text_chunks:
<mask> (born 29 August 1959), known mononymously as <mask>, is an Indian actor, film producer, television presenter, and entrepreneur. Nagarjuna has acted in over 100 films, predominantly in Telugu, along with a few Hindi and Tamil language films. He has received nine state Nandi Awards, three Filmfare Awards South and two National Film Awards namely, for Ninne Pelladata (1996), which he produced won the Best Feature Film in Telugu and a Special Mention as actor for Annamayya (1997). In 1989, he starred in the Mani Ratnam-directed romantic drama film Geetanjali, which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. The following year, he acted in Siva, an action drama blockbuster directed by Ram Gopal Varma, which premiered at the 13th International Film Festival of India. In 1990, he made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of  Shiva. He is well known by his works in biographical films, he played 15th-century composer Annamacharya in Annamayya (1997), Yavakri (the son of the ascetic Bharadvaja) in Agni Varsha (2002), Major Padmapani Acharya in the war film LOC: Kargil (2003), 17th-century composer Kancherla Gopanna in Sri Ramadasu (2006), Suddala Hanmanthu in Rajanna (2011), Sai Baba of Shirdi in Shirdi Sai (2012), Chandaludu in Jagadguru Adi Shankara (2013), and Hathiram Bhavaji in Om Namo Venkatesaya (2017).In 2013, he represented the Cinema of South India at the Delhi Film Festival's 100 Years of Indian Cinema's celebration, alongside Ramesh Sippy and Vishal Bhardwaj from Bollywood. In 1995, he ventured into film production, with a production unit operating in Seychelles, and was a co-director of an Emmy Award-winning film animation company called Heart Animation. Nagarjuna is the co-owner of the production company Annapurna Studios. He is also the president of the non-profit film school Annapurna International School of Film and Media based in Hyderabad. Early life and family
Akkineni <mask> was born on 29 August 1959 in Madras (present-day Chennai) in a Telugu family to the veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao and his wife Annapurna. The family later moved to Hyderabad, where he did his schooling in Hyderabad Public School and intermediate education from Little Flower Junior College, Hyderabad. He completed one year of his Mechanical Engineering from the College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University in Madras, former Indian cricketer Krishnamachari Srikanth was his college mate during his Engineering days, and earned his BS Mechanical Engineering Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan.In February 1984, he married Lakshmi Daggubati, the daughter of D. Ramanaidu, a prominent film-maker, and sister of the actor Venkatesh and producer Suresh Babu. Lakshmi and Nagarjuna have one son, actor Naga Chaitanya born on 23 November 1986. However, the couple got divorced in 1990. Nagarjuna then married actress Amala on 11 June 1992, and the couple have one son, actor Akhil, born on 8 April 1994. Career

Nagarjuna began acting as a child artist in the 1967 Telugu film Sudigundalu directed by Adurthi Subba Rao. He appeared as an infant in movie Velugu Needalu penned by Sri Sri. Both movies starred his father Akkineni Nageswara Rao in the lead role.Years later he made his debut as a lead actor through the 1986 Telugu film Vikram, directed by V. Madhusudhan Rao, with Shobana as the female lead. It is the remake of the 1983 Hindi film Hero. The film was a success, giving <mask> a good start. Later, he starred in films like Majnu, directed by Dasari Narayana Rao, which was well received. Nagarjuna got positive reviews for his portrayal of a heartbroken man. He then starred in Sankeertana, a below average grosser directed by debutant Geetha Krishna with music by Ilaiyaraaja. The film was appreciated for its content and music.In 1988, he starred in the blockbuster Aakhari Poratam, scripted by Yandamuri Veerendranath, and directed by K. Raghavendra Rao where he was paired opposite Sridevi and Suhasini. In 1988 he starred in Janaki Ramudu alongside Vijayashanti. This film, directed again by Raghavendra Rao, was also a hit. In 1989, he starred in the Mani Ratnam-directed romantic drama Geetanjali. The film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment in 1990. Immediately, he saw another success, Siva. This film marked the debut of director Ram Gopal Varma.This film is considered a trendsetter in Telugu cinema, and made Nagarjuna a superstar. In 1990, he subsequently made his Bollywood debut with the Hindi remake of the same film titled Shiva. Even the Hindi version saw huge box-office success. He then starred in Jaitra Yatra, for which he received critical acclaim. He followed it up with sub fare like Prema Yuddham and Iddaru Iddare. Nirnayam where he acted again with Amala however was a hit. He followed it up with box office hits like Killer, Neti Siddhartha, and Nirnayam, working with eminent directors such as Fazil, and Priyadarshan.<mask> was fondly called "Celluloid Scientist" for his nature of experimenting with different scripts. Some of his prominent hit films released subsequently included President Gari Pellam, Varasudu, Gharana Bullodu and Allari Alludu. In 1994, he starred in his first Hindi-Telugu bilingual Criminal directed by Mahesh Bhatt. In the same year he ventured into comedy for the first time with Hello Brother which was a huge hit, and was later remade into Hindi as Judwaa. Many of his films were also dubbed into Tamil. In 1996, <mask> starred in and produced Ninne Pelladata, directed by Krishna Vamsi. The movie won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu and Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu.The next year, <mask> acted in Annamayya, in which he portrayed the role of Annamacharya, a 15th-century Telugu singer and poet. This won him his Filmfare Best Actor Award and his first Nandi Award for Best Actor. He also received a National Award for this role. Later that year, he starred in the Tamil film Ratchagan, directed by Praveen Gandhi. The film was a success at the Tamil Nadu box office. His subsequent releases were Nuvvu Vastavani, Ninne Premistha and Azad. He starred in romantic comedies such as Santosham, Manmadhudu, and Sivamani.He produced Satyam in 2003, which starred his nephew Sumanth. In 2004, Nagarjuna had two releases, Nenunnanu and Mass. The latter was produced by <mask> and directed by choreographer Lawrence Raghavendra. In 2005, <mask> acted in and produced Super. In 2006, he starred in Sri Ramadasu, his second period film based on the 18th-century Telugu Saint/poet of the same name. Nagarjuna received the Nandi Award for Best Actor for this film. In December 2007, he appeared in Don and a year later, he appeared in King alongside Trisha and Srihari.In 2010, he had the films Kedi and Ragada. Gaganam was released on 11 February 2011. Its Tamil version was titled Payanam. In 2011 Nagarjuna signed three movies in a row: Rajanna, Damarukam and Shirdi Sai. His next film  Greeku Veerudu alongside Nayanthara, was a sub par grosser. His next Bhai was a disaster at the box office. In 2014, Nagarjuna starred in the blockbuster family drama, Manam, directed by Vikram Kumar.He had a dual role in Soggade Chinni Nayana, which turned out to be one of his biggest blockbusters. Later he played a cripple in Vamshi Paidipally's bilingual film Oopiri, which was a hit. In 2017, he played a devotional role in the film Om Namo Venkatesaya. It garnered average reviews from critics and turned out to be a disaster. He then starred in a horror film titled Raju Gari Gadhi 2, which had an average run at the box office. In 2018, he starred in the film Officer directed and produced by Ram Gopal Varma. It got poor reviews from critics and went on to become the biggest disaster in <mask>'s career.On 27 September 2018, Devadas, directed by Sriram Aditya, featuring Nagarjuna alongside Nani. This film co starred Rashmika Mandanna and Aakanksha Singh and turned out to be a moderate success. Off-screen and other works

Television

<mask> made his début as a television producer in 2009 with the soap opera Yuva. He was a major shareholders of the television channel Maa TV before it was sold to the Star Network. Nagarjuna hosted the Indian Telugu-language version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? titled Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu. The first season of the show was telecast on MAA TV from 9 June 2014 to 7 August 2014 (40 episodes).The second season was also showcased on MAA TV from 9 December 2014 to 27 February 2015 (55 episodes). In 2015, he was honored with the Entertainment Leader Award (Television) for his work in the show at the TV5 Business Leaders Awards ceremony. He had hosted the third, fourth and fifth seasons of Bigg Boss in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Ownerships, endorsements and earnings

Since 2013, He was a co-owner of the Mumbai Masters of the Indian Badminton League, along with Sunil Gavaskar, and the Mahi Racing Team India, along with MS Dhoni. <mask> currently endorses Kalyan Jewellers in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. He was listed No. 36 and No.43 in Forbes Indias top 100 Celebrities for the years 2012 and 2013 respectively. He is one of the co-owners of the Indian Super League club Kerala Blasters FC. N3 Realty Enterprises
<mask> is the founding partner of N3 Realty Enterprises, the parent entity for N-Convention center, N-Grill and District N. The later two establishments are now non-existent. In 2014, the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation identified that N convention had encroached on litigated premises. Subsequently, through legal opinions, a correction path of the land was initiated by the local administrators. <mask>, along with his wife Amala, are co-founders of Blue Cross of Hyderabad, recognised by the Animal Welfare Board of India. It is a non-government organisation (NGO) in Hyderabad, which works for the welfare of animals.Nagarjuna was also involved in welfare programs undertaken by the MAA TV association, and presently serves as the brand ambassador for HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns. In 2010, he starred in an HIV/AIDS animated software tutorial created by TeachAids, a nonprofit founded at Stanford University. Awards and nominations

Nagarjuna has been the recipient of two National Film Awards, nine Nandi Awards and three Filmfare Awards South. References

External links

 Nagarjuna at Bollywood Hungama

1959 births
Living people
Indian male film actors
Telugu film producers
Telugu male actors
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Male actors from Hyderabad, India
Male actors from Chennai
Male actors in Tamil cinema
Eastern Michigan University alumni
Businesspeople from Andhra Pradesh
Indian television presenters
Indian game show hosts
Businesspeople from Hyderabad, India
Filmfare Awards South winners
Nandi Award winners
College of Engineering, Guindy alumni
Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners
Kerala Blasters FC owners
21st-century Indian actors
Indian Hindus

masks:
Akkineni Nagarjuna Rao
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Nagarjuna
Charity Nagarjuna


text_chunks:
<mask><mask> (born June 26, 1945) is an American scholar and practitioner of social change, with notable achievements in community-led conservation and global education. He also recognized as giving a definitive explanation for the century-old Yeti or Abominable Snowman) mysteries. In the words of Wade Davis, <mask>'s method was shown around Mount Everest in “the creation of a nature preserve, not administered by distant bureaucrats but protected by the people who dwelt within its boundaries. It was a bold idea, so novel that at every meeting <mask> was able to increase the size”  until trans-border protection resulted for the entire Mount Everest and central Himalayan region. <mask> is President of Future Generations University  which he founded. He has established twelve nonprofit organizations, ten still thrive, five are in the US. From 1993 to 2002, he was also a Senior Associate at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.He was knighted Suprabala-Gorkha-Dakshina-Bahu in Nepal in 1990, made the first Honorary Professor of Quantitative Ecology by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1995, and decorated with the Order of the Golden Ark by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands in 2004. Professional significance

Bill McKibben encapsulates his work, “The most interesting development expert I’ve ever met is a West Virginian named <mask> …. His mantra, based on a series of principles called SEED-SCALE, goes like this: Forget big plans. Development is not a product, not a target, not some happy future state … it’s a process, measured not in budgets but in how we invest our human energy.”

His theoretical work on social change, SEED-SCALE, mentioned above by McKibben, was launched by then UNICEF Executive Director James P. Grant, resulted in a first major publication in 1995, a second in 2002, a third in 2012. ), and a fourth in 2016  The basic concept is that ‘seeds’ of human success exist in every community, even those considered destitute, and from these seeds fitted to local culture, resources, and ecology can be ‘scaled up’ grown both a rising quality of life and also extension out toward equitable improvement for all. In education, <mask> explored experiential education during his twenty years leading The Mountain Institute. With Future Generations University an accredited master's degree was started now extending to 40 countries.In conservation, <mask> pioneered a method for community-based conservation that protects areas first by using political boundaries then within these environmental criteria to create management zones, a less costly, less confrontational approach within the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. In the US, his efforts integrated private land with public lands near Spruce Knob the summit of West Virginia. With the Green Long March in China, an environmental educational consortium was created with 50 Chinese universities. In the Himalaya, his conservation initiatives include trans-border conservation between China and Nepal with a seven million acre initiative around Mount Everest in Nepal the (Makalu-Barun National Park and adjoining in Tibet/China Qomolangma national nature preserve. In eastern Tibet Autonomous Region, he and co-worker <mask> <mask> led in establishing the Lalu Wetlands National Nature Preserve in Lhasa, at 1,600 acres, now a region completely surrounded by the city of Lhasa. Additionally, he led in setting up a range of community conservation initiatives in Arunachal Pradesh, India. For the enigmatic maker of mysterious tracks in Himalayan snows, the yeti, after three decades of field research he was able to show ‘the abominable snowman’ to be the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) which in its early life years spends time in trees and develops a “thumb-like” digit on its paw that then can make an overprint of hind paw onto front creating a human-looking, bipedal-like snowprint.In 2016, <mask> published an analysis of all Yeti literature, giving added evidence to the (Ursusthibetanus) explanation of Yeti legends. Importantly, this book from Oxford University gave a meticulous explanation for the iconic Yeti footprint photographed by Eric Shipton in 1950. To complete this explanation, <mask> also located a never-before published photograph of that print that included bear nailmarks. Additionally, <mask> has an interest in building innovative physical structures—a diversity of structures modifying the Mongolian yurt, two homebuilt airplanes (Varieze and Defiant), super-insulated homes and offices, electrical wind generators, and restoration of historic structures from an 1845 gristmill in West Virginia to three monasteries in Tibet. Organizations founded

 1972, co-founded The Woodlands Institute (experiential education) that evolved into The Mountain Institute (mountain people and environments)
 1980, co-founded Pendleton Community Care (comprehensive U.S. rural primary health care)
 1989, founded the Tibetan KyiApso Club (to introduce an unusual large shaggy dog from the Tibetan Plateau). This organization has subsequently closed. 1992–2012, launched the Future Generations family of nine autonomous but mutually supportive organizations worldwide whose shared purpose is to research, demonstrate, and teach how to mobilize social change.Future Generations USA/China/Arunachal/India/Peru/Afghanistan/Canada/Haiti/Graduate School
 2011, launched the University of the World, a to be accredited global university This organization has subsequently closed. 2016, launched Experience Learning, an experiential education organization in Pendleton County with two campuses <ref>[experience-learning.org]

Books published

 "Yeti: The Ecology of a Mystery" (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017)
 “Just and Lasting Change: When Communities Own Their Futures, 2nd Edition” (Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016)
 “Mount Everest Guide to Off-road Driving”, (Franklin, WV: Forwards Press, 2014)
 Empowerment on an Unstable Planet: From Seeds of Human Energy to a Scale of Global Change, co-authors <mask><mask>, Jesse O. <mask>, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012)
 CAIRNS: A Novel of Tibet, (For Words Press: Franklin, WV, 2011)
 Just and Lasting Change: When Communities Own Their Futures, <mask><mask> co-author, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002)
 Community Based Sustainable Human Development—Going to Scale with Self-reliant Social Development, co-author <mask><mask>, (New York: UNICEF, 1995). Something Hidden Behind the Ranges: An Himalayan Quest, (San Francisco: Mercury House, 1995)
 Population Education for Nepal, co-author Hem Hamal (Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Press, 1973). References

External links
 Future Generations
 Future Generations University
 Official Website - <mask> C. <mask>

1945 births
Living people
American conservationists
Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu
People from Pendleton County, West Virginia

masks:
Daniel C
. Taylor
Taylor
Daniel
Taylor
Daniel Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Chun Wuei
Su Chien
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Carl E
. Taylor
Taylor
Carl E
. Taylor
Carl E
. Taylor
Daniel
Taylor


text_chunks:
<mask> (March 23, 1865 – December 8, 1914) was a poet from Louisville, Kentucky. Biography
<mask> was born in Louisville, Kentucky on March 23, 1865, the fifth child of William and Christiana (Stelsly) <mask>. His father made patent medicines from herbs. Thus as a child, <mask> became acquainted with and developed a love for local nature. After graduating from high school, <mask> worked in a pool hall in Louisville as a cashier in Waddill's New-market, which also served as a gambling house. He worked there for six years, saving his pay so he could return home to write. His output was thirty-six books  and 1,500 poems.His writing presented Kentucky scenes in a language echoing Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats. He soon earned the nickname the "Keats of Kentucky". He was popular enough that, by 1900, he told the Louisville Courier-Journal that his income from publishing poetry in magazines amounted to about $100 a month. In 1912 <mask> was forced to sell his Old Louisville home, St James Court (a -story brick house built in 1901, which he had purchased in 1907), as well as some of his library, after losing money in the 1912 stock market crash. In 1914 the Authors Club of New York City placed him on their relief list. He died on December 8 later that year and was buried in Cave Hill Cemetery. Influence
In 1913, a year before his death, <mask> published a poem called "Waste Land" in a Chicago magazine which included Ezra Pound as an editor.Scholars have identified this poem as an inspiration to T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land, published in 1922 and considered the birth of modernism in poetry. The link between his work and Eliot's was pointed out by Canadian academic Robert Ian Scott in The Times Literary Supplement in 1995. The following year Bevis Hillier drew more comparisons in The Spectator (London) with other poems by Cawein; he compared <mask>'s lines "...come and go/Around its ancient portico" with Eliot's "...come and go/talking of Michelangelo." <mask>'s "Waste Land" appeared in the January 1913 issue of Chicago magazine Poetry (which also contained an article by Ezra Pound on London poets). <mask>'s poetry allied his love of nature with a devotion to earlier English and European literature, mythology, and classical allusion. This certainly encompassed much of T. S. Eliot's own interest, but whereas Eliot was also seeking a modern language and form, <mask> strove to maintain a traditional approach. Although he gained an international reputation, he has been eclipsed as the genre of poetry in which he worked  became increasingly outmoded.Works

Volumes of poetry
Blooms of the Berry, J. P. Morton (Louisville, KY), 1887. The Triumph of Music and Other Lyrics, J. P. Morton, 1888. Accolon of Gaul, with Other Poems, J. P. Morton, 1889. Lyrics and Idyls, J. P. Morton, 1890. Days and Dreams: Poems, Putnam (New York and London), 1891. Moods and Memories: Poems, Putnam, 1892. Red Leaves and Roses: Poems, Putnam, 1893.Poems of Nature and Love, Putnam, 1893. Intimations of the Beautiful, and Poems, Putnam, 1894. The White Snake and Other Poems, Translated from the German into the Original Meters, J. P. Morton, 1895. Undertones, Copeland & Day (Boston), 1896. The Garden of Dreams, J. P. Morton, 1896. Shapes and Shadows: Poems, R. H. Russell (New York, NY), 1898. Idyllic Monologues: Old and New World Verses, J. P. Morton, 1898.Myth and Romance, Being a Book of Verse, Putnam, 1899. One Day & Another: A Lyrical Eclogue, Badger (Boston), 1901. Weeds by the Wall: Verses, J. P. Morton, 1901. Kentucky Poems, Dutton (New York, NY), 1902. A Voice on the Wind and Other Poems, J. P. Morton, 1902. The Vale of Tempe: Poems, Dutton, 1905. Nature-Notes and Impressions, Dutton, 1906.The Poems of <mask>ein. Volumes 1–5. Small, Maynard (Boston), 1907. An Ode Read August 15, 1907, at the Dedication of the Monument Erected at Gloucester, Massachusetts, in Commemoration of the Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony in the Year Sixteen Hundred and Twenty-Three, J. P. Morton, 1908. New Poems, Grant Richards (London), 1909. The Giant and the Star: Little Annals in Rhyme, Small, Maynard, 1909. The Shadow Garden (A Phantasy) and Other Plays, Putnam, 1910.Poems by <mask>, Macmillan (New York, NY), 1911. The Poet, the Fool and the Faeries, Small, Maynard, 1912. The Republic, A Little Book of Homespun Verse, Stewart & Kidd (Cincinnati), 1913. Minions of the Moon: A Little Book of Song and Story, Stewart & Kidd, 1913. The Poet and Nature and the Morning Road, J. P. Morton, 1914. The Cup of Comus: Fact and Fancy, Cameo Press (New York, NY), 1915. Musical versions

 In 2017 Mad Duck recorded a version of At the sign of the skull and City of darkness in the album Braggart stories and dark poems

Brochures
Let Us Do the Best We Can, P.F.Volland (Chicago), 1909. So Many Ways, P. F. Volland, 1911. The Message of the Lilies, P. F. Volland, 1913. Christmas Rose and Leaf, Forest Craft Guild (New York), 1913. Whatever the Path, Forest Craft Guild, 1913. The Days of Used to Be, Forest Craft Guild, 1913. Anthology contributions

Library of Southern Literature, edited by Edwin Anderson Alderman and Joel Chandler Harris, Martin & Hoyt (New Orleans), 1907
Modern American Poetry: A Critical Anthology, 4th revised edition, edited by Louis Untermeyer, Harcourt (New York, NY), 1930.References

 A Literary History of Kentucky (University of Tennessee Press, 1988), William S. Ward
"<mask>ein." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 29 December 2010. Rothert, Otto Arthur.The Story of a Poet: <mask>ein. Louisville, KY: J.P. Morton & Co., 1921. Times Literary Supplement, letter from Robert Ian Scott (8 December 1995). The University of Chicago Library. "American Poetry Full-Text Database Bibliography." Chadwyck-Healey, Inc. Web.29 December 2010. External links

Bevis Hillier on Eliot and <mask> (pdf)
Text of Cawein's Waste Land
Poems and information about <mask> <mask> at Poemist
Books of Cawein's poems online
Poems, selected by <mask> (1911)
Cawein bibliography

Picturography
 Index entry for <mask>ein at Poets' Corner

1865 births
1914 deaths
Poets from Kentucky
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Burials at Cave Hill Cemetery
19th-century American poets
20th-century American poets
American male poets
20th-century American male writers

masks:
Madison Julius Cawein
Madison Julius Cawein
Cawein
Cawein
Cawein
Cawein
Cawein
Cawein
Cawein
Cawein
Cawein
Madison Caw
Madison Cawein
Madison Caw
Madison Caw
Cawein
Madison Julius
Cawein
Cawein
Madison Caw


text_chunks:
<mask>, professionally known as <mask> (born March 30, 1973), is an American transhumanist, journalist, entrepreneur, political candidate, and futurist. Formerly a reporter for the National Geographic Channel, Istvan now writes futurist, transhumanist, secular and political-themed articles for major media, including The New York Times, Vice's Motherboard, Wired, The Huffington Post, TechCrunch and Newsweek. Istvan regularly appears on television and video channels discussing futurist topics. He is seen as an influential transhumanists and believes transhumanism will grow into a mainstream social movement in this decade. Istvan is the author of The Transhumanist Wager, a philosophical science fiction novel. In late 2014, Istvan announced he was running for President of the United States in the 2016 election. He ran for his own Transhumanist Party to raise awareness for transhumanist politics issues.Later, in 2017, Istvan ran for Governor of California in the 2018 election as a member of the Libertarian Party. In 2019 Istvan ran for the Republican Party's nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election, hoping to win the Republican Party's nomination against President Donald Trump. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in Los Angeles in 1973 to his Hungarian immigrant parents Ilona and Steven (István) Gyurko. He was a nationally ranked swimmer and waterpolo player in his youth. Istvan later graduated from Columbia University in New York City with a degree in philosophy and religion. During his freshman year, Istvan was arrested by undercover cops for selling $80 worth of marijuana to fellow students. His arrest and subsequent felony conviction, which was later dismissed and expunged, influenced how he views the U.S. government's war on drugs.Career

Early career
<mask> was an online and on-camera reporter for the National Geographic Channel. His writings have appeared in a blog of the San Francisco Chronicle, and Outside. His work has been covered in publications such as The Huffington Post. Istvan's coverage of the war in Kashmir was made into a documentary, Pawns of Paradise, distributed by Janson Media. Australia's The Age has acquired non-exclusive Australian rights to the show. According to Istvan, he invented, pioneered and popularized the extreme sport of volcano boarding. Istvan is an entrepreneur who works in real estate.He also owns vineyard properties in Mendoza, Argentina, Bordeaux, France, and California's Napa Valley. Istvan owns a 68 acre island in Nova Scotia, Canada in the Atlantic Ocean. Futurist career
After publishing The Transhumanist Wager, Istvan began actively promoting transhumanism and other futurist issues via speeches, media interviews, activism and his writings. Istvan's writings and ideas on transhumanism, philosophy, atheism and futurist issues have been featured in Yahoo! News, The Daily Telegraph, The Huffington Post UK, The Daily Beast, Business Insider and other media sites. Istvan and his ideas have been featured on Fox News channel's Stossel show, CNN's Inside Man, Ryan O'Shea's Future Grind podcast and The Joe Rogan Experience. Istvan has also written for Gizmodo, New Scientist, Salon, TechCrunch, The Daily Dot, International Business Times Singularity University's Singularity Hub, TechInsider, Newsweek, Futurism and Slate.Istvan is a member of the World Future Society, anambassador for The Seasteading Institute, an advisory board member of the India Future Society, and is on the Futurist and Space Settlement boards of the Lifeboat Foundation. Istvan has regularly given talks on futurist and transhumanist topics, which include speeches at the World Bank, World Economic Forum (Global Future Council), Congreso Futuro, Moogfest, the World Future Society's annual conference, Transhuman Visions in San Francisco, Brighter Brain's Future of Emotional Health and Intelligence Conference at University of California, Berkeley, TEDxTransmedia in Geneva, Switzerland and being the opening keynote speaker at the Financial Times Camp Alphaville conference. He appeared in the 2016 documentary The Future of Work and Death. 2016 presidential campaign
In October 2014, Istvan announced that he was "in the very early stages of preparing a campaign to try to run" for U.S. President in 2016. He stated that his goals would be to support scientists in "overcoming human death and aging within 15–20 years" to encourage Americans to embrace "radical technology and science" and to set up safeguards against dangers including potential abuse of such technology. In October and November 2014 interviews, Istvan explained that he aimed to unify the transhumanist community, which otherwise was splintered, and to establish a single voice. He said great changes in society could happen and that Transhumanism could provide ideas, safeguards and policies.He said the aim for a Transhumanist Party would be to get onto as many state ballots as possible. In March 2015, Istvan reported progress in organizing a campaign and explained his wish to get major candidates to address issues. He hoped to be included in some debates, at least with third parties. He himself had funded nearly all of his campaign's expenses to date and he noted donations were needed. Istvan helped to publicize his campaign in late 2015 by driving a bus shaped like a casket—the "Immortality Bus"—across the United States. Istvan planned the bus tour to raise awareness of life extension. At the end of the Immortality Bus tour, Istvan delivered a "Transhumanist Bill of Rights" to the U.S. Capitol.His 20-point platform includes a universal basic income, increased funding for space travel and taking money from the military and putting it into science and medicine. In February 2016, it was reported that Istvan was likely to vote Democrat, placing himself "somewhere between Bernie and Hillary in terms of political ideologies", but later in 2016 he also wrote articles supporting Libertarian presidential candidate Gary Johnson. On October 15, 2016, Istvan stated on his social media accounts that he would be voting for himself. Istvan was not on the ballot in any state, though he claimed to have substantial potential write-in backers. 2018 California gubernatorial campaign
Istvan emphasized science, technology, longevity, transhumanism and Libertarian values in his California gubernatorial run, along with support for basic income. He suggested basic income could be paid for without raising taxes through a "Federal Land Dividend". Under this program, the government would allocate monthly payments to households by leasing out federal land.In his debut editorial for Reason magazine, he argued that reparations for harm caused to marijuana users during the federal government's War on Drugs may be appropriate. He suggested reparations could be paid as tax credits or through the sale of federal lands, so as not to put further burden associated with the drug war on taxpayers. 2020 presidential campaign
In December 2017, <mask> announced he was considering running for the Libertarian Party's Presidential nomination. In March 2019 during an interview on the Bread and Circuses podcast, <mask> told Caleb Salvatore and Nick Koehler that he was again considering a run for President. Istvan announced a run for the Republican nomination on November 19. Philosophy
Istvan states that in the 21st century, as modern man confronts the finitude of life, everyone faces a Transhumanist Wager, a concept that is explored in his science fiction novel of the same name. The Transhumanist Wager follows from a life philosophy Istvan calls Teleological Egocentric Functionalism (TEF).Istvan summarizes the Transhumanist Wager as follows:

Istvan is the creator of the concepts of Theistcideism, Omnipotism, the AI Imperative, the Singularity Disparity, Speciation Syndrome, Post-earthism, Delayed Fertility Advantage, and Jethro's Window, a possible solution to the Fermi Paradox. Istvan is also a populizer of AI Day, the transhumanist olympics, the Jesus Singularity, cryothanasia a robot AI President, and quantum archaeology (technological resurrection). Istvan proposed and developed the concept of a Longevity Peace Prize at the XPRIZE Foundation in 2019. Writing for The New York Times opinion section, Istvan argued conservatives should consider supporting artificial wombs to move the abortion debate forward. Istvan also argued to allow surfing during the Covid lockdowns in The New York Times Opinion section. Istvan authored an article entitled "Transhumanism and Theistcideism" for publication in Pandeism: An Anthology (2017). Istvan wrote the short fictional story "The Jesus Singularity" on a religious AI that goes rogue and destroys the world.It was published in Vice magazine. Istvan has a chip implanted in his hand and consulted with the U.S. Navy on broad about the use of the implant in humans. According to <mask>'s novel, the three laws of Transhumanism are:

 A transhumanist must safeguard one's own existence above all else. A transhumanist must strive to achieve omnipotence as expediently as possible—so long as one's actions do not conflict with the First Law. A transhumanist must safeguard value in the universe—so long as one's actions do not conflict with the First and Second Laws. Transhumanist community reception
Within the transhumanist community, reactions to Istvan's U.S. Transhumanist Party have ranged from enthusiastic to sharply critical. Some transhumanist critics, such as Peter Rothman, have questioned whether the Transhumanist Party adds value to the overall goals of transhumanism.Personal life
Istvan resides in Mill Valley, California with his wife, who is a physician, and his daughters. He identifies as an atheist. In February 2015, he helped launch BiZoHa, the world's first free-thinker orphanage, in Mukhoya, Kasese district, western Uganda. Istvan's promotional article on the topic in Vice's Motherboard, helped a GoFundMe campaign to achieve success in raising $5,820 to provide funding for the orphanage. References

External links
 <mask> <mask>'s personal site
 Transhumanist Party's website
 <mask> <mask>'s 2020 campaign site

1973 births
Living people
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American politicians
American atheism activists
American male non-fiction writers
American male novelists
American people of Hungarian descent
American political party founders
American transhumanists
Atheist philosophers
California Libertarians
Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election
Candidates in the 2018 United States elections
Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Life extensionists
Philosophers from California
Transhumanist politicians
Writers from Los Angeles

masks:
Zoltan Istvan Gyurko
Zoltan Istvan
Zoltan
Istvan
Istvan
Istvan
Istvan
Istvan
Zoltan
Istvan
Zoltan
Istvan


text_chunks:
Josef "<mask><mask> (10 March 1927 – 26 June 2007) was a German professional football manager and former player. He was head coach of the West Germany national team between 1978 and 1984, winning the UEFA Euro 1980 and reaching the final of the 1982 FIFA World Cup. <mask>'s hairdo provided the basis for his nickname "Chieftain Silver Curl" (Häuptling Silberlocke). Playing career
<mask> started in 1938 with Rhenania Würselen. Later, he played for Alemannia Aachen and Fortuna Düsseldorf in the western division of the five-way split first German league called Oberliga. With Aachen, <mask> reached the DFB-Pokal final in 1953 where he scored one goal at the 1–2 defeat at the hands of Rot-Weiss Essen. Five years later he reached the cup final with Düsseldorf, which was lost 3–4 against VfB Stuttgart.In 1954, after the Herberger team won the FIFA World Cup, <mask> was also called twice to play for West Germany

Managerial career

Early career
Not yet retired, <mask> took up player-managing first in Switzerland with Biel-Bienne (1959–1961) and Schaffhausen (1961–1962). After completely retiring from playing, he became the new manager of Fortuna Düsseldorf. <mask> reached the cup final with Fortuna in 1962, losing to 1. FC Nürnberg 1–2 after extra time. Afterwards he became manager of the regional association of Saarland for six years. In 1965, he was also manager of 1. FC Saarbrücken, winning the 1964–65 Regionalliga Südwest and promoting Saarbrücken to the Bundesliga.West Germany
In 1970, <mask> was appointed as successor to Udo Lattek as the West German national team's assistant coach under the legendary Helmut Schön. At the 1972 Summer Olympics, he was responsible for the West German team, taking it into the last eight. <mask> served as Schön's assistant until after the 1978 FIFA World Cup. When Schön retired from managing, also in light of the achievements in the tournament, <mask> was chosen to take his place as head coach of West Germany. His major rivals for this appointment were his coaching staff colleague Erich Ribbeck and Helmut Benthaus, then manager with the reigning German champions VfB Stuttgart, who received no release from his contract. <mask>'s first major tournament as West Germany head coach was UEFA Euro 1980 in Italy, and under his guidance West Germany won the championship in impressive fashion, winning four out of their five games and finishing with the tournament's top scorer in Klaus Allofs. Confidence was high going into the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain.<mask> was heard to have said before the first match against Algeria, "If we don't beat Algeria I'll take the next train home!" As things turned out he didn't stick to his promise. After a shock 1–2 defeat by Algeria in the first match, Derwall's West Germany regained their composure and progressed all the way to the final after some tough matches, including the infamous 1–0 win over Austria ("The Shame of Gijón") and the more memorable semi-final against France, where the Germans came back from 1–3 down to tie 3–3 and win on penalties. In the final itself, Germany lost 3–1 to Italy. The stars of this side were Karl-Heinz Rummenigge and Paul Breitner. Notwithstanding this setback, Derwall remained a highly regarded manager and West Germany were still counted among the favourites for UEFA Euro 1984, but their performance in France was not impressive and Derwall's team were eliminated in the first round. Public opinion in West Germany turned against Derwall rapidly.It reached an absolute low point when people would begin to yell angrily at <mask> had they spotted him in public. He in the end, of what amounted to a public campaign, was forced to resign his position, being replaced by the hitherto-untested Franz Beckenbauer who acted as team manager. Galatasaray
Derwall then shocked observers by turning down several job offers in the Bundesliga in favour of accepting the manager's position at Turkish club Galatasaray. At the time, Turkish football was not well regarded in Europe, and Turkish clubs had never made any real impression on the international scene. The arrival of <mask>, an internationally respected and experienced manager, changed this perception, and his tenure at Galatasaray is often credited with having helped spark the revival in the fortunes of Turkish football. As well as winning one national championship and one Turkish Cup, <mask>'s time in Istanbul also involved his introducing modern Western European training techniques and tactical ideas to the Turkish game. Therefore, he's regarded as the revolutionizer of Turkish football.Two of Turkey's most respected managers, Fatih Terim and Mustafa Denizli, both trained under <mask> during his time in Turkey, have been quick to praise Derwall's influence. <mask> retired from managing with Galatasaray in 1987 after helping his club become league champions (for the first time since 1973); despite speculation that he might take over as head coach of the Turkey national team, he chose instead to return to Germany and enjoy his retirement, with the managerial position of the Turkish national side later went to Sepp Piontek, also a German and one of <mask>'s students. He was happy to see that the spark he lit grew enormously, with Galatasaray reaching the semi-finals of the 1988–89 European Cup (predecessor of the UEFA Champions League) and winning both the UEFA Cup and UEFA Super Cup in 2000. His work in Turkey was also considered a major contribution to German-Turkish relations and was honoured with an honorary doctorate of the University of Hacettepe in Ankara and the German Cross of Merit 1st Class (Bundesverdienstkreuz). Health problems and death
<mask> died after a heart attack in Sankt Ingbert, Germany on 26 June 2007. He already had suffered a heart attack in 1991. His former club Galatasaray, gave his name to their training ground after his death.Managerial statistics

Honours

Manager
1. FC Saarbrücken
Regionalliga Südwest: 1964–65

Galatasaray
Süper Lig: 1986–87
Turkish Cup: 1984–85
Turkish Super Cup: 1987

West Germany
UEFA European Championship: 1980
FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1982

References

External links

1927 births
2007 deaths
People from Würselen
German footballers
Germany international footballers
Germany B international footballers
Alemannia Aachen players
Fortuna Düsseldorf players
FC Schaffhausen players
German football managers
West German football managers
FC Biel-Bienne managers
Fortuna Düsseldorf managers
Galatasaray S.K. (football) managers
German expatriate football managers
German expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate football managers in Turkey
Germany national football team managers
UEFA Euro 1980 managers
1982 FIFA World Cup managers
UEFA Euro 1984 managers
UEFA European Championship-winning managers
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Süper Lig managers
Association football forwards
Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia

masks:
Jupp
" Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall
Derwall


text_chunks:
<mask> (born October 1973) is a British wildlife sculptor who works in bronze, silver and any other castable metal using the lost-wax casting method. He is considered to be one of the world's foremost wildlife sculptors. Largely self-taught, Mackie captures his subjects - ranging from livestock to birds via wild animals - by observation in a natural environment, taking detailed photographs and sometimes modelling in plasticine. From this he creates a highly accurate anatomical core covered with a loose, almost impressionistic skin that captures the essence of the animal's personality. He has won numerous commissions including works for Jilly Cooper, Charles Saatchi, Ronnie Wood (private) and RSPCA, National Trust, Woburn Abbey, Merrill Lynch, Hiscox and most recently the Berkeley Group Holdings (public). He has travelled to places including Antarctica, the Falkland Islands, Australia, across Africa, and the United Arab Emirates in search of subjects. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Reading, England in 1973.His father was in the British Army, so the family spent the first years of Mackie's life living in both Hong Kong and the UK, before settling permanently on a farm in Lostwithiel, Cornwall in 1978. From an early age Mackie was tasked with many farm duties, including looking after livestock. Education
After prep school Mackie went to Radley College, where he found the support of its Art Department. Paul Kilsby, his sculpture teacher, acknowledged Mackie's strength in capturing the dynamic animal form. Mackie made his first sale during his A-level show: two clay lambs for £50 to a family friend. The buyer took the lambs to Simon Allison at the Lockbund Sculpture Foundry to be cast in bronze, introducing him to one of the most important working relationships of his career. 'Simon called me up and asked me if I wanted to sign them.I drove up to meet him and see their lost-wax casting process.' This began a working relationship that has lasted to this day. In 1992 Mackie did a foundation course at Falmouth University followed by, in 1993, a BA in Product and Furniture Design at Kingston University. He paid his way by selling his sculptures, for example Tregothnan Estates commissioned Mackie to do a buzzard, followed by an otter for Trewithen Estates. After university, Mackie travelled extensively in Africa, and in 1995 he took a job in a hunting camp in Zimbabwe. He observed how environment impacts character, particularly the distinction between a wild animal and one in captivity. His interest led him to the conservationist Ian Craig in Kenya, backed by TUSK, an organisation he still supports.Face to face with African wildlife, the urge to sculpt overcame him and he created a cheetah head out of beeswax and paraffin. Career
Mackie returned to the UK determined to sculpt full-time. He met with the renowned wildlife sculptor Mark Coreth, carrying his wax cheetah head under his arm. From there Mackie met with Simon Allison again to explore the prospect of casting his models in bronze for commercial sale. Allison was confident enough in Mackie's skills to defer payment until he started to sell. In 1996 <mask> moved closer to the foundry in Oxfordshire, and entered into the Art for Youth competition where he won the "Diana Brooks Prize". The following year

He was accepted into the Royal Academy's "Summer Exhibition", following on from his first solo show with Fanshawe Somerset, London.Several successful solo shows followed, and in 2010 his solo show, also at the Cork Street Gallery, outperformed most of the galleries at Frieze Art Fair that year. In 2013 <mask> landed his most important public commission to date: six life and a quarter-size horses designed to look as though they are galloping through the Berkeley Group Holdings development in Goodman's Fields, in the Spitalfields district of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, in east London. The sculptures were revealed at the end of June 2015 and in 2016, <mask> was awarded the Public Monuments and Sculpture Association's (PMSA) annual Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture and Public Fountains. <mask>'s work was exhibited at the opening of the Clarendon Fine Art gallery in Hampstead, London alongside work from prominent contemporary artists, Todd White, Sherree Valentine-Daines and Christian Hook. Artistic style

<mask>'s sculptures are distinctive for a highly accurate anatomical core covered by a loose, almost impressionistic skin. He is capable of turning his hand to almost any creature, as his extensive range of work reveals. This loose style allows him to highlight the differences in, for instance muscle groups, hair texture and even capture character via a careful working of eyes, nose and other defining features.His sculpting style is underpinned by a striking sympathy with animal kind. He has stated, "Having spent so much time studying wildlife in its natural environment, I've developed a true understanding of animal behaviour". Indeed, when in the field in places like Africa and Antarctica, as well as his camera, he will also take plasticine with him. Family

Mackie is married with three daughters. References

1973 births
Living people
Alumni of Falmouth University
Alumni of Kingston University
Artists from Reading, Berkshire
English male sculptors

masks:
Hamish Mackie
Hamish Mackie
Mackie
Mackie
Mackie
Mackie
Mackie


text_chunks:
<mask> (born September 8, 1985) is a Canadian speedskater from Fort St. John, British Columbia. He is an Olympic champion as a member of Canada's men's team pursuit, an event which he also won silver in at the 2006 Winter Olympics. <mask> won his first individual Olympic medal in Sochi when he won a silver in the men's 1000 m after teammate Gilmore Junio selflessly gave up his spot in order for <mask>, who fell at the national qualification event, failed to originally qualify. He won a second individual medal at those games, a bronze in the 1500 m. With four total Olympic medals, <mask> shares the record for the most medals of any Canadian male long track speed skaters along with Gaétan Boucher. Primarily a middle distance skater in the 1000 and 1500 m events, he held the world record time of 1:42.01 from March 14, 2008, to March 6, 2009, in the 1500 m. The time is still the Canadian record for the distance. <mask> finished in 4th place in the Junior World Allround Championships in 2004 and 2005, and a 5th place in his first senior World Allround in 2006. He has also won twelve medals at the World Championships, with two gold, six silver, and four bronze medals to his name.<mask> once held the 9th place on the allround best-ever Adelskalender. Career
At the 2006 Winter Olympics, <mask> won a silver medal as part of the Canadian men's speed skating pursuit team. Individually, <mask> won a silver in the 1500 m and a bronze in the 1000 m at a World Cup event in Turin in 2005–06. In 2007, <mask> won gold in the 1000 metre event in Calgary in the World Cup finals with a time of 1:07:24. He set a Canadian record, bettering his idol, Jeremy Wotherspoon. In that same weekend, <mask> also won a bronze in the 1500 metre event. <mask> also participated in the 2007 World Single Distance Championships, and achieved good results, winning three medals, bronze in the 1500 m and silver in the 1000 m, losing both times to Shani Davis.In the team pursuit event he, along with Arne Dankers and Justin Warsylewicz, set an early best time, which broke the old team pursuit world record (previously held by <mask>, Dankers and Steven Elm), but the Dutch team of Sven Kramer, Erben Wennemars and Carl Verheijen would go on to beat the time set by Canada by five-tenths of a second, relegating Canada to 2nd place. In 2008 <mask> topped his result from the year before at the World Single Distance Championships in Nagano, Japan. He took the bronze medal in the 1000 meters, but won the 1500 m and took home the gold medal. A week later, at the ING Finale at the Olympic Oval in Calgary, he set a new world record in the 1500 meters in a time of 1:42.01, beating the old record held by both Shani Davis and Erben Wennemars. He competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver where he went in as a strong medal favourite in all three of his competitive events. Despite competing on home ice <mask> was unable to win an individual medal, his best finish was a ninth in the 1500 m. He did find the medal podium though when he won a gold medal in the team pursuit along with Lucas Makowsky and Mathieu Giroux. After the Olympics, <mask> considered retirement with some time away from summer training.Eventually he re-joined the World Cup circuit and eventually finished the season winning silver at the 2011 WSD Championships, with his team pursuit team. Re-motivated for 2012, he finished the season by winning his second World Championship title, again in the 1500 m. <mask>'s 2013 season was off to a great start with an initial win at the first World Cup in Heerenveen, Netherlands, and finished the fall World Cup circuit leading the 1000 m points total so far. <mask> then injured himself while training in Fernie, British Columbia, breaking his tibia. At the time he was the leader of the 2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup. 2014 Winter Olympics
Having to come back from injury, <mask> qualified for the men's 1500 m and the national trials for the Sochi Olympics. In the 1000 m disaster struck when he fell meaning he was unable to qualify for one of his best events. Though <mask> had two team pursuit medals to his name, he had yet to achieve an individual medal, a medal which he felt was missing from his collection.Gilmore Junio, a fellow athlete, relinquished his spot in order for <mask> to skate the event at the Olympics just days before the event was to take place. At the 2014 Winter Olympics <mask> won silver in the 1000 m trailing the eventual winner Stefan Groothuis by 4/100ths of a second. After the race <mask> made sure to first thank Junio "I have to thank my teammate Gilmore Junio because without him none of this would have been possible." He later added, "Props to my entire support team, and not just my teammates – Gilmore, huge move, definitely – but the therapists, the coaches, the team leader, everyone had a part in this medal and I'm so happy to share with all my entire team." Following his silver medal performance, <mask> competed in his originally scheduled 1500 m event. Skating in the 15th pair of twenty he took over the lead until later pairings of Poland's Zbigniew Bródka took over the lead. Bródka would eventually end in a photo finish tie with Koen Verweij which would push <mask> into third and the bronze medal position.This gave <mask> his fourth ever Olympic medal, equaling Gaétan Boucher for the most medals by a Canadian male long track speed skater. Post-Sochi
The 2015 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships meant more success for <mask> where he won two silver medals, an individual in the 1,500 m and a second in the team pursuit with Ted-Jan Bloemen and Jordan Belchos. <mask> said of the team's silver that "With (Bloemen) coming over this summer, it was a new team, and we struggled early on this season. So we had to communicate, find out what our flaws were, correct our flaws, and we had better results... And today, it all came together. This is just the beginning for us, on the road to the 2018 Olympics.". <mask> suffered a fractured femur in a motorcycle accident in May 2015 leaving him with a steel rod permanently implanted in his leg and unable to recall where he was or how he had gotten there. Just eleven months after the accident <mask> again befell misfortune when he announced in late April 2016 that he had suffered a stroke in Utah during a 25-day bicycle ride from Arizona to Utah.2018 Winter Olympics
<mask> qualified to compete for Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Sponsorships
Though <mask> had many short term sponsors leading into his home Olympics, he was aligned primarily with DNOW since 2007. DNOW and his other sponsor, Pomeroy Hotel Group both failed to sign a renewal sponsorship past 2015 after <mask> was badly injured in a motorcycle crash. He worked with Nike from 2008 to 2013, B2Ten from 2006 to 2009, was a CAN Fund recipient in 2009 and 2014, 2018, and a recipient of the Investors Group Athlete Grant in 2008 and 2009. <mask>’s long comeback from the 2015 motorcycle crash (and resulting stroke in 2016) were backed by InjaNation and Mawer, who sponsored <mask> through his 4th Olympics in 2018, and until the end of his career at the conclusion of the 2018/2019 season

Personal life
<mask> is married to fellow speed skater Josie Spence. He survived a debilitating stroke at age 30 and a motorcycle crash a year earlier. Records

Personal records

World records

Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com

References

External links

 "The ball has just started rolling..." – January 2009
 <mask> crowns season with world title and world record, March 2008
 Video of <mask>'s world record race in the 1500 m; 1:42.01, March 14, 2008
 <mask> at SpeedSkatingStats.com
 Photos of <mask>

1985 births
Living people
Canadian male speed skaters
Speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic speed skaters of Canada
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
World record setters in speed skating
People from Fort St. John, British Columbia
People from the Peace River Regional District
Sportspeople from British Columbia

masks:
Denny Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Denny Morrison
Denny Morrison
Denny Morrison
Denny Morrison


text_chunks:
<mask>Bob<mask> (born 1951) is a conservative Republican politician in Oakland County, Michigan and is an Oakland County Commissioner. Biography

<mask> was born in Berkley, Michigan and attended Berkley High School. He attended, but did not graduate from Lawrence Technological University, where he studied engineering. He is also a licensed builder, licensed realtor and licensed heating contractor. He is married to <mask> and has three children. Political career

<mask> was elected to the Troy City Council in 1993. He served until 1997.In 1998, he was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives to represent the then-42nd District which included portions of Rochester Hills and Troy. He was re-elected to the same seat in 2000. In 2002, after his district was consolidated into Troy and Clawson, he ran for and lost a Michigan Senate seat against incumbent Shirley Johnson in the 13th District. In 2004, <mask> again sat in the Michigan House, this time representing the new 41st District. In 2006, <mask> became a candidate for County Commissioner in the 13th District which includes the southern portion of  Rochester Hills and a northern  portion of Troy with a portion of Bloomfield Township. He unseated a moderate Republican incumbent, Will Molnar, in the primary. He handily won his general election bid for that seat.According to the Oakland Press:
However, with Gosselin term-limited out-of-office, the younger Knollenberg became the Republican nominee for State House in 2006, defeating Mike Bosnic in the August 2006 primary. Bosnic, who also ran in 2004 in a three-way race against Gosselin, was endorsed by <mask> in 2006. Despite <mask>'s endorsement, Knollenberg won by 7%, or roughly 700 votes, over Bosnic. Political philosophy

Gosselin has achieved a reputation of being a conservative who appeals to the religious right as well as a strong libertarian bloc of Oakland County politics. As such, he has gained the reputation of challenging establishment mainstream, moderate, and liberal Republicans. This was the case in his 2002 bid for the State Senate as well as his 2004 House election. Gosselin has traditionally supported a strong relationship between State Government and Judeo-Christian religion.He has sponsored various legislation to place the words "In God We Trust" and the Ten Commandments at the Michigan State Capitol in Lansing. In support of this legislation, which failed, but ultimately won by putting them in the Lansing Capital thru House Resolutions HCR 0056 of 2002 and HR 0024 of 2005. Gosselin traveled the state with fellow Republican Representative Jack Hoogendyk with the 2.6-ton granite tablets involved in the 2003 Justice Roy Moore Ten Commandments controversy. Gosselin holds the controversial belief that the U.S. Constitution does not deliberately dictate a separation between church and state and instead is a mere protection of all religious beliefs. Consistent with his conservative philosophy, Gosselin also strongly opposes abortion. In the legislature he supported bills that would make it illegal to coerce a woman into having a legal abortion, requiring ultrasounds to be shown prior to abortions, to prohibit physicians and health facilities from accepting prepayment for abortions, and to establish a "Choose Life Fund," funded with revenue from the sale of a "Choose Life" specialty license plate. Despite his interest in government regulation of abortion and association of government with religion, Gosselin has maintained significant support for and from libertarians.For instance, he endorsed libertarian David Eisenbacher for City Council in Troy. This is because of his strong opposition to state and local regulations, taxation and benefits. While in the legislature, he voted against every single budget citing overspending in State Government. He was the author of a package of legislation known as "Michigan Citizens First," which cut welfare benefits from illegal immigrants. He consistently favored substantial cuts to government welfare programs. However, with Gosselin term-limited out-of-office, the younger Knollenberg became the Republican nominee for State House in 2006, defeating Mike Bosnic in the August 2006 primary. Bosnic, who also ran in 2004 in a three-way race against Gosselin, was endorsed by <mask> in 2006.Despite <mask>'s endorsement, Knollenberg won by 7%, or roughly 700 votes, over Bosnic. 2006 State Senate election

In 2006, <mask> initially ran for the Michigan Senate against fellow State Representative Shelley Taub. Many state political observers were anticipating a lively free-for-all between these two. This prediction was based upon the open animus between former Senator Shirley Johnson and Gosselin. Gosselin accused Johnson, who is a moderate Republican, of accepting donations from a pro-Gay group. He also attacked her position on abortion. Johnson actively worked for Marty Knollenberg's 2004 campaign against Gosselin.A joke between many observers was that if <mask> were to win the Republican nomination, Johnson would endorse the Democrat, and one Republican insider seriously acknowledged this possibility. When Democrat Andy Levin, son of Congressman Sander Levin and nephew of U.S. Senator Carl Levin, entered the race, however, Republican leadership became concerned. Former Michigan Senator and fellow Troy State Representative John Pappageorge was coaxed by the Michigan Republican Party to run for the 13th District seat, as they believed he was the only one with the name recognition and fundraising ability to retain the seat in the general election. When Pappageorge entered the race, <mask> dropped out. Pappageorge defeated Taub in the primary in August 2006 by a two-to-one margin. He narrowly defeated Andy Levin in one of the closest and most controversial state senate races in November, by a margin less than that of the vote totals accumulated by the Green Party candidate.Election history

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align=left valign=top | 1998 Candidate
! align=right | Party
! align=right | Popular votes
! align=right | Vote percentage
|-
| align=left valign=top|<mask>
| valign="top"|Republican
| valign="top"|20,285
| valign="top"|68%
|-
| align=left valign=top|Jacquelyn Moore
| valign="top"|Democrat
| valign="top"|9,712
| valign="top"|32%
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align=left valign=top | 2000 Candidate
! align=right | Party
!align=right | Popular votes
! align=right | Vote percentage
|-
| align=left valign=top|<mask>
| valign="top"|Republican
| valign="top"|27,104
| valign="top"|67%
|-
| align=left valign=top|Jerry Bixby
| valign="top"|Democrat
| valign="top"|13,279
| valign="top"|32%
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
|}

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align=left valign=top | 2002 Candidate
! align=right | Party
! align=right | Popular votes
! align=right | Vote percentage
|-
| align=left valign=top|Shirley Johnson
| valign="top"|Republican
| valign="top"|13,412
| valign="top"|55%
|-
| align=left valign=top|<mask>
| valign="top"|Republican
| valign="top"|11,141
| valign="top"|45%
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
|}

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align=left valign=top | 2004 Candidate
!align=right | Party
! align=right | Popular votes
! <mask> represents district 13. 1951 births
County commissioners in Michigan
Lawrence Technological University alumni
Living people
Members of the Michigan House of Representatives
People from Berkley, Michigan
21st-century American politicians

masks:
Robert (
) Gosselin
Gosselin
Jan Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Gosselin
Bob Gosselin
Bob Gosselin
Bob Gosselin
Gosselin


text_chunks:
<mask> (2 November 1919 – 5 February 1995) was an American flying ace of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II who held the unusual distinction of scoring an official air-to-air kill against another American Aircraft. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross twice and a Purple Heart. He flew a North American P-51 Mustang fighter aircraft with the nickname "Bad Angel". Curdes was one of only three American pilots to shoot down aircraft belonging to the German, the Italian and Japanese air forces. He was also involved in an incident where he intentionally shot down an American cargo plane. In total, Curdes shot down seven German Messerschmitt Bf 109s, an Italian Macchi C.202 fighter, a Japanese Mitsubishi Ki-46 reconnaissance aircraft and an American Douglas C-47 Skytrain. Early life
<mask> was born on 2 November 1919, to Esther (nee Kover) and Walter Curdes, he grew up in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and enrolled at Purdue University.After three years of study, he joined the Army Reserve on 12 March 1942. He became a 2nd Lieutenant, graduating from Flying School on 3 December 1942, at Luke Field, Arizona at the age of 22 and was posted to the Mediterranean theater. World War II

North Africa and Italy
He joined the 329th Fighter Group, a unit of the United States Army Air Forces but was transferred to the 82d Fighter Group, 95th Fighter Squadron, where he saw action in North Africa, Sardinia and Italy, flying a Lockheed P-38 Lightning. On 29 April 1943, he shot down three German Messerschmitt Bf 109 aircraft and damaged a fourth near Cape Bon, in Tunisia. 19 May,  he shot down two more Bf 109s near Villacidro, Sardinia. In less than a month of combat, Curdes became a flying ace. On 24 June, he shot down an Italian Macchi C.202 over Sardinia.He damaged a German Bf 109 on 30 July over Pratica di Mare, Italy. His last two victories in Europe were two Bf 109s over Benevento, Italy. Capture and escape
On 27 August 1943, Curdes was shot down whilst in combat with German aircraft over Salerno, Italy. He was captured by the Italians and sent to a prison camp near Rome. He may have been the 63rd victory of Luftwaffe   Franz Schieß of 8./JG 53. A few days later, the Italians signed an Armistice with the Allies. In response to this, Germany invaded its former ally.Curdes and some other pilots escaped before the Germans took control of the POW camp. Curdes was repatriated to the US and returned to his hometown in Fort Wayne. Curdes requested a return to active duty and joined the 4th Fighter Squadron and the 3rd Air Commando in the Pacific in August 1944, flying the P-51 Mustang. Pacific Campaign and shooting down an American aircraft
By November 1944, parts of the Philippines were again under US control. His unit, the 3d Air Commando Group, had the task of bombing Japanese bases and providing support to ground troops. They also raided Japanese facilities along the coast of China and the island of Taiwan, providing escort duties to Allied ships, dropping supplies from the air, delivering mail, and evacuating the wounded. On 7 February 1945, Curdes flew a P-51 about  southwest of Taiwan, where he shot down a Japanese Mitsubishi Ki-46-II reconnaissance aircraft and by doing so, he had now shot down aircraft from the three major Axis powers.On 10 February, Curdes, now a lieutenant, formed a squadron of four aircraft that departed from Mangaldan Airfield in the Philippines. Their objective was to investigate if the Japanese were using a temporary airstrip on the southern tip of Taiwan. No airfield could be found and Curdes returned to the Philippines. Flying over the island of Batan, the squadron split; Curdes and Lieutenant Schmidtke headed north, while Lieutenants Scalley and La Croix headed south. Scalley and La Croix located a small Japanese airfield and attacked it and also called for reinforcement, Curdes and Schmidtke headed south to join them. During the attack on the airfield, La Croix was shot down and made an emergency landing in the sea. As the squadron circled, Curdes could see that his companion had survived, and remained in the area to guide a rescue plane and protect the downed pilot.While covering La Croix, Curdes noticed a larger plane preparing to land at the Batan airfield. He flew to investigate and found the aircraft to be a Douglas C-47 transport with US insignia. Curdes tried to make contact by radio but was not successful. He maneuvered his P-51 in front of the plane several times trying to get the C-47 to alter course, but the C-47 maintained its course. Curdes reasoned that it was better to shoot down the aircraft rather than to allow the crew to be taken prisoners by the Japanese and fired into one of the C-47's two engines, causing it to fail. The C-47 maintained its course for the Batan airfield, so Curdes disabled the other engine, forcing the pilot to ditch in the sea. The plane successfully ditched without breaking up, and the crew was able to evacuate into a lifeboat.La Croix approached and was brought on board the C-47's life raft, where he was informed about the situation. The plane had apparently been lost in poor weather and its radio had stopped working. As it was also running out of fuel, the pilot headed directly to the island's airstrip, unaware that it was under Japanese control. At this point, poor light and lack of fuel forced Curdes to return to base. The next morning, he accompanied the rescue PBY to pick up the downed C-47 pilot and 11 crew members, including two nurses, all of whom had survived the incident. To Curdes's surprise, he discovered that one of the nurses was a woman with whom he had had a date the night before the incident (Svetlana Valeria). She and Curdes were married in 1946.Contrary to subsequent reports, Curdes did not receive a Distinguished Flying Cross for that event, although he did receive credit for the "Kill" and displayed it on his aircraft. His unit was later transferred to Gabu Airfield in Laoag, Philippines, from where he attacked Japanese positions in northern Luzon and Okinawa until the end of the war. After the war
After World War II, he joined an Air National Guard unit at Baer Field and remained there until 1948. In Allen County, Indiana, 2 April 1946, he married Svetlana Valeria Curdes and returned to active duty, this time again with the United States Air Force. He participated in the Berlin airlift during the opening stages of the Cold War. He was promoted to major on 1 September 1951, and retired from the Air Force as a lieutenant colonel in October 1963. After his retirement, he started a construction company under the name of Curdes Builders Company.<mask> died on 5 February 1995, at the age of 75, and was buried at Lindenwood Cemetery in Fort Wayne. His widow Valeria died on 10 October 2013, at the age of 87. A replica of his P-51 "Bad Angel" is currently in the Pima Air Museum in Tucson, Arizona. References

United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
1995 deaths
1919 births
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Purdue University alumni
American World War II flying aces
Aviators from Indiana
Military personnel from Indiana
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
United States Army Air Forces officers
Indiana National Guard personnel
Businesspeople from Indiana

masks:
Louis Edward Curdes
Louis Curdes
Louis Curdes


text_chunks:
Crash (born <mask>; October 11, 1961 in Bronx, New York) is a graffiti artist. Early life
As early as 13, <mask> was spray painting New York City trains, the full image art as opposed to simpler tagging soon transferred to silk screened canvas. Recognition
Crash was first noticed through his murals on subway cars and dilapidated buildings and is now regarded as a pioneer of the Graffiti art movement. His work is said to convey a "visual link between street life and established society". and in 1980, Crash curated the now iconic exhibition:"Graffiti Art Success for America" at Fashion MODA, launching the graffiti movement that has remained very active through today. During the 1980s, Crash had exhibits across the United States and abroad. Galerie Yaki Kornblit was the first instrumental gallery in Amsterdam that help launch his career in Europe.In 1981, Crash, along with 10 other artists were chosen by The Public Art Fund to design animated imagery for The Spectacolor Billboard in Times Square. In 1983, Crash was given his first gallery showing by Sidney Janis at the Sidney Janis Gallery, Chase Manhattan, N.A., as well as CITIBANK, N.A., and other collections came calling. In 1988, he sprayed Notes in the Wind measuring 178 x 178 centimeters to be exhibited and eventually to be owned by the Peter Stuyvesant Foundation in Zevenaar, Netherlands. Eric Clapton Graffiti Guitars
In 1996, Crash painted an Eric Clapton Signature Stratocaster and gave it to the artist as a gift. Clapton went on to use the specially designed guitar through his 2001 tour and later appeared with another. In total Crash has created 5 guitars for Clapton, though only three of them have made public appearances. One of Clapton's "Crashocasters" (nicknamed by Eric's former guitar tech, Lee Dickson) auctioned for $321,100 (USD) by the name of "Crash-3" and was used extensively during the first Crossroads Guitar Festival in 2004.Soon after Fender Musical Instruments commissioned the creation of 50 such graffiti designed guitars from Crash and named the line "Crashocasters." Crash went on to also design a line of custom painted Telecasters with matching Fender amps. Other artists such as <mask> and Ed Sheeran have used the custom painted Crashocaster guitars. Crash painted another Crashocaster which Clapton played at the Crossroads Guitar Festival 2019 held at American Airlines Center of Dallas (Texas) on September 20th and 21st, 2019. Crash x Teddy M Stratocaster for Ed Sheeran
In 2015, musician Ed Sheeran commissioned a collaboration between Crash and British artist Teddy M to create the 'Crash x Teddy M' Stratocaster. The guitar features Crash's famous eye design and the Teddy M Heart and was debuted by Sheeran during his sold out Wembley Stadium, London shows in July 2015. Keith Haring Collaborations
In 1984, Crash along with Keith Haring painted mural installations for the 5/5 Figuration Libre France/USA at the Musée d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris and in 1995, Crash was commissioned by British American Tobacco to create a commission for Lucky Strike brand cigarette, joining fellow artist Keith Haring to create a special work for this company and their collection.Notable Exhibitions
In July 2006, the pieces titled "Aeroplane 1" (1983) and "A-U-T-O-matic",(1985), along with other paintings from their permanent collection were displayed in the Brooklyn Museum of Art in a featured exhibit titled "Graffiti." In 2009, Crash held his first exhibition of painted guitars and guitar related artwork in NYC. In 2016, a new series of canvas spray paintings were displayed at JoAnne Artman Gallery in Chelsea for his solo exhibition entitled, "Breaking Ground: Redefining the Urban Experience." In 2018, Crash showed at JoAnne Artman Gallery again for another show, "Concrete Jungle." 30 Year Retrospective
In 2010, Crash held a 30-year retrospective at Fairfield University's Walsh Gallery. Crash was asked by Sanrio to create a series of paintings to be shown at Art Basel, Miami Beach, FL, featuring Hello Kitty and other characters from Sanrio's catalogue. Notable Projects
Also, in 2010, Crash was commissioned to create a special limited edition luggage for TUMI, Inc.  A painting was created and used for the design, which was released worldwide in 2011.Same day releases were coordinated in Tokyo, Hong Kong, New York, Germany, Paris and London. Crash is one of the New York artist featured at MOCA, The David Geffen Building, Los Angeles' "Art in the Streets", April–August 2011. In 2011, Crash held his first print survey exhibition in Southport, Ct., at Southport Galleries. In 2012, Crash was asked to participate in painting on Paris' Le M.U.R. In 2014, Crash was asked to create a series of murals for The Little Italy Street Art ( L.I.S.A. ) Project as well for T.A.G. Project, The Bronx, NY.He was also asked to participate on painting at The Bushwick Collective, Brooklyn, NY. Crash also created a line of shoe wear for ASH Footwear. In 2014, Crash along with partner Robert Kantor, opened WALLWORKSNY, in the South Bronx, to showcase both young, emerging local artists as well as established artist both local and international. In 2015, Crash continued his long standing association with the TATSCRU by painting a series of murals, as well with The L.I.S.A. Project. Also in 2015, he was commissioned to participate and install a mural in Coney Island for Coney Art Walls in cooperation with Thor Equities and Jeffrey Deitch, Brooklyn, NY. He created a site specific mural at Villa Tamaris, La Seyne sur Mer, France, as wall as a retrospective exhibition of his work, spanning 30 years.The end of 2015 found Crash creating his last installation for the year at Wynwood Walls, Wynwood, Miami for Goldman Properties. In 2016, Crash was commissioned to create a 200-foot mural at the new wing of The Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, Canada, as well as accepting a mural commission at Sun Life Stadium, Miami, Florida, and new installations for The L.I.S.A. Project and a new mural for Coney Art Walls in cooperation with Thor Equities and Jeffrey Deitch, Brooklyn, NY. (Houston/Bowery Wall, NYC)

In 2019, Crash participated in the New York City's "Beyond the Streets," bringing a massive new showcase of the evolution of graffiti and street art to the city that helped it become a global phenomenon. Public Collections
Boca Raton Museum of Art
Museum of Modern Art, NYC
Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY
New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, LA
Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art, AZ
Museum of the City of New York, NYC
Flint Institute, Flint, MI
Groniger Museum, Groningen, The Netherlands
Museum Boymans-van Beuninger, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Aachen, Nue Galerie-Sammlung Ludwig, Germany
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Ft. Wayne Museum, Ft. Wayne, Indiana
Cedar Rapids Museum, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Vero Beach Museum, Vero Beach, FL
Vieques Museum, Vieques, Puerto Rico
Naples Museum of Art, Naples, FL
Orlando Museum of Art, Orlando, FL

References

External links
Crash Homepage
Crash Journal -  Pad
Crash - Blog
Crashocasters
An interview with <mask>
 Exhibition in Addict Galerie, Paris, 2010

1961 births
Living people
American graffiti artists
People from the Bronx
Artists from the Bronx

masks:
John Matos
John Matos
John Mayer
John Matos


text_chunks:
Paul-<mask> is a French early modern historian and expert in the political and religious ideas from early modernity. He is a professor at the University of Geneva (College of Letters) and a member of the Institute of Reformation History. Formerly, he was a professor at the University of Cergy-Pontoise, and at the University of Tours (Center for Advanced Renaissance Studies). His specializations include the history of political ideas and the history of religious practices of the sixteenth century, notably inter-confessional exchanges, methods of territorial domination, disinformation techniques during times of war, tensions stemming from diversities of opinion, constructions of religious identities and conversions, "remonstrances" printed in Europe, Biblical interpretations, Royal entries, regicides, and oaths. Biography
After completing his studies in philosophy (Paris-Sorbonne) and history (Panthéon-Sorbonne),  <mask> passed his "aggregation" in history and devoted his thesis to Protestant Monarchomachs under the direction of Gérald Chaix (l'université de Tours/CESR, 2004). His habilitation concerned the "remonstrances" printed in France between 1550 and 1600 and was completed under the direction of Denis Crouzet (Paris-Sorbonne, 2017). <mask> was awarded several research grants, allowing him to study in Geneva (BGE/IHR), Brussels (Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique), Wolfenbüttel (Bibliotheca Augusta), Chicago (Newberry Library) and Madison (Institute for Research in the Humanities).Research
Mellet focuses on the history of Protestant reforms and the history of political ideas, notably perceptions of authorities during the Modern era (end of 15th c. to beginning of 16th c.) and the varying degrees of resistance or acceptance that they were met with. He is also interested in the history of books and the history of European wars in France, Switzerland, Germany, Savoy, the Netherlands, and England. Around these themes, he has published ten books, organized some 30 academic trips and symposiums and given over 80 papers and lectures in Europe and the United States. He has contributed to a number of publications on modern European history and taken part in several scientific popularization projects for the general public (television and radio segments, public lectures, etc.). He regularly contributes to a number of French reviews (RHMC, BSHPF, RHR, CRMH, etc.) and international reviews (Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, Church History and Religious Culture, Sixteenth Century Journal). At the CESR, he co-directed two collections with the publishers Champion (Savoir de Mantice) and Garnier (Travaux du CESR).He has published the majority of his works with Droz (Geneva). Monarchomachs
With the study of French-speaking Protestant Monarchomachs (French Huguenot theorists who opposed monarchy, known in particular for having theoretically justified tyrannicide), <mask> is interested in undertakings starting in 1560 that aimed to oppose the tightening of religious policy in France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. In particular, he has showed that the term Monarchomachs, coined in 1600 by the jurist William Barclay in order to collectively denounce Calvinists and members of the Catholic League who were, according to him, opposed to monarchy, ought to be decoupled from its etymology and initial context and adapted to fit five criteria: legitimate resistance, rejection of tyranny, double alliance (between God, the people and the king), conditional obedience, and the sovereignty of the people (through their representatives). With these criteria, it is possible to create a list of ten "Protestant Monarchomach" texts, of which the most well-known are François Hotman's Francogallia (1573), Théodore de Bèze's Droit des magistrats sur leurs sujets (1574), Jean de Coras' Question politique (1569) and Réveille-matin des François (1574). There are also the less celebrated treatises, such as Remonstrance aus seigneurs gentilshommes (1574), Discours politiques des diverses puissances establies de Dieu au monde (1576), Question, assavoir s'il est licite sauver la vie aux massacreurs (1573), and Questions, assavoir s'il est loisible aux sujets de se deffendre contre le Magistrat (1573). Once Barclay's restrictive definition is shed, we can not only study the conceptual foundation of these works from the point of view of their system of historical references (Saint Thomas, Grégoire de Tours, etc.) and biblical references (1 Samuel 8, Romains 13,1), but also measure their spread throughout Europe (Frankfurt Book Fair, public and private library catalogs).Remonstrances
Another dimension of <mask>'s research consists of the study of remonstrances printed in Europe between 1550 and 1650. Despite appearing suddenly and multiplying rapidly during periods of religious tension and civil war (in France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Empire, England, and Savoy), reaching 700 publications between 1560 and 1600 in France alone, these texts of circumstance had not been the object of any specific study until now. In contrast with Monarchomachian treatises, remonstrances are more situated in an institutional framework (particularly in the case for parliamentary remonstrances) and constitute an opposition of lower intensity. They are primarily intended to address the prince, along with his council and religious authorities, and to peacefully temper a given decision or edict. In return, the prince can address a remonstrance to his people to return order (Remonstrance aux habitants de Marseille, qu'il n'y a rien de plus profitable que de se conserver souz l'obeyssance de leurs Roys naturels, Lyon, Thomas Soubron, 1597). Only certain remonstrances take on a rhetoric of invective, like the remonstrances of the Catholic League after 1588. The other texts are characterized by lamentations of the present and adopt the rhetoric of "the miseries of the time" (Remonstrance a la Royne mere du Roy, par ceux qui sont persecutez pour la parole de Dieu, s.l., 1561).Remonstrance, in reality, reinforces the position of power which it addresses, thanks to various processes of humility and exhortations to, for instance, modify the religious legislation under Philippe II in the Netherlands or to force the adoption of decrees of the Council of Trent in France. Above all, remonstrances provide the opportunity to see political and religious conflicts from the perspective of the day, demonstrating that, despite the tension, violence, and wars, some spaces of negotiation subsisted that were actively conserved by certain actors. The civil wars of the 15th and 16th centuries were not periods during which all dialogue was cast aside, specifically between Catholics and Protestants; to the contrary, remonstrances maintained spaces of exchange and negotiation within armed conflict. He has also created an international research group on "The remonstrances of the Ancien Régime (15th-18th c.)" with Ullrich Langer (University of Wisconsin-Madison). This team of 30 European and American researchers studies remonstrances in a multidisciplinary fashion across law, literature, history, philosophy, rhetoric, theology, and political science. They have gathered several times since 2011, notably in Tours, Paris, Chicago, and Wolfenbüttel. An overview of these works is underway at Garnier with anticipated publication in 2020.Selected publications

Books

 "Et de sa bouche sortait un glaive". Les Monarchomaques au xvie, actes du colloque de Tours (mai 2003), Genève, Droz, 2006, 192 pages. Les Traités Monarchomaques. Confusion des temps, résistance armée et monarchie parfaite (vers 1560-vers 1600), Genève  Droz, 2007, 584 p.
 with Florence Alazard and Laurent Gerbier (dir. ), Empire et domination territoriale, in Astérion. Philosophie, histoire des idées, pensée politique, ENS Lyon, , 2012, https://astérion.revues.org/2221. with Jérémie Foa (dir.), Le Bruit des armes. Mises en formes et désinformations en Europe au temps des guerres de Religion (1560–1610), actes du colloque de Tours (novembre 2009), Paris, Honoré Champion, 2012, 430 p.
 with Annie Duprat and Claire Soussen (ed. ), Bon gré mal gré: les échanges interconfessionnels dans l'Occident chrétien (XIIe-XVIIIe siècles), in Cahiers de recherches médiévales et humanistes, Orléans, 24, 2012, .
 with Elise Boillet and Sonia Cavicchioli (ed. ), Les figures de David à la Renaissance, Geneva, Droz, 2014, 549 p.
 with Florence Alazard, Laurent Gerbier and Stephan Geonget (ed. ), Dissensus. Pratiques et représentations de la diversité des opinions (1500–1650), Paris, Honoré Champion, 2016, 256 p.
 with Jean-Raymond Fanlo and Marino Lambiase (ed. ), critical edition of Eusèbe Philadelphe Cosmopolite, Le Reveille-matin des François et de leurs voisins (1574), Paris, Garnier, 2016, 561 p.
 with Florence Alazard, Laurent Gerbier, Stephan Geonget and Romain Ménini (ed.), critical edition of Conseil à la France désolée de Sébastien Castellion, Geneva, Droz, 2017, 167-287 p.
 with Odette Turias, critical edition of Histoire de France de La Popelinière (1581), livres VII (P.-A. Mellet) et VIII (O. Turias), Geneva, Droz, 2019, 567 p.

Notes and references

1970 births
Living people
21st-century French historians
Writers from Paris
21st-century French male writers
University of Geneva faculty
Pantheon-Sorbonne University alumni
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
French expatriates in Switzerland
University of Tours faculty

masks:
Alexis Mellet
Mellet
Mellet
Mellet
Mellet


text_chunks:
<mask> is an American cardiologist and the current Executive Vice President of Strategy at ModeX Therapeutics in Natick, Massachusetts. Prior to this role, she served as President of Brigham Health and its Brigham and Women's Hospital, Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and Director of the NIH's National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Education
<mask> was born <mask> and raised in St. Paul, Minnesota. Nabel became interested in biomedicine during scientific research at St. Olaf College. She graduated summa cum laude from St. Olaf in 1974 and earned her MD degree from Weill Cornell Medical College in 1981. As a senior medical student, she spent a month's elective in cardiology at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. She later returned to Brigham and Women’s Hospital for her house staff training in internal medicine, interested in linking clinical medicine with research.She considered cardiology the best match for her because she considered it the best specialty to make advances as a physician-scientist. Career
In 1987, on completion of fellowships in Boston, <mask> and husband <mask> moved to the University of Michigan, where Nabel ascended through the academic ranks to Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Director of a new, interdepartmental, and multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center and became Chief of the Cardiology Division. <mask> moved to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1999 to become Scientific Director of Clinical Research and Chief of the Vascular Biology Section in the intramural program of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). As director of the NIH’s National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute from 2005 to 2009, Nabel had a history of advocacy and broadening access to care. She leveraged the $3 billion research portfolio to establish pioneering scientific programs in genomics, stem cells, and translational research. During her tenure, NHLBI was the first NIH institute to expedite review for new investigator research grant applications. She was a co-founder of the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases.One of her signature advocacy efforts was the Red Dress Heart Truth campaign, which raises heart awareness in women through industry partnerships. In 2010, <mask> returned to Brigham and Women’s Hospital as president and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Nabel’s diverse experience as a physician, research scientist, executive, and advocate has molded her vision for the future of academic medicine. At Brigham Health, Nabel led an organizational transformation focused on innovation and building a collaborative culture to reshape healthcare delivery, compassionate care, scientific discovery, and training the next generation of medical and scientific leaders. Her focus was on global expansion of Brigham Health, research commercialization and philanthropy, having raised more than $1.75 billion. In 2021, <mask> joined ModeX Therapeutics, a company she founded with Drs. <mask> and Elias Zerhouni focused on immune therapies for cancer and infectious diseases.Biomedical research
An accomplished physician-scientist, <mask>’s work on the molecular genetics of cardiovascular diseases has produced 17 patents and more than 250 scientific publications. <mask>’s scientific contributions in cardiovascular gene transfer have developed molecular and cellular techniques, delineated the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and clarified the processes of cell division and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. <mask>'s studies on Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome have characterized the vascular smooth muscle cell defect leading to premature heart attack and stroke. She conducted clinical studies to understand the contribution of genetic factors to proliferative and inflammatory diseases in blood vessels, including common diseases like atherosclerosis and the rare, premature aging in Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome. In November 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved lonafarnib, which helps prevent buildup of defective progerin and similar proteins. A clinical trial in 2018 pointed to significantly lower mortality rates ~ treatment with lonafarnib alone compared with no treatment (3.7% vs. 33.3%) ~ at a median post-trial follow-up time span of 2.2 years. At her NHLBI laboratory, Nabel delineated the mechanisms by which cell cycle and growth factor proteins regulate the proliferation of vascular cells in blood vessels, a process important for the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis.Her vascular biology laboratory characterized the role of cell cycle inhibitors on vascular proliferation and inflammation, and this research has opened up new avenues for therapeutic targets in the vasculature. Nabel contributed to both policy and basic research on embryonic stem cells. National Football League
Building on her lifelong commitment to improving health through science, in 2015 <mask> was appointed chief health and medical advisor to the National Football League. In this newly created advisory role, Nabel provided strategic input to the NFL’s medical, health and scientific efforts; participated as an ex-officio member on each of the NFL’s medical advisory committees; and identified areas for the NFL to enhance player safety, care and treatment. <mask> stepped down from this role in 2017 after she guided the NFL to hire its first Chief Medical Officer. Boards
<mask> serves on the Boards of Medtronic, Moderna, the Lasker Foundation, and the Broad Institute. Nabel has served on the editorial boards of eighteen journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine, Science, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Science Translational Medicine, and Circulation.Awards
<mask> has been named one of the nation’s top leaders in medicine by Modern Healthcare and Becker’s Hospital Review, and one of Boston’s 50 most powerful people by Boston Magazine. Her honors include the Distinguished Bostonian Award from the Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce, the Kober Medal from the Association of American Physicians, the Champion in Health Care award from the Boston Business Journal, and the Rambam Award from Rambam Health Care Campus in Israel. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, the Association of American Physicians, the American Society of Clinical Investigation, and she is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Boston Globe Spotlight Report and Resignation

In 2020 the Boston Globe's investigative journalism unit, Spotlight, began researching allegations that Nabel's role as a board member for corporations doing business with Brigham & Women's Hospital was posing a conflict of interest. The Globe reported that Nabel "worked for two publicly traded companies and a group of investment funds at one point, attending, either remotely or in person, between 30 and 40 board and committee meetings called by the two companies in 2019." Most disturbingly, according to the Globe, Nabel had served on the board of Moderna, the manufacturer of a COVID-19 vaccine that was being tested in a nationwide trial led by Brigham & Women's own researchers, and profited in the amount of several million dollars by selling the company's shares at the height of the pandemic. The Globe's article "Boston’s hospital chiefs moonlight on corporate boards at rates far beyond the national level" was published on April 3, 2021, stating that "Nabel resigned after a Globe reporter contacted the hospital to ask about how she managed this conflict of interest; she sold what turned out to be $8.5 million of Moderna stock last year, before the trial concluded."Following her resignation, Nabel took a job at her husband's biotech company. She also rejoined the board of Moderna. In her own defense, Nabel was quoted in the Spotlight article as saying that "the concerns about conflicts are based on a lack of understanding about how conflicts of interest are managed" and that "I have multitasked all my life. I work 12-plus hours per day." Harvard physicians and staff at Brigham and Women's Hospital were reported to be deeply upset by the extent of Nabel's profit from the sale of Moderna stock and they subsequently formed a group seeking to prohibit hospital CEOs in Boston from serving on corporate boards. Accusations of Mismanagement in Opening of Chinese "Ghost Hospital"

In December 2021 <mask> was once again the subject of a Boston Globe Spotlight report highlighting her involvement in the opening of a hospital in China, in which Brigham Health entered into "a deal worth millions with Chinese developer Evergrande." The article, "How Brigham Health helped create a Chinese hospital for elites — and almost nobody came" stated that Brigham & Women's had "hospital risked its reputation on what would become a near-empty shell."References

Living people
American cardiologists
Weill Cornell Medical College alumni
Harvard Medical School alumni
University of Michigan faculty
St. Olaf College alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women cardiologists

masks:
Elizabeth Nabel
Nabel
Elizabeth Emilee Guenthner
Nabel
Gary Nabel
Nabel
Nabel
Nabel
Gary Nabel
Nabel
Nabel
Nabel
Nabel
Nabel
Nabel
Nabel
Nabel