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<mask> “<mask><mask> (born 27 April 1989) is a retired English internationally elite badminton player. <mask> is currently sponsored by Yonex and YC Sports and plays for the University of Nottingham-based NBL team. He entered the National team in 2006, and later won the boys' doubles and mixed team titles at the 2007 European Junior Championships. He was a World Championships medalists winning a silver in 2011 with Imogen Bankier and a bronze in 2017 with <mask>. Together with Gabby, he also won a silver medal at the 2007 World Junior Championships, and then claimed the gold medals at the Commonwealth Games in 2014 and 2018; and at the European Championships in 2017 and 2018. <mask> also representing Great Britain competed at the 2012, 2016 Olympic Games and at the 2019 European Games. In the European Games, he and Gabby won the mixed doubles silver medal.Career
At the 2008 Thomas Cup <mask> made his debut at a major senior international tournament where he played one match in the group stage. He would continue to represent England at the 2009 Sudirman Cup where the team played sixth. His world championships debut came at the 2010 BWF World Championships where he entered Mixed doubles with Gabrielle White, but lost in the first round. He later switched Mixed Doubles partners to compete with Scottish player Imogen Bankier. They had a Cinderella run at the 2011 London Worlds where they defeated three seeded pairs before losing in the final. <mask> also competes in Men's Doubles, currently pairing with fellow Englishmen Andrew Ellis. Although they qualified for the Olympics, they had a disappointing performance and lost in the first round.In October 2012, the pair announced their decision to split, with Bankier stating her intention to return to Badminton Scotland and form a Scottish partnership. Subsequently, <mask> reignited his mixed doubles partnership with White, whom he later married. They later won the BWF Super Series Masters Finals in 2015, and become the first British players to do so. <mask> competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games, winning gold in the mixed doubles alongside his wife. In 2015, he became the champion at the Dubai World Superseries Finals in mixed doubles event. In 2016, he competed at the Summer Olympics in the mixed doubles event, but did not advance to the knockout stage. In October 2016, the <mask>s were the semifinalist at the Denmark Open, but they lost to home duo Joachim Fischer Nielsen and <mask> Pedersen in the straight games.The Adcocks then reaching the final at the Grand Prix Gold tournament at the 2016 Bitburger Open, defeated by the Chinese pair Zheng Siwei and Chen Qingchen with the score 16–21, 21–23. At the end of 2016 BWF Season, the Adcocks were qualified to compete at the Dubai World Superseries Finals. They advanced to the final round after placed second in the group stage, won a semifinal match against Praveen Jordan and Debby Susanto of Indonesia in three games, but they lost again to Chinese paired Zheng and Cheng. In 2017, the Adcocks won the gold medal at the European Championships in Denmark defeating Joachim Fischer Nielsen and <mask> Pedersen in the final. They also clinched the bronze medal at the BWF World Championships in Glasgow. In 2018, he competed at the Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, and defend the mixed doubles gold with his wife, also claimed the mixed team bronze. In 2019, he qualified to represent Great Britain at the 2019 European Games, played in the mixed doubles with his wife.Competed as the top seeds the duo advance to the final stage, they were defeated by their compatriot Marcus Ellis and Lauren Smith in straight games 14–21, 9–21, and settle for a silver medal. Achievements

BWF World Championships
Mixed doubles

Commonwealth Games
Mixed doubles

European Games
Mixed doubles

European Championships
Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

BWF World Junior Championships
Mixed doubles

European Junior Championships
Boys' doubles

BWF World Tour (3 runners-up)
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tours are divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100. Mixed doubles

BWF Superseries (2 titles, 2 runners-up)
The BWF Superseries, which was launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). BWF Superseries levels are Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries consists of twelve tournaments around the world that have been introduced since 2011. Successful players are invited to the Superseries Finals, which are held at the end of each year.Mixed doubles

  BWF Superseries Finals tournament
  BWF Superseries Premier tournament
  BWF Superseries tournament

BWF Grand Prix (1 title, 4 runners-up)
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) which was held from 2007 to 2017. Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

  BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
  BWF Grand Prix tournament

BWF International Challenge/Series (5 titles, 2 runners-up)
Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

  BWF International Challenge tournament
  BWF International Series tournament

Record against selected opponents
Mixed doubles results with Imogen Bankier against Super Series finalists, Worlds Semi-finalists, and Olympic quarterfinalists. Tao Jiaming & Tian Qing 1–0
  Xu Chen & Ma Jin 0–3
  Zhang Nan & Zhao Yunlei 2–5
  Chen Hung-ling & Cheng Wen-hsing 1–0
  Thomas Laybourn & Kamilla Rytter Juhl 0–1
  Michael Fuchs & Birgit Michels 0–1
  Tantowi Ahmad & Lilyana Natsir 1–3
  Shintaro Ikeda & Reiko Shiota 2–0
  Robert Mateusiak & Nadiezda Zieba 0–1
  Aleksandr Nikolaenko & Valeria Sorokina 0–1
 / Robert Blair & Gabrielle White 1–1
  Songphon Anugritayawon & Kunchala Voravichitchaikul 1–1
  Sudket Prapakamol & Saralee Thoungthongkam 0–3

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Leicester
English male badminton players
Badminton players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players of Great Britain
Badminton players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Badminton players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Badminton players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in badminton
Badminton players at the 2019 European Games
European Games silver medalists for Great Britain
European Games medalists in badminton

masks:
Christopher Thomas
Chris
” Adcock
Adcock
Gabby Adcock
Chris Adcock
Chris Adcock
Chris Adcock
Adcock
Adcock
Adcock
Christinna
Christinna


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<mask> (born May 22, 1979) is an American R&B singer-songwriter and pianist. Early life
<mask> was born May 22, 1979 in the East Oak Lane neighborhood of Philadelphia, and took an interest in singing, playing the piano, and songwriting at a very young age. At the age of thirteen, she became a member of a female quintet called Younique. She is a graduate of what is now Parkway Northwest High School for Peace and Social Justice. <mask> has credit for writing "Dear God" by Boyz II Men, from their 1997 album Evolution. <mask> received her big break at the age of nineteen when she became a backup singer for Jill Scott, who took her on an international tour. She signed to Columbia Records in late 2000.Career

2001–2003: A Love Story
In 2002, <mask> released her debut album, A Love Story, which featured the number-one single "Emotional Rollercoaster". In the meantime, <mask> made a cameo appearance in the Cole Porter biopic De-Lovely singing a cover version of Porter's 1930 song "Love for Sale", which made the film's soundtrack album. She also played Brenda Holloway in an episode of the first season of NBC's drama series American Dreams, entitled "The Carpetbaggers" (originally aired on April 6, 2003), performing a rendition of Holloway's 1964 hit "Every Little Bit Hurts". 2004–2006: <mask>
In 2005, she appeared on Cyndi Lauper's The Body Acoustic album on the tracks "I'll Be Your River" and "Sisters of Avalon". During the spring of 2005, three years after the release of her debut album, <mask> released her second studio album Vivian. It featured the lead single "Gotta Go Gotta Leave (Tired)", which peaked at No. 24 on the R&B chart and No.1 on the dance charts The song also charted No. 1 on the Hot Adult Airplay. The track known as "I Like It (But I Don't Need It)" followed up as the album's second single. The song followed up the previous single's success by also reaching #1 on the dance charts. 2007–2011: Beautiful
In 2007, <mask> appeared on Guru's album Jazzmatazz, Vol. 4: The Hip-Hop Jazz Messenger: Back to the Future on the track "Fine and Free". While performing at a gig in support of her second album, <mask> announced that she is currently recording her third full-length album on Koch Records.In April 2009, she signed a 3-album deal with E1 Music with the first album under the deal set to be released in Summer 2009. Her third album titled Beautiful was released April 6, 2010. The songs explore the ins and outs of love from a variety of perspectives, from the youthful romanticism of "Somewhere" to the playful insight of "So Good" and "Better Man" to the hard-won intensity of "Masterpiece" and "Beautiful." In contrast to her first two albums, which were recorded in a variety of studios with multiple producers, <mask> approached the recording of Beautiful in a more intimate, organic manner. With the exception of "Save Me," which she cut with Jason Farmer (Keyshia Cole, Wyclef Jean, Rihanna) in the producer's seat, <mask> recorded the entire album with Grammy-nominated producer Anthony Bell, a longtime friend and collaborator who made key production contributions to her first two albums, and whose extensive resume also includes work with Jazmine Sullivan, Jewel, Musiq, Raheem DeVaughn and Jill Scott. In 2011, she collaborated with Phoe Notes for a winter single titled "Missing You". It was released digitally on December 9.Phoe Notes and <mask> shot a video for the track on December 16. Additionally, she recorded the track "Keep On Going" for the Good Times – London and "Let It Burn" for the Birds Eye Riddim compilations. 2012–2013: The Green Room
In 2012, her single, "Oh Freedom" for the Soundtrack for a Revolution was released on January 3, 2012. Later in the year, she did a couple of collaborations which included "Love" (w/Zion) for the album Legacy, "La La Means I Love You" (w/Bob Baldwin) for the album Betcha By Golly Wow: The Songs Of Thom Bell, and "Still Here" (w/Brian Culbertson) for the album Dreams. On August 7, 2012, <mask> released "Anything Out There" the lead single from her fourth album The Green Room. The album was released on October 9, 2012. In 2013, she undertook a few festivals and concerts in addition to TV appearances on BET and Centric's music series.2014–2016:  Vivid
In 2014, <mask> became the first artist signed to rapper/producer Kwamé's record label, Make Noise Recordings. Vivid, her fifth studio album was distributed via Caroline Records. On April 7, 2015, the first single released from the album was "Get Right Back to My Baby". The song went to No. 2 on Billboard's UAC chart. In 2015, <mask> was nominated for a Soul Train Award. In 2016, she released "Grown Folks Music (Work)", which went to the top 15 on Billboard's UAC chart.2017–2019: VGVI
On July 7, 2017, <mask> released the first single off her sixth album VGVI, titled "I Don't Know". The song became a top-10 hit on Billboard's Adult R&B chart. VGVI was released on October 6, 2017. 2020–Present: Love Absolute
In October 2019, <mask> and Kwamé signed with the SoNo Recording Group through Kwamé's record label, Make Noise Recordings. Her seventh studio album, Love Absolute, was released on November 13, 2020. Personal life
Between her first and second albums, she took a three-year hiatus. In 2004, she gave birth to her son Jordan.<mask> became an advocate for special needs children, publicly speaking about her experiences. Discography

Studio albums
 A Love Story (2002)
 Vivian (2005)
 Beautiful (2010)
 The Green Room (2012)
 Vivid (2015)
 VGVI (2017)
 Love Absolute (2020)

Award history
BET Awards
2003: Best R&B Female Artist (nominated)

Lady of the Soul Train Awards
2003: Best Solo R&B/Soul Single "Emotional Rollercoaster" (nominated)
2003: Best Solo R&B/Soul Album of the Year A Love Story (nominated)
2003: Best Solo R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist: <mask> (nominated)

Soul Train Awards
2015: Centric Certified Award (nominated)

References

External links
Official website

African-American women singer-songwriters
African-American pianists
American women pianists
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
Columbia Records artists
Living people
American neo soul singers
Musicians from Philadelphia
Rhythm and blues pianists
1979 births
Singer-songwriters from Pennsylvania
American contemporary R&B singers
Ballad musicians
21st-century American pianists
21st-century African-American women singers

masks:
Vivian Sakiyyah Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Vivian
Green
Green
Green
Vivian
Vivian
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Vivian Green


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Ramon "<mask><mask> is a classical and jazz performer, music educator, composer, arranger and author. Ricker was professor of saxophone, director of the Institute for Music Leadership and senior associate dean for professional studies at the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester until his retirement in 2013. He is currently professor emeritus of saxophone at the school's Institute for Music Leadership. In addition to a career as a performing artist and studio teacher, he served as director of the Catherine Filene Shouse Arts Leadership Program, was editor-in-chief of Polyphonic.org, and affiliate faculty in jazz studies and contemporary media. As a senior administrator at Eastman, Ricker helped found Eastman’s Institute for Music Leadership. Its arts leadership curriculum offers courses in entrepreneurship, careers, leadership, performance, contemporary orchestral issues and musician’s injury prevention and rehabilitation; and its Center for Music Innovation. In September 2013, the Eastman School of Music honored Ricker as the first faculty member to receive the Dean’s Medal in recognition of extraordinary leadership, dedication, service and philanthropy.Career
Ricker first began his musical studies on the clarinet. At age 16, while continuing to study the clarinet, his interest in jazz led him to begin taking saxophone lessons. Throughout his professional career he has continued to perform on both instruments and is often a featured saxophone and clarinet soloist and chamber musician in venues throughout Europe and North America. He received a bachelor of music education degree in clarinet from the University of Denver (BME 1965), a master of music degree in woodwind performance from Michigan State University (MM 1967), and a doctor of musical arts degree in music education and clarinet from the Eastman School (DMA 1973). He began his tenure as a full-time Eastman faculty member in 1972 and later became the first titled saxophone professor at the school. For nine years he served as the chair of the Department of Winds, Brass and Percussion (1989-1998). His association with the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra began as a clarinet soloist in 1972 and in 1973 he won a position in the RPO as a member of the clarinet section.He continues to play in the orchestra today. From 1996-2005 he has served on its board of directors. For eight summers (1993-2000) he was music adviser to the Schlossfestspiele in Heidelberg, Germany, where he directed the participation of the Eastman School Philharmonia in its five-week residency at the German music festival. His most recent book, Lessons From a Street-Wise Professor: What You Won’t Learn at Most Music Schools (Second Edition 2019, Soundown Music)  was an award finalist in the Business: Entrepreneurship and Small Business category of USA Book News' Best Books 2011 Awards. Ricker's doctor of musical arts (DMA) dissertation was "A Survey of Published Jazz-Oriented Clarinet Study Materials: 1920-1970". Among the jazz and popular music artists enlisting Ricker as a session and stage performer were Buddy Rich, Chuck Mangione, the Moody Blues, Warren Haynes, and the Jerry Garcia Symphonic Celebration. Notable musicians who studied under Ricker include Chien-Kwan Lin, Bob Sheppard, Ben Wendel, Walt Weiskopf, Charles Pillow, and Andrew Sterman.2, "Heaven to Clear When Day Did Close"
 "Jazz Sonata", Eastman American Music Series Vol. 8
 "Sound Down", Joe Farrell and <mask>, Eastman Jazz Ensemble Live
 "Viper Cipher", Saxology featuring Jerry Bergonzi

Record production
 My First Concert: Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra (1984)
 Saxology featuring Jerry Bergonzi (1996)
 Saxology featuring Bob Mintzer (1996)
 "Jazz Sonata", Eastman American Music Series Vol. 8 (1999)

Compositions for television and commissioned works
 Arrangements and orchestrations for The Late, Great Me (ABC made-for-television movie)
 Arrangements and orchestrations for Yesteryear, Dick Cavett (HBO)
 "Saints Go Marching In" for the Cincinnati Symphony's Tale of Two Cities (with J. Tyzik) for Doc Severinsen and symphony orchestra (1983)

Contracting and performing of television commercials and program themes
 NBC Sports, including themes for the 1988 Olympics
 "ABC Sunday Night Movie Theme", ABC Theater
 Cinemax and HBO's Main Movie intro and themes, HBO Championship Boxing, tennis baseball, and football
 Sports Illustrated Awards
 A&E Network main theme

Personal life
<mask> lives in Fairport, New York, with his wife, Judith, and their two Rhodesian Ridgebacks. References

External links

 University of Rochester, Eastman School of Music: Center for Music Innovation and Engagement

1943 births
Living people
American jazz clarinetists
American jazz composers
University of Denver alumni
Michigan State University alumni
Eastman School of Music faculty
21st-century clarinetists
American male jazz composers
21st-century American male musicians

masks:
Ray
" Ricker
Ramon Ricker
Ricker


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<mask> is an American professional speaker, writer, veteran, and former mountaineer. He is a co-founder and former executive director of the non-profit Central Asia Institute and the founder of the educational charity Pennies for Peace. <mask> is the co-author of The New York Times Bestseller, Three Cups of Tea and Stones into Schools: Promoting Peace with Books, Not Bombs, in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Mortenson was accused of financial irregularities in handling donations to the CAI and falsehoods in his books. In 2012, Mortenson repaid $1 million to the CAI after an inquiry by the Montana Attorney General. Early life
<mask> was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota.His parents, Irvin and Jerene, went with the Lutheran Church to Tanganyika (now Tanzania) in 1958 to be teachers at a girls' school in the Usambara mountains. In 1961, Irvin became a fundraiser and development director for the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, the first teaching hospital in Tanzania. Jerene was the founding principal of International School Moshi. Spending his early childhood and adolescence in Tanzania, Mortenson learned to speak fluent Swahili. In the early 1970s, when he was 15 years old, <mask> and his family left Tanzania and moved back to Minnesota. He attended Ramsey High School in Roseville, Minnesota, from 1973–75, where he graduated. After high school, <mask> served in the U.S. Army in Germany from 1975–77 and was awarded the Army Commendation Medal.Following his discharge, he attended Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota, from 1977-79 on an athletic (football) scholarship. In 1978, Concordia College's football team won the NAIA Division III national championship with a 7-0 win over Findlay, Ohio. Mortenson graduated from the University of South Dakota in 1983 with a bachelor's degree in liberal studies and an associate degree in nursing. Humanitarian work and career

Origins in K2

Mortenson describes the origins of his humanitarian work in his best-selling book, Three Cups of Tea. He states he traveled to northern Pakistan in 1993 to climb the world's second-highest mountain, K2, as a memorial to his sister, Christa. After more than 70 days on the mountain located in the Karakoram range, Mortenson failed to reach the summit. Earlier, <mask> and fellow climber, Scott Darsney, were also involved in a 75-hour life-saving rescue of another climber, Etienne Fine, which put them in a weakened state.After the rescue, he descended the mountain and set out with a local Balti porter, Mouzafer Ali, to the nearest city. According to the account in Three Cups of Tea, <mask> stated he took a wrong turn on the trail and ended up in the small village of Korphe. Physically exhausted, ill, and alone at the time of his arrival there, Mortenson was cared for by some of Korphe's residents while he recovered. As a gesture of gratitude to the community for their assistance to him, Mortenson said he would build a school for the village after he noticed local students attending school in an outdoor location and writing out their lessons in the dirt. Mortenson has since admitted in a 2011 interview that the timing in the Korphe account in Three Cups of Tea is inaccurate, and that the events actually took place long after his descent from K2, over a longer period of time and during separate trips. Literacy in Central Asia

<mask> has written and spoken widely about the importance of education and literacy for girls worldwide. He has further stated that girls' education is the most important investment all countries can make to create stability, bring socio-economic reform, decrease infant mortality and population explosion, as well as improving health, hygiene, and sanitation standards.The lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice in federal court in May 2012. U.S. District Judge Sam Haddon chided the plaintiffs for presenting arguments that he called imprecise, flimsy, and speculative. An appeals suit was dropped by the 9th District Federal Circuit Court on October 10, 2013. On October 6, 2013, after a lengthy lawsuit filed by Central Asia Institute, Philadelphia Insurance company was ordered by Magistrate Judge Jeremy Lynch to repay Central Asia Institute $1.2 million to pay for legal costs involved in the lawsuits and investigations. In May 2015, the Montana Attorney General stated that Central Asia Institute and <mask> had completed the terms of a three-year compliance monitoring period, and CAI stated that the IRS had completed its examination of the nonprofit. The organization reported that it was having a return in donors and rise in contributions. 3000 Cups of Tea
Jennifer Jordan and Jeff Rhoads refuted the claims against Mortenson in their 2016 documentary 3000 Cups of Tea.In the film and through interviews Jordan showed that the accusations against Mortenson put forward by 60 Minutes and Jon Krakauer were largely not true and both failed to do adequate research and source verification. Jordan said in 2014: "Yes, <mask> is a bad manager and accountant, and he is the first to admit that, but he is also a tireless humanitarian with a crucially important mission." Recognition

Awards
 2003 Al Neuharth Free Spirit of the Year Award for building schools for Pakistani girls. In 2011, Mortenson was diagnosed with hypoxia and had surgery for an aneurysm and an atrial septal defect, an event which exactly coincided with the airing of the 60 Minutes expose and the release of Krakauer's accompanying book. References

External links
Official website of <mask>
Official website of "Pennies For Peace"

"The Real Enemy is Ignorance," <mask>'s Ubben Lecture at DePauw University, November 13, 2008. Living people
American memoirists
American humanitarians
American philanthropists
American Protestants
American mountain climbers
Founders of educational institutions
Education in Afghanistan
Education in Pakistan
Literacy advocates
University of South Dakota alumni
Writers from Bozeman, Montana
People from St. Cloud, Minnesota
People from Roseville, Minnesota
American expatriates in Pakistan
Male nurses
Recipients of the Sitara-e-Pakistan
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Greg Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Greg
Greg Mortenson
Greg Mortenson


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Sister () <mask> y <mask>, OP (also known as sor <mask> or sor <mask>, 12 March 1739 – 29 August 1823)
was a Dominican nun and a self-taught writer of the Chilean Colonial period ascribed to Catholic confessional discourse produced by Indian nuns in South American cloisters during the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. She cultivated the epistolary genre, but also rarely wrote poetry. She entered the religious life in 1751 against her parents' wishes, and began her literary production in 1763 probably by own choice. She is considered today "the best existing sources for the study of the Spanish language that was spoken during the Chilean Colonial period" and the most reliable source for diachronic linguistics. Despite her humble origins, she achieved great influence in the political world of the nascent Republican Chile, especially within government ministers during the Independence, who consulted her regularly. Alongside the autobiography of Ursula Suarez and collections of poems by Juana López and <mask>uín, the epistolary production of <mask> is included today within the first female literary records in Chile that identify and express themselves "in the literate territory of the city and culture of eighteenth-century Chilean colonial society". This is not to say that during that period there were no more written texts by nuns, but probably many of them are gone by authors' request.Biography
There are little biographical data available on <mask> <mask> <mask>, most of which are available in the monastery's records where she lived, some hagiographic publications, and her own confessional handwritten letters. She was born on 25 March 1739; and according to the clergyman and historian José Ignacio <mask> Portales, her parents were Ignacia <mask> and <mask> <mask>, both of humble origin, who was sent her to "Beaterio Dominico de Santa Rosa de Lima"—latter named "Monasterio de Dominicas de Santa Rosa de Lima de Santiago de Chile"—at age of seven, to pursue music studies. On 18 December 1751, aged 12, she decided to enter the convent as a postulant without her parents' permission, made a vow of perpetual chastity at 15 and on 15 October 1756, she made her formal profession as a white veil nun under the tutelage of the Prioress Maria Antonia Wandin, thereby becoming a fully recognized member of the religious community. She lived in the monastery until her death in the first half of the 1820s: the historian <mask> in his 1850s "Historia eclesiástica, política y literaria de Chile, Tomo II" (Ecclesiastical, Political, and Literary History of Chile, Volume II) indicates that it was on 29 August 1823, while Raïssa Kordic, the editor of her work, indicates that she died on 27 August 1822, aged 83. Literary work

Historical context
Nuns' writings in colonial convents were a common practice in South American subcontinent, not only because it allowed to reinforce faith or because it was done "for confessional mandate", but also because it allowed "to express some concerns or dissatisfactions against the lived reality" for including issues related to material and spiritual life that they had within the convent. In this context, literary works by nuns were framed and developed in Chilean convents and monasteries during the colonial period until the 19th century; these included spiritual letters, diaries, autobiographies and epistolaries. Highlighted in these genres Tadea de San Joaquín, Úrsula Suárez and Josefa de los Dolores, whose works became the best known of its kind in the South American region, along with those of Capuchin Sister Maria Jacinta from cloister of Our Lady of the Pillar in Buenos Aires, possibly dating back to the 1820s.Characteristics of her work
Her literary output was based on a series of epistolary letters sent to her confessor Manuel José Álvarez López (1701–1773) of the Society of Jesus—with whom the convent remained a close connection—probably in a period between 15 March 1763, and 7 March 1769, or such later date (as several letters contain no precise data). In 1923, the existence of these manuscripts was first mentioned by the historian José Toribio Medina in History. Letters of women in Chile, 1630–1885 (), but without a philological or linguistical point of view and with a short, imprecise descriptive character. Their rescue, analysis and publication started in the 2000s thanks to funding from the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, CONICYT. Genre
According to its literary technique, tone, content or length, her literary work is considered part of the epistolary genre, and constitutes "the only so far known in Chile, of significant size, that remains whole", while the subgenre is the letter. Several investigators "undearscore the letter's value as a 'technique' of confession, guided self-analysis, self-knowledge, self-development, and management of the cloistered nuns' inner life". In the case of Sister <mask> <mask> los <mask>, such writings have enabled to know their discursive production, and have allowed to include her in the group of the first female literates in Chile.Corpus
The letters were discovered in the archives of the monastery by the researcher and theorist Raïssa Kordic, who rescued over a hundred epistles "written in tiny italics, and developed in booklets of four to eight pages" that probably do not constitute all of her written work. Such correspondence was held by the Jesuit priest Manuel Álvarez until his departure from Chile in unspecified date due to the expulsion of the Jesuits; those missives passed into the hands of the Bishop and his successors until 1861, when the Prioress of the time requested them: their content was partially censured and then were returned to the monastery. In the early 2000s, an academic group from the University of Chile began a rescue process. Then in 2008, an edition containing 65 letters was published under the title of the "Epistolary of Sister <mask> y Lillo (Chile, 1763–1769)" () that included a critical analysis. Notes

References

Bibliography

1739 births
1823 deaths
Chilean women poets
Roman Catholic writers
18th-century Chilean women writers
Chilean Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
18th-century Chilean writers
Chilean Dominicans
Chilean non-fiction writers

masks:
Josefa de los Dolores Peña
Lillo Barbosa
Josefa de los Dolores
Dolores Peña y Lillo
Tadea de San Joaq
Sister Josefa
Josefa
de los
Dolores
Eyzagure
Barbosa
Alonso Peña
y Lillo
Eyzagure
Josefa
de
Dolores
Dolores Peña


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<mask> (born 28 July 1946, Watford) is a Professor in Management at the London campus of Loughborough University, and also the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Institutional Economics. <mask> is recognised as one of the leading figures of modern critical institutionalism which carries forth the critical spirit and intellectual tradition of the founders of institutional economics, particularly that of Thorstein Veblen. His broad research interests span from evolutionary economics and history of economic thought to Marxism and theoretical biology. He first became known for his book Economics and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics (1988), which criticises modern 'mainstream' economics and calls to revise economic theory on the new grounds of institutionalism. His reputation has become enhanced owing to the trilogy of more recent books – Economics and Utopia (1999), How Economics Forgot History (2001) and The Evolution of Institutional Economics (2004) all of which built <mask>'s arguments into a more rounded and powerful critique of mainstream economic theory. In 1988, <mask> was involved in setting up the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE). He was its general secretary until 1998.In 2000 <mask> co-founded The Other Canon, a center and network for heterodox economics research, with main founder and executive chairman Erik Reinert and others. In 2013, <mask> co-founded the World Interdisciplinary Network for Institutional Research (WINIR). In his 2015 book "Conceptualizing Capitalism" and an article entitled "Legal Institutionalism", he sketched his own research program of a legal institutionalism. Institutions according to <mask>
According to <mask>, institutions are the stuff of social life. He defines them in a 2006 article by saying that institutions are "the systems of established and prevalent social rules that structure social interaction". Examples of institutions may be language, money, law, systems of weights and measures, table manners and organisations (for example firms). Conventions, that may be included in law, can be regarded to be institutions as well (<mask>, 2006, p. 2).What <mask> considers important about institutions is the way that they structure social life and frame our perceptions and preferences. They also create stable expectations. He argues that: "Generally, institutions enable ordered thought, expectation, and action by imposing form and consistency on human activities". Consequently, institutions enable as well as constrain action. <mask> regards institutions as systems of rules. Broadly understood a rule is "a socially transmitted and customary normative injunction or immanently normative disposition, that in circumstances X do Y" (<mask>, 2006, p. 3). This means that to be effective a rule has to be embedded in dispositions or habits.Mere decrees are not necessarily rules in this sense. Habits and customs help to give a normative status to a legal rule that can help a new law to become effective. In the process of social interaction norms are constantly changed (<mask>, 2006, pp. 3–4)

Books
 Is Socialism Feasible? Towards an Alternative Future (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019). Is There a Future for Heterodox Economics? Institutions, Ideology and a Scientific Community (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019).Evolutionary Economics: Its Nature and Future (Cambridge University Press, 2019). Wrong Turnings: How the Left Got Lost (University of Chicago Press, 2018). Conceptualizing Capitalism: Institutions, Evolution, Future (University of Chicago Press, 2015)
 From Pleasure Machines to Moral Communities: An Evolutionary Economics without Homo Economicus (University of Chicago Press, 2013)
 (Edited with Charles Camic) Essential Writings of Thorstein Veblen (Routledge, London and New York, 2011). (With Thorbjoern Knudsen) Darwin's Conjecture: The Search for General Principles of Social and Economic Evolution (University of Chicago Press, 2010). .
 Economics in the Shadows of Darwin and Marx (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2006). . . The Evolution of Institutional Economics: Agency, Structure and Darwinism in American Institutionalism (Routledge, London, 2004). A Modern Reader in Evolutionary and Institutional Economics (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, 2002)
 How Economics Forgot History: The Problem of Historical Specificity in Social Science (Routledge, London, 2001). . Also in a Chinese edition.Evolution and Institutions: On Evolutionary Economics and the Evolution of Economics  (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, 1999)
 Economics and Utopia: Why the Learning Economy is Not the End of History (Routledge, London, 1999)
 Economics and Evolution: Bringing Life Back Into Economics (University of Michigan Press and Polity Press, 1993). Economics and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics (Polity Press, Cambridge, and University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1988). After Marx and Sraffa: Essays in Political Economy (Macmillan Press, London, 1991). The Democratic Economy: A New Look at Planning, Markets and Power (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1984). Capitalism, Value and Exploitation (Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1982). Labour at the Crossroads (Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1981). Socialism and Parliamentary Democracy (Spokesman, Nottingham, 1977.Also in Italian, Spanish, Turkish and Japanese editions)
 Trotsky and Fatalistic Marxism (Spokesman, Nottingham. 1975). .

References
 <mask>, G.M., ‘What are institutions?’, Journal of Economic Issues 2006 vol. 40 no.1, p. 2–4 (on the internet: )

External links

 <mask>'s homepage
 <mask>'s New Politics blog
 Journal of Institutional Economics
 World Interdisciplinary Network for Institutional Research (WINIR)
 How Did Economics Get into Such a State? Academics of the University of Hertfordshire
English economists
People from Watford
1946 births
Living people

masks:
Geoffrey Martin Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
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Hodgson
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<mask> (, born 8 May 1999) is a Bosnian professional basketball player for Río Breogán of the Liga ACB. Standing at  and weighing , <mask> plays the small forward position. He was selected by the Brooklyn Nets with the 29th pick in the 2018 NBA draft. Early career
Born in Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina, <mask> began playing soccer at first, before choosing to focus on basketball. <mask> started playing junior basketball in the youth setup at KK Bosna XXL, when he was 8 years old. He then moved to Sarajevo-based KK Koš, before joining Croatian team KK Cedevita in 2014. Professional career

Cedevita (2014–2018)
In December 2014, he signed a deal with Croatian team Cedevita.<mask> made his debut in Europe's top-tier level competition, the EuroLeague, on 15 October 2015, making him the ninth-youngest player to make their debut in the EuroLeague. <mask> played the first 4:55 minutes of the game and recorded 4 points. In June 2017, <mask> attended the Adidas Eurocamp, a basketball camp based in Treviso for international NBA draft prospects. He was named the Eurocamp 2017 Most Improved Player. In the 2017–18 season, while a member of Cedevita, <mask> was awarded the EuroCup Rising Star Trophy, after averaging 10.5 points and 3.2 rebounds per game, in 16 games played in Europe's 2nd-tier level EuroCup competition. He was also named the ABA League Top Prospect as well as to the All-ABA League Team for the 2017–18 season. Brooklyn Nets (2018–2020)
On April 12, 2018, <mask> declared for the 2018 NBA draft, where he was expected to be a first round selection.On June 21, he was selected with the 29th overall pick by the Brooklyn Nets. On July 12, the Nets signed <mask> to a rookie scale contract. During his rookie season, <mask> has had multiple assignments to the Long Island Nets of the NBA G League. On November 19, 2020, <mask> was traded to the Detroit Pistons in a three-team trade. On December 21, 2020, <mask> was waived by the Pistons. Anadolu Efes (2021)
On January 13, 2021, <mask> signed a 2.5 year contract with Anadolu Efes of the Turkish Basketball Super League. On June 27, 2021, Efes used their option to exit from their mutual contract and <mask> became a free agent.His short run with the Turkish club had four EuroLeague appearances and a short playing time total of 12 minutes. He also played in eight Turkish league games, averaging 11.4 points per game. Río Breogán (2021–present)
On July 21, 2021, <mask> signed with Río Breogán of the Liga ACB. National team career
<mask> played at the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship with the Bosnian national Under-16 team, leading the tournament in scoring, at 23.0 points per game. He also played at the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, which he led in scoring, at 23.3 points per game, and in assisting, at 6.3 assists per game. He also averaged 9.0 rebounds per game, during the tournament. In the tournament's finals game, against the tournament's hosts, Lithuania, <mask> scored 33 points, to go along with his 8 rebounds, 7 assists, 3 steals and 2 blocks, leading his team to an 85–83 victory, and securing a gold medal for his team.<mask> was named the MVP of the tournament, and he was also selected to the All-Tournament Team. <mask> also played at the 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Cup, which he led in scoring, at 34.0 points per game. He also averaged 8.1 rebounds and 3.0 assists per game. During the tournament, <mask> scored 50 points, in 27 minutes played, in a game against Chinese Taipei, which is the current record for the most points scored in a single game at the FIBA Under-17 World Cup tournament. players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate basketball people in the United States
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's basketball players
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims
Brooklyn Nets draft picks
Brooklyn Nets players
CB Breogán players
Expatriate basketball people in Turkey
KK Cedevita players
Liga ACB players
Long Island Nets players
National Basketball Association players from Bosnia and Herzegovina
People from Bihać
Shooting guards
Small forwards

masks:
Džanan Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
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<mask> (classical ; 4 April 182029 October 1907) was an Armenian Apostolic Church leader, educator, and publisher who served as Catholicos of All Armenians from 1893 to 1907. During this period he was known as <mask> of Van (Մկրտիչ Ա Վանեցի, <mask>i). A native of Van, one of the largest cities in Turkish (Western) Armenia, <mask> became a celibate priest (vardapet) in 1854 after the death of his wife and daughter. In the 1850s and 1860s he served as the abbot of two important monasteries in Turkish Armenia: Varagavank near Van and Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush. During this period he established schools and journals in both monasteries. He served as Patriarch of Constantinople—the most influential figure within the Ottoman Armenian community—from 1869 to 1873 and resigned due to pressure from the Ottoman government which saw him as a threat. He was the head of the Armenian delegation at the 1878 Congress of Berlin.Returning from Europe, he encouraged Armenian peasants to follow the example of Christian Balkan peoples by launching an armed struggle for autonomy or independence from the Ottoman Turks. Between 1879 and 1885 he served as prelate of Van, after which he was forced into exile to Jerusalem. He was elected as head of the Armenian Church in 1892, however, he was enthroned more than a year later and served in that position until his death. He opposed the Russian government's attempt to confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church in 1903, which was later canceled in part due to his efforts. Khrimian further endorsed the liberation movement of the Armenian revolutionaries. He is a towering figure in modern Armenian history and has been affectionately called Khrimian Hayrik (hayrik is diminutive for "father"). A well-known defender of Armenian interests and aspirations, his progressive activities are seen as having laid the groundwork for the rise of Armenian nationalism and the consequent national liberation movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Early life, education, and travels
<mask> was born in the Aygestan (Aikesdan) quarter of Van. His father, a weaver, died when <mask> was a child and he was brought up by his uncle, Khachatur, a merchant. The root of his last name, Khrim, is the Armenian language term for Crimea, suggests a link his family had with the peninsula. He received informal education at parochial schools of Lim and Ktuts islands in Lake Van and Varagavank, where he studied classical Armenian, history, and ecclesiastical literature. Upon returning to Van in 1842, he embarked on a journey across the region and made a pilgrimage to Etchmiadzin, the center of the Armenian Church. Khrimian wished to continue his education at a European university, but this desire was never realized. He lived in Constantinople from 1844 to 1846 where he made connections with Armenian intellectuals.Returning to Van in 1846, he married Mariam Sevikian. In 1847 he crossed to Persia and the Russian Caucasus, where he visited the Ararat plain, Shirak, and Nakhichevan. He lived in Alexandropol (Gyumri) for six months. In 1848 once again moved to Constantinople via Tiflis, Batumi, and Trabzon. From 1848 to 1850 he taught at an all-girl school in Constantinople's Khasgiugh (Hasköy) quarter. In 1851 he traveled to Cilicia where he was sent to report on the state of Armenian schools. By traveling and living in various Armenian-populated provinces, he acquired an intimate knowledge of the problems and aspirations of ordinary Armenians.He was upset with the apathy the upper and middle classes of the Armenian community of Constantinople showed towards provincial Armenians. Returning to Van in 1853, he found himself with no immediate family left; his wife, daughter, and mother had died. He thereafter decided to devote himself to a life in the Armenian Apostolic Church. In 1854, at age 34, Khirimian was ordained as vardapet (celibate priest) at the Aghtamar Cathedral in Lake Van. In 1855 he was appointed abbot of the Holy Cross Church in Scutari (Üsküdar), near Constantinople. <mask> began production of the periodical Artsvi Vaspurakan at a publishing house located next to his Scutari church. Van, Mush, and Constantinople

Monasteries of Varag and Surb Karapet
Khrimian returned to Van in 1857 and established the Zharangavorats School at Varagavank monastery.He founded a publishing house at the monastery, through which he resumed the publication of Artsvi Vaspurakan in 1859. Its publication continued until 1864. In 1862 he was appointed abbot of the Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush, which meant he was also the prelate of Taron. He revitalized the monastery and transformed it into a flourishing center. He founded a school there and a journal, called Artsvik Tarono. He succeeded in convincing the wali (governor) of the Erzurum Vilayet to lower taxes for Armenians. Patriarch of Constantinople
On 20 October 1868, <mask> was ordained as a bishop in Etchmiadzin.On 4 September 1869 he was elected as the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople, who was the de facto leader of the Armenian community of the Ottoman Empire in both religious and secular matters. According to Ali Tekkoyun, a Turkish scholar of religion, his election indicated that the Amira (wealthiest) class and the imperial authorities lost power over the Armenians as went against their interests. He cleared the patriarchate's debt and sought to increase the provincial representation in the Armenian National Assembly. As the de facto political leader of the Christian Armenian millet in the eyes of the Sublime Porte, he prepared a detailed report documenting instances of oppression, persecution, and miscarriage of justice in the Armenian provinces and presented the document to the Sublime Porte. Khrimian used the position to advance the interests and conditions of the poor and oppressed provincial Armenians. The Khrimian report, officially titled First Report on Provincial Oppressions needs to be understood in the context of the Tanzimat reforms (1839, 1856). Aimed at centralizing the administration and improving the tax base of the government, the reforms had not been effectively implemented in the more peripheral parts of the Empire, among them the Anatolian provinces.As a consequence, the local populations often suffered from double taxation, both from the central government and from the part of local tribal leaders who had access to tax farming rights, most of them Kurdish notables. Issues explicitly mentioned in <mask>'s report include: violence committed by tax farmers against the local population, forced conversions to Islam and other crimes committed out of religious fanaticism, over-taxation, and neglect of tax farmer duties, leading to harvest losses. The report also made several suggestions on how to address the above-mentioned problems: In particular, the Kurdish tribesmen were supposed to be disarmed and taught an agricultural lifestyle. Moreover, the report asked for the creation of an effective police force, with Armenians being allowed to serve at all levels, and for transparent communication of the Sublime Porte's orders. His outspokenness about the issues facing the Armenian population annoyed not only the Ottoman authorities but some of the Armenian wealthy elite as well. According to Gerard Libaridian, the promotion of rights of provincial Armenians "made him an enemy of many influential Armenians in Istanbul." He was compelled to resign by the Ottoman government in 1873.Armayis Vartooguian wrote in 1896 that <mask> "could have held the post of Patriarch of Constantinople for life had he not been driven to resign by the intrigues of the Turkish Government, which disliked him very much because of his zeal for the well-being of his flock." Following his resignation, Khrimian dedicated his time to literary pursuits. Berlin Congress
In the aftermath of the 1877–78 Russo-Turkish War, <mask> led the Armenian delegation at the Congress of Berlin. The delegation's mission was to present a memorandum to the great powers concerning the implementation of reforms in the Armenian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The delegation's main goal was to secure substantial reforms in the Armenian provinces that would be supervised by European powers—which meant Russia in reality, as its troops where stationed in parts of Armenia. Armenians hoped that Russian pressure (and threat of intervention) would force the Ottoman government to improve conditions in the Armenian provinces. The Armenian delegation furthermore demanded some form of autonomy for the Armenian provinces, similar to the Maronite autonomy in Mount Lebanon, but did not advocate breakup of the Ottoman Empire or annexation of the Armenian provinces into Russia.The Treaty of Berlin, which was signed on 13 July 1878, is considered a failure of the Armenian mission to the congress by historians. It failed to force the Ottoman government to implement real reforms. Panossian writes that all the Armenian delegation received were "toothless promises." In the congress, Khrimian witnessed the Christian Balkan peoples (Serbs, Montenegrins, and Bulgarians) achieving independence or some degree of autonomy. After returning to Constantinople, Khrimian delivered a series of speeches "which secured him a place in the radicalisation of Armenian thinking, and the clear and forceful articulation of demands based on nationalist principles." He gave a well-known sermon in which he called for the armament of the Armenians in order to fight for an independent Armenia. He told his flock that "Armenia, in contrast with the Christian states of the Balkans, did not win autonomy from the Porte because no Armenian blood had been shed in the cause of freedom."Famous for its allegories, the sermon is considered to have initiated the Armenian revolutionary movement. In the sermon, he "used an analogy of a ladle and dish with the sword and freedom in explaining the Balkan countries' struggle for freedom during the Congress. For him, the freedom of Armenia was only possible through the use of armed force." In particular, he stated: "There, where guns talk and swords make noise, what significance do appeals and petitions have?" He added:

Prelate of Van and exile

After his return from Europe, <mask> demonstration, four representatives of the Armenian National Assembly (<mask>, Garegin Srvandztiants, Matthew Izmirlian, Grigoris Aleatjian) presented a report criticizing the Ottoman government for the treatment of the Armenian peasantry. In December 1890, he was exiled to Jerusalem "under

masks:
Mkrtich Khrimian
Mkrtich I
Mkrtich A Vanets
Khrimian
Khrimian
Mkrtich
Khrimian
Khrimian
Khrimian
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 pretense of being on a pilgrimage." He lived in the St. James monastery in the city's Armenian Quarter. Catholicos
On 5 May 1892, an election held at Etchmiadzin unanimously elected Khrimian to the position of Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church. According to Vartooguian, "Khrimian's popularity was so overwhelming that any one opposing him would be recognized by the nation as a traitor. Khrimian was recognized as the standard of patriotism, and whoever sought the best interests of the nation could not but favor his election."Vartooguian adds that the Russian imperial government was displeased with his election as they sought to incorporate the Armenian Church under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church in an attempt to Russify the Armenian population. <mask>, aged 72, was not initially allowed to travel to Etchmiadzin by Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Over a year later, after the Russian emperor's request was he granted permission to travel, but only if he did not set foot in Turkey. According to Hacikyan et al., the Ottomans feared "excessive manifestations of jubilations by the Armenians." The Ottoman government forbade <mask> from traveling to Echmiadzin through their territory, and so he was required to travel via Jaffa, Alexandria, Trieste, Vienna, Odessa, Sevastopol, Batumi, and then Tiflis. Some 17 months after his election, he was enthroned as Catholicos on 26 September 1893. His Ottoman citizenship was revoked and he became a Russian subject.In 1895, he traveled to Saint Petersburg to meet the Russian Tsar Nicholas II to request the implementation of reforms in the Ottoman Empire's Armenian provinces. During the Hamidian massacres of 1894–96, Khrimian provided material assistance to the Armenian refugees. Among his other accomplishments were the renovations of numerous ancient monasteries and churches. In June 1903, the Russian government issued an edict to close down Armenian schools and confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church, including the treasures of Etchmiadzin. The act had the primary purpose of accelerating the process of Russification of the Armenian people and church. <mask> collaborated with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or Dashnaktsutyun) to organize mass demonstrations against the edict. According to the historian Rouben Paul Adalian, it was a combination of Dashnaktsutyun's popular resistance and Khrimian's personal defiance that resulted in the edict being canceled in 1905.In 1907, Khrimian clarified the relations between the patriarch of Constantinople and emphasized the primacy of the see of Echmiadzin. In September of that year he sent a letter to Nicholas II in which he called upon the Russian government to prevent the violence then facing the Ottoman Empire's Armenian population. Views and ideological influence

Progressivism

In the 1860s and 1870s, <mask> was, along with Harutiun Svadjian, one of the major liberal Armenian activists in the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, liberals like Grigor Artsruni, Mikael Nalbandian, and Stepanos Nazarian were active in the Russian Empire. Arra Avakian described him as a "very progressive educator." American feminist Alice Stone Blackwell wrote in 1917: "All his views were progressive" and praised his promotion of female education: "He was a strong advocate of education for girls, and in one of his books, The Family of Paradise, he argues against the prevailing Oriental idea that husbands have a right to rule over their wives by force." Derderian also noted his "belief in the importance of educating women" and his encouragement of "participation of women in spreading enlightenment principles."Another author stated that he made "voluminous contribution to progressive Armenian intellectualism." Vartooguian, writing in 1896, suggested that Khrimian "was a conservative in matters of the Church." Nationalism
Razmik Panossian writes that Khrimian had a powerful influence on Armenian nationalism. According to Panossian, he is the "single most important nineteenth century figure to have entered Armenian consciousness as the bearer of the radical message of national liberation". According to Tekkoyun, "Khrimian was a prominent figure in the formation of the Armenian nationalism." H. F. B. Lynch, who visited Etchmiadzin in 1893, wrote about Khrimian in his book on Armenia: "With him religion and patriotism are almost interchangeable terms." In the words of Adalian, Khrimian is "revered for his patriotic fervor and staunch defense of Armenian national interests."Another author described him as a "major spokesman for Armenian nationalist aspirations on the international stage." According to Tekkoyun, Khrimian "always advocated the awareness of laymen with nationalistic and patriotic ideas, which was possible only through the medium of journals and literature." Khrimian particularly emphasized the use of vernacular language in his writings. <mask>'s view of Armenian nationalism as a cultural reawakening transformed into nationalism as an armed revolutionary movement in response to the repressive regime of Ottoman and Russian government as well as European policies towards Armenia. Khrimian explicitly endorsed the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) in an 1896 letter to the Armenians of Van, in which he wrote:

Before this the church had maintained a distance from the Armenian revolutionary groups as the latter saw the former as a conservative institution. It was Khrimian who welcomed revolutionary activism, especially by the Dashnaktsutyun, the most influential Armenian party. According to Panossian, Khrimian thus radicalised, to a certain degree, the Armenian Church and as such secularised in its vision of the Armenian nation.Death and legacy

<mask> died on 29 October 1907. He was buried, like many of his predecessors, at the courtyard of Etchmiadzin Cathedral. Sculptor Sergey Merkurov made his death mask. Khrimian was revered by Armenians during his lifetime. He was called Hayrik (diminutive for "father") since his time as abbot of Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush in the early 1860s. Sarkis Atamian claims that "[n]o man, perhaps, in Armenian history, has come to symbolize the kind, wise, paternalistic leader of his flock as did Khrimian who was given the title Hairig (little father) in affection by his people." Jack Kalpakian describes Khrimian as "second only to the mythical Haik as the nation's father figure."Khrimian largely focused his efforts on the common people rather than the Armenian elite and is thus considered a "hero of the common people." Catholicos Vazgen I (r. 1955–94) called Khrimian the "greatest revolutionary [of the Armenian peasantry]". Panossian writes that Khrimian was committed throughout his life to the betterment of the conditions of provincial Armenian and of Armenian rights in general. Khrimian has been described as "one of the few truly great figures in the history of the Armenian Church" and "one of the most famous and beloved national-religious figures of his time." Another author called him "the most beloved Armenian patriarch of modern times." Patricia Cholakian wrote of him: "a man of great personal holiness, had been among the first to inspire the persecuted Armenians to a love of learning and a sense of pride in their heritage." The prominent linguist Hrachia Acharian called him a true Christian, a true patriot, and a true popular man.The Missionary Herald wrote in 1891 about Khrimian: "a man to whom all the Armenian nation look up to with great respect. He has labored honestly and earnestly for good of his nation." Alice Stone Blackwell wrote of him in 1917 as "the grandest figure in modern Armenian history" and added that "He was deeply loved and venerated for his wisdom and saintliness." Prominent Armenian poet Avetik Isahakyan wrote in a 1945 article: "The Armenian people will not forget him. The more time passes, the brighter his memory will become. He will look at the Armenian people from the depth of centuries and speak with a familiar language about her cherished aspirations and immortal goals." Khrimian is the subject of paintings of several prominent Armenian artists, such as Ivan Aivazovsky, Yeghishe Tadevosyan, and Vardges Sureniants.Armenian-American composer Alan Hovhaness wrote a concerto titled Khrimian Hairig in October 1944. In his own words, "The music was inspired by a portrait of the heroic priest <mask> Hairig, who led the Armenian people through many persecutions." The composition was first commercially recorded in 1995 by the Manhattan Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Richard Auldon Clark. A school in Yerevan, Armenia's capital, founded by Khrimian in 1906 and renamed for the 26 Baku Commissars during the Soviet period, was renamed after him in 1989. Publications

Khrimian authored essays and books. His most notable works are the following:
1850: Հրաւիրակ Արարատեան, Hravirak Araratian (Convoker to Ararat): "a verse essay in classical Armenian in which he assumes the role of guide and leads a group of youths though the history and geography of the ancestral homeland, extolling its ancient glories and exquisite beauty in an attempt to instill a love and passion for the mother country in the young generation"
1851: Հրաւիրակ երկրին աւետեաց, Hravirak yerkrin avetiatz (Convoker to the Promised Land): "a similar verse essay published after a trip to the Holy Land in which he leads youths on a tour of the holy sites, teaching them the essence of Christianity as they go." 1876: Խաչի ճառը, Khachi char (Discourse on the Cross)
1876: Ժամանակ եւ խորհուրդ իւր, Zhamanak yev khorhurd yur (Time and its mystery)
1876: Դրախտի ընտանիք, Drakhti entanik (The family of paradise)
1878: Սիրաք եւ Սամուէլ, Sirak yev Samuel: "a treatise on child education"
1894: Պապիկ եւ թոռնիկ, Papik yev tornik (Grandfather and grandson): Agop Jack Hacikyan et al.consider it his best work. 1900: Թագաւորաց ժողով, Tagavorats zhoghov (The meeting of kings)
1901: Վերջալոյսի ձայներ, Verjaluysi dzayner (Sounds of twilight): a collection of poetry

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Khrimian at ArmenianHouse.org

1820 births
1907 deaths
19th-century Oriental Orthodox bishops
20th-century Oriental Orthodox bishops
Armenian Oriental Orthodox Christians
Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople
Catholicoi of Armenia
19th-century Armenian poets
20th-century Armenian poets
Armenian male writers
Armenian essayists
Armenian educators
Armenian theologians
Armenian nationalists
Armenians of the Ottoman Empire
People from Van,

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<mask> (born 16 April 1997) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is a three-time premiership player with the club and in 2017 he received the award for the AFL's Goal of the Year. Early life and junior football
<mask> was born in Fremantle, Western Australia and grew up in Pirlangimpi on Melville Island, among the Tiwi Islands of the Northern Territory. He first attended high school at St John's Catholic College in Darwin and played competitive football with the St Mary's Football Club in the Northern Territory Football League. He moved away from home to Victoria at age 14 however, where he boarded at St Patricks College in Ballarat and played in the school's 2015 state schools championship winning side. In 2015 he played nine matches for the North Ballarat Rebels in the TAC Cup including a four-goal performance in the club's qualifying final against the Geelong Falcons. <mask> played representative football for the Northern Territory in the 2015 Under-18 championships where he appeared in three matches for the side.He went on to play as part of the Under-18s Allies in a match against the AFL Academy held prior to the 2015 AFL Grand Final in which he kicked four goals. At the 2015 Draft Combine he recorded impressive results, finishing second in the 20 metre sprint and first in the 30 metre repeat sprint tests. AFL career

2016 season
<mask> was drafted by  with the club's first selection and the 15th pick overall in the 2015 national draft. He made his AFL debut in round 1 of the 2016 AFL season in a victory against the club's traditional rival  at the MCG. He did not play the following week, sitting out one match with a minor leg injury. <mask> kicked his first career goal in his next match, a round 3 loss to . He missed another match in round 9, this time to travel home because of an illness in the family.At the mid-season bye he had played 10 of a possible 12 matches and kicked six goals over that span. He missed two matches after the bye, this time in rounds 14 and 15 before returning in round 16 and remaining in the side for the final eight matches of the season. <mask> won nomination for the 2016 AFL Rising Star award after a 16 disposal, four tackle and two goal performance in the club's round 22 loss to . He finished his debut season having played 18 matches and kicking a club sixth-best 13 goals. He also finished ranked sixth at the clubs for tackles and was awarded the Cosgrove-Jenkins Award as Richmond's best first-year player. 2017 season

<mask>, along with forward-line companions Jason Castagna and Dan Butler, played a key role in Richmond's five game unbeaten start to the 2017 season. After five rounds the small-forward trio had combined for 23 goals (<mask> with eight) and 44 tackles (10 for Rioli).<mask> earned a goal of the week nomination in round 3 for a boundary line snap in the club's win over . In addition to his work on-field, <mask> was impressive with his leadership off-field. Captain Trent Cotchin lauded <mask> for his leadership and maturity, saying "He's been nothing short of outstanding and taking other guys that we’ve drafted into the club under his wing this season has been really special.” In April, coach Damien Hardwick said a midfield role lay in <mask>'s future, once the young forward developed the aerobic capacity required to play higher up the ground. After six rounds, <mask> was tied-second at the club for goals scored that season. His 76.9% conversion rate was the best of Richmond's top five goal kickers. At the mid-season bye <mask> had played in all 11 Richmond AFL matches and kicked a total of 12 goals. In round 19 he kicked a then career-best three goals, with all coming in the first quarter of the club's win over .To that point he ranked fourth among all forwards in the league for both turnovers created and points from turnovers created. When September came <mask> would play in his first career final, turning in eight disposals and four tackles in a qualifying final victory over . He turned in a starring performance the next week though, kicking a career-high four goals as he helped Richmond towards their first Grand Final since his uncle Maurice did so in 1982. There he became a premiership player, contributing 11 disposals and five tackles in his side's 48 point victory over minor premiers . He did not come away unscathed however, suffering a broken foot that would require surgery and at least three months of rest and rehabilitation. At season's end <mask> was named on the bench of the AFL Players' Association's 22 Under 22 team which recognises the best young players in the league. He also received the league Goal of the Year award for his round 3 snap, despite it not winning the fan vote for that round's best.<mask> ranked first at Richmond and eighth in the league for tackles inside 50 in the 2017 season. 2018 season
The lingering effects of his previous year's foot injury saw <mask> miss the entirety of the club's 2018 pre-season training including a second surgery to remove the previously inserted metal plates. Initial forecasts  had <mask> slated to begin running again in early January but these proved overly optimistic. His return to training would instead be delayed until late January, with club officials at that time still remaining optimistic that he would be fit for a round 1 return to AFL action. Again, these predictions proved optimistic, with <mask> ruled no chance to play in round 1 from as far out as early March. He returned to full training after round 5 of the AFL season but club doctors remained tight-lipped on an expected match-day return date given his significant lack of conditioning. He set a personal goal to play in the club's round 11 Dreamtime at the 'G match with Essendon and appeared close to the mark when upgraded to 'possible' on the club's injury list in mid-May.He made his return to competitive football, albeit in limited game-time and via the club's reserve side in the VFL, in the weekend of the AFL's round 9. He played a further three matches at the lower level, increasing playing time with each. <mask> finally earned a return to AFL football in round 13's win over  at the MCG. There he set a new career-high with eight tackles, was named in the club's best players by the Herald Sun and was one of five Richmond players to earn a vote in the Coaches Association's player of the year award. Two weeks later he attracted similar praise for kicking a two-goal performance in a win over  where he left the field early with a suspected but ultimately unfounded groin injury. <mask> showed no signs of injury the following week, when he kicked a season-best three goals in a tight loss to the  that saw him labelled in Richmond's best by AFL Media. He played his 50th AFL match in round 20, adding 12 disposals in a win over  at the MCG.The following week <mask> set a career best with 25 disposals in a win over . After playing the final 10 consecutive matches of the home and away season, <mask> entered the finals series with the minor premiership winning Richmond hosting fourth placed  in a qualifying final. <mask> added three goals in what was ultimately a 31-point win, including a notable dribble kick goal in the second quarter of that match. In the week-long break that followed, <mask> suffered a minor finger injury while completing a club training session. Despite some initial concern about the injury, <mask> would not miss a training session after scans confirmed the injury to be nothing more than a minor jarring. He played at full health and recorded 14 disposals in the club's preliminary final, a shock knock-out loss to  that brought his season to an end. <mask> finished the season having played 12 matches and set new career best averages in all major statistical categories including goals, disposals, marks and tackles.2019 season

<mask> spend the 2018/19 off-season training as a part time midfielder in addition to his forward-line duties. He was among Richmond's best players in the first of his club's two pre-season matches, where he spend part of his time playing as a midfielder. After playing in the season-opening match against Carlton, <mask> kicked his first goal of the season in round 2 against  at the MCG. He followed that with three goals against the  in round 3, but where he also suffered bruised ribs during a collision with an opposition player. <mask> did not miss a match as a direct result of that injury, but in round 7 suffered more damage with thigh, hip and rib bruising sustained in a marking contest that would lead to him to be ruled out from playing the following week. After one week rest and recovery, <mask> failed to earn immediate selection to AFL level, instead playing one match with the club's reserves side in the VFL. <mask> returned to AFL level for the Dreamtime at the 'G match in round 10, wearing a guernsey he had designed with his mother and father and that featured imagery central to his family and the Tiwi Islands that were his childhood home, including the family totem of the turtle.He could not hold his place past that match however, immediately dropped back to VFL level the next week. It would prove to be another short stint though, with <mask> immediately recalled to AFL level after laying seven tackles in that VFL win over . He lifted his goalkicking tally over the next month, with five goals across the three weeks from round 13. In round 17 he recorded a season-best 18 disposals in a win over the Giants. <mask> closed out the regular season with form The Age described as "patchy", kicking three goals in total and only twice gathering more than 15 disposals in the final six weeks of the season. <mask> was named by AFL Media as one of his side's best players in a 47-point qualifying final victory over the  to open the finals series, kicking two goals but suffering a rolled ankle during that match. The injury did not require significant treatment or rehabilitation and allowed <mask> to play a full match in his side's preliminary final victory over  a fortnight later.His output was poor in that match however, going scoreless, contributing only nine disposals and with AFL Media noting he "didn't provide enough forward pressure." In the grand final against , AFL Media labelled <mask> "fantastic in the forward half of the ground" despite a modest stat line that included one goal and four tackles in his side's 89-point victory that earned him a second premiership in three years. At the end of the year, <mask> placed equal-tenth in the club's best and fairest count alongside fellow small forward Jason Castagna. 2020 season
<mask> took part in each of his club's two pre-season series matches in March before kicking an equal-team high three goals in a season-opening win over  in round 1. He received four Coaches' Association award votes for his performance in that match, which was played without a crowd in attendance due to public health prohibitions on large gatherings imposed as a result of the rapid progression of the coronavirus pandemic into Australia. It was the first match of a reduced 17-round season, which was also played with quarter lengths reduced by one fifth in order to reduce the physical load on players who would be expected to play multiple matches with short breaks in the second half of the year. Just three days later, the AFL Commission suspended the season for an indefinite period after multiple states enforced quarantine conditions on their borders that effectively ruled out the possibility of continuing the season as planned.<mask> contributed six disposals when the season resumed in June after an 11-week hiatus, before another six disposal outing in round 3 saw him omitted from the club's round 4 lineup. He instead played in an unofficial scratch match against 's reserves that same week, held due to all AFL clubs' withdrawal from the VFL season. After starring with two goals at the lower level, he earned an immediate recall for the club's round 5 win over , in which <mask> kicked one goal. <mask> held his spot for a further three matches, over which time the club was relocated to the Gold Coast in response to a virus outbreak in Melbourne. He was once again dropped from senior football in round 10, this time following an eight disposal outing against  the previous week. After two matches out, <mask> made his return to football in a round 11 loss to . He was among his side's best during round 13's Dreamtime in Darwin match, recording 16 disposals, a team-high five tackles and kicking a goal in his first AFL match in his Northern Territory home.<mask> played in each of the final four matches of the regular season, before contributing a season-best two goals in a qualifying final loss to the . He had another goal and recorded 15 disposals in a semi-final win against  one week later, before adding 39 pressure points and six tackles to help his side to a preliminary final victory over . <mask> became Richmond's youngest three-time premiership player ever the following week, adding four tackles in his side's 31-point grand final victory over . He finished the year having played 18 of a possible 21 matches, and placed equal 14th in the club's best and fairest count. 2021 season
<mask> was hampered by part of the 2021 pre-season training period with an ankle injury, but was ultimately recovered to feature in both the club's pre-season match against  and its season-opening match against . After recording seven disposals in round 2, <mask> was formally omitted from the club's round 3 side, though ultimately activated as a medical substitute to replace the injured Dion Prestia in that match. He was again dropped the following week, but played reserves football in the VFL.One week later, he returned with two goals in a round 5 win over  before notching his 100th AFL game in round 6's loss to . In early May, <mask> was punched in the face by a nightclub patron who he confronted for inappropriate behaviour to his girlfriend. <mask> faced no sanction from the league or the club for his part in the fight and he was medically cleared to play the following week despite suffering a cut to the face, going on to kick the match-winning goal in that round 9 victory over . Following a seven-disposal showing in round 10, <mask> was once again dropped from the first-choice senior side, but was used as the medical substitute in each of the following two matches. He was returned to the starting lineup for a single game in round 13, before being dropped to reserves level for an extended period. <mask> was trialed in a new role as a half-back during his stint at VFL level and was immediately impressive, earning elevation to the club's AFL backline in round 17 following a 26-disposal game in the VFL and an injury to veteran half-back Bachar Houli. <mask> grew well into the role over the final seven weeks of the season, playing in each match and recording 20 more disposals on three occasions.With the club failing to qualify for finals, <mask>'s season ended at the conclusion of the regular reason, having played 19 matches. Player profile
<mask> plays primarily as a rebounding half back. He is notable for his acceleration and sprint speed while carrying the ball out of defense. For the first five and a half seasons of this career, <mask> played as a defensive small forward and was lauded for his ability apply forward-half pressure and create turnovers among opposition defenders. Statistics
 Statistics are correct to the end of the 2021 season

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 17 || 18 || 13 || 6 || 86 || 97 || 183 || 45 || 57 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 4.8 || 5.4 || 10.2 || 2.5 || 3.2
|-
| scope=row bgcolor=F0E68C | 2017#
|
| 17 || 25 || 25 || 13 || 144 || 127 || 271 || 69 || 85 || 1.0 || 0.5 || 5.8 || 5.1 || 10.8 || 2.8 || 3.4
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2018
|
| 17 || 12 || 13 || 9 || 87 || 83 || 170 || 35 || 46 || 1.1 || 0.8 || 7.3 || 6.9 || 14.2 || 2.9 || 3.8
|-
| scope=row bgcolor=F0E68C | 2019#
|
| 17 || 22 || 17 || 19 || 138 || 124 || 262 || 62 || 61 || 0.8 || 0.9 || 6.3 || 5.6 || 11.9 || 2.8 || 2.8
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
| scope=row bgcolor=F0E68C | 2020#
|
| 17 || 18 || 12 || 3 || 102 || 94 || 196 || 47 || 57 || 0.7 || 0.2 || 5.7 || 5.2 || 10.9 || 2.6 || 3.2
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2021
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 17 || 19 || 9 || 6 || 120 || 127 || 247 || 54 || 46 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 6.3 || 6.7 || 13.0 || 2.8 || 2.4
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 114
! 89
! 56
! 677
! 652
!1329
! 312
! 352
! 0.8
! 0.5
! 5.9
! 5.7
!11.7
! 2.7
! 3.1
|}

Notes

Honours and achievements
Team
 3x AFL premiership player: 2017, 2019, 2020
 McClelland Trophy (): 2018

Individual
22under22 team: 2017
 AFL Goal of the Year: 2017
 AFL Rising Star nominee: 2016

Personal life
He is the fourth in the <mask> family to play in the AFL, following in the footsteps of uncles, Dean and Maurice and cousin Cyril. His older cousin <mask> joined the family's playing ranks when he debuted in 2018. He is also cousin to former Essendon player Michael Long. His younger brother Brayden is a member of 's Next Generation Academy, boarded at <mask>'s alma mater St Patrick's College in Ballarat and has represented the Northern Territory at AFL Under 16 Championships. Rioli lived with Richmond senior coach Damien Hardwick and his family for the first two years of his AFL career.In March 2018 he began dating Mia Fevola, the daughter of former  and  forward, Brendan Fevola. They announced their separation in February 2020. References

External links

<mask>'s statistics from Footy Wire

Living people
1997 births
Greater Western Victoria Rebels players
Richmond Football Club players
Richmond Football Club Premiership players
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
Australian rules footballers from the Northern Territory
St Mary's Football Club (NTFL) players
Tiwi Islands people
Rioli family
People educated at St Patrick's College, Ballarat
Three-time VFL/AFL Premiership players

masks:
Daniel Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Rioli
Willie Rioli
Daniel
Daniel Rioli


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<mask> (24 April 1770 – 27 November 1851) was a British jurist, barrister, writer and philanthropist. He was educated at Charterhouse and studied law at Cambridge. He was significantly involved in reforms to bankruptcy laws of Britain. He served as Accountant-General in Bankruptcy between 1835 and 1846. He was highly influenced by the writings of Francis Bacon. He was the son of <mask>, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and his mistress, singer Martha Ray. Life
He was the second illegitimate son of <mask> by Martha Ray; he was acknowledged by his father, and brought up at Hinchingbrooke, Huntingdonshire.He was educated at Charterhouse School and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1786, graduated B.A. (fifth wrangler) in 1790, and proceeded to obtain an M.A. in 1793. On 30 January 1789 he was admitted as a member of Gray's Inn, but continued to reside at Cambridge until 1795, when, having by a technical loophole lost the portion of inheritance intended for him by his father, he came to London to read for the bar. He was on intimate terms with Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, whose early enthusiasm for the ideas of the French Revolution he shared. In the autumn of 1797 he made a tour in the Midlands counties with William Godwin. He spent a week in Godwin's house in 1797, assisting the distraught Godwin, whose wife Mary Wollstonecraft was dying, following the birth of a daughter.He was called to the bar on 19 May 1798. By Sir James Mackintosh, whose acquaintance he soon afterwards made, and with whom he went the Norfolk circuit, he was converted to political moderation and the study of Francis Bacon. <mask> was also a friend of Samuel Parr. <mask> never became eminent as a pleader, but he gradually acquired a practice in chancery and bankruptcy; his leisure time he devoted to legal and literary work. Appointed by Lord Erskine, 1806–7, to a commissionership in bankruptcy, <mask> set himself to reform the bankruptcy law. He also founded in 1808 the Society for the Diffusion of Knowledge upon the Punishment of Death, with William Allen. In July 1825 he gave evidence before the chancery commission, and suggested a radical reform.In Trinity term 1835 <mask> was made K.C., and soon afterwards accountant-general in bankruptcy. His tenure of this office, which lasted until 1846, he established the liability of the Bank of England to pay interest on bankruptcy deposits. He was a member of the Athenæum Club, and his town house, 25 Bedford Square, was for many years a centre of reunion for London literary society. He was one of the most attentive listeners to Coleridge's monologues at Highgate. He died at Boulogne-sur-Mer on 27 November 1851. Founder Member of RSPCA
Along with Sir James Mackintosh, Thomas Fowell Buxton, William Wilberforce, Richard Martin MP and the Reverend Arthur Broome, <mask> attended a meeting on 16 June 1824 at Old Slaughter's Coffee House in St. Martin's Lane, London that created the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (in 1840 by royal assent from Queen Victoria it became the RSPCA). <mask> was one of eleven members that formed a sub-committee to "superintend the Publication of Tracts, Sermons, and similar modes of influencing public opinion" about the humane treatment of animals.<mask> Broome for many years before the SPCA was founded. In 1815 Broome dedicated his book Selections from the Works of Fuller and South, with Life and Character of Fuller to <mask>. Works
In 1801 <mask> published A Summary of the Law of Set Off, with an Appendix of Cases argued and determined in the Courts of Law and Equity upon that subject, London, on an intricate branch of the law; and between 1805 and 1807 compiled A Digest of the Bankrupt Laws, with a Collection of the Cases argued and determined in the Courts of Law and Equity upon that subject, London, 4 vols. In 1809 he published An Enquiry respecting the Expediency of Limiting the Creditor's power to refuse a Bankrupt's Certificate, London; in 1810 an Enquiry respecting the Mode of Issuing Commissions in Bankruptcy, London, a protest against the practice then in vogue of initiating bankruptcy proceedings by means of secret commissions; and in 1811 Enquiries respecting the Administration of Bankrupts' Estates by Assignees, London. He published in 1809 a volume of selections entitled The Opinions of different Authors upon the Punishment of Death, London; and in subsequent years a variety of pamphlets on the same topic. In 1813 appeared his Enquiries respecting the Proposed Alteration of the Law of Copyright as it affects Authors and Universities, London; in 1815 A Digest of the Law of Partnership, with a Collection of Cases decided in the Courts of Law and Equity, London, 2 vols; and in 1816 Enquiries respecting the Insolvent Debtors' Bill, with the Opinions of Dr. Paley, Mr. Burke, and Dr. Johnson upon Imprisonment for Debt, London. A Summary of the Law of Lien followed, and Suggestions respecting the Improvement of the Bankrupt Laws in 1821, London; Some Observations upon the Bill for the Improvement of the Bankrupt Laws in 1822, London; A Summary of the Law of Composition with Creditors in 1823, London; and A Digest of Pleading in Equity, with Notes of the Cases decided in different Courts of Equity upon that subject, in 1824, London, 2 vols.In 1825 he exposed the delay and expense involved in the existing bankruptcy procedure in Inquiries respecting the Courts of Commissioners of Bankrupts and Lord Chancellor's Court, London. In 1826 he edited The Evidence in Bankruptcy before the Chancery Commission, with the Report, London; and in 1826–7 published two Letters on the Report of the Chancery Commissioners to the Right Honourable Robert Peel, London. He also published in 1827 Observations upon the Act for Consolidating the Bankrupt Laws, London; Reform, London (a tract mainly relating to bankruptcy); and with Francis Gregg A Digest of the Bankrupt Laws as altered by the New Statutes, London, 2 vols. Letters on the Bankrupt Laws to Edward Burtenshaw Sugden, Esq. (Sugden was later Lord St. Leonards), followed in 1829; and in 1831 The New Bankrupt Court Act, arranged with a copious Index and Observations upon the Erroneous Principle on which it is Founded, London, 1831. In 1837 <mask> published, with Scrope Ayrton, The Law and Practice in Bankruptcy as altered by the New Statutes, Orders, and Decisions, London, 2 vols. ; 2nd edit.1844. <mask> also published several series of bankruptcy reports: with John Macarthur, London, 1830, 1832; with Scrope Ayrton, 1834–9, 3 vols. ; with Richard Bligh, 1835; with Edward Chitty, 1840; with Edward E. Deacon and John De Gex, 1842–5, 3 vols. To the Retrospective Review <mask> contributed in 1821 two articles on the Novum Organum of Francis Bacon, whose Works he edited, in 16 vols., between 1825 and 1837. He attempted to rehabilitate Bacon's character as a man. Thomas Babington Macaulay criticised <mask> in a celebrated Essay on Bacon, originally published in the Edinburgh Review for July 1837. In 1841 <mask> began the publication of Letters to the Right Hon.T. B. Macaulay upon the Review of the Life of Lord Bacon; only the first, however, dealing with Bacon's conduct in Peacham's case, appeared. <mask>'s edition was effectively superseded by James Spedding's work from 1860; he was assisted in it by Francis Wrangham and William Page Wood, who were responsible for the translations of the Latin treatises. <mask> also published a volume of Essays, mainly reprints, with An Outline of a Course of Lectures upon the Conduct of the Understanding, London, 1824; Thoughts on Laughter, London, 1830; Thoughts of Divines and Philosophers, London, 1832, (a volume of selections); Lectures delivered at the Mechanics' Institution upon the connexion between Knowledge and Happiness, London, 1832; Essays and Selections, London, 1837; and Thoughts on the Conduct of the Understanding, a fragment of an intended major work that he had on hand for thirty years, printed for private circulation, probably in 1847. <mask> published a long series of pamphlets denouncing the death penalty (1811–30), and two on the emancipation of the Jews (1833–34). Other works were:

 Enquiries and Observations respecting the University Library, Cambridge, 1805;
 Selections from the Works of Taylor, Hooker, Hall, and Lord Bacon, with an Analysis of the Advancement of Learning, London, 1805;
 An Examination of some Observations upon a passage in Dr. Paley's Moral Philosophy on the Punishment of Death, London, 1810;
 Some Enquiries into the Effects of Fermented Liquors, London, 1814;
 Some Thoughts upon Liberty, and the Rights of Englishmen, London, 1819;
 The Private Tutor, or Thoughts upon the Love of Excelling and the Love of Excellence, London, 1820;
 A Letter to the Right Hon. Charles, Lord Cottenham, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, on the Separation of the Judicial and Political Functions of the Lord Chancellor, London, 1836;
 Knowledge, Error, Prejudice, and Reform, London, 1836;
 Rules for the Construction of Statutes, Deeds, and Wills, London, 1836;
 Adam in Paradise, or a View of Man in his first State, London, 1837, a reprint of Robert South's sermon on Gen. i. 27;
 A Letter addressed to Charles Purton Cooper, Esq., Secretary to the Commissioners on the Public Records upon the Report of the recent Record Committee, London, 1837;
 The Law of Parliamentary Elections (with W. Johnson Neale), London, 1839;
 The Funerals of the Quakers, London, 1840;
 The Law and Practice upon Election Petitions before Committees of the House of Commons, London, 1840;
 Three Lectures on the Works of Lord Bacon (unknown date).<mask> married three times:
 On 4 September 1790, Caroline Matilda Want of Brampton, Huntingdonshire;
 at Glasgow, in 1801, Laura, eldest daughter of Sir William Beaumaris Rush of Roydon, Suffolk, and Wimbledon, Surrey;
 the widow of Thomas Skepper, lawyer, of York. He had by his first wife a son <mask>, mentioned in William Wordsworth's lines 'To my Sister' and 'Anecdote for Fathers'. By his second wife he had three sons; and two sons and a daughter by his third wife. All his children but two (his daughter and one of his sons by his third wife) died in his lifetime. His third wife, whose maiden name was Benson, was the daughter of a wine merchant of York, and in her youth had known Robert Burns (cf. his complimentary letter to her dated Dumfries, 21 March 1793, in his Correspondence). She in middle age fascinated Edward Irving, who gave her the sobriquet of "the noble lady".'Thomas Carlyle, introduced to her by Irving in 1824, corresponded with her; and during the earlier years of his residence in London was a frequent visitor at 25 Bedford Square. Carlyle was offended by an offer of a clerkship at £200 a year which <mask> made him in 1837. His early letters to her were printed for private circulation by her daughter by her first husband, Mrs Procter, soon after the publication of the 'Reminiscences' (see Bryan Waller Procter). A portrait of <mask> by Opie was lent by Bryan Waller Procter ("Barry Cornwall") to the third Loan Exhibition (No. 183). References

Attribution

External links
Biography from the Montague family history
Biography from Thoemmes Continuum

1770 births
1851 deaths
People educated at Charterhouse School
English barristers
Francis Bacon scholars
<mask>
English philanthropists
Younger sons of earls
Members of Gray's Inn
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
16th-century English lawyers

masks:
Basil Montagu
John Montagu
John Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagud
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Montagu
Family Montagu
Basil Caroline
Montagu
Montagu
Basil Montagu


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<mask> (born 6 January 1957) is a current member of the Election Commission of Malaysia and a former Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia. He is the 15th person to hold the post since the establishment of the Ministry in 1956. A career diplomat, <mask> was previously the country's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. His stint in New York coincided with Malaysia's membership to the United Nations Security Council, as one of its ten non-permanent members. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Penang, a state in the north of Malaysia, in 1957. He obtained a bachelor's degree from the National University of Malaysia (UKM), and a Masters in International Relations from Webster University. Career
<mask> entered the Administrative and Diplomatic Service of Malaysia in 1983.His first posting was as Second Secretary to the Embassy of Malaysia in Jakarta in 1988. Two years later, he was reassigned to the Embassy of Malaysia in the Netherlands, but as First Secretary. In 1994, <mask> returned to the headquarters and was assigned to the Europe Division. It was not long before the Ministry sent him on another posting - this time as the Chargé d'Affaires ad interim in the Embassy of Malaysia in Zagreb, Croatia. He returned three years later, in 2000, to become the Principal Assistant Secretary at the Division of South East Asia. The following year, <mask> was appointed as Deputy High Commissioner to Singapore. His first posting as Ambassador was to Bosnia Herzegovina, in 2004.When he returned to the Ministry in 2006, he was appointed as the Undersecretary of the Americas Division, before becoming Undersecretary of South East Asia Division in quick succession. In 2009, <mask> was again appointed Ambassador of Malaysia - this time to the Republic of Korea. His return from Korea in 2013 saw him heading the Bilateral Department, the second-highest post in the Malaysian foreign service. His services were needed elsewhere however, and in April 2015, <mask> was appointed as Malaysia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Malaysia was at the time a member of the Security Council, thus <mask> was also Malaysia's Permanent Representative in the Council, the highest decision-making organ of the United Nations. Malaysia became President of the Security Council twice, in April 2015 and August 2016. As Ambassador, <mask> presided over those meetings, only relinquishing the responsibility when the Deputy Prime Minister or Foreign Minister was in New York for the session.At the UNSC
<mask>'s first task upon taking up the post in New York in April 2015 was to preside over the much-vaunted UN Security Council. In fact, <mask>'s arrival to New York as Permanent Representative of Malaysia to the United Nations coincided with Malaysia's first tenure as President of the Security Council, in April 2015. At the Security Council, <mask> was also Chair of the Security Council's Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict, and held open debates on the subject on 18 June 2015 and 2 August 2016. UN Resolution 2225 on 'children and armed conflict' was adopted with a unanimous vote during Malaysia's Chairmanship in 2015. In the closing days of the Malaysia's tenure at the UN Security Council in December 2016, a draft resolution on the issue of Palestine was circulated. The draft condemned the illegal Israeli settlement in the Occupied Territories, and was tabled by Egypt, on behalf of other co-sponsors. When Egypt found itself "under immense pressure", Malaysia stepped in to ensure that the draft resolution was not derailed.Other co-sponsors - Senegal, Venezuela, and New Zealand - remained steadfast and the draft resolution was finally put to a vote on 23 December 2016. In a historic decision not seen in nearly 36 years, the UN Security Council managed to adopt the resolution (now known as United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334 with a vote of 14 in favour and one abstention (the United States). The adoption of Resolution 2334  is seen as a victory for Malaysia, and particularly for <mask>, who with the blessing of the Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak and Minister Anifah Aman, was able to canvas support for a non-veto resolution. As MFA Secretary General
<mask> was appointed as Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 1 January 2017 and received his letter of appointment from the Chief Secretary to the Government, Tan Sri Dr Ali Hamsa. Barely two months into his stewardship, Malaysia was plunged into a standoff with North Korea over the death of a North Korean citizen, rumored to be none other than Kim Jong-nam, the estranged brother of Kim Jong-il. <mask>'s skills a diplomat-negotiator, honed during Malaysia's tenure at the UN Security Council became invaluable and he was tasked with spearheading the negotiations to free the 11 Malaysians held captive by the Pyongyang regime. <mask> became the first top management officer at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia to establish his own Twitter account in line with his own vision of making the service more transparent and social media-friendly.He continues to remould the Ministry, introducing innovative advances to Malaysia's foreign service and encouraging ideas that will bring the Ministry into the digital age. Awards and honours
  :
  Commander of the Order of Meritorious Service (PJN) - Datuk (2017)
  :
  Knight Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah (DSDK) - Dato' (2008)
  :
  Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP) - Dato' Sri (2017)
  :
  Commander of the Order of the Defender of State (DGPN) - Datuk Seri (2017)
  :
 Honorary Citizen of Seoul (2012)

References

1957 births
Webster University alumni
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)
Living people
Commanders of the Order of Meritorious Service
Ambassadors of Malaysia to Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ambassadors of Malaysia to Croatia

masks:
Datuk Seri Ramlan bin Ibrahim
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