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<mask> (October 12, 1946 – May 4, 1990) was convicted of murder and executed via electric chair in the U.S. state of Florida for the murders of 39-year-old Florida Highway Patrol officer Phillip A. Black (who served 9 years with Florida Highway Patrol) and 39-year-old Ontario Provincial Police Corporal Donald Irwin (who served 18 years with Ontario Provincial Police), a visiting Canadian constable and friend of Black. The officers were killed during a traffic stop where <mask>, his wife Sunny Jacobs and their children were passengers. <mask>'s execution was botched; his head burst into flames during the execution by electric chair. After <mask>'s execution, the driver, Walter Rhodes, confessed to shooting the officers. The crime, trial and execution
On the morning of February 20, 1976, Black and Irwin approached a car parked at a rest stop for a routine check. <mask>, his wife Sonia "Sunny" Jacobs, their two children (ages 9 years and 10 months) and Walter Rhodes were found asleep inside.<mask> had previously been in prison and was on probation. Black saw a gun lying on the floor inside the car. He woke the occupants and had first Rhodes then <mask> come out of the car. According to Rhodes, <mask> then shot both Black and Irwin with the gun (which was legally registered to Jacobs who bought guns on behalf of <mask> – he couldn't legally obtain a license because of his record) and led the others into the police car to flee the scene. According to <mask>, Rhodes shot the officers and handed the gun to him so that Rhodes could drive. They later disposed of the police car and kidnapped a man and stole his car. All three were arrested after being caught in a roadblock.When they were arrested, the gun was found in <mask>'s waistband. This account, however, was later contradicted by Rhodes; there was subsequently enough evidence to support reasonable doubt regarding <mask>'s conviction. Gunpowder tests found residue on Rhodes consistent with "having discharged a weapon", residue on Tafero consistent with "handling an unclean or recently discharged weapon, or possibly discharging a weapon", as well as residue on Jacobs and her son consistent with "having handled an unclean or recently discharged weapon". Prior to his conviction for murder, <mask> had been convicted of attempted robbery and "crimes against nature" when he was 20 years old. Rhodes entered into a plea agreement for a reduced sentence of second degree murder in exchange for his testimony against Tafero and Jacobs. At their trial, he testified that Jacobs fired first from the back seat, then Tafero took the gun from her and shot the two officers. Rhodes later recanted his testimony on three occasions, in 1977, 1979 and 1982, stating that he shot the policemen, but ultimately reverted to his original testimony.<mask> and Jacobs were convicted of capital murder and were sentenced to death while Rhodes was sentenced to three life sentences. He was released in 1994 following parole for good behavior. The children were placed in the care of Sunny Jacobs's parents until their deaths in a 1982 plane crash. The children were then separated and Sunny's younger child, Christina, was placed into foster care with a friend of Jacobs. Sunny's older child, Eric, who was in his mid-teens, first resided with Sonia's brother Alan, then lived on his own, struggling to survive by working at a pizza restaurant and various odd jobs. <mask> and Jacobs continued their relationship through letters while serving time in the prison. Because there was no death row for women in Florida, Jacobs was put into solitary confinement for the first five years of her imprisonment and let out only once or twice a week for exercise.She learned yoga to pass the time, and after being moved to the general prison population, began teaching yoga to other prisoners. Although the jury had recommended a life sentence for Jacobs, Judge Daniel Futch, known as "Maximum Dan" for his reputation for tough sentences, imposed the death sentence. In 1981, the Florida Supreme Court commuted Jacobs' sentence to life in prison, holding that Futch lacked sufficient basis to override the jury's sentencing recommendation. <mask> was to be executed by electrocution. The machine, dubbed "Old Sparky", malfunctioned, causing six-inch flames to shoot out of <mask>'s head. A member of the execution team had used a synthetic sponge rather than a sea sponge, which is necessary to provide greater conductivity and a quick death. In all, three jolts of electricity were required to execute Tafero, a process that took seven minutes.Prison inmates later claimed that Old Sparky was "fixed" and tampered with to make <mask>'s execution more like torture. One close inmate friend of <mask> later said he could smell the burning flesh of his friend for days after. It has been rumored that <mask>'s death served as inspiration for author Stephen King when he wrote the execution of Eduard Delacroix in his novel The Green Mile. Aftermath
The case became a cause célèbre among death penalty opponents, who cited the brutal circumstances of <mask>'s execution as reasons it should be abolished. Rhodes did not receive further jail time. Filmmaker Micki Dickoff made a crime drama on the case entitled In the Blink of an Eye, which aired as an ABC Movie of the Week in 1996. Sunny Jacobs, even though she had not been exonerated, is featured in The Exonerated, a made-for-cable television film, first aired on the former CourtTV cable television network on January 27, 2005.When her death sentence was overturned in 1981, she was sentenced to life with a 25-year minimum mandatory sentence. In 1992, when her case was reversed on appeal, she took an Alford plea for second-degree murder and was released on time served. In 2011, Jacobs married Peter Pringle, who had been exonerated after being convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death in the Republic of Ireland. (Pringle's sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, the death penalty having been abolished in practice in Ireland since 1954, abolished for ordinary murder in 1964, and permanently abolished for all crimes in 1990.) Since their releases, Sunny and Peter Pringle have founded The Sunny Centre where they help other exonerees with their healing process. The centre is non-profit and gives individuals support upon leaving prison. The couple welcome exonerees into their home and incorporate a holistic approach to healing through yoga, meditation and prayer.See also
Capital punishment debate
Capital punishment debate in the United States
Capital punishment in the United States
List of people executed in Florida
List of wrongful convictions in the United States
Wrongful executions in the United States

External links
List of Florida executions
List of all prisoners executed in Florida
Execution Day Journal

References

1946 births
1990 deaths
20th-century executions by Florida
American robbers
American people convicted of murdering police officers
20th-century executions of American people
People convicted of murder by Florida
People executed by Florida by electric chair
People executed for murdering police officers
Overturned convictions in the United States
Wrongful executions

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<mask> is a Cuban-American professor of Ethnic Studies, Gender and Women's Studies, and Performance Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Her scholarly writing in queer theory, critical race theory, and performance studies highlights the intersection of race, gender, sexuality and embodiment in constructing subjectivity. Biography
Born <mask> in Placetas, Cuba, <mask> emigrated to the United States in 1963 with her family. She has two siblings: her sister <mask>,an experimental filmmaker and visual artist who works between Havana and Miami, and her brother René. <mask> identifies as queer and bisexual, and has published work about what she terms "bisexual erasure." Education and career
Describing herself as an "accidental academic" in reference to her working class upbringing, <mask> attended City College of San Francisco before graduating with a bachelor's degree from San Francisco State University in Liberal Studies. Her graduate degrees include a Masters in English and Comparative Literature from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. in Ethnic Studies from the University of California, Berkeley where she studied with Norma Alarcón, Judith Butler, VèVè A. Clark, and Gerald Vizenor.Before joining the faculty at Berkeley, <mask> was an Assistant Professor of English at Bryn Mawr College, and an Associate Professor of Women and Gender Studies at the University of California, Davis where she served as Director of the Cultural Studies Graduate Group. At Berkeley, she is affiliated with the Center for Race and Gender, the Center for New Media, the Center for the Study of Sexual Culture and the Haas Institute for a Fair and Equitable Society, where she was a founding member of the LGBTQ Citizen Cluster. In 2014, she was appointed to the University of California President's Advisory Committee on LGBT Students, Staff, and Faculty Member by Janet Napolitano. Academic contributions
The author of two books, Queer Latinidad: Identity Practices, Discursive Spaces (NYU Press, 2003) and Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings (NYU 2014), <mask> has also published essays in GLQ: a Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies; Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory; Radical History Review; PMLA; MELUS; Profession and others. <mask>'s work is considered part of queer of color critique, an intervention into queer theory that argues that sexuality can not be understood or analyzed outside of the ways it is mutually constituted by race and other dimensions of difference. Queer Latinidad: Identity Practices, Discursive Spaces
<mask>'s first book, Queer Latinidad: Identity Practices, Discursive Spaces (NYU Press, 2003) introduced the idea of queer latinidad as a way to disarticulate the ways that history, geography, colonialism, ethnicity, nationality, language, religion, legal status, immigration status, class, color, and the politics of location exist to complicate facile notions of Latino identity. In that book, Rodríguez identifies three case studies that involve different understandings of ethnic and sexual identity: activism through the queer Latino/a HIV prevention agency Proyecto ContraSIDA por Vida; law through the asylum case of Marcelo Tenorio, a gay Afro-Brazilian who was granted political asylum in the United States based on sexual persecution; and cyberspace by examining the internet chatrooms of the IRC (Internet Relay Chat) an early form of digital connectivity.Queering Spanish language
In her chapter on the IRC, "'Welcome to the Global Stage': Confessions of a Latina Cyber-Slut" in Queer Latinidad, <mask> documents the use of the "@" or arroba in words like Latin@, amig@s, or nostr@s seen in the Spanish language digital spaces she studied, as a "creative linguistic intervention in the highly gendered structure of Spanish." She writes, "Unlike the slash in words such as Latinos/as or amigas/os, which maintains a gender binary while attempting to be inclusive, the @ or "at sign," literally marks where an individual is at in terms of gender." She has also discussed the use of the "x" in terms such as Latinx and other approaches to the ungendering or queering of Spanish, although she also argues that gender can also be a site of pleasure and affirmation. Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings
Rodriguez's second book Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings (NYU Press 2014) looks at queer kinship practices, sodomy laws in Puerto Rico, Latin dance styles, commercials, pornography, burlesque, queer pride marches, alongside sexual practices such as BDSM, polyamory, daddy-play, and butch-femme role playing to examine the relationship between sexual politics and sexual practices. In the book and elsewhere, she highlights how the politics of respectability that surround sexuality inhibit the potential for more radical interventions into public policy and law around sexuality. Throughout the book, she uses the idea of gesture to emphasize non-verbal ways of communicating gendered and ethnic identity, and as a metaphor to think about activist practices that are partial, in-process and incomplete. The book features queer performance artist Xandra Ibarra, and explores the taboo subject of racialized sexual violence.Sexual practices
<mask>'s work is often specifically praised for the ways in which it deals explicitly with queer sexual practices and forms of gender expression such as butch and femme. She frequently uses her own sexual experiences, or what she terms "sexual archives" to illuminate her ideas on racialized abjection, feminine subjection, sexual vulnerability, and femme identity. In her writing, she often references the sensory, particularly touch, as a way to articulate an embodied sexual practice and a writing practice rooted in sociality. In reviews of her work, reviewers frequently remark on her lyrical use of language. Other accomplishments

Awards
In 2015, her book, Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings won the Alan Bray Memorial Book Prize, by the GL/Q Caucus of the Modern Language Association and was a Lambda Literary Foundation Finalist for LGBT Studies. At the University of California, Berkeley, she has won the Social Science Division, Distinguished Teaching Award and the Graduate Assembly's Faculty Mentor Award. Professional affiliations
A member of the American Studies Association, the Modern Language Association, and the National Women's Studies Association, she was chair of the Modern Language Association's Committee on the Status of Literatures of People of Color in the United States and edited a collection of essays entitled the "Affirmative Activism Project" on diversity in higher education.She was also elected to the National Council of the American Studies Association for a three-year term in 2013. Public engagement
A frequent public speaker and writer, <mask> has also published articles on the Orlando nightclub shooting, diversity in Higher Education, gay marriage, and bisexuality. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
City College of San Francisco alumni
Bisexual writers
Queer women
Bisexual women
University of California, Berkeley faculty
San Francisco State University alumni
Columbia University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Bryn Mawr College faculty
University of California, Davis faculty
LGBT writers from the United States
Cuban emigrants to the United States
People from Placetas
LGBT writers from Cuba
Cuban non-fiction writers
Queer writers
Ethnic studies
LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people
Queer theorists
LGBT academics

masks: Juana María de la Caridad Rodríguez y Hernández


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<mask> (September 18, 1905 – February 28, 1977) was an American comedian and actor. To a generation of early radio and television comedy he was known as "Rochester". <mask> entered show business as a teenager on the vaudeville circuit. In the early 1930s, he transitioned into films and radio. In 1937, he began his role of Rochester van Jones, usually known simply as "Rochester", the valet of Jack Benny, on his NBC radio show The Jack Benny Program. <mask> became the first African American to have a regular role on a nationwide radio program. When the series moved to CBS television in 1950, <mask> continued in the role until the series ended in 1965.After the series ended, <mask> remained active with guest starring roles on television and voice work in animated series. He was also an avid horse-racing fan who owned several race horses and worked as a horse trainer at the Hollywood Park Racetrack. He was married twice and had four children, and died of heart disease in February 1977 at the age of 71. Early life
<mask> was born in Oakland, California. His father, "Big Ed" <mask>, was a minstrel performer, while his mother, Ella Mae, had been a tightrope walker until her career was ended by a fall. He described himself as being a descendant of slaves who were able to leave the South during the Civil War through the Underground Railroad. At the age of ten, <mask> and his family moved from Oakland to San Francisco.He left school when he was 14 to work as an errand boy to help his family. Stage-struck at an early age, he spent much of his free time waiting at stage doors and cutting up on street corners with his friend and brother, Cornelius. <mask> briefly tried being a jockey, but had to give it up when he became too heavy. <mask> started in show business as part of an all African American revue at age 14; he had previously won an amateur contest at a vaudeville theater in San Francisco. <mask> joined the cast of Struttin' Along in 1923 and was part of Steppin' High both as a dancer and as one of the "Three Black Aces" with his brother, Cornelius, in 1924. He later worked in vaudeville with Cornelius. <mask> began adding comedy to his song and dance act in 1926.During one of his vaudeville tours to the East Coast, <mask> first met Jack Benny; the men only exchanged greetings and shook hands. <mask>'s vocal cords were ruptured when he was a youngster selling newspapers in San Francisco. The newsboys believed those who were able to shout the loudest sold the most papers. The permanent damage to his vocal cords left him with the gravelly voice later familiar to both radio listeners and television viewers. <mask> was also a dancer and gained his show business start in this way, but it was his uniquely recognizable voice that brought him to stardom. Career

The Jack Benny Program

<mask>'s first appearance on The Jack Benny Program was on March 28, 1937. He was originally hired to play the one-time role of a redcap on the Benny program for a storyline of the show traveling from Chicago to California by train, which coincided with the radio show's actual return to NBC's Radio City West in Hollywood after a brief stint in New York.As Jack Benny and his show staff were traveling to California by train, Benny and his writers had an idea for a comedy sketch that took place on a train with a train porter getting the better of Benny on a fictional trip from Chicago to Los Angeles. Benny liked the idea of the sketch enough to wire California to find someone for the role of the train porter before the show script was actually finished. Benny's first choice for the role was Oscar, the shoeshine man on the Paramount studios lot. Oscar's agent told the Benny show his client would take the job for $300. Benny thought this was too much money and the role went to <mask>. <mask>, who was working as a comedian in the Los Angeles Central Avenue district at the time, won the role after an audition. When Benny and cast were preparing to board the train, <mask> and Benny had their first lines together, with the following exchange:
Benny: "Hey Redcap, carry my grips a little higher; there are some things hanging out."<mask>: "Yes, sir." Benny: "Just drop the grips down here until I get my crowd together." <mask>: "Yes, Mr. Bunny." Benny: "The name's Benny." <mask>: "Well, this is Easter." There was a recurring gag wherein Benny's inquiries about their arrival in Albuquerque were met with skepticism by <mask> that such a place existed.Five weeks after <mask>'s first appearance on the Benny program, he was called for another radio role on the show, this time as a waiter in a restaurant serving the cast. In the sketch, Benny complimented <mask> on his extensive knowledge, to which <mask> replied, "I don't know where Albuquerque is". During this appearance, <mask> made himself at home on the program, joining in the Jell-O commercial with the regulars of the cast. A few weeks later, <mask> was called back once more, now for the part of a "colored fellow" who had a financial disagreement with Benny. The Benny show received a large amount of mail about <mask>'s appearances on the radio program. Benny decided to make him part of the cast as his butler and valet, Rochester van Jones. Neither Benny nor <mask> could recall how they came up with the name of Rochester for <mask>'s character.<mask> always credited Benny for the invention of the Rochester van Jones name, saying that the name was copyrighted and that Benny later sold the rights to him for a dollar. When <mask> became a regular member of the Benny show cast, he became the first African American to have a regular role on a nationwide radio program. <mask> first appeared as "Rochester" on the Benny program of June 20, 1937. Subsequent episodes gave different "origin stories" for Rochester. One radio show guest starred Amos 'n' Andy, where the skit showed that Rochester used to work for them as a taxi cab driver. Benny and Rochester collide their cars, in which Benny is clearly at fault (as Rochester's car was way up on a grease rack). Benny claimed it was Rochester's fault and threatens to sue.The racial inequality of the respective parties is explicitly referenced, and Amos 'n' Andy essentially give Rochester to Benny to settle the matter out of court. (This same episode included Mary Livingstone's infamous blooper at the very end of the show – mispronouncing "grease rack" as "grass reek".) A later television show explained that Benny met Rochester when the latter was a porter on a railroad train; Benny is responsible for Rochester being fired and then hires him as a valet to make it up to him. Benny's chief problem with <mask> was his frequently being late for the show. Benny attempted to instill punctuality in <mask> by fining him $50 each time he arrived late at the studio. <mask> had a habit of losing track of time, especially when he was talking with someone. Benny enlisted some of the cast members to drop in on him just before travel dates to make sure he would be ready to go on time.Most of the time he was not, and there were times the other cast members would need to leave without <mask> with them. On one occasion when the entire Benny show was scheduled to appear in New York, <mask>, who had been out late the night before departure day, could not be roused by Mamie on time. The <mask>s arrived at the Los Angeles train station just as the Super Chief pulled out with the rest of the radio program's cast on it. Breaking the speed limit with an LAPD motorcycle squad escort, <mask> arrived at the Pasadena train station in time to catch his train from there. Popularity
The Rochester character became immensely popular. In 1940, <mask> was invited to a Harvard University smoker but was detained by students from rival Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The comedian was met at the airport by MIT students who claimed they were on the Harvard committee.When it was discovered why <mask> was late to the Harvard gathering, a riot broke out as students from the two schools began fighting over the incident. Especially after World War II Rochester was second only to Benny himself in popularity and almost always received the most enthusiastic applause on his entrances and exits. Although he usually did not appear in the opening minutes of the shows, he began to surpass Mary Livingstone as Jack Benny's main foil, especially as Livingstone began to appear less frequently due to stage fright. In January 1949, when The Jack Benny Program moved to the CBS Radio Network, Rochester's popularity was explicitly referenced on the first show, when Benny ran into his new CBS co-workers Amos and Andy during his first visit to the studio:

Amos: That Mr. Benny is supposed to be a big comedian.... He didn't say nothin' funny. Andy: Well, Amos, it's just like I told ya', he ain't nothin' without Rochester. – Laughter and applause –

Jack Benny and Rochester had numerous running gags, often based on Rochester's attempts to evade work, desire to go to Central Avenue to drink, and Benny's business ventures, or sidelines (selling sandwiches, running a laundry service, etc.).In his early appearances (late 1930s-early 1940s), a running gag also involved Rochester's gambling habits, although this aspect of his character was toned down considerably after World War II. Stories also often involved Benny's trademark cheapness: Rochester comments that he had to buy a toothbrush "on the installment plan", and in the same episode tells an IRS agent how his pay is calculated:"Mr Benny pays me so much a month, and then he points out the deductions: so much for insurance, so much for Social Security, an' what's left over is what they call 'take-home pay'...Then he points out that I'm livin' in HIS home, so he takes it!" Mayor of Central Avenue

While <mask> was born and raised in the Oakland area, he came to the Los Angeles African American community in the 1930s in search of work in films. At the time of his success on the Benny radio show, the community thought of him as one of their own and was proud of his rise to stardom. The reality of an African American mayor of Los Angeles would not come in this era; for many years, those living in the Central Avenue area had held mock elections, with the winner being known as "the Mayor of Central Avenue". The title holder had both the right and the duty to speak up about issues affecting the local African American community. California Eagle readers opened their newspapers on May 23, 1940, to find <mask> "Rochester" <mask> asking for their votes for Mayor of Central Avenue.From his headquarters at the Dunbar Hotel, <mask> conducted his campaign mainly based on real issues, one of them being a need for African Americans to serve their country as aviators. He was deeply committed to this issue, taking flying lessons and lecturing with a Tuskegee Institute representative about this need. After <mask> announced his run for mayor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt also addressed the aviation issue, asking that the nation commit itself to building an air force. On Election Day, <mask> won the right to claim the title. Progression of race relations
<mask>'s role as a servant was common for black performers of that era, such as Ethel Waters in Beulah. The stereotyping of black characters was a standard practice in the entertainment business for generations, referencing minstrel shows, where white actors in blackface reinforced low stereotypes of laziness, ignorance, illiteracy, weakness for drinking, gambling, and carousing, and general unfitness for any position of responsibility. Jack Benny's broadcast on November 1, 1936, was entitled Doc Benny's Minstrel Show, in which the entire cast performed a minstrel show in a "black" dialect.They redid Doc Benny's Minstrel Show on March 3, 1942; the subsequent performance demonstrates the progression of race relations. According to Jack Benny's posthumous autobiography, Sunday Nights at Seven, the tone of racial humor surrounding Rochester declined following World War II, once the enormity of The Holocaust was revealed. After the war, Benny and his writers made a conscious effort to remove all stereotypical aspects from the Rochester character. The changing times became very apparent in February 1950, when a 1940 script was re-used on The Jack Benny Program. The script included several African American stereotypes — for example, a reference to Rochester carrying a razor — and prompted some listeners, who were unaware the script was reused, to send in angry letters protesting the stereotypes. Thereafter, Benny insisted that his writers guarantee that no racial jokes or references should be heard on his show. Benny often gave key guest-star appearances to African American performers such as Louis Armstrong and The Ink Spots, and Benny himself made numerous personal appeals on his show, asking listeners to reject racism in favor of fraternity and peaceful relations between all races of the world.The relationship between Rochester and Benny became more complex and familiar as the popularity of Rochester's character grew, with Rochester's role becoming both less stereotypical (in early episodes he carried a switchblade) and less subservient (though he remained a butler). As a butler he was subservient to the entire cast and was addressed as Rochester, but addressed the other characters as Mr. and Miss. Although Dennis Day's character is much younger and an idiot, Rochester respectfully addressed him as Mr. Day. Rochester often outwitted Benny, by getting Benny to mop the floor, for example. The "Rochester" character retained many of the stereotypes (lazy, gambler, drinker), but they became a part of his character, disassociated from his race. Even though some of the humor was stereotypical, it was always done so that the racial element of the joke came from <mask> and no one else. In a February 1940 multi-episode radio play in which the gang visits Yosemite National Park, Rochester bemoans about having to constantly sing songs for Jack (in order to make up for the lack of a radio in their car).Worse still, he says, "at eight o'clock he wants me to imitate 'Amos and Andy'". After a pause for audience laughter, he continues: "I can't do that blackface stuff!" Later, Rochester asks Benny if he can walk around and explore at Badger Pass. Jack consents, but warns Rochester not to "get lost in the snow", to which Rochester replies, "Who me?". During World War II, Benny toured with his show, but Rochester did not, because discrimination in the armed forces would have required separate living quarters. However, during performances of the radio program staged before armed forces audiences at bases and military hospitals, the appearance of Rochester routinely drew enthusiastic applause that arguably often outstripped that received by other members of the cast, more so than in civilian audiences. Also referenced in Benny's posthumous autobiography, Sunday Nights at Seven, was an episode at the conclusion of a broadcast originating at a military base which featured Rochester.Benny was reportedly at a table mingling with soldiers, when one serviceman told Benny how he thought Rochester was really funny and one of his favorites. Benny asked if he would like to meet him, but the soldier declined saying that where he comes from whites don't sit with people like Rochester. Appalled, Benny reportedly told him off and left the table. In 1943, when Benny brought his entire radio show cast to Canada at his own expense to perform for those in the various branches of the Canadian services, <mask> and his wife received a warm welcome. Stateside, an incident was defused by Benny when, according to reporter Fredric W. Slater,

masks:
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 <mask> was denied a room at the hotel where Benny and his staff were planning to stay in Saint Joseph, Missouri. When it was announced that <mask> could not stay there, Benny replied: "If he doesn't stay here, neither do I." The hotel allowed <mask> to remain as a guest.It was not the only time a hotel refused <mask> a room. Soon after he became part of the permanent show cast, the program went on location to New York. When a couple from the South complained about staying in the same hotel as <mask>, the hotel manager tried to get him to find a room somewhere else. Hilliard Marks, the show's producer and also Jack Benny's brother-in-law, told the manager that <mask> would leave the hotel the next day. When he did, Jack Benny and the entire radio show cast and crew totaling 44 people, joined <mask> in checking out of the hotel. Among the most highly paid performers of his time, <mask> invested wisely and became wealthy. Until the 1950s, <mask> was the highest paid African American actor, receiving an annual salary of $100,000.In 1962, <mask> was on Ebony magazine's list of the 100 wealthiest African Americans. Despite this, he was so strongly identified with the "Rochester" role that many listeners of the radio program mistakenly persisted in the belief that he was Benny's actual valet. One such listener, after hearing Rochester's jokes about his low salary, drove Benny to distraction when he sent him a scolding letter concerning Rochester's alleged pay, and then sent another letter to <mask>, which urged him to sue Benny. In reality, <mask> did well enough to have his own valet. The fact that <mask> was frequently seen at Benny's home may have helped perpetuate the idea that he was a valet to Benny. Benny held the first rehearsal of his weekly radio show at his home in Beverly Hills. Those riding the stars' homes tour buses in the morning often saw <mask> sitting on Benny's front steps, drinking from a quart of milk while waving and calling "Yoo Hoo!"to those on the tour bus. <mask> would not start rehearsal until after Benny's milkman arrived with some of his breakfast. When Benny brought his show to television in 1950, <mask> as Rochester remained part of the cast until the television show left the air after the 1964–1965 season. In 1953, <mask> appeared as Rochester in an episode of The Milton Berle Show with the storyline being that Berle wanted to hire him away from Benny. He appeared on an episode of Bachelor Father in 1962 again as Rochester, where the story was that the Gregg household had borrowed him, hoping some of the thrifty habits he learned working for Benny might cut their own expenses. The high esteem in which <mask> and Benny held each other was evident. During a February 1958 taping of a Shower of Stars special which was to celebrate Benny's "40th birthday", <mask> suffered a mild heart attack.A Life magazine photo taken at the rehearsal after <mask> was taken to the hospital, shows a concerned Benny, whose thoughts were not about the television show, but about his friend. After the television show went off the air, it was four years before the two men worked together again. Though Benny was frequently working out of town during that time, he and <mask> still kept in touch; <mask> said, "We always exchange Christmas gifts and he's not as stingy as he pretends to be." On the 1968 special Jack Benny's Bag, Benny introduced <mask> as "my lifelong friend, Rochester" and asked <mask> to work with him on a new television series. The plots brought up by Benny were of recent or current television shows, with <mask> reminding him that this had already been done. Benny then asked <mask> about coming back to work for him as his valet. <mask> replied, "Hold it, Blue Eyes, we don't do that any more."The following year, Rochester appeared again in the special Jack Benny's New Look, where Rochester drives Benny home in a Rolls Royce after Benny's meeting with Gregory Peck to discuss appearing as a guest star. Benny:  "Well Rochester, congratulate me. Gregory Peck said that he would be on my show"

Rochester:  "Good, good. I'll bet you had to pay him a lot of money"

Benny:  "You're wrong. He's going to do the show for nothing". Rochester:  "How did you do that?" Benny:  "Because I'm a very good salesman.I didn't come right out and ask him. I was very subtle"

Rochester:  "What did you do? Did you cut your wrist?" At the conclusion of the trip, Benny remarks "Thanks for the ride, Rochester. And oh by the way, you have a beautiful car!" Upon Benny's death in 1974, a tearful <mask>, interviewed for television, spoke of Benny with admiration and respect. Films
<mask>'s film career began with George Cukor's What Price Hollywood?(1932), as a butler to one of the lead characters, and appeared in dozens of Hollywood films through the 1930s and 1940s. <mask> appeared on screen with radio boss Jack Benny for the first time in the film Man About Town (1939). The duo appeared in a few other feature films, including Buck Benny Rides Again (1940). In addition to his role with Benny, <mask> appeared in over sixty motion pictures, including The Green Pastures (1936) as Noah, Jezebel (1938) as 'Gros Bat', Capra's You Can't Take It with You (1938) as Donald, and in Gone with the Wind (1939) as Uncle Peter, among many others. He reprised his 'Rochester' role in Topper Returns (1941), this time as Cosmo Topper's valet (though he jokes about Mr. Benny in the film). He had a rare lead role in the all-star black Hollywood musical, Vincente Minnelli's debut film, Cabin in the Sky (1943),  as Joseph 'Little Joe' Jackson. The film Brewster's Millions (1945) in which <mask> was one of the stars, was banned in some Southern areas.The Memphis Board of Motion Picture Censors banned the film from being shown there, saying about <mask>, "(he) has an important role and has too familiar a way about him. ", and about the film itself, "(it) presents too much social equality and racial mixture." <mask>, Benny, and the remaining cast members of The Jack Benny Program (Mary Livingstone, Don Wilson, and Mel Blanc) also provided their voices to the Warner Bros. cartoon The Mouse that Jack Built (1959), directed by Robert McKimson. This cartoon portrays rodent versions of the show's characters. The real Jack Benny appears as himself at the end. <mask>'s last significant feature film performance was as one of the taxi drivers in Stanley Kramer's comedy, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), in which Benny made a cameo appearance (though they did not appear together). <mask> was elected into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame in 1975.Other performances
<mask> appeared as a mystery guest on the television game show What's My Line? in 1952. Since the panel was blindfolded, Dorothy Kilgallen's question, "Are you brunette? ", brought a roar of laughter from the audience; <mask> laughed so hard he was not able to reply to the question. In 1957, Hallmark Hall of Fame presented The Green Pastures, giving <mask> the chance to reprise his film role as Noah on television; the program was nominated for an Emmy Award. <mask> also appeared on episodes of The Dick Powell Show, It Takes a Thief, and Love, American Style. In the early 1970s, <mask> was the voice of cartoon character Bobby Joe Mason in Harlem Globe Trotters and The New Scooby-Doo Movies.By 1972, he attempted a comeback with a nightclub act in Houston which led to being cast in Broadway revival of Good News, but was forced to resign due to bad health. Other business ventures
Though <mask> had roles in films such as The Green Pastures and was a dancer at the Cotton Club in Culver City, California, when he first came to Hollywood, his real success did not arrive until he became a regular on The Jack Benny Program. Not long after he became a regular cast member on the Benny show, <mask> opened a nightclub in the Central Avenue section of Los Angeles. <mask>'s nightclub was short-lived because he was too generous with his friends. The club was picking up the tab for too many guests and <mask> was forced to close the nightclub not long after it opened. During World War II, <mask> was the owner of the Pacific Parachute Company, an African American owned and operated business that made parachutes for the Army and Navy. He also managed a boxer, Billy Metcalfe, in the 1940s.<mask> had an astute business sense; in 1948, he saw the value and potential of Las Vegas as an entertainment center. With the idea of building and operating a hotel and casino there where African Americans would be welcome, he asked for investors to join him in the venture. <mask> failed to attract enough people willing to invest, and he was unable to complete the plan. When the Moulin Rouge Hotel, an integrated hotel and casino, opened in 1955, <mask> was brought in for its opening. He expressed regret at the thought that the hotel might have been his if he had the further financial backing. Personal life

Marriages and children
On May 2, 1939, <mask> married Mamie (née Wiggins) Nelson. She was the daughter of Alonzo and Annie Wiggins of Eastman, Georgia.Mamie died on August 5, 1954, at the age of 43, following a two-year battle with cancer. At the time of her death, she and <mask> had been married for 15 years and her son Billy (<mask>'s stepson) was playing professional football for the Chicago Bears. Billy was born George Billy Nelson to Mamie Wiggins and her previous husband on March 8, 1929, in Los Angeles. When Mamie married <mask>, Billy was adopted and took the surname <mask>. Following Mamie's death, <mask> married Evangela "Eva" Simon on February 8, 1956, at Kingman, Arizona. The couple had three children: daughters Stephanie and Evangela Jr. ("Eva"), and son Edmund Jr. Simon and <mask> divorced in 1973 with <mask> retaining custody of his minor son and daughter. Home

Like many African Americans in the entertainment industry, <mask> made his home in the West Adams district of Los Angeles.In previous times, the district had been home to doctors, lawyers, and railroad barons. In the Depression era, the area had fallen into hard times, with many residents needing to either sell their homes or rent out rooms in them. By the 1940s, the African American entertainment community began purchasing homes in the district, nicknaming it "Sugar Hill". Some property owners reacted to their new neighbors by adding restrictive covenants to their deeds. The covenants either prohibited African Americans from purchasing a property or inhabiting it once purchased. The practice was declared illegal by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1948. Since <mask> wanted to build a home designed by Paul Williams, he was limited in his choice of a site for it by these restrictive covenants.As a result, his large and luxurious home with a swimming pool where the neighborhood children were always welcome, stands in an area of smaller, bungalow-style homes. The street was renamed because 'Rochester' lived on it. Hobbies
<mask> built model airplanes and racing cars, but also designed a life-size sports car for himself in 1951. <mask> combined a Cadillac engine under the hood and a sleek, low-slung exterior to create a car he both drove and exhibited at various sports car shows throughout the country. <mask>, who was the skipper of his own cabin cruiser, was missing and feared lost at sea in February 1946. When the boat developed engine trouble, <mask> and his two friends did everything sailors are expected to do to signal an SOS. They used mirrors, built fires, used lanterns and flew the ship's flag upside-down to indicate they were in distress.They spent the night adrift until a fishing boat finally spotted them and towed them into Los Angeles harbor. <mask> did not realize he had caused great concern until he heard a news story on the radio that described the search for him as still continuing. On the following Sunday, <mask> was back on the "Lucky Strike Program," and joked with Jack Benny about the incident. ("That's the first time I ever had a 'lost weekend' on nothing but water!") Horse racing

<mask> was the owner of racehorses. The best known of them was Burnt Cork, a Thoroughbred that ran in the 1943 Kentucky Derby, making him the first African American owner of a horse entered into the Derby. Having been given the following day off by Benny, <mask> and his wife, Mamie, traveled to Louisville, Kentucky to see their horse run in the Derby.Since segregation in public accommodations was practiced there, the <mask>s were invited to be guests at the home of Mae Street Kidd, an African American Kentucky politician. Both before and after the race, <mask> was accused of entering his horse in the race strictly for publicity purposes for himself, especially after Burnt Cork finished last. Those making the statements believed this tarnished the name and history of the race. Jack Cuddy, a United Press International sports columnist, pointed out in his column that around the same time Burnt Cork ran last for <mask>, King George VI's horse, Tipstaff, finished last at Ascot without any of the comments that surrounded <mask>. When Burnt Cork won an important race, <mask> came to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for work dressed as a Kentucky colonel; he also insisted on being called "Colonel Rochester". After the Benny television show had left the air, <mask> turned back to his love of horses and racing, working as a trainer at the Hollywood Park Racetrack until shortly before his death. He acquired much of his knowledge when one of his racing horses, Up and Over, was injured in a fall; it was suggested that the horse be euthanized due to the extent of those injuries.<mask> refused this and said he would take care of his injured animal. He spent extensive periods of time at the Paramount Pictures studio library, reading everything in their collection on equine anatomy. This led <mask> to a veterinary surgeon who was interested in helping Up and Over; together the two men got the thoroughbred back on his feet again. Death
<mask> died of heart disease on February 28, 1977, at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Los Angeles, California. He was buried in Los Angeles in historic Evergreen Cemetery, the oldest existing cemetery in the city. Legacy
In a last philanthropic gesture, he willed his sizable home to be used to help reform substance abusers. Three decades after his death, The Eddie Rochester Anderson Foundation in Los Angeles ("The Rochester House") helps troubled men transition into society and is an at-risk substance sober-living residence for homeless substance abusers.The Rochester House opened its doors at several neighboring properties in 1989, and is dedicated in memory of <mask>. <mask>'s son, <mask>., later established The <mask> "Rochester" Anderson Foundation. For his contribution to the radio industry, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Radio, at 6513 Hollywood Blvd, in Hollywood. In 2001, <mask> was posthumously inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame. Filmography

See also

Footnotes

Works cited

External links

1905 births
1977 deaths
20th-century American male actors
African-American male comedians
African-American male dancers
African-American dancers
American male dancers
American male film actors
American racehorse owners and breeders
American male radio actors
American male voice actors
Burials at Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles
Male actors from Oakland, California
Vaudeville performers
People from San Bruno, California
Apollo Records artists
African-American male actors
American male television actors
Comedians from California
People from West Adams, Los Angeles
20th-century American comedians
20th-century American dancers
20th-century African-American

masks:
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<mask> (I) from the kindred <mask> (; died 1279 or 1280) was a Hungarian nobleman and courtier, who served as Master of the horse from 1273 to 1274 and in 1277 (it is possible he also bore the dignity in 1279). He was also Master of the stewards for a short time in 1274. He was a confidant of the Hungarian monarchs during the internal wars. Ancestry and family
Herbord was born into the gens (clan) Osl, which originated from Sopron County. He was one of the seven sons of <mask> I, the first known member of the kindred, who founded a Premonstratensian monastery in Csorna. Herbord's brothers were Beled, who was Master of the cupbearers in the court of Duke Béla and ancestor of the Vicai family, which existed until 1873; <mask>, who served as Master of the treasury and Ban of Severin, and was also ancestor of the Ostfi family; Benedict, Bishop of Várad then Győr; Nicholas, who functioned as ispán of Győr County; Thomas, who did not hold any courtly positions, was forefather of the Csornai and Kanizsai noble families; and John, whose branch died out by the early 14th century. Herbord had two children from his unidentified wife: his son was <mask> II, also called with the surname Herbortyai, who was last mentioned by contemporary records in 1321.He had a son Stephen. <mask>'s branch, which remained marginal in the nobility, became extinct between around 1453 and 1455. His only daughter was Catherine, who married John Csák ("the Greyhound") from the Kisfalud branch of the gens Csák. She was deceased person by 1258 and her marriage produced three children; through them she became matriarch of the Mihályi then Csáky de Mihály noble families. Military and court service
<mask> <mask> grew up in the royal court of Andrew II together with Duke Béla, therefore possibly he was born in the early 1200s. He belonged to the group of so-called "royal youth" (, ), who supported the monarchs and took a leading role in royal military campaigns. He was first chronologically mentioned by contemporary documents in 1230, when participated in the military campaign of the duke, who crossed the Carpathian Mountains and laid siege to Halych together with his Cuman allies.According to King Béla's charter from 1248, he "fought appreciatively" at the "Porta Rusica" (lit. "Russian Gate"), then participated in the skirmish along the river Dniester. It is possible that he also fought in the post-1235 wars against the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, following Béla IV asenceded the Hungarian throne after his father's death. During the First Mongol invasion of Hungary, when Béla escaped after the disastrous Battle of Mohi, took place on 11 April 1241, and fled to the coast of the Adriatic Sea, Herbord left behind his estates and relatives and joined to the royal companion to Croatia and Dalmatia by the end of June. The king took refugee in the well-fortified Trogir and entrusted Herbord to protect his eldest son Stephen at the fortress of Klis. Subsequently, he was one of the nobles, who protected the western boundary against the raids of Frederick the Quarrelsome. Herbord besieged and successfully recaptured the castle of Kőszeg with his own army from the Austrian and Styrian troops, according to the aforementioned royal charter of 1248.For his success and loyalty, he was granted landholdings beyond the Drava river. According to the royal charter of 1248, he was sent to foreign courts in several occasions as an envoy and representative of the Hungarian king throughout in the 1230s. He acted in this capacity primarily on behalf of princes Coloman then Rostislav, pretender to the Principality of Halych. It is possible, that he was involved in Hungarian legations to the Polish and Bohemian realms too. He also served his monarch in Dalmatia as his loyal trustee following the Mongol invasion. Especially since the 1250s, <mask> was commissioned to act as a pristaldus (royal commissioner or "bailiff") by Béla IV. For instance, when the monarch judged in the lawsuit between Amadeus Pok, Bishop of Győr and the burghers of Sopron over the property right of port duties in Lake Fertő (Neusiedl) in 1254, <mask> and a delegate of the Pannonhalma Abbey drafted the borders in the region.He again appeared as a pristaldus during a revisory act of the donation of Vasvár in 1256. He led an investigation in the case of lands Babót and Monoros in 1262. Alongside the abbot of the Klostermarienberg Abbey (Borsmonostor), he inaugurated the ispánate (lordship) of Locsmánd (present-day Lutzmannsburg in Austria) to the ownership of Lawrence Aba, Master of the stewards in 1263. He usually functioned as pristaldus in connection with legal affairs in Sopron County in the second half of the 1260s too. He remained loyal to Béla IV, whose relationship with his oldest son and heir, Stephen, became tense in the early 1260s, which caused a civil war lasting until 1266. He was referred to as baron (thus a holder of a royal dignity) in 1266, but the royal charter did not specify his office. It is possible that he served as Master of the horse or Master of the cupbearers sometimes in the 1260s.<mask> was considered a loyal partisan of Béla IV. During his court service, he has successfully increased his fortune. He first appeared in contemporary documents in this context in 1238, when bought a vineyard from the nobles of Őrség for 26 marks. In the next year, he filed a lawsuit alongside his brothers against their relative Nicholas, son of Szatmár, who donated some of his landholdings in Sopron County to the Knights Templar. However their verdict was unsuccessful, as Béla IV confirmed Nicholas' last will and the donated lands remained property of the chivalric order. <mask> acquired the land of Széplak from his nephew John by pledge in 1261, in addition to some portions in Csorna. He bought Pertel (today Magyarkeresztúr) in 1269.He gained the estate Bezeg from Nicholas Ákos via a lawsuit; the land laid in the neighbor of Csáva (present-day Stoob, Austria), which then was the centre of Herbord's domains. He was granted the land Rasina in Slavonia by Béla IV in 1248; this is the only known royal donation for Herbord, who founded a nearby village, which was subsequently called Herbortya after him. Following acquiring estates in Sopron County, he moved to Széplak, where he intended to build a new residence. Despite his efforts, his aspirations to increase the number of possessions remained marginal and confined, as compared to his powerful neighbor lords, the Kőszegi family and the Csák clan. When Stephen V ascended the Hungarian throne after his father's death in 1270, the newly crowned monarch permitted Herbord to build a fortress at Lake Fertő in order to strengthen the Western border against Ottokar II of Bohemia. Last years as baron
Following the sudden death of Stephen V and the coronation of the child ruler Ladislaus IV in 1272, Herbord was made ispán of Tolna County, according to two royal charters in November. Following that, he was appointed ispán of Baranya County still in that year.He again served in this capacity from 1273 to 1275, and for a short time in 1277. While holding the latter office, he and his namesake son had various lawsuits and hostilities with local baron Conrad Győr, who owned extended lands in the county (some historians claim those documents referred to Herbord from the gens Hahót). <mask> elevated into the position of Master of the horse in late 1273, holding the dignity until the next year, simultaneously with his position in Baranya County. During that time, the Kőszegi–Gutkeled–Geregye baronial group governed the kingdom, obtaining the majority of the dignities of the royal court, but considerably <mask> did not belong to their alliance. He lost his office at the same time, when the Kőszegis were expelled from the power after the Battle of Föveny, but <mask> was appointed Master of the stewards thereafter. Nevertheless, he bore the title only for few days in September 1274, when he was replaced by Nicholas Pok. Ladislaus IV donated Rábakecöl to Herbord in 1276; he exchanged the land for some other estates in Sopron County in the next year.He was again appointed as Master of the horse and ispán of Baranya County in the first half of 1277; the Csák baronial group obtained the majority of positions during that time. Soon, <mask> was replaced by Peter Aba still in that year, around November. He was last mentioned as ispán of Vas County by a royal charter in March 1279. It is possible that he is identical with that unidentified nobleman H., as only the first letter was preserved from his name in a charter of August 1279, who was mentioned as Master of the horse and ispán of Moson County. <mask> was referred to as a deceased person by 1280, when his son <mask> II donated some of his inherited lands to the Premonstratensian monastery of Csorna, in accordance with his father's last testament. References

Sources

13th-century Hungarian people
Herbord
Masters of the stewards
Masters of the horse (Kingdom of Hungary)

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<mask> (; September 14, 1934 – October 15, 1994) was a French philosopher . Biography
Kofman began her teaching career in Toulouse in 1960 at the , and worked with both Jean Hyppolite and Gilles Deleuze. Her abandoned primary thesis (thèse principale) for her State doctorate, later published as Nietzsche et la métaphore, was supervised by Deleuze. In 1969 Kofman met Jacques Derrida and began attending his seminars at the École Normale Supérieure. Kofman did not receive tenure until 1991, when she was appointed to a chair at Paris I.

Kofman was the author of numerous books, including several on Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud. Her book, L'énigme de la femme: La femme dans les textes de Freud (1980), is perhaps the most thorough consideration of Freud's ideas concerning female sexuality. Writings
Though many of her philosophical writings focused on Nietzsche and Freud, Kofman wrote several works in an autobiographical vein.Paroles suffoquées (1987) is dedicated to the memory of her father, rabbi Bereck Kofman, whom she saw for the last time on July 16, 1942, and who was killed at Auschwitz. Rue Ordener, rue Labat (1994) also opens with the removal of her father by the French police, and describes what Kofman understands to have been his fate. The title refers to two Parisian streets: the address at which her family lived until her father's arrest; and the address at which she was sheltered for much of the remainder of the war. Kofman was taken in by a Parisian divorcée who became her surrogate mother and whom she called Mémé. The book tells the story of this period, and of the custody dispute between Mémé and Kofman's mother following the liberation of Paris. Death
Kofman committed suicide in 1994. The fact that she did so on the date of Nietzsche's 150th birthday has been seen by some writers as significant.After her death, Jacques Derrida wrote the following:

Bibliography

Books
L'enfance de l'art: Une interprétation de l'esthétique freudienne (1970). Trans. : The Childhood of Art: An Interpretation of Freud's Aesthetics (1988). Nietzsche et la métaphore (1972). Trans. : Nietzsche and Metaphor (1993). Camera obscura: De l'idéologie (1973).Trans. : Camera Obscura: Of Ideology (1998). Quatre romans analytiques (1974). Trans. : Freud and Fiction (1991). Autobiogriffures (1976). Aberrations: Le devenir-femme d'Auguste Comte (1978).Nerval: Le charme de la répétition (1979). Nietzsche et la scène philosophique (1979). L'énigme de la femme: La femme dans les textes de Freud (1980). Trans. : The Enigma of Woman: Woman in Freud's Writings (1985). Le respect des femmes (Kant et Rousseau) (1982). Comment s'en sortir?(1983). Un métier impossible: Lecture de "Constructions en analyse" (1983). Lectures de Derrida (1984). Mélancholie de l'art (1985). Pourquoi rit-on? Freud et le mot d'esprit (1986). Paroles suffoquées (1987).Trans. : Smothered Words (1998). Conversions: Le Marchand de Venise sous le signe de Saturne (1987). Socrate(s) (1989). Trans. : Socrates: Fictions of a Philosopher (1998). Séductions: De Sartre à Héraclite (1990).Don Juan ou le refus de la dette (1991). "Il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte": Freud et la spéculation  (1991). Explosion I: De l'"Ecce Homo" de Nietzsche (1992). Explosion II: Les enfants de Nietzsche (1993). Le mépris des Juifs: Nietzsche, les Juifs, l'antisémitisme (1994). Rue Ordener, rue Labat (1994). Trans.: Rue Ordener, Rue Labat (1996). L'imposture de la beauté et autres textes (1995). Selected Writings (2007). Edited by Thomas Albrecht, Georgia Albert & Elizabeth G. Rottenberg; introduction by Jacques Derrida. Articles
Note: this list does not include portions of books where a translation of the entire book was subsequently published. "No Longer Full-Fledged Autobiogriffies," SubStance 29 (1981): 3–22. From: Autobiogriffures (1976)."Sartre: Fort! Ou Da? ", Diacritics 14, 4 (1984): 9–18. "Damned Food," SubStance 49 (1986): 8–9. "Tomb for a Proper Name," SubStance 49 (1986): 9–10. "Nightmare: At the Margins of Medieval Studies," SubStance 49 (1986): 10–13. From: Comment s'en sortir?(1983). "Prometheus, the First Philosopher," SubStance 50 (1986): 26–35. From: Comment s'en sortir? (1983). "Nietzsche and the Obscurity of Heraclitus," Diacritics 17, 3 (1987): 39–55. From: Séductions: De Sartre à Héraclite (1990). "Baubô: Theological Perversion and Fetishism," in Michael Allen Gillespie & Tracy B.Strong, Nietzsche's New Seas: Explorations in Philosophy, Aesthetics, and Politics (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1988). From: Nietzsche et la scène philosophique (1979). "Beyond Aporia? ", in Andrew Benjamin (ed. ), Post-structuralist Classics (London & New York: Routledge, 1988). From: Comment s'en sortir? (1983)."'Ça cloche'," in Hugh J. Silverman (ed. ), Derrida and Deconstruction (New York & London: Routledge, 1989). From: Lectures de Derrida (1984). Originally delivered at the 1980 Cerisy colloquy, "Les finds de l'homme." "Conversions: The Merchant of Venice under the Sign of Saturn," in Peter Collier & Helga Geyer-Ryan (eds. ), Literary Theory Today (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990). From: Conversions: Le Marchand de Venise sous le signe de Saturne (1987)."Metaphoric Architectures," in Laurence A. Rickels (ed. ), Looking After Nietzsche (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990). "Descartes Entrapped," in Eduardo Cadava, Peter Connor, & Jean-Luc Nancy, Who Comes After the Subject? (New York & London: Routledge, 1991). From: Nietzsche et la scène philosophique (1979). "Rousseau's Phallocratic Ends," in
"Explosion I: Of Nietzsche's Ecce Homo," Diacritics 24, 4 (1994): 50–70. From: Explosion I: De l'"Ecce Homo" de Nietzsche (1992)."A Fantastical Genealogy: Nietzsche's Family Romance," in Peter J. Burgard (ed. ), Nietzsche and the Feminine (Charlottesville & London: University Press of Virginia, 1994). From: Explosion I: De l'"Ecce Homo" de Nietzsche (1992). "'It's Only the First Step That Costs'," in Sonu Shamdasani & Michael Münchow (eds. ), Speculations After Freud: Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, Culture (London & New York: Routledge, 1994). From: "Il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte": Freud et la spéculation  (1991). "Wagner's Ascetic Ideal According to Nietzsche," in Richard Schacht (ed.), Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality: Essays on Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994). "The Psychologist of the Eternal Feminine (Why I Write Such Good Books, 5)," Yale French Studies 87 (1995): 173–89. From: Explosion II: Les enfants de Nietzsche (1993). "Accessories (Ecce Homo, 'Why I Write Such Good Books,' 'The Untimelies,' 3)," in Peter R. Sedgwick (ed. ), Nietzsche: A Critical Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995). From: Explosion II: Les enfants de Nietzsche (1993). "The Economy of Respect: Kant and Respect for Women," in Robin May Schott (ed.), Feminist Interpretations of Immanuel Kant (University Park, Penn. : Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997). From: Le respect des femmes (Kant et Rousseau) (1982). "The Imposture of Beauty: The Uncanniness of Oscar Wilde's Picture of Dorian Gray," in Penelope Deutscher & Kelly Oliver (eds. ), Enigmas: Essays on <mask> (Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 1999). From: L'imposture de la beauté et autres textes (1995). Interviews
"<mask>man," interview with Alice Jardine, in Alice Jardine & Anne M. Menke (eds.), Shifting Scenes: Interviews on Women, Writing, and Politics in Post-68 France (New York & Oxford: Columbia University Press, 1991). "Writing without Power: A Conversation with <mask>man," interview with Ursula Konnertz, Women's Philosophy Review (June 1995): 5–8. See also
List of thinkers influenced by deconstruction

References

Further reading
Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten, 'Respect and Shame: <mask>man on Veiling' in T. Botz-Bornstein, Veils, Nudity, and Tattoos: The New Feminine Aesthetics (Lanham: Lexington-Rowman & Littlefield, 2015), 71–79. Chanter, Tina, & Pleshette DeArmitt (eds. ), <mask>fman's Corpus (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2008). Deutscher, Penelope, & Kelly Oliver (eds. ), Enigmas: Essays on <mask>man (Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 1999).Includes a foreword by Jean-Luc Nancy and an extensive bibliography of Kofman's writing. Faulkner, Joanne, 'Keeping it in the Family’: <mask>man Reading Nietzsche as a Jewish Woman." Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy. 23[1] January–March 2008: 41-64. Robson, Kathryn, Bodily detours: <mask>man's Narratives of Childhood Trauma. Tan, Jean Emily P., <mask>man as philosopher of the uncanny double: <mask>man's appropriation of Nietzsche and Freud (ProQuest, UMI Dissertation Publishing, 2011). Thériault, Mélissa, "Humor" and "Autobiography" in <mask>, ECC- Encyclopedia of Concise Concepts by Women Philosophers, 2019.External links

1934 births
1994 suicides
Writers from Paris
École Normale Supérieure alumni
University of Paris faculty
French autobiographers
20th-century French Jews
French women philosophers
Jewish philosophers
Continental philosophers
Philosophers of sexuality
Women and psychology
Freudians
Poststructuralists
20th-century French philosophers
20th-century French women writers
Suicides in France
French women essayists
Women autobiographers
Women religious writers
20th-century French essayists

masks:
Sarah Kofman
Sarah Kofman
Sarah Kof
Sarah Kof
Sarah Kof
Sarah Ko
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Sarah Kofman


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<mask> (born August 9, 1954) is an American former professional basketball player, who played collegiate basketball for the Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball team and was selected 57th  by the New York Knicks in the 1976 NBA draft

High school career
A native of San Antonio, Texas, <mask> attended Thomas Jefferson High School (San Antonio). One of San Antonio’s most decorated athletes, <mask> was a 6’9 juggernaut obtaining a career total of 1,941 points in 104 games, with 893 of those points cashed in 37 games of his senior year. During his three years at Jefferson High School, <mask> averaged 24.1 points a game and was able to lead the Mustangs to win 92 of the 104 games played over a three year span with him in the lineup. <mask> led the Jefferson Mustangs to the 1972 5A State Championship losing to Dallas Roosevelt, but achieving a career high of 44 points, which still stands as a Championship game Individual high score record for  University Interscholastic League State Championship games. <mask> held the San Antonio city scoring record for 25 years until West Campus’ Devin Brown broke it in 1997. Collegiate career

After high school, <mask> was a highly sought after player, and accepted a scholarship to attend Texas Tech University where he played for Coach Gerald Myers. While attending Texas Tech, <mask> was an interior colossus who led the Red Raiders to two Southwest Conference titles in the 1973 and 1976 seasons, as well as qualifying for the NCAA tournament respectfully in those years too.His freshmen year was a great introduction, as <mask> hoisted the Red Raiders to a 19-8 record overall, finishing first in The Southwest Conference. <mask> averaged 13.8 points per game, as well as 7.5 rebounds. Texas Tech qualified for the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, but fell to University of South Carolina in the first round 78-70. The following year, <mask> had a sensational sophomore year averaging 21.4 points and 10.7 rebounds. During <mask>’s junior year, he averaged 20.9 points and 11.0 rebounds per game. With experience under his belt, <mask> led the Red Raiders (25-6) ; (13-3, 2nd in SWC) to the NCAA Sweet 16 his senior year, going further than the first round before losing to Missouri 75-86. He was awarded All Regional honors in  tourney.Statistically, <mask> is an arguably one of the best, if not the best Red Raider to ever hit the hardwood. <mask> is the only Red Raider to score 2,000 points and pull down 1,000 rebounds. At one time, <mask>'s 2,118 points were the scoring record, as well as his 842 career fields record of 842, which he held for 26 years, yet currently ranks third most in school history, as are his 1,057 rebounds. <mask> also achieved a school best of 50 double-doubles during his tenure with a field goal percentage of 57 percent, which is second best behind only Will Flemons. <mask> also recorded a streak of 10 straight 20-point games, the second longest streak of that kind in Texas Tech history. In regard to other prolific accomplishments, <mask> was Newcomer of the Year in 1973, Southwest Conference Player of the Year in 1975 and 1976, as well as, Southwest Conference Tournament MVP in 1976. He was a four-time All-Southwest Conference first-team selection.<mask> was also recognized nationally as a freshman All-America selection in 1973 and earned Associated All-America honorable mention as a sophomore, junior and senior. <mask> was the twice the leading vote-getter for the  Universal Sports All-America and earned USBWA All-District team as a junior and a senior. <mask> is the sole proprietor of two top 10 individual game scoring performances in Texas Tech basketball history. <mask> erupted 44 points against Eddie Sutton and the Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team in 1976 which ranks third as a follow up from his 41-point outburst in 1974 against Texas Christian University, which is tied with three other performances for seventh-best in Texas Tech basketball history. <mask> also pulled 22 rebounds against Adams State on December 2, 1974. Nationally, <mask> ranked in the Top 20 in scoring and field goal percentage for three straight seasons. <mask> finished ranked among the nation's scoring leaders in 1974 (37th) and 1976 (24th).He was also ranked among the nation's leaders in field-goal percentage in 1974 (14th) and 1975 (21st). <mask> averaged 20.3 points and 8.7 rebounds in three NCAA Tournament games in 1973 and 1976 (1-2 record). <mask> also was selected as a starter for both the Coaches All-Star Game and the Pizza Hut All-Star Classic following his senior season. <mask> was inducted as a member in the Texas Tech Hall of Fame and the Texas Association of Basketball Coaches in 1985, the Southwest Conference Hall Of Fame in 2013, the Texas Tech Ring of Honor in March 2019, the San Antonio Sports Hall of Fame  and was listed by the University Scholastic League (UIL) as one of the top 100 Texas high school basketball players of all time in 2021. Professional career

The New York Knicks selected Bullock as the 57th pick in the fourth round of the 1976 NBA Draft. After a short stint with the Knicks, <mask> signed with the San Antonio Spurs in April 1977. <mask> shortly transitioned from the NBA to play in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) for the Lancaster Red Roses during the 1978-79 season.While on the roster, <mask> averaged 13.8 points, 10.8 rebounds and 1.2 assists per game in his 33-game career with the Red Roses, but found tremendous success furthering his professional career in Europe playing in the EuroLeague. <mask> played for Pallacanestro Cantù and Fribourg Olympic Basket, formerly known as Benneton Fribourg where he won two championships in 1981 and 1982. After the 1982-1983 Euroleague season, <mask> left Fribourg Olympic and returned back to the states in July 1983. <mask> reconnected with the New York Knicks again, this time under new head coach Hubie Brown, who has replaced Red Holzman, but both parties parted ways prior to the beginning of the 1983 season. Personal life
After his basketball career, <mask> returned home where he has worked for the city of San Antonio. He is married and has three children. References

<mask>

1954 births
Living people

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Rick Bullock
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<mask> (, 1 October 1962 – 8 October 2018) was a Venezuelan–Colombian activist, lawyer, politician, and prominent figure within the Justice First opposition party. <mask> served as a councilman of the Libertador Municipality of Caracas from 2012 until his death in office in 2018. He died while he was detained in the headquarters of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN) in Plaza Venezuela, Caracas. Government officials initially reported his death as a suicide, but his friends, family, opposition political parties and Luis Almagro, Secretary General of the Organization of American States, argued that the councilor's death was murder. In May 2021 Maduro's Attorney General, Tarek William Saab, admitted that <mask> did not commit suicide as initially reported, but was killed. Personal life and early career
<mask> was born in Colombia, and relocated to Venezuela at the age of four. At the time of his death, he held citizenship in both countries.He was a devout Catholic, and had worked with the Archdiocese of Caracas on many charity projects. <mask>, a lawyer who specialized in labor law, received his law degree from Central University of Venezuela. He served as the national secretary of the Justice First trade union association. He was elected to the Capital District's Libertador Bolivarian Municipality council in the 2013 municipal elections, winning the election with 6,170 votes and representing Circuit 3 on the council. <mask> with his wife, Meudy, and their two children, <mask> and María, maintained a residence in New York at the time of his death. Arrest
<mask> traveled to New York City for the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, as part of a Justice First opposition delegation led by Julio Borges. <mask>, Borges, and other members of the delegation had meetings with foreign dignitaries and other groups attending the assembly.<mask> was detained by Venezuelan authorities at Simón Bolívar International Airport on Friday, 5 October 2018, upon his return to the country. No reason for his arrest was given, and no details were provided of where he was being held, until after his death. The BBC reported that people close to him did not believe the official reason for arrest, instead saying that <mask> was arrested for presenting information about human rights violations in Venezuela during the assembly. While detained, <mask> was pressured by the Maduro government to testify against Borges about the Caracas drone attack; he refused, and told this to his family and lawyers when they spoke to him. Tarek William Saab, prosecutor general for the Maduro administration, later stated that Albán was arrested because of "evidence of 2,000 chats with conspiratorial themes". The number has also been reported as 200, and the chats were defined as conversations found on Albán's personal mobile phone. Death

<mask> was taken into SEBIN custody after his arrest, and was said after his death to be a suspect for the Caracas drone attack that had occurred two months earlier.He was seen by lawyer Joel García on Sunday after his arrest on Friday, but was reported dead on Monday, 8 October. The government states that he died by suicide when he jumped from a tenth-floor window either whilst he was waiting to be transferred (Interior Minister Néstor Reverol's account) or whilst going to the bathroom (Saab's account) at around midday. According to anonymous sources that Julio Borges says are official, <mask> was dead before he was thrown out of a window. According to William Jiménez, former coordinator of national investigations of the Caracas morgue, the autopsy revealed that water was found in <mask>'s lungs and Néstor Reverol ordered the report to be edited. The narrative was widely disputed. Efecto Cocuyo noted the differences in official stories, and quoted former SEBIN prisoners explaining that detainees are always escorted to the bathroom, opening further doubts, as the bathroom version was the first explanation given. Lawyers who knew the building confirmed that there are no windows in the bathroom and that all of the windows are locked, so Albán could not have opened one himself.His death, called murder by many, prompted protests across Venezuela and received worldwide media attention. A memorial was held at the National Assembly building the day after his death; his body was immediately released, but contained within a flag-draped coffin. He was buried on Wednesday, 10 October. His family watched his funeral on video from their residence in New York. His devout Catholic faith is cited by friends, colleagues, and the conference of Catholic bishops of Venezuela as a reason to not believe the official story regarding his death, because he had too much respect for God to consider taking his own life. Investigations
The office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an investigation into <mask>'s death, and planned to include it in a wider investigation into human rights abuses in the country. The European Union also asked for an independent investigation.Tarek William Saab, Venezuelan prosecutor general, said that he would investigate the death, but classified it as a suicide. García pointed out in response that a death can not be classified as suicide without an autopsy and investigation, and requested to be present at the autopsy. García was not present at the secret autopsy supposedly performed shortly before burial; Saab announced that the autopsy found that Albán died of blunt force trauma. It was later reported that there were two different death certificates, the first issued by a community doctor without the credentials to do so, and the other by a supposed doctor using a stolen identity. The opposition government in Venezuela asked that Colombia perform the investigation, so that it would be unbiased. García suggested that since <mask> retained his Colombian citizenship after moving to Venezuela, Colombia could have more legal rights to pursue an investigation; the international ramifications of the event were heightened when Albán's place of birth and heritage (his parents and ancestors are all Colombian) were made public knowledge. In May 2021, Maduro's Attorney General, Tarek William Saab, admitted that Albán did not commit suicide, as initially reported by government officials, but was killed.Response
With his body concealed, the public became concerned that <mask> had been tortured, which was supported by allegations from the Venezuelan opposition government, including Borges directly. A demonstration was held outside the city mortuary for the release of his body, with fears he would be cremated before anyone could examine it. The United Nations suggested that the Venezuelan government and intelligence service can be held responsible regardless of how <mask> died, as officials are "obligated to ensure Albán’s safety while in their custody". Article 44 of the Constitution of Venezuela says that the State is responsible for protecting the lives of its prisoners. Venezuelan opposition deputy Juan Miguel Matheus gave a speech describing the torture of Albán, saying that he would have been electrocuted and asphyxiated. Luisa Ortega Díaz – the exiled Venezuelan Chief Justice – announced her understanding that Albán died of suffocation while being tortured by a bag over his head during interrogation. The United States has also said it believes Albán was tortured then killed.France called for an investigation into the "suspicious" death and summoned the Venezuelan ambassador to the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs on Thursday, 11 October. Spain took similar actions, questioning the Venezuelan ambassador in Madrid. Multiple foreign countries suggested that the Maduro government tortured Albán. Saab denied all claims of torture, calling them a "rotten lie". Candlelight protests, public memorials and vigils were held in Caracas, particularly outside the SEBIN buildings, to denounce the murder. Supporters marched in <mask>'s funeral procession, with some holding signs with the slogan Yo me niego a rendirme (I refuse to give up), recalling the last speech of Juan Requesens before his detention. The United States Department of State issued a statement in April 2019 highlighting <mask>'s death as an example of the Maduro administration human rights abuses, stating:In October 2018, Caracas Councilman <mask> traveled to New York to denounce the Maduro regime's brutality on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly.Upon his return to Venezuela on October 5, Maduro's secret police arrested him at the airport. He died in custody a few days later when he mysteriously fell from a 10th floor window of a maximum-security prison in Caracas. See also
List of kidnappings
List of unsolved murders
Edmundo Rada
Rafael Acosta Arévalo
Salvador Franco

References

External links
 CSIS

1962 births
2010s missing person cases
2018 deaths
Assassinated Venezuelan politicians
Central University of Venezuela alumni
Colombian people who died in prison custody
Colombian Roman Catholics
Justice First politicians
Kidnapped politicians
Male murder victims
Missing person cases in Venezuela
Naturalized citizens of Venezuela
People from Caracas
People from Palmira, Valle del Cauca
People murdered in Venezuela
People of the Crisis in Venezuela
Political repression in Venezuela
Prisoners who died in Venezuelan detention
Venezuelan city councillors
Venezuelan lawyers
Venezuelan people of Colombian descent
Venezuelan people who died in prison custody
Venezuelan Roman Catholics
Venezuelan torture victims

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Fernando Alberto Albán Salazar
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<mask> is a Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. <mask> has written extensively on subfields of literature and film studies areas such as romanticism, postmodernism, philosophy and history of science, and cultural studies. He is the author of The Aesthetics of Murder: A Study in Romantic Literature and Contemporary Culture (1991) and The Reality Effect: Film Culture and the Graphic Imperative (2002). Career

Education and awards
In 1972, <mask> completed his B.A. at Columbia College of Columbia University, and then one year later he finished his M.A. in English Literature, also at Columbia University. In the 1976-77 school year, <mask> won a fellowship called the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienststipendium, and in 1979, he won a Fellowship at the School of Criticism and Theory at the University of California at Irvine).In 1979, <mask> completed his Ph.D. in Comparative Literature at Stanford University. In the 1982-83 school term, <mask> won an NEH Fellowship for Independent Study and Research, and in 1989, he won a Fulbright Travel Grant. In  1990, 1992, 1994–96, and 1998, <mask> won University of Georgia Faculty Research Grants, and in 1997, <mask> received the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library Fellowship. Research and Teaching
In 1978-79, <mask> was an Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature at Hamilton College in New York state. From 1979 to 1982, <mask> was an Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. From 1983 to 1986, he was an Assistant Prof. of Comparative Literature at the University of Georgia. In 1986, <mask> was promoted to Associate Professor at the University of Georgia.In 1986 and 1989, <mask> was a UGA Exchange Professor at Universitaire, Instelling Antwerpen, Antwerp, in Belgium. In 1990, <mask> was a Visiting Professor at Emory University. In 2003, <mask> was promoted to Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Georgia. Bibliography

Books
The Aesthetics of Murder: A Study in Romantic Literature and Contemporary Culture (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991)
The Reality Effect: Film Culture and the Graphic Imperative (Routledge, 2002), iix + 286pp. Chapters, Articles, and Essays
"Scientific Models," in The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism (Volume 5: Romanticism), ed. Marshall Brown (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 115–137."Literature as Secret History," in Literatur im Zeitalter der Globalisierung, eds. Manfred Schmeling, Monika Schmitz-Emans, and Kerst Walstra (Würzburg: Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, 2000), pp. 83–97. "The Genealogy of Violence in African-American Literature: Non-Native Sources of Native Son," in The Conscience of Humankind: Literature and Traumatic Experience (Vol. 3 of the Proceedings of the Fifteenth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association), ed. Elrud Ibsch (Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, 2000), pp. 325–36."Literature, Film and Virtuality: Technology's Cutting Edge," in Extreme Beauty: Aesthetics, Politics and Death, eds. James E. Swearingen and Joanne Cutting-Gray (London: Continuum, 2002), pp. 78–88. "Real(ist) Horror: From Execution Videos to Snuff Films," in Underground USA: Filmmaking Beyond the Hollywood Canon, eds. Xavier Mendik and Steven Jay Schneider (London: Wallflower Press, 2002). "(De)feats of Detection: The Spurious Key Text from Poe to Eco," in Detecting Texts: The Metaphysical Detective Story from Poe to Postmodernism, eds. P. Merivale and S. E. Sweeney.(University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999), pp. 75–98. "Taking the Sex Out of Sexuality: Foucault's Failed History," in Rethinking Sexuality: Foucault and Classical Antiquity, eds. David Larmour, Paul Allen Miller, and Charles Platter (Princeton University Press, 1998), pp. 42–60. "Writing After Murder (and Before Suicide): The Confessions of Werther and Rivière," in Reading After Foucault: Institutions, Disciplines, and Technologies of the Self, 1750-1830, ed. Robert Leventhal (Wayne State University Press, 1994), pp.233–59. "The Hermeneutics of Extinction: Denial and Discovery in Scientific Literature," Comparative Criticism 13: Literature and Science, ed. E. S. Shaffer (Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 147–69. "Mixed Signals in the Body Languages of Sexual, Commercial, and Extraterrestrial Discourse," in Mimesis, Semiosis, and Power, ed. R. Bogue (John Benjamins, 1991), pp. 157–83."Newtonian Mechanics and the Romantic Rebellion: Introduction," in Beyond the Two Cultures: Essays on Science, Technology, and Literature, ed. Joseph W. Slade and Judith Yaross Lee (Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1990), pp. 131–39. "Confession, Digression, Gravitation: Thomas De Quincey's German Connection," in Thomas De Quincey: Bicentenary Studies, ed. Robert L. Snyder (University of Oklahoma Press, 1985), pp. 308–37. "Paper Empires of the New World: Pynchon, Gaddis, Fuentes," Proceedings of the Tenth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association (New York: Garland, 1985), vol.3, pp. 68–75. "The Paper Empires and Empirical Fictions of William Gaddis," reprinted in In Recognition of William Gaddis, eds. John Kuehl and Steven Moore (Syracuse University Press, 1984), pp. 162– 73. "Idolology: The Model in Artistic Practice and Critical Theory," in Mimesis in Contemporary Theory, Vol. 1: The Literary and Philosophical Debate (John Benjamins, 1984), pp.172–200. "Aesthetics of Gender: Winckelmann, Friedrich Schlegel, and the Hermaphroditic Ideal," ch. 14 in Fragments: Incompletion & Discontinuity, ed. L. Kritzman (New York Literary Forum 8-9, [1981]), pp. 189–209. Articles in Journals
"Freud, Moses, and the Death of Rabin," Mortality 7, no. 1 (2002), pp.83–95. "Psyche's Progress: Soul- and Self-making from Keats to Wilde," Intertexts 5, no.1 (2001), pp. 7–22. "Grisham's Demons," College Literature 25.1 (Winter 1998), pp. 35–40. "'You Must Remember This': The Intimate and the Obscene in Filmic Narrative," Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature, 40 (1992), pp. 83–89."The Scientific Essay and Encyclopedic Science," Stanford Literature Review, 1:1 (Spring 1984), pp. 119–48. "Pynchon's Eve of De-struction," Pynchon Notes 14 (Feb. 1984), pp. 23–38. "The Paper Empires and Empirical Fictions of William Gaddis," The Review of Contemporary Fiction, 2 (Summer 1982), pp. 22–31. "Levana: Levitation in Jean Paul and Thomas De Quincey," Comparative Literature, 32 (Winter 1980), pp.42–62. "Probing a Post-Romantic Paleontology: Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow," Boundary 2, 8:2 (Winter 1980), pp. 229–54. Review Articles
"Murder: The State of the Art," American Literary History 12, no. 4 (winter 2000), pp. 780–93. Review of The Changes of Cain by Ricardo J. Quinones, The Comparatist, 17 (May 1993), pp.141–45. "Romanticism and the Sciences," (review of Romanticism and the Sciences, Andrew Cunningham and Nicholas Jardine, eds. ), Studies in Romanticism, 31 (Fall 1992), pp. 394–401. "Postmodernist Fictions" (review of Postmodernist Fiction by Brian McHale), Pynchon Notes, 18-19 (Spring-Fall 1986), pp. 96–109. "The Literature of Play and the Literature of Power" (Literature, Mimesis and Play by M. Spariosu), Poetics Today, 4:4 (1983), pp.773–82. "Allegory Unveiled" (review of Stephen Greenblatt, ed., Allegory and Representation, and Morton W. Bloomfield, ed., Allegory, Myth and Symbol), Poetics Today, 4:1 (Winter 1983), pp. 109–26. "Rhetorical Questions and Critical Riddles" (review of Paul de Man, Allegories of Reading), Poetics Today, 1:4 (Summer 1980), pp. 189–201. Reviews
Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek and Milan V. Dimić, eds., Comparative Literature Now: Theories and Practice, in Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 27:1-2 (2002), pp. 307–11.Ben Stoltzfus, Lacan and Literature: Purloined Pretexts, in The Comparatist, vol. 22 (May 1998), pp. 194–96. .
Michael Felske, Zukünftige Vergangenheit: Thomas De Quinceys Suspiria de Profundis als natalteleologische Autobiographie, European Romantic Review 8, no. 2 (Spring 1997), pp. 209–13. Sarah Webster Goodwin and Elisabeth Bronfen, eds. Death and Representation, in Victorian Studies, 39:1 (Autumn 1995), pp.77–79. George Levine, ed., Realism and Representation: Essays on the Problem of Realism in Relation to Science, Literature, and Culture, in Philosophy and Literature, 18:1 (April 1994), pp. 187– 89. Eduardo González, The Monstered Self: Narratives of Death and Performance in Latin American Fiction, MLN, 107:5 (Dec. 1992), pp. 1064–67). Herbert Lindenberger, The History in Literature: On Value, Genre, Institutions, in The Wordsworth Circle 22: 4 (Fall 1991), 228-30. John Johnston's Carnival of Repetition: Gaddis's The Recognitions and Postmodern Theory, in MLN, 105:5 (December 1990), pp.1120–24. Virgil Nemoianu, The Taming of Romanticism: European Literature and the Age of Biedermeier, in Philosophy and Literature, 10:1 (April 1986), pp. 133–35. Renate Jurzik, Der Stoff des Lachens: Studien über Komik, in Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire, 64:3 (1986), pp. 595–97. Frederick Garber, The Autonomy of the Self from Richardson to Huysmans, in Comparative Literature Studies, 20: 4 (Winter 1983), pp. 450–53.Living people
University of Georgia faculty
Comparative literature academics
American literary critics
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Stanford University alumni
Hamilton College (New York) faculty
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)

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Joel Black
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