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<mask> (10 June 1869 – 14 September 1948) was a Romanian politician who served as an interim Prime Minister of Romania for five days, between 30 December 1933 and 3 January 1934. He was: Doctor of Medicine in Paris, Plenipotentiary Minister in the United States (1917–1918), Minister of Public Works and Communications, of the Instruction and Cults several times, Prime Minister after the death of I.G. Duca, professor and director of the surgical clinic at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest. Early years
<mask> was born in 1869 in the family of <mask> (father), a merchant from Craiova, and of Theodore (mother), maiden name Geblescu, whose family was related to the Craiovești family. After the years of education at Obedeanu primary school and at Carol I National College, he studied medicine in Paris. In  1897, in France, he has had his specialization  in surgery. He came back to the country, worked in surgery department of   Brincovenesc Hospital, then, at Philanthropy, becoming professor (1903) and director of the University of Surgery Clinic.By marrying <mask>-Monteoru, the daughter of millionaire Grigore Monteoru, he became the owner of the Sărata Monteoru spas, some of petroleum land and real estate in the Buzău area. Political activity
Dr. <mask> has started his political career within the National Liberal Party. In 1901, Dr. <mask> became an MP and senator, and later, the minister of public works (1914–1916) and minister of public guidance. As Minister of Public Works in the Government of Ion I.C. Brătianu, was especially charged with the organization of the Romanian military service, with Romania's entry into the global conflagration. The supporter for the accession to the Triple Entente caused the annoyance of the prime minister who had dismissed him during the establishing of the national union coalition. In 1917, during the evacuation of the government and king to Iasi, <mask> lived for a short time in Odessa, and then returned to the country.In January – March 1918 he was appointed the Romania's first plenipotentiary minister in Washington. Then in 1918, he was the Deputy Chairman of the National Council for the Romanian Unity established by Take Ionescu in Paris. Later he was the Minister of Public Guidance in Governments chaired by Ion I.C. Bratianu, and then by I. Duca, during which he made important reforms of modernizing education in Romania, as a continuation of those launched in the previous century and in  the beginning of the 20th century by his mentor and uncle, within the alliance, Spiru Haret . His motto was: "School as much as possible! School as good as possible!" The constitutional text on education, as it was formulated on March 29, 1923 was based on the principles of freedom of education, compulsory primary education and free primary education.He contributed to the adoption of the Law on the state primary education and of the normal-primary education of June 26, 1924, to the uniformity of the education system in Romania. In 1925, he established baccalaureate examinations. Over time, relations with Ion I.C. Bratianu improved, and Dr<mask> was next to him in the moments after the assassination attempt in 1904 and in the last hours of his life in 1927, when he closely supervised the medical-surgical treatment he had given. After the assassination of Prime Minister Ion G. Duca, he was for four days interim prime minister, forced to give way to Gheorghe Tătărescu. He eventually accepted to be the minister of national education in the cabinet headed by Tatarescu. In 1938–1940, during the royal dictatorship of Carol II of Romania, Dr. <mask> served as State Secretary (in the government chaired by Patriarch Miron of Romania) and then a royal counselor.He is one of the members of the Crown Council chaired by Carol II who voted for the cession of Bessarabia and northern Bucovina to the Soviet Union following the ultimatum given to Romania on June 26, 1940. Together with Dinu Brătianu, he was against the Second Vienna Award. Over 24 years, Dr. <mask> <mask> was the president of the Romanian Athenaeum (1923–1947), and between 1941–1947 he was president of the Cultural League. On 24 May 1934 he was elected honorary member of the Romanian Academy. He was a founding member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. According to some sources, in 1943, together with Dr. Nicolae Lupu, he proposed to re-establish the right of the Jews to free practice, as it had been taken by the Antisemitism legislation of 1940. In September 1948 he died at the French hospital Vincent de Paul in Bucharest.Death freed him from arrest and detention in communist prisons. The family
He had three daughters: Elizabeth, Ioana and Elena, and three sons: Grigore, Alexander and <mask>. His daughter, <mask>, married mathematician Alexandru Ghika – the son of Grigore Ghika – a physicist. His daughter Ioana (Jeanne) <mask> married Stefan Ghika – Budesti, geologist, correspondent member of the Romanian Academy, the son of the architect Nicolae Ghika Budesti. And his third daughter Elena, was married with diplomat George Valimarescu. His son, <mask> C<mask> Monteoru (1905–2000), was a professor of constitutional law, dean of the law faculty at the University of Iasi. In the years of Stalinist repression, he was deported to the Danube-Black Sea Canal.His daughter Ioana <mask>, employed by Radio Free Europe, married to <mask>, musician. In memoriam
 The interdepartamental hospital "Al Sahia" of Bucharest  has been renamed into "Dr. Constantin Angelescu". A theoretical high school in Bucharest and the college in Buzău were named in honor of <mask> <mask>. His family set up a foundation called the Romanian School of <mask> <mask>

References

1869 births
1948 deaths
People from Craiova
National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875) politicians
Prime Ministers of Romania
Romanian Ministers of Communications
Romanian Ministers of Culture
Romanian Ministers of Education
Romanian Ministers of Public Works
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
Members of the Senate of Romania
Governors of the National Bank of Romania
Ambassadors of Romania to the United States
Honorary members of the Romanian Academy
Members of the Romanian Academy of Sciences
National Renaissance Front politicians

masks:
Constantin Angelescu
Constantin Angelescu
Dumitru Angelescu
Virginia Constantinescu
Angelescu
Angelescu
Angelescu
. Angelescu
Angelescu
Constantin
Angelescu
Constantine
Elisabeth Angelescu
Angelescu
Constantin
. Angelescu
Angelescu
George Angelescu
Constantin
Angelescu
Constantin
Angelescu


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<mask> (born February 6, 1990) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 82nd overall at the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the New Jersey Devils. Early life
<mask> was born in Brantford, Ontario, to Joe and <mask>, the second-oldest of four brothers. His father is Portuguese and his mother is Polish. His paternal grandparents speak Portuguese; his father also speaks some Portuguese, while his mother speaks Polish. <mask> farms 50 acres of tobacco and ginseng in Burford, Ontario, about 90 minutes southwest of Toronto. Playing career

<mask> grew up in the small rural town of Burford, Ontario playing minor ice hockey for the Burford Coyotes of the Ontario Minor Hockey Association (OMHA) Southern Counties League.He played in the 2003 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Brantford 99ers. He then graduated to the AAA Brantford 99ers of the Pavilion League where he played until Minor Midget in the 2005–06 season. In May 2006, <mask> was selected in the second round, 24th overall, in the 2006 OHL Priority Selection by the Windsor Spitfires. He then went on to win the Memorial Cup with Windsor in both 2009 and in 2010. In 2014, his jersey number 14 was retired by the Spitfires. <mask> was a member of the Gold Medal Team Ontario U-17 team at the Canada Winter Games in Whitehorse, Yukon, in February 2007. On the team, he was a teammate of eventual NHL first round draft selections Steven Stamkos, Alex Pietrangelo, Michael Del Zotto and Cody Hodgson.<mask> joined the 2008 NHL Entry Draft after graduating from Assumption College School in Brantford. Professional

New Jersey Devils
On April 11, 2011, <mask> made his NHL debut for the Devils in a game against the Boston Bruins. He scored his first career NHL goal on November 3, 2011, against Sergei Bobrovsky of the Philadelphia Flyers. Two nights later, <mask> scored two breakaway goals against the Winnipeg Jets, the second goal being the game winner in overtime. With the absence of centre Travis Zajac due to injury, <mask> was matched up with wingers Zach Parise and Ilya Kovalchuk on the team's first line for a short time. <mask> recorded his first career NHL fight on January 10, 2012, against the Calgary Flames. The same night, he also secured his first Gordie Howe hat trick (a goal, an assist and a fight in the same game).He fought Flames' captain Jarome Iginla in the first period and went on to record an assist and score a shorthanded goal in the second period. Iginla also recorded a Gordie Howe hat-trick in the game, with a goal and two assists in addition to his fight against Henrique. <mask> was selected to compete in the NHL All-Star Rookie SuperSkills Competition in Ottawa on January 28, 2012. However, he did not participate due to a groin injury he received in a game against the Edmonton Oilers on January 11. He missed two games due to the injury and returned in a game against the Buffalo Sabres; he "tweaked" his groin again that night, initially causing him to withdraw from the competition. Rookie teammate <mask> also pulled out of the Game due to wrist soreness. <mask> was replaced by New York Rangers left winger Carl Hagelin, while Larsson with Montreal Canadiens defenceman Raphael Diaz.In the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals of the 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs, in Game 7 against the Florida Panthers, <mask> scored two goals, the latter being the double-overtime winner sending the Devils to the Conference Semifinals. In doing so, he became just the second rookie in League history to score an overtime-winning goal in a Game 7. On May 25, <mask> scored 1:03 into overtime to eliminate the New York Rangers and send the Devils to the 2012 Stanley Cup Finals. This made him the first rookie to score two series-clinching overtime goals in the same playoffs. At the end of the season, <mask> was one of the final three nominees for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the NHL's top rookie. The award, however, ultimately went to Gabriel Landeskog of the Colorado Avalanche. On August 26, 2013, <mask>, as a restricted free agent, signed a six-year, $24 million contract with New Jersey.During the 2015–16 season, <mask> scored a career-high 30 goals, almost doubling his previous season's total of 16. He also recorded a career-high 50 points, finishing second in team scoring only behind Kyle Palmieri. On October 29, 2016, <mask> scored his 100th career goal in a home game against the Tampa Bay Lightning. Anaheim Ducks
During the 2017–18 season, on November 30, 2017, <mask> was traded by the Devils, alongside Joseph Blandisi and a 2018 third-round pick to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for Sami Vatanen and a conditional draft pick in 2019 or 2020. When <mask> faced his former team for the first time on December 18, 2017, he was given a tribute video and a tremendous ovation from Devils fans. Despite a 5–3 Devils win, <mask> managed to net a superb goal by lifting the puck past Devils (and former Ducks) defender Sami Vatanen. On July 16, 2018, <mask> signed a five-year, $29.125 million contract extension with the Ducks.International play

<mask> first played at the International stage for Canada at the 2010 World Junior Championships, in Saskatchewan, Canada. He helped the hosts claim the silver medal, registering 1 goal in 6 games. On April 29, 2019, <mask> was named to the Team Canada roster to make his full international debut at the 2019 IIHF World Championship held in Slovakia. <mask> helped Canada progress through to the playoff rounds before losing the final to Finland to finish with the Silver Medal on May 26, 2019. He finished the tournament posting 2 assists in 10 appearances. In 2021, <mask> was again named to the Team Canada roster for the 2021 IIHF World Championship held in Slovakia. Henrique had an outstanding tournament, with 6 goals and 11 points in 10 games.Team Canada this time won the gold medal, defeating Finland in the final. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Albany Devils players
Anaheim Ducks players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian people of Polish descent
Canadian people of Portuguese descent
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Memorial Cup winners
New Jersey Devils draft picks
New Jersey Devils players
Sportspeople from Brantford
Sportspeople from the County of Brant
Windsor Spitfires players

masks:
Adam Henrique
Henrique
Teresa Henrique
Joe Henrique
Junior Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Adam Larsson
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique
Henrique


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<mask> (February 1, 1970 – May 20, 2000) was an American professional basketball player, active from 1992 until his death in an automobile accident at the age of 30. Sealy played eight seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Indiana Pacers, Los Angeles Clippers, Detroit Pistons and Minnesota Timberwolves. Early life
A native of the Bronx, New York, Sealy was named after noted African-American social activist <mask>, better known as Malcolm X, for whom Sealy's father had been a bodyguard. In his senior year at Tolentine High School, Sealy, along with future collegians Brian Reese, and Adrian Autry, went 30–1 and won the state title. College career
Sealy played college basketball at St. John's University, finishing his college career with 2,401 points, good for second all-time in St. John's history. Professional career

NBA (1992–2000)
<mask> was drafted by the Indiana Pacers with the 14th overall pick in the 1992 NBA draft. Over the course of his NBA career, Sealy averaged 10.1 points per game in 23.8 minutes.As a rookie, he lost his playbook, which was turned over to WFAN radio personality Don Imus, whom Sealy contacted on the air in an attempt to have it returned. His final season's highlights included making a game-winning reverse putback shot at the buzzer against the Orlando Magic on December 27, 1999, which gave the Timberwolves a 107–105 road win. He also made a game-winning 3-pointer off the glass as time expired in a 101–100 Timberwolves win over the Indiana Pacers on January 17, 2000. Acting career
<mask> was also an aspiring actor, and had a major role as the talented but selfish basketball player 'Stacey Patton' in the 1996 motion picture Eddie starring Whoopi Goldberg. He also made appearances on TV shows such as The Sentinel and Diagnosis: Murder. In addition to this, Sealy designed ties and clothing and owned "Malik Sealy XXI, Inc."

Death
Sealy was killed in St. Louis Park, Minnesota on May 20, 2000. He was driving home from a birthday celebration for teammate and best friend Kevin Garnett in downtown Minneapolis when his sport utility vehicle was struck by a pickup truck traveling the wrong way down the highway.The truck was driven by 43-year-old Souksangouane Phengsene, who survived the accident with head and chest injuries. Neither driver was wearing a seatbelt. Phengsene's airbag deployed, but Sealy's SUV did not have one. Blood tests indicated that at the time of the accident, Phengsene had been driving drunk; his blood alcohol content was 0.19%. The legal limit in Minnesota at the time was 0.1%. He pleaded guilty to a charge of vehicular manslaughter, was given a four-year prison term, and was released from prison in 2003. <mask> is buried at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York, alongside his idol, Malcolm X.

Legacy
In <mask>'s honor, the Minnesota Timberwolves retired his #2 jersey.Kevin Garnett also paid a tribute to him, having written "2MALIK" in the inside of the tongue on the Adidas Garnett 3 shoes. Garnett has a tattoo honoring Sealy's name on his right arm. Upon being traded from the Boston Celtics to the Brooklyn Nets in July 2013, Garnett changed his uniform number to #2 in honor of Sealy. In his homecoming to Minnesota on February 25, 2015, Kevin Garnett wore a #2 sweatband on his left forearm in memory of his best friend. Career statistics

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Indiana
| 58 || 2 || 11.6 || .426 || .226 || .689 || 1.9 || .8 || .6 || .1 || 5.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Indiana
| 43 || 5 || 14.5 || .405 || .250 || .678 || 2.7 || 1.1 || .7 || .2 || 6.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Clippers
| 60 || 41 || 26.7 || .435 || .301 || .780 || 3.6 || 1.8 || 1.2 || .4 || 13.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Clippers
| 62 || 48 || 25.8 || .415 || .210 || .799 || 3.9 || 1.9 || 1.4 || .5 || 11.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A.

masks:
Malik Sealy
Malik Shabazz
Sealy
Sealy
Sealy
Sealy


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<mask> (born July 1, 1991) is an American football tight end for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). He was the starting quarterback for the Virginia Tech Hokies football team in the early 2010s, where he finished as the school's all-time leader in passing yards and touchdowns before being drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the fourth round of the 2014 NFL Draft. <mask> spent time as a reserve quarterback for the Miami Dolphins and New York Giants before switching to tight end, a position he last played in high school, with the Detroit Lions in 2016. Early years
<mask> attended Brookville High School in Lynchburg, Virginia. He played quarterback, wide receiver, tight end, and defensive back for the Bees football team. As a senior, he completed 118 of 204 passes for 1,535 yards and 20 touchdowns and had 842 rushing yards and 11 touchdowns as a quarterback. On defense, he had 80 tackles and four interceptions.He played in the 2009 U.S. Army All-American Bowl. A 4-star recruit, <mask> committed to play football at Virginia Tech over several other offers. In addition to football, <mask> also competed in track & field his junior and senior years at Brookville. He earned All-state honors in the 110m hurdles (14.95 s), the 300m hurdles (41.03 s), high jump (1.96 m), and discus (48 m). He won the long jump event at the 2009 Seminole District Outdoor T&F Championships. College career

After being redshirted in 2009, <mask> spent 2010 as the backup quarterback to Tyrod Taylor, appearing in seven games. He completed 12 of 26 passes for 107 yards and 22 rushing yards on six attempts.He also had a two-yard receiving touchdown on his lone reception of the season. <mask> took over as the starter in 2011. He started all fourteen games, throwing for 3,013 yards and 19 touchdowns while also contributing 469 rushing yards and 11 rushing touchdowns. In 2012, <mask> completed 220 of 449 passes for 2,976 yards and 18 touchdowns with 16 interceptions. He also rushed for 528 yards and 9 touchdowns. As a senior in 2013, he passed for 2,907 yards with 16 touchdowns and 13 interceptions. Professional career

Arizona Cardinals

He was drafted in the fourth round, 120th overall, of the 2014 NFL Draft by the Arizona Cardinals.<mask> was the sixth quarterback taken in the draft behind Blake Bortles (3rd, Jacksonville Jaguars), Johnny Manziel (22nd, Cleveland Browns), Teddy Bridgewater (32nd, Minnesota Vikings), Derek Carr (36th, Oakland Raiders), and Jimmy Garoppolo (62nd, New England Patriots). He signed his four-year rookie contract on May 21, 2014. <mask> made his NFL debut against the Denver Broncos on October 5, 2014, in relief of the injured Drew Stanton. <mask> completed his third career NFL pass for an 81-yard touchdown to Andre Ellington. <mask> became the first NFL quarterback to have his first career completion to go for 80 or more yards since Neil O'Donnell in 1991. <mask> finished the game completing a single pass in eight attempts as the Cardinals were defeated by the Broncos 41–20. After Week 16 and after the Cardinals one sided loss to the Seattle Seahawks, it was announced that the Cardinals would start rookie <mask> over the struggling Ryan Lindley.However, head coach Bruce Arians announced that the team would instead go with Lindley. He was released on September 5, 2015. Miami Dolphins
<mask> was claimed off waivers by the Miami Dolphins on September 6, 2015. The Dolphins released <mask> on September 11, 2015. He was then re-signed by the Miami Dolphins to their practice squad on September 15, 2015. On December 16, 2015, the Miami Dolphins elevated <mask> from practice squad. The Dolphins waived <mask> on June 16, 2016.New York Giants
On June 17, 2016, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the New York Giants. On September 3, 2016, he was released by the Giants. The next day, he was signed to the Giants practice squad. <mask> was on and off the Giants' practice squad throughout the first three months of the season before being released on November 22, 2016, a total of 13 transactions with the team. Detroit Lions
<mask> switched his position to tight end and was signed to the Detroit Lions' practice squad on November 28, 2016. Buffalo Bills

On November 30, 2016, the Buffalo Bills signed <mask> off the Lions practice squad. <mask> gained significant playing time in 2017 after fellow tight end Charles Clay was sidelined with a knee injury.He caught his first NFL touchdown, a 22-yard pass from former Virginia Tech teammate Tyrod Taylor, during a game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on October 22. It was the second time that they connected for a touchdown and the first since college. <mask> finished the 2018 season with 12 receptions for 77 yards in 12 games. He also completed his first pass attempt since his time in Arizona, connecting with Robert Foster for 16 yards on a fake punt play to pick up a first down. Detroit Lions (second stint)

On March 21, 2019, <mask> was signed by the Detroit Lions. He was released on September 1, 2019 but was re-signed the following day. He played in all 16 games and started three for the Lions.He finished the season with 16 receptions for 173 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown. Washington Football Team / Commanders
On March 23, 2020, <mask> signed with the Washington Football Team, known as the Redskins at the time. He was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list for the start of training camp before being activated on August 9, 2020. In Week 13 against the Pittsburgh Steelers, <mask> recorded 9 catches for 98 yards and a touchdown during the 23–17 win. He finished the 2020 season with 72 receptions for 670 yards and six touchdowns. <mask> signed a three-year contract extension with the team, worth $24 million, on July 28, 2021. In the Week 4 game against the Atlanta Falcons, <mask> left preemptively in the first quarter due to a hamstring injury.He was placed on injured reserve after the game, and rejoined the active roster on November 29, 2021. On December 8, he was placed on injured reserve for a second time after suffering a knee injury from a low block from Las Vegas Raiders defensive end Yannick Ngakoue in Week 13. <mask> finished the 2021 season with 18 receptions for 196 yards and three touchdowns over six games. NFL career statistics

Personal life
<mask> is married, with five sons. References

External links

Washington Commanders bio
Virginia Tech Hokies bio

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Lynchburg, Virginia
Players of American football from Virginia
American football quarterbacks
American football tight ends
Virginia Tech Hokies football players
Arizona Cardinals players
Miami Dolphins players
New York Giants players
Buffalo Bills players
Detroit Lions players
Washington Commanders players
Washington Football Team players

masks:
Logan Lamont Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Logan
Thomas


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<mask> AO (born 30 October 1948) is an Australian actor, satirist and comedian. In a career spanning five decades he has had many theatre, television and film roles, and has been listed as a National Living Treasure. He is best known as the seemingly naive celebrity interviewer Norman Gunston, through whom he pioneered the "ambush interviewer" technique since followed by many others. He received a Gold Logie award for the television Norman Gunston Show in which he developed the character. He is also famed for his role of the hapless Arthur Beare in the television sitcom Mother and Son. Appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2003 for service to the community in the mental health field and to the arts as an entertainer, he has also been a board member of the Australian mental health organisation Beyond Blue. <mask> was born in Bondi, a beachside Sydney suburb.He was educated at Cranbrook School. During his time at Cranbrook, <mask> developed an interest in acting and, despite family objections, went on to study at the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA), where he obtained a Diploma in Acting in 1967. Norman Gunston

It was while working on The Aunty Jack Show in 1973, that <mask> first performed the character for which he became best-known, the gauche and inept TV personality Norman Gunston. Gunston's first appearance was in a series of brief sketches written by Wendy Skelcher which saw him reporting uncomfortably on a "sex-scandal drought" in the New South Wales city of Wollongong; a drought he eventually breaks by appearing naked on camera. In 1975, <mask> further developed the Gunston character on television in the Norman Gunston Show, for which he won a Gold Logie. His writing team included Morris Gleitzman (now a successful children's author) and veteran TV comedy writer Bill Harding, who had written for the Australian TV satire The Mavis Bramston Show. Gunston's trademark outfit consisted of an iridescent-blue tuxedo jacket, black stovepipe trousers, and sneakers with white socks.Gunston had a comb over type hairstyle and used makeup to make his face deathbed white and had bits of tissue drying on shaving nicks. The series, which satirised many aspects of Australian culture and show business, was a mixture of live and pre-recorded interviews, awkward musical segments – excruciatingly sung by Gunston himself in the broadest "strine" accent – and continuing comedy sketches such as "Norman's Dreamtime" (in which Norman read stories to a group of children, such as "Why Underpants Ride Up"). Using Gunston's gormless personality as a cover to break down the defences of his "victims", <mask> pioneered the satirically provocative "ambush interview" technique  which was used to great effect in interviews with Paul McCartney, Muhammad Ali, Keith Moon, Leif Garrett and actress Sally Struthers. When Gunston interviewed Elton John, who was in Australia to promote Tommy, Gunston began by asking "Are you going to premiere in Wollongong?" "No, but I've played tennis with her", John responded. "You're thinking of Evonne Wollongong", Gunston said, "I'm talking about the city." As Norman Gunston, <mask> also had a successful recording career, releasing a string of satirical novelty pop records that anticipated the pop parodies of "Weird Al" Yankovic.Norman's Top 40 chart hits included his interpretation of the Tom Jones classic "Delilah", the punk rock send-up "I Might Be A Punk But I Love You, Baby" and "KISS Army", a parody of the KISS single "I Was Made For Loving You". Mother and Son
<mask> played Arthur Beare in the television series Mother and Son, starring alongside Ruth Cracknell over six seasons from 1984 until 1994. He won several Logie Awards for his role in the show (see below). Offspring
<mask> joined the cast of the Network Ten drama series Offspring in 2012 (series three) and was a series regular. He played Doctor Philip Noonan. Other work
He has had lead roles and guest roles in several theatrical stage roles and well as television appearances. Personal
Early in his career he met his wife, the actress Diane Craig, during a production of Let's Get A Divorce.They have two grown children and live in Berry on the New South Wales south coast. Suffering from both depression and anxiety, <mask> talks openly about his condition. He is an ambassador and former board director of Beyond Blue, an Australian national depression initiative. He also serves as patron of the New South Wales branch of the Anxiety Disorders Foundation of Australia. <mask> is quoted in the press discussing a link between his own anxiety and that of his grandfather and mother. <mask>'s condition first came to the public's attention when he reached a crisis point after a short-lived attempt to revive the Gunston character in 1993. Then again in 1997, <mask> suffered a severe episode during the launch of a new series, Rip Snorters.<mask>'s condition also caused him to withdraw from the 2003 production of Patrick Marber's Howard Katz. Honours
In 2003, <mask> was appointed an officer of the Order of Australia for service to the community by raising awareness of mental health issues and the effects of anxiety disorders and depression on sufferers and carers, and to the arts as an entertainer. His popularity among Australians is reflected his being listed, after public nomination and vote, as a National Living Treasure, someone who has made an outstanding contribution to Australian society in any field of human endeavour. In 2015, he was a featured subject on the ABC documentary series Australian Story. In 2020, he appeared on a stamp in the Australia Post Legends of Comedy series. Filmography

Feature films
 The Light Between Oceans (2016)
 Old Denton Road (2014)
 Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2011)
 The Rage in Placid Lake (2003)
 Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002)
 Moulin Rouge! (2001)
 Mr.Accident (2000)
 Struck By Lightning (1990)
 Ghosts Can Do It (1987)
 The Bee Eater (1986)
 Wills & Burke (1985) as Robert O'Hara Burke
 Jolly (1982)
 Ginger Meggs (1982) as John Meggs
 The Pirate Movie (1982) as Sergeant/Inspector
 The Picture Show Man (1977) as Lou
 Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) as Const. Jones
 Stone (1974) as bike mechanic
 Avengers of the Reef (1973) as Updike's aide

Television
 Rake (2012)
 Offspring (2012)
 A Model Daughter: The Killing of Caroline Byrne (2009)
 Talking Heads (2009)
 Two Twisted (2006)
 Stepfather of the Bride (2005)
 Enough Rope with Andrew Denton (2004)
 Mary Bryant (2004)
 Love is a 4 Letter Word (2000)
 All Saints (1999)
 The Adventures of Chuck Finn (1999)
 Halifax f.p. (1998)
 Medivac (1997)
 Rip Snorters (1997)
 Fallen Angels (1996)
 Fire II (1995)
 Mother and Son (1984–1994)
 GP (1994)
 Eggshells (1991–1993)
 Woman in a Lampshade (1993)
 The Other Side Of Paradise (1992)
 Counting from Six (1986)
 Banduk (1985)
 News Free Zone (1985)
 The Top Kid, Winners series (1984)
 Five Mile Creek (1984)
 Prime Time (1984)
 Jimmy Dancer (1981)
 The Garry <mask> Show (1977)
 The Norman Gunston Show (1975–1979)
 Wollongong the Brave (1975)
 Flash Nick from Jindabick (1974)
 The Aunty Jack Show (1973)
 Over There (1973)
 A Brace and a Bit (1973)
 Snake Gully with Dad 'n' Dave (1972)

Theatre
 On 5 April 2008 he began his role of Nathan Detroit in the major stage production Guys and Dolls, which was held at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne, before transferring to the Capitol Theatre in Sydney in 2009. In 2010 he has played Dennis Johnson in the touring play Halpern and Johnson alongside Henri Szeps, who played his venal and scheming older brother in Mother and Son. In 2011, he appeared in David Mamet's play November, produced by the South Australian State Theatre Company. Don's Party (2011)
 The Grenade (2010)
 The Give and Take (2006)
 Two Brothers (2005)
 Amigos (2004)
 Laughter on the 23rd Floor (2002)
 Stones in His Pockets – director (2001)
 Up For Grabs (2001)
 After the Ball (1998)
 Little Shop of Horrors (1997)
 Emerald City (1997)
 Hotspur (1994)
 Sugar Babies (1987)
 Glengarry Glen Ross
 Floating World
 Vanya
 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Awards

Art portraits
Two portraits of McDonald have won awards at the Archibald Prize.In 1999 a portrait by artist Deny Christian won the Packing Room award and, in 2006, Paul Jackson's "All the world's a stage" won the Peoples Choice award. In 2016, yet another painting of <mask> was a finalist in The Archibald Prize by Kirsty Neilson entitled "There's No Humour in Darkness". References

External links
2002 interview for Australian Story

<mask> at the National Film and Sound Archive

1948 births
Australian male comedians
Australian male film actors
Australian male stage actors
Australian male television actors
Living people
Logie Award winners
Male actors from Sydney
Mental health activists
Officers of the Order of Australia
People educated at Cranbrook School, Sydney
20th-century Australian comedians
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian comedians
21st-century Australian male actors

masks:
Garry George McDonald
Career McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald


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<mask>, nicknamed el Intruso ( 1250 – 1310), was a Spanish noble of the House of Haro and held the title of the Lord of Biscay which he took from the pretender to the title, John of Castile. He further served in the capacity of Mayordomo mayor del rey and the Alférez del rey of <mask> of Castile. He was a major benefactor of the city of Bilbao, where he expanded the local fishing village and granted it the power to maintain its customs market free of any Portazgo (royal tribute) answerable only to the authority of the Lord of Biscay. Family origins

<mask> was the son of <mask> and his wife, <mask>. He eventually inherited the title of Lord of Biscay from his father after his sister and the usurper to the title, John of Castile. His paternal grandparents were <mask>, Lord of Biscay, and his wife, <mask>, the illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX of León. His maternal grandparents were <mask>ne, the Viscount of Bearne, and his wife, Garsenda of Provence.Amongst his siblings were Lope Díaz III <mask>, Lord of Biscay, <mask> <mask>, wife of Juan Núñez <mask> Lara, head of the House of Lara, and of Sancha <mask> <mask>. He was the great grandson of the king, Alfonso IX of León. Biography

During the youth of <mask> <mask> (1295–1301)

<mask>' exact date of birth is unknown, but it most likely occurred sometime around the year 1250. In 1282, he married the infanta <mask>nt of Castile, daughter of King Alfonso X of Castile. On 25 April 1295, after the death of King Sancho <mask> of Castile (who the Haro family had fought to overthrow), <mask> took advantage of the instability in the court of the young King <mask> of Castile and took power over the Lordship of Biscay which rightfully belonged to his niece, María II <mask> <mask>. The incessant fighting against the Castilian crown, led primarily by the following infantes; John of Castile, an enemy of the Haro family who claimed the throne as the heir to his brother, Sancho <mask> of Castile, Infante Henry of Castile, son of Ferdinand III of Castile and uncle of the young king Ferdinand IV, who claimed guardianship over the king. This was exacerbated by the claims of the infantes of Cerda, <mask> la Cerda and <mask> la Cerda, who were supported by France, Aragón, and their grandmother, Queen <mask>nt of Aragon, widow of Alfonso X of Castile.Still further, problems also arose with the Kingdom of Aragon, Portugal, and France, who all tried to take advantage of the instability that plagued the contemporary Kingdom of Castile. Finally, internal Castilian players such as <mask> <mask> <mask>, Nuño <mask> Lara, and Juan Núñez <mask> Lara, amongst others, sowed confusion and anarchy throughout the kingdom. During the summer of 1295, after the Cortes of Valladolid of the same year, <mask> was confirmed in his illegitimate possession of the Lordship over Biscay, turned over by the pretender to both Biscay and the Castilian throne, infante John of Castile. During this time, John also temporarily accepted Ferdinand IV as his sovereign and he regained his previous possessions and titles. On 15 June 1300, <mask> <mask> <mask> converted the fishing village of Bilbao into a town under the authority of the Lords of Biscay. During the Cortes of Valladolid in 1300, the infante John of Castile officially renounced his pretendership to the throne despite being proclaimed king of León in 1296. He took an oath of fealty ti Ferdinand IV and his successors on 26 June 1300.The same year, María II <mask> <mask> together with her husband (the same infante Juan), as compensation for renouncing her claim over the Lordship of Biscay, received title over Mansilla, Paredes de Nava, Medina de Rioseco, Castronuño, and Cabreros. A short while later, <mask> Molina, and the infantes Henry and John, accompanied by <mask> <mask> <mask>, laid siege to Almazán, but lifted the siege due to opposition from the infante Henry. During the adolescence of <mask> <mask>illa (1301–1310)

In November 1301, <mask> was in the court of the city of Burgos when the papal bull of Pope Boniface VIII made public the marriage of <mask> Molina (mother of <mask>) and the dead Sancho <mask> of Castile. This recognition by the pope, coupled with the coming of age of <mask> of Castile instantly made the claims to the throne of John of Castile, Henry of Castile, <mask> la Cerda, and <mask> la Cerda much less plausible as they had thereby lost one of their principal claims to the throne. Going forward, the crown of Castile and León was much more secure. The infante Henry, upset over the legitimization of Ferdinand IV by the pope, forged an alliance against the head of the House of Lara, Juan Núñez <mask> Lara in an effort to alienate <mask> from his mother, <mask> Molina. The likewise embittered magnate, John of Castile started his own faction together with Juan Núñez <mask> Lara in an effort to reclaim the Lordship of Biscay for his wife, María II <mask> <mask>.Later in 1301, the king placated Henry with titles over Atienza and San Esteban de Gormaz as compensation. In 1302, the rivalry between these two factions became clear with infante Henry, <mask> Molina and <mask> on one side and the infante John of Castile and Juan Núñez <mask> Lara on the other. The infante Henry threatened the Queen with a declaration of war against her and <mask> if she did not acquiesce to his demands. This coincided with a fall from grace of <mask> Molina as the contemporary magnates attempted to lessen the grip of power she had maintained over the king. In the final months of 1302, the queen was in Valladolid where she agreed to placate the members of the nobility who threatened her with war against King <mask> who spent Christmas with John of Castile and Juan Núñez <mask> Lara in the Kingdom of León. In 1303, there was a meeting between the King Denis of Portugal and <mask> where in Ferdinand obtained the return of various territories. The split between the two aforementioned factions continued.In May of that year, celebrations over the success of the meeting (which neither <mask>, <mask> Molina, or Henry of Castile participated in) were held in Badajoz. Further agreement was reached by <mask> and Denis of Portugal to obtain Portugal's assistance against the opposing faction. <mask>' faction met in Roa with Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena, giving the latter orders to travel to the Kingdom of Aragon and to enlist his support against Ferdinand IV. The group agreed to reunite on the Day of John the Baptist in the municipality of Ariza. Henry of Castile later conveyed this message to <mask> Molina who was in Valladolid at the time. Henry's plan was for <mask> la Cerda to become King of León, marrying the infanta <mask> Castilla <mask> Molina, daughter of <mask> Molina and sister of Ferdinand IV. At the same time, the infante <mask> Castilla y Molina, brother of <mask>, was to be named the King of Castile, marrying one of the daughters of James II of Aragon.Henry claimed that his intention was to foster peace in the kingdom and eliminate the influence of the infante John of Castile and that of Juan Núñez <mask> Lara. This plan, which proposed the breakup of the Kingdoms of Castile and León and the forced or obliged resignation of <mask>, was rejected by the queen <mask> Molina who refused to meet the rebel faction in Ariza. At the same time, the queen was asked by King <mask> to help foster a peace between him and the rebel faction. The queen traveled to Ariza where instead of supporting the rebel cause, she pleaded with the group to remember their oaths of fealty to the king and to return to his service causing many of the rebels to abandon the cause of infante Henry and <mask>. This move, which weeded out many of the more moderate rebels, served only to cement the hardline base who vowed to wage war against the king, demanding further that the Kingdoms of Murcia and Jaén be turned over to <mask> la Cerda. It was during this time that the infante Henry of Castile became deathly ill and retired to his villa at Roa. Fearing that Henry's possessions would revert to <mask> and Juan Manuel upon his death as was his wish, the queen plotted with Henry's confessor to convince him to leave all his possessions to the crown.This move inevitably failed and <mask>, together with Juan Manuel inherited all his possessions when Henry died on 8 August 1303. He was sepulchered at the now destroyed Monasterio de San Francisco de Valladolid. In November 1303, the king asked the queen for her support in an effort to end the infighting between infante John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos and <mask> for control over the Lordship of Biscay which at this time was under the full control of <mask>. The queen agreed to help her son and the relationship of mother and son was restored when she succeeded in reaching an agreement with the infante John. In winter of 1304, the king was in the area of Carrión de los Condes when the infante John once again claimed for his wife the lordship of Biscay together with the continued support of Juan Núñez <mask> Lara. The king attempted to offer her title over Paredes de Nava and Villalón de Campos as compensation, but this was refused by the infante John. The king then drafted a lopsided deal where <mask> <mask> would turn over his titles over Tordehumos, Íscar and Santa Olalla.He would also be made to give up his possessions in Cuéllar, Córdoba, Murcia, Valdetorio, and his title as Señorío <mask>decorneja. In return for this, <mask> would be able to keep Lordship of Biscay, Orduña-Urduña, Balmaseda, las Encartaciones, and Durango. Understandably, the infante John accepted these terms and the king called <mask> to Carrión de los Condes to cement the deal. Not surprisingly, <mask> <mask> refused these demands and threatened an all out rebellion against his rule. The king, who was at the time preparing for the Treaty of Torrellas, from which <mask> was excluded, promised the infante John that he would receive Biscay after all and that Juan Núñez <mask> Lara would get La Bureba. He further stated that both could divvy up the territories currently belonging to <mask> in La Rioja if the two could resolve the diplomatic crisis that was ongoing with Aragon. In April 1304, the infante John commenced negotiations with the Kingdom of Aragon to resolve demands made by <mask> la Cerda and disputes held by the Aragon.In the meantime, the king confiscated the territories of <mask> <mask> and of Juan Alfonso <mask>, Señor <mask> Cameros and divided them up amongst his supporters. After this bold move, many of the rebels came back under the fold of the king. In winter of 1305, <mask> once again refused the kings demands that he hand over Biscay at Guadalajara. Fighting over possession over the Lordship of Biscay (1305–1307)

In 1305, <mask> <mask> was called to present himself in the courts of Medina del Campo which took place that year, to respond to the demands of the king. At the court, María II

masks:
Diego López V de Haro
Ferdinand IV
Diego López
Diego López III de Haro
Constanza de Bearne
Lope Díaz II de Haro
Urraca Alfonso de León
Guillermo II de Bear
de Haro
Teresa de
Haro
I de
Díaz de
Haro
Fernando IV
de Castilla
Diego López
Viola
IV
Diego López
Ferdinand IV
Díaz de
Haro
IV
Ferdinand de
Alfonso de
Viola
Diego López
V de
Haro
González de
II de
Diego López
Diego López
V de
Haro
Díaz de
Haro
Maria de
Diego López
V de
Haro
Fernando IV
de Cast
Diego López
María de
Ferdinand IV
IV
Ferdinand IV
Alfonso de
Ferdinand de
II de
Ferdinand IV
María de
II de
Díaz de
Haro
Maria de
Diego Lopez
II de
Ferdinand IV
Maria de
Ferdinand IV
II de
Ferdinand IV
Diego Lopez
Maria de
Ferdinand IV
Diego Lopez
Maria de
Alfonso de
Isabel de
y de
Maria de
Pedro de
Ferdinand IV
II de
Fernando IV
Maria de
Ferdinand IV
Diego Lopez
Alfonso de
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
II de
Diego Lopez
V
de Val
Diego
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
V
Diego Lopez
II de
Diego Lopez
Alfonso de
Diego Lopez
V
de Haro
de los
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
V


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 <mask> <mask>, <mask>'s niece and wife of the infante John, demanded the return of her rightful property, the title of Lord of Biscay, a title which <mask> had taken in the unrest that surrounded King <mask> of Castile's younger days on the throne. While the infante John and Maria were presenting their case to the court, <mask>, together with three hundred of his knights arrived at the court and <mask> announced his refusal to give up his title, citing a deal struck in the year 1300 where his niece had renounced her claim. <mask> <mask> left the court without waiting for its final decision and began drafting a proposal soliciting aid from the pope.It was around this time that <mask> forged a new alliance with Juan Núñez <mask> Lara who had gotten into disputes with the infante John. Seeing himself in a losing position, the infante John signed a two-year truce with <mask> as he assumed the new alliance between <mask> and the House of Lara would not hold. Trouble came quickly to this relationship as Lope <mask> <mask>, <mask>' son and heir entered into a dispute with Juan Núñez <mask> Lara and he attempted to get his father to accept the kings deal. The same year, <mask> gave Lope Diaz IV the charge of Mayordomo Mayor of the king. The king called for a meeting with <mask> <mask>, to which <mask> brought along Juan Núñez II in an effort to reconcile the latter with the king, while the king maneuvered to split the powerful duo. The king failed in his efforts and the two rebels left without notifying the king. At the same time, ambassadors from France arrived to solicit an alliance with the kingdom through marriage of <mask>'s sister, the infanta Isabella. .In April 1306, the infante John, against the advice of <mask> Molina, induced the king to declare war officially against Juan Núñez <mask> Lara in the knowledge that <mask> would support his ally. The forces of the king laid siege to Aranda de Duero where Juan Nunez was at the time. Juan immediately broke his oath of vassal to the king. After a series of skirmishes, Juan Nunez managed to escape from the siege while pretending to surrender the city. He moved from there to meet with <mask> and his son, Lope Diaz IV where the three promised to wage war against the king in their respective territories. As most of the kings vassals were unsupportive of the war, costs spiraled as they demanded war preparation funds and made little effort to use the money effectively. The king ordered for the infante John to enter into negotiations with <mask> V, something he agreed to without issue as his vassals were equally unsupportive of the war.The two sent the queen, <mask> Molina to negotiate a peace. Negotiations with the rebels were hosted by Alonso Pérez <mask> in the town of Pancorbo. Negotiations with <mask> quickly broke down and he again decided to continue to appeal to the pope. At the beginning of 1307, while the king, <mask> Molina and the infante John were in Valladolid, they heard news that Pope Clement <mask> renounced the validity of the renunciation over Biscay of 1300. The king drafted a new agreement whereby <mask> <mask> would keep Biscay during the course of his life, but it would revert to Maria II of Haro upon his death and would not go to his son, Lope Diaz IV who would instead inherit Orduña-Urduña and Balmaseda, and get <mask> Ebro and Villalba de Losa from the king. The group convened on the court of Vallalodid to reach a final agreement. Before the agreement over Biscay was finally reached, Juan Nunez <mask> Lara left the courts feeling betrayed by the king and his mother.For this reason, the king granted <mask> V the title of Mayordomo Mayor of the king, a move which in turn upset the infante John enough to leave the courts, warning the king that he would no longer be of service to him until the wardens of <mask>' castles paid tribute to his wife (upon <mask>' death according to the agreement). Regardless, the group met again in Lerma where it was agreed that the castles that would go to María II <mask> Haro would begin to pay her tribute, whilst the castles going to Lope Díaz IV de Haro would do the same for him. With the reconciliation of <mask> <mask> and of the infante John, the king demanded that Juan Núñez <mask> Lara leave the Kingdom of Castile and for him to return the castles of Cuenca and Cañete located in the Province of Cuenca that the king had earlier given to him. The king proceeded to Tordehumos in October 1307 where he began to siege the city together with the infante John, his son, <mask> <mask>, and the Grand Master of the Order of Santiago, Juan Osórez. It was around the same time that the king also received a papal order to take all the possessions of the Knights Templar into his possession. Added to other complications, King <mask> decided to reach a peace treaty with Juan Núñez <mask> Lara where Lara agreed to turn all his territories over to the king minus those in La Bureba and La Rioja. After the siege and the peace agreement, many nobles, sensing an opportunity to grab power, attempted to create new friction between Lara, the infante John and the king.Convinced that the king wanted them both dead, Juan Nunez II and the infante Juan forged a new alliance together without attempting to reach out to <mask> <mask>. Despite assurances from the king to the contrary, this edgy conflict bubbled until 1309 when the king called a conference at the courts of Madrid (the first of its kind actually held in the capital). Present at this conference were all the major players left alive from the previous infighting. The king announced his intention to wage war against the Kingdom of Granada due to growing pressure to expand from his nobles. The Conquest of Gibraltar and the Siege of Algeciras (1309)

Amongst the nobles that took part in the action were a majority of the nobles from the previous civil strife from both sides. These included <mask> <mask> <mask>, the infante John of Castile, Juan Núñez <mask> Lara, Alonso Pérez <mask>, Fernán <mask> Saldaña, Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena and many other magnates from Castile. The Castilian forces were made up of the militias of the towns of Salamanca, Segovia, Seville, and many other cities. King Denis of Portugal also sent 700 knights under Martín Gil <mask>, Alférez of the king of Portugal.Furthermore, a great deal of knights from the orders of Santiago Calatrava were also present. Pope Clement V granted King Ferdinand IV a tenth of all taxes and rents collected by the church for a period of three years. This edict was passed by papal bull on 28 April 1309 from the city of Avignon. King <mask> of Castile set up his headquarters in the city of Seville where emissaries of king James II of Aragon announced their readiness to commence operations against the city of Almería. <mask> in turn decided to lay siege to the city of Algeciras which had been the main Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula for many years. <mask>, amongst others opposed this plan and advocated unsuccessfully for an attack on Gibraltar. This was possibly due in part to the fact that the city had been unsuccessfully besieged in the past, most notably at the Siege of Algeciras (1278).Nevertheless, the Castilian-Leonese army gathered in the city and was transferred over the Guadalquivir River towards Algeciras. The vanguard of Ferdinand's army reached the city walls on 27 July 1309, followed three days later by the last of the Christian forces which included the king Ferdinand and his entourage. The other prong of attack led by James II of Aragon began its siege of Almería on 15 August of the same year. With the siege of Algeciras ongoing, Gibraltar fell to the forces of Ferdinand under the control of Juan Núñez <mask> Lara, Archbishop of Seville, Fernando Gutiérrez Tello and the Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava on 12 September 1309. In mid October 1309, the infante John of Castile, his son, Alfonso, Juan Manual, and Fernán <mask> Saldaña deserted the Castilian encampment at Algeciras together with about fifty other knights. The action, which was due in part because <mask> owed them a great deal of money, provoked the indignation of the European monarchs and the protest of James II of Aragon who tried to persuade the deserters unsuccessfully to return to Algeciras. Nevertheless, King <mask> maintained the support of Juan Núñez <mask> Lara and of <mask> <mask> and continued to try and take the city.Disease and generally poor conditions became so bad in the Christian camp that <mask> was forced to pawn the jewels and crowns of his wife, Constance of Portugal to pay his soldiers and knights. A short time later, the troops of <mask> Castilla y Molina, brother of <mask>, arrived in the Christian camp accompanied by 400 knights and many footsoldiers under the command of the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela. Towards the end of 1309, <mask> <mask> became sick as the result of an attack of gout, from which he would later die in Christian camp on the River Andarax. After months of failed attempts to take the city, <mask> decided to negotiate a peace with the Kingdom of Granada who had sent their emissary to the camp. They reached a deal where Ferdinand would lift the siege in return for 50,000 gold pieces and the towns of Quesada and Bedmar. Death and legacy

<mask> <mask> <mask> died in winter of 1310 in the camp at Algeciras. His niece, María II <mask> <mask>, wife of the infante John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos, took possession of the Lordship of Biscay.Further, the infante John returned the villas of Paredes de Nava, Cabreros, Medina de Rioseco, Castronuño and Mansilla to the king. After his death during the siege of Algeciras, his body was taken to the city of Burgos where he was sepulchered at the now destroyed Monasterio de San Francisco de Burgos. It was the same place where his previous wife, the infanta <mask>nte of Castile was also buried. Marriage and descendants

<mask> <mask> <mask> married the infanta <mask>nte of Castile, together they were the parents of:

 Lope <mask> <mask> (1285–1322). Señor of Orduña and Balmaseda and Alférez of the king, Ferdinand IV of Castile. Died without descendants. Fernando Díaz <mask>.Señor of Orduña and Valmaseda after the death of his brother. Married in 1315 with Maria of Portugal, Lady of Meneses and Orduña, daughter of the infante <mask> Portugal and his wife, <mask> Manuel, sister of Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena. <mask> <mask>, who died in infancy. María Díaz <mask>. Señora of Tordehumos. Married Juan Núñez <mask> Lara, señor of Lara and Albarracín. See also
 House of Haro
 Lords of Biscay
 María II <mask> <mask>
 Juan Núñez <mask> Lara

References
Most of the information on this page was translated from its Spanish equivalent.Bibliography

External links

   Ficha genealógica de <mask> <mask>. Fundación Casa ducal de Medinaceli

1250 births
1310 deaths
Lords of Biscay
Order of Santiago
Diego Lopez

masks:
Díaz de
Haro
Diego
Diego
Ferdinand IV
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
V
Diego Lopez
II de
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
Díaz IV
de Haro
Diego Lopez
II de
Ferdinand IV
Diego Lopez
V
Diego Lopez
Ferdinand IV
Maria de
II de
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
Maria de
de Guzmán
Diego Lopez
Maria de
V
Diego Lopez
V
Miranda de
II de
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
Diego Lopez
Díaz de
Diego Lopez
V
II de
Alfonso de
Valencia
Ferdinand IV
II de
Diego Lopez
V
Diego Lopez
V de
Haro
II de
de Gmán
Ruiz de
de Sousa
Ferdinand IV
Ferdinand IV
Diego Lopez
II de
Ruiz de
Ferdinand IV
Ferdinand IV
II de
Diego Lopez
de Haro
Ferdinand IV
Felipe de
Ferdinand IV
Diego Lopez
V
Ferdinand IV
Diego Lopez
V de
Haro
Díaz de
Haro
Viola
Diego López
V de
Haro
Viola
Díaz IV
de Haro
de Haro
Alfonso de
Violante
Pedro López
de Haro
de Haro
II de
Díaz de
Haro
II de
Diego López
de Haro


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<mask> (; 889 – 10 June 942), né <mask> (劉巖), also known as <mask> (劉陟) (from c. 896 to 911) and briefly as <mask> (劉龔), formally Tianhuang Dadi (天皇大帝) with the temple name Gaozu (高祖), was the first emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Southern Han. Background
<mask> was born in 889, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. His father <mask> (also known as <mask>) was then the prefect of Feng Prefecture (封州, in modern Zhaoqing, Guangdong) and was married to a Lady Wei, the niece of Wei Zhou (韋宙), a prior military governor (Jiedushi) of Lingnan East Circuit (嶺南東道, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), which Feng Prefecture belonged to. However, he also secretly had a concubine outside the home, a Lady Duan, and it was to Lady Duan that <mask> was born. When Lady Wei found out, she killed Lady Duan, but could not bear to kill the infant <mask>, and she took him back home to be raised as her own, as a younger brother to her own sons <mask> and <mask> (劉台). As <mask> grew up, it was said that he was tall and capable in both horsemanship and archery. After <mask> became the commander of the army of the circuit (which had been renamed Qinghai (清海)) by that point under the military governor Li Zhirou the Prince of Xue in 896, <mask> was also given the title of military advisor to Li Zhirou as the Prince of Xue, and his name was changed from Liu <mask> to <mask> Zhi.Service under <mask>
In 901, Li Zhirou's successor <mask>o died, leaving a recommendation to Emperor Zhaozong that <mask> be made acting military governor, and <mask> subsequently took that title. <mask> continued serving under his brother, and was first recorded to have participated in a campaign in 902, when Lu Guangchou, who controlled the Qian Prefecture (虔州, in modern Ganzhou, Jiangxi) region as Qian's prefect, attacked Qinghai, capturing Shao Prefecture (韶州, in modern Shaoguan, Guangdong) and giving it to his son <mask>chang, and then putting Chao Prefecture (潮州, in modern Chaozhou, Guangdong) under siege. <mask> personally led an army and repelled Lu Guangchou from Chao, and then prepared to attack Shao. Under <mask>'s advice (as <mask> believed that a direct attack would not be successful due to the strength of <mask>'s army), he put Shao under siege to try to wear out <mask>'s defense, but the strategy backfired when, due to high water levels on the river, the Qinghai army's food supplies were disrupted. Lu Guangchou then launched a relief army from Qian, repelling <mask> from Shao. Meanwhile, Emperor Zhaozong commissioned the chancellor Cui Yuan as the new military governor of Qinghai, but Cui, while on the way to Qinghai, heard about popular uprisings in the region and also was worried that <mask> would not yield the position to him, and therefore returned to then-capital Luoyang. Subsequently, after <mask> bribed the powerful warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), who had the Tang imperial court under his physical control by that point, Emperor Zhaozong's son and successor Emperor Ai of Tang commissioned <mask> as full military governor in 904.<mask> served as <mask>'s deputy military governor. It was said that at that time, in addition to the continued conflict with Lu Guangchou, substantial portions of the region were controlled by other warlords—Khúc Hạo (曲顥) at Jiao Prefecture (交州, in modern Hanoi, Vietnam); <mask> (劉士政) at Gui Prefecture (桂州, in modern Guilin, Guangxi); Ye Guanglüe (葉廣略) at Yong Prefecture (邕州, in modern Nanning, Guangxi); Pang Juzhao (龐巨昭) at Rong Prefecture (容州, in modern Yulin, Guangxi); <mask> (劉昌魯) at Gao Prefecture (高州, in modern Maoming, Guangdong); and <mask> (劉潜, different person than <mask>'s father) at Xin Prefecture (新洲, in modern Yunfu, Guangdong). In addition, east of the Pearl River, there were some 70 camps of people who did not recognize <mask>'s authorities. It was said that after <mask> entrusted the military matters to <mask>, <mask> gradually had these warlords expelled or forced into submission, such that he became known as the preeminent general in the Lingnan region. One of these campaigns was described as in or around 910 (by which time <mask> was a vassal of the new Later Liang, which Zhu had established as its Emperor Taizu, and carried the title of Prince of Nanping or Nanhai), when <mask> attacked <mask> at Gao Prefecture. <mask> repelled his attack, but figured that he would not be able to indefinitely hold out against the <mask> brothers, and therefore, along with Pang, offered to submit to Ma Yin the Prince of Chu. Ma sent troops to safely escort <mask> Changlu and Pang back to his territory and had his general Yao Yanzhang take up garrison at Rong Prefecture.In 911, <mask> grew deathly ill. He submitted a petition recommending <mask> as acting military governor, and died shortly after. <mask> took over the circuit. Shortly after, Later Liang's Emperor Taizu made <mask> full military governor. His name was changed back to <mask>. As military governor
It was said that <mask>, while serving as military governor, frequently invited members of the intelligentsia who had fled from the Central Plain to serve on his staff, and often made them prefects of the circuit's prefectures, so among the prefects there were no military officers. Meanwhile, also in 911, Lu Guangchou's son and successor <mask> was assassinated by his officer Li Qiu, who subsequently died and was succeeded by another officer, <mask>.As Li Qiu had considered killing Lu Guangchou's chief strategist Tan Quanbo, Tan claimed to be ill and retired from the Qian Prefecture army. Hearing of this, <mask> dispatched an army to attack Shao Prefecture and captured it; its prefect Liao Shuang (廖爽) fled to Chu, allowing <mask> to take Shao under his control. Meanwhile, he also again attacked Rong Prefecture. <mask> was unable to stand up against his attacks despite being aided by a Chu relief force commanded by Xu Dexun, so Yao took the people and left Rong Prefecture, allowing <mask> to take control of the Rong Prefecture region, as well as Gao Prefecture. Hearing of the war between two of his vassals, Later Liang's Emperor Taizu sent a delegation led by the official Wei Jian (韋戩) to try to mediate a peace between Ma and <mask>. <mask> responded by sending a large tribute of gold, silver, rhinoceros horns, ivory, and other assorted jewels and spices, to Emperor Taizu. In late 912, Emperor Taizu was assassinated and succeeded by his son Zhu Yougui the Prince of Ying.In early 913, Zhu Yougui bestowed the honorary title of acting Taifu (太傅, "emperor's professor") on <mask>. He was subsequently defeated in a countercoup led by his brother Zhu Youzhen the Prince of Jun and committed suicide. Zhu Youzhen, who took the throne and changed his name to Zhu Zhen, then gave <mask> the title of not only military governor of Qinghai, but also of Jianwu Circuit (建武, headquartered at Yong Prefecture), and also created him the Prince of Nanping, a title previously held by <mask>. Also in 913, <mask> sought a marital alliance with Ma Yin, and Ma agreed. In 915, <mask> sent a delegation to Chu's capital Changsha to welcome Ma's daughter Empress Ma as his bride, and Ma sent his brother Ma Cun (馬存) to escort her to Qinghai. Meanwhile, <mask> was dissatisfied that he was only given the title of Prince of Nanping, while another Later Liang vassal, Qian <mask>, carried the greater title of Prince of Wuyue. He made a request to Zhu Zhen that he be created the similarly-honored title of Prince of Nanyue and be given a further title as commander of the circuits.When Zhu Zhen refused, <mask> commented:

Thereafter, <mask> stopped sending tributes and emissaries to the Later Liang court. In fall 917, <mask> went further and declared himself emperor of a new state of Yue, at his capital of Panyu (which he renamed Xingwang). He posthumously honored his grandfather <mask> (劉安仁), father <mask>an, and brother <mask> as emperors. He commissioned the Later Liang emissaries Zhao Guangyi and Li Yinheng (who were previously detained by <mask>), as well as his deputy military governor <mask>an, chancellors. As emperor of Yue
Also in 917, <mask> gave his niece, <mask>a, the daughter of his brother <mask>, whom he had created the Princess Qingyuan, in marriage to <mask>, a son of his northeastern neighbor Wang Shenzhi the Prince of Min (who remained a Later Liang vassal), to cement a relationship between the two states. In 918, after <mask> offered sacrifices to heaven and earth and issued a general pardon, he changed the name of his state from Yue to Han (and thus his state became known as Southern Han). As emperor of Southern Han

Early reign
In 919, <mask> created his wife Lady Ma empress.In 920, at <mask>an's request, <mask> established schools and imperial examinations, apparently following

masks:
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Zhi
Liu Gong
Liu Yan
Liu Zhiqian
Liu Qian
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yin
Liu Tai
Liu Yan
Liu Yin
Liu Yan
Yan
Liu
Liu Yin
Xu Yanru
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Liu Zhi
Lu Yan
Liu Yin
Liu Zhi
Liu Zhi
Lu Yanchang
Lu Yanchang
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Liu Zhi
Liu Yin
Liu Shizheng
Liu Changlu
Liu Qian
Liu Zhi
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Liu Zhi
Liu Zhi
Liu Yin
Liu Zhi
Liu Changlu
Liu Changlu
Liu
Liu
Liu Yin
Liu Zhi
Liu Zhi
Liu Zhi
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Lu Yanchang
Li Yantu
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Yao Yanzhang
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu Yin
Liu Yan
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu Anren
Liu Qi
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Yang Dongqi
Liu Yan
Liu Hu
Liu Yin
Wang Yanjun
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Yang Dongqi
Liu Yan


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 the Tang model. He also sent emissaries to Former Shu, seeking friendly relations. In 922, there was an incident where <mask>, believing in the words of a sorcerer that he needed to leave the capital to avoid a disaster, left Xingwang to visit Meikou (梅口, in modern Meizhou, Guangdong), near the Min border. The Min general <mask> (Wang Shenzhi's son or nephew) decided to launch a surprise attack on <mask>'s train, but before <mask>'s forces arrived, <mask> received the news and fled Meikou before Min forces could attack. In 924, <mask> launched an attack on Min, advancing on the borders of Min's Ting (汀洲, in modern Longyan, Fujian) and Zhang (漳州, in modern Zhangzhou, Fujian) Prefectures. A Min counterattack defeated him, and he fled. Meanwhile, in 923, Later Liang had been conquered by its northern rival Jin, whose prince Li Cunxu declared himself the emperor of a new Later Tang (as Emperor Zhuangzong).When the news reached <mask>, <mask> became fearful of this powerful new state in the north, and in 925 sent his official He Ci (何詞) to Later Tang to try to seek friendly relations in humble terms (referring to himself as "the King of the Great Han" rather than emperor while addressing Emperor Zhuangzong as "the Emperor of the Great Tang") and to find out more about the strength of this new dynasty. After He Ci returned, He Ci reported that Emperor Zhuangzong had become arrogant and excessive and that there was no need to be fearful of him; <mask> was pleased, and from this point on no longer sought communications with Later Tang. Later in the year, it was said that a white dragon was discovered in the Han palace. In response, <mask> changed his era name to Bailong ("white dragon") and changed his own name to Gong (龔). However, later in the year, when foreign monks informed him that the character "Gong" was not favorable to Southern Han's fortune, he further changed his name to a newly created character (龑), showing the character of a dragon (龍) over that of heaven (天), pronouncing the newly created character "<mask>." (The Zizhi Tongjian placed this second name change in 941.) Also in 925, when Zheng Min (鄭旻) the emperor of Changhe, sent his brother Zheng Zhaochun (鄭昭淳) to Southern Han to seek a marriage alliance, <mask> gave another niece, the Princess Zengcheng, to Zheng Min in marriage.Middle reign
In 928, a Chu fleet attacked Southern Han and put Feng Prefecture under siege. In response, <mask>, believing that Dayou was a phrase from the I Ching that would portend good fortune in battle, changed the era name to Dayou, and also sent the general Su Zhang (蘇章) to take a fleet manned with well-trained archers to try to lift the siege on Feng. Su engaged the Chu fleet and pretended to withdraw after a skirmish, inducing the Chu fleet to chase; he then caught the Chu fleet in an ambush and defeated it, forcing the Chu forces to withdraw. In 930, <mask> sent his generals Liang Kezhen (梁克貞) and Li Shoufu (李守鄜) to attack Jiao Prefecture; they captured it and took Khuc Thua My (曲承美, son and successor of Khuc Hao) captive, taking (for the time being) Jinghai Circuit (靜海, Vietnamese: Tĩnh Hải, headquartered at Jiao Prefecture) under Southern Han control and ending the control of the circuit by the Khúc family. Liang further advanced to Champa and pillaged it of its treasure. <mask> stationed his general Li Jin (李進) at Jiao Prefecture to defend it. The Southern Han hold on Jinghai would not last long, however.After the fall of the Khúcs, Dương Đình Nghệ the prefect of Ai Prefecture (愛州, Vietnamese: Ai châu, in modern Thanh Hóa Province, Vietnam) built up a personal army of 3,000 adoptive sons, wanting to take control of Jinghai. Although Li knew about this, he did nothing as he was receiving regular bribes from Dương. In 931, Duong put Jiao Prefecture under siege. <mask> sent the general Cheng Bao (程寶) to try to lift the siege, but before Cheng could get there, the city fell. Li fled back to Xingwang, where <mask> put him to death. Cheng tried to recapture Jiao Prefecture, but <mask> defeated and killed him in battle. In 932, <mask> created his 19 sons as imperial princes.In 934, Empress Ma died. Also in 934, <mask> allowed his then-surviving oldest son <mask> the Prince of Qin (<mask>'s older brothers <mask> and <mask>u having died earlier) to form a guard force of his own, but these guard ranks were filled with hoodlums that <mask> was close to. When <mask>an tried to speak on this matter to advise <mask> to curb <mask>'s activities, as <mask> was commonly regarded as the heir, <mask> refused to listen. When <mask> subsequently observed the guards pillage gold and silk from merchants and the merchants' fear causing them not to report the matter, <mask> lamented, "If the rule is as troubled as this, what is a chancellor for?" He thus claimed an illness and retired to his mansion. <mask> subsequently never against summoned <mask> for any audiences, and <mask> eventually died at his home without returning to chancellorship. Late reign
In 936, <mask> sent his general Sun Dewei (孫德威) to attack Chu's Meng (蒙州, in modern Wuzhou, Guangxi) and Gui (桂州, in modern Guilin, Guangxi).When Chu's prince Ma Xifan (Ma Yin's son) personally went to Gui Prefecture to defend against the attack, Sun withdrew. In 937, Dương Đình Nghệ was killed by his general Kiều Công Tiễn (矯公羨), who took over Jinghai. In 938, when another former general of Duong's, Ngô Quyền (吳權), rose at Ai Prefecture and subsequently attacked Jiao Prefecture, Kieu Cong Tien sought aid from Southern Han. <mask> wanted to use this opportunity to take over Jinghai again, so he commissioned his son <mask>o as the military governor of Jinghai and changed his title to Prince of Jiao, having him command an army to head to Jiao Prefecture while <mask> himself commanded a follow-up army. By the time that <mask>o was approaching Jiao Prefecture, however, Wu had already defeated and killed Kieu Cong Tien and occupied Jiao Prefecture. When <mask>o prepared to attack, Wu set a trap for him—setting large wooden planks covered with iron into the tidal zone, such that when <mask>o attacked at high tide, the planks were invisible, but when the tide fell, the Southern Han ships became stuck on the planks and unable to move. Ngo then counterattacked, killing more than half of the Southern Han soldiers, including <mask>o.<mask>, hearing the news, cried bitterly and withdrew his own fleet. (This became known as the Battle of Bạch Đằng River.) In 939, Zhao Guangyi, pointing out that there had not been any emissaries sent between Southern Han and Chu after Empress Ma's death and that the two states, related by marriage, should be friendly to each other, recommended the official Li Shu (李紓) as an appropriate emissary. <mask> agreed, and after Li visited Chu, Chu also sent emissaries to Southern Han, reestablishing relations between the two states. Despite this, in 941, <mask> sent an emissary to Later Jin's Emperor Gaozu (whose Later Jin state had earlier taken over Later Tang's territory) seeking a military alliance where they would attack Chu and divide its territory; the Later Jin emperor declined. In 942, <mask> grew seriously ill. He considered both of his oldest surviving sons, <mask> and <mask> the Prince of Jin, to be arrogant and unrestrained, and considered a younger son, <mask> the Prince of Yue, to be an appropriate successor.He thus considered sending <mask> and <mask> out of the capital and making <mask> his heir. However, the official Xiao Yi (蕭益) persuaded him that bypassing older sons would cause disturbances, and so <mask> did not carry out this plan. He soon died, and <mask> became emperor (as Emperor Shang). The Zizhi Tongjian, summarizing the opinions from other sources, commented about <mask>'s reign:

Personal information
 Father
 <mask> or <mask>, posthumously honored Emperor Shengwu with the temple name of Daizu ). Mother
 Lady Duan, <mask>an's concubine ). Wife
 Empress Ma, daughter of Ma Yin, the prince of Chu:
 Major Concubine
 Consort Zhao, mother of Prince Hongdu, later consort dowager. Children
 <mask> (劉耀樞), the Prince of Yong (created 932), died early
 <mask> (劉龜圖), the Prince of Kang (created 932), died early
 <mask> (劉弘度), later renamed <mask>, initially the Prince of Bin (created 932), later the Prince of Qin (created 932), later emperor
 <mask> (劉弘熙), later renamed <mask>, the Prince of Jin (created 932), later emperor
 <mask> (劉弘昌), the Prince of Yue (created 932, killed by <mask>g 944)
 <mask> (劉弘弼), the Prince of Qi (created 932, killed by <mask>g 947)
 <mask> (劉弘雅), the Prince of Shao (created 932, killed by <mask>g 945)
 <mask> (劉弘澤), the Prince of Zhen (created 932, killed by <mask>g 944)
 <mask>o (劉弘操), initially the Prince of Wan (created 932), later the Prince of Jiao (created and killed in battle 938).<mask> (劉弘杲), the Prince of Xun (born 923, created 932, killed by <mask>g

masks:
Liu Yan
Wang Yanmei
Liu Yan
Wang Yanmei
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu
Liu Yan
Liu
Yang
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Hongdu
Liu Hongdu
Liu Yaoshu
Liu Guit
Liu Hongdu
Yang Dongqi
Liu Yan
Liu Hongdu
Liu Hongdu
Liu Yan
Yang
Yang
Liu Yan
Yang
Yang
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Hongca
Liu Yan
Liu Hongca
Liu Hongca
Liu Hongca
Liu Hongca
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Hongdu
Liu Hongxi
Liu Hongchang
Liu Hongdu
Liu Hongxi
Liu Hongchang
Liu Yan
Liu Hongdu
Liu Yan
Liu Zhiqian
Liu Qian
Liu Zhiqi
Liu Yaoshu
Liu Guitu
Liu Hongdu
Liu Bin
Liu Hongxi
Liu Sheng
Liu Hongchang
Liu Shen
Liu Hongbi
Liu Shen
Liu Hongya
Liu Shen
Liu Hongze
Liu Shen
Liu Hongca
Liu Honggao
Liu Shen


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<mask> is an American journalist from Los Angeles, California. He is best known for his reporting in Mexico and on Mexicans in the United States, and for his chronicling of the opioid crisis in America through his 2015 book Dreamland, followed by, in 2021, his book, "The Least of Us." He has been a reporter for 35 years. He is now a freelance journalist. Prior to that he was a reporter for the Los Angeles Times from 2004 to 2014. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Claremont, California. He graduated from Claremont High School in 1977 and then attended the University of California at Berkeley, graduating with B.A.degrees in Economics and American History. Career

Journalism
He took his first journalism job in 1987 at the Orange County Register. The next year he moved to Stockton, California, where he spent four years working as a crime reporter for the Stockton Record. In 1992, he moved to Seattle, where he covered county government and politics for the Tacoma News-Tribune. He left for Mexico in 1994 where he worked as a freelance reporter. <mask> returned to the United States in 2004 to work for the Los Angeles Times, covering immigration-related stories and gangs. He wrote in November 2012 about efforts to rework the Mexican indigenous governance system known as usos y costumbres (uses and customs), which has become seen as disadvantaging migrants to the United States and pitting them against people who had remained in their villages.In 2013, he took a leave of absence from the paper to work on his book Dreamland about the opioid epidemic in America, focusing on abuse of prescription painkillers such as Oxycontin and the spread of Mexican black-tar heroin, primarily by men from the town of Xalisco, Nayarit. In 2014, <mask> left the Los Angeles Times to "return to freelancing, writing for National Geographic, Pacific Standard Magazine, the New York Times, the Los Angeles Magazine, and several other publications." In January 2017, <mask> was interviewed by Sally Wiggin from WTAE Pittsburgh. The two discussed his book Dreamland and the opioid epidemic Pennsylvania and other states are facing in the 21st century. Writing for the Los Angeles Times in January 2017, <mask> penned an op-ed piece titled, "The Truth is Immigrants have let us live like Princes." In the article, he writes about the positive economic impact of immigrant workers on the Southern Californian region of the United States. Books
 True Tales from Another Mexico: The Lynch Mob, the Popsicle Kings, Chalino and the Bronx (University of New Mexico Press, 2001) is a collection of non-fiction stories of Mexico on the margins and a country in transition.Among the stories are tales of a colony of drag queens as they prepare for Mexico's oldest gay beauty contest; the Michoacan village where everyone has made a life making popsicles; the bare-knuckle neighborhood of Tepito; the story of Aristeo Prado, the last valiente of his wild and violent rancho in Michoacan; the story of Jesus Malverde, the narcosaint of Sinaloa; Oaxacan Indian basketball players holding onto tradition in Los Angeles; the story of a lynching in a small Hidalgo town; and the only biography ever written of Chalino Sanchez, the immigrant narcosinger gunned down after a show, who became a legend and probably the most influential musical figure to come out of Los Angeles in a generation. Antonio's Gun and Delfino's Dream: True Tales of Mexican Migration (University of New Mexico Press, 2007), is a collection of non-fiction stories about Mexican immigrants, and their lives on both sides of the border, based on his reporting in Mexico. Stories include the Henry Ford of Velvet Painting in El Paso/Juarez; how a rich and vital opera scene emerged in the babbling border city of Tijuana; the season of a high school soccer team in Garden City, Kansas; and finally, how drug-trafficking Mennonites in Chihuahua ran Quinones out of Mexico. Threading through the book are the stories of a young construction worker named Delfino Juarez, who first hitched his future to Mexico City then, when it failed him, he moved north to Los Angeles. Dreamland: The True Tale of America's Opiate Epidemic (Bloomsbury Press, 2015) is story of the evolving opioid epidemic in Mexico and the United States. Quinones describes the "explosion in heroin use and how one small Mexican town changed how heroin was produced and sold in America." The Virgin of the American Dream: Guadalupe on the Walls of Los Angeles, Quinones first book of photojournalism, documents murals of the Virgin of Guadalupe on walls and buildings in Los Angeles.The murals are used to dissuade "tagging" of walls throughout Mexico. The Least of Us: True Tales of America and Hope in the Time of Fentanyl and Meth (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021) is a follow-up to Dreamland which covers synthetic drugs like fentanyl and meth as well as "unnoticed stories of Americans involved in community repair". Other professional activities
In 1998, he was selected as a recipient of the Alicia Patterson Fellowship, for a series of stories on impunity in Mexican villages. In 2008, he was awarded a Maria Moors Cabot prize, by Columbia University, for a career of excellence in covering Latin America. In 2011, he started a storytelling experiment, called "Tell Your True Tale" on his website. The site aims to encourage new writers to write their own stories. At last count it had more than 50 stories posted.In February 2012, <mask> started "True Tales: A Reporter's Blog" about “Los Angeles, Mexico, migrants, culture, drugs, neighborhoods, border, and good storytelling.”

His book Dreamland: The True Tale of America's Opiate Epidemic was released in hardback in 2015, and a year later in paperback. It won a National Book Critics Circle award for the Best Nonfiction Book of 2015. It was also selected as one of the Best Books of 2015 by Amazon.com, the Daily Beast, Buzzfeed, Seattle Times, Boston Globe, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Entertainment Weekly, Audible, and in the Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg Business by Nobel economics laureate, Prof. Angus Deaton, of Princeton University. In 2019, Dreamland was selected as one the Best 10 True-Crime Books of all time based on lists, surveys, and ratings of more than 90 million Goodread.com readers. Also in 2019, Slate.com selected Dreamland as one of the 50 best nonfiction books of the last 25 years. In 2021, GQ Magazine selected Dreamland as one of the “50 Best Books of Literary Journalism of the 21st Century.”

In The Least of Us (published October 2021), <mask> chronicles the emergence of a drug-trafficking world producing massive supplies of dope cheaper and deadlier than ever, marketing to the population of addicts created by the nation's opioid epidemic, as the backdrop to tales of Americans’ quiet attempts to recover community through simple acts of helping the vulnerable. In 2022, the National Book Critics Circle nominated The Least of Us as one of the best nonfiction books of 2021.<mask> has lectured a more than 50 universities across the United States. In 2012, he gave a lecture at the University of Arizona entitled “So Far from Mexico City, So Close to God: Stories of Mexican Immigrants" and of Mexico's Escape from History.”

Personal life
<mask> lives in Southern California. Awards and honors
2015 National Book Critics Circle Award (Nonfiction) winner for Dreamland: The True Tale of America's Opiate Epidemic

References

External links
Official website
2017 Interview with WATE Television in Pittsburgh, PA
<mask> on Twitter
<mask>'s blog

American male journalists
Living people
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Los Angeles Times people
People from Claremont, California
1958 births

masks:
Sam Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Quinones
Sam Quinone


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<mask> (November 26, 1916May 4, 1966) was an American third baseman and right fielder in Major League Baseball who played most of his career with the Pittsburgh Pirates and Boston Braves. He also briefly managed and coached in the Majors. Born in San Francisco, California, the right-handed batting and throwing <mask> stood  tall and weighed . <mask> contributed some of the happiest memories to the Braves' final Boston years, winning the  National League Most Valuable Player Award and earning the nickname "Mr. Team." The following season, his power hitting helped lift Boston to its second National League pennant of the 20th century, the team's first in 34 years, and last before relocating to Milwaukee. He was the second Major League third baseman to have five seasons of 100 runs batted in, joining Pie Traynor, and retired with the highest career slugging percentage (.440) of any NL third baseman.He also led the National League in assists three times and in putouts and double plays twice each, and ended his career among the NL leaders in games (8th, 1262), assists (7th, 2547), total chances (10th, 4113) and double plays (4th, 231) at third base. Early career with Pirates
Raised in El Centro, California, he attended El Centro Junior College and signed with the Pirates in 1936. <mask> came to the Major Leagues as an outfielder in 1939. As a right-handed batter, his power hitting was hampered by the spacious left field at Forbes Field, but in eight years with the team he compiled more than 100 RBI three times, and he batted .315 in 1943. Manager Frankie Frisch shifted him to third base after the 1941 season, seeking to take advantage of his strong arm while compensating for his lack of speed. Exempted from World War II military service due to head injuries from being hit by a batted ball in 1943, <mask> was named to the NL All-Star team in 1941, 1942, 1944 and 1945, and finished among the top ten players in the MVP voting from 1942 through 1944, placing second in the league in RBI the last two years. On July 15, 1945, he hit for the cycle.After the 1946 season, he was traded to the Braves in a lopsided deal for 37-year-old second baseman Billy Herman, a future member of the Baseball Hall of Fame who was named Pittsburgh's playing manager for 1947. But Herman was aghast at the price — <mask> — the Pirates had paid for him. "Why, they've gone and traded the whole team on me", he said. Herman played only 15 more Major League games and the other three players made a total of 127 appearances with the Pirates. Boston's "Mr. Team"
With a friendlier hitting environment at Braves Field, <mask> exceeded the 20 home run mark three times in his five years in Boston, equalling Whitey Kurowski for the most 20-HR seasons by an NL third baseman. In his 1947 MVP campaign, <mask> did not lead the NL in any offensive category; however, he batted .317 (second in the NL), with 22 home runs and 113 runs batted in, all team highs.In 1948, when the Braves won the pennant, <mask> batted .283 with 23 homers and 100 RBI and made his sixth All-Star team. He also led the Major Leagues with 131 walks, breaking the club record of 110 set by Billy Hamilton in 1896; it remains the franchise record. Batting cleanup, he hit .333 in the 1948 World Series, which Boston lost in six games to the Cleveland Indians; he had a pair of home runs in his first two at bats in Game 5, an 11–5 victory, and was 3 for 3 with a walk in the final 4–3 loss in Game 6. Although his numbers declined somewhat thereafter, <mask> enjoyed productive years from  through , including a season batting .305 with 24 HRs and 107 RBI in , his sixth 100-RBI campaign. He was named to his last All-Star squad in 1951, his final year with Boston. By the early 1950s he had broken Kurowski's NL record for career home runs at third base, though Eddie Mathews surpassed him within a few seasons. Late playing career
<mask>'s playing career began to wind down in 1952, as he struggled with the New York Giants following an April trade, and ended after a 1953 campaign split between the St. Louis Browns and Chicago White Sox.Over 15 years (1939–53) and 1,978 games, <mask> batted .289 and collected 2,061 hits, 170 home runs, 382 doubles, 94 triples, 1,064 runs, 967 bases on balls and 1,195 RBI. <mask>'s last highlight was two home runs on opening night for the Giants in 1952, both off Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Robin Roberts. His final Major League game occurred on September 16, 1953 for the White Sox. <mask> then returned to California in 1954 and played for his hometown team, the San Diego Padres of the Pacific Coast League, for the second half of the season. He hit two home runs and drove in five runs in the final game of the year, helping the Padres to win the pennant for the first time since 1937, the team's second year in the PCL (when they were led by 19-year-old San Diegan star Ted Williams). Manager and coach
He became the Padres' manager in 1955 and managed them through the first 35 games of the 1957 season. He also managed the Sacramento Solons of the Pacific Coast League in 1959.After a third-place finish in Sacramento, <mask> received his only Major League managing opportunity when he took over the Kansas City Athletics for the  season. But the Athletics were one of the weakest teams in the American League, and the team's owner, Arnold Johnson, died suddenly just before the season began. The A's won only 58 games while losing 96 (.377) in <mask>'s only season at the helm, finishing in last place. He was fired by new owner Charles O. Finley at season's end, and replaced by Joe Gordon. In , <mask> was a coach for the expansion Los Angeles Angels during their maiden AL campaign. Less than five years later, <mask> died at age 49 in San Diego after suffering a ruptured vein in his windpipe. He was survived by his wife, Skippy, two daughters, Judy Gale and Cheryl Townsend, and grandchildren Daren Klum, Chris Townsend and <mask>.<mask> is buried at Greenwood Memorial Park in San Diego. <mask> was posthumously inducted into both the San Diego Hall of Champions (1967) and the Boston Braves Hall of Fame (1997). See also

 List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
 List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle

References

Further reading

<mask> at Baseball Evolution Hall of Fame

External links

1916 births
1966 deaths
Baseball players from San Francisco
Boston Braves players
Burials at Greenwood Memorial Park (San Diego)
Chicago White Sox players
Kansas City Athletics managers
Knoxville Smokies players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Los Angeles Angels coaches
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball third basemen
National League All-Stars
National League Most Valuable Player Award winners
New York Giants (NL) players
People from El Centro, California
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Sacramento Solons managers
St. Louis Browns players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Savannah Indians players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
Baseball players from San Diego

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Robert Irving Elliott
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<mask> (1823–1884) was an English Post Office reformer and writer. Life
The son of <mask>, a solicitor, by his wife Charlotte, daughter of Colonel Francis Downman, R.A. and niece of Sir Thomas Downman, he was born at Eltham in February 1823, and educated at Christ's Hospital; Sir <mask>, was his uncle. On leaving school he entered the General Post Office (1841), and, on the amalgamation of the receiver-general's and the accountant-general's offices in 1852, was appointed chief examiner of the new department. In 1856 <mask> became receiver and accountant general. He was, after George Chetwynd of the money-order office, heavily involved in the scheme for government savings banks. Scudamore explained to William Ewart Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer the proposed machinery, and had support and obtained authorisation from parliament in 1861. In 1865 Scudamore drew up a report on the advisability of the state acquiring the telegraphs, which were then in the hands of a few private companies, on lines suggested by Frederick Ebenezer Baines.In negotiations <mask> was employed as chief agent, and the way was prepared for the Telegraph Act 1868 entitling the state to acquire all the telegraphic undertakings in the kingdom, and the Telegraph Act 1869 giving the Post Office the monopoly of telegraphic communication. In 1870 the Irish telegraphs were transferred to the Post Office. Sir John Tilley, <mask>'s superior, did not support the nationalisation, but allowed Scudamore to run the resulting state telegraph system. <mask> had been promoted assistant secretary (1863) and soon afterwards second secretary, of the Post Office, and in 1871 he was made C.B. Clashes over his impatience of obstacles led to his resignation in 1875. Among other changes made by Scudamore was the introduction of female clerks into the postal service. He then accepted an offer of the Ottoman government to go to Constantinople to organise the Turkish international post office; the sultan conferred on him the order of the Medjidieh in 1877; he gave up his post on encountering delays.He continued to live at Therapia, and wrote. <mask> died at Therapia on 8 February 1884, aged 61, and was buried in the English cemetery at Scutari. Works
<mask> wrote:

People whom we have never met (1861), a lecture on fairies. The Day Dreams of a Sleepless Man, London, 1875. France in the East; a contribution towards the consideration of the Eastern Question (London, 1882), which is a plea for the good intentions of France in south-eastern Europe, and against the policy of preserving the integrity of the Ottoman empire. <mask> also contributed to Punch, and in The Standard, The Scotsman, the Comic Times, and other papers. He wrote for The World under Edmund Yates.Mentioned by Anthony Trollope
The distinguished British author Anthony Trollope (1815-1882), was employed in the Post Office from 1859 until 1867, when he resigned to devote all his energy to his writing. In his autobiography, he mentioned Scudamore:

When Sir Rowland Hill left the Post Office, and my brother-in-law, Mr.[John] Tilley, became Secretary in his place, I applied for the vacant office of Under-Secretary. Had I obtained this I should have given up my hunting, have given up much of my literary work,—at any rate would have edited no magazine,—and would have returned to the habit of my youth in going daily to the General Post Office. There was very much against such a change in life. The increase of salary would not have amounted to above £400 a year, and I should have lost much more than that in literary remuneration. I should have felt bitterly the slavery of attendance at an office, from which I had then been exempt for five-and-twenty years. I should, too, have greatly missed the sport which I loved.But I was attached to the department, had imbued myself with a thorough love of letters,—I mean the letters which are carried by the post,—and was anxious for their welfare as though they were all my own. In short, I wished to continue the connection. I did not wish, moreover, that any younger officer should again pass over my head. I believed that I had been a valuable public servant, and I will own to a feeling existing at that time that I had not altogether been well treated. I was probably wrong in this. I had been allowed to hunt,—and to do as I pleased, and to say what I liked, and had in that way received my reward. I applied for the office, but Mr. Scudamore was appointed to it.He no doubt was possessed of gifts which I did not possess. He understood the manipulation of money and the use of figures, and was a great accountant. I think that I might have been more useful in regard to the labours and wages of the immense body of men employed by the Post Office. However, Mr. <mask> was appointed; and I made up my mind that I would fall back upon my old intention, and leave the department. I think I allowed two years to pass before I took the step; and the day on which I sent the letter was to me most melancholy. In one of his novels, Trollope made a humorous mention of <mask>. In The Way We Live Now, the planned elopement of Marie Melmotte is frustrated when she is intercepted by detectives instructed by a telegram sent by her father:

It may be well doubted whether upon the whole the telegraph has not added more to the annoyances than to the comforts of life, and whether the gentlemen who spent all the  public money without authority ought not to have been punished with special severity in that they had injured humanity, rather than pardoned because of the good they had produced.Who is benefited by telegrams? The newspapers are robbed of all their old interest, and the very soul of intrigue is destroyed. Poor Marie, when she heard her fate, would certainly have gladly hanged Mr. Scudamore. <mask> married in 1851 Jane, daughter of James Sherwin, surgeon, of Greenwich, and left children. They had at least one son called Leonard George <mask> who was a casualty during the First World War. He was buried in the Commonwealth war graves cemetery of St Leonard's Church at Sutton Veny. Notes

Attribution

1823 births
1884 deaths
Civil servants in the General Post Office
English writers
People from Eltham
Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie
People educated at Christ's Hospital

masks:
Frank Ives Scudamore
John Scudamore
Charles Scudamore
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Family Scudamore
Scudamore