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<mask> (born July 1978) is an American politician, economist, and professor serving as a member of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Lawson-Remer previously worked as a professor at The New School and the University of California, San Diego, and as a senior advisor in the U.S. Treasury Department. Born in San Diego, Lawson-Remer grew up in the Mission Hills neighborhood and attended La Jolla High School. Lawson-Remer graduated from Yale University with a bachelor's degree in ethics, politics, and economics in 2000, later attending New York University, where she received a Juris Doctor and Doctor of Philosophy. After her education, Lawson-Remer worked for the World Bank and the U.S. Treasury Department during the Barack Obama administration. She then became a professor at The New School and the University of California, San Diego, teaching public policy. In 2020, Lawson-Remer campaigned to become a supervisor in the San Diego County Board of Supervisors, successfully defeating the Republican incumbent Kristin Gaspar.By winning the supervisory seat, Lawson-Remer shifted control of the Board of Supervisors toward the Democrats for the first time in a generation. Early life
<mask> Lawson-Remer was born in July 1978 in San Diego, California. Her father, Larry Remer, was born in Montclair, New Jersey, to a Jewish family and worked as an investigative journalist who would become a political consultant later in his career. Lawson-Remer's mother, Shari Lawson, worked as a lawyer. Her parents met each other while organizing protests in opposition to the Vietnam War and eventually married in July 1977 with Earl Ben Gilliam, a San Diego County Superior Court judge, officiating their marriage. Lawson-Remer's paternal grandparents were Herbert and Beverly Remer. Herbert owned a company that imported goods mostly from Switzerland and Scandinavia and served in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II as part of the United States Navy.Meanwhile, Beverly was a schoolteacher in the Bronx who worked toward desegregating the city's schools. Lawson-Remer's maternal grandfather, Frank Lawson, served in the United States Marine Corps and was stationed at Camp Pendleton and killed in action during the Korean War in 1950. Lawson-Remer has a sister named Alexa. Lawson-Remer grew up in Mission Hills and graduated from La Jolla High School in 1996. In 2000, Lawson-Remer graduated from Yale University with a bachelor's degree in ethics, politics, and economics. She later attended New York University, where she received a Juris Doctor in 2006 and a Doctor of Philosophy in political economy in 2010. Early career and activism

While president of her high school class in 1994, Lawson-Remer participated in a student walkout in opposition to Proposition 187, a ballot measure related to illegal immigration in California.Her involvement in the walkout prompted the school administrators to strip Lawson-Remer of her class presidency. In 1999, Lawson-Remer protested against a World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle, resulting in police arresting her. Lawson-Remer was one of nearly 14,000 law students in 2003 who submitted an amicus curiae in Grutter v. Bollinger, voicing support for affirmative action in college admissions. On August 26, 2004, Lawson-Remer participated in Operation Sybil, a New York protest against the upcoming Republican National Convention, rappelling the Plaza Hotel to place a sign in opposition to president George W. Bush. New York police arrested her and several other co-organizers, charging them with felony and misdemeanor charges of assault, reckless endangerment, and criminal trespass. Lawson-Remer said Bush and vice president Dick Cheney were "taking [the country] in the wrong direction" and accused them of deception on the Iraq War, healthcare, and the economy. Lawson-Remer worked for Amnesty International, PlaNet Finance on behalf of the World Bank, and as a senior advisor in the U.S. Treasury Department during the Barack Obama administration.She also taught public policy as a professor at The New School and the University of California, San Diego. In 2014, Lawson-Remer appeared in an episode of Vice to discuss the effects of the resource curse in Papua New Guinea. Along with fifteen other applicants, Lawson-Remer applied to the Encinitas City Council in 2017, hoping to fill a seat left vacant after Catherine Blakespear became the city's mayor. In 2017–2018, Lawson-Remer was a fellow at Stanford University's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and the Berggruen Institute. She led the Flip the 49th campaign to defeat Republican U.S. representative Darrell Issa in California's 49th district in 2018. In 2019, Lawson-Remer received the Grawemeyer Award from the University of Louisville alongside Sakiko Fukuda-Parr and Susan Randolph for their book entitled Fulfilling Social and Economic Rights, which made a "significant contribution to world order" by "inform[ing] domestic and international policies, aid[ing] in the work of non-governmental organizations and provid[ing] a way to evaluate performance in a truly comparative perspective." San Diego County Board of Supervisors

2020 election

On January 28, 2019, Lawson-Remer announced her candidacy in the third district of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors, contending for a seat held by conservative Republican Kristin Gaspar.In June 2019, Lawson-Remer received the endorsement of SEIU Local 221, the largest labor union in San Diego County. Escondido Mayor Paul McNamara withdrew his endorsement of Escondido City Councilwoman Olga Diaz, a fellow Democrat, on December 3, 2019, to support Lawson-Remer's campaign. On December 24, 2019, San Diego County Superior Court Judge Timothy Taylor required Lawson-Remer to revise her title in her ballot description, in which she indicated she was an attorney. However, because the State Bar of California did not license her, Lawson-Remer cannot refer to herself as an attorney without indicating the state where she has a license, which was New York in her case. Democratic U.S. representative Juan Vargas, a friend of Lawson-Remer's father, endorsed her campaign to become a county supervisor in January 2020. In the March 2020 primary election, Lawson-Remer defeated Diaz to move on to the general election against Gaspar. After the election, San Diego Association of Governments executive director Hasan Ikhrata made the highest possible campaign donation to Lawson-Remer.Between February 16 through June 30, 2020, Lawson-Remer received more campaign contributions than Gaspar. Several months before the November election, Lawson-Remer received a deluge of endorsements from California Democratic politicians hoping to flip the Republican-held seat, including governor Gavin Newsom, State Senate president pro tempore Toni Atkins, and San Diego county supervisor Nathan Fletcher. In October, Lawson-Remer received the endorsement of The San Diego Union-Tribune editorial board, who endorsed her Republican opponent in 2016. An October 2020 Voice of San Diego poll showed that 42% of likely voters would vote or leaned in favor of voting for Lawson-Remer, as opposed to 31% for Gaspar, whose support for Donald Trump undermined her chances of reelection. On October 12, 2020, Lawson-Remer challenged Gaspar in a KUSI debate, and she went on to defeat her Republican opponent on November 3 to shift the balance of power of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors in favor of the Democrats. Heading into the election, the Republicans held a 4–1 majority in the Board of Supervisors, ending up as a 3–2 Democratic majority afterward, establishing Democratic control for the "first time in at least a generation," according to the Voice of San Diego. Lawson-Remer's victory ensured simultaneous Democratic control of the San Diego mayor's office, the San Diego City Council, and the San Diego County Board of Supervisors.Tenure
After winning the election, Lawson-Remer became a member of the Board of Supervisors after being sworn in on January 4, 2021. The swearing-in ceremony occurred between 10 and 11 a.m., with Lawson-Remer sworn in after Nora Vargas and Joel Anderson. Lawson-Remer recited the oath of office with  state Senator Toni Atkins and Judge M. Margaret McKeown of the United States Court of Appeal for the Ninth Circuit, which was done so virtually due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Political positions

Lawson-Remer supported lifting San Diego County's ban on businesses selling recreational cannabis in unincorporated areas, favoring market regulation instead of prohibitive policy. On climate change, she wanted to put together a plan that involved adopting a Community Choice Aggregation program setting a timeline for 90% clean energy, support for mitigation banking, and other initiatives. Lawson-Remer suggested providing incentives for developers building affordable housing as a means to resolve San Diego's housing crisis. She supported the implementation of smart growth to curb sprawl.Lawson-Remer said that racism in the United States continued to be a problem locally and nationally. She opposed outsourcing the jail medical and mental health services of the San Diego County Sheriff's Department. Lawson-Remer criticized San Diego County's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, seeing the county as unready to handle outbreaks. On the United States' investment in multilateral development banks, Lawson-Remer supported continued investment in these financial institutions on the basis that such investment develops and maintains national security. She argued that the G20 lacked legitimacy as an international actor because of issues surrounding the institution's transparency and accountability, believing that the G20 needed greater involvement of the people whose policies they affect. Personal life
Lawson-Remer resides in Encinitas, California, where she raises her daughter Eeva Kai as a single mother. Lawson-Remer is non-binary and pansexual.Explaining why she became a politician, Lawson-Remer cited Hillary Clinton's loss in the 2016 United States presidential election. Lawson-Remer's sister, Alexa, works as an associate at Sullivan & Cromwell. In 2018, the National LGBT Bar Association named her sister one of the Best LGBT Lawyers Under 40. Electoral history

Publications

References

External links

 Column archives at Foreign Policy and HuffPost

1978 births
21st-century American economists
21st-century American educators
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American politicians
Activists from California
American anti–Iraq War activists
American political activists
Amnesty International people
California Democrats
Candidates in the 2020 United States elections
Economists from California
Jewish American academics
Jewish American activists
Jewish American attorneys
Jewish American economists
Jewish American government officials
Jewish American people in California politics
Jewish American writers
LGBT academics
LGBT lawyers
LGBT people from California
LGBT politicians from the United States
LGBT writers from the United States
Living people
New York University School of Law alumni
Non-binary writers
Obama administration personnel
Politicians from San Diego
San Diego County Board of Supervisors members
The New School faculty
United States Department of the Treasury officials
University of California, San Diego faculty
World Bank people
Yale University alumni

masks:
Terra Eve Lawson Remer
Terra Eve


text_chunks:
<mask> FRS FRAS
(22 March 1768 – 27 February 1855) developed the first paper making machine and created the world's first commercial canning factory. These were the basis for large industries that continue to flourish today. <mask> was involved with Thomas Telford's Caledonian Canal, Marc and Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, and Charles Babbage's computer. He was an advisor to the government and held in high esteem by his peers. Early life
Raised in Sandhoe, Northumberland, his father was a surveyor and land agent. <mask> initially began work in the same business, and worked from September 1789 to February 1791 as bailiff at Knole House and estate for the Duke of Dorset. Career
While working for the Duke of Dorset, <mask> consulted the engineer John Smeaton, an acquaintance of his father, as to how he could become an engineer.At Smeaton's advice in 1792 he apprenticed himself to John Hall in Dartford, Kent, who had founded the Dartford Iron Works (later J & E Hall) in 1785. Shortly after completing his apprenticeship, he set himself up in Dartford, with the support of John Hall, making moulds for paper works, for at that time all paper making was done by hand. In 1798 he married Mary Brames, daughter of Peter Brames, a neighbouring land owner and market gardener, and a prominent supporter of the Methodist movement. By doing so <mask> became brother in law to John Hall, who had married Mary's elder sister Sarah in 1791. Fourdrinier machine

In 1801–2 Donkin took a prototype of a continuous paper-making machine, and started its transformation into the famous Fourdrinier machine which is the basis of modern paper-making. <mask> took premises at Bermondsey, London in 1802, thus starting the enterprise that became the Bryan Donkin Company, which still continues in business in the early 21st century. In 1804 he succeeded in producing a working machine.A second, improved one, was made the following year and in 1810 eighteen of the complex machines had been erected at various mills. Although the original design was not <mask>'s, he received the credit for having perfected them and brought them into use. His company continued to make such machines, and by 1851 had produced nearly 200 machines for use across the world. Printing machinery
<mask> also worked with printing machinery. In 1813 he and a printer, Richard Mackenzie Bacon of Norwich, obtained a patent for a "Polygonal printing machine"; this used types placed on a rotating square or hexagonal roller or "geometric prism". Ink was applied by a roller which rose and fell with the irregularities of the prism. One of these machines was set up for Cambridge University.It however proved too complicated and suffered from poor inking, which prevented its success. However, it was the first machine to introduce composition ink rollers which were considered better than the existing leather-covered rollers. <mask>'s inking roller quickly became the industry standard. Tinned food
Donkin became interested in canning food in metal containers. John Hall acquired Peter Durand's patent in 1812 for the sum of £1000 and after various experiments, and in association with Hall and Gamble, <mask> set up a canning factory in Bermondsey, the first cannery to use tinned iron containers. By late spring 1813 they were appointing agents on the south coast to sell preserved food to outbound ships. Soon the British Admiralty were placing sizeable orders with the firm of Donkin, Hall and Gamble for meat preserved in tinned iron canisters.The firm of Donkin, Hall and Gamble was later merged into Crosse & Blackwells. The Science Museum, London has an early Donkin tin can. Difference engine
During the 1820s and 1830s, Charles Babbage requested <mask>'s assistance in resolving continuing disputes between Babbage and Joseph Clement who had been commissioned by Babbage to manufacture the difference engine. This included investigating the ownership of intellectual property, tooling and piece-parts of the difference engine. <mask> retired from an active role in the business in 1846 at the age of 78. His sons John, <mask> and Thomas continued the business. In 1857 the British government authorised the sum of £1200  (2015: £) for a full-scale difference engine with attached printing apparatus based on the design of Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard to be constructed by <mask>'s company, which had acquired a reputation for building machines for the colour printing of banknotes and stamps.Costs overran and the company delivered the machine in July 1859, several weeks past the deadline, incurring a loss of £615. Despite the engine's printing unit working badly, the Royal Society and the Astronomer Royal were generally positive when they inspected it on 30 August 1859, expressing their satisfaction at its construction. <mask> was unhappy that he had lost so much money on the project, which he attributed to the engine's unexpected intricacy and the fact that he had very little to base his original cost estimate on, Edvard Scheutz having given him very little information. In addition, costly machine tools had had to be made specially to make the engine's components and many alterations had been introduced along the way. The machine was used by William Farr at the General Register Office to compute life tables, which were published in 1864. It operated on 15-digit numbers and 4th-order differences, and produced printed output just as Charles Babbage had envisaged. This machine is now in the London Science Museum.Civil engineering

In the 1820s <mask> became a director of the Thames Tunnel Company, having become acquainted with Marc Brunel when he had supplied equipment for his machinery at Chatham Dockyard. In 1825–27 <mask> supplied pumps for removing water from the tunnel and also workmen for modifying the tunnelling shield; at one time it was even suggested that he replace Brunel as engineer. In 1826 he constructed a model of a landing stage proposed by Brunel for use at Liverpool. <mask>'s works regularly supplied machinery for use in civil engineering projects, including dredging machines for the Caledonian Canal in 1816, the Prussian Government in 1817, the Göta Canal (Sweden) in 1821, and the Calder and Hebble Navigation in 1824. Stationary steam engines were also supplied for use in the construction of the locks on the Caledonian Canal. As an eminent engineer, <mask> was often consulted on civil engineering matters. He supported Thomas Telford's 1814 proposals for a massive suspension bridge at Runcorn, and in 1821 reported along with Henry Maudslay on an iron bridge erected by Ralph Dodd at Springfield, Chelmsford.Thomas Telford employed <mask> in his survey of rivers in the London area for the Water Supply report, completed shortly before Telford's death. <mask> died in 1855 and was buried in a family plot in Nunhead Cemetery, south London. Other work
In 1820 <mask> worked with Sir William Congreve on preventing the forgery of excise stamps, using a method of two-colour printing with compound printing plates. Working with his partner John Wilks, he produced a machine which was used for the Excise and Stamp Office and also for the East India Company at Calcutta. This Rose Engine is now at the Science Museum, London. By 1847, <mask>'s company had designed its first products for the emerging gas industry. The name Donkin has since become a generic name for certain gas valves and <mask>kin RMG Gas Controls Limited remains a going concern in Europe.AVK and Howden Blowers also continue manufacture of <mask> equipment. Among <mask>'s other inventions were a screw-cutting and dividing machine; an instrument to measure the velocity of rotating machinery; and a counting engine. The last two received the Royal Society of Arts Prize medal. Death

<mask> died at home in the New Kent Road, London, on 27 February 1855. He was buried in a vault in Nunhead Cemetery. His wife, Mary, died on 27 August 1858 and was buried in the same vault, as were other family members at later dates. Institutions
In 1805, with John Hall and others, he formed the Society of Master Millwrights, acting as its treasurer.He was a member of the Society of Arts, becoming a Vice-president and Chairman of the Committee of Mechanics. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1838. <mask> was one of the originators and a vice-president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, which was founded by Henry Robinson Palmer, one of his pupils. He also helped the Institution to obtain its Royal Charter in 1828, advancing 100 guineas towards the costs. <mask> was elected a member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers in 1835 and served as its president in 1843. He was a founder member of the Royal Astronomical Society and served on its council. Notes

References

 Chronicle of Britain
 GIS/V12:2006 Gas Industry Standard Specification for Sealant replacement for valves operating up to and including 2 bar
Britannica article on <mask>
 "<mask>: The Very Civil Engineer 1768 - 1855"  Maureen Greenland and Russ Day, Phillimore Book Publishing, 2016, , 9780993468018

External links
 The Bryan Donkin Archive Trust seeks to ensure that the artefacts of the company are preserved and to educate everyone interested about <mask>.AVK
 Bryan Donkin RMG Gas Controls Ltd
 Howden Blowers and Compressors

English inventors
English civil engineers
People of the Industrial Revolution
1768 births
1855 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
People from Northumberland

masks:
Bryan Donkin
Bryan Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Bryan Donkin
Bryan
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Bryan Don
Bryan Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Bryan Donkin
Bryan Donkin


text_chunks:
<mask> (, ;  – November 3, 1918) was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. His surname is variously romanized as Ljapunov, Liapunov, Liapounoff or Ljapunow. He was the son of astronomer <mask> and the brother of pianist and composer <mask>. <mask> is known for his development of the stability theory of a dynamical system, as well as for his many contributions to mathematical physics and probability theory. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Yaroslavl, Russian Empire. His father <mask> (1820–1868) was an astronomer employed by the Demidov Lyceum. His brother, <mask>, was a gifted composer and pianist.In 1863, M. V<mask> retired from his scientific career and relocated his family to his wife's estate at Bolobonov, in the Simbirsk province (now Ulyanovsk Oblast). After the death of his father in 1868, <mask> was educated by his uncle R. M. Sechenov, brother of the physiologist Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov. At his uncle's family, Lyapunov studied with his distant cousin Natalia Rafailovna, who became his wife in 1886. In 1870, his mother moved with her sons to Nizhny Novgorod, where he started the third class of the gymnasium. He graduated from the gymnasium with distinction in 1876. Education

In 1876, <mask> entered the Physico-Mathematical department at the University of Saint Petersburg, but after one month he transferred to the Mathematics department of the university. Among the Saint Petersburg mathematics professors were Chebyshev and his students <mask> Korkin and Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev.<mask> wrote his first independent scientific works under the guidance of the professor of mechanics, D. K. Bobylev. In 1880 <mask> received a gold medal for a work on hydrostatics. This was the basis for his first published scientific works On the equilibrium of a heavy body in a heavy fluid contained in a vessel of a fixed form and On the potential of hydrostatic pressure. <mask> also completed his university course in 1880, two years after Andrey Markov who had also graduated at Saint Petersburg University. <mask> would maintain scientific contact with Markov throughout his life. Teaching and research
A major theme in <mask>'s research was the stability of a rotating fluid mass with possible astronomical application. This subject was proposed to Lyapunov by Chebyshev as a topic for his masters thesis which he submitted in 1884 with the title On the stability of ellipsoidal forms of rotating fluids.In 1885, <mask> became privatdozent and was proposed to accept the chair of mechanics at Kharkiv University, where he went the same year. About the initial stay at Kharkiv, Smirnov writes in his biography of <mask>:

His student and collaborator, Vladimir Steklov, recalled his first lecture in the following way: "A handsome young man, almost of the age of the other students, came before the audience, where there was also the old Dean, professor Levakovsky, who was respected by all students. After the Dean had left, the young man with a trembled voice started to lecture a course on the dynamics of material points, instead of a course on dynamical systems. This subject was already known to the students from the lectures of professor Delarue. But what Lyapunov taught us was new to me and I had never seen this material in any textbook. All antipathy to the course was immediately blown to dust. From that day students would show Lyapunov a special respect."The main contribution was published in the celebrated  monograph  'A.M. Lyapunov, The general problem of the stability of motion. 1892. Kharkiv Mathematical Society, Kharkiv, 251p. (in Russian)'. This led on to his 1892 doctoral thesis The general problem of the stability of motion. The thesis was defended in Moscow University on September 12, 1892, with Nikolai Zhukovsky and V. B. Mlodzeevski as opponents.In 1908, the Kharkiv edition was translated to French and republished by the University of Toulouse: 'Probleme General de la Stabilite du Mouvement, Par M.A. Liapounoff. Traduit du russe par M.Edouard Davaux'. Later years
<mask> returned to Saint Petersburg in 1902, after being elected acting member of the Academy of Science as well as ordinary professor in the Faculty of Applied Mathematics of the university. The position had been left vacant by the death of his former teacher, Chebyshev. Not having any teaching obligations, this allowed <mask> to focus on his studies and in particular he was able to bring to a conclusion the work on the problem of Chebyshev with which he started his scientific career. In 1908, he took part to the Fourth International Mathematical Congress in Rome.He also participated in the publication of Euler's selected works: he was an editor of the volumes 18 and 19. Death

By the end of June 1917, <mask> traveled with his wife to his brother's palace in Odessa. <mask>'s wife was suffering from tuberculosis so they moved following her doctor's orders. She died on October 31, 1918. The same day, <mask> shot himself in the head, and three days later he died. By that time, he was going blind from cataracts. Work

Lyapunov contributed to several fields, including differential equations, potential theory, dynamical systems and probability theory.His main preoccupations were the stability of equilibria and the motion of mechanical systems, and the study of particles under the influence of gravity. His work in the field of mathematical physics regarded the boundary value problem of the equation of Laplace. In the theory of potential, his work from 1897 On some questions connected with Dirichlet's problem clarified several important aspects of the theory. His work in this field is in close connection with the work of Steklov. <mask> developed many important approximation methods. His methods, which he developed in 1899, make it possible to define the stability of sets of ordinary differential equations. He created the modern theory of the stability of a dynamic system.In the theory of probability, he generalised the works of Chebyshev and Markov, and proved the Central Limit Theorem under more general conditions than his predecessors. The method of characteristic functions he used for the proof later found widespread use in probability theory. Like many mathematicians, <mask> preferred to work alone and communicated mainly with few colleagues and close relatives. He usually worked late, four to five hours at night, sometimes the whole night. Once or twice a year he visited the theatre, or went to some concert. He had many students. He was an honorary member of many universities, an honorary member of the academy in Rome and a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in Paris.Lyapunov's impact was significant, and the following mathematical concepts are named after him:
 Lyapunov equation
 Lyapunov exponent
 Lyapunov function
 Lyapunov fractal
 Lyapunov stability
 Lyapunov's central limit theorem
 Lyapunov vector

Selected publications
 1884, On the stability of ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium of a rotating fluid (in Russian) Published in Bulletin Astronomique 1885
 1892, A.M. Lyapunov, The general problem of the stability of motion. 1892. Kharkov Mathematical Society, Kharkov, 251p. (in Russian)
 1897, Sur certaines questions qui se rattachent au problème de Dirichlet
 1901, Nouvelle forme du théorème sur la limite de probabilité
 1901, Sur un théorème du calcul des probabilités
 1902, Sur une série dans la théorie des équations différentielles linéaires du second ordre à coefficients périodiques
 1903, Recherches dans la théorie de la figure des corps célestes
 1904, Sur l'équation de Clairaut et les équations plus générales de la théorie de la figure des planètes

See also

 Lyapunov equation
 Lyapunov exponent
 Lyapunov fractal
 Lyapunov function
 Lyapunov stability
 Lyapunov time
 Lyapunov's central limit theorem
 Lyapunov's condition
 Lyapunov–Malkin theorem
 Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction

Notes

References

 Reviewed in detail by M. C. Smith: Automatica 1995 vol.3(2), pp. 353–356

External links

 Ляпунов Александр Михайлович at www. mathsoc.spb. ru (in Russian)
 Ляпунов Александр Михайлович (1857-1918) at www.spbu.ru (in Russian)
 Ляпунов Александр Михайлович at www-mechmath. univer. kharkov. ua (in Russian)
  <mask><mask> = Ляпунов Александр Михайлович  alive at scholar.google.com (live citations)

1857 births
1918 suicides
19th-century Russian mathematicians
Ukrainian mathematicians
20th-century Russian mathematicians
Chaos theorists
Control theorists
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
People from Yaroslavl
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Suicides by firearm in the Soviet Union
Suicides by firearm in Ukraine
Aleksandr
1918 deaths

masks:
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov
Mikhail Lyapunov
Sergei Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lyapunov
Sergei Lyapunov
. Lyapunov
Aleksandr Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Aleksandr M
. Lyapunov


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<mask> also known as "Pacho" and "H7", (August 24, 1951 – November 6, 1998) was a Colombian drug trafficker, fourth in command in the Cali Cartel, and believed to be the son of <mask>. Early years

<mask> grew up in the Colombian town of Palmira, in the Valle del Cauca Department. While in high school, <mask> studied technical maintenance, experience that got him a job later in the United States. Living in the United States, he also became a jeweler and precious metals broker until he began selling cocaine in New York City. In 1975, and 1978, <mask> was arrested on distribution charges in New York City for selling cocaine. Cali Cartel
In 1983, <mask> went to Cali, Colombia, to negotiate supply and distribution rights with the Cali Cartel for New York City. He would later open up trafficking routes for the Cali Cartel through Mexico, with connections he had previously established.<mask> also ran one of the "most sophisticated and profitable money laundering operations", according to the United States Drug Enforcement Administration. <mask> was soon promoted to Cali cartel kingpin and given control over Jamundí in the south of the Valle, and Palmira and Yumbo in the north and east of the Valle. The Herrera operation, according to the DEA, involved importing cocaine base from Peru and Bolivia, which would be trafficked via his own transportation to conversion laboratories in Colombia. It is believed that <mask> hired guerrilla forces such as Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia () (FARC) and then guerrilla group 19th of April Movement (, M-19), to guard remote lab sites. <mask> always kept a very low profile and was never interviewed, and his name was almost never mentioned with that of the other leaders of the Cali cartel. Although it has been argued that he was the source of most of the money involved in the illicit financing of Ernesto Samper's presidential campaign, <mask> himself never spoke of the issue and was never formally involved in the investigation. His name came to light only after a terrorist attack on a football field in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, on September 25, 1990; 20 gunmen dressed in army and police attire opened fire on the crowd where <mask> was sitting, killing 18, but not hitting <mask>.The attack was attributed to the Medellin cartel, and particularly to Pablo Escobar, who apparently blamed <mask> for a car bomb which exploded on January 13, 1988, in the Monaco apartment building owned by Escobar in one of the most affluent areas in the city of Medellín. The war between the cartels shed much of each side's blood, but <mask> took a back role and left the fighting to the Rodriguez brothers. Another attempt on <mask>'s life was made on July 27, 1991, in a summer resort: hooded gunmen wearing pink bracelets shot at the people in the place, killing 17 and hurting 13 others. <mask> was always said to be the main financial provider for the Los Pepes organization, but his name was never officially associated with them. Law enforcement actions
In November 1991, the DEA launched Operation Kingpin, which targeted two of <mask>'s distribution cells in New York City. Through a largescale wiretap effort, the DEA utilized over 100 simultaneous, court-authorized wiretaps on cellular phones. At the close of Operation Kingpin, nearly 100 traffickers were arrested, and more than $20 million in cash and assets, and over 2.5 tons of cocaine seized.In addition, records of transactions and personnel were seized from computers, which information later provided a greater look into the Cali Cartel cell structure. Surrender and death
On September 1, 1996, <mask> turned himself in to the Search Bloc (), a unit of the Colombian National Police. <mask> was the last of the four leaders of the Cali Cartel to be captured. He was sentenced to six years and eight months in prison for drug trafficking charges, which was extended to 14 years in 1998. Once in jail, <mask> reportedly changed his lifestyle and devoted himself to football, becoming the sports organizer in the jail and sponsoring football tournaments. He also began a bachelor's degree in business administration. Although he was supposed to be in the maximum security wing of the jail, <mask> visited the other wings, where he would meet with his lawyers.On November 4, 1998, Rafael Ángel Uribe Serna, 32, got inside the jail and went to the football pitch where <mask> was playing. Uribe was reportedly drunk, but apparently <mask> stopped the game upon seeing him and went to greet him. After hugging <mask>, Uribe took out a gun and shot him seven times in the head. Uribe was caught by other inmates and then taken away by the prison guards, while <mask> was moved to a hospital where he died. There are a number of possible motives for <mask>'s assassination. These include old vendettas from members of the Norte del Valle Cartel, in particular a man known by the alias of JJ, by orders of Wilber Varela, who apparently had been the victim some days earlier of an assassination attempt by the Cali cartel leaders and the collaboration between <mask> and DEA for betraying Orlando Henao, chief of the Norte del Valle Cartel and Varela's boss. Other hypotheses point to <mask>'s long-time conflict against communist guerrillas.The assassin, Uribe, had been a personal adviser of <mask>'s for 10 years and was a frequent visitor. Uribe declared that he had decided to kill <mask> because he had threatened Uribe's family when Uribe was unable to kill Víctor Carranza as <mask> had ordered. These declarations, however, were found unreliable, and probably a stratagem to take attention away from the real masterminds. The most accepted hypothesis is that Uribe was actually acting under the orders of the Norte del Valle cartel who were angry with <mask> for having released information about them, and who had been eager to take up the business left behind after the capture or death of the Cali cartel leaders. Uribe was also the uncle of brothers Luis Enrique and Javier Antonio Calle Serna, the "Comba" brothers, who took hold of the Norte del Valle cartel after Varela died. Uribe himself was assassinated in October 2009. Sexual orientation
In the book, La patrona de Pablo Escobar, written by Colombian journalist José Guarnizo, <mask> was described as "an immigrant who went from being an anonymous Latin mechanic to one of the wealthiest members of the Cartel de Cali" and "one of the few homosexuals who climbed high in the pyramid of the Mafia".At the time, <mask>'s crimes overshadowed any speculation regarding his sexual orientation. In the Netflix drama Narcos, <mask> is portrayed as openly gay. In popular culture
 <mask> is portrayed by Pedro Mogollón, as the character Hugo de la Cruz in the TV Series El cartel. He is portrayed by Daniel Rocha as the character of Gerardo Carrera in the TV Series Escobar, el patrón del mal. In TV series Tres Caínes is portrayed by Mauricio Goyeneche as the character of Hermes Valenzuela. In TV series En la boca del lobo is portrayed by Ricardo Vesga as the character of Elver "Chacho" Barrera. Finally, he is portrayed by Alberto Ammann in the Netflix original series Narcos and Narcos: Mexico.References

1951 births
1998 deaths
People from Palmira, Valle del Cauca
People from Valle del Cauca Department
Cali Cartel traffickers
Colombian murderers
Deaths by firearm in Colombia
Colombian drug traffickers
Prisoners murdered in custody

masks:
Francisco Hélmer Herrera Buitrago
Benjamín Herrera Zuleta
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
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<mask> (born December 8, 1964) is an American actress best known for her portrayals of Lois Lane on the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1993–1997); Paris Carver in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies (1997); and Susan Mayer on the television series Desperate Housewives (2004–2012), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy and three Screen Actors Guild Awards (one as lead female actor, two as part of Best Ensemble), and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. Early life
<mask> was born on December 8, 1964, in Palo Alto, California, the only child of Esther (née Beshur), a computer programmer who worked for Lockheed Martin, and <mask>, Jr., a nuclear physicist and electrical engineer. Her father is of English, Welsh and Irish descent (Hatcher has said that he also has Choctaw ancestry), and her mother is of Syrian, Czech and Irish ancestry. Hatcher took ballet lessons at the San Juan School of Dance in Los Altos and grew up in Sunnyvale, California. At De Anza College she studied mathematics and engineering. In March 2006, she alleged that she was sexually abused from the age of five by Richard Hayes Stone, an uncle by marriage who was later divorced by Hatcher's aunt. She said her parents were unaware of the abuse.In 2002, she assisted Santa Clara County prosecutors with their indictment of Stone for a more recent sexual offense that led his female victim to commit suicide at 14. Stone pleaded guilty to four counts of child sexual abuse and was sentenced to 14 years in prison. Hatcher said she told the prosecutors about her own abuse because she was haunted by thoughts of the 14-year-old girl who shot herself, and feared Stone might escape conviction. Stone died of colon cancer on August 19, 2008, after serving six years of his sentence. Career

1984–1992: Early work
Hatcher studied acting at the American Conservatory Theater. One of her early jobs (in 1984) was as an NFL cheerleader with the San Francisco 49ers. From September 1985 to May 1986 she joined the cast of the TV series The Love Boat as Amy, one of the Mermaid showgirls.It mainly involved dancing and singing as part of the Mermaids show routine, but she had short comedic lines in some episodes, and in one episode was part of one of three storylines opposite a male guest star. From 1986 to 1989, she appeared in six episodes of the TV series MacGyver as talkative but naive Penny Parker opposite Richard Dean Anderson's eponymous hero. In 1987, she played the sensible, intelligent 18-year-old daughter of Patty Duke's lead character in the short-lived Fox comedy Karen's Song, and had a guest-star role in an episode of Night Court. In 1988, she made a short guest appearance in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode The Outrageous Okona as Lt. Robinson. In 1989, she guest-starred in an episode of Quantum Leap, "Star Crossed", as the main character's mathematician/scientist future wife; and guest-starred as a nude beauty pageant winner in an episode of L.A. Law. That year she also made her motion picture debut with a minor role as a young opportunistic actress in The Big Picture, starring Kevin Bacon. She then played Sylvester Stallone's younger sister, a dancer, in the big-budget police action-comedy Tango and Cash, also starring Kurt Russell; it was a critical and box office disappointment.After a short guest appearance in an episode of Murphy Brown in 1990, <mask>'s next TV series role, in 1991, was in the Norman Lear creation Sunday Dinner, a comedy. She co-starred as 30-year-old lawyer in a mostly physical relationship with a widowed businessman twice her age, played by Robert Loggia. The series had a brief run on CBS that summer but was not renewed. She also acted in the television crime movie Dead in the Water (1991) in which she plays Bryan Brown's lawyer's young, attractive temptress secretary, and in the low-budget erotic thriller The Cool Surface (not released until 1994), wherein she plays a young actress who has an ill-fated romance with an enigmatic, unsettled screenwriter. In 1992, Hatcher tried out for the role of Jamie Buchman on Mad About You and made it to the final two choices, but lost the part to Helen Hunt. 1993–1997: Breakthrough
Hatcher made a much-discussed guest appearance on a 1993 episode of Seinfeld, in which her character, Sidra, breaks up with Jerry because she believes Jerry sent his friend Elaine into a sauna to find out if Sidra's breasts are natural or enhanced by surgery. The episode concludes with Sidra saying to Jerry, "By the way, they're real, and they're spectacular" as she left his apartment.<mask> returned to play Sidra in brief scenes in two subsequent episodes: "The Pilot", the fourth season finale, and "The Finale (Part 2)", the series finale. <mask> landed a starring role in the ABC television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman as the Daily Planet reporter Lois Lane (opposite Dean Cain as Superman/Clark Kent) from 1993 to 1997. At the height of the show's popularity in 1995, a picture of Hatcher wrapped in a Superman cape was reportedly the most downloaded image on the Internet for several months. "It's a great shot," she said. "Not so much because it's me. It's just cool looking." Hatcher also co-wrote an episode for season three called "It's A Small World After All" about a former classmate who shrinks and kidnaps her classmate's spouses and traps them in a dollhouse.Hatcher hosted NBC's Saturday Night Live in 1996. Hatcher won the role of Paris Carver (beating Monica Bellucci) in the 1997 James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies. Hatcher was three months pregnant at the filming's start, by her husband, Jon Tenney. A publicist said the pregnancy did not affect the production schedule. She was voted the world's sexiest woman by readers of popular men's magazine FHM in spring 1997 after having been number four in 1996 and was number 15 in 1998; she also made the list in 1999 and 2000. Celebrity Sleuth ranked her as its Sexiest Woman for 1997, the only year it ranked her in its Top 25 list. The Australian version of FHM began a 100 Sexiest Women list in 1998 and Hatcher placed 25th on the list, but she did not make the next list published in 2000.Hatcher also appeared in films such as Spy Kids (2001), and played a villain in two crime dramas, the ensemble 2 Days in the Valley (1996), a moderate box office success, and Heaven's Prisoners (1996), co-starring Alec Baldwin, which failed at the box office. Hatcher appeared in a series of RadioShack television commercials alongside National Football League player Howie Long. 2004–2012: Commercial success with Desperate Housewives

She beat four other actresses for one of the lead roles on ABC's Desperate Housewives, in which she starred as Susan Mayer, a role for which she won the Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy Golden Globe Award in January 2005. Later that year, Hatcher won the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) award in the same category. In July 2005, she was nominated for an Emmy award as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, along with co-stars Marcia Cross and Felicity Huffman. Hatcher again made FHM's world's sexiest woman list in 2005 and 2006, placing at 63 and 81 those years, respectively. The US version of FHM ranked her in its US's 100 Sexiest Woman list five times between its inaugural edition in 2000 and 2007, with peaks of number 7 in 2005 and number 10 in 2006. and she was on the cover of the magazine's February 2005 edition.Hatcher also re-entered the FHM Australia's Top 100 Sexiest Women list in 2005 and 2006 ranking 19 and 50 those years. She made similar lists in the German and Portuguese versions of FHM those years. Maxim Magazine placed her in its Top 100 listing of Sexiest Women of 2006 (a listing they began in 1999) at number 73. As of April 2006, Hatcher was one of the highest paid television actresses in the United States, reportedly earning $285,000 per episode of Desperate Housewives. That year she was one of the three nominees for Favorite Television Performer for the People's Choice Awards and was again nominated for a Golden Globe as Lead Actress in a television comedy program. In May 2006, she released her first book, Burnt Toast: And Other Philosophies of Life. Hatcher performed The Beatles song "Good Night" on the 2006 charity album Unexpected Dreams – Songs From the Stars.On April 9, 2008, <mask> appeared on Idol Gives Back, singing Carrie Underwood's "Before He Cheats". She voiced the Other Mother, a mysterious, button-eyed figure, as well as Coraline's mother Mel Jones, who constantly shows Coraline "tough love," both in the 2009 film Coraline, which received critical acclaim. In 2010, <mask> made a return to the Superman franchise, with a special guest role in the final season of Smallville as Ella Lane, the mother of Erica Durance's Lois Lane. The episode continued a tradition of former Lois Lane actresses portraying the character's mother many years later. Noel Neill appeared as Lois' mother in the 1978 film Superman: The Movie, and Phyllis Coates made a similar appearance on Lois & Clark. A report in November 2010 suggested that <mask>, along with co-star Felicity Huffman, would be quitting Desperate Housewives, but ABC denied the claim. <mask> later addressed the rumors of her departure from Desperate Housewives, saying that "[t]here are not enough adjectives to describe how stupid, off base, and ridiculously untrue this is".However, after the show concluded in 2012, media sources revealed an apparent rift with her co-stars. It has been widely speculated that the cast did not get along well with Hatcher. Eva Longoria, Felicity Huffman, Marcia Cross, and Vanessa Williams gave thank-you gifts to the crew from the show which included a message with their names inscribed at the end, and Hatcher's name was distinctly absent. TV Guide source, William Keck, revealed that "something went down" between Hatcher and the cast that caused a rift, and also observed how Hatcher would physically distance herself from the others during breaks in filming. On her end, Hatcher said to TV Guide that "I will never disclose the true and complicated journey of us all, but I wish everyone on the show well." In 2011, Men's Health magazine named Hatcher #38 on their "Hottest Women of All Time" list. 2013–present: Post-Desperate Housewives work
Hatcher voiced Dottie in the films Planes (2013) and Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014).In 2016, Hatcher had a recurring role as Charlotte, a successful single mother who becomes Oscar's (Matthew Perry) love interest in the second season of the comedy series  The Odd Couple. In 2017, Hatcher appeared as Queen Rhea of Daxam in a recurring role on The CW series Supergirl. In 2018, Hatcher debuted a YouTube channel called Hatching Change. It includes two segments: "Van Therapy" and "Don't Eat 'It' Out Of a Box". Since Desperate Housewives went off the air, <mask>, who was already an active baker, has gotten very interested and involved in cooking including taking lessons at various times. Hatcher became a champion in season 17 of Chopped on the Food Network by winning the Holiday Celebrity episode. She also participated in The Great British Bake Off in the fifth episode of the Stand Up to Cancer series of 2018, which she also won, earning the title of Star baker.Personal life

Hatcher married Marcus Leithold, of Butler, Pennsylvania, on June 4, 1988; they divorced the following year. On May 27, 1994, she married actor Jon Tenney; they had a daughter, Emerson, born in 1997. They divorced in March 2003. In 2007, Hatcher began writing a column for Glamour magazine. Hatcher endorsed Democratic primary candidate Andrew Yang in the 2020 presidential election. Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Honors
 1996: Honored as the Female Discovery of the Year by the Golden Apple Awards. 2011: Nominated — Favorite Online Sensation by the People's Choice Awards.Accolades

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at Emmys.com

1964 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American writers
Actresses from Palo Alto, California
American cheerleaders
American film actresses
American people of Czech descent
American people of Choctaw descent
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Syrian descent
American people of Welsh descent
American television actresses
American voice actresses
American YouTubers
Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
De Anza College alumni
Living people
National Football League cheerleaders
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Writers from Palo Alto, California
Writers from Sunnyvale, California
American Conservatory Theater alumni

masks:
Teri Lynn Hatcher
Hatcher
Owen Walker Hatcher
Hatcher
Hatcher
Hatcher
Hatcher
Hatcher
Hatcher
Hatcher
Hatcher
Teri
Hatcher


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<mask> (born 6 November 1969, Paris) is a French film producer, best known for creating the Cities of Love series of films set in various cities around the world; most notable of those are Paris, je t'aime and New York, I Love You. Education
A graduate of Reims Management School, <mask> demonstrates an early interest in art and international trade. During his studies, he displays a passion for contemporary painting and philosophy (art, law, nature), studies abroad and, while still in his teens, participates in the creation of a Parisian restaurant dedicated to classical music, the Opus Café. Several internships in the US and England give him a grounding in international marketing. This leads him to two years as main buyer for a Los Angeles import-export company specializing in fine foods. This period also gives him the opportunity to work with an independent film producer on the financial set-up of a feature film. Early work
In France in 1994, <mask> spent over a year working on the co-development of European and Asian cinemas, while studying Japanese at the Langues'O.He also attended many foreign markets. His research was sent to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Centre National de la Cinématographie, and became his central theme of research at La Sorbonne University (Strategic Analysis in Cinema). This period of reflection on the industry of film was decisive: cinema needed to serve diversity and peace. He chose his profession: producing world films. <mask> participated in a panel about the Future of Asian Cinema at the Busan International Film Festival in 1997 during which he claimed that the future of cinema would be in Asia, and more specifically in China. The same year, he joined an independent production company whose first project was an international collection of 12 feature films inspired by parables from the New Testament. For this non-denominational project, he represented the company in international markets and festivals, managing relations with the filmmakers, supervising script development, preparing international production and distribution agreements, and built a strong network of contacts and private investors.He raised a development fund, and took his first steps in the industry, collaborating with directors such as Peter Del Monte, Ermanno Olmi, Djibril Diop Mambety, Mira Nair, Liv Ullmann, Fernando Spiner, Im Kwon-taek ou Mikheil Kobakhidze. Cities of Love franchise

Cities of Love is a series of motion pictures illustrating the universality of love in major cities around the world. Each episode is a collective feature film composed of no fewer than 10 segments – created by directors from around the world. Five such pictures have been completed: Paris, je t'aime in 2006, New York, I Love You in 2008, Tbilisi, I Love You and Rio, Eu Te Amo in 2014, and Berlin, I Love You in 2018. The next episodes will be in Los Angeles, Shanghai, Jerusalem and Venice, before heading to Delhi, Marseille, and New Orleans. Each segment's story line must center on an encounter that bears the hope of love and takes place in the current time. Each segment must contain a strong presence of the illustrated city and a visual identification with the area selected by each director so that the audience may experience its singularity.All the segments shall be woven together by interstitial transitions placed before, between and after each of the segments. The transitions are directed by an additional director. The transitions involve some, if not all, of the characters created by the segment directors and at least one character, specifically created for the transitions, called the "recurrent character". The recurrent character must have an excuse to be found anywhere in the city at any time, and a good reason to connect or interact with any of the segments' characters. The recurrent character serves the unity of the film. The transitions, and the absence of credits inside the film, are essential to the unity and the fluidity of the overall experience. In a final scene, a narrative epilogue allows the audience to watch again some of the segments' characters of the film in a single unifying moment.Paris, je t'aime

In April 2000, the development of the film Paris, je t'aime began with a simple idea: 20 arrondissements, 20 directors, 20 love encounters. <mask>, along with co-executive producer Gilles Caussade determined a production timeline for the project, and little by little put together the principal elements needed for its development and production: narrative development, artistic and technical specifications, material to approach directors and talents, contracts, consistent marketing strategy and international approach to film financing. All these elements are today part of the Cities of Love franchise. The production of Paris, je t'aime began in July 2005 and involved 24 international directors. The film was pre-sold in numerous territories at high levels, and opened the Cannes Film Festival 2006, Un Certain regard section. Directors such as the Coen brothers, Alexander Payne, Gus Van Sant, Alfonso Cuaron, Wes Craven, Walter Salles, Tom Tykwer, and actors such as Elijah Wood, Juliette Binoche, Willem Dafoe, Natalie Portman, Nick Nolte, Gena Rowlands, Gérard Depardieu participated in this film. Paris, je t'aime was the opportunity to give some of the first lead roles on screen to Olga Kurylenko, Leïla Bekhti and Aïssa Maïga, and to produce the first short film of the Coen brothers.New York, I Love You

Following Paris, je t'aime, New York, I Love You is the second episode of the Cities of Love series. Directors of the segments include Jiang Wen, Mira Nair, Shunji Iwai, Yvan Attal, Brett Ratner, Allen Hughes, Shekhar Kapur, Natalie Portman, Fatih Akın, Joshua Marston and Randy Balsmeyer. The film stars Bradley Cooper, Justin Bartha, Andy García, Hayden Christensen, Rachel Bilson, Natalie Portman, Irrfan Khan, Emilie Ohana, Orlando Bloom, Christina Ricci, Maggie Q, Ethan Hawke, Anton Yelchin, James Caan, Olivia Thirlby, Blake Lively, Drea de Matteo, Julie Christie, John Hurt, Shia LaBeouf, Uğur Yücel, Taylor Geare, Carlos Acosta, Jacinda Barrett, Shu Qi, Burt Young, Chris Cooper, Robin Wright Penn, Eva Ammuri, Eli Wallach and Cloris Leachman. In the Diamond District, an inter-cultural romantic fantasy transforms the purchase of a precious stone. Meanwhile, in Chinatown, a desperate artist pursues a reluctant muse. Within an Upper East Side hotel, a sophisticated guest and a mysterious bellboy journey outside of time. After an unexpected night in Central Park, a young man's prom date has a surprising revelation.Traveling towards the Village, two lovers speed by taxi, subway and foot to meet for the first time after what they thought was a one-night stand. In Tribeca, a pickpocket finds the tables turned when he follows an alluring girl. And in Brooklyn, a moment of Coney Island bliss envelops an octogenarian couple. These stories and more are all woven together to form a colorful, lyrical collage not only of the city – but of the deep yearning for love and human connections that sustain everyone within it. New York, I Love You was the opportunity that gave Bradley Cooper's first lead role on screen, and also produced the first short films directed by Natalie Portman and  Scarlett Johansson. References

External links
Cities of Love Franchise website
"Producer <mask> on New York, I Love You", studio daily, Bryant Frazer, 16 October 2009
"Speed Dating With <mask>", Interview, Francesca Mari, 19 October 2009

French film producers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
1969 births

masks:
Emmanuel Benbihy
Emmanuel Benbihy
Benbihy
Benbihy
Benbihy
Emmanuel Benbihy
Emmanuel Benbihy


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Alberto Aguilera Valadez (; January 7, 1950 – August 28, 2016), known professionally as <mask> (), was a Mexican singer, songwriter and actor. Colloquially nicknamed as <mask><ref>Martínez-Staines, Javier; Univision Noticias: La importancia de Juanga, según los intelectuales'  (In Spanish) Retrieved August 29, 2016.</ref> () and El Divo de Juárez, <mask> was known for his flamboyant style, which broke barriers within the Latin music industry. Widely considered one of the best and most prolific Mexican composers and singers of all time, he has been referred to as a pop icon. Having sold an estimated of 60 million records worldwide, <mask> was among Latin America's best selling singer-songwriters. His nineteenth studio album, Recuerdos, Vol. II, is reportedly the best-selling album of all time in Mexico, with over eight million copies sold. During his career, <mask> wrote around 1,800 songs.Among his most recognized penned songs are "Amor eterno", "Querida", "Yo no nací para amar", "Hasta que te conocí", "El Noa Noa", "No tengo dinero", "Abrázame muy fuerte", "Te lo pido por favor", "En esta primavera", "Pero qué necesidad", "Te sigo amando", "Siempre en mi mente", "De mí enamórate", and "Lo pasado, pasado", among others; all of them, performed by him and many other artists. Early life
Alberto Aguilera Valadez was born on January 7, 1950, in Parácuaro, Michoacán, Mexico. The son of farmers <mask> Rodríguez and Victoria Valadez Rojas, he was the youngest of ten siblings. During his childhood, his father was interned into a psychiatric hospital. Because of this, his mother moved to Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and he was put in the El Tribunal boarding school where he remained for eight years. There, he met school director Micaela Alvarado, and teacher <mask>. Aguilera became very close with Contreras, then escaped El Tribunal and lived with him for a year when he was 13.In the same year, Aguilera composed his first song. At 14 Aguilera returned to live with his mother in the center of the town. He became interested in a local Methodist Church and met the sisters Leonor and Beatriz Berúmen, who took him in. There he sang in the choir and helped by cleaning the church. In 1965, Aguilera debuted on the Notivisa (now Gala TV Ciudad Juárez) television show Noches Rancheras. Host Raúl Loya gave him the pseudonym Adán Luna. In the program, he sang the song "María la Bandida" by José Alfredo Jiménez.From 1966 to 1968, he started to work as a singer at the Noa-Noa bar. During this period, he wrote the song "El Noa Noa". He also worked as a singer in other bars in the town. Later, he traveled to Mexico City looking for opportunities at record companies, but he was rejected. He returned to Juárez, where he continued working as a singer. The next year, he tried again to be signed by a record label. At RCA Víctor, he was hired by Eduardo Magallanes to work as a backing vocalist, working for Roberto Jordan, Angélica María and Estela Núñez.In 1970, he resigned because he received insufficient payment and returned to work the bars in Juárez. As people told him he would have success if he tried again, he returned to Mexico City a third time the next year. Not having enough money, Aguilera slept in bus and train stations. At a certain point, he was wrongly accused of robbery, and was imprisoned in the Palacio de Lecumberri prison for a year and a half. During this time, he wrote songs (including "Tres Claveles y Un Rosal" and "Me He Quedado Solo"), which helped him to meet Andrés Puentes Vargas, Lecumberri's prison warden, who introduced him to Mexican singer and actress La Prieta Linda. She helped him, and due to the lack of evidence he was released from prison. Career

La Prieta Linda helped Aguilera at RCA Víctor, where he signed a recording contract.He started to use the pseudonym <mask> (<mask>, in honor of <mask>; and <mask>, in honor of his own father). In 1971, <mask> released his first studio album El Alma Joven..., which included the song "No Tengo Dinero", which became his debut single and his first hit. El Alma Joven... was certified as gold by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON). In 1972, <mask> participated at the OTI Festival, where he sang the songs "Será Mañana" and "Uno, Dos y Tres (Y Me Dás un Beso)". The songs were not qualified to represent Mexico, but they were acclaimed, and later recorded for his second album El Alma Joven II. After releasing El Alma Joven III (1973), <mask> released his first mariachi album featuring the group Vargas de Tecalitlán. The album, titled <mask> con el Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán (1974), includes songs like "Se Me Olvidó Otra Vez" and "Lágrimas y Lluvia".In 1975, he made his acting debut in the film Nobleza ranchera, acting with Sara García and Verónica Castro. Thanks to executive Astronaut Producer, Jon Gordillo, he has become a world-renowned artist. Over fifteen years, <mask>'s fame grew as he recorded 15 albums and sold 20 million records. He wrote and recorded over 1000 songs in a variety of music genre. <mask> established himself as Mexico's leading commercial singer-songwriter, penning in many diverse styles such as rancheras with mariachi, ballads, pop, rock, disco, with an incredible string of hits for himself and for leading Latin singers including among many others Lucha Villa, Daniela Romo and <mask> and international stars Luis Miguel, Rocío Dúrcal and José José who in 1978 achieved international recognition thanks to  Aguilera's ballad "Lo Pasado, Pasado". His lyrics dealt with heartbreak and romantic relationships that became hymns throughout Latin America, Spain, and the United States. In 1984, his song "Querida" (Darling) remained at number one for the entire year on the Mexican charts.He also received a Grammy nomination for "Best Latin Pop Album" for Recuerdos, Vol. II, which includes the single. His work as an arranger, producer and songwriter throughout the subsequent decades brought him into contact with the leading Latin artists of the day, including Rocío Dúrcal and Isabel Pantoja. In addition to recording numerous hits on his own, <mask> has produced albums for Dúrcal, Lucha Villa, Lola Beltrán and Paul Anka. In 1984, he released Recuerdos, Vol. II which one source says is the best-selling album of all time in Mexico with sales of over eight million copies. In 1990 <mask> became the first non-classical act to perform at the Palacio de Bellas Artes.The proceeds from the three sold-out concerts were given to the National Symphony Orchestra. On July 31, 2000, a telenovela titled Abrázame Muy Fuerte began broadcasting in Mexico. Salvador Mejía, the producer, choose to use the song of the same name as its main theme. "Abrázame Muy Fuerte" ended 2001 as the most successful Latin single of the year. For the song, <mask> won two Billboard Latin Music Awards in 2002 for Hot Latin Track of the Year and Latin Pop Airplay Track of the Year; and also received the Songwriter of the Year award. The song ranked seventh at the Hot Latin Songs 25th Anniversary chart. "Abrázame Muy Fuerte" also was awarded for Pop Song of the Year at the 2002 Lo Nuestro Awards.At the time of his death, <mask> was touring the United States and was scheduled to perform at a concert in El Paso, Texas, that same day. He also had four albums which reached number one on the Top Latin Albums from 2015 and 2016, including Vestido de Etiqueta por Eduardo Magallanes, which reached number one a week before he died. He holds the record for most albums peaking at number one on the Top Latin Albums chart in a short period time. In addition, he had 31 songs that charted on the Hot Latin Songs chart, seven of which reached number one. BMG copyright dispute
Between 1986 and 1994, <mask> refused to record any material because of a dispute with BMG over copyrights to his songs. He continued his career in live stage performances, setting attendance records throughout Latin America. By 1994 the copyright dispute reached a resolution under an agreement whereby ownership of the songs reverted to <mask> over a specified time period.After this dispute, which lasted 8 years, he released an album titled, "Gracias Por Esperar," which in English, translates to, "Thank You For Waiting". The record label then selected eleven previously released tracks from <mask>'s catalog in order to release "Debo Hacerlo", the last new song recorded by the artist. Personal life

<mask> was never married. He had six children. The mother of four of his children (Iván <mask>, <mask>, <mask> and <mask>) is Laura Salas. <mask> stated that Salas was "the best friend of my life" ("la mejor amiga de mi vida"  in Spanish). Nearly a month after his death, the news program Primer Impacto discovered that <mask> had a fifth child, a son named Luis Alberto Aguilera, living in Las Vegas.The two maintained a long-distance relationship, primarily communicating via e-mail. The mother of his fifth child is Guadalupe Gonzalez, who worked as <mask>'s domestic employee. On October 26, 2016, Primer Impacto found the sixth child of <mask>, named Joao <mask>, living in Los Angeles, California. Joao's mother is Consuelo Rosales, who also worked as <mask>'s domestic employee. Genetic testing was conducted to assess <mask>'s parentage of Luis Alberto and Joao, with genetic material provided by <mask>'s brother Pablo Aguilera. Although widely assumed to be gay, <mask> never spoke explicitly about his sexuality. As he got older, he became coy with his response towards questions about his sexuality, saying to interviewers "Lo que se ve no se pregunta"  ("what one sees doesn't have to be questioned").On November 14, 2005, <mask> was injured when he fell from the stage at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas, and was hospitalized at Texas Medical Center. He sustained a fractured neck. He was forced to stay off tour and bedridden for eight months. Death

On August 28, 2016, <mask> died in Santa Monica, California, reportedly from a heart attack. <mask>'s body was cremated; his ashes were returned to a house he owned in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, after receiving tributes from the city and Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City. An autopsy was not performed to determine the cause of death. Charity work
<mask> continued to do 10 to 12 performances per year as benefit concerts for his favorite children's homes, usually posing for pictures with his fans and forwarding the proceeds from the photo ops to support Mexican orphans.In 1987, he founded Semjase, a house for orphaned and underserved children located in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. It serves school children between the ages of 6 to 12. Politics
<mask> was a lifelong supporter of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which governed Mexico from 1929 to 2000 and again from 2012 to 2018. In 1994 he stated that "his best friends [were] from the PRI" and campaigned in support of then-presidential PRI candidate Ernesto Zedillo. In the 2000 election he again campaigned for the PRI candidate, Francisco Labastida (who eventually lost the election). In 2015, he wrote a letter to the then-President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto (a member of the PRI), expressing his support for his administration and for the PRI, which he stated, "will never go away". Legacy and impact

In 2015, Billboard listed <mask> among their list of the 30 most influential Latino artists in history, citing his "dramatic performance style" and his redefined concept of romantic Latin pop music.The publication noted <mask>'s appeal among several generations of Latino Americans and artists. In his list of the most influential Latin music artists in history, Carlos Quintana of About.com, ranked <mask> number six for shaping "the sounds of Mexican music" and exploring genres from ranchera to Latin pop. In 1986, Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley declared October 5 Juan <mask> day. He received the Lo Nuestro Excellence Award in 1991. In 1996, he was inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame, while in 2003 he was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame, and posthumously inducted into the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in October 2016. The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) honored <mask> the Latin Songwriter of the Year Award in 1995, 1996, and 1998. In 1999, <mask> received the People's Choice Awards for Best Regional Artist.That same year, he received the La Opinión Tributo Nacional for Lifetime Achievement Award. A statue was erected by Billboard at Mexico City's Plaza Garibaldi in 2001, and remains a popular destination for mariachi performances. In 2009, the singer was honored as the Latin Recording Academy's Person of the Year. He also received his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2002. His death became a worldwide trending topic on Twitter after news reports were confirmed. President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto, called him one of Mexico's "greatest musical icons". United States President Barack Obama also commented on <mask>'s death and complimented his music for "transcending borders and generations" and that "his spirit will live on in his enduring songs, and in the hearts of the fans who love him".<mask>, the CEO of the Latin Recording Academy, said his legacy was "much more than one or hundreds of songs; he composed philosophy" and that <mask> "broke taboos, devoured stages and conquered diverse audiences". Leila Cobo of Billboard proclaimed <mask> as a "prodigal performer" and noted that his songs were "romantic, colloquial, emotional compositions that sometimes rambled but managed to strike a universal chord with lyrics that could apply to many people and many situations." <mask>'s songs have been covered by artists such as Rocío Dúrcal, Gloria Trevi, La India, and Marc Anthony, the latter of whom credits his song "Hasta Que Te Conocí" as the inspiration to launch his career in Latin music. Tribute albums to <mask> have been recorded by several artists including Cristian Castro, Pedro Fernández, Lorenzo Antonio, Álvaro Torres, Los Tri-O, Nydia Rojas, and La India. A television series based on <mask>'s life titled Hasta que te conocí, began airing on April 18, 2016, and the series ended on August 28, coincidentally the same day <mask> died. He was portrayed by Colombian actor Julián Román and <mask> served as the executive producer. Selected films and television shows
1965: Noches Rancheras1977: Nobleza ranchera1978: Del otro lado del puente1979: En esta primavera1980: El Noa Noa1981: Es mi vida2014: ¿Qué Le Dijiste A Dios?2016: Hasta que te conocí Discography

1971: El Alma Joven...1972: El Alma Joven Vol.II1973: El Alma Joven Vol.III1974: Juan <mask> con el Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán1975: 10 Éxitos de Juan <mask>1976: A Mi Guitarra1976: Juan <mask> con Mariachi Vol.II1977: Te Llegará Mi Olvido1978: Siempre en Mi Mente1978: Espectacular1978: Mis Ojos Tristes1979: Me Gusta Bailar Contigo1980: Recuerdos1980: <mask> Con Mariachi1980: Ella1981: Con Tu Amor1982: Cosas de Enamorados1983: Todo1984: Recuerdos, Vol. II1986: Pensamientos1988: Debo Hacerlo1990: <mask> en el Palacio de Bellas Artes
1994: Gracias por Esperar1995: El México Que Se Nos Fue1996: Las Tres Señoras (Beltran/Mendoza/Villa) - Temas y Produccion de Juan Gabriel1997: Juntos Otra Vez with Rocío Dúrcal1998: Con la Banda...El Recodo with Banda El Recodo1999: Todo Está Bien2000: Abrázame Muy Fuerte2003: Inocente de Ti2010: <mask>2015: Los Dúo2015: Los Dúo, Vol. 22016: Vestido de Etiqueta por Eduardo MagallanesTBA:  Los Dúo, Vol. 3TBA: El Divo de Juarez''

Concert tours
 Volver Tour (2014)
 Bienvenidos al Noa Noa Gira (2015)
 Mexico Es Todo Tour (2016, died during tour)

See also
List of best-selling music artists
Music of Mexico

References

External links

Video de Juan Gabriel antes de morir | Más Noticias en La Verdad Noticias
Familiares Golpeaban a Juan Gabriel

Mexican male composers
Mexican male singer-songwriters
 01
1950 births
2016 deaths
Latin Grammy Award winners
Latin music songwriters
Latin pop singers
Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year honorees
Mariachi musicians
Mexican pop singers
Mexican philanthropists
Mexican composers of popular or traditional folk music
Regional Mexican musicians
Fonovisa Records artists
RCA Victor artists
Sony Music Latin artists
Universal Music Latin Entertainment artists
Wrongful convictions
People from Parácuaro
People from Ciudad Juárez
Singers from Michoacán
20th-century Mexican male singers
21st-century Mexican male singers
20th-century philanthropists

masks:
Juan Gabriel
Juanga
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Juan Gabriel
Gabriel Aguilera
Juan Contreras
Juan Gabriel
Juan
Juan Contreras
Gabriel
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Ana Gabriel
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Gabriel
Gabriel Abaroa
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Gabriel
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Gabriel
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Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
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<mask> (born January 11, 1965) is an American singer-songwriter, often known for her work as a member of Neko Case's backing band, as well as for her solo work. Early and personal life
<mask> was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the daughter of a Vietnam War Army veteran helicopter pilot who went on to become a policeman. <mask>'s parents divorced, with her mother later remarrying and relocating to Rutledge, Georgia while her father still lived in Douglasville, Georgia as of 2012. <mask> is the oldest sister in her family. She has younger brothers. None of <mask>'s family are musicians. Because both her parents worked, <mask> and her siblings spent most of their time with her grandmother in her apartment in midtown/downtown Atlanta growing up, where they listened to country music station WPLO.Music was constantly playing in her own home as well. She went to high school in Douglasville, Georgia. Although painfully shy, <mask> eventually auditioned for chorus, going to All State Chorus every year. In addition to being active in chorus and drama, <mask> started singing in bars when she was in high school. <mask> often goes by the moniker "<mask>." She is an avid dog lover, and used to tend bar and tour accompanied by her late dog Augie. <mask> has a Jim Stacy lower-back tattoo that says "singers get all the pussy."After living in Evansville, Wisconsin, for eight years, <mask> returned to Chicago's Humboldt Park neighborhood in 2016. Musical career

The Jody Grind
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> sang with the cabaret, country, jazz, and punk band The Jody Grind (a Cabbagetown, Atlanta, Georgia, band originated by Bill Taft), singing on their full-lengths One Man's Trash Is Another Man's Treasure (1990) and Lefty's Deceiver (1992). The Jody Grind toured with singer Robyn Hitchcock. The group disbanded after two of its members were killed in a car crash. Rock*A*Teens
In the mid-1990s, <mask> joined the indie rock band Rock*A*Teens, another Cabbagetown area band, appearing on their 1996 EP and the 1997 full-length Cry. <mask> played guitar and sang backing vocals in the band from 1994 to 1997. After the release of Cry, <mask> left the Rock*A*Teens and relocated from Atlanta to Chicago.Solo career
Her debut solo record, The Whistle Only Dogs Can Hear, was released in 1996, and contained covers of songs by Will Oldham and Vic Chesnutt. <mask> released her first record for Bloodshot Records entitled Beneath the Country Underdog in 2000. The record, "brilliantly intuitive readings of other people's songs," was produced by Jon Langford (Mekons, Waco Brothers). The Pine Valley Cosmonauts were her backing band. Her second solo Bloodshot release, Because It Feel Good, was released in 2001 and was produced by <mask> and former Sugar bassist David Barbe. At the time of this record's release, rock critic Peter Margasak described <mask> as "principally an interpreter, capable of wringing more from a cover than most people can find in their own material," even though with this release she wrote two songs (with Andy Hopkins) on the record. There was a comprehensive fan club page and mailing list focused on <mask> until 2006.<mask> released her most recent solo record—and first record in 11 years, I Like To Keep Myself in Pain, on ANTI- in 2013. The album is a collection of songs either written for her or chosen for her by songwriter friends Andrew Bird, Vic Chesnutt, Jon Langford, Stephin Merritt, M. Ward, and others. The title track was written by Robyn Hitchcock. For the recording of this record, "a dream-team band" was assembled: organist Booker T. Jones, drummer James Gadson (Bill Withers, Beck), bassist Gabe Roth (The Dap-Kings), guitarist Scott Ligon (NRBQ). They recorded at EastWest Studios (Pet Sounds) in Hollywood, California. As of 2021, <mask> continues to occasionally perform as singer/bandleader, especially in Chicago, often with accompanying musicians such as Nora O'Connor and Andy Hopkins, and with the Flat Five. Collaborations

Neko Case
In 1998, <mask> joined singer-songwriter Neko Case's band, recording and touring with the band as a vocalist.<mask> continued to tour with Case, as of 2014. On her ongoing relationship with Neko Case: "We hit it off immediately when we met. We just spoke the same language." <mask> and Case sing "These Aren't the Droids" on the charity comedy album 2776 (2014). <mask> and Nora O'Connor accompanied Case in the song "Bad Luck", and accompanying video, from Case's 2018 album Hell-On. Decemberists
In 2015, <mask> was a backing singer on the Decemberists' What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World album, and also sang on the tour to support the album's release. <mask> also sang backing vocals on the Decemberists' 2018 album I'll Be Your Girl and the album's subsequent supporting tour.Others' recordings
<mask> appears on records by Mavis Staples, The Mekons, Will Oldham, Matt Pond PA, Amy Ray, Giant Sand, Archer Prewitt, Alejandro Escovedo, Drive-By Truckers, Jakob Dylan, and Tortoise, among others. These recordings include:
 Silkworm – Italian Platinum (2002)
 Jakob Dylan – Women and Country (2010)
 Mavis Staples – You Are Not Alone (2010)
 Alejandro Escovedo – Burn Something Beautiful (2016)

Other projects
 The Flat Five: a "song interpreters" band made up of <mask>, Nora O'Connor, Scott Ligon, Casey McDonough and Alex Hall, typically performed annually at the Hideout (Chicago) holiday show. In 2016 The Flat Five released their 12-song debut album, It's a World of Love and Hope, on Bloodshot Records, and started performing in public more frequently, at the Hideout and elsewhere. Also on Bloodshot, they released a single, of Edgar Allen Poe's "The Raven" set to music, in 2017. The Flat Five released a second album, Another World, in 2020 on Pravda Records. Every song on both albums was written by Scott Ligon's older brother Chris. The Lamentations: gospel duo with <mask> and Nora O'Connor.Lipstick and Dynamite, Piss and Vinegar: The First Ladies of Wrestling: contributed songs to documentary film by Ruth Leitman, her friend (and former landlord from Cabbagetown), about women wrestlers
 The Love Hall Tryst – Songs of Misfortune: mostly a capella British folk music performed by indie supergroup composed of originator John Wesley Harding, <mask>, Nora O'Connor, and Brian Lohmann. Wee Hairy Beasties: children's music group based in Chicago, created by Jon Langford and comprising Jon Langford, Sally Timms, <mask>, and Devil in a Woodpile. They played their first gig together at the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago, and released two albums in 2006 and 2008. The Wooden Leg: jazz band, made up of <mask>, guitarist Joel Paterson, organist Scott Ligon, and drummer Kevin O'Donnell, that played regularly at the Hideout (Chicago) in a three-year-long residency during the first decade of the 21st century. WXRT radio station: For airplay, <mask> recorded a cover song a week for an entire year. <mask> also became one of three DJs for a popular WXRT show called "The Eclectic Company." Discography
A select discography:
 Appalachian Christmas (Cast album) (Theatrical Outfit, 1994)
 The Whistle Only Dogs Can Hear (Long Play Records, 1996)
 Beneath the Country Underdog (Bloodshot Records, 2000)
 Because it Feel Good (Bloodshot Records, 2001)
 I Like To Keep Myself in Pain (ANTI-, 2012)

Compilation contributions
 "13 Nights" – Down to the Promised Land: 5 Years of Bloodshot Records- as <mask> & the Pine Valley Cosmonauts (Bloodshot, 2000)
 "1,000,001" (by The Sadies/<mask> Hogan) Making Singles, Drinking Doubles (Bloodshot, 2002)
 "Hanky Panky Woman" (by J. Owen/L.Johnson) Making Singles, Drinking Doubles – as <mask> & the Mellocremes (Bloodshot, 2002)
 "It's Only Make Believe" (by J. Nance/C. Twitty) Making Singles, Drinking Doubles – as <mask> & John Wesley Harding (Bloodshot, 2002)
 "Chicken Road" – For A Decade of Sin: 11 Years of Bloodshot Records – as <mask> & the Wooden Leg (Bloodshot, 2005)
 "Gotta Have My Baby Back" – Too Late to Pray: Defiant Chicago Roots (Bloodshot, 2019)

Acting career
 During the mid-1990s, <mask> performed in starring roles in the stage productions of Appalachian Christmas and The Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Chilling Tales of the Sea at Theatrical Outfit in Atlanta. In 1995, <mask> played Simon Zealotes in the Indigo Girls' revival of the musical Jesus Christ Superstar. In 2008, <mask> lent her voice to the season 5 episode of the adult animated television series Aqua Teen Hunger Force, Sirens, in which she (as "The B.J. Queen") and Neko Case (as "Chrysanthemum") take the role of sirens who have taken former Philadelphia Phillies first baseman John Kruk (as himself) captive for arcane sexual purposes. In 2013, Neko Case and <mask> performed on Wits, singing songs and acting out comedy skits. Other work
From 1998 to 2008 <mask> worked as a bartender at The Hideout, a music venue in Chicago known for putting on an annual block party in September.Circa 2000 she also worked as a technician at a Chicago veterinary clinic. She also worked publicity for Bloodshot Records. As of 2013, <mask> once again was working as an assistant for her friend, American cartoonist and author, Lynda Barry, helping her arrange her teaching schedule. In one episode of Barry's Ernie Pook's Comeek, children are peering in a window of the Hideout nightclub in Chicago, listening to <mask> Case
 Nora O'Connor
 Pine Valley Cosmonauts

Notes and references

External links

 KellyHogan.com (official website)

 <mask> Here (stories written by <mask>)

American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
American alternative country singers
Torch singers
American alternative country groups
The Minus 5 members
Musicians from Atlanta
Writers from Atlanta
Musical groups from Chicago
People from Evansville, Wisconsin
Bloodshot Records artists
1965 births
Living people
Singer-songwriters from Illinois
Anti- (record label) artists
Country musicians from Illinois
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
21st-century American women
Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
Singer-songwriters from Wisconsin

masks:
Kelly Hogan
Hogan
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<mask> (24 December 1810 – 25 March 1873), painter and illustrator, was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, to Nicolai Jacob Marstrand, instrument maker and inventor, and Petra Othilia Smith. Marstrand is one of the most renowned artists belonging to the Golden Age of Danish Painting. Early development and academy training
Marstrand studied at Copenhagen's Metropolitan School (Metropolitanskolen), but had little interest in books, and left around 16 years of age. <mask>, painter and professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Art (Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi) in Copenhagen, was a close friend of <mask>'s father, and it was to all appearance Eckersberg who recommended an artistic career for young <mask>. <mask> had already shown artistic talent, tackling difficult subjects such as group scenes with many figures and complicated composition. At 16 years of age Marstrand thus began his studies at the Academy under Eckersberg, attending the school from 1826 to 1833. Although his interests had a firm hold in genre themes – depiction of the daily life he observed around him in Copenhagen's streets, especially middle class society – he would soon reach for the pinnacle of Academic acceptability: the history painting.History painting displayed what was grand – classical themes from mythology and history, rather than daily life. The traditions, and the taste of traditional art critics, strongly favored it. It was therefore something to strive for, in spite of Marstrand's equal skill at depicting more modest themes, and of the enjoyment he had in portraying the crowds, the diversions of the city, and the humor and story behind the hustle and bustle. Marstrand's creative production would, through many paintings and illustrations made not only during the 1830s but throughout his life, never abandon this inclination toward displaying the simple life of his times. At the same time Christian Waagepetersen, wine merchant to the Danish court and supporter of the arts, also became an important patron for Marstrand during this early period. His painting "A musical evening party" (Et musikalsk aftenselskab) (1834), depicts such an occasion at the home of Waagepetersen, and was an important transition painting for Marstrand. Despite an unmistakably growing recognition, Marstrand never received the Academy's gold medal.This medal was coveted not only for its great prestige, but also because it came with a travel stipend for furthering the laureate's artistic training. <mask>'s attempts at winning the medal were unsuccessful both in 1833 with his neoclassical "Flight to Egypt" (Flugten til Ægypten) and in 1835 with "Odysseus and Nausikaa". This was a disappointment, as he had won both available silver medals in 1833. Foreign travel

Gold medal or not however, the Academy did award Marstrand a travel stipend. In August 1836 he began the first of his many travels, going by way of Germany to Rome in Italy, stopping on the way at Berlin, Dresden, Nuremberg and Munich. In Italy, where he stayed for four years, he painted many idealized depictions of daily life, especially festivities. He returned to Italy several times, the last visit being in 1869, and when in Rome he spent summer months each year in the hill towns Olevano Romano, Civitella and Subiaco.He was enchanted with Italy and with the ways of life of the Italian people. He portrayed a colorful, joyous, and romantic view of them, infused with a newfound ideal of beauty. He also painted a number of portraits during this first stay in Italy. Among these are portraits of other travelling Danish artists, such as Christen Købke and travelling partner Johan Adolph Kittendorff. He completed sketches for a large portrait of botanist and politician, J. F. Schouw, which would be later realized as a painting. Career development

Marstrand returned to Denmark at the end of 1841, stopping in Munich and Paris on the way. In Denmark he strove to bring back that which he learned in Italy, and allow it to develop in his home culture.He became a member of the art Academy on 19 June 1843, after submitting the painting "Erasmus Montanus" as his admissions piece. He became a professor at the Academy in 1848. He endeavored to let his students evolve according to their own skills and interests. Among these were the two most renowned Skagen painters Peder Severin Krøyer and Michael Ancher, as well as Carl Bloch and Kristian Zahrtmann. Marstrand continued to travel regularly around Europe throughout his life, to (London, Vienna, Belgium, but especially to Italy and Rome), at times in the company of such fellow artists such as P. C. Skovgaard and Johan Adolph Kittendorff, or of art historian and critic Niels Lauritz Høyen. Marstrand also continued to apply inspiration from Italy in his paintings. He now supplied it with themes from literature and the theatre, portraying scenes from Don Quixote by Cervantes, as well as from Erasmus Montanus, or other plays by Ludvig Holberg.Holberg's works would in fact provide <mask> with an endless stream of inspiration. He also continued to paint genre paintings, and to make sketches, caricatures, and drawings, capturing the spirit of his time with gentle or more biting satire. On 8 June 1850, Marstrand married Margrethe Christine Weidemann, with whom he was to have five children. His family became yet a new source for his art. There are similarities in his portraits with children to those made by Constantin Hansen, a contemporary, friend, and also student of Eckersberg. Marstrand returned to portrait painting with even more seriousness in the late 1850s, depicting some of the key figures of the age, including Constantin Hansen (1852, 1862), Bernhard Severin Ingemann (1860), Grundtvig (1863), Høyen (1869), the architect Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll, not forgetting his earlier portraiture of Købke in 1839. During the 1850s and 1860s, and especially after the death of his wife in 1867, he finally turned to religious themes.He also gave renewed attention to mythology and history. He painted two remarkable great murals for King Christian IV's chapel in Roskilde Cathedral in 1864-1866, both of which have contributed to this popular monarch's enduring fame. He painted an important altarpiece at Faaborg Church. In 1871, not long before his death, he delivered several massive wallpaintings commissioned for the University of Copenhagen's Celebration Hall. This historical, religious, & monumental development added yet an essential dimension to the already broad scope of <mask>'s work. At the same time, during the last ten years of his life, part of his work became very intimate. A series of paintings made during the last 6 years of his life featured a naked woman, while others were deeply religious, more inwardly so than the monumental work.Marstrand was named Director (Chancellor) of the art Academy during two periods: the first period from 1853–1857, the second from 1863 until his death. In 1867 he was awarded the rank of State Councillor (etatsråd). In October 1871 Marstrand was struck with a brain hemorrhage and partially paralysed, losing much of his work capacity before his death in 1873. Posthumous reception
To his contemporaries and a further few generations, Marstrand ranked among Denmark's great painters of all time, to some authorities perhaps as the very greatest. Certainly, he was vastly productive and mastered a remarkable variety of genres – his disinterest for landscape art being a notable exception. More relevant today is the rather striking number of his works which are now familiar signposts of Danish history and culture: scenes from drawing-rooms and streets of Copenhagen during his younger days; the festivity and public life captured in Rome; the many representative portraits of citizens and innovators; even the monumentalist commissions for university and monarchy. Still, as the 20th century progressed, his work had become less valued artistically and downright unfashionable; conversely, recent decades seem to have afforded new appreciation.See also

 List of Danish painters
 Troels <mask> (1815–1889)
 <mask> (1848–1935)

References

External links

 KID Art Index (Kunstindex Danmark)
 Danish Biographical Encyclopedia (Dansk biografisk Leksikon) at Project Runeberg. Madsen, Karl. <mask>. Copenhagen, DK: Kunstforeningen, 1905. <mask>, Otto. Maleren <mask>nd. Copenhagen, DK: Thaning & Appel, 2003. .
 Nørregård-Nielsen, Hans Edvard.The Golden Age of Danish Art: Drawings from the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Copenhagen. Alexandria, VA: Art Services International, 1995. .
  Valentiner, Gitte. <mask>nd: Scenebilleder. Copenhagen, DK: Gyldendal, 1992. .

1810 births
1873 deaths
Danish illustrators
Artists from Copenhagen
19th-century Danish painters
Danish male painters
Danish portrait painters
19th-century Danish people
Directors of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
19th-century painters of historical subjects
Danish war artists
19th-century war artists
Recipients of the Thorvaldsen Medal
Vilhelm

masks:
Nicolai Wilhelm Marstrand
Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg
Wilhelm
Wilhelm
Wilhelm
Marstrand
Marstrand
Marstrand
Marstrand
Jacob Marstrand
Wilhelm Marstrand
Marstrand
Wilhelm Marstra
Wilhelm Marstra