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<mask>  (born 30 July 1970) is a Welsh Conservative Party politician who served as Secretary of State for Wales from 2016 to 2019. He has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Vale of Glamorgan since 2010. He was previously a member of the National Assembly for Wales for the South Wales West region from the 1999 to 2011. Elected to the British House of Commons at the 2010 general election, he resigned as Secretary of State for Wales on 6 November 2019, after claims he had known about a former aide's role in the 'sabotage' of a rape trial. <mask> said that he did not know the details of the case and in December 2019 he was cleared of breaking the ministerial code. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 30 July 1970 in Swansea, Wales to Hewitt and <mask>. He grew up in the village of Clydach.He attended Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Pontardawe and Ysgol Gyfun Ddwyieithog Ystalyfera. His father was a welder at Port Talbot Steelworks, and his mother was a shopkeeper. He completed an MBA at University of Wales, Newport (now University of South Wales). <mask> worked as a petrol pump attendant before working for Lloyds Bank in 1989. He became a business development manager in 1992, and then field manager for the bank in 1998. Political career
<mask> stood as the Conservative Party candidate for Gower at the 1997 general election. He came second in the constituency which had been represented by the Labour Party since 1910.National Assembly for Wales
First elected to the assembly as AM for South Wales West in 1999, he was re-elected in 2003 and 2007 and served as the party's spokesman on economic development and transport for eight years. In the Third Assembly, he held the education and lifelong learning portfolio and also chaired the Assembly's Finance Committee. On 11 July 2007, he became the Shadow Minister for Education, Lifelong Learning and Skills in the National Assembly for Wales. As a member of the assembly's economic development and audit committees, he criticised the Welsh Government over a range of issues from transport infrastructure, European regional aid, public spending, and the Welsh economy. <mask> has also been a vocal opponent of the Scarweather Sands offshore wind farm development near Porthcawl. In September 2008, <mask> said that he asked for a National Assembly rule to be "clarified" to determine whether he could claim expenses for a second home in Cardiff. A rule change introduced in late 2006 by the Assembly's House Committee allowed him to claim expenses related to a flat in Cardiff even though his main home was reclassified as being situated in the Vale of Glamorgan.While taking part in BBC Radio Cymru's weekly radio show, Dau o'r Bae, on 13 June 2008, <mask> was asked to apologise on air for referring to Italians as "greasy wops", and immediately did so. He subsequently resigned from his post in the Shadow Cabinet on the following day. He was re-appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Minister for Local Government on 22 October 2008 after completion of a party investigation. House of Commons
Whilst serving as an Assembly Member, <mask>, along with then fellow Conservative AM Rod Richards, contested the Conservative selection of Clwyd West ahead of the May 2001 general election, both were unsuccessful. <mask> was the Conservative Party's candidate for the Vale of Glamorgan at the 2005 general election, and was re-selected as Parliamentary candidate for the seat in July 2007. <mask> was suspended as the parliamentary candidate while the party carried out an investigation over his radio comments; he was reinstated as the parliamentary candidate on 22 October 2008. <mask> was elected as the MP for the Vale of Glamorgan at the May 2010 general election, gaining the seat from Labour with a majority of 4,307.<mask> is a member of the 'Curry Club' group of Conservatives, a dining society set up in 2010 composed of Conservative MPs that were seen as independently minded though not hostile to the then Prime Minister David Cameron. In 2011 <mask> became co-chairman of the newly formed All-Party Parliamentary Group on the Arch Cru Investment Scheme, intended to investigate the facts surrounding Arch Cru investment funds scandal and achieve justice for the victims. He was re-elected in 2015 with an increased majority of 6,880. In January 2016, the Labour Party unsuccessfully proposed an amendment in Parliament that would have required private landlords to make their homes "fit for human habitation". According to Parliament's register of interests, <mask> was one of 72 Conservative MPs who voted against the amendment who personally derived an income from renting out property. The Conservative Government responded to the amendment by stating that they believed homes should be fit for human habitation but did not want to pass the new law that would explicitly require it. Secretary of State for Wales
On becoming Secretary of State for Wales on 19 March 2016, <mask> replaced Stephen Crabb who became Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, and was appointed to the Privy Council on 22 March.<mask> supported a Remain vote in the 2016 EU membership referendum. He was once more re-elected to his Vale of Glamorgan seat in the 2017 general election, and increased his vote share for the third consecutive occasion. After re-election, in July 2017, <mask> announced that tolls on the Severn bridges from England into Wales would be abolished by the end of the following year, a move which he said could boost the south Wales economy by about £100m a year. In February 2018, during a meeting of the Welsh Grand Committee, <mask> became one of the first MPs ever to speak the Welsh language in a Westminster parliamentary debate. He commented: "I am proud to be using the language I grew up speaking, which is not only important to me, my family and the communities Welsh MPs represent, but is also an integral part of Welsh history and culture." <mask> was criticised by some Labour and Plaid Cymru politicians in April 2018 when he announced the Severn Bridge between Wales and England was to be renamed 'Prince of Wales Bridge' to mark the 60th anniversary of Prince Charles becoming the Prince of Wales. <mask> defended the decision by responding that a "silent majority" supported the name change, but a poll conducted by YouGov shortly after revealed 34% of respondents to be against the name change and only 17% in favour, while 47% had no strong feelings either way.<mask> has said he supports the proposed Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon renewable energy power plant, although he has expressed reservations in regard to the financial viability of the project, stating in 2017 that "none of us would want it to happen if it’s not good value for money for the taxpayer." <mask> came under criticism in 2018 when reports emerged the government was considering abandoning the project, Plaid Cymru politician Jonathan Edwards referring to <mask> as the "grim reaper of Welsh politics – the bearer of bad news" after <mask> highlighted concerns over the cost of the tidal lagoon relative to nuclear power stations. In June 2018, the UK government announced that the plans for the Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon would be scrapped. This led to Plaid Cymru tabling a motion of no confidence in <mask> at the National Assembly for Wales, a vote that if passed would not have forced <mask> to resign as Welsh Secretary but rather would serve as symbolic disapproval. The motion was defeated, with 9 in favour to 40 against, on 27 June. In Parliament, <mask> has previously served on the Public Administration Committee and Welsh Affairs Committee. In July 2019, he apologised for voting against same-sex marriage in 2013, stating: "I regret the decision to vote against it and see the positive difference it has made to the lives of many".He resigned from the government  on 6 November 2019, after evidence emerged that he had known about his former aide Ross England's role in the "sabotaging" of a rape trial, whom he later endorsed as a candidate for the Senedd. A Cabinet Office inquiry found that there was no evidence of his having breached the ministerial code; the rape victim, who had worked for Cairns alongside England, later claimed that the inquiry was "a sham". Views
Cairns believes the best route out of poverty is through employment. At a live BBC event in 2017, he said "Getting a job is absolutely the best way out of poverty", but that increasing the personal allowance for tax and raising the National Living Wage were also important. He has spoken in favour of fox hunting, stating it is a part of "countryside conservation". Cairns has claimed society is only on "step one" of gender equality, and further progress has to be made. He believes all of society stands to gain from gender equality because the UK economy depends on "harnessing the talent of women, capitalising on the wealth of skill they bring to our workplaces".BBC
As a member of the Downing Street Policy Board in 2013, <mask> asserted that it is the duty of the BBC to educate children about online dangers such as grooming and adult content, and implied it could be done through television shows such as EastEnders which he pointed out had educated the public in the past on issues like HIV, he said "the BBC's mission statement and stated public purposes fit perfectly for it to become the trusted source of advice on how to protect children online." In relation to the television licence fee, <mask> described it as "probably the UK’s most regressive tax", and stressed this meant transparency was vital. Despite this, <mask> considers himself a "critical friend" of the BBC. European Union
<mask> supported remaining in the European Union in the 2016 UK European Union membership referendum. In the campaign period leading up to the referendum, in a government pamphlet sent to all homes across Wales, he stated: "One thing I think we can all agree on is that Europe needs reform. The Prime Minister has fought hard to get a deal which gives the UK the protections it needs." He further stated that the UK had achieved "a special status" within Europe and how the deal negotiated would allow Britain to avoid "the Euro, open borders or the prospect of ever-closer union."After the UK voted to leave the European Union, <mask> came out in support of Brexit. In June 2017 he rejected the idea of the UK remaining in the EU single market in a 'soft' Brexit. In March 2018 he said he was "delighted" economic predictions about Brexit had been "proven wrong", adding: "I think people should be excited about the new opportunities as we leave the European Union." In November 2018 he endorsed Prime Minister Theresa May's negotiated agreement with the European Union on the United Kingdom's exit terms, though he said: "I don't like every element of this document because we've compromised". Welsh government
<mask> is a proponent of government decentralisation for Wales. He has noted specifically the example of English devolution and how it has created a "new dynamic" in England, one which he would like Wales "to be able to respond to" by "empowering the regions, north Wales, west Wales" as part of its own "new dynamic." Cairns envisions Wales as part of a potential "Western powerhouse", similar to the idea of the Northern Powerhouse in England, and in early 2018 set up the Severn Growth Summit to explore opportunities for boosting Welsh economic growth.Personal life
<mask> lives in London and his Vale of Glamorgan constituency with his wife Emma and son. He is an avid marathon runner, and as of 2018 has completed seven runs of the London Marathon. His London Marathon personal best time of 3:28:02 makes him the seventh fastest running MP of all time. References

External links
<mask> <mask> MP official website
<mask> <mask> MP  Conservative Party profile
<mask> <mask> MP Welsh Conservative Party profile

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1970 births
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies
Conservative Party members of the Senedd
Living people
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People educated at Ysgol Gyfun Ystalyfera
Politics of the Vale of Glamorgan
Secretaries of State for Wales
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
Wales AMs 1999–2003
Wales AMs 2003–2007
Wales AMs 2007–2011
Welsh bloggers
Welsh-speaking politicians

masks:
Alun Hugh Cairns
Cairns
Cairns
Margaret Cairns
Cairns
Cairns
Cairns
Cairns
Cairns
Cairns
Cairns
Cairns
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Cairns
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Alun
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Alun
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<mask> (Brooklyn, June 12, 1920 – May 17, 2002) was an American cartoonist, most noted for his five decades of work in Mad of which The Lighter Side of... was the most famous. Early life

<mask> showed early artistic talents, attending Pratt Institute when he was 12 years old, and later studying at Cooper Union. He served a period of time in the Army Air Forces. In 1940, he joined Will Eisner's studio, where he wrote and drew for the Quality Comics line. <mask>'s work also appeared in Dell Comics and Fawcett Publications, typically on humorous back-up features. Beginning in the mid-1940s, he worked for several years with Stan Lee on comic books at Timely Comics (now known as Marvel Comics), ranging from Combat Kelly and The Ringo Kid to Tessie the Typist. He also freelanced for a half-dozen other companies, including EC Comics.<mask> retains notoriety as a contributing “good girl artist” during the 50s and 60s for such publications as editor Abe Goodman's Humorama, rendering attractive women using pinup stylings generally in the form of one-panel humorous gags. <mask>’s body of contributions during this period rank him alongside recognized contemporaries such as Bill Ward and Bill Wenzel. Beginning in 1983, he worked for a Jewish children's magazine, The Moshiach Times. <mask> began at Mad in 1957. For four years, he provided satirical looks at areas such as boating, babysitting, and baseball. In 1961, he started the magazine's "Lighter Side" feature, his most famous creation. <mask> would take an omnibus topic (such as "Noise," "Spectators" or "Dog Owners") and deliver approximately 15 short multi-panel cartoons on the subject.Beginning in #218 (October 1980), he abandoned the thematic approach, and thereafter covered multiple topics in each article. <mask> often included caricatures of his own family—headed by his cranky hypochondriac alter ego, Roger Kaputnik—as well as of the Mad editorial staff. Occasionally he drew fellow artists, including Don Martin in #110 (April 1967) and Al Jaffee in #119 (June 1968). His artistic style made <mask> one of the more realistic Mad artists, although his characters managed to sport garish early-1970s wardrobes well into the 1990s. The art chores for a 1993 article, "The First Day of School 30 Years Ago and Today", were split between <mask> and Rick Tulka, since <mask>'s old-fashioned appeal made him an ideal choice to depict the gentle nostalgia of 1963. The artist's lightweight gags and sometimes moralistic tone were roughly satirized by the National Lampoons 1971 Mad parody, which included a hard-hatted conservative and a longhaired hippie finding their only common ground by choking and beating <mask>. However, "The Lighter Side" had a long run as the magazine's most popular feature.Mad editor Nick Meglin often sketched layouts of "Lighter Side" panels. Sixteen original collections by <mask> were published as paperbacks between 1964 and 1987. <mask> held an honorary doctorate in theology. He produced regular religious-themed work for Moshiach Times and the B'nai Brith newsletter. His interaction with Mad'''s atheist publisher Bill Gaines was suitably irreverent: <mask> would tell Gaines, "God bless you," and Gaines would reply, "Go to Hell." Fellow Mad contributor Al Jaffee described <mask>'s unique personality in 2009: "<mask> had a messianic complex of some sort. He was battling ... he had good and evil inside of him, clashing all the time.It was sad, in a sense, because he wanted to be taken very seriously, and you know, the staffers at Mad just didn't take anything seriously. Most of all, ourselves ... It came out in a lot of the things he did. He had a very moralistic personality ... He wrote a book called My Friend God. And of course, if you write a book like that, you just know that the Mad staff is going to make fun of you. We would ask him questions like, "<mask>, when did you and God become such good friends?Did you go to college together, or what?" In this faith connection, <mask> was additionally hired to contribute content to The Magazine For Jewish Children, The Moshiach Times, by Rabbi Dr. Dovid Sholom Pape. According to Pape: "He was a wonderful writer and humorist, and he had a great Jewish heart. I asked him to prepare a series of cartoons that would, in a humorous way, illustrate basic ideas in Torah. To do this, he invented a fat character called Schlemiel who would always misunderstand things, and then there would be a couple of boys who would correct him." In 2002, <mask> told an interviewer, "There was a psychiatrist who filed my Lighter Sides in categories. When a patient would tell him their troubles, he would pull out one of my sequences and say, 'See, it happens to everyone.'"His characters occasionally made their way into other artists' works, such as Kaputnik finding himself a patient in a Mort Drucker spoof of St. Elsewhere, tagged "with apologies to <mask>". <mask> contributed to Mad for 46 years until his death, appearing in 368 issues. His last set of "Lighter Side" strips, which had been written but not penciled, were illustrated after <mask>'s death by 18 of Mads other artists as a final tribute; this affectionate send-off included the magazine's final new contributions from Jack Davis and George Woodbridge. In recent years, <mask>'s Lighter Side strips have been rewritten for Mad with inappropriately "un-Berg-like" humor by longtime Mad writer Dick DeBartolo and others; this irregular feature is called "The Darker Side of the Lighter Side." <mask>'s other work included the comic strips Citizen Senior (1989–93), Roger Kaputnik (1992) and Astronuts (1994). Death
After a long battle with cancer, he died in his home in Marina del Rey, California, shortly after midnight on May 17, 2002.<mask> was survived by his wife of 52 years, Vivian, and their two children, Mitch and Nancy. <mask> paperbacks

A hardcover reprint collection of <mask>'s work, Mad's Greatest Artists: <mask>: Five Decades of the Lighter Side of...'' was published in 2013. References

External links
 <mask> from Toons Mag
 Complete list of <mask>'s articles for Mad
 How Mad's <mask> and Roger Kaputnik Introduced Me to Post-Modernity by Terre Thaemlitz
 Lambiek: <mask>
The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum Art Database

1920 births
2002 deaths
American comics artists
Jewish American artists
American satirists
Deaths from cancer in California
Cooper Union alumni
People from Brooklyn
Mad (magazine) cartoonists
United States Army Air Forces soldiers
People from Marina del Rey, California
EC Comics
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II

masks:
Dave Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Mad Berg
Berg
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Berg
Berg
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Berg
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Dave
Dave
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Dave Berg
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<mask> (September 20, 1890 – August 19, 1963) was a violinist known for her outstanding technique, which earned her the nickname "The lady of the golden bow". Although she left Canada at the age of four and did not permanently return until  1940, Parlow was sometimes billed as "The Canadian Violinist". Childhood

Parlow's mother, Minnie, took her to live in San Francisco when <mask> was four years old. <mask> bought her daughter a half-sized violin in San Francisco, and Parlow began receiving lessons from a cousin of hers who was a professional violin teacher, Conrad Coward. Her progress was very rapid with the instrument, and she soon began to receive lessons from a violin professor, Henry Holmes. To become a top professional violinist and to begin a concert career, Parlow followed the normal route for North Americans and moved to Europe. Parlow and her mother arrived in London on January 1, 1905.Upon attending a concert by Mischa Elman, the Parlows decided to seek out Elman's teacher, Leopold Auer. Minnie and <mask> had arrived in London with $300 raised by their church in San Francisco, which was not sufficient to get them to St. Petersburg, where Auer was a professor. To pay the cost of travel, the Parlows obtained a loan from Lord Strathcona, the Canadian High Commissioner. The pair travelled to Russia, and in October 1906, <mask> became the first foreigner to attend the St. Petersburg Conservatory. In her class of forty-five students, Parlow was the only female. Concert career
At 17, having spent a year at the conservatory, Parlow began to put on public performances. She gave solo performances in both St. Petersburg and Helsinki.Parlow and her mother had little money, and could not otherwise support themselves. Soon after, <mask> made her professional debut in Berlin, and then began a tour of Germany, the Netherlands and Norway. In Norway she performed for King Haakon and Queen Maud, of whom she would become a favourite. There she also met Einar Bjørnson, a wealthy Norwegian (son of Nobel laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson) who would become her friend and patron. Bjørnson purchased for Parlow a Guarnerius del Gesù violin, made in 1735. The violin cost £2000 and had previously been owned by Viotti. Parlow travelled Europe with her mother performing for five years.Auer remained a strong influence on <mask>, who referred to him as "Papa Auer". Her mother and Auer arranged concerts and opportunities for <mask>, including concerts with famed conductors such as Thomas Beecham and Bruno Walter. In November 1910, Parlow returned to North America for a tour. Parlow performed in New York, Philadelphia, Montreal, Quebec, Ottawa and Kingston. Her first performance with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra was on March 16, 1911. Returning to her birthplace of western Canada, Parlow gave performances in Calgary, Regina, Moose Jaw, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Vancouver and Victoria. Her performances were lauded by provincial premiers, and both mother and daughter Parlow were pleased by her positive reception in western Canada.Parlow returned to England with her mother in 1911 for further concerts. Her mother would remain her constant travelling companion, well into adulthood. She performed in the Ostend Festival, preparing again with Auer. Parlow maintained a heavy touring schedule, crossing and recrossing the Atlantic to tour both Europe and North America. She participated in a benefit concert for survivors of the Titanic, and made her first recording at the request of Thomas Edison. She signed with Columbia Records to produce recordings. Until 1912, Parlow had performed primarily as a solo artist, but after meeting Ernesto Consolo, an Italian pianist, she began to perform chamber music.The Parlows were in England when World War I broke out. During the war, Parlow toured neutral nations of Europe such as the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. She returned to North America for a tour in the spring of 1916. She returned to England, but the increasing difficulty of travel kept her there until 1919. Her former teacher emigrated to New York around this time because of the political situation in Russia, but Parlow worked with him less and less. Parlow began her fifth tour of North American in December 1920, and she gave her first radio performance in Seattle in April 1922. After this, Parlow went on a 22-month tour that included Hawaii, Indonesia, China, Singapore, Korea and Japan.She made recordings for the Nipponophone Company while in Japan. Parlow continued touring, returning to Europe, but in 1926 she took a break. Motivated by the stress of traveling or perhaps a broken relationship, she stopped performing for a year. To renew her career, she traveled to Mexico for concerts. There she was praised by critics, but her financial situation remained poor. Her tour of Mexico in 1929 was her first without her mother. Later years
With her concert career not particularly profitable, Parlow looked for other career options.In 1929, she was appointed to the faculty of Mills College in Oakland, California. She received an honorary Master of Arts degree from Mills College in 1933. While at Mills College she began to play in string quartets, in which she played violin, and in 1935 she formed the South Mountain Parlow Quartet. In 1936, Parlow accepted a position at the Juilliard School of Music. She remained there until World War II, when she returned to Canada and gave a series of lecture-recitals at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. She wrote to Sir Ernest MacMillan about a permanent position with the Royal Conservatory of Music, and obtained one in 1941. While there, she was a teacher for the singer Gisèle LaFleche, violinist Ivan Romanoff, and the conductor Victor Feldbrill.She became a regular performer with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra as well, bringing additional income. In Toronto, she organised the Canadian Trio, which she performed in with Zara Nelsova playing the cello, and Sir Ernest MacMillan playing piano. The trio debuted with a performance of Schubert's Trio in B-flat Major, and Haydn's Trio in A Major and Tchaikovsky's Trio in A minor. They received excellent reviews and the trio continued performing across southern Ontario, as well as on radio, until 1944. The Canadian Trio was earning as much as $750 per performance. Inspired by this success, Parlow started her third string quartet in 1942, called the Parlow String Quartet. The quartet also included Isaac Mamott on cello, Samuel Hersenhoren as second violin and violist John Dembeck.<mask> did all the administrative work for the quartet. The quartet gave concerts in Canada, both live and on radio, but did not travel to any other countries. Their first performance was broadcast on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 1943, and they remained together for 15 years. During this time, <mask> remained the head of the quartet, but the other performers were occasionally replaced. As <mask>'s career began to decline, her financial situation became progressively worse, and Godfrey Ridout and other friends of hers established a fund to support her. In October 1959, she was appointed head of the College of Music of the University of Western Ontario, which provided much needed income. She died on August 19, 1963, and her will set up the <mask> Scholarship for stringed instrument players at the University of Toronto, with the money from her estate and $40,000 from the sale of her violin.A biography written by her cousin, Maida <mask> French, appeared in 1967. Students of Parlow
 Andrew Benac
 Charles Dobias
 Marilyn Doty
 Marjorie Edwards
 Victor Feldbrill
 Sydney Humphreys
 Gerhard Kander
 Morry Kernerman
 Emanuel Leplin
  Jack Montague
 Joseph Pach
 Rowland Pack
 Marianne Moreland Pashler
 James Pataki
 Clara Schranz
 Miriam Solovieff
 Erica Zentner

References

External links

  (audio)

 Archival papers at University of Toronto Music Library
 Digital collection at University of Toronto Music Library

Canadian classical violinists
Juilliard School faculty
University of Western Ontario faculty
Canadian emigrants to the United States
1890 births
1963 deaths
20th-century classical violinists
Women classical violinists
Columbia Records artists
20th-century Canadian women musicians
Women music educators
20th-century Canadian violinists and fiddlers
Canadian women violinists and fiddlers

masks:
Kathleen Parlow
Kathleen
Minnie Parlow
Kathleen Parlow
Kathleen Parlow
Kathleen Parlow
Parlow
Kathleen
Parlow
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<mask> (20 May 1904 – 30 June 1966) was an English novelist from the "Golden Age of Detective Fiction", best remembered for her hero, the gentleman sleuth Albert Campion. Initially believed to be a parody of Dorothy L. Sayers's detective Lord Peter Wimsey, Campion matured into a strongly individual character, part-detective, part-adventurer, who formed the basis for 18 novels and many short stories. Life and career

Childhood and schooling
<mask> was born on 20 May 1904 in Ealing, London, the eldest daughter of Herbert John (1868-1936) and <mask>, née Emily Jane Hughes (1879-1960). She had a younger brother Philip William, and a younger sister <mask>. Her family was immersed in literature; her parents were both writers. Her father was editor of the Christian Globe and The New London Journal, to which Margery later contributed articles and Sexton Blake stories, and he had become a successful pulp fiction writer, and her mother, as <mask>, was a contributor of stories to women's magazines. Soon after Margery's birth the family left London for Essex, where they lived in an old house in Layer Breton, a village near Colchester.She attended a local school and then the Perse School for Girls in Cambridge, all the while writing stories and plays. She earned her first fee at the age of eight, for a story printed in her aunt's magazine. Upon returning to London in 1920 she studied drama and speech training at Regent Street Polytechnic, which helped her manage a stammer which she had  since childhood. At this time she first met her future husband, Philip Youngman Carter, whom she married in 1927. He collaborated with her and designed the jackets for many of her books. They lived on the edge of the Essex Marshes in Tolleshunt D'Arcy, near Maldon. Early writings
While she was enrolled at the Regent Street Polytechnic she wrote a verse play, Dido and Aeneas, which was performed at St. George's Hall, London, and the Cripplegate Theatre, London.<mask> played the role of Dido and the scenery was designed by Philip Youngman Carter. Her first novel, Blackkerchief Dick, was published in 1923, when she was 19. It was allegedly based on a story she had heard during a séance, though later in life this was debunked by her husband. Nevertheless, <mask> continued to include occult themes in many of her novels. Blackkerchief Dick was well received, but was not a financial success. She wrote several plays in this period and attempted to write a serious novel, but finding that her themes clashed with her natural light-heartedness, she decided instead to try the mystery genre. Campion and success
Her breakthrough occurred in 1929 with the publication of The Crime at Black Dudley.This introduced Albert Campion, initially as a minor character, thought to be a parody of Dorothy Sayers’s Lord Peter Wimsey. Campion returned in Mystery Mile, thanks in part to pressure from her American publishers, who had been taken with the character. With a strong central character and a format to work in, she began to produce a series of Campion novels. At first she also continued writing short stories and articles for magazines such as The Strand Magazine, but as her Campion saga went on her sales grew steadily. Campion proved so successful that <mask> made him the centrepiece of another 17 novels and more than 20 short stories, continuing into the 1960s. Campion is a mysterious upper-class character (early novels hint that his family is in the line of succession to the throne), working under an assumed name. He floats between the upper echelons of the nobility and government on the one hand, and the shady world of the criminal class on the other, often accompanied by his scurrilous ex-burglar servant Magersfontein Lugg.During the course of his career Campion is sometimes a detective, sometimes an adventurer. The first three Campion novels, The Crime at Black Dudley, Mystery Mile and Look to the Lady, were all written by what <mask> referred to as the "plum pudding" method, focused less on methods of murder or the formal strictures of the whodunit and more on mixing possibilities together. As the series progresses, however, Campion comes to work more closely with the police and MI6 counter-intelligence. He also falls in love, gets married and has a child, and as time goes by he grows in wisdom and matures emotionally. The style and format of the books moved on: while the early novels are light-hearted whodunnits or "fantastical" adventures, The Tiger in the Smoke (1952) is more a character study than a crime novel, focusing on the serial killer Jack Havoc. In many of the later books Campion plays a subsidiary role, no more prominent than the roles of his wife Amanda and his police associates, and in the last novel he is a minor character. In 1941 <mask> published a non-fiction work, The Oaken Heart, which describes her experiences in Essex when an invasion from Germany was expected and actively being planned for, potentially placing the civilian population of Essex in the front line.Death
<mask> suffered from breast cancer and died at Severalls Hospital, Colchester, England, on 30 June 1966, aged 62. Her final Campion novel, Cargo of Eagles, was completed by her husband at her request, and was published in 1968. Compilations of her work, both with and without Albert Campion, continued to be released through the 1970s. The Margery Allingham Omnibus, comprising Sweet Danger, The Case of the Late Pig and The Tiger in the Smoke, with a critical introduction by Jane Stevenson, was published in 2006. <mask> was buried in the newer cemetery in Tolleshunt D'Arcy, which is across the road from the graveyard of St Nicholas's Church and about half a mile to the south. Legacy
A film version of Tiger in the Smoke was made in 1956 and a highly popular series of Campion adaptations, now available on DVD, was shown by the BBC in 1989–90. It is titled simply Campion and stars Peter Davison as Campion and Brian Glover as Lugg.Several books have been written about <mask> and her work, including:
 <mask> <mask>: 100 Years of a Great Mystery Writer edited by Marianne van Hoeven (2003)
 Margery <mask>: A Biography by Julia Thorogood (1991); revised as The Adventures of <mask> <mask> as by Julia Jones (2009). Ink in Her Blood: The Life and Crime Fiction of <mask> <mask> by Richard Martin (1988)
 Campion's Career: A Study of the Novels of <mask> <mask> by B.A. Pike (1987)

Bibliography

Albert Campion Novel Series

Short stories and novellas
Formula for Murder. This Week, 5 May 1935
The Great London Jewel Robbery. This Week, 27 February 1955
A Matter of Form
A Proper Mystery
Bird Thou Never Wert
Borderline Case
Evidence in Camera
Frenchmen Wear Gloves
Bluebeard's Bathtub. This Week, 23 September 1956
It Didn't Work Out
It Needed Someone Innocent. Published as Wanted, Someone Innocent
Miss Amber
Publicity
Jubilee for Two
Safe as Houses
The Case is Altered
The Case of the White Elephant.Also published as The White Elephant
The Correspondents
The Danger Point
The Definite Article
The Dog Day
The Friend
The Hat Trick
The Lieabout
The Longer View
The Man with the Sack
The Meaning of the Act
The Mistress of the House
The Name on the Wrapper
The Old Man in the Window
The Perfect Butler
The Pioneers
The Pro and the Con
The Question Mark
The Wind Glass
They Never Get Caught
Tis Not Hereafter
You've Got to Have Brains

Non-fiction
Is Golf a Menace to Marriage? The Public Spirit of Francis Smith

Radio plays
A Corner in Crime
Room to Let (1947) (filmed in 1950)

Stage plays
Water in a Sieve

Other works by <mask> <mask>
 Blackkerchief Dick (1923)
 The White Cottage Mystery (1928)
 The Darings of the Red Rose (1930) Published anonymously in the Weekly Welcome magazine
 Black Plumes (1940)
 The Oaken Heart (1941: autobiographical)
 Dance of the Years (1943: also known as The Galantrys)
 Wanted: Someone Innocent (1946: novella and short stories)
Wanted: Someone Innocent
He Was Asking After You
The Sexton's Wife
'Tis Not Hereafter
 Deadly Duo (1949: UK title Take Two at Bedtime (1950)) – two novellas:
 Wanted: Someone Innocent
 Last Act
 Take Two at Bedtime (1950) (novellas)
Last Act
Wanted: Someone Innocent
 No Love Lost (1954) (novellas)
 The Patient at Peacocks Hall
 Safer Than Love
 The Allingham Case-Book (1969: short stories)
"Black Plumes" (some re-prints)
"The Border-Line Case" (Mr. Campion)
"Evidence in Camera"
"Face Value"
"Is There a Doctor in the House?" "Joke Over" (Mr. Campion)
"The Lieabout"
"Little Miss Know-All" (Mr. Campion)
"The Lying-in-State"
"The Mind's Eye Mystery"
"Mum Knows Best" (Mr. Campion)
"One Morning They'll Hang Him" (Mr. Campion)
"The Pioneers"
"The Pro and the Con" (Mr. Campion)
"The Psychologist"
"The Snapdragon and the C.I.D." (Mr. Campion)
"Tall Story" (Mr. Campion)
"They Never Get Caught"
"Three Is a Lucky Number"
"The Villa Marie Celeste" (Mr. Campion)
 The Darings of the Red Rose (Crippen & Landru, 1995)
 Three is a Lucky Number

As Maxwell March (a pseudonym)
 Other Man's Danger (1933: US title The Man of Dangerous Secrets)
 Rogues' Holiday (1935)
 The Shadow in the House (1936: US title The Devil and Her Son)

References

Further reading
 CLUES: A Journal of Detection 23.1 (Fall 2004). Ed. Margaret Kinsman. Theme issue on Margery Allingham.Joshi, S. T. "<mask> <mask>: Murder, Gangs and Spies." In Varieties of Crime Fiction (Wildside Press, 2019) . Pike, B. A. "The Short Stories of <mask> <mask>." CLUES: A Journal of Detection 25.4 (Summer 2007): 27–36. External links

 The Margery Allingham Society
 A brief biography and analysis from ClassicCrimeFiction.com

1904 births
1966 deaths
Alumni of the Regent Street Polytechnic
English crime fiction writers
English mystery writers
Members of the Detection Club
Deaths from breast cancer
Deaths from cancer in England
People educated at the Perse School for Girls
Women mystery writers
English women novelists
20th-century English women writers
20th-century English novelists
People from Ealing
People from Maldon District

masks:
Margery Louise Allingham
Margery Louise Allingham
Emmie Allingham
Emily Joyce Allingham
Emmie Allingham
Allingham
Allingham
Allingham
Allingham
Allingham
Allingham
Allingham
Allingham
Margery
Allingham
Allingham
Margery
Allingham
Margery
Allingham
Margery
Allingham
Margery
Allingham
Margery
Allingham
Margery
Allingham


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<mask> (born 11 March 1966) is an Indian playback singer, known for his work in Hindi films. He was a part of the Silk Route band. Chauhan has received two Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer and three Zee Cine Award For Best Male Playback Singer awards. He has recorded several songs for films and albums many different languages, and is one of is one of the most prominent Indipop singers. Early life
<mask> was born in the town of Nahan, Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh, on 11 March 1966. Because of his father's transferable job, he studied in various schools of Himachal Pradesh, including Our Lady of Snows Highschool in Kullu, and St. Luke's Senior Secondary School, Solan. Chauhan earned a Master of Science in Geology from a government college at Dharamshala affiliated to Himachal Pradesh University.He has not received any formal training in music. He got influenced by his grandfather who was a classical singer and used to sing and play guitar, harmonica and flute. He was also influenced by legendary singer Kishore Kumar.He wanted to become an actor before his debut in the music industry. Career
<mask>, Kem Trivedi and Kenny Puri were the vocalists for Silk Route. His first album, Boondein, was released in 1998 and featured the popular songs "Dooba Dooba" and "Pehchan". The second album was released in 2000. After Silk Route was discontinued in 2008, he released another album "Fitoor" in 2009.<mask>'s film singing career began in 2002 when he sung "Pehli Nazar Mein Dari Thi" from the film Road. His songs "Khoon Chala" from Rang De Basanti and "Tum Se Hi" from Jab We Met are regarded as his most notable. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer prize in 2010 for the song Masakali. In 2011, he was featured in the third episode of The Dewarists for his song "Maaya". He was also featured on MTV Unplugged in the same year. In 2017, he made his Gujarati language debut with the song "Jaag Re Banda" from the movie Last Chance. His first ever Himachali songs were "Puchhe Amma" and "Deva Mere" from the film Saanjh.Bollywood Debut:2002-07
After the massive success of "Dooba Dooba" and "Boondein", which earned him awards and recognition, Chauhan was approached by composer Sandesh Shandilya to sing in films. Chauhan made his debut with Shandilya's composition of the song "Pehli Nazar Me Dari Thi" from the 2002 film Road. The next year, he sang for the films Main Madhuri Dixit Banana Chahati Hoon and Kyun, but didn't get any recognition. This was followed by "Sabse Peeche Hum Khade" for the 2004 film Let's Enjoy, "Paintra" and "Guncha Koi" for the 2005 film Main Meri Patni aur Woh in which he also served as composer, and the song "Angna" and "Rowan Akhiya" for the film Adharma. A.R. Rahman, who had noticed Chauhan at the award win for Silk Route, called him to sing "Khoon Chala" for the film Rang De Basanti. The song proved to be a breakthrough for him, and in 2007, he followed this up with his first major hit song in the Pritam-composed romantic ballad "Tum Se Hi" for the film Jab We Met, penned by Irshad Kamil; both Pritam and writer-director Imtiaz Ali wanted Chauhan to lend his voice for this romantic track.2008-10

<mask> followed the success of "Tum Se Hi" with the song "Kuchh Khaas Hai" in 2008, composed by Salim–Sulaiman, for Fashion. He reunited with Pritam for Kismat Konnection where he performed "Kahi na Lage Man (Is This Love) " along with Shreya Ghoshal. "Ankhon Hi Ankhon Mein", a soft romantic number from EMI, had him appear on screen for the first time in the song's music video. He also sang for his first animated film Bolt where he sang the Hindi version of "I Thought I Lost You". 2009 was the most successful year in Chauhan's career, as of the 8 songs he recorded, 4 of them  "Masakali" from Delhi-6, "Yeh Dooriyan" from Love Aaj Kal, "Pehli Baar Mohabbat" from Kaminey and "Tune Jo Na Kaha" from New York  were huge chartbusters, establishing him as an audience favourite among the younger generation. 2010 proved to be a moderately successful follow-up to Chauhan's success from the previous year, as his songs became popular. Among his 2010 songs, the romantic number "Pee Loon" from Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai, picturized on Emraan Hashmi, was a rage.2011

Chauhan had his biggest rise to national prominence in 2011 as he attracted mainstream attention for his contribution to the soundtrack of Rockstar, which reunited him with Ali and Rahman after almost half-a-decade; the 9 songs he recorded for the film as the voice of the protagonist Jordan played by Ranbir Kapoor were all massive chartbusters at the time of release, and continue to be treated as cult songs till date. Among other successful songs he recorded that year, "Abhi Kuch Dino Se" from Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji and "Khwabon Ke Parinday" from Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, "Acha Lagta Hai" from Aarakshan were highly popular. 2015-Present

In 2020, Chauhan sang "Dheere Dheere Se" for the film Guns of Banaras, composed by Sohail Sen and written by Sameer. He sang "Yeh Dooriyaa" which is composed by Pritam from the film Love Aaj Kal (2020). This song is new version of "Yeh Dooriyaan" chartbuster from the film Love Aaj Kal (2009). Both the version are written by Irshad Kamil There is a remix version too which is released by Sony Music India. He sang "Meethi Meethi Gallan", "Kisi Gair Ka Nahi", and "Salaam".Salaam is a tribute to corona warriors by Chauhan. He also features in a video of " Hum Haar Nahi Maanenge" composed by AR Rahman. In 2019 Chauhan performed at Kargil Vijay Diwas, he sung "Khoon Chala" his song from Rang De Basanti, as a tribute to the brave Indian Soldiers. Prime Minister Narendra Modi & Defence Minister Rajnath Singh were present. The event held at Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi. Discography

Personal life

Chauhan married Prarthna Gehlot on June 29, 2012. <mask> is an active participant in the not-for-profit public limited companies National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), which encourages young people to follow beneficial vocational training initiatives.Chauhan regularly fed 60-70 stray dogs in Delhi at the time of Lockdown in India due to COVID-19 pandemic. "Before the Lockdown, there were people who would feed the strays. But now, they’ve stopped. The stray dogs in Delhi don’t hunt and depend on humans to feed them. So, I’ve been going around giving them food and water", says Chauhan. Filmography

Awards and honours

Chauhan has received two Filmfare Awards, one IIFA Award, three Zee Cine Awards, and one Screen Award. He was listed in the Forbes Celebrity 100 of 2012.References

External links
<mask> Chauhan at Lastfm

1966 births
Living people
Indian male playback singers
Indian guitarists
Indian male musicians
Harmonica players
Bollywood playback singers
Indian male pop singers
Hindi-language singers
Indian flautists
Participants in Indian reality television series
Ballad musicians
People from Sirmaur district
Musicians from Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh University alumni

masks:
Mohit Chauhan
Mohit Chauhan
Chauhan
Chauhan
Chauhan
Mohit
Mohit


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<mask> (born September 12, 1978) is an American singer and actor. He rose to fame as winner of the second season of American Idol and received a Grammy Award nomination in 2003 for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his recording of "Superstar." In the years following Idol, Studdard has released seven studio albums, including his platinum-selling debut, Soulful, and the top-selling gospel follow-up, I Need an Angel. He is most well known for his recording career, which has produced hits including "Flying Without Wings," "Sorry 2004," and "Change Me," but he has also segued into television and stage work. Most notably, he starred as Fats Waller in a national tour revival of Ain't Misbehavin', which spawned a Grammy-nominated soundtrack. In 2013, <mask> appeared as a contestant on the fifteenth season of weight-loss competition show The Biggest Loser. He later signed to Verve Records and collaborated with the label's chairman, David Foster, on Studdard's sixth studio album, Unconditional Love, in 2014.That album received strong reviews as a return-to-form and included a tour with Lalah Hathaway. In 2018, <mask>, who has long been compared to R&B singer Luther Vandross, released a cover album called Ruben Sings Luther and launched his Always & Forever national tour. He made his Broadway theatre debut in December 2018 in Ruben & Clay’s First Annual Christmas Carol Family Fun Pageant Spectacular Reunion Show (aka Ruben & Clay’s Christmas Show) at the Imperial Theatre. Early life
<mask> was born in Frankfurt, West Germany, to American parents, while his father was stationed there with the U.S. Army, and grew up in Birmingham, Alabama. The youngest son of two teachers, at the age of three, he sang for the first time at the Rising Star Baptist Church in his hometown of Birmingham. He continued singing gospel in church, performing solos as a child while his mother sang in the local choir. While at Huffman High School, he played football for which he received a scholarship to Alabama A&M University.While at Alabama A&M, he joined the Omicron Delta chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the men's music fraternity of America. After growing up listening to his mother's Donny Hathaway albums, Fred Hammond, and gospel music, Studdard began to pursue a career in the music industry, majoring in voice studies at Alabama A&M. He sang with Just a Few Cats, a popular local Birmingham jazz and R&B band founded by members of Ray Reach's UAB Jazz Ensemble, along with other local musicians. Years later, Studdard stated: "A lot of people don't realize how hard I was trying to get into the business before American Idol. I was making demos and just working so hard." A back-up singer from Just a Few Cats asked him to accompany her to Nashville, Tennessee for an audition on the 2003 second season of American Idol. American Idol
When auditioning, Studdard sang Stevie Wonder's "Ribbon in the Sky."This guided him to being one of the local finalists. On American Idol, he impressed viewers with his performances of the Leon Russell/Bonnie Bramlett song "Superstar" and the Peabo Bryson/Regina Belle duet "A Whole New World." During his time on the show, Studdard received praise from music legends such as Lionel Richie, Neil Sedaka, Robin Gibb of the Bee Gees, Luther Vandross, and Gladys Knight. During the televised competition, Studdard gained the nickname "Velvet Teddy Bear" and was noted for his shirts printed with "205," the telephone area code of his hometown of Birmingham. He won the contest over runner-up Clay Aiken by only 134,000 votes out of 24,000,000 cast in the May 2003 finale, becoming the second American Idol winner. Alabama Governor Bob Riley declared March 11, 2003 as "Ruben Studdard Day." Performances and results

Career

2003–2004: Soulful
<mask> released his first single, a cover of Westlife's "Flying Without Wings" (which he had sung on the American Idol finale), produced by The Underdogs and Babyface.Fueled largely by sales, it debuted at number two on the Billboard Hot 100. In December 2003, advance orders for his album Soulful topped the one million mark before it was released into stores. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 album chart that month, selling over 400,000 copies in its first week and attaining the second highest first-week sales of any American Idol winner. The single "Sorry 2004" from this album found substantial airplay, reaching number nine in the Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the Billboard R&B singles chart. <mask> received a Grammy Award nomination in December 2003 for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "Superstar", nominated alongside his idol Luther Vandross, who ultimately won the category. In March 2004, <mask> won the NAACP Outstanding New Artist award. 2004–2005: I Need an Angel
Studdard released the gospel album I Need an Angel on November 23, 2004.The title track and first single "I Need an Angel" was a cover of a 2002 single performed by R&B singer Daniel DeBourg and written by R. Kelly. The album sold over 96,000 copies in its first week, entering the Gospel charts at number one and at number twenty on the Billboard 200 chart. It since has sold over 500,000 copies, securing Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. It was also number one on the 2005 Billboard Year-End Gospel Albums Chart. In March 2005, <mask> filed a lawsuit against his godfather and business advisor Ronald Edwards. The suit alleges that Edwards ran up $156,000 on Studdard's credit cards and stole $90,000 from his checking account. Edwards filed a countersuit.On June 15, 2006, <mask> was awarded $500,000 for personal losses and another $1.5 million in punitive damages. Between his second and third albums, Studdard began a diet and fitness program to deal with his weight, out of concern for a family history of diabetes and hypertension, resulting in his losing over 70 pounds on a vegetarian diet. In 2004, <mask> made a cameo in the film Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, singing a cover of Earth, Wind & Fire's "Shining Star". He also made guest appearances on TV shows including Life on a Stick, 8 Simple Rules, One on One, All of Us and Eve. 2006–2008: The Return
<mask>'s third album, The Return, was released in October 2006. Returning to R&B music on this album, Studdard collaborated with a variety of producers, including Scott Storch, Stargate, and Ne-Yo. <mask> also co-wrote several songs on the album.The Return sold 71,000 copies in its first week to open at number eight on the Billboard 200 album chart. The lead single, "Change Me," reached number one on Billboard's Urban Contemporary chart, while the follow-up track, "Make Ya Feel Beautiful", also made a strong impression on the R&B charts. <mask> continued to tour, saying he would play a variety of music: "Coming out to my show is like coming to my house. I'll play the songs I love. It's like a party. For me, a party has all different types of music happening." <mask> appeared on the finale of American Idol season 6 in May 2007.He spent a few weeks touring with Robin Givens in the comedy-drama Heaven I Need a Hug and prepared to take on the role of Fats Waller in a national tour of Ain't Misbehavin' in 2008. The tour is scheduled to begin November 17, 2008 in Atlanta, GA and end May 14, 2009 in Syracuse, NY. In December 2007, <mask> had been dropped from his record company, J Records, due to poor sales of The Return and "[falling] short of expectations". He remained under contract with 19 Recordings  and was assigned the high-profile position of performing the American Idol season 7 farewell song, a recording of Kenny Loggins' "Celebrate Me Home", in a new version produced by Terry Lewis and Jimmy Jam. Studdard performed "Celebrate Me Home" live on May 20, 2008, at the Nokia Theatre for the first night of the two-night grand finale of American Idol's seventh season. In 2008, <mask> also collaborated with gospel singer Deitrick Haddon and duo Mary Mary on the hit gospel song "Love Him Like I Do". 2009–2010: Love Is
<mask> announced that his next album, to be released May 19, 2009, would be released on Sony Music offshoot Hickory Records.The new album, entitled Love Is, was produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The album spawned the singles "Together" and "Don't Make 'Em Like U No More". Love Is was released on May 19, 2009, to positive reviews. The album, which features a mix of covers and original songs, sold 15,200 units in its first week to debut at number 36 on the Billboard 200, number five on Independent Albums and number eight on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Studdard appeared with the "David Foster and Friends" ten-city tour beginning October 21, 2009, in Chicago, Illinois and ending November 8, 2009, in Vancouver, Canada. A compilation album, Playlist: The Very Best of <mask> <mask> was released on January 26, 2010 by Sony's Legacy Recordings. Studdard returned to the American Idol stage on March 31, 2010 to perform "Don't Make 'Em Like U No More".In his on-camera interview with Ryan Seacrest after his performance, he announced that he would be touring with Clay Aiken in the

masks:
Ruben Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Ruben
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
Studdard
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Ruben
Studdard


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 summer. <mask> and Aiken brought their Timeless tour to cities in the US and Canada beginning in Asheville, North Carolina on July 23, 2010 and ending in Biloxi, Mississippi on August 14. Instead of a concert focusing on each singers recordings, <mask> and Aiken opted for a variety show format covering medleys of songs from the 1960s to the 1990s, with a few solos and interspersed with comedy bits. 2010–2013: Letters from Birmingham
In 2011, <mask> signed with Shanachie Entertainment. His first album for the label and fifth studio release overall, Letters from Birmingham, was released in March 2012. A concept album that traces a relationship through a series of romantic letters, Letters from Birmingham received mostly positive reviews, especially for his duet with Chrisette Michele, "Do It Right", which was praised as "sublime" and "tantalizing". The album also included covers of Bobby Brown's "Rock Wit'cha" and "Pure Imagination" from Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, recast as a love song.Since its release, "Letters from Birmingham" has sold 22,000 copies, and the lead single, "June 28 (I'm Single)", which referenced his marriage and subsequent divorce, reached the top 20 of Billboard's urban charts. 2013–2014: The Biggest Loser and Unconditional Love
Studdard joined the cast of fifteenth season of the NBC weight loss competition show The Biggest Loser, and was credited as its first ever celebrity contestant. At 6'3 and 462 pounds, Studdard had the highest starting weight and BMI of the entire cast. A member of the show's Red Team, <mask> was first eliminated in the fourth week after he failed to make his weight loss goal. However, because opposing coach Jillian Michaels had given her team caffeine pills in violation of the rules, Studdard's elimination was voided and he returned before once again being eliminated during the competition's eighth week. At the show's finale on February 4, 2014 (which coincided with the release of Studdard's newest album, Unconditional Love), it was revealed that he had lost a total of 119 pounds for an ending weight of 343 pounds. Studdard credited the weight loss for improving his ability to perform onstage.During the finale, <mask> also performed his new album's lead single, "Meant to Be", accompanied by the song's cowriter and producer, David Foster, on piano. Unconditional Love is <mask>'s sixth studio album and first with his new label, Verve Records. Foster, who has won 16 Grammy Awards, was the executive producer of the disc, which primarily consists of covers of love songs along with two originals, including "Meant to Be". <mask> has called it "the album that everybody expected from me when I won American Idol." The album features collaborations with Stevie Wonder, Lalah Hathaway, and Eric Benet, and includes covers of songs originally performed by artists such as Paul McCartney, Donny Hathaway, Bonnie Raitt, Marvin Gaye, and Peabo Bryson. Since its release, the album has received some of <mask>'s best reviews of his career. According to critics, the album "finds Studdard at the top of his game vocally" and he hits his stride, "exuding grace, confidence and class" as he successfully positions himself as a "stylish crooner."Unconditional Love debuted at #46 on the Billboard 200 and #7 on Billboard's R&B Albums chart. Studdard supported the release of Unconditional Love with the national Born Again Tour with his collaborator Lalah Hathaway. 2015-present: <mask> Sings Luther and Broadway debut
<mask> continues to appear regularly on American Idol, including mentoring and performing with contestants in its farewell season on Fox. He released a new single, "Can't Nobody Love You," on April 8, 2016, and appeared on several talk shows to promote the song. In 2017, he released a cover of "A Change Is Gonna Come" and guested on Patti LaBelle's holiday album, performing "Your Presence with Me" and "Ave Maria." In 2018, <mask>, who had long been compared to Luther Vandross, released a tribute album, <mask> Sings Luther, on the SEG Music label. He supported the album with the Always & Forever national tour.In an interview with People Magazine, <mask> said that, “Since I won American Idol, people have been asking for me to sing Luther songs for a long time. I thought, ‘OK. You want to hear it? I might as well do it. I thought it was the perfect time to pay homage to one of the greatest song interpreters of all time.”

Both the album and tour received strong reviews, with Variety noting that "<mask> truly took wing and made the music of Vandross his own" on tour and The Philadelphia Inquirer calling the album a "full-on lush-and-funky tribute". <mask> made his Broadway theatre debut in December 2018, reuniting with Clay Aiken in Ruben & Clay’s First Annual Christmas Carol Family Fun Pageant Spectacular Reunion Show (aka Ruben & Clay’s Christmas Show) at the Imperial Theatre, with previews beginning December 7 and the show officially opening December 11. The show continued through December 30, with a portion of ticket sales benefitting the National Inclusion Project.Acting
Studdard has worked as an actor in several roles, including single-episode appearances on the television series 8 Simple Rules, Life on a Stick, All of Us, Eve, and One on One, as well as a cameo appearance in the film Scooby Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed. He has also appeared on a television commercial for a Birmingham-area Kia dealer. Studdard headlined the revival tour of Ain't Misbehavin', starring alongside fellow American Idol alumni Trenyce and Frenchie Davis. Starring as Fats Waller, Studdard received positive reviews and was part of the cast recording album released by Rhino Records on January 13, 2009. The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album. Advocacy
<mask>'s love of music led him to create The Ruben Studdard Foundation for the Advancement of Children in the Music Arts. The foundation's mission statement says their aim is "to promote the essential role of the arts in education through learning initiatives for the development of students in the Greater Birmingham Area."Studdard also signed on as an official spokesperson for "Be Sickle Smart", a nationwide grassroots health-education program aimed at increasing awareness of iron overload among people living with sickle-cell disease. Personal life
<mask> met Surata Zuri McCants in October 2006, when he was signing CDs at a Wal-Mart in Atlanta. On June 28, 2008, <mask> married McCants in a short, private ceremony in Mountain Brook, Alabama. On November 16, 2011, Studdard's attorney announced that Studdard was in the process of a divorce. <mask>'s divorce was finalized in April 2012. Studdard received an honorary Master of Arts degree from his alma mater of Alabama A&M University, where he received a bachelor degree in Vocal Studies, at its December 2015 commencement ceremony. He is a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity.In 2022, it was announced that Studdard would teach a masterclass for performing arts majors at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Awards and nominations

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Single certifications

Other albums
 American Idol Season 2: All-Time Classic American Love Songs (2003)
 "What the World Needs Now"  (with Season 2 Finalists)
 "God Bless the U.S.A. (Proud to Be an American)" (with Season 2 Finalists)
 "Superstar"
 American Idol: The Great Holiday Classics (2003)
 "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
 "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" (American Idol Ensemble)
 "This Christmas"
 Genius & Friends (2005)
 "Imagine" with Ray Charles and The Harlem Gospel Singers
 Revealed (2008)
 "Love Him Like I Do" with Deitrick Haddon and Mary Mary
 Ain't Misbehavin': The 30th Anniversary Cast Recording (2009)
 "Honeysuckle Rose" duet with Frenchie Davis
 "The Jitterbug Waltz" with Patrice Covington & Company
 "Lounging At The Waldorf" with Frenchie Davis, Trenyce Cobbins & Patrice Covington
 "Your Feet's Too Big"
 Hit Man Returns: David Foster & Friends (2011)
 "Home" with David Foster

 Unbelievable (2011)
 "Saturday Love" with Keke Wyatt
 Sing Pray Love, Vol. 1: Sing (2014)
 "Back 2 Love" with Kelly Price
 Patti LaBelle Presents: Home for the Holidays with Friends (2017)
 "Don't Save it All for Christmas"
 "Your Presence with Me"
 "Let It Snow"
 "Ave Maria"

Filmography
 One on One (2004)
 Scooby Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004)
 8 Simple Rules (2005)
 Life on a Stick (2005)
 All of Us (2005)
 Natural Born Komics (2006) (direct-to-DVD)
 Eve (2006)
 Lifted (2011)
 The Perfect Gift (2011)

See also
 List of Idols winners

References

External links

 Official Foundation site

1978 births
Living people
Alabama A&M Bulldogs football players
American football offensive linemen
American gospel singers
American Idol winners
American male pop singers
American contemporary R&B singers
Baptists from Alabama
Musicians from Birmingham, Alabama
Urban contemporary gospel musicians
19 Recordings artists
J Records artists
Hickory Records artists
Shanachie Records artists
Verve Records artists
21st-century African-American male

masks: Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard Ruben Studdard Studdard Ruben Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard Studdard


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<mask> (; born 24 December 1969 in Nevinnomyssk, Stavropol Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian engineer and cosmonaut. In 2011 he was in space serving as an Expedition 25/26 crewmember. On 12 April 2011, <mask> was awarded the titles of Hero of the Russian Federation and Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation for courage and heroism in the implementation of long-duration space flight on the International Space Station. Education
He was born into a soldier's family and lived in Nevinnomyssk in the North Caucasus, in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the Russian Far East and in Zaporizhia in Soviet Ukraine. <mask> entered the Bauman Moscow State Technical University after graduating from high school in Zaporizhia in 1987. He graduated in 1993 from the university with a diploma of mechanical engineer in rocket construction. <mask> worked as a test-metal worker between 1987 and 1991 and as a Technician between 1991 and 1993 in the scientific-industrial association project bureau at Energia.After graduating from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, from August 1993 to August 1997 he worked as an engineer in Energia RSC project bureau on the development of transport and cargo vehicles. Roscosmos career

In 1997, <mask> was selected as a test cosmonaut and from January 1998 to November 1999, he studied the advanced space training course. From April 2007 to April 2008, he trained as an ISS Expedition 17 backup crewmember (Soyuz TMA and ISS flight engineer). From August 2008 he trained as an ISS Expedition 25/26 and Soyuz TMA-M flight engineer. Expedition 25/26
Skripochka was a member (Flight Engineer) of the ISS Expedition 25/26, that was launched on 7 October 2010 from Baikonur Cosmodrome, aboard Soyuz TMA-01M spacecraft, together with cosmonaut Aleksandr Kaleri and NASA astronaut Scott Kelly. <mask> arrived at the ISS after the Soyuz spacecraft linked up with the space station at 00:01 UTC on 10 October 2010. He stayed on board the ISS till March 2011.During their mission, <mask> and the rest of the Expedition 25/26 crew participated in a wide array of research, including fundamental physics, biometric experiments and investigations of crystal growth in space, as well as education outreach. After spending 159 days in space, Skripochka returned to Earth on 16 March 2011. The Soyuz TMA-01M spacecraft carrying <mask>, Kaleri and Kelly undocked from the Poisk module at 4:27 GMT. Following a nominal re-entry, the Soyuz capsule touched down on its side at 7:54 GMT near Arkalyk in north central Kazakhstan. A few minutes later, <mask> and his two crew members were pulled from the capsule and placed in reclining chairs. The weather at the landing side was harsh with high winds and viciously cold temperatures. At one point in his live landing commentary, NASA spokesman Rob Navias said "You would think that was a scene out of the North Pole," to explain the extreme climatic conditions.Spacewalks

<mask> participated in three spacewalks during his stay aboard the space station as an Expedition 25 and 26 Flight Engineer. Russian EVA #26
On 15 November 2010, <mask> participated in a spacewalk with fellow Russian cosmonaut and Expedition 25 Flight Engineer Fyodor Yurchikhin. At 13:25 UTC, he and Yurchikhin ventured into space outside the ISS from the Pirs airlock to conduct Russian EVA #26. The spacewalk lasted six hours and 27 minutes. It was the first for <mask>, who was in the spacesuit marked with blue stripes (Orlan-MK #5). The two cosmonauts removed Kontur and Expose-R scientific experiments. The Kontur experiment studied remote object control capability for robotic arms and the Expose-R experiment is a European Space Agency experiment designed to expose organic material to the extreme environment of space.During the spacewalk, Skripochka and Yurchikhin also installed a portable multipurpose workstation on the Zvezda service module and installed handrail extensions between
the Poisk Module and both Zvezda and Zarya modules. They performed an experiment called Test, which is aimed at verifying the existence
of micro organisms or contamination underneath insulation on the Russian segment of the ISS. Skripochka and Yurchikhin removed a television camera from the Rassvet module, however they were not able to relocate the camera due to interference with insulation where it was to be installed. Russian EVA #27
During the second spacewalk (Russian EVA #27), conducted on 21 January 2011, Skripochka and cosmonaut Dmitri Kondratyev focused to complete installation of a new high-speed data transmission system. Skripochka was designated as Extravehicular 2, and had a blue stripe on his spacesuit. Skripochka also wore a NASA-provided wireless television camera system and helmet lights to provide live point-of-view video to Mission Control-Moscow. Kondratyev and Skripochka began the five-hour, 23-minute spacewalk at 9:29 a.m. EST when the two cosmonauts opened the Pirs hatch and began exiting the Russian segment of the space station.The spacewalk ended at 2:52 p.m EST. They deployed the antenna for the Radio Technical System for Information Transfer, an experimental system designed to enable large data files to be downlinked using radio technology at a speed of about 100 MB/s from space station's Russian segment. During the spacewalk, Kondratyev and Skripochka also removed the plasma pulse generator on the port side of the Zvezda module that was part of an experiment to investigate disturbances and changes in the ionosphere from space station impulse plasma flow. The generator, was covered, removed and returned inside the Pirs airlock. They also removed the commercial Expose-R experiment from the port side of Zvezda. The joint Russian and European Space Agency package contains a number of material samples that were left open to space conditions. Working inside the Pirs airlock, Kondratyev and Skripochka grabbed the new docking camera for the Rassvet module (MRM1) and carried it to the worksite on Rassvet.They installed the camera and mated the camera's cable to a pre-wired connector that will route the video into the space station. Russian EVA #28
On 16 February 2011, Skripochka and Kondratyev participated in a spacewalk (Russian EVA #28) outside the ISS. The tasks for Skripochka and Kondratyev included to install a radio antenna, deploy a nano satellite, install two experiments and retrieve two exposure panels on a third experiment. The experiments they installed are the Molniya-Gamma experiment, which measures gamma splashes and optical radiation during terrestrial lightning and thunder conditions, and a high-speed data transmission system experiment that uses radio technology. The exposure panels retrieved are part of the Komplast experiment. Expedition 47/48
Skripochka returned to space on Soyuz TMA-20M at 19 March 2016 03:09 UTC, as part of the Expedition 47/48 crew

Expedition 61/62
Skripochka launched to the International Space Station on board Soyuz MS-15 on 25 September 2019, as a member of Expeditions 61 and 62. He returned to Earth April 17, 2020.References

External links

 Spacefacts biography of <mask> Shripochka
 Spaceflight101 biography of <mask> Shripochka

1969 births
Living people
Bauman Moscow State Technical University alumni
Commanders of the International Space Station
Heroes of the Russian Federation
People from Nevinnomyssk
Russian cosmonauts
Russian people of Ukrainian descent
Spacewalkers

masks:
Oleg Ivanovich Skripochka
Skripochka
Skripochka
Experience Skripochka
Skripochka
Skripochka
Skripochka
Skripochka
Skripochka
Skripochka
Skripochka
Skripochka
Oleg
Oleg


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<mask> (; 9 November 1890 – 24 August 1950), a Ukrainian Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union, served as chief of the Red Army's Main Artillery Directorate from 1935 until June 1941. Known as an incompetent commander with a knowledge of military technology "frozen in 1918", he dismissed innovations such as tanks, anti-tank guns, and the Katyusha rocket launcher; only his personal friendship with Stalin (dating from service together in the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922) protected him from criticism. He had a reputation as a buffoon and a bully, who would shriek at subordinates who disagreed with him: "Prison or a medal!" On Stalin's orders, he was dismissed from his posts in 1946, arrested in 1947, and executed for treason in 1950. Early life
<mask> was born into a peasant family near Poltava in Ukraine. A soldier of the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he served as a non-commissioned officer in the artillery. In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party and the Red Army during 1918.Civil war
At the beginning of the Russian Civil War, his friendship with the Bolshevik Kliment Voroshilov caused him to join the Red Army, resulting in an introduction to Stalin and the command of the artillery of the 1st Cavalry Army (co-led by Stalin and Voroshilov) at the Battle of Tsaritsyn during 1918. The position was almost entirely political in nature, a reward for <mask> joining the Reds and his loyalty to Voroshilov; <mask> himself did not have any experience with gun laying or commanding artillery crews, and the whole Bolshevik artillery force in Tsaritsyn consisted of 3 obsolete artillery pieces. Despite having little to no perceivable effect on the outcome of the battle, <mask>'s performance greatly impressed Stalin. After the Civil War, <mask> continued as one of Stalin's favored and most politically reliable generals during Poland's 1919 invasion of the Soviet Union, which he commanded personally. His poor performance resulted in him being replaced by the former cavalry NCO Semyon Budyonny. Unfazed, Stalin promoted <mask> to the post of First Deputy People's Commissar for Defense directed by Voroshilov. Artillery Directorate Chief
In 1935, <mask> was appointed chief of the Main Artillery Directorate, making him responsible for overseeing the development and production of new tanks, tank guns and artillery pieces.<mask> retained his opinions of the Red Army as it was during 1918, the last time he had had a field command. He denounced Marshal Tukhachevsky's campaign to redevelop the Red Army's mechanized forces into independent units like the Wehrmacht's Panzerkorps; the creation of separate divisions allowed them to use their greater maneuverability for Deep Battle-style maneuver warfare, rapidly exploiting breakthroughs rather than simply assisting the infantry. Correctly sensing that Stalin considered these new ideas as potential threats to his authority, <mask> successfully argued against the change. In an anonymous section of a report on the Spanish Civil War, <mask> noted that tanks not facing anti-tank weaponry were effective on the battlefield. He and Voroshilov argued that Tukhachevsky's theoretical style of warfare could not yet be carried out by the Red Army in its pre-war state, even if those theories were effective. Though Tukhachevsky was purged in 1937 because of Stalin and Voroshilov's dislike for him, his theories were at that time already widely influential in the Red Army. Though <mask> and Voroshilov's reforms moved the Red Army further away from deep operations doctrine, which had fallen out of favor due to many of its proponents being purged, as well as a lack of officers able to carry out the complicated operations required, the adjustment of Soviet military theory to better reflect the Red Army's actual operational capability would have a positive impact of the performance of the army in the opening days of WWII.Marshal Georgi Zhukov's use of deep operations techniques to great effect in Manchuria against the Japanese would eventually convince Stalin of their value, after which they were used effectively during Operation Bagration. <mask> criticized Marshal Voroshilov's endorsement of the production of the T-34 tank and his namesake KV-1 tanks, both of which would prove instrumental to the survival of the USSR. After <mask> was overruled by Stalin and ordered to produce the tanks anyway, he began deliberately delaying the production of ammunition and guns, resulting in a drastic shortage of 76.2mm shells. At the start of the war, no more than 12% of the T-34 and KV-1 tanks had a full ammunition load; few had any anti-tank rounds, most had no more than a few high explosive shells, and a shocking number had to rely solely on their coaxial machine guns, having no 76.2mm rounds at all. Many T-34 and KV-1 tanks were sent into battle underarmed and eventually had to be abandoned by their crews when they ran out of ammunition. Prior to and during the early period of the war with Germany, <mask> interfered with the armament of the T-34 and KV-1 tanks. Though it was both more effective and cheaper than the L-11 gun then in use, <mask> opposed the adoption of the F-34 gun designed by Vasiliy Grabin's workshop at the Joseph Stalin Factory No.92, as he was a political patron for the Leningrad Kirov Plant, which manufactured the L-11. Due to his status, the relevant armament bureaucrats failed to approve the newer gun for fear of retaliation. This eventually necessitated a rushed retrofit of the KV-1 and T-34's gun in the midst of the German invasion when it became apparent that the L-11 could not reliably penetrate even the lightly armored Panzer III, which was arriving in large numbers. This was facilitated by Grabin's disobedience; with the endorsement of <mask>'s political enemies, he had secretly ordered the manufacture of a reserve stock of F-34 guns, predicting that they would soon be needed and that his decision would be lauded by Stalin once the gun had proven itself in battle. Grabin was correct; <mask>'s objections were outweighed by the many letters from Soviet tank crewmen to Stalin endorsing the new gun. <mask> also disparaged the use of minefields as a defensive measure, considering this to be at odds with a properly aggressive strategy and terming minefields "a weapon of the weak." This decision allowed for the essentially free movement of German forces across Russian defensive lines during Operation Barbarossa, with static defensive strongpoints being bypassed easily by Panzer spearheads and surrounded by infantry, forcing the defenders to surrender.He also zealously endorsed Stalin's exhortations against retreat, allowing whole divisions to be encircled and annihilated or starved into surrendering en masse. Eventually, after <mask>'s demotion, the laying of multiple layers of anti-tank mines proved instrumental for both the successful defense of Leningrad during the German siege and the successful defensive actions against much stronger German armored forces at the Battle of Kursk. <mask> similarly scorned the German issue of the MP-40 submachine gun to their shock troops, stating that it encouraged inaccuracy and excessive ammunition consumption among the rank and file. He forbade the issue of the submachine gun PPD-40 to his units, stating that it was only suitable as a police weapon. It was not until 1941, after widespread demand for a weapon to match the MP-40 again overruled <mask>'s restrictions, that a simple modification of the manufacturing process for the PPD-40 produced the PPSh-41, which proved to be amongst the most widely produced, inexpensive and effective small arms of the war, considered by many German infantrymen to be superior to the MP-40, with whole companies of Russian infantrymen eventually being issued the weapon for house-to-house fighting. <mask> refused to endorse the production of the innovative Katyusha rocket artillery system, stating "What the hell do we need rocket artillery for? The main thing is the horse-drawn gun."Although it could have been produced much earlier in the war without his meddling, the Katyusha rocket artillery system eventually proved to be one of the most effective Soviet inventions of the war and a major advance in artillery technology. In 1939 he became Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, also participating with the Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland in September. He commanded the Soviet's artillery attack on Finland at the start of the Winter War, which quickly foundered. On 5 May 1940, <mask>'s wife, <mask>-Simonich, was kidnapped on Stalin's orders. She was subsequently executed by NKVD executioner Vasili Blokhin in June 1940. It appears that Stalin then ordered the modern equivalent of a damnatio memoriae against the hapless woman; although she was described as very pretty, no photographs or other images of her survive. Two days later, on 7 May 1940, <mask> was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union.He soon married again. Years after his appointment as Chief of Artillery (and his poor performance in two separate wars), Nikita Khrushchev questioned his competence, causing Stalin to rebuke him angrily: "You don't even know <mask>! I know him from the civil war when he commanded the artillery in Tsaritsyn. He knows artillery!" Wartime command
When Germany invaded the USSR during June 1941, <mask> was given command of the 54th Army on the Leningrad front. Here he presided over Soviet defeats that resulted in the city of Leningrad being surrounded and General Zhukov being rushed to the front in order to stabilize the defenses and take over <mask>'s command. Zhukov states <mask> "was relieved of his command, and the Stavka placed the 54th Army under the Leningrad Front" on 29 September 1941.On June 22, the Defense Industries and the Artillery Directorate were transferred away from <mask> to a 32-year-old factory director, Dmitriy Ustinov. During March 1942 <mask> was court-martialed and demoted to the rank of Major-General. His status as one of Stalin's cronies saved him from the firing squad that was the fate of other defeated Soviet generals. During April 1943 he became commander of the 4th Guards Army. From 1944 to 1945 he was Deputy Head of the Directory of Mobilization, and deputy commander of the Volga Military District. Katyn Massacre
<mask> is positively known for his successful advocacy for the lives of more than 150,000 enlisted Polish POWs captured during the September 1939 Invasion of Poland. Stalin, concerned by invasion from Nazi Germany, had ordered all of the captured Poles to be executed as potential fifth-columnists; his decision was supported by Polish Front Commissar Lev Mekhlis and NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria.<mask>, commander of the Polish Front, twice argued with Stalin for their release, eventually extracting the concession that only the 26,000 officers would be executed, while the more than 150,000 common enlisted men would be released. Despite Mekhlis and Beria's protests, the enlisted men were duly released. The 26,000 officers were executed less than a month later by Stalin's order (many by Blokhin) in the Katyn Massacre. Downfall
After a respite during and immediately after the war, Stalin and his police chief Lavrentiy Beria began a new round of military purges due to Stalin's jealousy and suspicion of the generals' public standing. <mask> was dismissed from his posts during 1946 after NKVD telephone eavesdroppers overheard him grumbling that politicians were stealing the credit from the generals. Arrested during 1947, he remained in prison until 1950, when he was condemned to death and executed for treason. His memory was rehabilitated by Nikita Khrushchev during 1956 and he was posthumously restored to the rank of Marshal of the USSR.References

Bibliography

1890 births
1950 deaths
People from Poltava Raion
People from Poltava Governorate
Bolsheviks
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Marshals of the Soviet Union
Russian military personnel of World War I
Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
Soviet people of the Spanish Civil War
People of the Soviet invasion of Poland
Soviet military personnel of the Winter War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Ukrainian people of World War II
People executed for treason against the Soviet Union
Executed Soviet people from Ukraine
Ukrainian people executed by the Soviet Union
Soviet rehabilitations
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Burials at Donskoye Cemetery
Frunze Military Academy alumni

masks:
Grigory Ivanovich Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
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Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
Kulik
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Kulik
Kulik
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Kira Kulik
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<mask> (24 March 1880 – 12 April 1972) was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training. This was reflected in his later work; he never revised his manuscripts and never used a typewriter. Early life
<mask> was born at Stainburn, Workington in Cumberland, England. He was apprenticed to a pharmacist from 1899 to 1901, and used to go bird watching and egg collecting in the Lake District with fellow chemist William Carruthers Lawrie. New Zealand
Iredale emigrated to New Zealand following medical advice, as he had health issues. He may possibly have had tuberculosis.According to a letter to Will Lawrie dated 25 January 1902, he arrived in Wellington, New Zealand in December 1901, and travelled at once on to Lyttelton and Christchurch. On his second day in Christchurch, he discovered that in the Foreign Natural History Gallery of the Museum and Public Library, 2 of 16 English birds' eggs were wrongly identified – Red Grouse egg labelled as Sandpiper, and Moorhen labelled Water Rail. Iredale became a clerk in a New Zealand company at Christchurch (1902–1907). On 16 April 1906 he married Alice Maud Atkinson in New Zealand, and they had one child, Ida. Kermadec Islands
In 1908 Iredale joined an expedition to the Kermadec Islands and lived for ten months on these remote islands northeast of New Zealand. Living among and studying thousands of birds, he became a bird expert. He survived by shooting and eating the objects of his study.He also collected molluscs on the island and developed an interest in malacology. As a keen naturalist in those times, he already had a broad interest in nature, but this marked a new turn in his career. Queensland
In 1909 he visited Queensland, Australia, collecting about 300 species of chitons and other molluscs. His reputation among his peers was growing, despite the fact that he had no university degree. Britain
<mask> returned to Britain and became a freelance worker at the British Museum of Natural History in London (1909–1910). There he worked as the assistant of Gregory Mathews on the book Birds of Australia (1911–1923). He wrote much of the text, but the work was credited to Mathews.Whilst working in London he lived with Jane Davies, a concert singer, whom he met at a Rothschild's soiree in 1910. The relationship was affected by his explorations abroad although a son and four daughters were born between 1910 and 1917. The son died in infancy. Iredale continued his work in natural history under the patronage of wealthy naturalists such as Charles Rothschild, for whom he travelled to Hungary to collect fleas from birds. He married Lilian Marguerite Medland (1880–1955) on 8 June 1923. She illustrated several of his books and became one of Australia's finest bird artists. New South Wales

Iredale returned to Australia in 1923 and was elected a member of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) in the same year.He was a RAOU Councillor for New South Wales in 1926, and served on the RAOU Migration Committee 1925–1932. He took up a position as a conchologist at the Australian Museum in Sydney (1924–1944). <mask> was originally appointed to assist Joyce Allan, the temporary head of the Conchology department. However their positions were reversed in 1925. He worked tirelessly on publications on shells, birds, ecology and zoogeography. He lectured frequently and wrote many popular scientific articles in newspapers. Due to his efforts (and those of later curators), the Mollusc Section at the Australian Museum now maintains the largest research collection of molluscs in the Southern Hemisphere with over 6,000 specimens.He was an Honorary Associate from his retirement in 1944 until his death. Taxa
Iredale recorded a list of around on thousand systematic names he had published by 1932, chronologically arranged and indexed to the relevant work, this unpublished list became the basis for the one produced for the Australian Museum and published in The Australian zoologist (1956). detailing the works of <mask>'s fifty-year career. This list, produced as tribute to the still active author, brought the total number of names to over two and a half thousand, and noted his other publications and collaborators. Many species and several genera in conchology, ichthyology and ornithology were also named in honour of Iredale, including:
 The molluscan genus Iredalea W. Oliver, 1915
 Cryptoplax iredalei  E. Ashby, 1923

Iredale was made a Fellow of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales in 1931; was awarded the Clarke Medal of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1959; and was President of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales in 1937–38. Selected works
A selection of publications written by Iredale include:

 <mask>, T., 'Solander as an Ornithologist', Ibis, 1913, pp. 127–135
 Iredale, T., 'John Brazier 1842–1930', Nautilus, vol.44, 1931
 <mask>, T., 'J. R. and G. Forster, Naturalists', Emu, vol. 37, 1937, pp. 95–99
 Iredale, T. 1940. Book review. The fishes of Australia. Part I by G. P. Whitley.Proceedings of the RZS of NSW 1939–40: 41. <mask>, T. 1941. Book review. The molluscs of South Australia. Part II by B. C. Cotton & F. K. Godfrey. Proceedings of the RZS of NSW 1940–41: 35. Iredale, T. 1942.Book review. Australian Insects. An introductory handbook by Keith C. McKeown. Proceedings of the RZS of NSW 1941–42: 33–34. Iredale, T. 1947. Book review. Gliders of the gum trees.The most beautiful and enchanting Australian marsupials by David Fleay. Proceedings of the RZS of NSW 1947-47: 5. <mask>, T. 1951. Book review. Australian shells by Joyce Allan. Proceedings of the RZS of NSW 1949–50: 73–74. Iredale, T. 1958.Book review. Cowry Shells of World Seas by Joyce Allan. Proceedings of the RZS of NSW 1956–57: 95–96. Birds of Paradise and Bower Birds (1950)
 Birds of New Guinea, 1956 (Vol.1, 2), Illustrated with 35 plates in colour figuring 347 birds by Lilian Medland
 <mask>, T., 'John (William) Brazier', Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1956, p. 105
 <mask>, T., 'Broinowski's Birds and Mammals of Australia', Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1956
 <mask>, T., 'Scientific Societies in Australia. The Sydney University Chemical Society', The Royal Australian Chemical Institute Proceedings, vol. 27, 1960, pp. 216–217
 <mask>, T. and Whitley, G.P., 'Sir William Dennison as a Conchologist', Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1964, pp.27–30
 <mask>, T., 'Charles Hedley', Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, vol. 88, 1967, pp. 26–31

References

 McMichael D. F. & Whitley G. P. (1956). "The published writing of <mask> with an index of his new scientific names". Australian Zoologist 12: 211–250. Ponder W. F. & Whitley G. P. (1972). "<mask> (1880–1972)".The Nautilus 68: 60-62. External links

1880 births
1972 deaths
People from Workington
Australian ornithologists
English ornithologists
English naturalists
English malacologists
Conchologists
Teuthologists
20th-century British zoologists
20th-century naturalists

masks:
Tom Iredale
Iredale
Iredale
Iredale
Iredale
Iredale
Iredale
Iredale
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Iredale
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<mask> (born May 8, 1947) is an American soccer coach. He has coached youth soccer, high school, college and professional teams. He won Coach of the Year honors in 1984 in the United Soccer League, 1991 American Professional Soccer League and 1998 (Eastern Indoor Soccer League). He won the 1993-94 National Professional Soccer League championship with the Cleveland Crunch. His overall coaching record in professional, collegiate and scholastic soccer is 433-307-28 (.585). Player
In 1965, <mask> graduated from Wall High School in Wall Township, New Jersey, where he was the first captain of the boys' soccer program team. In 2002, he was inducted into the Wall High School Hall of Fame and enshrined in the school's Soccer Hall of Fame in 2009.He then attended Trenton State College (now called the College of New Jersey), where he played on the men's soccer team from 1965 to 1968. In 1965, <mask> and his teammates won the NAIA national men's soccer championship, finishing runner up in 1966. In addition to his four-year soccer career, Hindley spent one season on both the basketball and gymnastics teams and three seasons as an infielder on the baseball team. He graduated in 1969 with a bachelor's degree in education and earned his master's degree in 1970. He was inducted into the school's Athletic Hall of Fame in 2008. He played briefly in the American Soccer League in 1969 and 1971. Coach
In 1970, Hindley became an assistant coach at Middlebury College.In 1974, Trenton State College hired <mask> to coach both the men's soccer and baseball teams. He spent eight seasons at Trenton State, compiling a 92-48-12 record with the soccer team and a 134-123-4 record with the baseball team. In 1982, he left Trenton State to become an assistant coach with the Pennsylvania Stoners of the American Soccer League. At the end of the 1983 season, <mask> was hired as an assistant coach with the Los Angeles Lazers of the Major Indoor Soccer League. In 1984, <mask> became head coach of the Houston Dynamos of the United Soccer League. He took the Dynamos to the championship game, losing to the Fort Lauderdale Sun. Hindley was named the USL Coach of the Year.In 1985, the Dynamo withdrew from the USL and played as an independent team under <mask>'s direction. In 1986, the expansion Memphis Storm of the American Indoor Soccer Association hired <mask> as the team's first head coach. The Storm fired him on Dec. 9, 1986 after a 3–6 start. He then returned to the Lazers where he remained until hired by the Chicago Sting as an assistant coach on Jan. 14, 1987. On Feb. 22, 1988, the Sting fired Erich Geyer and elevated <mask> to head coach. The Sting withdrew from the league and folded after the season. <mask> remained in Chicago where he ran youth soccer camps.In February 1989, the Orlando Lions of the American Soccer League hired <mask>. In 1990, the ASL merged with the Western Soccer League to form the American Professional Soccer League. <mask> and the Lions played the 1990 season in the new league. When the Lions merged with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers in January 1991, the combined team released <mask> who then signed with the Maryland Bays on March 15, 1991. <mask> took the Bays to the top of the league standings and was named the 1991 APSL Coach of the Year. The Bays folded during the off-season and Hindley ran soccer camps in Florida until hired by the Cleveland Crunch of the National Professional Soccer League on Sept. 30, 1992. He guided Cleveland to playoff series wins over the Buffalo Blizzard and Harrisburg Heat before losing the championship to the Kansas City Attack in the final game of a five-game series.In 1994, <mask> coached the American Conference in the NPSL All-Star Game, then took the Crunch to the NPSL championship, defeating Buffalo and Harrisburg and beating the St. Louis Ambush, three games to one for the title. <mask>'s contract with the Crunch ended in 1995 and on April 19, 1995, he was hired by the expansion Cincinnati Silverbacks. In September 1996, he moved to coach the Buffalo Blizzard. The team fired him in March 1997. In February 1998, he became head coach of the Mississippi Beach Kings of the Eastern Indoor Soccer League. He was the 1998 EISL Coach of the Year. Both the Beach Kings and the EISL folded at the end of the season.On Nov. 10, 2000, he was named head coach of the expansion Toronto ThunderHawks of the NPSL. His overall record as a head coach in 14 seasons at the professional level was 433-305-30. In February 2002, <mask> was named Director of Coaching and Player Development for the Knoxville Football Club. In 2008, he moved to the Bay United Soccer Club in Panama City, Florida as coaching advisor and goalkeeper coach. Referee
<mask> was a much noted referee for nearly 25 years and assigned some of the highest level games. As a noted member of the NISOA National Ref Program, he had consistent requests to work the ACC Tournament finals, NCAA and NAIA tournament contests, and as a center for the HS Final Four in Florida. In 1991, he was selected by the Florida Intercollegiate Soccer Coaches Association as the Referee of the Year.High School
From 2009 until 2014, <mask> was head coach of both the boys and girls varsity teams at 1A Port St. Joe High School in Florida. His inexperienced squads compiled a 91-54-13 (.627) record overall with tournament successes at the District and Regional levels of the Florida State Championship series. Since 2018, he has stayed active by coaching the Gulfview HS (Naples, FL) boys for one season and Marco Island (FL) Middle School girls for two seasons, compiling a 14-11-0 (.560) record and one league championship. References

1947 births
Living people
American Indoor Soccer Association coaches
American Professional Soccer League coaches
American soccer coaches
American soccer players
American Soccer League (1988–89) coaches
American Soccer League (1933–1983) coaches
American Soccer League (1933–1983) players
Eastern Indoor Soccer League coaches
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) coaches
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) coaches
United Soccer League (1984–85) coaches
Association football goalkeepers
People from Wall Township, New Jersey
Soccer players from New Jersey
Sportspeople from Monmouth County, New Jersey
Wall High School (New Jersey) alumni
High school soccer coaches in the United States
TCNJ Lions men's soccer coaches
Middlebury Panthers men's soccer coaches
TCNJ Lions men's soccer players

masks:
Gary Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
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Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley
Hindley