text_chunks:
<mask> (25 February 1925 – 16 October 2016) was an American-born Australian photographer who lived and worked in Melbourne from 1961. The Diaz Collection dates back to 1950s Chicago and the archive has been acquired by the State Library of Victoria, with work in the collections of the National Library of Australia and the National Gallery of Australia. In 2011 <mask> was featured as the sole woman in a group exhibition at the State Library of Victoria titled As Modern as Tomorrow, Photographers in Post war Melbourne. <mask>' work is marked by the contrast between the glamorous commercial world and those outsiders and misfits with whom she felt a connection. Early life
<mask> was born Margaret Eunice Reid on 25 February 1925 in Kansas City, Missouri, "out of wedlock" and spent her early childhood years in New York. As a teenager during the World War II she worked in a steel mill and bakeries to support her family. By the time she was 20, she was diagnosed as "difficult and depressed".She was given electro shock treatment c1945 – 1946 and encouraged to find work as a domestic help. In 1949, <mask> received a telegram from her brother Tom, who was a professional skater in the Harry Blackstone Magic Show – "Blackstone wants another girl, send a picture!" She was sent the fare to join the show and toured America during 1949 and 1950 season. The following year, she became a Girl Friday in an advertising agency while attending art school at night – initially doing "spot sketches". She was asked to go out with photographers, as an assistant and eventually the agency provided <mask> with her own camera, which she paid off from her wages. <mask>' early 35mm work begins at this time, recording children in the neighbourhood and life on the streets of Chicago. Photography career in USA – 1950s
<mask> adopted the name "<mask>" after Betty Besson who was in the magic show and who married her brother Tom Reid.At around this time, she won a photography prize in the Chicago Tribune with a portrait of a young man in a tunnel. The $500 prize allowed her to begin her work as a freelance photographer. During the 1950s, <mask> became resident photographer at Chicago's famous cultural hub The Tavern Club. The club was founded in 1927 "to encourage the arts, intellectual recreation and good humored interest in life." <mask> captured images of patrons, dancers and many Jazz greats including the Ramsey Lewis Trio. She also produced pictorial yearbooks for The Tavern Club in 1957 and 1958. While at the Tavern Club, <mask> was mentor to young dancer Dallas Kinney—now Pulitzer prize-winning photojournalist.Dallas Kinney thanked <mask> for her part in launching his photo journalism career on YouTube. Between 1956 and 1959 and in a juxtaposition of wealth and poverty that was to mark her later work, <mask> documented Lower North Center for the City of Chicago – a "mixed" housing development for the underprivileged to promote the creation of community structure and educational programs including sewing classes, a ballet school, dances and religious ceremonies. This project was part of Francis Cabrini Homes and later known as "Cabrini Green". By the 1970s it was notorious for its gang wars and violence and was demolished in 2011. In the late 1950s <mask> married Australian graphic artist, Clement Fraser and was intrigued by his stories of Australia. The marriage did not last but <mask>' fascination with Australia did. <mask> arrives in Melbourne – 1960s

Known as "<mask> Besson Fraser", <mask> arrived in Melbourne in 1961 on a one-way ticket (a divorce gift from her ex-husband Clement Fraser), and soon established herself has one of the city's leading commercial photographers.<mask> depicted Melbourne "battlers" in a The Brotherhood of St Laurence Annual Report 1962-63 and was commissioned by the City of Melbourne to produce some night shots to promote the city. She worked on many commercial campaigns, always shooting for herself. Many of these photographs were never seen by the client and not printed until 40 years later. One of these photographs, "Girl Hero", an image taken for Paddle Shoes, is held in the collection of the National Gallery of Australia. <mask> was resident photographer for 3AW in the mid 1960s and an article in The Age newspaper of 6 March 1964 notes that "A series of photographs which form part of the interior design of the new 3AW studios in the Southern Cross Plaza are the work of a woman." <mask> also took portraits of radio personalities, and followed the mobile studio to special events and beach carnivals. A breakfast advertisement featuring <mask>’ portrait of Peter James was featured in the Broadcasting and Television News of 23 July 1965.<mask> contributed to Group M's Photovision in 1964 exhibiting at John Reed's Museum of Modern Art with well-known contemporaries Wolfgang Sievers and Mark Strizic. During the mid-1960s <mask>' photographs were used in a Nilsen Company publication titled Printing is People c1966. <mask>' work was as an "example of excellence" and used to teach photography students at RMIT the use of available light. In 1964, while living in her Nicholson Street Fitzroy Studio, <mask> was introduced to the Spanish scene and recorded various troupes, well represented in the <mask> collection. This was a place where she felt truly comfortable for the first time since arriving in Melbourne. It had the vibrancy and diversity that she missed from her Chicago home. Here she met her future partner, <mask>, with whom she had a son, Stevan, in 1967.In 1968, <mask>, Jose and Stevan moved into a commercial studio in Martin Street Gardenvale with her ex-husband Clement Fraser. He had produced a map for the Liberal Government, titled, 'Australia the Awakening Giant'  and was making a good living selling it all over the country. When the Whitlam government won the election in 1972, the map was discontinued as a promotional tool and Clem left the studio lease to <mask> and Jose. Two photographs included in Walkabout magazine (c1966) and taken under the name of <mask> Fraser, are included in the State Library of NSW Library photography collection. The middle years – 1970s–1980s

Although they didn't marry, <mask> decided to take Jose's name and from thenceforth was known as "<mask>". During the 1970s, <mask> continued as a commercial photographer, with work from advertising agencies, such as Clemenger and Klempke. In 1975, The Toorak Times noted that <mask> "excels in art photography" while their front cover featured one of her photos Reticulated Lady.She was also commissioned to take a portrait of Sidney Nolan's mother in St Kilda at Edgewater Towers, Marine Parade in 1977. <mask> spent two years as staff photographer of Southern Cross News during this time – recording a huge range of events and personalities, including Tommy Hanlon from Ashton's Circus. In the 1980s, <mask> continued to operate a commercial studio in Martin Street, Gardenvale and became known for portraiture and actors' composites, forming alliances with Sascha Agency and JM Casting. One of <mask>' subjects, sixteen-year-old actor Gwendolen De Lacy, became a lifelong friend and would later be instrumental in archiving, curating and promoting <mask>' work. <mask> moved from her Gardenvale studio in the late 1980s and operated from a flat on Grosvenor Street, Balaclava, where she made a darkroom in a rundown shed and became known for photographing actors in doorways and laneways – always using available light. 1990s – The later years

<mask> had to move again and this time, she took an apartment around the corner in Gourlay Street, which had no darkroom; however, she continued with her work. Her knack for capturing the soul of the artist saw her portraiture of actors becoming a major interest.She photographed scores of plays at La Mama, The Courthouse and Playbox theatres in the 1990s. In the late 90s, partner Jose suffered a heart attack and <mask>' work started to wind down. In 2003, <mask> had a bad fall, which resulted in two months in Caulfield Hospital. Later that year, Jose died suddenly of a second heart attack. Collaboration with Gwendolen De Lacy

In 2004, <mask>' friend Gwendolen De Lacy, began archiving <mask>' collection. In 2005, some highlights from the extensive collection were presented as a slide show to two packed audiences at La Mama Theatre's Courthouse, to celebrate <mask>' 80th birthday. It was a sell-out event, which generated long-overdue interest in <mask>'s life and career, and prompted a mention in the Victorian State Parliament in a speech by Johan Scheffer; "Her life has been hard and this has been a rich treasure house of insight and inspiration for a great art."This led to her first retrospective exhibition – Into the Light, which opened at City of Melbourne Museum at Old Treasury in 2007. The exhibition was printed by photographic artist and printer Tiffaney Bishop. An Australian tour commenced and in 2008, <mask> featured on ABC 'Sunday Arts' television program. In 2010, the State Library of Victoria purchased Into the Light, the exhibition and the entire <mask> archive spanning 50 years of <mask>' work. Some of these images were included in a group show from the library collection. Called As Modern as Tomorrow: photographs in Post War Melbourne, The exhibition was held from 1 July 2011 to 5 February 2012 and included works by immigrant peers Mark Strizic and Wolfgang Sievers. Historian of photography Gael Newton commented in the State Library News that:

"The sole woman working in commercial illustration included in As Modern as Tomorrow is previously overlooked American immigrant <mask>, whose distinctively moody work has only quite recently been reintroduced to Melbourne viewers and acquired by the Library."In 2011, <mask> was selected as a Core Program Artist with the Ballarat International Foto Biennale and her exhibition One-way Ticket featured more than 35 images from the <mask> Collection that had never been seen before. This exhibition celebrated the first 25 of <mask>' life as an artist and commercial photographer. In 2012, the National Library of Australia purchased 18 of <mask>' photographs, catalogued under Australian life, 1960–1990 / <mask>. <mask> was subjected to extensive surgery for the removal of her left eye due to skin cancer. Following a fire in her home, she moved into long-term accommodation at Sacred Heart Mission in St Kilda – her local stomping ground. She lived at Sacred Heart Mission until her death in October 2016. The <mask> Photography Prize for Women  has been awarded biennially since 2015, celebrating her life and contributions.It is open to women photographers of all ages, and the media release requests that the artists "should use available light", a feature of much of her work. Exhibitions
 As Modern as Tomorrow – Photographers in Post-war Melbourne (Group exhibition),  State Library of Victoria, ] 1 July 2011 – 5 February 2012
 <mask>, One-way Ticket  Ballarat International Foto Biennale,  Mining Exchange, 12 Lydiard St North, Ballarat, 20 August – 18 September 2011
 <mask> – Into the Light:, Kingston Arts Centre, 979 Nepean Highway, Moorabbin, Victoria, 20 March – 6 April 2009
 The Drum Theatre, Dandenong Town Hall,  City of Greater Dandenong, 16 April – 12 June 2009
 Portland Arts Centre,  Cnr Glenelg and Bentinck St, Portland, Victoria, 19 January – 27 February 2009
 Carnegie Gallery, Hobart, 16 Argyle St, Hobart, Tasmania, 2 July – 9 August 2009
 Burrinja Gallery, 351 Glenfern Road, Upwey, Victoria, 11 April – 13 July 2008
 Colac Otway Performing Arts & Cultural Centre, Cnr Gellibrand & Rae St, Colac, Victoria, 25 July – 14 September 2008
 City Museum at Old Treasury, Spring Street, Melbourne, 10 March – 24 June 2007

Collections

State Library of Victoria
In 2010, The State Library of Victoria purchased Into the Light, the exhibition and the entire <mask> archive – spanning 50 years of photography. Over 1000 images have been digitised and are available online through the library catalogue. Some titles include:

 <mask>'s journey from Hawaii and arrival in Sydney on the ship Canberra 1961
 Tony MacDougall's wife and three children, 1963
 Lorna Saba, 1966
 Experimental with the Cherokees, between 1960 and 1979
 Melbourne Maternal Health, nurse visiting new mother, between 1960 and 1969. Child with an elephant at a circus, between 1960 and 1969
 Crowds at the beach between 1960 and 1969
 Woman working in clothing factory. between 1960 and 1969
 Myer Music Bowl ; [Person on trampoline in front of a ferris wheel] between 1960 and 1969
 Children playing; beach scenes; portraits of Tommy Hanlon Jnr. and a boy; between 1960 and 1969
 Stockton Riley, musician 1980
 Bill Ford, good friend and philosopher 1961
 Lindsay Saddington, actor, teacher, Sascha Agency, 1983
 Geoff Jenkins, 1963
 Patrick Alexander (AWG) – poet and repairman 1987
 The Brotherhood of St. Laurence 1962
 Chicago 'Indian Girls' portraits, 1961
 Helen Jackson, radio presenter ABC /3AW 1979
 Ava Brown and family, Chicago, Jewish family, 1959
 Grace Luminato, La Italiana, La Superba, 1988
 Tony MacDougall's wife and three children.1963

National Gallery of Australia
The NGA purchased four prints in 2011:
 Skipping, Lower North Center, Chicago, c 1960 prtd c 2011 Photograph, International Art, 2011.1439
 Coming or Going. Self-portrait with The Canberra, Melbourne, 1961 prtd c.2011 Photograph, Australasian Art, 2011.1440
 Elephant joy, Luna Park. c 1965 prtd 2011 Photograph, Australasian Art, 2011.1441
 Girl Hero (for Paddle Shoes) Printed by Tiffaney Bishop, Melbourne 2011, c 1965 prtd 2000 Photograph, Australasian Art, 2011.1442

National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia purchased 18 of <mask>'s photographs in 2012. These are catalogued under Australian life, 1960–1990 / <mask> and are listed below. Newspaper seller, Melbourne, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6000897 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Asleep at the races, Melbourne Cup, Flemington, ca.1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6000967 ca.1965 (2012 printing)
 Migrants on the railway, Gardenvale, Melbourne, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001024 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Audience at the Myer Music Bowl, Melbourne, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001047 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Beach father and son, St. Kilda, Melbourne, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001066 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Schoolboys reaching for the ball, in the Paddle Shoes commercial, Melbourne, ca.1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001103 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Flinders Street traffic, Melbourne, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001123 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Opera House construction, Sydney, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001131 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Higgins boys climbing down the side of their house, Malvern, Melbourne, ca. 1970 [picture]
 Gardenvale tunnel, an Australian ballet, Gardenvale, Melbourne, May 1970 [picture]
 The Canberra, Station Pier, Port Melbourne, ca.1965 [picture]
 Mobile broadcast studio for Radio Melbourne 3AW between Elwood and St. Kilda, Melbourne, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001244 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Echuca rodeo, Victoria, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001248 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 Elephant trainer and son, Melbourne, 1971 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001571 1971 (2012 printing)
 Spastic Centre bus, Melbourne, May 1970 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001641 1970 (2012 printing)
 The real Australian, portrait of a man at a bar, Brunswick Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, 1990 [picture]nla.pic-vn6001684 1990 (2012 printing)
 <mask>, Port Melbourne, ca. 1965 [picture] nla.pic-vn6001693 ca. 1965 (2012 printing)
 <mask> working, Chicago, Illinois, ca.1960 [picture]

Major media coverage
 Botticelli Reimagined, Evans, Weppelman, McMahon and Montua, Victoria and Albert Museum Publishing, London 2016. Pro Photo Magazine – April 2012: Article by Alison Stieven-Taylor. ISSN 0159-8880. Pro Photo Magazine – September/October 2011, (Pages 18–20).

masks:
Maggie Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Maggie Besson
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Maggie
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Jose Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Maggie Besson
Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Maggie
Maggie Diaz
Maggie Diaz
Maggie Diaz


text_chunks:
<mask> (born November 18, 1955) is a Dominican former professional baseball catcher and manager. Though he batted just .193 over his career, he managed to put together a nine-year career as a back-up catcher thanks to his exceptional defensive abilities. He is the cousin of Los Angeles Dodgers first baseman <mask>. Career

Houston Astros
Seventeen-year-old <mask> signed with the Houston Astros as an amateur free agent out of the Dominican Republic in . He batted .230 with five home runs and 107 runs batted in over five seasons in their farm system when he made his debut as a September call-up in . He got one hit in fifteen at-bats over the remainder of the season. More importantly, he caught four of eight attempted base stealers.He started the  season in the minors, but was brought up mid-season around the time the Astros dealt starting catcher Joe Ferguson to the Los Angeles Dodgers. He platooned behind the plate with former first round draft pick Bruce Bochy, who was also called up at around the same time, for the remainder of the season. <mask> batted a modest .131 with one home run and eleven RBIs. The Astros acquired Alan Ashby from the Toronto Blue Jays to assume the starting catcher job in . Bochy was given the back-up catcher job, and Pujols was reassigned to the triple A Charleston Charlies. In Charleston, he put together his finest season at any level, batting .249 with six home runs and 41 RBIs. He was called up to Houston in late August to again platoon with Bochy after Ashby injured himself in a game against the Montreal Expos, and was lost for the season.He was the hero of his second game back in the majors. In a tight race for the National League West, <mask> hit a triple and a double, driving in two and scoring one run to lead his team to a 9-4 victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers. He also had a three RBI game against the Atlanta Braves on September 25. For the season, he batted .227 with eight RBIs as the Astros finished a game and a half back of the Cincinnati Reds. In , <mask> spent his first full season in the majors. He batted .199 with twenty RBIs for an Astro team that captured its first division crown in franchise history. Though both were hobbled with injuries, <mask> actually received the bulk of the playing time over Ashby in the 1980 National League Championship Series against the Philadelphia Phillies.In thirteen plate appearances, he drew three walks and hit a triple off Hall of Famer Steve Carlton. Following Carlton Fisk's departure from the Boston Red Sox via free agency, Pujols was rumored to be headed to Boston for Joe Rudi, but nothing ever materialized. Instead, he remained in Houston, and was on his way to his best season statistically when a players strike interrupted his season. On May 19, after hitting a triple against the St. Louis Cardinals' Bob Shirley, Pujols stole home for the only stolen base of his career. He batted .254 with one home run and eight RBIs in the first half, while batting .224 with six RBIs and no home runs in the second half. Still, the Astros won the NL West in the second half of the season to return to the post-season a second year in a row. <mask> came to bat seven times in the 1981 National League Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers without getting a hit.Pujols had a nightmare of a game on June 24, . With knuckleballer Joe Niekro on the mound, he was charged with four passed balls and allowed two additional wild pitches. He'd had only two passed balls up to that point in the season, but ended up leading the majors with twenty in only 488 innings behind the plate by season's end (the Texas Rangers' Jim Sundberg had the second highest with sixteen in 1136.2 innings). Likewise, his hitting tapered off as well as the season progressed. After his batting average peaked at .276 on July 2, he batted just .161 the rest of the way. He did, however, have a career high four home runs. Final years
He split the  season between the Astros and Triple A Tucson Toros, and spent the entire  season in Tucson until being dealt to the Kansas City Royals for minor leaguer James Miner.He appeared in four games for the Royals that September, collecting one hit in five at-bats. He signed with the Texas Rangers for , and seemed in line to win the back-up catcher job until pulling a muscle in his right arm in Spring training. After appearing in one regular season game, a fractured shoulder cost him the entire season. He returned healthy the following Spring, but failed to make the club. He spent the  season in the minors with the Rangers, and the  season in the Montreal Expos' organization before retiring. He spent the  season as a member of the West Palm Beach Tropics in the Senior Professional Baseball Association. Coaching
When Felipe Alou had the interim tag removed from his managerial position with the Montreal Expos for the  season, he asked Pujols to serve as his first base coach.He remained there through the  season, moving into the bench coach position for . On July 20, he was fired and replaced by Jeff Cox. He managed the Detroit Tigers' double A Eastern League affiliate, the Erie SeaWolves, to an 84-58 record in  before becoming bench coach with the major league club for the  season. He ended up becoming the Tigers' interim manager for most of the season after Phil Garner was fired six games into the season. Tigers GM Dave Dombrowski hired Felipe Alou to be Pujols' bench coach for the remainder of the season. On June 25, history was made when the Tigers faced off against the Kansas City Royals, who were managed by Tony Peña. It was the first time two Dominican-born managers opposed each other in a major league game.An infamous incident in <mask>'s year managing was when the Tigers somehow batted out of order. <mask> was released at the end of the 2002 season. Under <mask>, the Tigers posted a 55–100 record for a .355 winning percentage, the worst of any manager in club history. He ended up following Alou to the San Francisco Giants, where he served as first base coach until Alou and his entire staff were fired at the end of the  season. When Alou was named manager of the Dominican team in the 2009 World Baseball Classic, <mask> joined him there as well. On December 10, , <mask> was named manager of the Corpus Christi Hooks, Class double A farm team of the Houston Astros. On February 25, 2013, he became the Manager for the Delmarva Shorebirds, the lower level Single-A affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles.In February 2014 he was named the manager for the Frederick Keys, the advanced Single-A affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles. References

External links

<mask> at Yahoo Sports! 1955 births
Living people
Cedar Rapids Astros players
Charleston Charlies players
Columbus Astros players
Covington Astros players
Detroit Tigers coaches
Detroit Tigers managers
Dominican Republic baseball coaches
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball people in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Dominican Republic national baseball team people
Dubuque Packers players
Houston Astros players
Indianapolis Indians players
Kansas City Royals players

Leones del Escogido players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos coaches
Oklahoma City 89ers players
People from Santiago de los Caballeros
San Francisco Giants coaches
Texas Rangers players
Tigres del Licey players
Tucson Toros players
West Palm Beach Tropics players

masks:
Luis Bienvenido Pujols Toribio
Albert Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Pujols
Luis Pujols
Luis Puls


text_chunks:
Captain <mask> (1877–1961) was a Buffalo Soldier born in Henrico County, Virginia, who served his country with distinction in the 25th Infantry Regiment and the 92nd Division of the United States Army. He served from 1897 to 1923, and was a veteran of the Indian Wars, Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, Border War, and World War I. He began his military career as a Private in Company D, 25th Infantry Regiment. Over the course of the many military campaigns he participated in, <mask> rose through the ranks, reaching the highest enlisted rank of his regiment, Sergeant Major. With the outbreak of World War I, and after many petitions and commendations, he attend officer training and was successfully commissioned as a Captain in 1917. <mask> was awarded a Certificate of Merit for "coolness, presence of mind, and bravery in saving lives of others at Fort Niobrara," by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906. After the Certificate of Merit Medal was declared obsolete in 1918, his medal was first exchanged for the newly established Distinguished Service Medal, and, after a change in award regulations by Congress in 1934, converted into the Distinguished Service Cross.Background and personal life
Born on July 24, 1877, in Richmond, Virginia, he was the son of an Irish slave owner, Louis Cunningham, and an enslaved African woman, who today is known only as Lizzie. He appears in the U.S. Census dated June 3, 1880, Henrico County, Virginia, as Louis Cunningham, age three. After the untimely death of his mother, he was raised by the <mask> family, listed in the census as "Arthur- stable hand", his son "David- tobacco hand", and daughter "Mary- washerwoman". He later changed his name to <mask>. While stationed at Fort Custer, Montana, he met and married Florence Blackwood, a young Native American woman of the Lakota (Sioux) born of the Burnt Thigh Tiyošpaye Band, which was later named the Rosebud Sioux, during the time period when the Dakota Territory became the State of South Dakota. After marrying, <mask> decided to make the U.S. Army his career, which involved frequent postings to many different areas of the country. Postings required many adjustments to new communities such as new local military schools and new neighborhoods for his young family, which then consisted of <mask>, Florence, daughter Mabel, and son Ernest.After the death of his first wife, Florence, <mask> remarried in 1931. He and his second wife Edith McClenny had a daughter, Elizabeth. Military career
After the end of the Civil War and just eight years before his birth, the U.S. Army had established four African American regiments which became the 24th and the 25th Infantry, and the 9th and the 10th Cavalry. At age twenty, in 1897, he enlisted as a young volunteer in the 25th Infantry and was sent to Fort Custer, Montana. Shortly after, he was sent to fight in America's first overseas conflict, the Spanish American War. Spanish–American War
Since 1885, Cuba had been fighting for independence from Spain. In 1898, when the battleship USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, American troops were mobilized for war.The African American regiments of the 24th and 25th Infantry and 9th and 10th Cavalry were in the forefront of the fighting. <mask> saw action at the Battle of El Caney. The following excerpt is an eyewitness account of charging the blockhouse at El Caney:

African American troops bravely served their country, but the U.S. War Department refused to promote African American men as commissioned officers. "Cap" nonetheless requested promotion as he had distinguished himself by recovering the horses of the mounted officers at great personal risk, and also saved the lives of four men of the regiment. In a letter to Captain W.S. Scott, Company G, 25th Infantry, Fort McIntosh, Texas, dated September 4, 1899, he wrote the following:

Philippine-American War
Following the surrender of Spain and ceding of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States, Filipino nationalists (Insurectos) began launching attacks against the American forces. <mask> reported to the Presidio, which was then a military training base located on the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, while on the way to the Philippines in early 1899.Upon arrival in the pacific on August 1, the 25th regiment was stationed on Mindanao, the second-largest island of the archipelago, and engaged in numerous skirmishes. <mask> was recommended for a commission as a Lieutenant to serve with the Philippine Scouts but was denied. Indian Wars & Certificate of Merit Action
Upon returning to the U.S., he was sent back to the frontier to once again serve as a Buffalo Soldier, patrolling and defending what was called the "Indian Territories"—the Western Plains region. An incident occurred while he served as 1st Sergeant at Fort Niobrara, Nebraska on July 3, 1906. A memorandum from the Acting Secretary of the U.S. War Department, Office of the Chief of Staff, Washington dated September 1906 states:

He was awarded the Certificate of Merit Medal on Sept. 25, 1906, by President Theodore Roosevelt. Border War
During the Border War, <mask> was sent to fight Mexican revolutionaries in skirmishes on the Texas–Mexican border. Later, between 1913 to 1917, the 25th Infantry Regiment was sent to Oahu, Hawaii where approximately 800 African American soldiers were housed in the Schofield Barracks.During 1917, he was assigned to special duty in Hartford, Connecticut where he served in the capacity of Ordnance Sergeant, a staff non commissioned officer, receiving and issuing all ordnance, (artillery, weapons, ammunition) "assisting the Property and Disbursing Officer for the State of Connecticut, per Special Orders #281 C.D. of Long Island Sound, Fort H.G. Wright, N.Y." Once again, he petitioned for appointment as "Commissioned Officer in the Colored Regiments" citing his exemplary service record:

Enlisted Jan. 20, 1897
Appointed Corporal and Sergeant Sept 25, 1898 Company D 25th Infantry
Promoted to 1st Sergeant July 26, 1900. Served in Company D 25th Infantry to Feb 26, 1901
Transferred to Company M
Appointed Corporal Sergeant and 1st Sergeant Company M 25th Infantry
Served in Company M to May 19, 1912
Battalion Sergeant Major 25th Infantry to May 2, 1914
Ordnance Sergeant US Army from May 2, 1914 to 1917. Awarded Certificate of Merit
Qualified as Expert Rifleman 1904, 05, 06, 07, 1910, 1912 and 1914. Qualified as Expert Pistol Shot 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913

Feature in The Crisis Magazine

As W.E.B. DuBois had founded The Crisis Magazine in 1910—the official publication of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the June 1917 issue featured Broadus as one of four "outstanding men of the month."His photograph shows him in formal military dress wearing the insignia of Regimental Sergeant Major on his left arm, black and gold service stripes above his wrists, ornamental braided cord across his chest, and over twenty medals from shoulder to waist. His feature in the magazine reads:

World War I
As the United States entered World War I, the 25th Infantry Regiment was assigned garrison duty in Hawaii and did not see combat. During this time, the military experienced a rapid buildup, including the addition of over 350,000 colored recruits and draftees, and required additional colored officers to train the draftees, as well as lead them in the field. <mask> took this opportunity to once again petition for promotion as Commissioned Officer and received another commendation. The letter was in support of sending him to, "the Reserves Officers Training Camp at Fort Des Moines, Iowa for the term of his instruction commencing June 18, 1917 … [as] he is in a high degree the type of a soldier desired there." After completing training with the Seventeenth Provisional Training Regiment at Fort Des Moines, <mask> received his commission as a Captain on October 15, 1917. He was subsequently assigned duty at Camp Funston.For the duration of the war, <mask> commanded a Military Police unit within the 317th Train Headquarters and Military Police Regiment, 92nd Division. Upon arrival in France and direct deployment of the division, the regiment's primary mission was "to provide battlefield circulation control to support the division's move into the Marbache sector near Pont a Mousson," which entailed operating traffic control points, and evacuating and managing enemy prisoners of war. This mission was notably achieved with great efficiency that enabled the division to advance without a break in momentum. After the war, the 92nd Division was dissolved, and <mask> continued his service in the military police, once again with the 25th Infantry Regiment. Retirement and legacy

After his military career ended, <mask> settled in the town of Mount Vernon, New York where he worked as Special Officer for the Mount Vernon police department and was employed by the Alcohol Tax Division of NYC until his retirement in 1947. By 1961, he had served his country for 26 years with "impeccable military and combat credentials" and was one of the last remaining Spanish–American War veterans. He died at age 83 in Veterans Hospital in Jamaica, NY and had a military burial in Long Island National Cemetery, Farmingdale, Long Island.The Certificate of Merit Medal that he was awarded as a young man in 1906 by President Roosevelt had been converted to the Distinguished Service Medal in 1919. By the "Act of Congress approval March 5, 1934, authorization of the U.S. War Department," the Distinguished Service Medal was converted into the Distinguished Service Cross. This award was sent to his surviving family, who presented it as a gift to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. and accepted by the Museum's Curator of Collections His military papers were donated to the Library of Virginia Foundation, on behalf of the Library of Virginia. Citation

In 2007, his medal was donated by his family to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington, D.C., where it is included in its permanent collection and special exhibitions. Awards and decorations
 Distinguished Service Cross
 Distinguished Service Medal (Updated and upgraded to Distinguished Service Cross)
 Certificate of Merit (Initially awarded, later converted to Distinguished Service Medal)
 Expert Rifleman (1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1912, 1914)
 Expert Pistol Shot (1910, 1911, 1912, 1913)

Additional Images

References

1877 births
1961 deaths
People from Henrico County, Virginia
Buffalo Soldiers
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War I

masks:
Lewis Cunningham Broadus
Lewis
Lewis
Broadus
Lewis Broadus
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis Broadus
Lewis
Lewis
Broadus
Lewis
Broadus
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis


text_chunks:
<mask> (born April 26, 1959) is an American sociologist, filmmaker, social critic, educator, and writer. Zuberi has appeared in several documentaries on Africa and the African diaspora, including Liberia: America's Stepchild (2002), and 500 Years Later (2005). He is one of the hosts of the long-running PBS program History Detectives. As founder of his own production company, he produced the film African Independence, which premiered at the San Diego Black Film Festival in January 2013. He is the Lasry Family Professor of Race Relations, Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department, and professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Biography
Born Antonio McDaniel to Willie and Annie McDaniel, and raised in the housing projects of Oakland, California in the 1970s, he changed his name to <mask>, which is Swahili for "beyond praise" and "strength". Zuberi says that he "took the name because of a desire to make and have a connection with an important period where people were challenging what it means to be a human being."<mask> received a bachelor's degree from San Jose State in 1981, a master's degree from Sacramento State in 1985, and a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1989. In 1988, he joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, where he became the Lasry Family Professor of Race Relations, the Chair of the Sociology Department, and the Director of the Center for Africana Studies. He has been a visiting professor at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, and the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. <mask>'s research focuses on race and African and African diaspora populations. He has conducted research in the fields of social statistics and population studies (demography). He has been a guest lecturer at colleges and universities and on television programs. In 2013, Zuberi produced his first documentary, African Independence.The film premiered at the San Diego Black Film Festival in January 2013. The film discusses the beginning of the independence movement and the problems faced by the movement to win independence in Africa. Educational career
Professor <mask> <mask> is the Lasry Family Professor of Race Relations, and Professor of Sociology and Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He has been a visiting professor at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda; the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania; in 2014 he held the Chair of the Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and in 2016 he served as the Distinguished Visiting Professor for the Coordination Foundation for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel- CAPES at the University of Brasilia and the Federal University of Bahia. During his time at the University of Pennsylvania he has served as the Chair of the Graduate Group in Demography, the Director of the African Studies Program, the Director of the Afro-American Studies Program, and Faculty Associate Director of the Center for Africana Studies. From 2002 to 2008, he served as the founding Director of the Center for Africana Studies. From 2007 to 2013, he served as Chair of the Department of Sociology.<mask>'s educational career ranges from teaching to formal demographic analysis, archival creation and research, writing, curator of museum exhibitions, hosting a TV series (the PBS History Detectives), and producing and directing documentaries. His work is collaborative, interdisciplinary, and academically rigorous. His work ranges from the hard social sciences to the softest of the humanities. His research interests have focused on sociology, demography, and Africana Studies. Dr. <mask> is the author of "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot: The Mortality Cost of Colonizing Liberia in the Nineteenth-Century", published by the University of Chicago Press in 1995; "Thicker than Blood: How Racial Statistics Lie", published by the University of Minnesota Press in 2001; "Más espeso que la sangre: la mentira del análisis estadístico según teorías biológicas de la raza", published by Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in 2013; and "Africa Independence: How Africa Shapes the World", published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers in 2015. He has edited or co-edited eight volumes. These edited volumes include "White Logic, White Methods: Racism and Methodology" (with Eduardo Bonilla-Silva) that was awarded the Oliver Cromwell Cox Book Award by the American Sociological Association.Curatorial Projects
Dr<mask> is the curator of several exhibitions. He curated Tides of Freedom: African Presence on the Delaware at the Independence Seaport Museum (Premiered in May 2013). He produced and directed five interstitials for inclusion in the Tides of Freedom gallery. His exhibition, Black Bodies in Propaganda: The Art of the War Poster premiered at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in June 2013. Black Bodies in Propaganda presents 33 posters from Dr. <mask>’s private collection. The Black Bodies in Propaganda exhibit was also presented at the Northwest African American Museum in Seattle, Washington (2016), and at the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art, Tulsa, Oklahoma (2017). Professor Zuberi curated the redesign of the Penn Museum Africa Gallery “AFRICA GALLERIES from Maker to Museum” (2019).He directed ten interstitials for inclusion in the AFRICA GALLERIES from Maker to Museum gallery. African Census Analysis Project
<mask> has headed the African Census Analysis Project (ACAP), a project initiated by the United Nations to advance the process of census enumeration in Africa. Although census-taking eventually became routine, the preservation and analysis of the resultant data were not fully developed within African statistical offices. In recognition of the need to preserve African census data, to avoid perpetual loss due to poor storage, and to encourage and enhance further analysis, dissemination, and utilization of the massive census data, ACAP was undertaken as a joint initiative of the Population Studies Center at the University of Pennsylvania and African governmental and research institutions. The goal was to promote collaboration among African governments and research institutions at archiving and analyzing African census data, both at national and sub-national levels, and to inform appropriate policy interventions on the continent. History Detectives
<mask> is a host on the PBS television program History Detectives. The show devotes itself "to exploring the complexities of historical mysteries, searching out the facts, myths and conundrums that connect local folklore, family legends and interesting objects."<mask> has taken the audience on an investigation by racing around Death Valley in a 1932 Ford roadster and tracked down a Japanese internment camp survivor. Producer of the show, Tony Tackaberry says "Along with his expertise, <mask> has a strong, engaging, excited personality that comes through." Documentary Projects
He is the writer and producer of African Independence, a feature-length documentary film that highlights the birth, realization, and problems confronted by the movement to win independence in Africa. African Independence was selected and featured at over a dozen film festivals, and was the recipient of various awards. Completed in 2020, his feature-length documentary on the history of ancient Ghana, Mali, and Songhay is entitled Before Things Fell Apart (2020). His most recent short documentary on African material culture in museums is entitled Decolonizing the Narrative: Africa Galleries from Maker to Museum (2020). The first in a series of 3 short documentaries, Africa Galleries from Maker to Museum, is a 33-minute exploration of the debates about Museums, Reparations; Restitution; and Race.Publications

Book Projects
<mask> <mask>. African Independence: How Africa Shapes the World (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015). <mask> <mask>. Thicker Than Blood: An Essay on how Racial Statistics Lie (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001). Honorable Mention for the 2002 Gustavus Myers Book Award. Antonio McDaniel. Swing Low, Sweet Chariot: The Mortality Cost of Colonizing Liberia in the Nineteenth-Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).Edited volumes
<mask> <mask> and Eduardo Bonilla-Silva (editors). White Logic, White Methods: Race and Methodology (New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2008) — Winner of the 2009 Oliver Cromwell Cox Book Award, American Sociological Association. <mask> <mask>, Amson Sibanda and Eric Udjo (editors). The Demography of South Africa Volume 1 of the General Demography of Africa series, General Editor <mask> <mask> (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2005). Edited journal issues
<mask> <mask> and Tanji Gilliam (Special Editors), "Perspectives on Africa and the World". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, November 2010, vol.632 (132 pages). <mask> <mask> and Gale Garrison (Guest editors), "Back to the Future of Civilization: Celebrating 30 Years of African American Studies". Special Issue of Journal of Black Studies 2004, Vol. 35, Number 2. <mask> <mask> (Guest editor), "Racial Statistics and Public Policy". Special issue of Race and Society 2003 (mistakenly listed as 2001 on volume cover), Volume 4, Issue 2 (132 pages). Laura Chrisman, Farah Griffin and <mask> <mask> (Guest editors), "Transcending Traditions: African, African Diaspora, and African American Studies in the 21st Century", Special issue of Black Scholar 2000, Vol.30, No. 3-4 (80 pages). Elijah Anderson and <mask> <mask> (Guest editors) "The Study of African American Problems: Papers In Honor of W.E.B. Du Bois". Special issue of The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2000, vol. 568 (316 pages). Selected video clips
 African Independence Trailer
 History Detectives – Fan Q&A
 How Many in the Slave Trade
 Global Agenda Summit-Dubai-2008
 "Divided and Dangerous: Human History from a Different Angle"
 "The Final Demographic Racial Transition"

References

External links

Sociology site
African Census Analysis site

Center for Africana Studies site
History Detective site

1959 births
University of Pennsylvania faculty
American pan-Africanists
African-American television personalities
African-American social scientists
American social scientists
University of Chicago alumni
Living people
American demographers
PBS people
Social critics
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Tukufu Zuberi
Tukufu Zuberi
Zuberi
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Zuberi
Zuberi
. Zuberi
Zuberi
Zuberi
Zuberi
Zuberi
Tukufu
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi
Tukufu
Zuberi


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 25 May 1969) is a Malaysian scientist of Malaysian Indian origin. She works as the Global Coordinator of International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications (ISAAA) and executive director of Malaysian Biotechnology Information Center (MABIC). She has a bachelor's degree in biochemistry and microbiology from University Putra Malaysia, a Masters in Biotechnology and a Ph.D. in Science Communication from the University of Malaya. January 2003, she joined MABIC as a project officer and took over as the executive director in May 2005. She is listed as one of the 100 most influential people in the field of biotechnology by the 7th edition of The Scientific American Worldwide View: A Global Biotechnology Perspective Journal. Arujanan founded  the country's first biotechnology newspaper, The Petri Dish. She is a recipient of 2010 TWAS Regional Prize for Public Understanding of Science for East, Southeast Asia, and Pacific Region, and has been listed as one of the prominent women in biotechnology law and regulations by Biotechnology Law Report.She was recognized as one of the Great Women of Our Time by the Malaysian Women's Weekly in their December 2015 issue. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Klang Valley, Malaysia to a Tamil school headmaster. <mask> Arujanan started her primary and secondary education at Convent Klang and continued her pre-university (STPM) at ACS Klang. She pursued her bachelor's degree in University Putra Malaysia, majoring in Microbiology and Biochemistry and graduated in 1993. She continued her Masters in Biotechnology at University of Malaya and graduated in 1997. Career

<mask> started her career as a Technical and Admin Officer with Sandoz Agro Chemicals in 1992. Her stint at Sandoz did not last long as the company merged with Ciba Geigy and the regional office she was working was closed.She joined The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, now known as Bioversity International as a Programme Officer. She left after 2 years to join the healthcare company DXN. Arujanan left DXN and joined Total Health Concept. 1999 to 2002, Arujanan was struggling to build a career and finally left Total Health Concept in 2002. She joined the Malaysian Biotechnology Information Centre (MABIC) in January 2003 as a Project Officer and was promoted to be the Executive Director in May 2005. Arujanan revamped MABIC, made efforts to introduce the center to key ministries and government agencies, and forged a strong relationship with international partners. She started engaging with various stakeholders to create awareness on biotechnology.This led her to be a pioneer in science communication in Malaysia. She was appointed the Global Coordinator of ISAAA on 1 May 2019. She is now responsible for the entire network of ISAAA that has its presence in South East Asia, South Asia, East Asia, Africa, USA, and Latin America. Arujanan continued her Ph.D. in science communication in University of Malaya and completed in 2013. Professional roles
Arujanan is appointed to a number of committees and advisory panels:
 FAO's International Consultant on Strategy for Public Participation and Outreach for Sri Lanka
Farming Future Bangladesh, Advisory Board Member
Cornell Alliance for Science, Advisory Board Member
National Bioethics Council, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
 Selangor Bio Council
 Industry Advisory Board, school of Science, Monash University Malaysia
 Industry Advisory Panel, Biotechnology Programme, Nilai International University
 Industry Advisory Board, School of Biosciences, Taylor's University
 Industry Advisory Board, Biotechnology Programme, Sunway University
 Industry Advisory Panel, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
 Industry Advisory Board, Quest International University Perak
 Adjunct Lecturer, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia
 Ad hoc Committee, Biosafety,  Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia
 Trainer/Consultant, Malaysian Bioeconomy Corporation
 Trainer, Industry Cluster of Excellence, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia

The Petri Dish
Arujanan is the founding editor-in-chief for the first science newspaper in Malaysia, The Petri Dish. The newspaper was initiated to bring biotechnology to the public domain. The newspaper started as a 12-page monthly in February 2011 with a circulation of 2,000 copies and has grown into a 20-page publication with 6,000 copies circulated to key stakeholders in the fields of science/biotechnology in Malaysia.With a strong belief that science should reach the public, Arujanan made efforts to circulate The Petri Dish to shopping malls, private hospitals, Starbucks outlets, and secondary schools. In Feb 2017, Arujanan was creating an online portal for The Petri Dish. Contributions

Biotechnology communication
 <mask> initiated several dialogues between scientists and ulama (Islamic scholars) to bridge the knowledge gap between the two groups. Despite being non-Muslim, she immensely contributed towards Muslim countries by creating awareness on agriculture biotechnology and food security. Her initiatives translate into the adoption of a resolution urging Muslim countries to adopt agriculture biotechnology. This is being used as a reference in Muslim countries. Arujanan introduced various non-traditional approaches to bring biotechnology to the public.One of it was through a fashion show. This was later adopted by her Kenyan counterpart. Arujanan also introduced a carnival concept to create awareness on biotechnology to school students by engaging them with public speaking, debates, quiz, poster drawing and coloring competitions
 <mask> was also very actively involved in advocating for a balanced biosafety regulation. She organized several conferences and seminars to create awareness among Malaysian and Asian scientists, policymakers, regulators and industry players on the need for a science-based biosafety regulation. Arujanan is a regular speaker around the world where she promotes agribiotechnology as a tool to ensure food security, alleviate poverty among farmers and sustainable development
<mask> also founded the Asian Short Course on Agribiotechnology, Biosafety Regulations, and Communication (ASCA) in 2018 to create a capacity building platform for Asian policymakers and regulators in modern aAgribiotechnology, a multidisciplinary sector that involves international and national law, the science of modern biotechnology, socioeconomics, risk assessment, and management and communication. ASCA allows Asian stakeholders to upscale themselves in these areas without having to seek for training in the USA. Society
Arujanan is an active speaker at schools and community events.Roles and awards

References

Malaysian biologists
Malaysian people of Indian descent
Malaysian people of Tamil descent
Living people
People from Selangor
Tamil scientists
Tamil biochemists
1969 births

masks:
Mahaletchumy Arujanan
Arujanan
Mahaletchumy
Arujanan
Arujanan
Arujanan
Arujanan


text_chunks:
Dr. <mask> (1938 – 2017) was a research scientist in the US who attained honour in the 1980s, 1990s and in the 2000s as the President of Council of Khalistan, an organisation that supported the Khalistan Movement in Punjab region of India. Throughout those decades he was well known for his lobbying in the halls of the US Congress in Washington, DC. Early life, education and professional career
Dr<mask> was born in 1938 in district Lyallpur (today known as Faisalabad) in the pre-partition Punjab in the British India. His grandfather had moved the family to this region when it was master-planned and settled at the behest of the British Punjab government. His family village is Shahbazpur in District Amritsar near the town of Patti. As was often the case with the settlement of that region, most of his ancestral village established farming operations in the Lyallpur district and named their new village also Shahbazpur. It was in Chak 60, Jhang branch of the settlement.With the partition of Punjab that occurred upon India's freedom from the British rule in 1947, the Sikh families of Lyallpur region had to leave everything they had built with their toil and move across the India-Pakistan border to their ancestral villages. Dr. Aulakh studied at the Guru Gobind Singh Khalsa High School in the nearby village Sarhali Kalan. This was followed by a B.Sc. degree in Agricultural Science from Khalsa College in Amritsar in 1958. With this degree he secured a job with the Punjab Government as an agricultural inspector. In 1965 he emigrated to the U.K. Four years later he had an opportunity to come to the U.S. After acquiring an M.Sc. degree in genetics from North Carolina Central University, he studied at the Howard University in Washington D.C. and obtained a Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics.Dr. Aulakh worked initially as a geneticist at the NIH (National Institutes of Health) in Bethesda, MD, where he was a Senior Staff Fellow at the Bureau of Biologics as a special expert in the laboratory of Oral Medicine. Dr. Aulakh held further academic and research assignments, as a research scientist and Assistant Professor at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, respectively. He was the first to demonstrate unequivocal evidence of the footprints of viral genetic material in human cancer tissue which was absent in the normal tissue of the same person, thus proving the viral etiology of cancer. He carried out this work in the Tumor Cell Biology laboratory headed by Dr. Robert Gallo, who just a few years later co-discovered the AIDS virus. Dr. Aulakh also tested the swine flu vaccine for viruses before it was released to the public in the US in 1976. Before ending his professional scientific career, Dr. Aulakh was credited with more than 27 scientific publications in various prestigious scientific journals, as well as chapters in university level books pertaining to his research work. Khalistan movement
Before 1984 Dr. Aulakh had no political involvement - either in Punjab or in the United States.All that changed when in June 1984 the Indian Army launched a military operation in Sikhism's holiest shrine, the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar. The objective was to destroy the Sikh activists who were demanding more political autonomy for Punjab and the Sikhs and had turned portions of the temple complex into fortified positions in expectations of an attack. Large scale mayhem resulted and Indira Gandhi also ordered the army to storm tens of other gurdwaras throughout Punjab. All of Punjab was put under martial law and all communications were cut off. Thousands of Sikhs were killed and tens of thousands were imprisoned without due process during this campaign - named officially as Operation Bluestar by the Indian government. This inflamed the Sikhs everywhere and demand for an autonomous Sikh Homeland, a concept that had been around since the partition of Punjab in 1947, gained much greater support almost overnight. In July 1984 a conference of Sikh diaspora was held at the Madison Square Garden in New York.Sikhs from US, UK and Canada congregated, deliberated and then officially declared a demand for their own nation called Khalistan. An entity named World Sikh Organization (WSO) was created for this purpose. Dr. <mask> had no role in this outfit at the outset, but joined it later in 1984 to assist its general secretary: General J. S. Bhullar. Within four months Dr. Aulakh became convinced that this organization was not in the right hands and started his own efforts under the banner of International Sikh Organization. His efforts were almost entirely focused on lobbying the U.S. government and the media to pressure the Indian government to cease paramilitary operations in Punjab. In addition, to make matters worse, over three days in early November 1984, thousands of innocent Sikh men, women and children were killed in New Delhi and across northern India in the wake of Indira Gandhi's assassination by some Sikhs. The Indian government characterized this as spontaneous riots by Mrs. Gandhi's supporters, but the Sikhs and non-Sikh human rights organizations claimed that these were organized acts of pogroms against the Sikhs.Regardless, months had passed and the Indian government had taken no steps to identify the guilty parties and to bring them to justice. Lobbying in Washington D.C.

From 1985 onwards Dr. <mask> <mask> was an activist for the Khalistan cause and was able to receive occasional support from some politicians in the US and UK on this controversial topic. He had much greater success in bringing wide-ranging support to the plight of the Sikhs in India that suffered systematic, state-sponsored human rights abuses throughout the 1980s and 1990s. In 2013 Dr. <mask>'s organization (ISO) published a two volume set that compiled all the U.S. Congress statements and other reference documents regarding the Sikhs' movement for political and human rights in India. This compilation runs 1,600 pages and covers the period of 1985-2007. A much-shortened list of US Congressmen quoted in this compilation follows:

 Rep. Dan Burton (R), Indiana. Rep. Vic Fazio (D), California.Rep. Gene Chappie (R), California. Sen. Jesse Helms (R), North Carolina. Rep. Robert Dornan (R), California. Rep. George Miller (D), California. Rep. Bernard Dwyer (D), New Jersey. Rep. Wally Herger (R), California. Rep.Norm Shumway (R), California. Rep. Jack Fields (R), Texas. Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R), California. Edolphus Towns, member of the U.S. House of Representatives, from New York. He has been a supporter of Khalistan and Nagalim. Towns also wanted to "declare India a terrorist state" because of "the pattern of Indian terrorism against its minorities", an allegation that was summarily dismissed by the White House. Jesse Helms, former five-term Republican U.S.Senator from North Carolina. About two decades ago, he had circumvented the State Department's refusal of a visa to separatist Khalistan activist Jagjit <mask>an by inviting him to testify before a Senate agriculture committee he headed. Rep. Towns said in a Congressional Record statement that "the essence of democracy is the right of self-determination." Rep. Rohrabacher said in a statement, "For the people of Jammu and Punjab and Kashmir, India may as well be Nazi Germany." Thousands of Sikh-Americans throughout the United States worked locally with their representatives to raise the issues affecting their kin in India during these years. Many other organizations, including the WSO, were active as well in lobbying the politicians as well as bringing the facts to the media's attention throughout this period.However, Dr. <mask> was the lone representative of the Sikh-Americans in Washington DC from 1985 until the early 1990s - the peak years of the Khalistan movement in India. Legislative activities
Dr. <mask> and his supporters were successful in introducing anti-India legislations that opposed financial aid to India. They had several successes in the legislative branch, while the White House generally refrained from taking any concrete steps through four presidencies. In April 1987 the House Foreign Relations Committee reduced the monetary aid to India by $15M. In April 1988 the House passed a Sense of Congress resolution (HR 3199) titled "Human Rights of the Sikhs in the Punjab of India). In June 1991 Rep. Dan Burton was instrumental in having passed an amendment (the "Burton Amendment") to the International Cooperation Act (HR 4653) that forced the President to report to the Congress that the Indian government was taking steps to alleviate the human rights abuses taking place in Kashmir, Punjab and other parts of India. In 1997, HR 182, the Human Rights in India Act, was sponsored by Rep. Dan Burton (R-IN) and Rep. Gary Condit (D-CA).to cut-off U.S. development aid to India until the president certifies to Congress that India has taken "certain steps to prevent human rights abuses" in India. Another resolution, H. Con. Res. 37, sponsored by Condit and Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) called for an internationally supervised plebiscite in Punjab on the question of independence for the region. The act secured the support of only 82 members while 342 voted against it. Dr. <mask> was involved in these legislations. Opposition by India and Indian Groups

Starting in the late 1980s, especially after the House hearings related to HR 4653 in 1991, the Indian Embassy and the pro-India groups became much more active against the Sikhs' lobbying efforts in the US.This opposition had little effect as India, at the same time, kept stonewalling the international human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. It is interesting that coincidental with the U.S. Congress's legislative actions that became more assertive around this time, India finally started historic economic liberalization steps in 1991. This ultimately led to increased access to India by the human rights organizations; and subsequently the human right violation issues saw a substantial decline. Dr. Aulakh's all-too-evident zeal has often been the target of the Indian opponents. In one case, Dr. Aulakh faced accusations of obtaining signatures by deception in 2002 from US House Foreign Policy Aides when a publication on US Congress, The Hill stated that a legislative assistant to a Republican Congressman misled her office by implying to a staff member that the Congressman, John Shimkus, had agreed to sign a letter to the President calling for release of political prisoners in India. The Senior legislative assistant stated that Dr. Aulakh had already printed the letter with the name of the Congressman leaving a staff member to assume that the office had agreed to sign it. The same publication also quoted one aide with ties to the 131-member Congressional India Caucus as saying that Dr. Aulakh had been getting away with tricking staffers into signing letters for several years.Later Years
At the dawning of the 21st century, Dr. <mask> still remained steadfast in his aim, rhetoric and activities. He kept the office of the Council of Khalistan opened as long he was physically able. In 2012 Dr. <mask> was diagnosed with cancer. His activities declined after this time. He died on June 21, 2017, at his home in Washington, DC. He was survived by his wife Charnjit Kaur Sandhu and three adult children: Artinder Kaur <mask>, Urminder <mask> and Bikramjit <mask>h. On October 7, 2017, the thirtieth anniversary of Khalistan's declaration of independence, Dr.  Bakhshish <mask> of Philadelphia was named to succeed Dr. <mask> as President of the Council of Khalistan.Summary
Based on several interviews with Dr. <mask> over 2015-2017  (1984 Living History interview), he was driven by the principle of self-determination of the Sikhs in their ancestral land of Punjab. Having seen the trauma of the 1947 partition of Punjab at the age of 10, and then having seen Punjabi Sikhs' demands for greater economic and political freedom for the Punjab state as well as other states receive no consideration from the all-powerful central government of India, he became increasingly disenchanted. The military attack on the Golden Temple in 1984 was the last straw that caused him to give up a successful research position and devote the rest of his productive life to the cause of self-determination for the Sikhs. References

External links
 Khalistan movement

1938 births
2017 deaths
Howard University alumni
American Sikhs
Khalistan movement people
Anti-Indian sentiment in Asia
Punjabi people

masks:
Gurmit Singh Aulakh
. Aulakh
Aulakh
Gurmit
Singh Aulakh
Aulakh
Singh Chauh
Aulakh
Aulakh
Aulakh
Aulakh
Aulakh
Aulakh
Singh Aulakh
Singh Aulak
Singh Sandhu
Aulakh
Aulakh


text_chunks:
<mask> (3 May 1819 – 7 July 1885) was an Italian composer and conductor active in Naples. He composed numerous operas, the most successful of which, Don Checco and Napoli di carnevale, were in the  Neapolitan opera buffa genre. His other works included sacred music and art songs. His songs were particularly popular, bringing him fame as a salon composer both in Italy and abroad. <mask> died in Bari, the city of his birth, at the age of 66. Life and career
<mask> was born in Bari to Angelantonio and Lucia (née Favia) <mask>. He initially trained to be a flautist, first in Bari with his elder brother Giuseppe and then with Errico Daniele.Daniele recognized his talent and persuaded <mask>'s father to enroll him at the Conservatory of San Pietro a Majella in Naples. He passed the entrance examination at age 14 with sufficient merit to be awarded free tuition at the conservatory and continued his flute studies there with Pasquale Bongiorno. He also studied composition with Francesco Ruggi, Niccolò Zingarelli, and later with Gaetano Donizetti. According to contemporary accounts, he was one of Donizetti's favourite pupils. In 1839, while still a student, two of his compositions for soloists, chorus and orchestra were performed at the conservatory in honour of Count Wenzel Robert von Gallenberg who had died in March of that year. However, in 1841 he left San Pietro a Majella without completing his studies following a series of disputes with the Saverio Mercadante who succeeded Zingarelli as the conservatory's director in 1840. In 1842 <mask> made his debut as an opera composer with the premiere of his opera buffa, La casa di tre artisti, at the Teatro Nuovo.It was well received in Naples and replicated in Turin, Genoa and Milan in 1846 under the title L'arrivo del signor zio. While it was a success with the audiences of Genoa and Turin, the Milan reception suffered from a poor production and arguments between supporters of the old Neapolitan school exemplified by <mask>a and those of the new style exemplified by Verdi whose Due Foscari was also playing in city. He produced 14 more operas between 1845 and 1882, most of which were in the opera buffa and opera semiseria genres and premiered in Naples. He also composed in the opera seria  genre, but they were not nearly as successful and considered "pale imitations" of Donizetti. <mask>'s masterpiece and one of the last great successes in the history of Neapolitan opera buffa was Don Checco. It had a run of 98 consecutive performances at the Teatro Nuovo where it premiered in 1850 and was regularly produced in numerous opera houses in Italy and abroad over the next 40 years. It was produced in Naples as late as 1902 and was revived in 2014 in a co-production by the Teatro San Carlo and the Festival della Valle d'Itria.In middle age, <mask> began an active conducting career. According to musicologist Andrea Lanza, as a conductor he was "particularly admired for the scrupulousness of his orchestral balance and ensemble." He was Chief Conductor at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples for several seasons between 1860 and 1876, conducting amongst other performances, the premiere of Mercadante's Virginia in 1866 and the posthumous premiere of Donizetti's Gabriella di Vergy in 1869. His other conducting posts included the 1867–68 season at La Fenice in Venice, the 1870–71 season at the Khedivial Opera House in Cairo, and the 1873 season at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires. <mask>'s biographer, Alfredo Giovine, wrote that during this period he suffered two painful setbacks. He lost most of his savings when several Neapolitan banks failed, and later many of his manuscript scores disappeared while he was on one of his absences from Naples. He returned home to find that his maid had sold the scores for a pittance to the proprietor of a local delicatessen who used them for wrapping food.According to Giovine, <mask> eventually  replaced his lost savings with the money he earned from his successful conducting career. Despite his concentration on conducting after 1860, <mask> continued to compose operas, although several of them were revisions of earlier works. The most successful of these later works was Napoli di carnovale. The project was a protest against the "invasion" of Neapolitan opera stages by French operetta at the expense of the city's native musical culture. Set in a working-class neighbourhood of Naples at Carnival time, it recounts the ultimately successful campaign by Temostocle, nephew of the wealthy and pretentious Don Gasperone, to marry the daughter of a shoemaker. Napoli di carnovale premiered to great success at the Teatro Nuovo in 1876. It ran for 85 performances there and was subsequently performed in multiple Italian and foreign theatres over the next ten years.During this time <mask> was also active as a teacher at the Conservatory of San Pietro a Majella and in organizations dedicated to the encouragement of young musicians and composers. <mask> spent his last years in Bari under the care of his doctors and relatives. By June 1884 he was reported to be suffering from insanity and severe physical debilitation. He no longer recognized the friends who came to visit him and frequently invoked his old teacher, murmuring "Donizetti!... student of Donizetti... I die looking up to the sky!". He died in July 1885 at the age of 66 and was buried in the city's Cimitero Chiesa Madre.The street Via Nicola de Giosa which ends at the Teatro Petruzzelli was named in his honour. He is also commemorated with a large statue which stands in the foyer of the Petruzzelli. It had survived the fire which virtually destroyed the original building in 1991. He also composed a Stabat Mater, Salve Regina, and  three sinfonie based on themes from his masses and the Dixit. In the early 1870s he composed a requiem mass in memory of Donizetti. The Donizetti requiem received its first 20th-century performance in 1997 at the Festival della Valle d'Itria. Other vocal
<mask>a composed over 400 art songs and pieces of salon music.Many of these pieces were published in 26 collections of his work—10 in Milan and 16 in Naples. He also wrote several longer pieces of vocal music for specific occasions:
Una lagrima sulla tomba del Conte Gallenberg (A Tear on the Tomb of Count Gallenberg), prayer for soloist, chorus, and orchestra (1839)
 Inno funebre, funeral hymn (also for Count Gallenberg) for four soloists, chorus and orchestra (1839)
Cantata for the dedication of the marble bust of Ferdinand II in the Acquaviva delle Fonti Cathedral (1853)
Cantata celebrating the wedding of Francis, Duke of Calabria and Princess Maria Sofia of Bavaria in Bari (1859)
Cantata in honour of the patron saint of Acquaviva delle Fonti (1864)

Notes

References

External links
Scores by <mask> at the International Music Score Library Project
"A Donizettian Life: <mask> <mask>" and "Il Vedovo Solitario", papers on <mask>'s life and his relationship with Donizetti by Donizetti scholar Alexander Weatherson

1819 births
1885 deaths
19th-century classical composers
Italian classical composers
Italian opera composers
Male opera composers
People from Bari
19th-century Italian composers
19th-century Italian male musicians

masks:
Nicola De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Gios
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Giosa
De Gios
De Giosa
Nicola De
Giosa
De Giosa


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 11 January 1953; full name: <mask> e <mask>), is a Konkani stage actor from Goa, India. He is a lyricist, writer, actor, comedian, and singer. Early life
He was born on 11 January 1953 at Curchorem to <mask>, a Toddy Tapper from Chandor, Goa and Conceicao Vaz, a house-wife from Dabal, Goa. He went to Guardian Angel High School in Curchorem and pass his S.S.C in 1971. He graduated in BA (psychology) from The Parvatibai Chowgule College, Margao, Goa in the Year 1975. While in the family were not inclined towards Tiatr, his elder brother, Late <mask> would sing and act in local village Tiatrs. Career (1965–present)

Acting
<mask> portrayed in his first Tiatr "Sukh ani Dukh" in 1965 for the Chapel Feast at Pontemol, Curchorem when he was 12 years old.The Tiatr was written and directed by Shri. Jose Fernandes, one of the village directors at that time. He was later picked by Albert Colaco, a writer from Sanvorderm who scripted and presented his Tiatr "Nimnno Ekuch Pelo". His first commercial stint was in the Tiatr "Noxibantlim Khoddpam" by Jess Fernandes from Quepem in1968. He performed as a Lead Actor / Comedian for some of the topmost writers and directors of his times viz. Late. M. Boyer, Late.Remmie Colaco, Late. C. Alvares, Late. Prem Kumar, Late. Bab Petre, Late. Jacinto Vaz, Late. Airistedes Dias, Late. Alfred Rose, Late.Fr. Planton Faria, Late. Robin Vaz, John Claro, Mike Mehta, Joe Rose, Anil-Fatima, Wilmix-Sharon, C.D'Silva, Tony Dias, Anthony San, Mendes Brothers, Jr. Nelson, Rico Rod, Peter Roshan, Tausif de Navelim, Anil Olga, Late. William de Curtorim etc. Besides this, <mask> also has performed in the Non-Stop Dramas directed by Late. Rosario Rodrigues, Late. Rosario Dias, Patrick Dourado, John D'Silva, Menino De Bandar, Pascoal Rodrigues, Milagres De Chandor, Menino Mario, Jose Rod, C. D'Silva, Christopher-Meena etc.Entry on stage as a comedian came about in Prem Kumar's Tiatr "Khotto Poiso" at first, which followed by C Alvares' Tiatr "Tuje Dolle" which later went to Gulf. In Tiatr "Tuje Dolle", the lead actor Remmie Colaco did not turn up. <mask> landed up handling the lead and comedy roles simultaneously, showcasing two dialects who named Bardez and Salcette respectively. Along with Salcette and Bardez, he can also speak fluent Mangalorean Konkani and perform musical shows in Mangalore. he has also doled out performances in Hindi Orchestras. Scripting and directing
<mask>'s first script was penned down at the age of 15 for Village Feast. At age Seventeen, he started scripting one act plays for the inter village one act play competition.He begged the Awards for Best Writer, Best Director and Best Actor for three consecutive years in the inter village one act play competition held from 1970 to 1972 for his play "Guireskai", "Onath" and "Tyag". Every year, during the Feast of St. Anthony, <mask> would gather local Actors and stage his Tiatr. After staging each of the Tiatr at the chapel, they were presented in surrounding villages like Sanguem, Uguem,and Rivona which with the help of local youth. Some of his most notable Tiatrs are "Doulot" (1969), "Odruxt" (1970), "Onath" (1974) and "Bhas" (1980). He is known to write his scripts in "Devnagri" as well as "Roman". An article was published by O Heraldo on 4 March 2019, He shared the story of why he gave up as a Writer & Director. As per <mask>, when Tiatr "Bhas" was staged, one of the most noted Artist, Remmie Colaco was invited as a chief guest.After the show, Remmie Colaco encouraged <mask> to stage the show all over Goa with assistance of Professional Cast. In the year 1985, <mask> Colaco, Anthony San, Angela, Telles Moraes, Willie-Luiza,and Com. Joanna, but the most notable Artist was M.Boyer who is in his prime. when the first show was held in Margao, M.Boyer never turned up. <mask> quickly hired a Pilot (Motorcyclist) and went to M.Boyers residence in Raia. His wife stated that he was ill, but <mask> spotted him playing Carrom at Neighbors resident. After several pleading, he declined and Hortencio went back to the auditorium completely disappointed.Left with no other options, he explained the situation to the audience and requested to watch the show. If they unsatisfied, they could come back stage and take a refund. The show started and M.Boyers role was played by <mask>s elder brother. He shares in an interview that the audience returned home satisfied, among whom, was noted Artist, Late. Prem Kumar was equally happy with show. Due to M.Boyer's Absence, spectators from other places like Sanvordem, Vasco, Panjim returned their tickets, which caused him a loss of 15000 INR ( INR as of 2019). <mask> vowed to never to script and stage a Tiatr again, but continued his career as an Actor and singer-songwriter as well as write comedy for his acts.He later went on to act and sing for Goa's top most directors. After almost a decade, Director & Political Singer, Late. William de Curtorim encouraged <mask> to take up writing again & he became a ghost writer for the Late Artist by penning down six Tiatrs. During this time, <mask> also introduced his Nephew, Com. Nato on the stage. Later, <mask> joined Anthony Sylvester's troupe which led to an enmity between <mask> & William de Curtorim. but due to him leaving William de Curtorim's troupe, he started receiving offers from other directors as well.In the year 2016, <mask> penned down a Tiatr, "Hanv Vetam" which was staged during the annual Tiatr competition held by Kala Academy, Goa. The Tiatr was one of its kind for staging an entire cast as well as other units like Musicians, Lighting, Sound etc. from one Village i.e. Sanvordem. <mask> wrote the script, comedy and songs all by himself as well as Acted and Sang in the Tiatr. In 2019, <mask> wrote another Tiatr, "DySp Toney Tavares". Singing and Song-writing
<mask> has composed over 500 songs which were sung either by himself or someone else.almost all of his lyrics were based on Morals. He composed and sang most of the opening songs for some of the most notable directors, including C. Alvares, Bab Peter, Prem Kumar, Mendes Brothers etc. Melody King of Goa, Late. Alfred Rose sang the song "Khotte Vis", in the audio cassette "Bapaiche Tyag", even though he would only sing his own composition. <mask> gave the seconds for the same. He has also staged Musical Shows as well as performed in Musical Shows of Late. Chris Perry, Late.Alfred Rose, Aniceto, Soccoro de St. Cruz, Anthony San, Wilmix-Sharon, Mil-Mel-Nel, Late. Ulhas Buyao etc. he was also a regular performer for Neves Olieveiro's Orchestra, held in Mumbai, with Goa's Nightingale, Lorna. During his College days, <mask> won the best Poet Award (English) for 2 consecutive years from 1972 to 1973. He has produced 10 audio albums namely, "Avoicho Mog", "Sovostkaiechim Lharam", "Rochnar", "Khobrank Lagon", Bapaiche Tyag", "Mondir", "Kantteancho Mukutt", "Alvito D'cunha", "Kumaricho King" & "Avoicho Mog (Re-Release) ". Some of his most famous songs include "Very Good, Very Good" and "Xezari" which were originally written by Late. Domnic Vaz, but was improvised by <mask>.As per sources close to <mask>, he was the writer behind Chris Perry's famous song, "Kontrad Sansnacho". Sources claimed that the music was composed by Late. Chris Perry and the lyrics were written by <mask> for which he was paid the required royalty. <mask> has never confirmed the same, nor he has ever commented on it. In 2018, <mask> composed the song "Nokre Tuje", which was sung by Shine on Duo. As of 2019, <mask> was set to release his 11th Audio album, which will include 12 Tracks in 3 different languages (English, Konkanni and Hindi). All the lyrics will be written by <mask>.He is also one of the few Artiste to have performed in every Orchestra Group. Controversies

Church Conflicts
<mask> sparked controversy in his village of Curchorem when he openly sang about the church conflicts which was one of the most sensitive topics during the time. one night, after a football game, <mask> was followed by two locals on his way home, who wanted to confront him. However, he realized what was happening and quickly drove to his relatives house nearby. Kumaricho King
<mask>'s most controversial album was "Kumaricho King" which was one of his most famous as well as widely sold album. He received various phone calls from fans in Goa, as well as Goans settled abroad. He was praised by many as well as criticized by some.It all started when <mask> sang a song about his dear friend Late. Alfred Rose who was also called as Melody King and Man with a golden voice. at the end of the song, <mask> claimed that there will never be another Melody King on the Tiatr Stage. As per <mask>, at the time he had no idea that Lawry Travasso also called himself Melody King. Lawry was furious about the song and as a revenge he wrote and released a song titled "Potence" in his album, "Saibinnik Okman Korinaka". The song was to demean <mask> in which he claims that <mask> is an alcoholic and he would steal money from his Ex-Boss, Irineu Gonsalves and take his friends out for a drink. after the song was released, the very next day, Irineu Gonsalves gave a notice on O Heraldo in which he claimed that all the allegations made against <mask> were false and that he is not involved in any of it.As Lawry called himself Melody King, <mask> decided to name his next audio album "Kumaricho King" in which he retaliated by singing about Lawry's relationships which was another controversial topic. <mask> and Lawry finally settled their conflicts and also performed for the same Musical shows. Atankvadi Goyant Naka
<mask> was also a cast member of one of Goas the most controversial drama, "Atankvadi Goyant Naka" which was written and directed by Tausif de Navelim. On the day of the first show, Tausif and the rest of the cast, were escorted to the auditorium by police following threat calls by unknown callers. Personal life
<mask> has been married to his wife Matilda for more than 30 years and has 3 children. From the year 1982 – 1986, he was an English and Geography Professor for Don Bosco School, Rivona. Besides, performing as an Artiste, he has been an L.I.C.Agent for 18 years. <mask> & his wife Matilda also run a very successful company called "Mathor Chemicals" which is mostly handled by his wife. his company mainly deals in production & supply of Toiletries. Most of his customers are based in south Goa which gives him enough time to supply the orders during his free time. He was a devoted Goan Catholic and visits the church every Sunday with his wife Matilda. <mask> has been sober all his life & claims to have never touched a bottle of alcohol. On his wedding day, he never drank wine which is Traditional in Catholic weddings.when asked by the priest, he joked by stating, "from this day we are one body and one soul, so it does not make a difference who drinks the wine". <mask> is a Soccer fan. He represented his School, College for 4 years & was also the captain of his team. He also won the best player award for inter village tournaments. Until 2017, at the age of 64, he was an active veteran Footballer. He also attended the Germany vs Mexico match held at Luzhniki Stadium on 17 June for the FIFA World Cup 2018. Illness and Health
In 2018, <mask> unexpectedly took ill and at the request of the doctors, had to take a break from Singing and Acting for 6 months.After being treated for almost 7 Months, he stated in an interview with O Heraldo published on 4 March 2019, that he will not get back into acting immediately as to not cause any kind of embarrassment to the directors. Stage Credit

Albums

Awards

References

External links
Tiatrist <mask>’s fans got to know him, Tiatr Academy of Goa

Konkani people
Konkani theatre
Konkani-language writers
Konkani-language singers
People from Goa
Culture of Goa
Tiatrists
People from South Goa district
1953 births
Living people

masks:
Hortencio Pereira
Hortencio Saluzinho Eduardo Vaz
Pereira
Custodio Jose Pereira
Chrispino Pereira
Pereira
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencioie
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio
Hortencio