrad Falke), vol. 2 (Zurich, Switzerland, 1939). In 1946, <mask> received a copy of Anne Frank's diary which she tried to have published. When she was unsuccessful, she gave the diary to her husband, who wrote the first article about the diary and its writer, for the newspaper Het Parool.Interest raised by his article led to the diary being published the following year. Romein was interested in the (auto)biographical approach to history. During the years of German occupation he wrote a book on this, which was published in 1946 (German translation 1948) and is still regarded as an informative and original contribution to the historiography of the genre. Also in 1946, he introduced the theory of history as a subject in the academic curriculum. Soon after the beginning of the Cold War his marxist conceptions, though undogmatic, had placed him in relative isolation, and in 1949 he was denied entry to the United States for an intended speaking engagement at an international scholarly conference in Princeton of which he was one of the initiators. Instead, he was welcomed as a guest professor in the young republic of Indonesia during the 1951–1952 academic year. He devoted the latter part of his life to writing a history of Europe during the 25-year period from 1889 to 1914: The Watershed of Two Eras.Europe in 1900, which was published posthumously in 1967 (English edition 1978). According to various reviewers it "is a highly successful attempt at writing an analysis and synthesis of European history between the years 1890 and the outbreak of the First World War", the decades during which Europe's supremacy in the world started waning. "This is one of the best books of its kind of integrated history. (...) Romein has successfully integrated the various branches of history - economic, cultural and political - without being stilted. (...) This work can be read with great profit by the highly educated general reader, the undergraduate history major, the advanced graduate student, and the professional historian." The book devotes chapters to all aspects of European history during this period: not only economic, social, cultural and political history, but also the developments in science, medicine, law and criminology, psychology, literature, art, women emancipation, religion and atheism, education etc. The American Historical Review concluded: "the book is a treasury of illuminating fact and perceptive commentary."Due to a chronic illness, which became manifest in 1959, he limited his professorship at the University of Amsterdam to solely Theoretical History. He died in Amsterdam in July 1962. Political views
<mask> held Marxist views and was active within the Communist Party of Holland (CPH) from 1917 onwards, initially as a secretary for the communist parliamentarian Willem van Ravesteyn, then as a high-ranking editor of the party's daily De Tribune. When internal struggles led to a Moscow-backed "palace revolution" in 1925, Romein sided with Van Ravesteyn and David Wijnkoop, and as a result was forced out of the Tribune'''s editorial board. Expulsion from the party for continued support of Wijnkoop followed in 1927, ending Romein's direct involvement in politics. Romein's Marxism made him a controversial figure and affected his career when in 1938 he was a candidate for a professorship at the Municipal University of Amsterdam, where professors were appointed by the municipal council. On the one hand, the liberals and right-wing factions disliked Romein for his continued support of the Soviet Union; on the other hand, the communist faction headed by Romein's old friend Wijnkoop were upset about his openly criticizing of Soviet show trials, two years earlier.This criticism, however, won him some sympathy within SDAP faction. A majority that included Wijnkoop's communists voted against <mask>'s appointment. A year later, when a different professorship was vacant, <mask> was appointed professor of Dutch history, this time with support from Wijnkoop and despite a vehement campaign against his candidature. In the Cold War years of the early 1950s, <mask> and his collaborators became relatively isolated. He condemned the Soviet crackdown on the 1956 Hungarian uprising, in a pamphlet that simultaneously denounced the French and British involvement in Egypt during the Suez Crisis. Main works
In English:
 "Theoretical History", in: Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 9, 1948, no.1, pp. 53–64. A World on the Move; a history of colonialism and nationalism in Asia and North Africa from the turn of the century to the Bandung Conference (compiled following an outline of events and dates prepared by J.M<mask> and W.F. Wertheim, who also have written the introductory chapters; captions and running text by H.M. van Randwijk. Transl. from the Dutch by James S. Holmes and A. van Marle), 1956."The Common Human Pattern; the origin and scope of historical theories", in: Delta, review of arts, life and thought in the Netherlands, Summer 1959, pp. 5–20. The Asian Century: A History of Modern Nationalism in Asia (with <mask> <mask>, transl. by R.T. Clark, with a foreword by K.M. Panikkar), 1962. German edition 1958, Indonesian ed. 1958, Japanese ed.1961; Italian ed. 1969. "Change and Continuity in History: The Problem of the 'turnover'," in: Delta, review of arts, life and thought in the Netherlands, Spring 1963, pp. 27–40. "The Significance of the Comparative Approach in Asian Historiography. The National and Social Revolution in Asia and the Time Factor", in: An Introduction to Indonesian Historiography. Eds.Soedjatmoko, Mohammed Ali, G.J. Resink, George McT. Kahin, 1965 (3rd ed. 1975), pp. 380–394. History of Mankind: Culture and Scientific Development, Volume VI: The Twentieth Century (part of a UNESCO-project). Authors/editors: Caroline F. Ware, K. M. Panikkar, and <mask><mask>, 1966.The Watershed of Two Eras. Europe in 1900 (transl. Arnold J. Pomerans. With a biographical and bibliographical introduction by Harry J. Marks, a foreword by <mask>-Verschoor, and a preface by Maarten C. Brands), 1978 (first paperback ed. 1982). Books in Dutch, German, Italian, Polish and Bahasa:
 Dostojewskij in de Westersche critiek.Een hoofdstuk uit de geschiedenis van den literairen roem [Dostoyevsky in the Eyes of Western Critics. A chapter from the history of literary fame], 1924 (doctoral dissertation, cum laude, University of Leiden). Byzantium. Geschiedkundig overzicht van staat en beschaving in het Oost-Romeinsche Rijk [Byzantium. Historical survey of state and civilisation in the Eastern Roman Empire], 1928. Geschiedenis van de Noord-Nederlandsche geschiedschrijving in de Middeleeuwen; Bijdrage tot de beschavingsgeschiedenis [History of the Northern-Dutch Historiography during the Middle Ages. A contribution to civilisation history], 1932.De Lage Landen bij de zee. Geïllustreerde geschiedenis van het Nederlandse volk van Duinkerken tot Delfzijl [The Low Lands by the Sea. An illustrated history of the Dutch people from Dunkirk to Delfzyl], 1934 (8th, rev. & augm. ed. 1979). Het onvoltooid verleden [The Unfinished Past.Essays], 1937 (2nd, augm. ed. 1948). Erflaters van onze beschaving. Nederlandse gestalten uit zes eeuwen (with Annie Verschoor), 4 vols. [Legators of our Civilization. Dutch Figures from Six Centuries], 1938–1940 (13th ed., in one vol., illustr.1979). Abridged German edition (transl. U. Huber-Noodt): Ahnherren der holländischen Kultur. Vierzehn Lebensbilder mit 13 Porträts, 1946 (2nd ed. 1961). De biografie, een inleiding [The Biography; an introduction], 1946 (2nd ed. 1951).German edition (transl. U. Huber-Noodt): Die Biographie; Einführung in ihre Geschichte und ihre Problematik, 1948. Theoretische Geschiedenis [Theoretical History], 1946. Eng. ed. : Theoretical History, in: Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 9, 1948, pp.53–64. German ed. : Theoretische Geschichte. In: Schweizer Beiträge zur Allgemeinen Geschichte, Bern, vol. 5, 1947, pp. 5–27. Apparaat voor de studie der geschiedenis [Apparatus for the study of history], 1949 (9th rev.& augm. ed. 1979). In de Hof der Historie. Kleine encyclopaedie der theoretische geschiedenis [In the Court of History. A Short Encyclopedia of Theoretical History], 1951 (2nd ed. 1963).1. Kebangunan Asia. – 2. Pengertian kerdja di Timur dan Barat, 1953. Asia bergolak, setengah abad sedjarah Asia dalam lebih dari 600 gambar 1900 sampai sekarang, oleh J.M. Romein dan W.F. Wertheim; teks-teks penghubung oleh H.M. van Randwijk, dan terdjemahan oleh Amal Hamzah, 1954.Aera Asia. Terdjadinja, perkembangan dan kemenangan Nasionalisme di Asia dalam abad ke-20. Diselenggarakan bersama-sama dengan J.E. Romein; dan terdjemahan oleh Nur Tugiman (Indonesian translation of The Asian Century), 1958. Das Jahrhundert Asiens, Geschichte des modernen asiatischen Nationalismus; in Zusammenarbeit mit J.E. Romein, übersetzt von H. Jolenberg, 1958. Over integrale geschiedschrijving [On the writing of Integral History], 1958.Op het breukvlak van twee eeuwen [On the Watershed of Two Centuries], 2 vols., 1967 (2nd ed., in one vol., with sub-title: De westerse wereld rond 1900 [The Western World around 1900]. Illustr. 1976); Eng. transl. 1978, first paperback edition 1982. Il secolo dell'Asia. Imperialismo occidentale e rivoluzione asiatica nel secolo XX.Prefaz.di Ernesto Ragionieri. Torino: Einaudi, 1969 (Italian translation of The Asian Century). Twórcy  kultury  holenderskiej  [Makers of the Dutch culture]. Polish translation by Jerzy Hummel of Erflaters van onze beschaving. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy (Warsaw: State Institute for Publishers), 1973; 308 p.
 Historische lijnen en patronen. Een keuze uit de essays'' [Historical headlines and patterns. Selected Essays], 1971 (with a preface by Maarten C. Brands; 2nd ed.1976). External links

Het Parool, April 3, 1946. first published discussion of Anne Frank's diary. <mask><mask>, "The Significance of the Comparative Approach in Asian Historiography. The National and Social Revolution in Asia and the Time Factor", in: An Introduction to Indonesian Historiography. Eds. Soedjatmoko, Mohammed Ali, G.J. Resink, George McT.Kahin (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1965), pp. 380-394. References

1893 births
1962 deaths
Writers from Rotterdam
20th-century Dutch historians
Dutch Righteous Among the Nations
20th-century Dutch journalists
Anne Frank

masks:
Jan Marius Romein
Annie Romein Vers
Annie Romein Verscho
Annie Romein
Romein
Jan Romein
Annie Romein
Romein
Romein
Romein
Romein
. Romein
Jan Erik
Romein
Jan M
. Romein
Annie Romein
Jan M
. Romein


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<mask> (born December 1948) is an American financial journalist and author working in New York City. Since 1989, she has been a reporter on the staff of The New York Times working on staff until December 2011 and under contract as a contributing writer thereafter. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Bryan, Texas, and raised primarily in Roanoke, Virginia, where she was introduced to journalism through the Junior Achievement program at her public high school. Graduating in 1966, she was awarded a scholarship to The George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs in Washington, D.C., where she worked on the campus newspaper, The Hatchet. In September 1969, she graduated with distinction, Phi Beta Kappa, from what is now the university's Elliott School of International Affairs. In May 2011, <mask> was elected to the George Washington University Board of Trustees. Career
Soon after her marriage in 1969 to Laurence B<mask>., she was hired as the editor of The Lawrence Ledger, a small weekly paper covering Lawrence Township, N.J. After working at several local and regional daily newspapers, including The Philadelphia Inquirer, <mask> joined Barron's magazine as a staff writer in 1986.In 1989, she was hired by The New York Times, where she earned the 1999 Gerald Loeb Award for Deadline and/or Beat Writing for as part of a team covering the near collapse of Long-Term Capital Management. In 2003, she was elected to the board of governors of the Society of American Business Editors and Writers  and served until 2016. In 2007, she was cited by the New York Financial Writers Association for "having made a significant long-term contribution to the advancement of financial journalism". At The New York Times, <mask> Fitzgerald, the Wall Street trading house that lost three-quarters of its work force in the collapse of the World Trade Center.Her work was included in the "A Nation Challenged" section for which The New York Times won a Pulitzer Prize in 2002. In 2005, <mask> was a Pulitzer finalist for a series of articles, beginning in July 2004, that exposed the financial exploitation of young soldiers by insurance and investment companies. The articles spurred state regulatory action, congressional hearings, legislative changes, cash refunds for thousands of service members and the adoption of more stringent Pentagon rules governing financial solicitations on and around military bases. For her work on those stories, <mask> was awarded the George Polk Award for Military Reporting, the Worth Bingham Prize and the Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting. <mask> had also worked on the business news team whose coverage of the post-Enron corporate scandals was cited as a Pulitzer finalist in 2003, and she was a member of the reporting team that was named a Pulitzer finalist for its coverage of the financial crisis of 2008. In 1981–1982, <mask> was a Senior Fellow at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, where she began researching her first book under a grant from the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation. The book, The Machinery of Greed: Public Authority Abuse and What to Do About It, was published by Lexington Books in 1986.<mask> also is the author of three other books: Fidelity’s World: The Secret Life and Public Power of the Mutual Fund Giant (Scribners, 1995); The White Sharks of Wall Street: Thomas Mellon Evans and the Original Corporate Raiders (Scribners, 2000); and The Wizard of Lies: <mask> and The Death of Trust (Times Books/Henry Holt, 2011). The Wizard of Lies grew out of her work as the lead reporter in newspaper's coverage of the scandal that erupted on December 11, 2008, with the arrest of <mask>. Madoff, the founder of a respected Wall Street brokerage firm who confessed in March 2009 to operating a multibillion-dollar Ponzi scheme. In February 2011, The Times published an exclusive interview with Madoff by <mask>, the first writer to visit him in prison. The interview got wide attention, but a few critics complained that The Times had given too much prominence to details about the book for which <mask> conducted the interview. Her editor publicly explained that it was a common practice at the paper to include the name and publisher of books in articles about their newsworthy contents. She is currently working on a book about the beginning of the SEC under FDR. <mask> is currently on the Board of Trustees of George Washington University, the Audit Committee of the Investigate Reporters and Editors (IRE), and the Advisory Board for the Journalism and Women Symposium (JAWS).The Wizard of Lies was adapted into a movie by HBO and released in May, 2017. The film stars Robert De Niro as <mask> and Michelle Pfeiffer as Ruth Madoff. <mask> appears as herself in scenes recreating her interviews with Madoff in prison. Her newest book is A First-Class Catastrophe: The Road to Black Monday, the Worst Day in Wall Street History, which was published in September, 2017. Personal life
<mask> and her husband Larry live in Hoboken, New Jersey. She is Episcopalian. Starting in September 1997, after a repetitive strain injury, <mask> became the first reporter at the New York Times and one of the first at any major daily newspaper to produce all her stories via speech recognition software rather than typing.After a decade, she continued to use the software for major writing projects, including her two books published after 1997. References

External links

1948 births
The New York Times writers
American financial writers
American women journalists
Writers from Hoboken, New Jersey
Living people
Elliott School of International Affairs alumni
Gerald Loeb Award winners for Deadline and Beat Reporting

masks:
Diana Blackmon Henriques
Henriques
Henriques
. Henriques Jr
Henriques
Henriquestor
Henriques
Henriques
Henriques
Henriques
Henriques
Bernie Madoff
Bernard L
Henriques
Henriques
Henriques
Bernie Madoff
Henriques
Henriques
Henriques


text_chunks:
<mask>, also known as: <mask>, Jan Rem, Klakson (born August 3, 1933 in Łódź) born <mask>, is a Polish journalist, commentator, writer and politician, editor-in-chief of the weekly Nie and owner of the company which owns it, Urma. Biography

Before 1989
<mask> was born in Jewish family in Łódź. His father was an activist of PPS and Bund. In 1939, during the issuing of his Soviet ID, an official confused the letters in his name (ch - х in Russian, was transcribed as н - corresponding to the Latin n). Nevertheless his parents decided not change it, a move which possibly saved their lives when Germany seized Lviv in 1941. <mask> reportedly attended 17 different primary and high schools. He completed his senior high school exams as an external student.He studied in two faculties of the University of Warsaw and was expelled from both. He started his journalistic career with the journal Nowa Wieś. During 1955-1957, he was a journalist - reporter and commentator - for the weekly Po prostu, which started during the rehabilitation of Władysław Gomułka, who became communist party leader. However, the newspaper was closed by the personal initiative of Gomułka, which symbolised the end of the thaw which started under Gomułka. The newspaper was closed mainly because of the biting, uncompromising opinion articles by <mask>. <mask> himself was officially banned from publishing under his own name. From 1961, he worked for the weekly Polityka, continuing his opinion pieces under pseudonyms.He was eventually totally forbidden from carrying out any journalistic activities. This ban continued until Gomułka lost power as party leader. Despite his critical attitude towards Edward Gierek's rule, he was an opponent of the Solidarity movement in 1980 and often criticized its leaders (including Lech Wałęsa). From 1981 to 1989, he was a spokesman for the Council of Ministers. He created the tradition of weekly press conferences, transmitted by the Polish television and attended by both Polish and foreign journalists. In September 1984, during the month before the murder of the priest <mask> Popiełuszko, he wrote a column  "Seanse nienawiści" (hate session); he criticized the priest as an anti-communist Savonarola. In 1986 <mask> masterminded a media story that the United States had betrayed the Solidarity movement.He met with a Washington Post reporter and told him that a Polish spy for the CIA, who was later identified as Ryszard Kukliński, was aware of the plan to install martial law in 1981 and had passed that information on to Washington. "The US administration could have publicly revealed these plans to the world and warned Solidarity," <mask> said, "Had it done so, the implementation of martial law would have been impossible." At press conference <mask> alleged that "Washington ... did not warn its allies. It did not boast of its agent as it customarily does." According to <mask>, the Reagan administration had "lied to its own people and to its friends in Poland," when it denied having prior knowledge of martial law. After 1989
During the semi-free elections in 1989, <mask> candidated as an independent (he was never a member of the PZPR). He suffered a landslide defeat and since then gave up attempts to actively participate in politics.In 1990 he established Nie, an anti-clerical tabloid-like newspaper, which often uses profanity. He has been the chief editor ever since and the newspaper itself has many readers. Court case for offence to John-Paul II
In 2002, <mask> was charged with offence against a head of the Vatican state, Pope John Paul II, due to the publication in Nie of the article "Obwoźne sado-maso" (House-to-house sado-masochism); the article was published prior to a pilgrimage to Poland by the pope. Among allegedly offensive terms used by <mask> were "sędziwy bożek" (old worship idol), "gasnący starzec" (fading old man) and "Breżniew Watykanu" (Brezhnev of the Vatican). The Youth Forum of the political party PiS and the Media Ethics Council took him to court. In court, Magdalena Bajer, the leader of the Media Ethics Council, testified as a witness that <mask> brutally mocked the suffering of a man who was a head of state. The court case was considered a precedent.<mask> pleaded not guilty. During the case he declared: Looking at the papal cult with the eye of an atheist is just as legal as the ecstasy of devotees. <mask> was defended by the International Press Institute in Vienna, expressing its concern that the court case against <mask> was a form of censorship, as well as by Reporters Without Borders, who stated: We are perfectly aware that criticising John Paul II is an absolute taboo in Poland, but this should not prevent the authorities from defending legal principles related to freedom of the press in Europe (especially Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, relating to freedom of speech). In turn, a specialist in church law, priest Prof. Florian Lempa stated that <mask>'s action did not satisfy the definition of the crime, since a head of state is only protected when he is present on Polish territory, and the article was published before the pope arrived in Poland. Moreover, <mask> had the right to his point of view, and satire is admissible. He added that the article was aimed at people who try to profit from the pope, rather than at him personally. The prosecutor asked for a sentence of 10 months' imprisonment suspended over three years and a fine of 20 thousand złoty (about 5000 euros).On January 5, 2005, the court convicted <mask> and fined him 20 thousand złoty. The court argued, <mask> <mask> intentionally caused a scandal by publishing an article about John Paul II at the moment when the pope came to Poland. According to the court, the publication was a deliberate, tactical move as well as a measured provocation by <mask>, since otherwise it would not have caused such a violent (popular) reaction and outrage. The court stressed that permitted criticism does not have to be pleasant, but it cannot be insulting. After the court verdict, <mask> stated that the sentence revealed the clericalisation of justice. He added that he doesn't expect much from going through the appeals process, but he will go to the European Court of Human Rights if necessary. <mask> married three times.He has one daughter. He describes himself as an atheist. References

External links
 Official page of the weekly Nie
 Criminal Defamation Laws in Poland Hamper Free Expression – IFEX

1933 births
21st-century memoirists
Democratic Left Alliance politicians
Holocaust survivors
Jewish atheists
Jewish Polish writers
Jewish socialists
Living people
Polish Jews
Polish atheists
Polish bloggers
Polish columnists
Polish YouTubers
Polish journalists
Polish memoirists
Polish secularists
Polish television personalities
Polish United Workers' Party members
Political spokespersons
Politicians from Łódź
Press secretaries
Writers from Łódź

masks:
Jerzy Urban
Jerzy Kibic
Jerzy Urbach
Urban
Jerzy Urban
Urban
Urban
Jerzy
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Jerzy
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban


text_chunks:
<mask>  (; born 3 June 1985) is a British-Pakistani actor, comedian and writer of Pakistani descent. He is best known for his web series Diary of a Bad Man (2010–2013) and Badman (2015–present). His homemade YouTube videos have been viewed more than 100 million times, which makes him one of the most popular online comedians in the UK. Early life
<mask> was born and brought up in Streatham, London, England. His parents were born in Pakistan. His father, <mask>, is from Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan, and his mother, <mask>, is from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. He has two siblings; a younger sister, Hanna, and a younger brother, Hasan.<mask> studied GNVQ in Performing Arts at Croydon College and BTEC National Diploma in Performing Arts at Kingston College. He then graduated from Richmond Drama School with a degree in Drama. He had a part-time job as an Asian wedding hall waiter. Career
In September 2010, <mask> created comedy web series Diary of a Bad Man, revolving around video diaries of a young man with the "mentality of a seven-year-old". In 2011, the fifth episode of Diary of a Bad Man was the seventh most viewed video on YouTube in the UK. In December 2010, <mask> was interviewed by Waqas Saeed on BBC Asian Network. In March and December 2011, he featured on BBC Asian Network's Noreen Khan Drive Time Show.In July 2011, <mask> performed on Meera Syal's Comedy Night on BBC Asian Network. In July 2011, he was interviewed by Bobby Friction on BBC Asian Network's Bobby Friction's late night show. In July and August 2011, he featured and reported for BBC London News. In November 2011, he featured on Nihal's phone-in show on BBC Asian Network. In July 2011, <mask> toured four UK cities in the Peace Youth and Community Trust's (PYCT) first Muslim Comedy Tour, alongside Jeff Mirza, Prince Abdi and Nabil Abdul Rashid. From November to December 2011, he toured eight UK cities, performing at nine venues, with his comedy show called The Badman Comedy Tour 2011, he was accompanied by his entourage; Asif Hussain, Jaspal Kerrah, Junaid Malik, Yogesh Kalia, and Fayaaz Kassam. The tour was sponsored by Azme Alishan, a Pakistan-based social movement.In May 2013, <mask> performed stand-up at the Shaw Theatre in London. On 9 and 10 July 2013, he was involved in a live shows of Smokey's Barbers at the Pavilion Theatre, Festival Square for the Manchester International Festival. In the same month, he was interviewed by Tommy Sandhu on BBC Asian Network. From 11 to 25 August 2013, he performed 15 stand-up shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In March 2015, <mask> appeared at the Muslim Youth Festival, a festival on how to divert young Britons away from extremism and looking at what it means to be a young British Muslim in the UK today. Published works
In 2018 Penguin Random House bought the children's novel series Little Badman, created by <mask> and comedy writer Henry White. The first in the series is titled Little Badman and the Invasion of the Killer Aunties and was published on World Book Day in March 2019.The second book, Little Badman and the Time-travelling Teacher of Doom, was published on 20 August 2020. The third book, ‘’Little Badman and the Radioactive Samosa,” was published for World Book Day in March 2021. The fourth book, “Little Badman and the Attack of the Punjabi Zombies”is set to arrive in July 2022.The books are illustrated by Aleksei Bitskoff. Little Badman follows the story of 11 year old rapper <mask> Khan who becomes suspicious when his school teachers begin to disappear and are replaced by evil aunties. Honours, awards and recognition
On 28 March 2011, <mask> was nominated in the categories for comedy and entertainment at the third annual Shorty Awards for social media at The Times Center, New York City. In 2012, he was nominated for in the category of YouTube star at the fourth annual Shorty Awards. <mask> was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to education.Personal life
In June and July 2011, arranged by the Metropolitan Police, <mask> visited schools with Jaspal Kerrah and Junaid Malik to give presentations to students, discussing topics and issues encountered by teenagers living in London. In October 2014, <mask> was recruited by East Midlands Police to help prevent the radicalisation of British Muslims by holding workshops at schools in the area. He made a 15-minute film "Think for Yourself" to show teenagers the dangers of exposure to extremist messages. In 2015, <mask> and the Metropolitan Police Service toured around 50 schools, doing shows for students holding anti-extremism discussions and workshops for 11 to 18-year-old students in order to help prevent vulnerable students becoming radicalised at schools and colleges across London. <mask> is working in partnership with Scotland Yard to aid in their campaign to counter violent Islamist extremism within high school students in London. Videography

See also
British Pakistanis
List of British Pakistanis

References

External links

Further reading

<mask> <mask> on Chortle
Friction, Bobby. When Humza <mask> AKA Diary Of A Badman met Bobby Friction!.BBC Asian Network. May 2011
Sarah, A ‘Bad Man’ With Good Looks… and serious religious messages. Pickled Politics. 23 July 2011
Shahid, Omar. An interview with Diary of A Badman Star, <mask> <mask>. Live Magazine. 22 November 2011
Yasin, Marya.YouTube sensation <mask> <mask> gets ready to take his 'Bad Man' show on the road. Mancunian Matters. 22 November 2011
What's going on Bladrins?! Big up to the West Yorkshire fans!. Awaaz News. 11 December 2011
<mask> <mask> Diary of a Badman Star In Talks of Making a Film. Young Londoners.4 March 2012
Diary of a Badman: Voice of the Youth or Insult to Islam? The Revival. 21 July 2012
Logan, Brian. Is Edinburgh comedy too left-wing?. The Guardian. 22 August 2013
Smith, Kirstyn. <mask> <mask> presents Diary of a Badman (3 stars).The List 22 August 2013
Trotter, Joseph. ED2013 Comedy Review: <mask> <mask> Presents Diary Of A Badman (Humza Arshad). ThreeWeeks. 25 August 2013

1985 births
Living people
English Muslims
English people of Pakistani descent
English male web series actors
English male stage actors
English male actors of South Asian descent
British film actors of Pakistani descent
21st-century English male actors
English male comedians
English stand-up comedians
English comedy writers
Muslim male comedians
British comedians of Pakistani descent
British Internet celebrities
English video bloggers
English YouTubers
Male actors from London
Comedians from London
People from Streatham
People from Northwood, London
People educated at Ernest Bevin College
Alumni of Croydon College
Alumni of Kingston College (England)
Alumni of Richmond Drama School
21st-century English comedians
Male bloggers
Male YouTubers
Members of the Order of the British Empire

masks:
Humza Mohammed Arshad
Arshad
Mohammad Arshad
Noreen Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Humza
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Arshad
Humza
Arshad
Arshad
Humza
Arshad
Humza
Arshad
Humza
Arshad
Humza
Arshad
Humza
Arshad


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1947) is a Polish-American sociologist and historian. He is the Norman B<mask>on '16 and '48 Professor of War and Society, emeritus, and Professor of History, emeritus, at Princeton University. <mask> is the author of several books on Polish history, particularly Polish-Jewish relations during World War II and the Holocaust, including Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland (2001); Fear: Anti-Semitism in Poland after Auschwitz (2006); and (with <mask>) Golden Harvest (2012). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Warsaw to Hanna Szumańska, a member of the Polish resistance (Armia Krajowa) in World War II, and <mask>, who was a Polish Socialist Party member before the war broke out. His mother was Christian and his father Jewish. His mother lost her first husband, who was Jewish, after he was denounced by a neighbor. She rescued several Jews during the Holocaust, including her future husband whom she married after the war.<mask> attended local schools and studied physics at the University of Warsaw. He became one of the young dissidents known as Komandosi, and was among the university students who participated in the "March events", the Polish student and intellectual protests of 1968. Like many Polish students, he was expelled from the university, and was arrested and jailed for five months. During the antisemitic campaign by the Polish communist government, <mask> emigrated from Poland to the United States in 1969. In 1975 he earned a PhD in sociology from Yale University for a thesis on the Polish underground state, which was published as Polish Society under German Occupation (1979). Career

Teaching
<mask> has taught at Yale, New York University, and in Paris. He became a naturalized US citizen.He has specialized in studies of Polish history and Polish-Jewish relations in Poland. He is the Norman B<mask>on '16 and '48 Professor of War and Society in the History Department at Princeton University. <mask> has held this seat since 2003. He is also Professor of History at Princteon, both positions emeritus. Research
Based on documentation on Polish citizens deported to Siberia, <mask> and his wife Irena Grudzińska-<mask> published In 1940, Mother, They Sent Us to Siberia. In the 80s <mask> wrote Revolution From Abroad: Soviet Conquest of Poland’s Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia mostly based on Hoover Archive material. His 2001 book about the Jedwabne massacre, Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland, caused controversy because it addressed the role of local Poles in the massacre.He wrote that the atrocity was committed by Poles and not by the German occupiers. <mask>'s book generated controversy and was the subject of vigorous debate in Poland and abroad. The political scientist Norman Finkelstein accused <mask> of exploiting the Holocaust. Norman Davies described Neighbors as "deeply unfair to Poles". A subsequent investigation conducted by the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) supported some of <mask>'s conclusions, but not his estimate of the number of people murdered. In addition, the IPN concluded there was more involvement by Nazi German security forces in the massacre. Polish journalist Anna Bikont began an investigation at the same time, ultimately publishing a book, My z Jedwabnego (2004), later published in French and English as The Crime and the Silence: Confronting the Massacre of Jews in Wartime Poland (French, 2011; and English, 2015).<mask>'s book, Fear: Anti-Semitism in Poland after Auschwitz, which deals with anti-semitism and anti-Jewish violence in post-war Poland, was published in the United States in 2006, where it was praised by reviewers. When published in Polish in Poland in 2008, it received mixed reviews and revived a nationwide debate about anti-Semitism in Poland during and after World War II." Marek Edelman, one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, said in an interview with the daily newspaper, Gazeta Wyborcza, "Postwar violence against Jews in Poland was mostly not about anti-Semitism; murdering Jews was pure banditry." <mask>'s latest book, Golden Harvest (2011), co-written with his wife, Irena Grudzińska-<mask>, is about Poles enriching themselves at the expense of Jews murdered in the Holocaust. Critics in Poland have alleged that <mask> dwelt too much on wartime pathologies, drawing "unfair generalizations". The Chief Rabbi of Poland, Michael Schudrich, commented: "<mask> writes in a way to provoke, not to educate, and Poles don't react well to it. Because of the style, too many people reject what he has to say."Honors
On 6 September 1996, <mask> and his wife Irena Grudzińska-<mask> were awarded the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland by President Aleksander Kwaśniewski, for "outstanding achievement in scholarship". As Professor at the Department of Politics, New York University, <mask> was a beneficiary of the Fulbright Program, for research on "Social and Political History of the Polish Jewry 1944-49" at the Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, Poland (January 2001- April 2001). In 1982 <mask><mask> was awarded a fellowship in the field of sociology by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial. Also in 1982, as an assistant professor of sociology at Yale University, he was among thirty-three Rockefeller Humanities Fellowship competition entrants awarded, his project entitled "Soviet Rule in Poland, 1939-1941." Controversies
In an essay published in 2015 in the German newspaper Die Welt, <mask> wrote that during World War II, "Poles killed more Jews than Germans". In 2016, <mask> said that "Poles killed a maximum 30,000 Germans and between 100,000 and 200,000 Jews." According to historian Jacek Leociak, "the claim that Poles killed more Jews than Germans could be really right – and this is shocking news for the traditional thinking about Polish heroism during the war."Polish Foreign Ministry spokesman Marcin Wojciechowski dismissed <mask>'s statement as "historically untrue, harmful and insulting to Poland." On 15 October 2015, Polish prosecutors opened a libel inquiry against <mask>; they acted under a paragraph of the criminal code that "provides that any person who publicly insults the Polish nation is punishable by up to three years in prison". Polish prosecutors had previously examined <mask>'s books Fear (2008) and Golden Harvest (2011), but closed those cases after finding no evidence of a crime. In 2016, the Simon Wiesenthal Center said the decision to continue the investigation bore "all the hallmarks of a political witch-hunt," and a "form of alienating minorities and people who were victimized". The investigation was closed in November 2019. Prosecutors stated that "there is no conclusive data on the numbers of Germans and Jews killed as a result of actions committed by Poles during the Second World War. The establishment of such numbers is still the subject of research by historians and the subject of dispute between them."One of the experts consulted was Piotr Gontarczyk, who said there is no conclusive evidence that Poles killed more Jews than Germans during the war, but such a view is impossible to show as untrue. According to Gontarczyk, such statements, while controversial, are within the limits of academic discourse. On 14 January 2016, because of what he described as "an attempt to destroy Poland's good name", Polish President Andrzej Duda requested a re-evaluation of the award to <mask> of the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland. The request was met with local and international protests. <mask> responded that "PiS [the Law and Justice party] is obsessed with stimulating a patriotic sense of duty. And given that most Poles do not know their own history very well, and think that Poles suffered as much as Jews during the war, the new regime is playing into a language of Catholic martyrology." <mask>, an American historian noted for his work on European genocides, said that if the order were taken from <mask>, he would renounce his own.Selected works
Books

Other
 "Lato 1941 w Jedwabnem. Przyczynek do badan nad udzialem spolecznosci lokalnych w eksterminacji narodu zydowskiego w latach II wojny swiatowej," in Non-provincial Europe, Krzysztof Jasiewicz ed., Warszawa - London: Rytm, ISP PAN, 1999, pp. 1097–1103

See also
 Anti-Jewish violence in Poland, 1944–1946
 Lucy Dawidowicz
 History of Jews in Poland
 Kielce pogrom
 Research Materials: Max Planck Society Archive
 Raul Hilberg

References

Notes

Footnotes

Further reading
 John Connelly, "Poles and Jews in the Second World War: the Revisions of <mask>. <mask>", Contemporary European History. Cambridge: November 2002. Vol. 11, Issue 4. External links
 Profile at History Department, Princeton University

1947 births
Living people
Polish historians
Polish male non-fiction writers
American historians
University of Warsaw alumni
Scholars of antisemitism
Polish emigrants to the United States
Writers from Warsaw
Controversies in Poland
American sociologists
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
Polish people of Jewish descent

masks:
Jan Tomasz Gross
. Tomlins
Gross
Irena Grudzinska Gross
Gross
Zygmunt Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
. Tomlins
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Jan T
. Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross
Timothy Snyder
Gross
Jan T
Gross