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<mask>, orig. Eustrach ( – 24 October 1974), was a Soviet classical violinist, violist and conductor. Oistrakh collaborated with major orchestras and musicians from many parts of the world and was the dedicatee of numerous violin works, including both of Dmitri Shostakovich's violin concerti and the violin concerto by Aram Khachaturian. He is considered one of the preeminent violinists of the 20th century. Life and career

Early years
Oistrakh was born in the cosmopolitan city of Odessa, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire), into a Jewish family. His father was Fischl Eustrach, son of a second guild merchant, and his mother was Beyle Oistrakh. At the age of five, young Oistrakh began his studies of violin and viola as a pupil of Pyotr Stolyarsky.In his studies with Stolyarsky he became very good friends with Iosif Brodsky, Nathan Milstein and other violinists with whom he collaborated numerous times after achieving fame since their beginnings as fellow students at the Stolyarsky School. In 1914, at the age of six, Oistrakh performed his debut concert. He entered the Odessa Conservatory in 1923, where he studied until his graduation in 1926. At the conservatory he also studied harmony with composer Mykola Vilinsky. His 1926 graduation concert consisted of Bach's Chaconne, Tartini's Devil's Trill Sonata, Rubinstein's Viola Sonata, and Prokofiev's Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major. In 1927, <mask> appeared as soloist playing the Glazunov Violin Concerto under the composer's own baton in Kyiv, Ukraine — a concert which earned him an invitation to play the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto in Leningrad with the Philharmonic Orchestra under Nikolai Malko the following year.In Moscow
In 1927, Oistrakh relocated to Moscow, where he gave his first recital and met his future wife: pianist Tamara Rotareva (1906–1976). They were married a year later, and had one child, <mask>, who was born in 1931. <mask> would follow his father's path as a violinist, and eventually performed and recorded side-by-side with his father, including Bach's Double Concerto, which they first recorded in 1951, and Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante. In at least one of the recordings of Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante, <mask> played violin, while Oistrakh played viola. From 1934 onwards, Oistrakh held a position teaching at the Moscow Conservatory, and was later made professor in 1939. Some of his colleagues while teaching at the conservatory included Yuri Yankelevich and Boris Goldstein. Oistrakh taught Oleg Kagan, Valery Klimov (who later succeeded <mask>'s position at the Moscow Conservatory), Emmy Verhey, Oleh Krysa, Gidon Kremer, Yulia Brodskaya (Julia Verba), Zoya Petrosyan, Jean Ter-Merguerian, Victor Danchenko, Victor Pikaizen, Cyrus Forough, Olga Parhomenko, and his son <mask>.In the 1950s, <mask> invited Yulia Brodskaya to be his assistant in teaching solo and chamber music and Rosa Fine as his assistant for solo students. From 1940 to 1963, <mask> performed extensively in a trio that also included the cellist Sviatoslav Knushevitsky and the pianist Lev Oborin. It was sometimes called the 'Oistrakh Trio.' <mask> collaborated extensively with Oborin, as well as Jacques Thibaud, a French violinist. During World War II
During World War II, he was active in the Soviet Union, premiering new concerti by Nikolai Miaskovsky and Aram Khachaturian as well as two sonatas by his friend Sergei Prokofiev. He was also awarded the Stalin Prize in 1942. The final years of the war saw the blossoming of a friendship with Shostakovich, which would lead to the two violin concertos and the sonata, all of which were to be premiered by and become firmly associated with Oistrakh in the following years.<mask>'s career was set from this point, although the Soviet Union was "protective" of its people and refused to let him perform abroad. He continued to teach in the Moscow Conservatory, but when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union, he went to the front lines, playing for soldiers and factory workers under intensely difficult conditions. Arguably one of the most heroic acts in his life was a performance of Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto to the end in the central music hall during the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter of 1942 while central Stalingrad was being massively bombed by the German forces. However, other sources indicate that <mask> performed in Leningrad that winter. Whether Oistrakh performed in Stalingrad is unconfirmed. International travel

<mask> was allowed to travel after the end of the war. He traveled to the countries in the Soviet bloc and even to the West.His first foreign engagement was to appear at the newly founded "Prague Spring" Festival where he was met with enormous success. In 1949 he gave his first concert in the West – in Helsinki. In 1951, he appeared at the "Maggio Musicale" Festival in Florence, in 1952 he was in East Germany for the Beethoven celebrations, France in 1953, Britain in 1954, and eventually, in 1955, he was allowed to tour the United States. By 1959, he was beginning to establish a second career as a conductor, and in 1960 he was awarded the coveted Lenin Prize. His Moscow conducting debut followed in 1962, and by 1967 he had established a partnership with the celebrated Soviet pianist Sviatoslav Richter. Later years
The year 1968 saw wide celebrations for the violinist's sixtieth birthday, which included a celebratory performance in the Great Hall of Moscow Conservatory of the Tchaikovsky concerto, one of his favourite works, under the baton of Gennady Rozhdestvensky. <mask> was now seen as one of the great violinists of his time, alongside Romania's George Enescu and Lithuanian-born Jascha Heifetz.<mask> suffered a heart attack as early as 1964. He survived and continued to work at a furious pace. He had already become one of the principal cultural ambassadors for the Soviet Union to the West in live concerts and recordings. After conducting a cycle of Brahms with the Concertgebouw Orchestra, he died from another heart attack in Amsterdam in 1974. His remains were returned to Moscow, where he was interred in Novodevichy Cemetery. Distinctions
<mask> received many awards and distinctions. Within the Soviet Union, <mask> was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1942, the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1953, and the Lenin Prize in 1960.He also won the 1935 Soviet Union Competition. Several reputable works from the standard violin repertoire are dedicated to Oistrakh, including a concerto by Khachaturian, two concerti by Shostakovich, and several other pieces. <mask>'s fame and success were not limited to the Soviet Union: he placed second at the Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition in Warsaw, after 16-year-old prodigy Ginette Neveu, and further improved upon that by winning the grand prize in the Queen Elisabeth Competition in Brussels. The asteroid 42516 Oistrach is named in honour of him and his son, the violinist Igor Oistrakh. Instruments
Oistrakh is known to have played at least seven Stradivarius violins owned by the Soviet Union. He initially selected the 1702 Conte di Fontana Stradivarius, which he played for 10 years before exchanging it for the 1705 Marsick Stradivarius in June 1966, which he played until his death. Oistrakh used  bows by Albert Nürnberger and André Richaume throughout his life.Up until 1957, he used a Nürnberger bow. "The André Richaume bow bought by his son Igor Oistrakh in 1957 had filled <mask> with such enthusiasm that Igor made a gift of it." Oistrakh had remarked that this (Richaume) bow  gave him great satisfaction, so much so that when in Paris, he had to meet Richaume in person. Chess
<mask> was an avid chess player in the 1930s, when Stalin's government was actively encouraging its best minds to pursue chess as a hobby. His 1937 match against composer Sergei Prokofiev was a widely observed event in the Soviet Union and is seen as an important factor in the game's enduring popularity in ex-Soviet nations today. <mask> handily defeated Prokofiev in the ten-game match; Prokofiev resigned after seven games. Only one game transcript survives, and it records a draw between the two players.Honours and awards
Soviet
 Two Orders of Lenin – 1946 and 1966
 Order of the Badge of Honour, twice – 1937 and ? People's Artist of the USSR, 1953
 Stalin Prize, 1st class – 1943
 Lenin Prize – 1960
 Honoured Artist of the RSFSR

Foreign
 Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland (1966)
 Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold II (Belgium, 1967)

Recordings
<mask> made recordings for the state classical music label, Melodiya. These recordings were marketing in the west under EMI Records and in the U.S. under Angel Records. He made a few guest recordings with the Philadelphia Orchestra under the direction of Eugene Ormandy. These were issued by Columbia Records. In the 21st century, many of the Melodiya recordings have been reissued by Warner Classics, whose parent company acquired EMI's classical catalog. Legacy
There is a yearly music festival, "The David Oistrakh Festival", from late August to October in Estonia.Moscow International David Oistrakh Violin Competition is a biennial competition for young violinists held since 2006 in memory of <mask>h, organized by the non-profit David Oistrakh Charity Foundation. The competition, supported by Moscow government's Department of Culture, the Ministry for Culture of Russia and the Moscow Conservatory, is a member of the European Union of Music Competitions for Youth. The competition aims to popularize and develop the best traditions of Russian violin performance, and to discover young musicians. See also
Moscow International David Oistrakh Violin Competition

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

A Portrait (in Russian)
Allmusic Discography

Ukrainian classical violinists
Russian classical violinists
Male classical violinists
Soviet classical violinists
20th-century classical violinists
Jewish classical violinists
Stalin Prize winners
Lenin Prize winners
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
People's Artists of the USSR
Honored Artists of the RSFSR
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland
Grand Officers of the Order of Leopold II
Prize-winners of the Queen Elisabeth Competition
Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition prize-winners
Grammy Award winners
Moscow Conservatory alumni
Russian Jews
Ukrainian Jews
Soviet Jews
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
1908 births
1974 deaths
Odessa Jews
Jewish Ukrainian musicians
20th-century Russian male musicians

masks:
David Fyodorovich Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Igor Oistrakh
Igor Oistrakh
Igor Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Igor Oistrakh
David Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
David Oistrakh
Oistrakh
David
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
Oistrakh
David Oistrak


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<mask> (born April 16, 1983) is an American-Azerbaijani professional basketball player for Real Madrid. He also represents the senior Azerbaijani national team. While playing college basketball for the Utah State University Aggies, he was best known for his scoring prowess, shooting ability, shooting range, and endurance. He has the 2nd highest 3 point field goal percentage in NCAA Division I history. He is the Aggies' all-time scoring leader, and also holds 9 other school records. When he finished his college basketball career, he had the 14th most 3 pointers made, and 52nd most points scored in NCAA DI history. High school career
As a sophomore at Evanston High School, in Evanston, Wyoming, <mask> earned a spot on the varsity squad.During his junior year, he averaged 27.4 points, 3.3 steals and 2.8 assists per game. To gain these stats Jaycee shot 20,000 shots that summer with his father the coach of the freshman team. In his senior year, he set the state record for points per game at 39.4. Additionally, he averaged 9.1 rebounds and 3.6 steals per game. During a game against Green River, Jaycee scored 56 points, making 14 of 16 three-point attempts. Jaycee was named the Wyoming Gatorade Player of the Year, as both a junior and senior. <mask> chose to play college ball at Utah State University, in nearby Logan, Utah.College career
As a freshman, after taking a two-year break from basketball, to serve an LDS mission in Chile, <mask> broke numerous school and league records and earned multiple conference and national honors. <mask> was named a Freshman All-American by CollegeInsider.com and Rivals.com. He finished the year scoring 18 points against ninth-ranked Arizona, in the first round of the NCAA tournament. He averaged 14.7 points per game, making 47.6 percent of his three-point shots and 52.3 percent overall. He broke Utah State's freshman single-game scoring record (with 28 points) and season scoring record (with 470 points). <mask> also became the first freshman in the history of the Big West Conference to be named the Most Valuable Player of the league's postseason tournament. During his sophomore season, <mask> continued to break records.On February 2, 2006, versus New Mexico State, <mask> made 10 three-pointers, which broke both the team and conference records. He averaged 16.3 points per game, converting 45.1 percent of his three-pointers (which led the WAC) and 46.5 percent overall. He scored 21 points, to go along with seven rebounds and three assists, against Washington, in a losing effort in the first round of the NCAA Tournament in March. For the second straight season, he earned second-team all-conference honors. By the end of his sophomore year, <mask> was ranked 33rd all-time in career scoring, and 5th all-time in three-pointers made, at Utah State. <mask> continued to increase his scoring in his junior year. His 21.3 points per game led the WAC and was 10th in the nation.He also led the WAC in three-point shooting percentage (43.2 percent), shot 52.7 from the field, and pulled down 6.3 rebounds per game. <mask> had a career-high scoring game against New Mexico St., on scoring 44 points in 34 minutes, shooting 12 of 16 from the field, 5 of 7 from three-point range, and 15–15 from the free throw line. The 44-point mark was the most points ever scored by a Utah State Aggie in the Dee Glen Smith Spectrum in a single game. By the end of his junior season, he ranked 7th all-time at USU for career points, with 1,737, needing only 391 points to pass the mark of 2,127 set by Greg Grant in 1986. <mask> was named to the Associated Press All-American team as an honorable mention. <mask> spent much of the summer prior to his senior year in the gym, practicing his shot. He attempted 23,963 shots, making 20,010 of them.He was named the WAC Preseason Player of the Year for the 2007–08 season, by both the media and WAC coaches, one of the top 15 seniors by SportsIllustrated.com, and a first-team high-major All-American by Collegehoops.net. Among all active Division 1 college basketball players, <mask> started the season ranked first in career three-point shooting percentage (45.2), third in career scoring and third in career scoring average (17.5) (among returning seniors). <mask>'s 32 points versus Utah Valley State on December 20, 2007, propelled him past Wayne Estes, to reach second place on USU's all-time scoring list with 2,009 points. <mask> became Utah State's all-time leading scorer on January 19, 2008, in a game against Idaho, in Logan. He passed Greg Grant on his first basket – a three-pointer – which gave him 2,129 career points. After leading his team to a regular-season conference championship, he was named WAC Player of the Year. <mask> completed his career at Utah State with a loss to Illinois State in the first round of the NIT.He scored a total 2,507 career points, falling 35 short of breaking the record, at the time held by Keith Van Horn, for all-time leading college basketball scorer in the state of Utah. That Utah state record is now 2,720 career points, currently held by Tyler Haws of BYU. <mask> was selected as one of the best three-point shooters in the nation, and along with 7 others, competed in the 3-Point Shootout at the 2008 NCAA Final Four in San Antonio, Texas. The final event of his collegiate career was the NABC All-Star Game, at the Final Four. Professional career
<mask> was one of 64 players that were competing at his first pre NBA draft camp event – the Portsmouth Invitational Tournament – which was held on April 9–12, 2008. After going undrafted, he played for the New Jersey Nets' summer league squad in the 2008 Orlando Pro Summer League camp, earning second-team honors. He also signed contracts to play for the Nets summer team in the 2008 Rocky Mountain Revue in Salt Lake City, and for the Toronto Raptors summer team in the 2008 Las Vegas Summer League.After the completion of the NBA summer leagues, <mask> signed a contract with Teramo Basket, a team in the Italian first division. In 2009, he started playing for Gran Canaria in the Spanish ACB. According to his agent: "Jaycee hopes to develop his combo guard skills this year and sign a contract with an NBA team in the near future". <mask> played for the Boston Celtics summer team in the Orlando Pro Summer League in 2010, and later with the New York Knicks summer team in the NBA Summer League. Real Madrid

In July 2011, <mask> signed a three-year contract with Real Madrid. On July 22, 2013, he signed a contract extension with Real Madrid, that would keep him in the club until 2017. In the 2014–15 season, Real Madrid won the EuroLeague championship, after defeating Olympiacos, by a score of 78–59, in the EuroLeague Finals.Real Madrid eventually finished the season by also winning the Spanish League 2014–15 season championship, after a 3–0 series sweep in the Spanish ACB League Finals series against Barcelona. With that title, Real Madrid won the triple crown. In May 2018, Real Madrid won the 2017–18 EuroLeague championship, after defeating Fenerbahçe Doğuş in the final game with 85–80. Over 36 EuroLeague games, <mask> averaged 9.4 points per game. National team career
<mask> tried to be naturalized by Azerbaijan in the winter of 2011, but problems with bureaucracy were close to keep it from happening. When rumors started to appear about him gaining a naturalization with Montenegro instead, he finally got his Azerbaijani passport in April 2012. <mask> played with the senior Azerbaijani national basketball team in two games of the FIBA EuroBasket 2013 qualification, where he scored 27 points in the team's 79–96 loss to Sweden, and 26 points in the team's wide margin victory versus Luxembourg (95–77).

masks:
Jaycee Don Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
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Carroll


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<mask> bu <mask> (; born 14 December 1965) is a Kuwaiti regarded as one of al-Qaeda's spokesmen. He is married to one of Osama bin Laden's daughters. Activities during the 1991 Gulf War
<mask> who grew up with the Muslim Brotherhood, first gained attention during the 1990–1991 Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait. His sermons denouncing the occupation and Iraqi President Saddam Hussein gained him some degree of popularity amongst the Kuwaiti people. In 1992, he went to Bosnia and Herzegovina for nearly a month to do some "relief services" there. He later joined Muslim guerillas in the Bosnian War in summer 1994. The Kuwaiti government subsequently removed him from the mosque and banned him from giving sermons, as he used to stridently criticize the Kuwaiti government and other Arab governments, then he became a high school teacher of religion.Arrival in Afghanistan in June 2000
In June 2000, he left Kuwait for Afghanistan, where he met Osama bin Laden and joined his al-Qaeda organization. His affinity for public speaking and comparative youth put him at the head of al-Qaeda's attempt to widen its appeal from ultra-conservative and mostly elderly clerics to the general population and especially the youth of majority-Muslim countries; in this capacity, he quickly became the organization's spokesman. Al Wafa
According to documents in the unclassified dossier from Adil Zamil Abdull Mohssin Al Zamil's Combatant Status Review Tribunal
<mask> <mask> was also a founder of Al Wafa al Igatha al Islamia, a charity that the USA asserts provided a plausible front for al Qaeda's fund-raising efforts. One of the allegations against Al Zamil, who was also accused of being a founder of al Wafa, was that he helped <mask>'s family leave Afghanistan around the time of the attacks of 9–11. Al Qaeda video after 9-11
He rose to worldwide attention following the 11 September 2001, attacks. On October 10, 2001, he appeared on two widely circulated videos (first broadcast on al Jazeera television) to defend the attacks and threaten reprisals for the subsequent US invasion of Afghanistan, saying, "Americans should know, the storm of the planes will not stop... There are thousands of the Islamic nation's youths who are eager to die just as the Americans are eager to live."These statements caused the Kuwaiti government to strip him of his citizenship. In 2002, while living in Iran, he posted a statement asserting that al Qaeda has "the right to kill four million Americans, including one million children, displace double that figure, and injure and cripple hundreds and thousands." Alleged connection to the Faylaka Island attackers
According to The Long War Journal American officials assert that <mask> <mask> attended al Qaeda's airport training camp with Anas al Kandari and Faiz al Kandari. Anas al Kandari was a young Kuwaiti who fired upon a squad of marines, killing one, in the Faylaka Island attack in 2002. Faiz al Kandari is another Kuwaiti, who was held in extrajudicial detention in Guantanamo from 2002 to 2008. In 2008, charges were prepared against him to be referred to a Guantanamo military commission. According to The Long War Journal in his book The Martyr's Oath, Stewart Bell asserted Sulaiman <mask> recruited Anas al Kandari and the other shooter to launch the Faylaka Island attacks.Presence in Iran 2002–2013
His whereabouts, as he moved around to escape capture by the United States in the following months, are unclear. According to the Long War Journal, by 2002, <mask> was living in Iran. In July 2003, a Kuwaiti minister announced that the Iranian government was holding <mask> and that Kuwait had refused an offer from Iran to extradite him to Kuwait. In September 2010, the Long War Journal falsely reported that <mask> had been freed by Iran and had left the country for Afghanistan. In March 2013, it was reported that <mask> had spent most of the last ten years in Iran, under house arrest. Presence in Turkey 2013
In late January 2013, <mask> entered Turkey from Iran, staying in a hotel in Ankara. For a brief period, he was detained at the request of the United States, but was released since he had committed no crime in Turkey.At the time, Turkish authorities held him as "a guest" since he did not have a passport. Rather than extradite him to the United States, the Turkish authorities decided to deport him to his home country, Kuwait. Arrest, extradition to the United States, and trial
On a stopover in Amman, Jordan, <mask> was arrested by Jordanian officials and turned over to US authorities on 7 March 2013. He was subsequently extradited to the United States, and housed in a federal prison in New York. <mask> was indicted on charges of conspiring to kill Americans and tried in the Federal District Court in Manhattan (U.S. v. <mask>, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, No. 98-cr-01023). He pleaded not guilty on 8 March 2013.On 8 April 2013, <mask>'s attorneys were considering a request for change of venue, since New York City received the greatest loss from the attacks on 11 September 2001. <mask>'s lawyers sought the right to call upon Khalid Sheikh Mohammed as a witness. On 18 March 2014, this request was denied by a New York federal judge. On 26 March 2014, <mask> was convicted of "conspiring to kill Americans and providing material support to terrorists" and he was subsequently sentenced to life in prison by U.S. District Judge Lewis A. Kaplan. Personal life
He married his first wife Fatima in Kuwait, with whom he had six daughters and a son. He then married an Egyptian woman named Amal, who was detained with him in Iran, with whom he had two daughters, then he married Osama bin Laden's daughter, Fatima, with whom he had a daughter and a son. References

Sources

External links
"Under the shadow of spears", an article by <mask>, translated June 2002

1965 births
Living people
Kuwaiti al-Qaeda members
Al-Qaeda leaders
People extradited from Jordan
People extradited to the United States
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
Inmates of ADX Florence

masks:
Sulaiman
Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Sulaiman
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Sulaiman
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Sulaiman
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghayth
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith
Abu Ghaith


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<mask><mask> is a Canadian academic, author, and professor of Religious studies. He holds the Deans' Professor of the Humanities and the Philip S. Bernstein Professor of Religious Studies in the Department of Religion and Classics at the University of Rochester. Previously, he was the Gordon and Gretchen Gross Professor of Jewish Studies at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York from 2009 to 2012, and, from 2001 to 2009, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada. Biography
The first-born son of <mask> (1927–2013) and Sadie Alley (1936– ), <mask> was born on August 15, 1968, at the University Hospital in Edmonton, AB. His father was a native of Glasgow, Scotland and his mother was born in Fort Simpson, NWT, daughter to Bud and Lottie Mabelle (May) Alley. He also has a young brother, Cameron (1972– ). A first-generation college student, <mask> received a B.A.(hons) in Religious studies at the University of Alberta in 1993. He worked primarily there with Earle H<mask>, Ehud Ben Zvi, and Francis Landy. Following this, he went to the Department of Religious Studies at Indiana University in Bloomington, where he received a M.A. in 1995 and a Ph.D. in 2000 for a dissertation entitled Philosophy's Mythos: Aesthetics, the Imagination, and the Philosophical Novel on Medieval Jewish and Islamic Thought. This was subsequently published as The Texture of the Divine: Imagination in Medieval Islamic and Jewish Thought (Indiana University Press, 2004), which was one of three finalists for a Koret Jewish Book Award in the Thought/Philosophy category. In addition to his coursework at Indiana University, <mask> also spent a year, 1996-1997, at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and then later as a Lady Davis fellow in 2004-2005. He also spent several years at the University of Oxford, in 1999-2000 and then again in 2019-2020, at the Faculty of Oriental Studies.Work
<mask> is a scholar of three distinct, yet interrelated, fields of research: Jewish studies, Islamic studies, and Theory and Method in the Academic Study of Religion. What connects these diverse areas, for <mask>, is the meta questions that govern scholarly production. Working on the assumption that scholarly categories are not natural, but products of often highly idiosyncratic, political, and ideological choice, <mask> seeks to critique such motivations. This is seen in his dismantling of the category "Abrahamic religions." It is also visible in his critiques of the subfields of Islamic and Jewish studies. In terms of Islamic Studies, <mask> has primarily been interested in critiquing what he regards as the overly apologetical and ecumenical approach to the field. This can be witnessed, for example in his two books that take aim at the field (Situating Islam and Theorizing Islam).However rather than just critique, <mask> has also attempted a corrective with his Muslim Identities, which is meant to be an attempt to provide an introduction to Islam in ways that eschews the approaches of scholars like Fred Denny and John Esposito. Writing in the Journal of Islamic Studies, Murad <mask> Hofmann describes <mask>' Muslim Identities as "the very best introduction currently available in English for non-Muslims seeking a sound approach to Islam." However, writing in the Review of Middle East Studies, while Peter Matthews <mask> described the book as a worthy introduction, he criticized the author's uneven tone and reversion to language that undermines Hughe's stated aims. <mask> is also the co-editor of Method and Theory in the Study of Religion (MTSR), the leading journal devoted to the subject. In addition, he was the Editor of the Academy Series, published by Oxford University Press for the American Academy of Religion, and co-editor for the Library of Contemporary Jewish Philosophers. Public dispute with Omid Safi
In the 2012 book Theorizing Islam, <mask> had written critically about the scholarship of Omid Safi, a professor of Islamic studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and other scholars in the academic study of Islam. In January 2014, Safi published a piece on the ezine Jadaliyya presenting his "impressions about the state of Islamic studies in the North American academy."In the course of the article, in which he expressed his concern regarding unreconstructed orthodox Muslim voices entering the American academy, he stated that <mask> and two other scholars had written "pieces attacking and critiquing the prominence of Muslim scholars in the Study of Islam Section." Specifically, he described <mask> book as "grossly polemical and simplistic." In response, <mask> demanded that he "do what the Western tradition of scholarly discourse demands and respond to my ideas in print as opposed to engaging in innuendo and identity politics." He further suggested that Safi may have been motivated by <mask>' position in Jewish studies, adding sarcastically, "[w]e all know that Jews are the arch-enemy of Islam." Books

Written by <mask>
10 Days That Shaped Modern Canada. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2022 (forthcoming). An Anxious Inheritance: Religious Others and the Shaping of Sunnī Orthodoxy.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022 (forthcoming). Religion in 50 More Words: A Critical Vocabulary (with Russell T. McCutcheon). London: Routledge, 2022. Religion in 50 Words: A Critical Vocabulary (with Russell T. McCutcheon). London: Routledge, 2022. Somewhere Between Islam and Judaism: Critical Reflections. Sheffield: Equinox, 2021.From Seminary to University: An Institutional History of the Study of Religion in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2020. Muslim and Jew: Origins, Growth, Resentment. London: Routledge, 2019. Shared Identities: Medieval and Modern Imaginings of Judeo-Islam. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Comparison: A Critical Primer.Sheffield: Equinox, 2017. Jacob Neusner: An American Jewish Iconoclast. New York: New York University Press, 2016. Jacob Neusner on Religion: The Example of Judaism. New York and London: Routledge. 2016. Islam and the Tyranny of Authenticity: An Inquiry into Disciplinary Apologetics and Self-Deception.Sheffield: Equinox, 2015. Rethinking Jewish Philosophy: Beyond Particularism and Universalism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. The Study of Judaism: Identity, Authenticity, Scholarship. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2013. Muslim Identities: An Introduction. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2013.Abrahamic Religions: On the Uses and Abuses of History. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction. London: Equinox, 2012. The Invention of Jewish Identity: Bible, Philosophy, and the Art of Translation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010. Situating Islam; The Past and Future of an Academic Discipline.Equinox Publishing, 2008. The Art of Dialogue in Jewish Philosophy. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007. Jewish Philosophy A-Z. Edinburgh UP, 2005. The Texture of the Divine: Imagination in Medieval Islamic and Jewish Thought (Indiana UP 2004)

Edited by <mask>
Deconstructing Islamic Studies (with Majid Daneshgar). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.Medieval Jewish Philosophy and Its Literary Forms (with James T. Robinson). Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2019. The Future of Jewish Philosophy (with Hava Tirosh-Samuelson). Leiden: Brill, 2018. Library of Contemporary Jewish Philosophy (with Hava Tirosh-Samuelson). 20 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2018.Religion in Five Minutes (with Russell T. McCutcheon). Sheffield: Equinox, 2017. Theory in a Time of Excess: Beyond Reflection and Explanation in Religious Studies Scholarship. Sheffield: Equinox, 2017. Poets, Prophets, and Texts in Play: Studies in Biblical Poetry and Prophecy in Honor of Francis Landy (with Ehud Ben Zvi, Claudia V. Camp, David M. Gunn. London: T & T Clark, 2014. Jewish Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century: Personal Reflections (with Hava Tirosh-Samuelson".Leiden: Brill, 2014. Theory and Method in the Study of Religion: Twenty-Five Years On. Leiden: Brill, 2013. Encountering the Medieval in Modern Jewish Thought (with James A. Diamond). Leiden: Brill, 2012. New Directions in Jewish Philosophy (with Elliot R<mask>). Indiana University Press, 2009.Defining Judaism: A Reader. Equinox Publishing, 2009. Guest editor of two special issues of the Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy (JJTP). Honors and awards
National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), Fellowship, 2019-2020

Bluma Appel Visiting Scholar in Jewish Studies, Dept. of Religious Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Spring 2016

Katz Center for Advanced Jewish Studies (declined), University of Pennsylvania, Fall 2015

Bernard and Audre Rapoport Fellow, American Jewish Archives Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Cincinnati, OH, 2014

Schreiber Visiting Professor of Jewish Studies, McMaster University, Winter 2008

Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), Standard Research Grant, 2008–2011

Fellow, Calgary Institute of the Humanities, University of Calgary, 2008–2009

Schreiber Visiting Professor of Jewish Studies, McMaster University, Winter 2008

Killam Residential Fellowship, University of Calgary, Fall 2007

Lady Davis Fellowship, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2004–2005

Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), Standard Research Grant, 2004-2007. Ruth and Mark Luckens Prize in Jewish Thought, University of Kentucky, 2004

External links
Interviews

 With Craig Martin, Bulletin for the Study of Religion. With Matt Sheedy, Bulletin for the Study of Religion.References

 Reference 1 http://www.myjewishbooks.com/awards04.html

1968 births
Living people
Canadian historians of religion
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Religious studies scholars
Historians of Jews and Judaism
University of Calgary faculty
University at Buffalo faculty
Historians of Islam

masks:
Aaron W
. Hughes
William Hughes
Aaron
Hughes
. Waugh
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Wilfried
Hughes
Wright
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
. Wolfson


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<mask> FRS FRSE (February 12, 1813 – April 14, 1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist, volcanologist, and zoologist. He made pioneering studies of mountain-building, volcanic activity, and the origin and structure of continents and oceans around the world. His zoological author abbreviation is <mask>. Early life and career
<mask> was born February 12, 1813, in Utica, New York. His father was merchant <mask> (1780–1860) and his mother was <mask> (1792–1870). Through his mother he was related to the <mask> New England family of missionaries and educators including uncle <mask> and first cousin <mask>. He showed an early interest in science, which had been fostered by Fay Edgerton, a teacher in the Utica high school, and in 1830 he entered Yale College in order to study under Benjamin Silliman the elder.Graduating in 1833,  for the next two years he was teacher of mathematics to midshipmen in the Navy, and sailed to the Mediterranean while engaged in his duties. In 1836 and 1837 he was assistant to Professor Silliman in the chemical laboratory at Yale, and then, for four years, acted as mineralogist and geologist of the United States Exploring Expedition, commanded by Captain Charles Wilkes, in the Pacific Ocean. His labors in preparing the reports of his explorations occupied parts of thirteen years after his return to America in 1842. His notebooks from the four years of travel contained fifty sketches, maps, and diagrams, including views of both Mount Shasta and Castle Crags. <mask>'s sketch of Mount Shasta was engraved in 1849 for publication in the American Journal of Science and Arts (which Silliman had founded in 1818), along with a lengthy article based on <mask>'s 1841 geological notes. In the article he described in scientific terms the rocks, minerals, and geology of the Shasta region. As far as is known, his sketch of Mount Shasta became the second view of the mountain ever published.In 1844 he again became a resident of New Haven, and married Professor Silliman's daughter, Henrietta Frances Silliman. In 1850, he was appointed as Silliman's successor, as Silliman Professor of Natural History and Geology in Yale College, a position which he held until 1892. In 1846 he became joint editor, and during the later years of his life was chief editor, of the American Journal of Science and Arts, to which he was a constant contributor, principally of articles on geology and mineralogy. The 1849 publication of his geology of Mount Shasta was undoubtedly a response to the California gold rush publicity. <mask> was the pre-eminent U.S. geologist of his time, and he also was one of the few trained observers anywhere who had first-hand knowledge of the northern California terrain. He had previously written that there was a likelihood that gold was to be found all along the route between the Umpqua River in Oregon and the Sacramento Valley. He was probably deluged with inquiries about the Shasta region, and was forced to publish in more detail some advice to the would-be gold miners.He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1854. <mask> was responsible for developing much of the early knowledge on Hawaiian volcanism. In 1880 and 1881 he led the first geological study of the volcanics of Hawaii island. <mask> theorized that the volcanic chain consisted of two volcanic strands, dubbed the "Loa" and "Kea" trends. The Kea trend included Kīlauea, Mauna Kea, Kohala, Haleakala, and West Maui. The Loa trend includes Lōihi, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, Kahoolawe, Lānai, and West Molokai. Following another expedition by fellow geologist C. E. Dutton in 1884, <mask> returned to the island once again and in 1890 he published a manuscript on the island that was the most detailed of its day, and would be the definitive source upon the island's volcanics for decades.<mask> died on April 14, 1895. Family

<mask> was married to Henrietta Silliman in 1844. Their son, Edward Salisbury <mask> (1849–1935), was also a distinguished mineralogist. Publications

<mask>'s best known books were his
 System of Mineralogy (1837)
 Manual of Mineralogy (1848), and his Manual of Geology (1863). A bibliographical list of his writings shows 214 titles of books and papers, beginning in 1835 with a paper on the conditions of Vesuvius in 1834. His reports on Zoophytes, on the Geology of the Pacific Area, and on Crustacea, summarizing his work on the Wilkes Expedition, appeared from 1846 onwards. Other works included Manual of Mineralogy (1848), afterwards entitled Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology (ed.4, 1887); and Corals and Coral Islands] (1872; revised ed. 1890). In 1887, <mask> revisited the Hawaiian Islands, and the results of his further investigations were published in a quarto volume entitled Characteristics of Volcanoes (1890). The Manual of Mineralogy by J. D<mask> became a standard college text, and has been continuously revised and updated by a succession of editors including W. E. Ford (13th-14th eds., 1912–1929), Cornelius S. Hurlbut (15th-21st eds., 1941–1999), and beginning with the 22nd by Cornelis Klein. The 23rd edition is now in print under the title Manual of Mineral Science (Manual of Mineralogy) (2007), revised by Cornelis Klein and Barbara Dutrow. <mask>'s System of Mineralogy has also been revised, the 6th edition (1892) being edited by his son Edward Salisbury <mask>. A 7th edition was published in 1944, and the 8th edition was published in 1997 under the title <mask>'s New Mineralogy, edited by R. V. Gaines et al.Between 1856 and 1857, <mask> published a number of manuscripts in an effort to reconcile scientific findings with the Bible. Among these, he wrote Science and the Bible: A Review of "The Six Days of Creation" of Prof. Tayler Lewis (1856), and Creation, Or, The Biblical Cosmogony in the Light of Modern Science (1885). Awards and recognition
<mask> was awarded the Copley Medal by the Royal Society in 1877, the Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society of London in 1874 and the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1882. <mask> was president of the Geological Society of America in 1890. Named in honor of <mask> Park in Albany, New York, with a fountain/monument in his honor
<mask> (and the nearby Dana Meadows) in the Sierra Nevada, California, US
Dorsa Dana (a wrinkle-ridge system) on the Moon
Danalite, a mineral. Dana Passage in Puget Sound, US
Dana, a crater on Mars
 The Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America was named for <mask> and his son Edward Salisbury <mask>. It recognizes outstanding scientific contributions through research in the mineralogical sciences by an individual in the midst of their career.The <mask> Dwight Dana House in New Haven, Connecticut was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The fossil horseshoe crab Euproops danae

See also
 Howlite
 European and American voyages of scientific exploration
 <mask>'s System of Mineralogy
 :Category:Taxa named by <mask> <mask>

References

Additional sources

 American Mineralogist, Vol. 21 (1936), 173–177. *The Life of <mask> <mask>: Scientific Explorer, Mineralogist, Geologist, Zoologist, Professor in Yale University, Daniel Coit Gilman, Harper & Brothers Publishers, New York, 1899
 Artikel <mask> <mask> in der Encyclopædia Britannica von 1911. Gemeinfrei. David R. Oldroyd (1996): Thinking about the Earth, Harvard Press, ; dt. : Die Biographie der Erde.Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Geologie, Frankfurt a.M., 1998. Johannes Uray, Chemische Theorie und mineralogische Klassifikationssysteme von der chemischen Revolution bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. In: Berhard Hubmann, Elmar Schübl, Johannes Seidl (eds. ), Die Anfänge geologischer Forschung in Österreich. Beiträge zur Tagung „10 Jahre Arbeitsgruppe Geschichte der Erdwissenschaften Österreichs“ von 24. bis 26. April 2009 in Graz.Graz 2010, S 107–125. External links

National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

American carcinologists
19th-century American geologists
American mineralogists
1813 births
1895 deaths
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Wollaston Medal winners
People of the United States Exploring Expedition
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Yale College alumni
Yale University faculty
People from Utica, New York
Scientists from New York (state)

19th-century American zoologists
Presidents of the Geological Society of America
Silliman family

masks:
James Dwight Dana
Dana
Dana
James Dana
Harriet Dwight
Dwight
Harrison Gray Otis Dwight
Henry Otis Dwight
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
. Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana
Dana Dana
Mount Dana
Dana
Dana
James
Dana
James Dwight
Dana
James Dwight
Dana
James Dwight
Dana


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<mask> "El<mask> (born February 26, 1950) has been an American government official and candidate for public office. He was Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Transportation, a city council member and mayor, and a two-time candidate for the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party nomination for U.S. Congress from Minnesota's 6th District. <mask> was born in Princeton, Minnesota and grew up on a farm in Pease, Minnesota, a small, Dutch farming community in central Minnesota. He earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Minnesota Duluth in 1973. Afterward, he enrolled at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary in Evanston, Illinois. He completed his Master of Divinity at United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities in 1977. He served as a United Methodist minister in Blaine, Minnesota, from 1977 to 1986 before being elected to the Blaine City Council and then Mayor of Blaine.He was appointed Minnesota Transportation Commissioner in 1998. Career

Blaine mayor
In the 1980s, <mask> was elected to the Blaine City Council, and in 1987, he was elected Mayor of Blaine, serving until 1996. <mask> was a crucial player in the construction of the National Sports Center in Blaine, a  multi-sport complex that includes a soccer stadium with a track, over 50 youth soccer fields, a golf course, a meeting and convention facility, and an eight-sheet ice rink, the Schwan Super Rink. Minnesota Transportation Commissioner
In 1991, <mask> headed the North Metro Mayors Association, which worked to improve the transportation systems and business opportunities of its member communities. During that time, he gained a reputation as an expert of transportation and infrastructure issues, which led to his appointment as Transportation Commissioner by then Governor Jesse Ventura in 1998. In that role, <mask> worked with Ventura to support aggressive construction and improvement of highways statewide. He worked with the Minnesota State Legislature to create bipartisan support for a regional commuter plan for the Minneapolis-St. Paul area.This plan included the construction of the METRO Blue Line (the state's first light-rail line) and the Northstar commuter rail line. In 2002, <mask> oversaw the implementation of the Mn/DOT 511 service, an integrated internet and phone system for travel information. The 511 service is used by Minnesota travelers to receive information on conditions and amenities. According to Mn/DOT, it is 10 times faster than its predecessor. After <mask> announced his plans to leave Mn/DOT in 2002, the Minneapolis Star-Tribune published an editorial praising his record and service. The editorial noted that <mask> told Minnesotans "not necessarily what they wanted to hear but what they needed to hear. His frequent explanations helped lift the interwoven issues of roads, transit, housing and development to the top of the state's agenda."House campaigns
<mask> has been a candidate for the Minnesota's 6th congressional district twice: in 2006 he was a candidate, but was not nominated; and in 2008, he was nominated but lost the general election. 2006 campaign
<mask> was one of two DFL candidates for the sixth district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2006 election. A former United Methodist minister and manager of the Divisions of Public Services for Anoka County, he ran on a platform that supported jobs, education, transportation and as a socially conservative Democrat who opposed legalized abortion and supported a Federal Constitutional Amendment to ban gay marriage. He had been selected to receive support from the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee and had received the early endorsement of several important labor unions. <mask>'s opponent for the DFL nomination was Patty Wetterling. Another candidate, Scott Mortensen, dropped out in March 2006. <mask> originally entered the race only after receiving assurances from Wetterling, the DFL's 2004 candidate, that she would not run.Wetterling changed her mind after struggling to gain momentum in her campaign for the open Minnesota Senate seat and after getting encouraged by constituents who wanted a DFL alternative to <mask>. On May 13, 2006, <mask> dropped out of the race and endorsed Patty Wetterling after losing the DFL endorsement. Michele Bachmann was the Republican candidate for the Minnesota Sixth District seat, which was vacated by Mark Kennedy so he could run for the U.S. Senate. The Minnesota Sixth District covers the northern suburbs of the Twin Cities and extends northwest across rural areas to include St. Cloud. Bachmann, the Republican nominee, won the election. 2008 campaign

On September 28, 2007, <mask> announced his plans to again challenge Bachmann for the seat in 2008, along with two other announced candidates, Bob Olson and Bob Hill.Following Tinklenberg's entrance into the race, Hill dropped out. Tinklenberg received strong support from unions, receiving endorsements from all of the labor organizations that become involved in the election. Throughout the Senate District conventions in March and April, both Olson and Tinklenberg campaigns claimed having a lead in the delegate count. Closer to the Sixth District DFL Convention, Olson's critiques of Tinklenberg grew sharper. Tinklenberg was accused of supporting the use of taconite tailings in transportation aggregate. Tinklenberg contended that, indeed, he did support the use of western Iron Range taconite tailings in transportation aggregate through a University of Minnesota Natural Resources Research Institute program, which was backed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The University's research concluded that taconite tailings from the western side of the Iron Range were safe for use in road construction, unlike the by-product from the eastern side of the Range, which had been linked to an increased risk to cancer.<mask> reiterated that he would only support the sustainable use of western Iron Range taconite tailings as long as the research showed it to be a safe practice. <mask> was also accused by congressional opponents, including Bob Olson of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor party, of not complying with lobbying registration regulations. Through his work as a transportation consultant, <mask> had been hired as an adviser to a number of counties and municipalities. Because his work required him to have contact with state legislators, <mask> was required to register as a lobbyist in the state of Minnesota. On February 27, 2008, Eric Zaetsch, a local liberal blogger, filed a complaint with the Minnesota Campaign Finance Board. The Board found <mask> to be in full compliance with the law. On April 26, 2008, <mask> received the endorsement of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (Minnesota's Democratic Party), garnering 72% of the delegate support on the first ballot — 12% above the required 60% threshold.Olson immediately withdrew, and <mask> received the unanimous support of the Convention. On the evening of October 17, 2008, <mask>'s opponent, Bachmann, appeared on Hardball with Chris Matthews. She said she was "very concerned that [Obama] may have anti-American views," and called for the news media to "do a penetrating expose" on "the views of the people in Congress and find out, are they pro-America or anti-America?" Tincklenburg's total fundraising before the Bachmann appearance was approximately $1 million, under $720,000 of which was from individuals. Prior to Bachmann's remarks, Democrats had already planned to spend $1,000,000 against the Republican incumbent after <mask> had reached the milestone of raising $1,000,000 on his own. Nevertheless, Bachmann won re-election, by just under 3 percentage points. 2010 campaign
Although he had set up a website for a 2010 run for the seat, <mask> announced that he had withdrawn from the race to allow the campaign against Bachmann to be conducted in a unified manner by DFL supporters.References

1950 births
State cabinet secretaries of Minnesota
Minnesota Democrats
Living people
University of Minnesota Duluth alumni
Northwestern University alumni
People from Mille Lacs County, Minnesota
Mayors of places in Minnesota
Candidates in the 2008 United States elections
21st-century American politicians
People from Blaine, Minnesota
Minnesota city council members
People from Princeton, Minnesota
Candidates in the 2006 United States elections
20th-century American politicians
American United Methodist clergy

masks:
Elwyn
" Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg
Tinklenberg


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<mask> (November 1, 1858 – November 4, 1920) was a Baltic German astronomer, part of the famous Baltic German Struve family. In Russian, his name is sometimes given as <mask> (Людвиг Оттович Струве) or Lyudvig Ottonovich Struve (Людвиг Оттонович Струве). Biography
<mask> was born in 1858 in Tsarskoye Selo – a former Russian residence of the imperial family and visiting nobility, located  south from the center of St. Petersburg. He was the fourth son of <mask> and Emilie Dyrssen (1823–1868) and a younger brother of astronomer <mask>. <mask> followed his family traditions and between 1876 and 1880 studied astronomy at the Imperial University of Dorpat. For his post-graduate research started at the Pulkovo Observatory which was headed by his father. In 1883, <mask> defended his PhD thesis on "Resultate aus den in Pulkowa angestellen Vergleichungen von Procyon mit benachbarten Sternen" (Results obtained in Pulkovo on relation of Procyon with the neighboring stars).Between 1883 and 1886, Struve was staying abroad in several European observatories, including those in Bonn, Milan, Paris and Leipzig. His major influences in astronomy were his father and the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. Between 1886 and 1894, Struve worked as an astronomer at the Tartu Observatory. In 1887, using results obtained during his European trip, he prepared and defended the habilitation thesis titled "Neue Bestimmung der Constante der Precession und der eigenen Bewegung des Sonnensystems" (New determination of the constant of precession and of the motion of the Solar System). Research

A few years after retirement of his father, in 1894, <mask> moved to the University of Kharkov. There, in 1897 he became professor in astronomy and geodesy and director of the observatory. Prior to  Struve, the Kharkov Observatory was not registered within the Russian leveling network and the altitude of Kharkov was based on rather inaccurate trigonometric leveling conducted by local triangulation.It took Struve five years of hard work to include the observatory to the Russian leveling network. In 1912, he was elected as Dean of the Physics and Mathematics Department of Kharkov University. In 1914, he founded a workshop of fine mechanics at the department and headed it for five years. Prior to that, such institutions had been nonexistent in Russia, and foreign engineers were personally invited for precision mechanical work. Struve attempted to build a national school in this area, but with limited success. He himself was a skilled engineer and constructed an instrument for the measurement of "an individual error using artificial star.” This device was invented by H. G. van de Sande Bakhuyzen at the Leiden Observatory and was actively used by Struve. Struve's research was first focused on celestial mechanics, in particular precession and other motion within the Solar System.It then expanded on the study of the positions and motion of stars, in particular single and double stars lying within the angular range of the Tartu Observatory. He used occultation of stars by the Moon to refine the value of the lunar radius. He also determined the apex coordinates of the Sun's movement and was one of the first astronomers to estimate, in 1887, the rotation rate of the Milky Way. On the basis of his observations in Kharkov, Struve compiled a catalogue "Observation of 779 zodiac stars” (1898–1902). Between 1908 and 1915, Struve with collaborators determined right ascension and declination of 1407 circumpolar stars, taking about 11,000 observations for each coordinate. The results were published in the "Kharkov differential catalogue of declination of 1407 circumpolar stars in FK4 system for mean epoch of 1911 year" and "The
results of a comparison of the catalogue of declination of 1407 circumpolar stars and the Fabritius catalogue with the tables of proper motion of 412 circumpolar stars". Late years
Struve was married to Elizaveta Khrystoforovna (1874–1964) and they had two sons and two daughters.Their first child, son Otto, was born in Kharkov in 1897, and later became one of the most famous astronomers of the 20th century. Otto served as a White Russian officer in the losing side of the civil war that followed the Russian Revolution. Therefore, to avoid Bolshevik's repressions, Struve had to move in 1919 to Simferopol where he had assumed professor position at the Tavrida University. He left in Kharkov a collection of about 1400 historical letters involving his father and grandfather, Friedrich Georg <mask> Struve. The collection had survived two wars and was preserved till the present days. After leaving Kharkov, tragedy struck the Struve family with three deaths in the over the course of five months. In the summer of 1920, <mask>'s 9-year-old daughter Elizabeth drowned in front of him.Shortly afterward, his son Werner (1903–1920) died from tuberculosis, and in November, <mask> himself died of a stroke. He was survived by his wife and daughter Yadviga (1901–1924), who returned to Kharkov. Yadviga had taught German at Kharkov Technology Institute, but died in 1924 of tuberculosis. Awards
In 1915, Struve received an award from the council of the Russian Astronomical Society, where he was a member from 1893. The award was given for his work “Elaboration of the observations of
lunar occultation of the stars during the total lunar eclipse” that was carried within a collaboration between the Kharkov and Pulkovo observatories. Citations and references

Cited sources
 Balyshev, M.A. (2021).<mask> <mask> (1858–1920): Development of Positional Astronomy at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory. Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies, 37(5): 269-272. Balyshev, M.A. (2021). Astronomer <mask> <mask> (1858-1920): A scientific biography. Science and Science of Science, 3: 76-102. (In Ukrainian)
Balyshev M. (2007) <mask>novich Struve.Notes historian. Universitates. Science and Enlightenment, 1. P.34-43. (In Russian)

1858 births
1920 deaths
19th-century astronomers
20th-century Russian astronomers
Baltic-German people
Scientists from Saint Petersburg
Astronomers of the Russian Empire
Ludwig
University of Tartu alumni
Kharkiv Observatory faculty

masks:
Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig von Struve
Lyudvig Ottovich Struve
Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig von Struve
Otto Wilhelm von Struve
Hermann Struve
Ludwig
Ludwig
Ludwig
Wilhelm von
Ludwig
Ludwig
Ludwig von
Struve
Ludwig Ottovich
Struve
Ludwig Otto


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<mask><mask> is the former owner of a city sanctioned medical marijuana dispensary in Morro Bay, California. <mask> obtained a medical marijuana dispensary business license, a medical marijuana nursery permit and was a member of the local chamber of commerce. <mask> was compliant with California medical marijuana laws, but was prosecuted and convicted under federal marijuana laws. As of July 30, 2014, <mask> remained out on bail pending appeal. City sanctioned dispensary

In April 2006 <mask> obtained a medical marijuana dispensary business license from the city of Morro Bay. In July 2006 <mask> was issued a medical marijuana nursery permit which allowed him to provide marijuana plants to the members of his dispensary. <mask> was also a member of the Morro Bay Chamber of Commerce.The business operated under strict guidance from city and state officials that licensed the marijuana dispensary for over one year. Raid and arrest

On March 29, 2007, the dispensary was raided by the local Sheriff Pat Hedges in cooperation with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The dispensary reopened a week later with the blessing of Morro Bay officials. The dispensary eventually closed on May 16, 2007, after the DEA threatened the landlord of the dispensary with criminal forfeiture of his property. On July 17, 2007, <mask> was arrested under federal law for marijuana trafficking, and was convicted in August 2008 of operating a drug premises, selling drugs to minors, distribution of over 100 kilos of marijuana, cultivating more than 100 marijuana plants and conspiracy to distribute marijuana. During the trial, his attorneys were barred from referring to the legality of his business under state law. National controversy

<mask> became a national figure in the dispute between state and federal marijuana laws when <mask> and Reason TV published a story and video about <mask>'s case.Other national news networks picked up on the story and <mask> appeared on MSNBC's "Marijuana Inc." Al Roker Reporting, ABC News 20/20 with John Stossel "Bailouts and Bull" and Larry King Live. The <mask> story also appeared in an online article on Time and briefly mentioned in the April 6, 2009, edition of top ten news stories. <mask> and his supporters also staged protests that before the Federal Court House in Los Angeles in October 2008 and February 2009 drawing media attention to those individuals caught between conflicting state and federal drug laws. Trial and conviction

The trial, US vs <mask>. <mask>, began on July 22, 2008, in Los Angeles Federal Court. <mask> was not allowed to mention state medical marijuana laws. The evidence submitted and used by the government against <mask> during the trial was highly controversial and biased. Much of <mask>'s own testimony and evidence was stricken from the record and not allowed to be considered by the jury.On August 6, 2008, <mask> was convicted in federal court on five counts relating to operating his state legal medical marijuana dispensary:

 (Count One) narcotics conspiracy, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a)(1), 856, and 859
 (Counts Two and Three) aiding and abetting the sale of marijuana to minors, under the age of twenty-one, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 859(a), and 18 U.S.C. § 2
 (Count Four) possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
 (Count Five) and operation and use of a drug-involved premises, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 856(a)(1)

Sentencing

In April 2009, Judge George Wu sought but was denied input regarding sentencing from the Obama administration's Department of Justice. <mask> was facing a mandatory minimum sentence of five years or more under federal sentencing guidelines, but the judge applied the safety valve and on June 11, 2009, <mask> was sentenced to a year and a day in prison.The one-year sentence was required because <mask> was convicted of selling to minors under the age of 21. Under California law there is no age limit for the medicinal use of marijuana and <mask>'s conditions of business license issued by the City of Morro Bay indicated patients should be 18 or older unless accompanied by a parent or guardian. Under federal law anybody under the age of 21 is considered a minor. Judge Wu stated that <mask> had adhered to California laws and allowed <mask> to stay out of prison on bail pending appeal. On April 29, 2010, Judge Wu issued a final version of <mask>'s federal sentencing memo. The judge also issued the final judgement and commitment order on April 29, 2010. Judge Wu was lenient in the sentencing and made statements in <mask>'s favor including the following:

Here, there can be no doubt that the present case falls outside of the heartland of typical marijuana distribution cases for a number of very obvious reasons including.Individuals such as <mask> are caught in the middle of the shifting positions of governmental authorities. Much of the problems could be ameliorated - as suggested in Raich, id. at 33 - by the reclassification of marijuana from Schedule I. This Court would, however, agree with <mask> that, .., CCCC's [Central Coast Compassionate Caregivers] operations were conducted not in stealth but publicly and prominently. Indeed, the vast majority of the evidence presented to the jury was obtained from Lynch's and CCCC's records and premises which could have been acquired at any point pursuant to a search warrant which, in turn, could have been procured at any time after CCCC began its operations, since there has never been any dispute that CCCC was openly possessing and distributing marijuana at its store in downtown Morro Bay. Consequently, prior to the California Supreme Court's decision in Mentch, <mask> could have reasonably believed that the CCCC's operations complied with California law because it was acting in the capacity of a primary caregiver. ...before opening the CCCC, he notified governmental authorities including the City of Morro Bay's mayor and city council plus various local law enforcement entities such as the county sheriffs and (according to <mask>) the DEA.Consequently, should any governmental authority have believed that some public safety issue or other societal interest warranted the prevention of any commencement of CCCC's operations, that authority could have sought to enjoin the CCCC from opening. None did. Likewise, <mask> took steps to have CCCC comply with applicable laws such as by obtaining a business license, following federal and state labor statutes, etc. There was no evidence that anyone ever suffered any injury of any sort as a result of Lynch's running the CCCC. <mask> kept detailed records of all purchases, sales and other relevant activities of the CCCC (including the identities and other background information as to its suppliers and customers). As a result, his prosecution was greatly facilitated by his own scrupulous record-keeping. Bond reduction

On Monday May 23, 2011, Judge Wu ordered <mask><mask>'s $400,000 bond reduced after <mask>'s federal public defenders requested the reduction.Federal pre trial officers who are supervising <mask> supported <mask> in his request for the reduction. <mask>'s family posted $400,000 bond to bail <mask> out of federal detention when he was arrested in July 2007. The government has been holding the property and cash for nearly four years saying <mask> is a flight risk. Cross appeals

On June 15, 2009 <mask>'s federal public defenders filed a notice of appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On July 13, 2009 the federal prosecutors appealed <mask>'s one-year sentence insisting that he receive the five year mandatory sentence. It is assumed that the government received permission from the head of the Department of Justice, Eric Holder, in order to file the appeal despite Eric Holder's statements of a change in United States policy regarding medical marijuana dispensaries. On August 19, 2009, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed the government's and <mask>'s appeals without prejudice, meaning they could be re-filed at a later date, pending the final sentencing judgment to be issued by Judge Wu.On July 3, 2012, <mask> filed the official documents for appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On July 17, 2012, Americans for Safe Access and a group of concerned lawyers filed amicus briefs in support of <mask>'s appeal. On August 9, 2012, the government filed for a 120-day extension of time to reply to <mask>'s appeal citing consultations with the Department of Justice, Solicitor General and other federal agencies would be necessary and time consuming. On November 1, 2013, the government filed a brief which was denied by the Ninth Circuit Court. After nine extension requests the government finally produced another brief which was accepted by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On May 5, 2014, <mask>'s public defenders filed an unopposed six-month extension request to file <mask>'s third and final cross-appeal brief he will be able to submit to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The brief is now due November 12, 2014.Lynching <mask>

A documentary about <mask>'s case, Lynching <mask> by filmmaker Rick Ray, premiered at the San Luis Obispo International Film Festival on March 9, 2011. The documentary was released by Brainstorm Media on April 20, 2012. Present day
As of February 4, 2014, <mask> remains out of jail under federal pre-trial supervision on a reduced $200,000 bail posted by his family. In September 2013 <mask> left California and is now living in New Mexico. References

External links

Lynching <mask> at IMDb

Living people
American cannabis activists
People from Morro Bay, California
1962 births
People from Oxnard, California

masks:
Charles C
. Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Drew Carey
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Charles C
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Charles Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Charles C
. Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Charlie Lynch
Lynch
Charlie Lynch
Lynch
Charles
Charlie Lynch


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<mask> (born 1954) is an English writer and editor. Early life
He was born and lived in Buckinghamshire until he went to university, graduating in 1975 from University College, London with a degree in History. Career
In 1976 Darvill-Evans joined the staff of Games Centre, a specialist games shop in London. He became the manager of a branch of the shop, then manager of wholesale sales, selling board games and eventually role-playing games. In 1979 he became employed by Games Workshop, becoming first its Trade Sales Manager, then general manager, responsible for purchases, sales, distribution and magazine publishing. When Games Workshop relocated to Nottingham, Darvill-Evans left the company, preferring to stay in London. He then wrote his first of three Fighting Fantasy gamebooks for Puffin Books.In 1989, he became the a junior editor at W. H. Allen Ltd, initially overseeing the Target Books imprint. He also oversaw the Nexus imprint of erotic fiction for men, redesigning its logo and cover style as well as changing its editorial direction. Target's main output was novelisations of the popular science-fiction television series Doctor Who, and when Darvill-Evans arrived he immediately realised that there were very few Doctor Who stories left to novelise. This problem was exacerbated by the cancellation of the television series at the end of 1989. When WH Allen sold the Nexus and Doctor Who lines to Virgin Publishing, Darvill-Evans went with them. Deciding to go freelance, he was made redundant at his own request, and entered negotiations with the BBC to license Virgin to produce full-length, original novels carrying on the story of the series from the point where the television programme had left off. Launched in 1991, this successful line of novels were known as the New Adventures.Darvill-Evans set down guidelines for the writers, and even wrote one novel himself, Deceit. Other output from the Virgin fiction department during his time there included another series of Doctor Who novels (the Missing Adventures, featuring previous Doctors and companions); a series of novels following the character of Bernice Summerfield; the Virgin Worlds imprint of new mainstream science-fiction and fantasy novels. Non-science fiction lines included Black Lace, the first mainstream erotic fiction imprint targeted at women; the Crime and Passion imprint; Idol, a homoerotic fiction imprint for men; and Sapphire, a lesbian erotica line. Other successes included media-tie in books such as the Red Dwarf Programme Guide, which served as the template for guides about other cult television series, and a series of novelisations based on the Jimmy McGovern-scripted series Cracker starring Robbie Coltrane. By 1997, however, Virgin Publishing decided to emphasise more non-fiction books by and about celebrities. Their Doctor Who licence renewal negotiations fell in 1996, a year in which the BBC was seeking to bring all the Doctor Who licences back in house. Consequently, Virgin's Doctor Who licence was not renewed and instead the BBC opted to launch their own series of Doctor Who novels.In 1998, Darvill-Evans managed among other projects the editing and production of Virgin's Guide to British Universities, and personally supervised the copy-editing and proofreading of Richard Branson's autobiography Losing My Virginity. Virgin closed its fiction department in 1999, with Darvill-Evans departing the company and moving to Southampton. He continued to freelance, writing several Doctor Who novels for BBC Books, amongst various other editing and writing work. In 2001 he began working for the Inland Revenue, subsequently renamed H M Revenue & Customs, and is currently an Inspector of Taxes. Working full time for HMRC has left little time for writing, but Darvill-Evans has maintained his interest in the worlds of cult fiction, in particular Doctor Who and Fighting Fantasy. He has contributed to the following:
     - 2005 - a contributory interviewee for a documentary about author Terrance Dicks included in the BBC's remastered DVD edition of the Doctor Who TV series The Horror of Fang Rock
     - 2007 - short story Home published in the book Bernice Summerfield - Missing Adventures, published by Big Finish Productions and edited by Rebecca Levene
     - 2010 - a contributory interviewee for a documentary feature about Doctor Who books included in the BBC's remastered DVD edition of the Doctor Who 1996 movie
     - 2013 - a contributory interviewee for the BBC Radio 2 documentary Who Is The Doctor? - 2013 - a contributory interviewee for a documentary feature included in the BBC's remastered DVD edition of the Doctor Who TV series The Ark In Space
     - 2015 - the main contributing interviewee for the DVD documentary Mythmakers - Virgin Publishing - Doctor Who Books, published by Reeltime Pictures
     - 2017, 2018, 2019 - panel guest at the conventions Fighting Fantasy Fest, Fighting Fantasy Fest 2, and Fighting Fantasy Fest 3.- 2021 - contributed text and photographs to The Who Adventures, a large-format,  hardback, full-colour-illustrated book that provided a detailed and comprehensive history of the Doctor Who novels and short stories published by Virgin Publishing under Darvill-Evans' direction during the 1990s. Published by Telos Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84583-185-1. Due to retire from HMRC at the end of March 2022, Darvill-Evans hopes to resume writing. Bibliography
Fighting Fantasy: Beneath Nightmare Castle (1987) ()
Fighting Fantasy: Portal of Evil (1989) ()
The New Story of O (translation from French) (1990)
Fighting Fantasy: Spectral Stalkers (1991)
Doctor Who – Time Lord (1991) () (a gamebook with Ian Marsh)
Seven pseudonymous novels for the Nexus imprint between 1991 and 2002
The Image (translation from French) (1992)
Doctor Who: Deceit (1993) ()
Doctor Who: Independence Day (2000) ()
Doctor Who: Asylum (2001) ()

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Alumni of University College London
English science fiction writers
Science fiction editors
People from Southampton
Fighting Fantasy
People from Buckinghamshire
20th-century English novelists
21st-century British novelists
English male novelists
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English male writers
English male non-fiction writers


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<mask>'Auban (1842 – 15 April 1922) was an English dancer, choreographer and actor of the Victorian and Edwardian eras. Famous during his lifetime as the ballet-master at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, he is best remembered as the choreographer of many of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas. After performing as a child with his family, D'Auban continued a career as a comic dancer in music hall and pantomime. He also served as dance master for the Alhambra Theatre, the Gaiety Theatre, London, and, for decades, Drury Lane. In 1868, he began a long association with W. S. Gilbert, staging the dances for most of the original productions of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, including H.M.S. Pinafore (1878) and The Mikado (1885), as well as many other Savoy operas. Between the 1860s and 1909, D'Auban choreographed more than 150 productions, including pantomimes, burlesques, musical comedies and comic operas.He also taught dance to many who became famous performers. Biography

Early years
As a child, D'Auban appeared with his sister, Marie, as Madame D'Auban's "celebrated infant dancers", from 1850 onwards, and continued to appear as part of the D'Auban family song and dance act throughout his childhood. As adults, he and his sister appeared together in a comic dance double act at the Crystal Palace in 1863. They appeared together in a Harlequinade at the opening of the Surrey Theatre, as Harlequin and Columbine, which ran during the Christmas season that year. They repeated their Harlequinade with variations during the Christmas seasons of 1868, 1869 and 1871. Burlesque, pantomime and other early work

D'Auban quickly became popular as a grotesque dancer and "star-trap" performer in London music halls early in his career. From 1865 to 1868, he danced in many of the Alhambra Theatre burlesques and pantomimes under director <mask>ad.He made a sensation in Paris in 1866, introducing that city to the star-trap. According to Hollingshead, D'Auban was the champion of star-trap jumpers, able to spring through the trap, from below the stage, high up in the air in sight of the audience. D'Auban began his forty-year association with W. S. Gilbert in 1868 by appearing in the bill at the opening of Hollingshead's Gaiety Theatre, London, including as one of two mysterious fiddlers in Gilbert's burlesque Robert the Devil. The other was <mask>, elder brother of Willie Warde. D'Auban and <mask> were billed as the theatre's "principal grotesque dancers and pantomimists". D'Auban then acted as ballet-master at the Gaiety, choreographing its famous burlesques, until 1891. In 1870 and in 1875 at the Gaiety, D'Auban choreographed Charles Dibdin's musical farce, The Waterman.From 1868 to 1909, D'Auban arranged the dances for more than 150 productions in the West End, at 30 different theatres. D'Auban married Warde's sister, Emma, in 1871, with whom he also performed. In the 1871 Christmas season, in the Harlequinade section of the pantomime Nip Van Winkle at the Pavilion Theatre, D'Auban played Harlequin, Emma was the "Harlequin à la Watteau", D'Auban's sister Marie was Columbine, and <mask> was Clown. The next Christmas, D'Auban and Warde appeared together as the eponymous Valentine and Orson at the Elephant and Castle Theatre. At the Gaiety, D'Auban appeared in and choreographed Fiz-Gig, "a new pantomimic ballet" in 1874. Comic opera; Drury Lane
In 1876, D'Auban arranged the dances for the Gilbert and Frederic Clay comic opera Princess Toto, starring Kate Santley. In 1877, D'Auban began working with Richard D'Oyly Carte, Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan by arranging the dances for their comic opera The Sorcerer.In 1878, D'Auban trained Gilbert in his dances as Harlequin for the Harlequinade section of The Forty Thieves. D'Auban arranged the dances for the next Gilbert and Sullivan opera, H.M.S. Pinafore, which became extraordinarily successful. For the Christmas season in 1879, he choreographed the extravaganza burlesque of Gulliver's Travels by H. J. Byron at the Gaiety. In 1880, D'Auban choreographed and appeared with his wife and sister in E. L. Blanchard's pantomime of Mother Goose at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. Thereafter, until at least 1909, he was ballet-master and director at Drury Lane, especially of the pantomimes, where he also continued to perform in the Christmas pantomimes. His son, Ernest Henry D'Auban (1874–1941), became the stage manager at Drury Lane for many years.In 1881, D'Auban appeared in and arranged the dances for Robinson Crusoe, followed in subsequent years by such Drury Lane pantomimes as Sinbad The Sailor, Cinderella and Aladdin. In 1880, he choreographed Billee Taylor at the Imperial Theatre, Franz von Suppé's Boccaccio for H. B. Farnie, The Vicar of Bray at the Globe Theatre, and Rip van Winkle by Henri Meilhac, Phillipe Gille and Farnie, both at the Comedy Theatre. In 1886, D'Auban choreographed Vetah, a comic opera with a libretto by Kate Santley and music by Firmin Bernicat and Georges Jacobi, which toured the British provinces in 1886. He played Demonico in Frankenstein, or The Vampire's Victim in 1887 at the Gaiety and arranged the dances. He also choreographed Faust up to date by Meyer Lutz, including his famous ballet music, a Pas de Quatre (1888), that became very popular and is still available today on CD. In 1889, he choreographed Cinderella; Or, Ladybird, Ladybird, Fly Away Home at Her Majesty's Theatre and both choreographed and appeared in Aladdin, and the Wonderful Lamp; or, The Willow Pattern plate and the Flying Crystal Palace at the Crystal Palace. Other later Gaiety burlesques choreographed by D'Auban included Ruy Blas and the Blasé Roué (1889) and Carmen Up to Data (1890).D'Auban continued to choreograph most of the Gilbert and Sullivan and other Savoy Theatre pieces throughout the 1880s and 1890s. These included Iolanthe (1882),Princess Ida (1884), The Mikado (1885) (D'Auban is played by Andy Serkis in the 1999 film Topsy-Turvy concerning the making of The Mikado), Ruddigore (1887), The Yeomen of the Guard (1888), The Vicar of Bray (1892), Captain Billy (1892), Haddon Hall (1892), Jane Annie (1892), Utopia Limited (1893), The Chieftain (1894), The Grand Duke (1896), His Majesty (1897), The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein (1897), The Beauty Stone (1898) and The Emerald Isle (1901). 1890s and 1900s
[[File:D'Auban-Denny-Haddon-Hall.jpg|thumb|right|300px|D'Auban rehearsing W. H. Denny for Haddon Hall]]
The 1890s were D'Auban's most prolific decade as a choreographer, with more than 70 productions in the West End, in some of which he also danced. In addition to the many comic operas that he choreographed at the Savoy in the 1990s, he choreographed a series of musical pieces at the Lyric Theatre, beginning with The Red Hussar (1889), and including La Cigale (1890), Little Christopher Columbus (1893) and others. In 1890, D'Auban played the Beast in the Drury Lane's Christmas pantomime of Beauty and the Beast, and he both performed in and choreographed Humpty Dumpty or, Harlequin the Yellow Dwarf, and the Fair One with the Golden Locks (1891). He and his wife danced in a revised version of The Golden Web, libretto by Frederick Corder and B. C. Stephenson, music by Arthur Goring Thomas at the Lyric in 1893. He was the resident choreographer at the Adelphi Theatre in 1892 to 1893.His other choreographic work during this period embraced pantomime, comic opera and musical comedy, including a revival of the hit comic opera Dorothy by B. C. Stephenson and Alfred Cellier at the Trafalgar Square Theatre (1892), Gilbert's The Mountebanks at the Lyric (1892), The Black Domino by George R. Sims and Robert Buchanan at the Adelphi Theatre (1893) and Gilbert's His Excellency at the Lyric (1894). At the beginning of the transition of British musical theatre from comic opera and burlesque to Edwardian musical comedy, he choreographed An Artist's Model at Daly's Theatre for George Edwardes in 1895. In 1896, he choreographed a revised version of a musical, The New Barmaid, followed by A Man About Town and The Mermaids at the Avenue Theatre, Aladdin at Drury Lane, in which his son Ernest appeared with Decima Moore, Dan Leno and Paul Cinquevalli and Black-ey'ed Susan at the Adelphi. He then choreographed the British production of Lost, Strayed or Stolen (1897) a musical comedy by J. Cheever Goodwin, Woolson Morse and Leslie Stuart at the Duke of York's Theatre and Babes in the Wood at Drury Lane (1898). In 1897, he was also back at Her Majesty's Theatre with Rip Van Winkle, Hansel and Gretel and The 'Prentice Pillar and at the Shaftesbury Theatre choreographing The Yashmak and The Wizard of the Nile. In 1900 and 1901, D'Auban returned to the Globe Theatre with The Gay Pretenders, A Little Supper and Sweet Nell of Old Drury. Also in 1900, he was at the Haymarket Theatre with Sweet Nell of Old Drury and The School for Scandal.In 1903, he choreographed Monsieur Beaucaire at the Imperial, also choreographing many revivals of this piece in London throughout the decade. He choreographed W. S. Gilbert's Harlequin and the Fairy's Dilemma at the Garrick Theatre (1904). In 1905, he first choreographed The Scarlet Pimpernel at the New Theatre, a work that he saw through several revivals. He then choreographed revivals of The Yeomen of the Guard (1906) and The Gondoliers (1907) at the Savoy for Helen Carte. His final productions were Gilbert's last opera, Fallen Fairies (1909) and another Aladdin at Drury Lane, both in December 1909. Dance teacher and last years
D'Auban became so famous as a dance teacher that his teaching style became known as the "D'Auban school". Among his dance students were Alice Lethbridge, Sylvia Grey, Mabel Love, Margaret Morris, Lillie Langtry, Mary Anderson and Letty Lind.He partly inspired the art of skirt dancing. The humour magazine Punch honoured D'Auban in the following verse:
See Mr. <mask>'Auban,
He's so quick and nimble,
He'd dance on a thimble,
He's more like an elf than a man. D'Auban died at his home in Maida Vale, London at the age of 80. Notes

References
Gänzl Kurt. The British Musical Theatre'', vol. 1, Macmillan Press, 1986

External links
1892 Variety performance choreographed by D'Auban
Theatre programme for Carmen up to data noting that the dances were arranged by D'Auban

English male stage actors
English male dancers
English choreographers
People associated with Gilbert and Sullivan
1842 births
1922 deaths
19th-century English male actors

masks:
Frederick John D
John Hoshe
John Warde
John Warde
John Warde
Johnny D


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<mask>Clyde<mask>. (born March 29, 1945) is an American former professional basketball player of the National Basketball Association (NBA). As their floor general and top perimeter defender, he led the New York Knicks to the franchise's only two championships (1970 and 1973), and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987. Upon his retirement from basketball, Frazier went into broadcasting; he is currently a color commentator for telecasts of Knicks games on the MSG Network. In 1996, Frazier was honored as one of the league's greatest players of all time by being named to the NBA 50th Anniversary Team. In October 2021, Frazier was again honored as one of the league's greatest players of all time by being named to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team. High school and college
The eldest of nine children, Frazier attended Atlanta's David Tobias Howard High School. He quarterbacked the football team, and played catcher on the baseball team.He learned basketball on a rutted and dirt playground, the only facility available at his all-black school in the racially segregated South of the 1950s. Although he was offered other scholarships for his football skills, Frazier accepted a basketball offer from Southern Illinois University, saying that "there were no black quarterbacks, so I played basketball." Frazier became one of the premier collegiate basketball players in the country. He was named a Division II All-American in 1964 and 1965. As a sophomore in 1965, Frazier led SIU to the NCAA Division II Tournament, only to lose in the finals to Jerry Sloan and the Evansville Purple Aces 85–82 in overtime. In 1966, he was academically ineligible for basketball. SIU moved up from Division II to Division I in 1967, and Frazier and SIU won the National Invitation Tournament, beating Marquette University 71–56 in the final, in the last college basketball game played at the old Madison Square Garden in New York.Frazier was named Most Valuable Player of the 1967 tournament. Professional career

New York Knicks

1967–1969: Career beginnings
Frazier was drafted fifth overall by the New York Knicks, going on to average 9.0 points per game and be named to the NBA All-Rookie Team during the 1967–68 season. During his rookie season with the Knicks, he picked up the nickname "Clyde" because he wore a fedora similar to that of Warren Beatty, who played Clyde Barrow in the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde. As a sophomore, Frazier's 17.5 points, 7.9 assists, and 6.2 rebounds per game averages made him one of the most improved players in the league. 1969–70: Breakthrough year and first NBA championship

On October 30, 1969, Frazier recorded 43 points to go along with 9 rebounds and 5 assists in a 123–110 win over the Houston Rockets. Frazier was chosen as an NBA All-Star during the 1969–70 season, the first of seven selections during his 10-year stint with the Knicks. The Knicks made it to the 1970 NBA Finals thanks to the great play of both Frazier and star teammate Willis Reed.However, in game five, Reed suffered a painful  leg injury. With Reed out, chances of the Knicks winning the championship were slim. However, Reed returned to the series, playing the first two minutes of game seven and scoring its  first two points before limping off. With Reed out, Frazier went on to post one of the greatest performances in NBA playoff history, tallying 36 points, seven rebounds, 19 assists, and six steals in leading New York to victory. ESPN is one of the many sports sites to call it the greatest game seven ever. 1970–1977

The Knicks were unable to repeat as champions in 1971, falling to the Baltimore Bullets and their star shooting guard Earl Monroe in the second round of the playoffs despite Frazier's 20.4 points per game average during the second series. During the off-season, in May 1971, Frazier scored 26 points and was named MVP of an exhibition game played between NBA and ABA All-Stars in Houston's Astrodome.Following the 1970–71 season, the Knicks traded for Monroe, who was always difficult for Frazier to guard. Not many people thought the two players’ styles would mesh, but Monroe and Frazier soon became one of the best backcourts in the league, even earning the nickname the "Rolls Royce" backcourt. The Knicks returned to the NBA Finals in 1972, but fell to the Los Angeles Lakers, who completed a record-setting season with an NBA championship. Frazier led the Knicks to a second NBA championship in 1973, topping the Lakers in a five-game series. His defense on Jerry West played a major role in defeating the star-filled team. In 1976, Frazier was selected for his seventh and final NBA All-Star Game. Frazier held Knicks franchise records for most games (759), minutes played (28,995), field goals attempted (11,669), field goals made (5,736), free throws attempted (4,017), free throws made (3,145), assists (4,791) and points (14,617).Patrick Ewing eventually broke most of those records, but Frazier's assists record still stands. Cleveland Cavaliers
Frazier was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers after the 1976–77 season for the younger Jim Cleamons. The trade left the NBA world stunned, as many people were furious that New York was willing to let go of arguably the greatest player in franchise history. Frazier played only 66 games over the course of three seasons with the Cavaliers. He retired midway through the 1979–80 season, when he only played 3 games and averaged career-lows of 3.3 points and 2.7 assists before being waived. Honors
 Won 2 NBA championships (, ) with the New York Knicks. 7× NBA All-Star (1970–1976)
 NBA All-Star Game MVP (1975)
 Frazier's no.10 jersey was retired by the New York Knicks on December 15, 1979. Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987
 Named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996. In September 2012, Frazier was honored by the Ride of Fame and a double-decker tour bus in New York City was dedicated to him. Elected to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team in 2021. The website Clyde So Fly catalogs and grades every suit he wears while broadcasting New York Knicks games on the MSG Network. Frazier also has a line of Puma sneakers named after him. The promotional material references Frazier's "signature colorful style".Personal life
Frazier lives in Harlem with his long-term girlfriend, Patricia James, and they also have a home in St. Croix. He is the father of a son referred to both as <mask>. and, later, <mask>. Frazier is a member of the fraternity Alpha Phi Alpha. References

External links

 NBA Encyclopedia
 Basketball Hall of Fame profile
 Georgia Sports Hall of Fame
 <mask>er (in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)

1945 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
American people of United States Virgin Islands descent
Basketball players from Atlanta
Cleveland Cavaliers players
National Basketball Association All-Stars
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
New York Knicks announcers
New York Knicks draft picks
New York Knicks players
Point guards
Southern Illinois Salukis men's basketball players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Walter "
" Frazier Jr
Walt Jr
Walt III
Walt Frazi