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<mask> (April 20, 1841 – February 4, 1920)  was an American businessman, industrialist and philanthropist. He was called "America's Match King" because of his controlling interest in the Diamond Match Company, which had 85 percent of the market in 1881. He founded the city of Barberton, Ohio in 1891 and moved his manufacturing plant there in 1894. It produced 250 million matches per day. He also founded the Akron City Hospital. Biography
<mask> (called O.C.) was born the second son of George and <mask> in Middlebury, a small Ohio village later annexed by Akron.His father made matches by hand, which his sons sold door to door. O.C. received a common school education, and at age 15 began working for his father. At age 16, O.C<mask> became the company salesman. At 20, he was a partner in the business, and by 21 the general manager. The company had difficulties through the American Civil War, and O.C.'s older brother, George H<mask>, who was a soldier, died of dysentery, one of the many war casualties of disease. By 1880 the Barber Company had become the biggest match-producing company in Ohio and one of the largest in the nation. Unregulated competition made it difficult for the Barber Company to keep stable. In 1881, the Barber Company and 11 other match-producing companies merged into the Diamond Match Company, which dominated the match market, holding 85 per cent of the U.S. Market. <mask> was long a leader in his own home town, Akron. He was, for many years, president of the First National Bank of Akron, and when it was consolidated with the Second National Bank under the name of the First-Second National Bank he was unanimously elected to the presidency of the combined institutions. To expand manufacturing operations, <mask> purchased a large area from Norton Township founding the city of Barberton in 1891.He intended it to be a model for industrial and residential development. <mask> developed its early stages through The Barberton Land and Improvement Company. Within a few years, the city had expanded with industrial and residential areas, growing at such a rate it was nicknamed "Magic City". It attracted many new immigrants to its industrial jobs. In 1894 <mask> moved his match-making plant from Akron to Barberton, which helped the city's economy. The factory produced 250 million matches each day. In 1889, <mask> founded and organized the American Straw Board Company.He was one of the early manufacturers of rubber products, and organized and managed the Diamond Rubber Company up to the time of its acquisition by the B. F. Goodrich Company. The sewer-pipe and steel-tube industry next engaged his attention, and he became a western pioneer in this line of endeavor. He founded the Stirling Boiler Company which was merged with the Babcock & Wilcox Boiler Manufacturing Company of Barberton and Bayonne, New Jersey, the concern thus becoming the largest manufacturer of steel boilers in the world. For a number of years, they constructed four-fifths of the product used by the United States Navy. One of the biggest achievements of <mask>'s career, particularly from the humanitarian and economical standpoints, was the establishment, with Frederick Grinnell and others, of the General Fire Extinguisher Company. <mask> was the founder and sole owner of the O. C. Barber Concrete Company, whose plant at Barberton was said to be the largest of its kind in the world. It also made art works in concrete.He originated the O. C. Barber Fertilizer Company, of Barber, Virginia. He also undertook the development of large tracts of land in and about the city of Canton, Ohio, in connection with which he has organized and operated a large plant under the name of the O. C. Barber Allied Industries Company. Some of these lands contain valuable coal, lime, and clay properties. He was the originator and guiding spirit of Barber Subways, at Cleveland. His plans called for the building of an underground system of subways connecting every railroad entering Cleveland, at the Lake Front, thus facilitating the handling of freight, and the establishment of the great warehouse system on the Lake Shore, where he owned large frontages. In 1905, he began his last project, to create a scientific farm. He gradually purchased more than .In 1909, <mask> used his wealth to commission construction of a three-story, 52-room mansion in Barberton; it was completed in 18 months. Over  long, the mansion was designed in the French Renaissance Revival style by the Akron architects Harpster & Bliss. It cost more than $400,000 to construct and had an area of . Among its amenities was an elevator with a glass skylight. On the grounds were gardens and a  park, designed by a Chicago landscape architect firm. The extravagant building was reported by local and national papers; the New York Times called it the "finest mansion between New York and Chicago." <mask> and his family moved into the mansion in October 1910.It stood until 1965, when it was demolished. In addition, <mask> had 35 structures built as part of his experimental, scientific Anna Dean Farm, which covered . He named it after his daughter Anna and her husband, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan. These were also in the French Renaissance Revival style, as he believed farm buildings should be both beautiful and functional. He intended to have a farm that operated as efficiently as industry. For education, he opened the grounds to the public weekly on Sundays. Many of his facilities were the largest in the world at the time, such as the greenhouses, covering  and heated by the Heating House; Barn #3,  long,  wide and three stories high, the largest barn in the world when constructed in 1912, and the Brooder Barn's incubator.He raised 50,000 chickens, which were allowed "free range". <mask> had a barn for 140 thoroughbred Belgian draft horses, used for show and for farm work. In 1920, <mask> died at his mansion in Barberton. He willed his farm to Case Western University, intending it to serve as the basis of an agricultural college, but he failed to complete the financing before his death. Since neither his widow nor the university was able to operate the farm, the university sold most of the property. It was divided and redeveloped. Family
After the American Civil War, when <mask> was 26, he married Laura Brown of Coventry, Ohio.They had one daughter Anna, the namesake years later for a lake and park in Barberton, and a son <mask>, who died young. Anna Dean Farm was named after their daughter and her husband, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan. Laura died in 1894. After being a widower for 20 years, in 1915 <mask> married <mask>, who had worked as his secretary and shared his vision. Legacy and honors
 Eight of the farm buildings of Anna Dean Farm survive. Six are owned and maintained by the Barberton Historical Society, which is stabilizing them. The eight surviving buildings are Barn No.1, the Colt Barn, the Creamery, the Piggery, the Brooder Barn, the Poultry Manager's Office, the Feed Barn, and the Heating House, gradually being renovated and restored for other uses. Two are now used as private residences. The most significant, the former dairy barn, Barn No. 1, was restored in 1985 by the Yoder Brothers, horticulturalists who use it for their world headquarters. Its silos resemble castle towers and are visible from across the city. They are constructed of red brick edged in white concrete block, with royal blue trim and red tile roofing. The other barns have been structurally stabilized and at least partially restored.All but one may be renovated for other economic uses. Barberton, Ohio
 The Barberton Erie Depot
 Barber near Chico, California was named after him. He had the neighborhood built as workers' housing for the employees of the Diamond Match factory in Chico. At its peak, Barber also had orchards, shops, a swimming pool, social hall, and neighborhoods of bungalow houses. <mask> faced stiff competition by local manufacturers, and in 1908 he consolidated his operations in Ohio. The village of Barber was eventually absorbed into the town of Chico, California. He founded Akron City Hospital in 1904 and in 1906 the Akron Chamber of Commerce.References

External links

"O.C. Barber Mansion Collection", Summit Memory

American city founders
1841 births
1920 deaths
People from Barberton, Ohio
American industrialists
American philanthropists
Burials at Glendale Cemetery, Akron
People from Akron, Ohio

masks:
Ohio Columbus Barber
Ohio Columbus Barber
Eliza Barber
. Barber
. Barber
Barber
Barber
Barber
Barber
Barber
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Barber
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Charles
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Mary Orr
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<mask> is an American writer, filmmaker, college professor, podcast creator and radio host who focuses on music, film and popular culture. <mask>, who is editor-in-chief of Relix, grew up in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. Ticket Masters
In April 2012, Plume/Penguin published the revised, expanded edition of <mask>'s latest book, Ticket Masters: The Rise of the Concert Industry and How the Public Got Scalped, in North America and the U.K. ECW Press issued the original hardcover edition of the book, co-authored with Josh Baron, in 2011. Ticket Masters explores the emergence of computerized ticketing and the rise of the modern concert industry. It is the first book to chronicle the origins, development and ongoing strategies of companies such as Ticketron, Ticketmaster, Live Nation and StubHub, the efforts of numerous independent competitors and bands such as the Grateful Dead, The String Cheese Incident and Phish. The Wall Street Journal reviewer Ken Kurson wrote, "A clear, comprehensive look at a murky business, the book is also an encyclopedia of information about the rise, decline and rebirth of the live music industry." Similar assessments appeared in Rolling Stone, Maclean's, Pollstar and other outlets.A revised expanded paperback edition was published by Plume in 2012. <mask> has gone on to appear as a panelist and deliver keynotes about the subject at numerous industry events, including: CMJ, the Ticket Summit, the International Ticketing Association Conference (INTIX), the IAVM Arena Management Conference, by:Larm  and the International Music Festival Conference. He has commented about ticketing issues for a variety of media outlets. and also has lectured on this topic at college campuses. <mask> continues to write about ticketing and the concert industry for Billboard, The Hollywood Reporter, Variety and Bloomberg View. Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle
<mask> has explained that the idea for Ticket Masters first came to him in the mid-1990s, while a graduate student at Harvard University's History of American Civilization program, when he explored reports of ticket scalping on Charles Dickens' final American speaking tour. <mask> happened upon such accounts (as well as those related to the "Swedish Nightingale" Jenny Lind) while writing his doctoral dissertation on Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle.In Direct Verdict: The Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle Trial Discourse, <mask>, who also earned a J.D. at Columbia Law School, worked from the original trial transcripts, dozens of newspaper reports and other primary sources to explore the silent film comic's life before and after his manslaughter trials that followed the death of actress Virginia Rappe on September 9, 1921. Directed Verdict examines not only on prevailing attitudes towards Hollywood and a new culture of celebrity but also tabloid journalism, the onset of Prohibition and the emerging, oft-contradictory roles of women in the 1920s. <mask> received his PhD in 2000 and his dissertation committee consisted of Henry Louis Gates, Werner Sollors and Ellen Fitzpatrick. After serving as a teaching fellow and tutor at Harvard, <mask> has gone on to teach at the Massachusetts College of Art and Design, Roger Williams University and the University of Rhode Island. Long May They Run podcast
In September 2019, Variety reported that <mask> would be the writer and host of a new podcast titled Long May They Run. Cadence13 launched the music-themed, documentary-style podcast, with a focus on bands that thrive in the live setting.Phish is the subject of season one. Variety notes that the season "will offer a deep dive into the history of Phish as well as its impact on music culture, the industry and beyond," through over 75 interviews, including those with the band members and management. Season one launched on September 16 with "A Pattern Language" and "A Timless Way of Building" the first two episodes of the 10 slated for season one. The series immediately topped the Apple podcast U.S. music charts. The New York Times named it one of six notable podcasts to launch that month. The subject of season 2 has yet to be announced. John Popper memoir
In December 2015, Billboard published an exclusive cover reveal for Suck and Blow: And Other Stories I'm Not Supposed To Tell, the autobiography of longtime Blues Traveler frontman John Popper, which <mask> co-authored.The New York Post hailed Popper's "off-beat, hilarious new memoir" in a two-page review. <mask> and Popper later discussed the book during an event at New York City's Strand Bookstore. Popper supported Suck and Blow with numerous media appearances, including a performance on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on which Popper played alongside vice-presidential candidate Tim Kaine. The Post later named Suck and Blow to its list of "The 40 best books of 2016 you must read immediately." Grateful Dead: Liner Notes, Journalism and Novel

<mask> has contributed liner notes to the Grateful Dead's RFK box set and Garcia Live Volume Eight (He previously drafted liners for Matisyahu, Spin Doctors and others). A chapter on the Grateful Dead's pioneering mail-order ticketing service appears in Ticket Masters.<mask>'s 2017 Billboard piece on the band explored the group's licensing deals with Warner/Rhino Entertainment and additional plans for its intellectual property. In 2017 he also wrote a Relix cover story on Dead & Company, which followed up his earlier cover stories on the band. His other related articles include interviews with Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter and pieces that have focused on Brent Mydland and the missing soundboard tapes recorded by Betty-Cantor Jackson, His conversation with Deadhead Bill Walton appeared in Relix Conversation video series, while previous installments with Warren Haynes & John Scofield and Luther Dickinson & Anders Osborne all touched on their time performing in Phil Lesh and Friends. In 2015  <mask> served as editor of the official Fare Thee Well daily programs, securing a welcome message from President Obama. He served in a similar capacity for the Dead reunion shows at Alpine Valley in 2002. The 2015 Billboard piece that first shared the cover for John Popper's memoir, also revealed that <mask>'s next project was a "Grateful-Dead themed novel. Rare Bird Books published Might As Well in the spring of 2016.One reviewer described it as "a highly entertaining (and wildly funny) fictionalized multi-character account of a Grateful Dead show, which details the experience of both the lot scene and an actual show (for those who could get tickets) at Brendan Byrne Arena in the fall of 1989." <mask> later revealed in an interview that the general excitement from the Fare Thee Well shows had inspired him to revisit the band's touring days. The era that provides the backdrop to Might As Well is the same time period <mask> subsequently wrote about in the box set Robert F. Kennedy Stadium, Washington, D.C., July 12 & 13, 1989. Wetlands Preserved
In 2004 his interest in film as well as an ongoing focus on live music led <mask> to begin work on the feature-length documentary Wetlands Preserved: The Story of An Activist Rock Club. <mask> directed the film, which utilized archival footage, soundboard recordings and the efforts of a dozen digital animators to relate the story of Tribeca nightclub Wetlands Preserve. The documentary also includes music and interviews with Dave Matthews, Bob Weir, Questlove and Warren Haynes as well as members of Phish, moe., Agnostic Front, 311, the Disco Biscuits and many others. Wetlands Preserved, shown at such festivals as SXSW, Woodstock and Asheville (where it won top documentary honors), was released to theatres by First Run Features on March 14, 2008.The New York Times wrote, "Wetlands Preserved is a fond account of the rising, thriving and eventual closing of the TriBeCa club known as the Wetlands Preserve." Other positive reviews appeared in the New York Daily News, Newsday and additional outlets. Wetlands Preserved was later acquired for television by the Sundance Channel

Jambands, the Jammy Awards and Relix
While still a graduate student, <mask> wrote two books, The Phishing Manual (Hyperion, 1996) and Jam Bands (ECW Press, 1998).<ref>Andy Smith "Enthusiasm for jam translates into guide," Providence Journal, January 14, 1999</ref> In the summer of 1998, shortly before the publication of the second book, <mask> created Jambands.com along with webmaster Andy Gadiel (who would go on to create the JamBase website). <mask> is often said to have coined the term jam band. However, in 2003, with the publication of an expanded edition of Jambands (Backbeat Books, 2003) and later in Peter Conners book, JAMerica (Da Capo, 2013) <mask> indicated it that he only popularized it, although he is responsible for recasting it as a single word.<mask>nick Jambands: The Complete Guide to the Players, Music & Scene, Backbeat Books, 2003, JAMerica, p. 79. During the summer of 1999 <mask> produced the Jambands.com tour, which traveled from Maine to Maryland over two weeks and featured performances by such groups as: The Disco Biscuits, The Slip, STS9, Deep Banana Blackout and Percy Hill with special appearances by Allman Brothers Band members Butch Trucks and Oteil Burbridge (Budnick later served as board member for Trucks' Flying Frog Records). In 2000 Budnick created the Jammy Awards along with Wetlands owner Peter Shapiro.The inaugural edition of this awards show took place on June 22, 2000, at Irving Plaza, where <mask> co-hosted with the musician Peter Prince while wearing a tuxedo, a tradition <mask> would repeat at every Jammys. Over successive years the Jammys would move to the Roseland Ballroom and then to the Theater at Madison Square Garden, where, in its final installment in 2008, Phish received the Lifetime Achievement Award on the eve of the band's announcement that it would return to the stage after a four-year hiatus. In 2001 <mask> also began his ongoing association with Relix Magazine, which acquired Jambands.com. His Relix cover stories have included profiles of Phish, Phil Lesh and Bob Weir, Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood Ray LaMontagne and My Morning Jacket, Carlos Santana, The Allman Brothers Band, Bonnie Raitt and Grace Potter, Ryan Adams, Zac Brown Band, Tenacious D, Warren Haynes, Tedeschi Trucks Band,<mask>nick. "A Joyful Noise", Relix, January–February 2016 Gary Clark Jr., moe., Grace Potter & The Nocturnals, a H.O.R.D.E. Retrospective The String Cheese Incident and Dave Matthews Band. In his role at Relix he created the official Bonnaroo Music Festival daily newspaper, the Bonnaroo Beacon and event newspapers for Phish's festivals, the Grateful Dead's 2002 Terrapin Station reunion shows and Dave Matthews Band.<mask> edited the three daily programs for Fare Thee Well: Celebrating 50 Years of the Grateful Dead in Chicago on July 3–5, 2015, in which the surviving members of the Grateful Dead—Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann and Mickey Hart—joined by Trey Anastasio, Bruce Hornsby and Jeff Chimenti. <mask> secured a special message by President Barack Obama which appeared in the program  (He later explained, "The whole thing was a surprise. I wanted to keep it from the band members until they saw it in the program....It all happened rather quickly. It made perfect sense to me since Chicago is the President's town and the 'Core Four' had been supportive of his initial campaign. Back in October 2008 Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann and Mickey Hart reunited to perform at the Change Rocks event for then-candidate Barack Obama. They later took the stage at the Mid-Atlantic Inaugural ball in January 2009. So I contacted the White House, described the event, although they seemed quite aware of it, and received the message a day later.They even sent along the official image to run with the President's words.") He also programmed the Live Soundtrack Cinema at the inaugural Lockn' Festival, a film tent that designed to "unite the musical side with the visual side by having the audio feed from the stage playing as specifically-selected features, shorts and animated films that complement the music are screened." At the second Lockn' Festival, he edited the official four-day festival newspaper, The Lockn' Times, which debuted that year. In September 2013, he was named editor-in-chief at Relix, sharing the role with Mike Greenhaus. The Lockn' Times and Bonnaroo Beacon continue to be published. Jam Nation Radio
In the fall of 2000 <mask> and Jefferson Waful began co-hosting the Jam Nation radio show. Jam Nation originated from WMRQ in Hartford, Connecticut, where it aired Sunday nights from 8 to 10 PM.Twice a month the show hosted a one-hour electric performance from musical acts, with appearances by such groups as Derek Trucks Band, STS9, Galactic, Keller Williams and Umphrey's McGee (for whom Waful would eventually become lighting director). Jam Nation'' was soon syndicated on the fledgling XM Satellite network where it aired until 2009, ending its run following XM's merger with SIRIUS. He continues to make guest DJ appearances on SiriusXM. Notes

Living people
American music critics
American music journalists
Harvard University alumni
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American documentary filmmakers
People from East Greenwich, Rhode Island
Film directors from Rhode Island
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
Dean Budnick
Budnick
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Jon-<mask> (April 26, 1939 – June 22, 2008) was an American paranormal investigator, photographer, and cryptozoologist interested in such phenomena as UFOs, crop circles, the Loch Ness Monster, and Bigfoot. Throughout his career, he owned three separate, small-scale museums that featured displays, mostly photographs, of alleged UFO, Nessie, and Bigfoot sightings. He made guest appearances on national radio and television shows, but was criticized by fellow cryptozoologists and skeptics alike for not providing substantive evidence to back up his claims of the existence of paranormal beings. Personal life
Born <mask> in Duluth, Minnesota, he was the son of Col. <mask>, a World War II army physician, and Margaret (née McGilvry) <mask>. He had three siblings: Ross, Peter, and Pam. His family came from Oslo, Norway. Education
<mask> attended the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado for two years.He studied sociology at Tulane University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1961. He studied law for one year at Boalt Hall at University of California, Berkeley. He later graduated with an MBA from U.C. Berkeley in 1966. Career
After graduation, <mask> became a city planner in the Bay area, but wearied of a traditional job and decided to hunt for Bigfoot instead. "I don't do what most MBAs do," he said, "Most people in my class are bored to death or dead. The object in life is not simply to make money."Rather, he believed his most important task was to "find out why we're here (on Earth)"

Throughout <mask>'s career as a photographer, paranormal investigator, and crypto-researcher, he collected photographs, castings, and other memorabilia that, to him, represented evidence of the existence of UFOs and alien life, the Loch Ness Monster, as well as Bigfoot. He appeared on several nationwide radio and television shows, including Coast to Coast AM, The Tonight Show, and Late Night with David Letterman. In reference to his explorations, <mask> compared himself to Galileo, Louis Pasteur, and the Wright brothers. In 1983, <mask>, then director of the Crypto Zoological Society, spent a week in Scotland videotaping what he believed were three monsters in Loch Ness. In February, 1989, <mask> opened the Crypto-Zoology Museum, housed in the corner of Trancas Restaurant in Malibu, CA. The museum had its start on October 31, 1986, when he opened his home to visitors to see his collection. The display primarily consisted of photographs from <mask>'s research into the phenomena of the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot, and the Mokele M'Bembe of Africa.According to <mask>, the museum focused on "creatures of fact or fancy" that "to the best of our knowledge appear to be verified, or haven't at least been debunked." When Trancas Restaurant went out of business, <mask> put the museum's contents in storage. Most of it was lost to fire in 1993. On October 31, 1996, Halloween, <mask> opened the  in San Francisco, California, which featured crop circles. He charged a nominal entrance fee ($3 for adults; $2 for children), but the museum's closing, reportedly, was "due to lack of any substantial evidence." After this museum closed, <mask> repaired electrical appliances for a company called Captain Neon. In 1997, <mask> opened a third museum in North Beach, CA, which he called the Bigfoot and Loch Ness Monster Museum.It was billed as the city's "strangest museum" and consisted of photographs, drawings, and articles devoted to such topics as the Roswell Declaration, Bigfoot, and a sea serpent named "Sassie" which, allegedly, lived in the San Francisco Bay. Cryptozoology

<mask> defined cryptozoology as "the search for mysterious creatures." His searches included hidden "animals"—those that could, theoretically, exist in nature—and hidden "critters" or those that looked like animals, but resisted capture: the Loch Ness Monster, Sasquatch, and Quixacotal Big Bird. Bigfoot or Sasquatch
<mask> became intrigued with the idea of Bigfoot after seeing an article in the newspaper about alleged sightings of the creature. On an expedition to see whether or not the story was true, he claimed he saw a Bigfoot cross the road in front of him from about 200 feet away. Though he later returned with his camera and was unable to find the creature, <mask> was then convinced of its existence. He also purportedly saw Bigfoot standing 6 feet tall and walking in a "loose, limbo-dance style", and, at another time, eating apricots in an orchard around Vacaville, CA.He frequented a camp with other researchers, an alleged "window site" in the Bear River Reservoir area of Eldorado National Forest where he asserted that "evidence of Bigfoot is almost routinely seen." While he insisted that the exact location not be revealed to the public, <mask> did agree to take skeptic Robert Sheaffer on a five-day expedition there in 1999. It was only after Sheaffer left the site, having seen nothing unusual, that <mask> reported manifestations of Bigfoot. <mask> said he heard Bigfoot's voice telling him "We're not what you think we are, we're here, but we're not real, like what you think is real." Along with the photographs of leaves and shadows <mask> believed showed images of Bigfoot, he also reported having seen Bigfoot footprints that turned into deer tracks, confirming for him that the creature had the ability to shift its shape. He theorized that Bigfoot creatures share a "space-time origin and connection with UFOs and come from an alternative universe by a wormhole." <mask> explained away the need for physical evidence, such as hair, blood and bones, to prove the existence of Bigfoot by arguing that the creature is an "inter-dimensional shape-shifter that can warp in and out of physical reality."He theorized that they may be "the product of tulpas or thought forms created by people or other entities." In an editorial for the journal Current Anthropology, <mask> argued that the study of the "wild man", Sasquatch, was "the proper study of either parapsychologists or Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence scientists, not anthropologists." Loch Ness Monster
To Beckjord, the Loch Ness monster (Nessie) was a space alien pet left on Earth in a form of energy that could interact with human beings. He described Nessie as a cat-like faced creature, 15–30 feet long, 7–10 feet thick with a body that "looks like a cross between Halley's Comet and the Concorde jet." He claimed to have videotaped three, which he named Faith, Hope and Charity, on a visit to Drumnadrochit, Scotland in 1983. <mask> admitted that the images might not be "exactly and positively" Nessie, but asserted that "90 percent of the people who have viewed the films believe the images are alive." Loveland Frog
Beckjord speculated that the Loveland Frog might be the extinct 10-ft.-long bipedal dinosaur, Coelophysis.Ri
In response to a Roy Wagner article, published in the ISC annual journal Cryptozoology (and later reprinted in Fate Magazine, August 1983), <mask> traveled to Papua New Guinea to search for ri, or mermaids. Wagner's article described eyewitness accounts and sometimes daily sightings of "an air-breathing mammal, with the trunk, genitalia, and arms and head of a human being, and a legless lower trunk terminating in a pair of lateral fins or flippers." After his own investigation and determining that the locals were killing, butchering and eating dugongs—and not mermaids--, <mask> concluded that no unknown animal was being seen in that area. UFOlogy
<mask> believed in space alien visitations to Earth, crop circles and creative forces that sculpted rock, lava and sand on Mars to resemble people on Earth like Ted Kennedy, Tammy Faye Bakker and others. He tried to sell his Kennedy-on-Mars photos, which <mask> discovered while analyzing NASA satellite photos of the planet, to raise money to investigate crop circles in England. <mask> took images of what he described as three "blobs-of-light" UFOs and witnessed two instances of unexplained light over Malibu and Sepulveda Pass, respectively. <mask> believed in a government cover up of the existence of UFOs and extraterrestrial intelligence and advocated making that information available to the general public."A lot of this weirdness is right under our noses. We may belong to aliens. We may be experimental animals. But I can't prove it." Criticism
<mask>'s firm belief that Bigfoot and similar entities were inter-dimensional shape-shifters who could "manipulate the light spectrum so that people can't see them" brought him into conflict not only with skeptics, but other Bigfoot researchers as well, who argued for proof of physical remains. He had what is described as "well-publicized arguments" with writers of the Skeptical Inquirer and certain members of the International Society of Cryptozoology and was considered "a person non grata among more conventional Bigfoot researchers." He would, literally, fight for his beliefs with his fists and was banned from contributing to online forums because of postings that were allegedly abusive.Robert Sheaffer, a founding member of the Committee for Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal, asserted that <mask> "doesn't have one bit of proof. To allay <mask>'s proclamations that "all skeptics were too timid and closed-minded to actually go out into the woods and confront the Bigfoot evidence for themselves," Sheaffer accompanied <mask> on a 5-day Bigfoot expedition in 1999. He was disappointed at <mask>'s continued lack of evidence and attributed <mask>'s interpretations of rock formations, leaves and shadows as Bigfoot faces or skulls to "the workings of an overzealous imagination." CNN correspondent Rusty Dornin wrote in 1997 "Faces on Mars, the Loch Ness monster, or an alien with a name tag (Andy)--if it's far-fetched and unproved, Beckjord buys it. And it's all on display at his storefront 'museum'." <mask> maintained that "With the card-carrying skeptics, we will never win. There are more people who have seen UFOs than voted for President Clinton."All the references cited for his academic credentials are newspaper interviews relying on <mask> as source. It is highly doubtful any of these degrees are real. <mask> was a gifted liar according to numerous people he talked into giving him money for his endeavors. One Los Angeles woman gave him close to $40,000 in the early eighties to make a movie about the Loch Ness monster which he vacationed in Scotland with no resultant movie. She sued him and an article appeared about it in the Los Angeles Times around 1982–3 in which he shrugged off the suit with "I have no assets". Death
After battling prostate cancer, <mask> died at the age of 69 on June 22, 2008, near his home in Lafayette, California, where he was a caretaker for the Crosses of Lafayette, a monument to casualties of the Iraq War before his death. Memberships
Crypto Zoological Society
Mensa
National Cryptozoological Society
Project Bigfoot

Awards
Esquire Magazine's 1991 'Dubious Achievement Award' for "the discovery of a volcanic formation on Mars that resembles Senator Edward Kennedy."References

1939 births
2008 deaths
American Internet celebrities
American people of Norwegian descent
Bigfoot
Deaths from cancer in California
Cryptozoologists
Deaths from prostate cancer
Forteana
United States Air Force Academy alumni
Haas School of Business alumni
People from Duluth, Minnesota
Tulane University alumni
Place of birth missing
UC Berkeley School of Law alumni

masks:
Erik Beckjord
Cedric Jon Beckjord
Philip Beckjord
Beckjord
Beckjord
Beckjord
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<mask> (19 July 1847 – 16 April 1916), also known as <mask>, was a British barrister, author, company promoter and social figure. He is best known for being the defence lawyer for Ahmed 'Urabi after the failure of the Urabi Revolt. Early life

<mask> was the son of the Rev. <mask>, vicar of Bradpole, in Dorset, England, and Frances Jane, daughter of <mask> of Pembroke. He entered Lincoln's Inn as a law student in 1866 and after taking the examination to enter the Indian Civil Service, went in 1869 to India, where he became Assistant Magistrate and Collector of Patna, Bengal. In 1872 he conducted a survey of the ruins of the Nálanda monasteries at Burgàon, and formed a magnificent collection of sculptures from the region, going on to establish a museum for the collection. The colonial administrator and explorer Sir Harry H. Johnston noted that Broadley was "very orthodox on account of his father" and "was led into rude interruptions of any speech which traversed the belief that the Earth was only six or seven thousand years old".In 1871 <mask> delivered a public lecture English Legislation for India. He also put forward the view that imprisonment for civil debts should be abolished. In 1872 he spoke at a large meeting on education in Bengal, where he condemned the educational policy of the Indian Government. He was not punished, but later that year he spoke at a public meeting of the Dacca People's Association. His remarks on educational policy and on the Criminal Procedure Code, which were reported in newspapers and created angry discussions, were objected to by the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, Sir George Campbell and officially denied. <mask> applied for leave, which Campbell rejected, demanding an explanation. In May 1872 it was reported that charges of a serious nature had been brought against <mask>: he was suspended and sent to Patna pending an investigation.The following month he was reported to have been posted to Noynabad, and ordered to remain there, having been invested with the power to try cases arising from riots of the Muslim Ferazi sect. In November the Calcutta Gazette reported him as being officially on leave and transferred to Chittagong by Campbell's order. When a warrant for his arrest for homosexual offences was issued, <mask> absconded. One report stated that "his reputation was known to every Englishman who ever lived in India", and his presence was taboo in European clubs in Malta and Egypt. Due to the scandal he was unable to return immediately to England. He moved to Tunis, where he worked as a lawyer and as a correspondent for The Times. One of his clients was the Bey of Tunis.He also became influential in freemasonry, founding the prestigious Drury Lane Masonic Lodge, which is likely to have aided his social rise. In 1882 he published The last Punic war. Tunis, past and present, which drew admiring reviews, Vanity Fair writing: "If Mr. <mask>'s book on Tunis were only read by all citizens who influence the policy of Ministers, I question very much whether anything like our Egyptian crime could be repeated. The dullest would see how far we have been led". Given <mask>'s knowledge of Muslim law, and the fact he was "abnormally clever", that same year Wilfrid Blunt engaged him as counsel for Ahmed ʻUrabi, otherwise known as Aribi Pasha, an Egyptian nationalist who was put on trial in Cairo for insurrection. <mask> forced the compromise which enabled Pasha and his companions to be sent as pensioners to Colombo. <mask> was paid 10,000 guineas, and was henceforth nicknamed '<mask> Pasha' by his friends, the press, and English Society.Return to England

Following the trial <mask> returned to England as the agent and legal adviser of the ex-Khedive Ismail. His social skills also saw him appointed de facto editor of Edmund Yates' periodical World, and despite his previous disgrace, for a few years he achieved an exceptionally high profile in London Society. "He knew everyone in London and all paid court to him." Of his 40th birthday party in 1887 one newspaper recorded: "Princes and princesses, peers and peeresses, bishops and baronets, diplomatists and doctors, members of Parliament and musicians, authors and artists, actors and actresses availed themselves of the opportunity of offering birthday congratulations". An Indian official suggested that <mask> had not been compelled to return to India to answer the charges against him, as such a threat hanging over the head of the editor of an important society newspaper guaranteed that he would not publish anything of embarrassment to those in high places. Of "Falstaffian proportions", <mask> was described as "that strange being…who, amongst other avocations, acts as a sort of social broker 'for bringing together people who would not otherwise meet' ". According to one report "he had the faculty of attaching himself to and 'running' whomsoever was the most amusing and useful person of the hour".They included the 'nitrate king' John Thomas North and would-be national leader General Georges Boulanger. It was at <mask>'s Regents Park home, Cairo Cottage at 2 Beta Place, that Boulanger made his London debut. <mask> also became connected with the management of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, acting as a financial and business adviser to Augustus Harris. <mask>'s social ascendency continued until 1889 when his portrait by Spy appeared in the magazine Vanity Fair. Edward VII, then Prince of Wales, whose sons' portraits had also appeared in the magazine, and who had knowledge of <mask>'s reputation in India, took offence at his inclusion. After making enquiries at Scotland Yard, the magazine's owner Edmund Yates dismissed <mask>, and published an apology. <mask> was told to leave the country within 12 hours.The reason was not just the earlier scandal in India: <mask> was implicated as a client of the male brothel at the centre of the Cleveland Street Scandal. With the Prince of Wales' equerry involved, and rumours also connecting his eldest son, the Prince was reported to be "in a very stern and unbending mood." Said one newspaper report: "Everybody knows it was H.R.H. caused <mask> Pasha's extinction." Le Figaro later alleged that <mask> had taken Boulanger and his propagandist Henri Rochefort to the brothel; the allegation was dismissed by Boulanger's right-hand man Count Dillon. On the witness stand the rentboy John Saul stated that he had briefly secured employment in the 1889 production The Royal Oak at Drury Lane, which was during <mask>'s time there. Exile

<mask> moved to Paris and then Brussels, where he edited the English language newspaper The Belgian News.In August 1890 it was reported of Broadley that "he has been guilty here of all the practices charged to him and others in Cleveland Street. His last line of operations was to invite young boys and scholars attending school to his rooms to supper." One of the boys informed his mother of the lavishness of these meals provided by a "benevolent old gentleman", which included "stupefying cordials". <mask> was placed under police surveillance. In 1891 he was reported to be 'loafing' in Tunis with fellow Cleveland Street exile Lord Arthur Somerset. <mask>'s ability to reinvent himself provoked a mockingly Wildean paragraph in a British syndicated newspaper column in 1892, which stated that in Brussels he had  "renewed his youth" and was:

...in the widest sense "a new man". He in fact insists that he is a disconnected and different Mr Broadley altogether from the gentleman whose adventures while in the service of the Indian Prison department finally excited so much curiosity in London; denies that there was ever such a person as himself, that his portrait ever appeared in Vanity Fair, or that an exalted personage ever intervened fiercely in his affairs.The English colony in Brussels is now divided into two contending camps. One section insists that Mr <mask> is the Mr <mask>, and therefore impossible and insufferable. The other protests that their Mr <mask>, who it appears enjoys the friendship and esteem of the King of the Belgians, is fitted to grace any society in which he may find himself." It was subsequently reported that to confirm his identity, the English Club of Brussels went to the trouble of procuring the back number of Vanity Fair which had featured the infamous portrait. Final return to England

In 1894, <mask> quietly returned to England to manage the estates and general affairs of Viscount Cantelupe, who succeeded in 1896 as 8th Earl de la Warr. In April 1896 <mask> met the serial financial fraudster Ernest Terah Hooley, and subsequently worked to promote his investment schemes. Newspaper reports alleged <mask> was "a brilliant financier" and Hooley was merely his ventriloquist's dummy.Later in court <mask> freely admitted that he advised Hooley on nearly all his projects. Hooley purchased Anmer Hall estate, adjoining Sandringham in 1896. Through an intermediary the Prince of Wales requested that he be allowed to purchase the estate from Hooley, ostensibly for his daughter Maud, to which Hooley agreed. It has been alleged that the real reason for the Prince's action was to avoid the possibility of <mask> becoming a constant visitor to the estate, and hence near-neighbour. In 1898, Hooley was made bankrupt. In the Bankruptcy Court, <mask> appeared with Earl de la Warr and two other gentlemen. They were charged with contempt of court in attempting to bribe Hooley to alter his testimony to protect the Earl.<mask> was found guilty of insubordination and perjury and ordered to pay costs. Public opinion considered the treatment of <mask> by the judge very lenient. "<mask> made a beautiful witness", one report suggested, "brimming over with benevolence and pathos. He threatened to commit suicide, too, unless Hooley did something or other, and Hooley seems to have believed him..." Hooley stated on the witness stand that <mask> had intercepted money intended for others, and that he had made a further £80,000 acting as Hooley's promoter, accusations <mask> denied. With <mask> again the subject of publicity, in the House of Commons the Home Secretary was asked by a parliamentarian whether <mask> was the same person against whom there was an outstanding warrant for a criminal offence in India, did such warrants apply in England, and if so, why had it not been actioned. The reply was that they did apply, but that he had no other information on the matter. <mask> was denounced by Robert Wright, Justice of the Court of the Queen's Bench, as the real author and organiser of Hooley's deceitful schemes, but escaped bankruptcy and fashioned himself as a country gentleman.He retreated to his home village of Bradpole, Dorset, building a picturesque towered mansion, The Knapp. Last years

The last fifteen years of <mask>'s life were devoted to writing and book collecting, Napoleon and his age being at the heart of it, but also a large collection of works on criminal jurisprudence. He made significant acquisitions of manuscript material, accumulating original letters and documents, as his book Chats on Autographs related. His library included 135 works he had "grangerized" by adding additional illustrations, amounting to about 600 volumes. He also became a prolific author of books on historical topics. In 1906 he even penned a work on the boyhood of his nemesis Edward VII titled The Boyhood of a Great King. It drew at least one scathing review under the headline 'Scissors and Snobbery' which stated: "this stitching together of stale tattle from the Royal nursery may be 'good business': it is not an undertaking which enlists our sympathy.Mr <mask>'s record as an ex-Indian Civilian, ex-barrister, ex-journalist, and ex-company promoter is well known. This volume does not alter our estimate of the writer or the man." <mask> also became a great supporter of the Bath Historical Pageant, including appearing one year as Beau Nash, when he was recorded as holding 'kingly sway' and was "pre-eminently the great success of the ball". In 1911 Broadley made a pilgrimage with friends over the route followed by Charles II during his wanderings in late 1651, and wrote a history The Royal Miracle, an interest sparked by the play The Royal Oak. Never married, <mask> died, in the middle of the First World War, on 16 April 1916 in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. By the time of his death, <mask>'s crimes had been largely forgotten, and his obituary in The Times and those elsewhere made no mention of them. This prompted novelist and U.S. newspaper columnist Marguerite Cunliffe-Owen to restate them with the observation: "Of course all this is old and forgotten, and if I recall it, it is merely in order to show how very unreliable obituaries are apt to be, and the facility with which even such men as <mask>, if possessed of sufficient cleverness, and of impudence, are able to blind their citizens to their past infamies and to die in the odor of respectability, if not of sanctity"

Legacy
In his will, <mask> left the sum of £8,506, the majority bequeathed to his nephew Lieutenant R.A.L.<mask>, who put his collection up for sale; the Napoleana was purchased en bloc by Lord Curzon, who bequeathed it to Oxford University. It now resides in the Bodleian with 332 of his grangerized books. Other repositories of his grangerized volumes include the Theatre Collection at Westminster City Archives, which holds four scrapbooks Annals of the Haymarket (1911), and the Royal Society, which owns a multivolume copy of Charles Richard Weld's History of the Royal Society. The contents of <mask>'s museum in Bihár have been relocated to the collections of the Indian Museum in Kolkata. His country seat in Bradpole has been subdivided: The Knapp is now St James' Nursing Home, and its former gatehouse is a separate residence. A phonograph recording of <mask> delivering a toast in 1888 to Edmund Yates and Arthur Sullivan survives. Works
 English Legislation For India, 1871

References

Bibliography

External links

1847 births
1916 deaths
English barristers
19th-century English lawyers

masks:
Alexander Meyrick Broadley
Broadley Pasha
Broadley
Alexander Broadley
Thomas Meyrick
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
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Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
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Broadley
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Broadley
Broadley
Broadley
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Broadley
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<mask> (December 4, 1947 – November 13, 1985) was an American illustrator and graphic designer. His career was  brief but prolific, including movie posters, album covers, and magazine covers. His portrait of comedian Lily Tomlin for the cover of Time is now part of the permanent collection at the Smithsonian Institution. He was associated with TV Guide for thirteen years. Early life

<mask> was born in Philadelphia. Shortly after graduating from Philadelphia College of Art, his proposed poster art for the Barbra Streisand musical Hello, Dolly! was selected by 20th Century Fox for the film’s campaign after a nationwide artists’ talent search; the artist was 22 at the time.Career
As <mask> came to the attention of New York's art enthusiasts, his illustrations caught the attention of Barry Manilow, "then a young singer/songwriter named who was working with Bette Midler, a newly emerging entertainer in cabaret clubs and piano bars. Manilow introduced the two, and it was quickly decided that <mask> should do the cover of her first Atlantic Records album. The cover, for The Divine Miss M proved to be one of the most ubiquitous of the year." More album covers and posters soon followed, as did a series of magazine ads for designer Oleg Cassini. His movie posters commissions included some of the most important and popular films of the 1970s, including The Champ, Chinatown, Julia, The Last Picture Show, The Last Tycoon, The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, The Muppet Movie, Murder on the Orient Express, Nashville, Papillon, The Shootist, The Sting, (The latter's poster design paid homage to the painting style of J. C. Leyendecker, evoking both his "Arrow Collar Man" and his covers for The Saturday Evening Post) and Woodstock. Although his career was short-lived, his body of work was sizeable, outpacing much of what had been produced by others during his era. His portrait of comedian Lily Tomlin was featured on the cover of Time, and is now housed in the permanent collection at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.In keeping with the magazine's stringent deadlines, <mask>'s illustration was created in only two or three days. TV Guide
Commissioned by TV Guide in 1972 to design a cover featuring the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, in conjunction with a telefilm about their love affair, <mask> then went on to enjoy a 13-year association with the publication, during which time he produced more than 40 covers. <mask>'s magazine work included portraits of: Ingrid Bergman, Johnny Carson, Katharine Hepburn, Mary Tyler Moore, Elvis Presley, Nancy Reagan, Tom Selleck, Frank Sinatra, John Travolta, and Princess Grace, as well as of Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh, portraits which were created for the television debut of Gone with the Wind. He also created illustrations for the wedding of Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales, and of <mask> for the miniseries Shogun. Among the most famous of <mask>'s illustrations was his portrait of Lucille Ball, which was created for the magazine's July 6, 1974 issue in recognition of Ball's retirement from series television. "I did not want the portrait to be of Lucy Ricardo," <mask> explained, "but I didn't want a modern-day Lucy Carter either. I wanted it to have the same timeless sense of glamour that Lucy herself has.She is, after all, a former Goldwyn Girl. I hoped to capture the essence of all this." Ball then featured <mask>'s work in the opening credits of a two-hour television tribute, CBS Salutes Lucy: The First 25 Years. Later career
As film studios changed their marketing style in the 1980s, employing photographs in favor of illustrations, <mask> and other artists were frequently limited to creating work for science fiction, fantasy, and adventure films. In response, <mask> created the posters for Flash Gordon, The Dark Crystal, and Raiders of the Lost Ark which ultimately became his most famous work. <mask> completed two posters, one for Raiders''' 1981 release and another, a year later, for its re-release. It has been reported that George Lucas and Steven Spielberg own the originals.Regarding commercial art, <mask> stated, "Commercial art can be and sometimes is art, but if someone hangs a poster, it is still a poster pretending to be something it's not. My work is basically for the printed page, and not for hanging in living rooms... If, however, I paint or draw something that takes people into the realm of fantasy, then I feel that I've accomplished something." Recognition
During his career, <mask> received multiple awards, including the New York and Los Angeles Society of Illustrators award, a Golden Key Award from The Hollywood Reporter, and a Grammy Award, as well as citations from the Philadelphia Art Director's Club. <mask>'s covers were also shown at the Museum of Television and Radio in Beverly Hills, commemorating TV Guide's fortieth anniversary. Posthumously awarded the University of the Art's Silver Star award for Outstanding Alumni in 2009, <mask>'s award was accepted on his behalf at The University of the Arts Commencement Ceremony by his brother, <mask>. In November 2021, <mask> was inducted into the Album Cover Hall of Fame, for this contributions to Bette Midler – Divine Miss M and Songs For The New Depression, and soundtracks to the films Hello Dolly and The Sting.A feature film documentary about <mask>'s life, titled "Amsel: Illustrator of the Lost Art," was announced in January 2016. Filmmaker Adam McDaniel traveled extensively throughout the United States, conducting interviews with over 50 of <mask>'s friends, colleagues, classmates, teachers, and art collectors, as well as new generations of artists whom <mask> inspired. The film is now in post production. In tandem with the documentary, McDaniel is developing a retrospective art book, with both projects through an exclusive agreement with the <mask> estate. Death

His last film poster was for Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, the third of George Miller's apocalyptic action movies with Mel Gibson. His final completed artwork was for an issue of TV Guide, featuring news anchors Tom Brokaw, Peter Jennings and Dan Rather. <mask> died less than three weeks later, succumbing to complications from AIDS on November 13, 1985.When he fell ill, he was to have done the poster for the Romancing the Stone sequel, The Jewel of the Nile''. AIDS Memorial Quilt

Adam McDaniel created a panel in <mask>'s memory for inclusion within The AIDS Memorial Quilt. It was unveiled for the first time on World AIDS Day, Dec. 1, 2018, next to The Wall Las Memorias AIDS Monument within Los Angeles' Lincoln Park. Later that month, it was also displayed at an Amsel tribute art show McDaniel curated at Warner Bros. Studios, in Burbank, California. On December 2, 2019, McDaniel handed the panel over to the SUNY Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, NY. This coincided with World AIDS Day earlier that week (December 1st), and what would have been <mask>'s 72nd birthday (December 4th). See also

List of TV Guide covers

Similar artists

 Saul Bass
 Jack Davis
 Frank Frazetta
 The Brothers Hildebrandt
 Tom Jung
 Sanford Kossin
 Frank McCarthy
 Bob Peak
 Drew Struzan
 Howard Terpning

References

External links
The <mask>sel Appreciation Site
Official website of the documentary feature "Amsel: Illustrator of the Lost Art"
 Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Margaret Herrick Library Catalog <mask>
McDaniel, Adam: The Art & Artistry of <mask>, biography and tribute
Lucyfan.com, Portraits in Stardust: The art of <mask>, Star Notes magazine, Spring 1993
CineMaterial.com – Select listing of <mask>'s art
American Art Archives – Select listing of <mask>'s art
Internet Movie Poster Awards – Select listing of <mask>'s art
Barbra Streisand art by <mask>sel
"Lucy" art by <mask>

1947 births
1985 deaths
American magazine illustrators
American graphic designers
Film poster artists
Artists from Philadelphia
University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni
AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)

masks:
Richard Amsel
Richard Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Richard Chamberlain
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Michael Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Richard Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Amsel
Richard Am
Richard Amsel
Richard Amsel
Richard Amsel
Richard Amsel
Richard Amsel
Richard Amsel
Richard Am
Richard Amsel


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Brigadier <mask>,  (24 November 1919 – 7 May 2004) was a senior officer in the Australian Army, seeing service during the Second World War and the Vietnam War. After graduating from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, in 1939 he served in the Middle East and New Guinea during the Second World War. Later, he commanded the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV) and the Australian Army Force Vietnam (AAFV) in 1965–66. In 1966, he became the first commander of 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) in South Vietnam. He subsequently filled a number of senior command and staff positions before retiring in 1974. He died in 2004. Early life
<mask> was born in London, England, on 24 November 1919.The youngest son of <mask>, a professional soldier, and his wife Edith Marguerite (née Vautin); his siblings included an older brother born in 1915 in Surrey, England, and a sister. Named after his uncle, <mask>, who had been killed at Gallipoli in 1915 while attempting to rescue a wounded soldier, <mask> was known throughout his life as either "O.D." or <mask>. His father had been commissioned in the Permanent Military Forces (PMF) in 1911, serving in Western Australia. With the outbreak of the First World War <mask>'s father had joined the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in November 1914, embarking as adjutant of the 10th Light Horse Regiment. On 29 May 1915 he was wounded at Gallipoli and after recovering in England held a number of staff appointments with the 3rd Division on the Western Front in 1917–18. Following <mask>'s birth the family returned to Australia in 1920 so that his father could resume his military career.He subsequently attended a number of schools, completing his secondary education at Scotch College, Melbourne in 1936, where he was a member of the athletics and rugby teams. Military career

Early career and Second World War
<mask> subsequently joined the Australian Army in March 1937 as a regular officer in the PMF. His older brother, Donald, was also a professional soldier, having entered the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1934 and later also reached the rank of brigadier. After completing his own training at Duntroon, <mask> graduated into the infantry as a lieutenant in December 1939, following the outbreak of the Second World War two months earlier. Transferring to the 2nd AIF for overseas service, in July 1940 he took up his first appointment commanding a platoon in the 2/25th Battalion where he saw action in the Middle East in North Africa and Syria. Meanwhile, <mask>'s father had been appointed to command Northern Command in May 1940 and was promoted to major general in July. However, the following year he was posted to Western Command and believed that he had been passed over for a combat command after opposing the Brisbane Line strategy, subsequently retiring in early 1942.By late 1942 <mask>'s battalion returned from the Middle East, and he later served in New Guinea fighting the Japanese at Gona, as well as in the Ramu Valley, the Finisterre Ranges and the New Guinea north coast. He was subsequently posted to Headquarters 18th Brigade as a major during the period 1943–44. In June 1944, he took up a position as an instructor at the Canadian Staff College in Kingston, where he remained until the end of the war. Interbellum
Returning to Australia, <mask> filled a number of staff positions, including postings to the Royal Military College, Army Headquarters and Headquarters Western Command. His father died of pneumonia at Heidelberg, Victoria, on 24 November 1948. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1949 and to colonel in 1951. On 21 June 1956, <mask> assumed command of the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) in South Korea deployed as part of the UN garrison which had remained there following the end of the Korean War and oversaw the battalion's final operational activities before its return to Australia.He subsequently took up a two-year appointment in the United States as Australian Military Attache in Washington. In 1959 he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in recognition of his service to the Australian Staff Corps. Vietnam War
In 1961, he took up the position of Director of Infantry at Army Headquarters. He subsequently commanded the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR) in 1963, before serving as the commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR) in 1963–64. Ultimately, <mask> was the only officer to command all three of the original battalions of the Royal Australian Regiment. <mask> took over command of the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV) on 5 February 1965. Following the arrival of Australian ground forces in South Vietnam in May 1965, he was promoted to brigadier and assumed command of the new headquarters in Saigon, known as the Australian Army Force Vietnam (AAFV).In March 1966, the Australian government further increased its commitment to the Vietnam War, announcing the deployment of a two-battalion brigade with armour, aviation, engineer and artillery support, designated the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF). <mask> was subsequently appointed as its first commander. Based in Phuoc Tuy Province, South Vietnam, 1 ATF was involved in counter-insurgency operations against the Viet Cong. During his period in command the task force was successfully established at Nui Dat, clearing a security zone around the base and conducting offensive operations to the edge of the Tactical Area of Responsibility, while a number of significant actions were fought, including the Battle of Long Tan, which established 1 ATF's dominance over the province. <mask> was later awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his command of 1 ATF during this period. In June 1967, <mask> returned to Australia having served nearly two years in Vietnam, and subsequently served on the staff of Australian Headquarters. His final posting was as the Chief of Staff at Headquarters 1st Division, before retiring with the rank of brigadier in May 1974.Later life
Settling in Sydney in his later life <mask> enjoyed sailing and gardening. Married to Dorothy Honor, the couple had a son and two daughters. <mask> died in Burradoo, New South Wales, on 7 May 2004, aged eighty-four. Notes

References

1919 births
2004 deaths
Australian brigadiers
Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian military personnel of the Vietnam War
Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
British emigrants to Australia
Royal Military College, Duntroon graduates

masks:
Oliver David Jackson
Jackson
Robert Jackson
David
Jackson
David
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson


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<mask> (born October 10, 1982), more commonly known as simply <mask>, is a Filipino singer, occasional actor, TV host, commercial model, and the first Grand Champion of the ABS-CBN singing competition Star in a Million Season 1 in 2003. <mask> was ABS-CBN's Star in a Million Grand Champion last January 2004. A young balladeer known for his soulful voice, <mask> made his way to stardom through the music scene owing the title Prince of Pop. His much-awaited debut album aptly titled "This Is The Moment" shows that <mask>'s moment has indeed come. His passion for music started during his childhood years. He participated in various singing competitions. His Platinum debut album and succeeding albums, sold-out concerts and a demand for corporate shows, accolades from Awit Awards, Star Awards and Aliw Awards, endorsements for a bank (Bank of the Philippine Island's Express Remit), theme songs for radio stations, and even movies earned him an unusual popularity.His first single, Pagbigyang Muli, remained number one of WRR's hit chart for more than 20 weeks together with his other songs filling up the chart simultaneously. Amidst all these, <mask> still remains charming and this "realness" becomes one of the biggest factors why <mask> has won audiences nationwide. Early life
<mask> was born on October 10, 1982 in Malabon, Metro Manila, Philippines. When he was four, his passion for singing started. He participated in numerous small-town singing competitions. He graduated in high school at Immaculate Conception Parochial School – Malabon
He studied at the Centro Escolar University and took up dentistry, but later shifted to Psychology. As soon as he won the singing competition Star in a Million in 2003, he temporarily stopped studying, because of his busy schedule.Eventually, he came back to school and finished college. He graduated in March 2010. Star in a Million
In 2003, <mask> joined Star in a Million singing contest, and became part of the wildcard entry to the Final 10 of the show. He had a good start in the competition, but got eliminated during the third week of the show, when it was still a part of the Sunday noontime variety show ASAP. Nevertheless, his second chance came, and his rendition of R. Kelly's "I Believe I Can Fly", won him the tenth and final slot for the semi-finals round. Eventually he became one of the three grand finalists along with Sheryn Regis (first runner up) and Marinel <mask> (2nd runner up) in the showdown for the title of Star in a Million. "This is the Moment", a song from the musical Jekyll & Hyde, popularized by Martin Nievera, won him the title.Career
In 2004, <mask> released his debut album This is the Moment, and it went platinum after three months of its release. After his debut, he released an extended play, quickly followed by his second album, Loving You Now. The album was released with the hit single "Bakit Ba Iniibig Ka", composed by Ogie Alcasid, and sung as a duet with Asia's Songbird Regine Velasquez. In December 2005, he held his first major solo concert at the Marikina Riverbanks. On October 19, 2007, he staged another major concert at the Araneta Coliseum, entitled <mask> ... Solo at the Coliseum, with Sam Milby, The Company, Nyoy Volante, Danita Paner, and Ai-Ai de las Alas as guests. On September 22, 2018, he held his 15th anniversary concert titled Er1k 5antos: My Greatest Moments at the Mall of Asia Arena. Discography

Studio albums
2004 Star in a Million (Double Platinum)
2004 Star in a Million (Repackaged)
2004 This Is The Moment – first major solo album (Triple Platinum)
2005 I'll Never Go (CD-lite) (Platinum)
2005 Loving You Now (Platinum)
2006 Your Love (Gold)
2007 Your Love (Limited Platinum Edition) (Platinum)
2007 All I Want This Christmas (Gold)
2008 Face-Off (compilation of hits, with Christian Bautista)
2009 The Jim Brickman Songbook (Platinum)
2010 All I Want This Christmas (Repackaged)
2011 Awit Para Sa'Yo (Gold)
2013 The <mask> Collection (Gold)

Compilation albums
Love Life (Boy Abunda)
May Bukas Pa Tambayan Album
I-Star 15 OPM No.

masks:
Rhoderick Ramos Santos
Erik Santos
Erik Santos
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Santos
Santos
Santos
Santos
Erik Santos
Erik Santos


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<mask> (born August 11, 1974) is an American politician from California who is the 45th mayor of the City and County of San Francisco. She was supervisor for District 5 and was president of the Board of Supervisors from 2015 to 2018. Raised in the Western Addition neighborhood of San Francisco, Breed worked in government after college. She was elected to the Board of Supervisors in 2012 (taking office in January 2013), and elected its president in 2015. As president of the Board, Breed, according to the city charter, became the acting mayor of San Francisco following the death of Mayor Ed Lee. She served in this role from December 12, 2017, to January 23, 2018. Breed won the San Francisco mayoral special election held on June 5, 2018.Breed is the first black woman, second black person after Willie Brown, and second woman after Dianne Feinstein to be elected mayor of San Francisco. She was sworn in as mayor on July 11, 2018. Early life and education
Born in San Francisco, Breed was raised by her grandmother in Plaza East public housing in the Western Addition neighborhood of the city. Breed later wrote of her childhood in San Francisco: "... five of us living on $900 per month. 'Recycling' meant drinking out of old mayonnaise jars. Violence was never far away. And once a week, we took Grandma's pushcart to the community room to collect government-issued groceries."Her younger sister died of a drug overdose in 2006 and her brother is in prison serving a 44-year sentence for a 2000 manslaughter and armed robbery conviction, for which Breed has repeatedly asked for clemency from the governor's office; in August 2021, she was fined for abusing her office in doing so. Breed graduated with honors from Galileo High School. She earned a bachelor's degree in political science-public service from the University of California, Davis in 1997 and a master's degree in public administration from the University of San Francisco in 2012. Career
Breed worked as an intern in the Office of Housing and Neighborhood Services for Mayor Willie Brown. In 2002, she became the executive director of the African American Art & Culture Complex, where she raised over $2.5 million to renovate the complex's 34,000 square foot space, including an art gallery, theater space, and a recording studio. Breed was named to the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency Commission in 2004. In 2010, Mayor Gavin Newsom appointed her to the San Francisco Fire Commission.Board of Supervisors

In November 2012, Breed was elected to the District 5 supervisor seat, defeating incumbent Christina Olague, who had been appointed to the seat that year by Mayor Ed Lee after Supervisor Ross Mirkarimi was elected sheriff. Following five rounds of ranked-choice voting allocations, Breed won by over 12 points, marking the first time in San Francisco history that a challenger unseated a district supervisor. (The feat has occurred twice since, with Aaron Peskin unseating Supervisor Julie Christensen in 2015 to reclaim his District 3 seat, and Rafael Mandelman beating Supervisor Jeff Sheehy in District 8 in June 2018.) <mask> was inaugurated as District 5 supervisor on January 8, 2013, with then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris administering the oath of office. On January 8, 2015, Breed was elected President of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors first by a vote of 8 to 3 and then unanimously. She defeated supervisor David Campos, who was also nominated for the position. Breed succeeded District Four Supervisor Katy Tang, who assumed the presidency temporarily after then-Board President David Chiu resigned to begin serving in the California Assembly.As part of an FBI investigation into public corruption and bid-fixing primarily involving then-State Senator Leland Yee, businessman Derf Butler was recorded talking about allegedly paying for access to Breed. According to court documents released in 2015, Butler told an FBI source that he "pays Supervisor Breed with untraceable debit cards for clothing and trips in exchange for advantages on contracts in San Francisco." The allegation was denied by Breed, who as a member of the Board of Supervisors had no role in contract selections, and no evidence has ever been presented to substantiate it. In February 2016, Breed announced her reelection bid to represent District 5. The top issues she identified in her announcement were building and protecting affordable housing, increasing public safety, improving environmental health, and modernizing public transportation. Dean Preston, an attorney, ran against her. Breed won reelection 52% to 48% on November 8, 2016, beating Preston in 46 of the district's 68 precincts.Breed was unanimously reelected to another two-year term as Board President on January 9, 2017. No other supervisors were nominated for the position. Mayoralty
Following the death of Mayor Ed Lee on December 12, 2017, Breed became the city's Acting Mayor by virtue of her position as President of the Board of Supervisors. She served in this position until January 23, 2018, when the Board of Supervisors selected Mark Farrell to serve as the interim "caretaker" mayor until a special election on June 5. Supervisors Aaron Peskin, Jane Kim (herself a candidate for Mayor), and others considered the progressive members of the board, sought to deny Breed the benefits of incumbency going into the election and to maintain a separation of powers between the positions of mayor and board president, both of which Breed occupied at the time. Progressive Supervisor Hillary Ronen delivered a speech accusing Breed of being supported by "white, rich men" and "billionaires" such as Ron Conway. Breed ran in the mayoral special election held on June 5.She led in the initial count's first-place votes with 35.6 percent, with Mark Leno in second with 25.9 percent, and Kim with 22.8 percent. Leno took the lead early the next day after the initial tabulation of ranked-choice ballots, but Breed retook the lead on June 9. On June 13, with 9,000 ballots left to count, Leno conceded defeat and congratulated Breed on her victory. Breed resigned as president of the Board of Supervisors on June 26, 2018 and was succeeded by Malia Cohen in a unanimous vote by the Board. Breed retained her position as District 5 supervisor until assuming the mayoralty on July 11. Breed was elected to a full term in the 2019 mayoral election against five relatively unknown candidates. In March 2019, Breed awarded a posthumous certificate of honor to Sinn Féin politician and former IRA member Martin McGuinness for his "courageous service in the military."The nomination had been made by the United Irish Societies, who had appointed him honorary marshal in the St. Patrick's Day parade. She apologized two days later following controversy over McGuinness's involvement with the IRA. On March 7, 2019, Breed and several other Northern California mayors endorsed Kamala Harris for president in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries. Harris later dropped out of the race. On January 23, 2020, Breed endorsed Mike Bloomberg for president in the primaries. In December 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom announced that Alex Padilla would succeed Kamala Harris as U.S. senator after she was elected to serve as Vice President of the United States. Breed and former San Francisco mayor Willie Brown expressed disappointment that the replacement for the seat was not an African American woman as Harris was the only African American woman serving in the Senate at the time.Housing and homelessness
Breed made homelessness an early focus of her administration. In October, she announced plans to build 1,000 shelter beds by 2020. To help achieve this goal, she introduced legislation declaring a shelter crisis in San Francisco, which allows the city to waive certain permitting and contracting requirements for homeless services. She also has worked to expand mental health and substance abuse recovery beds. When the Controller found an extra $415 million in property taxes, Breed introduced legislation to fund housing and homelessness programs with the discretionary portion of the funding. She also authored legislation with Supervisor Rafael Mandelman to expand San Francisco's conservatorship laws, based on California Senate Bill 1045, authored by State Senator Scott Wiener. Breed created a task force of members of the San Francisco Department of Public Works to clean up feces from city sidewalks, known as a Poop Patrol.Relationship with Mohammad Nuru
Following the FBI's arrest of San Francisco Department of Public Works director Mohammad Nuru on corruption charges, Breed published an article on Medium on February 14, 2020, acknowledging a longtime friendship and a brief relationship with Nuru. The post also reported that Nuru gave Breed $5,600 for car repairs. Breed argued she did not have to disclose since her and Nuru's relationship preceded her mayoralty but was doing so in "the spirit of transparency." Supervisors Hillary Ronen and Matt Haney have criticized Breed's actions, saying that according to the city's ethics laws it is illegal for a supervisor to accept gifts from a subordinate. COVID-19 response
San Francisco issued a state of emergency because of COVID-19 in February 2020, before the federal government suggested doing so, and San Francisco became one of the first American cities to go into lockdown. On March 2, Breed advised residents, "Prepare for possible disruption from an outbreak". Under the state of emergency, private gyms were required to shut down, but the city government petitioned Cal/OSHA for a waiver to allow various government employees to continue to use gyms in city-owned facilities, which were allowed to continue to operate.On April 24, 2020, Breed reported that her city's PPE orders had been diverted to other cities and countries. She said, “We’ve had issues of our orders being relocated by our suppliers in China. For example, we had isolation gowns on their way to San Francisco and they were diverted to France. We’ve had situations when things we’ve ordered that have gone through Customs were confiscated by FEMA to be diverted to other locations." In November 2020, Breed attended an eight-person birthday party at the Michelin 3-star restaurant French Laundry in Napa County during the COVID-19 pandemic in California. The event was held in a partially enclosed room, despite California Department of Public Health discouraging such gatherings with a recommended three-household cap. Napa County allowed indoor dining at the time without a household cap.Still, Heather Knight of San Francisco Chronicle noted that the event violated San Francisco health guidelines at the time. San Francisco banned indoor dining three days later. Breed and other California politicians such as Governor Gavin Newsom and Mayor Sam Liccardo were criticized for not following the same public health guidelines they administered. During the pandemic, sidewalks and parking spaces were turned into outdoor dining spaces. In 2021, Breed called for allowing small businesses to use sidewalk and parking spaces indefinitely as outdoor dining spaces. On September 16, 2021, videos surfaced showing Breed violating the city's mask mandate by not wearing a mask indoors while dancing at the Black Cat nightclub. She later explained the onstage reunion of the original members of Tony!Toni! Toné! "was something really monumental that occurred...I got up and started dancing because I was feeling the spirit and I wasn’t thinking about a mask." Breed later responded to critics, "Like, we don’t need the fun police to come in and try and micromanage and tell us what we should or shouldn’t be doing. No one has been more conservative about protecting themselves than I have, not just because I want to set an example, but because I don’t want to get COVID", she added. The city's mask mandate, advocated by Breed, requires everyone to wear a mask indoors regardless of vaccination status. At the time of her presence at the concert, she was photographed not socially distancing or wearing a mask.Legislative record

Public safety
Breed authored legislation in 2014 to allow the San Francisco City Attorney to pursue civil damages against graffiti taggers, instead of solely relying on criminal prosecutions to punish taggers. In 2016, City Attorney Dennis Herrera used these new penalties to win a civil judgment against serial tagger Terry Cozy that resulted in a $217,832 fine. The San Francisco Fire Department's response times to emergency medical calls spiked dramatically in 2014, with ambulances often unavailable to respond. Breed was outspoken in demanding improvements, pushing then-Mayor Lee to do more, expressing a lack of confidence in Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White, and generating press attention for the issue. Breed fought for substantially more funding for emergency medical services, ultimately succeeding in getting $47.3 million invested to hire EMTs, paramedics, firefighters, and 911 dispatchers, as well as buy new ambulances and fire trucks, and improve SFFD facilities. Breed has cited her work on this issue as helping to reduce ambulance response times by over 26%. Her work also helped her earn the sole endorsement of the San Francisco Firefighters Local 798 union in the 2018 mayoral election.In 2015, Breed worked with then-Mayor Ed Lee to help add 400 new police officers to the San Francisco Police Department. After the shooting of Mario Woods by San Francisco police officers on December 2, 2015, Breed and Supervisor Malia Cohen passed a Resolution calling for a federal investigation of the shooting and a Department of Justice review of the SFPD's use of force policies. This ultimately resulted in 272 recommendations to improve the SFPD. In 2015, Breed led the effort to stop a proposed $380 million new jail for San Francisco, saying: “I’ve seen way too many people from my community, friends, even family members, end up on the wrong side of these iron bars,” and calling the jail proposal “a return to an era of mass incarceration, an era San Francisco is trying to leave behind.” She created a working group to develop an alternative to the jail proposal, including "new mental health facilities and current jail retrofits needed to uphold public safety and better serve at-risk individuals." In July 2019, Breed signed an ordinance effectively banning the sale of e-cigarettes in San Francisco, both at brick-and-mortar stores and online to a San Francisco address. Housing

As Supervisor in 2014, Breed secured $2 million to renovate unused public housing units for formerly homeless families. In 2015, Breed helped pass "neighborhood preference" legislation to prioritize neighborhood residents for the affordable homes built in their community.When the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development threatened to block the legislation, she flew to Washington, D.C., with a delegation of San Francisco

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 officials and persuaded it to let the program proceed. The program first went into effect for the Willie B. Kennedy apartments in Breed's district, with 39 units prioritized for community residents at risk of economic displacement. San Francisco passed legislation in 2015 to create the Neighborhood Commercial Transit District in the Divisadero and Fillmore corridors in her district. The laws removed housing density caps, allowing more homes to be built on a given parcel without increasing the building's size or height. The Affordable Divis group requested that Breed rescind the law, citing concerns about the availability of affordable units and lack of community input. She declined, citing the need for more homes in the city and conflicts with Proposition C from 2012. In April 2015, the city of San Francisco passed legislation to remove minimum parking space requirements for new buildings and allow unused parking spaces in existing buildings to be converted housing.Breed was the lead sponsor and co-sponsor of two housing ballot measures: Proposition A in 2015, a $310 million bond for affordable housing which passed with 74% support, and Proposition C in 2016, a $261 million housing bond that repurposed unused city bond funds for affordable housing and passed with 77% support. Breed joined Supervisor Ahsha Safai in supporting the 2018 "Housing for All" ballot measure, Proposition D, to increase the city's tax on commercial rents to "raise about $100 million a year to pay for 10,000 low- and middle-income housing units and shelter accommodations for the city’s homeless population over the next decade." After facing a competing tax increase measure, Prop D did not pass. In 2017, Breed coauthored legislation to provide civil counsel for tenants facing eviction, reducing the chances of vulnerable tenants unfairly losing their homes. Voters approved a similar measure in June 2018, Proposition F.

Breed is a major advocate for modular housing, arguing that it can be built more quickly and cheaply than conventional construction, helping the city create more housing sooner. As Acting Mayor, she announced a partnership with labor unions to build a modular housing factory in or near San Francisco. As a candidate for mayor, Breed aligned herself with pro-housing leaders like State Senator Scott Wiener and the SF YIMBY (Yes In My Back Yard) Party, both of whom endorsed her.She committed to Mayor Lee's goal of building at least 5,000 new units of housing each year. In her inaugural address on July 11, 2018, Breed said: “The politics of ‘no’ has plagued our city for far too long—‘not on my block, not in my backyard.’ We have made mistakes in the past by not moving housing production forward all over this city. I plan to change the politics of ‘no’ to the politics of ‘yes.’ Yes, we will build more housing.”

Transportation

Muni and transit service

Breed carried multiple pieces of legislation allowing Muni to purchase hundreds of new buses and replace its entire fleet of trains. Introduced over several years, her legislation provided for 50 hybrid buses, 260 light rail vehicles, 61 hybrid buses, 60 trolley buses, 98 hybrid buses, and 33 trolley buses. The 260 new light rail vehicles are slated to replace Muni's aging fleet of Breda trains, add 24 trains for the new Central Subway, and provide 85 more trains for added service throughout the system. Built by Siemens in Sacramento, the new trains are lighter and quieter than the ones they replace and project to run almost 12 times longer before needing major repair. The first Siemens train went into service in San Francisco in 2017.As Supervisor, Breed focused much attention on the N Judah Muni train line, which runs through District 5 and is the busiest Muni line in the city. She worked with Muni to launch a morning commute shuttle train, serving the most crowded stops from Cole Valley to Downtown. Breed worked with then-Supervisor Scott Wiener in 2013 to persuade Muni to change the seat layout in its trains from forward-facing to side-facing to create additional room for passengers. Muni initially refused to test the idea, so the Supervisors called a public hearing. Muni eventually agreed, testing the change on several trains. Riders preferred this design according to Muni's surveys, and Muni incorporated it into their new train designs. Breed worked with the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency and Bay Area Rapid Transit and carried the legislation to add cellular service for riders on Muni's underground trains.The lack of cell service has been a long-standing complaint by riders. Transportation funding

Breed cosponsored 2014's Proposition A, a $500 million bond to fund street repaving, infrastructure repair, transit service improvements, and increased bicycle and pedestrian safety. It passed with 72% support. She was also the deciding vote to place 2014's Proposition B on the ballot, which required transportation funding to be increased with population growth. It passed with 61% support and now provides approximately $25 million per year for transit, bike, and pedestrian improvements. When Kezar Drive, a major thoroughfare in her district, fell into disrepair, Breed addressed what she called a "case study in bureaucracy" between the Department of Public Works and Recreation and Parks Department and got the road repaved. In 2015, Breed coauthored legislation to create San Francisco's Transportation Sustainability Fee (TSF), requiring residential developers to pay a fee toward transportation improvements.The legislation is generating approximately $14 million annually in new funds for Muni and other transportation projects. Breed also worked with Mayor Lee to add $48.1 million in funding in the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Fiscal Year 2015-16 budget for "service increases, new capital investments, purchase of buses and trains, and bicycle and pedestrian safety enhancements." Also in 2015, she helped approve and secure funding for the Van Ness Bus Rapid Transit project, which is making infrastructure repairs and safety improvements to the Van Ness corridor and is projected to cut transit travel times by up to 32%. In 2017, Breed called for a hearing at the Board of Supervisors after the Municipal Transportation Agency disclosed that it had only spent 2% of the $500 million in bonds that voters had approved for transportation improvements more than two years earlier in 2014. Breed argued that delays at the SFMTA mean "our money grew less valuable and our transportation projects more delayed." Breed carried the legislation to place Regional Measure 3 on the San Francisco ballot in June 2018. The measure passed and "will be used to finance a $4.45 billion slate of highway and transit improvements."including BART, Muni, and Caltrain. Bikes and street safety

During her first few months as Supervisor in 2013, Breed persuaded city departments to complete two new bike lanes on Oak and Fell Streets ahead of schedule, prompting the local transportation site StreetsblogSF to say she had “emerged as a bicycling champion.” She secured federal funding for the redesign of Masonic Boulevard in her district, which added bike lanes and traffic safety measures to one of the most dangerous corridors in the city. The official ribbon-cutting for the completed Masonic Avenue Streetscape Improvement Project between Geary Boulevard and the Panhandle took place in August 2018. The project cost $25 million. The bicycle improvements were limited to a buffered bike lane, which typically cost $15,000 per mile. Breed cosponsored the 2014 legislation to implement Vision Zero, a plan to eliminate all traffic fatalities via improved engineering, education, and enforcement. Breed's efforts to achieve Vision Zero in San Francisco have thus far been ineffective.As mayor, traffic fatalities increased 35% from 31 in 2018 to 42 in 2019. She also cosponsored the 2016 legislation to create the city's Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program, in which housing developers provide transit benefits to their residents such as transit passes, bike parking, and carpool programs. When the SFPD began ticketing bicyclists for not completely stopping at stop signs in 2015, Breed became the first elected official in San Francisco to support the “Idaho Stop” law, which allows bicyclists to yield at stop signs instead of coming to a complete stop. A group of bicyclists protested the SFPD enforcement by completely stopping at all stop signs, a demonstration that "snarled traffic" and was "flanked by an army of TV cameras and amused onlookers." Breed and former Supervisor John Avalos wrote legislation to enact the Idaho Stop law, which passed the Board of Supervisors but was vetoed by Mayor Lee. Breed also passed legislation in 2015 banning certain obstructions to bike lanes and removing parking minimums in new buildings. A street construction project on Haight Street in Breed's district caused multiple safety issues in 2015 when Synergy Project Management, a subcontractor working under the General contractor Ghilotti Bros., repeatedly hit underground gas lines.Breed had work on the project stopped and called a hearing at the Board of Supervisors about the matter. She later passed legislation with then-Supervisor Scott Wiener to revise the city's contract awarding process, emphasizing a bidder's past safety record. In her 2016 reelection campaign Breed earned the sole endorsement of the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, which said: "Breed has consistently supported smart, data-driven traffic enforcement and helped to move important bike projects.”

Environmental protection

CleanPowerSF

Breed's best-known environmental work is likely her successful fight to launch the city's clean electrical energy program, CleanPowerSF, a Community Choice Aggregation program in which San Francisco purchases renewable, greenhouse-gas-free electrical energy and makes it available to San Francisco ratepayers. Its ultimate goal is to achieve 100% clean electrical energy in the city. According to the San Francisco Department of the Environment's Climate Action Strategy: "Moving to 100% renewable electricity is the single biggest step the City can take to reduce GHG [Greenhouse Gas] emissions. The potential GHG emissions reduction from this program is estimated to total 941,000 metric tons (mT) of CO2e annually by 2030." When Breed took office in 2013 CleanPowerSF had, according to the San Francisco League of Conservation Voters, "languished for 12 years" in the face of opposition from multiple mayoral administrations, the city's utility provider PG&E, and other business interests."Breed took it upon herself to get CleanPowerSF off the ground," said the League of Conservation Voters. Under the city's charter, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission had ultimate authority to approve or reject the program. When they rejected proposed power rates for the program in August 2013, Breed authored a resolution at the Board of Supervisors, arguing: "In failing to set not-to-exceed rates for CleanPowerSF, the Public Utilities Commission is contradicting the policy directives of the Board of Supervisors...The Board of Supervisors refuses to acquiesce its policymaking authority to the Executive bureaucracy; and... If the Public Utilities Commissioners fail to set not-to-exceed rates, or hereafter fail in any way to timely implement CleanPowerSF, the Board of Supervisors shall, whether at the Board Chamber or the ballot, exercise every means at its disposal to enact its policy objective." Breed worked for the subsequent 17 months to launch CleanPowerSF, often fighting with the Lee administration. In January 2015 Mayor Lee announced he would support a slightly revised version of CleanPowerSF, and the program proceeded toward launch. In the summer of 2015 the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local Union 1245, which represents PG&E employees, submitted a ballot measure, Proposition G, that would have imposed restrictions on CleanPowerSF.Breed and former Supervisor John Avalos wrote a competing measure, Proposition H, that would have required PG&E to disclose its use of nuclear power among other things. Following negotiations between IBEW representative Hunter Stern and Breed, Avalos, and their staff, IBEW agreed to oppose their own proposition and support Breed's measure. It passed with 80% support. Polystyrene ban

In 2016, the city of San Francisco passed the nation's strongest ban on sale and use of products made from polystyrene foam, including expanded polystyrene foam (also called Styrofoam) for food service ware, egg cartons, coolers, and packing peanuts. The law made national and international news. In the final week of Breed's 2016 reelection campaign, she released a comical web video about the legislation, "Styrofoam Monster." In the ad, she chases away a bully who is dressed in a costume made of polystyrene foam.The San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "The award for most creative campaign ad goes to Board of Supervisors President <mask>d..[It] is akin to an ingenious high school video production." Drug take back legislation
In 2015, the city of San Francisco passed legislation requiring drug manufacturers to fund a drug take-back program in San Francisco, enabling consumers to place unused medications in secure drop-off bins in pharmacies. Unused drugs are often disposed in the trash or toilet which can pollute waterways or lead to accidental poisonings. Breed published an op-ed in support of the legislation. It passed unanimously on March 17, 2015, making San Francisco only the third county in the nation to launch such a program. The program has collected well over 20 tons of medications. Despite her environmental record during her first term on the Board of Supervisors, the local chapter of the Sierra Club endorsed her opponent.This prompted Breed's then-Chief of Staff Conor Johnston to write a scathing article in the San Francisco Examiner accusing the local Sierra Club chapter of hypocrisy and "bewildering anti-environmentalism" for blocking new housing and engaging in "political tribalism." See also
 List of mayors of the 50 largest cities in the United States

References

External links

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1974 births
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21st-century American women politicians
Activists from California
African-American mayors in California
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Living people
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Mayors of San Francisco
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African-American city council members in California
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