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<mask> () (born June 9, 1938) is a retired Georgian politician and military commander with high-profile involvement in the Georgian Civil War early in the 1990s when he commanded the National Guard of Georgia and served as a Defense Minister until being gradually sidelined by Eduard Shevardnadze who had earlier been invited to lead the nation after a successful coup d'etat launched by Kitovani and his allies against President Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Early life and career

Born in Tbilisi, Kitovani graduated from the Tbilisi Fine Arts Academy and taught at a boarding school in the town of Tetritsqaro, and then worked as a main painter for the Tbilisi State Advertising Bureau between 1967 and 1969. Kitovani entered the national politics early in 1990 when the independence movement reached its climax in then-Soviet Georgia. Elected to the Supreme Council of Georgia the same year, he was closely associated with Zviad Gamsakhurdia, a Soviet-era dissident who went on to become the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council and eventually the President of Georgia in 1991. In December 1990, Gamsakhurdia decreed the creation of the National Guard of Georgia and appointed Kitovani as its head. However, the two men collided in August 1991, when Gamsakhurdia sacked him as National Guard commander. Kitovani subsequently claimed that Gamsakhurdia was intending to disband the National Guard, and had been ordered to do so by the leaders of the Moscow Putsch who had briefly taken power in the Soviet Union, but did not produce the documents he claimed to possess confirming this.Kitovani refused to accept his dismissal and left Tbilisi with most of his troops to entrench himself in the Rkoni Gorge. This was the beginning of the end for Gamsakhurdia, whose inflexible politics forced many of his former supporters into opposition. Military coup and civil war

The confrontation between pro- and anti-Gamsakhurdia factions quickly degenerated into a series of strikes and armed clashes, and eventually, <mask>, joined by Gamsakhurdia’s former Prime Minister <mask> Sigua and the paramilitary leader Jaba Ioseliani, launched a violent coup in December 1991. Ioseliani, as well as Gamsakhurdia’s supporters and some independent observers, claimed that <mask> hired some Soviet/Russian troops stationed in Tbilisi to join the attack on the government. On January 2, 1992, the deposition of Gamsakhurdia and the formation of the Military Council had been announced with <mask> and Ioseliani as its leaders. Gamsakhurdia had been forced into exile by January 6, 1992, and the coup leaders invited the former Soviet foreign minister Eduard Shevardnadze to head the post-coup provisional government – the State Council – in March 1992. As a result of the power-sharing arrangement that was eventually struck between Ioseliani, Kitovani, Sigua and Shevardnadze, <mask> remained the commander of the National Guard and retained a considerable influence on decision making.In May 1992, Shevardnadze appointed Kitovani Minister of Defence and Deputy Prime Minister in an effort to bring the National Guard under central control. However, both Kitovani and Ioseliani were reluctant to concede power to Shevardnadze and tended to engage in unilateral actions, and in doing so frequently conflicted with each other. The first and most obvious of such actions was taken by Kitovani during a planned military operation against Gamsakhurdia’s supporters who had formed pockets of armed resistance in western Georgia and had taken Georgian government officials hostage. On the night of August 13, 1992, <mask>’s force entered the autonomous republic of Abkhazia, whose leadership had taken a series of steps towards secession from Georgia, in order to establish control over the region’s railways sabotaged by Gamsakhurdia's loyal militias. Although this operation and show of force resulted in the eventual release of the hostages, Kitovani, acting most probably on his own initiative, proceeded towards Abkhazia’s capital of Sukhumi and forced the Abkhaz leaders into flight. Shevardnadze failed to have <mask>’s force withdrawn from Abkhazia and the country became involved in a thirteen-month-long war which would end in Georgia’s loss of control over most of Abkhazia. Another version of these events, often quoted in Georgia, says that Russia, while supporting the Abkhaz, also instigated Kitovani to trigger the conflict and perhaps even promised support for his leadership ambitions in Georgia after a successful operation.Later, Shevardnadze would accuse Kitovani of provoking an armed conflict in Abkhazia, claiming that Kitovani disavowed his order and advance with his military to Sukhumi. Kitovani however blamed Shevardnadze for preventing him from following up an offensive on Sukhumi with an attack on the Abkhaz stronghold in Gudauta, home to a Russian military base which supplied the secessionist forces with instructors and munitions. Shevardnadze’s successor as President of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, has also accused Kitovani of being a "Russian agent" and blamed him for the loss of Abkhazia. Conflict with Shevardnadze

During the war in Abkhazia, Kitovani developed a power centre rivalling Shevardnadze’s and on several occasions challenged Shevardnadze, now Head of State, on defence matters, suggesting that he should be responsible only for foreign policy. <mask> stood as a candidate in Georgia's parliamentary elections of October 11, 1992 and was elected in the single-mandate constituency of Bolnisi. In the aftermath of the elections, Shevardnadze attempted to replace him as Minister of Defence with a professional soldier, General Anatoli Kamkamidze, but was unable to do so. Amid persistent rumors that he was planning a new military coup, <mask> was finally forced into resignation in May 1993 – though a protégé, Gia Karkarashvili, was named as his replacement, and he was able to retain some of his power – partly, according to widespread rumours in Tbilisi, through his control over Georgia’s "energy mafia" and his "special relationship" with Russian defence minister Pavel Grachev.However, Shevardnadze was able to exploit the military setback in Abkhazia to embark on a crackdown on the paramilitary groups and ultimately their leaders. After the pro-Gamsakhurdia rebellion had been quashed with Russian aid by December 1993, Shevardnadze was able to increasingly consolidate his power and deprive both <mask> and Ioseliani of influence over national security policy. After spending some time in Russia, Kitovani returned to Tbilisi and, together with <mask> Sigua and Boris Kakubava, leader of a faction of ethnic Georgian IDPs from Abkhazia, founded the National Front for the Liberation of Abkhazia in the autumn of 1994. On January 13, 1995, <mask>, with the support of <mask> Sigua, led a force of some 700 lightly armed supporters in a march against Abkhazia. They were stopped by Georgian police and arrested. Kitovani was tried for having organized an unlawful armed force and sentenced to eight years' imprisonment in October 1996. He served four years of his eight-year term and was pardoned by Shevardnadze on medical grounds on May 22, 1999.Emigration and return

Since early 2000s, <mask> has lived in Moscow from where he harshly criticized the Shevardnadze government on several occasions. In February 2002, he responded scandalously to the mysterious suicide of Nugzar Sajaia, Shevardnadze’s close ally and an influential Chairman of Georgia’s National Security Council, making allegations that Sajaia was a homosexual and had ordered the 2001 murder of journalist Giorgi Sanaia. Later that year, <mask> accused Shevardnadze of being behind the 2002 assassination of Kakhi Asatiani, a businessman and former soccer star. He also upheld Russia’s claims that some 700 Chechen fighters had spent that winter in Georgia’s Pankisi Gorge. He further claimed that Russian General Gennady Shpigun, abducted and killed in Chechnya in 1999/2000, was in fact held captive and put to death in Pankisi, with the body then taken to southern Chechnya. Georgia dismissed all these claims, however. Georgian Prosecutor-General Nugzar Gabrichidze claimed that Kitovani had been in close contact with National Guard veterans who staged a failed mutiny on March 23, 2003.Kitovani, however, denied any links with the mutiny. Kitovani returned to Tbilisi, in December 2012, after the change of government in the aftermath of the October 2012 parliamentary election. In early 2014, President Giorgi Margvelashvili stripped him of his Georgian citizenship. Notes

References
Jonathan Wheatley (2005), Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution: Delayed Transition in the Former Soviet Union. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., . Bruce Parrott (1995), State Building and Military Power in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. M.E.Sharpe, . Karen Dawisha, Bruce Parrott (1997), Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Cambridge University Press, . David Darchiashvili, "Georgian Defense Policy and Military Reform", in: Bruno Coppieters (2005), Statehood and Security: Georgia After the Rose Revolution. MIT Press, . 1938 births
Living people
Politicians from Tbilisi
Svan people
Government ministers of Georgia (country)
Generals from Georgia (country)
Generals of the Defense Forces of Georgia
Leaders who took power by coup
Military personnel from Tbilisi

masks:
Tengiz Kitovani
Kitovani
Tengiz
Kitovani
Kitovani
Kitovani
Kitovani
Kitovani
Kitovani
Kitovani
Kitovani
Tengiz
Kitovani
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<mask> (born 7 July 1970) is a Nigerian-Canadian professional basketball executive and former player and is the president of basketball operations of the Toronto Raptors in the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a modest playing career, <mask> became a scout in 2002, first for the Orlando Magic and then the Denver Nuggets. In 2008, he joined the backroom staff of the Toronto Raptors. <mask> returned to the Nuggets in 2010 as general manager and executive vice president of basketball operations, and helped turn the team's fortunes around, returning them to the playoffs. As a result, he was named the NBA Executive of the Year in 2013. The following season, <mask> returned to the Raptors as general manager. In the summer of 2016, <mask> relinquished his title as general manager to Jeff Weltman and accepted the position of president of basketball operations.Weltman was later succeeded by Bobby Webster as general manager a year later. As president, Ujiri worked to usher in a period of sustained success, helping the team win its first NBA championship in 2019. Early life
<mask> was born in Bournemouth, England, to a Nigerian family. His parents were foreign students in England. With the family moving back to Nigeria when he was two years old, he grew up in Zaria, Nigeria. <mask>'s father, a hospital administrator and nursing educator, is an Isoko from Aviara in Delta state, while his mother, a doctor, is a Kenyan from Machakos County. He originally played association football as a youth before stating his interest in basketball as a 13-year-old playing with friends on outdoor basketball courts in northern Nigeria.This interest was fed by American sports magazines and VHS tapes of NBA games or basketball movies. He admired Hakeem Olajuwon, an NBA star who was also Nigerian. Entering high school, his parents allowed him to pursue his dream of playing college basketball and join a team in one of Europe's top leagues. He left Nigeria to play for Nathan Hale High School in Seattle, WA while staying with a Nigerian family. After a stint overseas, <mask> enrolled and played two years of basketball at Bismarck State College, a junior college in North Dakota. After community college, he transferred to Montana State University Billings but left after one semester. He left Montana and returned to England to begin a pro career.Playing career
Ujiri spent his entire professional playing career in Europe. Before attending college, Ujiri played one season with the Solent Stars in the National Basketball League Division 3, then the fourth tier of English basketball. <mask> and his team won the title that season with a 20–2 record. Following his collegiate career, <mask> played a season for the Derby Rams in England. He then returned to Solent Stars, playing two seasons either side of a short stint with Belgian side Tournai-Estaimpuis, followed by just one appearance with Hemel Royals. <mask> later spent three months in Finland with BC Nokia, where he played two preseason games before being waived. He last played in Denmark.Executive career
After ending a professional playing career in 2002, Ujiri worked as a youth coach in Nigeria. During an NBA summer league game in Boston, he met David Thorpe, who eventually introduced him to college coaches. In 2002, Ujiri was accompanying a young Nigerian player to a draft tryout in Orlando when he impressed Magic scouting director Gary Brokaw, who then introduced Ujiri to coach Doc Rivers and GM John Gabriel. Ujiri then became an unpaid scout for the NBA's Orlando Magic, paying his own way when he had to and sharing rooms with scouts or players when he could. Jeff Weltman, then a young executive with the Denver Nuggets, introduced Ujiri to Nuggets general manager Kiki Vandeweghe, who then hired Ujiri on salary as an international scout. After four seasons there, he was hired away by Bryan Colangelo of the Toronto Raptors as their Director of Global Scouting. <mask> became the Raptors' assistant general manager in 2008.Denver Nuggets
<mask> returned to the Nuggets in 2010, as general manager and executive vice president in charge of basketball operations. With this post, <mask> became the first African general manager in major American sports. After putting together a Nuggets’ roster that won 57 games, the most in Denver's NBA history, <mask> was named the 2013 NBA Executive of the Year. He is the only non-American ever to win the award. Toronto Raptors
On May 31, 2013, <mask> signed a 5-year, $15 million deal to become executive vice president and general manager of the Toronto Raptors, replacing Colangelo in that capacity. One of his first moves as Raptors GM was to trade away Andrea Bargnani to the New York Knicks. During <mask>'s tenure as general manager, the Raptors, led by the backcourt duo of Kyle Lowry and DeMar DeRozan, returned to the playoffs in 2014.On April 19, 2014, at a fan rally prior to Game 1 of the first-round Eastern Conference playoff series against the Brooklyn Nets, Ujiri shouted, "Fuck Brooklyn!" to the gathered crowd from the stage. Ujiri apologized during halftime of Game 1, stating: "wrong choice of words. I apologize to kids out there and to the Brooklyn guys." NBA Commissioner Adam Silver fined Ujiri $25,000. On April 18, 2015, at a fan rally before the playoff series between the Washington Wizards and the Raptors, in response to comments from Wizards guard Paul Pierce that the Raptors don't have the "it" factor, Ujiri shouted to the gathered crowd, "We don't give a s--t about 'it!'" NBA Commissioner Adam Silver fined Ujiri $35,000 and the Raptors organization another $25,000.<mask> apologized for his comments saying, "I will choose my words more carefully in the future." Under Ujiri, the Raptors became a consistent playoff team every year, winning five Division titles and finishing the 2017-18 regular season with the best regular season record in the Eastern Conference. He also helped the team reach the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time in franchise history in 2016, where his contract was extended to act as the team's president. His title as general manager was then transferred to Jeff Weltman. After Weltman left the organization to join the Orlando Magic in 2017, Bobby Webster was named as the team's new general manager, and began reshaping the Raptors roster after suffering consecutive second-round eliminations in 2017 and 2018 (both four-game sweeps), all three playoff defeats at the hands of the Cleveland Cavaliers, led by LeBron James. <mask> fired head coach Dwane Casey shortly after their 2018 second round exit to LeBron James and the Cavs (despite Casey being named Coach of the Year), promoting assistant Nick Nurse to head coach, conducted the high-profile trade of DeRozan for Kawhi Leonard and Danny Green later that summer, and acquired Marc Gasol before the trade deadline. The DeRozan-for-Leonard trade was initially controversial since DeRozan was the longest-tenured Raptor and fan favourite while Leonard had spent most of the 2017–18 season injured, along with his demand to be traded to a Los Angeles-based team only.However, the move paid off as the Raptors went on to win the 2019 NBA championship, their first title in the history of their franchise, and Leonard was named NBA Finals MVP. 2019 NBA Finals incident
On June 13, 2019, just after the Toronto Raptors had clinched a 4–2 series win over the Golden State Warriors in the 2019 NBA Finals, <mask> was captured on video in an altercation with an Alameda County Sheriff deputy. Sgt. Ray Kelly, a spokesman for the Sheriff's Department, alleged that Ujiri failed to show proper credentials for access to the floor. Sgt. Kelly further alleged that when stopped, Ujiri had shoved a sheriff's deputy, that the deputy had made contact in response, and that Ujiri shoved the deputy back and made contact with his face. Several bystanders and Oracle Arena security personnel intervened to separate the two.After a tense staredown between the men, Ujiri was restrained from approaching the deputy. Raptors player Kyle Lowry then came over to Ujiri and escorted him onto the court to celebrate with the team. Alternate angles of the incident appear to show Ujiri shouting in the direction of the deputy with his arm around Lowry after making his way onto the court. The Sheriff's Department did not release body camera footage depicting the start of the incident and announced that their footage had happened to "switch off" when Ujiri allegedly struck the officer. Warriors season ticketholder Greg Wiener, who was seated near the altercation, alleged that the deputy used excessive force and initiated physical contact, while two other fans (Ben Baller and Lucas Abrenica) that were sitting within 10 feet of the incident also disputed the deputy's version of events. In the videos, Ujiri can be seen with game credentials in his hand. However, the NBA had released a media advisory prior to the conclusion of the game stating that only personnel with gold armbands would be allowed on the court due to a visiting team winning.Many of the gold armbands were visible on photographers and executives on the court (including members of the Raptors ownership), but are not visible in any angles of Ujiri during the incident. Following the altercation, the Alameda County Sheriff's Office stated that it would be recommending charges of battery against Ujiri. The deputy involved has claimed to have suffered a concussion from the incident and seeking $75,000 US for his alleged injuries. The investigation ended on September 21. Following a private meeting on October 21, 2019 with <mask>, his attorneys and Assistant District Attorney Terry Wiley, which was held at the Sheriff's Department, Assistant District Attorney Teresa Drenick announced that the District Attorney's office would not take further action in connection with the incident. Deputy Alan Strickland's body camera footage was released in August 2020. The footage showed Ujiri reaching for his game credentials, but neither the purple trophy credential or the yellow armband credential needed to access the court postgame is seen before the deputy shoved Ujiri twice in the chest.The footage revealed that the deputy, not <mask>, initiated the physical contact. On October 6, 2020, Strickland's lawyers filed a motion to dismiss a counterclaim to a lawsuit from <mask>. A Zoom hearing was scheduled for November 17. <mask> subsequently dropped his countersuit against Alameda County sheriff's deputy Alan Strickland. The sheriff deputy dropped his lawsuit against <mask> <mask> on February 10, 2021. Activism
<mask>, then a scout for the Nuggets, founded Giants of Africa in 2003 with the goal of discovering basketball talent. The first Giants of Africa camp was held in Nigeria.<mask> has served as director of the NBA's Basketball Without Borders Africa program, which promotes basketball throughout the continent. He also conducts two camps, one for the top 50 players of Nigeria, which is sponsored by Nestle Milo, and another for African big men, which Ujiri sponsors himself with help from Nike. <mask> and Basketball Without Borders are profiled in Hubert Davis's 2016 documentary film Giants of Africa. <mask> has taken personal offense to President Donald Trump's comments about immigrants from places like Haiti and his homeland Nigeria, which Trump allegedly referred to as "shitholes". <mask> opined that President Trump's words did not demonstrate inspiring leadership and were unfair to the nations and people groups to which Trump referred. On November 28, 2018, <mask> received the first-ever President's Peace Medal presented by the YMCA of Greater Toronto during Peace Week. He received the honor alongside two YMCA Peace Medal honourees, Toronto police constable Dale Swift and mental health activist Loizza Aquino.In February 2020, Ujiri accompanied Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on an official visit to various African nations, including Ethiopia and Senegal. Ujiri appeared on behalf of sport charity Right To Play at an event in the Senegalese capital, Dakar. During that same trip, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and <mask> made a surprise visit to thank the Canadian troops in Kuwait. In December 2019, <mask> Ujiri launched a new philanthropic platform called "That's Humanity" that debut with a personal manifesto and video titled “What does humanity mean to you?”

Personal life

Ujiri is married to fashion model Ramatu <mask>. The Ujiris have two children, both of whom are Canadian citizens. <mask> has stated he views himself as a Canadian citizen as well as a son of Africa. He later confirmed that he holds Canadian citizenship and has a valid Canadian passport.References

1970 births
Living people
Bismarck State Mystics men's basketball players
Denver Nuggets executives
Denver Nuggets scouts
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Montana State Billings Yellowjackets men's basketball players
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Nigerian emigrants to Canada
Nigerian emigrants to the United States
Nigerian expatriate basketball people in Canada
Nigerian expatriates in Belgium
Nigerian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Nigerian men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Bournemouth
People from Zaria
Toronto Raptors executives
Guards (basketball)
BC Nokia players

masks:
Masai Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Masai Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Masai
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Ujiri
Masai
Masai
Ujiri
Ujiri


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<mask>, 1st Baron Rugby, , (1 July 1877 – 20 April 1969) was a British civil servant and diplomat who was a key figure in Anglo-Irish relations during the Second World War. Biography

Early life
Maffey was the younger son of Thomas Maffey, a commercial traveller of Rugby, Warwickshire, and his wife, Mary Penelope, daughter of <mask>. He was educated at Rugby School and Christ Church, Oxford. Career
He entered the Indian Civil Service in 1899, and notably served as Assistant Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of North-West-Frontier-Province from 1912 to 1916 and then as Private Secretary to the Viceroy of India Lord Chelmsford from 1916 to 1920 and then Chief Commissioner of the North-West Frontier Province from 1921 to 1924. After a disagreement with the British government in 1924, Maffey resigned from the Indian Civil Service. In 1926 he became Governor-General of the Sudan, followed in 1933 by his appointment as Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. Representative to Ireland

On 14 September 1939, two weeks after the outbreak of World War II, Maffey arrived in Dublin to discuss the possibility of the United Kingdom appointing a British representative to Ireland.Later, following a discussion at the British War Cabinet, Maffey was sent back to Dublin again with a letter from Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain appealing once again for the appointment of a 'representative'. The United Kingdom would not agree to appoint an ambassador or a minister, because it would imply that Ireland was a foreign country outside the Commonwealth. On the other hand, Ireland would not agree to the appointment of a High Commissioner to Ireland because that would imply that Ireland was in the Commonwealth which the Irish government did not accept. As a compromise, Chamberlain proposed the title "United Kingdom Representative in Éire" but de Valera rejected this, insisting that the word 'in' be replaced with 'to'. And so "United Kingdom Representative to Éire" was agreed upon and Maffey was appointed on 3 October 1939. For de Valera, the change signified Ireland's independence, sovereignty and equality with the United Kingdom. Chamberlain remarked that the title would "seem to be well suited to an appointment such as this which is essentially an emergency arrangement intended to meet a temporary but urgent situation".After Maffey took up his appointment as "Representative", there were reports that the Irish Republican Army might abduct or kill him. Maffey held the post throughout the war years and until his retirement in 1949. During the war, he was undoubtedly the most important foreign diplomat resident in Dublin, given the complications of Ireland's neutrality policy. As "United Kingdom Representative to Eire", Maffey quickly established a good working relationship with Éamon de Valera. De Valera was personally in favour of the survival of democracy but did not necessarily trust the British to look after Ireland's best interests. Maffey was vital in mediating between the 'Warlord' Churchill and 'the Chief' de Valera. When de Valera was replaced by a coalition, headed by <mask>. Costello, in 1948, Maffey again established a good working relationship with its members, but he was scathing about the clumsy manner in which the declaration of a Republic was handled: "Mr. Costello has handled the business in a slipshod and amateur fashion".He encouraged <mask>, the press attaché, to establish friendly relations with leading and rising figures in the Dublin literary world, such as Patrick Kavanagh; Maffey himself suggested the subject for one of Kavanagh's poems. In his memorandum, "The Irish Question in 1945", addressed to the Secretary of State for the Dominions, Maffey expressed his view: "To-day, after six years' detachment, Eire is more than ever a foreign country. It is so dominated by the National Catholic Church as to be almost a theocratic State. Gaelic is enforced in order to show that Eire is not one of the English-speaking nations; foreign games are frowned upon, the war censorship has been misapplied for anti-British purposes, anti-British feeling is fostered in school and by Church and State by a system of hereditary enemy indoctrination. There is probably more widespread anti-British sentiment in Eire to-day than ever before." Commenting on a recent attack by Churchill on de Valera, Maffey reported "Nothing helped Mr. de Valera more than Mr. Churchill's personal attack.... The Irish are a very distinct race, and their marked characteristics persist
strongly....There still persist
the dark Milesian strain, the tribal vendetta spirit, hatred and blarney, religious fanaticism, swift alternations between cruelty and laughter. A knowledge of the North-West Frontier tribes of India is a good introduction to an understanding of the Irish. They are both very remarkable and in many ways attractive people, with the same mental kinks. We were wise enough not to attempt to bring the Afridis under our direct rule." He continued "Mr. de Valera is not himself a hater of England, as Mr. Frank Aiken, the
Finance Minister, is.... There is very little of the Irishman in Mr. de Valera. He is trusted because of his austerity and his cold mathematical approach to Anglo-Irish problems.He understands the narrowness of the Irish mind and does not venture on to broader paths, though he might certainly have led his people out of spiritual bondage in 1941, when America came into the war." Maffey felt that "we can now talk to Eire on a cold, factual, horse-trading basis, knowing perfectly well that the cards are in our hands." He continued, "It must be admitted that, by ascribing Dominion status to Eire, we placed in unfriendly hands a power to weaken the conception and responsibilities of Dominion status. Eire has none of the attributes of a Dominion. She is a "Scotland " gone wrong, and we cannot afford to let her be completely divorced from the strategic and economic zone of England, Scotland and Wales." Turning to Northern Ireland, Maffey remarked, "Unhappily it is not possible for us to feel satisfied with the state of affairs in Northern Ireland. The Unionist Government are fighting an insidious enemy who is gaining upon them.Their ballot box is not safe over a period against the Catholic birth-rate. The loyalty of the local garrison is not proof against the attractions of a lower income-tax rate in Eire. They are vulnerable to world criticism. The British Government cannot afford to ignore the pronouncement made in November 1944 by the Catholic Archbishop of Westminster, the Most Rev. Dr. Griffin, that there is religious persecution at the present day
in Northern Ireland." In February 1947, Maffey was raised to the peerage as Baron Rugby, of Rugby in the County of Warwick. His portrait hangs in the National Portrait Gallery of the United Kingdom.Painted by Philip de László in 1923, it was the study for two official portraits, at Government House, Peshawar, and Christ Church, Oxford. Family
Lord <mask> married Dorothy Gladys Huggins, daughter of Charles Lang Huggins, on 28 August 1907. They became the parents of three children: Alan, Henry, and Penelope. Their only daughter, Penelope, married the war hero and Tory MP Sir William Aitken and became a well-known socialite. She was the mother of the former Conservative politician Jonathan Aitken and the actress Maria Aitken. Her grandchildren are the actor Jack Davenport, the artiste and environmentalist Alexandra Aitken (also known as Uttrang Kaur Khalsa), Victoria Aitken, and William Aitken. <mask> died in April 1969, aged 91.He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son Alan Loader Maffey, 2nd Baron Rugby. Popular culture
Maffey was played by Peter Copley in the 1983 RTÉ drama series Caught in a Free State. He is a minor character in the 2010 novel Long Time Coming by Robert Goddard. Arms

See also
List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Ireland

References

Oxbury, Harold. Great Britons: Twentieth-Century Lives. London: Promotional Reprint Company Ltd, 1993. Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors).Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990. 1877 births
1969 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
British politicians of then-British possessions
Maffey, <mask>
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Ireland
Maffey, <mask>
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Companions of the Order of the Star of India
Diplomatic peers
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Civil servants in the Colonial Office
Maffey <mask> created by George VI

masks:
John Loader Maffey
John Loader
John A
John Betjeman
Rugby
Lord Rugby
John
John
John Peers


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<mask> (30 September 1910 – 25 November 1975) was a British gardener and horticulturalist, historian, novelist and writer, and anarchist. He is known for his writings as a French scholar and socialist historian, and as a gardener. Biography

Early life

<mask> was born in Stamford Hill, London, on 30 September 1910, to Arthur (Isaac<mask> and <mask>. <mask> (b. 19 June 1881) was a "well-known London advertising agent", "of the Borough Billposting Company, London" Annie was born April 1884. Hyams attend the University College School in London as a child, then went to the Lycée Jaccard boarding school in Lausanne, Switzerland and Lausanne University. Hyams spent his early adulthood (1929-1933) as a factory worker, among other jobs, including in newspapers.In 1933, <mask> and Hilda Mary Aylett, then 28, married. The two had met at work, served in World War II, and both identified as "Cockney". Literary career and military service
Hyams published his first novel, The Wings of the Morning in 1939. Over the next two years he published two more novels, A Time to Cast Away in 1940 and To Sea in a Bowl in 1941. He continued to write novels and short fiction for the rest of his life. In the 1930s, Hyams was a pacifist and a member of the Peace Pledge Union, but abandoned pacifism upon the outbreak of the Second World War. Hyams joined the  Royal Air Force (1939-1941) but was disqualified from being a pilot because of his poor eyesight.Hyams then applied for a transfer to the Royal Navy, which was granted; he spent the rest of the war in the Navy, 1941-1946, promoted to lieutenant. <mask> and Hilda were demobilized in 1947, and settled in Molash, in Kent, England. Gardening and viticulture
In Molash, the couple took up gardening, restoring a three-acre cottage garen property. He wrote about this time in his memoir, From the Waste Land, describing the transformation of his home, "Nut Tree Cottages", into a prosperous market garden. Hyams stayed in Molash until 1960, while becoming an increasingly avid horticulturalist. During this time, Hyams also developed a serious interest in viticulture, and in 1960 moved to south Devon, to re-establish grape vineyards in England. He published The Grape Vine in England in 1949, and edited a volume on English viticulture in 1953, Vineyards in England.In 1965 Hyams published Dionysus: A Social History of the Wine Vine, combining his passions for social history and viticulture, and arguing for hybrid viticulture. <mask>' most famous work was Soil and Civilisation (1952), a history of farming which advocated organic farming and came out against mechanised agriculture. Soil and Civilisation has been described as an early example of "environmental literature". It also included a favourable depiction of the Incas. From 1959 to 1974 he penned the gardening column for the Illustrated London News. He was consulted by the government of Iran when the National Botanic Garden in Tehran was being built. One of Hyams' last works, published posthumously in 1979, was The Story of England's Flora.Fiction, literary, and translation work

Hyams' fiction included science fiction, ghost stories, often satirical, and often with a clear political bent. His novels included The Astrologer (1950) a satirical science fiction novel about an ecological disaster, and Gentian Violet (1953), a satire in which the hero managed to get elected to Parliament as both Conservative and Labour without being discovered. Hyams began submitting short fiction to the  BBC Third Programme and  the New Statesman in the 1950s; after they were accepted, he became a regular contributor to both. Hyams' literary output also encompassed literary essays, and numerous translations from French of many works of fiction and scholarship. (He won the Scott-Moncreiff Prize in 1964 for his translation of Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses by the French historian Régine Pernoud. His translations of work by Roger Peyrefitte and Zoé Oldenbourg were also notable, as were his translations of a history of the Marquis de Lafayette and Chopin. Hyams' work was praised by both Anthony Burgess and Ronald Bryden, the latter describing Hyams as "the most exasperatingly gifted writer in England".Politics and social/political writings

Hyams remained political his entire life. An anarchist, Hyams was concerned in particular with the politics of land and agriculture, including the effects of the enclosures of the commons); as such, he has been influential in eco-anarchist thought, and indeed, much of his scholarship anticipated later thinking about the influence of agriculture on civilization. He wrote a biography of anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. In the 1950s and 1960s he broadened his travels, ultimately leading to publication of The Last of the Incas (1963) and a 1969 survey of botanic gardens worldwide (Great Botanical Gardens of the World). Hyams was also interested in the role of violence, writing several studies on assassination, revolution, and the uses of terrorism and assassination for political ends. This included his 1974 book Terrorists and Terrorism, which included chapters on Sergey Nechayev and Avraham Stern. He was involved with the New Statesman for many years, editing a history of the publication and an anthology of selected works from the journal.Hyams also edited a historical anthology of articles from the New Statesman magazine, New Statesmanship. Hyams maintained active relations with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Later personal life and death

In 1967, <mask> and Hilda's marriage ended. Hyams moved to Brampton in Suffolk in 1970, establishing a third garden on the property of an old Victorian school (described in An Englishman's Garden (1967)) In 1973, Hyams married Mary Patricia Bacon, divorced from <mask>, an editor at the Illustrated London News. He died only two years later, 25 November 1975, at the age of 65, in Besançon, Doubs, France. In his life he had written more than ninety books, broadly ranging across history, ecology, gardening, politics, and fiction, but interconnected by his radical politics and passions. Works

 Fiction
 The Wings of the Morning (1939)
 A Time to Cast Away (1940)
 To Sea in a Bowl (1941, 1942)
 William Medium (1947) (see New York Public Library)
 Blood Money (1948)
 Not in Our Stars (1949)
 The Astrologer: A Satirical Novel (1950)
 Sylvester (1951) [republished as 998 (1952)]
 Gentian Violet (1953)
 Stories and Cream (1954)
 The Slaughter-House Informer (1954)
 Into the Dream (1957)
 Taking It Easy (1958) [republished as Tillotson (1961)]
 The Unpossessed (1960)
 All We Possess (1961)
 A Perfect Stranger (1964)
 The Last Poor Man (1966)
 The Irish Garden (1966)
 Cross Purposes: Four Stories of Love (1967)
 The Mischief Makers (1968)
 The Death Lottery (1971)
 The Final Agenda (1973)
 Prince Habib's Iceberg (1974)
 Morrow's Ants (1975)

 short fiction, published in a number of venues
 "Exorcising Baldassare"

 other works
 Metropolitan Verses (1934)
 You Know What Sailors Are (1954)
 Armchair Theatre (1956)
 The Man in the Wood (1973)

 Social history and anarchism
 Soil and Civilization (1952)
 A Prophecy of Famine: A Warning and the Remedy (1953) with H.J.Massingham
 The Last of the Incas: The Rise and Fall of an American Empire with George Ordish (1963)
 Dionysus: A Social History of the Wine Vine (1965)
 Killing No Murder: A Study of Assassination as a Political Means (1969)
 A Dictionary of Modern Revolution (1973)
 The Millennium Postponed: Socialism from Sir Thomas More to Mao Tse-Tung (1974)
 The Changing Face of England (1974) (also published as The Changing Face of Britain)  (1977)
 Terrorists and Terrorism (1974)
 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: His Revolutionary Life, Mind and Works (1979)

 Essays
 "Peyrefitte", The Kenyon Review v.24, n.3, pp. 484–500 (Summer 1962)
 "England" (short stories), The Kenyon Review, v.32, no.1, pp. A. Jackson,The Orchard and Fruit Garden: A New Pomona of Hardy and Sub-Tropical Fruits (1961)
 The "New Statesman": The History of the First Fifty Years, 1913-1963 (London, Longmans, 1963)
 New Statesmanship: An Anthology (1963) - anthology of writings from New Statesman)

 Translations
 Special Friendships by Roger Peyrefitte (1943) [1958]
 The Exile of Capri by Roger Peyrefitte (1943)
 Family Jewels by Petru Dumitriu (1949)
 The Cornerstone by Zoé Oldenbourg (1954)
 Clochemerle - Babylon by Gabriel Chevallier (1954)
 Diplimatic Conclusions by Roger Peyrefitte (1955) (transl. 1954)
 Human Folly: To Disarm or Perish? by Jules Moch (transl. 1955)
 The Apostle of Liberty: A Life of LaFayette by Maurice de La Fuye and Emilie Babeau (transl. 1956)
 Wicked Village by Gabriel Chevallier (1956)
 Crossing by Jean Reverzy (1956)
 The Awakened by Zoé Oldenbourg (1957)
 Sponger by Jules Renard (1957)
 Taine's Notes on England by Hippolyte Taine (1872; trans.1957)
 Keys of St. Peter Roger Peyrefitte (1957)
 Enemy by Tibor Meray (1958)
 Niki: The Story of a Dog by Tibor Déry (trans. 1958)
 Shouting Dies Away by Jean Denys (1958)
 Party Is Over by Roger Grenier (1959)
 Knights of Malta by Roger Peyrefitte (1959)
 Tempo di Roma by Alexis Curvers (1959)
 Pueblo by Michel Droit (1959)
 The Cactus Grove by Michel Landa (1960)
 Admiral Togo by Georges Blond (trans. 1960)
 Les Petits Enfants du siècle by Christiane Rochefort (1961)
 Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses by Régine Pernoud (1962; Hyams translation, 1965)
 Chopin: A Pictorial Biography by André Boucourechliev (1963)
 To See the White Cliffs by Philippe Ceillier (1965)
 Margaret of Anjou: Queen of England by Philippe Erlanger (trans. 1970)
 China in Transition: A Moment in History by Henri Cartier-Bresson
 The Mask of Comedy by Henri-François Rey
 Josyane and the Welfare by Christiane Rochefort

Cultivars and gardens
Hyams' grape variety cultivars included:
 Muller Thurgau (vinifera cross)
 Madeleine Sylvaner (vinifera cross)
 Seyval Blanc (grape hybrid)
 Baco No. 1 (grape hybrid)
 Tere Dore (grape hybrid)

 Gardens
 "Nut Tree Cottages", Molash, Kent
 Hill House Nursery and Garden Landscove, near Ashburton, Devon

References

 Additional reading
 Mick Smith, "<mask>s: Ecology and Politics 'Under the Vine'", Environmental Values v.20, pp. 95–119 (2011), doi: 10.3197/096327111X12922350166111
 Jane Brown, "<mask> Solomon Hyams", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (21 May 2009), https://doi-org.silk.library.umass.edu/10.1093/ref:odnb/75360
 "<mask> (Solomon) Hyams", Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors (6 Nov. 2002)
 "<mask> Hyams", UK Who's  Who, Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U155966
 The Nation, 15 Nov. 1975

 Obituaries
 The Times (8 Dec. 1975)
 AB Bookmen's Weekly, 5 Jan. 1976

External links
Hyams biography at Molash town website
IMDB
The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
 Internet Speculative Fiction Database
 OpenLibrary.org
 "Hulthemia 'Edward Hyams' 2018", at Cultivar, GrowsOnYou.com database. 1910 births
1975 deaths
20th-century botanists
20th-century English historians
20th-century English novelists
English anarchists
English environmentalists
English gardeners
English nature writers
English science fiction writers
English socialists
Organic farmers
People from the Borough of Ashford
English viticulturists
People from Stamford Hill
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament activists
Royal Navy personnel of World War II

masks:
Edward Solomon Hyams
Edward Hyams
) Hyams
Annie Dollie Leitson Hyams
Arthur Hyams
Hyams
Hyams
Hyams
Edward
Edward Bacon
Edward Hyam
Edward
Edward
Edward


text_chunks:
<mask>  (31 August 1828 – 9 October 1888) was a colonial administrator and governor. He died in office as Governor of Queensland in 1888. Life
He was born at St John's, Antigua, the third of 11 children of <mask> and Mary Harris Sheriff. After education in Antigua and Great Britain, he was appointed private secretary to Robert James Mackintosh, governor-in-chief of the Leeward Islands in 1854. He was recognised for his "capacity and zeal", and quickly promoted, administering in turn the British West Indies territories of Nevis and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Musgrave was born to a slaveholding family. His father and uncles, were slaveholders who were compensated for their slaves upon the emancipation of slavery in the 1830s.British North America
After ten years of colonial service in the Caribbean, <mask> was appointed governor of Newfoundland in September, 1864. Unlike his previous appointments, Newfoundland had responsible government and an active colonial assembly. He also found a colony in dire economic straits, containing a destitute population. During his tenure, <mask> dedicated most of energies towards convincing Newfoundland to remedy this by joining the negotiations with other British North American colonies towards union in what would become the Canadian Confederation. In this project, he was allied with the goals of the colonial office. Despite his efforts, and what seemed like imminent success, <mask> ultimately failed to move the colonial assembly to accepting terms of union. Canada was proclaimed on 1 July 1867—and Newfoundland would not join Confederation for eighty two years.In consultation with the colonial office and the Canadian Prime Minister, John A. Macdonald, it was agreed that <mask> should redirect his energies concerning the expansion of the Canadian confederation away from the easternmost colony of British North America, to the westernmost—the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia. Following the death of Frederick Seymour, <mask> took up his new responsibilities as colonial governor in August, 1869. Musgrave found a colony in an administrative and financial mess, with a fractious assembly, long-simmering disputes between the two colonies and their capitals – Victoria and New Westminster—and general frustration with the slow pace of negotiations for the colony to enter confederation. Musgrave proved to be both a capable administrator, and an able placater of the assembly's notoriously contentious members. In less than two years, in July, 1871, British Columbia joined Canada as its sixth province. Natal
Musgrave did a brief stint as governor of the South African colony of Natal. South Australia

Musgrave's next posting was to South Australia.This proved to be a substantially less taxing appointment. During his tenure, <mask> supported the assembly in its plans to borrow a large sum for the purpose of extensive railway construction, the imposition of additional taxation, and the introduction of a considerable number of immigrants into what was still a largely unsettled hinterland. Jamaica
After three and a half years in the antipodes, <mask> returned to the Caribbean as governor of Jamaica. He would govern the colony for the next six years, focusing much of his attention on improving its cultural life. Under his administration, the government purchased Jamaica Railway Company and extended the line. <mask> also initiated the Jamaica Scholarship, and was instrumental in establishing the Institute of Jamaica, dedicated to fostering and encouraging the development of arts, science, and literature. The Musgrave Medal, awarded by the institute for excellence in these fields, was named in his honour in 1897.Queensland

Musgrave's last appointment was back in Australia, as governor of the colony of Queensland, where he arrived on 7 November 1883 in the Ranelagh. Like South Australia, Queensland enjoyed full responsible government, and Musgrave was more of a spectator of the political scene. He travelled with premier Samuel Griffith to visit the northern parts of the colony including Cooktown, Port Douglas, Cairns, Townsville, Charters Towers, Mourilyan Harbour, Cardwell, and Bowen. During this period, he was faced with responding to the action of the colony's premier, Sir Thomas McIlwraith, in "annexing" New Guinea as part of Queensland – an action repudiated by the colonial office. Governor <mask> was at the point of retiring from the colonial service when he died at his desk in Brisbane on 9 October 1888 from strangulation of the bowel. His funeral was held on 10 October 1888 at St John's Cathedral, after which he was interred in Brisbane's Toowong General Cemetery on the principal slope near to the grave of Governor Blackall, the location being personally selected by premier Thomas McIlwraith. In May 1939, his grave was reported as unkempt and overgrown with weeds.Family
He married in 1854 to Christiana Elizabeth, daughter of the Hon. Sir William Byam of Antigua (she died in 1859). During his tenure in British Columbia, <mask> married his second wife, Jeanie Lucinda Field who was the daughter of David Dudley Field. Their daughter, Joyce, died in South Australia during 1874. According to article in "Air Clues" May 1995, he also had three sons: Arthur David Musgrave b.1874 d.1931 (Served in the Army, ending the war as CRA 52nd Division, retiring as a Brigadier General), <mask> DSO RFC and RE, b.11 May 1876 in Adelaide, S.Australia, d.2 June 1918 in German territory and Dudley Field Musgrave b.1873 d.1895 of Typhoid Fever in Bombay (Served in the Royal Navy reaching Lieutenant). According to www.biographi.ca Sir.<mask> was 3rd of 11 children. Places named for Musgrave

Australia
Queensland
 Port Musgrave, an embayment located on the northwestern tip of the Cape York Peninsula.Musgrave, a locality in east-central Queensland
Musgrave Hill, a locality in Southport, Gold Coast
Musgrave Road in Brisbane (from Petrie Terrace through Red Hill)
The Queensland Government's steam yacht of 1884 was named Lucinda after Lady Musgrave
Lucinda, Queensland, is a small town, now bustling sugar terminal, near Ingham, Queensland
Lady Musgrave Island, an island located near the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef
Lady Musgrave Drive in Mountain Creek, Queensland

South Australia
The Musgrave Ranges, a mountain range located at the extreme northwestern part of South Australia. Lucindale, a town named after Lady Musgrave in 1877

British Columbia
Musgrave Landing is a locality on the southwest coast of Saltspring Island in the Gulf Islands of southwestern British Columbia. The Musgrave Peaks (or Musgrave Range) is a part of the Coast Mountains, located in the Estevan Islands off the north-central coast of British Columbia. <mask> also helped in the making of British Columbia by assisting in the negotiation in Ottawa. Jamaica
Lady Musgrave Road is a thoroughfare in Kingston, Jamaica named for his wife. Musgrave Market is a market in Port Antonio, Portland, Jamaica. Newfoundland
The town of Muddy Hole was renamed Musgrave Harbour in 1886.It is located on central Newfoundland's Kittiwake Coast. Musgravetown was founded in 1863, and is located on Bonavista Bay in eastern Newfoundland. Mount Musgrave is a 540 m peak of the Long Range Mountains of western Newfoundland. South Africa
The major street Musgrave Road in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, is named after Musgrave. It is the location of the Musgrave Centre mall, named after the road, rather than the former Lieutenant-Governor. See also
Arthurton, South Australia

Notes

References

External links

Biography at Government House The Governorship of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Contribution of Sir <mask>sgrave from the website of the Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library
<mask>, <mask> — Brisbane City Council Grave Location Search
Guide to the Sir <mask> Papers, 1739–1966 — Archive of the personal papers of Musgrave, his wife Jeanie Lucinda, and her father David, at Duke University Libraries

1828 births
1888 deaths
People from St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda people of British descent
Governors of South Australia
Governors of the Colony of South Australia
Governors of Queensland
Lieutenant Governors of British Columbia
Governors of Newfoundland Colony
Governors of Jamaica
Colonial governors of British Columbia and Vancouver Island
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Burials at Toowong Cemetery
Governors of British Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871) people
Governors of Natal
British colonial governors and administrators in Oceania

masks:
Sir Anthony Mugrave
Anthony Mugrave
Musgrave
Musgrave
Musgrave
Musgrave
Musgrave
Musgrave
Musgrave
Musgrave
Anthony Musgrave
Musgrave
Herbert Musgrave
Anthony
Musgrave
Anthony Mu
Musgrave
Sir Anthony
Anthony Mugrave


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Sir <mask> (1574–1620) lord of the manor of Affeton in Devon, was Vice-Admiral of Devonshire. He was guardian of Thomas Rolfe, and a main opponent of Sir Walter Raleigh in his last days. Stucley's reputation is equivocal; popular opinion at the time idealised Raleigh, and to the public he was Sir "Judas" Stucley. Origins
He was the eldest son of John Stucley (1551-1611) lord of the manor of Affeton in Devon, and his wife Frances St Leger, daughter of Sir John St Leger, (d.1596) of Annery in Devon, His grandfather <mask> (c.1530–1581) of Affeton was the eldest brother of Thomas Stucley (1520–1578) The Lusty Stucley, a mercenary leader who was killed fighting against the Moors at the Battle of Alcazar. Career
The younger <mask> was knighted by King James I when on his way to London in 1603. In April 1617 he was appointed guardian of Thomas Rolfe, the two-year-old son of John Rolfe and Rebecca (Pocahontas). He later transferred Thomas's wardship to John's brother, Henry Rolfe in Heacham.The Raleigh arrest
Stucley purchased the office of vice-admiral in 1618, and very soon became embroiled in high politics. In June 1618 he left London with verbal orders from the king to deal with the imminent difficulty with Sir Walter Raleigh, when he arrived at Plymouth on his return from the 1617 Orinoco expedition. As had been recognised by a royal proclamation of 9 June, Raleigh had broken the peace treaty between England and Spain. There was intense diplomatic embarrassment for King James in the situation; Stucley may have understood the king's intention to be that Raleigh should flee the country, but in any case his approach was relaxed for a number of weeks. Stucley had a public notary board Raleigh's ship the Destiny in port. Then on the basis of a letter from the Lord High Admiral, Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, dated 12 June, Stucley had the written authority to arrest Raleigh. He met Raleigh at Ashburton, and accompanied him back to Plymouth.While Stucley was waiting for further orders, Raleigh attempted to escape to France; but returned to his arrest. Stucley sold off the Destiny'''s cargo of tobacco. Stucley had been told to make the journey easy for Raleigh, and show respect for his poor health. Setting off in earnest from the Plymouth area, from John Drake's house some way to the east and joining the Fosse Way near Musbury, on 25 July, Stucley's party escorted Raleigh. The events that followed were later much discussed. Raleigh traveled with his wife and son. One of Stucley's entourage was a French physician, Guillaume Manoury.They went via Sherborne, met Sir John Digby, and stayed with Edward Parham at Poyntington. They reached Salisbury on the 27th, haste now prompted by an official reproach. At Salisbury the journey halted for a time. Manoury connived at a sickness Raleigh alleged, and Raleigh used the break in the journey to prepare some defense. The king was there, on a summer progress, and Raleigh used several devices to play for time, composing a state paper in justification of his expedition. At this point Stucley refused a bribe which Raleigh offered him. On 1 August they moved on.With Raleigh in London
By the time the party reached Andover, Stucley was aware that Raleigh intended to escape, and kept a better guard on him. He also countered Raleigh's attempts to corrupt him with duplicity, pretending to be swayed. In London on 7 August, Raleigh was for a short time a prisoner at large, lodging at his wife's house in Broad Street; he used the excuse of illness to argue for this lenient treatment, and was granted five days to regain his health. A chance contact in a Brentford inn with a French official gave him hope. Raleigh attempted an escape down the River Thames, on 9 August; it was with the help of Stucley, who intended to betray him. The plot to ensnare Raleigh involved William Herbert, who had accompanied the Raleigh expedition, and others, as well as Stucley. Raleigh with a party including Stucley took a wherry at night from Towers Stairs; they got past Woolwich, but around Gallions Reach were overhauled by a larger wherry, carrying Herbert.They returned to Greenwich, and Stucley arrested Raleigh once more in the name of the king. Raleigh's end and Stucley's disgrace
After the attempt, Raleigh was placed in the Tower of London. He was executed on 29 October, on the old high treason charged related to the 1603 Main Plot; more recent testimony was not legally employed. On the scaffold Raleigh made his last speech, making a point of naming Stucley (to say he was forgiven). Stucley had given hostile, but not necessarily false, evidence against Raleigh. A public furore arose. It appeared that Stucley, wrongly said to be Raleigh's cousin, was appointed his warden not only as the vice-admiral of Devonshire, but as having an old grudge against Raleigh dating from 1584, when Raleigh deceived his father, John, then a volunteer in Sir Richard Grenville's Virginia voyage.It was alleged, and officially denied, that Stucley wished to let Raleigh escape in order to gain credit for rearresting him. The Earl of Nottingham threatened to cudgel Stucley. The king said "On my soul, if I should hang all that speak ill of thee, all the trees in the country would not suffice". Pamphlets
Raleigh had an effective posthumous advocate in Robert Tounson, who had attended his last days. While saying on the scaffold that he forgave everyone, having taken the sacrament for the last time, Raleigh still called Stucley perfidious. Stucley put together a defence of his own actions, for which Leonell Sharpe may have been the writer.Lisa Jardine and Alan Stewart, Hostage to Fortune: The troubled life of Francis Bacon 1561–1626 (1998), p. 424. There were in fact two published documents in which Stucley put his side of the argument, an Apology, and the Petition of 26 November.There was also an official defence of the king's proceedings, the Declaration, written by Francis Bacon, possibly with Henry Yelverton and Robert Naunton. The Apology having failed, Stucley issued the Petition in effect asking for official backing; which was published in the Declaration of 27 November, the printers having been up all night.Thomas Nadauld Brushfield, Raleghana pt. VII, in Report and Transactions - The Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art vol. 37 (1905) p. 285; archive.org. Aftermath and death
John Chamberlain wrote to Sir Dudley Carleton at the end of 1618, reporting Stucley's reputation as a betrayer, and reporting the "Judas" epithet. In January 1619 Stucley and his son were charged with clipping coin, on slender evidence from a servant who had formerly been employed as a spy on Raleigh. The coins were £500 in gold, a payment for his expenses in dealing with Raleigh, and regarded as blood money as reported by Thomas Lorkyn writing to Sir Thomas Puckering in early 1619 (N.S.).It has been suggested by Baldwin Maxwell that the character of Septimius in The False One'' was a contemporary reference to Stucley; though this hypothesis has been regarded as unprovable. The king pardoned him; but popular hatred pursued him to Affeton, and he fled to the island of Lundy, where he died in the course of 1620, raving mad it was rumoured. Family
In 1596 he married Frances Monck (born 1571), eldest daughter of Anthony Monck who lived at Potheridge in Devon and aunt of George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, having six sons and one daughter. From the point of view of Stucley's reputation at the time, it mattered whether Raleigh was part of his extended family, which was widely believed, but they were not related. References

External links
s:Devonshire Characters and Strange Events/Sir "Judas" Stukeley by Sabine Baring-Gould
Devon Perspectives page

Attribution

Year of birth missing
1620 deaths
17th-century English people
Lewis

masks:
Lewis Stucley
Lewis Stucley
Lewis


text_chunks:
<mask><mask> (December 10, 1879 – December 4, 1952) was a Canadian-American businessman, operating companies in the grain and cattle industries, and owner of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League. He also had significant ownership interests in the Chicago Black Hawks and the New York Rangers. He is often referred to as <mask>., to distinguish him from his son, <mask><mask>. <mask> is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame, as are his sons <mask> and <mask>, but not Margurite his daughter who was Detroit Red Wings co-owner with brother Bruce and President from 1952-55. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Montréal, Quebec, Canada, the son of <mask> (1849–1914) and <mask>. <mask> was involved in a grain trading company, Norris and Carruthers. <mask> lived in Montréal where the company owned an office and a warehouse and Carruthers lived in Toronto, where it rented premises in the Board of Trade building.His grandparents were Captain <mask> (1820–1891) and Sophrinia Neelon. <mask> Place in St. Catharines, Ontario is named after Captain <mask> who was a sea captain, businessman, mayor of St Catharines and MP. His great grand parents were <mask> (1793–1839) and Nancy Ann Black. They left Scotland and settled in Caledon East, Peel, Ontario, Canada with their family about the year 1834. His first cousin once removed was Peter Blair <mask>, named after his grandfather Peter Blair, of Belfountain, Ontario. His first cousin Captain Charles H<mask> settled in Maitland, Nova Scotia and by 1852 owned Norris & Sanderson, a large shipbuilder on Nova Scotia's Shubenacadie River and one of the world's largest sailing fleets. <mask> was not directly related by blood to Dr. John Knox Blair (1873–1950), a Member of Parliament for the Wellington North Riding, Ontario.He was an accomplished athlete in his youth, playing hockey, squash and tennis. He was a defenceman (point) at McGill University,[1] won the 1897 intermediate championship with the Montreal Hockey Club, and later played in 3 games in 1898 for the Montreal Hockey Club senior team. <mask>' family had amassed substantial wealth in the 19th century, owning mills and a fleet of ships, along with several tracts of land. His father moved Norris Grain Inc. to Chicago when <mask> was 18 years old. <mask> also moved to Chicago and became president of Norris Grain at the age of 28 in 1908. In the early 1900s he also played hockey in Chicago with the Kenwood Country Club and Chicago Wanderers teams. In business he began buying grain elevators in the 1910s and was the largest cash grain buyer in the world in the 1930s.He also ran Norris Cattle Company, which operated three of the largest cattle ranches in the United States. His net worth was said to be over $200 million by 1940. <mask> became a US citizen in 1919. National Hockey League

When the NHL announced in 1926 that it would place a team in Chicago, <mask> made a bid for the team, but lost to Frederic McLaughlin. <mask> was one of the financial backers of the Chicago Stadium, which opened in March 1929. At that time, Norris and Stadium president Paddy Harmon had discussions with Frank Patrick about bringing another hockey team to Chicago, but under NHL rules, that would only be possible with McLaughlin's approval, which he would not give. McLaughlin found negotiations with Harmon and <mask> for ice time at the Stadium to be difficult, but the two sides came to an agreement during the 1929–30 season.Later in 1930, <mask> was one of the backers of the Chicago Shamrocks of the minor league American Hockey Association, which changed its name to the American Hockey League (no relation to the current circuit). The AHL was declared an "outlaw league" by NHL president Frank Calder, and in an attempt to separate <mask> from the league, the NHL let <mask> know that he would be welcomed as an NHL owner. <mask> withdrew his support from the Shamrocks (the team disbanded after the 1931–32 season). In May 1932, <mask> applied to the NHL for a team in St. Louis, but this was rejected by the league because of concerns over travel expenses for the other teams. <mask> had an agreement to buy the financially struggling Ottawa Senators, and intended to move the team to Chicago or Toronto. McLaughlin said he would not allow a second team into Chicago, and Maple Leafs owner Conn Smythe rejected the idea of another team in his city. In 1931, the Detroit Falcons and their arena, the Detroit Olympia, had been placed into receivership and were being managed by a creditors' committee.By the summer of 1932, it was being reported that the team might be sold to <mask>. In the fall of 1932, the NHL formally approved <mask>' bid to acquire the team from the receiver. He changed the team's name to the Detroit Red Wings. <mask> also designed the team's current logo: a wing protruding from a wheel. The logo was adapted from the old Montreal Hockey Club logo (the team had been nicknamed the "Winged Wheelers") and was intended to curry favour with the automobile companies. <mask> quickly cleared away the debt left over from past years and gave the Red Wings the financial backing they needed to become one of the most powerful teams in the NHL. Under <mask>' watch, the Red Wings won five Stanley Cups.He rarely saw his Red Wings play due to a heart condition. However, coach and general manager Jack Adams always called <mask> after each game from the locker room. When Frederic McLaughlin died in 1944, <mask> helped longtime Black Hawks president Bill Tobin put together a syndicate that bought the team from the McLaughlin estate. It was generally understood, however, that <mask> called the shots. He had bought Chicago Stadium in 1936, thus making him the Black Hawks' landlord. Earlier in the decade, he had bought enough stock in Madison Square Garden to become its largest stockholder, and while he did not buy majority control (he was forbidden from doing so by the NHL constitution), he had enough support from the board that he effectively controlled the New York Rangers as well. <mask>'s loans to the Boston Bruins during the 1930s gave him clout over that franchise as a creditor as well.<mask> thus had outright control or significant influence over all four of the league's American teams. Death and legacy
<mask> died on December 4, 1952, in Chicago and was buried in Mattituck, New York. Upon his death, the shipping company he financed, Upper Lakes Shipping, named a Great Lakes bulk carrier after him. The ship remained in service until it was scrapped in 2012–2013. He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1958. The James Norris Memorial Trophy, awarded to the top defenceman in the NHL, first awarded in 1954 was named in his honour. The league's former Norris Division, which existed from 1974 to 1993, was also named after him.There was also a James Norris Memorial Trophy in the International Hockey League which was awarded to the top goaltender. Awards
Stanley Cup Champion as President – 1936, 1937, 1943, 1950, 1952 with the Detroit Red Wings. References

Bibliography

External links

1879 births
1952 deaths
American sports businesspeople
American people of Canadian descent
Businesspeople from Montreal
Businesspeople from Ontario
Canadian sports businesspeople
Detroit Red Wings owners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Lester Patrick Trophy recipients
Montreal Hockey Club players
National Hockey League executives
National Hockey League owners
Sportspeople from Montreal
Stanley Cup champions

masks:
James E
. Norris
James Norris Sr
James D
. Norris
Norris
James
Bruce Norris
Norris
James Sylvester Norris
Eleanor Waud
James Sylvester Norris
Norris
James Norris
Norris
James Norris
James Norris
Norris
. Norris
James Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris
Norris


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<mask> (28 July 1929 – 24 January 2013), usually credited as <mask> or <mask>, was a Nigerian playwright, actor and director who, after settling in England in the 1950s, made significant contributions to the British theatre and the canon of Black drama. In a career that spanned half a century, he directed and wrote several successful plays, as well as acting in a wide range of drama for television, stage, radio and film. Biography and education
Adeyemi Olanrewaju Goodman Ajibade was born a royal prince of the house of Ọ̀ràngún from Ìlá Òràngún, Osun State, in the south-west of Nigeria. He attended Abeokuta Grammar School, and later pursued studies in London, at Kennington College of Law and Commerce (1955), at The Actors' Workshop (1960), and from 1966 to 1968 at the London School of Film Technique (now the London Film School), where he was a contemporary of filmmaker Horace Ové (who has recalled that they were the only two black students in the school at the time). Works
From early in his stay in the UK, Ajibade acted in radio drama for the BBC African Service. As producer Fiona Ledger recalled in 2007: "It was back in 1960 that the late BBC producer John Stockbridge was asked by the Head of the African Service to devise some kind of drama for African listeners. He came up with a series, a soap opera set in London.No copy survives, but" <mask> Ajibade "took the role of a social worker, moving around England and settling quarrels." Continuing to develop his acting career, he was hailed in 1963 as "one of the most promising actors from West Africa". Alongside performers who included Yulisa Amadu Maddy, Leslie Palmer, Eddie Tagoe, Karene Wallace, Basil Wanzira, and Elvania Zirimu, among others, Ajibade featured in a production of Lindsay Barrett's Blackblast! filmed in 1973 for a special edition of the BBC Two arts and entertainment programme Full House devoted to the work of West Indian writers, artists, musicians and film-makers. Ajibade's acting portfolio would eventually encompass roles in television series such as Armchair Theatre (starring in 1963 in "The Chocolate Tree" by Andrew Sinclair, together with Earl Cameron and Peter McEnery), Danger Man (1965), Dixon of Dock Green (1968), Douglas Botting's The Black Safari (1972), The Fosters (1976), Prisoners of Conscience (1981), and Silent Witness (1996), and work on the stage – for instance, in "Plays Umbrella", a season of five specially commissioned new plays, at Riverside Studios (in association with Drum Arts Centre, London) in August 1980, and Nicholas Wright's plays One Fine Day (1980 at Riverside Studios) and The Custom of the Country (1983 at The Pit, Barbican Centre), and in Lorraine Hansberry's Les Blancs (Royal Exchange Theatre, 2001) – as well as film appearances including in Terence Fisher's The Devil Rides Out (1968), Monte Hellman's Shatter (1974), Hanif Kureshi's London Kills Me (1991), Skin (1995, written by Sarah Kane), Dirty Pretty Things (2002), Exorcist: The Beginning (2004) and Flawless with Demi Moore and Michael Caine (2007). In 1966 Ajibade led a delegation of British, West Indian and African members to the World Festival of Black Arts in Dakar, Senegal, directing a production of Obi Egbuna's play Wind Versus Polygamy; at the 2nd World Black Arts Festival in Lagos in 1977 Ajibade was supervisor of Drama Events. In 1975 he was appointed as a tutor by the Inner London Education Authority, and he also became artistic director of the Keskidee Centre in north London, where he directed a production of Wole Soyinka's The Swamp Dwellers (13–23 March 1975).Among Ajibade's best known work as a playwright is Parcel Post, which had 29 performances by the English Stage Company at the Royal Court Theatre in 1976–77, directed by Donald Howarth, with a cast featuring the likes of Rudolph Walker, Christopher Asante, and Taiwo Ajai (who has said that her own acting career started by chance "when she stumbled across <mask> Ajibade on a production"). Ajibade's subsequent plays included Fingers Only (originally entitled Lagos, Yes Lagos when it was broadcast by the BBC in 1971 and published in Nine African Plays for Radio in 1973), which in its 1982 production for the Black Theatre Co-operative (now NitroBeat) was directed by Mustapha Matura at The Factory Theatre, Battersea Arts Centre, and Albany Empire. Waiting for Hannibal opened in June 1986 at the Drill Hall, followed by a national tour, with Burt Caesar and Ajibade directing a cast that included Judith Jacobs, Wilbert Johnson and others; and A Long Way From Home was produced by Nicolas Kent at the Tricycle Theatre in 1991, with Ajibade himself heading the cast. Ajibade also worked in Ibadan during the late 1970s, as a writer and director (1976–79) with the Unibadan Masques, the University of Ibadan's School of Drama acting company. In February 2008, at an All-Star Gala held at Theatre Royal Stratford East on the 10th anniversary of Tiata Fahodzi, Ajibade was honoured as a leader of British-African theatre, alongside Taiwo Ajai-Lycett, Dotun Adebayo, Dona Croll, Femi Oguns, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Hugh Quarshie and others. Yemi Ajibade died in the UK on 13 January 2013 at the age of 83. Plays

 Award (unproduced)
 Behind the Mountain – first produced: Unibadan Masques, 1977
 Fingers Only – first produced: The Factory, Battersea Arts, London (Black Theatre Co-operative, directed by Mustapha Matura), 1982.As Lagos, Yes Lagos, BBC Radio, 1971. A Long Way from Home – first produced: Tricycle Theatre, London (directed by Nicolas Kent), 1991
 Mokai – first produced: Unibadan Masques, 1979
 Parcel Post – first produced: Royal Court Theatre, London, 16 March 1976
 Waiting for Hannibal – first produced: Drill Hall, London (Black Theatre Co-operative, directed by Ajibade with Burt Caesar), 1986
 Para Ginto (black version of Peer Gynt) – Tricycle Theatre, 1995

Bibliography
 Fingers Only and A Man Names Mokai. Ibadan: Y-Book Drama series, 2001, 142 pp. Parcel Post and Behind the Mountain. Ibadan: Y-Book Drama series, 2001, 147 pp. Gwyneth Henderson and Cosmo Pieterse (eds), Nine African Plays for Radio (includes "Lagos, Yes Lagos" by <mask> Ajibade), Heinemann Educational Books, AWS, 127, 1973. Partial filmography

1962: The Sword in the Web (TV Series) - Jean
1963: Suspense (TV Series) - Joshua
1963: Armchair Theatre (TV Series) - Jacob Jones
1964: Festival (TV Series) - Aide to Lichee
1964: Espionage (TV Series) - Sergeant
1965: The Wednesday Play (TV Series) - Rebel soldier / Man in pub
1965: Danger Man (TV Series) - Barman
1966: The Witches - Mark (uncredited)
1967: Theatre 625 (TV Series) - Tsilla Mamadou
1967: Thirty-Minute Theatre (TV Series) - Observer
1968: 30 Is a Dangerous Age, Cynthia - New Lodger (uncredited)
1968: The Devil Rides Out - African (uncredited)
1968: Dixon of Dock Green (TV Series) - Roger Bunda
1969: The Power Game (TV Series) - Premier of Malta
1970: Carry On Up the Jungle
1972: The Black Safari (TV Movie)
1973: Full House (TV Series) - Black Blast!cast member
1974: Shatter - Ansabi M'Goya / Dabula M'Goya
1976: Shades of Greene (TV Series) - 1st Head boy
1976: The Fosters (TV Series) - Mr. Fuller
1981: Prisoners of Conscience (TV Series) - Walter Sisulu
1987: Truckers (TV Series) - Watchman
1989: Behaving Badly (TV Mini-Series) - Church Elder
1991: Smack and Thistle (TV Movie) - Pedro
1991: London Kills Me - Tramp
1993: Rwendo (Short)
1995: Skin (Short) - Neville
2002: Dirty Pretty Things - Mini Cab Driver (as Ade-<mask> Ajibade)
2004: Exorcist: The Beginning - Turkana Shaman
2007: Silent Witness (TV Series) - Samson Moyo
2007: Flawless - Guinean Negotiatior (final film role)

References

External links

 <mask> Ajibade at Dollee.com
 WorldCat. Records of the Black Theatre Co-operative – Nitro Theatre Company, The National Archives. "Yemi Ajibade", Black Plays Archive, National Theatre. Yemi Ajibade actor credits, Filmography at Cineplex. Male actors from Osun State
Nigerian dramatists and playwrights
Black British male actors
Black British cinema
1929 births
2013 deaths
Yoruba male actors
Yoruba dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Nigerian male actors
Nigerian royalty
Yoruba princes
Alumni of the London Film School
University of Ibadan people
British male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century British dramatists and playwrights
Nigerian theatre directors
Nigerian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Black British writers
20th-century British male writers
Nigerian princes

masks:
Yemi Ajibade
Yemi Goodman Ajibade
Ade Yemi Ajibade
Yemi
Yemi
Yemi
Yemi
Yemi


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<mask> (born October 13, 1964) is a former American football coach who was most recently the head coach at the University of Washington. Previously the head coach for eight seasons at Boise State University, <mask> guided the Broncos to two BCS bowl wins: the (2006 Season) 2007 and (2009 Season) 2010 Fiesta Bowls. He is the first two-time winner of the Paul "Bear" Bryant Award, which he won in 2006 and 2009. <mask> also won the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award in 2010. At Washington, <mask> led the Huskies to the College Football Playoff in 2016, but fell to Alabama in the Peach Bowl. <mask> announced his resignation on December 2, 2019, to be effective after the team's bowl game. Early life
Born and raised in Yuba City, California, <mask> played safety and quarterback for the Honkers at Yuba City High School.After graduation in 1983, he played quarterback for the Sacramento City College Panthers for two seasons, then transferred to non-scholarship UC Davis,
then in Division II. He earned a bachelor's degree in psychology in 1988 and a master's degree in education from UC Davis. Coaching career

Early coaching career
<mask> began his coaching career in 1987 as the head freshman coach at UC Davis under Hall of Fame coach Jim Sochor. In 1989, he became the receivers coach for the varsity, departing in 1992 to become the quarterbacks coach at Pittsburgh. While at Pittsburgh, he coached QB Alex Van Pelt to a season where he threw for over 3,100 yards with twenty touchdowns. He moved back west in 1993 to coach the quarterbacks at Portland State under Tim Walsh; the Vikings advanced to the Division II playoffs in both 1993 and 1994. <mask> moved over to Oregon in 1995 as the receivers coach, and spent six years as an assistant for the Ducks under head coach Mike Bellotti.In 1996, WR Cristin McLeMore topped 1,000 yards receiving. In 1997, WR Pat Johnson topped 1,000 yards. In 1998, WRs Damon Griffin and Tony Hartley both topped 1,000 yards on the year. In January 2001, <mask> was hired as the offensive coordinator at Boise State by newly-promoted head coach  The offense peaked in 2003, scoring a school-best 602 points en route to a 13-1 season: QB Ryan Dinwiddie threw for 4,356 yards and 31 TD, RB David Mikell ran for 1,142 yards and 13 TD, and WR Tim Gilligan had 1,192 yards and 6 TD. Boise State
Hawkins left Boise State for Colorado Buffaloes FT after the 2005 season, and <mask> was promoted to head coach on  Sophomore tailback Ian Johnson said about the transition, "We trusted him and knew he was going to take care of us. We knew he was a great person. He was going to recruit people just like himself.We waited for him to get everybody here and he got in the perfect people." <mask> had served as offensive coordinator at Boise State for five seasons and was twice nominated for the Broyles Award, given to the nation's best assistant coach. 2007 Fiesta Bowl
In his first year as head coach, <mask> led the Broncos to an undefeated regular season in 2006 and the program's first ever BCS bowl game berth. He became the fourth rookie head coach to lead a team to a BCS bowl game; Boise State was the only undefeated team in Division I FBS for the 2006 season. The Broncos defeated Big 12 champion Oklahoma in the Fiesta Bowl as only the second BCS non-AQ conference school to play in a BCS bowl, after Utah in 2004. <mask> drew particular attention for his bold play calling after the Broncos, who were leading most of the game, trailed the Sooners by a touchdown late in the contest. A 50-yard hook-and-lateral play on 4th-and-18 described as "stunning" tied the game with seven seconds left.An option pass (off a direct snap to a wide receiver) on 4th-and-2 on Boise State’s possession in overtime pulled the Broncos within one point after Oklahoma scored on their possession. <mask> then decided to forgo an extra point kick and go for the victory with a two-point conversion attempt, calling a successful "Statue of Liberty" misdirection play for a 43-42 win. <mask> stated, "We were trying to get to it earlier, to tell you the truth. We needed a play like that to get it over with." Improved contracts
After the undefeated season of 2006, the Idaho State Board of Education approved a new contract for <mask> on February 22, 2007, paying him $4.25 million for five years, or $850,000   was paid mostly by revenue from the Football Coaches Club, the Bronco Athletic Association booster club, and media and public appearances; state-appropriated funds covered $150,000

After leading Boise State to another undefeated regular season in 2009, <mask> was rewarded with a new five-year contract extension on January 1, 2010. The state board of education approved the new contract on April 22, which paid $8 million over five years, or $1.6 million per year. The contract also included automatic one-year extensions to the contract each time <mask> won at least eight regular

<mask>'s last contract in Boise was agreed to on January 3, 2012.The five-year, $18 million deal called for a base salary of $2 million for the 2012 season, with $200,000 raises in each subsequent season. It also included retention bonuses of $100,000 after two years and $200,000 in each of the final three years

Washington
On December 6, 2013, <mask> agreed to a five-year, $18 million contract to become the new head coach at Washington. He replaced Steve Sarkisian, who announced that he was leaving Washington to take the same position at USC three days after the 2013 Apple Cup. In <mask>'s first season in 2014, Washington went 8–6 and lost in the Cactus Bowl to Oklahoma State. During the season, <mask> became the quickest active FBS coach to reach 100 wins, achieving the mark in just 117 games as a head coach. In 2015, a young Huskies team finished 7–6, including an upset at USC against Sarkisian. Washington defeated Southern Miss in the Heart of Dallas Bowl.<mask> signed a two-year contract extension near the end of the 2015 season. The 2016 Huskies had one of the best seasons in Washington history, winning the Pac-12 championship and earning a berth to the program's first-ever College Football Playoff. In the Pac-12 Championship, No. 4 Washington defeated No. 9 Colorado 41–10 at Levi's Stadium. On December 31, 2016, Alabama beat Washington 24–7 in the Peach Bowl, ending the Huskies' season. After the season, <mask>'s contract was extended through 2023 with an average salary of $4.875 million per year.This new contract made <mask> the highest paid coach in the Pac-12 at the time. Washington posted back-to-back 10-win seasons for the first time since 1990–91 after going 10–3 in 2017. The Huskies played in a New Year's Six bowl, losing to Penn State in the Fiesta Bowl. <mask> led the Huskies to another Pac-12 title in 2018. UW defeated Utah 10–3 in the title game to clinch a berth in the Rose Bowl against Ohio State. During the season, Washington beat No. 7 Washington State in the Apple Cup, marking the Huskies' sixth straight rivalry win over the Cougars under <mask>.After losing numerous key starters to the NFL Draft, the 2019 Huskies regressed from previous seasons, finishing the regular season 7–5. <mask> and the Huskies did win their seventh straight Apple Cup in 2019, beating Washington State, 31–13. On December 2, <mask> announced he would step down as Washington's head coach at the end of the season and assume a leadership advisory role with the athletics program. In his final game as coach, Washington beat his former team, Boise State, in the
Las Vegas Bowl, 38–7. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Barbara, have two sons, Jack and Sam. His father, <mask>, a Seattle native who grew up watching University of Washington football games on television as a boy, still lives in Yuba City. Honors

 Paul "Bear" Bryant Award in 2006 and 2009
 Western Athletic Conference Coach of the Year in 2008
 Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award in 2010

Head coaching record

* <mask> resigned before bowl game

References

External links
 Washington profile

1964 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Boise State Broncos football coaches
Oregon Ducks football coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers football coaches
Portland State Vikings football coaches
UC Davis Aggies football coaches
UC Davis Aggies football players
Washington Huskies football coaches
Sacramento City Panthers football players
People from Yuba City, California
Coaches of American football from California
Players of American football from California

masks:
Christopher Scott Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Petersen
Ron Petersen
Petersen


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<mask> (8 August 1866 – 26 February 1921) was a British sailor who is best known as the first to command a merchant steamer plying on the Upper Yangtze River in 1900. The Upper Yangtze is the section of river stretching through gorges from Yichang to Chongqing. <mask> later collaborated with Chinese merchants and the government to create Sichuan Steam Navigation Company, serving as Captain of SS Shutung and SS Shuhun, providing the first regular merchant steam service on the Upper Yangtze. He is further recognized for his contributions as Chinese Maritime Customs’ First Senior River Inspector on the Upper Yangtze. <mask> installed the river's navigational marks, established signaling systems, wrote a manual for shipmasters, and trained hundreds of foreign and Chinese pilots. In China he was known as Pu Lan Tian. Early life
<mask> was born in Framlingham, located in Suffolk, England, the third out of four children.His father, <mask>, a Captain in the Mercantile Marine, commanded Reigate, for trade with India. In 1881, young "<mask>" aged fourteen, joined his father for what was to be their first and last voyage together. Captain Sam suffered a heart attack on the journey and fell from his companion ladder, dying shortly after. Young <mask> buried his father upon arrival to India in Madras and continued after his father at sea. He first worked on Iron Ship Reigate as an ordinary seaman for two years, then a year as an Able Seaman for Pacific Steam Navigation Company's Australian Service. <mask> returned to Reigate as Third Mate and in 1886 obtained his Second Mate's certificate. Persia
<mask> transitioned to river exploration in the late 1880s.The Shah of Persia granted England limited permission to initiate commercial trade on the Lower Karun. <mask> joined this effort on Messrs. Lynch Brothers' Euphrates & Tigris Steam Navigation Co.’s Khalifa. At age 25, when access to Upper Karun was authorized, <mask> was offered command of his first vessel, Shushan. <mask> explored the three upper rivers and established trade routes. In 1896 he submitted a map to the British India Intelligence Office and returned to England. China
First Merchant Steamship on Upper Yangtze

Archibald John Little selected <mask> in 1898 to join him in China to solve the challenge of steamship navigation on the Upper Yangtze, connecting Yichang and Chongqing. <mask> provided design input for Little’s venture, SS Pioneer, and took command of the commercial steamship.In 1900, he became the first to pilot a merchant steamship unaided through that stretch. The outbreak of the Boxer Rebellion put an end to its future commercial passages and the British Navy acquired the vessel for military use, renaming it HMS Kinsha. The Boxer Rebellion, combined with the sinking of the German’s steamer, SS Suixing, on her maiden voyage in the same year and extensive railroad ambitions, delayed mercantile steam efforts for another nine years. French Navy

With Pioneer in British military hands as HMS Kinsha, and his services declined by the Royal Navy, <mask> offered navigational expertise to the French Navy. Emile Auguste Léon Hourst hired <mask> on Olry for exploration from Chongqing to Suifu. <mask> contracted his services to the French from 1901 -1909. When the river was low, <mask> operated an Upper Yangtze Chinese native craft, guazǐchuan, "Junie" with his wife and Chinese crew.He bought property on the hills opposite Chongqing in 1905 in the same expatriate community as Little and other foreign merchants and customs officials. Sichuan Steam Navigation Company

Efforts to connect wealthy Sichuan to the rest of China returned to the question of steamship viability. In 1908, the Chinese partnered with <mask>, who combined Upper Yangtze navigational knowledge with a thorough understanding of steamship performance and design. Merchants and officials of Chongqing and Chengdu formed the Sichuan Steam Navigation Company with capital from Chinese official sources and private Chinese merchants. SS Shutung, the company's first ship on the Upper Yangtze run, could travel upriver in five to seven days. The service was such a financial success that a second vessel of twice the carrying capacity, SS Shuhun was introduced in 1914. Chinese Maritime Customs Service

Chinese Maritime Customs Service offered <mask> a position in 1915 as First Senior River Inspector for the Upper Yangtze with an office in Chongqing.This role enabled <mask>'s vast knowledge and expertise to be extended to recipients of all nationalities. He trained pilots - both foreign and Chinese, issued licenses, developed a manual, installed navigational marks, inspected ships and established signaling systems to ensure successful passages. Captain <mask> was awarded two Chia-Ho Medals by the Chinese Government. In 1917 he received a Class 6 Chia-Ho Medal and in 1921, he was awarded a Class 5 Chia-Ho Medal. Personal life
<mask> married Alice Sophia Peters in Bushire, Persia in April 1894. She was his constant companion. Alice accompanied <mask> on his first trip up the Upper Yangtze aboard Pioneer and joined him on the Olry.She also traveled with him on the Chinese native craft, Junie, and on Shutung and Shuhun. In 1919, the Plants sold their home in Chonging's foreign community and moved to Xintan, an exclusively Chinese village, home to many Chinese junk owners and pilots. They did not have any biological children but did adopt two Chinese daughters. These Chinese girls were identified as Isobel and Clara Qian, orphaned biological daughters of Sichuan's Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, Qian Weishan, and his English wife, Adela Robina Warburton, whom he met while studying in London. Death
On 23 February 1921, Captain <mask>, his wife, Alice, and their two adopted Chinese daughters, boarded SS Teiresias in Shanghai to return to England. <mask> caught pneumonia on the boat and died at sea; his wife died a month later. Both Captain and Mrs. <mask> were buried in Hong Kong Cemetery in Happy Valley.Their adopted daughters were returned to China by shipping agent Butterfield & Swire and placed under legal guardianship of New Zealand missionary, Mary Emelia Moore at the Church of Scotland Mission in Yichang. The death date of <mask> is incorrectly reflected on the Happy Valley headstone as 28 February 1921. Plant Memorial

Yichang's British Consul, John Langford Smith, proposed the creation of a Plant Monument Fund to honor <mask>'s contributions to Upper Yangtze trade. As the Fund's President, Smith printed Chinese and English subscription documents proposing a 50-foot granite obelisk engraved on one side in Chinese characters and the other in English, to be seen by all those who pass up and down the Yangtze Gorges. Donations from Chinese and Western friends of Captain <mask> were collected and a portion was allocated to support and educate <mask>'s adopted daughters. In 1924, a monument was erected in Xintan at the site of Captain <mask>'s home. In 2002, the Chinese government flagged the monument as important ahead of the Three Gorges Dam project and moved it to higher ground where it can be seen today.The <mask> Memorial was vandalised by the Red Guards in the 1968. Publications
Handbook for the Guidance of Shipmasters on the Ichang-Chungking Section of the Yangtze River, S.C. Plant, Published by Order of the Inspector General of Customs – Chinese Maritime Customs, Shanghai, 1920. Glimpses of the Yangtze Gorges, by <mask>, with illustrations by Ivon A. Donnelly, Kelly & Walsh Limited, Shanghai, 1921 and 1926. References

Yangtze River
Merchant ships of China
1866 births
1921 deaths
British sailors
People from Suffolk (before 1974)
British expatriates in China
History of foreign trade in China

masks:
Samuel Cornell Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Samuel Plant
Cornell
Cornell
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Alice Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Plant
Cornell Plant