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Abū <mask>ākānī (), referred to as Bajkam, Badjkam or Bachkam (from Bäčkäm, a Persian and Turkish word meaning a horse- or yak-tail), was a Turkish military commander and official of the Abbasid Caliphate. A former ghulam of the Ziyarid dynasty, <mask> entered Abbasid service following the assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardavij in 935. During his five-year tenure at the Caliphate's court at Baghdad, he was granted the title of amir al-umara, consolidating his dominance over the caliphs al-Radi and al-Muttaqi and giving him absolute power over their domains. Bajkam was challenged throughout his rule by various opponents, including his predecessor as amir al-umara, Muhammad ibn Ra'iq, the Basra-based Baridis, and the Buyid dynasty of Iran, but he succeeded in retaining control until his death. He was murdered by a party of Kurds during a hunting excursion in 941, shortly after the accession of al-Muttaqi as Caliph. Bajkam was known both for his firm rule and for his patronage of Baghdad intellectuals, who respected and in some cases befriended him. His death led to a void in central power, resulting in a brief period of instability and fighting in Baghdad.Early military career and service under Ibn Ra'iq
Details of Bajkam's early life are unknown. He was a Turk, and began his career as one of the ghilman (military slaves, usually of Turkish origin) of a vizier to the Daylamite warlord Makan ibn Kaki in northern Iran. His master then made a gift of his ghilman, including Bajkam, to Makan. The latter took care of the young Bajkam's training and education, something for which the latter showed his gratitude by adopting his patron's name as his nisba (surname). After Makan was defeated by Mardavij, founder of the Ziyarid dynasty, who came to control Daylam, Jibal and Tabaristan, he entered Mardavij's service, along with many others among Makan's ghilman. Mardavij mistreated his ghilman, who consequently murdered him at Isfahan in January 935, an act in which Bajkam may have been complicit. After Mardavij's death, most of the ghilman in Ziyarid service dispersed.Bajkam and his fellow officer Tuzun assumed the leadership of a large group and, after first offering their services to the new governor of Jibal, Hasan ibn Harun, proceeded to the Abbasid court at Baghdad. At first, their offers were rejected by the court, where the Caliph's Hujjariya bodyguards jealously guarded their prerogatives, but the ghilman were eventually taken into the service of Muhammad ibn Ra'iq, governor of Basra and Wasit in southern Iraq. Now known as Bajkam Ra'iqi, Bajkam created a large military force under his command consisting of his own followers as well as additional Turks and Daylamites summoned from Jibal. In early November 936, the Caliph al-Radi () bestowed the newly created title of amir al-umara ("commander of commanders") on Ibn Ra'iq, who was effectively granted absolute control over the Caliphate. This provoked the reaction of various provincial governors as well as that of powerful interest groups in Baghdad itself, such as the caliphal bodyguards. Against them, Ibn Ra'iq employed Bajkam and his Turkish supporters. With their aid, he managed to neutralize the Hujariyya and Saji guard units, after which, in February 937, Bajkam was rewarded with the posts of sahib al-shurta (chief of police) and governor of the eastern provinces.Far more difficult and protracted was the war against the ambitious governor of Ahwaz, Abu Abdallah al-Baridi, who aimed to supplant Ibn Ra'iq. Al-Baridi's family was of Basran origin, and had served the Abbasids in various roles as officials before managing to assert a weak hold over Khuzistan. Ibn Ra'iq himself was defeated and forced to leave Basra to the Baridis, but <mask> saved the situation by scoring two major victories, despite being outnumbered, that allowed him to take possession of Khuzistan. The hard-pressed al-Baridi now turned to his powerful neighbour, the Buyid ruler of Fars, Ali ibn Buya, for help. Ali's brother Ahmad soon took over Khuzistan, and Ibn Ra'iq was forced to offer possession of the province as an independent domain if Bajkam would recover it. Bajkam however was repulsed by the Buyid forces, and fell back to Wasit. Ignoring Ibn Ra'iq's orders to retake Khuzistan, Bajkam remained at Wasit, and began plotting to depose Ibn Ra'iq himself.To this end, Bajkam began seeking allies: he offered the governorship of Wasit to the Baridis, and through the former vizier Ibn Muqla, who wished to avenge himself on Ibn Ra'iq for his own downfall and confiscation of his property, gained the covert support of Caliph al-Radi himself. In September 938, Bajkam led his troops from Wasit to Baghdad. Ibn Ra'iq tried without success to impede his advance by destroying the great dams of the Nahrawan Canal and flooding the plain, but Bajkam's army entered the Abbasid capital without opposition, and al-Radi immediately transferred Ibn Ra'iq's title of amir al-umara to Bajkam. Amir al-umara

Despite the continued relegation of al-Radi to a ceremonial role, the relationship between the Caliph and Bajkam was strong, with al-Radi praising Bajkam for his harsh discipline and referring to the latter as his "protégé". Al-Radi was appreciative of Bajkam's respect for his position as Caliph, and promised his support for the amir al-umara. In October–November 938, Bajkam and the Caliph campaigned against the influential Hamdanid emir of Mosul, Hasan ibn Abdallah, who had taken advantage of the turmoil in Iraq to cease forwarding his province's revenue to Baghdad. Although Bajkam's army captured Mosul, Hasan fled before him to the remotest corners of his domain, where Bajkam's forces pursued him in vain.In the meantime, the local population resented the presence of the caliphal troops and launched guerilla warfare against them, while Ibn Ra'iq used <mask>'s absence to take control of Baghdad at the head of a Carmathian force. These developments forced <mask> to negotiate with his rivals: the Hamdanids were restored in their province in exchange for the payment of the tax arrears, and Ibn Ra'iq was bought off with the governorship of the provinces of Tariq al-Furat, Diyar Mudar, Qinnasrin and al-'Awasim, which were also claimed by the Ikhshidids of Egypt. This arrangement allowed <mask> and the Caliph to return to Baghdad in February 939. <mask>, having consolidated his control over Baghdad, now turned to face the threat posed by the Buyids. To this end, he strengthened his ties with the Baridis of Basra, by handing over Wasit, as previously agreed, appointing Abu Abdallah al-Baridi as vizier of the Abbasid court (although the latter remained at Wasit and did not visit Baghdad), and, finally, by marrying himself to one of al-Baridi's daughters. Neither side really trusted the other—<mask> is said to have remarked of his father-in-law, an inveterate intriguer, that his "turban covered the head not of a man but of a devil"—but the deal allowed a fragile peace to prevail in Iraq. <mask>'s success against the Buyids was mixed: Wasit was saved from Buyid attack, and the Baridis led a successful campaign in Susiana, but an expedition into Jibal was crushed by the third Buyid brother, Hasan.The alliance with the Baridis quickly soured, however, as al-Baridi still maintained his ambition of replacing <mask>, and Bajkam was aware of this. In late August 940, Bajkam removed al-Baridi from the vizierate and launched an attack on Wasit, which the Baridis abandoned without resistance. In the meantime, the Baghdad was in turmoil as religious violence had become commonplace, with fanatical members of the Hanbali school imposing their tenets on the general populace. In December 940, al-Radi died. <mask> remained at Wasit, but sent his secretary to Baghdad to convene a council of Abbasid aristocrats, who selected al-Muttaqi (), al-Radi's brother, as Caliph. Bajkam also sent a slave named Takinak to the deceased Caliph's palace, the Dar al-Sultan, to procure various items, including the valuable al-Yatimah pearl. He also obtained three female slaves from al-Radi's palace, whose singing he remembered from his earlier visits to the Caliph.Among al-Muttaqi's first actions as Caliph was the confirmation of <mask> as amir al-umara. Despite al-Muttaqi's gesture of support, <mask> still faced opposition among the semi-autonomous provincial governors, including al-Baridi. Death and ensuing anarchy

<mask> opened a campaign against al-Baridi in early spring 941. His lieutenants were at first defeated by the Baridis, whereupon <mask> himself left Wasit to take the field. On his way to join his army, however, he was informed that his generals had achieved a major victory over the Baridis, and decided to return to Wasit. On 21 April 941, while travelling, he took part in a hunting excursion, during which he and his party encountered a band of Kurdish brigands. During a brief skirmish, <mask> was slain when one of the Kurds stabbed him in the back with his lance.<mask>'s unexpected death created a power vacuum in Baghdad, with disagreements between Daylamite and Turkish forces prompting the former to join the defeated al-Baridi. With their assistance, he marched on Wasit and Baghdad, capturing them, but was soon forced to flee due to the disorder that followed his usurpation of power. A Daylamite chief named Kurankij replaced him as de facto ruler of Baghdad, but he imposed tyrannical rule, and al-Muttaqi appealed to the former amir al-umara Ibn Ra'iq for assistance. Ibn Ra'iq soon retook control of Baghdad, but political turmoil did not cease with his re-installation as amir al-umara. Once again, al-Baridi captured the city, and Ibn Ra'iq fled with the Caliph to Mosul, from where the Hamdanid rulers launched a successful attempt to restore them. The Hamdanid emir Hasan, after ordering the assassination of Ibn Ra'iq, was made amir al-umara and given the laqab of Nasir al-Dawla ("Defender of the Dynasty"). In 943, the Hamdanids were forced to retreat to Mosul when Tuzun, one of <mask>'s officers, seized power with military support; the following year, Tuzun captured, blinded, and deposed al-Muttaqi, assuming the role of amir al-umara.The Caliph's brother, al-Mustakfi (r. 944–946), was appointed as his successor. The competition for control of the Caliph ended in 945, when the Buyid Ahmad took over the position of  amir al-umara with the title of Mu'izz al-Dawla. This began the period of undisputed Buyid control over Baghdad and Iraq, which lasted until the Seljuk conquest in the 1050s. Character
Despite his slave origin, <mask> was educated in Arabic (although he reportedly did not speak it for fear of making mistakes), respected by intellectuals and was known to seek the company of such men as al-Suli and the physician Sinan ibn Thabit. It is in their writings that glimpses of his character survive. According to the researcher Marius Canard, Bajkam was "covetous of power and money, he did not hesitate to resort to dissimulation and ruse, corruption and torture to attain his ends; he was at times cruel, though his bravery was legendary, and was more upright in character than Ibn Ra'iq". Bajkam was also solicitous for the welfare of his subjects, and especially the inhabitants of Wasit cherished his memory.See also

Al-Mustakfi
Muhammad ibn Ra'iq
Azjur al-Turki
Wasif al-Turki
Ashinas
Bugha al-Kabir
Bugha al-Sharabi
Tuzun (amir al-umara)
Muzahim ibn Khaqan
Itakh
Utamish
Salih ibn Wasif
Ahmad ibn Tulun

References

Sources

941 deaths
10th-century people of the Abbasid Caliphate
Generals of the Abbasid Caliphate
10th-century Turkic people
Iraq under the Abbasid Caliphate
Ghilman
10th-century rulers in Asia
Year of birth unknown
Ziyarid generals
Slaves of the Abbasid Caliphate

masks:
al Husayn Bajkam al M
Bajkam
Bajkam
Bajkam
Bajkam
Bajkam
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Bajkam
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<mask> (born 22 January 1970 in Anoeta, Gipuzkoa) is a Spanish retired professional road racing cyclist, who raced between 1992 and 2002. He won the World Road Championship in 1995, and the World Time Trial Championship in 1998, becoming the first and so far only male cyclist to win both. He also achieved distinction in Grand Tours: he won Vuelta a España in 1998 and was second in 1995, made it twice to the final podium at Giro d'Italia (third in 1996 and second in 2001), and placed three times in the top-ten at Tour de France, with the fourth place in 1997 as his personal best. In total he won six stages in the Vuelta and one in the Tour, all of them time trials. <mask> was also double Spanish Champion in both road (1994) and time trial (1994 and 1998), olympic silver medalist in time trial in Atlanta 1996 and winner of several shorter stage races, like Tour of Romandie in 1996 and Criterium International and Tirreno-Adriatico in 2000. Amateur career
<mask> started racing 11 years old at the Oria Cycling school, and already at junior level he won several races. Later, <mask> went to track racing.He became Spanish Champion in pursuit (together with Etxegoyen, Pérez and Juárez), in the 1 km with standing start and in sprint. In road racing, he started as an amateur for Kaiku and AVSA. He was specialized in sprinting. Professional career
In 1992, <mask> started his professional career at CHCS. This team shortly after disbanded, and he moved to Lotus. With Lotus, <mask> won his first professional race, the Gran Premio de Villafranca de Ordizia in Gipuzkoa. In 1993, <mask> switched to CLAS Cajastur, which was later merged with Mapei.Here, he started to win important races, such as the Vuelta a Asturias and the Spanish National Road Race Championships, both in road race and time trial. In 1995, <mask> won three stages in the Vuelta a España, finishing second in overall classification to Laurent Jalabert. Later in the year <mask> was a vital part of a hugely successful Spanish team at the World Cycling Championship in Colombia. In the time trial, <mask> took silver, finishing second to Miguel Indurain. In the Road race, the top two positions was reversed, with <mask> taking the Championship and Indurain silver. The route for the road race was one of the hardest courses ever for a World Championship, and Olano showed his stamina by riding the last kilometer solo with a flat tyre. <mask> established his abilities in stage races in 1996; he won the Tour de Romandie, finished third in the Giro d'Italia (leading the race at the second to last day), and finished ninth in the Tour de France.He also won the silver medal in the time trial at the 1996 Olympic Games, losing out to Miguel Indurain by a margin of only 12 seconds. <mask> finished fourth in the 1997 Tour de France, taking 1 stage win - a long time trial in Disneyland, ahead of the eventual Tour winner Jan Ullrich. In 1998, <mask> Escartin and Roberto Heras as well as fellow all-rounders Laurent Jalabert and Alex Zülle, all at the height of their careers. Despite the victory, <mask> was reportedly not happy with the support from the Banesto team and management. Banestos own mountain specialist José Maria Jimenez took 4 stage wins, on several occasions leaving Olano alone on the climbs, and even taking the Yellow Jersey from his team captain. Olano won back the jersey on the second time trial, but the events and subsequent media speculation soured his relationship with Banesto, and he decided for a switch to the ONCE team for the following season. <mask> finished 1998 in style, winning the World Championship Time Trial in Valkenburg, ahead of compatriot Melcior Mauri.<mask> is the only male rider of the modern era to win the world Championship in both the Road race (1995) and the time trial (1998). In 1999, <mask> was back to defend the Vuelta title. In the prologue, severe rains put the late starters (including most of the GC contenders) at a big disadvantage, but <mask> nevertheless managed to take 2nd place. In the stage 7 time trial, <mask> won with a clear margin to main challenger Jan Ullrich, taking the top spot on the GC and the Yellow Jersey. <mask> defended his lead through several mountain stages, but a crash on the stage to Alto de Angliru cost him a broken rib, and he was eventually forced to abandon the race. In 2000, <mask> made a shift in focusing on shorter stage races, and won Tirreno-Adriatico and Criterium International, among others. He would make his last mark at the grand Tours with a 2nd place in the 2001 Giro d'Italia.He retired from racing in 2002. On account of results early in his career, a Basque background and some physical similarities, <mask> was seen by many supporters as the successor to five-times Tour de France winner Miguel Indurain. The comparison would haunt Olano for all of his career, as he went on to have a career that was very successful by almost any other standard. <mask> was one of the very best time trialists of his generation, and a rider with enormous stamina. However, he was a reluctant climber, and a tendency to lose valuable time to the specialists on the steepest and highest climbs, would keep his number of Grand Tour Wins to 1. Doping revelations
<mask> is one of the people responsible for designing stages for the Vuelta a España. He was fired from this position after a report from the French senate revealed that he had delivered a suspicious sample during the 1998 Tour de France, indicating use of EPO.The International Olympic Committee also refused to give the bronze medal to him, since Lance Armstrong had been doping like him. Later life
In November 2006 <mask> ran the San Sebastian marathon in a time of 2:39:19. In October 2015, he took over as new national coach for Gabon, with the task of building the national team "from scratch".

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Abraham Olano Manzano
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Devanand Noel "<mask>" <mask> (born 21 December 1975) is an Australian politician and former public servant and diplomat. He is a member of the Liberal Party and was elected to the House of Representatives at the 2019 federal election, representing the New South Wales seat of Wentworth. He previously served as head of the International Division of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (2010–2012) and as Ambassador to Israel (2013–2017). His appointment to the latter post, at the age of 37, made him one of Australia's youngest ambassadors and the second Australian ambassador of Indian heritage. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1975. His father is a Trinidadian of Indian heritage and his mother was from Sydney. His family moved to Turramurra in Sydney, in 1979.<mask>'s mother died of breast cancer, and he was raised by his father. <mask> attended secondary school at Turramurra High School in Sydney. He matriculated in 1993 with the highest possible Tertiary Entrance Rank of 100. <mask> studied a Bachelor of Arts at Cambridge University between 1994 and 1997. He initially studied natural sciences but transferred to law in 1995 (his second year) and graduated in law with first class honours. He then returned to Sydney and studied medicine at Sydney Medical School. Following a year of studying medicine, he began working as a public servant for the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and completed a master's degree in International Relations through Deakin University.Career

Government sector
<mask> began working for the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in 1999 and held posts both in Australia and overseas. From 2004 to 2006 he served as the legal adviser to Foreign Affairs Minister Alexander Downer and was then appointed to the Australian Embassy in Washington from 2006 until 2009. <mask> held appointments at the Australian High Commission to Papua New Guinea in Port Moresby, and as a senior civilian adviser with the Peace Monitoring Group on Bougainville. From 2010 to 2012 <mask> was the head of the International Division in the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. He advised the Prime Minister Julia Gillard during G-20 summits (including as the Prime Minister's sous-sherpa) and East Asia summits and was involved in international diplomatic events which occurred in Australia including the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in October 2011 and during US President Barack Obama's visit to Australia in November 2011. <mask> served as the Assistant Secretary, responsible for the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade's Africa Branch between 2012 and 2013. In November 2012, <mask> led a visit to Abuja, Nigeria and participated in talks with the Nigerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Security Adviser as well as with officials from the Economic Community of West African States.<mask> was appointed the Ambassador to Israel by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Bob Carr, on 16 May 2013 replacing Andrea Faulkner. <mask> presented his credentials to Israeli President Shimon Peres on 8 August 2013. While in Israel, <mask> and his wife Rachel visited casualties of the Syrian civil war in the Ziv Medical Center in Zefat. This visit made him the first international representative to visit casualties of the war. In May 2014 <mask> caused a diplomatic incident by meeting with the Israeli Housing and Construction Minister, Uri Ariel, in Israeli government offices located in occupied East Jerusalem, resulting in a formal complaint from the chief Palestinian UN negotiator to Julie Bishop, the then Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, that the meeting may be deemed as "aiding and abetting … illegal Israeli policies". Australia rejected these complaints, saying the meeting did not alter its position regarding the status of Jerusalem and the need to resolve this through direct negotiations. In April 2017, Julie Bishop announced that Chris Cannan would succeed <mask> as Ambassador to Israel in mid-2017.Cannan began his appointment as Ambassador on 19 June 2017. Private sector
 <mask> was chairman of Shekel Brainweigh Ltd, an Israeli technology company. He was reported to be helping a number of other Israeli technology companies to enter the Australian market. Federal politics
<mask> is a member of the Moderate/Modern Liberal faction of the Liberal Party. Following the August 2018 resignation of former prime minister Malcolm Turnbull, <mask> was selected as the Liberal Party candidate for the resulting Wentworth by-election. In response to criticism from John Hewson, <mask> has stated that the Liberal Party has a "good record" on climate change, and is "doing enough" to meet the Paris Agreement. Independent candidate Kerryn Phelps won the by-election, but <mask> was pre-selected again to run as the Liberal candidate for Wentworth at the 2019 Australian federal election, and won the seat from Phelps.After his preselection as the candidate for Wentworth, <mask> apologised for an opinion piece published the previous June in The Sydney Morning Herald where he argued that school infrastructure was underused and teachers worked only three-quarters the hours of a full-time job. On 26 September 2018, <mask>'s campaign team was accused by other candidates in the Wentworth by-election of removing their campaign posters and replacing them with <mask>'s posters. On International Women’s Day 2021, <mask> was criticised for handing out flowers to women while the Morrison Government faced ongoing scrutiny over how it had handled allegations of rape and sexual misconduct by government ministers and staffers. The gesture was seen by some as “failing to read the room”, and was held up as evidence of the government being out of touch on women’s rights issues. On 10 February 2022, <mask> crossed the floor with four other Liberal MPs to include protection for transgender students in the government's modifications to the Sex Discrimination Act. Personal life
<mask> is married to Rachel Lord, a lawyer and diplomat with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. They have three daughters.In January 2020, former Labor MP Melissa Parke sued <mask> for defamation over an April 2019 tweet in which he accused her of anti-semitism and "trafficking in conspiracy theories". He made the comment after she had withdrawn from the 2019 federal election when her comments about Israel and Palestine were publicized. In October 2020, the Federal Court dismissed Parke's defamation action against <mask>, but ruled that <mask>'s earlier settlement offer should take effect, where each party would have to pay their own costs. Following this, <mask> reiterated his comment on Parke, and stated that it was "a victory for free speech". References

Ambassadors of Australia to Israel
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Sydney Medical School alumni
Deakin University alumni
1975 births
Living people
Canadian emigrants to Australia
Australian people of Indian descent
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Wentworth
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian people of Trinidad and Tobago descent

masks: Dave Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma Sharma


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<mask> (born November 7, 1979), is an American professional wrestler and promoter. During his early years as a professional wrestler, he founded the Southern California promotion Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG) with five other wrestlers, where he held the PWG World and PWG World Tag Team Championships. He later appeared on the independent circuit, wrestling for promotions such as Ring of Honor, Wrestling Society X, Major League Wrestling and DDT Pro-Wrestling (where he held the Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship 43 times). <mask> also wrestled for the TV series Lucha Underground, Impact Wrestling and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), becoming NWA World Tag Team Champion with Karl Anderson in the latter. In NWA Championship Wrestling from Hollywood, <mask> served as head booker, and he was the promoter of Bar Wrestling. He was known for using his penis as part of his moves, most notably, the YouPorn-Plex. During the Speaking Out movement in June 2020, Meehan was accused by several women of sexual misconduct and he was subsequently released from Impact Wrestling.He has denied the accusations and filed lawsuits against some of his accusers and Impact Wrestling. Professional wrestling career

Training and early years (2000–2006)
Meehan is the youngest of three brothers and he remembers watching WrestleMania 2, when Jake Roberts used his snake. His favourite wrestlers were Hulk Hogan, Ricky Steamboat and the British Bulldogs. However, he didn't watch wrestling until the 1990s, because his school friends were fans. When WWF came to Anaheim, a man gave them tickets to an independent show. After watching the show, he decided to train. Meehan started his professional wrestling training in February 2000 with Jesse Hernandez's Empire Wrestling Federation in San Bernardino, CA under Bobby Bradley.During this time, <mask> (billed as <mask>) was part of a gothic stable, teaming with fellow trainees Sid Shadow and
Stitches. He then went on to Rick Bassman's Ultimate Pro Wrestling in 2001 in Huntington Beach, CA and later El Segundo, CA where he trained under Tom Howard and Brian Kendrick to whom he credits with most of his training. He returned to training in 2004 at the Inoki Dojo in Santa Monica, CA under Bryan Danielson. During his early years, <mask> became a regular at many southern California promotions including EWF and UPW where he trained, as well as Revolution Pro Wrestling where he had his first matches against Super Dragon and also competed against Mike Quackenbush and had his first inter-gender matches with Sara Del Rey. His first national exposure came when he was brought into Gary Yap's EPIC Pro Wrestling where he has matches against Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) alum The Messiah, Frankie Kazarian and Brian Kendrick on high profiled cards featuring names like Sabu, New Jack, Vampiro, Christopher Daniels, Samoa Joe and Bryan Danielson. After training at the Inoki Dojo, <mask> received his first television exposure from NJPW-USA Toukon Fighting Spirit. Although mostly used as an enhancement talent, he was able to get exposure by competing in matches against Bryan Danielson with CM Punk on commentary.On May 19, 2006, he competed in The Best of American Super Juniors Tournament, however losing to Roderick Strong in the first round. Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (2003–2015)
<mask> is one of the six founders of SoCal promotion Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, collectively known as the "PWG Six". PWG was formed when the founders grew tired of arguing with promoters, feeling they knew more about the inner workings of professional wrestling and could therefore promote and book shows more effectively. Meehan said that they went in with low expectations, never exceeding more than one show but if enough money was attained, the production of a second show would be the goal. He began in PWG as part of the X-Foundation with Funky Billy Kim and "The Professional" Scott Lost. They teamed together at PWG's first show, losing to the team of Adam Pearce, Hardcore Kidd, and Al Katrazz. <mask> then took part in the Bad Ass Mother 3000 tournament to determine the first PWG Champion.<mask> made it to the finals, but lost to Frankie Kazarian. <mask> then teamed with Scott Lost in the Tango & Cash Invitational tournament for the PWG Tag Team Championship. They made it to the semi-finals, but lost to Super Dragon and American Dragon. <mask> and Lost won the titles at the next show by defeating inaugural champions Homicide and B-Boy, but lost them in their first defense against Quicksilver and Chris Bosh. <mask> continued teaming with the X-Foundation, and regained the tag team titles with Scott Lost on June 19, 2004, at Rocktoberfest. Problems began within the X-Foundation, leading to a ladder match between <mask> and Scott Lost for the titles. Scott Lost won the match and chose Chris Bosh as his new partner.At Use Your Illusion 4, <mask> lost a 60 Minute Iron Man match to Super Dragon. After a brief absence, <mask> began teaming with Scott Lost and Chris Bosh, leading to uncertainty over his actions. He would then set out to prove that he is the best technical wrestler. He challenged and defeated wrestlers known for their great technical skills, such as Alex Shelley, Claudio Castagnoli, Rocky Romero, and Chris Hero. Though he won the matches, <mask> had to cheat and use help from Lost or Bosh to win, since he would usually be outwrestled each match. On December 3, 2005, at Chanukah Chaos (The C's Are Silent), <mask> beat Kevin Steen for the PWG Championship after Super Dragon, who was feuding with the Champion, gave Steen two Psycho Drivers. He made his first defense at CZW's Cage of Death 7 against El Generico.<mask> began defeating a number of wrestlers using some under handed tactic or a sheer stroke of luck on his behalf. It was around this time that <mask> changed his appearance to resemble Tom Selleck from Magnum, P.I., which included a big moustache. He even changed his finisher name from the Duff Drop to the Moustache Ride. Some of the wrestlers he has defeated include Chris Kanyon, Human Tornado, Chris Bosh, A.J. Styles, Emil Sitoci, Jonny Storm, Kevin Steen, Chris Sabin, Super Dragon, Necro Butcher, Frankie Kazarian, Davey Richards, and B-Boy. <mask> became at the time the longest reigning champion, and made the title a World title in the process by defending it in Europe. He went on to form a stable known as The Dynasty, consisting of himself, Scorpio Sky, Scott Lost, and Chris Bosh.The four screwed the then PWG World Tag Team Champs Super Dragon and Davey Richards, ending their dominant reign as tag champs. <mask> would proceed to give Super Dragon a Mustache Ride through two tables, putting him on the shelf. After holding the PWG title for a little over a year, winning usually due to cheating and interference, <mask> lost the title to Human Tornado in a Guerrilla Warfare match on January 13, 2007, at Based on a True Story. On January 27, 2008, <mask> and Scott Lost were awarded the PWG World Tag Team Championship after the titles were stripped off Super Dragon and Davey Richards. They eventually lost the belts to El Generico and Kevin Steen on March 21 at 1.21 Gigawatts. During the summer of 2009, <mask> attempted to stop Chris Hero's reign as the PWG World Champion in order to retain his record as the longest reigning PWG World Champion in history, but after he failed to regain the title in two separate title matches, Hero broke <mask>'s record on August 17, 2009. Shortly afterwards <mask> turned face and on September 5, entered the 2010 Battle of Los Angeles, defeating Chuck Taylor in his first round match.The following night <mask> defeated Austin Aries and Claudio Castagnoli to advance to the finals, where he defeated Chris Hero to win the 2010 Battle of Los Angeles. After his win, <mask> dubbed himself "The Hollywood Submission Machine" and adopted a new submission finishing maneuver, the End Scene. When Davey Richards was after the tournament stripped of the PWG World Championship, <mask> and the three other Battle of Los Angeles semi-finalists, Brandon Gatson, Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli, were placed in a four-way match to determine a new champion. On October 9, 2010, at The Curse of Guerrilla Island, <mask> failed in his attempt to regain the PWG World Championship, when he was defeated by Claudio Castagnoli. <mask> received a one–on–one shot at the PWG World Championship on April 9, 2011, but was again defeated by Castagnoli. Afterwards, <mask> Sky and on August 20, the two defeated the RockNES Monsters (Johnny Goodtime and Johnny Yuma) to become the number one contenders to the PWG World Tag Team Championship. On September 10, <mask> and Sky failed to capture the PWG World Tag Team Championship from The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick Jackson).After signing a contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), <mask> Sky. Following his release from TNA, <mask> returned to PWG at the promotion's tenth anniversary event on August 9, 2013, teaming with Peter Avalon and <mask> in a six-person opener, where they were defeated by B-Boy, Candice LeRae and Willie Mack. On August 30, <mask> entered the 2013 Battle of Los Angeles, but was eliminated from the tournament in his first round match by Drake Younger. The following day, <mask> formed the Best Friends stable with Chuck Taylor and Trent? as the three defeated B-Boy, Tommaso Ciampa and Willie Mack in a six-man tag team match. <mask> also formed a partnership with Candice LeRae, which led to the two unsuccessfully challenging The Young Bucks for the PWG World Tag Team Championship on October 19. On July 27, 2014, <mask> and LeRae defeated The Young Bucks in a Guerrilla Warfare match to become the new PWG World Tag Team Champions.They lost the title to Monster Mafia (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) on May 22, 2015, in the opening round of the 2015 DDT4. WWE appearances (2005, 2011, 2013)
<mask> has appeared in several matches as enhancement talent for the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), competing against Rosey, Sylvan, The Gymini, Mark Henry, John Morrison, Super Crazy and two times against Big Show. On August 14, 2011, <mask> made an appearance at SummerSlam, portraying a fan during a match between Mark Henry and Sheamus. Two days later, <mask> wrestled a dark match at the SmackDown tapings in Bakersfield, California, losing to Bo Rotunda. Wrestling Society X (2006–2007)
Wrestling Society X (WSX) was a short-lived professional wrestling-based television series produced in 2006 by Big Vision Entertainment. The weekly television series formerly aired on MTV, MTV2, MTV Tr3s, and over a dozen other MTV outlets throughout the world. WSXtra, an extra program featuring WSX matches and interviews not broadcast on television, was available on the promotion's MTV website and Video on Demand.<mask> was featured in a team with Disco Machine and together they formed That 70's Team. The duo instantly became cult favorites of the fans of the show. <mask> is most noted for his applying of baby oil, use of his inhaler and getting his wrestling trunks pulled down revealing his thong underwear all while in the ring during the show. The team is featured on episode 2 against Team Dragon Gate (Masato Yoshino and Genki Horiguchi), on episode 3 against D.I.F.H. (Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black), on episode 4 against Ruckus and Babi Slymm, on episode 6 against D.I.F.H. (Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black), on episode 8 against Trailer Park Boys (Nate Webb and Josh Raymond) and Quicksilver & Matt Classic and on episode 9 against D.I.F.H. (Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black).National Wrestling Alliance (2006–2012)
In 2006, <mask> began regularly working for David Marquez's NWA brand, teaming with Karl Anderson to form The Real American Heroes. <mask> and Anderson entered into the Copa de Lucha tournament for the NWA in Las Vegas, Nevada representing America and reaching the finals before losing to the Mexico team of Los Luchas which began a feud between the two teams that lasted nearly two years. The return match in Las Vegas at the Fiesta Lucha event was a Flag Match that saw <mask> and Anderson align themselves with Adam Pearce and his manager C. Edward Vander Pyle. The Real American Heroes and Los Luchas faced off in Cage Matches, First Blood Matches and more at events in Phoenix, Arizona, Hammond, Indiana, Kissimmee, Florida and throughout Texas and California. At times, The Real American Heroes incited near riots from the crowds, most notably in Las Vegas, NV and in Houston, TX. On July 7, 2007, <mask> and Anderson defeated the teams of Billy Kidman and Sean Waltman and Sicodelico, Jr. and Incognito to become the first post-TNA-era NWA World Tag Team Champions. After several attempts, Los Luchas captured the titles away from <mask> and Anderson on February 10, 2008, in Las Vegas.Soon after losing the titles, Anderson began working full-time for New Japan Pro-Wrestling and <mask> went on as a singles competitor in the NWA. He has had multiple shots at the NWA World Heavyweight Championship facing off against the likes of Blue Demon, Jr., Adam Pearce and Colt Cabana only to fall short each time. In 2010, he was a part of the launch of NWA Championship Wrestling from Hollywood and heavily featured with standout matches against TJ Perkins and Scorpio Sky. In early 2011, he took over booking for the TV show which lasted until August when he had a falling out and left the company. He returned to the company in late 2011. In 2012, <mask> seemingly rejoined the tag team ranks in the NWA by forming an alliance with Johnny Goodtime. Independent circuit (2008–2020)

<mask> is a well traveled veteran of the independent scene and along with those mentioned above, he has also made multiple appearances for such promotions as Revolution Pro Wrestling (Rev Pro), All Pro Wrestling (APW), Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South (IWA-MS), Chikara, Anarchy Championship Wrestling (ACW), Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW), Full Impact Pro (FIP), Mach One Wrestling (M1W), International Wrestling Cartel (IWC), Juggalo Championship Wrestling (JCW), Pro Wrestling Bushido and more.In 2008, <mask> became an instructor at Rick Bassman's Ultimate University, the wrestling school for Ultimate Pro Wrestling (UPW). <mask> was brought in as an assistant trainer on the CMT television series Hulk Hogan's Celebrity Championship Wrestling. In 2009, he became a trainer at Mach One Wrestling's Wrestling 101. <mask> has also become a staple at Lucha Va Voom, a hybrid variety show of wrestling, burlesque dancing and comedy based out of Los

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 Angeles. In addition to their regular Los Angeles shows, he has toured the country with the company including Chicago, New York, Boston, Baltimore, Seattle among other stops. <mask> plays a variation of his "Magnum" character but uses Rupert Holmes' "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" as his entrance music and smokes cigarettes during matches and applies baby oil to his body before he competes. In 2011, <mask> was featured as a trainer on RuPaul's Drag Race Season 4, Episode 2.In October 2011, Meehan took part in the first season tapings of Wrestling Retribution Project (WRP), where he performed as Chase Walker, with actress Trish LaFache as his valet. Meehan traveled to India in late 2011 and early 2012 to take part in Ring Ka King, which was created by Jeff Jarrett and backed by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where Dave Lagana (both worked in CWFH and ROH) worked. In the promotion he performed as <mask>, often teaming with Tony Broadway. On July 28, 2012, <mask> participated in a Vendetta Pro Wrestling event in Lompoc, California, participating in the main event for the vacant Vendetta Pro Heavyweight title, losing to Chavo Guerrero, Jr. On December 7, 2012, he lost the EWF Heavyweight Championship to Brandon Gaston. On July 21, 2013, <mask> returned to Championship Wrestling from Hollywood (now, outside NWA) as the CWFH International Television Championship (also MAV Television Championship). On November 3, 2013, <mask> defeated Drake Younger to retain the title. <mask> lost the title against <mask> on May 11, 2014.However, he regained the title at Red Carpet Rumble on June 15, 2014. on June 14, 2014, at House of Hardcore 6, <mask> defeated Tommasco Ciampa. On June 21, 2015, <mask> traveled to Australia, where he competed in an 8-man tournament for the Queensland Wrestling Alliance to crown the QWA Global Champion, which <mask> won. On September 19, 2015, <mask> made his Japanese debut for the DDT Pro-Wrestling promotion, defeating Tomomitsu Matsunaga. During his tour of DDT, <mask> took part in a comedy spot, where he used his penis to overpower Danshoku Dino. Video of the spot went viral and led to <mask> being featured on the New York Daily News, Rolling Stone and Vice, while also getting him a sponsorship deal with YouPorn Sports. <mask> returned to DDT in May 2016, winning the comedic Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship, which he then took on an extended tour of the United States, losing and winning it multiple times over the following months. When <mask> returned to Japan in August 2016, he was a 22-time Ironman Heavymetalweight Champion.He has since won the title multiple times, including once on March 20, 2017, at Judgement 2017: DDT 20th Anniversary. In March 2017, <mask> brought the title back to the United States for a tour. <mask> founded his own promotion, Bar Wrestling, in 2017. On April 5, 2019, <mask> hosted a WrestleCon-branded show called <mask>'s Penis Party. On November 10, 2019, <mask> won the vacant Kansas Wrestling Revolution Championship by defeating King Money in the main event of "Wrestleversary" The promotion's one year anniversary show. During the match <mask> flipped 7 people (One Percent members, King Money, Merrick McMichaels, Havoc, The Outlaw, Prince Mahalli, Colt Killbane, and Trixie) using his signature move "The Dick Flip". Ring of Honor (2009–2010)
In April 2009, <mask> appeared in several ROH Video Wires, promoting his debut.<mask> made his official debut as a part of The Embassy on May 9, teaming with Jimmy Rave and Claudio Castagnoli to defeat Brent Albright, Colt Cabana and Erick Stevens. He made his first appearance on Ring of Honor Wrestling television on September 18, losing to Cabana. <mask> would then go on to defeat Roderick Strong in his second match on ROH on HDNet, with help from Prince Nana. He would go on to feud with Colt Cabana and on several occasions join fellow Embassy member Claudio Castagnoli battling against his rival Brent Albright. <mask> would eventually begin a rivalry with Necro Butcher including a No Disqualification match on November 6, 2009. During his feud with Necro Butcher, Erick Stevens would turn heel and join The Embassy and <mask> and Stevens would be frequently featured as a team in tag team matches. The <mask> and Stevens duo faced teams such as Briscoe Brothers and Player Uno and Player Dos but their most prolific matches came against the team of Necro Butcher and Eddie Kingston including a Street Fight at the 8th anniversary show on February 13, 2010.Impact Wrestling (2012–2013, 2019–2020)
After Ring Ka King, his friend Dave Lagana presented him to Al Snow and Bruce Prichard, who decided to use him in Gut Check. On May 24, 2012, <mask> made an appearance on Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's (TNA) Impact Wrestling television program, losing to Austin Aries in a Gut Check Challenge. The following week, the Gut Check judges decided not to sign <mask> to a TNA contract based on his performance. Before the match, Hulk Hogan and Eric Bischoff told him that they like him and he want to use him in the future. He was a heel in the promo and insulted Taz, who was upset due to his attitude. <mask> returned to TNA on the June 28 episode of Impact Wrestling, interrupting Taeler Hendrix's Gut Check evaluation, before being escorted out of the arena. On the July 3 edition of Vendetta Pro Wrestling's "Vendetta Pro Radio", <mask> was a guest host, when he was confronted live on air by TNA Gut Check judge Taz.<mask> made his next appearance on July 26, punching Gut Check judge Al Snow during another Gut Check Challenge match. <mask> again appeared on the August 30 episode of Impact Wrestling, confronting Snow with a megaphone and throwing a drink in his face, before being chased out of the building. <mask> and Snow had another confrontation the following week, which ended with Snow slapping <mask>. On the October 4 episode of Impact Wrestling, <mask> met Snow in the ring and received an apology for the slap, before signing what he thought was a TNA contract. Snow then revealed that <mask> had actually signed a contract for a match between the two at Bound for Glory. On October 14 at Bound for Glory, <mask> defeated Snow, following interference from Matt Morgan, to earn a TNA contract. On the October 25 episode of Impact Wrestling, <mask> and Morgan entered the ring, after Rob Van Dam had successfully defended the TNA X Division Championship against Zema Ion, with Morgan hitting him with the Carbon Footprint, after which <mask> posed with his title belt.The following week, <mask> defeated Van Dam in a non-title match with help from Morgan. On November 11 at Turning Point, <mask> unsuccessfully challenged Van Dam for the X Division Championship. On December 9 at Final Resolution, <mask> and Morgan unsuccessfully challenged Chavo Guerrero, Jr. and Hernandez for the TNA World Tag Team Championship, after losing to them via disqualification. <mask> and Morgan challenged Guerrero and Hernandez again on January 13, 2013, at Genesis, but were again unsuccessful in winning their titles. After not being seen for several weeks, <mask> returned on March 10 at Lockdown, losing to Joseph Park in a singles match. On July 3, 2013, <mask> was released from his contract, along with several other TNA talents including Crimson, Madison Rayne and Christian York. On October 21, 2019, <mask> re-signed with the company after appearing in the Bound for Gold gauntlet match at Bound for Glory.During the following months, he started a stable with Rob Van Dam and Keira Forbes called Cancel Culture, changing his ring name to Joseph P <mask>. On June 22, 2020, it was announced that <mask>'s contract with Impact was terminated following sexual assault allegations against him. Lucha Underground (2015–2019)
On December 14, 2015, it was announced that <mask> signed with Lucha Underground and would appear on the show's second season. His character was introduced as an undercover Los Angeles police officer, and the new partner of fellow undercover officer Cortez Castro (although their cover will be that they are enemies). He lost his debut match on the February 17, 2016 episode of Lucha Underground against Cage. On the May 25 episode of Lucha Underground, <mask> defeated Mascarita Sagrada. During the third season, <mask> allied himself with Dario Cuerto, revealing Castro is a cop.They started a feud, ending in a Police match with an Aztec Medallion on the line. During season 4, <mask> turned face and worked with Ivelisse and Sonny Kiss. He was released on March 26, 2019. Comeback attempt (2021)
In March 2021, a poster for an event called Wrestling 4 Women Charity circulated online featuring <mask> and several other wrestlers. It was subsequently revealed that Ryan's Bar Wrestling was involved with promoting the event. All Elite Wrestling (AEW) promoter Tony Khan stated that he would not allow AEW talent to appear if <mask> was involved. A Twitter account for the event stated that FITE TV would be airing the show, however the organization said on Twitter that they were not carrying the event.It subsequently issued an apology, cancelled the event and deleted the account. <mask> denied that he was "trying to come back to wrestling" and said he had been asked to "wrestle a good friend as a way to go out and gain some closure". Professional wrestling style and persona
<mask> uses the "YouPorn Plex" as a signature move, a crotch flip with theatrics. The move, also known as the penis flip, sees the opponent grab <mask>'s crotch before <mask> supposedly uses his penis to flip them over. <mask> stated on episodes 251 of the Dude Soup podcast that his persona's look is inspired by 1980s characters such as Magnum P.I. Personal life
In February 2016, Meehan got engaged to his girlfriend, fellow wrestler Laura James, after proposing to her during their intergender match at Finest City Wrestling in San Diego. The couple married in November 2016.Meehan and James separated in October 2018, before filing for divorce in June 2019. Class action lawsuit against Lucha Underground
On February 6, 2019, it was reported that <mask> Vélez, Thunder Rosa and El Hijo del Fantasma (King Cuerno) had collectively filed a class-action lawsuit in California against the El Rey Network and the Baba-G production company behind Lucha Underground. The group claimed that their Lucha Underground contracts were not legal under California law, unfairly restricting their ability to work in their chosen profession. On March 28, 2019, it was reported that the lawsuit was settled with the plaintiffs released from Lucha Underground. Allegations of sexual misconduct

In June 2020, several women accused Meehan of sexual assault and harassment. After initial accusations surfaced, Meehan posted a lengthy message on his Twitter account, apologizing for invading people’s personal space. After that message was posted, a number of women posted on Twitter allegations of misconduct.Wrestlers <mask> and <mask> (former roommate of Meehan), who previously worked for Meehan at Bar Wrestling, have spoken against Meehan. Bar Wrestling's venue, Bootleg Theater, ended their relationship with the company due to the allegations. Several people told the SoCal Uncensored website the promotion has ceased operations. On June 23, 2020, Impact Wrestling announced they terminated his contract as a result of the allegations. He was also edited out of every episode of Being the Elite in which he appeared. Meehan addressed the allegations in an hour-long video posted on July 18, 2020. He has denied nearly every accusation against him, showing messages between himself and the women which he says shows evidence to dispute the claims made.On September 24, Meehan filed a multi-million dollar lawsuit against three of his accusers for defamation, in which he has stated he has lost upwards of $20,000 a month. The lawsuit includes loss of followers on social media, loss of revenue from various projects, merchandise, wrestling, and various other revenue streams; and multi-million dollar monetary relief. The lawsuit also states that Meehan wants defamatory statements retracted and or deleted. He filed another lawsuit in October, suing Impact Wrestling for $10 million for allegedly breaching his contract for firing him after the allegations were made against him. Meehan won a default judgment against one of his accusers on January 20, 2021, but a judge dismissed the lawsuit involving all three accusers without prejudice in February due to lack service, meaning Meehan retains the right to file against them again. However, Meehan dropped some of the lawsuits and stated that the only lawsuit he intends to pursue is the one against Impact. On March 8, 2021 in a statement released to SoCal Uncensored, Meehan stated for the past eight months, he has been attending weekly Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous meetings both in-person and on Zoom for his addictions of intrigue and validation and the emotional high he gets from pursuing women.Filmography

Championships and accomplishments
Alternative Wrestling Show
AWS Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Scott Lost
Attack! Pro Wrestling
Attack! 120 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2018
SoCalUncensored.com
Southern California Tag Team of the Year (2002) with Scott Lost
Southern California Match of the Year (2004) vs. Super Dragon, October 23, 2004
Southern California Wrestler of the Year (2006)
Queensland Wrestling Alliance
QWA Global Championship (1 time)
West Coast Wrestling Company
ACW Open World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
West Coast Wrestling Connection
WCWC Legacy Championship (1 time)
World Class Wrestling Alliance
WCWA California Championship (1 time)
WCWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Scott Lost
World Power Wrestling
WPW Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
WPW Hardcore Championship (1 time)
WPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Scott Lost
World Series Wrestling
WSW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Concrete Davidson
WrestleCircus
WC Sideshow Championship (4 times)
Kansas Wrestling Revolution
KWR Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Alliance
WWA Hardcore Championship (1 time)

References

External links

Impact Wrestling profile

Wrestling Retribution Project profile

1979 births
American male professional wrestlers
American television writers
Living people
Male television writers
Professional wrestlers from California
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Professional wrestling trainers
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestling promoters
Professional wrestling writers
TNA Gut Check

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<mask> (1948–2015) was an English practitioner of Luciferian witchcraft and a prolific author on esoteric topics. From 1976 until his death he was the editor of The Cauldron magazine. Born in London, <mask> developed an interest in supernatural subjects through fiction literature, later exploring Tibetan Buddhism after a near death experience. He proceeded to study at an agricultural college in Somerset, learning about the local folklore from an elderly farm worker, in particular folk beliefs about magic and witchcraft. He advanced his knowledge of esoteric subjects through reading books by prominent occult authors like Aleister Crowley and Helena Blavatsky, and in 1964 joined the fledgling Witchcraft Research Association, becoming particularly interested in the articles in its newsletter that were authored by the witch Robert Cochrane. Returning to the London area, in 1967 he developed a friendship with the Luciferian ceremonial magician Madeline Montalban, joining her Order of the Morning Star. In 1969 he was initiated into Gardnerian Wicca, joining a coven of its practitioners, and in the early 1970s became a member of Christine Hartley's Co-Masonic lodge in West London.In 1975, <mask> published his first book, Candle Magic, which was followed the next year by the beginning of The Cauldron. From 1977, the magazine became the vehicle for Bill Liddell's controversial articles about the nineteenth century cunning man George Pickingill, and it would also serve as a platform for articles by a wide range of esotericists. In 1999, <mask> was contacted by Andrew Chumbley, and in 1999 he joined Chumbley's "traditional witchcraft" order, the Cultus Sabbati. The Pagan studies scholar Ethan Doyle White described <mask> as a "prominent figure in the British Craft movement", while Hutton characterised him as "the most open-minded of Pagan editors". Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in London in 1948. In his early teenage years, he developed an interest in Western esotericism, occultism, and the paranormal, primarily through the fictional stories of writers like Dennis Wheatley, M. R. James, Algernon Blackwood, C. S. Lewis, H. Rider Haggard, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Sax Rohmer, Arthur Machen, Robert E<mask>, and H. P. Lovecraft. Aged fourteen, he underwent an emergency operation and an associated near death experience, subsequently embarking on a study of spirituality, in particular through books on Tibetan Buddhism by authors like Lobsang Rampa.He was intrigued by the prospect of magical practices continuing in Britain after reading a March 1963 article in the Daily Sketch detailing a "Black Magic Rite" alleged to have taken place near to the village of Clophill in Bedfordshire. Shortly after, he watched a television interview with the prominent Wiccan Gerald Gardner, whose arguments against a hostile Christian clergyman impressed <mask>. He went on to study at an agricultural college in Somerset, as part of which he was assigned to a work placement on a smallholding between Wincanton and Castle Cary which was run by two elderly spinster sisters. An elderly man who sometimes worked on the farm recounted to <mask> various aspects of local folklore, including a belief in witchcraft. The old man informed him that the spinsters nailed rowan twigs above the doors to their barn and cowshed on May Eve and Halloween in order to ward off fairies and "black witches", also telling him that there were solitary female "witches" living on the border between Devon and Somerset who used magic to either curse or cure ailments. Following his graduation, <mask> gained employment on a farm in Gloucestershire, and on his day off each week he travelled to Gloucester or Cheltenham. In the latter was a second-hand bookstore where he purchased a number of books on esoteric subjects, including John Symonds' biography of the occultist Aleister Crowley, The Great Beast, Crowley's own Magick in Theory and Practice, Robert Graves' The White Goddess, Dion Fortune's The Sea Priestess and Moon Magic, Margaret Murray's The Witch-Cult in Western Europe, Montague Summers' Witchcraft and Black Magic, James Frazer's The Golden Bough, and Helena Blavatsky's The Secret Doctrine and Isis Unveiled.It was also while working for this farm that he met a local cunning man, who also worked as a hedge layer and fence-repairer. This man taught <mask> more about folk magic, and hinted that there were groups of folk magicians active in the Cotswolds who were involved in a tradition that was separate from Gardner's Wicca. After a short time in Gloucestershire, <mask> moved to Middlesex to be closer to his mother, who was terminally ill. Here he was employed as a gardener at Stanmore, although he later left this position in order to become an office worker. In coming years he would work in various managerial and executive positions for EMI, Sotheby's, and Her Majesty's Customs and Excise. The Order of the Morning Star and Wicca

In 1964 he joined the short-lived Witchcraft Research Association, and through reading its newsletter, Pentagram, he discovered the writings of the Witch Robert Cochrane. Although <mask> claimed that he was "never totally convinced" of Cochrane's claim to have come from a hereditary tradition of witches stretching back generations, he added that Cochrane's writings "had a lasting influence on my progress through the Craft".Searching for an occult organisation in which to involve himself, he visited the headquarters of the Society of the Inner Light in Hampstead, although being nineteen at the time he was deemed too young to join. In 1967, <mask> wrote to the Luciferian ceremonial magician and astrologer Madeline Montalban after reading one of her articles in Prediction magazine; she invited him to visit her at her home. The two became friends, with Montalban believing that she could see the "Mark of Cain" in his aura. She invited him to become a student of the ONS, which he duly did. Although his parents disapproved of his interest in magic, over the coming year he spent much of his time with her, and in 1968 they went on what she called a "magical mystery tour" to the West Country, visiting Stonehenge, Boscastle and Tintagel. In 1969, he was initiated into Gardnerian Wicca, something Montalban disapproved of, and their friendship subsequently "hit a stormy period" with the pair going "[their] own ways for several years." <mask>'s Gardnerian initiator had also been involved in The Regency, a group founded by members of Cochrane's Clan of Tubal Cain after Cochrane's death in 1966.The Wiccan group that <mask> was part of merged the Gardnerian structure with additional elements borrowed from ceremonial magic, the Regency, and Cochrane's practices. This coven corresponded with an American, Jessie Bell, and initiated her into the tradition by proxy, sending her a copy of their own variant of the Gardnerian Book of Shadows. Claiming that the Goddess had commanded her to do so, she published the work as Lady Sheba's Book of Shadows, much to the coven's disapproval. During the 1970s he befriended Christine Hartley, a longstanding member of the Society of the Inner Light, and he accompanied her to Mass performed by the Liberal Catholic Church. At her invitation, he joined her Co-Masonic lodge in West London, which had an Ancient Egypt theme. He also enquired about joining the West London-based Ancient Order of the Pyramid and the Sphinx, a ceremonial magic group which was run by Tamara Bourkon, but declined membership when it was revealed that he would have to adopt vegetarianism, celibacy, and teetotalism. Publications and The Cauldron

At Montalban's recommendation, <mask> began writing on esoteric subjects, with his first publication being an article on elementals which appeared in Prediction in 1971.He continued to write articles and book reviews for the magazine for thiry years, until his friend, Jo Logan, retired as its editor. In 1975 his first book, Candle Burning: Its Occult Significance, was published by Thorsons. The publisher had initially proposed a book on this subject to W. G. "Ernest" Butler, a friend of Hartley's, but he did not feel capable of the task, instead suggesting <mask>'s name to them. In 1974, he and a female friend had established an esoteric magazine titled Spectrum. It ran for ten issues before folding after his co-editor found the project too difficult due to pre-existing work commitments. In 1976 <mask> then established The Cauldron, a magazine catering for modern Pagan Witches, after the idea was suggested to him in a conversation with the Gardnerian Madge Worthington. After The Wiccan, it was only the second British outlet to do so, and gave space to practitioners of traditions other than the Gardnerian Wicca which dominated The Wiccan.100 copies of the first issue were produced on a second-hand roneo duplicator which <mask> had purchased from the redundancy payment given to him by EMI. 25 copies were placed in the Atlantis Bookshop while the rest were sent to Spectrum subscribers to complete their outstanding subscriptions. Over the coming forty years, The Cauldron published articles by a range of individuals associated with the study or practice of magic, including Ronald Hutton, Caroline Tully, Philip Heselton, Geraldine Beskin, Sorita d'Este, Rae Beth, Gareth Knight, Evan John Jones, and Nigel Pennick. In 1977 <mask> was contacted by E. W. Liddell, who was then publishing controversial articles on the Essex cunning man George Pickingill in The Wiccan. Liddell ceased writing for The Wiccan and began producing articles for The Cauldron instead. <mask> also published a number of articles on the subject of Luciferianism within The Cauldron, using the pseudonym of 'Frater Ashtan'. Many of these were published in a collected form as The Pillars of Tubal Cain, brought out by Capall Bann in 2000.In 1992, <mask> was contacted by Andrew Chumbley, who sent him a copy of his work, Azoetia: A Grimoire of the Sabbatic Craft, to review for The Cauldron. This resulted in a correspondence that lasted for several years before <mask> met with Chumbley and his wife. Chumbley invited <mask> to join his occult order, the Cultus Sabbati, with <mask> doing so in 1999. <mask> moved to Wales, where he lived for two decades. A Jacobite, he was a member of the Royal Stuart Society. In 2015, he died of complications surrounding renal failure while in Devon, surrounded by friends and family. The news was announced by Xoanon and on The Cauldron website, while it was also announced that the magazine itself would be discontinued.Luciferianism
The religious studies scholar Fredrik Gregorius believed that <mask>'s work "blurred" the boundary between Luciferianism and Wicca. Many of these books had been published by Capall Bann, a small esoteric publishing company primarily associated with Pagan topics. References

Footnotes

Bibliography

1948 births
2015 deaths
English occult writers
English occultists
English Luciferians
Esotericists

masks:
Michael Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
. Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard


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Sir Francis "<mask><mask> (13 May 1891 – 29 May 1956) was an Australian distance freestyle swimmer from the 1900s to the 1920s, who won three silver and three bronze medals, from the 1908 Summer Olympics in London to the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. He was also a decorated politician and businessman, serving for ten years in the Victorian Legislative Council and as Lord Mayor of Melbourne and building a multimillion-dollar tyre business empire, Beaurepaires and Olympic Tyres. Early life
Beaurepaire was born to Francis Edmund de Beaurepaire, a cable tram conductor, and Mary Edith Inman. Growing up in Melbourne, Beaurepaire was educated at Albert Park State School and Wesley College. He had his first swimming lesson at the age of four, when his father dropped him into the sea water baths at South Melbourne with a rope tied around his waist. He often practised in the sea, close to where effluent was ejected into Port Phillip Bay. Later, when he had earned more money, he paid tuppence (2d.= two pence) to enter the now demolished Stubbs' South Melbourne Baths to train. His career was nearly ended when he was hospitalized for 12 months with rheumatic fever. However, encouraged by his schoolteacher and South Melbourne barber Tommy Horlock, who later became his coach, Beaurepaire fought off the ailment and resumed training with the Albert Park State School Swimming Club. Swimming career

In 1906, a few months before his 15th birthday, Beaurepaire won the  and  freestyle at the Victorian championships. In 1908, he captured the , 880 yd and mile freestyle events at the Australian Championships to claim a spot in the 1908 Summer Olympics team. On arrival in London with Horlock, he found that no arrangements had been made to pick them up, so they were forced to live with 16 pounds between them for a month, before officials became aware of their plight. Beaurepaire trained in London for three months before the Games.Unable to afford admission to swimming pools, He was forced to train at Highgate Ponds, at temperatures of 10 °C. After a  event in the River Thames prior to the Olympics he was numbed by the cold to such an extent that he collapsed and needed to be pulled from the water to avoid drowning. Later he won the  British Championship at Bradford, defeating Henry Taylor of Lancashire, and then proceeded to win the  event at Nottingham. Arriving at the Olympics, the competitors were confronted with a pool dug into the athletics track, with no filtration or chlorination, effectively being a muddy pond. Beaurepaire had caught influenza and finished in second and third in the 400 m and 1500 m freestyle respectively, both events being won by Taylor. He was eliminated in the heats of the 100 m freestyle. He also finished fourth in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay.After the Olympics, Beaurepaire again raced Taylor over  and one mile (1.6 km) in Britain, winning the latter, in which some 20,000 spectators attended. Returning to Australia, he broke the  world record at the Melbourne City Baths. He reappeared prominently in 1910 when he won more than a dozen state and national titles, breaking the world  freestyle record in the process. His tour of the United Kingdom and continental Europe later that year resulted in world records in the 200 m, 300 m, , 400 m, 500 m and , three of which were achieved in one race. He later swept all of the British championships from  up to one mile (1.6 km). He competed in 41 first-class and championship races in four months, winning all of them. In 1911, after his long return by sea to Australia, he suffered his first defeat in three years and was forced to abandon the  freestyle event at the Australian Championships mid-race.Due to exhaustion, he took a break from competitive swimming to become a swimming instructor, earning 3 pounds 10 shillings (£3/10/-) a week with the Victorian Department of Education as a physical education instructor. He was barred from Olympic competition by the International Swimming Federation, which ruled him to be a professional, although he was not earning money for swimming. This ruled him out of the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, where the Australian 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team won gold. The decision to bar him was reversed in 1914. He joined the Australian Defence Force as an infantryman, but was invalided and joined the YMCA services, and served in Egypt, England and France before being hospitalized in 1917 with trench fever and gassing, and being returned to Australia. In February 1920, he won the Victorian championships, and soon after broke the 1000 m world record and qualified for the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. With swimming held in a near-freezing open-water canal, Beaurepaire abandoned the 400 m freestyle mid-race due to illness, but managed to claim a bronze in the 1500 m freestyle.He combined with William Herald, Ivan Stedman and Henry Hay to claim the silver medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay, some 21 s behind the American squad. His sister Lily also competed as part of the swimming and diving team, becoming the first brother-sister combination to represent Australia at the Summer Olympics. Back in Australia and later in Hawaii that year, he broke the  and one mile (1.6 km) records, and twice broke the 1000 m and 1500 m records. He was named as the captain of the swimming team for the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. He was eliminated in the heats of the 400 m freestyle, but at the age of 34 he claimed bronze in the 1500 m freestyle, behind fellow Australian Boy Charlton and Sweden's Arne Borg. He won a silver medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay alongside Charlton, Ernest Henry and Moss Christie. His last competitive appearance was his victory at Kew, Victoria in the State Championships in March 1928, which he won at 37 years of age.In all he set 15 world records over a span of 13 years, winning 79 Victorian titles, 11 British titles and a record 34 Australian titles. It was not until 2000 that Susie O'Neill broke his Australian record. He attended the 1932 Summer Olympics as a swimming official and judge. Beaurepaires

In 1922, he was awarded the Royal Humane Society Gold Medal and 550 pounds, a significant sum in that era, after assisting another lifesaver, Jack Chalmers in rescuing a shark attack victim at Coogee, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney. He used this to start Beaurepaires, a tyres, wheels, batteries business, which had assets worth more than 8 million pounds at his death. The business now has over 230 stores in Australia. Local, state and federal politics

From 1940 to 1942, Beaurepaire was the Lord Mayor of Melbourne.He was knighted in the King's Birthday Honours of 1942. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council in 1942, serving until 1952. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Senate for the United Australia Party in the 1943 federal election. In 1948 he was part of a delegation that went to London to lobby at the 1948 Summer Olympics for Melbourne to host the 1956 Summer Olympics. In 1949 Melbourne won the hosting rights and Beaurepaire was again re-elected as Lord Mayor. He hoped that he could preside over the Games. However, he died of a heart attack in the barber's chair at the Hotel Windsor, just seven months before the Games.His son, Ian Francis <mask>, was also a Lord Mayor of Melbourne. See also
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
 The "Pioneer Exhibition Game" in London (1916)
 World record progression 200 metres freestyle

Footnotes

References

 Radio National Interview with daughter-in-law Beryl Beaurepaire
 Pioneer Exhibition Game Australian Football: in aid of British and French Red Cross Societies: 3rd Australian Division v. Australian Training Units at Queen's Club, West Kensington, on Saturday, October 28th, 1916, at 3pm, Wightman & Co., (London), 1919. External links
  Sir <mask> (AUS) – Honor Swimmer profile at International Swimming Hall of Fame

1891 births
1956 deaths
Swimmers from Melbourne
Australian sportsperson-politicians
Australian male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers of Australia
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Olympic swimmers of Australasia
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Olympic bronze medalists for Australia
Olympic silver medalists for Australasia
Olympic bronze medalists for Australasia
Swimmers at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Participants in "Pioneer Exhibition Game" (London, 28 October 1916)
Swimmers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
World record setters in swimming
Mayors and Lord Mayors of Melbourne
Australian Knights Bachelor
Australian politicians awarded knighthoods
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
People educated at Wesley College (Victoria)
Australian people of French descent
Olympic silver medalists in swimming
20th-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian businesspeople

masks:
Frank
" Joseph Edmund Beaurepaire
Beaurepaire
Frank Beaurepaire


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<mask> (September 9, 1916, Weißenstadt, Germany – December 17, 1986, Baden-Baden, Germany) was a German television film director and scriptwriter. As a director for three decades, he helped pioneer and significantly influenced the development of German television. <mask> was the son of a factory owner of Jewish origin. He attended the Municipal Liebig High School in Frankfurt am Main, where he studied drama, until 1935. In 1936, under the Nazi regime, he was forced to emigrate to the United States on account of his Jewish background. There he worked as an actor on Broadway. Beauvais returned to Germany in 1945 or 1946 with the United States Army, for whom worked as an interpreter, including for the Nuremberg Trials, and as a theatre officer.In 1950 <mask>  became an actor at the theatre in Hanover, then worked as an actor and trainee director at Werner Finck's Kabarett Die Mausefalle (Mousetrap Cabaret) in Stuttgart, and acted in American films produced in Germany. His first television direction work was in 1954, for Südwestfunk (Southwest Radio). In 1958–1960 he directed two theatrical films for UFA. He then moved back to television for good, directing more than 100 television films and episodes from 1960 to 1986. From 1962 to 1967, collaborating with the writer Horst Lommer, Beauvais directed a popular series of films for NDR. Over the course of his career, Beauvais created a prolific and wide-ranging body of work including comedies, satires, crime films, dramas, and science fiction films. Beauvais adapted for television literary works by writers including Arthur Schnitzler, Anton Chekhov, and Joseph Roth, and directed Eugene O'Neill's Trauer muss Elektra tragen (Mourning Becomes Electra), starring <mask>i.He also adapted and filmed works by contemporary writers including Siegfried Lenz, Karin Struck, Adolf Muschg, and Martin Walser, and original teleplays by writers including <mask>, Daniel Christoff, and Horst Lommer. Beauvais was also an opera director, in Germany and on international stages. Awards
Beauvais won two Adolf Grimme Prizes with gold (a prestigious award sometimes called "Germany's Golden Globes"): In 1973 for Im Reservat (In The Reserve) and in 1974 for Sechs Wochen im Leben der Brüder G. (Six Weeks in the Life of the Brothers G.), He also won a posthumous Grimme Prize (with gold) in 1988 for Sommer in Lesmona (Summer in Lesmona) (shared with Reinhard Baumgart, Katja Riemann, and Herbert Grönemeyer), and a Bambi Award, in 1968, for Zug der Zeit (The Locomotive of Time). Personal life
Beauvais was married four times, to the actress Ilsemarie Schnering, the singer and actress Karin Hübner (with whom he had a daughter, Dana), the actress Sabine Sinjen (1963 to 1984), and the photographer and later producer <mask>. <mask> survived him and actually completed his last film Wie kommt das Salz ins Meer? (Why is the Sea Salty? ), as <mask> died during production.Filmography

Film
 1958:
 1959:

Television
 1955: Der selige Christopher Bohn — (based on The Late Christopher Bean)
 1955: Das Ostergeschenk (short) — (based on The Christmas Tie by William Saroyan)
 1955: Zwischen den Zügen — (based on Still Life)
 1955: Die falschen Nasen — (based on Les Faux Nez by Jean-Paul Sartre)
 1955: Drei Jungen – Ein Mädchen — (based on a play by Roger Ferdinand)
 1956: Kolibri – Eine Magazingeschichte — (based on a play by Norman Hudis)
 1956: Die Fahrt ins Blaue — (based on La belle aventure by Gaston Arman de Caillavet, Robert de Flers and Étienne Rey)
 1956: Regen und Wind — (based on The Wind and the Rain by Merton Hodge)
 1956: Schatten in der 3. — (based on a novel by Brigitte Schwaiger)

References

Further reading

External links

1916 births
1986 deaths
People from Weißenstadt
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Mass media people from Bavaria

masks:
Peter Beauvais
Career Beauvais
Beauvais
Peter Pasett
Peter Stripp
Barbara Beauvais
Barbara Beauvais
Peter Beauvais


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<mask> (March 19, 1835 – April 17, 1911) was a Scottish-American philosopher, scientist and physician. He was the husband of German-American sculptor Elisabet Ney

Early life

<mask> was born on the 19th of March, 1835, in Edinburgh, Scotland. His parentage is unknown, but the Elisabet Ney Museum relates the possibility that he was the son of Isabella Davidson (or <mask>) and a prominent Scottish jurist, Duncan McNeill, 1st Baron Colonsay. He and his mother lived in Paris and Frankfurt, supplemented by a trust fund for him. By the time he entered his teens, he began to be interested in the philosophical works of Arthur Schopenhauer. While still living in Frankfurt and only 13 years old, he participated in the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. Education

In 1852, <mask> studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg, where he did lab work under Robert Bunsen and came under the influence of Christian Kapp, Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach and Jacob Moleschott.He later attended lectures by Johannes Peter Müller at the University of Berlin during his 1855–1856 enrollment. While studying in  Bonn  1856–1857, he attended influential lectures of Hermann von Helmholtz. Medical practice

<mask> received his MD degree from the University of Würzburg on February 18, 1858. <mask> interned at Prague and Vienna. He served his residency at the German Hospital, Dalston (London) and Bermondsay Dispensary. While doing biological research, he became Curator of the St Thomas' Hospital and Demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy. He was elected to the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1862.After being diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1863, <mask> left the Royal College of Physicians of London and established medical practices on the resort island of Madeira (1863–1865), in Menton (1866) on the French Riviera, and also in Rome (1867) and Munich (1868), while continuing to do his research. A life annuity allowed him to retire from medical practice in 1869, and devote the rest of his life to philosophy, scientific research, and writing. Medicine

<mask>'s work in medicine included the study of cell theory. Philosophy

<mask>'s study of philosophy complemented his work as a physical scientist. He saw life as the ability of certain chemical compounds to resist damage. He commented on conceptions of knowledge and self in over sixty journal articles and five books. He was an advocate of humanitarianism and a "religion of life," focusing on the idea that man must not ignore the potential of his own yet-to-be-completed evolutionary process.The two most significant papers written by <mask> were his Refutation of Kant From the Standpoint of the Empirical (1870) and The Revelation of Present Experience (1910). In the former, <mask> convincingly refutes Immanuel Kant's a priori, the lynchpin of Kant's system, and in the latter, he insists that all knowledge (no exceptions) is based on the evidence provided by the senses. <mask> was an advocate of non-Darwinian evolution and organicism. He was also cited as a defender of vitalism. He authored The Vitality and Organization of Protoplasm (1904) and Philosophical Problems in the Light of Vital Organization. He has been described as a pioneer of organicism. Personal life

While a student at the University of Heidelberg in 1853, <mask> began a courtship with sculptor Elisabet Ney, who was visiting friends in the city.They were married at the British consulate in Madeira on November 7, 1863. <mask> was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1863. By 1870, the Franco-Prussian War had begun. In the autumn of that year, Ney became pregnant with their first child. <mask> received a letter from his friend, Baron Carl Vicco Otto Friedrich Constantin von Stralendorff of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who had moved to Thomasville, Georgia with his new wife, Margaret Elizabeth Russell of Boston, Massachusetts, declaring the location "Earth's paradise." On January 14, 1871, Ney and <mask>, accompanied by their housekeeper, Cenci, emigrated to Georgia, to a colony promoted as a resort for consumptives. Their first son, Arthur (1871–1873) was born there, and second son, Lorne (1872–1913), was born in Red Wing, Minnesota, during one of their travels.Baron and Baroness von Stralendorff returned to Wismar, Germany, where he died on July 1, 1872. In 1873, Ney traveled alone to Texas. With the help of German Consul Julius Runge in Galveston, Ney was shown Liendo Plantation near Hempstead in Waller County. On March 4, 1873, <mask> and the rest of the family arrived, and he purchased it. While he tended to his research, Ney ran it for the next twenty years. Their son, Arthur, died of diphtheria in 1873. <mask> was involved in an advisory capacity in the founding of Prairie View A&M, originally called Prairie View Normal School.<mask> became a naturalized United States citizen, and thereafter became active in local politics and events. He served two terms as Waller County Road Commissioner and oversaw the building of an iron bridge across the Brazos River. In 1903, he was elected president of the Texas Academy of Science. Death

<mask> died on April 17, 1911 after suffering a number of strokes and is buried next to Ney at Liendo. Published works and/or papers housed at Southern Methodist University

An Address to the People… (date unknown)
The Corngrowers of Tomorrow (date unknown)
The Epistemological Task (date unknown)
Fichte (date unknown)
The Groundwork of Ethics (date unknown)
Ethics (date unknown)
Concerning Psycho-Parallelism (date unknown)
Stereometrie (1851)
On the Formation of the So-Called Cells in Animal Bodies (1867)
Die Kant’sche Erkenntniss Lehre Widerlegt Vom Standpunkt Der Empirie (Munchen: Verlag con C. Ackermann) (1870)
Die Kant’sche Erkenntnisslehre widerlegt vom Standpunkt der Empirie (1871)
The Elementary Functions and the Primitive Organization of Protoplasm (St. Thomas’s Hospital Reports IX) (1879)
The Dependence of Quality of Specific Energies  (Mind, Vol. V)  (1880)
The Unity of Organic Individual  (Mind) (1880)
Zur Lehre von der Muskelcontraktion  (Pfluger’s Archive fur Physiologie) (1881)
The Substantiality of Life  (Mind) (1881)
Are We Cell Aggregates? (Mind') (1882)
Causation and Its Organic Condition  (Mind, Vol.VI ) (1882)
Hunger  (The Index)  (December 25, 1884)
The Object of Knowledge   (Mind) (1885)
Transcendentalism and Evolution  (The Index) (March 26, 1885)
Space and Touch (Mind) (1885)
Our Personality  (The Index) (April 2, 1885)
Uber das Protoplasma Einiger Elemeentarorganismen  (Jenaishe Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft) (1885)
Mental Activity  (Mind) (1889)
True Democracy  (New Occasions) (June, 1893)
The Psychological Significance of Dreams  (Religio-Philosophical Journal) (September 30, 1893)
To be Alive, What is it? (Monist) (1895)
The Integration of Mind  (Mind)  (1895)
Are We Conscious Automata? (Proceedings of the Texas Academy of Science) (1897)
Molecular Theories of Organic Reproduction (Proceedings of the Texas Academy of Science) (1897)
The Vitality and Organization of Protoplasm (Austin, Texas: Gammel-Statesman Publishing Company) (1904)
'Neovitalism (Proceedings of the Texas Academy of Science) (1904)
Anent Psychophysical Parallelism,  (American Journal of Psychology)  (April, 1905)
Philosophical Problems in the Light of Vital Organization (1907)
The Revelation of Present Experience (1908)
The Revolution of Present Experience (Boston: Sherman, French & Company) (1910)
Letters to Religio-Philosophical Journal, The Open Court; The New Ideal; The Conservator; and the Hempstead News, (1887–1911)

References

Additional sources

External links

 Biography at the Elisabet Ney Museum site

1835 births
1911 deaths
19th-century British philosophers
19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Non-Darwinian evolution
Philosophers from Edinburgh
People from Waller County, Texas
Physicians from Frankfurt
Scottish emigrants to the United States
People from Hempstead, Texas
Vitalists
Heidelberg University alumni

masks:
Edmund Duncan Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery


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<mask> (1871 - 1959), was a key player in the history of the New Zealand and Australian theatre industry from 1896 to the mid-1950s. From his start as an actor in Auckland to his heyday in the early 1900s as a company manager and owner, he toured virtually every town in Australasia with the Brandon-Cremer Players. Brandon-Cremer has the distinction of a record 54 weeks of non-stop stage production in 1917. He also produced at least two early silent films. His directorial debut was the first silent movie travelogue ever shot in Tasmania in 1927. His daughter, Gertrude Brandon-Cremer, was a child star of the stage during the first 20 years of the 20th century and his son, Ernest Gustav Brandon-Cremer, was a well-known adventurer and documentary film maker. The family name generated thousands of newspaper articles over the course of <mask>'s life.In Adelaide, 1952, Brandon-Cremer was once introduced in an interview by Australian Broadcasting Corporation Radio with "its really, um… rather difficult to think of any theatre movement in Australia, in the total history of the Australian theatre, without thinking of you". Early life
<mask> <mask>-Cremer was born on 7 November 1871 in Newry, County Down, Ireland, to parents Gustav Caesar <mask> Cremer and Saretta Frances Brandon. <mask> was the fifth child in a family of eight brothers and one sister. The model Victorian Brandon-Cremer parents instilled a tradition of music and literature in their children, many of whom would go on to perform on stage with various skills and talents. At age 15, <mask> was indentured to the New Zealand Shipping Company and made several trips from the UK to New Zealand and sailed around the world during the following years. New Zealand
At the age of 19, <mask> departed England for a new life in New Zealand aboard the SS Rangatiki on 22 August 1891, arriving in Wellington, New Zealand, on 22 December 1891. By early 1892, he was working as a farmhand at the Frimley Sheep Station, outside Wellington.His acting career began shortly after, while working with the Vivian Theatrical Co., then the Duncan Theatrical Co., before joining the Cowan & Amy Vaughan Amazon Co.—all in quick succession. The first mention of <mask> working in New Zealand was for the Amy Vaughn Company in July 1892. On 7 January 1893, while touring New Zealand, in the small booming gold mining town of Kumara on New Zealand's South Island, <mask> married Annie Beaton, stage name Annie Wyniard, an opera singer. The couple registered the births of three children - Dorothy Saretta, born 1893; Ernest Gustav, 1895; and Leonore Frances, 1896. During this time <mask> was managing the Frances Ross Dramatic Company. In August 1897 <mask> left for London to find work. London news clippings from February to June 1898 show that <mask> was on stage in London.<mask> returned to New Zealand in September 1898; in the same year he began touring there with the Robert Henry Theatrical Company. The Brandon-Cremer Players Touring Company
In 1900 the family moved to Australia, with <mask> travelling back and forth to New Zealand during that year for work. By this time <mask> had already met Isora ‘Dolly’ Grey (an actress, stage name - Kathleen ‘Nora’ Arnold), a member of his new acting troupe, the ‘A. Brandon-Cremer Dramatic Company’. Albert's Company toured Australia for years to come and visited towns across both Australia and New Zealand. <mask> and Isora would marry and produce two children who would both go on to successful careers on stage and early television in Australia. The first: Kathleen Gertrude 'Gertie' Dora Barbara Cremer in 1902.The second: Mollie Stella Sadie Mascot Cremer in 1907. Over the next 20 years <mask> and Isora would have great success leasing theatres and running a repertory company across Australia and New Zealand. His work intertwined with such greats as J.C. Williamson as Isora, <mask>'s wife described in an interview covering this period. One of <mask>'s greatest successes was a 54-week production run in 1917 while leasing the Kings Theatre (now Mercury Theatre, Auckland), New Zealand, a record at the time. Tasmania at Work and Play
By 1927, <mask> was in Hobart, Tasmania, making a silent film entitled, ‘Tasmania at Work and Play’, starring his daughter Mollie as the central character. The short silent travelogue features scenes with Mollie as a tourist playing ‘Mollie from the Mainland’. The film has survived and is retained by Tasmanian State archives.The film was credited as the first such movie shot in Tasmania. The cinematographer was Bert Cross from Sydney who worked at Cinesound with <mask>'s son, Ernest. In 1929, <mask> made another short silent film entitled, ‘Nursery Rhymes’, shot by his son Ernest on Bronte Beach, which was shown across Australia. This movie has been lost. Cinematographer Arthur Higgins was also attached. That same year, <mask>'s first wife, Annie Cremer (née Beaton), died, age 61, of kidney and liver failure, an illness she suffered with for many years. Annie was buried in an unmarked common grave at the Melbourne General Cemetery, central Melbourne.A Return to the UK
By 1931, <mask> had returned to London once again to find work in the Theatre. <mask> was mentioned several times in the book 'The London Stage 1930-1939'. One entry notes stage-managing the play, 'Bed Rock' at the Apollo Theatre, Shaftsbury Avenue, London, in early 1931, the play survived only 12 performances. Some of the many other plays he was involved with were: 'The Fatal Wedding', 'Old Bill' with Sir Seymour Hicks, 'Sweet Nell of Old Drury' and 'Tons of Money' with Nellie Stewart. Also a run with a play entitled 'The Man They Could Not Hang'. While in the UK, Isora, Gertrude and Mollie would join him and start new lives in London. The End of an Era
In late 1949, <mask>, travelling alone, returned to Australia from his 19-year stay in London.In his final years, <mask> continued to act in such plays as ‘Charlie’s Aunt’, 'A Worm's Eye View', 'One Wild Oat', and 'Seagulls Over Sorrento' with the Australian actor Gordon Chater. His work was also mentioned in a series of notices in the Brisbane Courier Mail between 3 and 25 January 1952. <mask> was credited as working with Australian actor Bill Hodge in 'A Worms Eye View' in 1955, this was one of <mask>'s last known plays. <mask> was mentioned in several books covering the histories of the Australian/British Stage. One book entitled 'When Vaudeville Was King', as well in the book, 'Family of Brothers'. Another mention in 'The London Stage 1890-1959' and in 'Her Majesty's Pleasure'

<mask>. A. Brandon-Cremer died on 11 July 1959. His wife, Isora, had died the year before.<mask> and Isora were laid to rest in the Fawkner Crematorium and Memorial Park, Hadfield, Victoria (North Melbourne), with no markers. References

Australian theatre managers and producers
Australian male stage actors
1871 births
1959 deaths
People from Newry
New Zealand male stage actors
British emigrants to New Zealand

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