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<mask>) (born 20 May 1938, Thessaloniki) is one of the most popular Greek singers whose career has spanned several decades. She has sung professionally since 1957. Since the beginning of her career, she has released 66 solo  albums and has been featured on albums by other musicians. Early life
She was born Kyriaki Papadopoulou (Κυριακή Παπαδοπούλου), in the city of Thessaloniki in northern Greece. Her parents were Greek refugees from Constantinople. She is the fourth and last child of a large family, which despite its poverty, was rich in love and in artistic vein. The whole family gathered around the turntable and sang, while her father tried to teach children the steps of the waltz and the tango.From the age of four years singing on the radio broadcast in "Pediki Ora (Children's Hour)" and later did ads for shops such as "Melka" in Thessaloniki, earning her first pocket money. She participated in many performances of children's theatre. At age 15, she gave up her budding career to finish school, but by seventeen, her passion for the theatre is stirring and she joins the artistic group of Mary Laurent, a "mpoulouki" (so called then the singer troupes that traveled Greece end-to-end for performances) and plays small roles. One day, the lead singer fell sick and sought <mask> as a replacement, who was willing to take the singer's place. At that moment, the Greek music world found one of its best representatives. Marinella became the lead singer of the troupe. She later joined the Military Theatre because the remuneration was better.At the same time she started her career as a singer at the "Panorama" centre of Thessaloniki, where Tolis Harmas  coined the name "<mask>" for her, inspired by his song. She released her first song in 1957, "Nitsa, Elenitsa (Little Helen)". Her early career was marked by her collaboration with singer Stelios Kazantzidis. Together they managed to become the greatest duet of Greece, unsurpassed even today. Starting at the night club "Luxembourg" in Thessaloniki where they enjoyed great success, they later moved to Athens, the capital, where they became widely known. They sang the songs of Mikis Theodorakis, Manos Hadjidakis, Vassilis Tsitsanis, Giorgos Mitsakis, Giorgos Zambetas, Apostolos Kaldaras, Theodoros Derveniotis, Stavros Xarchakos, Christos Leontis, whom are considered the best composers of the era. <mask> married Stelios Kazantzidis on 7 May 1964 and they toured together in Germany and the United States.They divorced in September 1966. <mask> then began a solo career and eventually in 1974 married singer Tolis Voskopoulos. This second marriage also ended in divorce in 1981. Early career
In October 1970, <mask> participated in the V Festival Internacional da Cançao Popular – Parte Internacion (FIC) in Rio de Janeiro, representing Greece with the song "Kyra Giorgena (Wife of George)", finishing 4th among 38 countries. On October 24, 1970, the Billboard wrote "Marinella from Greece, knows audiences in Athens clubs, carries enchantment in her songs and the warmth of the sun in her voice" (by Henry Johnston). <mask> was the first Greek singer to participate in the International MIDEM Festival of 1973 in Cannes with and three new songs composed by Stavros Xarchakos and in the Eurovision Song Contest of 1974, placing eleventh with the song "Krasi, Thalassa Kai T' Agori Mou (Wine, sea and my boyfriend)". Greek rock band Nostradamos had won the first Eurovision participation contest ran by the state broadcaster ERT to represent Greece at Eurovision.However, due to a scandal, the band was not allowed to compete at Eurovision, and <mask> was sent instead. She also performed in several Greek musicals, both as singer and actress. Her popularity rose in the late 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, with a string of successful albums and live shows. She developed a new standard for shows in the Greek night clubs, introducing costumes, dancing, and special lighting effects. Later career
On 27 April 1998, <mask> performed in the Athens Concert Hall, performing her older hits to great acclaim. Her concert at the small Olympic Stadium of Athens on 1 October 1999 was a great success with more than 25,000 people. In November 2002, she collaborated with George Dalaras.They performed concerts in Athens and Thessaloniki as well as abroad. The tour was titled "Mazi (Together)" and the released live album from these performances reached platinum status in 2003. On 10 April 2003, The New York Times critic wrote about Marinella, "Her voice was earthy and strong, and she had the presence of an actress as she danced a few teasing steps or brought dignity to longing" (by Jon Pareles). In March 2004, she released a brand new album with new songs by Nikos Antypas and Lina Nikolakopoulou, entitled "Ammos Itane (It was sand)". In the same year, on 19 August, she performed at the closing ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics, along with Dimitra Galani, Haris Alexiou, Yiannis Parios and George Dalaras. In December 2005, she released a new album titled "Tipota Den Ginete Tihea (Nothing is random)", composed by Giorgos Theofanous. The album reached gold status and includes duets with famous Greek singers, such as Antonis Remos and Glykeria.In 2006, two new compilations of Marinella were officially released, the first titled "Sti Skini (On stage)" and containing older live recordings and the second one titled "Ta Logia Ine Peritta – 50 Chronia Tragoudi (Words are pointless – 50 Years of song)", which is a complete eight CDs boxset with Marinella's greatest hits from the beginning of her career until her collaboration with Kostas Hatzis at "Recital". She returned to nightlife, by performing live with Antonis Remos at the Athens Arena in 2006–07 and 2007–08, with Giannis Parios at the Diogenis Studio in the winter season 2008–09, and with Natassa Theodoridou at the Votanikos in 2011–12, in Athens. Versatility
Even though Marinella is often considered a singer of folk songs, her range is quite broad and has included a variety of musical styles including traditional, laika, pop, blues, and jazz. Marinella is characterised as "The Great Lady of Song" in Greece, where she is regarded with great respect. She rarely makes public appearances, and her concerts are few and far between. 2 (My first songs No. 2 1971 – 1974)
1997: Gia Proti Fora (For the first time)
1997: Tragoudia Apo Tis 45' Strofes (Songs of 45' rpm vinyl records)
2004: Ammos Itane (It was sand)
2005: Tipota Den Ginete Tihea (Νothing is random)

Live albums
1972: Mia Vradia Me Tin Marinella (An evening with Marinella)
1973: Mia Vradia Me Tin Marinella No.2 (An evening with Marinella no. 2)
1976: Marinella & Kostas Hatzis – Recital
1980: Marinella & Kostas Hatzis – To Tam-Tam (The tam-tam)
1998: I Marinella Tragouda Ke Thimate (Marinella sings and remembers)
1999: Me Varka To Tragoudi (With boat the song)
2003: <mask> & George Dalaras – Mazi (Together)
2007: <mask> & Antonis Remos – Live

Soundtracks
1971: Ena Karavi Gemato Tragoudia (A boat full of songs)
1991: I Pariziana (The Parisienne)
1995: I Prova Tou Nifikou (Fitting of the wedding dress)
1995: Gorgones Ke Magkes (Mermaids and tough guys)
2000: Ystera Irthan I Melisses (And then, came the bees)

Collaborations
1962: Mikis Theodorakis – Greek Serenade
1963: Kostas Virvos – Pikres Ke Hares
1963: Mikis Theodorakis No. 1
1963: Holiday in Greece
1965: Stelios Kazantzidis Sings
1965: The Voice of Stelios Kazantzidis
1965: Stelios Kazantzidis No. 2
1965: Vassilis Tsitsanis – Synnefiasmeni Kyriaki
1965: Manos Hadjidakis – Proti Ektelesi
1965: Christos Leontis – Katahnia
1965: Stelios Kazantzidis No. 3
1965: Tragoudia Tis Xenitias
1965: Dodeka Megales Epitihies Tou Miki Theodoraki
1965: Stelios Kazantzidis – Tragoudiste Mazi Mou
1965: Retsina Ke Mpouzouki No. 3
1966: Christos Leontis – Anastasi Oneiron
1968: Kazantzides
1968: Stelios Kazantzidis – Stigmes
1970: V Festival Internacional Da Canção Popular – Rio (Parte Internacional)
1971: Christos Leontis – Dodeka Para Pente
1971: 12 Syghrona Laika Chromata
1972: Stelios Kazantzidis No. 4
1972: To 13ari Tis Epitichias
1973: Njihovi Uspesi
1974: Eurovision 1974
1974: Mikis Theodorakis No.2
1974: Kryfa Minymata 1967 - 1974
1974: Stelios Kazantzidis No. 5
1975: Tolis Voskopoulos – Ego Ti Eho Ke Ti Tha 'Ho
1976: Tolis Voskopoulos – Smyrneika Ke Laika
1976: Tolis Voskopoulos – Otan Tragoudo
1976: Stelios Kazantzidis No. 6 · Marinella
1976: Mikis Theodorakis – Politeia
1977: Nasos Panagiotou – Ilie Megale
1977: O Kazantzidis Se Dimotika Tragoudia
1977: Dimotiki Anthologia No. 3
1977: Stelios Kazantzidis No. 8
1978: Stelios Kazantzidis – Monaxia Mou
1978: Tolis Voskopoulos – Tragouda Theatrine! 1979: Akis Panou – Ase Me Zoi
1980: Tolis Voskopoulos – 80
1981: Giannis Kalatzis – Gia Olous
1981: Voskopoulos – Kardia Mou Moni
1981: Stelios Kazantzidis 1953-60
1981: Stelios Kazantzidis 1961-63
1982: Tolis Voskopoulos – Den Thelo Na Thimame
1982: O Stelios Kazantzidis Tragouda Mpampi Mpakali
1982: Stelios Kazantzidis – I Megales Epitichies Tou
1983: Giannis Spartakos – 50 Chronia Tragoudi
1983: 30 Chryses Epitihies Tou Miki Theodoraki No. 2
1983: 30 Chronia Kaldaras No.2
1983: Manos Hadjidakis – 30 Spanies Erminies No. 2
1983: Ta 14 Chasapisa Tou Hthes Ke Tou Simera
1984: Stelios Kazantzidis – Anekdota Tragoudia Stis 33' Strofes
1984: Antonis Kalogiannis – Mikra Erotika
1984: Kostas Virvos – Tesseris Dekaeties
1985: Kazantzidis – Mia Gyneka Efyge (Anekdota Tragoudia Stis 33' Strofes)
1985: Kazantzidis Gia Panta No. 1 (Historical recordings 1952 – 1963)
1985: Mikis Theodorakis & Manos Hadjidakis - Synavlies 1961 (Live)
1985: O Mikis Theodorakis Sto Kentrikon (Live)
1985: Ta Laika Tis Nichtas (Athens by night)
1985: Antonis Kalogiannis – Ke Pou les Eftichia
1985: Gia Ta Pedia
1986: Kazantzidis Gia Panta No. 2 (Historical recordings 1952 – 1963)
1986: Stelios Kazantzidis – Tora
1987: Takis Bougas – Ring
1987: Manolis Chiotis – To Deka To Kalo
1988: O Giannis Markopoulos Ston Elliniki Kinimatografo
1988: Giannis Parios – Pistos
1990: Ola mesa
1990: Klisis, Proklisis, Prosklisis
1990: Stelios Kazantzidis – Anekdota Tragoudia Stis 33' Strofes nο. 3
1993: San Palio Cinema
1995: En Plo (Ypourgio Emporikis Naftilias)
1996: Mpampis Mpakalis – Megales Epitichies
1996: Lefka Christougenna
1996: Stelios Kazantzidis – Tragoudia Apo Tis 45' Strofes
1997: Giorgos Zampetas – Tragoudia Apo Tis 45' Strofes
1997: Stelios Kazantzidis – Tragoudia Apo Tis 45' Strofes No. 2
2000: Kazantzidis – Tragoudia Apo Tis 45' Strofes no. Festival Internacional Da Canção 1968 Rio
 2004 – Athens 2004 Olympic Games

Marinella in Greek cinema
The following table is a record of all instances of Marinella in films of Greek cinema, from the 1960 by 1966 with Stelios Kazantzidis and from 1967 by 1970 itself.Video sampling

References

External links
Marinella – Fan Club in Pathfinder
ΜΑΡΙΝΕΛΛΑ – Διαδικτυακό Αφιέρωμα

1938 births
Living people
Arion Music Awards winners
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1974
Greek actresses
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Greece
20th-century Greek women singers
Greek laïko singers
Greek entehno singers
Greek rebetiko singers
Universal Music Greece artists
PolyGram Records (Greece) artists
Minos EMI artists
Musicians from Thessaloniki
Singers from Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki Song Festival entrants
Greek Macedonians

masks:
Marinella (
Marinella
Marinella
Marinella
Marinella
Marinella
Marinella
Marinella
Marinella
Marinella
Marinella


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<mask> (August 5, 1798January 10, 1883) was a prominent Argentine jurist and policy-maker, as well as his country's first Vice President. Life and times

Early life
Born in the Andes-range city of San Juan, Argentina, <mask> was a precocious student, and enrolled in the University of Córdoba Law School while still in his teens. Mentored by the school's prestigious ecclesiastical Dean, Gregorio Funes, <mask> received a juris doctor in 1816, at age 18. He relocated to Buenos Aires, the capital of the newly declared United Provinces of South America, and following a stint as a journalist, he was appointed as an official in the Finance Ministry. General <mask>, Governor of his native San Juan Province (which had recently seceded from Mendoza Province), called on <mask> to replace Francisco Narciso de Laprida as his Minister of Government in 1822, the highest-ranking advisory position. Amid the turmoil surrounding the Argentine War of Independence, however, Pérez de Urdininea was returned to active duty in Bolivia by General José de San Martín, leaving <mask> as Governor of San Juan. Governor of San Juan
Taking office in January 1823, the 24-year-old Governor undertook an ambitious modernization program, commissioning the construction of roads, bridges, water works, public buildings and parks, purchasing the province's first printing press, and establishing San Juan's first newspaper.Inheriting a province devastated by the wars, he ordered the first Agricultural Census and created a charitable association. The first lawyer to occupy the governor's post, he established San Juan's judicial system and in 1825, promulgated the "May Charter," the province's first constitution. The liberal May Charter, the first in Argentina to guarantee freedom of worship and mandate the separation of church and state, also forced the closure of monasteries, and ran into arduous opposition from the Catholic Church. Facing a firestorm of protest, the governor was overthrown on July 26, and the May Charter was publicly burned. National policy-maker

<mask>'s efforts, however, had gained him the respect of the influential Bernardino Rivadavia, a Buenos Aires lawmaker who, in 1826, was elected the first President of Argentina, and who appointed <mask>il Argentina's first Finance Minister. Saddled by the Cisplatine War, the nation's finances became dependent on credit from Baring Brothers in London, and <mask>il offered the nation's exports as collateral. His introduction of the Argentine peso fuerte - the first local currency convertible into gold, and the first in Argentina with that name - concentrated wealth into exporters and others with access to hard currency, making peso circulation scarce for the public in general and the war more difficult to finance.Rivadavia's National Bank was mismanaged under <mask>, additionally, and unrest resulted in President Rivadavia's resignation in 1827. The dissolution of national government ensued within months, in favor of an Argentine Confederation. The advent of the populist Governor of Buenos Aires Province, Manuel Dorrego, was opposed by <mask>, who became an adviser to a conservative insurrection led by General Juan Lavalle. Lavalle's violent 1828 overthrow of Dorrego returned <mask> to the cabinet as Finance and Foreign Minister. A countercoup led by General Juan Manuel de Rosas, a supporter of Dorrego's, forced Lavalle to call elections, though <mask>'s manipulation of the results triggered Rosas' overthrow and <mask>'s subsequent exile in Montevideo. Exile and return
<mask> remained an active opponent of Rosas' while in exile, supporting a failed 1830 invasion of Entre Ríos Province and negotiating an entente with the Governor of Corrientes Province. He struggled financially, however, though these difficulties were mitigated by his meeting Tiburcia Domínguez y López Camelo, whom he married and had seven children with.Rosas' grasp on power began to slip after the 1838 blockade imposed by France following the death of a French journalist in Buenos Aires, and <mask> was named Supply Commissioner to the French Navy fleet stationed in the Río de la Plata. His tenure in the post attracted controversy, however, when he became conspicuously wealthy in the process. The 1843 overthrow of his ally, President Fructuoso Rivera of Uruguay, forced <mask> yet again into exile, and he fled to Brazil. He cultivated a friendship via correspondence with the powerful Governor of Entre Ríos, Justo José de Urquiza, in subsequent years, and following the latter's defeat of Rosas' forces in the 1852 Battle of Caseros, <mask> returned to Argentina. Vice Presidency

<mask> was elected to the assembly that approved the 1853 Argentine Constitution. Enmities remaining from the Rosas era thwarted an opportunity to return to the Governor's post in San Juan, however, and despite his personal efforts, Buenos Aires lawmakers rejected the new constitution. His belonging to the Buenos Aires-centric Unitarian Party and rapport with Urquiza (whom Buenos Aires distrusted) made <mask> an easy choice for the latter's running-mate in the elections that November, however, and their national unity ticket was elected handily in the electoral college.President Urquiza took care to preserve balance in his government between the two camps, placing the Vice President as a counterweight to the Federalist Interior Minister (Home Secretary), Santiago Derqui. <mask> became the most prominent voice for Buenos Aires interests in the administration, and compounded with a falling-out with erstwhile allies in his native San Juan Province, this ultimately frustrated his hopes that Urquiza might support his 1860 presidential candidacy (support which was tantamount to victory). Nominating Derqui instead, Urquiza's choice led to renewed conflict with Buenos Aires, and to Derqui's resignation and exile in 1861. National unity on the brink, <mask> negotiated a settlement between Urquiza and the leader of the Buenos Aires insurrection, General Bartolomé Mitre, and when the latter was elected President the following September, <mask> was appointed to the Argentine Supreme Court. <mask> was a conservative justice, and reliably voted in favor of the executive's frequent use of state of siege declarations and capital punishment. This record helped him secure an appointment as Chief Justice in 1870 by Mitre's supporter and successor, President Domingo Sarmiento, and an uneventful tenure ended with his retirement in 1877. He was again in the spotlight, however, after the 1881 publication by historian Ángel Carranza of correspondence between <mask> and Lavalle during the 1828 coup.The letters revealed that <mask> pressed for the duly-elected Governor Dorrego's execution, advising Lavalle that claims of a fair trial should be concocted, adding that "if we should need to lie to posterity, we lie." The former Vice President lived afterwards in seclusion, and died in his Buenos Aires home in 1883, at age 84. Epilogue

<mask> became a wealthy man, and in later life owned over 130,000 hectares (330,000 acres) of land in the agriculturally productive La Pampa Province (worth around a million dollars, at the time). Debts incurred by his wife's spending habits strained the marriage, however, and the seasoned lawyer obtained a discharge of his responsibility for their repayment (leaving the debts in her name, solely). The couple subsequently separated, and after the judge's 1883 burial in an ornate La Recoleta Cemetery crypt, Mrs. <mask> commissioned the grave's sculptor, Camilo Romairone, to create a bust of her likeness - with its back turned towards that of her husband's; she died in 1898. References

1798 births
1883 deaths
People from San Juan, Argentina
Argentine people of Spanish descent
National University of Córdoba alumni
Argentine lawyers
Argentine businesspeople
Governors of San Juan Province, Argentina
Argentine diplomats
Argentine newspaper founders
Argentine Ministers of Finance
Vice presidents of Argentina
Supreme Court of Argentina justices
Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery
Patrician families of Buenos Aires

masks:
Salvador María del Carril
del Carril
del Carril
José María Pérez de Urdininea
del Carril
del Carril
Del Carril
del Carr
del Carr
del Carril
del Carril
del Carril
del Carril
del Carril
Del Carril
del Carril
del Carril
del Carril
Del Carril
del Carril
Del Carril
del Carril
del Carril
Del Carril
del Carril
del Carril
Del Carril
del Carril


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<mask> (; born 26 April 1943) is a Swiss architect whose work is frequently described as uncompromising and minimalist. Though managing a relatively small firm, he is the winner of the 2009 Pritzker Prize and 2013 RIBA Royal Gold Medal. Early life
<mask> was born in Basel, Switzerland. His father was a cabinet-maker, which exposed him to design from an early age and he later became an apprentice for a carpenter in 1958. He studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule (arts and crafts school) in his native city starting in 1963. In 1966, <mask> studied industrial design and architecture as an exchange student at Pratt Institute in New York. In 1968, he became conservationist architect for the Department for the Preservation of Monuments of the canton of Graubünden.This work on historic restoration projects gave him a further understanding of construction and the qualities of different rustic building materials. As his practice developed, Zumthor was able to incorporate his knowledge of materials into Modernist construction and detailing. His buildings explore the tactile and sensory qualities of spaces and materials while retaining a minimalist feel. Career

<mask> founded his own firm in 1979. His practice grew quickly and he accepted more international projects. <mask> has taught at University of Southern California Institute of Architecture and SCI-ARC in Los Angeles (1988), the Technical University of Munich (1989), Tulane University (1992), and the Harvard Graduate School of Design (1999). Since 1996, he has been a professor at the Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio.His best known projects are the Kunsthaus Bregenz (1997), a shimmering glass and concrete cube that overlooks Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Austria; the cave-like thermal baths in Vals, Switzerland (1999); the Swiss Pavilion for Expo 2000 in Hannover, an all-timber structure intended to be recycled after the event; the Kolumba Diocesan Museum (2007), in Cologne; and the Bruder Klaus Field Chapel, on a farm near Wachendorf. In 1993 Zumthor won the competition for a museum and documentation center on the horrors of Nazism to be built on the site of Gestapo headquarters in Berlin. Zumthor's submission called for an extended three-story building with a framework consisting of concrete rods. The project, called the Topography of Terror, was partly built and then abandoned when the government decided not to go ahead for financial reasons. The unfinished building was demolished in 2004. In 1999, Zumthor was selected as the only foreign architect to participate in Norway's National Tourist Routes Project, with two projects, the Memorial in Memory of the Victims of the Witch Trials in Varanger, a collaboration with Louise Bourgeois (completed in 2010), and a rest area/museum on the site of an abandoned zinc mine. For the Dia Art Foundation in Beacon, New York, Zumthor designed a gallery that was to house the “360° I Ching” sculpture by Walter de Maria; though the project was never completed.<mask> is the only foreign architect to participate, with two projects, the Memorial in Memory of the Victims of the Witch Trials in Varanger, a collaboration with Louise Bourgeois (2011), and a rest area/museum on the site of the abandoned Allmannajuvet zinc mines, in operation from 1882 to 1898, in Norway (2016). In November 2009, it was revealed that Zumthor is working on a major redesign for the campus of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Recently, he turned down an opportunity to consider a new library for Magdalen College, Oxford. He was selected to design the Serpentine Gallery's annual summer pavilion with designer Piet Oudolf in 2011. Currently, Zumthor works out of his small studio with around 30 employees, in Haldenstein, near the city of Chur, in Switzerland. Recognition

In 1994, he was elected to the Academy of Arts, Berlin. In 1996, he was made an honorary member of the Bund Deutscher Architekten (BDA).In 1998, <mask> received the Carlsberg Architectural Prize for his designs of the Kunsthaus Bregenz in Bregenz, Austria and the Thermal Baths at Vals, Switzerland (see below). He won the Mies van der Rohe Award for European Architecture in 1999. Recently, he was awarded Praemium Imperiale in (2008) and the Pritzker Architecture Prize (2009). In 2012, he was awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal. Literature

<mask>'s work is largely unpublished in part because of his philosophical belief that architecture must be experienced first hand. His published written work is mostly narrative and phenomenological. Thinking Architecture

In Thinking Architecture <mask> expresses his motivation in designing buildings that have an emotional connection and possess a powerful and unmistakable presence and personality.It is illustrated throughout with color photographs by Laura J. Padgett of Zumthor's new home and studio in Haldenstein. “To me, buildings can have a beautiful silence that I associate with attributes such as composure, self-evidence, durability, presence, and integrity, and with warmth and sensuousness as well; a building that is being itself, being a building, not representing anything, just being. The sense that I try to instil into materials is beyond all rules of composition, and their tangibility, smell, and acoustic qualities are merely elements of the language we are obliged to use. Sense emerges when I succeed in bringing out the specific meanings of certain materials in my buildings, meanings that can only be perceived in just this way in this one building. When I concentrate on a specific site or place for which I am going to design a building, when I try to plumb its depths, its form, its history, and its sensuous qualities, images of other places start to invade this process of precise observation: images of places I know and that once impressed me, images of ordinary or special places places that I carry with me as inner visions of specific moods and qualities; images of architectural situations, which emanate from the world of art, or films, theater or literature.”

Atmospheres

Atmospheres is a poetics of architecture and a window into Zumthor's personal sources of inspiration. In nine short, illustrated chapters framed as a process of self-observation, Zumthor describes what he has on his mind as he sets about creating the atmosphere of his houses: images of spaces and buildings that affect him are every bit as important as particular pieces of music or books that inspire him. From the composition and “presence” of the materials to the handling of proportions and the effect of light, this poetics of architecture enables the reader to recapitulate what really matters in the process of house design.In conclusion, <mask> has described what really constitutes an architectural atmosphere as "this singular density and mood, this feeling of presence, well-being, harmony, beauty...under whose spell I experience what I otherwise would not experience in precisely this way." <mask>or Therme Vals

Therme Vals is the only book-length study of this singular building. It features the architect's original sketches and plans for its design as well as Hélène Binet’s striking photographs of the structure. Architectural scholar Sigrid Hauser contributes essays on such topics as "Artemis/Diana," "Baptism," "Mikvah," and "Spring"—drawing out the connections between the elemental nature of the spa and mythology, bathing, and purity. Annotations by <mask>or on his design concept and the building process elucidate the structure's symbiotic relationship to its natural surroundings, revealing, for example, why he insisted on using locally quarried stone. Therme Vals's scenic design elements, and Zumthor's contributions to this book, reflect the architect's commitment to the essential and his disdain for needless architectural flourishes. Seeing Zumthor
Seeing Zumthor represents a unique collaboration between Zumthor and Swiss photographer Hans Danuser, containing Danuser's images of buildings created by Zumthor.More than twenty years ago, in a milestone event of twentieth-century architectural photography, Danuser photographed, at Zumthor's invitation, two buildings: the protective structure built for archaeological excavations in Chur and St. Benedict's Chapel in Sumvitg. When first shown in exhibition, those photos ignited a lively debate that has been revived with a recent exhibition of Danuser's photographs of Zumthor's most famous work, the spa at Therme Vals. Seeing Zumthor collects these three important series of Danuser's pictures and includes essays by leading art historians exploring the relationship between the two seemingly different disciplines or architecture and photography. Personal
Zumthor and his wife, Annalisa <mask>-Cuorad, have three children. Principal works
1983 Elementary school Churwalden, Churwalden, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1983 House Räth, Haldenstein, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1986 Shelters for Roman archaeological site, Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland.1986 Atelier Zumthor, Haldenstein, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1989 Saint Benedict Chapel, Sumvitg, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1990 Art Museum Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1993 Residential home for the elderly, Masans, Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1994 Gugalun House, Versam, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1996 Spittelhof housing, Biel-Benken, Basel, Switzerland. 1996 Therme Vals, Vals, Graubünden, Switzerland.1997 Kunsthaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria. 1997 Topography of Terror, International Exhibition and Documentation Centre, Berlin, Germany, partly built, abandoned, demolished in 2004. 1997–2000 Swiss Pavilion EXPO 2000, Hannover, Germany. 1997 Villa in Küsnacht am Zürichsee Küsnacht, Switzerland. 1997 Lichtforum Zumtobel Staff, Zürich, Switzerland. 1999 Cloud Rock Wilderness Lodge, Moab, Utah, United States. 2007 Bruder Klaus Kapelle, Mechernich-Wachendorf, Germany.2007 Kolumba – Erzbischöfliches Diözesanmuseum, Cologne, Germany. 2009 Leiser Ensemble, Leis/Vals, Graubünden, Switzerland
2011 Steilneset Memorial for the Victims of the Witch Trials, Vardø, Norway
2011 Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2011, London, England
2012 Werkraum Bregenzerwald Hof 800, 6866 Andelsbuch, Austria
2016 Rest area/museum, Allmannajuvet zinc mines
2018–24 (under construction) LACMA, Los Angeles, CA. Awards
1987, 2017: Auszeichnungen für gute Bauten Graubünden, Switzerland. 1989: Heinrich Tessenow medal, Technische Universität Hannover, Germany. 1991: Gulam, European wood-glue prize. 1992: Internationaler Architekturpreis für Neues Bauen in den Alpen, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1993: Best Building 1993 award from Swiss tc's 10vor10, Graubünden, Switzerland.1994: Auszeichnung guter Bauten im Kanton Graubünden, Switzerland. 1995: International Prize for Stone Architecture, Fiera di Verona, Italy. 1995: Internationaler Architekturpreis für Neues Bauen in den Alpen, Graubünden, Switzerland. 1996: Erich-Schelling-Preis für Architektur, Erich-Schelling-Stiftung, Germany. 1998: European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture (aka Mies van der Rohe Award) for Kunsthaus Bregenz. 1998: Carlsberg Architectural Prize. 2006: Spirit of Nature Wood Architecture Award.2006: Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture, University of Virginia. 2008: Praemium Imperiale, Japan Arts Association
2009: Pritzker Prize
2013: RIBA Royal Gold Medal for 2013, announced September 2012, award ceremony February 2013

References

External links

Architect <mask>or photo gallery at Time, 2009
"Slideshow: The Pritzker Prize Winner," Sarah Williams Goldhagen, The New Republic, 16 April 2009
Interview with <mask>or Interview by Francesco Garutti Klat magazine, 2011
Conversation with <mask> and Toni Hildebrandt
Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2011 — designed by <mask>or. Channel.louisiana.dk: "Different Kinds of Silence" (2015 video) — interview of <mask>or by Louisiana Channel. zumthor.org - presentation of projects

Architecture educators
Modernist architects
1943 births
Living people
Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale
Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal
Harvard Graduate School of Design faculty
Pratt Institute alumni
People associated with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art
People from Basel-Stadt
20th-century Swiss architects
21st-century Swiss architects
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy
Swiss architects

masks:
Peter Zumthor
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Peter Zumthor
Peter Zumthor
Peter Zumth
Peter Zumth
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<mask>, 1st Duke of the Infantado, or <mask>arez de Figueroa (Guadalajara, Castile, 25 September 1417 – Manzanares el Real, Spain, 25 January 1479) was a Spanish noble. Biography
He was the eldest son of the well known literary man of the 15th century, <mask>, (1398–1458), 1st marquis of Santillana since 1447. He became 2nd marquis of Santillana when his father died in 1458. The title Duke of the Infantado was awarded to him by the Catholic Monarchs, <mask> and Isabel I of Castile, on 22 July 1475. This was one of the most important duchies in Spain : around 1535, it was associated to the personal lives of some 90,000 vassal families,  perhaps about 3-4% of the people from the whole Peninsular kingdoms constituting by then the actual country described as Spain. At that time, that was an enormous number of people. American conquerors, European and American  regions Viceroys, on areas adding up to several hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, cities  and estensive territorial areas names,   bishops and cardinals of the Catholic Church stem out and settled in many places originating for some 300 years, from this powerful family.Construction of the New Castle of Manzanares el Real

The old castle of Manzanares el Real was the residence of a part of the Mendoza family since the end of the 14th century. The old castle of Manzanares el Real belonged to one the 1st Duke's aunts, a powerful and ruthless (elder) step sister of his father Íñigo, a duchess named Aldonza <mask>(circa 1380–1435). Her mother was a member of the troublesome Royal bastards of the middle of the 14th century, the ubiquitous Enriquez family. When Aldonza died in 1435 the nephew, Íñigo, a Lasso de la Vega by his mother, and father of this 1st Duke, insisted over and over again to King Juan II of Castile, on becoming a count of what is now Manzanares el Real. In the last third of the 15th century, the House of Mendoza decided to build a new palatial castle, larger and more luxurious, more fitting for the economic and political influence achieved by this family. <mask> started the works on the New Castle of Manzanares el Real in 1475, but it was his elder son who finished the works after his death. The castle is used now as a fancy place near Madrid for glamorous weddings, social events,  banquets and so on.Marriage and children

<mask> married firstly Brianda <mask> y Mendoza. They had:
 Íñigo <mask> Mendoza y Luna, 2nd Duke of the Infantado, married <mask> Luna
 <mask> Mendoza, married Alonso Ramírez <mask>, 1. conde de Aguilar
 <mask> Mendoza, married <mask> <mask>, 2. <mask> de Cabra
 Mencía <mask> <mask> y Luna, married  Beltrán <mask> Cueva, 1st Duke of Alburquerque. <mask> <mask>, married Mencia <mask> Vega

He remarried with <mask> Noronha, and had:
 <mask> Mendoza, married Juan Pérez <mask>, 2. marqués de Moya
 Beatriz <mask>, married <mask> Castilla, 3. señor de Gor

Political background of this Mendoza's family branch

<mask> <mask> had several cadet brothers and sisters, another 9 or so, using different names which didn't impact future genealogists:

 <mask> <mask> y Suárez <mask>gueroa, Duque del Infantadon a.k.a. <mask> <mask>, 1. duque of l'Infantado, (1417–1479),  in English Wikipedia. Notice that the 2nd duke, the 4th and the 5th, grandson of the 4th because his father, who would have been the 5th, died before the 4th were called Iñigo Lópes <mask>, while the 3rd, the assumed to be 5th but who died before the 4th, and the 6th were all called <mask> <mask> at the least, within successive generations. Íñigo <mask> Mendoza, 1st count of Tendilla, second son, the title being awarded by king Henry IV of Castile in 1465. While his oldest  brother, later a duke,  was named as <mask> <mask>, his grandfather name,   this second child of the 1st marquis of Santillana was registered as Iñigo <mask> Mendoza, the same as his father and other earlier ancestors.However, his inheritor was also named Iñigo <mask> Mendoza. The first count was considered Iñigo <mask> Mendoza y Suarez <mask>, while the 2nd count of Tendilla  would be described as Iñigo <mask> Mendoza y Quiñones as his mother came from the Leon kingdom "Quiñones" family. Pedro Lasso <mask>, señor del valle de Lozoya. Here, Lasso was used to honor the memory of the "Lasso de la Vega" the mother's Cantabrian family. They were not people with outstanding political or military power records. Mencía <mask>, wife of <mask> <mask>elasco, count of Haro, a.k.a.<mask> <mask>elasco  y Manrique <mask>. She did not use either the "Hurtado de " or the "Lópes de" particles in her name, but it is interesting she described herself as a "Mendoza" rather than a "Lasso de la Vega" or as "Suárez de Figueroa" female, because of her grandmother or her mother, as many noble females used to do before the mid 15th-century times in Castile.Lorenzo Suárez <mask> y Figueroa, count of la Coruña. Title by king Henry IV of Castile, dated 28 April 1469. Notice, that here "Suarez de", from his mother's family name, is grafted before the "Mendoza", leaving "Figueroa" as the second part of his mother's name, something rather unusual until then. Apparently, this title was awarded again by king Charles I of Spain, a.k.a. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to Rodrigo Pacheco. In 1969, General Francisco Franco, recognized this title for aristocratic lady Marta Cotoner y Martos, married to motor car manufacturer Valeriano Barreiros, 2nd son of self-made motor industry man Eduardo Barreiros y  Nespereira. This self-autarchy Spanish cars factory was bought later by the American Chrysler Corporation,  while the Barreiros family, an industrial group from Galicia, NW of Spain, where the General came from, were given the status of a protected multiservices company, dealing mainly on Diesel motors manufacturing, trade, agricultural commodities, export, import, cinema and Television business.These industrial ventures related to Spanish Fascism do not seem to arouse today the morbidity of other political events at the time. Pedro González <mask>, (May 3, 1428 – January 11, 1495) was a most notorious  Spanish cardinal and statesman. Three of his male children, born out of wedlock while he was already a Catholic bishop were "legitimized",  as a token of generosity towards the "three beautiful sins of our cardinal" by the ruling Queen Isabel I of Castile, a.k.a. "The Catholic", deceased 1504, half sister of king Henry IV of Castile, who had died December 1474. <mask> <mask>, señor de Colmenar, El Cardoso y El Vado. Notice the name "<mask> <mask>" is used here again as in the case of the first son. Possibly an illegitimate child.<mask> Mendoza, wife of Pero Afán <mask>, Conde de los Molares. Leonor <mask> Vega y Mendoza, wife of  Gastón <mask> Cerda Sarmiento, count of Medinaceli. She was named for her grandmother Leonor (Lasso) <mask> Vega, almost a medieval reminiscence in contrast to her other sisters. <mask> <mask>, señor de  Tamajón. Here again another "<mask> <mask>" as his grandfather, the frequently unfaithful father of the 1st marquis of Santillana, who died while visiting one of his lovers, from the "Ayala" family in Toledo in the company of his bossy daughter from his first marriage, the later duchess Aldonza <mask>, for ever fighting with her younger half brother the first marquis and Poet,  Iñigo. Some sources

Santillana, M. <mask>, Obras completas, edición, introducción y notas de Gómez Moreno, Á., y Kerkhof, M. P.A.M., Planeta, Autores Hispanos, 1988. .

1417 births
1479 deaths
1
15th-century Castilians

masks: Íñigo López de Mendoza y Lasso de la Vega


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<mask> (December 3, 1964 – June 21, 2015) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1988 and 2001 for the Milwaukee Brewers, Texas Rangers, San Francisco Giants, Colorado Rockies, and New York Mets. <mask> prepped at Louisiana State University Laboratory School in Baton Rouge and then attended Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. Baseball career

Milwaukee Brewers
<mask> was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 11th round of the 1986 Major League Baseball draft and signed a contract with them on June 12, 1986. He made his professional debut that season with the Helena Gold Sox of the Rookie-level Pioneer League, hitting .391 in 65 games. In 1987 with the Stockton Ports of the Class A California League, he hit .328 in 125 games with eight homers and 61 RBI, on a team that was rated one of the top farm teams in Brewers history. He began 1988 with the Denver Zephyrs of the Class AAA American Association, where he hit .325 in 72 games. <mask> made his MLB debut on June 3, 1988, as a defensive replacement for Robin Yount in the top of the seventh against the California Angels.In his first at-bat, in the bottom of the inning, he singled to center field off of Stew Cliburn of the Angels for his first major league hit. He hit his first home run off of Bret Saberhagen of the Kansas City Royals on July 19, 1988. In 44 games with the Brewers during the second half of the 1988 season, <mask> hit .184. His most notable moment that season was during his first start in left field, on September 3, he collided with shortstop Dale Sveum while chasing a blooper over third base. They collided with such force that Sveum's leg snapped, causing him to miss the rest of the season and all of the 1989 season and derailing his career. <mask> avoided injury but spent the entire 1989 season back in the minors with the Zephyrs, where he hit .286 in 129 games. In 1990, despite missing time with injuries, <mask> played in 89 games and hit .295.He was awarded with the Brewers "Unsung Hero Award" in 1990 and the "Good Guy Award" in 1991 when he hit .311 in 122 games while still dealing with an assortment of injuries. <mask> stole 41 bases for the Brewers in 1992, while hitting .298 in 128 games. The Brewers as a team stole 256 bases, which was almost 100 more than the second place American League (AL) team. In a game on August 28, 1992, the Brewers set an AL record by recording 31 hits in a single game in a 22–2 rout of the Toronto Blue Jays. <mask> had four hits and five RBI in that game. When long-time Brewer star Paul Molitor left via free agency before the 1993 season, <mask> became more important to the Brewers offense. He had some more injuries this season, but <mask> still led his team in batting average (.310), hits (161), singles (130) and stolen bases (21) and was awarded with the team's "Harvey Kuenn Award."The Brewers decision to move <mask> from right field into center field for the 1994 season contributed to Hall of Famer Robin Yount's decision to retire after the 1993 season. In 1994, <mask> played in only 36 games (hitting .262) before he was shut down for the season and underwent reconstructive elbow surgery. Despite missing most of the season, the Milwaukee chapter of the Baseball Writers Association voted him the recipient of the "Michael Harrison Award" for community service. <mask> was also one of the Brewers player representatives during the leadup to the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike. In his final season as a member of the Brewers, in 1995, <mask> played in 112 games and hit .271 with 11 stolen bases. In his seven seasons with the team, he had an overall .290 batting average in 666 games and hit 23 home runs, drove in 253 RBI and stole 109 bases. After the 1995 season, the Brewers declined <mask>'s $2.5 million contract option, making him a free agent.<mask> filed a grievance against the Brewers, claiming that he was benched in the weeks of the season in order to keep him from reaching 550 plate appearances which would have automatically picked up the option. The grievance was resolved in an undisclosed negotiated settlement. Texas Rangers
<mask> signed with the Texas Rangers on a one-year, $1.3 million, contract on December 14, 1995, for the 1996 season. He was critical of the Brewers when he signed with the Rangers, saying they were not interested in building a winning team. <mask> played in a career best 148 games with the Rangers and was their regular starting center fielder. He hit .293 with six homers and 51 RBI and also stole 15 bases. He described his experience with the Rangers as "great."<mask> did not make an error all season and led all center fielders in putouts as the Rangers put a premium on defense that season. The Rangers won the American League West division and the first playoff berth in franchise history. In the 1996 American League Division Series against the New York Yankees, <mask> had three hits in 19 at-bats as the Rangers dropped the series three games to one . San Francisco Giants
<mask> signed a two-year contract with the San Francisco Giants on January 10, 1997. On June 12, he got the first hit in the first-ever regular-season interleague game, when the Giants defeated the Rangers 4–3. In 125 games, <mask> had a .270 batting average, five homers, 43 RBI and 15 stolen bases. In the 1997 National League Division Series, <mask> was hitless in five at-bats as the Giants were swept in three games by the eventual World Series champion Florida Marlins.He followed that up by playing in 97 games for the Giants in 1998 and hitting .294. Colorado Rockies
The Giants traded <mask> and Jim Stoops to the Colorado Rockies for Ellis Burks on July 31, 1998. <mask> was surprised by the trade, wanting to complete his contract in San Francisco. In 51 games he hit .335. He re-signed with the Rockies after the 1998 season for one year and $3.6 million and played in 91 games in the 1999 season with an OBP of .374 for them. New York Mets
<mask> was traded to the New York Mets with Chuck McElroy for Rigo Beltrán, Brian McRae, and Thomas Johns on July 31, 1999. He played with the Mets through the 2001 season.In his three seasons with them he played in 150 games and hit .283. <mask> and the Mets played in the post-season in both 1999 and 2000. In 1999, the Mets made the playoffs as a result of winning a one game playoff against the Cincinnati Reds. Once in, they defeated the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 1999 National League Division Series before losing to the Atlanta Braves in six games in the National League Championship Series. <mask> had six hits in 17 at-bats in that series. In 2000, the Mets defeated the San Francisco Giants in four games in the 2000 National League Division Series and the St. Louis Cardinals in five games in the 2000 National League Championship Series. <mask> was a part-time player in the series, with only five at-bats in the division series and two in the championship series.In the 2000 World Series against the New York Yankees was hitless in three at-bats with two strikeouts as the Yankees won the series in five games. <mask> was disappointed with his playing time during the playoffs and had a meeting with manager Bobby Valentine during spring training the following year to discuss his reduced playing time. Things did not improve for him and he asked for his release at the end of June, and it was granted on July 11, 2001. He signed a minor league contract with the Rockies a week later, but was released on July 25 after four games with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. He retired at the end of the 2001 season. Over his 13-year career, <mask> batted .291, with 51 home runs and 454 RBI in 1328 games. As an outfielder, he collected 2711 putouts and 45 assists, committing only 14 errors in 2770 total chances, for a .995 fielding percentage.Broadcasting career
<mask> worked for MLB Advanced Media from 2003 to 2006 and also worked for NBC Sports Network's Sports Talk and KPRC-TV in Houston. Also in Texas, <mask> lent his voice to KFNC and KGOW. At the conclusion of the 2006 baseball postseason, <mask> began working in the Major League Baseball Commissioner's Office of On-Field Operations, reporting to Vice President Bob Watson. In 2012, <mask> was named as a color analyst for a limited series of Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim games to be broadcast nationally by Compass Media Networks radio. In 2013, he joined the MLB Network as an on-air analyst. In 2014, <mask> served as a part-time color analyst on Brewers radio broadcasts, rotating with Craig Counsell and Jerry Augustine to call games with Joe Block when primary announcer Bob Uecker was absent. Personal life
<mask> was married in 1994 to Access Hollywood anchor Shaun Robinson; they later divorced.<mask> married fashion model Ursaline Steinke in 2000, with whom he had two sons, Donovan and Julian. At the time of his death, <mask> was living in an affluent neighborhood in suburban Houston, Texas, in a house belonging to his girlfriend, Monica Jordan. Jordan, a graduate of Florida State University and University of Houston Law Center, was an attorney who had been employed by Enron and Halliburton. The couple had a son together in 2014. Death
Around 4:45 p.m. on June 21, 2015, <mask>, 50, and his girlfriend, Monica Jordan, 44, were found dead in their Pearland, Texas, house, in what appeared to be a murder-suicide. Investigators said it appeared <mask> had been shot more than once and Jordan died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. <mask> and Jordan's 13 month-old child was found alive by police in the home and taken into the custody of Texas Child Protective Services.According to Pearland police, there did not appear to have been a struggle and the incident "occurred just inside the front door." A third party called 9-1-1. According to Brazoria County District Attorney Jeri Yenne, Jordan previously pleaded guilty to felony arson arising from a 2008 incident in which she burned down the house in which she had been living with her then-husband Rohaven Richards. Jordan allegedly had suspected Richards of cheating on her and chased him around the house while trying to douse him in gasoline. References

External links

The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia – Gary Gillette, Peter Gammons, Pete Palmer. Publisher: Sterling Publishing, 2005. Format: Paperback, 1824pp.Language: English. <mask> at Baseball Library

1964 births
2015 deaths
2015 murders in the United States
Louisiana State University Laboratory School alumni
Nicholls State University alumni
Major League Baseball center fielders
Colorado Rockies players
Milwaukee Brewers players
New York Mets players
San Francisco Giants players
Nicholls Colonels baseball players
Texas Rangers players
African-American baseball players
Baseball players from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
People from Dallas
Sportspeople from Manhattan
Helena Gold Sox players
Stockton Ports players
Denver Zephyrs players
Phoenix Firebirds players
St. Lucie Mets players
Norfolk Tides players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
American murder victims
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim announcers
MLB Network personalities
Milwaukee Brewers announcers
Deaths by firearm in Texas
People murdered in Texas
Murder–suicides in Texas
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people

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Darryl Quinn Hamilton
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<mask> (November 26, 1888 – March 23, 1979) was an American lawyer and diplomat. Early years

<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois, on November 26, 1888, the son of <mask> (1840–1907) and <mask> (1851–1936). His family lived in Hartland, Wisconsin. Their wealth derived from one of America's largest soap manufacturing concerns, which was founded by <mask>'s grandfather in Utica, New York, in 1839, relocated to Chicago in 1860, and capitalized as James S. Kirk & Co. in 1900. <mask> was a director of the company. Its two national brands were "American Family" for laundry and "Juvenile" for the bath. <mask> was "fat" and "unhappy" in childhood and enjoyed drawing.At age 9, he attended the Art Institute of Chicago until his family decided he was too young to be drawing nude models. He was then sent to work incognito in a soap factory until his identity was discovered. He was then tutored at home for half the year by Hughell Fosbroke, future head of the General Theological Seminary of New York, spending the other half traveling in Europe with his mother and sister. <mask> attended the University of Chicago for one year and then Yale University, where he excelled in physics and graduated in 1909. He appeared with the Yale University Dramatic Association in 1908 and 1909. <mask>'s father died of a heart attack in 1907. He next spent two years at the School of Political Sciences in Paris.In order to fulfill his mother's promise to his late father, he earned his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1914. He was admitted to the Illinois bar. He joined the board of the family business at a salary of $10,000 a year. <mask> had two sisters, Gertrude 24 years his senior and Margaret his near contemporary. His sister Margaret married Albert Billings Ruddock in New York's Cathedral of St. John the Divine in March 1912. The couple left for Berlin following the ceremony. Ruddock was third secretary of the American Embassy in Berlin in 1913, when Mrs. <mask> visited the couple there.In 1954 Ruddock became chairman of the board of trustees of California Institute of Technology, where an undergraduate residence hall was named for him in 1960. Diplomatic career
<mask> joined the American Diplomatic Service on March 6, 1915. In 1916, he was transferred from his post as secretary of the embassy in Berlin to a position in Constantinople. <mask> served as private secretary to the Secretary of State during World War I and accompanied him in that position to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. He then lived in "a commodious old house in Georgetown with his mother to act as hostess on the occasion of his entertainments", until posted to Peking as secretary of the embassy. He managed the State Department budget for a time in the 1920s, and later said he thought it "an obligation" to spend the entire amount in order to support the argument for additional appropriations. <mask> was counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Rome in 1932.His mother was presented to Queen Elena of Italy on March 9, 1932. She lived in Rome during his service there, and <mask> entertained important guests at her home, the Villa Spada on the Janiculum. Even in 1930, long before rising to ambassadorial rank, he entertained lavishly. He hosted an opera party for Mrs. William Randolph Hearst on her 1930 tour of Europe. <mask> was assigned to Moscow as embassy counselor and consul general effective March 18, 1938, where he was the senior official in the nine-month interim between the service of Ambassadors Davies and Steinhardt. He served as chargé d'affaires in Berlin beginning in May 1939 and became the senior officer when the American ambassador, Hugh R. Wilson, was recalled to protest the anti-Jewish attacks of Kristallnacht. Though his status was too low to allow access to important officials in the German government, he communicated with them by staging conversations close to a device the Germans used to eavesdrop on his conversations.Time called him "adroit" in his "uncomfortable post". The recall of Wilson as a way of protesting Kristallnacht greatly offended the Nazi regime, and senior German officials generally snubbed <mask> to show their disapproval. The American historian Abraham Asher described <mask>'s dispatches from Berlin as generally accurate, though his lack of high-level contacts limited his sources of information. He developed contacts with Germans who opposed the Nazi regime and became convinced, in spite of Germany's early victories, that the war would end badly for Germany. Discussing with noted dissident Helmuth James von Moltke the need for Germany to suffer complete defeat with no one to blame but its Nazi leaders, he said: "Do you want to know my solution? It's a flood without an ark." During the war, in 1943, Moltke twice tried without success to contact <mask>, whom he trusted as an intermediary between the German opposition and the Allies.In August 1939, the journalist Louis P. Lochner showed <mask> the text of the Obersalzberg speech, asking him to transmit back to Washington, but <mask> was not interested, leading Louchner to turn next to the British diplomat George Ogilvie-Forbes who did indeed transmit it to London. During the Danzig crisis, <mask> found playing himself a bit role. On 24 August 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent telegrams to both Adolf Hitler and President Ignacy Mościcki appealing to them to find a compromise to end the crisis. Hitler chose not to reply, but Mościcki wrote back that his nation was not the one "formulating demands and demanding concessions", but stated he willing to open negotiations with the Reich on the status of the Free City of Danzig (modern Gdańsk, Poland). As Hitler continued to refuse to answer Roosevelt's telegrams, <mask> was sent to see der Fűhrer with a copy of Mościcki's reply. As Hitler refused to see him, he instead met on the evening of 26 August with the state secretary of the Auswärtiges Amt, Baron Ernst von Weizsäcker. <mask> argued to Weizsäcker that since for the first time, the Poles were willing to open talks on changing the status of Danzig, which might allow Danzig to "go home to the Reich", that this represented a potential breakthrough on finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.Weizsäcker replied he would pass on <mask>'s note for "the consideration of the Foreign Minister", and was otherwise evasive about what his government was planning to do in response. <mask> served briefly as embassy counselor in Rome before becoming minister to Egypt in 1941, when Time magazine described him as "smooth, spare". From March 29, 1941, to March 29, 1944, <mask> served as Ambassador to Egypt, first as head of the U.S. Legation and then of the embassy. King Farouk of Egypt had a strong dislike of homosexuals, and <mask>'s relations with the king were distant. By contrast, <mask> was close to Farouk's archenemy, the British ambassador, Sir Miles Lampson, which made for further difficulties as <mask> tended to back Lampson in his dealings with the king. <mask> took the view that it was crucial that the British 8th Army stop the advance of the German Afrika Korps, and given Farouk's pro-Axis sympathies, Lampson's high-handed treatment of the king was necessary. He advised the State Department in 1941 that a Jewish state "is incapable of realization in the future unless imposed by force on an unwilling native population."Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles did not share his assessment and did not forward <mask>'s views to the White House. Drawing on his experience with Nazi propaganda and antisemitism in Germany, <mask> expanded the embassy's coverage of Radio Berlin's Arabic-language broadcasts, providing complete translations of what came to be known as the "Axis Broadcasts in Arabic" along with his weekly analysis from 1941 to 1944, which Hull circulated widely. He dissected the Nazis' manipulation of anti-colonial, anti-Jewish, and anti-Bolshevik sentiment and their charges that Roosevelt and Churchill were being manipulated by their Jewish supporters. At the beginning of his Cairo tenure, <mask> focused on the strategic necessity of Allied victory in the Middle East because it would be impossible to counter the Nazi's exploitation of an Axis victory in its propaganda. Once the Allies won control of the region, he stressed political analysis and repeatedly underscored the critical role of the Egyptian capital in Arab nationalism. As <mask> looked to the end of the war, he anticipated a post-colonial world in which nations operated freely in a free enterprise environment, unlike Secretary of State Cordell Hull who expected the persistence of traditional spheres of influence, notably that of Great Britain in Egypt. While posted to Cairo, <mask> kept one house in the city for lunch, another near the pyramids for dinner and sleeping, and a houseboat on the Nile.As ambassador, <mask> was noted for his eccentricities such as wearing lavender silk tuxedos; maintaining a houseboat on the Nile flamboyantly decorated with white ostrich feathers and a framed picture of his mother with candles burning around it; and his insistence on only drinking milk from an Egyptian water buffalo he adopted and named after his mother. Even through <mask> was as openly gay as it was possible to be in the 1940s, he was popular with the diplomatic corps in Cairo, who liked him for his charm, and his frequent parties on his houseboat were always well attended. He hosted FDR, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek at the second house for the November 1943 Cairo Conference. He has been described as "an archeological dilettante" who liked to lecture his guests as they gazed at the pyramids. Clare Boothe Luce claimed to have flummoxed him by pre-empting his performance by asking: "Mr. Ambassador, what are those strange-looking objects?" Along with several military men <mask> devised the successful plan to attack Rommel's communications instead of his ground forces.He later received the United States of America Typhus Commission Medal for his support of the commission's work during his time in Egypt. While resident in Cairo, <mask> was also accredited to the government-in-exile of Greece until November 13, 1941, and to Saudi Arabia until July 18, 1943. <mask> was appointed U.S. representative on the Allied Advisory Council for Italy, with the rank of ambassador, on April 4, 1944. He was appointed Ambassador to Italy on November 30, 1944, and in January 1945 became the first ambassador of any country to present his credentials to the new Italian government. Upon his appointment, Time gave him the title "suave Career Man". He resigned in 1946. When the American Office of War Information produced an Italian-language publication, <mask> insisted it be labeled propaganda to maintain a clear distinction between what Italians were accomplishing for themselves or not.In August 1945, he received petitions from Soviet prisoners of war, taken by the Germans and liberated by Allied forces. They wrote to him in his role as political advisor to Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) and claimed the status of "political refugees" and asked "in the name of humanity" not to be repatriated to the Soviet Union. <mask> wrote to Secretary of State Byrnes seeking guidance, a diplomatic way of expressing his reservations about the repatriation policy. He was instructed to make certain none of the prisoners was actually from Poland or the Baltic States and to proceed with the repatriations. <mask> was long famous for entertaining and continued even when forced to operate in Rome "under a wartime minimum". Six or eight guests joined him for lunch or dinner, often many more. One Friday lunch he hosted about 20 enlisted men.Though some involved in recruiting the guests worried that a Negro corporal might not be well received, <mask> gave him the place of honor on his right. Life described him near the end of his career: "To call <mask> an ornament of the State Department is almost a libelous understatement. ... <mask>'s true value resides in the fact that he is an American who, far from being an innocent abroad, knows Europe infinitely better than most Europeans. This makes him almost unique in the current roster of U.S. foreign representatives in the diplomatic, charitable, or didactic spheres. <mask>'s career should be studied in detail, like The Education of Henry Adams." Fortune in July 1946 called him "foppish, intelligent, and very rich". <mask> predicted in 1945 that future diplomats should be technical experts "chosen for the ability not only to diagnose economic, industrial and political trends, but also to adjust their dislocations before they can start wars."He lamented the willingness of governments to spend on wars far more than on the diplomacy that might prevent them. A few years after <mask>'s retirement, as Senator Joseph McCarthy launched a campaign against suspected homosexuals in government, one investigator's 1948 report charged that State Department employees Carmel Offie and Charles W. Thayer "were very close personal friends of former Ambassador <mask> who is not now in the service but who had a very bad reputation of being a homosexual and certainly protected a lot of homosexual people." Personal life
In the 1920s, when he was counselor to the American Embassy in Rome, <mask> remodeled a significant building in Georgetown, the Robinson house, at the corner of Wisconsin Avenue and R Street and "filled it with furniture, rugs, hangings and objects of art brought from the Orient." In 1942 he sold this estate, including its "elaborate formal gardens, outsize ballroom, marble-floored billiard room, and swimming pool", to Evalyn Walsh McLean, mining heiress and owner of the Hope Diamond. While posted to Berlin, he lived in an "enormous mansion" in the "swank" Grunewald neighborhood. One German who visited described it as "one vast hall after another, and he quiet alone in the midst of it. Very funny; a little like the theatre."His staff of servants spoke only Italian. He held "a large buffet luncheon every Sunday noon, as a means of revenging himself for such hospitality as his position required him to accept." While ambassador in Rome, <mask> lived in the Barberini palace, which he redecorated. He filled a large enclosure the size of a tennis court with "Renaissance tables and settees covered in ivory silk", according to Life magazine, to create what he termed "a sort of cozy sitting room". When Life profiled him in 1945, it reported that he had always established fine residences wherever he was posted: "The Ambassador is fond of houses, and especially big ones. Equipped with ample private funds and the courage of his complexes, <mask> sees no reason why he should not capitalize the chance his profession gives him to indulge this fondness, all the more since such indulgence usually works out to the benefit of the State Department in one way or another." His nickname around this time was "Buffy".In 1945 he attributed "his excellent health to the fact that he has never worn himself down by any form of exercise more violent than scratching, which he only does when suffering from insomnia at 6 a.m."

He planned to retire to Arizona and bought a piece of land in the White Mountains at the end of World War II. He joked that he would live there not in a house but in a cave. Another diplomat reported that he retired to the mountains of Colorado and "amused himself operating a ranch and raising cattle" for a few years before relocating to Texas. His sister <mask> Metzeroff died in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1948 at the age of 84. According to her obituary, her brother <mask> was then living in Washington, D.C., and Santa Barbara, California, while her sister Margaret was living in Santa Barbara. <mask> died in Tucson, Arizona, on March 23, 1979. He is buried with his mother in Rome's Protestant Cemetery (Cimitero Acattolico).In his 1967 memoirs, George F. Kennan sketched an affectionate portrait of <mask>, as he knew him in Berlin before America entered World War II: "a confirmed bachelor, profoundly saddened by the recent death of an adored mother who, while she was alive, had preempted much of both his companionship and his emotional life, <mask> drowned the inner emptiness in the performance of his arduous official duties", sleeping in an office alcove while working 16 to 18 hours daily. He continued:

<mask> claimed he escaped from diplomatic functions by whatever ruse the situation required. At one embassy in Rome he found it necessary to leave by a door he could only reach by going under a grand piano. "In a case of this sort, <mask> recommends slow motion, which, he says, often prevents witnesses from even noticing a maneuver which, if executed fast, might horrify them." He insisted his favorite color was gray. He never had fresh flowers, rather he collected artificial ones in his favorite color. His wardrobe and household were maintained by a servant named Mario, who joined the <mask> household in Mexico early in <mask>'s career and continued through his stint as ambassador in Rome.Notes

Ambassadors of the United States to Greece
Ambassadors of the United States to Italy
Ambassadors of the United States to Saudi Arabia
Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
Yale University alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Illinois lawyers
University of Chicago alumni
Lawyers from Chicago
Art Institute of Chicago
People from Hartland, Wisconsin
1888 births
1979 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Egypt
Burials in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome
United States Foreign Service personnel
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American diplomats

masks:
Alexander Comstock Kirk
Alexander Comstock Kirk
James Alexander Kirk
Clara Comstock
Kirk
James Alexander Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Alexander Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Gertrude Kirk
Alexander
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk
Kirk


text_chunks:
<mask> (February 3, 1960 – February 18, 1993), better known by his ring name <mask>, was an American professional wrestler. He was part of the <mask> family of professional wrestlers. He is best known for his time with his father's promotion World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW), where he spent eleven years of his career, and his time in World Wrestling Federation (WWF), under the ring name The Texas Tornado. Adkisson held forty championships in various promotions during his career. Among other accolades, he was a one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, four-time WCWA World Heavyweight Champion, making him an overall five-time world champion and one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion. Professional wrestling career

NWA Texas / World Class Championship Wrestling (1978–1989)

Debut (1978–1979)
<mask> was the son of wrestler <mask>. His brothers, David, Kevin, Mike, and Chris, were also wrestlers.<mask> was also a standout in high school track and field and possessed a record-breaking discus throw. He debuted in his father's promotion, NWA Texas/Big Time Wrestling on May 7, 1978 against Paul Perschmann. In Big Time Wrestling, he held many Texas Tag Team and American Tag Team titles. American Heavyweight Champion and American Tag Team Champion (1980–1983)
Most of <mask>'s fame was made in Texas' World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW), where he was nicknamed "The Modern Day Warrior", a reference to his entrance music ("Tom Sawyer" by Rush). On December 28, 1980, his first NWA American Heavyweight Championship reign came after he defeated Gino Hernandez for the vacant title. He lost the title to Ken Patera before winning his second NWA American Heavyweight Championship from The Masked Superstar. In May and June 1981, <mask> exchanged the NWA American Heavyweight Championship with Ernie Ladd.On October 25, he teamed with Terry Orndorff and they defeated The Great Kabuki and Chan Chung to win the NWA American Tag Team Championship. After having short angles as a singles wrestler, he began teaming with his brother Kevin. On March 15, 1982, the two brothers wrestled Gary Hart and King Kong Bundy to a double disqualification. On June 4, <mask> defeated former NWA World Heavyweight Champion Harley Race, elevating him to main event status. <mask> started feuding with the NWA World Heavyweight Champion Ric Flair. On August 15, he got his very first shot at the NWA title against Flair at Christmas Star Wars in a two out of three falls match, which Flair won to retain the title. On December 25, <mask> got his next title shot against Flair in a no disqualification steel cage match, with Michael "P.S."Hayes, as the special guest referee. The Fabulous Freebirds helped <mask> to win the match, but he refused to take their help and said that he didn't want to win by cheating. Terry Gordy slammed the cage door on <mask>'s head, which led to Flair winning the match and retaining the title. This culminated in a historic feud between the <mask>s and the Freebirds that lasted for over five years. NWA World Heavyweight Champion and feud with The Fabulous Freebirds (1983–1984)
On June 17, 1983, he teamed with Bruiser Brody to defeat the Fabulous Freebirds for the NWA American Tag Team Championship. On July 4, <mask> and his elder brothers Kevin and David defeated the Fabulous Freebirds in a two out of three falls match to win the NWA Texas Six-Man Tag Team Championship. They lost the titles back to the Freebirds on August 12.On September 5, the brothers took on the Fabulous Freebirds in a rematch for the titles; the Freebirds retained their titles by pinning <mask>. On November 24, <mask> defeated Michael Hayes in a loser leaves Texas steel cage match. On December 2, the <mask>s defeated the Freebirds for their second NWA Six-Man Tag Team Championship. On December 25, <mask> defeated Kamala by disqualification. On January 30, 1984, he teamed up with his brothers Mike and David against the Fabulous Freebirds in a six-man tag team match, which the <mask>s lost by disqualification. <mask>'s biggest career highlight was on May 6, 1984, when he beat "Nature Boy" Ric Flair in a historic match, in front of over 45,000 fans at Texas Stadium to win the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. <mask>'s victory was a tribute to his brother David, who had died three months earlier and for whom the event, the David Von Erich Memorial Parade of Champions, was named.He lost the belt 18 days later in Yokosuka, Japan, back to Flair in a bout that was marred by controversy: <mask>'s feet were on the bottom rope following a reversed rollup, but the referee ignored this and made the count. <mask> has the 12th shortest NWA World title reign in history. In reality, the NWA only allowed <mask> a short reign, and was told to drop the belt to Flair before the Night of Champions encounter on May 29 between Flair and Ricky Steamboat. On July 4, the <mask>s lost the six-man tag title to the Fabulous Freebirds. The title was held up due to the Freebirds winning after interference by Killer Khan. On September 3, they defeated the Freebirds in a handicap steel cage Loser Leaves Texas match for his fourth six-man tag title reign. Later feuds (1984–1989)
After ending their rivalry with the Fabulous Freebirds, <mask> brothers next feuded with Gino Hernandez, Chris Adams, and Jake Roberts.<mask>'s angle with Adams was born out of Adams' angle with his brother Kevin, which began on September 28, 1984 (when Adams turned heel against Kevin following a tag team loss). In order to remain on kayfabe terms, Adams and <mask> wrestled as a tag team two days later in San Antonio, since the heel turn had not aired on television yet. On October 27, 1984, Hernandez, Adams, and Roberts defeated the <mask>s to win the Six Man Tag Title in a match that saw Bobby Fulton substitute for an injured Kevin. On October 29, he defeated Gino Hernandez for his fifth NWA American Heavyweight Championship. On November 22, he teamed with Iceman Parsons to defeat Jake Roberts and Kelly Kiniski. He later refereed a Texas Deathmatch between longtime rival Terry Gordy and Killer Khan, which Gordy won, via <mask>'s decision. On December 25, <mask> again got a shot at the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, a title he had lost many months ago.The champion Ric Flair intentionally got disqualified to retain the title. On December 31, the <mask>s defeated Hernandez, Roberts, and Adams to regain their NWA Six-Man Tag Team Title. During his last days in WCCW, <mask> <mask> would be embroiled in a feud with Jerry "The King" Lawler (AWA World Heavyweight Champion) over who would be the Undisputed Heavyweight Champion. <mask> was then the WCWA (World Class Wrestling Association (World Class' final used name before the USWA days) Heavyweight Champion. They would meet at an interpromotional event called SuperClash III to settle the dispute. Prior to this match, <mask> accidentally cut his arm causing it to bleed. During the match, he also received a cut to the head.When he later had Lawler in a clawhold on the mat with Lawler's shoulders down, the referee saw the blood on <mask>'s head, thought it was excessive, and stopped the match. The crowd thought <mask> won by submission but instead "due to excessive bleeding" the referee stopped the match and awarded the decision and the WCWA Championship to Jerry Lawler. This would mark the end of <mask>'s WCWA run. Various promotions (1979–1988)
<mask> worked for various promotions working for All Japan Pro Wrestling, New Japan Pro-Wrestling, UWF Mid-South, Championship Wrestling From Florida, and Central States Wrestling. His most successful was St. Louis Wrestling Club from 1979 to 1985, where he once held the NWA Missouri Heavyweight Championship in 1983. He was  <mask> made his Madison Square Garden debut for World Wrestling Federation on March 24, 1980 defeating Jose Estrada. On September 28, 1985, <mask> made an appearance for American Wrestling Association's SuperClash defeating Jimmy Garvin to retain the NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship.In 1988 he went to Continental Wrestling Association in Tennessee where he feuded with Jerry Lawler. United States Wrestling Association (1989–1990)
<mask> did continue to wrestle at the Dallas Sportatorium under the USWA banner, which acquired World Class in early 1989. He formed a tag team with Jeff Jarrett, winning the Tag Team Title with him. He also won the Texas heavyweight title twice. In 1990, <mask> feuded violently with Matt Borne, who turned heel during a ringside interview; during one match, the two battled outside the Sportatorium into the parking lot during a thunderstorm. Manager Percy Pringle also turned heel, and began feuding with <mask>. During the height of their angle, <mask> abruptly left the USWA/World Class and joined the WWF, leaving the Von Erich tradition to older brother Kevin (who was considered semi-active) and Chris.Honorary <mask> "Gentleman" Chris Adams then became the Sportatorium's main headliner, feuding with Pringle, Steve Austin, and Jeanie Clarke. World Class withdrew from the USWA soon thereafter, but without <mask>, manager Gary Hart, and lack of television and revenues, World Class ceased operations three months later. World Wrestling Federation (1990–1992)

Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship and various feuds (1990–1991)
In June 1990, <mask> signed a contract with Vince McMahon's World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He debuted on the Saturday Night's Main Event XXVII as a fan favorite under the ring name Texas Tornado (while being openly acknowledged as <mask> <mask> by announcers), defeating Buddy Rose, who coincidentally was his first opponent in his career. While WWF announcers didn't openly mention <mask>'s past accomplishments, they did acknowledge that he was a veteran superstar who didn't have to prove anything to anyone. At SummerSlam, Tornado substituted for the injured Brutus Beefcake and defeated Mr. Perfect to win the Intercontinental Championship.After he became champion, Tornado defended the title for three months including a match against Haku on the October 13 Saturday Night's Main Event XXVIII before losing the title back to former champion Mr. Perfect in a rematch on the December 15 (taped November 19) edition of Superstars. <mask> lost this match, and the title to Perfect due to interference from Ted DiBiase. <mask> would go on to get revenge against Dibiase in a series of matches. At Survivor Series in 1990, while still Intercontinental Champion, he wrestled in a Survivor Series match where he teamed with the WWF Champion The Ultimate Warrior (formerly The Dingo Warrior in World Class) and the Legion of Doom (Hawk and Animal). He was eliminated by long-time rival Mr. Perfect, but his team won the match.At the Royal Rumble in 1991, he participated in the Royal Rumble match where he entered fifth and was eliminated by The Undertaker after lasting nearly half an hour. He made his only WrestleMania appearance at WrestleMania VII, defeating Dino Bravo following a Tornado Punch. <mask> continued to be heavily pushed for the first half of 1991 and did not suffer another pinfall defeat until August 17, 1991 when he was defeated by The Warlord in Landover, MD. At SummerSlam, he teamed with the British Bulldog and Ricky Steamboat in a six-man tag team match to defeat the team of The Warlord and Power and Glory (Paul Roma and Hercules). Final storylines and departure (1991–1992)
In October 1991, <mask> renewed his old rivalry with Ric Flair, being among the first names to face him in the ring after the NWA World Champion joined the WWF that August. Flair defeated <mask> multiple times during the WWF's October tour of the UK. The following month, "The Texas Tornado" suffered his first lopsided loss when he was squashed by The Undertaker in less than four minutes on the November 10, 1991 episode of Wrestling Challenge.At Survivor Series, he teamed with Sgt. Slaughter, Jim Duggan, and Tito Santana against Colonel Mustafa, The Berzerker, Skinner, and Hercules. He did not eliminate anyone, but his entire team survived. He made his last pay-per-view (PPV) appearance at the Royal Rumble in 1992; he participated in the Royal Rumble match for the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship. He was eliminated by the eventual winner Ric Flair, the man <mask> beat eight years before for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. <mask>'s push continued to subside in early 1992. He was relegated to a house show feud with Skinner in which he came out victorious; in February he began a house show series with Rick Martel and was winless.After an absence of two months following the real life breakdown of his marriage and subsequent divorce, <mask> returned to action following WrestleMania VIII and defeated Marc Roberts on the April 18, 1992 episode of Superstars. However he now found himself as an opening card act programmed against low level competition like Barry Horowitz, Kato, and Skinner. While undefeated against them in multiple matches, <mask> was unable to move back up into contention as he suffered several losses against Rick Martel, Nailz, and Kamala. <mask>'s final wrestling appearance on WWF TV was a loss to Shawn Michaels on the July 26, 1992 edition of WWF Prime Time Wrestling. Although <mask> was announced to face Papa Shango at the SummerSlam PPV card in London, UK, he was replaced by El Matador and he officially left the WWF in August 1992. Last years (1992–1993)
<mask> returned to Texas and claimed the USWF Texas Heavyweight Championship, which he lost to Dynamite Dixon in November 1992. This would be <mask>'s last championship belt.He made an appearance for Eastern Championship Wrestling on January 23, 1993 for ECW's Battle of the Belts against Salvatore Bellomo in a double disqualification. <mask> returned to Dallas to compete in the Global Wrestling Federation (GWF), where he began teaming with former arch-rival Chris Adams. <mask>'s final match took place on February 12, 1993. It was a tag team match in the GWF at the Sportatorium on which <mask> and Chris Adams lost via disqualification to Johnny Mantell and Black Bart. Motorcycle accident and suicide
On June 4, 1986, <mask> was in a motorcycle accident that nearly ended his life. He suffered a dislocated hip and a badly injured right leg. Doctors were unable to save his right foot, eventually amputating it.According to his brother Kevin, <mask> injured the foot following surgery by attempting to walk on it prematurely, thus forcing the doctors to amputate it. He continued wrestling after the accident with a prosthesis and kept the amputation secret to the majority of fans and fellow wrestlers, even going to the extreme of showering with his boots on. His amputation was kept secret from the public until after his death. However, Roddy Piper stated in his autobiography: "We were the best of friends. In fact, he felt comfortable enough to sit with me in a hotel and shoot the breeze with his prosthetic off". After the amputation of his foot, <mask> became addicted to pain killers, followed by several drug problems. Among the many of them were two arrests, the first of which resulted in probation.One day after being indicted for the second charge, which likely would have resulted in extensive jail time (being a violation of his probation), <mask> died by suicide with a single gunshot to the heart with a .44 caliber pistol on February 18, 1993 on his father's ranch in Denton County, Texas, just 15 days after his 33rd birthday. Bret Hart states in his autobiography, My Real Life in the Cartoon World of Wrestling, that while he and <mask> were on the road to Fort Wayne, Indiana on October 29, 1990, <mask> had told him that he had decided to join his late brothers in heaven, and was waiting for God to tell him when. Bret told <mask> that his living daughters would need him more than his late brothers. <mask> mostly convinced Bret that he had changed his mind, but Bret feared that it was only words. <mask> told Bret again in the summer of 1992 that he wanted to follow his three late brothers David, Mike and Chris (the latter two of whom had died by suicide), and that they were calling him. <mask>'s marriage had fallen apart earlier in 1992 and according to Hart, <mask> believed that his death was inevitable. Posthumous induction in WWE Hall of Fame (2009)
On March 16, 2009, WWE.com announced that the <mask> family would be inducted into the 2009 class of the WWE Hall of Fame by longtime rival, Michael Hayes.The family members inducted were Fritz, Kevin, David, <mask>, Mike, and <mask> <mask>. Kevin received rings for his father, Fritz, as well as each of his brothers. WWE made two Hall of Fame rings with <mask> <mask>'s name inscribed on the interior which were presented by <mask> <mask> to <mask>'s daughters, Hollie and Lacey, attending with their mother Cathy (<mask>'s ex-wife). The event was held close to the <mask>s' home at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas on April 4, 2009. In other media
<mask> <mask> posthumously appears in Dark Side of the Ring (season 1 episode 4) and the video games Legends of Wrestling, Legends of Wrestling II, Showdown: Legends of Wrestling, WWE 2K17, and WWE 2K18. He appeared briefly as a prisoner in Problem Child. Personal life
<mask> was married on June 18, 1983, to Catherine M. Murray.They had two daughters, Hollie Brooke (born September 19, 1984) and Lacey (born July 17, 1986). The couple divorced on April 22, 1992.

masks:
Kerry Gene Adkisson
Kerry Von Erich
Von Erich
Kerry
Fritz Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry Von
Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry Von
Erich
Kerry
Von Erich
Von Erich
Von Erich
Von Erich
Von Erich
Von Erich
Kerry
Von Erich
Von Erich
Von Erich
Von Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry
Chris Von
Erich
Kerry Von
Erich
Kevin Von
Erich
Kerry
Kerry
Von Erich
Kerry Von
Erich
Kerry


text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 22 October 1988) is a Macedonian association footballer. Muarem plays as a midfielder. He most recently played for the Macedonian First Football League side Shkupi and has played for Qarabağ in Azerbaijan, Eskişehirspor, Orduspor in Turkey and FK Rabotnički in Macedonia at club level as well as the Macedonia national football team, for whom he has three caps, all won in 2011. He has also represented Macedonia at under-17, under-19 and under-21 level. Muarem is right-footed. Club career

Rabotnicki Skopje
Born in Skopje to Turkish parents, Muarem spent his youth career with Rabotnicki Skopje, turning professional in the 2008–09 season  and making four appearances for the first team. He made his debut for the club in a 0-0 draw with Azerbaijan's Inter Baku on 15 July 2008 in a 2008-09 UEFA Champions League qualifier, being brought on after 50 minutes by manager Boban Babunski.The midfielder had a short loan spell at lower–league Macedonian club FK Teteks, playing four games. Muarem then became a regular fixture in the first team, playing twenty times in 2009–2010 in the Macedonian First League as well as competing in Europe against Mika FC of Armenia and FC Lusitanos of Andorra, scoring against the latter in a 5-0 win on 1 July 2010. Despite this success at Rabotnicki in such a short amount of time, Muarem moved on to Orduspor in Turkey. Orduspor

Muarem moved to TFF First League outfit Orduspor ahead of the 2010–11 season, signing a contract on 18 August 2010  that was designed to keep him at the club until May 2013. Muarem made his debut for Orduspor just three days after signing for them, in a 1-1 draw with Kayseri Erciyesspor. Muarem scored a brace for his new club on just his third Orduspor appearance, opening and finishing the scoring in a 4-0 win over İstanbul Güngörenspor on 11 September. The midfielder also scored against Altay Izmir in a 2-1 loss and against Boluspor in a 2-1 win in October 2010.He regularly played under the manager who had signed him, Uğur Tütüneker, but when Tütüneker resigned in March 2011, Muarem's appearances became few and far between. He played just twice in April and once in May under new manager Metin Diyadin and it was no surprise when Muarem's contract with Orduspor was cancelled and he returned to Rabotnicki. Muarem made his last appearance for Orduspor in a 1-0 away victory against Denizlispor on 15 May 2011. He wore the no.19 shirt for the club. Return to Rabotnicki

After being made a free agent due to his contract with Orduspor being terminated, Muarem had offers from former club Rabotnicki Skopje and Azerbaijani side AZAL PFC. He chose to return to the city of his birth, signing a two-year contract in August 2011. Muarem made his second debut for Rabotnicki in a 1-0 loss at FK Vardar on 9 August 2011.He then played in both legs of Rabotnicki's 9-1 aggregate loss to S.S. Lazio in the UEFA Europa League, being replaced in the second half of both games. Muarem scored his first goals since returning to Rabotnicki against FK Napredok on 24 September 2011, netting his team's first and last goals in a 4-0 win. The midfielder made his final appearance for Rabotnicki in a 1–1 draw with FK Teteks on 10 December 2011. Qarabağ

In February 2012 it was announced that Muarem had joined Azerbaijan Premier League club FK Qarabağ, signing a three–and–a–half year contract. Muarem joined fellow Macedonian Nderim Nedzipi at the club. Upon joining Qarabağ, Muarem stated that he was pleased to have signed for the club as he enjoyed the team's style of play. Although initially expected to make his debut for Qarabağ on 10 February 2012, bad weather postponed his first appearance until 15 February, when he came on as a second–half substitute for Bakhtiyar Soltanov in a 3–0 away win at FC Baku.Muarem made his home debut on 20 February 2012 in a 1–0 win over Kapaz PFC, again coming on as a late replacement for Bakhtiyar Soltanov. The midfielder's first goal for the club came in an Azerbaijan Cup match away to Gabala FC on 14 March 2012. After replacing Rashad Sadiqov with fifteen minutes of the match remaining, Muarem scored a last-minute equaliser to earn Qarabağ a 2–2 draw. A month later Muarem scored his first league goal for Qarabağ, netting a late consolation in a 4–2 loss to FC Baku on 22 April 2012. He played the full ninety minutes of Qarabağ's 4–1 loss to Khazar Lankaran on 11 May 2012 in the club's final game of the season. Qarabağ eventually finished fourth in the Azerbaijan Premier League. Muarem scored in the opening game of the 2012-13 season, netting Qarabağ's goal in a 1-1 draw with Inter Baku on 5 August 2012.He was also in target in his third league appearance of the season, scoring Qarabağ's fourth goal in a 6-1 rout at Sumgayit PFC on 19 August. Muarem had to wait until 31 October for his next league goal; his consolation only served to reduce the deficit in Qarabağ's 2-1 loss to Gabala FC. He then scored in Qarabağ's next league game, netting the team's first goal in a 2-0 win over AZAL PFC on 4 November 2012. He had to wait six months for his next league goal, which arrived in a 3-1 win over FC Baku on 14 May 2013. On 23 October 2014 the midfielder scored the winner in Qarabag's 1-0 victory against Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk in the Europa League. Eskişehirspor
On 5 June 2015, Muarem signed a three-year contract with Turkish Süper Lig side Eskişehirspor. On 20 November 2015, Muarem left Eskişehirspor after his contract was cancelled by mutual consent.Return to Qarabağ
On 7 January 2016, Muarem signed a -year contract with Azerbaijan Premier League club Qarabağ. Aktobe
On 7 July 2017, Muarem signed with Kazakhstan Premier League club Aktober. Flamurtari Vlorë
On 11 December 2017. Muarem signed Albanian Superliga side Flamurtari Vlorë. International career

Youth teams

Muarem played three times for Macedonia under-17, making his debut in a 4-1 loss to Georgia on 20 September 2004. He then racked up another three appearances for Macedonia under-19 before moving on to the under-21 team. The midfielder made his debut for the under-21s against England on 4 September 2009 in a 2-1 loss.He went on to make nine appearances for the team, scoring his first international goal in his second under-21 appearance, a 1-1 draw with Lithuania on 9 September 2009, scoring in the first minute of the match. He scored his second goal a month later against England, netting a low free-kick that brought his team back into the game at 2-1. He also scored against Portugal and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Muarem played his final game for the under-21s in the 2-1 loss to Greece on 4 September 2010. Senior team

Despite being born in Skopje, Muarem is of Turkish descent and was eligible to play for the Turkish national team before he represented Macedonia at senior level. Muarem made his senior debut for Macedonia under manager John Toshack in a 1-0 loss to Russia on 2 September 2011 in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier, coming on as an 85th-minute substitute for Veliče Šumulikoski. He then made his second international appearance in the 1-0 victory against Andorra on 6 September, being booked in the first half and substituted in the 77th minute.Muarem earned his third cap for Macedonia in the 4-1 loss to Armenia on 7 October 2011. He was substituted at half-time. Following Goran Popov's injury and Mario Gjurovski's withdrawal, Muarem was named as a late addition to Macedonia's squad for friendlies against Portugal and Angola. He failed to feature against Portugal in a 0–0 draw on 26 May 2012, but came on for Agim Ibraimi in injury time in the 0–0 stalemate with Angola three days later. Career statistics

Club

Honors

Club
Qarabağ FK
Azerbaijan Premier League (4): 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17
Azerbaijan Cup (2): 2014–15, 2015–16

References

External links
 Profile at MacedonianFootball.com

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Skopje
Macedonian people of Turkish descent
Association football midfielders
Macedonian footballers
North Macedonia youth international footballers
North Macedonia under-21 international footballers
North Macedonia international footballers
FK Rabotnički players
FK Teteks players
Orduspor footballers
Qarabağ FK players
Eskişehirspor footballers
FC Aktobe players
Flamurtari Vlorë players
FK Shkupi players
Macedonian First Football League players
TFF First League players
Süper Lig players
Azerbaijan Premier League players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Albanian Superliga players
Macedonian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in Azerbaijan
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate footballers in Albania
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Albania