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<mask> (1816-1873) was an Irish Anglican  cleric who spent most of his adult life in England. He was famous for his hymns and sermons,  and also for missionary work with  his wife <mask>. Catherine founded several projects in his name in the twenty years after his death. Early life

He was born in Dublin, youngest son of the highly respected  High Court judge <mask>, and his wife Jane Bennet. His father came from a long established family of landowners in County Tipperary, while his mother was the daughter of another High Court judge, John Bennett. One of his uncles was <mask>, a distinguished barrister and judge. Among  his cousins was General Sir <mask>.He went to school first in Dublin, then to a private school at Westbury on Trym  near Bristol,  where he was nicknamed "the saintly boy". Due to his chronic ill-health he was then placed with a private tutor, Mr Stephens,  at Levens near Kendal, Cumbria. He entered Trinity College, Dublin  in 1834 but due to his constant health problems he did not matriculate  until 1840. Early career

He entered holy orders  in 1842. He became curate of Ballymacash, near Lisburn, in 1843 and of Mellifont the following year. During the Great Irish Famine he was noted for his charity to all those who lived in his parish, regardless of whether they were Catholics or Protestants. He then left Ireland, and spent the rest of his life working in England, mostly in or near London.In 1848 he was appointed vicar of Holy Trinity, Walton, near Aylesbury. This was a very difficult parish to work in as he had no vicarage and the income was small, but he is said to have gained the trust and respect of his parishioners. In 1852 he was transferred to Christ Church, Barnet, where he rapidly built up a considerable influence. For example, his parishioner Emma Robarts founded the Prayer Union, which decades later merged into the YWCA. His house in Barnet became a meeting place for evangelicals of all social classes and walks of life "from noblemen to farmers", and he began in 1856 a famous series of conferences on inter-denominational missionary work. Shortly before his arrival, the ancient village had been linked to central London by the opening of its railway station, making it easy to make and receive visits. There in 1860 he and his wife began to train deaconesses, a role similar to a nurse (not then a fully respectable occupation) and a social worker (then unknown).This became the Deaconess Institution, the first in the English-speaking world. When Florence Nightingale decided on a nursing career, she had to travel to Kaiserswerth to train with  the deaconesses. Mildmay

In 1864 the Pennefathers were transferred to St. Jude's Church, Mildmay Park; the annual assemblies became known as the Mildmay Conferences. Islington was undergoing great changes as Victorian housing sprawled over the ancient villages, and what had been built as desirable residences soon became overcrowded Dickensian slums. The Pennefathers rose to the occasion of the cholera epidemic of 1866, seeing it as an opportunity for domestic mission. The organisation he and his wife founded was the Mildmay Mission, judged "one of most influential home and overseas missionary organizations" in the country, "which led to founding of many other bodies". The Deaconess Institution trained well-educated young women in theory and practice for two years at Mildmay, before sending them to full-time careers in outlying missions in London or further afield.There were "About 200 deaconesses at any one time; [their] distinctive uniform allowed them to work in roughest areas unmolested." The uniforms had been designed by Elizabeth Baxter who had joined in 1866 and had then lead the institution for two years. In 1869 the Pennefathers built a large hall at Mildmay, to host the annual conferences and to serve as the centre for several missionary organisations. The Conference Hall, abutting the south side of Newington Green, had three stories and sat up to 3000 people. It was used throughout the week by 20 organisations, and on Sunday the services were led by different denominations. Up to 600 men attended its night school. Mildmay founded or nurtured organisations such as the Dorcas Society, a charitable sewing circle; Caroline Hanbury's initiative to distribute flowers to hospitals; an orphanage training girls for domestic service; Mildmay Lads' Institute, to keep boys out of trouble; Metropolitan Free Dormitory Association, a homeless shelter involving Lord Shaftesbury; children's services, stimulated by a visit from American evangelist Edward Payson Hammond.The Railway Mission and the Young Women's Christian Association were for a time headquartered at Mildmay Mission. Mrs Pennefather brought together the Working Girls' Institute (founded 1855) to form the YWCA. Later life and legacy

He continued to hold conferences on missionary work until his sudden death on 30 April 1873. This interdenominational initiative, and his evident piety, were precursors of the Keswick Convention. The leader of the Church Mission Society, Eugene Stock, called him "the George Mueller of the Church of England". He was remembered as one of the most influential mission preachers of his time. He was the author of numerous hymns, of which probably the best-known is "Jesus,  Stand Among Us".He  also published several books of sermons. The Mildmay Conference Hall was demolished in the 1940s; council housing was built on its site. Mildmay is an HIV charity which traces its roots back to Pennefather and his Church-sponsored hospital. Mildmay Mission Hospital  operates in London, with related work abroad. References

 Buckland, Augustus Richard     "<mask>efather"  Dictionary of National Biography 1885-1900  Vol. 44 p. 327
 Ball,  F. Elrington  The Judges in Ireland 1221-1921  London John Murray 1926

1816 births
1873 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
19th-century Anglican clergy
19th-century Irish writers
Christian clergy from Dublin (city)

masks:
William Pennefather
Catherine Pennefather
Richard Pennefather
Edward Pennefather
John Pennefather
William Penn


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<mask> (born March 1, 1970) is a best-selling American writer whose work has earned a number of awards, including, among numerous others, a Guggenheim Fellowship and the National Book Critics Circle Award. <mask>'s 2011 book Half a Life, won the 2011 NBCC Award for memoir/autobiography. His most recent book, The Queen of Tuesday, came out in August, 2020. It is currently nominated for the Joyce Carol Oates Literary Prize. Early life
<mask> was born in the Long Island town of Roslyn Harbor. He attended Tufts University, where he studied with Jay Cantor. After attending graduate school at New York University, he played guitar in a band with Jonathan Coulton

Career
His ALA Alex Award-winning, best-selling 2000 first novel Chang & Eng, – a runner-up for the Barnes & Noble Discover Award, the Literary Lions Award, a Borders Award winner, and a nominee for the PEN Hemingway award, among others – is based on the lives of the famous conjoined twins Chang and Eng.Chang & Eng was a Los Angeles Times Best Book of the Year, a Newsweek Best Book of the Year, among others. The rights to the novel were optioned to Disney, for the director Julie Taymor; the actor Gary Oldman purchased the rights from Disney. <mask> and Oldman are together adapting Chang and Eng for the screen. <mask>'s second book, The Real McCoy (2002), was based on the life of the boxer Charles "Kid McCoy." "The Real McCoy" was named a New York Times Notable Book,"  and one of the "25 Best Books of the Year," by the New York Public Library. It was after this novel that <mask> won a Guggenheim Fellowship in Fiction Writing. <mask>'s third novel, More Than It Hurts You, his first in a contemporary setting, was published by PenguinPutnam in 2008.The book made a number of year-end best-book lists, and was also a national bestseller—reaching as high as No. 3 on both the Denver Post and Rocky Mountain News lists, and No. 6 on the New York Post list, in July 2008. Publicity for the book was strong, and <mask> blogged about his extensive book-tour for Newsweek, and was featured on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson and Good Morning America. He appeared on This American Life in a July 2008 episode titled "Life After Death," in which he talks about the effects of a traffic accident during high school, in which a classmate on a bicycle swerved in front of his car, and was killed. Although he could not have avoided the accident, and was not at fault, he still felt guilty, and it affected him for decades. His next book, Half a Life is a memoir concerning that traffic accident; it was published by McSweeney's in September 2010, and was excerpted in GQ magazine, and This American Life, and also in The Times and The Daily Mail (UK).Half a Life was named an Entertainment Weekly Must Read and a The New York Times Editor's Pick—and a Best Book of the Year by NPR, Amazon.com, The Plain Dealer, and The San Francisco Chronicle, among many others. A critical favorite in the UK, Half a Life was called "a masterpiece" by Robert McCrum in The Guardian, "one of the best books I have ever read" by Ali Catterall on The BBC, as well as "precise, elegantly written, fresh, wise, and very sad ... indicative not only of a very talented writer, but of a proper human being" by Nick Hornby. Half a Life won the 2011 National Book Critics Circle Award (Autobiography). His most recent book, The Queen of Tuesday, is a hybrid of fiction, biography, and memoir, focused around an imagined love-affair between the author's grandfather and Lucille Ball. Another critical success, it has received favorable reviews in The New York Times , The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, the New Yorker, the Los Angeles Times, among many others. In "New Pop Lit," Karl Wenclas wrote,  "If <mask> <mask> isn't the best contemporary American writer, he's near the top...No one could write a better book!". On NBC News, Bill Goldstein said "I love this book...Brilliant." Critical reception
<mask> has been called "a brave new voice in literature" by The Wall Street Journal, and "one of the most sharp and spirited of his generation," by Powells Books, "sublime" and "brilliant" by The Boston Globe. Personal life
<mask> is married to the journalist Susannah Meadows, who writes a monthly Newly Released Books column for The New York Times''' daily Arts Section. He is the father of identical twin boys. He currently resides in Brooklyn, New York, and teaches writing at New York University. 11)''

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
21st-century American memoirists
People from Roslyn Harbor, New York
Novelists from New York (state)
Tufts University alumni
21st-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
Darin Strauss
Strauss
Strauss
Strauss
Strauss
Strauss
Strauss
Strauss
Darin
Strauss
Strauss
Strauss


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<mask>, FSA (5 April 1949 – 10 February 2017), was an art historian and a leading authority on gold boxes. Biography

Early years
Born at Stratton Audley in Oxfordshire, "Charlie", as he was widely known in the art world, was the son of <mask> and <mask> (née Harris). His father was a solicitor as was his father before him. He attended Marlborough College and then after a summer course at Indiana University embarked upon a degree in law at the University of Kent. Career
Although expected to follow in his father's footsteps, <mask> chose to forge a very different career in the art world. He soon abandoned his studies at Kent and thanks to an inheritance from his maternal grandfather, was able to enrol for an internship in the Department of Furniture and Woodwork at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1969. In 1971, he transferred to the Department of Metalwork.He was subsequently appointed Assistant Keeper in the Department of Ceramics in 1977. In 1984, he was headhunted by Christie's to run the firm's London Silver Department, together with the Russian Department and the Department of Objects of Vertu. He was appointed a director of Christie's, and of Christie's Education the following year. Amongst the great pieces which passed through his hands was the Portland Gold Font, 1797–8, from the workshop of Paul Storr, now in the British Museum. In 1991 he moved to run the Antiques Department at Asprey before establishing himself as an independent dealer. One very pivotal moment in his career while at Asprey's was his negotiating the sale of the silver frames of three crowns once worn by British sovereigns. They are now on display at the Tower of London.With the antique dealer Lucy Burniston he set up the firm of C. & L. Burman (Works of Art) Ltd in 2000 as an antique dealership and art consultancy. Until its dissolution in 2010, the firm exhibited at the Grosvenor House, Olympia and BADA fairs in London, and at antiques fairs in New York and Palm Beach. At the time of his death <mask> was working as an independent dealer and consultant for works of art, particularly in silver and gold, advising private collectors, museums and heritage groups. His special areas of expertise were gold boxes, Renaissance jewellery, French porcelain and also glass,

<mask> was formerly chairman of the British Antique Dealers' Association, a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, a Liveryman of the Goldsmiths’ Company, a former member of the Antique Plate Committee of the Goldsmiths' Company, a past chairman of the Silver Society, and a member of the French Porcelain Society, the Glass Circle, the Furniture History Society and the Society of Jewellery Historians. Private life
He married Laura Green in 1984. Honours
<mask> was appointed a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths. Writings
His contribution to the literature of decorative art history was substantial.He published on precious metalwork from early on in his career, acknowledging his debt of gratitude to the pioneering works of Kenneth Snowman on Fabergé and on gold boxes. By the age of twenty-six <mask> himself was already becoming an authority on gold boxes, contributing significantly to the book The James A. de Rothschild Collection: Gold Boxes and Miniatures (1975). His article "Reinhold Vasters, The Last of the Goldsmiths", published in Connoisseur in March 1979, dealing with fake Renaissance jewellery and works of art by the Aachen maker, reflected an important area of concern in his work as scholar and later as dealer. With Anna Somers Cocks, he co-authored The Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection: Renaissance Jewellery, Gold Boxes and Objets de Vertu (London, 1984). The first volume of his book The Gilbert Collection of Gold Boxes, was published in 1991 by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). His edition of The Sotheby's Concise Encyclopaedia of Silver came out soon after in 1993. The second volume of The Gilbert Collection of Gold Boxes was published in London in 1999, the year before the Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection as a whole went on display at Somerset House in London.His catalogue of the Renaissance jewellery in the Robert Lehman Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, was published in 2012, and his catalogue raisonné of the gold boxes at the Wallace Collection, London, in 2013. Bibliography

Works of art history
Books by <mask>, or works to which he contributed<p>
1972-3
 Encyclopædia Britannica: several micro entries
1975
 With Serge Grandjean, Kirsten Aschengreen Piacenti and Anthony Blunt, The James A. de Rothschild Collection at Waddesdon Manor: Gold Boxes and Miniatures of the Eighteenth Century. Fribourg: Office du Livre (for the National Trust), 1975
1977
 French Gold Boxes. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, Small Colour Book 16, 1977
1981
 Princely Magnificence: Court Jewels of the Renaissance, 1500–1630, exh. cat. Victoria and Albert Museum: 14 entries. London: Debrett's Peerage, 1981   (main)
1982
 "Vivant Denon and the Sèvres Egyptian Service" in The Sèvres Egyptian Service 1810–12.Catalogue compiled by <mask>. Book published to accompany an exhibition held at the Wellington Museum, Apsley House, of the Sèvres Egyptian Service, commissioned by Napoleon and in 1818 donated (after Napoleon's downfall) by the King of France to the Duke of Wellington. London: H.M.S.O. ( V & A Album, No. 1), 1982
1984
 Snodin, Michael (ed.) Rococo: Art and Design in Hogarth’s England, exh. cat., 18 entries.London: Trefoil, 1984
 With Anna Somers Cocks (gen. ed. Simon de Pury), The Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection: Renaissance Jewels, Gold Boxes and Objets de Vertu. London: Sotheby Publications, 1984
 An Introduction to English Glassware to 1900. London: H.M.S.O. (V & A Introductions to the Decorative Arts), 1984
1989
 With preface by Philippa Glanville, The Glory of the Goldsmith: Magnificent Gold and Silver from the Al-Tajir Collection. London: Christie, Manson & Woods, 1989
1991
 The Gilbert Collection of Gold Boxes. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1991
 "Silver" in Battie, David (ed.)The Encyclopaedia of Antiques: An Illustrated Guide to the World of Collecting. Leicestershire: Acropolis Books, 1991
1992
 "The Company’s Plate" in Archer, Ian W., A History of the Haberdashers' Company. Chichester: Phillimore & Co Ltd, 1992
 Meissen through Three Centuries exh. cat., London: Asprey, 1992
1993
 Ed. Sotheby's Concise Encyclopaedia of Silver. London: Conran Octopus Books, 1993  ; paperback, 1996  )
1999
 With Melissa Larner, The Gilbert Collection of Gold Boxes (vol. 2).London: Philip Wilson Publishing, 1999
2005
 "Rundell's and Their Gold Box Suppliers" in Hartop, Christopher  (ed. ), Royal Goldsmiths, The Art of Rundell and Bridge, 1797-1843. Cambridge: John Adamson, 2005
2009
"Some German Gold Boxes in the Wallace Collection" in Annual Handbook. London: British Antique Dealers' Association, 2009/10
2012
 "Jewelry and Precious Objects" in Decorative Arts in the Robert Lehman Collection (vol. XV), New York: Metropolitan Museum, 2012   (main); Princeton University Press, 2012 , pp. 95–152
2013
 With contributions from Seoyoung Kim and Rebecca Wallis, The Wallace Collection Catalogue of Gold Boxes. London: Wallace Collection, 2013

Essays and reviews
 "Three Centuries of Continental Silver" Apollo, no.187, June 1977, pp. 428–32
 "The Master of the Easter Egg - Carl Fabergé" Apollo, July 1977
 "Reinhold Vasters — 'the last of the goldsmiths'?" Connoisseur, vol. 200, no. 805, March 1979, pp. 154-61
 "Emperor, King and Duke - The Sèvres Egyptian Service acquired for the Nation" Connoisseur, vol. 202, no.813, November 1979, pp. 148–55
 "A St. Cloud Nécessaire de voyage circa 1750" Connoisseur, vol. 203, no. 818, April 1980: pp.

masks:
Charles Henry Truman
Edward Kenneth Truman
Dorothy Mary Truman
Truman
Truman
Truman
Charles Truman
Truman
Charles Truman
Charles Truman


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<mask> (born <mask>, April 16, 1953, in Zurich, Switzerland) is a Swiss singer-songwriter, composer, and record producer. He first achieved international success in 1986, as the singer and front man of the group Double with the hit single, "The Captain of Her Heart". Biography
<mask> was born in Zurich, Switzerland, as the only child of Arnold and Babette Meier. His father's family emigrated to France when Arnold was four years old. During World War II, his father returned to Switzerland, where he met Babette, a daughter of a locomotive driver, and married her. Her family was very musical; each played an instrument and performed at house concerts. When Meier was born, Babette used to play the mandolin and sing and dance for him, and later, when he started to play the guitar, jammed along with her.The early days
At school, Meier was part of several bands that performed in local competition festivals, playing covers from The Beatles to Cream. From 1969 to 1972, he attended the Swiss Business School, but, after receiving his degree, chose a career as a conceptual artist and painter. He exhibited his works at local galleries in Zurich and founded, along with three artist friends, the performance group MAEZ. At his own gallery openings, <mask>, who changed his name to <mask> in 1975, always played the electric guitar. The solo performances metamorphosed into a band, including two other members of MAEZ. But Troppo, true to its name, grew to a nine-piece fusion art-punk band, influenced mainly by the New York Dolls and Funkadelic. After its first show at the Rote Fabrik in 1976, Troppo became a cult act in Switzerland in the mid to late 1970s.In 1979, <mask> released his first 7" single, "Giant Lady/Kontiki" on the new wave label, Forum Records. A year later, he teamed up with publisher Peter Zumsteg and released a hybrid format vinyl record with the title Luna, Luna + 7 Notorious Maloo Homeworks. On the A-side was one song spinning at 45 rpm and on the B-side, seven more at 33 rpm. The A-side song was a studio recording, while the B-side was recorded at home on his Revox B-77, using the ping-pong technique to simulate multitrack recording. Ping Pong
He continued to play solo concerts until he met Felix Haug, later the other half of Double. Haug used to play drums with the Swiss techno band Yello. He joined Maloo and, with the addition of a bass player, they formed the trio, Ping Pong.With the help of publisher Peter Zumsteg, they got the chance to record four songs at the Roxy Music studio with guitarist Phil Manzanera as producer, but the tracks never got released. When they signed with Teldec's label Big Mouth, they re-recorded the tracks together with new material for their album From Exile (1982). The band played in numerous European festivals, including the renowned Montreux Jazz Festival. Double
In 1983, <mask> and Felix Haug decided to make a go of it as a duo. As Double, they released three 12" maxi singles—"Naningo" (1983), "Rangoon Moon" and "Woman of the World" (1984)—before they had a chance to record their first album. The black-and-white music video for "Rangoon Moon" became a cult clip in Europe and received airplay on VH1 in the United States. Two years later, Double became known worldwide with their first hit single, "The Captain of Her Heart" from their first album, Blue, a best-seller that has been released in more than fifty countries.In 1987, <mask> and Felix Haug recorded their second and last album, Dou3le, visualized best in the performance of the legendary Swiss mime group Mummenschanz in the award-winning music video for their song "Devils Ball", featuring Herb Alpert on trumpet. Double started to work on a third album in late 1988, but, due to artistic differences, disbanded a few months later. Solo career
<mask> continued his career solo again and released, under his own name, Single (1990), Soul & Echo (1995), Loopy Avenue (2006), Summer of Better Times (2009) and "What About (2014)". Since 2007, he has been performing with his own band and played several concerts and festivals, including NuNote Lounge Fest in Moscow. Personal life
In 1986, <mask> met his future wife, Anja Muller, a fashion model from Hamburg, Germany. Together, they moved to Paris, France, where they lived for seven years and where their daughter was born in 1991. They then relocated to Hamburg, Muller's hometown, where their son was born in 1994 and where they still live.Hot Love: Swiss Punk & Wave 1976–1980. Edition Patrick Frey, 2007. Michaels, Randolph. Flashbacks to Happiness: Eighties Music Revisited. iUniverse, 2005. Blythe, Daniel. The Encyclopaedia of Classic 80s Pop.Allison & Busby, 2005. Whitburn, Joel. Top Pop Singles 1955–1999. Record Research, 2001. Whitburn, Joel. The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits. Billboard Books, 2004.<mask>, <mask>. The Captain Of Her Heart's Log. BookBaby, 2013. External links

 <mask> on facebook
 <mask> on Myspace
 <mask> on Flickr

1953 births
Swiss male singers
English-language singers from Switzerland
Living people

masks:
Kurt Maloo
Kurt Meier
Kurt Meier
Kurt Meier
Kurt Maloo
Kurt Maloo
Kurt Maloo
Kurt Maloo
Maloo
Maloo
Maloo
Kurt
Kurt Maloo
Kurt Maloo
Kurt Maloo


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<mask> (born March 21, 1953) is an American sociologist. His studies and work focus upon social change in Africa and social movements within the Muslim world. He has written about his experiences with the Muslim community in Sudan. <mask> is a professor and an associate director of graduate studies at Ohio University. He works within the School for Media Arts and Studies in the Scripps College of Communications. Early life
<mask> was born on March 21, 1953, to parents William S. and <mask> in Boston, Massachusetts. He began his career in education studying International Relations at Georgetown University in Washington DC.During his senior year he was invited to join the Peace Corps and, after graduating, traveled to Chad. After working in high schools in rural Chad, he returned to the United States and pursued graduate studies at Michigan State University. He graduated with a master's degree and PhD in Sociology and African Studies. He conducted his PhD research in Sudan, where he wrote about the Republican Brotherhood. His dissertation was "Social Strategies in Petty Production: Three Small Scale Industries in Urban Sudan")
He was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship. Career
Following his graduation from Michigan State University, <mask> left for Sudan in 1982. There, he joined the Republican Brotherhood, a group of men and women who hold a more progressive view of Islam.Their leader, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha, built a community around the Brotherhood and accepted <mask> into the group after his request to explore their community's beliefs. Unlike many Sufi groups in Sudan, the Brotherhood did not have formal initiation and <mask> was encouraged to spend as much time as possible with the group. Taha dedicated the group's focus to understanding the Quran and Islamic tradition as well as promoting positive change. What set Taha and the group apart was largely their belief that the Quran's texts should be adapted to modern times. As a result of this belief, the brotherhood came under heavy pressure. Taha was arrested multiple times. He advocated for women's rights to participate in the same Islamic activities as men, both within society and religiously.The Brotherhood participated in demonstrations on issues that sought a more inclusive sense of community amongst Muslims. The intense bond within the brotherhood sparked <mask>'s initial interest in joining the group. In his memoir, Modern Muslims, <mask> says, "I chose this group more on the basis of my rapid inclusion in the group initially than, I would have to admit, on being convinced of the power or veracity of its message." <mask> describes the hours the group spent together as overwhelming at times, to a point where he eventually asked Taha for more time to himself. Taha granted him this and <mask> writes, "Eventually, I managed to find a way to 'do my own thing' while enjoying and learning from everyone's company". The group's beliefs isolated them from the majority of Sudan and made them a government target. Toward the end of his time there, a larger portion of the Brotherhood's members were arrested.Shortly after, <mask> was able to use his status as a Fulbright Scholar to meet with U.S. Ambassador Hume Horan and speak on behalf of the Brotherhood. By mid-December 1984, shortly after <mask> left Sudan, the Brotherhood members were suddenly released from prison. Their leader Taha, however, was arrested and brought to trial on January 5, 1985 for distributing pamphlets calling for an end to Sharia law, which he believed needed to adapt to modern times. After refusing to recognize the legitimacy of the court under Sharia law, Taha was sentenced to death the following day. On the final page of his memoir, <mask> acknowledges Taha and the Brotherhood's powerful influence on his life as he writes, "My teachers have been my brothers and sisters, all of them always ready to push me to the next level." Women's rights
<mask> covered the Islamic effort to extend women's rights in Sudan in Modern Muslims.He explains that one of Taha's chief goals for the Brotherhood was "women's full participation in all of Islam's obligations". Traditionally in Sudan, women are kept separate from men during religious ceremonies, in-line with traditional practice. For example, women were allowed to be with men during the burial of Am Fadl, an action which "provoke[d] a small group of men...non-Republicans who had been preparing the burial site". <mask> explains the group's goal was to "evolve sharia" so as to give women an equal say in Islamic society and law. According to Ikhlas Himlet "there was never a religious society for women before the Republican community". In a talk at Ohio University, <mask> discussed the scandal rocking Omdurman-based Ahfad University for Women, wherein the school's headmaster was caught on video beating a student during protests. The incident spread through social media, leading to disciplinary actions against the official, a pattern of events that <mask> describes as similar to #MeToo.<mask> is one of the only Western academics to study these social developments in Sudan, and one of the few to cover Islamic gender equality movements in Africa. Ohio University
<mask> currently teaches at Ohio University School of Media Arts and Studies, in the Scripps College of Communication. He studies  research methods/field methods in Africa; participatory research methods, Islam in Africa and Communication in the Muslim World. He is Director of International Studies. He serves as Director of the National Resource Center for African Language and Area Studies, 1 of 10 in the nation. In 2010 he received the African Students Union's "African Hero Award". Publications

1990s
 <mask>, W.S., "Participation and Development," Communication and Development, 1995.<mask>, W. S., editor and author, lead article, Democracy and Education. "Knowing Democracy: Teachers, Schools and Global Transformation." 1997, p. 2. <mask>, W. S. and Harold Herman, co-editors, Democracy and Education "Coping with Rapid Change: focus on South Africa's Teachers 1998. <mask>, W. S. book review, War and Drought in Sudan by E. Eltigani, MESA Bulletin #33, 1999, pp 89-90. <mask>, W. S., "Introduction," in Retold Tales from Northern Sudan, by Ali Lotfi, Interlink Press, 1999, pp ix-xv. 2000s
 <mask>, W. S., "World Traveler," Democracy and Education, v. 13, #4.2000. <mask>, W. S., "Human Rights Everyday: Sudanese Possibilities," Bulletin of the Center for Advanced Study in International Development. East Lansing, Fall 2000, pp 68–72. <mask>, W. S., "A Possibility of Inclusion," Democracy and Education, v. 14, #1, 2001. <mask>, W. S., "Sudanese Brotherhoods," in Stephen Glazier, ed., Encyclopedia of African and African American Religion. Berkshire Press, 2001, pp 330–334. <mask>, W. S., "Chalk and Dust: Teachers Lives in Rural Sudan," in Bowen and Early, eds.Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East, 2nd edition, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2002, pp 189–198. <mask>, W. S., "Making Childhood Possible: Education and Health for Africa's Children," 2002, Institute for the African Child Working Papers Series #1, Athens. <mask>, W.S., War and Slavery in Sudan by Jok Madut Jok, book review, Middle East Journal, January 2002. <mask>, W. S., "Mahmoud Mohammed Taha," in Lobban, et al. eds., Historical Dictionary of the Sudan. Scarecrow Press, 2002, pp 287–288. <mask>, W. S., "Republican Brotherhood," in Lobban, et al., eds.Historical Dictionary of the Sudan. Scarecrow Press, 2002, pp 336–338. <mask>, W. S., "Transformational Leadership in Islam: Mahmoud Mohammed Taha and the Possibilities of Faith," Kultur, 2002, Islamic University of Indonesia. <mask>, W. S., "Transforming Islamic Society: Mahmoud Mohammed Taha and the Republican Brotherhood," Fall 2003, Journal for Islamic Studies. <mask>, W. S., "Ethnography and Exile" 2003, UWC Papers in Education, Cape Town. <mask>, W. S., "The Possibilities of African Leadership: Children and HIV/AIDS, What shall we do?" 2003 in Singhal and <mask>, eds.The Children of Africa Cope with AIDS: Challenges and Possibilities. Ohio University Press. <mask>, Stephen, "Africa Moves," review of Mobile Africa, H-Africa, H-Net Reviews, September 2003. <mask>, W. Stephen, "Children and the Five Pillars: How Islam Is Learned," 2004. Democracy and Education, v. 15, #1. 2010s
 <mask>, <mask>, editor, African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, v. 2 #2, Fall 2012. Indiana University Press.<mask>, <mask>, "Children and Youth," Oxford Annotated Bibliographies of African Studies, 2013. Career
 1975–1977: Peace Corps, Volunteer Secondary School teacher. 1981–1984: University of Khartoum, Sudan, Research Assistant. 1984–1985: Kalamazoo College and Michigan State University, Visiting Instructor, Department of Sociology. 1986–2003: Ohio University Department of Educational Studies
 1988–1989: University of Gezira, Sudan, Visiting Lecturer, Department of Rural Development. 1991: Ngwane College, Swaziland, Visiting Lecturer, Department of Education. 1991–2015: Ohio University African Studies Program
 1997: University of the Western Cape, South Africa, Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Comparative Education.2014–2016: Director, Center for International Studies, Ohio University. 2017–2018: Visiting Professor, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman Sudan. Bibliography
Modern Muslims: A Sudan Memoir (2016)

Awards
 1981: Fulbright-Hays Dissertation Research Abroad Award
 1988: Fulbright-Hays Senior Scholar Award
 1990: Center for Arabic Study Abroad Faculty Fellow, American University in Cairo
 1994: named Ahenemahene, Chief of the Children, Ahansua, Ghana
 1995: Baker Research Award, Ohio University
 1996: Office of African Studies, American University in Cairo, Research Fellow
 2001: Ohio University Division of Student Affairs, Faculty Contribution Award
 2002: nominated for Presidential Research Scholar Award, Ohio University
 2006: Fulbright Senior Scholar Award- Nigeria
 2009: "African Hero Award," Ohio University African Students Union
 2009: Presidential Award, from the President of Somalia, for service to community

References

1953 births
Living people
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
20th-century social scientists
21st-century social scientists
American Africanists
American expatriates in Sudan
American Muslims
American sociologists
Georgetown University alumni
Michigan State University alumni
Ohio University faculty
Peace Corps volunteers
Writers from Boston

masks:
William Stephen Howard
Howard
Steve Howard
Elizabeth Howard
Steve Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Steve Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Steve
Howard
Steve


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<mask> (; 27 June 1950 – 17 April 2003) was a liberal Russian politician. He was assassinated on 17 April 2003, just hours after registering his political party to participate in the December 2003 parliamentary elections. Political career
Yushenkov was an elected member of all Russian Parliaments from 1989 to 2003. During the Soviet coup attempt of 1991, he organized the "living chain" of civilians who came to protect their Parliament in Moscow, and he successfully negotiated with military personnel sent to storm the building. As a person with a military background, Yushenkov was the strongest proponent of reform in the Russian Army, and he campaigned tirelessly to abolish  conscription, reduce the size of the Army, and protect all rights of  military personnel who suffered from abuse and dedovshchina. Yushenkov was a prominent critic of the First and Second Chechen Wars. He argued that Russian Army operates in Chechnya (a part of Russia) illegally.His political party, Liberal Russia, was officially formed on October 22, 2002. The other initial organizers of this party before its registration were Vladimir Golovlyov, Viktor Pokhmelkin, and controversial businessman Boris Berezovsky. Vladimir Golovlyov was assassinated on 21 August 2002 (his killers were never found), and Boris Berezovsky was expelled, presumably on the request of State authorities who refused to register the party, and possibly due to tensions between the initial organizers of the party. Investigation of Russian apartment bombings
<mask> was vice chairman of the <mask>v commission formed to investigate the Russian apartment bombings, and his views that the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) had orchestrated the bombings to generate public support for the Chechen War were similar to those of journalist David Satter, a Johns Hopkins University and Hoover Institute scholar. During his visit to the United States in April 2002, Yushenkov described a secret order issued by Boris Yeltsin to initiate the Second Chechen War, according to Alexander Goldfarb The order was issued in response to a demand from 24 Russian governors that the then-unpopular Yeltsin should transfer all state powers to Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Yeltsin's order was dated September 23, 1999, the same day that FSB operatives were caught red-handed while planting a bomb in an apartment complex in the city of Ryazan (after which the sequence of bombings in several Russian cities suddenly stopped). The next day, Vladimir Putin began the military campaign in Chechnya.According to Yushenkov, Putin's rise to power represented a successful coup d'état organized by the FSB. On 5 March 2002, Yushenkov flew to the premier of the documentary film Assassination of Russia in London. The film described Russian apartment bombings as a terrorism act committed by Russian state security services. He announced that his party Liberal Russia is going to distribute copies of the film around the country to demonstrate "how the secret services deceived Russian citizens". Although some copies were confiscated by Russian Customs, tens of thousands of copies of the film were smuggled and distributed in Russia. Investigation of Moscow theatre hostage crisis
Yushenkov also investigated the alleged involvement of the FSB in staging the Moscow theatre hostage crisis through their agent provocateur Khanpash Terkibaev, the only hostage taker who left the theater alive and allegedly guided the terrorists to the theater. In the beginning of April 2003 former FSB Aleksander Litvinenko gave information about Terkibaev ("the Terkibaev file") to <mask>v when he visited London.Yushenkov passed this file to Anna Politkovskaya. A few days later Yushenkov was assassinated. Terkibaev was killed later in a car crash in Chechnya. While flying south in September 2004 to help negotiate with those who had taken over a thousand hostages in a school in Beslan (North Ossetia), Politkovskaya fell violently ill and lost consciousness after drinking tea. She had reportedly been poisoned, with some accusing the former Soviet secret police poison facility. Assassination
<mask>v was shot dead near his house in Moscow on 17 April 2003, just hours after finally obtaining the registrations needed for his Liberal Russia party to participate in the December 2003 parliamentary elections in 55 regions. His last known public utterance was "Registration has been completed." .Mikhail Trepashkin believed that Yushenkov was murdered because he was a leader of an opposition party that openly challenged the power of the FSB and Russian authorities. Moreover, Yushenkov promised voters an independent investigation of the Russian apartment bombings as a key issue of his election campaign (an interview of Trepashkin can be seen in director Andrei Nekrasov's documentary "Disbelief", Google Video). Just before his death, <mask>v received threats from a high-ranking FSB general, Aleksander Mikhailov, according to Grigory Pasko. Investigation
Four people have been convicted during a controversial trial for the murder of <mask>v and are currently serving prison sentences. Most prominent among them is Mikhail Kodanev, a former co-chairman of the Liberal Russia party organized by Yushenkov himself. During the trial, Mikhail Kodanev strenuously claimed to be innocent. He later tried to commit suicide and was placed in the FSB's special Lefortovo prison.According to attorney Henry Reznick, Kodanev was convicted solely on the basis of the false testimony of another convicted suspect (Alexander Vinnik) who made a series of contradictory statements, including claims that Yushenkov was killed by the government. Critics also insisted that the political murders of two chairmen of the Liberal Russia party should have been considered as the same case in the court, which would make it clear that some of the suspects were wrongly accused. Some observers noted that Kodanev was relatively unknown in Russian politics until he was named to Yushenkov's party by Boris Berezovsky, ostensibly to make a mockery of Vladimir Putin (Kodanev was nicknamed "Putin" because he looks very much like the President). Some Russian media claimed that it was Boris Berezovsky who organized the murder of <mask>v through his agent Mikhail Kodanev. Former FSB officer Aleksander Litvinenko suggested that <mask>v had been killed because he knew that FSB organized the Moscow theatre hostage crisis, consistent with a previous report by journalist Anna Politkovskaya.

masks:
Sergei Nikolayevich Yushenkov
Yushenkov
Sergei Kovalyo
Sergei Yushenko
Sergei Yushenko
Sergei Yushenko
Sergei Yushenko
Sergei Yushenko
Sergei Yushenko


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<mask> (born 15 December 1980) is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens, serving as Federal Minister for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth in the cabinet of Chancellor Olaf Scholz since 8 December 2021. In 2021, Spiegel served as Deputy Minister-President and Minister for Climate Protection, Environment, Mobility, Energy and Forests in the state government of Rhineland-Palatinate. Previously, she was Minister for Family, Women, Youth, Integration and Consumer Protection in the second cabinet of Minister-President Malu Dreyer from 2016 to 2021. She was a prominent youth leader in Germany during the 2000s. <mask> was first elected to the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate in the 2011 state election, and re-elected in 2016. She was the lead candidate for the Greens in the 2021 Rhineland-Palatinate state election. Early life and career
Spiegel has Italian ancestry; among others, her maternal grandmother is from Sicily.Spiegel grew up in Speyer and Ludwigshafen, and attended the Albert Schweitzer elementary school, passing her Abitur in 2000 at the Heinrich Böll grammar school. She then studied politics, philosophy and psychology in Darmstadt, Mainz, Mannheim, and Salamanca until 2007. In spring 2007, she graduated as Master of Arts from the University of Mainz with a major in political science and minors in philosophy and psychology. Spiegel then worked as a language teacher at Berlitz in Mainz, Mannheim, and Heidelberg from 2008 to 2010. Political career

Early beginnings
Spiegel was a member of the board of the Green Youth of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1999 to 2002, including two years as board spokeswoman. She then served on the federal board of the Green Youth until 2004. In 2005, Spiegel became the first German youth delegate to the United Nations.In autumn 2005 she represented young people in Germany at the United Nations General Assembly, where she also met the then-Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan. Career in state politics
In the 2006 Rhineland-Palatinate state election, <mask> was the Greens candidate in the constituency of Ludwigshafen am Rhein II, and #7 on the party list. The party fell short of the 5% electoral threshold and failed to win any seats. In the 2011 state election, <mask> was the Greens candidate in the constituency of Speyer. She won 17.1% of votes, placing third behind the CDU and SPD candidates. She was third on the party list and was comfortably elected as one of the 18 Greens deputies, becoming deputy leader of the party's parliamentary group in the new Landtag. She served as spokesperson for women, integration, migration, and refugee policy.From 2014 to 2016, Spiegel also served on the Speyer city council. In the 2016 state election, Spiegel was again the Greens' candidate in Speyer, this time winning 10.4% of votes. She was again elected third on the party list. After the Greens entered a coalition government with the Social Democratic Party and Free Democratic Party, <mask> became Minister for Family, Women, Youth, Integration and Consumer Protection in the second Dreyer cabinet. She resigned from the Landtag to join the cabinet and was succeeded by Pia Schellhammer. As one of the state’s representatives at the Bundesrat, Spiegel is a member of the Committee on Agricultural Policy and Consumer Protection, the Committee on the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, the Committee on Economic Affairs, and the Committee on Transport. She is also a member of the German-French Friendship Group set up by the German Bundesrat and the French Senate.As State Minister for Families, <mask> continued the work of her predecessor Irene Alt in advocating for marriage equality, campaigning for a vote in the Bundestag on the issue. In November 2016, she wrote a protest letter from the Bundesrat to Norbert Lammert, then President of the Bundestag. The initiative undertaken by <mask> led to the introduction and passage of the Act introducing the right of marriage to persons of the same sex in June 2017. <mask> became the first minister in Rhineland-Palatinate to take maternity leave, which she did in April 2018 to give birth to her fourth child. <mask> brought the baby to a meeting of the Federal Council in October 2018. In November 2018, <mask> represented the German federal government at the Women MPs Conference on the subject of "100 years of women's suffrage" in London. There she also met then-Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Theresa May.At the meeting, <mask> urged her to prevent Brexit. In the 2021 state elections, <mask> was nominated as lead candidate for the Greens. The party won 9.3% of votes in the election, becoming the third-largest in the Landtag. The coalition government between the SPD, Greens, and FDP was subsequently renewed, and <mask> became Deputy Minister-President and Minister for Climate Protection, Environment, Mobility, Energy and Forests. Career in federal politics
In the negotiations to form a so-called traffic light coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Green Party and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) following the 2021 federal elections, <mask> was part of her party's delegation in the working group on climate protection and energy policy, co-chaired by Matthias Miersch, Oliver Krischer and Lukas Köhler. On November 25, 2021, she was nominated by the federal board of the Greens as Federal Minister for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth in the Scholz cabinet. She took office on December 8.<mask> was nominated by her party as delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2022. Other activities
 Franco-German Youth Office (FGYO), Ex-officio Co-Chair of the Board of Governors (since 2021)
 German Foundation for Active Citizenship and Volunteering (DSEE), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)

Political positions
Within the Green Party, <mask> is considered to be part of its left wing. Controversy
After a 15-year-old girl was stabbed to death by her Afghan-born ex-boyfriend in Kandel in 2017, <mask> – in her capacity as state minister in charge of integration – faced such massive hostility and threats that she was given personal protection. Personal life
<mask> lives in Speyer with her husband, who is Scottish, and four children. References

1980 births
Living people
People from Leimen (Baden)
Alliance 90/The Greens politicians
21st-century German politicians
21st-century German women politicians
Women ministers of State Governments in Germany
Women government ministers of Germany

masks:
Anne Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel
Spiegel


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<mask> (born 21 April 1958) is an English former footballer in the English Football League who now works for the PFA as a union learning representative. During his playing days he played both in midfielder and in attack. During his career he took part in two successful Fourth Division promotion campaigns. He started his career as a youth team player at Middlesbrough, before joining Manchester United in 1976. Failing to make the first team, he joined non-league Billingham Synthonia and then Gateshead, before returning to the professional game with Southampton in 1978. A year later he signed for Stockport County, where his career really took off. Five years he spent with Stockport, making close to 200 league appearances.He then spent two years at Port Vale and then Preston North End. In 1989, he left the professional game permanently, joining non-league Lancaster City. He signed with Winsford United in 1993 and then Hyde United a year later. He retired as a player in 1995. Playing career

Early career
Born and raised in Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham, <mask> joined his local league club Middlesbrough as a schoolboy in 1972, signing apprentice forms with the club once he had turned fifteen. However, when "Boro" decided not to offer <mask> a professional contract in August 1976, he was immediately offered a second chance by Manchester United. <mask> spent twelve months at Old Trafford before they in turn decided to release him.Upon his release from United, <mask> returned to the North East and had spells with both Billingham Synthonia and Gateshead before he was spotted by a scout from Southampton, who offered him a trial with the club in March 1978. Southampton
After impressing manager Lawrie McMenemy, <mask> signed professional forms with the Dell club after they secured his services for a £4,000 fee. After just a handful of reserve team outings, he was loaned out to basement club Exeter City for the start of the 1978–79 season. In his month at St James Park, <mask> made two appearances, scoring once, before returning to the "Saints". He made his debut on 3 March 1979, taking Terry Curran's place at outside left at home to Arsenal. Despite showing plenty of natural ball control, his final touch was lacking, and he made only three further starts, plus two substitute appearances, before he was given a free transfer to Stockport County in September 1979. Stockport County
It was at County that <mask> found his feet, becoming a favourite with the Stockport fans.A quick Winger with an eye for goal, <mask> was at his most dangerous with the ball at his feet attacking the opposition full back. He acted as the captain whenever skipper Tommy Sword was unavailable. In four-and-a-half seasons at Edgeley Park, <mask> played 216 games in all competitions, scoring 31 goals, before being surprisingly sold to Port Vale for £7,000 in November 1984. Under Jimmy McGuigan's stewardship, the "Hatters" struggled in the lower half of the Fourth Division table in 1979–80, 1980–81, and 1981–82. Their form improved slightly under new boss Eric Webster in the 1982–83 and 1983–84 campaigns. Port Vale
His first season at Vale Park saw him make 22 appearances, scoring two goals. He cracked his left kneecap in a training accident in February 1985, but recovered his first team place on his recovery two months later.His second season with the club saw <mask> win his first promotion, when John Rudge's "Valiants" were promoted to the Third Division in 1986. Soon, though, after 62 games and seven goals for Vale, troubled Preston North End came calling, and after agreeing a bargain £2,000 fee in August 1986. Having recently refused new terms with the Vale, the move came as little surprise to observers of the game. Preston North End
Manager John McGrath immediately installed <mask> as captain. He made his debut on 26 August, and scored on his home debut at Deepdale the following week in a 2–1 victory over Swansea City. Preston stormed to promotion at the end of the 1986–87 season; <mask> missed three months with injury but scored 14 goals in 36 games, with four of his goals coming in braces against former clubs Stockport and Exeter. The next two seasons, however, were almost a washout, with injury restricting <mask> to just a handful of games.At the end of the 1988–89 season, <mask> decided to call it a day from playing full-time and started work behind the scenes at Deepdale, both as a coach and in the commercial department. Nevertheless, <mask> still turned out part-time for Lancaster City in the Northern Premier League. Later career
Upon leaving Lancaster at the end of the 1990–91 season, <mask> moved onto Winsford United. He started five games and made three substitute appearances for Conference club Witton Albion in the 1993–94 season. He signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division side Hyde United for the 1994–95 season. He played 29 games and scored once during his time at Ewen Fields, helping the "Tigers" to a fourth-place finish and qualification to the First Round of the FA Cup, with his goal coming as a last-minute equaliser to take the FA Cup Second Round qualification match at Colwyn Bay to a replay. Post-retirement
It was after leaving Hyde that <mask> studied at the University of Salford for his BA in politics and history.He later worked as a Sports studies lecturer at North Trafford College. He joined the coaching staff at Aberdeen in February 2003, and remained at Pittodrie until he was sacked alongside manager Steve Paterson in May 2004. <mask> now works for the PFA education service, where he is on hand to offer help and advice to footballers past and present in their efforts to gain qualifications for life after football. <mask> also coached the under-16s at Wigan Athletic's Centre of Excellence. Statistics
Source:

Honours
Preston North End
Football League Fourth Division runners-up: 1986–87

Port Vale
Football League Fourth Division fourth-place promotion: 1985–86

References

1958 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Stockton-on-Tees
Footballers from County Durham
Black British sportspeople
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Association football forwards
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Billingham Synthonia F.C.players
Gateshead F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Lancaster City F.C.players
Winsford United F.C. players
Witton Albion F.C. players
Hyde United F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
Alumni of the University of Salford
Association football coaches
Preston North End F.C. non-playing staff
Aberdeen F.C. non-playing staff
Wigan Athletic F.C. non-playing staff
Presidents of the General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)

masks:
Oshor Joseph Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams


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<mask>, CQ (, , ; born 27 December 1948) is a  French actor, filmmaker, businessman and vineyard owner since 1989 who is one of the most prolific thespians in film history having completed over 250 films since 1967 almost exclusively as a lead. <mask> has worked with over 150 film directors whose most notable collaborations include Jean-Luc Godard, François Truffaut, Maurice Pialat, Alain Resnais, Claude Chabrol, Ridley Scott and Bernardo Bertolucci. He is the second highest grossing actor in the history of French Cinema behind Louis de Funès. As of January 2022, his body of work also include countless television productions, 18 theatre plays, 16 records and 9 books. He is mostly known as a character actor and for having portrayed numerous leading historical and fictitious figures of the Western world including Georges Danton, Josef Stalin, Honoré de Balzac, Alexandre Dumas, Auguste Rodin, Cyrano de Bergerac, Jean Valjean, Edmond Dantès, Christopher Colombus, Obélix, and Dominique Strauss-Kahn. He is a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur and Chevalier of the Ordre national du Mérite. He was granted citizenship of Russia in January 2013 (officially adopted name in ), and became a cultural ambassador of Montenegro during the same month.He has received acclaim for his performances in The Last Metro (1980), for which he won the César Award for Best Actor, in Police (1985), for which he won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor, Jean de Florette (1986), and Cyrano de Bergerac (1990), for which he won the Best Actor award at the Cannes Film Festival and his second César Award for Best Actor as well as garnering a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He co-starred in Peter Weir's comedy Green Card (1991), winning a Golden Globe Award, and later acted in many big budget Hollywood movies including Ridley Scott's 1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992), Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet (1996), Randall Wallace's The Man in the Iron Mask (1998), and Ang Lee's Life of Pi (2012). Early life

<mask> <mask> was born on 27 December 1948 in Châteauroux, Indre, France. He is one of the five children of Anne Jeanne Josèphe (née Marillier) known as "La Lilette", stay-at-home mom, and René Maxime <mask> (better known in his neighborhood as "Dédé" because he could only write two letters) , a metal worker and volunteer fireman. His father and mother were both born in 1923 and both died in 1988. <mask> <mask> grew up in poverty in a two-room apartment at 39 rue du Maréchal-Joffre, Châteauroux, in a proletarian family with five brothers and sisters. <mask> helped his mother in the deliveries of his younger brothers and sisters.He spent more time on the streets than in school, leaving at the age of 13. Practically illiterate and half stammering, he learned to read only later. He worked at a printworks, while participating in boxing matches. He also became involved in selling stolen goods, and was put on probation. During a difficult adolescence, he "got by", through committing theft and smuggling all kinds of goods (cigarettes, alcohol), among others with the GIs of the important American air base of Châteauroux-Déols. He also acted as a bodyguard for prostitutes who came down from Paris on weekends, the GIs' payday. His family nicknamed him "Pétard" or "Pétarou", because of the habit he had acquired of farting incessantly, in all places.In 1968, his best friend of childhood Jacky Merveille, another castelroussin kingpin, dies in a car accident, he then decides to take his destiny in hand. Acting career
At the age of sixteen, <mask> left Châteauroux for Paris. There, he began acting in the new comedy theatre Café de la Gare, along with Patrick Dewaere, Romain Bouteille, Sotha, Coluche, and Miou-Miou. He studied dancing under Jean-Laurent Cochet. His first film role to gain attention was playing Jean-Claude in Bertrand Blier's comedy Les Valseuses (Going Places, 1974). Other prominent early films include Barbet Schroeder's controversial Maîtresse (1975), a starring role in Bernardo Bertolucci's historical epic 1900 (1976), with Robert De Niro, and a role in François Truffaut's The Last Metro (1980), with Catherine Deneuve for which he won his first César Award for Best Actor. <mask>'s international profile rose as a result of his performance as a doomed, hunchbacked farmer in the film Jean de Florette (1986) and received notice for his starring role in Cyrano de Bergerac (1990), for which he won his second César Award for Best Actor, the Cannes Film Festival for Best Actor, and received a nomination for an Academy Award.<mask> co-starred in Peter Weir's English language romantic comedy Green Card (1991), for which he won a Golden Globe Award. He has since had other roles in other English language films, including Ridley Scott's 1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992), Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet (1996), and Ang Lee's Life of Pi (2012). He played Obélix in the four live-action Astérix films in which he is said to have discovered Mélanie Laurent when she was fourteen. In 2009, he took part in a rare performance of Sardou's La Haine at the Festival de Radio France et Montpellier Languedoc Roussillon, with Fanny Ardant; subsequently broadcast on France Musique. In 2013, he starred in an independent film titled A Farewell to Fools. <mask> featured as a main character in Antwerp (Edinburgh Festival 2014), a play in The Europeans Trilogy (Bruges, Antwerp, Tervuren) by Paris-based UK playwright Nick Awde. In 2014, he starred in the controversial Welcome to New York (2014 film) in the thinly-disguised impersonation of disgraced former IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn.Personal life

In 1970, <mask> married Élisabeth Guignot, with whom he had two children, actor Guillaume (1971–2008) and actress Julie (born 1973). On 28 January 1992, while separated from Guignot, he had a daughter, Roxanne, with the model Karine Silla (sister of producer Virginie Besson-Silla). In 1996, he divorced Guignot and began a relationship with actress Carole Bouquet, who was his partner from 1997 to 2005. On 14 July 2006, he had a son, Jean, with French-Cambodian Hélène Bizot (daughter of François Bizot and not to be confused with actress Hélène Bizot). Since 2005, <mask> has lived with Clémentine Igou. He underwent heart surgery in July 2000. On 13 October 2008, <mask>'s son Guillaume died from pneumonia at the age of 37.Guillaume's health had been adversely affected by drug addiction and by a 1995 motorcycle crash that eventually required the amputation of his right leg in 2003. <mask> and Guillaume had a turbulent relationship, but had reconciled prior to Guillaume's death. In September 2020, <mask> converted to Eastern Orthodoxy in Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Paris. Health
On 18 May 1998, <mask> had a motorcycle accident with a blood alcohol content of 2.5 g/l  on the way to the shooting of Asterix and Obelix vs. Caesar, by Claude Zidi. He was prescribed forty days off work. In 2012 he was hit by a car while riding his scooter in Paris. The same year, while intoxicated with 1.8 g/l of alcohol in the blood, he had another scooter accident, without injury and without collision with a third party.Since the 2000s, the actor has suffered at least seven motorcycle or scooter accidents. Sexual assault and rape allegations
In a 1978 interview, <mask> reportedly confirmed a story that he first participated in a rape when he was 9 years old and that he had participated in more rapes since then. He reportedly stated there were "too many [rapes] to count... There was nothing wrong with it. The girls wanted to be raped. I mean, there's no such thing as rape. It's only a matter of a girl putting herself in a situation where she wants to be."The story re-emerged in Time magazine in 1991. On 15 March 1991, <mask>'s American publicist Lois Smith stated, "he's sorry, but it happened." The National Organization for Women requested an apology from <mask>. Later that month, Depardieu's French publicist Claude Devy discounted the statements made by Smith and <mask> threatened legal action against any media outlet that published the comments. <mask>'s team said his words were mistranslated and he only admitted to having witnessed rapes. Time refused to retract the story. In August 2018, <mask> was accused of sexual assault and rape by a 22-year-old actress and dancer.The actress reported being assaulted twice by <mask> in his home during rehearsal sessions. The unnamed actress made her statement to police in Lambesc, southern France, after which the case was passed to prosecutors in the capital. <mask> denied the allegations. In 2019, the charges were dropped after a nine-month police investigation. The case was reopened in October 2020 after his accuser refiled the complaint. In February 2021, it was announced that French authorities charged <mask> with rape in December 2020, stemming from the incident in August 2018. According to <mask>'s lawyer, Hervé Témime, speaking to Le Monde, the actor rejects the allegation.Citizenship

He has been an official resident of Néchin, Belgium, since 7 December 2012. French Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault criticised his move. On 15 December 2012, <mask> publicly stated he was handing back his French passport. On 3 January 2013, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an Executive Order granting Russian citizenship to <mask>. In his first interview thereafter, <mask> attacked Putin's critics for "lacking vision". In his autobiography, <mask> said Putin "immediately liked my hooligan side." In February 2013, he registered as a resident of Saransk.Also in January 2013, he was appointed a cultural ambassador for Montenegro. During the summer of 2015, due to remarks <mask> made about Russian-Ukrainian political issues, his films were banned from television and cinemas in Ukraine. Awards
<mask> has been nominated for the César for Best Actor in a Leading Role 17 times during his career and won it twice, in 1981 and 1991. He was also nominated for an Oscar in 1990 for his role in Cyrano de Bergerac. 1985: Volpi Cup for Best Actor for his role in Police
1985: Chevalier (Knight) of the Ordre national du Mérite
1990: Cannes Film Festival: Best actor award for his role in Cyrano de Bergerac
1996: Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur
2006: Moscow Film Festival: Stanislavsky Award for the outstanding achievement in the career of acting

Filmography

See also
Cinema of France
List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards

References

Further reading

External links

 Russian artist Shishkin writes portrait of <mask>//Channel One
Photo of <mask> <mask>

1948 births
Living people
20th-century French male actors
21st-century French male actors
Male actors from Paris
Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners
Best Actor Lumières Award winners
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor winners
Best Actor César Award winners
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Knights of the National Order of Merit (France)
French male film actors
Knights of the National Order of Quebec
Naturalised citizens of Russia
Russian people of French descent
Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Roman Catholicism
People from Châteauroux
Male Shakespearean actors
Wine merchants
Volpi Cup for Best Actor winners
Café de la Gare

masks:
Gérard Xavier Marcel Depardieu
Depardieu
Gérard
Depardieu
Lionel Depardieu
Gérard
Depardieu
Gérard
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Depardieu
Gerard Depardieu
Gérard
Depardieu


text_chunks:
<mask><mask>, OC, DFA, RCA is a Canadian-born artist and illustrator. She was the first woman and first Canadian to have a solo exhibit at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.

Life and early career
<mask> was born in Toronto, Ontario, and grew up in Kitchener. In her early life, she was influenced by the illustration work of her uncle, <mask>, who created art for educational publishing. His work imparted to her the potential for illustration to hold social messages, leading her to study at the Ontario College of Art, from which she graduated in 1978. She started sending her work to various magazines after beginning her career with assignments in advertising. <mask> states that studying the works of British artists like Sue Coe, Richard Mills and Ian Pollock helped her to understand that illustration could be used to personally express "a strong political or social viewpoint." As a Canadian who recognizes the extent to which Canada is immersed in American culture and politics, she believes that responding visually from a Canadian perspective is imperative.Consequently, she sought work in the United States and acquired the majority of her clients there. In particular, she caught the attention of American art director Fred Woodward when he commissioned an illustration of Ray Charles for Westward magazine in 1982. Her depiction of Charles "with piano keys for teeth" exceeded Woodward's expectations and prompted their working relationship through his transitions to Texas Monthly, Regardie's, and Rolling Stone. For Woodward, <mask> was an obvious choice to be one of the two artists illustrating for his back-of-the-magazine series called "The History of Rock and Roll," which ran from 1988 to 1990. Career and achievements
<mask> has lived in London, New York City and Toronto, contributing to magazines and working for design firms, book publishers and advertising agencies in Germany, Japan, Sweden, Norway, Canada, South Africa, Holland, Portugal, France and England. Her many clients include Time magazine, Rolling Stone, Vanity Fair, The New Yorker, GQ, The New York Times, Sony Music, and Random House Publishing. She has illustrated over fifty book jacket covers and has created cover art and editorial illustrations for many magazines including Rolling Stone, The New Yorker, Sports Illustrated, Time Magazine, Newsweek Magazine, the Atlantic Monthly and The New York Times Magazine, earning commissions of up to US$5,000.<mask> has been commissioned by The New Yorker for more than twenty covers. She has had exhibitions since 1987, when she showed a collection of her works at Canada House in Trafalgar Square, London. In 1997 she put on a one-woman show at the Foreign Press office in New York City. In 1998 she had a solo show at Tokyo's Creation Gallery. The Society of Illustrators' Museum of American Illustration honoured her with a mid-career retrospective of her work in 2002. <mask> is also involved in educating and helping other artists. She has held summer workshops for the Master of Arts program at Syracuse University at the Illustration Academy in Sarasota, Florida.She also often leads workshops and gives lectures at universities and institutions such as the Smithsonian Institution and the Corcoran College of Art and Design in Washington DC. Her paintings and sculptures have been featured in galleries abroad, including the Norman Rockwell Museum in Massachusetts and the Teatrio Cultural Association in Rome, Italy. In the fall of 2003, <mask> was the first woman and the first Canadian to have a solo show at the Library of Congress in Washington, DC. The show was titled Canadian Counterpoint and featured a selection of 15 of the 22 paintings that she donated for a permanent collection at the Library of Congress. The National Post has named her one of the fifty most influential Canadian women. In 2007 <mask> was inducted as a member into the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. In 2017 she was inducted into The Society of Illustrators' Hall of Fame at the Museum of American Illustration in New York.She was also the "2017 J.E.H. MacDonald Honorary Member for Painting" at The Arts and Letters Club of Toronto. In 2004, Canada Post used illustrations by <mask> on stamps issued for the Year of the Monkey. On 5 April 2018, Canada Post celebrated <mask> and four other prolific Canadian illustrators by issuing a stamp series featuring their works. The issue is called Great Canadian Illustrators and was released at OCAD University. <mask> has written two art books, Another History of Art  published by Fantagraphics Books in spring 2021 and Original Sisters: Portraits of Tenacity and Courage  with a foreword by Roxane Gay to be released in the fall of 2021. In 2021, <mask> discussed her "portraits of unsung women and her equally feminist but far more fantastical vision of art history" in The New Yorker Magazine.Awards
In 1997, <mask> was the recipient of the Les Usherwood Lifetime Achievement Award from the Advertising and Design Club of Canada. She received the Hamilton King Award from the Society of Illustrators in 2003. In 2009, <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of Canada "for her contributions as an illustrator whose insightful works have graced publications around the world". She was also a recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012. In 2010, <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from her alma mater, OCAD University. She was given a second Honorary DFA by Massachusetts College of Art and Design in 2015. In 2016, <mask> was one of three winners of Applied Arts magazine's Golden AACE (Applied Arts Creative Excellence) lifetime achievement Awards.Of the three primary disciplines covered by the magazine, <mask> won for the Image category. <mask> was recognized by her alma mater again when she was one of the 2017 recipients of the Alumni of Influence Awards. She was awarded as Distinguished Alumni. Permanent collections
There are permanent collections of her work at the Library of Congress, the Archives of Canada in Ottawa, the McCord Museum in Montreal, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Rome. As well, some of her Time Magazine cover paintings are in the permanent collection at the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery in Washington DC. Influences and values
<mask> points to the Northern Renaissance works of Flemish painter Rogier van der Weyden as an influence for her illustration style. A comparison of their works would reveal "the same elongated forms, the same finger-crooked hands, the same skin tones glowing like pearl and old pewter.'His work is beautiful and spooky at the same time,' says <mask>." Descriptions of <mask>'s work by other artists confirm her commitment to detail and her Flemish influence. Milton Glaser, the American graphic designer who invented the I Love New York logo, said that <mask> is "almost Flemish in her sense of detail and finish. She also has a certain Flemish sense of the grotesque." Françoise Mouly, art editor of The New Yorker and wife of Art Spiegelman, expressed her fondness for the "sheer luxury of detail in <mask>'s work." Given the influence of her uncle and various British artists, <mask> has been open about expressing her values as an artist. She aims to use her art to widely communicate concepts that are novel and challenging.To illustration, <mask> ascribes "the power, potentially, to move people emotionally and challenge them intellectually. By its very nature, illustration can question conventions and generate reaction." To produce these effects, she states that it is crucial to be flexible and to continually consider oneself a student of human nature. Since she uses her art to communicate social and political messages, she also values integrity regarding the publications that feature her work, and thus declines commissions that oppose the causes she stands by or that threaten to compromise her values. In the early 2000s, <mask> repeatedly expressed her concern that publications were becoming more focused on celebrity culture and commercial advertisements than on intellectual and conceptual subject matter. She noticed the change beginning in the early 1990s, and expected the political focus to resume after 9/11. Instead, her first commission following the attacks was for a portrait of Britney Spears, and <mask> began to notice herself and other artists  such as American photographer Susan Sontag and American cartoonist Michael Ramirez  facing restrictions on their freedom of expression.In addition to receiving more celebrity portrait commissions than serious ones, U.S. military officials periodically visited her website following her April 2003 cover illustration of George W. Bush as an oil sheik for The American Prospect. The turn away from strong political opinions impacted the selection of <mask>'s works for her solo show at the Library of Congress; the majority of the fifteen selections are celebrity portraits. <mask>'s publicist, Laura Goldstein, stated that "the whole exhibit is called Canadian Counterpoint, but they're still selecting what the 'Counterpoint' is." Despite her concern, <mask> herself confidently expressed her belief that "the need for astute, suggestive and intellectual illustration will never cease." References

External links
Official website

Living people
Artists from Toronto
Canadian women illustrators
Officers of the Order of Canada
21st-century Canadian women artists
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Anita E
. Kunz
Kunz
Robert Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Anita
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz
Kunz


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<mask> (born February 1, 1944) is a retired Chinese politician and a former senior leader of the Communist Party of China. He served on the Politburo Standing Committee, the Communist Party's top leadership council, and as the top official in charge of propaganda, between 2002 and 2012. He also served as Chairman of the CPC Central Guidance Commission for Building Spiritual Civilization, de facto head of propaganda and media relations. <mask> had a widely varying political career spanning three provinces, first as Governor of Liaoning, then Party Secretary of Henan, and then Party Secretary of Guangdong, before being promoted to the national leadership in 2002. He retired in 2012. Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born in February 1944 in modern-day Dalian, Liaoning, then administered by the Empire of Japan as "Dairen", Kwantung Leased Territory. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1965 and graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the Harbin Institute of Technology in 1966.In 1983, at age 39, he became the youngest mayor and Party secretary of a major city, of Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning. In 1982, he was also made an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the age of 38, the youngest member of the body at the time. In 1987, he became governor of Liaoning province, a post he kept until 1990. As governor, mainland China's first expressway was built in the province, linking the cities of Shenyang and Dalian. In addition, <mask> pushed for the reform of state-owned enterprises, aiming to decrease state involvement in their operations. After General Secretary Zhao Ziyang was purged from the party leadership in 1989 during the fallout from the Tiananmen Square protests that same year, <mask> was initially also thought to have been removed from the leadership because he was a supporter of Zhao. <mask>'s appearance on state television weeks later showed that this was not the case.In 1990, <mask> was transferred from his job in Liaoning province to central Henan province. In his memoirs, <mask> recounted that he was ill-prepared for his new assignment and felt homesick. The central authorities had not given him much prior notice about his transfer, and did not inform him why he was being moved or facilitate an orderly transition process. <mask>, as a result, was somewhat critical of the party's transfer process but nonetheless duly accepted his new assignment. He had succeeded then-Henan governor Cheng Weigao, who had been transferred to Hebei province as part of a three-province 'leader swap' orchestrated by the party's leaders. Henan, a populous agricultural province without a strong industrial base, presented <mask> with significant challenges, and <mask> had experienced unease settling into his new home. Two years later, in 1992, <mask> was promoted to party chief of Henan.It would be <mask>'s first job as "first-in-charge" of a province. Being accustomed to serving in government administration, <mask>'s tenure in Henan was his first taste of being in charge of party affairs. <mask> said that initially being the top leader in the province made him uncomfortable as he had to shoulder all responsibility, especially at a time when other regions were developing economically at a pace much faster than that of Henan. Overall, his tenure in Henan was seen as mediocre. Rural incomes remained stagnant during his term, and his government was also criticized for its role in the Plasma Economy, where farmers were encouraged to donate blood through unsafe practices, triggering China's largest outbreak of HIV/AIDS. <mask> was promoted to the Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 1997, largely due to having secured the patronage of the paramount leader and Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin. In his memoirs, <mask> said that he was surprised at having been appointed to the Politburo.In 1998, Jiang dispatched <mask> to serve as Guangdong Party Secretary. It was said that Jiang wanted to use <mask> as a counterbalance to the entrenched local political establishment composed mostly of people native to the province. In Guangdong, <mask> cracked down on corruption to "put the house in order." In the wake of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-98, <mask> set up a special task force to evaluate what to do with non-performing loans owed by two of the province's largest financial companies. He appointed former central bank deputy governor Wang Qishan to oversee the task force. <mask> shook up the local banking sector and closed a plethora of local credit unions and agencies. He also increased access to the legal aid system for the poor in the province.His tenure in Guangdong was seen as largely successful, having averted the brunt of the Asian Financial Crisis and also bringing Guangdong back to the political control of the central leadership under Jiang Zemin. <mask>'s tenure in Guangdong made him one of Jiang's favourites and as such Jiang was preparing to groom him for succession for the premiership upon incumbent Premier Zhu Rongji's scheduled retirement in 2003. However, Zhu had been favouring Wen Jiabao for the Premier office, and criticized <mask> over his handling of an "export rebate fraud" scandal in the coastal city of Shantou in 2000, which took place during <mask>'s term as Guangdong party chief. <mask>'s intention to promote <mask>, a female friend of Jiang's who was considered incompetent, to the party chief position in the coastal city of Shenzhen became a sticking point for Jiang's political opponents. Politburo Standing Committee
As expected, <mask> was named a member of the Politburo Standing Committee after Jiang's departure as General Secretary of the Communist Party in 2002. By then, <mask> was seen by political observers as firmly belonging to Jiang's camp. He was considered one of Jiang's major 'patronage appointments' to the top ruling council along with other staunch Jiang loyalists such as Jia Qinglin and Huang Ju.<mask> was ranked eighth in the party hierarchy out of the nine members of the new PSC, given the portfolio of supervising the Party organs that dealt with propaganda and ideology while taking on no other official party or state titles. <mask> was the first propaganda chief to preside over the growth of the internet in China, and as a result was largely seen as having been the forerunner in developing the internet censorship regime that became increasingly extensive over the course of his tenure. In October 2007, at the 17th Party Congress, it was announced that <mask>, then aged 63 (below the unofficial age of retirement for PSC members, 67), would serve another term as propaganda chief. In addition, <mask> was elevated from eight position in the protocol sequence to fifth, in front of Hu Jintao's putative successor Xi Jinping. There were high hopes among some in media circles that <mask> would signal a more liberal change from the strictures of former propaganda chief Ding Guangen. <mask> had made a major speech advocating that media stay "close to the public" and to real events, "instead of mechanically following Party directives." In addition, <mask> was also seen as a leading reformer due to his legacy in Guangdong, where he was not afraid to take on entrenched interests and introduce further market economic reforms.The hopes were short-lived however, though, after the Central Propaganda Department began closing newspapers, firing journalists, and would not allow foreign companies to produce content for TV stations in China. Many editors were punished and <mask>n "started sounding and acting like another Ding Guangen." <mask> retired from PSC in 2012, which <mask> succeed his position as the propaganda chief. Propaganda work

In his position as China's propaganda chief from 2002 to 2012, <mask> was said to have contributed heavily to China's censorship campaign and frequently ordered media to downplay or not report on certain events. In 2006, he told the members of the All-China Journalists Association to "closely encircle the overall work of the party and state". <mask> approved the construction of the National Museum in 2006 after a series of disputes and delays about the building of the museum. He was the guest of honor at the opening of the National Center for the Performing Arts.<mask> has put his support behind a number of creative projects that might otherwise have been censored by the government. He supported Zen Shaolin, a music, dance and martial arts show intended to increase tourism that opened in 2007 in Henan, despite the producers' concerns that a celebration of religion and sacred music would be opposed by the government. <mask> allowed a 2009 movie Nanking! Nanking! by Lu Chuan to continue running in theaters in the face of strong pressure from nationalists who objected to the sympathetic characterization in the film of a Japanese soldier. The film was one of ten chosen to help commemorate 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China. In May 2009, American diplomats reported in a cable later leaked by WikiLeaks that <mask> was a driving force behind China's renewed pressure against Google to comply with Chinese censorship laws.<mask> was reportedly unhappy that Chinese Google search results for his and his children's names contained results critical of them. He subsequently ordered major Chinese firms to cease doing business with Google, and one source with connections to political elite claimed <mask> had directed a subsequent cyberattack against Google in retaliation. Personal life
<mask> is married to Zhang Shurong (), his college sweetheart. Zhang was an engineer. References

External links
<mask>n biography, China Vitae
biography of <mask>n People Daily

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1944 births
Living people
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Liaoning
Mayors of Shenyang
Politicians from Dalian
Governors of Liaoning
Governors of Henan
Political office-holders in Guangdong
Harbin Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the 17th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 16th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party

masks:
Li Changchun
Li
Li Changchun
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Guangdong Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Huang Liman
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Changchu
Li
Liu Yunshan
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Changchu
Li Changchu


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<mask> (born 1975) is an Italian operatic bass-baritone, known for his roles in Mozart's operas, but who has steadily expanded his repertoire into the Baroque as well as moving beyond into Rossini. Early life
Although born in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela, <mask>'s family moved to Busseto in Italy – the home of Giuseppe Verdi — when he was four years old. There, his father owned a car-repair firm and his mother was a teacher; it was in that town where he noted "you feel Verdi's spirit all over the place!" and where his love of opera began. Musical studies and training
In Busseto, he states that "as a kid, I used to go to the opera with my grandfather, and when I was 11, I already knew I wanted to be an opera singer." While not actually attending the musical academy run by the famous local tenor Carlo Bergonzi—he listened-in to his master classes after school— <mask> was influenced by the tenor:
I did not technically train with Bergonzi, because I was too young. I sang for him when I was 13 or 14 and he told me to wait until my voice would change and I would be able to start singing.While I did not technically work with him, I listened to his teaching almost every afternoon, and this really taught me a lot in terms of diction, phrasing and how to use your voice to communicate to an audience. I consider him one of my teachers because of that. The way he sang, phrased and used his instrument was unbelievable. His approach on singing was unique and made him one of the best Verdi tenors. He began his training at the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi in Milan, where he was not comfortable, and so continued his studies for a year in Buenos Aires with Renato Sassola and Rozita Zozulya, and also in New York. Singing career
After his musical training in Milan, Buenos Aires and New York, <mask>'s professional operatic debut was in the title role of Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro in Klagenfurt, in 2001. That same year, he was awarded the Eberhard-Wächter-Medal as "Newcomer of the Season" by the Vienna State Opera.<mask> sang Masetto at the 2002 Salzburg Festival in Mozart's Don Giovanni. These early appearances led to engagements throughout the world in the major Mozart operas. <mask> has since appeared in major opera houses and festivals across Europe and America. In 2002, he debuted at the Whitsun Baroque Festival with Haydn's Nelson Mass, and at the Salzburg Summer Festival as Masetto in Don Giovanni, where he has performed every summer since. Opera
Apart from the aforementioned roles, <mask> also has an extensive list of onstage performances to his credit. These include many Mozart roles such as Publio (from La Clemenza di Tito) for the Salzburg Festival at the Aix-en-Provence Festival, as well as at the Metropolitan Opera. Leporello (from Don Giovanni) at the Teatro Real in Madrid and the Opéra Bastille followed, then Figaro again at The Santa Fe Opera as well as at the Met.At the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées he performed once more as Papageno in Die Zauberflöte. Guglielmo (from Così fan tutte) for the Netherlands Opera, the Glyndebourne Festival Opera, and the Salzburg Mozart Week were additions to his Mozart portrayals. <mask> appeared as Alidoro in La Cenerentola in Santiago, Chile, and, in 2012, as the title character in Maometto II at The Santa Fe Opera, which presented the world premiere of the new critical edition prepared by Philip Gossett from the 1820 edition. His Puccini roles have included Colline in La bohème. <mask>'s appearances in Handel roles such as Tiridate in Radamisto at the Houston Opera, in addition to Achilla in Giulio Cesare for Opera Colorado and Melisso from Alcina, have been distinguished, but regarding his attitude to singing more Baroque opera and, specifically, in response to a question as to whether he might do some Cavalli or some Vivaldi in addition, he stated:
To be honest with you, I find the Baroque very interesting both dramatically and vocally, but it is something that you need to let go after a while, if you want to develop your voice to do a certain "heavier" repertoire. Many Baroque singers only sing Baroque and this is not what I want to do. I enjoyed doing Baroque; [in addition to the roles named above] I did Rinaldo, Cavalli's Ercole Amante, and I did Ariodante but there is a moment when you say "if I want my voice to develop I need to explore other repertoire".In a different vein, he sang Caliban in the baroque pasticcio The Enchanted Island at the Met in 2011 and he returned there in April/May 2014 for performances in La Cenerentola. He returned to the Met in 2015 as Leporello in the company's production of Don Giovanni. Concerts
In concert performances, <mask> has sung Zebul in Händel's Jephtha with the Berlin Philharmonic, conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt. He has also performed Michael Haydn's Requiem in C minor under Ivor Bolton, and Mozart's Mass in C Minor under Marc Minkowski, both at the Salzburg Festival. Furthermore, <mask> also has Niccolò Piccinni's Iphigénie en Tauride with the Orchestre National de France, Mozart's Coronation Mass at the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées, and Vivaldi's Orlando Furioso in Toulouse and Brussels under his belt, the last two with Jean-Christophe Spinosi. He has a keen interest in lieder, and has linked his living in Vienna with his love of Schubert. Among other composers represented in his song recitals are Beethoven, Reichardt, Brahms and Liszt.Personal life
It was through his 2002 appearance in Salzburg that <mask> met both the American baritone Thomas Hampson (who was singing the Don) and his daughter Cate. Cate and <mask> were subsequently married and now make their home in Vienna.

masks:
Luca Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni
Pisaroni