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<mask> (13 October 1862 – 3 June 1900) was an English ethnographer, scientific writer, and explorer whose travels throughout West Africa and resulting work helped shape European perceptions of both African cultures and British colonialism in Africa. Early life
<mask> was born in London on 13 October 1862, the daughter and oldest child of physician, traveller and writer <mask> and <mask>. She came from a family of writers, as she was also the niece of novelists <mask> and <mask>. The family moved to Highgate less than a year after her birth, the same home where her brother Charles George R. ("Charley") <mask> was born in 1866, and by 1881 were living in Southwood House, Bexley in Kent. Her father was a physician and worked for George Herbert, 13th Earl of Pembroke, and other aristocrats and was frequently away from home on his excursions. During these voyages he collected information for his studies. Dr. <mask> accompanied Lord Dunraven on a trip to North America in 1870–1875.During this trip, Dr<mask> was invited to accompany George Armstrong Custer's U.S. Army expedition against the Sioux Indians. The reported massacre of Custer's force terrified the <mask> family, but they were relieved to learn that bad weather had kept Dr. <mask> from joining Custer. It is possible that her father's views on the treatment faced by Native Americans during the helped shape <mask>'s later opinions on British colonialism in West Africa. In terms of <mask>'s education, she had little formal schooling compared to her brother, other than German lessons at a young age; because, at that time, and at her level of society, education was not thought to be necessary for a girl. She did, however, have access to her father's large library and loved to hear her father's stories of foreign countries. She did not enjoy novels that were deemed more appropriate for young ladies of the time, such as those by Jane Austen or Charlotte Brontë, but preferred books on the sciences and memoirs of explorers. In 1886, her brother Charley entered Christ's College, Cambridge, to read law; this allowed <mask> to make several academic connections and a few friends.With respect to religion, there is little indication that <mask> was raised Christian; instead, she was a self-proclaimed believer with, "summed up in her own words [...] 'an utter faith in God'" and even identified strongly with what was described as 'the African religion'. She is known for criticizing Christian missionaries and their work for supplanting pre-existing African cultures without proving any real benefits in return. The 1891 England census finds <mask>'s mother and her two children living at 7 Mortimer Road, Cambridge, where Charles is recorded as a BA Student at Law and <mask> as a Student of Medicine. In her later years, <mask>'s mother became ill, and she was expected to care for her well-being. Unable to leave her mother's side, she was limited in her travel opportunities. Soon, her father was also bedridden with rheumatic fever following an excursion. Dr. <mask> died in February 1892, and Mrs. <mask> followed a few months later in April of the same year."Freed" from her family responsibilities and with an inheritance of £8,600 to be split evenly with her brother, <mask> was now able to travel as she had always dreamed. <mask> decided to visit Africa, some say to finish collecting material for a book that her father had started on African culture. Adventures to Africa

After a preliminary visit to the Canary Islands, <mask> decided to travel to the west coast of Africa. Generally, the only non-African women who embarked on (often dangerous) journeys to Africa were the wives of missionaries, government officials, or explorers. Exploration and adventure had not been seen as fitting roles for English women, though this was changing under the influence of figures such as Isabella Bird and Marianne North. African women were surprised that a woman of <mask>'s age was travelling without a man, as she was frequently asked why her husband was not accompanying her. <mask> landed in Sierra Leone on 17 August 1893 and from there travelled further to Luanda in Angola.She lived with local people, who taught her necessary surviving-skills for living in the wilderness, and gave her advice. She often went into dangerous areas alone. Her training as a nurse at the :de:Kaiserswerther Diakonie had prepared her for slight injuries and jungle maladies that she would later encounter. <mask> returned to England in December 1893. Upon her return, <mask> secured support and aid from Dr. Albert Günther, a prominent zoologist at the British Museum, as well as a writing agreement with publisher George Macmillan, for she wished to publish her travel accounts. She returned to Africa yet again on 23 December 1894 with more support and supplies from England, as well as increased self-assurance in her work. She longed to study "cannibal" people and their traditional religious practices, commonly referred to as "fetish" during the Victorian Era.In April, she became acquainted with Scottish missionary <mask>, another European woman living among native African populations with little company and no husband. It was during her meeting with Slessor that <mask> first became aware of the custom of twin killing, a custom which Slessor was determined to stop. The native people believed that one of the twins was the offspring of the devil who had secretly mated with the mother and since the innocent child was impossible to distinguish, both were killed and the mother was often killed as well for attracting the devil to impregnate her. <mask> arrived at Slessor's residence shortly after she had taken in a recent mother of twins and her surviving child. Later in Gabon, <mask> canoed up the Ogooué River, where she collected specimens of fish previously unknown to western science, three of which were later named after her. After meeting the Fang people and travelling through uncharted Fang territory, she daringly climbed the  Mount Cameroon by a route not previously attempted by any other European. She moored her boat at Donguila.Return to England
When she returned home in November 1895, <mask> was greeted by journalists eager to interview her. The reports that were drummed up about her voyage, however, were most upsetting, as the papers portrayed her as a "New Woman", an image which she did not embrace. <mask> distanced herself from any feminist movement claims, arguing that women's suffrage was "a minor question; while there was a most vital section of men disenfranchised women could wait". Her consistent lack of identification with women's rights movements may be attributed to a number of causes, such as the attempt to ensure that her work would be received more favorably; in fact, some insist this might be a direct reference to her belief in the importance of securing rights for British traders in West Africa. Over the next three years, she toured England, giving lectures about life in Africa to a wide array of audiences. She was the first woman to address the Liverpool and Manchester chambers of commerce. <mask> upset the Church of England when she criticised missionaries for attempting to convert the people of Africa and corrupt their religions.In this regard, she discussed many aspects of African life that were shocking to English people, including polygamy, which, she argued was practiced out of necessity. After living with the African people, <mask> became directly aware how their societies functioned and how prohibiting customs such as polygamy would be detrimental to their way of life. She knew that the typical African wives had too many tasks to manage alone. Missionaries in Africa often required converted men to abandon all but one of their wives, leaving the other women and children without the support of a husband – thus creating immense social and economic problems. <mask>'s beliefs about cultural and economic imperialism are complex and widely debated by scholars today. Though, on the one hand, she regarded African people and cultures as those who needed protection and preservation, she also believed in the necessity of British economic and technological influence and in indirect rule, insisting that there was some work in West Africa that had to be completed by white men. Yet in Studies in West Africa she writes: "Although a Darwinian to the core, I doubt if evolution in a neat and tidy perpendicular line, with Fetish at the bottom and Christianity at the top, represents the true state of affairs."Other, more acceptable, beliefs were variously perceived and used in Western European society – by traders, imperialists, women's rights activists and others – and, articulated as they were in great style, helped shape popular perception of "the African" and "his" land. Writings

<mask> wrote two books about her experiences: Travels in West Africa (1897), which was an immediate best-seller, and West African Studies (1899), both of which gained her respect and prestige within the scholarly community. Some newspapers, however, such as the Times under pro-imperialist editor Flora Shaw, refused to publish reviews of her works. Though some have argued that such refusals were grounded in the anti-imperialist and pro-African arguments presented in <mask>'s works, this is unlikely to explain her sometimes unfavorable reception, because she was both a supporter of the activities of European traders in West Africa and the concept of indirect colonial rule. The notable success of Travels in West Africa was due in no small part to the vigour and droll humour of writing, that, in the guise of a ripping yarn, never wavers from its true purpose – to complete the work her father had left undone. Between poles of manifest wit and latent analysis <mask> constructs in images –  "… not an artist's picture, but a photograph, an overladen with detail, colourless version" – a discourse of poetic thought; a phenomenon oft-noted in the texts of Walter Benjamin. Of her method she said: "It is merely that I have the power of bringing out in my fellow-creatures, white or black, their virtues, in a way honourable to them and fortunate for me."Of her purpose she said: "[M]y motive for going to West Africa was study; this study was that of native ideas and practices in religion and law. My reason for taking up this study was a desire to complete a great book my father, <mask>, had left at his death unfinished." Of her father she said: "The work that he did seemed to promise a career of great brilliancy and distinction – a promise which, unfortunately, was never entirely fulfilled." In truth <mask> produced but a few scattered fragments, not a scrap of which found its way into the great book of <mask>. It is, rather, in the text of his daughter – a forerunner of Lévi-Strauss and his Tristes Tropiques – that the dream wish of the father is finally accomplished; and family honour sustained. Death

After the outbreak of the Second Boer War, <mask> travelled to Cape Town on the SS Moor in March 1900, and volunteered as a nurse. She was stationed at Simon's Town hospital, where she treated Boer prisoners of war.After contributing her services to the ill for about two months, she developed symptoms of typhoid and died on 3 June 1900. An eyewitness reported: "She rallied for a short time but realised she was going. She asked to be left to die alone, saying she did not wish anyone to see her in her weakness. Animals she said, went away to die alone." In accordance with her wishes, she was buried at sea. "This was, I believe, the only favour and distinction that she ever asked for herself; and it was accorded with every circumstance and honour ... A party of West Yorkshires, with band before them, drew the coffin from the hospital on a gun carriage to the pier … Torpedo Boat No. 29 put to sea and, rounding Cape Point, committed her to the element in which she had chosen to be laid.""A touch of comedy, which would 'have amused' <mask> herself, was added when the coffin refused to sink and had to be hauled back on board then thrown over again weighed down this time with an anchor." Legacy
<mask>'s tales and opinions of life in Africa helped draw attention to British imperial agendas abroad and the native customs of African people that were previously little discussed and misunderstood by people in Europe. The Fair Commerce Party formed soon after her death, pressuring for improved conditions for the natives of British colonies. Various reform associations were formed in her honour and helped facilitate governmental change. The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine founded an honorary medal in her name. In Sierra Leone, the <mask> Auditorium at the Institute of African Studies, Fourah Bay College (University of Sierra Leone), was named after her. Published works

 with an Introduction by Anthony Brandt

Gallery

See also
 List of female adventurers

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

  (A fictional account involving <mask>).A study of 18th Century Natural History - includes Charles Waterton, John Hanning Speke, Henry Seebohm and <mask>. Contains colour and black and white reproductions. (The opening short story, Fish, is a fictional account of <mask>'s life)

  (An interesting look at women, race, and civilization, though not directly related to <mask>). External links

 Biography of <mask> <mask> at the New World Encyclopedia. The Royal African Society has a short biography that includes a bibliography. <mask><mask>, 1862-1900 at the Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University

 Mary Henrietta Kingsley Papers (MS 1485). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.1862 births
1900 deaths
19th-century English women writers
19th-century British writers
Burials at sea
Deaths from typhoid fever
English explorers
Nurses from London
English travel writers
English women writers
Explorers of Africa
Female explorers
Female wartime nurses
People from Islington (district)
Women of the Victorian era
British women travel writers

masks:
Mary Henrietta Kingsley
Kingsley
George Kingsley
Mary Bailey
Charles Kingsley
Henry Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
. Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Mary
Kingsley
Mary
Kingsley
Mary
Mary
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Mary
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Mary Slessor
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
George Kingsley
George Kingsley
Mary Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Kingsley
Mary Kingsley
Mary Kingsley
Mary Kingsley
Kingsley
Mary Kingsley
Mary Henrietta
Kingsley
Mary H
. Kingsley


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<mask> (14 December 1939 – 28 October 2019) was a German philosopher. After the expulsion of his family in 1946 out of Hirschberg (now Jelenia Góra, Poland) <mask> grew up in Hameln/Weser (Germany). Biography
<mask> studied at the University of Münster and the University of Pavia, promoted by the “Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes” (German National Merit Foundation). He graduated from his studies in English and Romance Languages and Literature in 1959. From 1962–1965 <mask> continued his studies in Giessen (Germany). He studied there under his most influential professors: Professor of Romance Languages and Literature, Hans Robert Jauss, and Professor of Philosophy, Blumenberg. Due to the conflict between Jauss, a former SS-Man, and Blumenberg, who was a victim of persecution by the Nazi Regime, Fellmann sought out to find his own way of thinking.In 1967 <mask> completed his doctorate in Bochum  and in 1973 he finished his postdoctoral lecture qualification (“Habilitation”) in Münster. A representation of his relation to Blumenberg can be found in the Journal Information Philosophie (2008, Issue 3, 49-54). <mask> was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the University of Münster in 1980. In 1985, he occupied the position of Guest Professor in Naples (Italy) and translated texts of Giordano Bruno, Giambattista Vico, and Benedetto Croce. Later he moved away from historicism and towards systematic themes. In opposition to the dominance of analytic philosophy at the German universities, <mask> remained devoted to continental (“alteuropäisch”, old European) philosophical tradition. In 1994 he was appointed “Gründungsprofessor” of philosophy at Chemnitz University of Technology, where he worked on synthesizing idealistic and materialistic forms of thought.His concept of philosophy as practical orientation appears in his book entitled Orientierung Philosophie: was sie kann, was sie will [Orientation Philosophy: What It Can Do, What It is Striving to Achieve], first published in 1998. Several of <mask>'s colleagues opposed the book, calling it destructive to academic tradition. After being emeritus professor in 2005, <mask> served as a Visiting Professor in Vienna (Austria) and Trento (Italy). He spent the latter years of his life mainly in Münster. As unconventional thinker, he does not belong to any particular philosophical community. In his homepage he ironically referred to himself as the  Accademico di nulla accademia, “Academic of no Academy”. Academic work
Fellmann's thought developed from the Philosophy of History to Philosophical Anthropology.Man is always in the focus of his interest, but the perspective is always changing from upside down from the idea of history to bottom up from the human world of life. There are four distinguished phases:

1. Philosophy of history

<mask>'s entrance into academic discussion followed from the publication of his book, Das Vico-Axiom: Der Mensch macht die Geschichte [The Vico-Axiom: The man makes the history] (1976). Contrary to the influential, idealistic conception of history presented in Hegel's philosophy of spirit, <mask> interprets Giambattista Vico's The New Science in light of cultural anthropology. Thus, man is the only originator of history, however, he cannot govern the course of history with will or consciousness. <mask>'s conception of history was strongly attacked by the Idealists as well as by the Materialists. For the Idealists, his conception of history was too naturalistic, and the Marxists accused his work of being a “spätbürgerlicher” revisionism.Currently, Fellmann interprets philosophy of history formally as the theory of historical consciousness. 2. Phenomenology and hermeneutics

In the 1980s Fellmann shifted his focus to the phenomenological account of the theory of consciousness. In Phänomenologie als ästhetische Theorie (1989) he interprets Husserl's teachings of phenomenological ideation (“Wesensschau”) with the example of the photographic snapshot as a case of aesthetic perception of the general in the particular. A further development of Phenomenology as a general media theory by <mask> is presented in his book Phänomenologie zur Einführung (3. edition 2015). In his theory of mental imagery (“Bildbewusstsein”), <mask> turns against the popular dogma of the exclusively linguistic construction of the world. In many essays, he works out the logic of the image as an autonomous, symbolic form, located between sign and language.He explains the primate of image consciousness in his book, Symbolischer Pragmatismus: Hermeneutik nach Dilthey (1991), as an “imagic turn” (different from the current “pictorial turn”) — indicating by this term that images possess a magical dimension that cannot be completely resolved in intentionality. In a recent article Hermes und <mask> shows how the mythical background still is present in modern hermeneutic philosophy. 3.Philosophy of life, art of living

Insight into the limitations of  the epistemological theory of consciousness led <mask> after 1990 to a turning point in his thinking towards a modern philosophy of life. In his book Lebensphilosophie. Elemente einer Theorie der Selbsterfahrung (1993) it is clearly recognizable that he does not believe that the destruction of reason forms the core of “Lebensphilosophie”. Rather, he sees that man as a rational being will always have to deal with uncontrollable desires and emotions that frustrate reasonable intentions. These emotions cannot and should not be transformed into reasons, because they offer humans stability and support in behaviour.This approach to Philosophy of life led <mask> to an ethic with strong utilitarian and hedonistic traits. In Die Angst des Ethiklehrers vor der Klasse. Ist Moral lehrbar? (2000) and in Philosophie der Lebenskunst zur Einführung (2009), he makes clear that  practical ethics can only be developed on the foundation of a realistic idea of human life. <mask> has recently translated a key text of Confuzius into German to underpin his view of life through an intercultural perspective. 4. Philosophical anthropology

<mask>'s philosophical anthropology has found its provisionally definite expression in a widely discussed book Das Paar.Eine erotische Rechtfertigung des Menschen [The Couple: An erotic Justification of Man] (2005). In analogy to the Pauline doctrine of justification (justificatio sola fide), <mask> interprets justification as an emotional bonding with a loved one that cannot be replaced by rational reasons. In this respect <mask>'s concept of emotional justification opposes the epistemic conception of justification and truth held by Jürgen Habermas. In Fellmann's view epistemic justification of single actions is not sufficient to support man as a being in constant need of  justification of his contingent existence. He reconstructs erotic love in terms of genetic phenomenology being the source of self-consciousness, a position that he recently sought out to underpin through socio biology. In his later essays, <mask> with Eros. This neologism has been received positively by a broader public. <mask>'s philosophical position is outstanding in German academic tradition by his attempt to transform the fundamental questions of metaphysics and ontology into anthropological descriptions and practical devices. His work shows a sound historical knowledge reformulated in the scope of a realistic reconstruction of the human world of life including the various forms of symbolic representation. Thus, he avoids a naturalistic reduction balancing out transcendental idealism and pragmatic realism. The philosopher to whom <mask> refers in most of his texts is Schopenhauer, the father of modern Philosophy of Life, regarding the world as Will and Representation. Publications
Der Erosoph.Eine philosophische Autobiographie, Würzburg 2019
The Couple. Intimate Relations in a New Key. Series: Development in Humanities, Wien 2016
Philosophie der Lebenskunst zur Einführung, Hamburg 2009
Der Liebes-Code. Schlüssel zur Polarität der Geschlechter, Berlin 2007
Phänomenologie zur Einführung, Hamburg 2005, 3. ed. 2015
Das Paar. Eine erotische Rechtfertigung des Menschen, Berlin 2005; 2. ed. Freiburg/München 2014
Die Angst des Ethiklehrers vor der Klasse.Ist Moral lehrbar?, Stuttgart 2000
Orientierung Philosophie. Was sie kann, was sie will, 2. edition, Reinbek b. Hamburg 2000
Geschichte der Philosophie im 19. Jahrhundert, Reinbek b. Hamburg 1996
Lebensphilosophie. Elemente einer Theorie der Selbsterfahrung, Reinbek b. Hamburg 1993. Symbolischer Pragmatismus. Hermeneutik nach Dilthey, Reinbek b. Hamburg 1991
Phänomenologie als ästhetische Theorie, Freiburg/München 1989
Gelebte Philosophie in Deutschland. Denkformen der Lebensweltphänomenologie und der kritischen Theorie, Freiburg/ München 1983
Phänomenologie und Expressionismus, Freiburg/München 1982
Das Vico-Axiom: Der Mensch macht die Geschichte, Freiburg/München 1976
Scholastik und kosmologische Reform, Münster 1971, 2. ed.1988

English Articles
 <mask>, <mask>. 2018. "Well-Being East and West." Open Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 84-93. <mask>, <mask>, and Esther Redolfi. 2017. "Aspects of Sex differences: Social Intelligence vs. Creative Intelligence."Advances in Anthropology,7 (4), 298-317. <mask>, <mask>. 2017. "From Social Psychology to Cultural Psychology: The Redemption of Personality." Psychology,8 (10), 1586-1600. <mask>, <mask>. 2017."Memory and the Timeless Time of Eros." Psychology,8 (7), 963-977. <mask>, <mask>, and Rebecca Walsh. 2016. "From Sexuality to Eroticism: The Making of the Human Mind." Advances in Anthropology,6 (1), 11-24. <mask>, <mask>, and Rebecca Walsh.2013. "Emotional Selection and Human Personality." Biological Theory,8 (1), 64–73. <mask>, <mask>. 2010. "The Origin of Man Behind the Veil of Ignorance: A Psychobiological Approach." Biological Theory,5 (3), 240-245.References

External links
 http://www-user.tu-chemnitz.de/~ferdi/

1939 births
Living people
German philosophers
People from Jelenia Góra
German male writers
People from the Province of Silesia
Chemnitz University of Technology faculty

masks:
Ferdinand Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Pandora Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmanngos
Fellmann
Fellmann
Fellmann
Ferdinand
Fellmann
Ferdinand
Fellmann
Ferdinand
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Ferdinand
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Ferdinand
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Ferdinand


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<mask>r (born 7 January 1979) is an Indian actress and model. Primarily known for her work in Hindi films, she has also appeared in Tamil, Telugu, Bengali and English films. <mask> is the recipient of numerous accolades, including one Filmfare Award. Particularly known for her work in the thriller and horror film genres, she is frequently cited in the media as a sex symbol. Born in Delhi and raised in Kolkata, <mask> won the Godrej Cinthol Supermodel contest in 1996, and later pursued a successful career as a fashion model. She then began receiving offers for film roles, and made her acting debut with a negative role in the moderately successful thriller Ajnabee (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. <mask>'s first leading role was in the blockbuster horror film Raaz (2002), which earned her a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.She subsequently received worldwide critical recognition and several awards for her portrayals of a seductress in the 2003 erotic thriller Jism and the 2006 drama Corporate. <mask> achieved further success with starring roles in six of India's annually top-grossing productions—the comedies No Entry (2005), Phir Hera Pheri (2006), and All the Best: Fun Begins (2009), the action adventure Dhoom 2 (2006), the action thriller Race (2008) and the horror thriller Raaz 3D (2012). She also received praise for her performances in the romantic comedy Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008), and the horror films Aatma (2013), Creature 3D (2014) and Alone (2015). Her other notable work includes item numbers in several films. In addition to acting in films, <mask> is a fitness enthusiast and has featured in several fitness videos. Following a high-profile relationship with actor John Abraham, <mask> married actor Karan Singh Grover in 2016. Early life and modelling career
<mask> <mask> was born on 7 January 1979 to a Bengali family in Delhi.Her father, Hirak, is a civil engineer, and her mother, Mamta, is a homemaker. She has one elder sister, Bidisha, and one younger sister, Vijayeta. According to <mask>, her name means "dark deep desire", and is also a river's name. In Delhi, <mask> lived at Pamposh Enclave, Nehru Place, till the age of eight and studied at Apeejay High School. Her family then shifted to Kolkata, where she attended Bhavan's Gangabux Kanoria Vidyamandir, located in Bidhannagar. In her school, <mask> was appointed as the head girl and was fondly called 'Lady Goonda' due to her short and commanding personality. She remarked "As a child, I was a tomboy and I was pampered a lot, due to which I became very naughty.I used to keep a stick in my hand and straighten out all the colony boys if they acted smart. I used to be very short as a child and I was the monitor in school. When the tall boys would be up to mischief, I'd jump on their back during breaks and pull their hair and beat them up". <mask> was enrolled in medical science studies until twelfth standard, but switched to commerce thereafter. In 1996, <mask> was spotted at a hotel in Kolkata by the model Mehr Jesia Rampal, who suggested she take up modelling. That year, she participated in and eventually won the Godrej Cinthol Supermodel Contest (organised by Ford), thereby representing India at Ford Models Supermodel of the World contest in Miami. She later appeared in the Calida commercial with her then-boyfriend Dino Morea, which was controversial for picturing them sultrily; she had some protesters outside her house after that.With appearance on several magazine covers, <mask> continued to pursue a career in fashion modeling during her late teens, until she became an actress. Acting career

Debut: 2001–02

One of the judges of the Godrej Cinthol Supermodel Contest in which <mask> participated, Vinod Khanna, wanted to launch her alongside his son Akshaye Khanna in Himalay Putra, but she felt she was too young and declined the role, which eventually went to Anjala Zaveri. After returning home, she was convinced by Jaya Bachchan to star opposite her son Abhishek Bachchan in J. P. Dutta's Aakhari Mughal. However, the film was cancelled, and Dutta instead changed the script and made Refugee with Kareena Kapoor. <mask> was also offered a role in Refugee opposite Sunil Shetty, which she declined. In 2001, <mask> finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee. The film, directed by Abbas-Mustan, was inspired by the American film Consenting Adults.It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics. However, <mask>'s performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. In 2002, <mask> starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz. Directed by Vikram Bhatt, it established <mask> in the Hindi film industry. Her portrayal of a woman who is pursued by a spirit received positive reviews. One review in The Tribune noted, "... it is <mask> <mask> who steals the show with her fine performance." She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raaz.She was appreciated in a supporting role in Sanjay Gadhvi's Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai, a moderate critical and commercial success. However, in David Dhawan's Chor Machaaye Shor, was her first commercial failure. She appeared in a supporting role opposite Mahesh Babu and Lisa Ray in the Telugu film, Takkari Donga. Gunaah, which released later that year, was also a box-office failure. She played the role of a cop who loves a convict and tries to reform him. Derek Elley of Variety observed that <mask> was a miscast as the "idealistic cop". 2003–05
In 2003, <mask> starred in Pooja Bhatt's erotic thriller film, Jism alongside John Abraham, which was well received by critics and fared well at the box office.She played the role of seductive, ambitious wife of a millionaire who indulges in an extramarital affair with an alcoholic lawyer and plots to kill her husband. The film ranked 92 in the top 100 sexiest movie scenes poll conducted by Channel 4. Film critic Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama commented, "... the real show stealer is <mask> <mask>; her sexy look and seductive deep voice, in contrast with her cold and calculating personality, makes her the most impressive femme fatale since Zeenat Aman and Parveen Babi." She received a Filmfare Best Villain Award nomination for Jism. Her next release, Zameen, failed to make impact among audiences. Basu had four releases in 2004, all of which performed moderately and drew mixed reviews. She collaborated for the second time with Vikram Bhatt in her first release Aetbaar.She played the role of a young woman who falls in love with a psychopath. Rediff.com noted that "... The characters are not convincing, the plot is not fast-paced or interesting." Her next film was Mani Shankar's Rudraksh, based on the Indian epic Ramayana. The film was a disaster at the box office and was panned by the critics. She then starred in Rakht as a tarot card reader trying to solve a murder mystery. Critic Shruti Bhasin of Planetbollywood wrote, "<mask> <mask> impresses in a different look and role."Her final release that year was Anil Sharma's Madhoshi opposite John Abraham. Her performance of a mentally unstable woman was generally well received. In 2005, she appeared in the love triangle Barsaat alongside Bobby Deol and Priyanka Chopra. Taran Adarsh commented, "As an actor, she [<mask> <mask>] does show sparks only towards the end." She starred in the Tamil film, Sachein, which was a hit and then in Prakash Jha's Apaharan, which won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay. In this period, she refused to act in art films due to salary problems. Besides acting, <mask> did the video "Tu" for Sonu Nigam's album, Kismat.She made a guest appearance in Jay Sean's music video "Stolen". 2005–09
<mask> established herself as an actress with the success of No Entry, Corporate and Dhoom 2. No Entry grossed 750 million at the box office and was the highest-grossing film of 2005. <mask> played the role of a bargirl who acts as wife of two men. She earned a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination for the film. 2006 saw her star in four major releases — Phir Hera Pheri, Corporate, Omkara and Dhoom 2 — performing well critically and commercially. Phir Hera Pheri became the ninth highest-grossing film of the year.She was featured opposite Akshay Kumar in a significant role of a con woman who steals 10 million from the protagonists. In Madhur Bhandarkar's Corporate, she gave up her glamorous look for the role of a businesswoman who has no qualms in taking advantage of her sexuality to con the CEO of a rival company. She won accolades from critics for her performance. Critic Aparna wrote, "[...] she has done a fabulous job as an ambitious woman. The kind of shrewdness in a woman that she plays has never been seen before in India films." She was nominated for the second time for Filmfare Best Actress Award. In Vishal Bharadwaj's adaptation of Othello, Omkara, <mask> played the role of Bianca and was a cameo.She caught the attention of public with her dance

masks:
Bipasha Basu Singh Grove
Basu
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 number "Beedi", which was highly popular in India and overseas. Critic Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN wrote, "... <mask> <mask> is brought in to lend oomph and she succeeds in doing just that." <mask> became the talk of the town for donning a bikini in Aditya Chopra's Dhoom 2. She reportedly ate only oranges for three days and trained hard to shoot the scene. Nikhat Kazmi of The Times of India commented, "Aah Bipasha! Looks great, brings back the bikini to Bollywood, and gently slips into the shadows as a pretty accessory." In 2007, Ronnie Screwvala's Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal performed below average at the box-office.The song picturised on John Abraham and <mask>, "Billo Rani", became quite popular and earned her the nickname "Billo Rani", though equal credit must be given to Omkara in which her name was Billo Chamanbahar. In 2008, she teamed up once again with Abbas-Mustan for Race. She played the role of Sonia who is stuck in a love-triangle between two brothers (played by Saif Ali Khan and Akshaye Khanna) and, through the course, she murders one of them. The film grossed 680 million at the box office and was the fourth-biggest hit that year in India; it performed good enough overseas as well. Her performance was appreciated by critics with Taran Adarsh citing it as "her best work so far. She's superb." <mask>'s work in Siddharth Anand's Bachna Ae Haseeno as a successful supermodel who finds it hard to forgive her ex-lover for betraying her earned her a second nomination for Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award and the film was a commercial success with it becoming a "Hit".She completed 2008 by appearing during the song "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte" in Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi. Her first release in 2009, Aa Dekhen Zara failed to do well at the box office. Rohit Shetty's All The Best: Fun Begins performed well and her comic role was appreciated by fans. Later that year, <mask> surprised everybody with Rituparno Ghosh's Bengali film, Shob Charitro Kalponik. "I love saris and I'm wearing a lot of them in Ritu's film," she said. She gave up her glamorous look and was praised by critics for her performance. Critic Subhash K. Jha spoke high of her.He said, "<mask> [<mask>] pulls out all stops to deliver her career's best performance. Her moments of anguish before and after her screen-husband's death are expressed in tones of cathartic conviction that we never knew existed within Bipasha." He also compared her with the multiple-award-winning actress, Shabana Azmi, commenting that <mask>'s anguished portrayal of bereavement can be equalled by Azmi only. Recent work: 2010–present

With the 2010 film Pankh, <mask> returned as an imaginary character who exists in the protagonist's mind. She was then featured as a Kashmiri girl in Rahul Dholakia's Lamhaa, which explored socio-political problems in Kashmir. Principal photography of Lamhaa was disrupted many times by the locals due to the controversial theme. During the shooting of Lamhaa, she left the sets at Anantnag and headed back to Mumbai citing she was afraid of the crowd there.Producer Bunty Walia thought of replacing her with Vidya Balan, but she returned for the shoot later with necessary security arrangements. NDTV Movies wrote, "<mask> sinks herself into her character imparting a dramatic resonance into the role without resorting to stock expressions. The sequence where she gets mauled by militant women is as traumatic to watch as it must have been for Bipasha to shoot." <mask> then appeared as the wife of a ruthless cop in Priyadarshan's Aakrosh who helps the police with investigation on honour killings in their village. She met with mixed reviews for the film. Nikhat Kazmi of The Times of India commented, "Bipasha actually doesn't have much to do and does seem to be miscast as the much-abused, bruised and battered wife of Paresh Rawal". Her only release in 2011 was Dum Maaro Dum, which performed reasonably well at the box office and met with good reviews from critics.Talking of the film, she said, "My next release is DMD Dum Maaro Dum, in which I play a lively, colourful, happy-go-lucky girl called Zoey, who is the representation of Goa as we see it." <mask> collaborated with Abbas-Mustan for the third time in Players, which became the first release of 2012. The film was an official remake of The Italian Job. Players was heavily compared to The Italian Job and was criticised for its execution and performances, including that of <mask>. Her next release was Raaz 3, a supernatural horror thriller directed by Vikram Bhatt, upon release met with favourable response and emerging as a box office success after a period of relatively low phase for <mask>. The movie not only became the highest grossing horror film, but also emerged a "blockbuster" with revenues of  in India alone. Her performance in the film garnered acclaim from critics with Subhash K. Jha of IANS saying, "It's Bipasha who holds together the feverish proceedings.She delivers a full-bodied gutsy performance." After appearing in a guest appearance in Race 2, where she reprised her role from the prequel, <mask> was seen in the horror film Aatma which was directed by Suparn Verma and produced by Kumar Mangat and Abhishek Pathak. She received mixed reviews for the movie. <mask> performed live alongside Atif Aslam, Shaan & Malaika Arora Khan for the first time in series of concerts in Birmingham & London in the summer 2013. In 2014 <mask> <mask> was seen on numerous roles in different types of movies. She appeared in Humshakals, a comedy movie directed by Sajid Khan opposite Saif Ali Khan. Humshakals was a box office disaster.She even didn't participate in the film's promotions because she was "extremely disturbed by the end result" and stated, "Humshakals was the worst experience of my life". She was also seen in a horror film Creature 3D, which was again a box office failure. <mask> had completed work on her first English film, Roland Joffé's epic drama The Lovers in which she portrayed a Maratha warrior. The film was released on 13 March 2015. In 2015, <mask> featured in Bhushan Patel's romance horror film Alone opposite her future husband Karan Singh Grover. India TV reviewed the movie and wrote that, "With some genuine scary moments and <mask>-Karan's scorching chemistry, Alone stands apart from numerous horrible horror flicks made in the past." and also stated that, "Bipasha just takes her act to another level."The film performed moderately well at the box office. As of 2020, <mask> is committed to star opposite her husband Karan Singh Grover for the second time in crime drama web series Dangerous. Media image
<mask> ranked 8 in The Times of India 50 most desirable women in 2011, ranked 13 in 2012, and ranked 7 in 2013. UK magazine Eastern Eye named her the "Sexiest Woman in Asia" in 2005 and 2007. Other ventures

Fitness DVD launch

Aside from films, <mask> is an advocate of physical fitness. In 2005 she released her first fitness DVD jointly with John Abraham, titled Bollywood Bodies. In 2010 she released her first solo fitness DVD called Love Yourself: Fit & Fabulous You, which emphasised on being strong, healthy, and loving one's self.The DVD consisted of a 60-day routine for weight-loss, including a beginner's workout, an advanced workout and an "easy tone" workout. She was also the brand ambassador of Sugar Free, which helped her promoting the DVD. Hiren Gada, director of Shemaroo Entertainment said, "A celebrity like <mask> <mask>, genuinely believes in staying healthy. She is also passionate about fitness." <mask> later launched her second fitness DVD in September 2011 named Break Free, a 30-minute dance routine, and the follow up to <mask> <mask>'s first workout video, continuing the Love Yourself series. In January 2014 <mask> <mask> launched her much awaited third instalment of her Love Yourself DVD fitness series, Unleash, an advanced training routine that includes plyometrics and focuses more on power and speed, while strengthening the bones and improving muscle coordination. Later in 2014, many of her fitness workout videos were released for free on distributor Shemaroo Entertainment's health-focussed YouTube channel, Shemaroo Good Health 24/7.She is also the face of Delhi Marathon, which has been inspired by her interest in fitness. Personal life

<mask> was in a relationship with actor Dino Morea from 1996 to 2002 and a very high-profile one with John Abraham from 2002 to 2011. In 2015, <mask> met co-star Karan Singh Grover on the sets of Alone and they fell in love. The couple got married on 30 April 2016. Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> on IMDb

1979 births
Living people
Indian film actresses
Female models from Delhi
Apeejay School alumni
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan schools alumni
Actresses from Kolkata
Filmfare Awards winners
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Bengali actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
20th-century Bengalis
21st-century Bengalis
Female models from Kolkata
People from New

masks: Bipasha Basu Basu Basu Basu Basu Bipasha Basu Basu Basu Bipasha Basu Basu Basu Basu Basu Bipasha Bipasha Basu Basu Basu Bipasha Basu Basu Basu Bipasha Basu Basu Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu Basu Basu Bipasha Basu


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<mask> (born August 23, 1991) is an American-born Israeli ice dancer who competes with Ilia Tkachenko. Together they have won four medals on the ISU Challenger Series. Earlier in her career, <mask> skated with Otar Japaridze for Georgia and with Deividas Stagniūnas for Lithuania. With Stagniūnas, she won the bronze medal at the 2011 Skate America, placed in the top ten at two European Championships, and represented Lithuania at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Personal life
<mask> was born August 23, 1991, in New York City. She and her family are Jewish. She is the daughter of <mask>, president and co-founder of I.A.Englander & Co., one of the largest institutional equity derivatives brokers on the American stock exchange. After completing high school, she briefly attended Columbia University's School of General Studies. From 1999 to 2007 she attended the George Balanchine School of American Ballet and performed with the New York City Ballet. In October 2012, <mask> applied for Lithuanian citizenship. In December, she was interviewed by the Citizenship Commission and passed the Lithuanian language test; however, the application was denied by Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė on January 7, 2013. It was granted on December 5, 2013. <mask> married Samuel Lites in June 2017.In 2019, Lites decided to finish her degree at Southern Methodist University. She was a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma Sorority there, as well as Phi Beta Kappa and the Robert Stewart Hyer Society, and graduated with honors in May 2020. Early career
<mask> started skating in 1998 at the age of seven. She took up ice dancing at age 10 and competed with Kurt Lingenfelter on the intermediate level and with James Warren in novice. In 2003, she decided to leave skating to focus on ballet. <mask> returned to skating in September 2007 and teamed up with Otar Japaridze to compete for Georgia. They appeared together on the junior level during the 2007–08 season, placing 14th at the 2008 World Junior Championships.Partnership with Stagniūnas
In spring 2010, <mask> teamed up with Lithuanian ice dancer Deividas Stagniūnas. They initially trained under Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva in Canton, Michigan. 2010–2011 season
<mask>ūnas made their debut at the 2010 Nebelhorn Trophy, where they placed 11th, and won their first international medal, bronze, at the 2010 NRW Trophy. At their first European and World Championships, they placed 12th and 14th respectively. 2011–2012 season
<mask>ūnas won bronze at a Grand Prix event, the 2011 Skate America. They finished 9th at the 2012 European Championships and 18th at the 2012 World Championships. 2012–2013 season
In June 2012, <mask>nas moved from Canton, Michigan to Novi, Michigan, following coach Igor Shpilband.According to IOC rules, Olympic competitors must be citizens of the country they are representing. In order to allow the team to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics, <mask> submitted an application for Lithuanian citizenship in October 2012. It was denied on January 7, 2013. <mask> withdrew from the 2013 European Championships as a result of Stagniūnas' back problem. By finishing 15th at the 2013 World Championships in London, Ontario, they qualified a spot for Lithuania in the Olympic ice dancing event. 2013–2014 season
<mask> was granted Lithuanian citizenship in December 2013. <mask> placed ninth at the 2014 European Championships in January in Budapest, 17th at the 2014 Winter Olympics in February in Sochi, and then 15th at the 2014 World Championships in March in Saitama.In early May 2014, Stagniūnas announced his competitive retirement due to recurring injuries. Partnership with Tkachenko

Formation
<mask> and Russia's Ilia Tkachenko teamed up in the summer of 2014 to represent Israel. They had skated together previously for six months in 2008. 2015–2016 season
<mask>kachenko began the season on the Challenger Series (CS), winning silver medals at the Finlandia Trophy and Mordovian Ornament. They placed 10th at the 2016 European Championships in Bratislava, Slovakia, and 12th at the 2016 World Championships in Boston, United States. They were coached by Igor Shpilband and Adrienne Lenda in Novi, Michigan. 2016–2017 season
<mask>kachenko ranked 4th at the 2016 CS Autumn Classic International in Canada before making their Grand Prix debut as a team.After placing 6th at the 2016 Skate America and 5th at the 2016 Trophée de France, they won silver behind Elena Ilinykh / Ruslan Zhiganshin at the 2016 CS Tallinn Trophy. The two placed 12th at the 2017 World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. Due to their result, Israel qualified a spot in the ice dancing event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. They were coached by Shpilband and Lenda in Novi, Michigan. On 12 April 2017, <mask> announced a coaching change, having decided to join Marina Zoueva, Oleg Epstein, Massimo Scali, and Johnny Johns at the Arctic Edge in Canton, Michigan. 2017–2018 season
<mask>kachenko withdrew from both of their Grand Prix assignments – the 2017 NHK Trophy and 2017 Skate America. Due to Tkachenko's unsuccessful application for Israeli citizenship, they were not included in Israel's team to the 2018 Winter Olympics.Programs

With Tkachenko

With Stagniūnas

With Japaridze

Results
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

With Tkachenko for Israel

With Stagniūnas for Lithuania

With Japaridze for Georgia

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Israeli female ice dancers
Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Lithuanian female ice dancers
Lithuanian people of American descent
People of Israeli descent
Israeli people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
Naturalized citizens of Lithuania
Olympic figure skaters of Lithuania
Sportspeople from New York City
Columbia University School of General Studies alumni
Southern Methodist University alumni

masks:
Isabella Tobias
Tobias
Isabella Tobias
Stephen Tobias
Tobias
Tobias
Isabella Tobias
Tobias
Tobias
Tobias Stagni
Tobias Stagni
Tobias Stagniū
Tobias
Tobias Stagninas
Tobias
Tobias Stagninas
Tobias
Tobias T
Tobias T
Tobias Tkachenko
Tobias T


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<mask>  (20 December 1856 – 27 December 1942) was a prolific British architect, garden designer and author of the Victorian and Edwardian period. Early life and career
<mask> was born at Bow rectory in Devon, where his father, the Rev. <mask> (d. 1900), was rector. His mother, Isabella, was a first cousin of his father and the second daughter of the Rt. Rev. <mask>, Bishop of London. He was brought up in Kent, where his father became rector of Dartford in 1857 and then of Aldington in 1868.He was educated at Highgate School in North London, whose Grade 2 listed War Memorial he later designed, and then Haileybury school in Hertfordshire, and at Exeter College, Oxford, where he took a first-class degree in classics. At Oxford, he attended John Ruskin's lectures, but found "the atmosphere of rapt adoration with which Ruskin and all he said was received by the young ladies... was altogether too much for me". Although he had a clear leaning towards the polite arts, his family did not have the means to sustain him as a gentleman artist, and Blomfield at this date had no clear career. After Oxford, he spent a year travelling on the continent as a tutor before accepting an offer from his maternal uncle, Sir <mask>, to become an articled pupil in his London practice in the autumn of 1881. He also enrolled in the Royal Academy Schools, where Richard Phené Spiers was Master of the Architectural School. He found the atmosphere in his uncle's office uncongenial and the practice's traditional Gothic Revival output hard and soulless, although he gained valuable mechanical skills at draughtsmanship and site experience. He prospered more at the Academy Schools, taking the junior prize in 1882 and the senior prize the following year, with a design for a town house in the fashionable Queen Anne Revival style, of which he was later ashamed.During his years in his uncle's office, the practice produced two uncharacteristic schemes (for work at Marlborough College and Shrewsbury School) that appear to foreshadow <mask>'s enthusiasm for classicism, and in the design of which he was presumably involved. He was an occasional cricketer and played in matches with J. M. Barrie's Allahakbarries XI. Design work
At the beginning of 1884, having completed his training, he left his uncle's office and spent a further four months travelling in France and Spain before returning to London and establishing a practice at 17 Southampton Street, off the Strand, in London; E.S. Prior had an office in the same building. Through Prior, a former pupil of Richard Norman Shaw, <mask> met others of Shaw's circle, including Mervyn Macartney, Ernest Newton and Gerald Horsley. Although he never worked in Shaw's office, <mask> was, like them, henceforth a great admirer of Shaw. With this ground, <mask> was involved in the founding of the Art Workers Guild and was at first made its Honorary Secretary, but he attended infrequently and when admonished about this, resigned in a huff.In retrospect, however, he paid tribute to these efforts as formative in setting a new direction for architecture: "I think it is due to these young men of the 80s that the arts were rescued from the paralysing conventions of the Victorian era". In 1890, with the idea of designing and making fine furniture, <mask>, Ernest Gimson, Macartney and William Lethaby joined forces to establish Kenton & Co. Although the venture had the makings of a success, it lasted only two years, as the partners decided to concentrate instead on their increasingly successful architectural practices. In 1886 <mask> married the daughter of Henry Burra of Rye, Sussex, a town where he had designed several houses, including his own, the very informal Point Hill. The same year, Blomfield and the printer T.J. Cobden Sanderson (1840–1922) built themselves a pair of pretty houses in Frognal, Hampstead, Middlesex; 51 Frognal remained Blomfield's London home until his death. The heyday of Blomfield's practice, between 1885 and 1914, was dominated by the construction of new country houses and the renovation and extension of existing ones on the most generous scale. Notable among these works are the alteration of Apethorpe Palace, Northamptonshire (1906-09);Chequers, Buckinghamshire (mostly 1909–12), Heathfield Park, Sussex (1896–1910) and Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire (1898–1910).The completely new buildings are mostly slightly smaller but still substantial; houses such as Wittington at Medmenham, Buckinghamshire; Caythorpe Court, Lincolnshire; Moundsmere Manor. Hampshire; or Wretham Hall, Norfolk. Much of this work was carried out in a manner inspired by Blomfield's studies of both English and French Renaissance styles. Blomfield's fairly numerous university and commercial buildings also included a number of prestigious commissions, including the college buildings for Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford and the United Universities Club in London. He played a major part in the completion of the Quadrant on Regent Street, London when Richard Norman Shaw withdrew from the project. The First World War put an end to the type of building projects on which he had been engaged, and after it ended in 1919 his practice never returned to its former size. He was sixty-five in 1921, but continued working at a gradually decreasing pace into his late 70s, producing a large number of war memorials in the 1920s, including the Menin Gate at Ypres.His last major project was the reconstruction of 4 Carlton Gardens, London, in 1932. Publications

Blomfield had a gift for sketching and writing. His first book, The Formal Garden in England, illustrated by Inigo Thomas, appeared in 1892. His views invoked the criticism of the gardener William Robinson, who pursued a lengthy dispute with those architects who dared to interest themselves in gardening, especially <mask> and John Dando Sedding. In 1897 Blomfield's first major historical work, A history of Renaissance architecture in England, 1500–1800 was published by George Bell and Sons. The architecture of the Wren era in particular appealed to him, and he came to regard it as the era of England's finest architecture. This book was complemented by the appearance of a companion study, A history of French architecture, published in two volumes covering 1494–1661 (1911) and 1661–1774 (1921).Together with the work of <mask> himself, Sir John Belcher and Mervyn Macartney, the arrival of a serious account of architectural development in the 17th and 18th centuries led not only to the preservation of many previously neglected buildings of those periods, but also increased interest in the neo-Georgian style. His other published works include Studies in Architecture (1905); The Mistress Art (1908), Architectural Drawing and Draughtsmen (1912); The Touchstone of Architecture (1925); Six Architects (1925); Memoirs of an Architect (1932); the controversial anti-Modernist polemic, Modernismus (1934) and the sketchy Richard Norman Shaw (1940). In 1920 he delivered the British Academy's Aspects of Art Lecture, which was published in the Proceedings of the British Academy. A further collection of autobiographical material, 1932–42, continuing his memoirs, remains unpublished and is in the possession of his descendants. Archival materials
The British Architectural Library Drawings Collection has a number of his perspective drawings produced for Royal Academy exhibitions and an incomplete collection of his sketchbooks, photographs and papers. Other documents remain in the possession of his descendants, but he disposed of the majority of his drawings during the Second World War. A bronze bust of <mask> by Sir William Reid Dick is in the National Portrait Gallery.List of works

The following list of major works is selected from that given in R.A. Fellows, Sir <mask>: an Edwardian architect, 1985, with additions from The Buildings of England and other sources cited in the bibliography:

Haileybury College, Hertfordshire: erection of Bradby Memorial Hall, 1886; Music School, Sports Pavilion and organ case, 1923
Broxbourne, Hertfordshire: erection of five houses on St Catherine's estate for J.A. Hunt, 1887
20 Buckingham Gate, Westminster, Middlesex: new town house in free Queen Anne style, 1887
Rye, Sussex: new vicarage, 1887; mission room, 1900
Swinford Old Manor, near Ashford, Kent: restoration, 1887
Blacknoll, Dorset: new house, 1889
Hertford, Hertfordshire: new covered market, public library and art school, 1889 (with W.H. Wilds)
Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey: alterations and renovation for Arthur Brook, 1889, in free Queen Anne style
Rye, Sussex: erection of houses in Gun Garden and Watchbell Street, 1890, 1910
Aslockton, Nottinghamshire: new church, 1890–92
Bern (Switzerland): rebuilding of St. Antonien Kapelle, 1891, in late Gothic style
Carshalton, Surrey: extension of All Saints church, 1891–1914 (with A.W. Blomfield)
Southwater, Horsham, Sussex: new house and gardens, 1891
Chequers Court, Buckinghamshire: restoration, alterations and gardens for Bertram Astley, 1892–1901 and Arthur Lee, 1st Baron Lee of Fareham, 1909–12, in neo-Jacobean style
Frogmore Hall, Hertfordshire: alterations, 1892
Frognal, Hampstead, Middlesex: new houses at 49–51 Frognal for himself and T.J. Cobden Sanderson, 1892
Swiftsden, Etchingham, Sussex: new house in neo-Georgian style, 1892
Borrowstone Lodge, Kincardine O'Neil, Aberdeenshire: new house, 1893
Queen Anne's School, Caversham, Oxfordshire: chapel, 1893
St. George, Hanover Square, London: new fittings, circa 1894
Warley Lodge, Essex: new gardens, 1894
Mystole House. Belgian War Memorial, Victoria Embankment, London, 1917, with Belgian sculptor Victor Rousseau
Derby School War Memorial, an obelisk at St. Helen's House, Derby, 1921
Hertfordshire Regiment Memorial, Hertford, 1921
Ypres (Belgium): Menin Gate, 1922 and Saint George's Memorial Church, 1928
The Royal Air Force Memorial in London, 1923. The Cross of Sacrifice or War Cross, for the Imperial War Graves Commission (now Commonwealth War Graves Commission). These are in Commonwealth cemeteries in many countries.Bury War Memorial

Awards and honours

<mask> was made an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1881 and a Fellow in 1906; an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1905 and elected to the Academy in 1914, where he had been Professor of Architecture 1907–11 and awarded the Royal Gold Medal in 1913. He was President of the RIBA in 1912–14 and was knighted in 1919. In 1933, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Corresponding member. Death

He died aged 86 on 27 December 1942 and is buried in family plot in the churchyard of St James, Playden, East Sussex, half a mile north of his country home Point Hill, Rye. Fellow architect Horace Field, who was a near neighbour in both Rye and Hampstead, is buried in the same churchyard. See also
St. Thomas' Church, Aslockton

References

Notes

Citations

Sources

External links

 Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections
 <mask>: Veterans UK
 Blomfield, <mask> (1911). A History of French Architecture from the Death of Charles VIII till the Death of Mazarin London: G. Bell.Vols. I (copies 1 & 2) and II (copies 1 & 2) at Internet Archive. <mask>, <mask> (1921). A History of French Architecture from the Death of Mazarin till the Death of Louis XV, 1661–1774. London: G. Bell. Vols. I (copies 1 & 2) and II (copies 1 & 2) at Internet Archive.1856 births
1942 deaths
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
Architects from Devon
Associates of the Royal Institute of British Architects
Blomfield family
Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Knights Bachelor
People associated with Goldsmiths, University of London
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
People educated at Highgate School
People from Mid Devon District
Presidents of the Royal Institute of British Architects
Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal
Royal Academicians

masks:
Sir Reginald Theodore Blomfield
Blomfield
George John Blomfield
Charles James Blomfield
Arthur Blomfield
Blomfield
Blomfield
Blomfield
Blomfield
Blomfield
Blomfield
Blomfield
Blomfield
Blomfield
Reginald Blomfield
Blomfield
Reginald Blomfield
Reginald
Blomfield
Reginald


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<mask> (; born April 27, 1978) is a professional Japanese Heavyweight karateka and kickboxer. He is a two-time K-1 Japan tournament runner-up and holds notable wins over Ben Edwards, Sander Thonhauser and Faisal Zakaria. <mask> fights out of Dojo Chakuriki Japan in Tokyo, Japan. <mask> was diagnosed with Leukemia, but was recently able to recover and is now cancer free. Biography and career
<mask> was born in the Japanese city of Tokushima. He learned karate while attending highschool. After his graduation in 1998 <mask> moved to the Netherlands to train at the world famous Chakuriki Dojo under the guidance of Thom Harinck.He was very committed and eventually debuted, at the age of 19, in the K-1. <mask> <mask> won his first three fights at the K-1 Japan GP 1999 and reached the tournament finals but lost the title fight against Musashi. In 2004 he received his Muay Thai teaching diploma from Thom Harinck and opened his own gym, Dojo Chakuriki Japan, in Tokyo. In the same year <mask> again took the second place in the K-1 Japan GP. However, <mask> Hasyashi would have his biggest fight outside the ring. In 2009 he checked himself into the hospital after he was diagnosed with acute leukemia. <mask> released the comment via his dojo, "Just like Chakuri spirit, "going forward, and forward" I am determined to win against this illness, and in my heart I swore I will be back in that ring and fight again, and for now I will dedicate myself to the medical treatment".<mask> <mask> was successfully treated for cancer in 2010 and continues his kickboxing career as the head of Dojo Chakuriki Japan. Titles
2004 K-1 Japan GP finalist
2001 K-1 Japan GP 3rd place
1999 K-1 Japan GP finalist
1998 Seido Kaikan Rookies 4th place
1996 Satojuku Tokyo tournament champion

Kickboxing record

|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2014-12-29 || Loss ||align=left| Murat Aygun || Blade 1 || Tokyo, Japan || KO ||  ||  || 15-19-2
|-  bgcolor="#c5d2ea"
| 2008-09-15 || Draw ||align=left| Yuuki Niimura || TITANS NEOS IV || Japan || Decision Draw || 3 || 3:00 || 15-18-2
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2008-07-13 || Loss ||align=left| Aleksandr Pitchkounov || K-1 WGP 2008 in Taipei || Japan || Decision (3-0) || Ext. R || 3:00 || 11-10-1
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2003-06-29 || Win ||align=left| Toru Oishi || K-1 Beast 2003 || Japan || KO || 1 || 1:38 || 11-9-1
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2002-09-22 || Loss ||align=left| Tatsufumi Tomihira || K-1 Andy Spirits 2002 || Japan || Decision (3-0) || Ext.

masks:
Nobu Hayashi
Hayashi
Hayashi
Nobu Hayashi
Hayashi
Nobu
Hayashi
Hayashi
Nobu
Hayashi
Nobu
Hayashi


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<mask> (born October 21, 1964) is a musician, singer, songwriter and producer who has been a longtime collaborator with the bands Pink Floyd and The Who, and the solo careers of David Gilmour and Roger Waters, Pete Townshend, Eddie Vedder, Kate Bush, and Richard Butler. Biography
As a teenager, <mask> started his professional musical career with the band Industry as their lead singer, keyboardist and songwriter. During his time with the band, they had a hit single with "State of the Nation" in 1982, being followed by the album Stranger to Stranger. In 1982, he was asked by Industry's producer, Rhett Davies, to work with Bryan Ferry for his Boys and Girls album. Later in 1985, he joined Bryan Ferry at Live Aid, where he first played with Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour. The following year, <mask> collaborated with Gilmour in the sessions for what would become Pink Floyd's album A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987). He received credit as a keyboardist and for co-writing "Learning to Fly".He participated in the support tour for the album, performing alongside returning keyboardist Richard Wright, and appeared on the 1988 Pink Floyd double live album, Delicate Sound of Thunder. In 1992, Carin participated in the recording of the soundtrack for La Carrera Panamericana. Two years later, in 1994, Carin contributed keyboards to Pink Floyd's album The Division Bell (1994). He also participated on the Division Bell tour and was featured on the Pulse CD and DVD. Carin performed with the Who, playing Quadrophenia in its entirety in 1996, at London's Hyde Park, which led to an extensive tour throughout much of 1996–97. On August 16, 1998, he produced and played keyboards and drums for Pete Townshend for a concert to raise money for the Maryville Academy. In 1999, a CD of this concert was released, being produced by Carin.Throughout the summers of the late 1990s and early 2000s, he was on tour with former Pink Floyd bassist, Roger Waters, for his In the Flesh tour. This makes him one of few musicians who has played with both Roger Waters and Pink Floyd after Waters' departure from the band. This tour is documented on the DVD/CD Roger Waters In The Flesh, which features <mask> as a lead vocalist. In October 2001, he performed with The Who at The Concert for New York City, a tribute concert to the lives lost on September 11. In January 2002, a recording of the tribute was released on CD and DVD. He performed keyboards, Lap Steel guitar & vocals with Pink Floyd at their reunion with Roger Waters on July 2, 2005, for Live 8 at Hyde Park. In 2005, a three-disc DVD recording of The Who's 1996 performance of Quadrophenia was released.Carin played with David Gilmour in the 2006 tour, in support of On an Island. From June 2006, he played on Roger Waters The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour, with dates in 2007 and 2008. Carin has worked with such organizations as Amnesty International, Greenpeace, and 4 Seasons of Hope for fundraising events, playing with Seal, Elvis Costello, the Chieftains, Spinal Tap, and many others. In 2006, Carin worked on the self-titled solo album by The Psychedelic Furs' frontman Richard Butler. He wrote, arranged and played all of the instrumental parts, as well as producing and engineering the album. The album was co-dedicated to <mask>'s late father and Butler's late father. On 10 May 2007, Carin was one of the performers at the Syd Barrett tribute concert, "Madcap's Last Laugh", at the Barbican Centre in London, performing with Roger Waters and - separately - the members of Pink Floyd (billed as Rick Wright, David Gilmour and Nick Mason) as well as with Captain Sensible.Two months later, <mask> performed on keyboards, guitar and lead vocals with Roger Waters at the Live Earth event on 7 July 2007, at Giants Stadium in New Jersey. He has also programmed the sounds for The Rascals reunion shows in Port Chester, New York, the Capitol Theatre in December 2012. Carin performed with Roger Waters and Eddie Vedder for the "12/12/12" Hurricane Sandy benefit concert. He performed with Roger Waters tour "The Wall 2010–2013 Live" on keyboards, guitars, lap steel, and programming. In 2014, Carin performed in Kate Bush's Before the Dawn concert series at Hammersmith Apollo, her first live shows in 35 years. He then contributed to David Gilmour’s Rattle That Lock album, playing keyboards in 2015. Carin performed with David Gilmour on his Rattle That Lock World Tour 2015–16.In Autumn 2016, he performed with Roger Waters on a short tour of Mexico, then at Desert Trip in Coachella. In 2018, completed the 157-show Us + Them Tour with Roger Waters. Selected discography

Industry
 State of the Nation (EP)
 Stranger to Stranger

Pink Floyd
 A Momentary Lapse of Reason
 Learning to Fly
 Delicate Sound of Thunder
 Knebworth '90
 La Carrera Panamericana (soundtrack for the film)
 Shine On
 The Division Bell
 Pulse
 Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd
 Oh, By The Way
 The Best of Pink Floyd: A Foot in the Door
 The Division Bell 20th Anniversary Box Set
 The Endless River
 The Later Years 1987–2019
 Live At Knebworth 1990

Roger Waters
 In the Flesh Live
 Flickering Flame: The Solo Years Vol.

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Jon Carin
Jon Carin
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Jon
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Barnett "<mask>" P<mask> (December 25, 1898 – October 18, 1962) was a British-born American police officer and private detective. During his 20-year career on the force <mask> was among the NYPD's prominent "celebrity detectives" of the 1920s and 1930s. <mask> was associated with many criminal cases during this period, most notably, ending with the break-up of Murder Incorporated in 1940. Years later, he was called to testify before the Kefauver hearings due to his knowledge of the criminal underworld in Southern California and Las Vegas. He later worked as a private investigator in California, and also served as a technical advisor on a series of crime films for 20th Century Fox in the mid-1940s and The Lawless Years, a television series loosely based on his career. Early life
Barnett P<mask> was born in London, England on December 25, 1898. He was the son of Blooma (née Marin) and <mask>, a boot finisher.His family lived in South Africa for a time before returning to England. He was Jewish. In 1908, the <mask> family emigrated to the United States and settled on the East Side of Manhattan. At the age of 18, <mask> enlisted in the United States Army and saw active service during the 1916 U.S. expedition into Mexico and on the Western Front during the First World War. Career in the NYPD
Upon his return from France, <mask> joined New York City Police Department (NYPD), officially becoming a patrolman in 1921. The young officer soon made a name for himself when, in August 1923, he subdued a much larger man using his nightstick and was praised by both Magistrate Henry M. R. Goodman and The New York Times for the arrest. <mask> was made a detective the following year in the gangster-industrial squad, headed by Detective Johnny Broderick.The two men would eventually become one of the Broadway Squad's leading detectives during Prohibition. On the night of February 21, 1926, he and his wife Mollie stopped the robbery of a confectionery store near their home on Pennsylvania Avenue in Brooklyn. The two were returning from celebrating their wedding anniversary at a theatre and supper club when they noticed the hold-up taking place. <mask> managed to overpower one of the robbers, took his gun, and handed it to his wife while he chased down the second robber. Mollie held the first robber at bay while <mask> apprehended his accomplice a block and a half away. He then took both men to the nearby Brownsville Police Station. Six months after this incident <mask> was promoted to second-grade detective.In 1928, <mask> and fellow detective Harry Hagen disguised themselves as customers in a Turkish bathhouse on Second Street, a known underworld hangout, where they successfully captured the notorious "Poison Ivy" gang. Similarly, he arrested members of the "Pear Buttons" of West Side Manhattan. It was these cases which first gained <mask> fame as a detective. By the end of the decade <mask> and other detectives had earned a sort of celebrity status as "tough-fisted cops", described by The New York Times as "slight of build, but utterly fearless, who, together or separately, battled and beat many an oversized gangster". The exploits of the <mask>, Broderick and other detectives were frequently featured in crime magazines and newspapers as they took on such underworld figures as Jack "Legs" Diamond and Dutch Schultz. <mask> himself personally arrested Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel and Abe "Kid Twist" Reles at various points in his career and investigated Louis Buchalter's infamous "Murder, Inc." during the 1930s. Years later, <mask> told Senator Estes Kefauver at the hearings on organized crime that he had been "threatened a thousand times ... but I got around them pretty good; nobody got back at me."<mask> was among the 300-man police squad called into action when 2,000 Communist protesters threatened New York City Hall on January 30, 1931. It was the largest force ever assembled to protect City Hall. When the protesters began attack the police, several officers were isolated by the mob and beaten, <mask> being among them until he was saved by a fellow officer. In November 1935, <mask> was involved in the pursuit of three hold-up men who had robbed nightclub entertainer Frances Faye and her escort Joseph Eichenbaum. The high speed chase began after he commandeered a car and, with detective Thomas Aulbach, followed them until the would-be thieves crashed their car into an elevated pillar at Ninth Avenue and 63rd Street. He chased one of the men on foot and captured him following a shootout. He was presented with the NYPD Combat Cross, the NYPD's second-highest honor, for his actions.<mask> was also assigned to crowd control for the police guarding child star Shirley Temple during her 1938 visit to New York City; the two met again in Hollywood ten years later, when <mask> offered to take the young woman along for the police raid that saw actor Robert Mitchum arrested in a "marijuana bust". Temple was tempted but declined the offer. One celebrity with whom he enjoyed a close friendship was musician and big band leader Charlie Barnet. In his autobiography, Those Swinging Years (1992), Barnet described a road trip with <mask>:

In 1939, <mask> was enmeshed in a bribery scandal stemming from his in the Industrial Squad, which disbanded in 1933. A former Communist, Maurice L. Malkin, accused <mask>, Broderick and other officers of corruption in testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Malkin testified that the furriers union, which was controlled by Communists, borrowed $1.75 million from racketeer Arnold Rothstein to finance a 1926 strike, and that $110,000 of that went to members of the Industrial Squad, including  <mask>. No action was taken against the officers.Similar charges had been made in 1927 by the American Federation of Labor, and the officers were exonerated. Private Eye in Hollywood
On October 19, 1941, after twenty years with the NYPD, <mask> retired from the force. Shortly after the US entered the Second World War less than two months later, he reenlisted in the United States Army. He was sent to the North African theatre and served as a guard for prisoners of war until being wounded by shrapnel in 1943. While in the military, <mask> completed his memoirs, largely about his career in the NYPD, entitled Angel's Corner. At the end of the war, <mask> moved out to Los Angeles, where he opened a private detective firm and a small liquor store and became co-owner of a Sunset Strip nightclub called Sherry's. He was also employed by 20th Century Fox as a technical advisor (and occasional actor) on a series of crime films during the mid-1940s; these included "film noirs" such as Otto Brower's Margin for Error (1943) and Behind Green Lights (1946), and Edwin L. Marin's Nocturne (1946); <mask> also spearheaded a Hollywood-based organization to "take the kids off the streets" in an effort to discourage juvenile delinquency.His business ventures brought him into contact with figures in the entertainment industry, law enforcement, and organized crime. Association with gangland figures
Despite his reputation in the NYPD, <mask> had a poor relationship with the Los Angeles Police Department. The LAPD claimed that his detective agency, the Associated Security Council, collected on bad gambling debts owed to various Las Vegas casinos such as The El Rancho and the Nevada Biltmore; among his clients was one-time nemesis Bugsy Siegel, who now owned the Flamingo and allegedly discussed the underworld financing of the casino with <mask>. When Siegel was murdered in 1947, <mask> offered his theories to Los Angeles detectives regarding the gangland slaying; a state report by the "Special Crime Study Commission on Organized Crime" stated that <mask> was at the crime scene even before police arrived. The details of this meeting were subsequently leaked to syndicated columnist Westbrook Pegler, who exposed <mask>'s relationship with Siegel, and his image as "a squeaky clean New York cop" was called into question. <mask>'s nightclub, according to the LAPD, was also a popular hangout for local underworld figures. On at least one occasion he contacted New York mobster Frank Costello, known as "Prime Minister of the Underworld", to assist him in getting a certain type of liquor for his club.<mask> routinely checked the street and parking lot for the safety of patrons. In July 1949, Mickey Cohen, a regular at Sherry's, was attacked outside the club and shot in the shoulder in an attempted mob hit. In the aftermath of the attack <mask> assisted crime reporter Florabel Muir in searching the area, where they discovered "spent shells and half-eaten sardine sandwiches" on a nearby flight of cement stairs. The next year, <mask> was called to testify before the televised Kefauver hearings to discuss his knowledge of organized crime. He specifically shared details about Mickey Cohen and Bugsy Siegel, and described the erratic behavior of Virginia Hill, calling her "psychopathic"; however, he distanced himself from suggestions that he had "improper ties" with the local underworld. Marilyn Monroe and the Wrong Door Raid
Though it enjoyed the status of being "Hollywood's most popular detective agency", <mask>'s firm continued to be linked to questionable activities. In 1954, baseball player Joe DiMaggio, then in the midst of divorce proceedings with film star Marilyn Monroe, hired <mask> to discover whether she was having an extramarital affair.On the evening of November 5, 1954, one of <mask>'s associates, 21-year-old Phil Irwin, observed Monroe's Cadillac parked at Kilkea Drive and Waring Avenue. Monroe was visiting a friend, actress Sheila Stewart; however, DiMaggio suspected at the time that Monroe was having an affair with her vocal coach Hal Schaefer and that Stewart, one of Schaefer's students, was letting the two use her apartment. Irwin reported to <mask>, who phoned DiMaggio, who was dining with Frank Sinatra at an Italian restaurant in Hollywood, the Villa Capri. DiMaggio and Sinatra, along with Sinatra's manager Henry Sanicola and Villa Capri owner Pasquale "Patsy" D'Amore, arrived at the address less than an hour later, where they met with <mask> and Irwin. Together, the group entered the two-story apartment building, broke down the door of one of the three rooms, and rushed into the bedroom with a cameraman expecting to catch the couple in bed. Instead, the lights from the flash camera revealed the frightened occupant, 37-year-old secretary Florence Kotz Ross. Realizing their mistake, they quickly fled from the building.The police were called; however, because Kotz Ross was unable to identify the intruders, the case, then thought to be an attempted burglary, remained unsolved and was finally closed by the LAPD almost a year later. The entire incident came out in the September 1955 issue of Confidential, which called it the "Wrong Door Raid"; it became a legendary story in Hollywood gossip and caused embarrassment for all parties involved. After the story broke, Kotz Ross sued DiMaggio and Sinatra for $200,000; they settled out of court. Two years later, the incident was revisited by a state legislative committee as part of its investigation of the "Hollywood gutter press". Shortly thereafter, California Attorney General Pat Brown brought a criminal libel suit against Confidential. <mask>, who was then suffering from heart problems and whose second wife, Reggie, had recently died, was excused from testifying before the investigative committee. The negative publicity created by the "Wrong Door Raid", and the discovery that his detective firm did not have a state license, seriously harmed his reputation.<mask> subsequently retired as a P.I., later commenting: "[P]rivate detective work is a dirty, filthy, rotten business". Later years and death
Though his detective career had ended in scandal, <mask> managed to redeem himself though his literary efforts by the late 1950s. After a decade of negotiations, an agreement was made with the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) to create a television series based on his unpublished memoirs. In 1959, The Lawless Years, a half-hour weekly series based on <mask>'s Angel's Corner, debuted on NBC with <mask> being portrayed by James Gregory. <mask> himself served as technical adviser on the series, which was widely praised for its attention to detail. He was also a part-time casting director and contacted old criminal associates to portray criminals in the series. His only condition for working on the series was that his stories be kept as accurate and realistic as possible.Although the producers did not show the more graphic details from Angel's Corner, such as the use of ice picks and hot pokers, the events seen on each episode were generally a faithful depiction of Prohibition-era gangland violence. The Lawless Years ran during the summer television season for three years before being canceled in 1961. The show was the first of its kind and inspired the creation of its ABC network rival, the long-running series The Untouchables, based on Eliot Ness's exploits against Al Capone and the Chicago underworld. <mask> died in Los Angeles from a heart attack on October 19, 1962, only nine days after being admitted to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital for surgery to remove a tumor from his colon. He was survived by a son, Martin Phillips of Los Angeles. He was buried at Hillside Memorial Park. In popular fiction
<mask>, a popular police detective in his lifetime, has been portrayed in television, books and comics.<mask> is a major character in William Heffernan's fictionalized biography Broderick (1983)
<mask> is a minor character in Denise Hamilton's historical novel The Last Embrace (2008)
<mask> is a minor character in Adam Braver's fictionalized biography Misfit (2012)
Fictional detective Fred Rubinski, a major character in Max Allen Collins' short story "Unreasonable Doubt", is based on <mask>. Comic books;
<mask> appears as himself in the first issue of Mystery Men Comics (August 1939). Television
<mask> is portrayed by actor James Gregory in the 1950s television series The Lawless Years
Danny Arnold, creator of the 1970s television series <mask>, named the show in honor of his old friend by using his longtime nickname "<mask>". Bibliography
Angel's Corner (unpublished memoirs, later used as the basis of The Lawless Years)

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Further reading
Astor, Gerald. The New York Cops: An Informal History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971. . Dash, Samuel, Richard F. Schwartz, and Robert E. Knowlton.The Eavesdroppers. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1959; repr. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971. .
Messick, Hank. The Beauties and the Beasts: The Mob in Show Business. New York: David McKay, 1973. . External links

1898 births
1962 deaths
Writers from Manhattan
People from Los Angeles
20th-century American memoirists
American people of British-Jewish descent
British Jews
British emigrants to the United States
New York City Police Department officers
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army personnel of World War II
Private detectives and investigators
Writers from Los Angeles
United States Army soldiers

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. Ruditsky
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. Ruditsky
Phillip Ruditsky
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<mask>, OBE, (born 1958) is a British director, performer, translator, and writer. He was one of the founding members of Gloria, a production company established in 1988 to produce his work along with that of Nicolas Bloomfield, Leah Hausman and Simon Mellor. His work has garnered several awards, including the 1985 Perrier Award (as director for Complicite, for More Bigger Snacks Now), the Time Out Dance Umbrella Award (for A Vision of Love Revealed in Sleep), a Writers Guild Award (for Sarrasine), a Time Out Theatre Award (for A Judgement in Stone), and the Special Jury Prize at the Cork Film Festival (for Now That It's Morning). His production of The Dispute won a Time Out Award for Best Production in the West End and the 1999 TMA Best Touring Production award. He was appointed an OBE in 2000 for his services to the arts. His 2004 production of Shakespeare's Pericles was nominated for an Olivier Award for Outstanding Theatrical Achievement in 2004

Career
<mask>'s first book, Who Was That Man, showed how the gay history of London in the 1890s affected <mask>'s life as a gay man in London in the 1980s. His fourth novel, The Disappearance Boy, was published in London by Bloomsbury Circus in January 2014; his most recent novel  Address Bookis published in London by Inkandescent in November 2021.<mask>'s early performance work with Gloria included A Vision of Love Revealed in Sleep, Sarrasine and Night after Night. He also served as artistic director at the Lyric Theatre Hammersmith from 1994 until 2004. At the Lyric he directed productions of classic British plays, foreign classics which he translated or adapted, and a series of notable Christmas shows. The following are some of the plays he directed and translated:

 The first English production of Jean Genet's Splendid's
 Kleist's Prince of Homburg and Marivaux's La Dispute
 His adaptation of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist, and A Christmas Carol. Adaptation of The Servant by Robin Maugham. Many of <mask>'s translations of classic plays have been performed throughout the world. Since leaving the Lyric he has created work for leading cultural producers including the National Theatre in London, the Abbey in Dublin, the Bristol Old Vic, the Manchester Royal Exchange, the Edinburgh International Festival, the Manchester International Festival, the Brighton Festival, the Aldeburgh Festival, the Holland Festival, the Wellcome Foundation and Tate Britain.He also took part in the Bush Theatre's 2011 project Sixty Six Books, where he wrote a piece based upon a chapter of the King James Bible

Work

Fiction
 Who Was That Man: A Present for Mr. Oscar Wilde (1988)
 Ready to Catch Him Should He Fall (1992)
 Mr. Clive and Mr. Twenty Four Hours of Peace (2019) Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester. The Importance of Being Earnest (2020) RADA, London. Tenebrae; Lessons Learnt in Darkness (2020) Brighton Festival. Television
 That's What Friends Are For (1988) television, for After Image/Channel Four
 Where Is Love? (1988) television, for ICA/BBC2
 Pedagogue (1988) with Stuart Marshall
 That's How Strong My Love Is (1989) television, for Channel Four
 Now That It's Morning (1992) television, for Channel Four/British Screen

References

Sources
 <mask>, <mask>, adapter. 2003.Camille. By Alexandre Dumas fils. London: Oberon. .
 <mask>, <mask>. 2005. Solo Voices: Monologues 1987-2004. London: Oberon. .
 Burton, Peter, editor. 2008.A Casualty of War: the Arcadia Book of Gay Short Stories. London: Arcadia Books. . External links
Official website
Brief biography
IMDB biography

1958 births
English dramatists and playwrights
English gay actors
English gay writers
Living people
English translators
English theatre directors
English male radio actors
21st-century English novelists
LGBT dramatists and playwrights
English LGBT novelists
English male dramatists and playwrights
English male novelists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
21st-century English male writers
English male non-fiction writers
21st-century British translators

masks:
Neil Vivian Bartlett
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<mask> (6 March 1856 – 22 August 1914) was a French general. Joining the metropolitan army as a private soldier in 1875 he rapidly rose through the ranks and was commissioned into the Troupes de marine (colonial army) in 1880. Serving in the Tonkin War in command of indigenous troops he was wounded during an attack on a fort, he was posted briefly to Senegal before returning to Tonkin in 1890. During the Pacification of Tonkin Rondony distinguished himself, being wounded twice in action, being cited in the order of the day, receiving the Tonkin and Colonial Medals and being appointed a commander of the Order of the Dragon of Annam. Returning to France in 1897 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and saw service in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900–01. Furthers postings in Tonkin and Madagascar followed before Rondony was promoted to général de brigade in France. Holding command of the 3rd Colonial Brigade upon the start of the First World War he led it in defeat at the Battle of Rossignol on 22 August 1914.Rondony and his divisional commander, Léon Amédée François Raffenel, were killed in action, the first French generals to die during the war. Early life and non-commissioned career
Born on 6 March 1856 at Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste, Pyrénées-Orientales, to Bonaventure and Julie Tardey <mask>, Rondony enlisted in the French Army's 22nd Line Infantry Regiment as a 2nd class private on 5 November 1875. Rondony soon received promotion, first to corporal on 7 May 1876 and to quartermaster-sergeant on 11 November the same year. He was demoted to sergeant on 26 February 1877 but reappointed quartermaster-sergeant on 26 May. He was appointed to the senior non-commissioned rank of sergeant-major on 14 October 1877 and to adjutant on 6 November 1879. Colonial campaigns
Rondony transferred from the metropolitan army into the 5th Marine Infantry Regiment of the troupes de marine (the French colonial army, controlled by the navy rather than the war office) on 6 October 1880 and received a commission as a second lieutenant four days later. Rondony served in French Indo-China from 13 January 1883 until 23 May, being promoted to lieutenant in the Tirailleurs Annamites two days later for service in Tonkin.He was wounded in the left shoulder whilst attacking a fort at Dong Lai on 15 May. Rondony transferred to the 2nd Tonkinese Rifles on 16 June 1885, and to the 2nd Marine Infantry on 29 September before his return to France in December of that year. Posted to Senegal on 8 February 1887 he was transferred to the Senegalese Tirailleurs on 21 May. He was appointed a chevalier of the Legion of Honour on 16 June. Remaining in Senegal he was promoted to captain in the 1st Marine Infantry Regiment on 21 February 1888 before leaving for France on 2 March 1889. He was transferred to the 4th Marine Infantry Regiment on 11 April 1890 and to the 3rd Tonkinese Rifles on 16 February 1891, prior to his return to Tonkin on 15 March that year. He was wounded again in the left shoulder on 23 September 1892 at Dong Rhé and once more by a bullet on 11 December 1892.Cited in the Order of the Day on 14 December for "great vigour" displayed in action at Long-Xa in July and August 1892, he also held the Colonial Medal and the Tonkin Expedition commemorative medal. Remaining in Tonkin Rondony was transferred to the 5th Marine Infantry regiment on 3 March 1893 and to the 9th Marine Infantry Regiment on 1 April 1894, where he received promotion to chef du bataillon on 13 July. He joined the 4th Marine Infantry on 19 July 1894, returned to the 3rd Tonkinese Rifles on 11 January 1896 and to the 2nd Tonkinese Rifles on 23 July that year. Rondony left Tonkin for France on 21 July 1897 where he joined the 1st Marine Infantry Regiment and was married on 18 October 1897. He had received an appointed as commander of the Order of the Dragon of Annam on 4 July 1897. Promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 8 March 1900 he joined the 17th Marine Infantry during the Boxer Rebellion on 1 July 1900 and served on the staff of the general commanding Indo-China from 24 September to 1 November 1901. Rondony was posted from China to Tonkin, arriving on 8 November 1901 and was again transferred to the 3rd Tonkinese Rifles on 1 February 1902.Leaving for France on 18 May 1902 <mask> was transferred to the 3rd Colonial Infantry Regiment on 31 May and to the 23rd Colonial Infantry Regiment on 16 September 1902. He was appointed an officer of the Legion of Honour on 13 July 1903. Being posted to Madagascar on 10 July 1904 <mask> was transferred to the 13th Colonial Infantry Regiment on 20 September 1904 and promoted Colonel on 21 December. He joined the 1st Tirailleurs Malgaches Regiment on 17 January 1905 and the 7th Colonial Infantry Regiment on 19 August 1906. Returning once more to Tonkin on 29 January 1912 with command of a brigade and a position with the 3rd Colonial Infantry Regiment he received promotion to général de brigade on 18 March 1913. He became a commander of the Legion of Honour on 11 July 1914. First World War
Holding command of the 3rd Colonial Infantry Brigade (consisting of the 3rd and 7th Colonial Infantry Regiments) upon the French mobilisation in August 1914 he moved his brigade by rail from the south-west of France to the Meuse where it formed part of the 3rd Colonial Division under Général Léon Amédée François Raffenel (along with the 1st Colonial Brigade).<mask>'s brigade crossed the Semois River to enter Belgium and confront the invading German army. Engaged at the Battle of Rossignol on 22 August 1914, the 3rd Colonial Division was defeated with heavy losses. Although <mask>'s troops fared better than other elements of the division, which ceased to exist as a formed unit, the 3rd Colonial Infantry Regiment lost 2,085 men killed, wounded or missing and the 7th Colonial Infantry Regiment some 1,500. <mask> and Raffenel were amongst those killed, becoming the first French generals to lose their lives during the war. <mask> was cited in a general order of 19 September 1914 for his "glorious death". References

1856 births
1914 deaths
French generals
French military personnel killed in World War I
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Order of the Dragon of Annam

masks:
Charles Rondony
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