text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 1948) is a Singaporean businessman. He has been the non-executive deputy chairman of Global Yellow Pages since 2020 and was reported in 2018 to have joined Singapore-based fintech firm HydraX as an adviser and director, in addition to serving as chairman of GlobalCities Sustainable Investment. Formerly a politician, <mask> was a member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP) and an elected Member of Parliament representing the Tampines East ward of Tampines GRC from 1988 to 2015. In Parliament, he was Leader of the House from 2007 to 2011. He also held the Cabinet positions of Minister for Communications (1991–1999), Minister for the Environment (1993–1995), and Minister for National Development (1999–2011) before retiring from politics just before the 2015 general election. Education
<mask> was educated at St. Michael's School and St. Joseph's Institution before he received the President's Scholarship and Colombo Plan Scholarship to study at the University of New South Wales. He graduated in 1971 with a Bachelor of Engineering (first class honours) in industrial engineering and also won the University Medal for being the top student in engineering.He completed a Master of Engineering in operations research at the University of New South Wales in 1973 and received an honorary doctorate from the university in 2001. Career in SBS and SPH
After completing his university education, <mask> worked in the Singapore Bus Service from 1973 to 1983 and became its general manager. He was then seconded to Singapore News and Publications to serve as the chief executive officer of the Singapore Monitor newspaper. From 1985 to 1988, he was the group general manager of Singapore Press Holdings, which was formed from the 1984 merger of Singapore News and Publications and two other organisations. Political career

1984 general election
<mask> entered politics in the 1984 general election when he contested as a candidate of the governing People's Action Party (PAP) in Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency (SMC) against Chiam See Tong of the opposition Singapore Democratic Party. He lost to Chiam, who won with 60.28% of the vote. Lee Kuan Yew, the PAP's leader, was thought to have played a role in <mask>'s electoral defeat, having been seen as being unnecessarily dismissive in comparing Chiam's average GCE Ordinary Level results to <mask>'s stellar academic achievements.1988–2015
During the 1988 general election, <mask> joined a three-member PAP team contesting in Tampines Group Representation Constituency (GRC) and they won with 61% of the vote, so <mask> became a Member of Parliament representing the Tampines East ward of Tampines GRC. Since then, he and the PAP team in Tampines GRC had won the subsequent five general elections (1991, 1997, 2001, 2006 and 2011) against the opposition Singapore Democratic Alliance and National Solidarity Party. Excluding an uncontested walkover in 1997, <mask> and the PAP team in Tampines GRC won with results of between 73.34% (in 2001) and 57.22% (in 2011) of the vote during those five general elections. In 1990, <mask> was appointed Minister of State at the Ministry of Trade and Industry and Ministry of Communications. A year later, he was appointed to the Cabinet as Acting Minister for Communications while concurrently holding the post of Minister of State for Trade and Industry. <mask> served as Singapore's Minister for Communications from 1991 to 1999. He concurrently served as the Minister for the Environment from 1993 to 1995.He was appointed Minister for National Development in 1999 and served until 2011. He also served as Deputy Leader of the House in Parliament from 2002 to 2007, and Leader of the House from 2007 to 2011. On 20 May 2011, Mah said at a Building and Construction Authority event that he accepted responsibility over public unhappiness due to a sharp increase in housing prices over the previous years. He stepped down from his Cabinet position of Minister for National Development after the 2011 general election. In a 2013 Chinese-language book published by the Hainan Culture and Heritage Centre, Mah refuted rumours that he had to step down because he had seemingly been blamed for growing public unhappiness over sky-rocketing property prices, claiming that he stepped down to make way for younger, talented people to take over. Throughout his political career, Mah had also held other positions, including chairman of the board of directors of NTUC Comfort from 1983 to 1986; chairman of the National Productivity Board, National Productivity Council and Skills Redevelopment Fund Advisory Council; chairman of the board of governors of the Singapore Institute of Labour Studies from 1990 to 2002; and president of the Football Association of Singapore from 1999 to 2004. <mask> announced his retirement from politics on 23 August 2015 just before the 2015 general election.Post-political career
After retiring from politics in 2015, <mask> was appointed as an independent director and non-executive chairman of Global Yellow Pages in September 2011. In November 2018, <mask> joined Singapore-based fintech firm HydraX as an adviser and director, in addition to serving as chairman of GlobalCities Sustainable Investment. He stepped down as non-executive chairman of Global Yellow Pages in 2020 and has been non-executive deputy chairman and non-independent director since then. Personal life
<mask> is married to Sheryn Kaye Von Senden and they have two sons and two daughters. In 2011, the Flower Dome and Heritage Garden at Gardens by the Bay named a dendrobium <mask> <mask> in his honour. References

External links
 <mask> <mask> at parliament.gov.sg

Members of the Cabinet of Singapore
Members of the Parliament of Singapore
People's Action Party politicians
President's Scholars
University of New South Wales alumni
Saint Joseph's Institution, Singapore alumni
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Hainanese people
1948 births
Living people
Communications ministers of Singapore
Environment ministers of Singapore

masks:
Mah Bow Tan
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Mah
Bow Tan
Mah
Bow Tan


text_chunks:
<mask> (October 1, 1861 – September 23, 1940) was an American historian and economist who was the third president of Montana State University. He served from 1904 to 1919. A group of historians named <mask> one of Montana State's four most important presidents in 2011. Early life and career
<mask><mask> was born on a farm on October 1, 1861, in Crawford County, Illinois, to <mask> and <mask>Burner) <mask>. He was the ninth of 10 children. His Presbyterian paternal grandparents emigrated to the United States from Belfast, Ireland, shortly after the American Revolutionary War. His Lutheran maternal grandparents came from what is now Germany at about the same time.Although his paternal grandparents settled in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania and his maternal grandparents in northern Virginia, they both settled in Licking County, Ohio, in the 1820s. <mask>' parents met there, and married in 1838. About 1850, a large migration of Licking County residents began into the Wabash Valley of Illinois, and his parents were among them. <mask> grew up near Licking Township and attended local public school. His father died when he was 14 years old, and <mask> began working during the spring, summer, and fall in order to support his family. He attended school only in the winter, which prevented him from graduating from school until he was 18 years old. (Most children graduated from high school at about age 16 at the time.)After graduation, <mask> worked as a public school teacher in rural Illinois public schools from 1879 to 1882. <mask> enrolled at Union Christian College in Merom, Indiana. The date of his entry is not clear. He worked at a number of jobs to pay for his education, and he graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1887. He then entered the graduate program at Union Christian, receiving either a master of arts or a master of science degree in 1890. While in the graduate program, he married Emma Shideler of Merom on June 6, 1888. Role in Montana's educational system
<mask> obtained a position as superintendent of the public school system in Sumner, Illinois, in 1887.He worked there until 1889, when he moved to take a similar position in Missoula, Montana. Montana became a state on November 8, 1889. In 1893, the state legislature began considering legislation to establish a state college system. The Montana State Teacher's Association (now MEA-MFT) advocated that a single college be created rather than several. Hamiltion was elected president of the teachers' association in December 1892. <mask> traveled to the new state capital, Helena, to lobby for a single college. But listening to the debates there convinced him that multiple campuses would be more likely to win legislative approval in Montana's bitter political climate (in which towns and cities lobbied hard to undercut one another in an attempt to reap state largesse).The legislature subsequently passed legislation establishing two colleges. It also established a State Board of Education in 1893, and <mask> was appointed a member. While serving on the board, <mask> chose the sites (Missoula and Bozeman) for the two state colleges, their first presidents, and their first faculty members. After eight years of service, <mask> resigned from the State Board of education and took an appointment as a professor of history and economics at Montana State University (Missoula) (now known as the University of Montana). He was promoted to vice-president of the school a short time later. In 1901, the same year that he began teaching at the University of Montana, he began a five-year term as a member of the Montana State Textbook Commission, which chose textbooks for public schools in the state. Montana State University

The Montana State Board of Education appointed <mask> to be President of what was then known as the Agricultural College of the State of Montana (now Montana State University).The first president, Augustus M. Ryon, had only served for a year before coming into significant conflict with faculty and local businesspeople who disagreed with his intent to build a technology-oriented engineering school. His successor, the Rev. Dr. <mask>. Reid, was a Presbyterian minister and educator who rapidly expanded enrollment, obtained a campus, and oversaw the construction of the college's first two buildings—the Agricultural Experiment Station (now known as Taylor Hall) and the Main Building (now known as Montana Hall). Reid was determined, however, to stop students from dancing, drinking, gambling, playing cards, and soliciting prostitutes (common distractions in a frontier town like Bozeman), and his constant anti-vice campaign took a significant toll on his health. He resigned in 1904. Hamilton's governance style was unlike the authoritarian Reid. He was friendly and outgoing, which made him popular among state legislators, local Bozemanites, and students, but he was also a decisive leader who rarely deviated from a course of action (once decided upon).He was also interested in ensuring that Montana State adopted the most modern educational models available, and he traveled widely in Europe in 1912 in order to keep abreast of ongoing changes in European institutions of higher education. Determined to make the college into a school of technology, <mask> rapidly expanded the curriculum in areas such as biology, chemistry, engineering, geology, and physics. He also devised the school motto, "Education for Efficiency", which the college continued to use until the 1990s. Further marking this change in direction, the school was officially renamed the Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1913 (although that name was in widespread use as early as 1894). The college's first great rapid expansion of physical plant also began under <mask>. Constructed during this time were Linfield Hall (1908), Hamilton Hall (1910), and Traphagen Hall (1919). Hamilton Hall was named for Mrs. <mask>, the popular and vivacious president's wife who died on August 12, 1909.The giant whitewashed "M" on the side of the Mount Baldy in the foothills of the Bridger Range was first built in 1916, and in 1917 ROTC came to campus for the first time. <mask> married Florence Ballinger, an instructor in the Department of Home Economics, on August 21, 1918. When World War I ended in 1919, <mask> resigned as president of the college. He argued that a younger man (he was 58 years old by now) should take over. <mask> accepted the position of Dean of Men in addition to resuming his teaching duties in the Department of Economics. Retirement
While continuing to teach, <mask> also continued to attend school. He enrolled in classes at Cornell University, Harvard University, the University of California, and the University of Chicago.He wrote a "Montana Supplement" in 1921 for the civics textbook used in Montana high schools. <mask> continued to take on a number of professional roles as well. He was elected President of the Montana State Teacher's Association in 1922 and 1923, and as of the 1970s remained the only person to hold the office three times. He was also elected president of the Inland Empire Teachers Association in 1923, and remains the only person to hold both the Montana and Inland Empire presidencies concurrently. Death
<mask> cut back his teaching load in 1935 to write. He completed two manuscripts during this time. One was History of Yellowstone National Park (Previous to 1895), and the other was From Wilderness to Statehood: A History of Montana, 1805-1900.Neither was published in his lifetime. In 1957, <mask> asked Dr. <mask>. Burlingame, a professor of history at Montana State College, to edit the latter manuscript into a book. This book was published in 1957, and a revised edition (with a new chapter by Burlingame) issued in 1970. In the spring of 1940, <mask> suffered a stroke. Although it was not considered serious, his health failed rapidly during the summer. He died at his home in Bozeman on September 23, 1940. His funeral was held in what is now Romney Gym, attended by all the faculty and students of Montana State College as well as many members of the public.Legacy, other roles, and honors
<mask> was a member of the Unitarian Church. He was an active Freemason, becoming a Master Mason in Bozeman Lodge No. 18. He was also a member of St. John's Commandery of the Knights Templar, the Algeria Temple of the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He was a founding member of the Bozeman Rotary Club. <mask> also maintained memberships in Phi Kappa Phi and Sigma Chi. Three times, Montana State honored him.The first was on October 18, 1929, which was proclaimed "Dean <mask> Day" in honor of his 25th year of service to the college. That same day, he was elected the first president of the newly formed "Quarter Century Club" (an association of college faculty and staff with twenty-five years or more of service). In June 1930, Montana State University conferred upon him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. In 2011, three historians who wrote a history of MSU were asked to name Montana State University's most important presidents. <mask>, Robert Rydell, and Jeffrey Safford named <mask> one of the four top presidents in the university's history. The others were Roland Renne, Leon H. Johnson, and William Tietz. <mask>, the scholars said, turned Montana State from an ill-defined, small school into a large agricultural college with a strong but narrow focus.His stamp on the university would remain well into the 1950s. References

Bibliography
Burlingame, <mask>., ed. "Introduction." In From Wilderness to Statehood. By <mask><mask>. Portland, Ore.: Binfords & Mort, 1957. Cattell, <mask>.School and Society. New York: Society for the Advancement of Education, 1923. National Education Association. Yearbook and List of Active Members. Winona, Minn.: National Education Association, 1910. External links
Collection 172 - James M. <mask> Papers, 1938–1969. Merrill G. Burlingame Special Collections.Renne Library. Montana State University. 1861 births
1940 deaths
People from Crawford County, Illinois
Writers from Bozeman, Montana
Presidents of Montana State University
Economists from Montana
Historians from Illinois
American Unitarians
Economists from Illinois

masks:
James McClellan Hamilton
Hamilton
James M
. Hamilton
James
Mary (
Hamilton
James
James
James
James
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
James R
Hamilton
Hamilton
Emma Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Florence Hamilton
Merrill G
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Pierce Mullen
Hamilton
Hamilton
Merrill G
James M
. Hamilton
James McKeen
Hamilton


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 7 July 1955) is a Bosnian author and physician who specializes in cardiology. She is the granddaughter of the Yugoslav leader <mask>. Early and personal life
<mask> was born 7 July 1955 in Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia, the youngest child of  (1924–1995), <mask>'s eldest son, and
Zlata Jelinek-Broz from Tuzla. As a teenager, <mask> worked as a free-lance journalist from 1970 to 1975; many of her articles and interviews were published in newspapers and magazines. She graduated from the Belgrade Medical School in 1980 and has served as a cardiologist at the Military Medical Academy from 1981 to 1999, and volunteered her services at the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992. Her new project is about inter-ethnic marriages entered into during the war. At the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992 she volunteered to work as a cardiologist in the atrocity zones.Over and over again her patients told her how their survival had been possible only thanks to individuals with the courage to stand up against the ethnic violence perpetrated by members of their own ethnic group, and in January 1993 she began interviewing for the book that describes these human experiences during the Bosnian War. The book was published in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999 with a title Dobri ljudi u vremenu zla and in 2003 in the United States under the title Good People in an Evil Time. In 2000, she moved to Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina permanently. The reason for this was, as she stated in a 2005 interview for Bosnian daily newspaper Nezavisne novine: "After the NATO intervention, I moved to Sarajevo. Twenty years ago, Belgrade was a European metropolis, a city that I loved a lot. Unfortunately, in a way that city has lost its soul. Sarajevo, despite going through a four-year-long siege of hell, kept its soul intact.I love Bosnia-Herzegovina, I feel as this is my homeland. Last year I even became a citizen." <mask> is currently heading the local branch of the Gardens of the Righteous Worldwide (GARIWO) non-governmental organization. She is the founder of "Education Towards Civil Courage", a series of seminars designed to teach adolescents from all over the Balkans how to stand up to corruption and social and political divisiveness. In 2007, the organization began research and preparation for the foundation of a Center for Civil Courage in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Since 2001 <mask> heads the organization GARIWO (technically a subsidiary of the Italian non-profit body Gardens of the Righteous Worldwide) with its flagship program Education on Civil Courage  (She defines civil courage as „The will and ability to disobey, to resist, to oppose and to end by non-violent means  the abuse of power by any public authorities, private enterprises or individuals who deliberately neglect their duties to society or illegally use the levers of their political, economic or social power to their own advantage – whether in the media or in the academic, ecclesiastical or family spheres“) designed to combat the prevailing ethnic intolerance, corruption, violence, or any type of discriminatory behavior, and to build a resilient civil society in the West Balkans by inspiring civil courage above all in the young and teaching the day-to-day skills of constructive opposition <mask> is recognized (and correspondingly reviled and threatened) as an outstanding human rights advocate for all who are unfairly persecuted for their courage to witness against war criminals and war and post-war profiteers. When her colleague and Director of  Summer School of Civil Courage, which <mask> founded and designed, Professor Dusko Kondor was assassinated for his own moral courage on February 22.2007, <mask> launched, in Dusko's memory, the annual Dusko Kondor Civil Courage Awards. Over the course of the 6 years of its existence, this prestigious award was given to 30 laureates. Laureates are now publicly recognized role models of civil courage. The annual ceremonies, attended last year by over a thousand young people, are well covered by local TV and other media. Coverage of such event always triggers a vigorous debate in society about civil courage, civil rights, discrimination and whole set of other social problems. Since conception of her program of Education on Civil Courage in the West Balkans she was able to deliver over 300 public lectures in 90 towns in B&H attended by over 100.000 citizens; organized 12 eight-day seminars and 7 three-day seminars attended by 450 students from 84 towns in 5 West Balkan countries; organized 10 meetings of students with ambassadors and 26 round tables, and edited 10 thirty-minute TV documentaries in a series “Good People in an Evil Time” broadcast in Serbia, B&H and Montenegro. She has also edited and published 14 books on civil courage translated from different languages.Broz is now working on screen plays and editing documentary films for a TV series called “The Best Among Us” as powerful lessons in ethics and civics for present and future generations in the West Balkans, Europe and beyond. Broz is the author of two books:
Good People in an Evil Time – Portraits of Complicity and Resistance in the Bosnian War, translated by Ellen Elias-Bursać, Other Press, New York, 2003
Having What it Takes – Essays on Civil Courage, edited by Tom Butler, Gariwo Sarajevo, 2006., and of many essays published in books such as:
The Iraq War and Its Consequences – Thoughts of Nobel Peace Laureates and Eminent Scholars, World Scientific, New Jersey, 2003;
Peace Movements Worldwide – Peace Efforts That Work and Why, ed. By Marc Pilisuk and Michael Nagler, Praeger, Santa Barbara, CA, 2011. War and community: Collective experiences in the former Yugoslavia, D. Spini, D.Čorkalo Biruški, G. Elcheroth, Springer, 2013

Her work is internationally recognized for its educational innovation and unique approach. She has lectured at over 100 universities in the US and Europe including at Harvard the Kennedy School of Government and the Harvard School of Public Health, Yale, Berkeley, UCLA, Stanford, Boston University, Tufts, Boston College, Wellesley, Haverford and Dartmouth, and also in London, Edinburgh,  Berlin, Munich, Geneva, Lausanne, Graz, Vienna, Prague, Milan, Torino, Verona, Bologna, Rimini, Warsaw, Amsterdam, The Hague, Goteborg, Marseille,  Lillehammer, Oslo, Stockholm, Barcelona and Madrid. Broz is the member of the International Board of the Tufts University 'Institute for Global Leadership, Member of the editorial board of the on-line Magazine Duh Bosne/Spirit of Bosnia, President of the Sarajevo City Steering Committee for the Garden of the Righteous, President of the Senate of The First Children's Embassy in the World, Sarajevo, member of various NGOs in Sarajevo including: The Association of Independent Intellectuals CIRCLE 99, The Sarajevo International Multi-religious and Inter-cultural Center, Education Builds B&H etc. Under the leadership of Broz, her organization is providing internship opportunities for graduate students in social sciences from around the world.<mask> has given over 2.000 interviews, participated in hundreds of TV and radio broadcasts and in dozens TV documentary films worldwide (Herald Tribune, New York Times, Boston Globe, NPR, The Times, The Guardian, The Independent, Le Monde, Le Figaro, La Stampa, Io Donna, RAI, El Pais, Gazeta Wyborcza, Russian RTV, Turkish TV, Mainichi Shimbun). Awards and honors
<mask> was honored in 2011 by French President Nicolas Sarkozy with the award of the Ordre National du Merite. She is an honorary citizen of the city of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, her mother's hometown. In 2007 Centro Educativo Italo Svizzero, in Rimini, Italy awarded her the La Bussola dell’ Educazione “Margherita Zoebeli”; in 2003 the City Government of Milan, Italy awarded her L'Ambrogino d'Oro and dedicated a tree and stone to her in the World Garden of the Righteous. Writings
Good People in an Evil Time, 2002. Having What It Takes: Essays on Civil Courage, 2006

References

External links

Biography
GARIWO Sarajevo
Svetlana Broz Homepage

1955 births
Living people
Writers from Belgrade
Writers from Sarajevo
Physicians from Belgrade
University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine alumni
Yugoslav cardiologists
Bosnia and Herzegovina cardiologists
Bosnia and Herzegovina journalists
Bosnia and Herzegovina women journalists
Bosnia and Herzegovina people of Croatian descent
Bosnia and Herzegovina people of Slovenian descent
Bosnia and Herzegovina people of Russian descent

masks:
Svetlana Broz
Josip Broz Tito
Svetlana Broz
Josip Broz Tito
Broz
Career Broz
Broz
Svetlana
Svetlana
Broz
Broz
Broz


text_chunks:
<mask> ( 1796–June 22, 1841) was an African-American, community leader, and abolitionist in Boston, Massachusetts in the early 19th century. Dedicated to improving the lives of people of color at the local level, as well as the national level. Family History

Grandparents

<mask><mask>' grandfather <mask> (xxxx-1757) perhaps from Barbados was a slave of John Simonds (1729-1812) Lexington, Massachusetts. Abel and Kate were "received into the church" on April 19, 1754 in Lexington, Massachusetts. Quawk died three years later. They had three children: <mask> (1755-1777) who died in service to his country, 15th Massachusetts Regiment, Revolutionary War, <mask> (1755-xxxx), and <mask> (1756-1817). Parents

<mask>. Barbadoes father <mask> (1756-1817) was born in Lexington, Massachusetts and his mother and Chloe Holloway (1759-1843), was born in Hollowell, Maine.Abel and Chloe were married on September 27, 1782 at the First Baptist Church in Boston, Massachusetts. They had nine children: Abel Bardadoes (1785-1820), <mask> (1790-1859) married Charles Elsbury (1790-xxxx), Clarissa <mask> (1795-xxxx) married Coffin Pitts (1788-1871), Robert H<mask> (1799-xxxx), Catherine L<mask> (1802–1888), <mask> (1805–1873) married Susan Bensen (1812-1875). The 1798 Federal Dwellings Tax showed Abel and <mask> and their family living at the rear of 19 Belknap Street on the north slope of Beacon Hill before the filling process was completed on the south side by 1805. This should lay to rest the notion that the African American community on the north slope "developed as servant quarters for blacks employed by wealthy Beacon Hill families," for it preceded the lion's share of development of the affluent part of Beacon Hill, considering the intervening embargoes and War of 1812, by more than two decades. Wives and Children

<mask><mask> married his first wife, Almira Long, on May 28, 1818 in Boston, Massachusetts. He married his second wife, Mary Ann Willis (1803-1828), on October 14, 1821 in the Second Congregational Church Dorchester, Massachusetts. They had four children: Mary Ann <mask> (1822-1858) married Osmore Lew Freeman (1820-1905) grandson of Barzillai Lew, <mask> <mask> Jr. (1823-1823), Frederick G<mask> (1825-1899) married Rebecca A. Cowes (1836-xxxx), <mask> <mask> Jr. (1826-1841).He married his third wife, Rebecca Brint (1802-1874), on December 22, 1829 in Boston, Massachusetts. They had seven children: <mask><mask> (1831-1832), William G<mask> (1832-1832), Rebecca B<mask> (1833-1921), Garrison K<mask> (1834-xxxx), Jeanette <mask> (1836-1915) married Lewis H. Williams (1845-xxxx), Elizar S<mask> (1838-xxxx), Emeline / Evelyne <mask> (1839-xxx) married Horace Wycoff Fleet (1849-xxx). Community and Abolition Activities

Prince Hall Freemasonry

African Lodge #1

Prior to 1775, Prince Hall and fourteen other free black men petitioned for admittance to the white Grand Lodge of Massachusetts and were turned down. Having been rejected by colonial Freemasonries, Hall and the others sought and were initiated into the Masonry by members of the Grand Lodge of Ireland on March 6, 1775 - African Lodge #1 was established and Hall was named Grand Master. African Lodge #459

In 1784, the African Lodge #1 applied to and received a charter from the Premier Grand Lodge of England and was renamed African Lodge #459. In 1827, the African Lodge #459 declared its independence from the Grand Lodge of England and became the Prince Hall Freemasonry. Prominent African Lodge #459 Members:

 <mask>, Tailor
 <mask><mask>, Hairdresser
 Thomas Dalton, Bootblack, husband of Lucy Lew, son-in-law of Barzillai Lew
 Aaron Gaul, Sawyer
 John T. Hilton, Hairdresser
 Peter Lew, son of Barzillai Lew
 Walker Lewis, Hairdresser
 David Walker, Clothing Dealer

Massachusetts General Colored Association

In 1826, several members of the African Lodge #459 Prince Hall Freemasonry in Boston, Massachusetts, including <mask> G. Barbadoes, met and established the Massachusetts General Colored Association "to promote the welfare of the race by working for the destruction of slavery."The Association was an early supporter of William Lloyd Garrison. Association members were also active in organizations to furthered their objectives, such as the African Society, the Abiel Smith School, and the African Meeting House. The organization was especially concerned with the following Issues:

 Abolishing discriminatory Massachusetts's laws
 Integrating public schools and accommodations
 Abolishing the prohibition of inter-racial marriages
 Abolishing slavery in the South
 Uplifting African Americans through education and religion

Elected Officers:

 Thomas Dalton, President
 William G. Nell, Vice President
 <mask><mask>, Secretary

Other Founding Members included:

Frederick Brimley; Thomas Cole; Hosea Easton; Joshua Easton; John T. Hilton; Walker Lewis; Coffin Pitts, husband of Clarissa <mask>, brother-in-law of <mask><mask>; John E. Scarlett; David Walker. The Liberator

One month before the first edition of The Liberator, December 10, 1830, William Lloyd Garrison spoke to a gathering of "colored citizens" in Boston, Massachusetts; among those present was <mask>, who writes to Garrison in a February 12, 1831 edition of the paper. The Editor is addressed as "Esteemed Friend", and his speech is commended. Barbadoes says, "...nothing was ever uttered more important and beneficial to our color...full of virtue and consolation, perfect in explanation, and it furnished a rule to live by and to die by." First Annual Convention of Free People of Color

In 1831, the following African Americans represented Massachusetts as delegates to the First National Convention of Free People of Color, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - <mask><mask>, a hairdresser, Reverend Hosea Easton, Henry H. Moody, Robert Roberts, a printer, and Reverend Samuel Snowden.<mask> was appointed vice president. American Colonization Society

On February 15, 1831, pursuant to public notice, a meeting was held by the colored citizens of Boston, Massachusetts, at their school-house, for the purpose of expressing their sentiments in a remonstrance against the doings of the State Colonization Society a chapter of the American Colonization Society. It was called to order by <mask>. Barbadoes. Mr. Robert Roberts was elected President, and <mask><mask>, secretary. New England Anti-Slavery Society

In 1831, the New England Anti-Slavery Society (1831–1835) was organized by William Lloyd Garrison editor of The Liberator. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, members of the New England Anti-Slavery Society supported immediate abolition and viewed slavery as immoral and non-Christian. It was particularly opposed to the American Colonization Society which proposed sending African Americans to Africa.The Society sponsored lecturers or "agents" who traveled throughout New England and New York, speaking in local churches or halls, and also selling abolitionist tracts or "The Liberator." Whenever possible, the Society's agents would encourage the formation of local anti-slavery societies. By 1833 there were 47 local societies in ten northern states, 33 of them in New England. The Society also sponsored mass mobilizations such as yearly anti-slavery conventions. Memoir of William Cooper Nell

"The colored race have been generally considered by their enemies, and sometimes even by their friends, as deficient in energy and courage. Their virtues have been supposed to be principally negative ones. This little collection of interesting incidents, made by a colored man, will redeem the character of the race from this misconception, and show how much injustice there may often be in a generally admitted idea."I remember, when a boy, in January, 1832, looking in at the vestry window of Belknap Street Church, while the Editor of The Liberator and a faithful few organized the first Anti-Slavery Society. The immediate result of the labors of the Anti-Slavery press and the public lecturers, was the formation of exclusive organizations among the colored people. They, and the great body of the Abolitionists, did not then see eye to eye in the matter of combined action, for many of the latter supposed their Anti-Slavery mission was ended when they had publicly protested against slavery, without being careful to exemplify their principles in every-day practice. Many of the colored people, too, seemed to think that enough of heaven was opened unto them, when white people would talk Anti-Slavery; the idea of social political equality seemingly never being dreamed of by them. In accordance with this view, a society was formed, called the Massachusetts General Colored Association. The object of this Association was the promulgation of Anti-Slavery truth. In January, 1833, it made application to be received as an auxiliary to the Massachusetts then New England Anti-Slavery Society through the following letter:-- At this meeting of the Anti-Slavery Society, Rev.Samuel Snowden was elected a Counsellor; the next year, <mask>. Barbardoes and Joshua Easton; and subsequently, John T. Hilton was appointed, who, with Charles Lenox Remond, is now Vice President. The Massachusetts General Colored Association, cordially approving the objects and principles of the New England Anti-Slavery Society, would respectfully communicate their desire to become auxiliary thereto. They have accordingly chosen one of their members to attend the annual meeting of the Society

masks:
James George Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
Quak Abel Barbadoes
Isaac Barbadoes
Mercy Barbadoes
Abel Barbadoes
James G
Abel Barbadoes
Mary Barbadoes
Ann Barbadoes
. Barbadoes
. Barbadoes
Isaac Barbadoes
Chloe Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
Barbadoes
James George
Barbadoes
. Barbadoes
James George
Barbadoes
James A
. Barbadoes
. Barbadoes
. Barbadoes
. Barbadoes
Pier Barbadoes
. Barbadoes
Barbadoes
Isaac Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
James
James G
. Barbadoes
Ann Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
James Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
Barbadoes
James G
James G
. Barbadoes
James G


text_chunks:
 as their delegate, Mr. Joshua Easton, North Bridgewater, solicit his acceptance in that capacity." Thomas Dalton, President
 William G. Nell, Vice President
 <mask><mask>, Secretary

Of course, this request was cordially granted; but they and their white friends soon learned that complexional Anti-Slavery societies, as such, were absurdities, to say the least, and hence, such distinctions soon melted into thin air; and if the spirit of Susan Paul takes cognizance of events familiar to her when in the flesh, she is now rejoicing in her association with the Anti-Slavery societies of that time, their "Martyr Acre," and her share in the perils consequent upon the burning of Pennsylvania. Affidavit of <mask>, Barbadoes

In 1833, <mask><mask>, Boston, a member of the New England Anti-Slavery Society Convention states, among five cases of kidnapping within his knowledge, one was of his own brother. About eighteen years ago, Robert H<mask> was kidnapped in New Orleans, imprisoned, handcuffed and chained, for about five months or longer, and deprived every way of communication his situation to his parents. His protection was taken from him, and torn up.He was often severely flogged, to be made submissive, and deny that that he was free born. He was unluckily caught with a letter wrote with a stick, and with the blood drawn from his own veins, for the purpose of communicating to his father his situation; but this project failed, for the letter was torn was away from him and destroyed, and he very severely flogged. He then lost most every hope; but at length the above Peter Smith was kidnapped again in this garden of paradise of freedom, and being lodged in the same cell with his, he communicated to Smith the particulars of his suffering. At the examination of Smith, he was found to have free papers, signed by the Governor, in consequence of which, he was set at liberty, He then wrote Barbadoes' parents, and likewise arrived in Boston as soon as the letter. Free papers were immediately obtained, and signed by his father and Mrs. Mary Turel, Mr.  Giles, and Thomas Clark, town clerk; and by the Governor of the State, demanding him without delay. He was returned to his native town, Boston, where all these persons belonged. The above wrote by <mask>. <mask>.Testified by him and others of the connexions. Suffolk, as: Boston, Nov. 20, 1833. Subscribed and sworn, before me, David L. Child, Justice of the Peace. American Anti-Slavery Society

On his way to the 1833 National Anti-Slavery Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, "<mask><mask> was compelled (though in feeble state of health) to remain on the deck of a Providence, Rhode Island steamboat all night, without shelter, in the wintery month of December: in consequences of which exposure, he was prostrated with sickness for many weeks, and perhaps never fully recovered from the effects of it to the day of his death. So brutal, so murderous, is the spirit of prejudice in this country toward our colored population." Perhaps recalling the service of his Uncle <mask> during the Revolutionary War to his country, it is reported that while on this miserable passage to Philadelphia, <mask><mask> warned: "that in the revolutionary struggle for Britain, our fathers were called upon to fight for liberty, and promptly did they obey the summons--gallantly contenting, shoulder to shoulder, with those who then made no distinction as to the color of a man's skin, that they might secure to themselves and their children the rights and privileges of freemen." In December 1833, <mask><mask>, Massachusetts, was one of sixty-two delegates from eleven States who met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to establish demanding immediate emancipation.This organization would become one of the most important American abolition groups the American Anti-Slavery Society. Delegates represented a cross-section of those who were to lead the abolition movement over the next three decades. <mask> was elected to the American Antislavery Society's Board of Managers. Signers of the American Anti-Slavery Society's "Declaration of Sentiments" included white Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison, Samuel J. May, Arthur Tappan, Lewis Tappan, John G. Whittier, Elizur Wright, and three African Americans: <mask> <mask>, Boston, <mask>, Philadelphia, a barber and dentist, and Robert Purvis, Philadelphia, handsome and urbane, who, despite his light complexion, proudly identified himself as an African American. Whereas the Most High God "hath made of one blood all nations of men to dwell on all the face of the earth," and hath commanded them to love their neighbors as themselves...we believe that it is practicable, by appeals to the consciences, hearts, and interests of the people, to awaken a public sentiment throughout the nation [to oppose] the continuance of Slavery in any part of the Republic. The Split in the Antislavery Movement

When William Lloyd Garrison reported in 1836 that the American Anti-Slavery Society's "impetus is increasing," he could not foretell that in four years the society would be rent asunder by the defection of the anti-Garrisonian abolitionists.There were strong personality issues in the split. Various charges were brought against Garrison personally. He was charged with having a "deliberate and well-matured design to make the anti-slavery organization subservient to the promotion of personal and sectarian views on the subjects of Women's Rights … Civil Government, the Church, the Ministry, and the Sabbath." Basically, however, the split was the result of genuine ideological differences. African American abolitionists also split on the same issues dividing white antislavery men and women. <mask><mask>, William Cooper Nell, Charles Remond, and William P. Powell supported William Lloyd Garrison and continued to work inside the American Anti-Slavery Society, while Samuel Cornish, Christopher Rush (founder and second bishop of the African Episcopal Zion church), and Charles B. Ray, then an editor of the Colored American, became members of the first executive committee of the new American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. Henry Highland Garnet, too, was one of the founders of the new organization and a speaker for the Liberty Party.A resolution published in The Liberator concluded:

...of Mr. Garrison we can truly add, that we doubt not that the day will come, when many an emancipated slave will say of him, while weeping over his monument, "This was my best friend and benefactor. I here bathe his tomb with the tears of that liberty, which his services and sufferings achieved for me. Resolved, That to slander Garrison, and pronounce him a hypocrite is certainly the most unkind and ungrateful expression that could ever escape the lips of any colored man, and in what we least expected to hear, after so much toil and suffering in our behalf; and we rejoice that such spirits are few and far between. On the other side, Charles B. Ray wrote an interesting letter to Henry Stanton and <mask>, suggesting that people of color might be feeling somewhat "less warmth of feeling" for Garrison because there were now so many efficient antislavery workers in addition to the editor of The Liberator and also because there was something left to be desired in the "spirit with which Brother Garrison has conducted his own paper since the controversy commenced." Although Garrison was able to maintain his hold over Boston's black population, most African Americans elsewhere were not so firm in their support. The rivalry between those who supported Garrison and those who opposed him was to become a major feature in the North during the two decades before the Civil War. Education for Boston's Children of Colored

African School

In 1787, Prince Hall petitioned the Massachusetts legislature for African American access to the public school system, but was denied.Eleven years later, after petitions by the black parents for separate schools were also denied, black parents organized a community school in the home of Primus Hall, Prince Hall's son, on the corner of West Cedar and Revere Streets on Beacon Hill. In 1808, the grammar school in the Hall home on the northeast corner of West Cedar and Revere Streets was moved to the first floor of the African Meeting House. In 1815, white businessman Abiel Smith died and bequeathed $4,000 to the Town of Boston for the education of African American children. Boston's School Committee used the money to fund the already existing African School and establish two primary schools in the 1820s. Businesses

Obituary

The Obituary for <mask> <mask> appeared in The Liberator on August 6, 1841. Intelligence has been received that our late worthy colored citizen,  Mr. <mask><mask>, died at St. Ann's Bay, (Jamaica) on the 22nd of June last, of the 'West Indies fever,' aged 45. Mr. <mask> was among the emigrants who went from this section of the country, last year, to the island of Jamaica, hoping to better his condition; but in common  with them, he soon found that he had been duped by the flattering representations that had been held out by persons in the pay of the West India proprietors.Two of his children died before him. His afflicted widow, with the remainder of her family, is now probably on her way to Boston. See also
 Dalton, Thomas
 Lew, Barzillai
 Lew, Harry

References

1790s births
1841 deaths
African-American abolitionists
People from Beacon Hill, Boston
Abolitionists from

masks:
James G
. Barbadoes
James G
James G
. Barbadoes
. Barbadoes
James G
Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
Isaac Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
Barbadoes
James George
Barbadoes
James McCrummill
James G
. Barbadoes
James Birney
James George
Barbadoes
James G
. Barbadoes
Barbadoes


text_chunks:
<mask> (September 19, 1930 – February 29, 1992) was an American football player, coach, and announcer. He played professionally as a quarterback in National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants and Dallas Cowboys, and in the American Football League (AFL) for the Oakland Raiders. <mask> played college football at the University of Washington. Early years
Born in Chicago, <mask> was raised in western Washington and graduated from Bremerton High School, west of Seattle, in 1948. As a senior in the fall of 1947, he led the Wildcats to the mythical state title. That winter, he contributed to the basketball team finishing in second-place at state. College career

<mask> played quarterback at Washington in Seattle, leading the nation in passing in 1950 and 1952, and setting many of the school's passing records.His 60.9 completion percentage in 1950 set an NCAA record. <mask> missed the 1951 season due to a pre-season shoulder separation, and was selected in the third round of the 1952 NFL Draft, but stayed in college and played his fifth-year senior season with the Huskies in 1952. He was inducted into the U.S. Army that November, prior to the Apple Cup in Spokane against Washington State, but was granted a pass to play. The Cougars had won the previous year in Husky Stadium while <mask> was sidelined, but he led the Huskies to a 33–27 victory in 1952, and finished 3–0 in his career against WSC. <mask> played two seasons (1949, 1950) with hall of fame running back Hugh McElhenny. They were expected to play together for three, but <mask>'s shoulder injury put junior Sam Mitchell and sophomore Dean Rockey at quarterback in 1951; after three wins in their first four games, Washington went winless and fell to 3–6–1. Professional career

New York Giants
<mask> was selected by the New York Giants in the third round (35th overall) of the 1952 NFL Draft with a future draft pick, which allowed the team to draft him before his college eligibility was over.He served in the military for just under two years, and also got a chance to play football for Fort Ord. He missed the 1953 season and reported to the Giants in 1954. While in the army, he played for the Fort Ord Warriors, which included running back Ollie Matson. In his six seasons with the Giants, he saw action in three NFL championship games (1956, 1958, 1959), while being the starting quarterback of the 1956 title team. With Vince Lombardi as the Giants' offensive coordinator (1954–58), <mask> split time at quarterback with Charlie Conerly, with him being used to probe defenses and Conerly coming into the games to capitalize on weaknesses. Dallas Cowboys
<mask> was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the 1960 expansion draft. The head coach was Tom Landry, the defensive coordinator with the Giants through the 1959 season.<mask> again shared time at quarterback, with veteran Eddie LeBaron and rookie <mask>. Oakland Raiders
He returned as a player in 1962 after the American Football League Oakland Raiders bought his rights from the NFL's Cowboys. The Raiders needed quarterback depth after learning that the previous year's No. 1 draft choice, Tom Flores, would miss the season due to a lung infection. Coaching career
In 1961, <mask> returned to the Giants as a backfield coach under newly-promoted head coach Allie Sherman. From 1963 to 1964, he was the backfield coach for the Los Angeles Rams, under former Giants teammate Harland Svare. In 1965, he was hired as a scout for the expansion Atlanta Falcons.From 1966 to 1968, he was the assistant for offense and called the plays for the Pittsburgh Steelers under former Giants teammate Bill Austin. From 1969 to 1970, he was the backfield coach for the New Orleans Saints under Tom Fears. From 1971 to 1975, he began as the defensive backfield coach before being moved to the passing-receiving coach for the San Francisco 49ers under Dick Nolan. Broadcasting career
In 1976, <mask> began his broadcasting career, working first on Washington Huskies games and also as the first radio game analyst for the Seattle Seahawks Radio Network (working with Pete Gross and Wayne Cody) and then becoming an analyst for the 49ers' games. In 1983 and 1984, <mask> was a color analyst for ESPN and ABC broadcasts of the United States Football League (USFL). <mask> worked with Preview Sports Publications, with whom he published the magazines <mask>'s College Football and <mask>'s Pro Preview, until his death. In 1991, he was the analyst for Pac-10 games on Prime Ticket, a cable channel based in Los Angeles.Honors and death
In 1974, he was inducted into the State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame. In 1981, he was inducted into the Husky Hall of Fame. In 1987, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. In 1990, he was named the starting quarterback on Washington's Centennial Team. <mask> was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in June 1991, and died at age 61 at his home in Saratoga, California. See also
 List of American Football League players
 List of college football yearly passing leaders

References

External links

 State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame – Football – <mask>
 Sports Press Northwest – Wayback Machine: 'Deadeye' <mask>

1930 births
1992 deaths
People from Saratoga, California
Sportspeople from Chicago
People from Bremerton, Washington
Players of American football from Washington (state)
American football quarterbacks
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Dallas Cowboys players
Los Angeles Rams coaches
Atlanta Falcons scouts
New Orleans Saints coaches
New York Giants coaches
New York Giants players
Oakland Raiders players
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches
San Francisco 49ers announcers
San Francisco 49ers coaches
Seattle Seahawks announcers
Washington Huskies football players
United States Football League announcers
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American Football League players
Players of American football from Chicago

masks:
Donald Alan Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Don Meredith
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Heinrich
Don Heinrich
Don Heinrich
Heinrich
Don Heinrich
Don Heinrich


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1959) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general who last served as the 28th chief of the National Guard Bureau from August 2016 to August 2020. As chief, he was responsible for ensuring that nearly 460,000 Army National Guard and Air National Guard personnel are accessible, capable and ready to protect the homeland and to provide combat capabilities to the United States Army and the United States Air Force. <mask>el is a command pilot with more than 3,000 flying hours primarily in the F-16. Prior to his current assignment, <mask>el served as the 10th vice chief of the National Guard Bureau. His previous general officer assignments include Senior United States Defense Official; Chief, Office of Military Cooperation; and Defense Attaché, Cairo, United States Central Command, Cairo, Egypt. He retired from the Air Force on August 3, 2020, after over 38 years of service. Early life
<mask> is the son of <mask> and <mask>.His father was a career Air Force officer and Vietnam War veteran who was held as a prisoner of war; he received the Silver Star and retired a lieutenant colonel. <mask>el has two brothers and a sister; one of his brothers, Gregory J<mask>, is a retired major general and was a career Air Force special operations officer. <mask>el was commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1981 through the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps program at North Texas State University. Military career

<mask>el served in various operational and staff assignments, primarily as an Instructor Pilot and unit Weapons Officer in the F-16 Fighting Falcon. His experience in the F-16 includes tours in Tactical Air Command, Air Combat Command, Pacific Air Forces, United States Air Forces in Europe and the Texas Air National Guard. He has commanded a fighter squadron, operations group, air expeditionary group and the Air National Guard Readiness Center. Education
1981 Bachelor's degree in chemistry, University of North Texas
1984 Squadron Officer School, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
1988 Air Force Fighter Weapons Instructor Course, Nellis AFB, Nevada
1994 Air Command and Staff College, by seminar
2001 Air War College, by correspondence
2008 National Security Management Course, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, N.Y.
2009 Capstone General and Flag Officer Course, National Defense University, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
2010 Combined Force Air Component Commander Course, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
2010 Harvard John F. Kennedy School of Government, Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security, Cambridge, Mass.2011 University of Tennessee, Master of Business Administration

Assignments
 March 1982 – March 1983, Student, undergraduate pilot training, 47th Flying Training Wing, Laughlin AFB, Texas
 March 1983 – May 1983, Student, fighter lead-in training, 479th Tactical Training Wing, Holloman AFB, New Mexico
 May 1983 – January 1984, Student, F-16 upgrade training, 56th Tactical Training Wing, MacDill AFB, Florida. June 2009 – July 2010, Military Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategic Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.
 July 2010 – June 2011, Vice Commander, 1st Air Force (Air Forces Northern), Tyndall AFB, Florida
 June 2011 – August 2012, Senior U.S. Defense Official; Chief, Office of Military Cooperation and Defense Attaché, Cairo, U.S. Central Command, Cairo, Egypt
 August 2012 – August 2016, Vice Chief, National Guard Bureau, Washington, D.C.
 August 2016 – August 2020, Chief, National Guard Bureau, Washington, D.C. Flight information
Rating: Command Pilot
Flight hours: more than 3,000
Aircraft flown: T-37, T-38 and F-16

Awards and decorations

Other achievements
1983 Distinguished graduate, undergraduate pilot training
2009 Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown Command Excellence Award
Multiple civilian pilot ratings, including Airline Transport Pilot

Effective dates of promotion
Second Lieutenant Dec. 21, 1981
First Lieutenant Dec. 21, 1983
Captain Dec. 21, 1985
Major Dec. 13, 1994
Lieutenant Colonel Dec. 23, 1998
Colonel Sept. 18, 2002
Brigadier General Sept. 26, 2008
Major General April 1, 2011
Lieutenant General  Aug. 18, 2012
General Aug. 3, 2016

References

External links

Official biography

1959 births
American people of Hungarian descent
United States Air Force personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Chiefs of the National Guard Bureau
Living people
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Air Force generals
University of North Texas alumni

masks:
Joseph Lauren Lengyel
Lengy
Lengy
Joseph Lauren Lengyel
Lauren
Margaret Lengyel
Lengy
. Lengyel
Lengy
Lengy


text_chunks:
<mask> ( – May 14, 1978) was a Ukrainian-born operatic bass. Having initially established his artistic reputation in Europe, <mask> became an American citizen in 1931, following his marriage to an American. He appeared often at the Chicago Opera before making his belated début at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City in 1940. Early life
<mask> was born in Zhytomyr, the capital of the Volhynian Governorate, in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine). His impoverished family of seven lived in a Jewish ghetto. After his father died, when he was aged 12, he helped support the family as a carpenter's apprentice and by singing soprano in local synagogues and in Bessarabia (now Moldova) until his voice changed. As a teenager he took part in a Yiddish theatrical group, until he entered the Warsaw Conservatory at age 19.The conservatory did not require a high-school diploma. His education included the study of the trombone, double bass and conducting. All the while he continued to sing in synagogues. On the recommendation of the choirmaster, he traveled to Berlin and studied voice with Ernst Grenzebach who was also a teacher of Lauritz Melchior, Meta Seinemeyer, and Max Lorenz. At the same time he sang second bass in Monti's Operetta Theater. When the First World War started, <mask> was interned as an alien in a German holding camp. While singing to himself he was overheard by an army captain whose brother was general manager of the Wiesbaden Opera.<mask> was released from custody and he was engaged by the Hamburg Opera. He made his operatic debut in 1915, singing three Johann Strauss songs as a "guest" in the party scene of the operetta Die Fledermaus. In 1917, he moved to the Wiesbaden Opera, having gained invaluable stage experience. He sang in more than 300 performances at Wiesbaden until 1922, when he joined the Berlin Staatsoper. International career
The following year <mask> visited the United States with a touring Wagnerian company. For nine seasons, between 1923 and 1932, he was on the roster of the Chicago Civic Opera. In 1927, at the Bayreuth Festival, he appeared as Gurnemanz in Wagner's Parsifal under Karl Muck and recorded the Good Friday Music under Siegfried Wagner.(A purported live performance recording in 1933 under Richard Strauss has been generally discounted.) He also appeared at the Salzburg Festival. <mask> was under contract with the Berlin Opera until 1935, when he was able to break his contract and flee Nazi Germany. He appeared for three seasons as a guest performer with the Vienna State Opera in 1936–1938. Just after the Anschluss he left Europe and settled permanently in the United States. By the time he was finally signed by the Metropolitan in 1940 he had appeared in most of the world's major opera houses. In addition to those European and American theatres already mentioned in this article, he was heard at the United Kingdom's foremost venue for singers, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, (in 1927 and 1929–1935), and also at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires (1926–1936).<mask> was regarded throughout the inter-war years as being one of the greatest basses in the world. He was praised for the beauty of his smooth and mellow voice and the excellence of his musicianship. As befitted his status, he was invited to appear with the top conductors of his day. They included Ernest Ansermet, John Barbirolli, Thomas Beecham, Leo Blech, Fritz Busch, Albert Coates, Karl Elmendorff, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Robert Heger, Herbert von Karajan, Josef Krips, Erich Kleiber, Otto Klemperer, Hans Knappertsbusch, Serge Koussevitzky, Erich Leinsdorf, Willem Mengelberg, Dimitri Mitropoulos, Pierre Monteux, Karl Muck, Arthur Nikisch, Eugene Ormandy, Hans Pfitzner, Fritz Reiner, Artur Rodziński, Hans Rosbaud, Hermann Scherchen, Richard Strauss, George Szell, Arturo Toscanini, Bruno Walter and Felix Weingartner. <mask> showed signs of vocal deterioration during the 1940s and he retired from the Met in 1946. He made his last concert appearance in 1951. Since his debut in 1915, he had sung at least 108 roles, often in more than one language, and his performances in opera and oratorio numbered more than 1600.He died in Westport, Connecticut in 1978, aged 87. Critical appreciation
Among <mask>'s most celebrated roles were the bass parts in operas by Mozart and Wagner, as well as the title role in Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov and the part of Rocco in Fidelio by Beethoven. In Germany he also was renowned as a Verdi singer. He was a distinguished interpreter of German lieder and Russian songs, too. During the 1920s and 1930s, <mask>'s chief bass rivals were the vibrant Italians Nazzareno De Angelis, Ezio Pinza and Tancredi Pasero in the Verdi repertoire, and the black-voiced Norwegian Ivar Andresen in the Wagner repertoire. His recordings of lieder by Brahms, Wolf and Schubert are highly prized today, as are his many impressive operatic recordings, especially those dating from the 1920s and 1930s. Family
In 1925 <mask> married Mildred Eleanor Levy, whose father, Heniot Levy, a noted pianist and composer, had emigrated from his native Poland to Chicago.Their son <mask> (1930–2002) was a celebrated harpsichordist. Following in similar creative footsteps, <mask>'s grandson, Jeremy R<mask> (born 1965), has become known as a photographer, record producer, film director, and recently creator of  The Kipnis Studio Standard – The 21st Century Ultimate Screening Room Design, an evolution of George Lucas's and Tom Holman's THX Motion Picture & Sound Standards. Recordings
CD reissues of his recorded work include:
 The Best of <mask> – arias and songs by Wagner, Mozart, Verdi, Gounod, Brahms, Meyerbeer, Wolf and Halevy in recordings selected by his son, <mask>, and issued by Pearl (Pavilion Records Ltd.), GEMM CD 9451. "<mask>, Mussorgsky, Boris Godunov" contains excerpts from Boris recorded in 1945 by RCA and a selection of Russian arias and songs. album 60522-2-RG
 Austrian Preiser Records issued several well-filled CD recitals devoted to <mask>. German TIM AG, Die Zauberflöte, 2 CD's. <mask> as Sarastro, Vienna Philharmonic (conducted by Toscanini) 1937 Order No.205179 EAN 4011222051790

References

Sources
 Shawe-Taylor, Desmond: <mask>, <mask> in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992)

External links

1891 births
1978 deaths
20th-century Russian male opera singers
20th-century American male opera singers
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Operatic basses
People from Zhytomyr
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Germany
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
Jews of the Russian Empire
Jewish opera singers

masks:
Alexander Kipnis
Kipnis
Aleksandr Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Igor Kipnis
Kipnis
. Kipnis
Alexander Kipnis
Igor Kipnis
Alexander Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Alexander


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1963/1964) is a British-Australian business executive who is the chief executive of Toll Global Express having held similar roles at Australia Post and Blackmores. She is also a board member of the Collingwood Football Club. She is also an inaugural chair of the board of the Australia-ASEAN Council. She was one of only 20 business leaders invited to the 2014 G20 Brisbane summit. She is also the first woman awarded the "CEO of the Year" by CEO Magazine. In 2015, <mask> was ranked in the top “100 Women of Influence” by the Australian Financial Review. Early life and education
<mask> grew up with her four siblings, in Cheshire, England.<mask>'s father was an entrepreneur and ran a construction company. From when she was young, her father insisted that she run “little businesses” to earn her pocket money. When Holgate was 15, she cleaned windows with a friend and had a van selling ice–creams. By the time Holgate turned 18 in 1982, she left Cheshire for London. In London, Holgate met Florence Knight, who financially supported her to pursue a business degree at the University of North London. Holgate has three post-graduate diplomas in management, marketing, and purchasing and supply. She gained her diploma in management in 1986 and completed her Master of Business Administration degree in 1991.Career

Early career
<mask> first worked as postie for the Christmas season when she was 18. After graduating from university, she worked for Allied Healthcare and BBC News. In 1988, she joined the telecommunication company Cable & Wireless and started her international career. During her 12 years at Cable & Wireless, <mask> directed the company’s marketing department, and conducted projects across Caribbean, Europe and Hong Kong. In 2000, <mask> joined J.P. Morgan as the "Managing Director of Marketing" of its European subsidiary. She was the only woman in J.P. Morgan's executive team in Europe during her incumbent period. <mask> worked for J.P. Morgan for 18 months before joining telecommunications company Energis in May 2001, as the Group Director of Strategy and Marketing.Her job was to lead the Energis strategy and planning teams in Europe, and monitor its marketing activities. In November 2002, <mask> received a job invitation from David Thodey, the group managing director of Telstra Mobiles, and became the marketing director. While she continued to lead its marketing team, <mask>'s role was expanded into building Telstra's business sales and managing the operations of its channels. Blackmores
In 2008, <mask> left Telstra to join health supplements company Blackmores as chief executive officer and managing director. Her sister's death from cancer spurred her to join the company. Within her first two months, <mask> identified that Blackmores operations in Malaysia, Thailand and Taiwan were neglected. In 2009, she appointed Peter Osborne to direct Blackmores business in Asia and minimise the entry barriers.Osborne had worked in Asia for more than 20 years before his appointment. From 2008 to April 2012, Holgate increased Blackmores' annual sales to $234 million. The company increased its profits from the Thai and Malaysian markets, and prepared to enter the Chinese market. The profits from the Asian market accounted for nearly 25% of Blackmores' profits. In 2011, Holgate was confronted by a crisis related to a deal between Blackmores and The Pharmacy Guild of Australia. Under the deal, pharmacists "would be prompted to promote" Blackmores health supplements to their patients during the prescription process. The proposal of Blackmores caused "national outrage" and the "strong level of public concern".<mask> was criticised for referring the deal as a "Coke and fries" option. She explained the phrase was quoted out of context, having said that the proposal "would add the "Coke and fries" to the prescribed medication, and provide pharmacies with a "new and important revenue stream". She conceded that linking medicine with junk food "was highly unfortunate". In 2014, <mask> was one of the only 20 business leaders invited to that year's 2014 G20 Brisbane summit. To help increase sales of Blackmores in the Chinese market, she was photographed with the president of China Xi Jinping and Australian prime minister Tony Abbott. At that time, Blackmores' Chinese sales were under $1million, while the required capital for labour and marketing was around $10 million. Her picture with the two leaders was widely circulated in China and helped attract local consumers.At the end of 2014-15, Blackmores sales in the Chinese market increased to $50 million and they reached $500 million in 2015-16. In September 2015, Blackmores joined the ASX200 index, comprising the top 200 most prominent companies in Australia, and <mask> was named the first female CEO of the Year in November. During <mask>’s nine years at Blackmores, its share price rose from $18 to $90 and peaked at $220 in 2016. <mask> had transformed Blackmores, a member of the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN), into the major health supplement exporter to Asia. Australia Post
<mask> resigned from Blackmores in 2017 to become CEO of Australia Post, the first woman in that role. Her appointment came as Australia Post began to position itself as the leading Australian e-commerce postal delivery service. Her job was to manage the modernisation of Australia Post’s logistics system and its 33,000 workforce.<mask> had no previous experience in managing logistics systems. Her appointment was partly based on her strategic ability to exploit the potentials in the Asian markets and enhance the business profitability. She also had direct experience as a Christmas postal worker while a student in North London. <mask> visited branches across Australia to meet postal employees and noticed the scepticism of the workforce. Before her arrival, Australia Post had divided its business into two product lines, the profitable transport and logistics operation StarTrack and the traditional postal service. After consulting staff, <mask> received agreement to unify the two businesses, which was done preserving traditional red livery and name Australia Post. In 2018, <mask> launched the "Everyone Matters" promotion, an advertising campaign supporting postal workers and post offices in regional areas.The net promoter score increased over 30 percent in six months. She also tackled the trust problems of employees and launched an "equal pay for equal work" campaign. She invested $300 million to upgrade parcel processing systems using automation and tracking devices. She restructured the Australia Post's executive team to align with her customer-oriented and Asian-focused strategies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> had to deal with a number of problems at Australia Post, including significant delays and cuts in service, allegations of the intrusive surveillance of staff, the planned payment of executive bonuses at a time when public servants were expected to take pay cuts, a bipartisan Senate committee accusing <mask> of attempting to avoid parliamentary scrutiny of Australia Post, and <mask>'s personal intervention in the attempted delivery of Pauline Hanson's One Nation-branded stubby holders to locked-down public housing towers in Melbourne after Hanson made inflammatory comments about tower residents. Further controversy arose when <mask> revealed at an appearance before a Senate committee on 22 October 2020 that Australia Post had purchased four Cartier watches valued approximately around $20,000 in total as gifts for senior management executives who secured a lucrative deal with three Australian banks. Communications minister Paul Fletcher announced an investigation into Australia Post and asked <mask> to step aside as CEO.During question time in the House of Representatives that day, Prime Minister Scott Morrison said that if <mask> wished not to stand aside then she could go. On 2 November 2020, she offered her resignation, stating that she would not seek financial compensation. A subsequent report by law firm Maddocks, commissioned by the government, found that no specific policy that would support provision of Cartier watches had been identified, and that there was no evidence of fraud or corruption. In May 2021, <mask> was appointed CEO of Toll Global Express. Awards and recognition

In 2011, <mask> won a Chief Executive Women scholarship and attended the Women's Leadership Forum at the Harvard Business School. In 2015, <mask> won the "Women in Leadership" award at the Australian Growth Company Awards. In October 2015, <mask> was named one of the "100 Women of Influence" in Australia by The Australian Financial Review.In November 2015, <mask> was awarded "Australian CEO of the Year" by The CEO Magazine, the first woman to win the award. In 2016, <mask> was runner-up in the Australian CEO of the Year award. In 2019, <mask> received the Sir Charles McGrath award from the Australian Marketing Institute. Family
In January 2016, <mask> married Michael Harding, the chairman of the Downer Group, in Aldeburgh, England. She has a close relationship with her nephews Brian and Eddie, the sons of <mask>'s late sister, Elizabeth, which was the reason for the wedding being held in England. References

Living people
Australian chief executives
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of North London
1960s births
English expatriates in Australia

masks:
Christine Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Christine Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate
Holgate


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 1957) is a Scottish DJ and music producer, in the genres of Northern soul, Deep funk, Garage punk, and Rockabilly music. He is credited with inventing the term "deep funk". Early life
Darge has described himself as "a bit of a thug" in his youth. In his late teens, he "picked a fight with the only English boy in the town" and the other teenager gave him a drubbing, using taekwondo moves. Surprised, Darge asked him how he had done it, then began taking taekwondo classes. He eventually became Scottish taekwondo champion. Darge began Northern soul dancing in his late teens and entered local disco dance competitions (dancing in the "northern soul style") in the North of Scotland.He made an appearance in the nationally televised 1979 UK disco dance finals. Along with his Scottish dancing, he also danced at the Wigan Casino. Darge began buying records for what would eventually become his ultimate passion and career for the rest of his life. Career
Soon after he began dancing, he was DJing in Wigan at a club next to the casino, and around Scotland as well with his record collection throughout the 1970s. At the age of 22, <mask> moved to London, ceasing to be a DJ. Music promoters from then approached him, asking him to come back to DJing. He obliged, and gave the Northern soul phenomenon exposure in London through his performances, bringing in people from northern England to London who were previously associated with Wigan's Northern soul scene before it dissolved.Meanwhile, he worked in various jobs, including butcher's boy, window cleaner and delivering leaflets. During the 1970s, his work in tracking down vintage funk and soul music led to friendships with American musicians including Isaac Hayes, Curtis Mayfield, Harold Melvin and George Clinton. In 1987, he sold many of his Northern soul records to pay for his divorce but he had left over in his loft many other records of what he then referred to as "junk music" that he had picked up in the United States on his many jaunts to find Northern soul records there and in the UK. This "junk music" would be the beginning of what Keb would later call "Deep Funk", having underestimated the potential of these leftover records. In 1989, during the heyday of acid house in the UK, Keb decided to play these funk records, and managed for a short while to get a night to perform regularly at "The Wagclub", a club specializing in acid jazz. After his night there ended around 1992–93, he met fellow funk record collector Mark Cotgrove, aka Snowboy, at Club Ormonds in London where the first funk-only night in the city was held, called 'Deep Funk'. The night was named by Keb (he would later go on to use the name to describe the sound of the funk records he would play), but arranged by the club owners.After this, <mask> and Snowboy wanted to further expand on the "deep funk" sound, and decided to start their own all-funk night in on old restaurant, but this failed to catch on after a few months due to the burgeoning popularity of house music in the UK at the time, forcing Keb and Snowboy to close up shop there. After this Snowboy left to focus on his jazz dance events. Shortly afterwards, Keb heard about Madame Jojo's, a strip club located in the Soho district of London. He managed to arrange with the club a night for himself and various guests to perform weekly. The club accommodated him and Keb's funk nights there became an instant success (and still are the leading club nights for funk in London today). Madame Jojo's closed down their strip nights, becoming a full-time music club, partly due to Keb's success there. Until early 2010, Keb held a funk night at the club every Friday, called "Legendary Deep Funk".He also tours around the world DJing and runs a record label, Kay-Dee, with Kenny Dope. He has released several albums of compiled classic deep funk tracks, most notably the Funk Spectrum: Real Funk For Real People and <mask> <mask>'s Deep Funk compilations released on BBE Records. <mask> <mask> is a leading authority on deep funk and soul music of the 1960s and 1970s. He has also helped to produce the modern-day funk group The New Mastersounds. In 1995, <mask> had a cameo part in the surf film, Blue Juice, starring Sean Pertwee and Catherine Zeta-Jones, where he can be seen dancing in the village hall. Personal life
Darge has been married four times. His middle two marriages ended in divorce with hefty settlements, and caused him to sell off much of his prized record collection.He is currently married to a woman from the Philippines, and decided to move to the Philippines in the early months of 2012. After Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines in 2013. Keb provided food and shelter to victims of the storm. He also criticized the stockpiling of food aid by corrupt local politicians on his Facebook page. He has a passion for militaria and is an avid collector of military miniatures. Discography

Compilation albums
 <mask> <mask>'s Legendary's Deep Funk vol. 1 - BBE (1997) CD/LP
 <mask> Darge's Legendary's Deep Funk vol.2 - BBE (1998) CD/LP
 Keb Darge's Legendary's Deep Funk vol. 3 - BBE (1999) CD/LP
 Soul Spectrum - with Bob Jones, BBE (1998) CD/LP
 Soul Spectrum II - BBE (1999) CD/LP
 Jazz Spectrum: Real Jazz For Real People - with Bob Jones, BBE (1999) CD/LP
 Funk Spectrum: Real Funk For Real People - with Josh Davis, BBE (1999) CD/LP
 Funk Spectrum II: Real Funk For Real People - with Kenny Dope, BBE (2000) CD/LP
 Funk Spectrum III: Real Funk For Real People - with Pete Rock, BBE (2001) CD/LP
 Keb Darge Presents Funk For The 21st Century - Do Right! Music (2002) CD
 Beams Presents The Keb Darge Experience - Beams (1999) CD/LP
 Beams Presents Keb Darge Deep Funk - Beams (2002) CD
 Keb Darge Digs For... P&P Records - P&P Records (2007) CD
 The Kings Of Funk - with RZA, BBE (2007) CD/LP
 Keb Darge and Cut Chemist present Lost And Found - BBE (2007) CD/LP (LP released in 2013)
 Keb Darge and Cut Chemist present The Darkside - BBE (2017) CD/LP
 Kenny Dope & Keb Darge present Kay-Dee Records - Kay-Dee (2006) CD
 Kenny Dope & Keb Darge present Kay-Dee Volume 2 - Kay-Dee (2008) CD
 This Is Dj's Choice Vol.

masks:
Keb Darge
Darge
Keb
Keb
Darge
Keb
Darge
Keb
Keb
Darge
Keb


text_chunks:
<mask> (born September 27, 2004) is an Anishinaabe Indigenous rights advocate from the Wiikwemkoong First Nation on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada. She was named Chief Water commissioner for the Aniishnabek Nation in 2019. In 2018, at the age of thirteen, <mask> addressed world leaders at the UN General Assembly on the issue of water protection. Early life
<mask> lives on Lake Huron, one of the largest groups of freshwater lakes on Earth. She comes from the territory of Wikwemkoong, a First Nations reserve. She attended St. Mother Teresa High School and currently lives in Ottawa.<mask> grew up understanding the importance of water and the need to protect it. She advocates for the universal right to clean drinking water, raising awareness towards water rights and ensuring communities have access to clean, safe and reliable drinking water. By the age of eight, <mask> was attending water ceremonies on First Nation reserves. At one particular ceremony in Serpent River First Nation in Ontario, she witnessed warning signs of “toxic” drinking water, caused by factors such as pipeline leaks and pollution. When her mother informed her of the 20-year boil-water advisory in the community, <mask> was shocked. This experience served as a catalyst for <mask>’s work as a water protector, as she soon began partaking in water ceremonies across Ontario. She continues her work for the access of clean water concerning indigenous peoples across the world.Much of her inspiration and early knowledge comes from her great-aunt, Josephine Mandamin,  a well-known activist for clean water and the previous Chief Water Protector for the Aniishnabek Nation, a title awarded to <mask> after Mandamin's death in 2019. Positions on water conservation
<mask>’s views on conservation justice are in line with traditional Indigenous perspectives and can be characterized as relational, which entails a kinship as well as an interdependent human relationship with nature and all its beings. She says that:

<mask> is also a strong believer in the role of women in water advocacy, explaining that the first two teachings all humans experience when in the womb are to love the water and to love one’s mother. Thus, according to <mask>, women are truly connected to water in a spiritual way, as the nine months of carrying a baby is believed to be a ceremony. Peltier also believes strongly in the power of young people to create change. She supports the advocacy of other youth to collectively effect change, as youth will make future decisions for their countries. She expresses frustration at how young people must “[pay] for the mistakes that older people made”.Despite this frustration, she describes feeling good about her own work and other young people stepping up to take action. One major facet of <mask>’s work is her environmental justice activism. She has discussed the challenge of environmental racism against First Nations communities in Canada in the context of water rights. <mask> has argued that the demands of Indigenous peoples in Canada are consistently ignored and minimized by virtue of their indigeneity. <mask> has drawn attention to disparities in treatment of Indigenous people in Canada relative to non-indigenous Canadians, comparing the experience of First Nations citizens (who often face police brutality, political repression, and racism), with that of white Canadians living in remote communities, who are never denied access to water. Water advocacy and impact
Peltier gained national and international notice at a 2016 meeting of the Assembly of First Nations when she presented Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau with a copper water pot and, although she did not have time to deliver her prepared speech, confronted Trudeau on his record on water protection and his support for pipelines. She said:

Upon reflecting on the confrontation with Prime Minister Trudeau in a 2020 interview, Peltier recalled how she questioned how the public could trust Prime Minister Trudeau considering his lacklustre environmental record, highlighting the hypocrisy of Trudeau’s authorization of the construction of the Kinder-Morgan pipeline (which was preceded by a significant oil spill in British Columbia).Her act inspired the Assembly of First Nations to create the Niabi Odacidae fund. <mask> further gained attention when she spoke at The Global Landscapes Forum in New York City in September 2018, where she addressed the United Nations and important decision-makers. This conference also allowed <mask> to further spread awareness for her cause globally. <mask> was also invited to speak at the United Nation Secretary-General's Climate Action Summit in New York, in 2018 and 2019. <mask> is active on various social media platforms, where she has over 100 thousand followers, using them to spread awareness of water advocacy issues, receiving support from youth, politicians, and other activists. She has brought attention to the absence of clean drinking water in Indigenous communities in Canada. In April 2019, <mask> was named the chief water commissioner by the Anishinabek Nation.This position was previously held by her great-aunt, Josephine Mandamin, who died in 2019. At the time of her selection, current Anishinabek Nation Ground Council Chief Glen Hare explained how it was quite a simple decision to make: “Autumn has extensive nibi giikendaaswin (water knowledge). She has been bringing global attention to the water issues in our country for a few years now.”  In her role as Chief Water Commissioner, <mask> represents 39 First Nations in Ontario and is responsible for relaying community concerns to the Anishinabek Council. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> spoke up about the increased importance of clean water access as a public health issue for First Nations communities, where outbreaks have been particularly severe. <mask> believes that the response to the COVID-19 pandemic globally has paved a way for a response to the issue of the drinking water crisis for First Nations in Canada and is hopeful that change is possible. Awards and recognition

 Nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize, 2017, 2018, 2019. Canadian Living Me to We Award Youth in Action under 12, 2017.Ontario Junior Citizens Award, Ontario Newspaper Association, 2017. Sovereign Medal of Exceptional Volunteerism, by Governor General of Canada and Lieutenant Governor Of Ontario, March 2017
 Ottawa Riverkeeper Award, 2018. Water Warrior Award at the Water Docs Film Festival in Toronto, 2019. Young Leader Award, Ontario Municipal Social Services Association Award, 2019. Named Top 30 under 30 in North America for Environmental Education making a difference, 2019. Named to the BBC 100 Women list for 2019. Named to Maclean's list of 20 to Watch in 2020.Named to Huffington Post's list of 15 Canadian Icons Who Stole our Hearts in 2019. Named to the Union of Concerned Scientists list of 2019 Science Defenders. Named as a Chatelaine 2019 Woman of the Year. "Planet in Focus" Rob Stewart Youth Eco-Hero, 2019. Feature in Short Documentary Film The Water Walker, 2020
 RevolutionHer Community Vision Youth Award, 2021

References

Living people
2004 births
Anishinaabe people
Canadian child activists
Canadian women environmentalists
Canadian environmentalists
First Nations activists
First Nations women
People from Manitoulin Island
BBC 100 Women
Youth climate activists

masks:
Autumn Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier
Peltier


text_chunks:
<mask> (born September 29, 1963) is an American actor and singer. Jue is known for his performances on Broadway, in national tours, Off-Broadway and in regional theatre, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area and at The Muny in St. Louis. His roles in plays and musicals range from Shakespeare to Rodgers and Hammerstein to David Henry Hwang. He is also known for his recurring role on the TV series Madam Secretary (2014–2019). Jue's Broadway credits include Pacific Overtures (1984; 2004), M. Butterfly (1989) and Thoroughly Modern Millie (2002), in which he created the role of Bun Foo. Among his acting awards are an Obie Award and a Lortel Award, for his role in Yellow Face at the Public Theater (2008), a Dramalogue Award in Kiss of the Spider Woman at TheateWorks (1997), an Elliot Norton Award in Miss Saigon at North Shore Music Theatre (2013), another Obie Award for Wild Goose Dreams at the Public (2018) and a second Lortel Award in Cambodian Rock Band at the Signature Theatre (2020). He has been nominated for three Drama Desk Awards (one in 2008 and two in 2020).He has also appeared in film and in other television roles. Life and career
Jue was born in San Francisco, California, the sixth of nine children of Chinese Americans Frank (an engineer for the U.S. Navy) and Jennie Jue. He grew up in the Richmond District of San Francisco and attended St. Ignatius College Preparatory high school, taking part in the school's drama program. He received his B.A. degree at Yale University. NY Theatre
Jue first appeared in New York in 1984 in a production of Pacific Overtures as the boy in the tree and the Dutch Admiral. He appeared in a California production of the same musical in 1988, and later, he appeared in the show on Broadway as the Dutch Admiral and Madam (2004–05).He also appeared on Broadway in the original Broadway production of M. Butterfly, where he understudied the title character, Song Liling, and Comrade Chin (1989–90), also acting as understudy for these characters in the first national tour (1990–91); he then starred as Song Liling in the second national tour (1991–92). In the original Broadway production of Thoroughly Modern Millie, he created the role of Bun Foo (2002–04). Jue's Off-Broadway credits include Dr. Mendel in the 2006 National Asian American Theater Festival's revival of William Finn's Falsettoland; numerous roles with the New York Shakespeare Festival in Hamlet, King Lear, The Tragedy of Richard II, Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Timon of Athens and The Winter's Tale; Dream True: My Life with Vernon Dixon (Vineyard Theatre); Oscar in Chay Yew's A Language of Their Own (2005); the father in Kevin So's musical, Victor Woo: The Average Asian American; and Vice-Principal Huang in No Foreigners Beyond This Point, by Warren Leight (2005). He won the 2008 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Featured Actor and a 2008 Obie Award for his performance in David Henry Hwang's Yellow Face at the Public Theater. He was also nominated for a 2008 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play. Of this role, writer Lia Chang observed: "Jue distinguishes himself as Hwang's father, Henry Y. Hwang. ... Jue's moving and heartfelt portrayal ... has been earning [him] rave reviews."<mask> has said, "For me, Hwang's work has been a seminal part of being Asian-American in this culture. It's about feeling alienated in your own country." In 2009, after recovering from a back injury sustained in a 15-foot fall during rehearsals for a production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, Jue appeared in Coraline with MCC Theater at the Lucille Lortel Theatre in the role of Father. He returned to the Public Theater in 2011 as Sir Nathaniel in Love's Labor's Lost. In early 2014, <mask> played the title character's father off-Broadway in Signature Theatre Company's premiere of Hwang's Kung Fu. He appeared in The World of Extreme Happiness, a play by Frances Ya-Chu Cowhig, that premiered at Goodman Theatre in Chicago in September and October 2014 and reopened at Manhattan Theatre Club in New York City in February and March 2015. In between these two runs, with York Theatre Company in December 2014, he appeared in My Favorite Year.From October to December 2018, Jue appeared in Wild Goose Dreams, a new play by Hansol Jung, at the Public Theater, receiving another Obie Award for his performance. In 2019, <mask> reprised his role in Soft Power at the Public Theater beginning in September 2019. In 2020, he played Duik in Lauren Yee's Cambodian Rock Band at Signature Theatre. Jue was nominated for 2020 Drama Desk Awards and Lucille Lortel Awards for both roles; he won the Lortel Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play for the latter role. He was also nominated for the
Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical for his role in Soft Power, and the show's cast album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album. Other theatre
Jue has also appeared widely in regional theatre as Jeffrey in A Song for a Nisei Fisherman at Asian American Theatre Company (1988); the title character in M Butterfly at Hippodrome Theatre (1992), TheatreWorks in California (1992, 2007), Arizona Theatre Company (1993) and Vineyard Playhouse (1994); the MC in Cabaret at Cider Mill Playhouse (1993) and TheatreWorks (1996, Bay Area Critics Circle Award), Sacramento Music Theatre (1998); Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream at Arizona Theatre Company (1995); Amanuensis and Geronte in The Illusion at Arizona Theatre Company (1997, winning a ZONI award); Molina in Kiss of the Spider Woman at TheateWorks (1997, Dramalogue Award); Thomas in A Question of Mercy at Magic Theatre (1998); Mike, Ronald and Skunk in As Bees in Honey Drown and the title character in Amadeus, both at TheatreWorks (1999); The Parsi Man in Just So at North Shore Music Theatre (2001); Skeets Miller in Floyd Collins at TheatreWorks (2001); Hua in Red at Wilma Theatre (2003) and TheatreWorks (2004; "Jue ... is utterly convincing. He is self-righteous, stern and yet completely sympathetic."); the narrator in Into the Woods, which he also choreographed, at TheatreWorks (2006, Bay Area Critics Circle Award; "Jue ... shows his amazing physical acting talent. ... He has a true theatrical voice when doing the splendid narration of the story. "); the King in The King and I at American Music Theatre of San Jose (2006) and Carousel Dinner Theatre (2008); and Mr. Oji in Philip Kan Gotanda's After the War at American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco (2007). At The Muny in St. Louis, he starred in the title roles of The King and I (2006) and Peter Pan in 2007 and as The Engineer in Miss Saigon in 2008. In 2009, he reprised his role in Yellow Face at Theatreworks. In 2010, Jue played Smokey in Damn Yankees at The Muny.That fall, he starred as Dr. Givings in The Actors Theatre production of In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play) in Phoenix, Arizona (for which he won a ZONI award). In 2011, he was back at The Muny as Sebastian in The Little Mermaid. CBS St. Louis wrote: "The consummate acting, dancing and singing skills of <mask> as Sebastian are a joy to experience." In early 2012, he appeared in The Winter's Tale at Yale Repertory Theatre and returned to The Muny that summer in Thoroughly Modern Millie (this time as Ching Ho) and Kassim in Aladdin. Later in the year, Jue created two roles in You for Me for You, a new play by Mia Chung, debuted at the Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company. Jue appeared as Salvatore "Sally" Camatoy in a stage adaptation of Paper Dolls, by Philip Himberg, at the Tricycle Theatre in London from 28 February 2013 to 13 April 2013. The Daily Telegraph wrote: "Jue gives a haunting performance as Sally".The Times commented, "At [the musical's] heart is the relationship (which repeatedly made me cry) between Chaim ... and the wonderful <mask> as Salvatore – 'Sally'." In June, he appeared at the New Haven International Arts Festival in the musical Stuck Elevator, with music by Byron Au Yong and a libretto by Aaron Jafferis, directed by Chay Yew about a delivery man trapped in a Bronx elevator for 81 hours. In November, Jue returned to North Shore and to the role of the Engineer in Miss Saigon. A review in The Boston Globe commented: "Jue delivers an indelible portrait of a Mephistophelean hustler who doesn’t so much walk as slither, a cannily corrupt survivor adept at switching allegiances. ... Jue excels in one of the show’s best numbers, "The American Dream". Jue won an Elliot Norton Award for his performance and was nominated for an IRNE Award. In October 2015, Jue created several roles, including the father, in a new comic play, Tiger Style!by Mike Lew at Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia. "Jue steals the show as he rapidly modulates between characters, performing with charisma and humor". In early 2016, Jue played sushi master chef Koji in Tokyo Fish Story by Kimber Lee at Theatreworks. Later in the year, he reprised his roles in Tiger Style! in Boston. The following year, he played Larry Yee in "King of the Yees", by Lauren Yee, in Chicago and Los Angeles. A reviewer for Chicago Sun-Times wrote: "You will, without any question, fall madly in love with Larry Yee, or more precisely, with <mask>e, the wiry, wide-eyed, shrewdly comic, comically un-hip and altogether remarkable actor who plays him with such effortless guile."Jue repeated the role in 2019 at the San Francisco Playhouse. A reviewer for The San Diego Union-Tribune commented that in Wild Goose Dreams at La Jolla Playhouse in September and October 2017, "Jue portrays the father with a winning, playfully comic touch". Jue starred in David Henry Hwang and Jeanine Tesori's new "play with a musical", Soft Power, which opened at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles in May 2018 and moved to San Francisco's Curran Theatre in June. In mid-2019, Jue played Resten in The Language Archive at TheatreWorks Silicon Valley. Television, film and radio
Jue's television credits include Dorian on Talk to Me (2000, ABC), voice of James in Nikki (2000, Cartoon Network), Dr. Yamagatchi on One Life to Live, Dr. Fong and later Judge Ong on Law and Order: SVU (2004–06; 2013, NBC), Dr. Tom Li on The Good Wife (2009–10, CBS) and Dr. Halberton on Law & Order (2010, NBC). From 2014 to 2019, he played the recurring role of Chinese Foreign Minister Ming Chen on the CBS TV series Madam Secretary. In 2020, Jue appeared as the recurring character Fred on season 1 of the Starz series Hightown.On film, Jue appeared in the 1999 comedy short, Puppet, Love & Mertz, as Mertz; and he made his feature film debut as Ang Hsu in Joyful Noise'', in 2012, starring Dolly Parton and Queen Latifah. He played Chris in the 2019 short suspense-thriller Rendezvous. In 2021, Jue starred in San Francisco Mime Troupe's radio serial "Tales of the Resistance, Volume 2: Persistence", Episode 2. Notes

References
 2004 profile of Jue
 Photo and profile of Jue
 Information from a 1996 interview of Jue

External links

 Photos from M. Butterfly

American male musical theatre actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American male actors of Chinese descent
1963 births
Living people

masks:
Francis Jue
Jue
Jue
Jue
Francis Jue
Francis Jue
Francis Ju