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 history and narrative and the processes of creating history. Among her contributions to Canadian literature, <mask> is a founding trustee of the Griffin Poetry Prize, as well as a founder of the Writers' Trust of Canada, a non-profit literary organization that seeks to encourage Canada's writing community. Feminism
<mask>'s work has been of interest to feminist literary critics, despite <mask>'s unwillingness at times to apply the label feminist to her works. Starting with the publication of her first novel, The Edible Woman, <mask> asserted, "I don't consider it feminism; I just consider it social realism." Despite her rejection of the label at times, critics have analyzed the sexual politics, use of myth and fairytale, and gendered relationships in her work through the lens of feminism. She later clarified her discomfort with the label feminism by stating, "I always want to know what people mean by that word [feminism]. Some people mean it quite negatively, other people mean it very positively, some people mean it in a broad sense, other people mean it in a more specific sense.Therefore, in order to answer the question, you have to ask the person what they mean." Speaking to The Guardian, she said "For instance, some feminists have historically been against lipstick and letting transgender women into women's washrooms. Those are not positions I have agreed with", a position she repeated to The Irish Times.Phoebe Kirk, Why I Won't Call You A TERF, HuffPost (UK), May 18, 2018. In an interview with Penguin Books, <mask> stated that the driving question throughout her writing of The Handmaid's Tale was "If you were going to shove women back into the home and deprive them of all of these gains that they thought they had made, how would you do it? ", but related this question to totalitarianism, not feminism. In January 2018, <mask> penned the op-ed "Am I a Bad Feminist?" for The Globe and Mail.The piece was in response to social media backlash related to <mask>'s signature on a 2016 petition calling for an independent investigation into the firing of Steven Galloway, a former University of British Columbia professor accused of sexual harassment and assault by a student. While feminist critics denounced <mask> for her support of Galloway, <mask> asserts that her signature was in support of due process in the legal system. She has been criticized for her comments surrounding the #MeToo movement, particularly that it is a "symptom of a broken legal system." In 2018, following a partnership between Hulu's adaptation of The Handmaid's Tale and women's rights organisation Equality Now, <mask> was honored at their 2018 Make Equality Reality Gala. In her acceptance speech she said:

I am, of course, not a real activist—I'm simply a writer without a job who is frequently asked to speak about subjects that would get people with jobs fired if they themselves spoke. You, however, at Equality Now are real activists. I hope people will give Equality Now lots and lots of money, today, so they can write equal laws, enact equal laws and see that equal laws are implemented.That way, in time, all girls may be able to grow up believing that there are no avenues that are closed to them simply because they are girls. In 2019, Atwood partnered with Equality Now for the release of The Testaments. Speculative and science fiction
<mask> has resisted the suggestion that The Handmaid's Tale and Oryx and Crake are science fiction, suggesting to The Guardian in 2003 that they are speculative fiction instead: "Science fiction has monsters and spaceships; speculative fiction could really happen." She told the Book of the Month Club: "Oryx and Crake is a speculative fiction, not a science fiction proper. It contains no intergalactic space travel, no teleportation, no Martians." On BBC Breakfast, she explained that science fiction, as opposed to what she herself wrote, was "talking squids in outer space." The latter phrase particularly rankled advocates of science fiction and frequently recurs when her writing is discussed.In 2005, <mask> said that she does at times write social science fiction and that The Handmaid's Tale and Oryx and Crake can be designated as such. She clarified her meaning on the difference between speculative and science fiction, admitting that others use the terms interchangeably: "For me, the science fiction label belongs on books with things in them that we can't yet do ... speculative fiction means a work that employs the means already to hand and that takes place on Planet Earth." She said that science fiction narratives give a writer the ability to explore themes in ways that realistic fiction cannot. <mask> further clarified her definitions of terms in 2011, stating in response to a discussion with Ursula K. Le Guin that: "what Le Guin means by 'science fiction' is what I mean by 'speculative fiction', and what she means by 'fantasy' would include what I mean by 'science fiction'." She added that genre borders were increasingly fluid, and that all forms of "SF" might be placed under a common larger umbrella. Animal rights
<mask> repeatedly makes observations about the relationship of humans to animals in her works. A large portion of the dystopia <mask> creates in Oryx and Crake rests upon the genetic modification and alteration of animals and humans, resulting in hybrids such as pigoons, rakunks, wolvogs, and Crakers, which function to raise questions on the limits and ethics of science and technology, as well as questions on what it means to be human.In Surfacing, one character remarks about eating animals: "The animals die that we may live, they are substitute people ... And we eat them, out of cans or otherwise; we are eaters of death, dead Christ-flesh resurrecting inside us, granting us life." Some characters in her books link sexual oppression to meat-eating and consequently give up meat-eating. In The Edible Woman, Atwood's character Marian identifies with hunted animals and cries after hearing her fiancé's experience of hunting and eviscerating a rabbit. Marian stops eating meat but then later returns to it. In Cat's Eye, the narrator recognizes the similarity between a turkey and a baby. She looks at "the turkey, which resembles a trussed, headless baby. It has thrown off its disguise as a meal and has revealed itself to me for what it is, a large dead bird."In Atwood's Surfacing, a dead heron represents purposeless killing and prompts thoughts about other senseless deaths. <mask> is a pescetarian. In a 2009 interview she stated that "I shouldn't use the term vegetarian because I'm allowing myself gastropods, crustaceans and the occasional fish. Nothing with fur or feathers though". Political involvement
<mask> has indicated in an interview that she considers herself a Red Tory in what she sees as the historical sense of the term, saying that "The Tories were the ones who believed that those in power had a responsibility to the community, that money should not be the measure of all things." In the 2008 federal election, she attended a rally for the Bloc Québécois, a Quebec separatist party, because of her support for their position on the arts, and stated that she would vote for the party if she lived in a riding in Quebec in which the choice was between the Bloc and the Conservatives. In an editorial in The Globe and Mail, she urged Canadians to vote for any other party other than the Conservatives to prevent them gaining a majority.<mask> has strong views on environmental issues, and she and Graeme Gibson were the joint honorary presidents of the Rare Bird Club within BirdLife International. <mask> celebrated her 70th birthday at a gala dinner at Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. She stated that she had chosen to attend the event because the city has been home to one of Canada's most ambitious environmental reclamation programs: "When people ask if there's hope (for the environment), I say, if Sudbury can do it, so can you. Having been a symbol of desolation, it's become a symbol of hope." <mask> has been chair of the Writers' Union of Canada and helped to found the Canadian English-Speaking chapter of PEN International, a group originally started to free politically imprisoned writers. She held the position of PEN Canada president in the mid 1980s and was the 2017 recipient of the PEN Center USA's Lifetime Achievement Award. Despite calls for a boycott by Gazan students, <mask> visited Israel and accepted the $1,000,000 Dan David Prize along with Indian author Amitav Ghosh at Tel Aviv University in May 2010.<mask> commented that "we don't do cultural boycotts." In her dystopian novel The Handmaid's Tale (1985), all the developments take place near Boston in the United States, now known as Gilead, while Canada is portrayed as the only hope for an escape. To some this reflects her status of being "in the vanguard of Canadian anti-Americanism of the 1960s and 1970s". Critics have seen the mistreated Handmaid as Canada. During the debate in 1987 over a free-trade agreement between Canada and the United States, <mask> spoke out against the deal and wrote an essay opposing it. She said that the 2016 United States presidential election led to an increase in sales of The Handmaid's Tale. Amazon reported that The Handmaid's Tale was the most-read book of 2017.Adaptations
The novel Surfacing (1972) was adapted into an 1981 film, written by Bernard Gordon and directed by Claude Jutra. The film received poor reviews and suffers from making "little attempt to find cinematic equivalents for the admittedly difficult subjective and poetic dimensions of the novel." The novel The Handmaid's Tale (1985) has been adapted several times. A 1990 film, directed by Volker Schlöndorff, with a screenplay by Harold Pinter, received mixed reviews. A musical adaptation resulted in the 2000 opera, written by Poul Ruders, with a libretto by Paul Bentley. It premiered at the Royal Danish Opera in 2000, and was staged in 2003 at London's English National Opera and the Minnesota Opera. Boston Lyric Opera mounted a production in May 2019.A television series by Bruce Miller began airing on the streaming service Hulu in 2017. The first season of the show earned eight Emmys in 2017, including Outstanding Drama Series. Season two premiered on April 25, 2018, and it was announced on May 2, 2018, that Hulu had renewed the series for a third season. Atwood appears in a cameo in the first episode as one of the Aunts at the Red Center. In 2019, a graphic novel based on this book and with the same title was published by Renée Nault, . In 2003, six of Atwood's short stories were adapted by Shaftesbury Films for the anthology television series The Atwood Stories. Atwood's 2008 Massey Lectures were adapted into the documentary Payback (2012), by director Jennifer Baichwal.Commentary by <mask> and others such as economist Raj Patel, ecologist William Reese, and religious scholar Karen Armstrong, are woven into various stories that explore the concepts of debt and payback, including an Armenian blood feud, agricultural working conditions, and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The novel Alias Grace (1996) was adapted into a six-part 2017 miniseries directed by Mary Harron and adapted by Sarah Polley. It premiered on CBC on September 25, 2017, and the full series was released on Netflix on November 3, 2017. <mask> makes a cameo in the fourth episode of the series as a disapproving churchgoer.In the Wake of the Flood (released in October 2010), a documentary film by the Canadian director Ron Mann, followed <mask> on the unusual book tour for her novel The Year of the Flood (2009). During this innovative book tour, <mask> created a theatrical version of her novel, with performers borrowed from the local areas she was visiting. The documentary is described as "a fly-on-the-wall film vérité." <mask>'s children's book Wandering Wenda and Widow Wallop's Wunderground Washery (2011) was adapted into the children's television series The Wide World of Wandering Wenda, broadcast on CBC beginning in the spring of 2017.Aimed at early readers, the animated series follows Wenda and her friends as they navigate different adventures using words, sounds, and language. Director Darren Aronofsky had been slated to direct an adaption of the MaddAddam trilogy for HBO, but it was revealed in October 2016 that HBO had dropped the plan from its schedule. In January 2018, it was announced that Paramount Television and Anonymous Content had bought the rights to the trilogy and would be moving forward without Aronofsky. Awards and honours
<mask> holds numerous honorary degrees from various institutions, including The Sorbonne, NUI Galway as well as Oxford and Cambridge  universities. Awards

 Governor General's Award, 1966, 1985
 Companion of the Order of Canada, 1981
 Guggenheim fellowship, 1981
 Los Angeles Times Fiction Award, 1986
 American Humanist Association Humanist of the Year, 1987
 Nebula Award, 1986 and Prometheus Award, 1987 nominations, both science fiction awards. Arthur C. Clarke Award for best Science Fiction, 1987
 Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1988
 Canadian Booksellers Association Author of the Year, 1989
 Outstanding Canadian Award – Armenian Community Centre of Toronto, 1989
 Order of Ontario, 1990
 Trillium Book Award, 1991, 1993, 1995
 Government of France's Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, 1994
 Helmerich Award, 1999, by the Tulsa Library Trust. Oryx and Crake (2003, finalist for the 2003 Booker Prize and the 2003 Governor General's Award and shortlisted for the 2004 Orange Prize for Fiction.)(1978) – as recited by <mask>; included in all three most recent editions of her "Selected Poems" as listed above (US, CA, UK)
 The Door (2007)
 Dearly (2020)

E-books
 I'm Starved For You: Positron, Episode One (2012)
 Choke Collar: Positron, Episode Two (2012)
 Erase Me: Positron, Episode Three (2013)
 The Heart Goes Last: Positron, Episode Four (2013)
 The Happy Zombie Sunrise Home (2013) (with Naomi Alderman)

Anthologies edited
 The New Oxford Book of Canadian Verse (1982)
 The Canlit Foodbook (1987)
 The Oxford Book of Canadian Short Stories in English (1988)
 The Best American Short Stories 1989 (1989) (with Shannon Ravenel)
 The New Oxford Book of Canadian Short Stories in English (1995)

 Children's books
 Up in the Tree (1978)
 Anna's Pet (1980) (with Joyce C. Barkhouse)
 For the Birds (1990) (with Shelly Tanaka)
 Princess Prunella and the Purple Peanut (1995)
 Rude Ramsay and the Roaring Radishes (2003)
 Bashful Bob and Doleful Dorinda (2006)
 Wandering Wenda and Widow Wallop's Wunderground Washery (2011); inspired a cartoon series called Wandering Wenda in 2016. Non-fiction
 Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature (1972)
 Days of the Rebels 1815–1840 (1977)
 Second Words: Selected Critical Prose (1982)
 Through the One-Way Mirror (1986)
 Strange Things: The Malevolent North in Canadian Literature (1995)
 Negotiating with the Dead: A Writer on Writing (2002)
 Moving Targets: Writing with Intent, 1982–2004 (2004)
 Writing with Intent: Essays, Reviews, Personal Prose 1983–2005 (2005)
 Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth (2008)
 In Other Worlds: SF and the Human Imagination (2011)
 On Writers and Writing (2015)

Drawings
 Kanadian Kultchur Komix featuring "Survivalwoman" in This Magazine under the pseudonym, Bart Gerrard 1975–1980
 Others appear on her website. Graphic novels
 Angel Catbird, with Johnnie Christmas and Tamra Bonvillain (2016)
 War Bears, with Ken Steacy (2018)

 Television scripts
 The Servant Girl (1974)
 Snowbird (1981)
 Heaven on Earth (1987)

 Libretti
 The Trumpets of Summer (1964) (with composer John Beckwith)
 Frankenstein Monster Song (2004, with rock band One Ring Zero)
 "Pauline", a chamber opera in two acts, with composer Tobin Stokes for City Opera Vancouver (2014)

Audio recordings
 The Poetry and Voice of Margaret Atwood (1977)
 Margaret Atwood Reads "Unearthing Suite" (1985)
 Margaret Atwood Reading From Her Poems (2005)
 Margaret Atwood as herself in Zombies, Run, as a surviving radio operator in themes. Filmography
 She is credited as playing herself in all 26 episodes of The Wide World of Wandering Wenda in which she wears funny hats to match the various themes (2017)

See also
 Canadian poetry
 List of Canadian poets
 List of Canadian writers

 References

 Further reading

 Clements, Pam. "Margaret Atwood and Chaucer: Truth and Lies," in: Cahier Calin: Makers of the Middle Ages. Essays in Honor of William Calin, ed. Richard Utz and Elizabeth Emery (Kalamazoo, MI: Studies in Medievalism, 2011), pp.39–41. Findlay, Bill (1979), Interview with <mask>, in Cencrastus No. 1, Autumn 1979, pp. 2 – 6 . Miceli, Barbara. "<mask>'s The Heart goes Last: Panopticism, Discipline, Society, and Ustopia" in Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 5.2 (December 2019), pp. 79–90.Miceli, Barbara. "Religion, Gender Inequality, and Surrogate Motherhood in <mask>'s The Handmaid's Tale", in CoSMo (Comparative Studies in Modernism), n° 12 (2018), pp.

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Rosario Violeta Solís Hernández, better known as <mask> (October 6, 1935 – January 9, 1998), was a FAMAS and Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipina film actress, in addition to being the first Philippine woman who have bared her chest in recorded film. Profile
Rosario Violeta Solís Hernández was born in Manila. At age 19, she was introduced by her uncle, the film director F. H. Constantino to Doña Narcisa de León, the head of LVN Pictures, who cast her to star in her initial movie Niña Bonita, an adaptation of Frank Capra's It Happened One Night. The film was a success, and marked the beginning for Solís of a 43-year career in film that lasted until her death. Solís died on January 9, 1998, in Calamba City from cardiac arrest. She was buried at Manila Memorial Park in Parañaque. Film career
Solís would star in well over 100 films starting with LVN Pictures' classics such as Niña Bonita (1955), Charito, I Love You!(1956), Walang Sugat (1957), Malvarosa (1958), Kundiman Ng Lahi (1959) and Emily (1960). She was featured in several of the best-known and critically acclaimed movies of Philippine cinema. She played the female lead in the 1962 film adaptation of Jose Rizal's El filibusterismo, directed by Gerardo de Leon. Among her many films she also appeared in Eddie Romero's Manila, Open City (1967), Araw-Araw, Gabi-Gabi (1975) and Agila (1980); in Mike de Leon's Kisapmata (1981) and Batch 81 (1982); in Ishmael Bernal's City After Dark (1980) and Hinugot sa Langit (1985); in Lino Brocka's Init (1979) and Ina, Kapatid, Anak (1979); and as the narrator in Marilou Diaz-Abaya's Karnal (1983). Other notable performances of Solís were featured in Angustia (1963), Tatlong Mukha Ni Pandora (1963), Magda Sales (1964), Claudia (1966) and Boomerang (1966). From 1967 to 1971, she was under contract in “Nepomuceno Productions”. Her Eight films for that outfit were Dahil Sa Isang Bulaklak, Ang Langit Sa Lupa, Luha Sa Karimlan, Manila Open City, Igorota, Ang Pulubi, Pipo and The Hunted.Her performance in Dahil Sa Isang Bulaklak earned her the 1967 Asian Best Actress award from the Asian Film Festival held in Tokyo, Japan. Dahil sa... also brought a bonus to Solis: with the film being the country's entry to the Best Foreign Film category at the Academy Awards (the film did not make it to the semi-finals), she and Luis Nepomuceno, the film's producer, were given tickets to see the 40th Academy Awards, the first Filipinos to ever do so. After her association with Nepomuceno Productions ended, she appeared in several more films such as Shake, Rattle & Roll, Hindi Kami Damong Ligaw (1976), Ms. Teresa Abad Ako Si Bing, Hugasan Mo Ang Aking Kasalanan, Babae Sa Likod Ng Salamin, Beerhouse, Babae Huwag Kang Tukso, Tundo Isla Puting Bato, Babae Ngayon At Kailanman, Walang Katapusang Tag-araw, Mga Tinik Ng Babae, Iwasan Kabaret, Hubad Sa Mundo, Mga Huwad Na Mananayaw, Init, and Alaga. Solís became the first Filipino actress to play the lead role in an internationally released Japanese movie, in 1961 when she starred in Kenji Misumi's “Shaka”, a film biography on the life of Shakyamuni Buddha. She appeared in another Japanese film The Princess and I produced by Daiei Japan which had its Philippine Premiere in Lyric Theater on Escolta on October 10, 1962. Solís starred in another international production, alongside Tetchie Agbayani and John Saxon in Eddie Romero's Desire (1982). Awards
Her performance in 1967's Dahil sa Isang Bulaklak, directed by Luis Nepomuceno, won her Best Actress award at the 1967 Asian Film Festival.She again starred for Nepomuceno the following year in Igorota, where she became the first Filipina actress to bare her breasts on film. Her role in Igorota won her the 1968 FAMAS Best Actress Award, one of 5 she would win during her career. Her other four FAMAS Best Actress wins came in 1959 for Kundiman ng Lahi; in 1960 for Emily; in 1963 for Angustia; and in 1983 for Don't Cry for Me, Papa. After her fifth win, in 1984, she became the first actress to be inducted into the FAMAS Hall of Fame. She also won the Gawad Urian Best Actress award in 1979 for Ina, Kapatid, Anak, and for Best Supporting Actress for in 1981 and 1982 for Kisapmata and Karnal, respectively. In 1984, Solís won Best Supporting Actress for her performance as a narrator in Karnal from Philippine Academy of the Philippines (FAP Awards). In the first-ever Metro Manila Film Festival held in 1975, Solís won the Best Actress Award for Araw Araw, Gabi Gabi and a Best Supporting Actress in the 1981 Metro Manila Film Festival for Kisapmata.She received Ulirang Artista Lifetime Achievement Award from Philippine Movie Press Club (Star Awards) in March 1997. In the Catholic Mass Media Awards, she was the first lead artist to be awarded the "rock trophy" for an excellent performance as a jealous sister, wife and mother in the family drama, "Ina, Kapatid, Anak". In 1983, she was awarded the best actress rock trophy for playing the role of a manipulative mother in "Minsan May isang Ina". {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
|+ Gawad Urian Award
|-
! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Year
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| 1986
|  Hinugot sa Langit'
| rowspan=3 align="center"| Best Supporting Actress
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| 1984
| Karnal|
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| rowspan=2 align="center"| 1982
| Kisapmata|
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| Playgirl| rowspan=2 align="center"| Best Actress
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|-
| 1980
| Ina, Kapatid, Anak|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
|+ Metro Manila Film Festival
|-
! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:35%;" | Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:40%;" | Category
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Result
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| 1981
| Kisapmata'| Best Supporting Actress
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| 1975
| Araw-araw, Gabi-gabi| Best Actress
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|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
|+ Catholic Mass Media Award
|-
! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:35%;" | Nominated work
!scope="col" style="width:40%;" | Category
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Result
|-
| 1979
| Ina, Kapatid, Anak'| Best Lead Performer
|
|-
| 1983
| Minsan May isang Ina| Best Actress
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|-
|}

Television career
From 1966 to 1968, Solís had a weekly TV show on ABS-CBN entitled The <mask> Solís Show (1966 to 1968). In 1973, Solís also had a TV weekly drama show named Obra Maestra on RPN. In the late 1980s, Solís won the chance to showcase her comedic skills, as well as to gain a younger set of fans, when she was cast opposite Vic Sotto, Alice Dixson and Aiza Seguerra in the sitcom Okay Ka, Fairy Ko!. She played the imperious Ina Magenta, Enteng Kabisote's mother-in-law, a character which was loosely modeled after Agnes Moorehead's  Endora on Bewitched. The popular show lasted nine years and spawned several film adaptations that continued after Solís' death. Giselle Tongi took over the role of Ina Magenta in the Enteng Kabisote movie franchises.Before her death she would star in TV dramas such as Mula Sa Puso and the anthology series The Maricel Drama Special starring Maricel Soriano, both shows were transmitted on ABS-CBN. Filmography
Film

TelevisionConey Reyes on Camera, RPN; ABS-CBN (1987-1989)Trianggulo, RPN (film, 1987)Okay Ka, Fairy Ko!, IBC (1987–1989); ABS-CBN (1989–1995); GMA (1995–1997)Lovingly Yours, Helen, GMA (1990–1996)The Maricel Drama Special, ABS-CBN (1992-1997)Maalaala Mo Kaya, ABS-CBN (1991–97)Trahedya (June 12, 1991) - first MMK appearanceGMA Telecine Specials, GMA (1993–98)Iguhit Mo sa Alaala, (January 4, 1998) - last television film appearanceTierra Sangre, PTV/RPN (1996-1999)Mula sa Puso'', ABS-CBN (1997–1998) - last teleserye appearance

Notes

References

Mercado, Monina (1977). Doña Sisang and Filipino Movies. Philippines: Vera-Reyes, Inc. External links

KabayanCentral.com Vintage Filipino Movies
The Unofficial Website of the FAMAS Awards

1935 births
1998 deaths
20th-century Filipino actresses
Actresses from Manila
Burials at the Manila Memorial Park – Sucat
Filipino film actresses
Filipino people of Spanish descent
People from Tondo, Manila
People's Television Network
Radio Philippines Network personalities
University of the East alumni

masks:
Charito Solís
Charito


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<mask> (born February 27, 1954) is an American rock guitarist, songwriter, and vocalist, best known for his work with the bands Journey and Bad English. He was a member of the rock band Santana before forming Journey, and was also an original member of Hardline. <mask> was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame on August 23, 2013, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey on April 7, 2017. Early life and career
<mask> was born at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, the son of Matthew and <mask>. He is of German and Italian ancestry. His father was a big band musician, arranger, and composer, and played and taught all reed instruments with emphasis on jazz tenor saxophone; his mother was a big band singer. <mask> started playing guitar at age 10.He attended Aragon High School in San Mateo, California, later dropping out to pursue his music career. A quick learner, he joined Santana at age 17, in 1972. <mask> has said he was asked by Eric Clapton to join Derek and the Dominos, but that he joined Santana instead, performing on the albums Santana III and Caravanserai. According to Bobby Whitlock,

<mask> also played in the band Azteca. In 1973, he, Gregg Rolie and manager Herbie Herbert co-founded the Golden Gate Rhythm Section, which had later been re-named to Journey after a suggestion by roadie John Villaneuva. <mask>'s guitar style is influenced by guitarists such as B.B. King, Albert King, Robert Johnson, Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Carlos Santana, Jimmy Page and Jimmy Green.In addition to his nine solo albums and fourteen studio albums with Journey, <mask>'s work also includes: a pair of albums with keyboardist Jan Hammer, short-term collaborations with Sammy Hagar (HSAS and Planet Us) and Paul Rodgers, stints with Bad English (a supergroup that featured Journey's Jonathan Cain and Deen Castronovo and Cain's former Babys bandmates John Waite and Ricky Phillips) and Hardline (which also featured Castronovo). Even as Journey's latest lineup plays to a still-faithful body of fans, <mask> has immersed himself in side projects such as Piranha Blues (1999); "Black Soup Cracker", a funk outfit that features former Prince associates Rosie Gaines and Michael Bland; and Soul SirkUS with Jeff Scott Soto. <mask> can be heard on other albums including three tracks on Michael Bolton's The Hunger, with the Schon sound most recognizable on "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay". He also joined Larry Graham to play in an all-star band for cult funk artist and ex-wife of Miles Davis, Betty Davis. In addition, <mask> (along with then Journey manager Herbie Herbert) also contributed to Lenny White's 1977 album Big City, specifically the instrumental jam "And We Meet Again". On February 9, 2018, Schon played a charity show at San Francisco's The Independent, benefiting North Bay Fire Relief. The group recruited featured former Journey drummer Deen Castronovo (who also sang some of the vocals), former Journey keyboardist Gregg Rolie and bassist Marco Mendoza of The Dead Daisies.In 2019, <mask> announced a tour to be called <mask>'s Journey Through Time. The tour was slated to feature Castronovo, Rolie and Mendoza. Guitars
<mask>'s first guitar was an acoustic Stella, followed two years later by a Gibson ES-335. When the 335 was stolen, he replaced it with a '56 Les Paul Goldtop reissue that he used for many years. <mask> has used Gibson guitars over the years, having also used Fender and Ovation guitars during Journey's Departure tour. He had a limited edition signature Les Paul model called the <mask> Signature Model Custom Les Paul, of which Gibson made only 35, according to the Gibson Custom website (80 according to <mask>'s website). He has previously employed Godin guitars on his 1995 solo album Beyond the Thunder, and more recently uses Paul Reed Smith guitars.In the late 1980s, <mask> manufactured (through Jackson Guitars and later Larrivee) and played his own line of guitars. Simply named <mask>, about 200 of the Jackson-produced models were made. As of 2008, <mask> currently prefers guitar pedals from Xotic, a Vox Satriani model and occasionally uses a Buddy Guy wah pedal. Personal life

In September 2011, <mask> publicly confirmed he was in a relationship with Michaele Salahi. The two said they had dated years previously in the 1990s and were very happy together. On October 14, 2012, <mask> proposed to Salahi onstage during a charity concert at the Lyric Opera House in Baltimore, Maryland, offering her an oval 11.42 carat diamond engagement ring. The couple married on December 15, 2013 in a live broadcast wedding that was held in the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, California.The marriage is <mask>'s fifth and Salahi's second. <mask> has confirmed that he has tinnitus which causes constant ringing in the ears, common in musicians who have toured extensively.

masks:
Neal Joseph Schon
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Neal George Joseph Schon
Barbara Schon
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Neal Schon
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<mask> (born February 14, 1987) is an American former professional basketball player. <mask> played college basketball at Stanford University, where she graduated as the all-time leading scorer in Stanford and Pac-10 women's basketball history. Throughout her playing career, <mask> played for the Minnesota Lynx, Tulsa Shock, Los Angeles Sparks and New York Liberty of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and has played overseas in Spain and Greece. <mask> has won a WNBA championship (2011) and a WNBA Sixth Woman of the Year (2008). Early life
<mask> was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1987 where her father, <mask>, played Major League Baseball for the Baltimore Orioles. After playing for the Orioles, her father,  with wife Angela, son Alan Jr., and daughters Cassandra and <mask> moved back to the San Diego, California area, where he had previously played for the San Diego Padres. When <mask> was three years of age, she was hit by a car backing out of a driveway and almost lost one of her eyes.When <mask> was in the first grade, she scored 30 points playing against fourth graders in basketball. By the time she was in fifth grade, she had to play on boys' teams so she could play at a competitive level. <mask>' father died of AIDS when <mask> was only four years old. "It was a scary time. No one would talk about it," <mask> recalls. "A young girl wants to know about her Dad dying of AIDS. But it was taboo," she said.<mask> has partnered with Until There's A Cure (UTAC), a non-profit organization that raises awareness and funds to combat AIDS through the sale of The Bracelet. High school career
<mask> attended La Jolla Country Day School in La Jolla, California for high school. She was a four-year letter-winner in both volleyball and basketball. In all four years of high school she was named CIF Division IV Player of the year for basketball. <mask> was a McDonald's All-American as a Senior. She also led La Jolla Country Day to the state championship game in each of her four seasons, winning it twice. She also captained the United States Junior National Team that won gold.Many high school recruiting services listed her as the best shooting guard in the nation and a top five player in the Class of 2004. College career

Freshman year
When <mask> came to Stanford University she was offered a scholarship for both basketball and volleyball. As a freshman on the basketball team, <mask> led Stanford to a 32–3 record and an Elite Eight appearance. She averaged 17.5 points per game and was named both the Pac-10 Conference Freshman of the Year and Player of The Year. This was the first time in the conference history that a freshman won the Player of the Year Award. <mask>, along with Georgia's Tasha Humphrey, was named National Co-Freshman of the Year. She made second team All-American and was a Kodak All-American, the only freshman on either list.Sophomore year
During her sophomore year, <mask> led Stanford to a 26–8 record and another Elite Eight appearance where they lost to LSU. She averaged 21.8 points per game and made 90 three-pointers over the course of the season. She was again named Pac-10 Player of The Year and Second team All-American, as well as Kodak All-American. Junior year
As a junior, <mask> led Stanford to a 29–5 record and a No. 2 seed in the NCAA Tournament, but the Cardinal were upset in Round 2 by Florida State, 68–61. She missed 5 games due to ankle and hamstring injuries, but averaged 16.9 points per game. Devanei Hampton of Cal won the Pac-10 Player of the Year Award this season.However, <mask> was the only Pac-10 Player to be a Kodak All-American as she again made second team. <mask> played for the USA team in the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The team won all five games, earning the gold medal for the event. Senior year
In her senior season, Stanford started the season ranked No. 8 but moved up the polls with victories over No. 3 Rutgers (thanks to <mask> hitting 2 free throws with 0.1 seconds left), and No. 10 Baylor.On January 31, 2008, <mask> scored 18 points in a win over USC at Maples Pavilion and passed Kate Starbird as the all-time leading scorer in Stanford women's basketball history. On March 2, 2008, she scored 24 points against Washington State to pass Lisa Leslie as the all-time leading scorer in Pac-10 women's basketball history. She was named the Pac-10 Player of The Year for the 2007–2008 season, the third time she had received the award. On March 24, 2008, <mask> scored a career-high 44 points, pulled down 10 rebounds, and dished out eight assists in an 88–54 win over UTEP as Stanford advanced to the Sweet Sixteen of the 2008 NCAA tournament. A week later, her 41 points propelled Stanford to its first Final Four appearance since 1997, where they would reach the final before losing to the University of Tennessee. During the NCAA Tournament, <mask> became the only player in NCAA women's basketball history to score 40 or more points in multiple NCAA Tournament games. <mask> is one of only seven women's basketball players to have been a four-time All American.On April 4, 2008, <mask> was awarded the Lowe's Senior CLASS Award. The following day, <mask> was awarded the Wade Trophy as the best women's college basketball player in NCAA Division I.

<mask> is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority, and became a member of the Omicron Chi Chapter in Spring 2007. She graduated from Stanford with a degree in communications in the spring of 2008. College statistics
Source

WNBA career

Early career (2008-2010)
<mask> was chosen by the Minnesota Lynx as the third overall pick in the 2008 WNBA Draft. On May 18, 2008, <mask> played in her first WNBA game. She scored 15 points, pulled down 4 rebounds, had four steals, and dished out four assists as the Lynx defeated the Detroit Shock, 84–70. <mask> was named WNBA Rookie of the Month for the month of June 2008.She suffered an injury during the first quarter of a July 24, 2008 game against the Indiana Fever. She was removed from the court in a wheelchair. <mask> went on to win the 2008 WNBA Sixth Woman of the Year Award and was also named to the WNBA All-Rookie Team after averaging a career-high 15.7 ppg off the bench for the Lynx. In her second season, <mask> became the starting point guard for the Lynx. On June 29, 2009, <mask> was awarded the Player of the Week Award for the Western Conference. In the 2010 season, <mask> was moved back to the bench as a backup point guard after the Lynx traded for all-star Lindsay Whalen. In June 2010, <mask> ruptured her Achilles tendon with just eight seconds remaining in a game against the New York Liberty; the injury ended her season after eight games.Later career and WNBA championship (2011-2016)
<mask> returned to action in 2011 as a primary backup at the guard position. The Lynx were much improved, and in September, <mask> saw the first playoff action of her career. In October 2011, <mask> won her first WNBA championship after the Lynx defeated the Atlanta Dream in the Finals. On March 1, 2013, <mask> was traded to the Tulsa Shock in a three-team deal. <mask> signed with the Los Angeles Sparks on April 2, 2014. On March 9, 2015, <mask> signed with the New York Liberty. Retirement
On March 22, 2016, <mask> announced her retirement from the WNBA after eight seasons.Despite being only 29 years old and without a career-threatening injury, <mask> expressed in a letter about her retirement that she was ready to move on from playing professional basketball. In a 2017 interview with The San Diego Union-Tribune, <mask> revealed more about what led her to retire from basketball. Calling the league's culture "very, very harmful" and "toxic to me", she alleged that she had been bullied on the court throughout her WNBA career for being heterosexual and nationally popular. <mask> added, "I wanted to play two more seasons of WNBA, but the experience didn’t lend itself to my mental state." During the interview, she remarked:Me being heterosexual and straight, and being vocal in my identity as a straight woman was huge. I would say 98 percent of the women in the WNBA are gay women. It was a conformist type of place.There was a whole different set of rules they (the other players) could apply." <mask>' remarks led to a major backlash from many WNBA players and other sports figures, but she largely stood by them. She did clarify her "98 percent" remark, saying: "It was my way to illustrate the isolation that I felt personally. I felt like the 2 percent versus the 98 percent." USA Basketball
<mask> was a member of the USA Women's U18 team which won the gold medal at the FIBA Americas Championship in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. The event was held in August 2004, when the USA team defeated Puerto Rico to win the championship. <mask> was the third leading scorer for the team, averaging 15.2 points per game.<mask> continued with the team as it became the U19 team, and competed in the 2005 U19 World Championships in Tunis, Tunisia. The USA team won all eight games, winning the gold medal. <mask> was the second leading scorer for the team, averaging 15.8 points per game and was second on the team for steals with 16. U.S. National Team
<mask> was invited to try out for the United States Senior National Team and was named as an injury replacement or alternate. Along with Candace Parker and Courtney Paris, she was one of the only college players to be named to the team. She spent the summer of 2007 playing in Chile with different United States National teams and was eventually named United States Basketball Female Athlete of The Year for 2007. <mask> was invited to the USA Basketball Women's National Team training camp in the fall of 2009.The team selected to play for the 2010 FIBA World Championship and the 2012 Olympics is usually chosen from these participants. At the conclusion of the training camp, the team will travel to Ekaterinburg, Russia, where they compete in the 2009 UMMC Ekaterinburg International Invitational. In 2011, <mask> was again chosen for the national team initial training camps, from which USA Basketball would select the team to represent the US in the 2012 Olympics, though <mask> was ultimately not selected for the senior national team. Sports diplomacy
In September 2013 and November 2014, <mask> traveled to Nicaragua and then Chile as a SportsUnited Sports Envoy for the U.S. Department of State. In this function, she worked with Jennifer Lacy and Alex English to conduct basketball clinics and events for more than 850 youth and women from underserved areas. See also
 2008 WNBA Draft

References

External links
 Stanford Univ. Athletic Profile

1987 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
All-American college women's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American women's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Delta Sigma Theta members
Guards (basketball)
Los Angeles Sparks players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Minnesota Lynx draft picks
Minnesota Lynx players
New York Liberty players
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
Parade High School All-Americans (girls' basketball)
Ros Casares Valencia players
Stanford Cardinal women's basketball players
The Challenge (TV series) contestants
Tulsa Shock players
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Basketball players from Baltimore
Basketball players from San Diego
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
United States women's national basketball team players

masks:
Candice Dana Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
Candice Wiggins
Alan Wiggins
Candice
Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
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<mask>, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano (24 May 1803 – 29 July 1857), was a French biologist and ornithologist. <mask> and his wife had twelve children, including Cardinal <mask>. Life and career
<mask> was the son of <mask> and Alexandrine de Bleschamp. <mask> was a younger brother of  Napoleon I, making <mask> the emperor’s nephew. Born in Paris, he was raised in Italy. On 29 June 1822, he married his cousin, Zénaïde, in Brussels. Soon after the marriage, the couple left for Philadelphia in the United States to live with Zénaïde's father, <mask> (who was also the paternal uncle of <mask>).Before leaving Italy, Carlo had already discovered a warbler new to science, the moustached warbler, and on the voyage he collected specimens of a new storm-petrel. On arrival in the United States, he presented a paper on this new bird, which was later named after Alexander Wilson. <mask> then set about studying the ornithology of the United States and updating Wilson's Ornithology or History of the Birds of the United States. The revised edition was published between 1825 and 1833. His other publications included "Observations on the Nomenclature of Wilson's Ornithology" (in the Journal of the Philadelphia Academy) and "Synopsis of the Birds of the United States" (in the Annals of the Lyceum of New York). In 1824, <mask> tried to get the then unknown John James Audubon accepted by the Academy of Natural Sciences, but this was opposed by the ornithologist George Ord who disliked Audubon's dramatic bird poses and considered him to be a "a back-country upstart who romanticized his subject matter," according to the Audubon Galleries. At the end of 1826, <mask> and his family returned to Europe.He visited Germany, where he met Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar, and England, where he met John Edward Gray at the British Museum, and renewed his acquaintance with Audubon. In 1828, the family settled in Rome. In Italy, he was the originator of several scientific congresses, and lectured and wrote extensively on American and European ornithology and other branches of natural history. Between 1832 and 1841, <mask> published his work on the animals of Italy, Iconografia della Fauna Italica. He had also published Specchio Comparativo delle Ornithologie di Roma e di Filadelfia (Pisa, 1827), presenting a comparison between birds of the latitude of Philadelphia and Italian species. He created the genus Zenaida, after his wife, for the mourning dove and its relatives. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1845.In 1840, he became Prince of Canino and Musignano after his father's death and became involved in politics, particularly the anti-Austrian party which he joined in 1848. He did not, however, lose interest in his favourite studies for he organized and presided over several scientific congresses in Italy. In 1849, he was elected to the Roman Assembly and participated in the creation of the Roman Republic. According to Jasper Ridley, when the Assembly convened for the first time: "When the name of <mask>, who was a member for Viterbo, was called, he replied to the roll-call by calling out Long live the Republic!" (Viva la Repubblica!). He participated in the defense of Rome against the 40,000 French troops sent by his cousin Louis Napoleon. He left Rome after the Republican army was defeated in July 1849.He landed at Marseilles, but was ordered to leave the country by Louis Napoleon. He reaffirmed his political beliefs the following year in naming Wilson's bird-of-paradise (Cicinnurus respublica) in honor of the republican idea. He travelled to the United Kingdom, attending the meeting of the British Association in Birmingham. He then visited Sir William Jardine in southern Scotland. <mask> then began work on preparing a methodical classification of all the birds in the world, visiting museums across Europe to study the collections. In 1850, he was allowed to return to France and made Paris his home for the rest of his life. In 1854, he became director of the Jardin des Plantes.In 1855, he was made a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He published the first volume of his Conspectus Generum Avium before his death, the second volume being edited by Hermann Schlegel. <mask> also studied amphibians and reptiles, and is the author of Vipera ursinii, commonly known as Orsini's viper. <mask> was extremely prolific and is responsible for coining Latin names for a large number of bird species. As of August 2019, in the online list of birds maintained by Frank Gill and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), <mask> is credited as the authority for 165 genera, 203 species and 262 subspecies. <mask> <mask> died in Paris at age 54. In the Luigi Magni's film In the Name of the Sovereign People (1990), <mask> is played by Carlo Croccolo.Honours
 1823: Member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia. 1845: Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium. Family
<mask> and Princess Zénaïde <mask> had twelve children, listed below:

Works
 American Ornithology, or, The Natural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States, not given by Wilson (4 vols., Philadelphia, 1825-1833). This work contains more than 100 new species discovered by <mask>. Conspectus Generum Avium (Leyden, 1850)
 Revue critique de l'ornithologie Européenne (Brussels, 1850)
 Monographie des loxiens (Leyden, 1850) in collaboration with H. Schlegel
 Catalogue des oiseaux d'Europe (Paris, 1856)
 Memoirs (New York, 1836)

In conjunction with M. de Pouancé, he also prepared descriptive catalogue of pigeons and one of parrots which were published after his death. Among his papers published are:
 “Observations on the Nomenclature of Wilson's ‘Ornithology,’” Journal of the Academy of Philadelphia
 “Synopsis of the Birds of the United States,” Annals of the Lyceum of New York
 “Catalogue of the Birds of the United States,” Contributions of the Maclurian Lyceum of Philadelphia

He published several scientific papers on ornithological topics in the Bolognese journal Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali, as Carlo Luciano <mask>. See also
:Category:Taxa named by <mask> <mask>
as <mask> described over 500 species.Legacy
Several birds are named after him:
<mask>'s gull - Chroicocephalus philadelphia
<mask>'s nightjar - Caprimulgus concretus
<mask>'s parakeet - Pyrrhura lucianii
Highland tinamou Nothocercus bonapartei
The Napoleon snake eel Ophichthus bonaparti, also known as the Napoleon Eel, the Purplebanded Snake Eel, or the Saddled snake-eel is named after him. References

Bibliography

 Stroud, Patricia Tyson - The Emperor of Nature. <mask>-<mask> and his World
 Mearns, Barbara and Richard - Biographies for Birdwatchers
 Ridley, Jasper - Garibaldi Viking Press (1976)

External links

Zoologica Göttingen State and University Library

French ornithologists
French taxonomists
1803 births
1857 deaths
<mask> <mask>
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium
<mask>
<mask> <mask>
19th-century French zoologists
Scientists from Paris

masks:
Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte
Lucien
Lucien Bonaparte
Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte
Lucien
Charles
Joseph Bonaparte
Charles
Bonaparte
Bonaparte
Bonaparte
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Carlo Bonaparte
Charles
Bonaparte
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Lucien Charles
Bonaparte
Bonaparte
Prince Charles
Bonaparte
Bonaparte
Bonaparte
Charles Lucien
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Bonaparte
Bonaparte
Bonaparte
Charles
Lucien Bonaparte
Charles Lucien
Bonaparte
Charles Lucien
Charles Lucien
Bonaparte


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<mask> (born January 1946) is an Irish retired hurling selector and former player who enjoyed a successful career as a centre-back with the Wexford senior team. Born in Wickmore, County Wexford, <mask> was introduced to hurling in his youth. His granduncle, Jim Mythen, was an All-Ireland medal winner with Wexford in 1910. <mask> was just sixteen years-old when he established himself on the Oulart-the Ballagh junior team. A championship medal winner in the junior and intermediate grades, <mask> lost five senior championship finals. <mask> made his debut on the inter-county scene when he first linked up with the Wexford minor team. After little success in this grade, he later won an All-Ireland medal with the under-21 team.<mask> joined the senior team during the 1967-68 league. He went on to play a key role for Wexford in defence during a successful era, and won one All-Ireland medal, four Leinster medals and one National Hurling League medal. <mask> was an All-Ireland runner-up on three occasions. As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team, <mask> won three Railway Cup medals. Throughout his inter-county career he made 31 championship appearances. <mask> retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1984 championship. <mask>'s siblings- Christy, Robbie and Bridie - also played with distinction at all levels with Wexford.His children - Helena, Ursula, Michael and Rory - have also lined out with Wexford. <mask> won three All-Star awards, and was chosen as one of the 125 greatest hurlers of all time in a 2009 poll. In retirement from playing <mask> became involved in team management and coaching. He was a selector with the Wexford senior team as well as with all levels with Oulart-the Ballagh. Playing career

Club

<mask> began his club career in goals for the Oulart-the Ballagh junior team in 1962. He won a junior championship medal in 1967 before claiming an intermediate championship medal in 1968. Minor and under-21

After one season with the Wexford minor team, <mask> first enjoyed success as the goalkeeper on the inaugural Wexford under-21 team.He won his first Leinster medal in 1964 as Laois were defeated by 4-7 to 2-2. On 4 October 1964 Wexford faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. A tally of 2-2 for Babs Keating helped Tipperary to an easy 8-9 to 3-1 victory. Wexford retained the provincial under-21 title in 1965 with <mask> winning a second Leinster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland final was a repeat of the previous year with Tipperary providing the opposition once again. A 3-7 to 1-4 victory gave <mask> an All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship medal. Wexford retained their provincial crown in 1966, with <mask> collecting a third Leinster medal following a 7–10 to 2–8 demolition of Laois.The subsequent All-Ireland decider saw Cork providing the opposition. After a high-scoring hour of hurling Wexford scored 5–6 to Cork's 3–12 resulting in a draw. The replay was also a close affair with the sides finishing level again at 4–9 apiece. A third game produced the eventual winner as Wexford were defeated by 9–9 to 5–9. Senior

<mask> joined his brother Christy on the Wexford senior team in 1968. He was an unused substitute throughout the season as Wexford claimed the Leinster and All-Ireland titles following respective defeats of Kilkenny and Tipperary. <mask> made his senior championship debut in a 5-10 to 3-11 Leinster semi-final defeat by Offaly on 29 June 1969.Wexford regrouped in 1970, however, <mask> remained on the bench for their 4–16 to 3–14 defeat of old rivals Kilkenny in the Leinster final. Wexford subsequently faced Cork in the All-Ireland decider on 6 September 1970 and <mask> was back on the starting fifteen. A record 64-point scoreline and eleven goals were produced in a sometimes ill-tempered and disappointing contest. Tony Doran top scored for Wexford with two goals, however, the day belonged to Eddie O'Brien who scored a hat-trick of goals for Cork from his hand. A remarkable 6–21 to 5–10 score line gave Cork the victory. In 1972 <mask> became Wexford's first All-Star recipient when his performances earned him the award. <mask> won a National Hurling League medal in 1973 following a 4–13 to 3–7 defeat of Limerick.After a five-year period of Kilkenny dominance, Wexford broke through in 1976. A 2–20 to 1–6 trouncing gave <mask> a third Leinster medal. It was his first won on the field of play. Cork provided the opposition in the subsequent All-Ireland final on 5 September 1976. Wexford got off to a great start and were 2–2 to no score ahead after just six minutes. Wexford had a two-point lead with ten minutes to go, however, three points from Jimmy Barry-Murphy, two from Pat Moylan and a kicked effort from Ray Cummins gave Cork a 2–21 to 4–11 victory. In spite of this defeat <mask> was later presented with a second All-Star award.<mask> collected his fourth Leinster medal in 1977 following a 3–17 to 3–14 defeat of Kilkenny. The All-Ireland final on 4 September 1977 was a repeat of the previous year, with Cork providing the opposition once again. Seánie O'Leary score the decisive goal for Cork as the game entered the last quarter, while Martin Coleman brought off a match-winning save from Christy Keogh to foil the Wexford comeback. A 1–17 to 3–8 defeat was <mask>'s lot as he endured a second successive year as an All-Ireland runner-up. He later collected a third All-Star. Wexford went into decline following this defeat as Kilkenny and Offaly emerged as the dominant teams in Leinster. <mask> played his last game for Wexford in a 1–15 to 2–11 Leinster decider defeat by Offaly on 8 July 1984.He retired from inter-county hurling later that year when he sustained a serious eye injury in a practice match with his club. Inter-provincial

<mask> also lined out with Leinster in the inter-provincial hurling competition. He first played for his province in 1973 as Leinster defeated Munster to take the Railway Cup. <mask> added further Railway Cup medals to his collection in 1975 and 1977. Honours

Oulart-the Ballagh
Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 1968
Wexford Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1967

Wexford
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1968 (sub)
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (4): 1968 (sub), 1970 (sub), 1976, 1977
National Hurling League (1): 1972-73
All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 1965
Leinster Under-21 Hurling Championship (3): 1964, 1965, 1966

Leinster
Railway Cup (3): 1973, 1975, 1977

References

1946 births
Living people
Oulart-the-Ballagh hurlers
Wexford inter-county hurlers
Leinster inter-provincial hurlers

masks:
Mick Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob


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<mask> (June 5, 1874 – November 6, 1931) was an American professional baseball pitcher. Nicknamed "<mask>", <mask> played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1899–1902), the New York Highlanders (1903–1909), and the Boston Red Sox (1909) of Major League Baseball (MLB). <mask> finished his career with a 198–132 win-loss record, a 2.68 earned run average, and 1,265 strikeouts. His 41 wins during the 1904 season remains an American League record. Though some pitchers have won more games in some seasons prior to 1901, historians demarcating 1901 as the beginning of 'modern-era' major league baseball refer to and credit <mask> and his 1904 win-total as the modern era major league record and its holder. Some view <mask>'s 41 wins in a season as an unbreakable record. <mask>'s 1904 pitching totals of 51 games started and 48 complete games also fall into the same historical category as his 1904 wins total, as they are all-time American League single-season records.These 1904 single-season totals for games started and complete games, like the wins total, are also the most recorded by a pitcher in either the American or National League since the beginning of the 20th century and the co-existence of the American and National Leagues as major leagues. If one demarcates 1901 as the beginning of major league baseball's modern era, <mask> holds the modern era major league historical single-season records for wins by a pitcher (41), games started by a pitcher (51), and complete games pitched (48). <mask> was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946 by the Veterans Committee, though he had received little consideration from the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). Some baseball historians consider the 1946 election a mistake, and believe that <mask> was elected solely on the basis of his 1904 season. Early life
He was born John D<mask> on June 5, 1874, in Houghtonville, a village in North Adams, Massachusetts. He was the fourth of five children of Chad Brown Chesebrough, a shoemaker, and Martha Jane Fralensburgh. In 1892, <mask> began playing for a sandlot ball team in Houghtonville.He worked in 1894 as an attendant at the Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital in Middletown, New York in order to play for the Asylums, the team representing the mental hospital. There, an inmate gave <mask> the nickname "<mask>", due to his pleasant demeanor. Professional career

Minor leagues (1895–1899)
<mask> began his professional career in minor league baseball in 1895. That year, he pitched for the Albany Senators of the New York State League until they folded, at which point he joined the Johnstown Buckskins. When the league disbanded during the season, he joined the Springfield Maroons of the Eastern League. In 1896, <mask> pitched for the Roanoke Magicians of the Virginia League, until it disbanded. He pitched the remainder of the 1896 season in Cooperstown, New York for the Cooperstown Athletics.There, the local newspaper shortened his last name to "<mask>" so that it would fit in the box score. <mask> pitched for the Richmond Bluebirds of the Atlantic League from 1897 through 1899. After the 1898 season, he was drafted by Ned Hanlon of the Baltimore Orioles. However, Hanlon took a job with the Brooklyn Superbas and the Orioles were nearly contracted, resulting in <mask> not signing with Baltimore, as Hanlon allowed the option to lapse. He returned to Richmond for the 1899 season. Major League Baseball (1899–1909)
<mask> was sold by Richmond to the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 7, 1899, for $1,500 ($ in current dollar terms). He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Pirates on July 12, 1899.He recorded a 6–9 win–loss record for the 1899 Pirates. After the season, on December 8, 1899, <mask> was traded with George Fox, Art Madison, John O'Brien, and $25,000 ($ in current dollar terms) to the Louisville Colonels for Honus Wagner, Fred Clarke, Bert Cunningham, Mike Kelley, Tacks Latimer, Tommy Leach, Tom Messitt, Deacon Phillippe, Claude Ritchey, Rube Waddell, <mask>, and Chief Zimmer. The Louisville club dissolved that offseason, and <mask>, Fox, Madison and O'Brien were assigned to Pittsburgh in March as the National League (NL) reduced from 12 to eight teams. After going 15–13 for the 1900 Pirates, <mask> won 21 games for the 1901 Pirates, while leading the NL with six shutouts. He went 28–6 with a 2.17 earned run average (ERA) for the 1902 Pirates, leading the NL in wins and shutouts. The Pirates won the National League pennant in 1901 and 1902. At the end of the 1902 season, the upstart American League (AL) began to entice NL stars to join their league by offering competitive salaries.<mask> agreed to sign with a new AL franchise, the New York Highlanders (presently known as the New York Yankees), for the 1903 season, for a $1,000 bonus ($ in current dollar terms) to join the AL. The news broke when Jesse Tannehill, who also agreed to join the Highlanders, told Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss about the planned defection while under the influence of pain medication. When he refused to participate in a postseason series, Dreyfuss released <mask> from the Pirates. <mask> pitched the Highlanders' first game. He finished the 1903 season with a 21–15 record. <mask> began throwing a spitball in the 1904 season, which he learned from Elmer Stricklett, the inventor of the spitball. <mask> also began working on a "slow ball".That year, he started 51 games and finished 48 while posting a 1.82 ERA, striking out 239 batters, and recording 41 wins and 48 complete games over  innings pitched, setting MLB records for wins, complete games, and innings pitched in a season. That year, no other pitcher in the league won more than 26. <mask> won 14 straight games from May 14 through July 4, a New York franchise record that stood until Roger Clemens broke it in 2001. His 239 strikeouts remained a team record until Ron Guidry struck out 248 in 1978. On the last day of the season, in a game against the Boston Americans (now known as the Boston Red Sox), he threw a wild pitch in the top of the ninth inning, allowing the winning run to score from third base and causing the Highlanders to lose the pennant to Boston. The ruling on this play was controversial. Even after <mask>'s death in 1931, his widow, with the support of former Highlanders manager Clark Griffith, continued to claim that the pitch was a passed ball, and blamed the winning run on catcher Red Kleinow.Before the 1905 season, <mask> announced that he had created a pitch he called the "jump ball". He struggled in the 1905 season, registering a 19–15 record. During the 1905 season, <mask> was involved in the first squeeze play in baseball. At third base, <mask> mistakenly thought he had received a steal sign from manager Clark Griffith, while Willie Keeler bunted for a hit. As <mask> scored, Griffith made a note of the play and taught it in spring training the following season. Many baseball observers expected <mask> to return to form in 1906. That season, <mask> registered a 23–17 record while leading the AL in earned runs allowed.He was removed from his starts 16 times, the most in the AL. <mask> announced he would work on keeping his weight down prior to the 1907 season, but announced his intentions to retire in February 1907. In March 1907, he announced he would return, but not at a pay cut. He signed a new contract two weeks into the 1907 season, in which he went 10–10. After the 1907 season, <mask> announced that he was giving up the experimental spitball, intending to return to the "old style of pitching" in 1908. He finished the 1908 season with a 14–20 record. Prior to the 1909 season, <mask> was assigned to the Indianapolis Indians of the American Association, a minor league affiliate of the Highlanders.However, <mask> threatened to retire if transferred there, and did not report to the Highlanders at first. <mask> made nine appearances for the Highlanders in 1909, before he was waived and claimed by the Boston Red Sox in September 1909. <mask> pitched one game for the Red Sox, the season finale against the Yankees. The Red Sox returned <mask> to the Highlanders prior to the 1910 season, but he was placed on the ineligible list after he refused to report to the minor leagues. Post-MLB career
<mask> returned to Massachusetts during the 1910 season, where he worked on a farm in Conway, Massachusetts, that he purchased a decade prior. He pitched for a semi-professional baseball team in Whitinsville, Massachusetts, leading them to a championship. <mask> coached for Massachusetts Agricultural College (presently known as the University of Massachusetts Amherst) in 1911 and continued to pitch for semipro clubs in Massachusetts.<mask> met with Highlanders owner Frank J. Farrell and new manager Harry Wolverton in February 1912 about attempting a comeback. Wolverton agreed to give <mask> a chance at pitching for the Highlanders. However, before leaving for camp he reconsidered and released <mask>. <mask>'s request for reinstatement as a free agent was granted in March, while the Highlanders granted him his unconditional release. <mask> decided to travel to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where teams participated in spring training, in an attempt to find a team willing to give him a chance at a comeback. He worked out with Brooklyn and Pittsburgh, but both teams passed on him. <mask> appeared in an old-timers game at Braves Field, sponsored by The Boston Post to benefit Boston Children's Hospital, on September 11, 1922.He served as a Washington Senators coach in 1924, which were managed by his former Highlanders manager, Clark Griffith. However, he and Ben Egan were let go when the Senators hired Al Schacht on June 1. In 1927, he managed a minor league team in South Deerfield, Massachusetts, pitching for the team on occasion. Legacy

<mask> was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946 by the Veterans Committee, which considers individuals who are eligible for the Hall of Fame, but no longer eligible to be elected by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). That year, the Veterans Committee elected eleven players: <mask>, Jesse Burkett, Frank Chance, Johnny Evers, Clark Griffith, Tommy McCarthy, Joe McGinnity, Eddie Plank, Joe Tinker, Rube Waddell, and Ed Walsh. During years where <mask> was eligible on the BBWAA ballot, <mask> received zero votes in the 1936 balloting, one vote in the 1937 balloting, two votes in the 1938 balloting, and six votes in the 1939 balloting, zero votes in the 1942 balloting, and zero votes in the 1945 balloting. Chesbro's 1904 record for games won in a season (41 wins) has stood for over a century—one of the oldest major records in baseball, or in any other sport.Under current playing practices, his record is unbreakable. <mask> started 51 games that season (plus 4 relief appearances) and pitched 48 complete games, for a record of 41–12. Today, it is uncommon for a pitcher to start even 35 games in a season and complete games are a rarity. The only other 40-win season since 1900 was 40 by Ed Walsh in 1908, and only three other pitchers in the modern era have won as many as 35--Christy Mathewson (37 in 1908), Walter Johnson (36 in 1913) and Joe McGinnity (35 in 1904). The last pitcher to win as many as 30 games was Denny McLain in 1968. The pitcher's mound was lowered to its current height of 10 inches in 1969, and since then no pitcher has won more than 27 games in a season. Tinker considered <mask> one of the six toughest pitchers he faced in MLB.Dan Holmes, who runs the Hall of Fame's website, called <mask> "one of the best pitchers in the game at that time." However, <mask>'s induction is considered dubious, as his overall career was overshadowed by his 1904 season. Baseball historian Bill James considers <mask> to be undeserving of induction to the Hall of Fame. In particular, James compared <mask>'s statistics to those of former Pittsburgh Pirate teammates Deacon Phillippe (189–109, 2.59), Sam Leever (194–100, 2.47), and Jesse Tannehill (197–117, 2.80), none of whom are in the Hall of Fame. In his book The Politics of Glory, James charged that the induction of undeserving players created a "second tier" in the Hall of Fame. James claimed that <mask> was inducted into the Hall of Fame solely on the basis of his 1904 season, even though other pitchers who did not make the Hall of Fame have similar career statistics. Personal life
Chesbro married Mabel Suttleworth of Conway, Massachusetts, in 1896.After his retirement, <mask> farmed and raised poultry in Conway, where he died on November 6, 1931, of a myocardial infarction; he was buried at Howland Cemetery in Conway. Mabel died in 1940. See also

 List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders

References
Bibliography

In-line citations

External links

<mask> at SABR (Baseball BioProject)

1874 births
1931 deaths
Baseball players from Massachusetts
Major League Baseball pitchers
Pittsburgh Pirates players
New York Highlanders players
Boston Red Sox players
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
American League wins champions
National League wins champions
People from North Adams, Massachusetts
Springfield Maroons players
Johnstown Buckskins players
Albany Senators players
Roanoke Magicians players
Richmond Giants players
Richmond Bluebirds players
Washington Senators (1901–1960) coaches
19th-century baseball players
People from Conway, Massachusetts

masks:
John Dwight Chesbro
Happy Jack
Chesbro
Chesbro
Jack Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Jack Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
. Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Happy Jack
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Jack Wadsworth
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
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Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
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Chesbro
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Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Chesbro
Jack Chesbro


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<mask> (born <mask> in Jakarta, Indonesia on 28 February 1992) is an Indonesian  model. She holds dual Indonesian and American citizenship She married Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra on 26 August 2008. Personal life
Her mother, Daisy, was previously married to Edy, an Indonesian, followed by American George Manz, who is the biological father of <mask>. The marriage broke up in 1994 and Daisy later married <mask>, a German citizen, whose surname Manohara adopted. Daisy fled France in 2007 with <mask> and another daughter Dewi after her adopted daughter, Saliha, made a police report against Daisy and <mask> alleging sexual harassment and physical abuse. Daisy was jailed 18 months in absentia while <mask> got four months. She is still a wanted women in France for  "submitting a vulnerable and dependent person to undignified working conditions and assault since 1998".Manohara gained widespread attention from the Indonesian media in mid April 2009 when her mother, Daisy Fajarina, alleged that Tengku Fakhry, Malaysian Kelantanese prince and <mask>'s husband, abducted Manohara. <mask> met Tengku Fakhry in December 2006 at a dinner held by the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia at time, Najib Razak. Despite some problems such as the absence of wali nikah (legal witness) and no legal letter from the Indonesian Embassy, Tengku Fakhry married 16-year-old <mask> in Malaysia on 26 August 2008. During her stay in Kelantan, <mask> was said to have endured physical and mental abuse from her husband. As a result, she surreptitiously returned to Indonesia via Singapore. Tengku's attempts to woo her back were unsuccessful. He purchased a car for Manohara as a birthday gift in February 2009, and also invited <mask>, her mother and her half-sister on an umrah pilgrimage to Mecca.On 9 March 2009 after the pilgrimage to Mecca, <mask>'s mother and Dewi Sri Asih (<mask>'s half-sister) were left at an airport in Mecca. Daisy pleaded with the Indonesian government and the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) for help to get her abducted daughter back. The issue gained greater attention when Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak dodged questions about the alleged abduction of <mask> by the Malaysian prince as he met Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Jakarta on 23 April 2009. The mother of the missing model held a press conference at the National Commission on Violence Against Women in Jakarta. She complained that Malaysian authorities had stopped her going to Malaysia to check on her daughter's condition. The circumstances have been compared to the case of Altantuya Shaariibu. The Indonesian government demanded the Malaysian government explain why an Indonesian woman was denied entry to see her daughter amid claims of abuse committed by her husband of Malaysian royalty.On Sunday, 31 May 2009 <mask> escaped Kelantan Sultan's authority in Singapore and returned to Indonesia with her mother. <mask> and Kelantan royal family were in Singapore to accompany Sultan of Kelantan as he sought medical treatment there. Daisy Fajarina was in Singapore to meet her daughter, and Manohara called her to tell her the name of hotel where she was staying. When Manohara tried to escape the hotel, Kelantan bodyguards attempted to stop her on the 3rd floor where the Sultan was staying. With assistance from the US Embassy, Manohara reached Changi Airport and finally succeeded in returning to Indonesia with her mother. At a TV press conference on 31 May 2009, Manohara confirmed her mother's allegations that her husband, Tengku Fakhry, had abused her both emotionally and physically. Manohara also stated that she would not return to Kelantan, also expressing her willingness to file for divorce from Tengku Fakhry.Women's rights activist Ratna Sarumpaet, who previously offered assistance to <mask>, withdrew the offer, citing <mask> and Daisy's lack of determination in pursuing the case. Lawyer O.C. Kaligis, who offered his legal counsel, also withdrew from representing Manohara, citing difficulty in gathering evidence and cooperation. The case was then taken by lawyer Hotman Paris Hutapea. Indonesia's Foreign Affairs Ministry offered to assist and prepared to file a report to Malaysian police on Manohara's behalf, provided she produced all necessary evidence. Indonesian police also advised Manohara to make a police report in Malaysia with the help of the Foreign Ministry. However, Manohara did not take up the offer, baffling the Indonesian authorities, who  began to suspect something was amiss.They also failed to have made public or given to the Malaysian lawyers a medical report, resulting in their lawyer, Fakrul, applying to discharge himself from the case. The case involved both <mask>'s biological father and stepfather when Daisy informed Indonesian media that <mask> was in Jakarta to lend support to Manohara over recent reports that Manz had sided with Prince Fakhry. <mask> also planned to take <mask> to Europe to further her education in arts and economics. <mask>'s biological father George Manz considered it a bad idea, as <mask> is accused of sexual harassment and was threatening to get the US State Department involved because then-17-year-old Manohara is a US citizen. Saliha returned to Indonesia after more than 10 years to bring her adoptive mother Daisy Fajarina to justice. Indonesian Foreign Minister Hassan Wirajuda confirmed he had received a report from the Consulate-General in Marseilles, France, requesting the Indonesian government assist in getting Daisy to serve the sentence. In February 2020, Manohara stated in an Instagram story that she had already converted to Christianity, she claimed that she had been a Christian for many years and that it is not anybody's business as it is an extremely private matter between oneself and God.Legal case
The legal case below is solely based on a lawsuit Fakhry filed within his home state of Malaysia, where Fakhry has much political connections and power. If <mask> had returned to Malaysia or attended the court cases, she ran the threat of being kidnapped from her freedom again or lend credibility to a very biased. It was deemed both intelligent and prudent for her not to attend. <mask> has challenged prince Fakhry to submit another lawsuit in her home state of Indonesia, where his connections and influence would not lead to such a biased outcome. In Malaysia courts, <mask> <mask> <mask> has been ordered to return to her husband Tengku Temenggong of Kelantan, Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Sultan Ismail Petra, and pay him the RM1.2mil she borrowed from him after failing to file defence nor attend her court case. If Manohara did not return to her husband, she is deemed to be derhaka (disloyal) and nyusyuz (recalcitrant) and therefore, did not deserve anything from her husband. The court could not accept the argument that the amount of RM1,112,250 was a gift from Tengku Muhammad Fakhry, based on the non-appearance in court of Manohara throughout the proceedings.Tengku Fakhry had always maintained that money was not the issue and that it was about his dignity and reputation. He said he was forced to initiate legal proceedings to clear his name as the allegations of physical and sexual abuse were baseless and meant to disparage him in the eyes of the members of the royalty, the government and the public. Her mother, Daisy Fajarina told that her family was prepared to face the consequences of ignoring the court order including Manohara losing her privileges as Cik Puan Temenggong Kelantan, nor will they pay back the so-called RM1 million debt. On 20 February 2010, Manohara again became a news item in Malaysia, with her picture kissing Amiel Mohede in the public, while her divorce is still pending. References

1992 births
Indonesian people of American descent
American people of Indonesian descent
Indonesian female models
Indonesian socialites
American female models
American socialites
Living people
People from Jakarta

masks:
Manohara Odelia Pinot
Manohara Odelia Manz
Manohara
Juergen Reiner Noack Pinot
Manohara
Pinot
Pinot
Manohara
Manohara
Manohara
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Manohara
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Odelia
Pinot


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<mask> (7 January 1938 – 6 July 2021) was the first Prime Minister of Dominica as well as its last Premier. He led Dominica to independence from the United Kingdom. He was leader of the Waterfront and Allied Workers' Union and mayor of Roseau before being elected to the legislature in 1970. He became Premier in 1974 following the resignation of Edward Oliver LeBlanc. After mass protest forced him to resign, <mask> unsuccessfully attempted in 1981 to overthrow the government of Prime Minister Eugenia Charles with the backing of white supremacist groups (in what became dubbed "Operation Red Dog"). As a result, he was jailed for twelve years, of which he served five years. On 6 July 2021, <mask> died at the Dominica China Friendship Hospital in Roseau, Dominica, at the age of 83.Premiership (1974–1978)
After the resignation of Edward O. LeBlanc in 1974, <mask> succeeded him as Premier of Dominica. The Labour Party administration led by <mask> founded Dominica's National Commercial & Development Bank, and rid the capital city of Roseau of many shanty-type dwellings and replaced them with modern housing developments at Bath Estate and River Estate. <mask>'s government also opened a new deepwater harbour at Fond Cole and started the Dominica Social Security system. However, division grew in Dominica following the murder of a number of tourists in the mid-1970s and the emergence of a black power movement. <mask> introduced legislation so broadly drawn that it even regulated acceptable modes of dress. Later, he indicated that revolutionary groups would not be tolerated. His reign as Premier and Prime Minister was regarded as one of the most tumultuous periods in Dominica's history.He was responsible for the infamous Prohibited and Undesirable Societies Act or "Dread Act", which was passed in 1974 and was meant to combat the lawlessness of countless Dominican youth. That act made it legal to arrest any "Dread" without a warrant and deny bail to anyone wearing "a badge of the society" i.e. dreadlocks. Prime Ministership (1978–1979)
<mask> became the first Prime Minister of Dominica on 3 November 1978 when the country was granted independence from Britain. <mask> was the honorary commander of Dominica's 80-strong defense force and was in favor of a mixed economy. Internationally, he showed interest in development that saw the island's future linked with the West. One of his first acts after independence was to establish diplomatic relations with South Korea.Crisis phase and resignation
Sentiment against the Labour Party government led by <mask> continued to grow after the implementation of the Dread Act. On 29 May 1979, <mask>'s attempts to quell opposition to his leadership led to a clash outside parliament in which a young man named Phillip Timothy and another individual were killed, and a dozen others wounded. Resistance to his rule strengthened as public servants went on strike and the country was completely shut down. The Committee for National Salvation, led by Charles Savarin, called for a general strike and the resignation of <mask> and the government. One by one, Labour Party parliamentarians resigned their positions in the cabinet and they were often aided by a rain of stones from protesters. The first Labour Party minister to resign was Oliver Seraphin who then went on to become interim Prime Minister until elections in July 1980. On June 11, 1979, President Frederick Degazon fled to Britain.<mask> was voted out of office by the House of Assembly on June 20, 1979, and the general strike ended the next day. Coup attempt
<mask> lost his seat in the Dominica House of Assembly in the general elections of 1980. In 1981 <mask> was among seven individuals including former commander of the DDF Major Frederick Newton, who were arrested for alleged plots to overthrow the government. That year there were two attempted coups d'état. Disaffected Dominica Defense Force (DDF) members, aided by a group of Dreads (Rastafarians) near Giraudel, and foreign mercenaries sought to overthrow the duly elected Dominica Freedom Party government led by Prime Minister Mary Eugenia Charles. The attempts at a coup d'état were discovered, thwarted, and the plotters both in Dominica and the United States were exposed. Under emergency powers, <mask> and others were arrested for their involvement in Operation Red Dog, which had the aim of restoring <mask> to power with the aid of Canadian and American citizens, largely affiliated with white supremacist and Ku Klux Klan groups.In court cases which followed, the trial judge found that <mask> was initially released, but the State appealed and the Court of Appeal ordered a new trial to take place. On October 23, 1985, <mask> was found guilty and sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the government. <mask> was later pardoned by the same Prime Minister Mary Eugenia Charles he sought to overthrow, and he was released from prison on May 29, 1990. Sports
Following his release from prison, <mask>, formerly a member of the Dominica national football team, became a local football administrator. In 1992, he was elected President of the Dominica Football Association (DFA). Under his leadership the DFA became a FIFA affiliate in 1994. He served as President until 2006, when he was voted out of office by the local football fraternity.In 2007, he was inducted into the CONCACAF Hall of Fame. In May 2008, he was re-elected as President of the DFA. The DFA administrative headquarters is named "Patrick John Football House" in honour of him. In November 2011, <mask> was banned by FIFA from the sport for two years and fined $3,300, for his part in an alleged bribery scheme involving FIFA presidential candidate Mohamed bin Hammam. References

External links
Tull: Tell us about coup rumours, NationNews, 4 October 2006

See also
 Luciano Bivar

1938 births
2021 deaths
Association football executives
Dominica criminals
Dominica footballers
Dominica Labour Party politicians
Dominica prisoners and detainees
Members of the House of Assembly of Dominica
Finance ministers of Dominica
Prime Ministers of Dominica
Prisoners and detainees of Dominica
Association footballers not categorized by position
Ku Klux Klan members
White supremacists
Dominica people of British descent

masks:
Patrick Roland John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John


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<mask> (May 29, 1916 – December 14, 2002) was an American film producer best known for his work on the Mel Brooks film The Producers. Early life
<mask> was born in Philadelphia on May 29, 1916, the second of three sons born to Russian-Polish émigré parents <mask> and Sophie Schekid from Minsk. His elder brother, Tom Glazer, became a composer, guitarist, and folk singer. His father, a carpenter, died during the 1918 flu epidemic, and when his mother remarried, her new husband, Solomon Levick did not want her children in the house. As a result, the three boys were placed in the Hebrew Orphan Home in Philadelphia when Glazier was 5. Glazier later reported that "[h]er reasoning and the pain it brought us remains incomprehensible, unfathomable." Glazier ran away from the orphanage after being sexually abused by a volunteer, but returned as he could find nowhere else to go.He later sought psychoanalysis to help him deal with these childhood experiences. Glazier left the home at the age of 15, working as an usher at the Bijou burlesque theater that showed films between acts. He recalled "I instantly realized that films would always be the loveliest and best escape from the troubled life I inherited". He also worked as a part-time pimp for a local madam. Glazier was managing the Mayfair Theater in Dayton, Ohio, when shortly before the United States entered the Second World War, he enlisted in the Army. The newly married Glazier served in Australia and New Guinea as a second lieutenant, commanding 100 black troops as a support unit of the 380th Bombardment Group. New York and film production
After his discharge and divorce, Glazier moved to Manhattan, where he was appointed the night manager of the Apollo Bar and worked with jazz artists such as Duke Ellington and Billie Holiday.He found a day job under the GI Bill as an apprentice jeweller, but left the position seeking to become a bonds salesman for the new state of Israel. His success in fund-raising led him to be appointed as the executive director of the Eleanor Roosevelt Cancer Foundation. He greatly admired Eleanor Roosevelt as a person and activist and the two later became friends. When she died in 1962, he initiated the production of the documentary on her life. The film, The Eleanor Roosevelt Story, which <mask> produced, was groundbreaking in style and won the 1965 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. In 1964, he married Yungmei Tang who had worked as a production assistant on the film. The couple had a daughter, Karen, in 1965.The Producers
In the fledgling film writer and director Mel Brooks pitched his project Springtime for Hitler to Glazier. Brooks had previously made numerous unsuccessful attempts to interest movie producers. Over lunch in Glazier's office, Brooks acted out all the parts and began singing Springtime for Hitler. Glazier reported that he had never laughed so hard in his life. "He spit out his coffee and tuna sandwich and couldn't stop laughing," recalled Brooks. "He said 'I vow to get this movie made. The world must see this picture.'"Glazier struggled at first to interest movie studios in the show business satire, but with perseverance Joseph E. Levine at Avco Embassy accepted the project and agreed to let Brooks direct the movie. Filming was not without its challenges. Brooks was an anxious, perfectionist and difficult novice director, who had problems communicating with the actors. Zero Mostel was also often angry and demanding, and Glazier had to mediate between the director, Mostel and others. Despite frequent requests from Brooks for extra money and resources, Glazier succeeded in bringing the film in under budget. Brooks remembered Glazier as a producer was "very bright, warm and a bit of a bon vivant. <mask> was the first one to say, "The dailies look good, let's have a party."He'd have a party about anything – have a few drinks, canapés and pretty girls. He was right out of a black-and-white Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers movie." The film, renamed The Producers at the insistence of Levine, had a mixed reception. Many critics gave it poor reviews, but the actor and comedian Peter Sellers was so enthralled that he took out ads in various trade papers praising the film as "the essence of all great comedy combined in a single motion picture." The film was to become a cult classic, and in 1996 was entered into the National Film Registry as a "culturally, historically and aesthetically significant film." In his 2001 Tony Award acceptance speech for the Broadway adaptation of the film, Brooks credited Glazier as the "man who made it happen." He recalled "None of it – all of this wonderful, magical stuff – would be, if it wasn't for the faith and courage of this terrific guy."Later career

Glazier formed a distribution company, Universal Marion Corporation Pictures, and acted as executive producer on films, such as Woody Allen's Take the Money and Run (1969), Waris Hussein's Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx (1970), Mel Brooks's Twelve Chairs (1970), and Glen and Randa (1971). The company managed the US distribution of Luis Buñuel's Milky Way (1969) and the Dario Argento film The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (1970). In 1973 Glazier produced the television drama Catholics (1973). The production, adapted from a Brian Moore novel about the Roman Catholic Church after Vatican II, won a Peabody Award. Brooks asked Glazier to go to Hollywood to work on further films, but with his marriage breaking up he demurred, preferring to remain in New York to be close to his daughter. He continued a savvy business career—for example he invested in the doctor who discovered Viagra—and maintained generous friendships with many, in which he disliked being the center of attention. Glazier died at the age of 86 of natural causes at a nursing home in Bennington, Vermont."Most movie executives and producers," said Brooks, "are usually boring and dull, and not well-read. They don't care about art or painting, they just care about profits. But <mask> was always an artist. You could talk about anything with him - great literature, life and love." The writer and critic Michael Coveney knew Glazier as demanding [...], irascible, impatient but full of charm", someone who "epitomised [New York]'s spirit of tolerance, intellectual curiosity, fast living and taste for the high life". References

1916 births
2002 deaths
American film producers
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Producers of Best Documentary Feature Academy Award winners
United States Army Air Forces officers

masks:
Sidney Glazier
Sidney Glazier
Jake Glazier
Glazier
Sidney
Sidney