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Air Chief Marshal <mask>,  (1 March 1894 – 6 October 1954) was a senior Royal Air Force commander during the Second World War. He was a former Rector of Imperial College and Vice-Chancellor of London University. The Department of Aeronautics of Imperial College was situated in a building named after him. Early life
<mask> was born in Hampstead, London, on 1 March 1894, the eldest of the three children of <mask>, professor of mathematics at University College, London, and his wife, Minnie. His brother was Geoffrey T. R<mask> and Sir <mask> was their uncle. <mask> was educated at Bradfield College and, in 1912, went to the fine arts department of University College, London, with the ambition of becoming an architect. From 1909 onwards both he and Geoffrey became fascinated by aviation; with money earned by <mask> from drawings published in The Sphere, they built, and successfully flew, a glider of their own design in 1913.RAF career
<mask> was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the 12th Northumberland Fusiliers in December 1914, and was posted to France in the second half of 1915. <mask> first saw intensive combat in the Battle of Loos, where he earned a mention in despatches but suffered a wound in the side. While recovering from his wounds, <mask> successfully applied to join the Royal Flying Corps and by July 1916 he had transferred and qualified as a pilot. Demonstrating above average flying ability he was posted to No. 60 Squadron, then flying the tricky Morane-Saulnier N. He quickly proved himself a skilled pilot, making repeated patrols and engagements over the German lines and fighting in the air battles during the Somme offensive in November 1916. Shortly after this he was again mentioned in despatches and awarded the Military Cross, for "conspicuous skill and gallantry. Under very heavy fire he dived at an enemy balloon, and brought it down in flames."In December 1916 <mask> became flight commander of No. 60 Squadron and was promoted captain. In February 1917, <mask>'s reputation as an intelligent pilot with aerobatic skills led to his posting as the leader of the experimental flying department at Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough. There, his test flying contributed to the success of the S.E.5, the R.E.8, and the DH.9 (with the Napier Lion engine). On the formation of the Royal Air Force in April 1918, <mask> was promoted to squadron leader. In August of that year he was awarded the Air Force Cross (AFC) for meritorious flying as an experimental pilot at Farnborough; he had flown into a barrage balloon cable to test a newly invented protective device. During this tour, he also carried out development work testing wireless direction finding, radio control; he experimented personally with early types of parachute.In recognition, he was awarded a Bar to his AFC in 1921. At the Hendon Pageant of 1922, he demonstrated the manoeuvrability of the Airco DH.10 Amiens twin-engined bomber in a mock dogfight with S.E 5 fighters. Also in that year, he won the R. M. Groves aeronautical research prize. <mask> remained at Farnborough until 1923, when he attended the RAF Staff College in Andover. After graduating in 1924, he was briefly employed on Air Staff duties at Inland and Area H.Q. then in September was posted as the commanding officer of No. 45 Squadron at Hinaidi.There he was instrumental in running the Cairo–Baghdad air route, flying Vickers Vernon transport aircraft, and in maintaining the security of Iraq. He wrote and illustrated a memoir of his time in Iraq and the Middle East: it gives a lively account of flying the large biplanes of the period over difficult desert terrain, and also provides a sharply focussed, and sometimes lyrical description of the landscape and people of the region. <mask> joined the Directing Staff at the RAF Staff College in 1927 and then went on to be the Officer Commanding the Oxford University Air Squadron in 1930, Deputy Director of Repair and Maintenance at the Air Ministry in 1932 and Air Officer Commanding Palestine & Transjordan Command in 1936. During the Second World War <mask> was Director-General of Research and Development at the Air Ministry and then Commandant of the RAF Staff College from 1942. He was appointed Air Officer Commanding No. 12 Group in 1943 and then served as Commander-in-Chief of Fighter Command (also briefly called the Air Defence of Great Britain during his command) from 1943 to 1945. Under his command the RAF was able to deal a blow to the German Luftwaffe's strategic bombing campaign during Operation Steinbock.After the war <mask> was Air Member for Training and then Air Member for Technical Services before retiring in 1948. In retirement he became Rector of Imperial College. In 1953 he was nominated Vice-Chancellor of London University, before ill-health forced him to resign in the following year before completing his term of office. Personal life
Befitting of his original ambition to be an architect, <mask> was a talented illustrator. During the First World War, and for a time afterwards, he was a frequent contributor of drawings to Flight. <mask> married Mabel Helen Catherine Morton in 1917. They had two daughters and an only son who was killed in action in 1944.He died from a coronary thrombosis near St Bartholomew's Hospital. See also
 List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of London

Notes

References

External links

Imperial College London – Sir <mask> M<mask>
Obituary in Flight Magazine

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1894 births
1954 deaths
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Recipients of the Military Cross
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Alumni of University College London
Vice-Chancellors of the University of London
Rectors of Imperial College London
People educated at Bradfield College
British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
Royal Northumberland Fusiliers officers
People from Hampstead
Military personnel from London
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Flying Corps officers

masks:
Sir Roderic Maxwell Hill
Roderic Maxwell Hill
Michaiah John Muller Hill
. Hill
George Francis Hill
Roderic
Roderic
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Roderic
. Hill


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<mask>. Erskine-Smith  (born June 15, 1984) is a Canadian politician. A member of the Liberal Party, he is a Member of Parliament, representing Beaches-East York. Erskine-Smith became the youngest MP to be elected in the Greater Toronto Area on October 19, 2015, after a successful grassroots open nomination in December 2014. He successfully retained his seat in the 2019 federal election. Erskine-Smith sits on the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. He also occupies an executive role on the committee of the Canadian Group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) as a past president. Prior to entering politics, Erskine-Smith was a lawyer at a commercial litigation firm downtown Toronto.He supplemented his practice with volunteer legal work for a range of clients and causes, which included fighting public interest matters in court, and research for the Canadian Civil Liberties Association. Erskine-Smith hosts a weekly podcast series, titled Uncommons: Canadian Politics with <mask>-Smith, in which he seeks out experts from his work and travels in Ottawa and Toronto to discuss on topics in the news and general matters of interest to the public. Early life and education
Erskine-Smith was born in Toronto, Ontario and grew up in Beaches-East York and attended Bowmore Elementary School and Malvern Collegiate. His parents Sara Erskine and Lawrence Smith were public school teachers. He obtained a B.A. (Politics) in 2007 and a J.D. (Law) in 2010 from Queen's University at Kingston.While a student at Queen's, Erskine-Smith was an unsuccessful candidate for city council for Sydenham District in Kingston, Ontario, in the 2006 municipal elections. He then went on to study political philosophy and constitutional law at the University of Oxford, where he earned a Master of Laws (BCL) degree in 2013

Legal career

Erskine-Smith practised commercial litigation as an associate at Kramer Simaan Dhillon, after working as a law student at Aird & Berlis LLP. He also performed volunteer work for the Canadian Civil Liberties Association. He worked pro bono for a range of clients and causes, including a civil liberties case to protect religious freedom in Ontario's school system. In that noteworthy pro bono civil liberties case in 2014, Erskine-Smith successfully argued against compulsory religious studies at publicly funded high schools in Ontario. Election results
In the 2015 federal election Erskine-Smith was the winning Liberal candidate in the riding of Beaches-East York. He defeated New Democrat incumbent Matthew Kellway by 10,345 votes.Erskine-Smith became the youngest MP elected from the Greater Toronto Area. In the 2019 federal election, Erskine-Smith was re-elected with 32,647 total votes, which was the all-time largest margin of victory of 20,204 votes and the all-time largest share of the vote (57.2%) in Beaches-East York's history. Legislation & Parliament

42nd Parliament (2015-2019)

Committee work
Erskine-Smith served as a member of the Public Safety and National Security Committee, and as the Vice-Chair of the Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics committee in the 42nd parliament. Other roles
He served as the president of the Canadian group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union for a one-year term in 2016. In that capacity, he delivered a speech about youth in politics at an IPU meeting in Zambia. Independence
Erskine-Smith has been called Canada's most independent parliamentarian, having set records for voting against his own party. The Toronto Star has described him as “a breath of fresh air,” and Ottawa's “least predictable MP.”

He has voted against party lines when arguing for better assisted dying laws, declaring ISIS guilty of genocide, expunging cannabis possession records, ending public fossil fuel subsidies, among other issues, and he maintains a public record to explain each dissenting vote.Erskine-Smith has written and spoken about the need for greater independence in Parliament, and to highlight the importance of thoughtful and respectful disagreement. For example, in an op-ed in The Toronto Star, he wrote:

“No political party represents our views perfectly. We find the party that best represents our views and values, and we engage, debate and organize to bring both our party and country closer to those objectives. I am a Liberal MP and I continue to support our Liberal government. But that does not mean that I support every government action taken, or that I ought to refrain from public disagreement. In contrast to blind partisan loyalty, we promised to empower MPs and their communities through more free votes in the House of Commons.”

Animal welfare and Bill C-246
In 2015, Erskine-Smith seconded Bill S-203, the Ending the Captivity of Whales and Dolphins Act, that became law in June 2019. The bill prohibits the captivity of cetaceans and requires permits to import and export them to and from Canada.Erskine-Smith spoke to the house about the importance of the bill in June 2018. On February 26, 2016, Erskine-Smith introduced Bill C-246, the Modernizing Animal Protections Act, to ban the import of shark fins and make Canada's animal cruelty laws tougher. The bill won support from EndCruelty, a coalition of Canadians who support stronger animal protection laws. Due to concerns from animal use lobbyists, the bill was defeated 198 to 84 at second reading. Two years later, a government bill addressing similar concerns was tabled by Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould. She acknowledged Erskine-Smith's efforts as a precursor to the government's legislation. The defeat of Erskine-Smith's Bill C-246 led to the creation of the Liberal Animal Welfare Caucus in 2017.On September 5, 2017, Erskine-Smith wrote a piece in Now Magazine addressing his veganism and the importance of a social change towards the treatment of animals. Animal welfare awards
In 2016, Erskine-Smith received the Humane Legislator Award from Animal Justice for his efforts to modernize Canada's federal animal protection laws with Bill C-246. In 2017, Erskine-Smith received the Fur-Bearers’ Clements award for his dedication to improving the lives of animals with Bill C-246. In 2019, Erskine-Smith was awarded the Toronto Vegetarian Association Lisa Grill Compassion for Animals Award for his compassion and commitment toward animals. He was also recognized by Humane Canada for his dedication to ending animal abuse. Climate action and Bill C-454
In October 2018, Erskine-Smith called an emergency debate on climate change in Parliament in response to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's special report on global warming. He requested action to be taken by the government and Canadians to ensure that Canada can reduce its emissions and reach the targeted goals.On June 5, 2019, Erskine-Smith introduced Bill C-454, the Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Act, to require the Government of Canada to reduce GHG emissions to net zero by 2050. Drug policy reform and Bill C-460
Erskine-Smith believes that the war on drugs has been a failure. He has been a vocal supporter of cannabis legalization and regulation, and has called for a new approach to treat drug use as a health issue. In February 2016, Erskine-Smith represented the Canadian government's pro-marijuana legalization views to a joint United Nations/Inter-Parliamentary Union conference reviewing how different countries were dealing with illegal drugs. He partnered with Mexican Senator Laura Rojas to argue that countries should seek alternatives to incarceration in cases where individuals have drugs solely for personal use. In early January 2017, Erskine-Smith published an op-ed in Vice News Canada calling for the decriminalization of all drug possession as a logical next step to the government's progressive drug policy. In late January 2017, Erskine-Smith delivered a speech in the House of Commons in support of Bill C-37, to expand access to safe injection clinics across Canada.In the first episode of the television series Political Blind Date in 2017, Erskine-Smith and Conservative MP Garnett Genuis discussed their differing perspectives on the legalization of marijuana in Canada. Erskine-Smith introduced a Liberal caucus policy resolution to address the opioid crisis through a public health approach, and it was adopted as the second overall priority by the grassroots Liberal membership at the Liberal Policy Convention in Halifax in April 2018. Bill C-460
To ensure more people access treatment, Erskine-Smith introduced a bill to remove criminal sanctions for low-level possession and to reduce the stigma associated with seeking treatment. In 2018, Erskine-Smith appeared on CBC's Power & Politics to speak about his disappointment in the Liberal government's signing of the United States’ ‘War on Drugs’ document. He argued it brought the conversation about drugs away from a health issue, which ran counter to his push for drug decriminalization and domestic policy at the time. Cannabis record expungement
Erskine-Smith seconded a bill introduced by NDP MP Murray Rankin. In March 2019, Erskine-Smith wrote an op-ed for NOW Magazine where he discussed his support for MP Rankin's bill, stating that only expungements would address the injustice of cannabis criminalization.Privacy work
In 2017, Erskine-Smith traveled to Washington  with the Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics committee to attend a congressional hearing on the Equifax data breach, and met with Congressmen from the Digital Commerce subcommittee, with Facebook privacy experts, and with officials from the Federal Trade Commission. In May 2018, Erskine-Smith scrutinized Facebook  officials at the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics  regarding the Cambridge Analytica scandal and the extent of privacy breaches for Canadians. In 2018, Erskine-Smith participated as the Canadian delegation in the U.K.’s International Grand Committee on social media and disinformation. In total, 24 officials from 9 countries representing 447 million people participated. In June 2018, Erskine-Smith introduced Bill-C413, an Act to amend the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, to give new powers for the Privacy Commissioner to better protect our privacy. In May 2019, Erskine-Smith participated in the Canadian delegation of the International Grand Committee  to meet with representatives from Google, Facebook and Twitter, among others. The Silicon Valley representatives were asked to defend their companies' records on protecting users' data.In August 2019, Erskine-Smith wrote an op-ed for the Toronto Star expressing his desire for the right to be forgotten. He explained that in an increasingly connected, online world citizens should have the right to hide content published about them from search engines if the individual’s privacy is being seriously violated. 43rd Parliament (2019-2021)

Committee work
Erskine-Smith is a member of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. 2020 Private members bills
Erskine-Smith introduced two bills in February 2020. Bill C-235
This bill would delete the drug possession offence from the Criminal Code. Bill C-236
This bill would provide diversion options to law enforcement, crown attorneys, and judges for drug possession cases. 44th Parliament (2022- )

Emergencies Act

In response to the occupation of downtown Ottawa by the so-called "Freedom Convoy", the government enacted the Emergencies Act.With Ottawa streets being largely cleared of protesters by the time of the vote, Erskine-Smith's Speech to Parliament condemned the protests, but questioned the use of the Act, and its approval after the clearance. He ultimately voted with the Act, as it was a confidence motion. Personal life
Erskine-Smith was raised vegetarian, and is now vegan. He has Crohn's disease. Erskine-Smith married Amelia (Amy) Symington, a prominent Toronto vegan chef and nutritionist, on her family farm in Camlachie, Ontario. The two met in an undergraduate film studies course at Queen's University. They have two sons, Mackinlay, born in 2016, and Crawford, born in 2019.Erskine-Smith is a sports enthusiast who grew up playing baseball at Ted Reeve and Stan Wadlow in Beaches - East York. He also pitched  for the varsity baseball team at Queen's University and University of Oxford.

masks:
Nathaniel B
Nathaniel Erskine


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<mask> (born 27 September 1950), better known as <mask>, is an English vocalist, songwriter and guitarist. She is the eldest of six children, three of whom also had singing careers. She is best known for the singles "Rock-a-Doodle-Doo" (1973), "Sideway Shuffle" (1973) and her version of Betty Everett's "Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)" (1975), and for albums such as Lark (1972), Not a Little Girl Anymore (1975), Woman Overboard (1977) and the later Second Nature (1995), which became successful in countries such as Japan. <mask> also provided vocals for others such as David Bowie, Al Kooper, Cat Stevens, Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel, Rick Wakeman, Rod Stewart, Peter Bardens, Hummingbird, Joan Armatrading and Jamiroquai. <mask> is a self-taught guitarist and keyboard player, influenced by Harry Nilsson, Billie Holiday and Smokey Robinson, also drawing inspiration from others such as Joni Mitchell. Her music blends folk, funk and soul. Biography

1960s
<mask> was born in West Ham, Essex.At the age of three she was sent to stage school and was regularly cast in non-speaking television and film roles such as A Taste of Honey (1961) and as a screaming fan in the first Beatles film A Hard Day's Night (1964); she also sang to the public for money. She joined The Q Set, a British band who performed ska and blue beat, Jamaican-style music. In 1964, she sang "Dancing in the Streets" with John Lee Hooker at a club in Southend-on-Sea. Hooker introduced her to Ian Samwell, who arranged for Don Arden to manage her. She signed with Polydor and recorded the single "You Turned My Bitter into Sweet", which is now a collectable Northern Soul record. Polydor worried that her name, <mask>, would be confused with <mask>, who was also signed to Polydor. Fredericks used the name <mask> in honour of singer <mask>.The surname would also be used professionally by her sisters, <mask> and <mask>, and her mother. 1970s
During 1967, <mask> formed White Rabbit with Junior Marvin, moving on to replace Marsha Hunt in the soul rock band The Ferris Wheel in 1970 and touring Europe with them. She also recorded the album Ferris Wheel (1970) and the single "Can't Stop Now" with them before the band broke up the same year. On 19 September 1970, <mask> appeared at the first Glastonbury Festival (where she jammed with Terry Reid and David Lindley), having been booked by the DJ and concert booker Jeff Dexter. After a chance meeting with Warner Bros. Records executive Ian Ralfini, <mask> signed to Warner Bros. Records imprint label Reprise. <mask> also worked as a session vocalist in this period, which led to her appearance on albums such as Possible Projection of the Future by Al Kooper, David Bowie's Aladdin Sane (1973), Cat Stevens's Catch Bull at Four (1972) and Hummingbird's first album Hummingbird (1975). She then signed to Family's new Warner Brothers distributed "Raft" label.Her first hit single "Rock-a-Doodle-Doo" reached No. 15 in the UK Singles Chart in the summer of 1973,
and it was followed by the album Fathoms Deep, which featured former Jeff Beck group guitarist Bobby Tench. This album established her as one of Britain's most promising young female singer-songwriters and was critically acclaimed, but it did not have the expected success, probably due to Raft Records becoming insolvent at that time. However, several appearances on the BBC TV show Top of the Pops raised her profile, and an extensive world tour with Cat Stevens followed. On her return to the studio, she signed to Arista Records and recorded what would become her breakthrough album Not a Little Girl Anymore (1975), which featured Allen Toussaint and the Tower of Power horn section. A cover of "The Shoop Shoop Song" was released as a single, under the title of "It's in his Kiss", at the same time as Not a Little Girl Anymore, reaching No. 6 in the UK Album Chart.On 5 July 1975, <mask> opened the Knebworth Festival, being followed by Roy Harper, Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band, the Steve Miller Band and Pink Floyd. She sings on the Go Too album, released in 1977, with Jess Roden. Three more albums followed over the next few years. In 1986 and 1987, she recorded with her sisters Dee and Shirley as <mask>, then as <mask> Sisters. 1980s–present
During the next decade, <mask> retreated from public life and moved to Los Angeles, although in 1984, she again appeared at the Glastonbury Festival, as well as recording for Electricity Records. In 1992, she worked on the Joan Armatrading album Square the Circle as a backing vocalist, along with her sister Shirley and Sylvia Mason-James. She then returned to record Second Nature (1995), which found success in the Japanese charts.Its success led to live performances, which were recorded and released as On the Stage – Live in Japan (1996). Three more albums followed. Warner Bros. Records released Reach for the Truth: The Best of the Reprise Years (2002), an anthology of her work during the previous thirty years. This was followed by BMG releasing The Best of Linda <mask> (2003), which included her hit singles. During 2003 she also appeared at the Glastonbury Festival, and was filmed by BBC Television whilst she appeared on the Jazz and World Stage. Her song "Old Smokey" was used by the rapper Common, on his single "Go!" (2005), which appeared on his album Be (2005).This was produced by Kanye West and reached No. 1 on the United States R&B and Hip Hop charts. She recorded Live in Old Smokey (2006), which featured new and previously released songs and toured the United Kingdom the same year. On 28 October 2006, The National Portrait Gallery opened an exhibit entitled Photographs 1965–2006, this featured a portrait by <mask>'s former husband Jim Cregan and other sitters, such as Shirley Bassey. In 2007, she toured with the Soul Britannia All Stars in the United Kingdom, and on 3 February 2007, BBC Four featured performances by <mask>, in a sixty-minute recording of a Barbican show with The Soul Britannia All Stars. In June of the same year, she collaborated with Basement Jaxx on "Close Your Eyes", which featured in the Japanese anime film Vexille. Critical reception
<mask> has a five-octave vocal range.Charles Waring of Blues & Soul magazine described her vocal range, as heard on The Best of <mask> (2003), as "powerful". In her review of <mask>'s album Second Nature (1995) for Allmusic, Amy Hanson described <mask>'s voice as "remarkable and dynamic". Of <mask>'s ability to sing in the whistle register, Hanson comments in her review of Lark (1972), "No longer a wild weapon that can soar from childlike lilt to screaming dog whistle without a moment's notice, she channels her range to the emotions it demands." <mask>'s voice has also been compared to that of Mariah Carey. Reviewer Melissa Weber commented that her voice had similarities to that of Minnie Riperton, and that <mask> had "a wider vocal range [than Riperton], with the ability to sing in a lower register." Discography

Studio albums
Chart positions from the UK Album Chart
 Say No More (Reprise, 1971)
 Lark (Reprise, 1972)
 Fathoms Deep (Raft, 1973)
 Not a Little Girl Anymore (Arista, 1975)
 Woman Overboard (Arista, 1977)
 Hacienda View (Ariola, 1979)
 A Tear and a Smile (Epic, 1983)
 Second Nature (Sony, 1995)
 Whatever... (Turpin, 1997)
 Kiss of Life (Turpin, 1999)

Live albums
 Born Performer: Live in Japan (Sony, 1996)
 Live in Old Smokey (Market Place, 2006)
 Hampstead Days (The BBC Recordings) (Troubadour, 2014)

Collaboration
 Have You Noticed? Ludmilla featuring <mask> (Reprise, 1993)

Compilations
 Heart Strings (Reprise, 1974)
 The Best of <mask> (Compilation) (BMG, 1996)
 Best of Linda Lewis (Camden, 1997)
 Reach for the Truth: Best of the Reprise Years 1971–74 (Rhino, 2002)
 Legends (Compilation) (BMG, 2005)
 Hampstead Days (Previously unreleased 1970s sessions and concert material) 2014

Singles

References

Additional sources
Joynson, Vernon.The Tapestry of Delights – The Comprehensive Guide to British Music of the Beat, R&B, Psychedelic and Progressive Eras 1963–1976. Borderline (2006). Reprinted (2008). Roberts, David. British Hit Singles & Albums. 19th edition. Guinness World Records Limited (2006).External links
Official <mask> website
<mask> Lewis Myspace

1950 births
Living people
20th-century Black British women singers
English session musicians
English rock guitarists
English pop guitarists
English women singer-songwriters
English women guitarists
People from West Ham
Singers from London
20th-century British guitarists
21st-century British guitarists
21st-century Black British women singers
Streetwalkers members

masks:
Linda Ann Fredericks
Linda Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Linda Fredericks
Linda Fredericks
Linda Kendrick
Linda Lewis
Barbara Lewis
Dee Lewis
Shirley Lewis
Linda Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Linda Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Linda Lewis
Linda Lewis
Linda Lewis
Linda


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<mask> (born 1943) is a San Francisco Bay Area artist, known for eclectic short films, documentaries about women, art, aging and health, and mixed-media artwork employing digital and analog modes. Her films combine humor, honesty and an interest in everyday experiences; while not strictly autobiographical, her work often explores issues that parallel her own life cycle. The San Francisco Examiner described her early short films as "witty combinations" of music and imagery, formal experimentation, clever editing and rewarding interviews, "infused with arch satire"; Amalia Mesa-Bains wrote that her documentaries create "that special mix of common sense, irony and human insight [that] inspires us to talk more, laugh a lot and trust each other." Sher's films have screened at the Kennedy Center and the London, Edinburgh, Hong Kong and Raindance international film festivals, and been broadcast on PBS and public television networks throughout the world; they have been recognized with awards from the American Film Institute, National Education Media Arts Fest, and the Mill Valley and Bare Bones International film festivals, among others. Her art has been exhibited internationally and belongs to the public collections including the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAM/PFA). Sher lives and works in Oakland, California and exhibits with the collective, Mercury 20 Gallery. Early life and education
<mask> was born and raised in Washington, D.C. She attended Smith College before studying at the San Francisco Art Institute and University of California, Berkeley where she earned a BA (1964) and an MA in Painting and Printmaking (1967).She was influenced by Bay Area Figurative artists Elmer Bischoff and Gordon Cook, who encouraged her interest in art that reaches viewers in a clear, direct way, but has often noted the lack of female mentors in that era. In the 1970s, Sher built a reputation as a printmaker and painter with complex prints and mixed-media works noted for their technical virtuosity, rich surfaces, dynamic compositions and sense of light. She drew particular attention (and a San Francisco Art Festival award) for her "Rope" series, a largely abstract body of work that explored the formal and expressive possibilities of rope and incorporated photography, etching, serigraphy, collage, gestural drawing and painting, and sculptural elements. Artweek wrote that she "transform[ed] a common object and its idiomatic associations into evocative visual metaphor." In 1979, Sher began teaching drawing and painting at California College of the Arts (CCA). By that time, she had become disillusioned with the art-world/gallery system and began to explore technology and 16mm film, seeking a less hierarchical and proscribed form of expression that might reach a wider audience and include humor. While she continued to make art, her public career focused on film and video over the next three decades, produced through the company she founded in 1979, I. V. Studios.During that period, she continued to teach art at CCA until retiring as Professor of Art Emerita in 2011. Work
Despite apparent differences, Sher's two main areas of work—mixed-media art and films and videos—share a process-based approach involving framing and editing. She cites multimedia artists Lynn Hershman Leeson, William Kentridge and Bruce Conner as influential for their movement between still and moving images. Sher's film themes center on women, art and healthy aging—sometimes in conjunction—and have been noted for their humor and comic timing, feminist slant, and insight. Her themes loosely pace the decades and challenges of her own life: adolescence, motherhood (30s), menopause and marriage (40s and 50s), aging (60s), health and full living (70s). Short films
Sher's first film, The Training (1979), set the course for much of her future work, combining humor, common experiences and pointed observation; the deadpan, black-and-white work—which blends Army training footage and scenes shot in her home—was inspired by a militaristic manual on toilet training she received and tried. In the rock-video spoof Too Young to Date (1981) and Pearls (1984), Sher explored prepubescent sexuality and fantasy; the manic, serio-comic Juggling (1981) features punk rocker Sue Mutant as a beleaguered artist/housewife struggling to balance career, marriage and motherhood.In the early 1980s, Sher turned to the more populist (and affordable) video format, often packaging works together in a fast-paced program called I. V. Magazine. The San Francisco Examiner and others noted the subversive and eclectic quality of its pop-culture vignettes, commercial parodies, cringe humor and critique, and experimental color graphics, as well as the value of its matter-of-fact, unadorned people profiles. I. V. Magazine's subjects ranged from a painterly, salsa-scored trip through a car wash in a low-rider (Wash It) to arcade games (Beat It), a punk-rock scored look at dog shows (Famous Dogs), and kiddie beauty pageants (Be a Winner); the Kansas City Star compared its depictions of fringe culture to the work of Diane Arbus. Sher's videos also focused on gender relations and women's work. Check Up (1984) is a feminist send-up of mid-life gynecological exams—insensitive male doctors and all; My Mom's a Cop (1984), portrays a woman's empowering and invigorating career change from French teacher to policewoman. Two videos examine sexuality: the funny-sad Community Service (1984) offers an inside view of phone sex work, while Celluloid Seduction (1991) is an early examination of the issue of consent. A later satire, Stalls (2004), attacks the gender inequality of public restroom access, offering creative strategies for women to beat long lines.In addition to short films, Sher produced, directed and edited the independent feature, Just Another Weekend (1989), a Christmas-set comedy that explored the phases of love relationships—from dating to mature accommodation—through three couples. Documentary films
Sher often pursues documentary subjects based on her own personal challenges, as in the award-winning Approaching the 14th Moon (1993), which examines the "silent passage" of menopause. Critics describe it as "unexpectedly entertaining, charming and affirming," dramatic and offbeat in its presentation of information and the personal, intimate insights of more than forty diverse women. 14th Moon led to a companion work, When Women Go Through Menopause, Where Do Men Go? (1996), which combined Mal Sharpe's humorous man-in-the-street interviews, information, cartoons, and frank and hopeful discussions with men about the effects of menopause on relationships and their own (largely hidden) concerns about aging and sexuality, empty-nest syndrome and retirement. With Younger Thinner Smoother (2000), Sher seriously explored and poked fun at her Baby Boomer generation's fear of aging and the parallel growth of the plastic surgery industry. Reviewers write that the film "deftly skewers American's obsession with cosmetic surgery,"  while contextualizing the trend socially and historically; Sher enlivens a potentially uncomfortable subject with cartoons, sound effects, a Twilight Zone-like dream sequence and cleverly edited old movie clips, in addition to candid interviews with regular people (herself included) and explorations of Botox parties and "surgery vacations."Her later film, Rituals of Remembrance: Exploring the Art of Mourning (2016 with Maggie Simpson Adams), has been described as a heartening "meditation on processing loss through celebration, closure, and community," which explores Victorian era, Mexican Dia de Muertos, and American DIY mourning practices. In the 2000s, Sher created several portraits of women, offering audiences the role models she lacked in her youth. Alma’s Jazzy Marriage (2004, with Mal and Sandra Sharpe) recalled the colorful life of the strong-willed Alma Foster, jazz enthusiast and wife of influential bassist George "Pops" Foster, from early days with Louis Armstrong in New Orleans, through the Golden Age in Harlem to later life and jazz in San Francisco. Her intimate and affectionate Bella Bella (2007) weaves art, romance and health in a portrait of Bay Area septuagenarian sculptor Bella Feldman as she moves forward and continues taking risks after her husband's death, amid unfolding health problems and a new transatlantic relationship. The multi-award-winning Penny (2014) focuses on internationally renowned criminal defense attorney, feminist, LGBT activist and collector of women's art, Penny Cooper (known as "champion of the marginalized"),  who was at the center of some of the last half-century's most profound social changes. Sher has also created portraits of artist and feminist Edith Hillinger, chef Weezie Mott, artist Carmen Lomas Garza, dancer-choreographer Margaret Jenkins, and teacher, interpreter trainer and deaf comic, Evelyn Zola, among others. Later art and artist books
In the 2000s, Sher renewed her interest in exhibiting artwork, spurred in part by new opportunities to combine digital and hand-made modes in works on paper, canvas and metal, and artist books.Her later work examines place and the environment, as well as the roles of perception, sight and memory, and the construction of narrative in human understanding. She often focuses strongly on materials and process, as in the show "Crossing the Digital Divide" (2016), which featured mixed-media images that moved back and forth through various hand-made and digital manipulations. Her 2011 artist book, Blog, consists of a box containing a large, Torah-like scroll, filled with daily automatic writing in a self-devised alphabet that has been compared visually to Chinese. Much of Sher's later work is inspired by artist residencies abroad, during which she accumulates small drawings and paintings, photographs and video that serve as source material upon return. Her show, "Morocco: Seen and Unseen" (2019), filtered North African culture through her experience as a visitor, pairing local colors and tourist-themed photos (camels, mosques) with wooden screens suggesting mashrabiyas—"harem windows" used to for privacy and shielding from male gazes (e.g., Filtered View #1). Sher's artist books, Nuggets (2009), 7 Days in Otranto (2015) and Snow Lines (2018) arose, respectively, out of residencies in New Zealand, Italy and Iceland, where the loss of snow on glaciers inspired her work. Awards and public recognition
Sher has received Roy Dean Film and Fleishhacker Foundation Small Arts grants and awards from the Anheuser-Busch and Harris foundations, Pacific Pioneer Documentary Fund, and National Endowment for the Arts/American Film Institute Fellowship Fund for her film work.She has won awards from numerous film festivals, including Mill Valley and Intendence (Penny, 2015), Bare Bones International (Younger Thinner Smoother, 2001), and the National Education Media Arts Fest (Approaching the 14th Moon, 1994). Sher has been awarded artist residencies from Green Olive Arts (Morocco, 2018) Gullkistan Residency (Iceland, 2016, 2012), BAU Institute (Italy, 2014), Can Serrat (Barcelona, 2010) and New Pacific Studio (New Zealand, 2008). Her art belongs to the public collections of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, BAM/PFA, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Austin Museum of Art, Oakland Museum of California, San Jose Museum of Art, and U.S. Embassy, among others. Selected director filmography
All works video unless noted. References

External links
Elizabeth Sher / I. V. Studios official website
Elizabeth Sher artist page, Mercury 20 Gallery

21st-century American artists
American women film directors
Feminist artists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Artists from California
1943 births
Living people
21st-century American women artists

masks:
Elizabeth Sher
Elizabeth Sher


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<mask> (; born 30 March 1982) is a French former professional footballer who played as a centre back. He represented Auxerre, Roma and AC Milan at club level. At international level, he played for the France national team. Club career

Auxerre
<mask> was born in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne. He began his youth career at Auxerre, at age 12. He began training at Bastille, the youth team, where he quickly became one of the key players for youth squads in which he captained them to many cups. With the senior squad, he won the 2003 Coupe de France.Roma

Mexès was signed to a four-year contract by Roma in June 2004. Roma was later found guilty of misconduct, as AJ Auxerre, his previous club, did not agree to the transfer; it was solely the decision of the player. <mask> was suspended, but later the ban was temporarily lifted. <mask> played his first Serie A match on 12 September 2004 against Fiorentina. In February 2005, the appeal on the six-week ban was rejected and <mask> was suspended until April. The saga was eventually settled by Mexès, or Roma would have had to pay Auxerre €7 million. After a difficult first season with the Capitoline club, <mask> began the 2005–06 campaign on the bench.Roma's transfer misconduct in the purchase of <mask> led to the club's being suspended in 2005 from signing players other than free agents, but the ban temporarily lifted in August. As the club did not sign anyone due to the ban, he became a key player for Luciano Spalletti's squad. <mask> played nine out of a possible ten games for Roma in UEFA Cup competitions. He also played in the final of 2005–06 Coppa Italia. The Giallorossi finished fifth in Serie A, initially qualifying only for the next year's UEFA Cup, but due to the 2006 Italian football scandal, Roma were awarded second, allowing <mask> to play for the first time in the UEFA Champions League. As one of the key players of Roma, he formed a central defensive partnership with Cristian Chivu. The club reached the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League quarter-finals.The club faced Inter Milan again at 2006–07 Coppa Italia Final. <mask>, partnering with Matteo Ferrari, Cristian Chivu, and Christian Panucci on defence, helped Roma to a 7–4 aggregate victory, including a 6–2 first leg win. The Giallorossi also finished second in Serie A with the third lowest goals conceded total. <mask> signed a new five-year contract, in which he would earn €4.5 million in the first year, increasing to €5 million by the last year, in gross annual salary (pre-taxed salary). The Giallorossi reached the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League quarter-finals for the second straight year, but lost to eventual champions Manchester United for the second time in the same year. In Serie A, Roma narrowed an 11-point gap with Inter and eventually finished second behind Inter, three points back. At the 2008 Coppa Italia Final, <mask> scored the opening goal for Roma, and the Giallorossi went on to win 2–1, defending their title.With <mask> in defence, Roma qualified for the knockout stage of the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League. <mask> missed the second leg against Arsenal and Roma lost in 6–7 penalty shoot-out. Roma's defence, however, conceded the fifth highest number of goals in Serie A. In Roma's first UEFA Europa League match on 30 July 2009, <mask> scored on a Francesco Totti free kick, giving Roma a draw. Although he received slightly less playing time with the arrival of Nicolás Burdisso on loan from Inter, <mask> contributed to a defence, which helped Roma finish second in Serie A. In the latter part of 2010, he reclaimed his spot in the team. On 3 April 2011, <mask> had to be substituted early in the second half in a Serie A match with Juventus, because of an injury to his left knee.After the match, it was revealed that he had cruciate ligament damage. Two days after the injury, he came through a successful operation. In an interview after his operation, <mask> responded to speculation that he had played his last match for Roma. With his contract due to expire in June 2011, he hinted that he would be leaving, likely to sign with AC Milan. AC Milan

On 10 May 2011, Milan CEO Adriano Galliani announced that <mask> would play for Milan the following season, stating the completion of a transfer for <mask>. <mask> was handed the squad number 5, the same number he had at Roma. He played his first unofficial match for the club in their Primavera, the youth team of Milan.He played only 45 minutes as the game was intended as to aid his recovery from his long term knee injury. On 26 October 2011, he made his debut in Serie A with Milan, in the home match won 4–1 against Parma. He made 24 appearances for Milan in his debut season, and was the club's third choice central defender behind starting duo Alessandro Nesta and Thiago Silva. The next season, both Nesta and Silva had left the club, while Villareal's Cristián Zapata had been brought in. <mask> and Zapata became Milan's first choice central defensive duo and conceded just 12 goals in the second half of the 2012–13 Serie A season. <mask> scored his first goal for Milan with a spectacular bicycle kick from 20 metres on 21 November 2012, in a 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group match against Anderlecht that was rated one of the best goals of the year. <mask> scored his first goal for Milan in Serie A on 20 May 2013, in the last minutes of the game, giving Milan a third-place finish in the league and their qualification for next year's Champions League.<mask> scored his first goal of the 2013–14 season in a 3–1 home win against Cagliari, scoring the second goal of the match in the 30th minute of play. He remained a key part of Milan's back four during the season. In a Serie A match against Juventus, <mask> received a second bookable offence late on in the game for a punch on Juventus' Giorgio Chiellini, a punch which subsequently earned him a four match suspension. <mask> has been Milan's standout performer so far this season as the Rossoneri have proved very disappointing in the league, standing at 6th, 12 points off leaders Juventus. Inzaghi also has acknowledged <mask>, along fellow countrymen Rami and Ménez, as his team's main offensive threat, ahead of the likes of Torres and El Shaarawy. On 8 July 2015, Milan announced <mask> had signed a contract extension to keep him at the club until 2016. In November 2015, <mask> was nominated for the FIFA Puskás Award for his goal in an International Champions Cup friendly match against Inter, a well struck volley from the edge of the area, on 25 July.On 25 May 2016, club owner Silvio Berlusconi announced his departure, along with those of Kevin-Prince Boateng and Mario Balotelli. After leaving Milan, he did not find any club for over a year. In November 2017, he announced his retirement. International career

Mexès played for the under-18 and under-21 France national teams, as well as the senior team, where he was a squad member at the UEFA Euro 2012 competition. Personal life
<mask> and his ex-wife, Carla, have two children together. Their son, Enzo, was born on 1 June 2003, and their daughter, Eva, was born on 29 July 2007. His second daughter, Stella, with his current wife, Véronique, was born on 3 August 2012.Media
Mexès features in EA Sports' FIFA video game series; he was on the cover of the Italian edition of FIFA 12, alongside Giampaolo Pazzini, and global cover star Wayne Rooney. Career statistics

Club
Source:

International
Source:

International goals
France score listed first, score column indicates score after each Mexès goal. Honours
Auxerre
Coupe de France: 2002–03

Roma
Coppa Italia: 2006–07, 2007–08

AC Milan
Supercoppa Italiana: 2011

France U18
UEFA European Under-18 Championship: 2000

France
FIFA Confederations Cup: 2003

Individual
Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2002–03

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Toulouse
French footballers
France youth international footballers
France under-21 international footballers
France international footballers
Association football defenders
AJ Auxerre players
A.S. Roma players
A.C. Milan players
Ligue 1 players
Serie A players
2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players
UEFA Euro 2012 players
FIFA Confederations Cup-winning players
French expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Italy
French expatriate sportspeople in Italy

masks:
Philippe Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès
Mexès


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<mask> (born 19 May 1939) is a French organist, former holder of the Great Organ of the Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux church in Paris. Life
Born in Saint-Just-la-Pendue, <mask> was for a long time the holder of the Grandes Orgues de Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux and the Église Saint-Louis-en-l'Île in Paris. Founder and former head of the Department of early music at the , he is also a doctor of musicology: his thesis, defended in 1993 under the supervision of Danièle Pistone, is entitled L'orgue à Paris de 1964 à 1986. He is a regular guest at Radio France and the main festivals of the capital (Festival Estival, Festival d'Art Sacré), and has also given numerous concerts in the provinces and in Europe. He has also been executive producer at Radio France (France Musique) for organ cycles. In 2002, he launched a complete set of Bach' Cantatas in the Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux church, which was a great public success, is to last for more than twenty years and is now continuing to be performed in L'Oratoire du Louvre (1st arrondissement of Paris)

A long practice of the splendid Kern organ of the Blancs-Manteaux, extensive contacts with organ builders (in particular, Jürgen Ahrend, for an aborted project relative to St-Louis-en-l'Ile) and specialised interpreters led him to take a particular interest in the European baroque and classical repertoires. His research has taken the form of musical publications (works by G. A. Homilius, facsimile of J. S. Bach's The Art of Fugue), musicological (numerous articles), musicographic (J. S. Bach and the Organ, series.Que sais-je?) or educational (Manuel pratique d’Analyse). His discography includes several world premieres: in particular the organ work of Gottfried August Homilius, the first so-called "Weimar version" of J. S. Bach's Leipzig choirs, as well as the entire vocal and instrumental work of Jehan Alain on three CDs. These records have twice been awarded a Golden Orpheus from the  (in 1992 and 1996). His interest in contemporary repertoire has also led him to premiere important authors in France: Giacinto Scelsi, Pierre-Yves Level, Olivier Alain, Philippe Schœller, Michèle Reverdy, Jacques Castérède and Bernard Foccroulle. Discography
 Jehan Alain, Œuvres vocales et instrumentales (vol.1) – CD ARION  Orphée d'or 1992. Jehan Alain, Œuvres vocales et instrumentales (vol.2) – CD ARION Orphée d'or,1996
 Jehan Alain, Œuvres vocales et instrumentales (vol.3) – CD ARION
 Hans Leo Hassler, Organ pieces and polyphonic songs – CD Solciste
 Gaillac, l'orgue des Cavaillé with Delphine Collot– CD REM
 Gottfried-August Homilius, Organ works (world premiere) – CD ARION
 Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, Cantates bibliques et œuvres instrumentales, 2 CD ARION
 Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, Pièces pour clavier transcrites à l'orgue (world first.Orgue de la cathédrale d'Auch) - CD Jean-François Production JFP 2013

Bibliography
 J.S. Bach et l'orgue
 Manuel pratique d'analyse auditive, Éditions Transatlantiques

Publishing of musical works
 Gottfried August Homilius, Huit chorals, Paris, Ed. Musicales Transatlantiques, 1981, 22 p.
 Johann Sebastian Bach, Trio en sol mineur BWV 584, Paris, Ed. musicales Transatlantiques, 1978, 4 p.
 Johann Sebastian Bach, Choral Wo gehest du hin, extract of Cantata BWV 166 (transcription: GG), Paris, Ed. musicales Transatlantiques, 1981, 4 p.
 Johann Sebastian Bach, Choral Du Friedefürst, extract from Cantata BWV 143, (transcription: GG), Paris, Ed. musicales Transatlantiques, 1981, 2 pages. Johann Sebastian Bach, Fantasia con fuga, BWV 904 (revision and original adaptation for organ by GG), Paris, Ed.musicales Transatlantiques, 1981, 10 p.
 Johann Sebastian Bach, Prélude, Fugue et Allegro, BWV 998 (transcription, adaptation and fingering by GG), Ed. Delatour, 2002
 Johann Sebastian Bach, The Art of Fugue, facsimile of the copy made in 1833 by Alexandre Pierre François Boëly, ed. A.Zurfluh, 1985 1st modern edition)
 Bohuslav Matěj Černohorský, Fugue en la mineur (organ edition by Guillard), Ed. Delatour, 2002,
 Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, 1er Livre d' Orgue [3 Suites from the Harpsichord Books], adapted to the organ by <mask>, Ed. Delatour, 2002
 Johann Christoph Altnickol, Sonata per il cembalo solo [Allegro, Largo, Vivace], edition restored and annotated by Guillard, Ed. Delatour, 2002
 Johann Christoph Altnickol, Notenbüchlein [collection of 7 very short and easy pieces for beginners], Ed. Delatour, 2002
 Gottfried August Homilius, Motetto à trois chœurs a cappella (1st worldwide edition), Ed.Delatour, 2002
Musicological and pedagogical works
 Jean Sébastien BACH et l'Orgue, Paris, P.U.F., series Que sais-Je ?, 1987, 128 pages, out of print (8000 copies). 2nd ed. at A.Zurfluh, 2000. (translated into Swedish)
 Manuel Pratique d'Analyse auditive, Paris, Ed. Musicales Transatlantiques, 1982, 131 pages, (3rd edition - avec un CD incorporé)
 Robert Schumann, Album d’Orgue pour la Jeunesse, Pieces taken from Opus 68 and adapted for the organ in the form of a progressive method, Volume 1, Musical Editions of the Schola Cantorum, Fleurier, January 2013. Participation to collective publications
 Glenn Gould Pluriel, Québec, Louise Courteau, 1988, 278 p. Chapter about Glenn Gould, paradoxal organist. Guide de la Musique d'Orgue, under the direction of Gilles Cantagrel, Paris, Fayard, 1991, 840 pages, 2nd edition, 2013.<mask> wrote numerous articles on German Baroque music (J. S. Bach's predecessors) and contemporary music, in particular Jehan Alain, Petr Eben, Bernard Foccroulle, Guy Bovet and Giacinto Scelsi. Jehan Alain, Livre du Centenaire, under the direction of Aurélie Decourt, Les Presses Franciliennes, 2012. Article « L’orchestre « caché » de Jehan Alain ». Esquisse d’une réflexion sur J. Alain « orchestrateur », ou l’intuition d’un J. Alain orchestrateur-né. (8 pages)

References

External links
 Discography on Discogs
 <mask> dirige la Camerata Saint-Louis de Paris - La Passion selon saint Matthieu
 YouTube Jehan Alain, Première Fantaisie, Postlude pour l'Office de Complies, <mask> à la cathédrale Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Arnoux de Gap,
 YouTube J. S. Bach, Pièce d'Orgue (extr. ), <mask> à l'orgue Kern de l'église Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux à Paris. 1939 births
Living people
People from Loire (department)
French classical organists
French male organists
20th-century French musicologists
21st-century French musicologists
20th-century organists
21st-century organists
20th-century French male musicians
21st-century French male musicians

masks:
Georges Guillard
Guillard
Georges Guillard
Guillard
Georges Guillard
Georges Guillard
Georges Guillard


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<mask> () (16 November 1909 – 9 June 1982) was the third caliph (, khalīfatul masīh al-Thālith), head of the Ahmadiyya Community. He was elected as the third successor of <mask> on 8 November 1965, the day after the death of his predecessor and father, <mask>-ud-<mask>. Under his leadership, there was further expansion of missionary work started by his predecessor the second caliph, particularly in Africa and Europe. In 1974, he represented the Ahmadiyya Community in the National Assembly of Pakistan in an eleven-day inquisition. Despite his efforts, the National Assembly declared Ahmadis to be non-Muslims and he led the Community through this period of increased hostility and government repression. the Nusrat Jehan Scheme, a scheme dedicated to serving parts of Africa by running numerous medical clinics and schools was one of the many outcomes of his 1970 tour of West Africa, the first visit to the continent made by an Ahmadi caliph. In 1980, <mask> traveled to Spain, where he laid the foundation stone of the Basharat Mosque in Pedro Abad.The mosque was inaugurated posthumously in 1982 and was the first purpose-built mosque in Spain since the Reconquista and the Fall of Granada in 1492. <mask> <mask> also directed the compilation and arrangement of Ghulam <mask>'s literary output. The writings of Ghulam <mask>, which had hitherto been published as individual books, pamphlets or articles were compiled in the twenty-three volume corpus known as Rūhānī Khazā᾽in (Spiritual Treasures). His sayings and discourses were collected in the ten volume  Malfūzāt (spoken words) and his announcements and advertisements were published in three volumes under the title of Majmu'a Ishtihārāt (Collection of Flyers or Posters). Early life

<mask> <mask> was born in Qadian, India on 16 November 1909. His early education was both religious and secular. By the age of thirteen, with guidance from his father <mask>-ud-Din Mahmood <mask>, <mask> <mask> had committed all 114 chapters of the Qur’an to memory, making him a Hafiz.His father placed great emphasis on the acquisition of religious education. In pursuit of that goal, <mask> <mask> was enrolled at the Madrassa Ahmadiyya, Qadian, graduated with honors in July 1929. After graduation, he went through his post-secondary education and by 1934, obtained his Bachelor of Arts Degree from the Government College, Lahore. On 5 August 1934, <mask> <mask> married Syeda Mansoora Begum, a granddaughter of <mask> <mask> and eldest daughter of Nawab Muhammad Ali Khan of Malerkotla, India. Within a month of getting married, <mask> <mask> left India and proceeded for postgraduate studies to England. In England, he obtained Masters of Arts degree in the Tripos (P.P.E.) Political Science, Philosophy and Economics from Balliol College, University of Oxford.He impressed his college professors as a very well-behaved and deep-thinking student. During a subsequent visit to England, he met one of his former professors who welcomed him to his residence. The professor told other members of the Community that he had seen signs of leadership in <mask> <mask> and was certain that one day, he would be a leader. Before returning to India he visited Egypt for three months from July to November 1938 in order to improve his Arabic and to meet up with his brother <mask> <mask> to analyse the progress of the Community in Cairo. During his stay he also visited numerous sites of historical interest. In November 1938, he returned to the town of his birth, Qadian, where he was appointed a professor at Jamia Ahmadiyya, the missionary theological training college of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. In 1939, he was appointed principal where he remained for five years.From May 1944 to November 1965, he was principal of the Talim-ul-Islam College, first in Qadian, then after partition, in Rabwah, Pakistan. During the anti-Ahmadiyya riots in 1953, <mask> <mask> was imprisoned briefly but released on 28 May 1953. Upon his release, he served in various other offices of the community, until being elected as Khalifatul Masih after the demise of his father, Khalifatul Masih II. Caliphate
<mask> <mask> was elected as Khalifatul Masih III on 9 November 1965, shortly after Isha prayer at Mubarik Mosque in Rabwah, Pakistan. The Majlis Intikhab Khilafat (Electoral College) was presided by <mask> <mask>fatul Masih, he established the Fazl-e-Umar Foundation in honour and memory of the Khalifatul Masih <mask> Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood <mask>. One of the projects envisioned by the foundation was the construction of a library.In 1971, the Khilafat Library in Rabwah was inaugurated, which today houses over 100,000 books, rare manuscripts, a children's section and science displays. Africa
In 1970, Khalifatul Masih III embarked on a nine-week tour of various African countries. During his visit he attended numerous receptions held in his honour and inspected the educational, social as well as spiritual services rendered by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community of various African countries. He started the Nusret Jehan scheme and appealed for financial contributions from the community. Under this scheme, Ahmadi doctors and teachers are serving in various parts of Africa by running numerous medical clinics and secondary schools. Ahmadiyya and the National Assembly of Pakistan
Following the riots and violence against Ahmadis in 1974, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto faced considerable pressure from religious leaders to declare the Ahmadis non-Muslim. Consequently, legislation and constitutional changes were enacted, Ahmadis were socially boycotted and their religious practices were criminalised by preventing them from claiming to be Muslims or from "behaving" as Muslims.Thereafter the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community faced an eleven-day inquisition where <mask> <mask> himself and four other eminent Ahmadi scholars represented The Ahmadiyya Muslim community in the National Assembly of Pakistan. <mask> <mask> personally answered all the allegations that were made against Ahmadiyya. Eventually Ahmadis were declared non-Muslim by the National Assembly of Pakistan. London
In 1978,  <mask> <mask> traveled to London where the conference of Jesus’ Deliverance from the cross was held at the Commonwealth Institute in Kensington. This was attended by various scholars belonging to principal faiths who read their papers discussing the circumstances surrounding the Crucifixion of Jesus, after which the Ahmadiyya viewpoint regarding the death of Jesus was presented. Presentations were also given by Sir Zafrulla Khan and M.M<mask>.The Christian Church gave a statement dismissing the Ahmadiyya as not representing the teachings of Islam and refused to be drawn into the debate that had been re-opened by the discovery of the Shroud of Turin and now this conference. There were participants from Pakistan, India, Africa, Asia, Europe, and the United States. On this occasion <mask> <mask> also delivered a lecture on this issue. He dealt with the  subject of Jesus’ survival from death upon the cross, his travel to the east, the Unity of God, and expounded the status of Muhammad. Compilation of Ahmadiyya texts
During his Caliphate, <mask> <mask> is also known for having directed the compilation of the complete dreams, visions and verbal revelations claimed to have been received by <mask> <mask>, which had hitherto been published in various books of Ghulam <mask>, as well as various journals and newspapers. The compiled version of his entire revelations was published in the form of the Tazkirah. The complete dialogues or utterances of <mask> <mask> were also compiled under the directives of Khalifatul Masih III.This was published in the form of the Malfoozat, which include his discourses, speeches, question and answer sessions, sermons and casual sayings. Spain

In 1980, <mask> <mask> traveled to Spain, where he laid the foundation stone of the Basharat Mosque in Pedro Abad. This was the first mosque to be built in Spain in over 750 years. It was here he coined the motto "Love for All, Hatred for None". The construction of the mosque was not completed until after his death in 1982. Marriage, children, and family
<mask> <mask> married Sayyidah Mansoora Begum on 5 August 1934. She was the daughter of Nawab Muhammad 'Ali Khan of Malerkotla and Nawab Mubarka Begum, the daughter of <mask> <mask>.They had five children together:
son <mask> <mask>, (17 April 1937 - 18 December 2018). daughter Amatul Shakoor, (26 April 1940 - 3 September 2019). daughter Amatul Haleem, (born 29 January 1942). son <mask> <mask>, (born 4 March 1951). son <mask> <mask>, (born 9 November 1953). Shortly after the death of his wife Mansoora Begum, <mask> <mask> decided to remarry. On 11 April 1982, he married Tahira Siddiqua <mask>, daughter of Abdul Majeed Khan of Verowal.This marriage only lasted a few short months with the demise of <mask> <mask> on 9 June 1982. Death
In June 1982, while in Islamabad, Pakistan, <mask> <mask> suffered a severe heartattack. He died on 9 June 1982 at 12:45 p.m. <mask> <mask>'s body was taken to Rabwah where he was buried in Bahishti Maqbara, a cemetery established by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. After the election of  <mask> <mask> as Khalifatul Masih IV, his successor led the funeral prayer in Rabwah. Lectures and discourses
 A Message of Peace and a Word of Warning
 Message of Love and Brotherhood to Africa
 Khilafat and Mujadadiyyat

References

External links

Life Sketch of <mask> <mask>

<mask> <mask>
1909 births
1982 deaths
Ahmadiyyah caliphs
Pakistani Ahmadis
Family of <mask> <mask>

masks:
Hāfiz Mirza Nasir Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Mirza Basheer
Din Mahmood Ahmad
Nasir Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Ahmad
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Basheer
Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam
Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Mubarik
Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Aziz
Ahmadhali
II Mirza
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
. Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam
Ahmad
Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Ghulam
Ahmad
Mirza Anas
Ahmad
Mirza Fareed
Ahmad
Mirza Luqman
Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Nasir
Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Tahir
Ahmad
Mirza Nasir
Ahmad
Nasir
Ahmad
Mirza Gam
Ahmad


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<mask> (1868–1925) was an American naturalist and writer. He was "the closest thing New England, and the world for that matter, will ever get to a real-life Doctor Dolittle; all sorts of New England birds and animals–foxes, wolves, chickadees, bears and bison were known to roam around and in and out of his house." He treated animals like friends, but unlike Doolittle, never claimed to talk to them. He was instrumental in bringing to public attention the near demise of songbirds and of the bison. He founded the American Bison Society, of which President Teddy Roosevelt was honorary chairman. Origins
He was born on 1 May 1868 at Calcutta, West Bengal in India, a son of <mask> (1842–1903, Portland, Maine), a British inventor, by his wife <mask> (1850–1909). In the 1870s, after his father had failed at running a textiles company in Calcutta, the family moved to New York, where John set up the Baynes Tracery and Mosaic Co., which produced etched memorial tablets, among other products.He patented manufacturing processes with the tastemaker Lockwood de Forest, and Baynes tablets survive at Grace Church in Newark, the Battell Chapel and Norfolk Library in Norfolk, Connecticut, and the Cleveland Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. John claimed (without proof) to have invented "photo-modeling", a technique for using light to carve sculpture. <mask>'s siblings included <mask> Griffin, a British-born American journalist and photographer, and John R<mask>, a metal etcher and photographer. Career
He received his early education in England and aged 11 moved with his parents to Bronx Park, New York. He graduated as valedictorian of his high school class and subsequently attended the College of the City of New York. In the 1890s he started publishing articles on nature and wildlife in various newspapers. "Without the constraints of scholarly publishing, he became a wildlife showman through his articles and appearances."Buffalo conservation

In 1904 he was appointed conservator of the Corbin Park buffalo reserve on the edge of the Blue Mountain Forest in New Hampshire, by Austin Corbin Jr. (d.1938), whose father the banker and railroad entrepreneur Austin Corbin (1827-1896) had established it. Known as the "Blue Mountain Forest Association", it was a limited membership proprietary hunting club, the park of which comprised  in the towns of Cornish, Croydon, Grantham, Newport and Plainfield. Corbin Sr. imported bison from Oklahoma, Montana, Wyoming, Manitoba and Texas and donated bison to other American zoos and preserves. He also imported exotic species from Europe and Canada, including wild boar from the Black Forest of Germany. Having been purchased by a syndicate of hunters in 1944, the park survives in 2020, surrounded by a  chain-link fence, as a non-profit organization with a membership of about 30 wealthy game hunters, and is referred to as the "millionaires hunt club", said to be "the most exclusive game preserve in the United States". The herd of bison, however, was destroyed in the 1940s following an outbreak of brucellosis, and the main species preserved and hunted are elk and boar. From a natural level of 60 million in America, the bison population had been reduced by human activity to just 1,000 by the 1890s, and in 1904 160 of these beasts lived within Corbin Park.In about 1906 <mask> conducted a survey into surviving numbers of American bison, and found that 2,039 existed, 325 in the wild (25 in the USA, 300 in Canada), and 1,714 in captivity (1,109 in the USA, 175 in Canada and 130 in Europe, 300 elsewhere). After 15 years of work and campaigning by <mask>, the national bison herd had increased to 20,000. He was famous for his tame bison and for driving around the park in a carriage pulled by a pair of bison War Whoop and Tomahawk, trained by him in an effort to promote the usefulness of the breed as draught animals. <mask> commented, "Of all the works of the late Mr. Austin Corbin, the preservation of that herd of bison was the one that would earn his country's deepest gratitude. His experiment led to the founding of the American Bison Society and was connected, directly or otherwise, with the formation of some of our national parks." (See also Bison hunting – Beginnings of resurgence.) Bird conservation

He campaigned against wild birds being killed for their plumage.In 1913 he established one of the earliest bird sanctuaries (the Meriden Bird Club) at his home at Meriden, New Hampshire, which occasion was marked by a play being performed there in 1914 written by poet Percy MacKaye and called Sanctuary: A Bird Masque, with actors dressed in bird costumes, including <mask> himself in the role of "Shy, the Naturalist". Amongst the audience was President Woodrow Wilson. <mask>' activity is believed to have maintained the political appetite to ban the importation of bird feathers, included within the Underwood Tariff bill then being debated in Congress. The play was performed across the country and helped to fuel the bird-protection movement developing in the 1910s. Vivisection

<mask> investigated vivisection and the claims of anti-vivisectionists. He visited laboratories where experiments were carried out and came to the unexpected conclusion that little pain had been inflicted on the animals which he believed was insignificant in comparison to the relief from pain the research had given humans. He authored the article "The Truth about Vivisection" for the Woman's Home Companion in July, 1921.In this article, <mask> supported vivisection and critiqued the arguments of anti-vivisectionists. <mask> publicly declared himself a supporter of vivisection which caused great controversy. He was attacked by anti-vivisection organizations as a fake humanitarian and a supporter of animal cruelty. Baynes received much abusive mail from a threatening nature. Walter Hadwen for the American Anti-Vivisection Society wrote a rebuttal to <mask>' article, stating it was filled with misinformation. However, <mask> received support from W. W. Keen, Henry Cantwell Wallace, Frederic Augustus Lucas and many other academics and doctors. <mask> defended vivisection for developing methods of disease prevention.In 1923, he authored a pamphlet Vivisection and Modern Miracles. Death
He died aged 56 on January 21, 1925, at his home "Sunset Ridge", Meriden, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, USA. His ashes were scattered on Croydon Mountain near his home, which event is commemorated on a local monument inscribed: Here were scattered the ashes of <mask> <mask>, lover of animals and men, and loved of them. May 1, 1868, January 21, 1925. Selected publications

Wild Bird Guests: How to Entertain Them (1915)
The Truth About Vivisection (1921)
Polaris, the Story of an Eskimo Dog (1922)
Vivisection and Modern Miracles (1923)
The Sprite: The Story of a Red Fox (1924)
The Book of Dogs: An Intimate Study of Mankind's Best Friend (with Louis Agassiz Fuertes)
Animal Heroes of the Great War (1925)
Three Young Crows, and Other Bird Stories (1927)
Jimmie: The Story of a Black Bear Cub (1929)
War Whoop and Tomahawk: The Story of Two Buffalo Calves  (1929)
Wild Life in the Blue Mountain Forest, revised and edited by Raymond Gorges, foreword by Austin Corbin, with illustrations from photographs by the author and Louise Birt <mask> (1931). References

Further reading
Gorges, Raymond, <mask> <mask>: Naturalist and Crusader,  Boston, 1928 (also author of Gorges, Raymond & Brown, Frederick, Rev., FSA. The Story of a Family through Eleven Centuries, Illustrated by Portraits and Pedigrees: Being a History of the Family of Gorges, Boston, USA, (Merrymount Press privately published), 1944 & editor of The letters of Thomas Gorges, Deputy Governor of the Province of Maine, 1640-1643)

1868 births
1925 deaths
19th-century naturalists
20th-century naturalists
American conservationists
American naturalists
American nature writers
American male non-fiction writers
Vivisection activists
Writers from Kolkata

masks:
Ernest Harold Baynes
John Baynes
Helen Augusta Nowill Baynes
Ernest
Lillian Baynes
. Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Baynes
Ernest Harold
Baynes
Baynes
Ernest Harold
Baynes


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<mask> (25 August 1817 – 10 March 1898), born <mask>, was a French Roman Catholic professed religious and the foundress of the Religious of the Assumption. Her life was not geared towards faith in her childhood until the reception of her First Communion which seemed to transform her into a pious and discerning individual; she likewise experienced a sudden conversion after hearing a sermon that led her to found an order dedicated to the education of the poor. However, her religious life was not without its own set of trials, for complications prevented her order from receiving full pontifical approval due to a select few causing problems as well as the deaths of many followers from tuberculosis in the beginning of the order's life. Her beatification was celebrated under Pope Paul VI in 1975 while her canonization was later celebrated on 3 June 2007 under Pope Benedict XVI. Life
<mask> was born during the night of 25 August 1817 in Metz as one of five children (three males and two females) to Jacques Milleret and <mask>. Her baptism was celebrated on 5 October. Her father was a follower of Voltaire and a liberal which often put him into conflict with his diminishing faith.He made his fortune from banking and politics. Her parents met in Luxembourg when her father was 19 and her mother 22; the two married soon after. In 1822 her brother Charles (1813–1822) died and her little sister Elizabeth died in 1823. She had two older brothers, Eugene (b. 1802) and Louis (b. 1815–16). One distant ancestor was the Italian condottieri Miglioretti who served Francis I.Young Milleret <mask> grew up in a chateau in the suburb of Priesch north of Paris. When she was 13, her father lost all his money and the family estate. Her parents separated in 1830 as a result of her father's financial misfortunes, and she moved to Paris with her mother while her brother Louis moved with their father. Milleret <mask> had a deep concern for the poor and tended to poor families; she often accompanied her mother visiting those poor families in need. Milleret <mask>'s mother died of cholera in 1832, after a short period of illness, and she spent the remainder of her teens between two sets of relations. On one side she found her family concerned with material pleasures, while the other demonstrated a narrow spirit of piousness. Separated from the brother who had been her main companion as a child, she wondered about life and how to live out the spirit of faith and justice that her mother had taught her.In 1825 she made a pilgrimage to the shrine of Sainte-Anne d'Auray where she felt called to found a religious order dedicated to educating the poor. On 25 December 1829, Christmas day, she took her First Communion and it proved to be a life-changing experience for her. Through the reception of this sacrament she experienced the presence of God – a profound spiritual moment – which proved to be one about which she would refer to the rest of her life. During Lent in 1836 Milleret <mask> was invited to listen to a series of lectures at the Notre Dame cathedral at 10:00am which the then-Abbé Lacordaire, a famous preacher and social commentator, gave. His preaching lead her to have a profound conversion experience, and she became passionate about the messages from the Gospel and thus a dedicated servant to God. In July 1837 she returned to her father and brother whom she had not seen since her parents separated; she announced to them that she wanted to become a religious sister and she was heartbroken that her father and brother Louis found this dream incomprehensible. She made a brief novitiate with the Sisters of the Visitation on 15 August 1838 before leaving.She went to confession to the Abbé Théodore Combalot, who told her that he was looking for someone to help him found a religious order devoted to the Blessed Mother and the education of the poor. He believed that she would be such a founder capable of seeing out his vision. On 30 April 1839 Milleret <mask> founded the Religious of the Assumption with four companions. The congregation began in a small apartment on the Rue Ferou in Paris and celebrated their first Mass together as a religious congregation on 9 November 1839. In March 1841 she was made the Superior of the order and held the position until she resigned due to ill health in 1894. On 14 August 1841 she made her initial vows and then made her perpetual profession on 25 December 1844. In May 1866 Marie-Eugénie <mask> set off for Rome and visited the tomb of Saint Peter before setting off to visit the catacombs and other Roman churches, and then attending Mass in the room where Saint Ignatius of Loyola died.On 31 May she had a private audience with Pope Pius IX. Marie-Eugénie <mask> returned to Rome where on 11 April 1888 Pope Leo XIII issued pontifical approval to her order and signed the decree in her presence. In 1893, Marie-Eugénie <mask> returned to Rome and met Leo XIII again. In 1894 she attempted to return to Rome but had to stop in Genoa due to falling ill en route. In late 1894 she visited Madrid and San Sebastián. In March 1895 she went with her nurse Sister Marie Michel to Rome and made stops along the train to Montpellier and Nice as well as to Cannes and Genoa; she returned to France three months later. The aging nun suffered a small stroke in October 1897 which caused her speech to slow; her legs began to grow frail and movement became more difficult over time.Marie-Eugénie <mask> died on 10 March 1898 at 3:00am; she received the Viaticum on 9 March and received the Last Rites on 13 February when it seemed she would die despite her bouncing back from that scare. The Cardinal Archbishop of Reims Benoît-Marie Langénieux celebrated her funeral on 12 March. As of 2019 her order had 1300 followers from 44 different nationalities, operating in 34 countries on four continents. Sainthood
The sainthood process opened in the Paris archdiocese in an informative process that Cardinal Jean Verdier oversaw from 1934 until its closure in 1936; her writings received theological approval on two separate occasions on 1 February 1939 and on 8 July 1949. The formal introduction to the cause came on 17 April 1940 under Pope Pius XII and she became titled as a Servant of God. Cardinal Emmanuel Célestin Suhard oversaw the apostolic process from 1941 until 1943 before all documentation from both processes was sent to the Congregation for Rites in Rome who validated these processes on 14 December 1945. An antepreparatory committee approved the cause on 9 May 1951 as did a preparatory one (the first on 30 June 1953 was inconclusive) on 7 June 1960 and the general committee on 6 June 1961.On 21 June 1961 she became titled as Venerable after Pope John XXIII confirmed that she had lived a life of heroic virtue. Pope Paul VI beatified her on 9 February 1975 in Saint Peter's Square. The miracle for canonization was opened and closed in 2003 in the Manila archdiocese while the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the process on 30 April 2004. Medical experts approved this miracle on 27 January 2005 as did the theologians on 14 February 2006 and the C.C.S. members on 12 December 2006. Pope Benedict XVI approved this miracle on 16 December 2006 and formalized the date for the canonization on 23 February 2007 at a consistory; Benedict XVI canonized her on 3 June 2007. Miracle
The canonization miracle was the healing of Risa Bondoc (b. February 1995) who had a condition from her birth that prevented the two halves of her brain from joining.Her mother – who did not know of this condition – had put Risa up for adoption and so Ditos and Carmen Bondoc adopted her and had taken her to specialists, to no avail. References

External links
 Hagiography Circle
 Religious of the Assumption
 The Wanderer
 Asia News
 Butler's Lives of the Saints

1817 births
1898 deaths
19th-century Christian saints
19th-century French people
19th-century venerated Christians
19th-century Christian nuns
Assumptionist nuns
Beatifications by Pope Paul VI
Canonizations by Pope Benedict XVI
Christian female saints of the Late Modern era
French Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
French Roman Catholic saints
Founders of Catholic religious communities
People from Metz
Venerated Catholics

masks:
Marie Eugénie de Jésus
Anne Eugie Milleret de Brou
Anne Eugie Milleret de Brou
Eleonore Eugie de Brou
de Brou
de Brou
de Brou
de Brou
de Brou
de Jésus
de Jésus
de Jésus
de Jésus


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 5 October 1923) is a British actress, dancer, musician and singer. Born in Pretoria, South Africa, while her parents were on tour, she is best known for creating the role of Desiree Armfeldt in A Little Night Music on Broadway, for which she won a Tony Award, and for playing Winifred Banks in Walt Disney's musical motion picture Mary Poppins. In 2020, with the death of Olivia de Havilland, <mask> became the oldest living Academy Award-nominee in any acting category. In both roles, <mask> sang songs written specifically for her, including "Send In the Clowns", composed by Stephen Sondheim, and "Sister Suffragette", written by the Sherman Brothers. <mask> was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her work in the 1960 film The Sundowners. She is one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood and class years of British cinema. She is known for the breathy quality of her husky voice and her upbeat persona.Early life
<mask> was born in Pretoria, Union of South Africa, on 5 October 1923, as the daughter of Alice Maude Steele (née Wareham), a pianist, and Mervyn <mask>, a Welsh stage and film actor. Her roots are in West Wales, and she was born in Pretoria while her parents were performing on tour there. Early career
<mask> made her first stage appearance in Buckie's Bears as a child ballerina at the Garrick Theatre in 1935. (She later became a qualified ballet teacher.) She was spotted dancing in a children's play during the Christmas holidays and cast in her first notable stage production, St Helena, at the Old Vic in 1936. That year, she was also in productions of The Children's Hour and The Melody That Got Lost. She followed this with Judgement Day (1937) and A Kiss for Cinderella (1937).Stage and film

<mask> made her screen debut in 1938 in the film version of Winifred Holtby's novel South Riding. She had small roles in Murder in the Family (1938), Prison Without Bars (1939), On the Night of the Fire (1940), Under Your Hat (1940), and The Briggs Family (1940). On stage, she was in Quiet Wedding (1938). <mask>' scene in The Prime Minister (1941) did not make the final cut, but she had a role in 49th Parallel (1941) as Anna, replacing Elisabeth Bergner at the last minute. She was in Quiet Weekend (1941–43) on stage, which ran for two years. <mask> had roles in The Adventures of Tartu (1943) and The Halfway House (1944). On stage, she appeared in Peter Pan (1943), I'll See You Again (1944), and Fools Rush In (1946).<mask> received good reviews for her performance as Deborah Kerr's best friend in Perfect Strangers (1945) (also titled Vacation from Marriage). <mask> continued in supporting roles: This Man Is Mine (1946), Frieda (1947), and An Ideal Husband (1947). Stardom
<mask> played the title role in Miranda (1948), a mermaid who causes havoc in a London household, directed by Ken Annakin. She starred in Third Time Lucky (1949), Dear Mr. Prohack (1949), and State Secret (1950). On stage, <mask> was in Fools Rush In and The Way Things Go. <mask> supported Richard Todd in Flesh and Blood (1951) and also appeared in the Hollywood-financed No Highway in the Sky (1951). She co-starred with David Niven in Appointment with Venus (1951) for director Ralph Thomas, and was one of several names in Encore (1951) and The Magic Box (1951).<mask> was one of Alec Guinness' love interests in The Card (1952). On Broadway, she played the title role in Gertie. She was voted by British exhibitors as the 10th-most popular local star at the box office in 1951 and 1952. She was reunited with Richard Todd for two swashbucklers made for Walt Disney: The Sword and the Rose (1953) (directed by Annakin) and Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue (1953). In between, she made Personal Affair (1953) supporting Gene Tierney. <mask> had the starring role in The Weak and the Wicked (1954) about women in prison, which was a big hit. She did another for Annakin, The Seekers (1954) with Jack Hawkins, then co-starred with Robert Newton in The Beachcomber (1954).For both these films, she was paid £12,500 a picture. Mad About Men (1954) was a sequel to Miranda, directed by Thomas. <mask> starred in a comedy Josephine and Men (1955) and supported Danny Kaye in The Court Jester (1956). Annakin used her again in Loser Takes All (1956) and she was one of the many actors who made cameos in Around the World in 80 Days (1956). She returned to Broadway to play the title role in a production of Major Barbara (1956). <mask> stayed in America to make the melodrama All Mine to Give (1956). Character actress

<mask> returned to Britain to make Another Time, Another Place (1958) and was in Shake Hands with the Devil (1959).<mask> starred in The Spider's Web (1960) and had a supporting role in The Sundowners (1960), which earned her an Oscar nomination. <mask> starred in the remake of The Cabinet of Caligari (1962), and was one of several stars in The Chapman Report (1962). She supported Jackie Gleason in Papa's Delicate Condition (1963), and was in Too True to Be Good on Broadway in 1963. <mask> was cast in 1961 in the ABC/Warner Bros. crime drama The Roaring '20s. She portrayed Kitty O'Moyne, an Irish immigrant who falls overboard into the harbour as she arrives in the United States. In the 1962–63 television season, <mask> guest-starred in the CBS anthology series The Lloyd Bridges Show. In the autumn of 1963, she and Keith Andes starred as a married couple in her eponymous CBS television series Glynis, in which she played a mystery writer and Andes a criminal defence attorney.The programme was cancelled after thirteen episodes. <mask> appeared as Winifred Banks in Mary Poppins (1964) and played James Stewart's wife in Dear Brigitte (1965). She was in The King's Mare at the Garrick Theatre in 1966. <mask> appeared in various character roles in Don't Just Stand There! (1968) and Lock Up Your Daughters (1969). She made a guest  appearance as villainess Lady Penelope Peasoup in the Batman TV series in 1967. She turned increasingly to stage work, appearing in A Talent to Amuse (1969), Come as You Are (1969–70), and Marquise (1971–72).<mask> appeared in A Little Night Music (1973) on Broadway. The song "Send In the Clowns" was written with her in mind. In 1973, she won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role as Desiree Armfeldt. Later career
Her later film roles included The Vault of Horror (1973) and The Happy Prince (1974), but her focus was the stage: Ring Round the Moon (1975), 13 Rue de l'Amour (1976), Cause Célèbre (1978), Hay Fever (1980–81), and The Circle (1989–90). <mask> starred as Myrtle Bledsoe in the premiere of Horton Foote's A Coffin in Egypt in 1998 at the Bay Street Theatre. During the first season of NBC's hit sitcom Cheers, <mask> guest-starred as Diane Chambers' mother, Helen Chambers, a rich eccentric who, due to a stipulation in Diane's late father's will, will lose all her money unless Diane is married by the next day. During 1988–89, she played Trudie Pepper, a senior citizen living in an Arizona retirement community, in the television sitcom Coming of Age on CBS.<mask> played the camera-toting grandmother in the 1995 Sandra Bullock hit While You Were Sleeping. Her last film appearance to date was as the grandmother of Molly Shannon's character in the 1999 film Superstar. Personal life
<mask> has been married four times. Her first husband was Anthony Forwood (m. 1942–48), with whom she had her only child, actor Gareth Forwood, in 1945. From 1952 to 1956, she was married to David Foster, a Royal Navy officer and later president of Colgate-Palmolive. She married Cecil Henderson, a businessman, in 1960. She married Elliott Arnold, a writer, in 1964.<mask>' son Gareth predeceased her, dying in 2007. <mask> resides at Belmont Village Hollywood Heights, a senior living community, in the United States.

masks:
Glynis Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns


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<mask> (born 13 May 1989) is a retired professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was selected first overall pick in the 2007 AFL Draft. He announced his retirement in September 2020. Junior career
Kreuzer played for St Mary's Greensborough Junior Football Club, part of the Yarra Junior Football League, in Melbourne's north as a junior, before moving to the Northern Knights to play under-18s football in the TAC Cup in 2006 and 2007. Kreuzer established himself as both the team's No. 1 ruckman and as a key forward during that time, scoring 51 goals in his 33 games with the Knights. In 2007, he won the Morrish Medal and the Knights' best and fairest, and he was selected in the Victorian Metropolitan and All-Australian under-18s teams, and in the TAC Cup Teams of the Year in both 2006 and 2007.Noted for possessing a level of agility and endurance unusual for a player of his size, Kreuzer was widely expected to be selected early in the 2007 AFL Draft. He was selected by Carlton with its priority draft pick (No. 1 overall) in the draft; Carlton received that draft pick only after losing its final round match against  in 2007, a controversial match which became known as the Kreuzer Cup. Professional career
Kreuzer made his AFL debut in Round 3 of the 2008 season against Essendon at the MCG on 5 April 2008, impressing on debut and scoring a goal with his first kick. He played largely as the second ruckman through the early part of the season. He earned a NAB Rising Star nomination in his ninth game (against Port Adelaide), after moving into the forward-line in the final quarter and scoring three goals, which helped Carlton overcome a 30-point deficit in wet conditions; he would ultimately poll eleven votes to finish fourth for the award. Towards the end of the season, Kreuzer was playing both ruck and forward roles.He was noted for his accuracy in front of goal, scoring 13 goals and only one behind in his debut season. Kreuzer played all twenty-three games in his second season, again sharing ruck duties and spending some time in the forward-line, again scoring thirteen goals. He finished fifth in the John Nicholls Medal. Kreuzer continued as one of the club's top two ruckmen in 2010, and he played his 50th AFL game in Round 7. In Round 13, 2010, after 56 consecutive games from debut, Kreuzer ruptured his anterior cruciate ligament after landing awkwardly in a marking contest. He had a conventional knee reconstruction, and missed eleven months of football, returning to VFL football in May 2011 and to Carlton in Round 12, 2011. He played every game for the rest of the 2011 home-and-away season, but after 12 months out of the game was well below his best, polling best-and-fairest votes only once.In 2017, Kreuzer had a career best season only missing one game. He was selected in the initial 40-man All Australian squad and finished third in Carlton's best and fairest. Before the beginning of the 2018 season it was announced that Kreuzer would be part of Carlton's new leadership group for the first time in his career. At the end of the 2018 season, Kreuzer had relinquished his position in the leadership group, along with Alex Silvagni and Lachlan Plowman. In the opening round of the 2020 AFL season against Richmond, Kreuzer suffered a foot injury which initially ruled him out for three to four months, but he did not play again and announced his retirement, with immediate effect, on 10 September 2020. Following his retirement, Kreuzer was appointed ruck coach at Carlton in December 2020. Personal life
His father is of Dutch heritage.Outside of football, Kreuzer is a civil engineer. Statistics
Statistics are correct to the end of round 1, 2020

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008
|
| 8 || 20 || 13 || 1 || 96 || 99 || 195 || 59 || 45 || 183 || 0.7 || 0.1 || 4.8 || 5.0 || 9.8 || 3.0 || 2.3 || 9.2 || 1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|
| 8 || 23 || 13 || 11 || 123 || 197 || 320 || 73 || 71 || 394 || 0.6 || 0.5 || 5.3 || 8.6 || 13.9 || 3.2 || 3.1 || 17.1 || 1
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010
|
| 8 || 13 || 5 || 4 || 65 || 94 || 159 || 29 || 62 || 239 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 5.0 || 7.2 || 12.2 || 2.2 || 4.8 || 18.4 || 1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011
|
| 8 || 12 || 7 || 7 || 66 || 74 || 140 || 27 || 44 || 148 || 0.6 || 0.6 || 5.5 || 6.2 || 11.7 || 2.3 || 3.7 || 12.3 || 3
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|
| 8  || 20 || 10 || 8 || 146 || 97 || 243 || 60 || 66 || 450 || 0.5 || 0.4 || 7.3 || 4.9 || 12.2 || 3.0 || 3.3 || 22.5 || 3
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013
|
| 8 || 17 || 8 || 11 || 116 || 79 || 195 || 56 || 71 || 428 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 6.8 || 4.6 || 11.5 || 3.3 || 4.2 || 25.2 || 6
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014
|
| 8 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 9 || 5 || 14 || 3 || 0 || 13 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 9.0 || 5.0 || 14.0 || 3.0 || 0.0 || 13.0 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015
|
| 8 || 13 || 9 || 5 || 91 || 75 || 166 || 40 || 55 || 276 || 0.7 || 0.4 || 7.0 || 5.8 || 12.8 || 3.1 || 4.2 || 21.2 || 3
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016
|
| 8 || 21 || 7 || 8 || 136 || 95 || 231 || 46 || 84 || 429 || 0.3 || 0.4 || 6.5 || 4.5 || 11.0 || 2.2 || 4.0 || 20.4 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017
|
| 8 || 21 || 12 || 12 || 206 || 115 || 321 || 69 || 107 || 665 || 0.6 || 0.6 || 9.8 || 5.5 || 15.3 || 3.3 || 5.1 || 31.7 || 5
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2018
|
| 8 || 12 || 5 || 5 || 99 || 60 || 159 || 24 || 41 || 276 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 8.3 || 5.0 || 13.3 || 2.0 || 3.4 || 23.0 || 1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2019
|
| 8 || 15 || 5 || 5 || 127 || 69 || 196 || 30 || 34 || 467 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 8.5 || 4.6 || 13.1 || 2.0 || 2.3 || 31.1 || 3
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2020
|
| 8 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 7 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 1.0 || 1.0 || 1.0 || 1.0 || 7.0 ||
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 189
! 94
! 77
! 1280
! 1060
!2340
! 517
! 681
! 3975
! 0.5
! 0.4
! 6.8
!5.6
! 12.4
! 2.7
! 3.6
! 21.0
! 27
|}

References
. External links

Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Carlton Football Club players
Living people
1989 births
Australian people of Dutch descent
Northern Knights players