text_chunks:
<mask> (born May 23, 1945) is an American retired college basketball coach, who last coached from 2004 through 2010 at the University of Houston. He is from Stratford, Connecticut and has a 649–437 career record. As a college athlete, <mask> played both basketball and baseball for the University of Connecticut, and is one of the few players to have competed in both the NCAA Tournament as well as the College World Series. Prior to his last job as Houston's head coach, <mask> was a sports analyst for ESPN and Westwood One Radio. He also has been the head coach for Tufts, Columbia, Fordham, Rhode Island, Texas, and George Washington. Coach <mask> developed a reputation as both “Turnaround <mask>” and “Tournament <mask>” because he proved that he could turn basketball programs into consistent winners and get the most out of his players in March. He is one of 3 coaches to reach 3 “Sweet 16s” as a double-digit seed in the NCAA basketball tournament, becoming the first NCAA head basketball coach to accomplish that feat with his 1996-97 Texas Longhorns team.Coaching career

High school
Penders posted a 59–10 record as a high school coach at Bullard-Havens Tech and Bridgeport Central High School in Connecticut. He led Bullard-Havens to a 14–6 record in his first season as a head coach. The next year, he guided Bridgeport Central to a 23–2 record and a number two ranking in the state. The following year, he was named the New York Daily News Coach of the Year after leading Bridgeport to a 20–1 mark and a number one ranking. Tufts, Columbia, Fordham

<mask> began his collegiate coaching career at Tufts University in 1971, and compiled a 54–18 record in three seasons. On October 6, 2006, <mask> and his 1972-73 Tufts team were inducted into the New England Basketball Hall of Fame. Next <mask> coached for four seasons at Columbia University.In his final two years there, <mask> led the school to back-to-back winning seasons. After Columbia, <mask> moved to Fordham University where he remained for eight years and compiled a 125–114 record. In 1980–81, <mask> was named the New York Metropolitan Area Coach of the Year after leading Fordham to a 19–9 record. On January 26, 2013, <mask> was inducted into the Fordham Athletic Hall of Fame. Rhode Island
<mask> took over Rhode Island's program on October 4, 1986, two weeks before the regular season began. He was named the Atlantic 10 Conference Co-Coach of the Year after guiding the Rams to a 20–10 record and a berth into the NIT his first year. In 1988, <mask> led the Rams to the 1988 NCAA Sweet 16 with wins over Missouri and Syracuse before eventually losing to Duke.Texas

In his 10 seasons at the University of Texas, <mask> compiled a 208–110 record. During his time there, he became the winningest basketball coach in school history (although now passed by former Texas and now Tennessee coach Rick Barnes). He led the Longhorns to three Southwest Conference championships and eight NCAA Tournament appearances, including an Elite Eight in 1990, and the Sweet 16 in 1997. His teams at Texas averaged 20.8 wins per season, 87.2 points per game, and forced 19 turnovers per contest. When <mask> was hired in 1988, he inherited a team that won 16 games the year before; the Erwin Center (the Longhorns' home court) averaged 4,028 fans per game (in a 16,231-seat arena). Immediately after his arrival, <mask> switched to a more uptempo offense, and called his team the "Runnin' Horns." His first team finished second in the Southwest Conference and earned a bid to the NCAA Tournament.The Longhorns also set 22 school and SWC records while more than doubling their attendance average to 10,011 per game, the largest increase in NCAA Division I. In his final year at Texas, <mask> underwent heart surgery and was unable to coach the first few games of what would end up being a tumultuous season. <mask>’s departure from Texas was the subject of a book, Burned Orange by Kyle Dalton. George Washington
<mask> served as head coach at the George Washington University from 1998 to 2001, where he compiled a 49–42 record and led the Colonials to the NCAA Tournament. <mask> came to Houston after spending three years as an analyst for ESPN and Westwood One Radio. In his first season at the University of Houston, <mask> guided the Cougars to the nation's fourth-best turnaround with an 18–14 overall record and Houston led the nation in turnover margin and set both team and individual school records for most three-point field goals made in a season. In his second season, <mask> led the Cougars to their first 20-win season, first back-to-back winning seasons, and first back-to-back postseason tournament appearances since 1992–93.He also led Houston to back-to-back wins over nationally ranked teams for the first time since the 1984 NCAA Midwest Regional Tournament and their first postseason tournament victory since 1988 in his first two years at the school, in the NIT. Houston finished the 2005-06 campaign with a 2–2 record against nationally ranked teams after beating No. 25 LSU on November 29 and 13th-ranked Arizona December 3 in a nationally televised game on ESPN2. Houston's postseason tournament victory was against BYU in the first round of the 2006 NIT. It also was <mask>’ first career victory in the NIT. Houston led the nation in steals with a 12.4 average, and the Cougars finished second in turnover margin with an average margin of +7.5. <mask> led the Houston Cougars to the Conference USA championship game in 2010 where they defeated UTEP for their first NCAA Tournament berth in 18 years.This made him only the 8th coach to take 4 different schools to the NCAA tournament. <mask> resigned as coach of Houston on March 22, 2010 following a first round loss to Maryland in the NCAA tournament. College playing career
<mask> played both baseball and basketball at the University of Connecticut, where he starred as a center fielder for the baseball team and a point guard for the basketball team from 1964 to 1967. Family
In addition to <mask> and son <mask>, Jr. serving as basketball coaches, his father was a longtime baseball coach at Stratford High School from 1931 to 1968, and led the school to four state championships. His brother, Jim, is the baseball coach at East Catholic High School, and was named the national high school Coach of the Year in 1996. Like his father, <mask> won four state championships. <mask>' two nephews also are collegiate baseball coaches.Jim was named the head coach at Connecticut in 2003 after serving seven years as an assistant coach and playing four years for the Huskies. Rob serves as the head baseball coach at St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. Head coaching record

See also
 List of college men's basketball coaches with 600 wins

References

1945 births
Living people
Baseball players from Connecticut
Basketball coaches from Connecticut
Basketball players from Connecticut
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Columbia Lions men's basketball coaches
Fordham Rams men's basketball coaches
George Washington Colonials men's basketball coaches
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Houston Cougars men's basketball coaches
People from Stratford, Connecticut
Rhode Island Rams men's basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Fairfield County, Connecticut
Texas Longhorns men's basketball coaches
Tufts Jumbos men's basketball coaches
UConn Huskies baseball players
UConn Huskies men's basketball players
Point guards

masks:
Tom Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Tom
Tom
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Coach Penders
Penders
Houston Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Penders
Tommy
Jim Penders
Penders


text_chunks:
<mask> (19 November 1913 in The Hague – 16 February 1983 in Utrecht) was a Dutch painter and graphic artist in the neo-figurative style. Life

<mask> was born as <mask> in The Hague, Netherlands, to Jacobus Lambertus Keizer and his common-law wife <mask>. His father was a painter in the style of the Hague School. As a child, <mask> often accompanied his father when he went into the countryside to paint the Dutch landscape, and he let the child have a go at it too. In his teens Schreurs joined a group of boys who went to the polders for the day, painting and drawing. Afterwards the boys' efforts were seriously examined and commented on by <mask>’s father, who insisted on the importance of perfection and professional skill
. In his adolescence Schreurs lost the sight of his right eye.From then on he had to live without the ability to see depth and perspective. He studied at the Royal Academy of Art and the Free Academy of Visual Art in The Hague. His teachers were Christiaan de Moor and Francis de Erdely. After he had finished his studies, he installed himself as a professional painter, and led the life of a poor but hard-working artist. During World War II he had to go into hiding because he refused to sign the so-called ‘declaration of Aryan descent’ (‘Ariërverklaring’), which the Nazi racial policy required from every artist. From that moment on, he was punishable by law. Schreurs moved to Utrecht in the early 1950s.He led a rather secluded life and refused to become a member of an art society or to conform to any contemporary school of painting. He wanted to develop his own style independently and had no ambition to become a career painter. He also declined the BKR artist subsidy and its forerunners the Dutch state granted to artists from 1949 onwards because he objected to such subsidies in principle. In 1983 Schreurs died of a cardiac arrest. Legacy

Upon his death he left behind over a thousand paintings, gouaches, drawings, etchings and linocuts. His relatives consulted eight experts from prominent Dutch museums, art magazines, and auctioneering firms. These unanimously judged the quality and originality of the work positively; many pieces were judged to be of museum quality.They advised prudent and professional management of the collection. The legacy has been catalogued and can be viewed on a website (see external links below). Painting style

Influences

Schreurs’ style has been visibly influenced by three factors, namely
Loss of eyesight: ophthalmologist dr. Philippe Lanthony from the Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts at Paris has examined how Schreurs’ loss of binocular vision influenced his painting. The inability to see depth and perspective in the usual way forced Schreurs either to avoid painting depth, or to find other solutions. Moreover, monocular vision often stimulates a painter to pay extra attention to the eyes of his figures. Lanthony shows how in Schreurs’ work this effect may be observed in his paintings of figures with very large dark eyes, as well as in his tendency to emphasize and exaggerate differences between the two eyes of his figures. Contact with the underprivileged and the disabled: Schreurs’ life spanned the Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II.For financial reasons Schreurs could only afford as his models the homeless he found at the shelter of the Salvation Army. Moreover, the effects of bombing, razzias, deportation, poverty, the lack of social services and health care, the famine and all of its concomitant scenes of survival of the fittest – at the cost of others – were all visible on the streets. After the war, he saw how the very same mechanisms were still operating, albeit below the surface. His fascination with outcasts and vulnerable people is reflected in many of his paintings, in particular the ones from the last 20 years of his life. Psychological realism: Schreurs’ life spanned not only political and economic upheaval, but also a turbulent period in the Dutch art world. “... he was caught between the legacy of the Hague School and the rise of the Cobra movement. Artistic styles collided, clashed, and overlapped; the central struggle between abstract art and realism was relentless...”, writes art historian Guus van den Hout, “Schreurs was aware of the significance of abstract art movements, and he did not refuse to acknowledge them; the influence of artists such as Picasso, Modigliani and Morandi on his work is undeniable... but as an artist he remained loyal to the realist tradition.”  In his later work, however, in many paintings the figures are severely deformed.These deformations function as a mirror of their inner sufferings and conflicts. That is why art historian Quarles van Ufford has titled her essay The Inside Out. Schreurs once used the term ‘psychological realism’ for these poignant paintings. Although this is a technical term from literary theory, it is an applicable characterisation. Works

Chronology

Although Schreurs only rarely signed and dated his works, Quarles van Ufford shows that the oeuvre can be roughly divided into three periods, each with its own characteristics. 1930–1950: His early paintings are mainly in oil on canvas. The style is naturalistic, some of the works clearly showing the influence of contemporary painters he admired such as Jan Sluijters, Charley Toorop and Constant Permeke.Various art reviewers also connected Schreurs’ early paintings with Hieronymus Bosch and Breughel. The main themes are figures, portraits, still-lives, and religious scenes. The colouring is rather dark, mostly purple, brown, red and sometimes green. 1950–1965: Most works from these years are painted in light colours in acrylic on hardboard. The themes are highly stylized figures and faces, depicted two-dimensionally with their contours in dark outlines, some with elongated necks and/or extremely long and thin limbs. Their atmosphere is mostly quiet, introvert. 1965–1983: In this period, Schreurs returns to themes already present in his earliest work, such as his compassion and his respect for disabled, neglected and demented people.Often the meaning of inner conflicts, despair or impotence is represented by deformation and/or reinforced by the size of the painting. As Van den Hout describes it, “Schreurs confronts the viewer with the harsh reality of existence....Yet they (the paintings) are doing exactly what art should do: they facilitate and encourage understanding, contemplation and reflection.”  Another earlier theme he returned to after 1965 is the suffering of Christ, concentrating on the feet of the Crucified. The works from this third period are however much more poignant and emphasise the connection between the suffering of Christ and the suffering of humanity. Not all paintings from this period are in this confrontational style. Other works radiate a peaceful, introverted, or resigned atmosphere. Graphics

During the last twenty years of his life Schreurs possessed an etching press. He liked experimenting with all kinds of unusual materials in order to create special effects.His graphic oeuvre runs to nearly four hundred pieces and shows a great variety of themes and styles. Exhibitions (a selection)

1943 – Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem, in an exhibition of contemporary art. 1944 – Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, in an exhibition of contemporary art. 1944 – Pulchri Studio, The Hague, in an exhibition of contemporary art. 1949 – Hofwijck, Voorburg
1959 – Achter de Dom, Utrecht
1960 – De Eshof, Norg, Drenthe
1983 – VARA Studio, Hilversum
1992/93 – Jester Art Gallery, Amsterdam
1994 – Stadsmuseum, Woerden
1994/95 – VU University Amsterdam
1995 – Museum De Wieger, Deurne, in an exhibition about the image of Christ in modern art. 1995 – Museum Catharijneconvent, Utrecht, in an exhibition about the image of Christ in modern art. 2000 – Museum ‘Our Dear Lord in the Attic’, Amsterdam
2010 – Dom Church, Utrecht
2011 – CHE University of Applied Sciences, Ede
2012 – Gemeentemuseum The Hague, in Summer Expo.2015 – Museum Arnhem, in an exhibition of artworks bought by the Dutch government. 2019 – Zomerexpo 19, ′De Liefde en de Kunst weerstaan alles′ (digital exhibition of 14 selected works)

References

External links
website dedicated to the work of <mask> Schreurs
website 'save the work of JS from oblivion'
page in dutch national artist database
utrecht artist index
a few works

1913 births
1983 deaths
20th-century Dutch painters
Dutch male painters

masks:
Jaap Schreurs
Schreurs
Jacobus Schreurs
Nelly Schreurs
Jaap
Jaap
Jaap


text_chunks:
<mask> (24 August 1723 – 13 February 1789), 2nd <mask>, also known as <mask> and  Francesco Placido Bartolomeo De Felice, was an Italian nobleman, a famed author, philosopher, scientist, and is said to have been one of the most important publishers of the 18th century. He is considered a pioneer of education in Switzerland, and a formative contributor to the European Enlightenment. Life
<mask> was born in Rome to a Neapolitan family, as the eldest of six children, on 24 August 1723. He was confirmed in 1733 in the parish of St. Celso e Giuliano. At the age of 12, he studied at Rome and Naples under the Jesuits, taught by the Franciscan <mask> Brescia. On 28 May 1746 he was ordained by papal dispensation, whilst also teaching philosophy. Through his studies at the monastery of San Francesco in Ripa, he discovered a love of physics, becoming friends with Celestino Galiani.In 1753, Galiani appointed <mask>lice chair of Ancient and Modern Geography, and the chair of experimental physics and mathematics at Naples University. There he became friends with the Prince Raimondo di Sangro who aided him in his translation of the physicist John Arbuthnot's works from Latin. After rescuing the imprisoned Countess <mask>, Félice and his new wife Agnese fled to Bern, with the help of his friend Albrecht von Haller, due to religious persecution from the Roman Catholic Church in Rome. He then converted to Protestantism. In 1758, he founded with :de:Vincenz Bernhard Tscharner the Typographic Society of Bern, which was an Italian-speaking ( l'Estratto de la europea letterature until 1762) and a Latin (, to 1766) literary and scientific journal. In 1762, after the death of the Countessa di Panzutti due to influenza at Tscharner's residence, Château Lansitz, <mask> moved to Yverdon where he founded an educational institute for young people from all over Europe, and a printing press. The latter quickly developed into one of the most distinguished in Switzerland, producing the Yverdon Encyclopedia, for which <mask> is now famous.In 1769 he became a citizen of Yverdon, and thereby became Swiss. He was married four times and had 13 children: in 1756 to Countess Agnese Arcuato, Countessa <mask> (1720-1759) (whereby his earldom was received suo jure, so Arcuato's previous husband was recorded as the first Count <mask>), in 1759 to Susanne <mask>re Neuchâtel (1737-1769), in 1769 to Louise Marie Perrelet (died 1774), and in 1774 to Jeanne Salomé Sinet. He died in Yverdon-les-Bains. Work
De Felice is considered a significant contributor to education in Switzerland. As editor and translator of Burlamaqui's Principes du Droit Naturel, his name became synonymous with natural law throughout Europe. His most important work is the Encyclopédie d'Yverdon, which he headed as editor and for which he wrote more than 800 articles. From 1770 to 1780 he published 58 volumes, and as the Encyclopédie of Paris had a new version of the Protestant perspective.His other work consists of half a dozen educational, philosophical and scientific books. He translated the works of René Descartes, d'Alembert, Maupertuis and Newton into Italian. In <mask>'s famous printing house, as well as the Encyclopedia, he translated into French works of Elie Bertrand, Charles Bonnet, Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Albrecht von Haller, Gabriel Seigneux <mask>, Samuel-Auguste Tissot, Johann Joachim Winckelmann and other Enlightenment authors. The two magazine projects of the Typographic Society Bern aimed at an international exchange of knowledge. This allowed Tscharner and <mask> to create a correspondent network all over Europe. Portrait
An 18th-century depiction of <mask> is held by the Achenbach Foundation in the San Francisco Museum of Fine Arts. A Latin and 18th century French inscription by one of his sons, Carolus <mask> reads:

He also had a portrait commissioned, done by an unknown artist.The current holder of the portrait, the <mask>lice Duchi Estate, puts this painting as the best representation of <mask> in existence. Works
 Etrennes aux désœuvrés ou Lettre d'Quaker à ses frères et à un grand docteur. 1766th (In this work Felice railed against the so-called philosophers and Voltaire )
 Mémoires de la Société oeconomique de Berne (24 volumes, 1763–72)
 Essay manière la plus sûre d'un système de police établir of grains. Yverdon 1772nd
 Dictionnaire géographique, historique et politique de la Suisse. 2 vols. Neuchâtel 1775th
 Dictionnaire de justice naturelle et civile. 1778th 13 volumes
 Tableau philosophique de la religion Chrétienne, considérée dans son ensemble dans sa morale et dans ses consolations.Yverdon 1779th
 Eléments de la police générale d'un Etat. Yverdon 1781st
 Le développement de la raison . Oeuvres posthumous. Yverdon 1789th
 Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire universel raisonné of connaissances humaines. 42 volumes and 6 supplementary volumes. Yverdon 1770–1776. Reissue: Fischer Verlag, Erlangen 1993,  .(38,000 pages on 257 microfiches.) Further reading
 Full Biography and works of <mask> De Felice
 De Felice Estate Website

Bibliography
 Encyclopédie, ou, Dictionnaire universel raisonné des connoissances humaines (Yverdon, Switzerland. 42 volumes, 6 volumes Supplement, and 10 volumes of plates, 1770–1780), with the assistance of Leonhard Euler, Charles François Dupuis, Jérôme <mask>, Albrecht von Haller, et al. Mémoires de la Société oeconomique de Berne (24 volumes, 1763–72)
 Le Bacha de Bude (1765)
 De Newtonian Attractione, adversus Hambergen (1757)
 Quadro filosofico della religione cristiana (1757)
 Sul modo di formare la mente ed il cuore dei fanciuli (1763)
 Principii del diritto della natura a delle genti (1769)
 Lezioni di logica (1770)
 Elementi del governo interiore di uno stato (1781)

References

http://art.famsf.org/anonymous/fortunatus-de-felice-19633021935 - Link to the print in the Achenbach Foundation

1723 births
1789 deaths
Italian lexicographers
Italian printers
18th-century Italian Jesuits
Writers from Rome
18th-century Italian writers
18th-century Italian male writers
18th-century Italian scientists
Italian Protestants
Italian Historians
Swiss Writers
Swiss Historians
Former Jesuits
Converts to Protestantism from Roman Catholicism
18th-century lexicographers

masks:
Fortunato Bartolomeo de Felice
Cote de Panzutti
Forté Barthélemy de Félice
Fortunato Bartolomeo de Félice
Fortunato da
de Fé
Panzutti
de Felice
Panzutti
di Panzutti
Panzutti
de Wav
de Felice
de Correvon
de Felice
de Flice
de Félice
de Fe
de Felice
Fortunato
Lalande


text_chunks:
Fray <mask> ( 1396–1435) was an Aragonese nobleman and Knight Hospitaller. He was the defending commander at the Siege of Smyrna in 1402 against the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. He later played a key role in the Compromise of Caspe that settled the Aragonese interregnum in 1412. Rhodes and Smyrna

Íñigo was born into a noble family of Logroño. During the rule of Grand Master <mask>, a fellow Aragonese, he spent time at the Hospitaller headquarters in Rhodes. One of three coats of arms carved into the lintel above the doorway to the chapel of Saint George on Rhodes has been tentatively identified as <mask>'s. The other two belonged to Heredia and his lieutenant, Pierre Culant.<mask> rose in the ranks to become lieutenant of the draper (one of the high officials of the central convent), who was also a Spaniard, and then lieutenant to the commander of the island of Kos, where he can be traced between 20 March 1400 and 17 February 1401. <mask> was appointed castellan or captain of Smyrna, a city in western Anatolia and one of the last crusader outposts in Asia, probably on 1 March 1401. Only three documents—22 February, 8 March and 2 May 1402—show him as castellan of Smyrna, but appointment to the office was annual and customarily took place on 1 March. It is for this reason that he is thought to be the castellan in power during the siege of the city in December 1402, since no document that mentions that castellan names him. It would be highly unusual, however, if the castellan in charge in May were not there in December. The lower town of Smyrna, with the harbour and sea-castle, was under the control of the Hospitallers on behalf of the Papacy. The upper town with its fortress was under Ottoman control.In 1400–02, Timur attacked the Ottoman Empire and invaded Anatolia. With the Ottomans utterly defeated and the sultan captured at the Battle of Ankara, he turned on Smyrna. Although the defences had been greatly improved in a series of projects going back to 1392, <mask> had only 200 knights under his command. The siege began on 2 December 1402, and they resisted for two weeks before the walls were breached. At least some of the Hospitallers, <mask> included, reached their ships and managed to escape, while the population was slaughtered. Despite the loss, <mask> received treatment befitting a victor when he landed in Genoa. He informed King Martin of Aragon of the loss of Smyrna by February 1403, perhaps having already returned to Aragon by then.Aragon

Compromise of Caspe

After <mask> returned to Aragon. he was made commander of the fortress of Ricla in 1407. That same year, the Avignonese pope Benedict XIII appointed him ambassador of the Holy See to the court of King Martin I of Sicily in 1407. On 31 May 1410, King Martin of Aragon died and the succession was disputed. It was decided that a parliament of representatives from the three components of the crown—Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia—would meet to settle the issue. When the parliament opened in Calatayud on 8 February 1411, <mask> <mask> escorted the governor and justiciar of Aragon, Juan Ximénez Cerdán and Gil Ruiz <mask>i, respectively, into the assembly. The castellan of Amposta, Pedro Ruiz <mask>, the most powerful Hospitaller in Aragon strongly favoured the candidacy of James II, Count of Urgell.The choice of <mask> to escor the presidents of the assembly may have been designed to show that the Hospitallers were not united behind any single candidate. <mask> was subsequently sent by this parliament as an emissary to Valencia. When a second parliament convened at Alcañiz, <mask> shared responsibility for the defence of the town with the castellan, Guillem Ramon Alemany <mask>, a grand commander of the Order of Calatrava. <mask> attended the final parliament met at Caspe, and was present when the famous compromise was publicly read on 28 June 1412. He and Guillem Ramon were then charged with bringing the news to the newly elected king, Ferdinand I. He kissed the king's hand at the ceremony of proclamation and took the oath of homage on behalf of the Aragonese kingdom. He was probably present at the coronation in the Seo de Zaragoza on 11 February 1413.Trial of the castellan of Amposta

The castellan of Amposta refused to recognise the new king. Ferdinand thus suspended him from the castellany in 1413, and placed it under the regency of Íñigo. The Catalan corts that met in Tortosa in 1413 summoned <mask> as "the regent of the Castellany of Amposta" (regenti Castellaniam Emposte). He was still regent in Amposta as of 11 January 1416, but shortly thereafter Pedro Ruiz was deposed and Gonzalo <mask> appointed in his place. In 1414, a tribunal was convoked by Benedict XIII to try Pedro Ruiz. The tribunal was not limited to his refusal to obey Ferdinand and accept the compromise of Caspe. <mask> and another Hospitaller, Pascasi <mask>, prior of Monzón, were charged by the tribunal with conducting an inquiry "into the said lord Fray Pedro, castellan, and his houses and rooms in various places in the said castellany" (in dicto domino fratre Petro, castellano, et suis castris seu cameris ac locis dicte Castellanie).In the process of this inquiry into his lifestyle and business dealings, the Hospitallers took down the testimony of 67 witnesses. In the end, Pedro Ruiz was convicted of everything from concubinage to robbery. Following the removal of Pedro Ruiz and the promotion of Gonzalo <mask>, <mask> replaced Gonzalo as commander of the castle at Aliaga. He was seriously ill when, on 3 April 1427, an administrator was appointed for him. He was still ill seven years later on 16 August 1434, when the grand master, a Catalan, Antoni <mask>, expressed concern. He is last mentioned on 28 March 1435. References

Bibliography

14th-century births
15th-century deaths
15th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon
Christians of the Crusades
Knights Hospitaller
Medieval Smyrna
People from Logroño
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown

masks:
Íñigo de Alfaro
Juan Fernández de Heredia
Íñigo
Íñigo
Íñigo
Íñigo
Íñigo
Íñigo
Íñigo
Íñigo
de Alfaro
de Lihor
de Moros
Íñigo
Íñigo
Íñigo
de Ceó
Íñigo
Íñigo
de Funes
Íñigo
de Morralla
de Funes
Íñigo
de Fluà


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 17 August 1987) is an Irish professional footballer who plays  for Icelandic team Þróttur Vogum. <mask> left his home town of Aghagallon in 2000 to join the Manchester United Academy, after four years he was released and was signed by Hampshire club Portsmouth. He went out on loan to AFC Bournemouth, Luton Town and Yeovil Town to gain first team experience before making his Premier League debut on boxing day in 2008. After Portsmouth were relegated to the Football League in 2010 <mask> was named as club captain. In August 2010 he joined Stoke City in a deal which saw Stoke duo Liam Lawrence and Dave Kitson join Pompey. He converted to left back under Tony Pulis and in his first season at Stoke he played in the 2011 FA Cup Final as Stoke lost 1–0 to Manchester City. <mask> was a regular in 2011–12 as Stoke played in the UEFA Europa League.He suffered a broken leg in October 2012 which saw him miss most of the 2012–13 season. He became used as a back-up player under Mark Hughes and left Stoke in August 2016 to join Bournemouth. <mask> got his first call up to the Republic of Ireland senior squad for their game against Brazil in March 2010, and made his first appearance as a substitute in February 2011 during the 3–0 Nations Cup win over Wales. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born in Aghagallon near Lisburn and started out playing association football with Lisburn Youth and Gaelic football with St Paul's Lurgan High School and St Mary’s Aghagallon GAA. Whilst playing GAA <mask> scored a goal in the 2001 McDevitt Cup Final. <mask> decided to concentrate on his football with Lisburn Youth and earned a place in Manchester United's centre of excellence. He spent four years in Manchester before joining Portsmouth in 2004 at the age of 16.Portsmouth

In his early years at Portsmouth, he played regularly for the reserve team and was loaned out to other clubs on four occasions. In March 2006 he made his League One debut with Yeovil Town in a 2–0 win away to Walsall. In 2007, he spent two separate spells at AFC Bournemouth, making 26 league appearances and scoring three goals. In November 2007 he also had a brief loan spell at Luton Town which was cut short when the club went into administration. On 7 July 2008, <mask> signed a new three-year contract at Portsmouth. He made his Pompey debut coming on as a substitute for Richard Hughes in a 4–0 League Cup 3rd round loss to Chelsea on 24 September 2008. <mask> excelled playing at right-back on his first start for Portsmouth in a 3–0 UEFA Cup victory over Heerenveen.On Boxing Day 2008, <mask> started his first Premier League match in the 4–1 loss at home to West Ham. On 5 August 2009, it was revealed that <mask> had been involved in an alleged bust-up with fellow team-mate David Nugent during Portsmouth's pre-season trip to Portugal. Both players were sent home and consequently fined two weeks wages by the club. In 2009–10 <mask> became a first choice player in the Pompey side that was relegated and reached the FA Cup final although <mask> himself did not play in the final due to injury. Though his performances as a central defender earned him criticism, he impressed after returning to his natural position of centre midfield towards the end of the season. On 5 February 2010 <mask> signed a new three and a half-year contract to stay at Portsmouth to the end of the 2012–13 season. After Portsmouth's relegation to the Championship <mask> was handed the number 6 shirt after previously wearing 35 and was named as captain.At 22 years old he became one of the youngest permanent captains in the club's history. However manager Steve Cotterill revealed that <mask> was close to a transfer to Premier League side Stoke City. Stoke City

<mask> signed for Stoke City on 31 August 2010 player-plus-cash exchange deal which saw Liam Lawrence and Dave Kitson move in the opposite direction to Football League Championship club Portsmouth. <mask> made his City debut on 13 September 2010 against Aston Villa, despite playing well and making some good passes <mask> seemed to be struggling with the physicality of Villa's midfielders Stiliyan Petrov and Nigel Reo-Coker and was substituted just after half time. He completed his first full 90 minutes against Manchester United on 24 October 2010. His performance earned praise from manager Tony Pulis. "He was smashing.He passed the ball well and looked a quality player, he's one for the future, without a question of doubt". <mask> scored his first goal for City in a 2–0 win away at Blackburn Rovers on 26 December 2010. He then produced man of the match displays against Manchester United and Cardiff City at the beginning of 2011. Since joining Stoke, <mask> has shown his versatility and has occupied three positions – centre midfield, right back and due to injury to Danny Higginbotham and Danny Collins in poor form has also played mostly at left back. <mask> played in every FA Cup match, at left back, as Stoke reached the 2011 FA Cup Final. Prior to the final, <mask> was not on the losing side in 14 FA Cup matches. However his run was ended as Stoke lost the final 1–0 to Manchester City.<mask> continued to play at left back during the 2011–12 season and was branded by Tony Pulis as 'Stoke's unsung hero'. <mask> played in 45 matches for Stoke in 2011–12 including six in the UEFA Europa League as Stoke finished in 14th position. <mask> began the 2012–13 season in fine form but on 27 October 2012 he suffered a broken fibula playing against Sunderland. Just before his injury <mask> had signed a new three-year contract. He returned to training in January 2013. He made his return from injury against Fulham on 23 February 2013. He ended the season with 20 appearances to his name as Stoke finished in 13th position and at the end of the campaign manager Tony Pulis was replaced with Mark Hughes, which was met with approval from <mask>.Following the signings of Erik Pieters and <mask>, assistant manager Mark Bowen stated that <mask> could revert to a midfield position in 2013–14. As expected <mask> began the season in a centre midfield spot and he stated that he is enjoying the change in style under Hughes. He failed to hold down a regular place in midfield and after spending a few months on the bench he returned to the starting line-up in December 2013, playing at centre-back after injury to Robert Huth. <mask> continued to play alongside Ryan Shawcross in centre of defence until the end of the 2013–14 season as Stoke finished in 9th position. <mask> played 30 times for Stoke in 2014–15 as Stoke again finished in 9th position. <mask> was the only Stoke player to be sent-off in the Premier League during the season after he received two yellow cards against Swansea City on 2 May 2015. On 30 January 2016 <mask> suffered a knee injury in a FA Cup match against Crystal Palace ruling him out for up-to six months.<mask> made ten appearances in 2015–16 making just one league start. Prior to the start of the 2016–17 season, <mask> cast doubt over his future at Stoke after he criticised manager Mark Hughes on social media. AFC Bournemouth
<mask> re-joined Bournemouth on 15 August 2016 signing a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He scored his first goal in his most recent spell at the club in a 2–1 EFL Cup win over Morecambe on 24 August 2016. After being a peripheral figure at Dean Court, <mask> re-joined Tony Pulis at West Bromwich Albion on 31 January 2017 on loan for the remainder of the 2016–17 season. He made his debut for West Brom on 6 May 2017, starting in a 2–2 draw against Burnley. Sunderland
<mask> joined Championship side Sunderland on 31 August 2017 on a free transfer.At the end of the 2017–18 season, following Sunderland's relegation, he was released by the club. Bolton Wanderers
On 24 July 2018, he joined Bolton Wanderers on a one-year contract, becoming Wanderers manager Phil Parkinson sixth new addition of the close season. He made his debut for Bolton on 14 August 2018 in an EFL Cup defeat against Leeds United at Elland Road. In his first full league start for Wanderers against Ipswich Town on 22 September 2018 he was red-carded in the first half of the game for bringing down Ipswich striker Kayden Jackson. Coaching career
In April 2021, <mask> joined Icelandic side Þróttur Vogum as player-coach where his former Portsmouth teammate Hermann Hreiðarsson is manager. International career
<mask> was involved in an ongoing dispute between the Irish Football Association (who represent the Northern Ireland national team) and the Football Association of Ireland (who represent the Ireland national team) over international eligibility. He has been quoted as saying: "I think everybody has their own personal reasons for wanting to play for the Republic or the North.I grew up supporting the Republic so it was a comfortable decision for me." Northern Ireland
<mask> played for Northern Ireland at under-15 level before switching allegiances to the Republic. Republic of Ireland
<mask> later represented the Republic of Ireland at various youth levels including under-18, under-19
 and under-21. <mask> received his first call up for the international side for a friendly against Brazil in March 2010, but did not feature in the game. He earned his first cap for the Republic as a second-half substitute in the 2011 Nations Cup against Wales in February 2011. In January 2012 new Northern Ireland manager Michael O'Neill offered <mask> a chance to switch allegiances again but <mask> rejected his offer. On 16 October 2012, he scored his first international goal in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying match in a 4–1 away win against the Faroe Islands with an impressive 25-yard shot with his right foot.He continued at left back throughout the 2014 World Cup qualifying campaign but Ireland failed to qualify. In Martin O'Neill's first game as Irish manager against Latvia, O'Neill converted <mask> to centre back partnering John O'Shea. Ireland won the match 3–0. <mask> continued at centre back against Serbia. <mask> started in O'Neill's first competitive game as Irish manager against Georgia. Ireland won 2–1 thanks to a superb last minute winner by Aiden McGeady. <mask> started in the memorable 1–1 draw against Germany in Gelsenkirchen.On 23 May 2016, Martin O'Neill announced that <mask>, who was named in the Republic of Ireland's initial 35-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016, had been ruled out of the campaign through injury. O'Neill told a press conference at the FAI National Training Centre: "<mask> has had a setback. The best thing for him is to take four or five weeks off. He will be out." Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
Ireland score listed first, score column indicates score after each <mask> goal.'' Honours

Club
Portsmouth:
 FA Cup runner-up: 2009–10

Stoke City:
 FA Cup runner-up: 2010–11

Republic of Ireland
Nations Cup: 2011

Individual
 Stoke City coaching staff's player of the year: 2012

See also
 List of Republic of Ireland international footballers born outside the Republic of Ireland

References

External links

(Note: the soccerbase records are shared over two different pages)

1987 births
Living people
Gaelic footballers who switched code
Sportspeople from County Armagh
People from Lurgan
Irish expatriate sportspeople in England
AFC Bournemouth players
Luton Town F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C.players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Association footballers from Northern Ireland
Republic of Ireland international footballers from Northern Ireland
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
Republic of Ireland youth international footballers
Republic of Ireland international footballers
English Football League players
Premier League players
People educated at St Michael's Grammar School, Lurgan
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
FA Cup Final players

masks:
Marc David Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Marc Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Marc Muniesa
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Marc Wilson
Wilson


text_chunks:
<mask><mask> is an American ecosystem ecologist, biogeochemist, and professor at Duke University. Bernhardt studies the effects of land use change, global change, and chemical pollution on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and is the co-author of an award-winning text book on biogeochemistry. She also served as the president of the Society for Freshwater Science from 2016 to 2017. Education and early career
Bernhardt received her Bachelor of Sciences degree in biology with a minor in chemistry from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 1996. Her love for nature, including hiking in the Appalachian Mountains, as well as many research experiences as an undergraduate (including an REU at University of Michigan Biological Station) inspired her to become an ecologist. In her final year at UNC, Bernhardt was awarded an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to pursue a PhD at Cornell University, co-advised by Cornell faculty Bobbi Peckarsky and Institute of Ecosystem Studies director Gene Likens. Bernhardt conducted her dissertation research at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, in New Hampshire, USA, studying how headwater streams modify watershed nutrient export.Bernhardt also conducted research in Venezuela and Chile during her graduate career. While presenting a poster at the Ecological Society of America conference, Bernhardt met her future postdoctoral advisor, Bill Schlesinger, who was a professor at Duke University at the time and offered her a position on the spot. As a postdoc, Bernhardt continued to work on nitrogen cycling, however, this time focusing in the rooting zones of pine trees in poorly drained soils rather than in streams. She returned to working in aquatic systems as a postdoc in 2002, organizing the National River Restoration Science Synthesis under guidance from Margaret Palmer and Dave Allen which resulted in a highly-cited publication in the journal Science. As a postdoc in Palmer's lab, Bernhardt also organized the Ecological Society of America's "Visions" project which identified future priorities for ecological sciences in the 21st century, stating that "Ecological knowledge can and must play a central role in helping achieve a world in which human populations exist within sustainable ecological systems". Career
Bernhardt became a professor at Duke University in 2004 in the Department of Biology, and as of 2019, has mentored 15 graduate students and 11 postdocs while at Duke. Broadly, Bernhardt and her lab members research how ecosystems retain and transform elements and energy and how these ecosystem processes may be changing as the result of human activities.The ecosystems that Bernhardt studies include both aquatic and terrestrial systems, and her lab strives to make their research applicable to "political, legal and regulatory discussions about the protection and management of ecosystems". Stream ecosystem function
Bernhardt started studying stream ecosystem function beginning in graduate school, when she examined how headwater streams modify watershed nutrient export at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, and she has continued to work on questions related to stream ecosystem function throughout her career. Bernhardt and colleagues synthesized over 37,000 stream restoration projects across the US to identify the common elements of successful restoration projects finding that on average greater than one billion US dollars are spent on stream restoration each year since 1990. Most stream restoration projects are small in scale and cost (~$45k) but poorly reported, and collectively, these small projects' costs are greater and their impact is broader than higher-cost projects, and Bernhardt and colleagues urged for better effort to collect and disseminated data on small restoration projects. Leveraging long-term datasets at Hubbard Brook and other sites, Bernhardt and her colleagues have studied the effects of climate change and whole-ecosystem experimental treatments on watershed nitrogen export. Bernhardt and colleagues have leveraged a network of in situ sensors and created a database for hosting open-access stream sensor datasets to address questions relating to stream ecosystem function. There work has primarily focused on variation and patterns of stream metabolism across hundreds of U.S. streams, but plan to expand to measure and host data from streams globally.Mountaintop coal mining

Funded by the National Science Foundation from 2014 to 2017 and from the Foundation for the Carolinas, Bernhardt and her colleagues have studied the impacts of mountaintop removal mining with valley fills (MTMVF) on stream ecosystems. Mountaintop removal mining uses explosives to remove up to 400 vertical feet of mountain to expose underlying coal seams for extraction and excess rock is dumped into nearby valleys where headwater streams reside. It's estimated that nearly 1,800 miles of headwater streams have been buried by mountain top mining since 1990. Bernhardt's research showed that the extent of surface mining in West Virginia catchments was highly correlated with stream sulfate concentrations and ionic strength, causing biological impairment when only 5.4% of a stream's contributing catchment is occupied by surface coal mines. In 2005, 22% of West Virginia's regional stream network length drained catchments with >5.4% of their surface area converted to mining operations. Bernhardt and colleagues have also shown that mountaintop removal mining can have significant impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, for example, they estimate that previously forested mine sites would take around 5,000 years for a hectare of reclaimed mine land to sequester the same amount of carbon that is released when the coal is extracted and burned. Bernhardt's lab has also used trace elements found in fish otoliths as biogenic tracers to track coal ash contamination in affected lakes, marking the first time that strontium isotope ratios have been used to track coal ash's impacts in living organisms.Bernhardt wrote an article for PBS in which she explained what Clean Coal is and some of the myths behind clean coal, ending with an urge to use the label 'clean energy' more sparingly. Scientific training and culture
In addition to writing about scientific results, Bernhardt also writes about scientific career trajectories, academic training, science culture, and work–life balance in academic positions across many career stages. In an article in The Chronicle of Higher Education, Bernhardt and co-authors urge scientists to prioritize intellectual curiosity, societal impact, and creativity rather than focusing only on traditional academic success metrics (e.g. H-index). As president of the Society for Freshwater Science, Bernhardt wrote an essay titled "Being Kind" which was featured in the journal Nature. In this essay, Bernhardt addresses two issues surrounding the Society for Freshwater Science 2017 annual meeting, 1) concerns of the meeting being held in North Carolina after the state passed the controversial Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act, and 2) reported incidents from Society for Freshwater Science members in which senior scientists said unpleasant of hurtful things to junior members at annual meetings. Bernhardt expresses her disgust of both issues and offers her thoughts on how to amend the culture within the Society for Freshwater Science, focusing on a quote that was popular on Twitter stating, "Everyone here is smart, distinguish yourself by being kind."Bernhardt goes on to reflect on specific instances in her career when her mentors and colleagues expressed kindness to her and how those acts impacted her graduate school experience and career trajectory. She encourages everyone to counteract implicit biases by being kind to everyone with whom we interact, ending the essay with an unofficial and aspirational motto for the 2017 SFS meeting of "Everyone here is smart and kind". Awards
 Fellow of the Ecological Society of America (2018)
 Bass Society Fellow of Duke University (2017)
 Mercer Award for best paper by scientists under 40 by the Ecological Society of America (2015). Marcelo Ardón was lead author. Link to paper. Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, (Germany) (2015)
Leopold Leadership Fellow (2015)
 International IGB Fellowship in Freshwater Sciences, Leibniz-Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany (2014)
Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from the Text and Academic Authors Association for Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change, Third Edition (2014)
Yentsch-Schindler Early Career Award, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (2013)
 Thomas Langford Lectureship, Duke University (2010)
 Outstanding Postdoctoral Mentor Award, Duke University Postdoctoral Association (2008)
NSF CAREER Award for New Investigators (2005)
 Hynes Award for New Investigators from the Society for Freshwater Science (2004)

Publications

Books
Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change, Third Edition

Selected journal articles
 <mask>, E.S., et al. 2005.Synthesizing US river restoration efforts. Science 308: 636–637
 <mask>, E.S. and Palmer, M.A., 2007. Restoring streams in an urbanizing world. Freshwater Biology, 52(4), pp. 738–751. <mask>, E.S., et al.2007. Restoring rivers one reach at a time: results from a survey of US river restoration practitioners. Restoration Ecology, 15(3), pp. 482–493
 Bernhardt, E.S. and Palmer, M.A., 2011. River restoration: the fuzzy logic of repairing reaches to reverse catchment scale degradation. Ecological applications, 21(6), pp.1926–1931. Personal life
Bernhardt is married and has two children. References

American ecologists
Women ecologists
American limnologists
University of North Carolina alumni
Duke University faculty
Biogeochemists
Cornell University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women limnologists
Presidents of the Society for Freshwater Science

masks:
Emily S
. Bernhardt
Bernhardt
Bernhardt
Bernhardt


text_chunks:
<mask> (born ) is a Bangladeshi magician and bansuri player. He is a veteran of the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war that culminated in the birth of his country. Early life
<mask> was born in Barisal District, a southern district of Bangladesh. He was the fifth of nine children born to businessman Bijoy Kumar (B.<mask> and homemaker <mask>. He was fascinated by the art of magic from a young age, and his interest continued to grow when a gypsy man performed some magic during a visit to <mask>'s family home. He married Pasha Khoshnu daughter of Professor Darbesh Ali Khan,who was a popular teacher of Political science  department at Dhaka University.They married on 23 July 1985 and the couple has a daughter named Kheya.After marriage, Pasha khoshnu became known as Bipasha <mask>. Both wife Bipasha and daughter Kheya are seen on stage during performances by <mask>. Naming
His full name is Gouranga <mask>. In earlier times, he was known as G.L<mask>. After the liberation war of Bangladesh, Mr. <mask> started to write regularly in "Kishore Bangla", a newspaper for youngsters. Back then this newspaper was the only one of its kind.<mask> received letters from his fans around the country. One young fan from Rajshahi would send mails addressing him as "<mask>" instead of "G.L. <mask>". Finding the name easy, he chose to use it and took permission from his family. Then G.L<mask> became known as <mask>. Participation in Liberation War
In 1971, <mask> and his family were in the middle of the Bangladesh Liberation War.He had left his studies by then. Later <mask> took part in combat with other freedom fighters. He fought under Sector 9. While he was in Bahadurpur (Nadiya) West Bengal, India freedom fighters’ camp, he started teaching students in refugee camps and inspiring the children and the freedom fighters. He also showed magic to entertain and inspire the children of the camp. Education
In 1956, <mask> was admitted to "Samade Kati Primary School". Later in 1962, he got admitted to "Pirojpur Government High School" in class VI.He completed his Secondary School Certificate examination SSC in the year 1967. Then he would complete his Higher Secondary Certificate HSC from"Pirojpur College", in 1969. Then he enrolled in Jagannath University in Dhaka. Due to the Pakistani invasion, he was unable to sit for his B.A final examination in 1971. He joined the liberation war from his home village. After the Independence of Bangladesh, he received a bachelor's degree from Jagannath University  in 1972. He also learned about classical music in Dhaka and went to the United States of America to study film making.Career
The art of magic attracted him very early in his life. He first saw magic performed by a gypsy man who came to the family house with his company. Soon afterward a circus party came to a nearby village. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, he fought for Bangladesh. After becoming ill, he taught in refugee camps. He was invited to America by the Society of American Magicians to perform a show. After Bangladesh's independence he joined his own village's "Samade Kati High School".He first joined as a teacher and then had to take charge as the Principal. He taught there from 1972 to 1977. Professional career
He was fascinated by magic from a young age. When he saw a gypsy man performing some magic during a visit to Aich's village, he was immediately hooked by the art of it. After that he encountered a circus performing in a nearby village, Aich saw a magician perform a trick where it appeared that he had cut the neck of his assistant. He was so impressed by the trick that he designed a special knife which he later demonstrated to his friends by "cutting off" a friend's leg. By the time he enrolled in college; his name had already spread through his district as a magician.He was an amateur performer back then. Magician Abdur Rashid of Lion Circus in Pirojpur was someone who first taught <mask> some tricks. Later on, <mask> would perform all over the world. Also as a performer, he was motivated by the great Charlie Chaplin and began to convey the message of global brotherhood through magic. Such a unique initiative made <mask> more famous. 26 March 1986. The Bangladesh Government requested <mask> to perform Magic on the Eve of the Independence day celebration.People came to know the fact. The National Stadium became full to the brim. <mask> successfully performed in front of a One hundred thousand people audience, with millions of viewers on television. TV appearance
In 1977, a popular Bangladeshi TV host at that time, Abdullah Abu Syed, invited <mask> to perform magical his show. This was  <mask>'s first televised show. He would appear in many more television shows such as – "Ananda  Mela," Ityadi etc. Later he did several of his own TV specials at BTV Bangladesh Television and one of those became the Programme of the Year named ‘Anandamela, Magic World of <mask>ch’

Popular illusions
 Bipasha Suspended on a Flute
 Buzz Sawing (Cutting Bipasha in half with a Buzz Saw)
 Flying Carpet
 Snowstorm
 Dream of a flood victim mother.Full moon in stormy night. Laughter of spring after shedding leaves in the winter. Flower Garden from Nowhere
 Giant Disecto

Major illusion invention
Cutting Bipasha with an electric Saw
Any audience member levitates on the Flying Carpet
Cutting Comedy. A volunteer comes onto the stage, his head is decapitated with a Giant  Disecto
The Full Moon in a Stormy Night
Dream of a Flood Victim Mother
The Man with X-Ray Eyes
Magic of Art
The Laughter of Spring after shedding leaves in the Winter
Snowstorm in Canda
A huge flower garden on the floor of the full stage from nowhere

Music
Aich is also an expert flutist. He learned from Ustad Abdur Rahman,  Profullo Masid and his son Montu Masid. From the year 1973, he began to display his talent of tune by playing flute on the Dhaka Radio, Bangladesh, Kolkata Radio India, Radio Beijing (China) DoyeseVelle (Germany) BBC (UK) VOA (USA) etc. Publications
Aich has co-written books., and also popular articles in many books, magazines and the highest circulated daily newspapers.<mask> has published two books  totally written by himself,  I am behind the veil (Antaroler Aami) and The magic of winning in life (Jeebon  Joyer  Jadoo). Charitable activities
<mask> has performed countless shows to raise funds to create schools for underprivileged children in rural areas and slums. He has done shows for the treatment of cancer patients, patients of kidney disease and has raised funds to build eye hospitals. Environmental campaigns. Support of blood donation with Dhaka Medical College organization called "Shondhani", eye donation; He is working with National Daily Newspaper Prothom Alo's Campaign "Say NO to Drugs". He is involved with multiple projects of the Acid Survivor Foundation of Bangladesh. He actively helps the victims affected by natural calamities such as floods, cyclone etc.by performing to raise funds. From the very start of his career, he has been involved with UNICEF's Save The Children Foundation And as a result is now a celebrity Goodwill Ambassador of UNICEF Bangladesh. <mask> and his wife Bipasha <mask> are both the first Bangladeshi couple body donors for Medical Research. Memberships
 UNICEF's Celebrity Goodwill Ambassadors
 Magic Circle London, UK. International Brotherhood of  Magicians, USA. Acting
ChutirGhonta "When The Bell Rang" (1980) as himself
Humayun Ahmed's Television Drama Eishob Din Ratri as himself
"Shonar Kathi Rupar Kathi" by Atiqul Haque Chowdhury
13 No Bording House

Awards
 Ekushey Padak (1993)
 Quazi Mahabubullah Gold Medal Award (1989). The International Conference trophy of Society of American Magicians Boston Massachusetts 4 July 1981, USA.Best Illusionist Award, ‘Channel I’ Performance Award  Dubai, UAE (2003)
 Magic Federation's Reception held for Jewel Aich (28 December 2017)
 Plaque In Appreciation to Jewel Aich Presented by Mayor Annette Strauss Dallas, USA (1988). Dhaka Club Ltd. Award for being honored with Ekushey  Padak 21 February 2009
 Independence Day Trophy to the Great Magician Jewel Aich, 18 March 2019
 Golden Jubilee Celebration Trophy 1964 – 2014 of Bangladesh television
 Honor to the Great Jewel Aich 1987 Moytree Social Welfare Association
 Sher e Bangla Padak 27 April 1997
 CJFB (The Cultural Journalists Forum of Bangladesh) Lifetime Achievement  Award in 2008. References

1950s births
Living people
People from Barisal District
Bangladeshi magicians
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak

masks:
Jewel Aich
Aich
K ) Aich
Saraju Aich
Aich
Aich
Jewel Aich
Lal Aich
. Aich
Aich
Aich
Jewel Aich
Aich
. Aich
Jewel Aich
Aich
Jewel Aich
Jewel Aich
Aich
Aich
Jewel Aich
Jewel Aich
Jewel Aich
Aich
Aich
Jewel Ai
Jewel Aich
Jewel Aich
Jewel Aich
Aich


text_chunks:
<mask>, ex-wife of former Liberian President <mask>, was born on 27 September 1965 in Liberia. On 2 June 2017, she was arrested in London by the Metropolitan Police and charged with torture on the grounds of her suspected involvement with the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NFPL) rebel group, which was led by her ex-husband, during the First Liberian Civil War, from 1989 to 1996. Exile
As the second Liberian civil war broke out in 1999, <mask> was appointed by <mask> to serve as Permanent Representative of Liberia to the International Maritime Organization, which headquarters in London, from 1999 to 2005. In 2003 the Security Council Committee established in resolution 1521 a list of Liberian individuals and entities subject to a travel ban and included <mask>. In 2007 she was granted asylum in the UK, while she was still on the travel ban list, which was updated to include her location as being in the United Kingdom. She was removed from the travel ban list in 2012. She settled in the UK, where she worked as a lecturer at the London School of Commerce and Coventry University.Her residence in the UK allowed the UK authorities to arrest and charge her, based on universal jurisdiction laws, with the crimes she allegedly committed in Liberia. Charges
She was charged with seven counts of torture allegedly committed in Gbarnga, in northern Liberia, and in Gborplay, in north-eastern Liberia. The torture charges were brought under section 134(1) of the UK Criminal Justice Act 1988. She was also charged with one count of conspiracy to commit torture between 23 December 1989 and 1 January 1991, under section 1(1) of the UK Criminal Law Act 1977. Gbarnga had served as the headquarters of <mask>'s NPFL during the first Liberian civil war. A final peace agreement led to the election of <mask> as President of Liberia in 1997. The eight counts <mask> <mask> faced concerned events in 1990 as the first civil war raged across Liberia.·     The charge of conspiracy to commit torture related to her alleged facilitation of the rape of captive women by soldiers in <mask>'s rebel forces (NPFL)

·     Three of the torture charges related to her alleged infliction of "severe pain or suffering", including assaults, on a 13-year-old child soldier. ·     She was also allegedly involved in the torture of a “pastor’s wife” who resisted being raped by one of <mask>'s commanders. She allegedly "ordered that the woman be tied [in a manner that caused pain amounting to torture]. The defendant then shot and killed the woman's two young children, saying ‘See if you refuse an order this will happen'." Anges <mask> denied involvement in any crimes. She was held in pre-trial detention in the UK from 2 June 2017 until her release in 2019. Dismissal
On 6 December 2019 the Central Criminal Court (The Old Bailey) in London decided to dismiss the charges against <mask> <mask>.The Court's decision came after the UK Supreme Court confirmed, in a historic judgment on 13 November 2019, that members of non-State armed groups may be prosecuted for crimes of torture under section 134(1) of the UK Criminal Justice Act 1988, thus legally paving the way for the case against <mask> <mask> to proceed to trial. However, after rendering its judgment, the UK Supreme Court sent the case back to the Central Criminal Court to consider further evidence from the prosecution's expert and apply the legal standard confirmed by the Supreme Court to the facts of the case. In order for a member of a non-State armed group to be prosecuted for torture, the group must have been exercising “governmental functions”. The Central Criminal Court ruled that the evidence presented by the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) failed to prove that the NPFL had the requisite authority over the relevant territory at the time the crimes in question were committed. Therefore, the Court dismissed the case. However, in its decision, the Court noted that “there is prima facie evidence that she held a high rank in the NPFL and (…) carried out, whether personally, or by giving orders, or by acquiescing in, the acts of torture (…) which took place in, or on the border of, Nimba County." Thus, <mask> was not found innocent.Civitas Maxima and the Monrovia-based Global Justice and Research Project (GJRP) provided the initial information to the UK authorities which led the Metropolitan Police to conduct an investigation into <mask> <mask> for several years. UK law allows the CPS in these circumstances to return to court if further evidence of government-like control is gathered. It remains to be seen if CPS will do this. Her return to Liberia
Seven months after the dismissal of her case, <mask> <mask> returned to Liberia. Although she had claimed asylum in the UK, her application to settle there permanently was refused under a Home Office rule that there were serious reasons to consider that she had, amongst other things, committed a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity. Upon her return in Liberia, <mask> <mask> stated in a press conference on 27 July 2020 that it was “one of the misconceptions that was out there” that she was “looking for asylum” in the UK, and claimed that she “got asylum in the UK in 2007.” In her written press statement issued the same day, she claimed that: “I have returned home to the land of my birth to also contribute to the building of our nation. I am a Liberian with deep love for my country and people.Those of you who know me can attest to this. I am no stranger to many well-meaning Liberians as I was born here, grew up here and went to school and university (The University of Liberia) here”. In her press conference and written press statement, she also accused the organisations and witnesses who assisted the UK authorities with their investigation and prosecution of her of colluding and lying, and taking part in “a grand mischievous and vicious scheme to destroy [her]” in “the hope of financial gain”. She also accused the British Police of arresting her before conducting any investigation: “they arrested me first and began to investigate several months later”. <mask> <mask>'s return in Liberia provoked a lot of discussion in the press and on social media. A founding member of the National Patriotic Party (NPP), George Mulbah, wrote on his Facebook page: “The National Patriotic Party welcome the founding mother of the party Mrs. <mask> <mask> to Liberia. <…> Join me to welcome <mask> to Liberia”

Controversies
During the press conference, <mask> <mask> said some problematic comments regarding human rights defenders, which prompted an immediate reaction from international human rights organisations, including Human Rights Watch, Center for Justice and Accountability, Centre for Civil and Political Rights, Civil Society Human Rights Advocacy Platform of Liberia, Civitas Maxima, Independent Human Rights Investigators, The Advocates for Human Rights, The Global Justice and Research Project who released a joint statement reminding the Government of Liberia of its obligation to protect human rights defenders, and of the United Nations Human Rights Committee's Concluding Observations, issued in 2018.The UN body said that the Government of Liberian should make certain that “all alleged perpetrators of gross human rights violations and war crimes are impartially prosecuted and, if found guilty, convicted and punished in accordance with the gravity of the acts committed.”

The Human Rights Committee's Observations required Liberia to report by 27 July 2020 on the implementation of the recommendations regarding accountability for past crimes. Liberia has not met this deadline. References

Liberian women
1965 births
Living people

War crimes
Torture
Rape

masks:
Agnes Reeves Taylor
Charles Taylor
Agnes Reeves Taylor
Charles Taylor
Agnes Taylor
Charles Taylor
Charles Taylor
Agnes Reeves
Taylor
Charles Taylor
Charles Taylor
Reeves Taylor
Agnes Reeves
Taylor
Agnes Reeves
Taylor
Reeves Taylor
Agnes Reeves
Taylor
Agnes Reeves
Taylor
Agnes Reeves
Taylor
Agnes Reeves
Taylor
Agnes Reeves
Taylor
Agnes
Agnes Reeves
Taylor


text_chunks:
<mask> (born Concepción Andrés Picado; September 11, 1911 – April 22, 2007) was a Spanish model, dancer, stage and screen actress. She was educated in a convent in Madrid. Multitalented
<mask> first worked professionally as a model for the famous painter Ignacio Zuloaga y Zabaleta. During her childhood, she learned classical and Spanish dance. She was credited with revolutionizing the presentation of Spanish dances. <mask> turned from dancing to dramatic acting and starred in numerous productions. She attained theatrical fame in Hollywood, France, and Germany by the time she was 13 years old.At the age of 16, she starred in the French film La Femme et le pantin (1928), directed by Jacques de Baroncelli. Screen success

<mask> came to Hollywood in June 1930 with a contract at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. She was 17 years old and could not speak English; however, in three months time, <mask> became fluent enough to play the leading female part of Tamea Larrieau, Leslie Howard's love interest in the film Never the Twain Shall Meet (1931). Never the Twain Shall Meet is the English language version of a story written by Peter B. Kyne and was directed by W.S. Van Dyke. Before this performance, <mask> had been cast in special Spanish-language versions of MGM movies, such as Call of the Flesh and Love in Every Port (both 1930). The former starred Ramon Novarro, and the latter featured José Crespo.<mask>'s next screen project was Strangers May Kiss (1931) starring Norma Shearer and Robert Montgomery, with <mask> in the ingenue role as "Spanish Dancer." By mid-1931, <mask> had left MGM and signed with Fox Film Corporation. Train wreck
In August 1931, <mask> was aboard the Southern Pacific Argonaut (passenger train) when the train derailed near Yuma, Arizona, two trainmen were killed in the crash. Luckily for <mask>, she was riding in the second section along with actors Warner Baxter and Edmund Lowe. Forty others among the film company also riding in that section were spared injury when the second section missed hitting the first. The steam engine, two cars of the baggage car section, and a day coach overturned after the train struck a roadbed which had been softened by rain. The Argonaut was en route to a location shoot for The Cisco Kid (1931), in Tucson.<mask>'s character, "Carmencita," was the primary female role and source of strife between the Lowe and Baxter characters. Fox starlet
In 1931, Fox Films selected three of its own stars in opposition to the thirteen actresses chosen as WAMPAS Baby Stars, sponsored by the Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers. The three were <mask>, Helen Mack, and Linda Watkins. Eleven Fox publicity men resigned in protest of the WAMPAS Baby Stars decision to eschew naming any Fox starlets among its list of actresses most likely to achieve success. In addition, Fox promised to name budding stars, or "Fox debutante stars", annually. Montenegro was sometimes featured in stage shows which coincided with the screening of film premieres. One such instance was the premiere of A Passport To Hell, starring Elissa Landi.The movie debuted at the Loew's Kings Theater in August 1932. <mask> provided the vaudeville entertainment beforehand. On another occasion, she teamed with Teddy Joyce in the stage show for the opening of The Kennel Murder Case (1933). The film screened at the Warner Brothers Hollywood Theater. Together with Will Rogers, <mask> performed an Adagio for Strings number prior to the premiere of Handy Andy (1934). <mask>'s movie career in America continued until 1940. That year, she performed the leading female part in Eternal Melodies (Melodie eterne), an Italian production.The story focused on the unrequited first love of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, played by Gino Cervi. Playing Aloisa Weber, Montenegro jilts the composer in this Italian language production. Private life

<mask> applied for US citizenship in Chicago, Illinois, on March 16, 1932. She married a Brazilian actor, Raul Roulien, in Paris, France, on September 19, 1935. The couple toured South America and produced a motion picture called Jangada (1936). The film dealt with the customs of primitive peoples in South America. Another of Roulien's films, El grito de la juventud, which debuted in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 24 September 1939, was much better known.A short time later Montenegro and Roulien were divorced. In 1944, Montenegro married the Spanish diplomat Ricardo Giménez Arnau, a senior member of the far right Falangist Party and Ambassador to the Holy See. Following a rare interview with Montenegro shortly before her death, Spanish author José Rey Ximena claims in his book, El Vuelo del Ibis [The Flight of the Ibis] that British actor Leslie Howard, with whom Montenegro had an affair after the pair starred together in Never the Twain Shall Meet (1931), used Montenegro to get close to Spanish leader Francisco Franco after being given the special mission by Winston Churchill to meet and urge Franco not to enter World War II on the side of the Axis powers. Montenegro claimed that she used her husband's influence to secure a meeting between the British actor and the caudillo while Howard was in Spain on a lecture tour to promote film in May, 1943, shortly before Howard lost his life when the civilian plane of which he was a passenger on a return flight to England was shot down by German Luftwaffe crashing into the Bay of Biscay. After filming several movies in Spain, the last of which was Lola Montes (1944), Montenegro retired from the cinema. She died in Madrid on April 22, 2007. Selected filmography
 The Woman and the Puppet (1929)
 Strangers May Kiss (1931)
 Love in Every Port (1931)
 Never the Twain Shall Meet (1931)
 The Cisco Kid (1931)
 Forbidden Melody (1933)
 Parisian Life (1936)
 Lights of Paris (1938)
 Cristobal's Gold (1940)
 Eternal Melodies (1940)
 Idols (1943)
 Lola Montes (1944)

References

Bibliography
 "Films Please Spanish Star After Stage," The Gettysburg Times, Monday, November 14, 1932, Page 5."Conchita Applauded," Los Angeles Times, July 11, 1931, Page A7. "Film Debutantes Make Bow In Row," Los Angeles Times, August 24, 1931, Page A1. "Talented Actress Stars On Screen," Los Angeles Times, August 19, 1932, Page A9. "Stage Star Conchita," Los Angeles Times, October 25, 1933, Page 11. "Musical Bill Now on View," Los Angeles Times, December 5, 1949, Page B9. External links

 Photographs of <mask> <mask>
 , ,  Some videos with photographs and fragments of movies. Bio and complete movies list

1911 births
2007 deaths
Spanish film actresses
Spanish silent film actresses
Spanish stage actresses
Spanish female dancers
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Spanish female models
20th-century Spanish singers
20th-century Spanish women singers

masks:
Conchita Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro
Conchita
Montenegro


text_chunks:
<mask><mask> M.D. C.M. D.P.H. O.ST.J. E.D. (July 13, 1912 – December 22, 2011) served as an officer with the Canadian Forces during World War II, was a member of several important U.N. Committees, was a Canadian Delegate to the Fourth Geneva Convention (1949), was a member of the Canadian Delegation to the I.A.E.A.(1952), an Assistant Deputy Minister of the National Department of Health Canada (1971), and the Deputy Minister of Health of New Brunswick (1971–1976)

History

Early years: 1912–1938
<mask> was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, on July 13, 1912. He graduated from Queen's University Medical School in 1939. He spent a short time as a physician at East General Hospital in Toronto before joining the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps. The war years: 1939–1945
<mask> spent much of World War II as the District Medical Officer attached to the Canadian Forestry Corps north of Inverness, Scotland. He treated patients at the Dunrobin Auxiliary Hospital located on the 2nd floor of Dunrobin Castle. Patients of interest during this time included Air Vice Marshal Collishaw, a World War I Air Force ACE, and Philip Mitford, a member of the famous Mitford family.Postwar cleanup: 1945
Towards the end of the War, Watkinson returned to Canada to become trained to join a Canadian Hygiene Unit in post-war Europe. Following VE Day, from May 1945 - July 1945, Watkinson took command of various Canadian Field Hygiene Units in Germany and Holland, including Oldenburg, Groningen, and Utrecht. Watkinson's units were on the front lines of the allies post-war humanitarian efforts in Displaced Persons Camps, P.O.W. Camps, and Slave Labour camps in the area. In late 1945, Watkinson was discharged from the R.C.M.A.C. after six years of service. Watkinson continued serving the Reserve Army, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in 1950 as commander of a casualty clearing station.He relinquished command in 1953. Civilian life: 1946–1956
In 1946, Watkinson took various positions with the Department of Occupational Health in Ottawa. During this period, Watkinson declined a position offered to him over lunch by Tommy Douglas, the Premier of Saskatchewan, popularly known as the "father of Canada’s Medicare plan", to head up a new health unit in Swift Current. 1949 - Geneva Conventions
During January and February 1949, Watkinson worked with members of External Affairs and National Defence for the Revision of the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. In late March, the Deputy Minister of National Health asked Watkinson to be a member of the Canadian Delegation to the Diplomatic Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, for the Revision of the Geneva Conventions. The head of the delegation was Emile Vaillancourt, Canadian Ambassador to Yugoslavia. During this period, Watkinson also began researching Seal Finger, a crippling infection of the forefinger afflicting the sealers of Newfoundland, Norway, and Finland.1950 - Cold War
During the beginning of the Cold War in 1950, <mask>'s attention was directed to Civil Defence duties with the Civil Defence Health Planning Group. In May, 1950, Watkinson took over the supervision of nuclear uses across Canada. 1953 - coronation of Q.E.II
In the spring of 1953, <mask> was invited to again join the Canadian Delegation to the annual meeting of the International Labour Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. At this time, he was also invited to attend the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. 1955 - thalidomide crisis and atomic radiation
In 1955, Watkinson was appointed Chief of Occupational Health by Paul Martin, Minister of Health and father of Paul Martin (Jr.), who served as Prime Minister of Canada from 2003 to 2006. During his tenure he presided over the thalidomide crisis and was instrumental in awakening Canadians to the dangers of smoking cigarettes. More and more of Watkinson's professional time was taken over by dealing with the effects of atomic radiation.Colleagues of Watkinson's included Sir John Cockcroft, Candau (Director of the World Health Organization), Cipriani, and W. Lewis. 1956 - United Nations
In 1956, Watkinson was appointed by Paul Martin to head of Canada's interests at U.N.S.C.E.A.R. – the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Watkinson spent two years as vice-chairman of this committee. During this time, the Suez Crisis broke out, and another member of the Canadian delegation to the U.N., Lester B. Pearson, proposed the creation of a U.N. Peace-Keeping force, which peacefully resolved the Suez situation and for which Pearson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957. 1962 - anti-smoking
In 1962, Watkinson was appointed Assistant Director of the Health Services Branch of the Health Department of Canada. Watkinson's health duties included being constantly aware of new hazards to the public health.<mask>'s gave his attention to the possible effects of cigarette, pipe and cigar smoking on the health of Canadians. A study of the health of war veterans, made earlier by his Department, had shown a relationship among tobacco smokers with certain lung and heart diseases. Also, a well-known British epidemiologist, Doll, had just published a report on his studies of the effects of smoking on the health of smokers. On the basis of these investigations, Watkinson finally decided that it was necessary for a Canadian program to counter the effects of tobacco smoking. <mask> was a pioneer in educating Canadians to the dangers of smoking through a new national campaign. He also called the presidents of all of the major Canadian tobacco companies to Ottawa to discuss the issue and encouraged Tobacco farmers to search for another suitable crop. 1966 - International Joint Commission
In 1966, <mask> was appointed chairman of several advisory boards to the International Joint Commission concerning the environmental health of the Great Lakes.The recommendations by the International Joint Commission were later embodied in an agreement between Canada and the United States on Great Lakes water quality. <mask> was invited to the signing of the agreement in Ottawa in April, 1972 by Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada and Richard Nixon, President of the United States. 1966 - Order of St. John
In 1966, Watkinson was awarded as an Officer (Brother) in the Order of St. John at Government House in Ottawa. 1971 - Assistant Deputy Minister of Health, Canada
January, 1971, Watkinson was appointed Assistant Deputy Minister and head of the Health Services Branch of the National Department of Health. The Department consisted of three Branches – Health Services, Hospital Services and Medical Services. 1972 - Deputy Minister of Health, New Brunswick
As the new Deputy Minister of Health for New Brunswick, Watkinson was tasked with preparing a document for Cabinet setting out proposals for new hospitals in Moncton, Fredericton and Saint John. In the following six years, Watkinson oversaw the construction of additions to the Georges Dumont in Moncton (15 million dollars), a new hospital in  Fredericton – the Dr. Everett Chalmers Hospital (45 million) and a new hospital in Saint John, costing over a hundred million dollars.One controversial episode during his tenure that found Watkinson reported on by national media was the connection of Reye's Syndrome with the spraying of pesticides on spruce trees by the forestry industry. Another episode was the riots caused by Watkinson's decision to close certain rural hospitals due to the increasing costs of Canada's new national medicare program. In 1976, Watkinson retired from public service and moved to the Toronto area, where he lived with his wife, Dorel, was cherished by his son John Stephen <mask>, his daughter-in-law Marja Kristiina Kimppa <mask>, and his many grandchildren. He continued to extol the virtues of public service until his death on December 22, 2011. He enjoyed the pleasures of life each day but with moderation; he celebrated his Platinum Jubilee (70th) marriage anniversary to his wife, Dorel, in 2009. Publications
The 1949 Guide to the Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases received a favourable review in 1950 by the American Journal of Public Health. Canadian Army Service (1929–1953)
 1929–1932 - Lieutenant- Sault Ste.Marie Regiment (Machine Gun)
 1932–1939 – (Captain and Adjutant), Queen’s University, Canadian Officers Training Corps,  (C.O.T.C. ), Kingston, Ont. 1939–1940 – (Captain, R.C.A.M.C. ), Medical Officer, Kingston Military Hospital
 1940–1941 - Ottawa Military Hospital
 1941–1942 – (Major) President, Standing Medical Board, Petawawa Military Camp
 1942–1945 – Over-seas, W.W.II. Major, R.C.A.M.C. 1950–1953 – (Lieut.-Col) Officer Commanding No. 48 Casualty Clearing Station, Ottawa.1951–1953 – Sec. Treas., Defence Medical Association of Canada
 August 6, 1969 – Placed on Retirement list of the Canadian Army. Decorations
 Officer Brother, Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Defence Medal – World War II
 Canadian Volunteer Service Medal and Clasp – World War II
 War Medal - World War II
 Centennial Decoration – 1967
 Queen’s Silver Jubilee Decoration – 25 Years Reign – 1977
 Efficiency Decoration – 20 years Army service – 1944 (World War II service counted double time). Notes

People from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Canadian military doctors
1912 births
2011 deaths

masks:
Ernest A
. Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson
Watkinson


text_chunks:
<mask> () (23 April 1899 – 3 August 1979) was a Swedish economist and politician. He was a professor of economics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1929 to 1965. He was also leader of the People's Party, a social-liberal party which at the time was the largest party in opposition to the governing Social Democratic Party, from 1944 to 1967. He served briefly as Minister for Trade from 1944 to 1945 in the Swedish coalition government during World War II. He was President of the Nordic Council in 1959 and 1964. <mask>cher–Ohlin model, which he developed together with Eli Heckscher. He was jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1977 together with the British economist James Meade "for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements".Biography
<mask> <mask> was raised in Klippan, Scania with seven siblings where his father Elis was a civil servant and bailiff. His mother Ingeborg influenced him with her left-liberal views on the society, with nordic partnership and Karl Staaff as her role model. Having received his B.A. from Lund University 1917 and his MSc. from Stockholm School of Economics in 1919. He obtained an M.A. from Harvard University in 1923 and his doctorate from Stockholm University in 1924.In 1925 he became a professor at the University of Copenhagen. In 1929 he debated with John Maynard Keynes, contradicting the latter's view on the consequences of the heavy war reparations payments imposed on Germany. (Keynes predicted a war caused by the burden of debt, <mask> thought that Germany could afford the reparations.) The debate was important in the modern theory of unilateral international payments. In 1930 <mask> succeeded Eli Heckscher, his teacher, as a professor of economics, at the Stockholm School of Economics. In 1933 <mask> published a work that made him world-renowned, Interregional and International Trade. In this Ohlin built an economic theory of international trade from earlier work by Heckscher and his own doctoral thesis.It is now known as the Heckscher–Ohlin model, one of the standard model economists use to debate trade theory. The model was a break-through because it showed how comparative advantage might relate to general features of a country's capital and labor, and how these features might change through time. The model provided a basis for later work on the effects of protection on real wages, and has been fruitful in producing predictions and analysis; <mask> himself used the model to derive the Heckscher–Ohlin theorem, that nations would specialize in industries most able to utilize their mix of national resources efficiently. Today, the theory has been largely disproved, yet it is still a useful framework by which to understand international trade. In 1937, <mask> spent half a year at the University of California, Berkeley, as a visiting professor. Later, <mask> and other members of the "Stockholm school" extended Knut Wicksell's economic analysis to produce a theory of the macroeconomy anticipating Keynesianism. <mask> was party leader of the liberal Liberal People's Party from 1944 to 1967, the main opposition party to the Social Democrat Governments of the era, and from '44 to '45 was minister of commerce in the wartime government.His daughter Anne Wibble, representing the same party, served as Minister of Finance from 1991 to 1994. In 2009, a street adjacent to the Stockholm School of Economics was named after Ohlin: "Bertil Ohlins Gata". Heckscher–Ohlin theorem

The Heckscher–Ohlin Theorem, which is concluded from the Heckscher–Ohlin model of international trade, states: trade between countries is in proportion to their relative amounts of capital and labor. In countries with an abundance of capital, wage rates tend to be high; therefore, labor-intensive products, e.g. textiles, simple electronics, etc., are more costly to produce internally. In contrast, capital-intensive products, e.g. automobiles, chemicals, etc., are less costly to produce internally.Countries with large amounts of capital will export capital-intensive products and import labor-intensive products with the proceeds. Countries with high amounts of labor will do the reverse. The following conditions must be true:
 The major factors of production, namely labor and capital, are not available in the same proportion in both countries. The two goods produced either require more capital or more labor. Labor and capital do not move between the two countries. There are no costs associated with transporting the goods between countries. The citizens of the two trading countries have the same needs.The theory does not depend on total amounts of capital or labor, but on the amounts per worker. This allows small countries to trade with large countries by specializing in production of products that use the factors which are more available than its trading partner. The key assumption is that capital and labor are not available in the same proportions in the two countries. That leads to specialization, which in turn benefits the country's economic welfare. The greater the difference between the two countries, the greater the gain from specialization. Wassily Leontief made a study of the theory that seemed to invalidate it. He noted that the United States had a lot of capital; therefore, it should export capital-intensive products and import labor-intensive products.Instead, he found that it exported products that used more labor than the products it imported. This finding is known as the Leontief paradox. Awards and decorations
   Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star (4 June 1965)

See also
 Contributions to liberal theory
 Ohlin Report (1956)
 Faustman–Ohlin theorem

Significant publications

 The German Reparations Problem, 1930
 The Cause and Phases of the World Economic Depression. Report presented to the Assembly of the League of Nations Geneva: Secretariat of the League of Nations; 1931. Interregional and International Trade, 1933
 Mechanisms and Objectives of Exchange Controls, 1937

Sources
 Encyclopædia Britannica Online "International trade"
 NobelPrize.org "Why Trade?" Chapter 60 The Heckscher–Ohlin (Factor Proportions) Model

References

Further reading

External links

  including the Prize Lecture on 8 December 1977 1933 and 1977 – Some Expansion Policy Problems in Cases of Unbalanced Domestic and International Economic Relations
 Bertil Ohlin
 Bertil Ohlin Institute
 Ohlin's life
 Academician RACEF, Spain
 Presentation: THE YOUNG OHLIN ON THE THEORY OF INTERREGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE
 IDEAS/RePEc

1899 births
1979 deaths
People from Klippan Municipality
Swedish economists
Liberals (Sweden) politicians
Members of the upper house of the Riksdag
Leaders of political parties in Sweden
Lund University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Stockholm University alumni
University of Copenhagen faculty
Stockholm School of Economics faculty
Trade economists
Nobel laureates in Economics
Swedish Nobel laureates
Swedish social liberals
Stockholm School of Economics alumni
Members of the lower house of the Riksdag
Monetary economists
Financial economists
Keynesians
Macroeconomists
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star

masks:
Bertil Gotthard Ohlin
Ohlincks
Bertil
Ohlin
Ohlin
Ohlin
Ohlin
Ohlin
Ohlin
Ohlin
Ohlin


text_chunks:
<mask> (June 11, 1873 – April 2, 1951) was a St. Louis, Missouri lawyer and  civic booster. He has been described by the National Park Service as the "father of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial," which was renamed as the Gateway Arch National Park in 2018. In the 1930s, he conceived of the idea of a memorial to President Thomas Jefferson in Saint Louis, the starting point of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and opening of the West through the city. He chaired the Association to develop the memorial for nearly 15 years, every year but one from 1934 through 1949, after the design competition had been completed and the winner Eero Saarinen selected for his "Gateway Arch". Construction of the Gateway Arch started in 1963, after <mask>'s death; it fulfilled his vision of a symbol of the city to represent its role with the American West. Early life
<mask> was born in Downers Grove, Illinois. He attended prep school at Williston Northampton School in Easthampton, Massachusetts graduating in 1890; Amherst College, where he was a classmate of Harlan F. Stone, future Chief Justice of the United States; and  a year ahead of Calvin Coolidge and Dwight W. Morrow.He graduated in 1894 and earned a law degree at Washington University in St. Louis in 1897. He volunteered with the Third U.S Volunteer Engineers during the Spanish–American War (1898). St. Louis Booster
After the war <mask> started a law practice in St. Louis. He also became active in various civic functions; in 1914 he started the pageant-Masques on Art Hill in Forest Park. The outdoor pageants gradually were developed as The MUNY theatre, an open-air forum. <mask> was appointed by the mayor as the chairman of the City Plan Commission in 1916. The Commission hired Harland Bartholomew as city planner that year, making St. Louis the first city to have such a full-time position.During the Great War (World War I), he volunteered and served as a captain in the field artillery. After the war <mask> turned his attention again to the development of center city St. Louis. He worked on establishing the Memorial Plaza—a collection of landmark buildings including the Civil Courts Building and Kiel Auditorium. Gateway Arch National Park
In the 1920s his Amherst school-mate Calvin Coolidge, then President of the United States, appointed him to a federal commission to supervise design and construction of the George Rogers Clark Memorial in Vincennes, Indiana. In the 1930s during the Great Depression, the United States was considering construction of a memorial to Thomas Jefferson, as part of recognizing inspirational leaders. (Eventually the Jefferson Memorial was built at the Tidal Basin in Washington, D.C.) <mask> said that while riding a train back to St. Louis from a meeting on the Clark memorial, he was inspired by thinking that the Jefferson memorial should be placed on historic property in St. Louis where the expansion to the west had occurred. Building a memorial would provide an excuse to improve what had become a dowdy waterfront since the decline in passenger riverboats and some freight river traffic.<mask> pitched the idea to Mayor Bernard Dickmann. The two pitched the idea again to civic leaders. <mask> was appointed by the mayor as the chairman of the committee to investigate further. The committee was developed as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association and was formally chartered in April 1934. <mask> served as its chairman for every year except one until 1949, after the Association's selection of the design for the Gateway Arch by Eero Saarinen following a design competition. The original plan called for the Arch project to be jointly financed by the federal government and city of St. Louis, with the intention of revitalizing the historic heart of the city. The proposed project required clearing 40 blocks in the heart of St. Louis, which were mostly outdated old buildings, which had not yet been designated as of historic interest.The total costs were expected to be  $30 million, an amount that was greeted by considerable opposition. However, voters on September 10, 1935, approved a $7.5 million bond issue for the project. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order on December 21, 1935, authorizing the Department of Interior to acquire and develop the memorial. The federal government acquired the property via condemnation rather than negotiated sales. Court cases as owners challenged condemnation delayed the process. But the entire  site was cleared by May 1942. Further work was delayed due to priority needs of World War II.In 1941 <mask> chaired a state organizational committee to develop the Missouri Plan, which promoted non-partisan selection of judges. During the war, <mask> was asked about his vision for the Gateway site. He said there should be "a central figure, a shaft, a building, an arch, or something which would symbolize American culture and civilization." In 1946 <mask> worked to raise $225,000 for an architecture design contest for the Memorial, to attract the best talents in the international field. He personally donated $40,000 of the amount. In 1948 he wrote to contest winner Eero Saarinen, an architect from Finland:
It was your design, your marvelous conception, your brilliant forecast into the future, that has made the realization of the dream possible – a dream that you and the wonderful genius at your command and the able assistance of your associates are going to achieve far beyond the remotest possibility that we had dared visualize in the beginning. <mask> died in 1951; the Arch construction began in 1963.He was buried at historic Bellefontaine Cemetery in north  St. Louis. The Arch was completed in 1965. In 2018, the park was renamed as the Gateway Arch National Park. References

"<mask> <mask>: Founder of a Memorial", Museum Gazette], National Park Service, Retrieved January 12, 2008

External links

1873 births
1951 deaths
People from Downers Grove, Illinois
Lawyers from St. Louis
Williston Northampton School alumni
Amherst College alumni
Washington University School of Law alumni
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
Missouri lawyers
Burials at Bellefontaine Cemetery

masks:
Luther Ely Smith
Smith
Luther Ely Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Luther Ely
Smith