text_chunks:
<mask> (born 12 May 1963) is an English former footballer and manager. A striker, he scored 86 goals in 354 league games in an eleven years professional career. He moved from Nantwich Town to Port Vale in 1989, turning pro at the age of 25. Loaned out to Peterborough United in 1990, he was sold on to Preston North End for £80,000 in February 1991. He transferred to Exeter City a year later, before he moved on to Huddersfield Town in December 1993 for £70,000. He stayed with the "Terriers" for three years, helping the club to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1995. He switched to Bury for £40,000 in 1996, and helped the "Shakers" to the Second Division title in the 1996–97 campaign.He played for Oldham Athletic following a £40,000 move in January 1998, before arriving at his final club Burnley later in the year. He helped Burnley to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1999–2000, before he retired in 2000. After a spell coaching at Burnley, he was appointed as Gillingham manager in November 2005. He was in charge for two years before tendering his resignation. He then returned to the back-room as a coach at Huddersfield Town, Crystal Palace, Queens Park Rangers, Leeds United, Bury, and Cardiff City. He took charge of Bury in October 2013 following a period as caretaker-manager. Playing career
A relative latecomer to the professional game at 25, when he transferred from Nantwich Town, Jepson started his league career under John Rudge at Port Vale in March 1989.The reason for this delay was that he had to spend four years fighting manslaughter charges in Belgium for his alleged involvement in the Heysel Stadium disaster; he was finally found Not Guilty when his trial concluded in April 1989. He appeared just twice for the "Valiants" in 1988–89 as they won promotion out of the Third Division, and was an unused substitute in the play-off Final victory over Bristol Rovers. He then played eight Second Division games in 1989–90, and seen as he was unable to nail down a first team place at Vale Park he was loaned out to Peterborough United in January 1990 for a three-month spell. He played eighteen Fourth Division games for Mark Lawrenson's "Posh", scoring five goals, as they missed out on the play-offs by just three points. Back in Burslem, he played nineteen matches without scoring in 1990–91, before being sold to Preston North End for £80,000 in February 1991. Les Chapman's "Lilywhites" finished 17th in the Third Division in 1990–91 and 1991–92. Jepson played 43 matches for the club in league and cup competitions, scoring 12 goals.He then signed with Alan Ball's Exeter City, and helped the "Grecians" to maintain their third tier status in 1992–93; they finished three points ahead of his former club Preston North End, who occupied the final relegation place. They did drop into the basement division in 1993–94, but Jepson left St James Park before this eventuality. He played 67 games for Exeter, scoring 25 goals. In December 1993, Huddersfield Town manager Neil Warnock paid Exeter £70,000 to secure <mask>'s services. He formed a successful strike partnership with Andy Booth at Leeds Road, and scored five goals in 23 games throughout the remainder of the season, including a hat-trick past York City on 22 January. The pair helped the "Terriers" to gain promotion in 1994–95, beating Bristol Rovers 2–1 in the play-off Final at Wembley, with Jepson crossing the ball to Booth for the opening goal of the game. He also scored twice in the final of the 1995 Yorkshire Electricity Cup, as Huddersfield beat Hull City 4–2.Over the course of the season he made 54 appearances, scoring 23 goals, whilst Booth hit 30 goals. For his efforts <mask> was voted the club's Player of the Year. He scored 14 goals in 48 appearances under new manager Brian Horton in 1995–96, after which Booth was sold to Sheffield Wednesday for £2.7 million. "<mask>", as Jepson was called by the Huddersfield fans, also left the Galpharm Stadium, having played a total of 125 games for the club in all competitions, scoring 42 goals. He signed with Bury on a £40,000 transfer in August 1996, as helped Stan Ternent's "Shakers" to top the Second Division table in 1996–97, finishing ahead of Stockport County by a two-point margin; Jepson had scored nine goals in 36 appearances throughout the campaign. However he hit the target just once in the first half of the 1997–98 campaign, and was sold on to Oldham Athletic for £40,000 in January 1998. He featured just nine times at Boundary Park, scoring four goals, before departing at the end of the season after Neil Warnock was replaced by Andy Ritchie.He signed with Burnley in time for the start of the 1998–99 campaign, rejoining former manager Stan Ternent, and scored once in seventeen appearances for "Clarets". He helped the club to win promotion into the First Division in 1999–2000, scoring twice in 36 appearances, in both encounters with former club Bury, as Burnley finished second in the Second Division. He made fifteen appearances in 2000–01, all as a substitute, before an Achilles problem ended his playing days. He had made 68 appearances for the club over all competitions. Coaching and management career
Upon retiring as a player, Stan Ternent, who had signed Jepson at both Bury and Burnley, then appointed him to his first coaching role as reserve coach at the "Clarets". In June 2002 he was linked to the vacant management position at Huddersfield Town, though Jepson opted to stay at Turf Moor. In May 2004, Ternent's contract at Burnley was not renewed by the club and Jepson was let go along with him.In December of the same year, Ternent became manager at Gillingham, and <mask> joined him, again as assistant manager. Although the "Gills" fortunes improved, they narrowly failed to escape relegation from the Championship. Ternent left the club during the summer, but Jepson remained, as assistant to new manager Neale Cooper. The 2005–06 season did not start well for Gillingham, and following a run of bad results and an FA Cup defeat to non-league Burscough, Cooper resigned and <mask> was appointed manager on 15 November 2005, initially on a caretaker basis, but he signed a two-year contract within the first two months, although this was not made public until several months later. Jepson turned the season around, and the "Gills", having flirted with relegation danger, finally finished in 14th place with 60 points. He was nominated for the League One Manager of the Month award in April, though the award went to Bristol City manager Gary Johnson. During the close season Jepson's assistant Mick Docherty, who had been on a short-term contract, signed a new two-year contract for the role, and Jepson was able to make long term adjustments to the playing squad.At the end of the 2006–07 season <mask> was once again linked with the newly vacant management position at Huddersfield, despite claiming to be happy at the Priestfield Stadium. <mask> was relieved to keep Gillingham in League One at the end of the season, however following a poor start to the 2007–08 campaign, with five defeats from the first six matches, Jepson resigned as manager. On 24 April 2008, it was confirmed that <mask> would return to Huddersfield Town. Previously he had been approached to become the manager, though this appointment saw him reunited with Stan Ternent, who was the newly appointed manager at the club, Jepson would once again become his assistant. The next month the pair were joined by Mick Docherty, who joined as first team coach, having previously worked with Jepson and Ternent at Burnley. After just six months at the club, all three men left the club in November 2008 after a difference of opinion with the board of directors. Jepson spent a year out of football before joining his former manager at Huddersfield, Neil Warnock, then at Crystal Palace, as reserve team coach in July 2009.He spent a year there before moving to Queens Park Rangers to link up with Warnock once again as reserve team coach in July 2010. After Warnock was sacked by the club and appointed manager at Leeds United, <mask> followed him to Elland Road in February 2012, where he remained until Warnock's resignation in April 2013. He was appointed as Kevin Blackwell's assistant manager at League Two side Bury in June 2013. Blackwell was sacked on 14 October, and <mask> was appointed as caretaker-manager. It was later confirmed that he would remain as manager until at least January. However the club announced David Flitcroft as their new manager on 9 December 2013, and <mask> was released from his contract. He returned to the game in October 2016, when newly appointed Cardiff City manager Neil Warnock named <mask> as his first team coach.Warnock and his staff, including <mask>, were sacked in November 2019. He and Blackwell rejoined Warnock in his new role at Middlesbrough in June 2020. The trio were removed from their positions in November 2021. Career statistics

Playing statistics
Source:

Managerial statistics

Honours
Individual
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. Player of the Year: 1994–95

Port Vale
Football League Third Division play-off: 1989

Huddersfield Town
Football League Second Division play-off: 1995
Yorkshire Electricity Cup: 1995

Bury
Football League Second Division: 1996–97

Burnley
Football League Second Division runner-up: 1999–2000

References

1963 births
Living people
People from Audley, Staffordshire
English footballers
Association football forwards
Nantwich Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C.players
Preston North End F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
Gillingham F.C.managers
Bury F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Association football coaches
Burnley F.C. non-playing staff
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. non-playing staff
Queens Park Rangers F.C. non-playing staff
Bury F.C. non-playing staff
Crystal Palace F.C. non-playing staff
Cardiff City F.C.non-playing staff
Middlesbrough F.C. non-playing staff

masks:
Ronald Francis Jepson
Jepson
Jepson
Rocket Ronnie
Jepson
Jepson
Jepson
Jepson
Jepson
Jepson
Jepson
Jepson
Jepson
Jepson


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<mask> is a Nigerian public servant, diplomat, author and scholar. He was appointed by President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua in September 2007 as an ambassador to the Scandinavian countries - Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway, a position he occupied until he was appointed a Federal Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Water Resources on 4 May 2010. Biography
<mask> was born in Oporoma town, headquarters of Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria on 4 April 1960. He hails from Eniwari town, Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State. He holds a Ph.D in political and international studies from University of Venezuela, masters in international law and diplomacy (MILD) from University of Lagos and B.A. (Hons) history from University of Port Harcourt. He also has a postgraduate diploma in international relations and undertook professional studies at the Nigerian Foreign Service Academy and the Foreign Service Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.He is an author and expert on negotiation, conflict resolution, state formation, national integration and sustainable development. In 2005 he received the national honours of the Officer of the Order of the Niger, (OON). He is married to Tokoni Igali and they have four daughters and a son. He holds a chieftaincy title the Ibetariwei "Guardian of the Interests" of Izon. He underwent theological studies under late Bishop Harford Iloputaife at the Bible Faith Training Centre in Lagos in 1989. Appointments
A career Diplomat, he has served all around the world since joining the Foreign Service in 1982. During his stay at headquarters, he distinguished himself as an expert on economic diplomacy and served as secretary to about ten (10) Nigerian Economic Missions abroad between 1986–1991.He also served severally as secretary, committee on export to West Africa and as special assistant to honourable ministers of foreign affairs. He was appointed the Nigerian consul general to Cameroon (1999–2005). <mask>  served as the special assistant (special duties) in the Nigerian Presidential Villa (2005–2006) under the President Olusegun Obasanjo administration. During the period, he was also secretary to the presidential committee on money laundering and financial crimes. In addition, he also served as secretary to the presidential subcommittee on review of the public service rules (2005). He was later appointed secretary to the Bayelsa State government in January 2006 and was concurrently named honorary adviser and peace envoy to the President on Niger Delta (2006–2007). He last served as Nigeria's ambassador to the Scandinavian countries, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway (from 2008–2010).He was appointed in 2010 as the Federal Permanent Secretary for Water Resources and then redeployed to the Federal Ministry of Power by President Goodluck Jonathan in 2013. During his tenure as a Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Water Resources, he undertook the most comprehensive water sector reform policy including the introduction of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in water supply which has become a reference point in the Nigeria water sector today. He also played a major role in bringing the nexus between water, energy and agriculture through the construction of multipurpose dams in Nigeria. These dams include Gurara (which provide portable water, 30 megawatts of power and 3,000 hectares of farmland irrigation) and Kashimbila (which provides portable water, 40 megawatts of power and 4,000 hectares of farmland irrigation) that have been completed. The deployment of Igali to the Federal Ministry of Power coincided with the period of the privatization of the power sector. As Chairman of the Technical Implementation Committee on the privatization, he supervised one of the most ambitious projects that had never been undertaken by any government world over to a successful conclusion with the handing over of the power sector assets to the new private owners in November, 2013. This is aside from carrying out series of negotiations with electricity workers union that led to the payment of terminal benefits to over 48,000 workers to allow the smooth sail of the privatization process.Several other policies and projects initiated under his watch include: commencement of construction of the 700MW Zungeru Hydro Power Plant; completion of design of the 3,030MW Mambilla Hydro Power Plant; creation of an enabling environment for the injection of private sector capital in the power sector; diversification of Nigeria energy mix to exploit the abundant natural resources in the country; training of 3,600 youths in different skills in the power sector under the National Power Sector Apprenticeship Scheme (NAPSAS), and several others. He also initiated the ‘Operation Light-Up Rural Nigeria Project’ by setting up pilot projects across the country using renewable energy. Seven National Integrated Power Plants were also completed under his stewardship in Alaoji (961MW), Olorunsogo II (675MW), Omotosho II (450MW), Geregu II (434.1MW), Ihovbor (450MW), Ogorode (450MW), and Calabar (562.5). <mask> also sits on the board of several national and international charities and academic institutions, which include Chairman of Governing Board, Foundation for Vocational Education Development Int'l, Chairman of Governing Board, Institute of Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development (INRES), University of Port Harcourt, Member of Governing Council, Bayelsa State Medical University, Yenagoa, Member of Governing Board, Edwin Clark University, Kiagbodo, Chairman Presidential Visitation Panel, Federal University, Lokoja. He was appointed the Chairman of Council and Pro Chancellor, Federal University of Technology, Akure in July, 2021. Diplomatic records
<mask> began his career in the Nigerian foreign service in 1982 and was posted to Czechoslovakia where he remained till 1986. He resumed at the external affairs headquarters after his posting and joined the newly established trade and investment department in the ministry to drive the Structural Adjustment Programme introduced by then Head of State General Ibrahim Babangida in 1986 on the international front.He distinguished himself as an expert on economic diplomacy and served as secretary to about 10 Nigerian economic missions abroad between 1986–1991. He also served as secretary, committee on export to West Africa and as special assistant to honourable ministers of foreign affairs. He was appointed the Nigerian consul general to Cameroon (1999–2005). In Cameroon, he played a key role in the Bakassi Peninsular peace effort following border dispute between Nigeria and Cameroon and the subsequent International Court of Justice judgement of 2002. in 2004–2005, he successfully initiated, negotiated and along with United Nations High Commission for Refugees, (UNHCR) supervised the return of over 60,000 Nigerian Fulani refugees who had for years been displaced into Cameroon following inter-ethnic crisis in the Mambilla Plateau. One of his notable achievements is the regularisation of the immigration papers of Nigerians living in Cameroon. During his stint as the ambassador to the Scandinavian countries, Igali was concerned about the influx of Nigerian migrants from Italy to the region following a heavy crackdown by the Italian authorities and he campaigned for a rehabilitation programme. He was responsible for exchange of twelve (12) Economic Missions, with visible impact on foreign investment inflow into Nigeria.He also successfully hosted Nigeria's 500-man delegation to COP 15 Climate Change Summit in December, 2009. He also facilitated investment cooperations in the areas of alternative power generation, telecommunications and ICT. He facilitated an investment delegation. to the Nordic countries led by then Vice President, Goodluck Jonathan in May 2009. He also organised the Bayelsa State Government's Investment forum visit to Finland lead by Governor Timipre Sylva and in collaboration with two major Finnish investment organizations Finpro and Finnfund. Niger Delta
Igali is actively involved in the issues of the Niger Delta. President Obasanjo appointed him as a special assistant on special duties and honorary adviser and peace envoy to the Niger Delta at the peak of the militancy crisis.During this period, <mask> was placed in charge of negotiations with various militant camps following the emergence of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta, MEND. Through his engagement with the militants and other stakeholders, the Nigerian General Election of 2007 was able to hold in spite of several threats and tens of kidnapped expatriates were released in the Niger Delta. He served as secretary of the Presidential Council of the Coastal States of the Niger Delta under the President Obasanjo administration and suggested the Amnesty programme in a 27 February 2007 meeting of the council. He was appointed the substantive adviser on the Niger Delta by President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua in June 2007. It was during his tenure as the presidential adviser that the framework for the Niger Delta Amnesty programme was developed. <mask> remains engaged in Niger Delta issues as one of the leaders of the Pan-Niger Delta Forum which helped to facilitate dialogue between the Federal Government and the Niger Delta Avengers - a resurgent militant group that had grounded Nigeria's Oil production to 900,000 barrels per day from the budgeted 2.3 million barrels per day. <mask> was appointed recently by the Bayelsa State Governor Seriake Dickson as a member of the Bayelsa Business Council.Publishing
Igali is a published author of three books, including; Perspectives on Nation-State Formation in Contemporary Africa - a book about the challenges of state formation and national integration in Africa; Global Trends in State Formation - on the emergence of the modern state system, the disintegration of states, and suggestions that will bring stability and peaceful coexistence; and Signposts to Success - a motivational guide where he analysed the accounts of the biblical King David and some other successful individuals in history. References

1960 births
Ambassadors of Nigeria to Denmark
Ambassadors of Nigeria to Norway
Federal ministers of Nigeria
People from Bayelsa State
Living people

masks:
Godkws Boladei Igali
Igali
Igali
Igali
Igali
Igali
Igali
Igali


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<mask> (; born 3 June 1986) is a former Czech figure skater. He is the 2008 European champion, a medalist at two other European Championships (2007 silver, 2011 bronze), and a ten-time (2002–2004, 2006–2008, 2011–2014) Czech national champion. He has won six senior Grand Prix medals, including the 2010 Cup of Russia title. Personal life
<mask> was born on 3 June 1986 in Písek, Czech Republic. He moved to the capital, Prague, when he was 12 years old. His father is a doctor. He has an older brother, Miroslav, who formerly competed internationally in junior pair skating, and a younger sister, Kateřina, who is a gymnast.He was in relationship for four years with figure skater Nathalie Péchalat. In March 2020, he married Thai figure skater . They are expecting their son in September 2020. Verner studied physical education and sports at Charles University in Prague, and earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 2010. He then studied sports marketing and management at the University of Prague. He speaks Czech, German, and English and also knows some Russian. Career

Early career
Verner started skating at the age of five.He also did athletics and played football before choosing to focus on skating. At the age of 12, he moved from Písek, where he was born, to Prague where his talent was spotted by coach Vlasta Kopřivová. He won his first national title in the 2001–02 season, and later that year represented the Czech Republic at the European Championships, where he finished 14th, and at the World Championships, where he failed to qualify for the free skate. Over the next four years, Verner finished as high as 10th place at Europeans and 13th at Worlds. He missed much of the 2004–05 season after he twisted his ankle and tore part of the muscle from the bone. He trained in Prague and also traveled regularly to Oberstdorf, Germany to train with Michael Huth. During summers, he would also spend a few weeks training in Leppävirta, Finland.2006–2007 season
In 2007, Verner improved significantly upon his previous results. At the European Championships in Warsaw, he led after the short program before finishing with the silver medal behind Brian Joubert. He was the first Czech male single skater to medal at the European Championships since 1992. At the 2007 World Championships in Japan, he finished fourth overall. Having popped a triple axel and made an error on a spin, he was in ninth place after the short but moved up to fourth after the long program, landing a quadruple toe loop-triple toe loop combination and a further quadruple toe loop. 2007–2009 seasons

In 2008, Verner became the first Czech male to win Europeans since Petr Barna's victory for Czechoslovakia in 1992. He was fourth after the short program at the 2008 World Championships but finished 15th after popping several jumps in his long program.Verner's 2008–09 Grand Prix assignments were the Cup of China and the Cup of Russia. He finished third and second, respectively, qualifying for the Grand Prix Final where he finished 4th. At the 2009 Europeans, Verner scored a personal best in the short program and was in second place, but made several mistakes in his long program which dropped him to 6th place overall. He finished fourth at the 2009 World Championships. 2009–2010 season
Verner began the 2009–10 season with a silver medal at the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard. He finished fifth at the 2010 Skate America. While at Skate America, he became ill with H1N1 flu, from which he was unable to fully recover during the rest of the season.Verner was first alternate for the Grand Prix Final, and eventually filled the slot left open by the injured Brian Joubert; he came in sixth. He was second to Michal Březina at the Czech Championships, dropped to 10th at Europeans and struggled at the Olympics, finishing 19th. Verner decided not to compete at the World Championships because he felt unprepared for the event. 2010–2011 season
Before the start of the 2010–11 season, Verner changed coaches, and began training with Robert Emerson in Richmond Hill, near Toronto. Whereas in Europe, he typically trained his program in parts, with full run-throughs only before a competition, his new coach requires complete run-throughs in everyday training. Verner won the bronze at 2010 Cup of China, his first Grand Prix event of the year. At the 2010 Cup of Russia, Verner set a new personal best in the long program and beat Patrick Chan and Jeremy Abbott to win his first senior Grand Prix title.He was the only person to beat Patrick Chan in international competition during the 2010–2011 season. He qualified for the 2010–2011 Grand Prix Final, where he finished fifth in the short program and fourth in the free skate for fifth place overall. His next event was the Czech national championships, which he won for the first time in three years. Verner was fifth in the short program at the 2011 Europeans following a fall on his triple Axel, but finished second in the free skate to move up to third overall. The bronze medal was his first podium finish at the Europeans since winning the event in 2008. Following the European Championships, Verner and a number of other elite skaters performed in a show in North Korea, an event which was sanctioned by the Czech skating association and the ISU but resulted in some criticism in the Czech Republic. Verner finished 12th at the 2011 World Championships.2011–2014
Verner withdrew from the 2011 Nebelhorn Trophy due to a back injury. He was not fully recovered by the Grand Prix series. He finished 5th at the 2011 NHK Trophy and withdrew from his second assignment, the 2011 Rostelecom Cup. At the Czech Championships, Verner was second behind Michal Březina after the short program but won the free skate and took his eighth national title. He finished 5th at the 2012 European Championships and 16th at the 2012 World Championships. Verner was 11th at the 2013 European Championships and 21st at the World Championships. In June and July 2013, he trained at the IceDome camp in Oberstdorf, working with Vlasta Kopřivová, Michael Huth, and Rostislav Sinicyn.He received no Grand Prix assignments for the 2013–2014 season. In August 2013, Verner announced that he would return to Oberstdorf full-time to work with Michael Huth as his coach. In October, he won gold at the 2013 Ondrej Nepela Memorial after placing second in the short program and first in the free skate. Verner went on to compete at the Cup of Nice, which he also won. In December, Verner competed at the Czech Championships where he won his tenth title, twenty-eight points ahead of second-place finisher, Michal Březina, securing himself a spot at his third Olympics. He finished 11th at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Although he initially intended to retire in February 2014, Verner decided to compete at the 2014 World Championships in Saitama, Japan, and finished tenth at the event.He then retired from competition. Programs

Competitive highlights

References

External links

 Official site

 <mask> at sport-folio.net

1986 births
Living people
Czech male single skaters
Olympic figure skaters of the Czech Republic
Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
Season-end world number one figure skaters
Sportspeople from Písek
Charles University alumni

masks:
Tomáš Verner
Tomáš Verner
Tomas Verner


text_chunks:
<mask> () is a Chinese Sanshou kickboxer. He was the 2019 Wu Lin Feng 67 kg World Cup winner. As of February 2021, he is the #6 ranked super featherweight according to Combat Press. He was ranked in the featherweight top ten by Combat Press between September 2019 and December 2020. Kickboxing career
He fought Pavel Grishanovich during the 2019 All Star Fight in Bangkok. <mask> won the fight by a second round KO. <mask> was scheduled to fight Wei Ninghui during the 2019 WLF Fifth Stage.<mask> won the fight by a unanimous decision. <mask> took part in the 2020 Wu Lin Feng 67 kg World Cup. He beat Tawanchai PK Saenchaimuaythaigym in the semifinals by a second round TKO, and defeated Petchtanong Banchamek in the finals by a unanimous decision. <mask> participated in the 2018 Kunlun Fight 66 kg Tournament. He lost to Sergey Kulyaba in the quarterfinals by decision. In May 2020, Jia fought Wang Pengfei in the WLF World Cup 1st Stage. <mask> won the fight by a split decision.In the WLF Second Stage he was scheduled to fight Liu Xiangming. Xiangming won the fight by a second round TKO. In the WLF Fifth Stage he fought Wei Rui and lost a unanimous decision. The loss to Rui was controversial, with many fans believing <mask> won the first two rounds, and deserved the decision win. In late November 2020, <mask> fought Ji Xiang, losing the fight by a second round knockout.

masks:
Jia Aoqi
Aoqi
Jin Aoqi
Aoqi
Aoqi
Aoqi
Aoqi
Aoqi
Aoqi


text_chunks:
<mask> (1803–1882) was a Californio ranchero, politician, and a signer of the Californian Constitution in 1849. He served as two terms as Alcalde of Los Angeles (mayor). He was one of the largest landowners in Southern California, having inherited Rancho San Pedro in 1825, one of the largest ranchos in California. He was one of the founders of the cities of Carson and Compton and of the fishing village of San Pedro (today a neighborhood of Los Angeles). Today, California State University, Dominguez Hills and the communities of Rancho Dominguez, East Rancho Dominguez, and West Rancho Dominguez bear his family's name. Early life
<mask>, addressed as <mask>, was born January 26, 1803,  in the colonial Las Californias province of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain (colonial México). He was born into a prominent Alta California family.In the colonial Spanish racial classification system sistema de castas he was an Español Criollo. The gente de razón family traced itself through pure blood generations in Mexico to ancestors in Catalonia Spain. He was baptized Luis Gonzaga Policarpo <mask> y Fernando <mask>. Baptismal data at Yglesia del Real Presidio de San Diego indicates father as Christobal Dominguez of military status: Cabo de la compañia de cuera deste Presidio and mother as Maria Reyes Yvañez. Godparents are shown as Maria Gorgona Valencuela and <mask>. <mask>’s father was José Cristobal <mask> (c. 1761-January 6, 1825) and his mother was Maria de Los Reyes Ybanez (c.1763-February 5, 1834). Existing records do not identify the names of <mask>’s grandparents.<mask>’s granduncle, the brother of his grandfather, was Juan Jose <mask> (c.1736-1809). The father of Juan Jose was Jose Ignacio <mask>. Juan Jose was the original holder of the vast Spanish land concession known as the Rancho San Pedro. Juan Jose never married and died in 1809 leaving his nephew Cristobal, <mask>’s father, heir. Upon the death of Cristobal in 1825, <mask> and his surviving siblings inherited the rancho. The siblings of <mask> were Maria Jesus (1796-1799), Josef de Los Dolores (1798-1819), Maria Victoria (1800-1873), Francisca Marcelina (1805-1828), Maria Elena Ramona (1807-1842), Jose Nasario (1809-1860), Pedro Juan Santiago Pectinarzo “Agapito” (1812-1859) and Maria Sinforosa (1815-1820). <mask> was described as tall, handsome, intelligent and personable.He was a faithful Roman Catholic and insisted his family observe the rituals. As was customary, he was trained as a youth in horsemanship and herding stock on the open range. He learned to read and write Spanish in a time when most people were illiterate. He continued to educate himself through reading throughout his life. He was a master of the Spanish language and he learned to speak English. He became a proficient public speaker capable of using both diplomacy and profanity as warranted. His life spanned the Spanish, Mexican, and American eras in California.<mask> was an heir to the vast Rancho San Pedro land grant in the Los Angeles Basin. Eldest son of Cristobal <mask>, he is credited with the solidification of the Rancho San Pedro with a new Mexican land grant and an American patent and with the development of the rancho, and erecting the Dominguez Rancho Adobe as rancho headquarters above the Los Angeles River floodplain in the Dominguez Hills, located on the border between Compton, California and Carson, California. At the age of 20, he fathered a child (Tomasa) with the 10- or 11-year-old daughter of Santiago Arguello. <mask> met the beautiful and talented Maria Engracia de Cota. They fell in love. On December 7, 1827 they were wed at Mission San Gabriel. Maria skillfully managed the business of  household and social gatherings.Maria was the daughter of Don Guillermo Cota, Prefect (Commissioner) for the Mexican government. Through this contact <mask> gained an introduction to the political workings of the Pueblo and surrounding area. Maria was also the granddaughter of <mask>, powerful holder of the large land grant to the east.of Rancho San Pedro. Together <mask> and Maria had ten children, four of whom died in childhood. Beginning in 1828, Dominguez embarked on a lengthy career of public service, in addition to his business interests. His political service included Alcalde (Mayor) of the Pueblo de Los Ángeles and Third Prefect of the Southern District of Alta California. Rancho San Pedro
<mask>z inherited the Rancho San Pedro in 1825 from his father, Cristóbal Domínguez.<mask> and his two brothers settled on the ranch, building adobe homes. The land was originally granted to his great-uncle, Juan José Domínguez (1736-1809) a Spanish soldier in New Spain. In 1769, with Fernando Rivera y Moncada, he was in the first group that arrived at the site of and founded the Presidio of San Diego in Alta California. Domínguez served with Gaspar de Portolà and Junípero Serra on  the Portolà expedition, the first European land exploration of present-day California. It traveled north from San Diego to the San Gabriel Valley, Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco Bay. In 1784, Juan José Domínguez received a land grant grazing concession named Rancho San Pedro,  of land and one of the first in California, by the upper Las Californias military Governor Pedro Fages on behalf of King Charles III of Spain. It included what is today the entire Port of Los Angeles; San Pedro, Los Angeles; Harbor City, Los Angeles; Wilmington, Los Angeles; Carson; Compton; the Dominguez Hills; Lomita; the Palos Verdes Peninsula; Redondo Beach; Hermosa Beach; Manhattan Beach; and Torrance.The Rancho was regranted by the Mexican government in 1822 after Mexico became independent from Spain. On December 18, 1858 the United States government patented the 43,119 acre claim by <mask>. On May 25, 1869 <mask> made a grant to the Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad of a 100-foot right of way through the Rancho San Pedro. Operation of the Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad through the Rancho San Pedro began in 1869. Additional right of way from Wilmington to Rattlesnake (Terminal) Island to the Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad was granted in 1871. This was the forerunner of today's Alameda Corridor, an express route for to and from the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Ownership disputes
Disputes of <mask>’s ownership of Rancho San Pedro originated with events that occurred while California was under Spanish rule.When Juan José Domínguez died in 1809 and left half of his estate to Cristóbal Domínguez his nephew, Cristóbal did not aggressively defend his claim. The executor of the estate, <mask>, paid off the debts of Juan José and moved in, assuming rights of ownership. Gutiérrez built up the Rancho. He gave Jose Dolores Sepúlveda permission to run cattle on part of the land known as los Palos Verdes. Sepúlveda made improvements and built up his herd. In 1817 Cristóbal asserted his claim to the estate demanding Sepúlveda remove his cattle. Governor Sola issued a decree that the Rancho was the property of Juan José Domínguez and ordering Sepúlveda to leave.Sepúlveda refused; resulting in a stalemate. Then in 1822 Cristóbal again obtained from Governor Sola a decree assigning him the land. The decree was to be presented personally to the ‘’Ayuntamiento’’ of Los Angeles. This was performed by <mask>z. Sepúlveda again refused. Under Mexican rule Juan Dolores Sepúlveda filed a counterclaim based on permission of Gutiérrez, length of residence and substantial improvements to the property. Juan Dolores Sepúlveda died in an Indian revolt.His heirs were children and <mask> assumed control of operations in their behalf. Doña Sepúlveda, the widow,  married Antonio Machado and the family stayed on the Rancho. In 1825 Cristóbal Domínguez died and <mask> moved onto the Rancho with his brothers Nasario and Pedro. <mask> kept up his ownership claims. California had become part of Mexico in 1822, <mask> sought and received two decrees from Mexican Governor Echeandia for removal of the herds of Machado and Sepúlveda, but Governor Echeandia confused matters by at the same time issuing Sepúlveda a conflicting provisional grant of Rancho de los Palos Verdes. The heirs of Sepúlveda, Machado and Gutiérrez refused the decrees obtained by <mask>. In 1834 <mask>, Gutiérrez, and the heirs of Sepúlveda; Juan and José Sepúlveda, presented their claims to Governor José Figueroa.In the Arbitration Decree of 1834 he ruled that despite the decrees to vacate, the Sepúlveda's had taken possession in good faith at a time when Cristóbal Domínguez was not asserting his claim. He awarded them the Palos Verdes area. The remainder of Rancho San Pedro went to <mask>z. Gutiérrez was given no land ownership but could pasture his herds for the remainder of his life. In October 1838 Nathaniel Pryor, husband of Teresa Sepúlveda, the brother in law of Juan and José Sepúlveda petitioned the Governor asking for four thousand acres of land belonging to
<mask> on the east side of Palos Verdes. Governor Alvarado denied the petition as the land was in private hands. In 1839 <mask> submitted and was granted a petition for los Palos Verdes and the Sepúlvedas were ordered to vacate.José and Juan Sepúlveda filed a cross complaint siting the Arbitration Decree of 1834. In April 1841 Governor Alvarado upheld the Sepúlveda claim, but admonished both parties. <mask>z proposed a private settlement. The boundaries between the Ranchos were surveyed. In June 1841 an agreement was signed by the Domínguez family transferring all rights to los Palos Verdes to the Supelvedas. This effectively ended the dispute between the families. Public career
<mask>gue held many public offices in his lifetime.In June 1828 he was appointed as Elector de Partido for the Pueblo of Los Angeles. In November 1828 <mask> was elected to the Pueblo de Los Angeles El Ilustre Ayuntamento (City Council) under Mexican rule. From January 11 to February 19, 1829 he served as delegate to the first Mexican legislature in Alta California, at San Diego. In 1832, at the age of 29, he was elected Alcalde (Mayor) of the Pueblo de Los Angeles. In 1839 he was elected to a second term and in 1842 he was elected to a third term as Alcade. From 1833 to 1834, <mask> served as a representative from Los Angeles pueblo to the Mexican Provincial Legislature in  Alta California's capital of Monterey. In 1836 he was  elected Encargado de Justicia, or Justice of the Peace of the San Pedro District.In 1843, he was appointed by the Governor as the Third Prefect of the Southern District of Alta California, which gave <mask> authority over all of present-day Los Angeles and Orange Counties. In 1844 he was appointed Capitán de Defensores, local company of militia. In 1848, from September 3 to October 13, during the transition from Mexican to American rule, Dominguez was one of the eight Californio delegates sent to the constitutional convention in Monterey at which a constitution was drafted preparatory to California's admission to the Union as a state. He was a signer of the first constitution of California. In 1852, <mask> was elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Death
<mask> passed away after a short illness on October 11, 1882, at the age of 79. Requiem Mass was celebrated at St. Vibiana's Cathedral in Los Angeles by Bishop Mora.The coffin was attended by twelve prominent men in the community, Californios, Anglos, and Europeans. <mask> was buried at the old Calvary Cemetery (Los Angeles) which is now abandoned. Some time later he and his wife were re-interred in New Calvary Cemetery. Legacy
<mask> is best remembered for keeping the Rancho San Pedro intact, while most of the other large ranchos were quickly broken up following the end of the Mexican era. While diminished in size, the Rancho lands remained in the hands of the <mask> family via the Dominguez Estate Company, the Dominguez Water Company, and the Watson Land Company. The adobe <mask> built is now both a state and national landmark and is operated as a museum, the Dominguez Rancho Adobe Museum. <mask> High School in Compton California was named for him.In 2005, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Heirs of <mask>
Luis Gonzaga Policarpo <mask> <mask> y Reyes was married to María Engracia de Cota y Nieto, daughter of Rancho Los Cerritos owner Guillermo Cota. Upon <mask>'s death in 1882, and the passing of his wife just a few months later, the Rancho San Pedro lands were partitioned among his six surviving children, all daughters. See also
Battle of Dominguez Rancho
Rancho Dominguez, California
California State University, Dominguez Hills

Notes

References

External links
Dominguez Rancho Adobe Museum website
Rancho San Pedro Archives from Cal State Dominguez Hills (web-archived)

Californios
Land owners from California
People of the Californias
People of Mexican California
1803 births
1882 deaths
19th-century Mexican people
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
People from Carson, California
People from San Juan Capistrano, California
19th century in Los Angeles
19th-century American politicians
Ranchers from California

masks:
Don Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Dominguez
Don Manuel
Manuel Antonio
Dominguez
Manuel Rodriguez
Manuel
Dominguez
Manuel
Manuel
Dominguez
Dominguez
Manuel
Manuel
Manuel Dominguez
Manuel Dominguez
Manuel Dominguez
Dominguez
Manuel Dominguez
Manuel
Manuel Nieto
Manuel
Manuel Domingue
Manuel
Manuel Dominguez
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Gutiérrez
Manuel Domíngue
Manuel Gutiérrez
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Domíngue
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Domíngue
Manuel Domín
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel
Manuel
Dominguez
Manuel Dominguez
Dominguez
Manuel Dominguez
Dominguez
Manuel
Manuel Domingz
Manuel Domínguez
Manuel Antonio
Fernando Dominguez
Manuel Domínguez


text_chunks: <mask> is Professor at the Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT). He currently holds the office of the Dean, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology. He was served as Head of the department, Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, CUSAT during 2019-2021 period. He has expertise in teaching, research, and development activities in the broad area of Aquatic Ecosystem Characterisation, Conservation, Restoration and Management, Carbon Dynamics & Community Ecology, Communities Ecology & Biology, Eco-toxicology and Biology of Polar Communities. He is author or co-author of more than 220 journal articles, books, and proceedings and has edited ten books as special volumes. Recently a new species of deep sea wood boring mollusc collected from eastern Arabian Sea named after Prof. <mask> as Xylophaga nandani by team of Researchers from Brazil and India namely, Marcel Velásquez, P.R.Jayachandran & M. Jima. The leadership of Prof. <mask> <mask> has been phenomenal in bringing the department to the forefront of academic, research, development (R&D) and extension activities in the university. He founded and leads the Ecology division of the dept. of Marine Biology dedicated to bringing ocean and coastal science to policy makers, and has been instrumental in efforts to develop a global initiative to integrate national and international efforts to benefit science and society. Before moving to CUSAT, he was Officer in Charge and Scientist at Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI: ICAR), Kerala Unit and Senior Officer at Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical & Engineering Training (CIFNET), Govt. of India. Prof. <mask> is a marine biologist; his scientific interests are broad and interdisciplinary, critically providing key insights in marine ecology, environmental change, natural resource management and biodiversity conservation that encompass analyses of distribution, taxonomy and community ecology of pelagic and benthic species and assemblages to elucidate the factors that regulate the structure of the biota, along with the ecophysiology and population dynamics in budgeting models of benthic-pelagic carbon flux and their dynamics in response to environmental (including climate) change.Also, pollution, ecotoxicology of contaminants and ecology of Arctic soft bottom fauna, submarine ground water zones are his recent studies initiated. His research findings and outcome of the studies have created a data platform, critically supporting evidence based policy decision making and the management of marine ecosystems in the country. His research, along with field based actions were conducted over the past two decades, on the margins of the India Ocean, (Arabian sea, Bay of Bengal), the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean-fjords, Lakshadweep islands, Andaman sea, estuaries, river systems and mangroves using ships, vessels, boats to sample and conduct experiments. He has participated in over 60 expeditions for accomplishing these field visits and studies. To elaborate briefly the research and development contributions of Prof. <mask>, over the last 2 decades, the first at his doctoral and postdoctoral periods, when he explored and studied the specialized, dynamic ecosystem of backwaters in Kerala, a rich aquatic resource providing employment to the rural people. The study identified production parameters and biological indicators including location specific seasonal changes have been defined. The study suggested management measures to control the pollution problems from retting and associated activity, after which, through policy interventions, the backwaters were effectively delinked from such impacts.This work formed the basis of his Ph.D. thesis, that won the Jawaharlal Nehru Award in 1993, instituted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research as high quality doctoral (PhD) thesis in research priority/ frontier areas of agriculture of allied areas from Indian Universities  and the UNESCO Fellowship, 2008. He was a U.S. Fulbright Visiting Scholar, Technical Member, Kerala State Pollution Control Board, Fellow, National Institute of Ecology, India and Coordinator of the UGC-SAP programme of the Dept. of Marine Biology. Over twenty-six students were awarded PhDs under his mentorship in CUSAT and other Universities of India. Subsequent studies focused on the environmental quality and production (primary and secondary) parameters of coastal wetlands (backwaters, estuaries, subterranean ground water zones, kole lands) were characterized, data based models evolved for its management; taxonomy of several planktonic and benthic fauna and assemblages and species by conventional and molecular phylogeny (~225 gene bank submissions) were established for defining their trophic status. Ecology, structural diversity, plankton and benthic community patterns and litter fall in relation to carbon dynamics of Indian mangroves established and effective conservation and management plans formulated. Detailed community structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton (copepods, siphonophores etc.)from Indian Ocean by classical and molecular methods, their spatio-temporal pattern evolved and the possible influence of climate change (physical forcing's and chemical attributes) on the distribution and population character documented. Greenhouse gas (CH4, N2O, CO2) fluxes and carbon fractions (total, inorganic, dissolved etc.) from wetlands including mangroves established that, they are sources of carbon, however paddylands were notable sinks of carbon. The carbon energy changes, global warming potential (GWP), sequestration in relation to different organisms were worked out vis-à-vis the biological pump in these wetlands. The catch potential, CPUE, stock assessment and biology of selected coastal fishery were evolved and management plans outlined. Community ecology of benthic fauna and carbon sequestration potential in relation to climate change from the Arctic fjords were critically documented from 2011 to date. A wide array of meiofauna species, balancing the particulate carbon for budgeting and transfer along the food web of the fjords, an important step in managing the climate change in the polar region were mooted.Another very important outcome of his study is in Marine Ecotoxicology, where sea water quality criteria for heavy metals, (Cu, Zn and Pb) from Cochin coastal zone and its bioaccumulation (trophic transfer) in endemic species along the food web, with simultaneous bioassay (flow-through and renewal) on the same species using specific biomarkers with the toxicity endpoints and pollution indices were derived. Based on this network study, the draft seawater quality guidelines for the metals have been notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change for further consideration. As Technical member, Kerala State Pollution Control Board and other Govt. committees (committee for granting new chemical industries in Eloor Edayar region of Cochin, State e-waste Management and Handling Committee, State environmental Awards committee, Vembanad ecodevelopment authority etc.) from 2011 onwards, he was instrumental in managing and resolving various environmental problems in the country. In this aspect, the study based technical committee report on Fish Kill in Periyar River, of Govt.of Kerala (Kerala State Pollution Control Board), the Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL) project: impact on flamingo population, of Govt. of Maharashtra and the Estimate Value of Environmental Degradation and Cost Restoration of Lakshadweep island, of Lakshadweep administration are few of them.Also, the report on Fish kill in Periyar River submitted to Govt. of Kerala in 2014 has been accepted by the Human Rights Commission, Govt. of Kerala and recorded its deep appreciation for implementation. Prof. <mask> is in the forefront, building taxonomic expertise in the country, through need based capacity building actions, as enshrined under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Several species of marine organisms were documented, among which few important discoveries and records are noted. They are the Clam shrimps: Leptestheria dumonti and Eulimnadia azisi (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)(2010);Crab:Pseudosesarma glabrum (Crustacea:Brachyura: Sesarmidae) (2017) and Parasesarma bengalense (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) (2019) Neorhynchoplax alcocki and Neorhynchoplax demeloi (Crustacea:Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae); Amphipoda: Victoriopisa cusatensis (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) (2018);Subterranean fishes: Horaglanis krishnai, Monopterus digressus, Monopterus trichurensis, Channa sp. nov. (2018), Copepod: Tortanus minicoyensis (Crustacean: copepoda) (2019); Bivalve: Mytella strigata (First record) (2019), Indosphenia kayalum(2018), Mytilopsis sallei (2018).The R&D achievements of Prof. <mask> emanated through the financial support garnered from various research and consultancy based projects funded by the national and international agencies, that includes the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Department of Science & Technology, University Grants Commission, Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change, Kerala State Council for Science Technology & Environment, Dept of Environment, Govt of Kerala and so on. As Principal investigator (PI), he is implementing projects at a total budget cost of about Rs. 6.91crores from 2006 to date. The MoES has been the major source of his grant in aid, (research support) including the Indian Arctic research program, (from 2011 onwards) through the NCPOR. About 45 project fellows, post docs. and scientist have been working under his supervision in these important research and consultancy based projects. Also prior to 2006, during his service in ICAR, research funding to a tune of Rs.2 crores were garnered and implemented through him. Another outstanding achievement was his participation as a team member in the “Environmental damage mitigation and containment and Valuation of ecologic losses program” implemented under the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) in Saudi Arabia, established by the UN Security Council, subsequent to ensuing ‘Gulf War’ in January–February 1991.Thus, his studies contribute greatly to advancing marine conservation and sustainable development on marine policy, climate change and government action. Prof. <mask> has been liaising several international collaborations and Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with reputed national and international institutions for academic advancement in ocean science. Among them, the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, UK, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA, Systematics and Ecology Laboratory University of Singapore (NUS), State University of Montes Claros, Brazil, Kerala State Pollution Control Board, DST, Lakshadweep, National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR) are a few of them. In this context, he was also instrumental in organising the Erudite – Scholar in Residence program, Chancellor chair and Fulbright visiting scientist programs. The Erudite programs organised were by Prof. Michael C Newman, USA (area: marine ecotoxicology), Prof. Dr. Lisa A Levin, USA (Marine ecology), Dr. Peter K.L.N.G, Singapore (Marine crustaceans) and Dr. P Graham Oliver, UK (marine bivalves); the Chancellor Chair by Prof. David M. Checkley, Jr., Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), (Marine fishery) and Fulbright host institution (specialist) programme by Dr. Jyotsna Sharma-Srinivasan, USA (marine nematodes). A recognized and respected voice on threats to aquatic ecosystems, Bijoy's research papers, reviews, press reports, commentaries, and policy papers can

masks:
Sivasankaran Bijoy Nandan
Bijoy Nadan
Bijoy
Nandan
Bijoy
Bijoy
Bijoy
Bijoy
Bijoy


text_chunks:
 be found in various outlets including Marine Environmental Research, Zootaxa, Marine Biodiversity, Regional Studies in Marine Science and several others.Prof.  <mask> has over 303 original publications with a total citation of 923, h-index of 16 and i10 index 30 (source: Google Scholar). Among them were refereed journals (106 no), book chapters (37), books (14), bulletin/ reports (18) and proceedings (44 no). He has delivered invited / plenary / special lectures (84 no.) at national and international meetings and has edited special volumes (12) as Chief editor on various topics in marine science. Almost all his publications have emanated through his externally funded research projects, which are mentioned in this nomination. The journal Current Science (vol.102, NO. 11, 10 JUNE 2012) published by Indian Academy of Sciences, India has also carried the cover page photo of his publication.He has visited 14 countries Viz. UK, Saudi Arabia, USA, New Zealand, Malaysia, Japan, Singapore, Italy, Slovenia, Norway, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Colombo and France for various academic and research assignments. Also, happy to note that, <mask> was special invitee at the Italy – Japan, Bilateral grouping and the meetings in various fields in marine science held from 2009 to 2016. Prof. <mask> Nandan is the receipt of several awards and recognitions, they were Jawaharlal Nehru Award in 1993 instituted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Govt. of India as detailed above, the Best paper presentation Award  of Indian Environment Congress of the Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham in 2006; the Recognition Award of Zoological Society of India in 2008, the Excellence Award for Contribution in Wetland Science of msm College, Kayamkulam and Best poster awards at Fifth National Research Conference on Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 2014 and at International conference on climate change, Colombo University in 2018. Another outstanding achievement was his selection as Fulbright Scholar (Fulbright-Nehru Visiting Lecturer Fellow) (September 15, 2013 to January 14, 2014) at Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William &Mary, USA, in Science & Technology (Marine Biology), (Topic: Marine Ecotoxicology, Ecosystem level Monitoring, Assessment and Management). During this period, he also won the Fulbright Outreach lecture fund award for delivering a special lecture at Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation (CMBC) seminar in Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California, San Diego (UCSD).He is the recipient of noted national and international fellowships including the United Nations University Fellowship (2002) and the UNESCO Fellowship (2008) for scientific advancement. Dr <mask> is supervising several students for Doctoral program in Cochin University of Science & Technology (Faculty: Marine science and Environmental studies), Mahatma Gandhi University (Faculty: Zoology) and MS University (Faculty: Marine science & Technology). To date, 24 PhD and 19 MPhil scholars have received their degrees under his supervision from the 3 universities. Several students are progressing with their PhD programs. He is fellow of National Institute of Ecology, India and Coordinator of UGC-SAP programme of the Dept. of Marine Biology, CUSAT. Also an active member of many academic bodies and frequently communicates with decision makers, ranging in scope from local advisory boards like Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate change, Ministry of Earth Sciences to global assemblies such as the Invasive network, United Nations Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP).Employment Record
Scientist & Officer in Charge (Head), Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Centre (ICAR), Govt. of India (1994 to 1999 & 2002 to 2006); Sr. Instructor (Fishery Biology), CIFNET, Govt. of India Cochin (1999- 2002); Reader and associate professor in Marine Biology, Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT) (2006 to 2012); Professor in Marine Biology, Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science & Technology (2012 September to date); Head, Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science & Technology (2018 March to April 2021). Dean, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology (2021 June onwards).Professional Experience
He has 27 years (continuing) (including post-doctoral research of CSIR for 3yrs & Consultant Marine Biologist in Marine Science Division, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia). International research undertaken: July–August 2003: As Consultant Marine Biologist in the United Nations Compensation Research Project: Studies on the Oceanographic and Biodiversity changes in the Gulf Coast waters, Saudi Arabia in the context of oil pollution due to the Gulf war, Marine Science Division, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia; September, 2013 to January, 2014, As Fulbright Scholar at the College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, USA teaching and research actions in marine ecology and ecotoxicology and pollution topics under Fulbright grant. Field experience: Indian Ocean, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Arctic Ocean, backwaters and estuaries (including sea voyage / cruise): ~ 24 months
Teaching:19years (continuing). Administrative: 16 years (continuing)
Teaching and research faculty: MSc & PhD program in Marine Biology, MPhil life science, refresher and short-term course, environmental studies (research faculty). Member in professional bodies: 6 national &2 international. Technical Member: Kerala State Pollution Control Board, from February 2011 to April 2014 period,
Coordinator, UGC – SAP program, CUSAT, Board of studies chairman, Marine Biology, CUSAT. Ph.D. supervision
Ciji, P.P.2012, Toxicity due to Copper and Zinc on the fresh water fish, Puntius parrah (Day 1865).Faculty of Science- Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi University (Part time). Lathika Cicily Thomas 2015, Microphytoplankton community structure in the Northern Eastern Arabian Sea during Winter Monsoon, Faculty of Marine Sciences, CUSAT. Vineetha S.2015, Ecosystem monitoring and modelling of Benthic fauna in Maranchery Kole wetland, Kerala, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, CUSAT. Anu Pavithran 2015, Abundance and diversity of macrofauna from selected intertidal habitats of south west coast of India, Faculty of Marine Sciences, CUSAT. Seema V. 2015, Biotic production potential in relation to environmental status of the Ashtamudi Wetland Ecosystem, Kerala. Faculty of Science- Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi University. Thasneem T.A.2016, Productivity pattern and its dynamics in a tropical estuary, south west coast of India. Faculty of Marine Sciences (Marine Biology), CUSAT. Girish Kumar B. 2017, Toxicity induced changes of Cu and Pb on the humoral and cellular factors on Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Faculty of Science- Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi University. Ambily V. 2017, Phenology and life history traits of Arius subrostratus (Valenciennes, 1840) from Cochin estuary, India. Faculty of Science- Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi University.Sreedevi O.K. 2018, Assessment of trophic change and production potential of Kodungallur- Azhikode estuary, India., Faculty of Marine Sciences (Marine Biology), CUSAT. Sreelekshmi S. 2018, Floristic structure, Zonation and Diversity pattern of major Mangrove ecosystems of India, Faculty of Marine Sciences (Marine Biology), CUSAT. Retina I. Cleetus 2018, Community structure of zooplankton and its trophic analysis in Vembanad estuary, India. Faculty of Marine Sciences (Marine Biology), CUSAT. Asha C. V. 2018, Assessing the structural and functional ecology of benthic fauna in Vembanad estuarine system, India. Faculty of Marine Sciences (Marine Biology), CUSAT.Rakhi Gopalan K. P. 2018, Dynamics of biocenosis and its spatio-temporal variability in Maranchery Kole wetland, Kerala, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, CUSAT. Jayachandran P. R. 2018, Bioecological study of benthic communities in the Kodungallur-Azhikode estuary-south west coast of India, Faculty of Marine Sciences, CUSAT. Radhika Radhakrishnan 2018, Ecology, morphotaxonomy and molecular characterization of Cyclopoid copepods from Lakshadweep islands, South Eastern Arabian Sea, Faculty of Marine Sciences (Marine Biology), CUSAT. Akhilesh Vijay 2017, Carbon sequestration potential of coastal wetlands and its possible impact on climate change, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, CUSAT. Geetha P.N. 2018, Distribution and Community Structure of Benthic Fauna in Cochin Estuary, India, Faculty of Science- Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi University. Sajeevan S. 2018, Environmental and productivity characteristics of Vembanad backwater, southern Kerala, Faculty of Marine Science & Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu (part time).Archana Devi T. 2019, Acute and Chronic toxicity effects of zinc on Etroplus maculatus  (Bloch, 1795), Marine Science - Zoology, Faculty of Marine Science & Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu (part time). Sanu V. F. 2019, Morpho- Taxonomy, Genetic Analysis and Distribution of Calanoid copepods from Lakshadweep and coastal waters of south west coast of India, Faculty of Marine Science, CUSAT. Preethy C.M. 2019, Taxonomy and ecological characterization of mangroves of Kerala, Faculty of Marine Sciences, CUSAT. Philomina Joseph 2019, Benthic biocenosis in the tropical mangrove stands of Kerala, Faculty of Marine Science, CUSAT. Rani Varghese 2019, Carbon Stock Assessment and Sequestration Potential of Mangroves in the South- West coast of India, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, CUSAT. Sajana N. 2020, Scad fishery along Kerala coast and bionomics of Alepes djedaba (Forsskal 1775), Faculty of Marine Science, CUSAT.Research projects
Soft bottom Meiobenthic fauna as proxies of the Functional character of selected Arctic fjords; Impact of Climate variability on the India Ocean: Role of gelatinous zooplankton structuring food web structure and community assemblages; Ecology and functional diversity of meiofauna in selected   Arctic fjords; Functional importance and responses of meiofauna to environmental gradients in the Arctic fjord; Marine Biodiversity and Bioprospecting for sustainable development; Network project on Mission Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD). Consultancy Projects
As CONSULTANT MARINE BIOLOGIST in the United Nations Compensation Research Project: Studies on the Oceanographic and Biodiversity changes in the Gulf Coast waters, Saudi Arabia in the context of oil pollution due to the Gulf war, Marine Science Division, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia; Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL) project: Study of Flamingos and Migratory Birds: Study of Plankton & Benthic component, funded by Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), Coimbatore, Ministry of Environment & Forests, India; Environmental Monitoring associated with Development of an International Container Transshipment Terminal at Vallarpadam – Assessment of Mangroves, funded by National Institute of Oceanography, Govt. of India; Fish Kill in Periyar River, funded by Kerala State Pollution Control Board, Govt. of Kerala. Funding Agencies
Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)|National Centre for Coastal Research| National Centre for Earth Science Studies | Department of Biotechnology | Department Of Science & Technology | Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment |Kerala State Biodiversity Board | Department of Environment and Climate Change

References

Cochin University of Science and Technology
Living people
1964

masks: Bijoy Bijoy Bijoy Bijoy


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<mask>, Sr. (March 10, 1908 – January 10, 1966)  was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and president of the Forrest County chapter of the NAACP in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. He was murdered by the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan for his work on recruiting African Americans to vote. Early life and family
<mask> was born on March 10, 1908, in the Kelly Settlement, Forrest County, Mississippi to Ellen Louvenia (Kelly) and <mask>. <mask> was described as an honest, hardworking farmer of integrity. His mother Ellen Kelly was biracial because of her mother, Henrietta. Henrietta was a biracial child born out of wedlock by a white slave owner, O.B Kelly, and one of his slaves. She was given to a black family, called the McCombs.His cousin, Iola Williams, became the first African-American member of the San Jose, California, City Council in 1979. Dahmer attended Bay Spring High School until the tenth grade; failing to graduate. He was light-skinned enough to pass as a white man, but instead chose to forgo the privileges of living as a Caucasian man and faced the daily challenges of being a black man in Mississippi during that time. Dahmer was married three times. His first wife was Warnie Laura Mott (1910–1975); their marriage of seven years ended in divorce in 1935. In 1938, Dahmer remarried; this time to a woman named Ora Lee Smith (1919–1950). Unfortunately, Aura died after a long illness in 1950.Ellie Jewel Davis (born June 27, 1925) was his third and final wife; she was a teacher from Rose Hill, Mississippi, and had recently moved to Forrest County. The couple met after working on the school board together and married in March 1952. The couple had two children together, Dennis and Bettie, to add to the six children Dahmer had with his first two wives (three children from each marriage), making a total of seven boys and one girl. The family and their home was located north of Forrest County and was part of the Kelly Settlement, close to the Jones County border; the settlement (named for Dahmer's maternal grandfather). Ellie Dahmer taught for many years in Richton, Mississippi and retired in 1987 from the Forrest County school system. Dahmer was a member of Shady Grove Baptist Church where he served as a music director and Sunday School teacher. He was the owner of a grocery store, sawmill, planing mill, and also cotton farm.His main objective was to make a living for himself and to provide work for somebody else. He would hire local individuals from the community to work for him and did not discriminate between black or white. Civil Rights Movement
During the Civil Rights Movement, Dahmer served two terms as president of the Forrest County Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and led voter registration drives in the 1960s. His wife Ellie said "He was a good progressive Christian man. He wasn't a mean, bitter Civil Rights worker, because he saw good in white as well as he did in black." As president of the Forrest County Chapter of the NAACP, he had personally asked the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to send workers to help aid the voter registrations efforts being made by African Americans in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. SNCC had sent two workers, Curtis Hayes and Hollis Watkins, to Hattiesburg.The act of calling SNCC to help aid the efforts made by the NAACP would eventually cost him his NAACP presidency. In 1949, Dahmer was in the process of making out his new registration card when Luther Cox denied his attempts to re-register. Luther Cox was the authority figure in charge of registered voters in Forrest County and was a white segregationist. Cox would only authorize a registration of a black person if they could answer the question "How many bubbles are in a bar of soap?" In 1950, fifteen leaders of Forrest County's black community, including Dahmer, filed a lawsuit against Cox for his administration of the voting laws; preliminary injunction. Twelve years later, in March 1962, the preliminary injunction was in motion of being viewed by the court of law. Dahmer had testified in court against Luther Cox and his testimony helped demonstrate the pattern of discrimination in the county.In the 1950s, <mask> and Medgar Evers founded a youth NAACP chapter in Hattiesburg. The student chapter did not last longer than a year. Dahmer continued to be supportive of the SNCC throughout the Civil Rights Movement. Dahmer's farm quickly became a home away from home for SNCC volunteers. The farm was also used for registration projects and helped employ the committee volunteers. Dahmer was also working closely with the Coalition for Free and Open Elections (COFO) and the Delta Ministry. Dahmer kept a voter registration book in his grocery store in late 1965 to make it easier for blacks to register.Dahmer also made a public service announcement over the radio stating that he would help the local African American population pay a poll tax for the right to vote if they could not afford to do so themselves. His mantra was, "If you don't vote, you don't count", and those words, which he repeated on his deathbed, were used as his epitaph. Murder and suspects
The Dahmers had been sleeping in shifts because they had been receiving numerous death threats throughout the year. The Dahmers also kept a shotgun by the nightstand and they were willing to use it in case they heard gunshots and needed to return fire and they always kept the curtains tightly drawn at night in order to make it harder for night riders to see into their home. On January 10, 1966, the Dahmer home was attacked by the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. The family woke to the sound of a shotgun being discharged and the sound of gas jugs being thrown through the windows. As Ellie went to grab the children, the house erupted into fire.Dahmer returned fire from inside the house in order to try and distract the Klansmen while he helped hand Bettie down to Ellie. He was able to leave his burning home, but he was seriously burned from the waist up; Bettie's arms were also severely burned. The Dahmers' home, grocery store, and car were all destroyed in the fire. Dahmer was taken to the hospital, but he died of smoke inhalation and his lungs were also severely burned. Before he died, Dahmer told a local newspaper reporter: "I've been active in trying to get people to register to vote. People who don't vote are deadbeats on the state. I figure a man needs to do his own thinking.What happened to us last night can happen to anyone, white or black. At one time I didn't think so, but I have changed my mind." The Chamber of Commerce, under Bob Beech and William Carey College President Dr. Ralph Noonkester, led a community effort to rebuild the Dahmer's home. Local and state businesses such as the Masonite Corporation, Alexander Materials, and Frierson Building Materials donated materials, local unions donated their services, and students from the University of Southern Mississippi volunteered by doing unskilled labor. Bob Beech's second priority was to provide college funds to Dahmer's school-aged children. Four of Dahmer's sons were serving in the United States military but they left their posts in order to help bury their father and reconstruct their family's home. The authorities indicted fourteen men, most of them had Ku Klux Klan connections, so they could be tried for the attack on the Dahmer's home.Thirteen of the men were brought to trial, eight of them were brought to trial on arson and murder charges. Four of the men were convicted and Billy Roy Pitts (Sam Bowers' bodyguard), who had dropped his gun at the crime scene, entered a guilty plea and his gun was turned in as state's evidence. Billy only served three years of his federal prison sentence. However, three out of the four men who were convicted were pardoned within four years. In addition, eleven of the defendants were tried on federal charges of conspiracy to intimidate Dahmer because of his civil rights activities. Former Ku Klux Klan Imperial Wizard Sam Bowers, who was believed to have ordered the murder, was tried four times and each time he invoked the Fifth Amendment. Each trial ended in a mistrial.Twenty-five years after the murder of <mask> and the assault on his family, the case was reopened by the state of Mississippi. The case lasted seven years, and it ended with the conviction and sentencing to life in prison of Imperial Wizard Bowers in 1998. Bowers died in the Mississippi State Penitentiary on November 5, 2006, at the age of 82. Honors and recognition
After Dahmer's death, a street and a park in Hattiesburg were both named in his honor. On July 26, 1986, a memorial to Dahmer was also dedicated at the park. In 1992, Dahmer's widow, Ellie, was elected election commissioner of District 2, Forrest County. For more than a decade, she served in this position, supported by black and white residents, in the same district where her husband was killed for his voting rights advocacy.On January 8, 2016, the Mississippi State Legislature honored the civil rights leader by designating January 10 <mask>er Day. A commemoration ceremony, which was attended by Dahmer's widow and family, was held in Hattiesburg on the 50th anniversary of his death. Today, his family still attends the Shady Grove Baptist Church and its members are also very active in the community. In January 2020, a bronze statue of Dahmer was erected in front of the Forrest County Courthouse. References

External links
 SNCC Digital Gateway: <mask>, Documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-out
Sandra Peters, "32 Years to Justice", United Methodist Church Global Board Ministries
Mississippi faces past in Klan trial by Philip Delves Broughton in Hattiesburg. The Daily Telegraph (August 19, 1998). Retrieved October 23, 2007.Photographs of the events following <mask>'s murder Moncrief Photograph Collection, Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Dahmer (Vernon F.) Collection - University of Southern Mississippi
Oral history with Mrs. Ellie J<mask> - University of Southern Mississippi
WCU to celebrate Civil Rights activist <mask> with literature collection
The Case of the 1966 KKK Firebombing - Federal Bureau of Investigation
 Dahmer's wife and daughter discuss the night he died, broadcast on NPR, January 13, 2017

1908 births
1966 deaths
1966 murders in the United States
20th-century African-American activists
Activists for African-American civil rights
African-American businesspeople
20th-century American businesspeople
American democracy activists
Assassinated American civil rights activists
Businesspeople from Mississippi
Deaths by improvised explosive device in the United States
History of voting rights in the United States
Ku Klux Klan crimes in Mississippi
Murdered African-American people
People from Forrest County, Mississippi
People from Hattiesburg, Mississippi
People murdered in Mississippi
Racially motivated violence against African Americans

masks:
Vernon Ferdinand Dahmer
Vernon Dahmer
George Washington Dahmer
George Dahmer
Dahmer
Vernon Dahmer
Vernon Dahm
Vernon Dahmer
Vernon Dahmer
. Dahmer
Vernon Dahmer


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<mask> (; 19 September 1934 – 27 August 1967) was a British music entrepreneur who managed the Beatles from 1962 until his death. <mask> was born into a family of successful retailers in Liverpool, who put him in charge of their music shop, where he displayed a gift for talent-spotting. He first met the Beatles in 1961 at a lunchtime concert at Liverpool's Cavern Club. Although he had no experience of artist management, <mask> put them under contract and insisted that they abandon their scruff-image in favour of a new clean-cut style. He then persuaded George Martin of EMI group to produce their records. Within months, the Beatles were international stars. <mask> accompanied them to America, where he was besieged by merchandising offers, but had signed away 90 percent of the rights in advance.This is viewed as his one miscalculation. Some of <mask>'s other young discoveries had also prospered under his management. They included Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Tommy Quickly and Cilla Black. In 1967, he died of a sedative overdose, ruled as accidental, at the age of 32. Ancestry

<mask> was Jewish; his grandfather <mask> was Lithuanian Jewish (then part of the Russian Empire) and had arrived in Britain in the 1890s at the age of eighteen. His grandmother Dinah was the daughter of Joseph (a draper) and Esther Hyman, who had emigrated from Russia to Britain ( 1871/72) with their eldest son Jacob. The Hymans had six more children.<mask> married Dinah Hyman in Manchester in 1900. In 1901, Isaac and Dinah were living at 80 Walton Road, Liverpool, with Isaac's sister Rachael <mask>, above the furniture dealership that he founded. Dinah and Isaac's third child was <mask>, <mask>'s father. Eventually the family moved to a larger home in the Anfield area of Liverpool at 27 Anfield Road. After Harry and his brother Leslie had joined the family firm, <mask> founded Epstein and Sons and then enlarged the furniture business by taking over adjacent shops at 62/72 Walton Road to sell a range of other goods, such as musical instruments and household appliances. They called the expanding business NEMS (North End Music Stores), which offered lenient credit terms, and from which Paul McCartney's father once bought a piano. <mask>'s mother Malka (nicknamed "Queenie" by her family, as Malka means "queen" in Hebrew) was also involved in the Hyman furniture business, which also owned the Sheffield Veneering Company.In 2003, the family home on Anfield Road was converted into a Beatles-themed hotel called Epstein House. Early life
<mask> was born on 19 September 1934 in Rodney Street, Liverpool. Harry and Queenie also had another son named Clive, who was born 22 months after his older brother. During World War II the <mask>s moved to Southport, where two schools expelled <mask> for laziness and poor performance, but returned to Liverpool in 1945. The <mask>s lived at 197 Queens Drive, Childwall in Liverpool, and remained there for the next 30 years. <mask>'s parents moved him from one boarding school to another, including Clayesmore School in Dorset. He spent two years at Wrekin College in Wellington, Shropshire, where he was taught the violin.Shortly before his 16th birthday he sent a long letter to his father explaining that he wanted to become a dress designer, but <mask> was adamantly opposed, and after serving a six months' apprenticeship at another company his son finally had to "report for duty" at the family's furniture shop on a £5 per week wage. In December 1952, <mask> was conscripted to do his national service as a data entry clerk into the Royal Army Service Corps, and was posted to the Albany Street Barracks near Regent's Park in London, where he was often reprimanded for not picking up his army pay. After returning to Liverpool, he was put in charge of the Clarendon Furnishing shop in Hoylake and was made a director of NEMS in 1955. In September 1956, he took a trip to London to meet a friend but after being there for only one day, was robbed of his passport, birth certificate, chequebook, wristwatch, and all the money he had in his possession. He did not want his parents to find out, so he worked as a department store clerk until he had earned enough money to buy a train ticket back to Liverpool. Back in Liverpool, he confessed his homosexuality to a psychiatrist—a friend of the <mask> family—who suggested to <mask> that his son should leave Liverpool as soon as possible. During the sessions, <mask> revealed his ambition of becoming an actor, so his parents allowed him to go to London to study.Epstein attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. His RADA classmates included actors Susannah York, Albert Finney, and Peter O'Toole, but <mask>", or a "straight drama" by John Osborne. Back in Liverpool, his father put his son in charge of the record department of the family's newly opened NEMS music store on Great Charlotte Street. <mask> worked "day and night" at the store to make it a success, and it became one of the biggest musical retail outlets in Northern England. The <mask>s opened a second store at 12–14 Whitechapel, and <mask> was put in charge of the entire operation.He often walked across the road to the Lewis's department store (which also had a music section) where Peter Brown was employed. He watched Brown's sales technique and was impressed enough to lure him to work for NEMS with the offer of a higher salary and a commission on sales. The Beatles

<mask> first noticed the Beatles in issues of Mersey Beat and on numerous posters around Liverpool created by his commercial artist associate Tony Booth, before he asked Mersey Beat editor Bill Harry who they were. Harry had previously convinced <mask> to sell the magazine at NEMS, with the Beatles featured on the front page of its second issue. The Beatles had recorded the "My Bonnie" single with Tony Sheridan in Germany, and some months after its release <mask> asked his personal assistant Alistair Taylor about it in NEMS. <mask>'s version of the story was that customer Raymond Jones walked into the NEMS shop and asked him for the "My Bonnie" single, which made <mask> curious about the group. Taylor later claimed that he had used the name of Jones (a regular customer) to order the single and paid the deposit, knowing that <mask> would notice it and order further copies.Harry and McCartney later repudiated <mask>'s story, as Harry had been talking to <mask> for a long time about the Beatles—the group that he promoted the most in Mersey Beat—with McCartney saying, "<mask> knew perfectly well who the Beatles were; they were on the front page of the second issue of Mersey Beat". On 3 August 1961, <mask> started a regular music column in the Mersey Beat called "Stop the World—And Listen To Everything in It: <mask> of NEMS". The Beatles were due to perform a lunchtime concert at The Cavern Club on 9 November 1961. According to club owner Sytner, <mask> had visited the club quite a few times previously on Saturday nights, once asking Sytner to book a group for his twenty-first birthday party. <mask> asked Harry to arrange for <mask> and his assistant Taylor to watch the Beatles perform. The club allowed <mask> and Taylor to enter without queuing. They bypassed the line of fans at the door and heard Bob Wooler, the resident disc jockey, announce a welcome message over the club's public address system: "We have someone rather famous in the audience today.Mr <mask>, the owner of NEMS ..." <mask> later talked about the performance: "I was immediately struck by their music, their beat and their sense of humour on stage—and, even afterwards, when I met them, I was struck again by their personal charm. And it was there that, really, it all started". After the performance, <mask> and Taylor went into the dressing room (which he later described as being "as big as a broom cupboard") to talk to the group. The Beatles, all regular NEMS customers, immediately recognised <mask>, but before he could congratulate them on their performance George Harrison said, "And what brings Mr <mask> here?" <mask> replied with, "We just popped in to say hello. I enjoyed your performance." He introduced Taylor, who merely nodded a greeting, said, "Well done, then, goodbye" and left.<mask> and Taylor went to Peacock's restaurant in Hackins Hey for lunch, and during the meal <mask> asked Taylor what he thought about the group. Taylor replied that he honestly thought they were "absolutely awful", but there was something "remarkable" about them. <mask> sat there smiling for a long time before exclaiming, "I think they're tremendous!" Later, when <mask> was paying the bill, he grabbed Taylor's arm and said, "Do you think I should manage them?" The Beatles played at The Cavern Club over the next three weeks, and <mask> was always there to watch them. He contacted Allan Williams (their previous promoter/manager) to confirm that Williams no longer had any ties to the group, but Williams advised Epstein "not to touch them with a fucking barge pole" because of a Hamburg concert percentage that the group had refused to pay. Management contract
In an afternoon meeting with the group at NEMS on 3 December 1961, <mask> proposed the idea of managing the Beatles.John Lennon, George Harrison, and Pete Best arrived late for the meeting, as they had been drinking at The Grapes pub in Mathew Street. McCartney also did not arrive on time because he had just got up and was "taking a bath", as Harrison explained. <mask> was upset, but Harrison placated him by saying, "He may be late, but he'll be very clean." Lennon had invited Wooler to be at the meeting so that he could give his opinion of <mask>, but he introduced Wooler by saying, "This is me dad." <mask> was reticent throughout the short meeting, only asking if they had a manager. After learning that they had not, he said, "It seems to me that with everything going on, someone ought to be looking after you." He had further meetings with the group on 6 and 10 December 1961.McCartney, Harrison, and Best were under 21 and therefore needed the consent of their parents to enter into a contract. Best and his mother—Mona Best, owner of the Casbah Coffee Club—were impressed with <mask>'s professional image as were the other Beatles, because he was a businessman, wore expensive suits, and owned a large car. Best's mother said that <mask> "could be good for them [the Beatles]". McCartney's father was sceptical about a Jewish manager and warned his son to be careful about finances. Lennon's aunt and guardian, Mimi Smith, was against the idea, believing that <mask> would lose interest when something attracted his attention, but Lennon, who had just turned 21, ignored his aunt's advice. The Beatles signed a five-year contract with <mask> on 24 January 1962 giving Epstein 10 to 15 per cent of their income. They signed a new contract in October 1962 which gave Epstein 15, 20, or 25 per cent of revenues, depending on how much he helped the band earn.The Beatles would then share any income after various expenses had been deducted. <mask> then formed a management company, NEMS Enterprises, telling his parents that managing the group was only a part-time occupation and would not interfere with the family business. The Beatles signed <mask>'s first management contract, but <mask> did not. He later told Taylor, "Well, if they ever want to tear it up, they can hold me but I can't hold them". (Note: English law would have enforced the contract through the doctrine of part performance.) The contract stated that <mask> would receive a management commission of 25 per cent of the group's gross income after a certain financial threshold had been reached. The Beatles argued for a smaller percentage, but <mask> pointed out that he had been paying their expenses for months without receiving anything in return.On 1 October 1962, four days before the release of "Love Me Do", <mask> signed Lennon and McCartney to a three-year NEMS publishing contract. In 1963, <mask> advised the creation of Northern Songs, a publishing company that would control the copyrights of all Lennon–McCartney compositions recorded between 1963 and 1973. Music publisher Dick James and his partner Charles Silver owned 51 per cent of the company, Lennon and McCartney 20 per cent each, and <mask> 9 per cent. By 1969, Lennon and McCartney had lost control of all publishing rights to ATV Music Publishing. <mask>'s death in 1967 marked the beginning of the group's dissolution and had a profound effect on each Beatle. The Beatles' appearance on stage

Epstein had no prior experience of artist management, yet he had a strong influence on the band's early dress code and stage demeanour. They had previously worn blue jeans and leather jackets, and they would stop and start songs when they felt like it or when an audience member requested a certain song.David Pomerran Szatmary states that when <mask> first saw them at the Cavern Club he thought, "They were a scruffy crowd in leather, and they were not very tidy and not very clean. They smoked as they played and they ate and talked and pretended to hit each other." <mask> encouraged them to wear suits and ties, insisted that they stop swearing, smoking, drinking, or eating on stage, and also suggested the famous synchronised bow at the end of their performances. McCartney was the first to agree with <mask>'s suggestions, believing that they reflected <mask>'s RADA training. <mask> explained that the process from leather jackets and jeans to suits took some time: "I encouraged them, at first, to get out of the leather jackets and jeans, and I wouldn't allow them to appear in jeans after a short time, and then, after that step, I got them to wear sweaters on stage, and then, very reluctantly, eventually, suits." <mask> took the group to Wirral to see his friend, master tailor Beno Dorn, who made them their first suits based on a design they had previously seen, but which <mask> approved of: "I thought it was an excellent design at the time." Lennon resisted wearing suits and ties, but later said, "I'll wear a suit; I'll wear a bloody balloon if somebody's going to pay me."<mask> began seeking publicity by "charming and smarming ... the newspaper people", as Lennon said in 1972. According to McCartney, "The gigs went up in stature and though the pay went up only a little bit, it did go up"; they were "now playing better places". The group was now far more organised, having one single diary in which to record bookings, rather than using whoever's diary was at hand. The group usually called <mask> "Mr. <mask>" or "<mask>" in interviews, but in private the group abbreviated his name to "Eppy" or "Bri". Record contract

<mask> made numerous trips to London to visit record companies in the hope of securing a record contract, but many

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