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<mask>, DMA (né <mask>.; July 11, 1935 – April 17, 2019) was an American virtuoso classical saxophonist and influential professor of saxophone at Northwestern University. Hemke helped raise the popularity of classical saxophone, particularly among leading American composers and helped raise the recognition of classical saxophone in solo, chamber, and major orchestral repertoire. For a half century, from 1962 to 2012, <mask> was a full-time faculty music educator at Northwestern University's Bienen School of Music. In 2002, <mask> was named Associate Dean Emeritus of the School of Music. <mask> retired from Northwestern University in 2012. From the start of his career in the early 1960s, building on the achievements of earlier influential American teachers of classical saxophone — including those of Larry Teal, Joseph Allard, Cecil Leeson, Sigurd Raschèr, and Vincent Abato — Hemke, and a handful of peer American saxophonists — including Eugene Rousseau and Donald Sinta — helped build American saxophone repertoire through composers that included Muczynski, Creston, Stein, Heiden, and Karlins. Journalist and author Michael Segell, in his 2005 book, The Devil's Horn, called Hemke "The Dean of Saxophone Education in America."<mask> died on April 17, 2019. Formal education

From 1955 to 1956, Hemke studied saxophone with Marcel Mule at the Paris Conservatoire National de Musique et de Declamation, earning in 1956 the Premier Prix diploma. <mask> holds the distinction of being the first American saxophonist to earn a Premier Prix diploma from the Paris Conservatory. In 1958, Hemke earned a Bachelor of Science degree in music education from University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. In 1962, he earned a Master of Music degree from the Eastman School of Music. In 1975, Hemke earned an A.Mus.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.In primary and secondary school, until the start of college, Hemke studied saxophone with Eddie Schmidt, a jobbing teacher, band director in Milwaukee, and a close friend of Ralph Joseph Hermann (1914–1994) — musician, composer, songwriter, and music publisher. Hemke was highly influenced by Schmidt's recording of Marcel Mule — and also of his recordings of Al Gallodoro, and Freddy Gardner. At the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Hemke studied with Jay Morton, teacher of woodwinds. Hemke did not have a formal saxophone teacher at Eastman, but while there, studied reeds with clarinetist Stanley Hasty (1920–2011), flute repertoire with Joseph Mariano (1911–2007), and oboe repertoire with Robert Sprenkle (1914–1988). Teaching career
Hemke taught saxophone at Northwestern's School of Music for fifty years. He began in 1962 as a teaching associate. In 1964 he became an assistant professor and was appointed chairman of the newly formed Winds and Percussion Instruments Department.In 1967 <mask> was elevated to associate professor; on September 1, 1975, Full Professor; and on September 1, 1991, chairman of the Department of Music Performance Studies at the School of Music. Hemke served as senior associate dean for administration in the School of Music from 1995 to 2001. In 2002, <mask> was named the Louis and Elsie Snydacker Eckstein Professor of Music and also named associate dean emeritus of the School of Music. He retired from full-time teaching in 2012. As a music educator in higher education, Hemke has taught hundreds of saxophonists, many of whom have flourished as performing artists and music educators of international rank. Rico Reeds began making the brand in 1982. Hemke was an artist-clinician for The Selmer Company, the North American distributor of saxophones made in France by the Paris firm, Henri Selmer Paris.In 1979 <mask> was host for the Sixth World Saxophone Congress held at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Performing career
<mask> was an internationally acclaimed saxophone artist. <mask> has appeared extensively as a solo artist and has given master classes and lectures in the United States, Canada, Scandinavia, and the Far East. He performed with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and many other orchestras. He premiered several works for saxophone, including Allan Pettersson's Symphony No. 16 (February 24, 1983) and James Di Pasquale's Sonata for tenor saxophone. Di Pasquale, a prolific composer, had studied saxophone with <mask> and Sigurd Rascher.Selected performances
 Hemke made his New York debut on April 16, 1962, at the Town Hall, a storied concert venue that had its first-ever classical saxophone performance on February 5, 1937 — by Cecil Leeson. Hemke performed compositions by Pascal, Lantier, Rueff, Hartley, and Stein and arrangements by Mule of Bach and Leclair. Premier, February 27, 2014, Augusta Read Thomas, Hemke Concerto, Prisms of Light, for solo alto saxophone and orchestra
 "Illuminations" ()
 "Sunrise Ballad"
 "Chasing Radiance"
 "Solar Rings"
 Hemke, saxophone, with the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, William Boughton conducting
 Recorded at Woolsey Hall, New Haven, Connecticut, February 27, 2014
 Commissioned as a retirement gift to <mask> by current and former students; the composer, Thomas, had been Hemke's colleague at Northwestern
 From the album, A Portrait of Augusta Read Thomas, Nimbus Records (CD) (2014);

Advocacy for B tenor saxophone
In a traditional modern saxophone quartet — B soprano, E alto, B tenor, and E baritone saxophone — repertoire and popularity for solo classical was, and still is, dominated by B soprano and E alto saxophone. Bucking the trend, Hemke spent time focusing on the B tenor as a classical solo instrument, as evidenced by the release of his 1971 solo album, Music for Tenor Saxophone. In orchestral music, the tenor is known as one of the three saxophone voices in Ravel's Boléro — originally performed by two saxophonists, one on E sopranino and one on tenor doubling on B soprano. Recordings by tenor saxophone virtuoso James Houlik and others notwithstanding, classical tenor saxophone recordings make up a small portion of the classical saxophone repertoire and discography universe. Symphony No.Awards and honors

<mask>'s saxophone and accessories
Hemke had been a primary design consultant for the S-80 mouthpiece manufactured by Henri Selmer Paris. For alto saxophone, Hemke uses a custom version of the S-80. The mouthpiece is metal with a square chamber. The Selmer Mark VII E alto and B tenor saxophones, introduced in 1974, were designed in consultation with Hemke. Miscellaneous
 For research, while in grad school at Eastman, Hemke had borrowed from H. & A. Selmer one of the world's original saxophones made by Adolphe Sax around 1860. On September 17, 1960, a custodian unwittingly stuffed a cardboard box containing the instrument into an incinerator and completely destroyed it. The only other one in existence was in a Paris museum.<mask> has been a lifelong visual artist. His works are in the Regenstein Hall of Music at Northwestern University and on the covers of his albums.

masks:
Fred Hemke
Frederick Leroy Hemke Jr
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Hemke
Fred Hemke
Hemke
Hemke


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<mask> (born December 24, 1938) is an American painter closely associated with the Photorealist movement. He is best known for his detailed paintings of American roadside diners and eateries. Early life

<mask> was born in 1938 in South Bend, Indiana, but was raised in Atlanta, Georgia. The interest in small towns across America began when he was young by photographing old cars and other relics with a Baby Brownie camera. While attending Auburn University in the late 1950s, he made frequent trips between Atlanta and Alabama, which drew his attention to rural landscapes and roadside diners. Early years

He started working as an art director in Atlanta for a branch of a New York advertising agency in 1960, and subsequently moved to New York City in 1964. He went on to have a successful career in advertising through the early 1970s, while continuing to paint, draw and photograph on his own time.One of his ad agency offices in New York City was located near the Museum of Modern Art. The museum's photograph department became a source of inspiration for him, especially the work of artists such as Berenice Abbott, Walker Evans, Ben Shahn, and other photographers of the Farm Security Administration. In the late 1960s he also started collecting postcards of roadside America such as diners, gas stations, campsites, and motels. Artistic career

Baeder left the advertising field in 1972 to pursue his artistic career full-time. The same year, OK Harris Gallery in New York began exhibiting his artworks. Since then, he has had more than thirty solo exhibitions at art galleries such as OK Harris Gallery in New York; Modernism Gallery in San Francisco, Thomas Paul Fine Art in Los Angeles and Cumberland Gallery in Nashville, as well as a traveling retrospective exhibition titled “Pleasant Journeys and Good Eats along The Way,” which started at the Morris Museum of Art in Augusta, Georgia in December 2007. His work includes oil paintings, watercolors and photographs and can be found in the permanent collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, the Norton Museum of Art, the Denver Art Museum, the Milwaukee Art Museum, the High Museum of Art, the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Cheekwood Museum of Art, the Tennessee State Museum, the Yale University Art Gallery, the Art Museum of Southeast Texas, and the Morris Museum of Art among others.According to <mask>, “<mask>r is much more than a painter of diners. He is a knowledgeable and deeply committed chronicler of that rapidly disappearing facet of American vernacular architecture that has played such a unique role in our social and cultural history.” Vincent Scully, professor of the History of Art in Architecture and author, further comments on Baeder's visual style in his introduction to Diners, 1978, stating that his "paintings seem to me to differ from most of those of his brilliant Magic-Realist contemporaries in that they are gentle, lyrical, and deeply in love with their subjects. Most of the painters of the contemporary Pop scene blow our minds with massive disjunctions, explosive changes of scale, and special kind of wink-less visual focus. Baeder does not employ any of those devices. He sees everything as its own size in its proper environment. His diners fit into their urban context like modest folk heroes." Baeder is the recipient of the Tennessee Governor's Distinguished Artist Award in 2009.He lives and works in Nashville, Tennessee. See also
List of Auburn University people
Edward Kurstak Art Gallery

Notes

Sources and further reading

Books and catalogues
Baeder, <mask>, Diners. With an introduction by Vincent Scully. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1978. Baeder, <mask>, Diners; Revised and Updated. With a foreword by <mask> and a preface by Vincent Scully. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1995.<mask>, <mask>, Sign Language: Street Signs as Folk Art. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1996. <mask>, <mask>, Gas, Food, and Lodging. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1982. Frank, Peter, <mask>r’s American Roadside: Early Photographs. Los Angeles, California: Thomas Paul Fine Art, 2009. <mask>, <mask>, Jay Williams, ed., Pleasant Journeys And Good Eats Along The Way: A Retrospective Exhibition Of Paintings By <mask>.With a preface by Kevin Grogan and an introduction by Donald Kuspit. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2007. Edwards, Susan H., <mask>r: 1960's Photographs. Self-published, ltd. ed. of 175, 2009. Bonito, Virginia Anne, Get Real: Contemporary American Realism from the Seavest Collection. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Museum of Art, 1998.Leeds, Valerie Ann, Ph.D, Introduction to Shock of the Real: Photorealism Revisited. Boca Raton, Florida: Boca Raton Museum of Art, 2008. Meisel, Louis K., Photorealism. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1980. Films
Baeder: Pleasant Journeys and Good Eats Along the Way. Directed by Curt Hahn. 2009, Nashville, Tennessee: Film House.http://www.filmhouse.com/baeder.php

Other
Heller, Steven, "Why Does <mask>eder Paint Diners?," The Design Observer Group, November 17, 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20101031071030/http://observatory.designobserver.com/entry.html?entry=11647. “Arts Tennessee Winter/Spring 2009 Newsletter,” Tennessee Arts Commission, https://web.archive.org/web/20090407181041/http://www.arts.state.tn.us/artsTN/artstnwinter2009.pdf, 6. “<mask>”, Indianapolis Museum of Art, http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artist/baeder-john
“<mask>r opening reception”, Tennessee State Museum, https://web.archive.org/web/20110219052035/http://www.tnmuseum.org/Membership/Join%5Fthe%5FFun%21/
“Past Exhibitions,” Morris Museum of Art, http://www.themorris.org/pastexhibitions.html#2007. Nguyen, C. Thi. "Humble Trucks, Great Food,"  Los Angeles Times,  April 21, 2008. p. A1. "Roadside America for the 21st Century,"  Los Angeles Times Sunday Magazine,  June 1, 2003. p. 10. Reif, Rita."A Fading Language Of the Roadway,"  New York Times,  June 30, 1996. p. 31, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/30/arts/arts-artifacts-a-fading-language-of-the-roadway.html?scp=1&sq=A%20Fading%20Language%20Of%20the%20Roadway&st=cse
Hudson, Stacey. "On the Road,"  Metro Spirit (Augusta, Georgia),  issue 19.21. December 19–25, 2007, http://www.metrospirit.com/index.php?cat=1993101070593169&ShowArticle_ID=11011812070736572

External links
Official website
<mask>r at OK Harris Gallery
<mask>r on artnet Monographs
<mask>r at Thomas Paul Fine Art

1938 births
Photorealist artists
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
Auburn University alumni
Living people
People from South Bend, Indiana
Artists from Atlanta
Photographers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Photographers from Indiana

masks:
John Baeder
John Baeder
John Arthur
John Baede
John
John
John Arthur
Baeder
John
Baeder
John
John Baede
Baeder
John
John Baeder
John Baede
John Ba
John Baeder
John Baede
John Baede
Johnede
John Baede


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<mask> (born August 19, 1961) is a New York Times bestselling American author of fiction and nonfiction books, and a legal analyst. She is the author of nineteen books, including, most recently, the second in a trilogy called The Hunting Series — Hunting the Unabomber: The FBI, Ted Kaczynski, and the Capture of America's Most Notorious Domestic Terrorist, published by Thomas Nelson/HarperCollins. After working at NBC News and National Public Radio's All Things Considered, <mask> moved to the Fox News Channel (FNC) where she served as a legal analyst and reporter for over fifteen years, appearing on numerous FNC shows. She is a regular commentator for CNN and also appears often on CBS, NPR and other news outlets. <mask> earned her Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School, her Master of Arts in Literature from the University of Queensland, and a bachelor's degree from Barnard College, Columbia University. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Yakima, Washington, and graduated from West Valley High School in Yakima. She received a bachelor's degree from Barnard College, Columbia University in 1983, a Master of Arts in Literature from the University of Queensland in 1985, and a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1987.Career
After graduating from Harvard Law School, <mask> practiced law at Perkins Coie, a private law firm in Seattle where she also wrote by-lined articles on legal issues for the New York Times. From there she went on to become a third generation federal prosecutor (her grandfather and her father — an FBI agent — were also federal prosecutors) in the US Attorney's Office in Seattle. She served as the Deputy Chief Investigative Counsel for Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee during President Clinton's impeachment. From 1995 to 2001, she was a tenured law professor at the University of Washington School of Law in Seattle, where she ran the Trial Advocacy Program, which won several national awards during her tenure. During her time at the University of Washington, <mask> also stepped deeper into journalism by working as a reporter and legal analyst for NPR's All Things Considered and NBC News. She soon came to be in high demand for her commentary. From 2001 to 2017, <mask> was a legal analyst for The Fox News Channel; she appeared weekly on The O'Reilly Factor, Your World with Neil Cavuto, The Kelly File with Megyn Kelly, Lou Dobbs Tonight, and the Imus morning shows.<mask> also hosted the Legal Lis radio show and the Wiehl of Justice podcast. In 2005, <mask> released her first book, Winning Every Time: How to Use the Skills of a Lawyer in the Trials of Your Life. Two years later she released The 51% Minority: How Women Still Are Not Equal and What You Can Do About It which was awarded the 2008 award for Books for a Better Life in the motivational category. Since then, <mask> has continued to write best-selling books of fiction and non-fiction including, in 2020, the second in a trilogy called The Hunting Series — Hunting the Unabomber: The FBI, Ted Kaczynski, and the Capture of America's Most Notorious Domestic Terrorist. <mask> was the co-host of WOR Tonight With Joe Concha & Lis Wiehl on 710 WOR and she was also an Adjunct Professor of Law at New York Law School. She continues to appear in the media as a legal expert and commentator for organizations including CNN, CBS, NBC, and NPR among others. <mask> <mask> lectures at colleges and universities, appears as a keynote speaker, and speaks at bookstores, conferences, and literary festivals.Bill O'Reilly settlement
<mask> made sexual harassment allegations against Bill O'Reilly in early 2017 and received a $32 million settlement from him. Fox News was not a party to this settlement and regarded it as a personal issue between O'Reilly and <mask>. They claim they were not informed of the amount of money involved. <mask> signed an affidavit on January 17, 2017, stating that she and O'Reilly had settled their dispute. Her allegations and affidavit referred to repeated sexual harassment, a nonconsensual sexual relationship, and sexually explicit e-mails that O'Reilly had sent to her. O'Reilly claims that he forwarded these e-mails to <mask>, who was working as his personal lawyer, as part of a process where he would forward any threatening e-mails he received to his lawyers.

masks:
Lis Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Lis
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl
Wiehl


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<mask> (born René Villard; 24 July 1946 in Paris, France) is a French pop–singer, who first became famous in the 1960s. His first single "Capri c'est fini" became an international hit in 1965 and rendered him instantaneously famous. The song sold 3.3 million copies. His long national and international musical career as composer, singer, and stage performer spans four decades. In 1992, in recognition of his contributions to French culture, he was awarded the Ordre national du Mérite in a ceremony at the Parisian Théâtre des Variétés hosted by Jean-Paul Belmondo. Early life

<mask> was born 24 July 1946 in a taxi which was transferring his mother Blanche to the Saint-Antoine hospital in Paris to deliver. He never met his father who left home soon after the birth of his son.His mother eventually lost custody of her children and young René was sent to an orphanage in Paris. Later he was transferred to the Berry region of France into the custody of various foster homes. Young René became a runaway during that period of his life. Eventually he was moved to the Cher region of France where he met a priest, Father Angrand, who became his mentor and taught him literature and music. In 1991 Vilard bought the monastery at La Celette, where he met Father Angrand and made it his home. Success in Paris
Eventually young René left La Celette for Paris where he met Daniel Cordier, a former member of the French Resistance and Art dealer who later adopted him in 1962. This enabled teenager Vilard to finally remove himself from the state child care system.He started working at various places in Paris including a record store at Champs-Élysées. René wanted to further cultivate his musical talents and started taking singing lessons. During this time he was discovered by an executive working for Mercury Records. The meeting with the executive from Mercury Records led to a meteoric rise in his musical career. His first single Capri c'est fini was released in June 1965 under the Mercury label and instantly became a hit both in France and abroad selling 3.3 million copies and making Hervé Vilard a household name overnight. Capri c'est fini was co-written with Marcel Hurten, and has been described as "eternal" and "written with intensity by Vilard". Following the success of Capri c'est fini, French newsmagazine France Dimanche offered the singer a deal under which the magazine would help him find his mother.In return, <mask> <mask> gave the magazine exclusive rights to the interviews and the press coverage that would follow a successful reunion. After Vilard accepted the offer, France Dimanche launched a publicity campaign which eventually resulted in Vilard reuniting with his mother. At the same time, the sales of France Dimanche increased substantially. His mother died in 1981. Building on the success of Capri c'est fini Vilard released two more hits Mourir ou vivre and Fais-la rire which establish him as a successful artist. In 1966, he became the opening act for Claude François, with whom he later went on a European and world tour. After some time, disagreements arose between Vilard and François and their co-operation ended.International success
From 1967 to 1969, he embarked on a tour of South America where he met with success. He went back to France between 1969 and 1970 and subsequently left again to take up residence in Buenos Aires. He met with great success in Latin America, including Mexico where he was under a contract. Beyond Latin America, his records become hits in Korea, Turkey, and Japan. He also played to sold-out concerts at the Palais de Sport in Oran, Algeria in 1966. France
In 1978, his single Nous became a hit in France, selling 2 million records. On 31 December 1979, he appeared for the first time at L'Olympia where he starred in a variety show which became very successful.In the summer of 1980 his hit single Reviens sold 1 million copies. During this period, he combined his studio work with tours across France, and in 1984, 1985 and 1987, he produced the hit albums Ensemble, Les Chansons que j'aime and P'tit brun, forming a chain of 1980s album hits. His tours also included performances for charity and appearances at orphanages. In the early 1990s, Vilard produced L'Amour défendu and also appeared at the L'Olympia again. In 1992, he received the Ordre national du Mérite in a special ceremony at the Parisian Théâtre des Variétés hosted by Jean-Paul Belmondo. In 2004, the Berry region honoured Villard by officially naming a performing arts building after him. The same year his compilation CD Cri du coeur, which includes lyrics from the works of Marguerite Duras, Aragon, Brecht, Pablo Neruda and other writers and poets, marked a departure from his usual entertainment-oriented style and gave him wide recognition among France's literati.He declared, in Paris Match magazine, that same year, he noticed former nazi officer, Klaus Barbie, had attended one his concerts in Bolivia, that helped arrest him to deport him to France for trial. In 2006, he wrote an autobiography L'âme seule followed a year later by Le Bal des papillons, recounting in both books his experiences from humble origins to stardom and the relationship he developed with his mother after he found her. Private life
In 1967, Vilard was also the first well known French singer, to come out as gay and did so on the radio. He has been admitted to hospital due to his cholesteatoma of the middle ear. Discography
Capri c'est fini (1965)
Fais la rire (1969)
Champagne (1976)
Rêveries (1977)
Nous (1977)
Je l'aime tant (1981)
Ensemble (1983)
Le Vin de Corse (1986)
Tout simplement (1997)
L'Amour défendu (1990)
Simplement (2002)
Cri du cœur (2004)

Publications
L'âme seule Author Hervé Vilard Publisher Libra Diffusio, 2007 ,  Length 325 pages
Le bal des papillons Author Hervé Vilard Publisher LGF/Le Livre de Poche, 2009 ,  Length 310 pages

References

1946 births
French composers
French male composers
French-language singers
French pop singers
French singer-songwriters
Living people
Writers from Paris
French male singers
French male writers
Recipients of the National Order of Merit (France)
Musicians from Paris
LGBT singers from France
Spanish-language singers of France
French male singer-songwriters

masks:
Hervé Vilard
René Vilard
Hervé
Vilard


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<mask> (born September 15, 1951) is an American television producer, co-founder of MTV and the CEO of FredFilms, an animation production company based in Burbank, California. He has held leading positions with MTV Networks, Hanna-Barbera, Next New Networks, and  Frederator Studios and Networks. Seibert is an angel investor in several technology and media start-ups, has produced live action and animated programs for cable television and the internet, and began his professional career as a jazz and blues record producer. Seibert's work has been honored in numerous fields. In music production his production has been nominated for a Grammy Award, he has received an AIGA Medal for lifetime exceptional achievements, he is a member of the Animation Magazine Hall of Fame and has been awarded several Annie Awards and Emmy Awards for his television productions. Early career
Seibert began his media career in college radio at Columbia University's WKCR-FM in 1969. He says he spent most of his college career at the radio station headquarters rather than going to classes, therefore never graduating.While at Columbia he started his first company, Oblivion Records with partners Tom Pomposello, and Dick Pennington, releasing LP's by Mississippi <mask> (Live in New York) and Joe Lee Wilson. (Seibert announced the label revival in 2021 for a digital release of a historical find of a concert recording of jazz innovator Cecil Taylor.) Simultaneously, he produced several dozen jazz and blues albums for independent companies such as Muse Records, JCOA Records, and Birth Records (owned by instrumentalist/composer Gunter Hampel). Seibert was an early employee of New Music Distribution Service, a non-profit distributor of musician owned record company started by composers Carla Bley and Michael Mantler, before going on the road with Bley's big band as sound engineer and road manager. <mask>'s discography includes records he's produced by musical artists that include Hank Jones, Mississippi <mask>, Willis Jackson, Willis Jackson with Pat Martino, Jaki Byard, Linc Chamberland, Dom Salvador, Tom Pomposello, Johnny Woods,  Joe Lee Wilson, Eric Kloss,  Richard Davis (bassist),  Don Patterson and Cecil Taylor. After a late 1970s stint with media promotion innovator Dale Pon at New York's WHN Radio, Seibert began his work at Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment in 1980. Cable television & Media Branding

As a co-founder of MTV: Music Television and the channel's first creative director, Seibert was responsible for a complete rethinking of how the entire television industry was able to think of themselves as “brands.” He guided his team to develop the original voice and visual identity for MTV, and went on to do the same at Nickelodeon, Nick-at-Nite (which he invented with his long time  creative partner Alan Goodman), and Comedy Central.Initially, MTV had none of the kinds of programs that were thought of as "television," only more than 160 hours (there are 168 hours in a week) of music videos that were about three minutes each, and with no set schedule that could be promoted. Seibert had to develop an alternative promotional strategy that was completely different than traditional networks. The promos and network identifications his team produced did not resemble anything TV had every seen before, focusing on an approach that subtly made a series of "promises" to viewers in the wildest and most creative ways possible. The network identifications, 10-seconds each, were based on the MTV logo he commissioned and approved, designed by the Manhattan Design collective (that included his oldest childhood friend, Frank Olinsky). The logo mutated its design hundreds, thousands of ways, sometimes within one short animated film. Some senior network executives objected to a logo that did not remain constant, but the approach ultimately prevailed. The 10-second network IDs and the promos ultimately influenced graphic design and advertising for years to come.Within two years of launch, Seibert led the team that developed "I Want My MTV! ", creative direction by his mentor Dale Pon, and it became one of the most famous advertising campaigns of the late 20th century. In 1983, with partner Alan Goodman, Seibert founded Fred/Alan Inc. in New York City as the world's first media branding company. Goodman had been one of his key creative lieutenants at MTV, and they had worked together in college radio a decade before. Together, they successfully adapted the MTV branding and promotional strategy to overhaul the then-floundering children's cable channel Nickelodeon between June 1984 and January 1985, moving it from worst to first in the ratings in six months, and continued overseeing network branding and promotion for eight more years. By the end of 1985, at the request of Nickelodeon president Geraldine Laybourne <mask> and Goodman conceived a radical rethinking of television networks by creating Nick-at-Nite, pitched as "the first oldies TV network." Over the nine years of the company's existence they also did extensive work with The Movie Channel, Lifetime, Showtime and Comedy Central.Seibert continued involvement with the cable TV industry for several years. He was employed by Turner Broadcasting as the last president of Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, then as a consultant for almost 15 years at Warner-Amex successor MTV Networks, and as a producer of several animated series for Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network. Animated cartoons

In his time working in cartoons at three studios, Seibert has helped jumpstart the creator careers of over 100 animated filmmakers, including people like Genndy Tartakovsky, Pendleton Ward, Butch Hartman, Kevin Kolde, Craig McCracken, David Feiss, Van Partible, John Dilworth, Larry Huber, Rob Renzetti, Eric Robles, Breehn Burns, Bill Burnett, Elyse Castro, Mike Rosenthal, James Kochalka, Bob Boyle, Warren Ellis and Natasha Allegri. From 1992 until 1996, as the last president of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon studio, Seibert was able to reinvigorate the company's creative reputation with the establishment of the animation incubator What a Cartoon!. Modeled on the Golden Age of mid-20th century cartoons, the 48 short films from creators around the world, Hanna-Barbera was able to launch seven hit series after a dry spell since the launch of The Smurfs in 1981 for NBC. The shows included Genndy Tartakovsky's Dexter's Laboratory, David Feiss' Cow and Chicken and I Am Weasel, Van Partible's Johnny Bravo, John R. Dilworth's Courage the Cowardly Dog, and Craig McCraken's The Powerpuff Girls. After Ted Turner included Hanna-Barbera in Turner Broadcasting's 1996 sale to Time Warner, Seibert established Frederator Studios as an independent animation producer based in Burbank, California.Frederator has established itself as a major American independent with several series on Nickelodeon (like Rob Renzetti's My Life as a Teenage Robot), Cartoon Network (Pendleton Ward's Adventure Time), and Cartoon Hangover (Pendleton Ward's Bravest Warriors, Natasha Allegri's Bee and PuppyCat), and Kevin Kolde's production of Castlevania for Netflix. Seibert created 250 short cartoons between 1995 and 2018 at Hanna-Barbera, Frederator Studios, 19 of which were continued as series at Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, Cartoon Hangover, Netflix and YouTube. Seibert has also created several Internet channels featuring cartoons, including Channel Frederator, Cartoon Hangover, and Next New Networks. After starting Frederator Studios in 1997, Seibert brought together a group of investors in a failed attempt to save the troubled underground/alternative comics publisher Kitchen Sink Press. Seibert's production of the first season of Natasha Allegri's Bee and PuppyCat for his Cartoon Hangover streaming channel was the most backed animated project on Kickstarter for several years. Season 2 was accidentally leaked onto Seibert's Vimeo channel in early 2020, but was eventually announced to be officially dropped on Netflix sometime in 2022. On February 23, 2022, Seibert announced the formation of cartoon production company FredFilms, with a first look deal at VIS Kids.The company is in various stages of production on five reboots of vintage Seibert productions, including a live-action The Fairly OddParents for Paramount+ and a CG animated version for Netflix. The company is developing several adult and children's original animated properties, furthering Seibert's philosophy of creators first, always original, and producing your next favorite cartoon. Internet and video
In March 1999, MTV Networks CEO Tom Freston tapped Seibert to become the first president of the new MTV Networks Online, soon to split into MTV Interactive (The MTVi Group) and Nick.com. Building on this new media success, in 2007 Seibert conceived and founded Next New Networks (with Emil Rensing, Herb Scannell, Tim Shey, and Jed Simmons), the leading online television company, with over 2 billion all time video views and over 200 million views every month (as of 2010). Along with their affiliated Indy Mogul, Barely Political, Channel Frederator and several other networks, the company's superdistribution has allowed it to become among the most widely distributed video in the world, and to become YouTube's top professional content provider. By the end of 2010, Next New Networks had the globe's top two videos viewed on YouTube. In March 2011, Next New Networks was acquired by YouTube.In 2004 David Karp interned at Frederator Studios at its first New York City location, and built the company's first blogging platform. In 2007 he launched Tumblr from a rented desk at Frederator Studios' Park Avenue South offices, with chief engineer Marco Arment. Seibert was one of Tumblr's first bloggers, an angel investor in the company, and served on its board before its acquisition. <mask> and his Frederator Networks partnered with John Borthwick and Betaworks; Jonathan Miller, Jason Ostheimer, Shari Redstone; and entrepreneur Yoel Flohr to form Thirty Labs in 2014, a startup studio based in New York City to develop and invest in video based technology businesses Seibert is CEO and Flohr, COO. The company shuttered in 2015. On February 21, 2012, <mask>t launched Cartoon Hangover, a channel on YouTube which consists of various animated shorts and series. Cartoon Hangover gained a much larger audience with the revival of Bravest Warriors by Pendleton Ward on November 8, 2012 which originally aired as a pilot on <mask>'s Random!Cartoons on Nicktoons Network in 2009. In 2014, Channel Frederator was revived as a multi-channel network focused entirely on animation, signing one of YouTube's biggest animation channels, Simon's Cat. By September 2014, the network was distributing 688 channels, with over 65 million monthly views and 10.5 million subscribers, and by 2017 announced it had reached 1 billion monthly views on YouTube. Seibert stepped down from his position as CEO of Frederator in August, though the company indicated that he would remain executive producer for current projects, including Bee & PuppyCat and Castlevania''. See also
<mask>t cartoon shorts filmography

References

External links

 "<mask>t foresees 'next golden age of animation' on Internet" Los Angeles Times, December 18, 2013 interview (2013)
 "The Story of Kids TV Mastermind <mask>t: Cultivating a whole new generation of weird in animation" Adweek interview (2013)
  Animation World News interview (2003)
 2000 AIGA MEDAL  by Steven Heller at AIGA.org (American Institute of Graphic Arts)
 <mask>t's Frederator Tumblr
 <mask>t dot Com
 The Fred/Alan Archive

1951 births
AIGA medalists
Living people
Frederator Studios
American television producers
Hanna-Barbera people
Nickelodeon people
Creative directors
Showrunners
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Primetime Emmy Award winners

masks:
Frederick Seibert
Fred McDowell
Fred Seibert
Fred McDowell
Seibert
Seibert
Fred Seiber
Fred Seibert
Fred Seiber
Fred Seiber
Fred Seiber
Fred Seiber
Fred Seiber


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<mask> (née O'Shaughnessy; June 21, 1931 – August 6, 2018) was an American Republican Party politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives from 1967 to 1983 and served as Secretary of Health and Human Services and Ambassador to Ireland under President Ronald Reagan. Early life
She was born <mask>'Shaughnessy in Flushing, New York. Her undergraduate studies began at Albertus Magnus in New Haven, Connecticut. She then studied abroad at the University of Leiden, in the Netherlands, in 1952 and went on to graduate from Albertus Magnus College (B.A. 1953) and from Boston College Law School (LL.B. 1956). She was the only woman in her law school class.She was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts. She was an editor of the Annual Survey of Massachusetts Law. From 1963 to 1967, Heckler was the first woman to serve on the Governor's council for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1964 and 1968, and was elected as a Republican from the 90th to the 97th Congresses (January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1983). Heckler received an honorary doctorate from Johnson & Wales University in 1975. Congressional career
In Congress, Heckler was generally regarded as a "Rockefeller Republican" who supported moderate to liberal policies favored by voters in her state. Heckler voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1968. In 1977, she launched and founded the idea of the Congresswoman's Caucus, a bipartisan group of 14 members focused on equality for women in Social Security, tax laws, and related areas.Heckler was also an outspoken advocate for and cosponsor of the Equal Rights Amendment. She opposed abortion but then did not favor a constitutional amendment to ban it. Later in life, however, Heckler became a speaker and activist for pro-life causes. In Massachusetts, she was noted for building an especially-effective network of constituent services that allowed her to breeze through several re-election bids in an overwhelmingly-Democratic state. In the capital, Heckler was noted as a socialite with a penchant for high fashion. In the House, she served on the Banking and Currency Committee as well as ranking member of the Veterans' Affairs Committee (1975–1983). She also served as ranking member of the House Beauty Shop Committee (1971–1979), replacing Representative Catherine May, who had been defeated for re-election.Electoral history
Heckler won her first term in 1966 by defeating 42-year incumbent Republican Joseph W. Martin, Jr., in the primary. Martin, then 82, had previously served as Speaker of the House and was 46 years older than Heckler. Heckler won the subsequent general election with just 51 percent of the votes but was easily re-elected thereafter. Following the 1980 census, Massachusetts lost one of its congressional seats because of its population growth. Heckler's district, then the only one in Massachusetts large enough to not need redistricting, was combined with that of freshman Democratic Representative Barney Frank. The district was numerically Frank's district, the 4th, but it was geographically more Heckler's district. When both ran against each other in 1982, Heckler began the race as a frontrunner.Although she opposed Reagan on 43 percent of House votes, Frank successfully portrayed Heckler as a Reagan ally by pointing to her early support for his tax cuts, which she later retracted. She lost the support of the National Organization for Women because she opposed federal funding for abortion. She went on to lose the race by a larger-than-expected margin of 20%. After her defeat, no woman would be elected to Congress from Massachusetts until Niki Tsongas won a special election in 2007. Health and Human Services Secretary

After her defeat, Heckler turned down several government jobs, including as an assistant NASA administrator, before Reagan nominated her to replace retiring Health and Human Services Secretary Richard Schweiker in January 1983. She was confirmed on March 3, 1983 by an 82-3 vote in the Senate. All three dissenters were conservative Republicans.Early on as secretary, Heckler commissioned the Secretarial Task Force to investigate a "sad and significant fact: there was a continuing disparity in the burden of death and illness experienced by Blacks and other minority Americans as compared with our nation's population as a whole," as she put it in her opening letter in The Secretary's Report on Black and Minority Health, also known as the Heckler Report. The report provided the historical foundation for many reports thereafter and is often referenced as a landmark document for health disparity and health equity inquiry. Clarice Reid was a member of the task force that helped to produce the report. As secretary, Heckler publicly supported the Reagan administration's more conservative views, presided over staffing cuts in the department as part of the administration's spending reductions, and frequently spoke on a wide array of public health issues, including the emerging AIDS crisis. It was very difficult for Heckler to get the topic of AIDS on the Cabinet meeting agendas, and she reportedly never discussed the crisis with Reagan. Heckler repeatedly assured the American public that the nation's blood supply was "100% safe... for both the hemophiliac who requires large transfusions and for the average citizen who might need it for surgery." On January 21, 1985, Heckler became the first woman to be named designated survivor.She served in the role during the inauguration. Public divorce saga
Heckler's tenure as secretary was also marked by a public soap opera that played out in the Washington press when her husband, John, filed for divorce in 1984. The episode was tinged by election-year concerns over the impact of the divorce on conservative voters and dragged on for months as the couple argued whether Massachusetts or Virginia, to where she had moved, had jurisdiction in the case. Departure from Cabinet

Although Heckler stayed on in the Cabinet after Reagan's re-election and was widely regarded as an effective spokesperson, press accounts in late 1985 revealed that some White House and agency insiders regarded her as an ineffective manager. White House Chief of Staff Donald Regan reportedly pushed for Heckler's dismissal, but Reagan told reporters "there has never been any thought in my mind to fire" her. Instead, she was appointed as Ambassador to Ireland, with a $16,000 pay cut that prompted the press to ridicule Reagan's characterization of the situation as a "promotion." She was confirmed as ambassador in December 1985.Ambassador to Ireland
As ambassador, Heckler played a crucial role in obtaining a US$120 million grant to the International Fund for Ireland, an economic development organization. She was a frequent guest on Irish television programs and was "by all accounts an effective spokesperson for her government's policies on everything from Central America to international trade." In February 1989, Heckler announced her intent to resign to pursue a private career, and her term concluded in August 1989. On May 31, 1987, Heckler became the first woman to deliver the commencement address in the history of the University of Scranton. Heckler's papers are housed in the Burns Library at Boston College. Death
Heckler died at Virginia Hospital Center in Arlington, Virginia, on August 6, 2018, at the age of 87. See also
 List of female United States Cabinet Secretaries
 Women in the United States House of Representatives

References

Sources
 Jane Anderson."Two Massachusetts Incumbents Fight for Single Seat in Congress." Miami Herald, October 17, 1982, pg. 5D. Karen DeYoung. "<mask>, All Emerald Smiles", Washington Post, March 18, 1987, pg. D1. David Hoffman."Heckler Offered Irish Ambassadorship", Washington Post, October 1, 1985, pg. A1. Stephanie Mansfield. "The Heckler Breakup", Washington Post, October 16, 1984, pg. B1. Donnie Radcliffe. "The Women's Caucus", Washington Post, April 27, 1978, pg.B12. Spencer Rich. "Heckler's Administrative Skills Called Inadequate for Agency", Washington Post, October 1, 1985, pg. A1. Myron Stuck and Sarah Fitzgerald. "Senate Confirms Heckler." Washington Post.03/04/1983. p. A13. External links

"Speaker of the House: Joe Martin of N. Attleboro", projo.com, July 26, 1999; accessed February 12, 2017. Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives website; accessed February 12, 2017. “Father and Son Rally the Troops on Maryland Truth Tour”, prolifeaction.org; accessed February 12, 2017. Heckler election records at ourcampaigns.com

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1931 births
2018 deaths
Albertus Magnus College alumni
Ambassadors of the United States to Ireland
American expatriates in the Netherlands
Female members of the United States House of Representatives
Boston College Law School alumni
Massachusetts Republicans
Members of the Massachusetts Governor's Council
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
People from Queens, New York
Reagan administration cabinet members
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
Women in Massachusetts politics
Women members of the Cabinet of the United States
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American diplomats
American women ambassadors
Ambassadors of the United States
20th-century American lawyers

masks:
Margaret Mary Heckler
Margaret Mary O
Margaret Heckler


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<mask> of Galloway (died 12 May 1161) was a twelfth-century Lord of Galloway. Although his familial origins are unknown, it is possible that he was of Norse-Gaelic ancestry. <mask> first appears on record in 1136, when he witnessed a charter of David I, King of Scotland. There is considerable evidence indicating that <mask> was married to an illegitimate daughter of Henry I, King of England. It is possible that Elizabeth Fitzroy was the mother of <mask>'s three children. <mask> forged a marital alliance with Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles through the marriage of the latter to <mask>'s daughter, Affraic. As a consequence of this union, the leading branch of the Crovan dynasty descended from <mask>.When Óláfr was assassinated by a rival branch of the dynasty, Galloway itself was attacked before <mask>'s grandson, Guðrøðr Óláfsson, was able to seize control of Isles. Both <mask> and his grandson appear to have overseen military operations in Ireland, before the latter was overthrown by Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll. The fact that there is no record of <mask> lending Guðrøðr support against Somairle could be evidence of a slackening of <mask>'s authority. Contemporary sources certainly report that Galloway was wracked by inter-dynastic strife during the decade. <mask>'s fall from power came in 1160, after Malcolm IV, King of Scotland settled a dispute amongst his leading magnates and launched three military campaigns into Galloway. The reasons for the Scottish invasion are unknown. On one hand, it is possible that <mask> had precipitated events by preying upon Scottish territories.In the aftermath of the attack, the king came to terms with Somairle which could be evidence that he had either been allied with <mask> against the Scots or that he had aided in <mask>'s destruction. In any case, <mask> himself was driven from power, and forced to retire to the abbey of Holyrood. He died the next year. The Lordship of Galloway appears to have been partitioned between his sons, Gilla Brigte and Uhtred, and Scottish influence further penetrated into Galloway. Origins

<mask>'s familial origins are unknown. He is not accorded a patronym in contemporary sources, and his later descendants are traced no further than him in their charters. The fact that he tends to be styled "of Galloway" in contemporary sources suggests that he was the head of the most important family in the region.Such appears to have been the case with <mask>'s contemporary Freskin, a significant settler in Moray, who was styled de Moravia. One source that may possibly cast light on <mask>'s familial origins is Roman de Fergus, a mediaeval Arthurian romance, mainly set in southern Scotland, which tells the tale of a knight who may represent <mask> himself. The name of the knight's father in this source is a form of the name borne by <mask>'s neighbouring contemporary Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll, and could be evidence that <mask>'s father bore the same name. On the other hand, instead of being evidence of any historical relationship, the names could have been employed by the romance merely because they were regarded as stereotypically Gallovidian. In any case, there is reason to suspect that the romance is a literary pastiche or parody of the compositions of Chrétien de Troyes; and besides the coincidence of names, the tale has little to commend it as an authoritative source for the historical <mask>. Despite the uncertainty surrounding his origins, it is possible that <mask> was of Norse-Gaelic and native Gallovidian ancestry. Traditionally, the Gallovidians appear to have looked towards the Isles instead of Scotland, and the core of his family's lands seems to have centred in valley of the river Dee and the coastal area around Whithorn, regions of substantial Scandinavian settlement.In any case, the fact that <mask> died as an old man in 1161 suggests that he was born before 1100. Early career

<mask> first appears on record in about 1136×1141, when he and his son, Uhtred, witnessed the grant of the lands of Partick to the church of St Kentigern at Glasgow. The exact extent of the twelfth-century Lordship of Galloway is unclear. Surviving acta of <mask> and Uhtred reveal a concentration of endowments in central Galloway, between the rivers Urr and Fleet. Subsequent grants of lands by later descendants of <mask> in the Dee valley could represent the expansion of territory from this original core. There is evidence indicating that <mask>'s domain extended into western Galloway as well. His descendants were certainly associated with the castle of Cruggleton and dealt with lands in the vicinity.In 1140, during the return journey of Máel Máedoc Ua Morgair, Archbishop of Armagh from Clairvaux to Ulster, the latter made landfall at Cruggleton, as evidenced by Vita Sancti Malachiae, composed by Bernard of Clairvaux. Although this source associates the castle with the Scots, it seems unlikely that Scottish royal authority extended to the Gallovidian coast, and the statement could therefore be a result of confusion with Máel Máedoc's previous stay at the castle of Carlisle, then controlled by David I, King of Scotland. In fact, Máel Máedoc's visit to Cruggleton may have involved the local lord of the region, conceivably <mask> himself. The mid-twelfth-century lordship, therefore, seems to have been centred in the region of Wigtown Bay and the mouth of the river Dee. The fact that Gilla Brigte, who may well have been <mask>'s eldest child, later appears to have drawn his power from west of the river Cree could be evidence that this man's mother was a member of a prominent family from this region. Such an alliance could also explain <mask>'s apparent westward expansion. Whatever the case, the fact that the Diocese of Whithorn was revived in about 1128, possibly at the hands of <mask> himself, could indicate that he purposely established an episcopal see that encompassed the entirety of his domain.The apparent extension of <mask>'s authority into western Galloway may have been facilitated by the disintegration of the expansive nearby Kingdom of the Isles. Upon the death of the reigning Guðrøðr Crovan, King of the Isles, the Isles plunged into chaos, enduring periods of vicious dynastic kin-strife, overwhelming Norwegian overlordship, and Irish intrusion as well. By the end of the first quarter of the twelfth century, however, Guðrøðr Crovan's youngest son, Óláfr, seems to have been reinserted into the Isles by Henry I, King of England. This restoration of the Crovan dynasty appears to have formed part of the English Crown's extension of influence into the Irish Sea region. Another aspect of this expansion was the establishment of David, a younger brother of the reigning Alexander I, King of Scotland, as Henry I's vassal. Allied to the English

There is a considerable amount of evidence indicating that <mask> married a daughter of Henry I (many believe it was Elizabeth Fitzroy). For example, there is documentary evidence suggesting that all three of <mask>'s children—Uhtred, Gilla Brigte, and Affraic—were related to the English royal family.Specifically, Uhtred was called a cousin of Henry I's grandson, Henry II, King of England, by Roger de Hoveden. Although sources specifically concerning Gilla Brigte fail to make a similar claim, potentially indicating that he had a different mother than Uhtred, Gilla Brigte's son, Donnchad, Earl of Carrick, was certainly regarded as a kinsman of Henry II's son and successor, John, King of England. In regard to Affraic, Robert de Torigni, Abbot of Mont Saint-Michel remarked that her son, Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of Dublin and the Isles, was related to Henry II through the latter's mother, Matilda, one of Henry I's daughters. Henry I appears to have had about twenty-four illegitimate children. Although the name and identity of <mask>'s wife is unknown, she would seem to have been one of Henry I's numerous illegitimate daughters through which the king forged marital alliances with neighbouring princes along the periphery of his Anglo-Norman realm. The date of Uhtred's earliest attestation suggests that he was born in about 1123/1124 at the latest, whilst the fact that Guðrøðr was old enough to render homage to the Norwegian king in 1153 suggests that Affraic herself was born no later than about 1122. Such birth dates suggest that <mask>'s marriage dates to a period when the English Crown consolidated authority in the north-west and extended its influence into the Irish Sea.From the perspective of the English, an alliance between Henry I and <mask> would have secured an understanding with the man who controlled an important part of the north western flank of the Anglo-Norman realm. In fact, one of Henry I's bastard daughters, Sybilla, was wed to the reigning Alexander, seemingly not long after the latter's accession. <mask>'s own apparent marriage, therefore, appears to evidence not only his pre-eminent status in Galloway itself, but the degree of political sovereignty he possessed as its ruler. The unions of Alexander and <mask> evidence Henry I's intent of extending English authority north of the Solway Firth. David and Scottish consolidation

The early twelfth century saw the rise of Alexander's younger brother, David. The latter's close connections with the English likely contributed to his eventual acquisition of a substantial part of southern Scotland from Alexander. In about 1113, David married Maud de Senlis, a wealthy English widow, and through her came into possession of extensive lordship that came to be known as the Honour of Huntingdon.As the mid-part of the century approached, the balance of power along the northern part of the Anglo-Norman realm began to shift in favour of David. {{#tag:ref|David's latter's extension of authority into the Southern Uplands, in a specific region perhaps stretching from Strathgryffe to Carrick, appears to be evidenced by a later grant of his succeeding grandson, Malcolm IV, King of Scotland, which mentions unspecified Gall Gaidhel lands held by David during Alexander's reign.<ref>Oram, RD (2000) p. 63; [[#L4|Liber S. Marie de Calchou' (1846)]] pp. III–VII; Diplomatarium Norvegicum (n.d.) vol. 19 § 38; Document 1/5/24 (n.d.).</ref>|group=note}} In 1120, Henry I's only legitimate son died along with Richard d'Avranches, Earl of Chester in the White Ship disaster. The latter's lordship in the Welsh March was a critical region of Henry I's realm, and the English king responded by transplanting Ranulf le Meschin from his lordship of Carlisle to Richard d'Avranches' former lordship along the Welsh frontier. Upon Alexander's death in 1124, David succeeded to the throne. The latter's subsequent endowment of Annandale to Robert de Brus appears to have not only signalled the Scottish Crown's intention of consolidating control of the region, but served as a declaration of the kingdom's claims to Cumbria.<mask>'s marriage to Henry I's daughter, which appears to date to about this period, may have been arranged with such developments in mind. If so, the union could have been orchestrated as a means to not only compensate for Ranulf's removal, but to counter the dramatic rise of David and the resultant imbalance of power his ascent created. With Ranulf thus vacated from the north, Henry I had filled the power vacuum with various so-called "new men". One such incomer may have been Robert de Brus, a Norman who had previously received extensive lands from the English Crown. In fact, it is possible that it was in the wake of Ranulf's removal that Robert de Brus originally received the lordship of Annandale. If so, the latter may have been inserted into the region by Henry I, or perhaps through collaborative effort between Henry I and his then-vassal David as a means of securing the Anglo-Scottish border. The apparent rise of <mask> at about this time may have also played a part in the infeftment of Annandale.Henry I himself was married to David's older sister, Edith, a union which closely bound him to the Scottish royal house. For as long as Henry I lived, relations between him and David remained harmonious. When the former died in 1135, however, the peace between the neighbouring realms was shattered when his nephew, Stephen of Blois, Count of Boulogne and Mortain, successfully seized the throne. Before the end of the year, the Scots surged forth and seized Carlisle and Cumberland before peace was restored. Relations broke down the following year, and the Scots again invaded in 1137, seizing Northumberland, and pushed forth towards York. The contemporary accounts of the English chroniclers Richard Hexham and Ailred, Abbot of Rievaulx single out Gallovidian soldiers for their excessive atrocities in David's campaign. Disaster struck the Scots in 1138 at the Battle of the Standard, when David's forces were utterly overcome by the English near Northallerton.Although Gallovidians clearly took part in David's campaigning, there is no specific evidence connecting <mask> to the operations until after operations ceased. It is possible that <mask>'s attestation of 1136 could have had bearing on Gallovidian participation in the king's campaigning. If <mask>'s wife was indeed a bastard of Henry I, <mask> himself had a stake in the unfolding English succession crisis, as she would have been a half-sister of Stephen's opponent, Matilda, whom Henry I had nominated as his royal successor. Explicit confirmation of <mask>'s involvement may exist in the terms of the subsequent peace treaty, as Richard Hexham recorded that one of the hostages that was handed over to the English for surety was the son of an earl named <mask>. The fact that there was no Scottish earl of that name suggests that, unless Richard Hexham was mistaken, it was <mask> himself who was referred to. In any case, after this date there is no further evidence of <mask>'s involvement in Anglo-Scottish affairs. Ecclesiastical activities

In about 1128, the Diocese of Whithorn was revived after three centuries had passed since the consecration of the last diocesan bishop.The revival itself is revealed by a papal mandate dated December 1128, and the record of the oath of the bishop-elect, Gilla Aldan, to Thurstan, Archbishop of York between about 1128 and 1140. It is uncertain who was the driving force behind the revival. David's known ecclesiastical activities could suggest that he was responsible. On the other hand, the extent of David's authority in Galloway is questionable. As for <mask> himself, there is no conclusive proof that he controlled the lordship at this point in time, or that he himself established the see. The fact that Gilla Aldan was likely of native origin—as opposed to David's apparent preference for Anglo-Norman clergy—and the fact that Gilla Aldan professed obedience to the Archbishop of York—an ecclesiast whom David was attempting to exclude from influencing the Scottish Church—would both appear to indicate Gilla Aldan was a non-Scottish appointment. If <mask> was indeed responsible for Whithorn's revival, it would have almost certainly aided his royal aspirations since securing ecclesiastical independence could have been part of the process of ensuring political independence.Gilla Aldan's successor was Christian, a man who was consecrated in 1154 by Hugh d'Amiens, Archbishop of Rouen, who in turn may have been acting as a proxy for Roger de Pont l'Evêque, Archbishop-elect of York. <mask> and his family were remarkable ecclesiastical patrons, working with Augustinians, Benedictines, Cistercians, and Premonstratensians. Surviving charter evidence reveals that <mask> granted the lands of Dunrod, St Mary's Isle (upon which a priory was at some point erected), and nearby Galtway to the Augustinian abbey of Holyrood. A fifteenth-century list of properties belonging to the Knights Hospitaller reveals that <mask> had granted this order of the lands of Galtway (within the mediaeval parishes of Balmaclellan and Dalry) at some point in his career. This transaction appears to further evidence <mask>'s alignment with the English Crown. The necrology of the abbey of Newhouse states that <mask> was the founder of a Premonstratensian house at Whithorn. Both he and Christian are stated by the necrology of the abbey of Prémontré to have founded a monastery at Whithorn.Christian's tenure as bishop (1154–1186), and <mask>'s reign as lord (×1160), suggest that the priory of Whithorn was founded at some point between about 1154 and 1160. According to the annals of Maurice of Prato, this house was transformed into a Premonstratensian

masks: Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus


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 house by Christian in about 1177. These sources, therefore, appear to reveal that <mask> was responsible for the establishment of a possibly Augustinian house at Whithorn, whilst Christian was responsible for its later refoundation as a Premonstratensian institution. Such a switch was not an unknown occurrence in England or on the Continent. Either <mask> or David—or perhaps both <mask> and David—may have been responsible for the foundation of the abbey of Dundrennan, a Cistercian house situated well within the confines of <mask>'s lordship. John Fordun and Walter Bower accord its foundation solely to David, although the near contemporary John Hexham failed to note the house amongst David's known foundations. The fact that Walter Daniel, a Cistercian monk from the community at Rievaulx, was highly critical of Galloway and its inhabitants may be evidence that <mask> was unlikely to have been the sole founder.David's own close connections with the Cistercians could suggest that the monastery owed its formation, as a daughter house of Rievaulx, to cooperation between David and <mask>. The abbey of Dundrennan appears to have been founded in about 1142, which in turn places its formation at a time when David had extended his power in the south west. Such a date also places the foundation at about the time Máel Máedoc was in the region, which in turn may hint at his own involvement. In any case, if <mask> and David were involved in the abbey's endowment, the fact that it was colonised by Cistercians from Rievaulx suggests that it was somewhat of a penitential foundation in regard to the infamous Gallovidian contribution at the Battle of the Standard four years previously. Furthermore, the fact that Thurstan himself had been responsible for the English resistance meant that <mask> had warred against his own spiritual overlord, and had almost certainly endured ecclesiastical repercussions as a result. In the eyes of the Cistercians, <mask> and David were both responsible for failing to curb atrocities committed during the campaign, and <mask> himself was held accountable by Walter Daniel's Vita Ailredi for thousands of deaths. Another religious house possibly founded by <mask> was the abbey of Soulseat, a Premonstratensian house seated near Stranraer.Walter Bower and the necrologies certainly state as such. However, the fact that this house appears to be identical to the "Viride Stagnum" attested by the contemporary Vita Sancti Malachiae seems to be evidence that Soulseat originated as a Cistercian house founded by Máel Máedoc himself. If Máel Máedoc and <mask> met during the former's apparent stay in Cruggleton, it is conceivable that <mask> granted him the lands upon which he founded a religious house at Soulseat. If Máel Máedoc indeed founded a Cistercian house on this site, it clearly was converted to a Premonstratensian monastery not long afterwards, under the advocacy of <mask>. The church of Cruggleton, near the site of the like-named castle, could have also been constructed by <mask>. Although the late mediaeval Hystoria Fundacionis Prioratus Insule de Traile claims that <mask> founded the priory of St Mary's Isle, the fantastical foundation claims preserved by this source are not corroborated by contemporary sources. According to a confirmation charter dating to within the decade after <mask>'s death, <mask> granted the house to the abbey of Holyrood.A confirmation charter of William I, King of Scotland reveals that the priory of St Mary's Isle may have been in existence by the time of <mask>'s grandson, Roland fitz Uhtred, Lord of Galloway, although the first recorded prior appears in the thirteenth century. <mask>'s supposed links with this house, therefore, are dubious. Although Walter Bower declared that <mask> was responsible for the foundation of the abbey of Tongland, his great-grandson, Alan fitz Roland, Lord of Galloway, appears to have founded it in the thirteenth century. The erroneous attribution of <mask> to this house may be the result of an attempt to enhance the antiquity of its establishment by linking it with the progenitor of Alan's family. The inspiration behind <mask>'s ecclesiastical patronage is uncertain. On one hand, it is conceivable that he was imitating or competing with the extensive patronage of the Scottish monarchy. On the other hand, familial connections with the rulers of England and the Isles could have played a part in his ecclesiastical interests.Contact with influential ecclesiasts like Máel Máedoc and Ailred could have also inspired <mask>'s benefactions. Furthermore, the introduction of Augustinians and Premonstratensians into Galloway may have been part of a process of revitalising the newly reformed diocese. The construction of ecclesiastical buildings, much like castles, was often a means by which mediaeval rulers displayed their pre-eminent status, which in turn could explain <mask>'s ecclesiastical activities. In effect, his religious foundations may evince attempts to assert his authority in the region. While the foundation of an episcopal see seems to have been a means by which <mask> sought to reinforce his independence from the Scots, his remarkable support of reformed religious orders may have been a way in which he attempted to legitimise his regal aspirations. Unravelling of the Isles

Alliance with Óláfr Guðrøðarson

Early in his career, <mask> bound himself to the Isles in the form of a marital alliance between Affraic and Óláfr, the reigning King of the Isles. Although the union itself is not dated in contemporary sources, the Scandinavian sojourn undertaken the couple's son in 1152 suggests that the marriage was arranged in the 1130s or 1140s.The alliance forged between Óláfr and <mask> gave the former's family valuable familial-connections with the English Crown, one of the most powerful monarchies in western Europe. As for <mask>, the union bound Galloway more tightly to a neighbouring kingdom from which an invasion had been launched during the overlordship of Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway. The alliance with Óláfr also ensured <mask> the protection of one of Britain's most formidable fleets, and further gave him a valuable ally outwith the orbit of the Scottish Crown. One possible reason for <mask>'s apparent lack of further participation in Anglo-Scottish affairs may have been due to events in the Isles. Although the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century Chronicle of Mann portrays Óláfr's reign as one of tranquillity, a more accurate evaluation of his reign may be that he adeptly managed to navigate an uncertain political climate. In regard to <mask>, the acquisition of the Dublin kingship in 1142, by the Islesman Ottar mac meic Ottair, may well have represented a threat to the authority of Óláfr, and the prospects of <mask>'s grandson. By the mid-part of the twelfth century, however, the ageing Óláfr's realm may well have begun to buckle under the strain, as perhaps evidenced by the depredations wrought on the Scottish mainland by Óláfr's leading ecclesiast, Wimund, Bishop of the Isles.Confirmation of Óláfr's concern over the royal succession may well be preserved by the chronicle, which states that Guðrøðr journeyed to the court of Ingi Haraldsson, King of Norway in 1152, where Guðrøðr rendered homage to the Norwegian king, and seemingly secured recognition of the royal inheritance of the Isles. The following year marked a watershed in the history for the Kingdom of the Isles with the successive deaths of David and Óláfr. The latter was slain by three Dublin-based sons of his exiled brother, after which these men—the Haraldsonnar—partitioned Mann amongst themselves. Once in control, the chronicle reveals that the Haraldsonnar fortified themselves against forces loyal to the kingdom's legitimate heir by launching a pre-emptive strike against <mask>. Although the invasion of Galloway was repulsed with heavy casualties, once the Haraldsonnar returned to Mann the chronicle records that they slaughtered and expelled all resident Gallovidians that they could find. This ruthless reaction evidently reveals an attempt to uproot local factions adhering to Affraic and her son. Whatever the case, within months of his father's assassination, Guðrøðr executed his vengeance.Enstrengthened with Norwegian military support, Guðrøðr overcame his three kin-slaying cousins, and successfully secured the kingship for himself. Rise of Somairle mac Gilla Brigte

Midway through the twelfth-century, Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Tír nEógain pressed forth his claim to the high-kingship of Ireland, an office then held by the elderly Toirrdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht. In 1154, the forces of Toirrdelbach and Muirchertach met in a major maritime conflict off the Inishowen coast. According to the seventeenth-century Annals of the Four Masters, Muirchertach's maritime forces were mercenaries drawn from Galloway, Arran, Kintyre, Mann, and "the territories of Scotland". This record appears to be evidence that Guðrøðr, <mask>, and perhaps Somairle, provided ships to Muirchertach's cause. Although Toirrdelbach's forces obtained a narrow victory, his northern maritime power seems to have been virtually nullified by the severity of the contest, and Muirchertach soon after marched on Dublin, gained overlordship over the Dubliners, and effectively secured himself the high-kingship of Ireland for himself. The defeat of forces drawn from the Isles, and Muirchertach's subsequent spread of power into Dublin, may have had severe repercussions concerning Guðrøðr's career.In 1155 or 1156, Somairle and an apparent relative of Ottar precipitated a coup against Guðrøðr, presenting Somairle's son, Dubgall, as a replacement to Guðrøðr's rule. Late in 1156, Somairle and Guðrøðr clashed and divided the Kingdom of the Isles between themselves. Two years later the former drove the latter from the kingship and into exile. It is uncertain why <mask> failed to support his grandson against Somairle. The record of the capture of Domnall mac Máel Coluim at Whithorn in 1156, as recorded by the twelfth- to thirteenth-century Chronicle of Holyrood, and Gesta Annalia I, may have bearing on <mask>. Domnall appears to have been a son of Máel Coluim mac Alasdair, who was in turn a claimant to the Scottish throne and somehow related to Somairle. Following David's death in 1153, Somairle and Máel Coluim had risen in revolt against a newly inaugurated Malcolm without much success.Domnall's later capture in western Galloway, therefore, could be evidence that the Meic Máel Coluim claimants had attempted to forcefully carve out a power base in western Galloway. However, the fact that the chronicle makes no mention of such conflict in Galloway, coupled with the fact that Whithorn was a spiritual centre rather than a secular power centre, could suggest that Domnall was in the region under less violent circumstances. If so, it is conceivable that <mask> could have originally forged an understanding with the Meic Máel Coluim before pressure from his sons forced him to desert Domnall's cause. The fact that the latter's capture preceded Somairle's coup could suggest that, although Domnall may have been in the midst of securing Gallovidian support, once Somairle's designs against Guðrøðr became apparent, the Gallovdians handed over Somairle's kinsman to the Scots. Scottish subjection of Galloway

There is evidence to suggest that <mask> struggled to maintain control of his lordship during the decade. Such a crisis could well have kept him from intervening in the Isles on Guðrøðr's behalf. As with the latter, the failure of Muirchertach's mercenary fleet could have contributed to a loss of <mask>'s own authority.Disarray in the lordship is evidenced by Vita Ailredi, which reveals that the region was wracked by inter-dynastic strife during this period. In 1160, Malcolm returned to Scotland having spent months campaigning in the service of the English on the Continent. After successfully dealing with a considerable number of disaffected magnates at Perth, the Chronicle of Holyrood and the twelfth- to thirteenth-century Chronicle of Melrose reveal that he launched three military expeditions into Galloway. The circumstances surrounding these invasions is unclear, although what is clear is that <mask> submitted to the Scots before the end of the year. Specifically, according to Gesta Annalia I, once the Scots subdued the Gallovidians, the conquerors forced <mask> to retire to the abbey of Holyrood, and hand over his son, Uhtred, as a royal hostage. The Chronicle of Holyrood and the fifteenth-century Ordinale of Holyrood corroborate <mask>'s monastic retirement, with the former source further recording <mask>'s grant of the lands of Dunrod to the abbey. On one hand, it is possible that <mask> himself had precipitated Malcolm's reaction by raiding into the territory between the rivers Urr and Nith.The fact that the Chronicle of Holyrood describes Malcolm's Gallovidian opponents as "federate enemies", and makes no mention of his sons, suggests that <mask> was supported by other accomplices. In fact, it is possible that Malcolm had encountered an alliance between <mask> and Somairle. Evidence of such a coalition may exist in the dating clause of a royal charter that notes a formal agreement between Somairle and Malcolm that Christmas. Additionally, the fact that several churches near Kirkcudbright are recorded to have once belonged to Iona, an ancient ecclesiastical centre that Somairle attempted to revive during his reign in the Isles, could suggest some sort of concord between the rulers. If Somairle and <mask> had indeed been allies, the fall of the latter, coupled with the further advancement of Scottish authority into the Solway region, may have finally brought Somairle to terms with the Scots. An alternate possibility is that the charter clause could be evidence that Somairle supported Malcolm in his suppression and destruction of <mask>. There is also reason to suspect that Ferteth, Earl of Strathearn possessed some sort of affiliation with <mask>.Not only does Ferteth appear to be the most prominent of the disaffected magnates who confronted Malcolm in 1160, but his father is recorded to have taken a leading part in the Battle of the Standard, and Ferteth himself was married to a woman whose name may be evidence that she was a native of Galloway. The kin-strife noted by Vita Ailredi could be evidence that <mask>'s sons assisted in his overthrow, or at least did little to arrest it. Death and aftermath

<mask> did not live long after retiring, and died on 12 May 1161, as evidenced by the Chronicle of Holyrood''. Surviving sources reveal that he overshadowed his sons during his lifetime, with Uhtred witnessing only three charters and Gilla Brigte none at all. The latter's apparent exclusion from affairs of state could be relevant to the subsequent animosity between the siblings, as well as the difficulties <mask> faced with the men late in his career. Upon <mask>'s death, the lordship appears to have been split between the brothers. Although there is no specific evidence for Gilla Brigte's share, later transactions involving Uhtred reveal that the latter held lands in the lower Dee valley, seemingly centred in an area around Kirkcudbright.The fact that this region appears to have formed the core of <mask>'s holdings could be evidence that Uhtred was the senior successor. Conceivably, Uhtred's allotment consisted of the lordship's territory east of the river Cree, whilst Gilla Brigte's share was everything east of this waterway. In the wake of Malcolm's destruction of <mask>, the Scottish Crown moved to further incorporate Galloway into the Scottish realm. Uhtred appears to have been granted the territory between the rivers Nith and Urr, whilst Gilla Brigte may have been wed to a daughter or sister of Donnchad II, Earl of Fife, the kingdom's foremost Gaelic magnate. Scottish authority penetrated into the lordship through the installation of royal officials, and Scottish power was perhaps further projected into Galloway by a royal castle at Dumfries. Surviving royal acta dating to after the fall of <mask> indicate that, from the perspective of the Scottish Crown, the Lordship of Galloway had been integrated into the Kingdom of Scotland, and was subject to the overlordship of Malcolm himself. Notes

Citations

References

Primary sources

Secondary sources

External links

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1161 deaths
12th-century Scottish people
History of Galloway
Lords of Galloway
Norse-Gaels
People from Dumfries and Galloway
Year of birth

masks: Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus Fergus


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<mask> was born in Enugu into the royal family of <mask> and <mask>. He is from Ochigba town in Ahoada East in the Local Government Area of Rivers State. <mask> began his educational career at St Cyprians State School in Port Harcourt where he obtained his First School Leaving Certificate. His secondary school education was at the Stella Maris College in Port Harcourt, Rivers State where he graduated with an Ordinary Level School Certificate in 1979. He then proceeded to his advanced Levels at Lansdowne College, Oxford, United Kingdom. He was educated at the University of Keele between 1982 and 1985 where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in politics and philosophy, with subsidiary subjects in history and astronomy. Between 1985 and 1987, <mask> obtained an LLB (Hons) in Law, with a Second Class Upper Division at Aberystwyth University after which he returned to Nigeria for the mandatory Bar Programme at the Nigerian Law School.He then obtained a master's degree in law (LLM) at King's College London specializing in shipping law, international finance, intellectual property and international commercial law. <mask> also attended several courses, seminars, and workshops within and outside the country on public policy, legislative matters, etc. During his school days, he exhibited leadership qualities; having been appointed prefect in Secondary School. He was also elected President of the Nigerian Society while at the University of Keele, Staffordshire. Work Experience / Positions of Responsibilities

As a young man determined to make a mark, <mask>, after his studies returned to Nigeria, has since then worked in various organisations and held posts in which he performed creditably. Some of these include:

 Legal Practitioner in the law firms of Mudiaga Odje and company, Ajumogobia  Okeke  and  Oyebode (1990–1992)
 Legal Adviser and Consultant to  Petgas Resources International  Limited (1992–1994). A crude oil trading Company  working in co-operation with many international oil companies including Inter Petrol SA of Argentina, Nap-Oil, and Mark-Rich International.Zug, Switzerland. Beneficial Term Contract Agreements were entered between these companies and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. He was the managing director of Rheingold Nigeria Limited. (1994–1998). An oil company specialized in the provision of Engineering services to oil producing companies ranging from procurement and civil and mechanical works to seismic Acquisition. He was also a director of Omega Petroleum and Energy Company Limited which specialized in the shipping of wet cargoes and marketing coastal petroleum products. In recognition of his impressive achievements in academia, legal practice, business and humanitarian services, the people of Ahoada East/Abua Odual Federal Constituency of Rivers State voted him in as their representative at the National Assembly in 1999.His colleagues also elected him as Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives on 4 June 1999. As Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, he chaired the following committees:

 Chairman, Committee of Whole
 Vice-Chairman, House of Representatives' Committee of Selection. Vice-Chairman, National Assembly Joint Committee on the review of the 1999 Constitution. He has led several delegations to various International Summits and Conferences. These include:

 The Nigerian Parliamentary Delegation to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
 Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) African Region, Ghana (August 1999)
 Parliamentary visit to India (October 2000)
 Parliamentary visit to People's Republic of China (July 2000 and July 2002 respectively)
 The 106th Conference of Interparliamentary Union (IPU) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (September 2001)
 The 107th Conference of Interparliamentary Union (IPU) Morocco (March 2002)
 Commonwealth Conference of Speakers and Presiding Officers, Kesane, Botswana (January 2002). Parliamentary Delegation to Venezuela (October 2002)
 Global Conference of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (October 2002). Prince Nwuche is the sponsor of the following Bills:

 Nigerians With Disability Bill:  This seeks to set up a National Commission for Disabled Persons.Women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation  (WOTCLEF): Bill establishing a National Agency to enforce laws against trafficking of persons, particularly women and children. This bill was proposed by the founder of WOTCLEF, Chief Mrs. Amina Titi Atiku-Abubakar, wife of Atiku Abubakar, a former Vice-President of Nigeria. The Nigeria Media Bill: which is an Amalgamation of all laws relating to the media in Nigeria. The Nigerian Local Content Bill: To allow for greater  participation of indigenous companies in the oil industry

He is also noted for his commitment to the promotion of dialogue between the Organized Private Sector (OPS) and the National Assembly, especially with regards to local industrial capacity building within the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO). He is also a facilitator of dialogue between a coalition of Non-Governmental Organizations and the Parliament on issues of media rights, and sustenance of a credible democratic system. A community worker and grassroots activist, <mask> has played an important role in the passage of the Niger Delta Development Commission Act and the Onshore Offshore Dichotomy Bill. He has set up scholarships and grant schemes for indigent students and small/medium scale business men and women respectively.Membership of organisations and boards

Prince Nwuche is presently a member of several professional bodies. These include:

 Member, Institute of Directors, Nigeria
 Member, Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture, NACCIMA
 Member, Institute of Petroleum, London
 Member, Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM)
 Chairman, Trade Group of Nigeria – South Africa Chamber of Commerce (1995)
 Member, Nigerian Bar Association (NBA)
 Member, International Bar Association (IBA)
 Member, board of directors of Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC). Chairman, Nigerian Chapter, African Parliamentarians Network Against Corruption. Member and leader of the Nigerian contingent to the Ecowas Parliament
 Member board of directors of Nigerian Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (NAIPA)

Titles, Honours and Awards

Traditional titles

Adigwe Ekpeye of Ekpeye land
Ada – Idaha ke Efik Eburutu of Calabar
Aha Eji Aga Mba of Okigwe
Onwa Netiliora of Enugu State
Agbawo Dike Izu of Egbema
Ozulumba of Umunya
Nta-Nta of Oron
Ebubedike of Ogbunike
Mataimakin Sarkin Talakawan Nijeriya

Honours and awards

Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR)
African International Worthy Ambassador (AIWA) – All African Students Union. Life Patron, National Union of Rivers States Students (NURSS). Hallmark Award for Distinguished Nigerians of the 21st Century. Award of exceptional performance in politics – Igbo National Council (INC) 2001
Award of Excellence in Politics and Leadership Accomplishment
Certificate of Membership 003309 – Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM)
Award of Honorary Fellow of the Association –  Nigeria Association of Technologists in Engineering (NATE)

Publications

Prince Nwuche has authored some academic works.These include:

Larceny in English and Australian Law
Restructuring the Oil Industry to allow for full  participation by producing states and communities. Africa: The Process of Integration and Impact of Globalization – (Presented as Guest Lecturer at Emancipation Day Celebrations in Trinidad and Tobago, 1 August 2003, under the auspices of Caribbean Historical Society)

Foundation
Founder: Foundation for Youth Development

References

External links
 www.chibudomnwuche.com

Living people
Alumni of Aberystwyth University
Alumni of Keele University
Alumni of King's College London
Members of the House of Representatives (Nigeria) from Rivers State
Members of the Order of the Federal Republic
Nigerian royalty
People from Enugu
Rivers State politicians
Rivers State lawyers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Prince Chibudom Nwuche
Clifford Cheta Nwuche
Grace Ogbuta Nwuche
Nwuche
Nwuche
Nwuche
Nwuche
Prince Nwuche


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<mask> (August 25, 1976 – November 8, 2021) was a Puerto Rican baseball pitcher who played nine seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). Nicknamed "Perpetual <mask>", he played for the New York Mets from 2002 to 2004, from 2006 to 2010, and in 2013, as well as in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in 2005. Early life
<mask> was born in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, on August 25, 1976. He graduated from Jose S. Algeria High School in Dorado, Puerto Rico. He was selected by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 31st round of the 1995 Major League Baseball draft. Professional career

Early career
<mask> played seven seasons in the minor leagues from 1995 to 2002. He began his professional career with the Great Falls Dodgers in the Pioneer League.After four years in the Rookie and Class A leagues, he suffered a shoulder injury in  which prevented him from playing all season. He returned in , pitching at the AA level, with one inning for the AAA Albuquerque Dukes. In , he struggled in AAA after pitching well in AA. After six years of service in the minor leagues without promotion to the Majors, he became a free agent. Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, Detroit Tigers (2002)
<mask> signed with the Cincinnati Reds for the  season, but was traded to the New York Mets in August along with Brady Clark for Shawn Estes. He made his MLB debut on September 4, 2002, pitching two scoreless innings of relief without giving up a hit and striking out two in an 11–3 win over the Florida Marlins. The Mets designated <mask> for assignment to make room on their 40-man roster following the conclusion of the 2002 season, and he was claimed on waivers by the Detroit Tigers on October 11.Two months later on December 16, the Tigers released <mask>. Second stint with New York Mets (2003–2004)
The Mets re-signed <mask> to a minor league contract on April 3, 2003. Over the course of the next two seasons, he had mixed success with the Mets, being recalled from and optioned to the AAA Norfolk Tides several times in  and . Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (2005)
The Mets sold <mask>'s contract to the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of the Japanese Pacific League on January 24, 2005. He spent the entire season with the Hawks, compiling a 3–2 win–loss record, a 3.89 earned run average (ERA), and 36 strikeouts over 37 innings pitched. Third stint with the New York Mets (2006–2010)

<mask> began his third stint with the Mets when he was re-signed on February 28, 2006, a couple of weeks after the beginning of spring training. He initially started the season with the Norfolk Tides to make up for the time he had missed in spring training, but he was recalled on April 17 and became a permanent fixture in the Mets bullpen as a left-handed specialist.He recorded his first major league save against the Philadelphia Phillies on June 30, 2007. He operated in the bullpen as the Mets' primary situational left-hander in 2008 and 2009. <mask> led the league in games pitched from 2008 to 2010. In 58 of those games in 2008, the greatest number in the majors, he recorded fewer than three outs. He also led MLB that year in days pitched on zero days rest (36). His 92 appearances in 2010 was the fourth-most in major league history. In that same year, he passed Tom Seaver in games pitched for the Mets with 459.He ultimately made 344 relief appearances from 2007 to 2010, the most in major league history over four consecutive seasons. At the time of his death, <mask>'s 484 games pitched for the franchise was second all-time to John Franco (695). New York Yankees (2011–2012)
On January 3, 2011, <mask> signed a two-year deal worth approximately $8 million with the New York Yankees. Early in the 2011 season, <mask> began to experience soreness in his left shoulder and was placed on the disabled list. On April 25, orthopedist James Andrews recommended a six-week strengthening program for <mask>. The Yankees front office revealed that the reason behind <mask>'s injury was that the Mets had overused him in the previous few years. It was eventually revealed that <mask> had a torn anterior capsule and rotator cuff in his left shoulder, which required surgery, and ended his 2011 season.<mask> began the 2012 season on the 60-day disabled list in an effort to continue recovering from his shoulder surgery from the previous year. Late in the 2012 season between August and September, <mask> was issued to rehab at the Double-A Trenton Thunder. <mask> ultimately failed to make an appearance with the Yankees for the entire 2012 year. After the season, his contract expired, and he left the Yankees without throwing a single pitch for the team. Fourth stint with the New York Mets (2013)
<mask> signed a minor league deal with the Mets on January 21, 2013. He eventually made his first appearance of the season on August 2 with the Mets against the Kansas City Royals and induced a ground out from Alex Gordon in the top of the 9th inning. Cubs and Cardinals (2014–2015)
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the St. Louis Cardinals on May 25, 2014.He later signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs on February 4 the following year. Personal life
<mask> was married to Wanda. Together, they had two children. <mask> was diagnosed with left ventricular noncompaction, a rare genetic heart condition, in 2013. He died on November 8, 2021, at his home in Puerto Rico. He was 45 years old. References

External links

1976 births
2021 deaths
People from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Mets players
Great Falls Dodgers players
Vero Beach Dodgers players
Savannah Sand Gnats players
Place of death missing
Albuquerque Dukes players
San Antonio Missions players
Las Vegas 51s players
Jacksonville Suns players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Louisville Bats players
Norfolk Tides players
Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks players
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Tampa Yankees players
Trenton Thunder players
Staten Island Yankees players
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Japan
2006 World Baseball Classic players
2009 World Baseball Classic players
St. Lucie Mets players
Binghamton Mets players
Memphis Redbirds players
Leones de Ponce players
Cangrejeros de Santurce (baseball) players
Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente pitchers

masks:
Pedro Juan Feliciano Molina
Pedro
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano
Feliciano