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<mask>  (1883–1970) was a Scottish architect, antiquarian and archaeologist. He was the first Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Scotland, and was responsible for a series of popular guidebooks to monuments in public care. Early life and education
J.S. (Jamie<mask> was born in Edinburgh on 2 November 1883 to Dr <mask> of North Berwick and his wife Christina Thomson. The family moved to North Berwick in 1887, where <mask> attended first the Abbey School and then North Berwick High School. <mask> developed an early interest in archaeology in which he was encouraged by his father – both near to home and on foreign holidays. <mask> was articled to the Edinburgh architect <mask> from 1899–1903, and during this time studied at the School of Applied Art (now part of the Edinburgh College of Art).In 1902 he produced his first publication, co-authored with his father, Prehistoric remains near Gulllane. In 1903 he joined the office of Robert Lorimer as an assistant, and in 1906 he travelled south to study English church woodwork with Aymer Vallance. Professional life and war-time service
<mask> set up his own practise in Edinburgh in 1909. His first notable work was in North Berwick, the angel screen of the south apse of St Baldred Episcopal Church (1909). He was then responsible for the restoration of the ruined church of St Moluag, Teampall Mholuaidh, at Eoropie on the Isle of Lewis. In 1912 he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in Scotland and in March 1914 was appointed inspector of Ancient Monuments in Scotland, this being at the time a part-time position. On the outbreak of war, the practise closed, and <mask> volunteered for military service and joined the Royal Scots, with whom he had been a volunteer since 1909.His duties were in draft and training, and he spent most of the war in Britain, with time at the front in 1915 and 1918. He did not forget archaeology during this period, and sent some late-Celtic pottery, found in the trenches in France, to the National Museum in Scotland. <mask>'s architectural practise resumed in 1919, and the next year John Ross McKay, became a partner. McKay had studied at the School of Applied Art at the same time as <mask>, and had also worked in Lorimer's office. <mask>'s position as Inspector of Ancient Monuments became full-time in 1920, and in 1922 he became a part-time lecturer in the Edinburgh College of Art, which had assimilated the School of Applied Art. This left him little time for architectural work, and while <mask> remained a partner, and was able to attract clients through his official position, McKay did most of the practical work. Post-war work by the practice included the North Berwick War Memorial (1920) and the restoration of a fountain in Linlithgow Palace .<mask> and McKay came into conflict with their old boss, Lorimer, over the latter's proposed design for the Scottish National War Memorial. <mask>, as secretary of the Ancient Monuments Board, opposed the design, and was able to defeat the scheme partly by erecting a canvas mock-up of the memorial. Lorimer thought the mock-up gave no idea of what the final work would look like, and described <mask> as an "irresponsible devil". During the next two decades, he travelled throughout Scotland, inspecting and cataloguing ancient remains, and in many cases making arrangements to take privately owned monuments into public care - in all over 90. Monuments included cairns and stone circles; churches; grave slabs; castles; a water-mill; and wall paintings. Monuments were stabilised and in many cases cleared and laid out for public viewing, and guide-books published for many of the sites (see below). As well as preserving and presenting ancient monuments, <mask> planned and designed the Museum in the Commendator's House at Melrose Abbey.<mask>  was also involved in scheduling ancient monuments, enabling the protection of sites that were not in public ownership

<mask> carried out a number of archaeological excavations, both of monuments in public care and of other sites. In North Berwick, he discovered many mediaeval floor tiles in a tile-kiln associated with the Cistercian Nunnery. In 1932 he excavated a cairn near Kalemouth, Roxburghshire. This was not published until 1951. Other investigations included The Broch of Gurness and at Jarlshof, Shetland. <mask> withdrew from architectural practice in 1942, gave up teaching at the Edinburgh College of Art in 1946, and retired from his position as Inspector of Ancient Monuments in 1948. He continued to be involved in archeological and antiquarian activities.He gave a series of lectures on The Mediaeval stone carver in Scotland (not published until 1964), was involved in the establishment of the Burgh Museum in North Berwick (opened in 1957) and was often consulted on restorations, in particular by the Queen Mother regarding the Castle of Mey and the garden at Pitmmedden for the National Trust. He suffered a major heart attack in 1969, and died, in North Berwick on 12 September 1970 at the age of 86. Guidebooks

<mask> wrote and published numerous official guide-books to the monuments in public care. The following titles were made available (All published by HMSO):

Edinburgh Castle (with Marguerite Wood), 1929. Full text of Second Edition 1948 available here
Huntingtower, 1931. Full text of Second Edition 1950 available here
Dryburgh Abbey (with Marguerite Wood), 1932. Full text of Second Edition 1948 available here
Melrose Abbey (with Marguerite Wood), 1932.Full text of Second Edition 1949 available here
Tantallon Castle, 1932. Full text of Second Edition 1950 available here
Hailes Castle, 1933
The Castle of Dirleton, 1934
The Abbey of Dundrennan, 1934
The Abbey of Sweetheart, 1934. Full text of Second Edition 1950 available here
The Cathedral Kirk of Moray: Elgin (with H.B. Mackintosh), 1934. Full text of Second Edition 1950 available here
Linlithgow Palace (with <mask>), 1934. Full text of Second Edition 1948 available here
The Abbey and Palace of Holyroodhouse, 1936. Full text of Third Edition 1950 available here
The Castle of Balvenie (With Margaret Simpson), 1936
The Castle of Stirling (with Margaret Simpson), 1936.Full text of Second Edition 1948 available here
Inchmahome Priory (with Margaret Simpson), 1937
The Broch of Gurness, Aikerness, 1948. Full text available here

Other publications

References

Scottish architects
Scottish archaeologists
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Scottish historians
1883 births
1970 deaths
20th-century historians
20th-century antiquarians

masks:
James Smith Richardson
) Richardson
James T Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
James Macintyre Henry
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James Beveridge


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<mask> (February 6, 1927 – February 22, 1999) was an American conductor, record producer, and arranger. Early years
Gerhardt grew up in Little Rock, Arkansas, where he studied the piano at age five and composition at age nine. He studied music and engineering at several colleges including the University of Illinois, the University of Southern California, and the College of William & Mary. He also studied piano privately and at the Juilliard School. His formal education was interrupted by World War II, during which he served in the Navy in the Aleutians as a chaplain's assistant. RCA Victor
For a time, he was a clerk at the Record Hunter on Lexington Avenue in New York City. Between 1951 and 1955 he worked on the technical side of RCA Victor records.At first, this role consisted of transferring 78 rpm recordings of Enrico Caruso and Artur Schnabel to tape, including removing surface noise  preparatory to LP reissue. He also assisted at sessions for Kirsten Flagstad, Vladimir Horowitz, William Kapell, Wanda Landowska, and Zinka Milanov. In 1954, he worked with Leopold Stokowski and the NBC Symphony Orchestra on the experimental stereophonic recordings of ballet suites from Gian Carlo Menotti's Sebastian and Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet, which were not commercially released in stereo until 1978. He also became RCA's liaison with Arturo Toscanini, in the conductor's last years. It was Toscanini who encouraged him to study conducting. For five years Gerhardt worked at Westminster Records in New York. With Westminster struggling (the company filed for bankruptcy in December 1959), he switched to recording pop singers including Eddie Fisher.His great opportunity as a producer came with a call from George R. Marek, the head of RCA Victor's Red Seal department, offering an opportunity to produce recordings for Reader's Digest in England. Record producer
In 1960, he began to produce records for RCA Victor and Reader's Digest. His partner was the legendary recording engineer Kenneth Wilkinson of Decca Records (then RCA's affiliate in Europe). This was the beginning of a partnership that lasted through 4,000 sessions. Their first major project was a 12-LP set for Reader's Digest Recordings: A Festival of Light Classical Music, issued in both monaural and stereophonic versions. Over two million copies of this set were sold in a few years. In 1961, he produced the Reader's Digest set of Beethoven symphonies with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by René Leibowitz.One of Gerhardt's favorite productions was the 1964 release Treasury of Great Music, another 12-LP set for Reader's Digest. This featured the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by such eminent figures as Sir John Barbirolli, Sir Malcolm Sargent, Antal Doráti, Jascha Horenstein, Rudolf Kempe, Josef Krips, <mask>, Georges Prêtre, and Fritz Reiner. This was followed in 1966 by the album set All-Time Broadway Hit Parade, which included 120 songs from various musical productions such as Carousel, The Music Man, Guys and Dolls, My Fair Lady, Pal Joey, South Pacific and many more. The songs found on this collection were not recorded by the original artists. Many of the Reader's Digest recordings were later reissued on LP by Quintessence Records and Chesky Records; a few have been reissued on CD. Conductor
The Reader's Digest projects created so much recording work that there was need for another orchestra and conductor in London. Together with violinist and orchestral contractor Sidney Sax, Gerhardt formed an orchestra of top London orchestral and freelance musicians in 1964 for use in his recording sessions.He began to record this group in January 1964. The orchestra was incorporated as the National Philharmonic Orchestra in 1970 and Gerhardt himself conducted it in standard repertory, contemporary works, and film score music. Leopold Stokowski made some of his last recordings with this same orchestra. Gerhardt had received some training in conducting, as well as advice from Jascha Horenstein. His 1967 conducting of the so-called RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra (which was actually the National Philharmonic Orchestra) of Howard Hanson's Symphony No. 2 (The Romantic) garnered the praise of the composer. One particularly successful set Gerhardt conducted with the National Philharmonic Orchestra included the 14 LPs of the Classic Film Scores series for RCA, issued 1972–1978.This started with the 1972 release The Sea Hawk: The Classic Film Scores of Erich Wolfgang Korngold. The whole series was notable especially for Gerhardt's own, extremely careful, preparation of the scores. Recordings were made in the acoustically outstanding Kingsway Hall and engineered by Kenneth Wilkinson. The producer of the series was George Korngold, the composer's son. The series continued with albums devoted to Max Steiner, Miklós Rózsa, Franz Waxman, Alfred Newman, Dimitri Tiomkin, Bernard Herrmann and John Williams as well as albums devoted to music in the films of Bette Davis, Humphrey Bogart, and Errol Flynn. A number of additional pieces were recorded but remain in the vaults. BMG reissued the Classic Film Scores on CD encoded in Dolby Surround.In 2010, RCA Sony rereleased six of the original CD releases. In 2011, additional albums were reissued. Although the new CDs do not mention it, the reissues still feature Dolby Surround encoding. Another recording he conducted for RCA was flautist James Galway's Annie's Song album with the National Philharmonic Orchestra, which reached number three on the British charts in 1978. A compilation album distributed promotionally in 1989 titled "The Home Video Album" featured the Studio themes and some duplication of "The Spectacular World of Classic Film Scores" but also includes a suite from Dimitri Tiomkin's "The Thing from Another World as well as an amusing version of the 20th Century Fox Title, as orchestrated and performed by John Morris for Mel Brooks sendoff of Alfred Hitchcock, "High Anxiety". In 1979, Gerhardt conducted the National Philharmonic Orchestra in Korngold's score for the Warner Brothers' 1942 film version of Kings Row, also produced by the composer's son George. This was an early digital audio recording available on the Chalfont Records label, subsequently available on CD through Varese Sarabande.In 1989 Varese Sarabande released an album "Music from The Prince and the Pauper" and other films with the National Philharmonic Orchestra (VSD 5207. Along with Korngold, Miklós Rózsa, John Williams, George Antheil, Michael Lewis, Alex North, Leonard Pennario, Georges Delerue and William Walton are represented. Illness and death
<mask> moved to Redding, California, in 1991. He was diagnosed with brain cancer in late November 1998 and died from complications of brain surgery. He is buried at St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery in Redding. References

Benson, Robert E. "Classic Film Scores"
Benson, Robert E. "A four-decade friendship with <mask>t", includes numerous photographs and anecdotes about <mask>
Burlingame, Jon and Doug Galloway, "<mask> Gerhardt", Variety, March 4, 1999. Kozinn, Allan "<mask> Gerhardt, 72, Record Producer and Conductor" The New York Times, March 1, 1999, p. 19.Obituary, The Independent (London), April 2, 1999. Obituary, Redding Record Searchlight (CA) – February 24, 1999, p. B2. 1927 births
1999 deaths
Musicians from Detroit
American male conductors (music)
20th-century American conductors (music)
Classical musicians from Michigan
20th-century American male musicians

masks:
Charles Allan Gerhardt
Charles Münch
Charles Gerhardt
Charles Gerhard
Gerhardt
Charles Allan
Charles Allan


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Rear Admiral <mask>, AVSM, NM was a Flag Officer in the Indian Navy. He was decorated with a gallantry award during the Liberation of Goa. A pioneer submariner in the Indian Navy, he was the commissioning Commanding Officer of the Kalvari-class submarine , which he commanded during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He later commanded the submarine base INS Virbahu and the Whitby-class frigate . After promotion to flag rank, he served as the Fortress Commander Andaman and Nicobar (FORTAN) and as the first Flag Officer Submarines, before retiring in 1988. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Allahabad to Gyan Chander, a college lecturer. He completed his schooling in Allahabad, attending the Boys' High School & College.He then attended the Ewing Christian College for a year before getting selected to attend the  Joint Services Wing (JSW), Dehradun. While at the JSW, he chose to join the Indian Navy. After graduating from JSW, he trained on board the training ship . Naval career

Early career
<mask> was commissioned into the Indian Navy in 1955. After training on the Tir, he spent his early years on board the Ton-class minesweeper INS Cannanore and the Hunt-class destroyer . He chose to specialise in Torpedo and anti-submarine warfare (TAS) and was selected to attend the Long course at the TAS school in Cochin. In early November 1961, while he was undergoing the course, he was selected to command a landing party and was posted to the Gunnery school.Operation Vijay 1961

The landing party was platoon-sized and consisted of recently graduated seaman gunners who were being trained in small arms and short gunnery. It also had a demolition section who were trained on underwater weapons. The platoon, led by <mask>, was intensively trained over the month. On 16 December, the platoon embarked on , commanded by Captain K. L. Kulkarni. The landing party was to assault and capture Anjadip Island and <mask> discussed the plan with Captain Kulkarni and the Task Force Commander - the Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet Rear Admiral B.S. Soman. On 18 December, the day of the landing, they received intelligence that the Portuguese garrison had surrendered and that no resistance was expected.The 75 men of the platoon were launched in two boats in broad daylight. The first wave was commanded by <mask> and the next by his second-in-command Senior Commissioned Gunner Noel Kelman. The first boat landed on the beach without resistance but the second boat was met with machine gun fire. The wounded were sent back to Trishul and the platoon captured the Island and took over the prisoners of war. <mask> and Kelman were both wounded in the operation. <mask> was decorated with the Nao Sena Medal for gallantry. The citation for the Nao Sena Medal reads as follows:

Submarine Arm
In 1962, the Government of India approved the proposal of building the submarine arm and the first officers were selected for training.A large number of officers and sailors volunteered to join the submarine arm. In February 1962, <mask> was one of four officers selected to attend HMS Dolphin, the home of the Royal Navy Submarine Service. After completing the year-long course, <mask> returned to India and was appointed TAS officer of the Blackwood-class frigate . He was subsequently posted as an instructor to the TAS school in Cochin. In September 1965, India signed an agreement to acquire four submarines and a Submarine tender among other ships. was the first submarine to be inducted into the Indian Navy in December 1967. <mask> underwent training in Russian language and oversaw training of the crew of the second submarine .He was appointed the commissioning executive officer of Khanderi, commanded by Commander M. N. Vasudeva. Khanderi sailed from Riga and reached India after rounding the Cape of Good Hope. In December 1969, the fourth submarine was to be commissioned in Riga. <mask> was promoted to the rank of Commander and appointed the commissioning commanding officer of . Kursura was commissioned on 18 December 1969 and embarked on her maiden voyage from Balrisk on 20 February 1970. During her homecoming voyage, which lasted from February to April 1970, she visited Göteborg, La Coruña, Takoradi and Mauritius. Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the Bangladesh Liberation war, a conflict between the traditionally dominant West Pakistanis and the majority East Pakistanis.In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the Pakistani government failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to West Bengal, an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of Bangladesh. <mask> was in command of the submarine during this time. Kursura and  were part of the Western Naval Command. Operating under the direction of the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command Vice Admiral Sourendra Nath Kohli, Kursura was deployed on patrol with the aims:
 To attack and sink all Pakistani warships
 To sink all merchant shipping sighted/detected when specifically ordered
 Patrol and surveillance

Auditto deployed the submarine on 13 November 1971 and was in the designated waiting station till 18 November, moving on to a second waiting station where she remained till 30 November.She then rendezvoused with Karanj on 30th and returned to Mumbai on 4 December. Post-war career
After the war, in March 1972, <mask> relinquished command of the submarine. He was appointed Commander (executive officer) of the submarine base INS Virbahu in Visakhapatnam. He served as EXO to the first three commanding officers of the base - Captains K. S. Subramaniam, M. N. R. Samant and M. N. Vasudeva. After a long tenure of about four years, he took over as the commanding officer (CO) of the base on 31 January 1976. He served as CO Virbahu for about two years, after which he assumed command of the ship he had been launched from during Operation Vijay - the Whitby-class frigate INS Trishul. Subsequently, he moved to Naval headquarters as the Director Submarine Arm (DSA).Flag rank
In June 1983, <mask> was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral and appointed Assistant Chief of Naval Staff Operations (ACNS Ops). He then moved to Visakhapatnam as the Chief of Staff (COS) to the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command, Vice Admiral Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni. On 26 January 1986, he was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal for distinguished service of an exceptional order. After a year-long stint as COS ENC, he took over as the Fortress Commander, Andaman and Nicobar Islands (FORTAN) on 30 April 1986. In 2001, the Andaman and Nicobar Command was created this post was re-designated Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command. In 1987, a class authority for submarines was created. The Flag Officer Submarines (FOSM) would be located in Visakhapatnam and be the single-point authority for all training and maintenance of submarines.<mask> was appointed the first FOSM and assumed office on 30 March 1987. As the first FOSM, he was instrumental in setting standards with regard to submarine safety, training, maintenance and operating schedules, operational readiness inspections, etc. After a stint of around sixteen months, <mask> was placed on the retired list and superannuated on 31 July 1988. Personal life, later life and death
<mask> was married to Ranjana (née Langer), daughter of an Indian Army officer. The couple met while playing badminton at the United Services Club in Colaba, Mumbai. The couple had three children and resided at the Goldcroft Bungalow in Walkeshwar, Malabar Hill in South Mumbai. After his retirement, <mask> served as the President of the Naval Foundation Mumbai Chapter.On 27 February 2001, INS Kursura was decommissioned at the RK Beachin Visakhapatnam and inaugurated as a museum. As the submarine's first commanding officer, <mask> was the guest of honour during the decommissioning ceremony. <mask> died peacefully at his home in Mumbai on 21 April 2021. His last wish was his ashes be immersed by the museum of the submarine he first commanded- INS Kursura and the same was done by his son. See also
 Annexation of Goa

References

Bibliography

Indian Navy admirals
1934 births
2021 deaths
Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Flag Officers Submarines (India)
Submariners
People from Allahabad
National Defence Academy (India) alumni

masks:
Arun Auditto
Auditto
Auditto
Auditto
Auditto
Auditto
Auditto
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Auditto
Auditto
Auditto
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<mask> (born ) is an American editor, writer, and popularizer of astronomy and space. He has been editor-in-chief of Astronomy magazine since 2002. He is author, coauthor, or editor of 23 books on science and American history and is known for having founded a magazine on astronomical observing, Deep Sky Monthly, when he was a 15-year-old high school student. Eicher is also a historian, having researched and written extensively about the American Civil War. Professional career
Eicher began his career at AstroMedia Corp., the magazine's publisher, in September 1982 as assistant editor of Astronomy magazine and editor of Deep Sky. In 1985 Kalmbach Publishing Co., the Milwaukee publisher of Model Railroader, Trains, and other titles, bought AstroMedia Corp. Eicher's role in the magazine deepened as he worked on many science stories as well as observing pieces and by decade's end, the company moved to Waukesha, Wisconsin, 16 miles west of Milwaukee, and by that time Eicher was promoted to associate editor. He also published his first books, The Universe from Your Backyard (a compilation of deep-sky observing stories first published in Astronomy), and Deep-Sky Observing with Small Telescopes, an anthology about clusters, nebulae, and galaxies.In 1992 the company decided to cease publishing Deep Sky. Although Eicher has stated that he enjoyed editing this smaller magazine, it became clear that to progress further on Astronomy, he had to give up the smaller journal. At its peak, however, and at the time of its discontinuance, Deep Sky swelled to a circulation of 14,000. Within a span of six weeks in 1996, Eicher was promoted successively to senior editor and then to managing editor. After six years as managing editor, in 2002, Eicher became Astronomy magazine's sixth editor in chief. Promotion of astronomy
Eicher frequently travels to speak on astronomy or view solar eclipses with tour groups. In 2013 he was invited to speak about great advances in astronomy and on comets at Harvard University, in the Phillips Auditorium of Harvard College Observatory.He was among the 2014 speakers at the Starmus Festival in Tenerife, Canary Islands, and spoke at Harvard again in the spring of 2016, as well as delivering a public talk at Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona, in November 2016. In 2017 he spoke at the Science + Mathematics Think-in at WVIZ-PBS ideastream in Cleveland, Ohio. He also spoke at the America's Darkest Sky Star Party at the Dark Sky New Mexico site near Animas, New Mexico in April 2017 and October 2017, and in April 2018 delivered the Benson Memorial Lecture in Physics at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. From 2011 through 2017, Eicher was president of the Astronomy Foundation. the first ever trade association for the telescope industry. Eicher's service to the astronomy world was recognized in 1990 when the International Astronomical Union named minor planet 3617 Eicher (discovery designation 1984 LJ) in his honor. The asteroid, a main belt object in orbit between Mars and Jupiter, was discovered by astronomer Brian A. Skiff at Lowell Observatory's Anderson Mesa Station in 1984 and the citation was proposed and written by astronomer <mask>. Levy.Eicher's books include COMETS! Visitors from Deep Space a book with Brian May of Queen fame, and astronomer Garik Israelian, constituting the conference proceedings, lectures, and information from the first Starmus Festival, a science and music event held in 2011 in the Canary Islands. Beginning in 2013, he has been a blogger on astronomy and science topics for The Huffington Post. In 2015 he joined the Asteroid Day movement as a 100x signatory and serves on that project’s board as Editor-in-Chief.] In May 2015 Eicher was named to the Board of Directors of the Starmus Festival. In 2015 Eicher began producing a video series addressing realities of astronomy and astrophysics. Titled “The Real Reality Show,” it appears on YouTube and on Astronomy.com.An audio interview series, “Superstars of Astronomy,” features hour-long podcast talks with prominent astronomers, planetary scientists, and cosmologists, including <mask>, Garik Israelian, Martin Rees, Seth Shostak, Debra Fischer, Sara Seager, Heidi Hammel, and others. In 2017, Eicher started an audio podcast series “5 Questions with <mask>,” which is hosted on the Astronomy Magazine website and features interviews about current scientific research with well-known astronomers, planetary scientists, and cosmologists. In June 2017, Eicher joined the Advisory Board of Lowell Observatory, in Flagstaff, Arizona. Also in June 2017, Eicher attended and was a principal actor at the fourth Starmus Festival, which took place in Trondheim, Norway. Eicher served as host on the Festival's opening day, delivered two talks about galaxies, served as moderator and host of a panel discussing science education. Civil War history
Eicher has written eight books on the subject of the American Civil War, including Dixie Betrayed (Little, Brown), The Longest Night (Simon and Schuster), Civil War High Commands (collabration with his father <mask>. <mask>), and The Civil War in Books (Univ. of Illinois Press).In 2013 Eicher donated his Civil War library of more than 4,000 volumes, collected since 1982, to the Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library and Ulysses S. Grant Association at Mississippi State University. Personal life
Eicher lives near Big Bend, Wisconsin, with his wife. Eicher has been a drummer since grade school days in Ohio and currently plays with his band, the Astro Blues Band, in Wisconsin, which consists mostly of people who work with Eicher on Astronomy Magazine. Publications
Astronomy Backstage Pass: Northern Arizona (DVD and streaming video product, Kalmbach Publishing Co., 2019)
Mission Moon 3-D [with Brian May, Foreword by Charlie Duke, and Afterword by <mask>] (London Stereoscopic Company and MIT Press, 2018)
Astronomy Backstage Pass: Chicago (DVD and streaming video product, Kalmbach Publishing Co., 2018)
5 Questions with <mask> (audio podcast interview series, Kalmbach Publishing Co., 2017–2019)
Starmus: Discovering the Universe (Executive editor, Canopus Books, 2016)
The New Cosmos: Answering Astronomy’s Big Questions (Cambridge University Press, 2015)
Superstars of Astronomy (audio podcast interview series, Kalmbach Publishing Co., 2015–2017)
The Real Reality Show (video series, Kalmbach Publishing Co., 2015–2019)
Starmus: 50 Years of Man in Space (executive editor, Canopus Books, 2014)
COMETS!

masks:
David John Eicher
David H
Jeff Hester
David Eicher
John H
Eicher
Jim Lovell
David Eicher


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<mask> (5 November 1864 – 7 January 1933) was an English-born artist who worked in Scotland, and whose design work became one of the defining features of the Glasgow Style during the 1890s - 1900s. Biography
Born <mask>, at Tipton, Staffordshire between Birmingham and Wolverhampton, her father was a colliery manager and engineer. <mask> and her younger sister Frances both attended the Orme Girls' School, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire; their names are recorded in the school register. In the 1881 census <mask>, aged 16, was a visitor at someone else's house on census night and was listed as a scholar. By 1890 the family had settled in Glasgow and <mask> and her sister, <mask>, enrolled as day students at the Glasgow School of Art studying courses in design. There, she worked with a variety of media, including metalwork, embroidery, and textiles. She began collaborating with her sister Frances, and in 1896 the pair worked from their studio at 128 Hope Street, Glasgow, where they produced book illustrations, embroidery, gesso panels, leaded glass and repoussé metalwork.Their innovative work was inspired by Celtic imagery, literature, symbolism, and folklore. <mask> later collaborated with her husband, the architect and designer Charles Rennie <mask>, whom she married on 22 August 1900. Her most well-known works are the gesso panels made for interiors designed with Charles, such as tearooms and private residences. Charles Rennie <mask> is frequently claimed to be Scotland's most famous architect. <mask> <mask> was somewhat marginalised in comparison. Yet she was celebrated in her time by many of her peers, including her husband who once wrote in a letter to her, "Remember, you are half if not three-quarters in all my architectural work ..."; and reportedly "<mask> has genius, I have only talent." Active and recognised during her career, between 1895 and 1924 she contributed to more than 40 European and American exhibitions.Poor health cut short <mask>'s career and, as far as is known, she produced no work after 1921. She died in 1933, just over four years after her husband. "The Glasgow Four" and Collaborative Work

It is unclear exactly when the <mask> sisters met Charles Rennie <mask> and his friend/colleague Herbert MacNair, but they probably met around 1892 at the Glasgow School of Art (<mask> and MacNair were studying as night students), introduced by the Headmaster Francis Newbery because he recognised that they were working in similar styles. By 1894 they were showing their work together in student exhibitions, some of which was made collaboratively. Reception of the work was mixed, and it was commented that the gaunt, linear forms of the <mask> sisters' artwork - clearly showing the influence of Aubrey Beardsley - were 'ghoulish' and earned them the moniker 'The Spook School'. They became known locally as "The Four". Most collaborative work in the 1890s was with her sister, particularly following the opening of their studio in 1896.Some works were made by both together, while others were series of works, such as a set of four paintings with repoussé frames on the seasons where each two works on the theme. They also created a set of illustrations for William Morris' Defence of Guenevere that was recently re-discovered in the special collections of the University at Buffalo. She created several important interior schemes with her husband. Many of these were executed at the early part of the twentieth century; and include the Rose Boudoir at the International Exhibition at Turin in 1903, the designs for House for an Art Lover in 1900, and the Willow Tea Rooms in 1902. She exhibited with <mask> at the 1900 Vienna Secession, where she was an influence on the Secessionists Gustav Klimt and Josef Hoffmann. They continued to be popular in the Viennese art scene, both exhibiting at the Viennese International Art Exhibit in 1909. In 1902, the couple received a major Viennese commission: Fritz Waerndorfer, the initial financer of the Wiener Werkstätte, was building a new villa outside Vienna showcasing the work of many local architects.Hoffmann and Koloman Moser were already designing two of its rooms; he invited the <mask>es to design the music room. That room was decorated with panels of <mask>'s art: the Opera of the Winds, the Opera of the Seas, and the Seven Princesses, a new wall-sized triptych considered by some to be her finest work. This collaboration was described by contemporary critic Amelia Levetus as "perhaps their greatest work, for they were allowed perfectly free scope". Inspiration and style
<mask> did not keep sketchbooks, which reflects her reliance on imagination rather than on nature. A few sources provided significant inspiration for her works, including the Bible, the Odyssey, poems by Morris and Rossetti, and the works of Maurice Maeterlinck. Her works, along with those works of her often collaborating sister, defied her contemporaries' conceptions of art. Gleeson White wrote, "With a delightfully innocent air these two sisters disclaim any attempt to acknowledge that Egyptian decoration has interested them specially.'We have no basis.' Nor do they advance any theory." The beginning of her artistic career reflects broad strokes of experimentation. Largely drawing from her imagination, she reinterpreted traditional themes, allegories, and symbols in inventive ways. For instance, immediately following the 1896 opening of her Glasgow studio with her sister, she transformed broad ideas such as "Time" and "Summer" into highly stylized human forms. Many of her works incorporate muted natural tones, elongated nude human forms, and a subtle interplay between geometric and natural motifs. Above all, her designs demonstrated a type of originality that distinguishes her from other artists of her time.Popular work
<mask>'s most popular works include the gesso panels The May Queen, which was made to partner Charles Rennie <mask>'s panel The Wassail for Miss Cranston's Ingram Street Tearooms, and Oh ye, all ye that walk in Willowwood, which formed part of the decorative scheme for the Room de Luxe in the Willow Tearooms. All three of these are now on display in the Kelvingrove Museum in Glasgow. The 2017-18 restoration of The Willow Tearooms building has seen a recreation of "Oh ye, all ye that walk in Willowwood" installed in the original location within the Room de Luxe. Her grandest work is the Seven Princesses, three wall-sized gesso panels showing a scene from a play by the same name, by Maurice Maeterlinck. This work was extremely popular in Vienna and its surrounding art scene. When the Waerndorfer villa was sold in 1916, it disappeared from public view for a long time. In 1990, it was rediscovered in a crate in the basement of the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna, and is now on permanent display in the MAK.In 2008 her 1902 work The White Rose and the Red Rose was auctioned for 1.7 million UK pounds or $3.3 million. In Fiction
<mask> <mask> is the narrator of Kirsten MacQuarrie's short story, MMM, about the time the Mackintoshes spent in Port Vendres. Gallery

References

External links

 Biography at the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society
  works by <mask> in the Hunterian Art Gallery Collections
 Information on The Group of Four from the Hunterian Art Gallery

1865 births
1933 deaths
Scottish women painters
People from Tipton
Alumni of the Glasgow School of Art
Glasgow School
Art Nouveau painters
Art Nouveau designers
Scottish designers
20th-century British women artists

masks:
Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh
Margaret Macdonald
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Margaret
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Frances Macdonald
Margaret
Mackintosh
Mackintosh
Margaret Macdonald
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Allan "<mask><mask>  (1 January 1912 – 20 January 1999) was a New Zealand lawyer and politician of the Labour Party. Biography

Early life
Martyn was born in Dunedin to Baptist missionaries who had worked in India. His father died when he was two and his mother was forced by economic circumstances to take in boarders. He used to push his brother Harold, ten years older and with polio, two miles to Otago University in his wheelchair. With the oncoming depression, Martyn had to leave school to get a job at the end of fifth form - he had wanted to be a doctor. With a job as an office boy in a law firm at the age of 16, he was able to study law part-time at Otago University for eight years before getting his LLM with First Class Honours. In 1934 he was the winner of the Otago University Law Society's prize in evidence.He got a scholarship to the London School of Economics and got a PhD in 1938 before becoming a Resident Fellow at Harvard. He returned to NZ in 1939 and was employed as a private secretary to Cabinet Ministers Rex Mason and Arnold Nordmeyer. Political career

<mask> <mask> stood unsuccessfully for Remuera in 1943. He then represented the North Shore electorate from 1946 to 1949, when he was defeated. <mask> frequently challenged Prime Minister Peter Fraser in caucus over issues such as compulsory military training, earning him the ire of the party establishment. After his defeat neither Fraser nor his successor as leader Walter Nash gave <mask> any assistance in returning to parliament because of his rebelliousness. He stood for the Labour nomination at the 1953 Onehunga by-election but lost out to the comparatively inexperienced candidate Hugh Watt.In later years <mask> frequently described himself and fellow Labour MP Warren Freer as the "only remnants" of the first Labour government, a government of whose record he was proud of stating "It was a government of very practical talents. If they saw people hungry, they knew hunger came from malnutrition and that malnutrition came from lack of money, in turn due to lack of a job. They knew nothing of such concepts as level playing fields. And they did not have the help of economists." Between his spells in parliament he was Vice-President of the Labour Party from 1955 to 1960 and subsequently President from 1960 to 1964. As president <mask> was highly critical of the lack of drive in the party, feeling Labour should take the offensive over industrialization rather than sit about and answer criticisms as National made them. He primarily thought the retirement of Nash as leader would be the remedy and after Labour returned to opposition after the 1960 election he began pressing for Nash to resign.In October 1961 he gave notice of motion to the national executive that the caucus should be asked to consider the leadership. In February 1962 <mask> withdrew his notice of motion after Nash met with the national executive. By June Nash told <mask> and the caucus that be would resign at the end of the year unless caucus requested otherwise. However by December Nash had still made no move to resign and <mask> penned a statement to the members of caucus, including Nash, bluntly requesting Nash's retirement from the leadership. <mask> was criticised for the letter itself and the manner of its presentation, as instead of attending caucus and presenting it himself, he went to Auckland to appear in court, and left it to Jim Collins (a trade union member of the executive) to read it to the caucus on his behalf on 6 December. At the beginning of the meeting Nash told caucus that he would resign at a caucus meeting in February and would not be a candidate for re-election. Only after which Collins then read <mask>'s letter.The letter caused a stir in the caucus and it was resolved unanimously that the letter be not received. Later he represented the Waitakere electorate from 1963 to 1969, then the Henderson electorate from 1969 to 1978, when he retired. Soon after re-entering parliament he was designated Labour's Justice Spokesperson. Vietnam War
<mask> <mask> was also one of the Labour Party's most active opponents of New Zealand's military involvement in the Vietnam War and questioned the New Zealand government's support for South Vietnam. In 1964, he argued during a parliamentary speech that the Viet Cong were the only effective opposition in South Vietnam, but still accepted the general consensus within New Zealand government circles that the Viet Cong were being supported by North Vietnam and the People's Republic of China. On 6 June 1965, <mask> chaired an anti-war meeting in Auckland which was sponsored by the Auckland Trades Council, the Auckland Labour Representation Committee, and the Auckland Peace For Vietnam Committee (PFVC). A prominent speaker at that meeting was the trade unionist Jim Knox.He also participated in a teach-in at the University of Auckland on 12 September 1966, which drew about 600 people. During a Labour Party conference in 1966, <mask> <mask>, at the instigation of the Labour Party leader  and future Prime Minister Norman Kirk, proposed an amendment which advocated replacing New Zealand's artillery battery with a non-combatant force. Despite his opposition to the Vietnam War, <mask> argued that New Zealand troops should not be withdrawn from Vietnam too quickly to avoid interfering with the Paris peace talks in 1969. Later, he lost a notable  TV debate (on the NZBC's Gallery programme) against Robert Muldoon. When the United States Vice President Spiro Agnew visited the capital Wellington in mid-January 1970, <mask> along with several other Labour Members of Parliament including Arthur Faulkner, Jonathan Hunt, and Bob Tizard boycotted the state dinner to protest American policy in Vietnam. However, other Labour MPs including the Opposition Leader Norman Kirk attended the function which dealt with the Nixon Doctrine. Cabinet Minister

<mask> was a Cabinet Minister, and was the Attorney-General, Minister of Justice and Minister of Civil Aviation and Meteorological Services from 1972 to 1975 in the Third Labour Government.11 years later he publicly recalled frustrations felt by the government in trying to put changes in policy into practice immediately following the election which, in <mask>'s view, stemmed from a lack of positive cooperation from senior public servants who were biased to the National Party. <mask> established the small claims court where "people owed $10 can be heard without having to pay a lawyer $30" and also established duty solicitors to look after the interests of poor people charged in court. He was made a Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1973. The same year he was a member of the legal team that represented the New Zealand and Australian government at the International Court of Justice in an attempt to ban French nuclear tests in the Pacific. <mask> attracted world-wide attention with his performance leading the New Zealand team at the World Court in the joint New Zealand-Australia case seeking a ban on French nuclear testing at Mururoa Atoll. He said later "Ours was a much better case than the Australians and better received by the court," and eventually the court ruled it would be unlawful for France to continue atmospheric testing. After Kirk's sudden death <mask> was speculated in the media as a possible leadership contender.While he gave serious consideration to standing ultimately he did not stand. He set up the Disputes Tribunal and was responsible for much of the work leading to the Matrimonial Property Act which would give divorced wives a right to share in their husband's possessions. He also ended bread-and-water punishments in prisons and bestowed prisoners the right to write directly to the Minister of Justice without having their correspondence read prior by prison staff. <mask> also abolished a husband's right to sue his wife's lover for damages removing one of the last legal stipulations of a wife being deemed her husband's property. After Labour's shock defeat in 1975 <mask> remained on the frontbench as Shadow Minister of Justice and Shadow Attorney-General until deciding to retire at the next election which saw his seat redistricted. He was the recipient of a harsh verbal attack from then prime minister Robert Muldoon in 1977. Muldoon said he despised <mask>, and the sooner the retiring MP was out of the house the better.However, in a rare move, Muldoon later apologised publicly for the outburst, stating that he had misunderstood the situation. Later life
In 1983 his daughter Sarah Jane was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment on charges of supplying and possessing heroin. In 1989 she was found dead in her Wellington flat. <mask> often weighed in on political issues after his exit from parliament. He was particularly critical of the economic restructuring (known as Rogernomics) by the Fourth Labour Government in the 1980s. Death
Martyn died at the age of 87. Christine Cole Catley says: "He wrote two most moving letters to his wife, a year apart.She read them for the first time after he died ... He wrote of what he saw as his degeneration and his fear of becoming a burden on her and others. ... Two days later he ended his life." He was survived by his wife, son and daughter. Personal views
<mask>'s socially liberal views were said to have put him ahead of his time, especially on moral issues such as legalizing homosexuality and granting name suppression in court unless people were convicted. He was also an advocate for abortion during the 1970s, but did not find widespread support, though he won favour from younger generations. Parliamentary colleague Michael Bassett has said <mask> was "essentially a man of peace throughout his life" who "found Peter Fraser's crusade to introduce Compulsory Military Training personally distasteful."Bassett also said: "To his dying day <mask> was an opponent of capital punishment, a cause to which he added divorce law reform (his own divorce in the 1950s was particularly fraught), homosexual, and abortion law reform. <mask>’s reputation as an advanced liberal on social issues attracted the support of younger party idealists as much as it repelled Labour's more conservative wing, especially Catholics. <mask>’s marital complications irked the puritanical Walter Nash, who did nothing to advance his return to Parliament, and seems not to have welcomed his election as party president in 1960." Notes

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1912 births
1999 deaths
New Zealand Labour Party MPs
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
New Zealand lawyers
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
New Zealand Queen's Counsel
Attorneys-General of New Zealand
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1949 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1943 New Zealand general election
20th-century lawyers
1990s suicides
Suicides in New Zealand

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<mask>  (25 August 1917 – 12 December 1981) was an Australian philosopher. He made significant contributions to the philosophy of religion, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language, and is perhaps best known for his views on metaethics, especially his defence of moral scepticism as well as his sophisticated defence of atheism. He wrote six books. His most widely known, Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (1977), opens by boldly stating, "There are no objective values." It goes on to argue that because of this, ethics must be invented rather than discovered. His posthumously published The Miracle of Theism: Arguments For and Against the Existence of God (1982) has been called a tour de force in contemporary analytic philosophy. The atheist philosopher Kai Nielsen described it as "one of the most, probably the most, distinguished articulation of an atheistic point of view given in the twentieth century."In 1980 Time magazine described him as "perhaps the ablest of today's atheistic philosophers." <mask> was born 25 August 1917 in Killara, Sydney, son of <mask>, professor of education at the University of Sydney and principal of the Sydney Teachers College, influential in the educational system of New South Wales. and Annie Burnett (née Duncan), who was a schoolteacher. <mask> graduated from the University of Sydney in 1938 after studying under <mask>, sharing the medal in philosophy with Harold Glass. <mask> received the Wentworth Travelling Fellowship to study greats at Oriel College, Oxford, where he graduated with first-class honours in 1940. During the Second World War <mask> served with the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers in the Middle East and Italy, and was mentioned in dispatches. He was professor of philosophy at the University of Otago in New Zealand from 1955 to 1959 and succeeded Anderson as the Challis Professor of philosophy at the University of Sydney from 1959 to 1963.In 1963, he moved to the United Kingdom, becoming the inaugural holder of the chair of philosophy in the University of York, a position he held until 1967, when he was elected a fellow of University College, Oxford, where he served as praelector. In 1969, he gave a lecture, "What's Really Wrong with Phenomenalism? ", at the British Academy as part of its annual Philosophical Lectures series. In 1974, he became a fellow of the British Academy. <mask> died in Oxford on 12 December 1981. Character and family
Mackie is said to have been capable of expressing total disagreement in such a genial way that the person being addressed might mistake his comment for a compliment. This personal style is exemplified by the following words from the preface to Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong:

I am nowhere mainly concerned to refute any individual writer.I believe that all those to whom I have referred, even those with whom I disagree most strongly, have contributed significantly to our understanding of ethics: where I have quoted their actual words, it is because they have presented views or arguments more clearly or more forcefully than I could put them myself. <mask> married <mask> in 1947. One of their three surviving children, <mask>, also became a philosopher. She lectured in philosophy at the University of Birmingham from 1994 to 2004, and was appointed Head of the University of Nottingham's Department of Philosophy in 2007. <mask>'s son David is also a philosopher and graduated from Oxford University, where he held lectureships at Exeter College, Corpus Christi College, and Christ Church before being appointed a Fellow and Tutor at Oriel College. He is Head of Philosophy at D'Overbroeck's College, Oxford. His daughter Hilary is a classicist at Rice University.Philosophical work
<mask> is best known for his contributions to metaethics, philosophy of religion, and metaphysics. In metaethics, he took a position called moral scepticism, arguing against the objective existence of right and wrong as intrinsically normative entities on fundamental grounds. He was unsure what kinds of thing they would be if they existed. His perhaps most widely known work, Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong, bluntly begins with the sentence "There are no objective values". He uses several arguments to support this claim. He argues that some aspects of moral thought are relative, and that objective morals require an absurd intrinsic action-guiding feature. Most of all, he thinks it is very unclear how objective values could supervene on features of the natural world (see the Argument from queerness), and argues it would be difficult to justify our knowledge of "value entities" or account for any links or consequences they would have.Finally, he thinks it possible to show that even without any objective values, people would still have reason to firmly believe in them (hence he claims that it is possible for people to be mistaken or fooled into believing that objective values exist). The Times called the book "a lucid discussion of moral theory which, although aimed at the general reader, has attracted a good deal of professional attention." Concerning religion, he was well known for vigorously defending atheism, and also arguing that the problem of evil made untenable the main monotheistic religions. His criticisms of the free will theodicy are particularly significant. He argued that the idea of human free will is no defence for those who wish to believe in an omnicompetent being in the face of evil and suffering, as such a being could have given us both free will and moral perfection, thus resulting in us choosing the good in every situation. In 1955 he published "Evil and Omnipotence", which summarized his view that belief in the existence of evil and an all-powerful, all-knowing and all-good god is "positively irrational". <mask>'s views on this so-called logical problem of evil prompted Alvin Plantinga to respond with the "free will defence", to which <mask> later responded in his The Miracle of Theism.In metaphysics, <mask> made significant contributions relating to the nature of causal relationships, especially conditional statements describing them (see, for example, Mackie 1974) and the notion of an INUS condition. After being given a copy of Richard Dawkins's The Selfish Gene as a Christmas present, in 1978 <mask> wrote an article in the journal Philosophy praising the book and discussing how its ideas might be applied to moral philosophy. The philosopher Mary Midgley responded in 1979 with "Gene-Juggling", an article arguing that The Selfish Gene was about psychological egoism rather than evolution. This started a dispute between <mask>, Midgley, and Dawkins that was ongoing at the time of <mask>'s death. Publications

Books
 Truth, Probability, and Paradox (1973), Oxford University Press, . The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation (1980 [1974]), Oxford University Press, . Problems from <mask> (1976), Oxford University Press, .Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (1977), Viking Press, . (1978 Reprint Available for loan at Open Library)
 Hume's Moral Theory (1980), Routledge Keegan & Paul, . The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God (1982), Oxford University Press, . Anthologies
 Logic and Knowledge: Selected Papers, Volume I (1985), Oxford University Press, . Persons and Values: Selected Papers, Volume II (1985), Oxford University Press, . For a more complete list of works see "The publications of J. L<mask>" compiled by <mask>. References

Further reading
 McDowell, <mask>.(1991) "<mask>, <mask>, 1917–1981" in Proceedings of the British Academy 76

Franklin, <mask>. (2003) Corrupting the Youth: A History of Philosophy in Australia, Macleay Press, , ch. 5. Honderich, Ted. (ed). (1985) Morality and Objectivity: A Tribute to J. L<mask>, Routledge Kegan & Paul, . Campbell, Keith.(2010) "<mask>, <mask>." in A Companion to Philosophy in Australia and New Zealand

1917 births
1981 deaths
20th-century atheists
20th-century Australian male writers
20th-century Australian non-fiction writers
20th-century Australian philosophers
20th-century British male writers
20th-century British non-fiction writers
20th-century British philosophers
20th-century essayists
Academics of the University of York
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Analytic philosophers
Atheism activists
Atheist philosophers
Australian atheists
Australian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Australian essayists
Australian ethicists
Australian expatriates in New Zealand
Australian male non-fiction writers
British Army personnel of World War II
British atheists
British essayists
British ethicists
British male non-fiction writers
British people of Australian descent
British philosophers
British secularists
Contemporary philosophers
Critics of Christianity
Critics of religions
Epistemologists
Fellows of the British Academy
Fellows of University College, Oxford
History of ethics
Lecturers
Meta-ethics
Metaphilosophers
Metaphysicians
Moral philosophers
Ontologists
Philosophers of ethics and morality
Philosophers of language
Philosophers of religion
Philosophy academics
Philosophy teachers
Philosophy writers
Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers soldiers
University of Otago faculty
University of Sydney alumni
University of Sydney faculty
Writers about religion and science

masks:
John Leslie Mackie
Life Mackie
Alexander Mackie
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John Anderson
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Joan Meredith
Penelope Mackie
Mackie
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Locke
. Mackie
Joan Mackie
John
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John Leslie
James
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<mask> (born August 31, 1981) is a retired American professional basketball player who last played for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). In the 2007 season, <mask> won the first ever Sixth Woman of the Year Award given in the WNBA. <mask> is currently an assistant coach with the Minnesota Lynx. College
Pierson played college basketball for the Texas Tech Red Raiders women's basketball team. She graduated in 2003. Texas Tech statistics

Source

Professional career

WNBA

<mask> was drafted fourth overall by the Phoenix Mercury in 2003 WNBA Draft. Midway through the 2005 season, <mask> was traded to the Detroit Shock.In the 2006 season, the Shock were a championship contender as they finished second in the Eastern Conference with a 23–11 record. They would advance all the way to the finals and defeat the Sacramento Monarchs in five games. The following season, <mask> would win the first ever WNBA Sixth Woman of the Year Award given by the league for her scoring and rebounding efforts off the bench, averaging 11.9 points per game and 5.8 rebounds per game. Coinciding with her efforts, the Shock were in the hunt to win back-to-back championships with the number one seed in the eastern conference and another trip to the Finals, but were defeated by the Phoenix Mercury in five-game series. The following season, the Shock made it to the Finals for the third year in a row, this time winning their second championship in three years, after sweeping the San Antonio Silver Stars in the Finals. However, the following season, <mask> would only play one game and missed the rest of the season due to a shoulder injury. In 2010, the Detroit Shock franchise relocated to Tulsa, Oklahoma and were renamed the Tulsa Shock.In the 2010 season, <mask> would play 8 games for the Shock before being traded to the New York Liberty where she played for the rest of the season. In the 2011 season, <mask> averaged a career-high in scoring with 12.9 points per game in the Liberty's starting lineup. She would continue to play with Liberty until 2014. In 2015, <mask> returned to the Tulsa Shock in free agency. She played 30 games with 29 starts, averaged 12.8 points per game and was voted as an all-star for the first time in her career. In 2016, the Shock relocated to Dallas, Texas and were renamed the Dallas Wings. She played and started in 27 games and averaged 11.9 points per game.On February 1, 2017, <mask> signed with the Minnesota Lynx in free agency. On August 18, 2017, <mask> announced that she would retire at the end of the season. During the season, <mask> would contribute off the bench for the Lynx, averaging 5.2 points per game. The Lynx finished with the best record in the league with a 27–7 record, earning the number 1 seed and a double-bye to the WNBA semi-finals. The Lynx would eliminate the Washington Mystics in a 3-game sweep of the WNBA semi-finals and would advance to the 2017 WNBA Finals, making it <mask>'s fourth career Finals appearance. The Lynx would defeat the Los Angeles Sparks in 5 games to avenge last season's Finals loss, as <mask> won her third WNBA championship. Overseas
In the 2005-06 WNBA off-season, <mask> played in Italy for Coconuda Maddaloni.In the 2006-07 WNBA off-season, <mask> played in Israel for 	Elitzur Ramla. In the 2007-08 WNBA off-season, <mask> played in Russia for Dynamo Moscow. In the 2011-12 WNBA off-season, <mask> played in Israel for Maccabi Bnot Ashdod. From 2012 to 2014, <mask> played two off-seasons in Slovakia for Good Angels Košice. In the 2014-15 WNBA off-season, <mask> played in Italy for Passalacqua Ragusa. In August 2016, <mask> signed with the Cheongju KB Stars of the Korean League for the 2016-17 WNBA off-season. She is the daughter of Paulette <mask> and has a younger brother, Cleven and another brother Vontriel.She attended Kingwood High School, from which she graduated in 1999. References

1981 births
Living people
All-American college women's basketball players
American women's basketball coaches
American women's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Texas
Basketball players from Houston
Centers (basketball)
Dallas Wings players
Detroit Shock players
Minnesota Lynx players
New York Liberty players
People from Kingwood, Texas
Phoenix Mercury draft picks
Phoenix Mercury players
Power forwards (basketball)
Sportspeople from Houston
Texas Tech Lady Raiders basketball players
Tulsa Shock players
Women's National Basketball Association All-Stars

masks:
Plenette Michelle Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
Pierson
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<mask> (August 12, 1852August 14, 1890) was an Irish-American Catholic priest based in New Haven, Connecticut. He founded the Knights of Columbus at a local parish to serve as a mutual aid and fraternal insurance organization, particularly for immigrants and their families. It developed through the 20th century as the world's largest Catholic fraternal organization. The cause for his canonization started in the Archdiocese of Hartford in 1996; in March 2008, Pope Benedict XVI declared McGivney "Venerable" in recognition of his "heroic virtue". On May 27, 2020, Pope Francis announced that McGivney had been approved for beatification, which officially happened on October 31, 2020. The pope's action means that McGivney can be declared "Blessed", the step just prior to sainthood. An additional miracle attributed to McGivney's intercession will be required for his canonization as a saint.Early life
He was born to Irish immigrant parents, Patrick and Mary (Lynch) <mask>. He was the eldest of 13 children, six of whom died in infancy or childhood. His father worked as a molder in a Waterbury, Connecticut, brass mill. <mask> attended the local Waterbury district school but left at 13 to work in one of the brass mills' spoon-making departments. Studies
In 1868, at the age of 16, he entered the Séminaire de Saint-Hyacinthe in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada. He continued his studies at Our Lady of Angels Seminary, near Niagara Falls, New York, (1871–1872) and at the Jesuits' St. Mary's College, in Montreal, Quebec. While in seminary, he and other seminarians formed a baseball team and McGivney was a "naturally talented ballplayer."He had to leave the seminary, returning home to help finish raising his siblings after his father's death in June 1873. McGivney later resumed his studies at St. Mary's Seminary, in Baltimore, Maryland; he was ordained a priest on December 22, 1877, by Archbishop <mask> at the Baltimore Cathedral of the Assumption. Founding of the Knights of Columbus
From his own experience, McGivney recognized the devastating effect on immigrant families of the father and wage earner's untimely death. Many Catholics were still struggling to assimilate into the American economy. On March 29, 1882, while an assistant pastor at Saint Mary's Church in New Haven, Connecticut, McGivney founded the Knights of Columbus, with a small group of parishioners, as a mutual aid society, to provide financial assistance, in the event of the men's deaths, to their widows and orphans. The organization developed as a fraternal society. McGivney was also known for his tireless work among his parishioners.<mask> spent seven years at St. Mary's, then became pastor of St. Thomas Church in Thomaston in 1884. He died from pneumonia at the age of 38 in Thomaston on the eve of the Assumption in 1890. The Knights of Columbus was among the first groups to recruit blood donors, with formal efforts dating to 1937 during the Great Depression. As of 2013, the order has more than 1.8 million member families and 15,000 councils. During the 2012 fraternal year, the order donated $167 million and 70 million man-hours to charity. By 2020, the order reached the 2 million member mark. During the 2019 fraternal year, the order donated $187 million and 77 million man-hours to charity.Cause of beatification and canonization

In 1996, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford opened the cause for canonization, an investigation into <mask>'s life with a view towards formal recognition by the Catholic Church of his sainthood. Gabriel O'Donnell is the postulator of <mask>'s cause. He is also the director of the Fr. McGivney Guild, which now has 150,000 members supporting his cause. The diocesan investigation was closed in 2000, and the case was passed to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Vatican City. On March 15, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI approved a decree recognizing McGivney's heroic virtue, thus declaring him as "Venerable." , a miracle attributed to McGivney's intercession was under investigation at the Vatican.On May 27, 2020, the miracle attributed to the intercession of McGivney was approved by Congregation for the Causes of Saints and authorized by Pope Francis. The Miracle involved the healing of <mask> "Mikey" Schachle in his mother's womb after being given a zero percent chance of survival by doctors at Vanderbilt Medical Center in 2015. On October 31, 2020, the beatification Mass of <mask> was celebrated at the Cathedral of Saint Joseph in Hartford, Connecticut with Cardinal <mask>. Tobin  presiding on the Pope's behalf. Legacy
 1989, the York Catholic District School Board in Ontario, Canada, founded a school named Father <mask> Catholic Academy in his honor. It is located in Markham and currently has 1,400 students. Douglas Brinkley and <mask>. Fenster's biography of Fr. McGivney, Parish Priest: Father <mask> and American Catholicism, was published by William Morrow and Company in 2006.The Catholic University of America renamed a prominent building on their campus as McGivney Hall. A stained-glass window depicting McGivney was dedicated September 12, 2009, at St. John Fisher Seminary in Stamford, Connecticut, by Bishop William E. Lori, of Bridgeport. The window was created by Rohl's Stained and Leaded Glass Studio of New Rochelle, New York. Father McGivney Catholic High School in Glen Carbon, Illinois

See also

 List of beatified people
 Roman Catholicism in the United States#American Catholic Servants of God, Venerables, Beatified, and Saints

References

External links
The McGivney Guild
Third Class Relic of Father <mask>. McGivney
History of San Salvador Council One – New Haven, CT
Knights of Columbus Museum-New Haven, CT
https://www.fathermcgivney.org/en/for-the-media/michael-mcgivney-closer-to-sainthood.html htt
http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2020/05/27/0303/00685.html

Further reading

American Roman Catholic priests
Venerated Catholics by Pope Benedict XVI
People from Waterbury, Connecticut
American people of Irish descent
1852 births
1890 deaths
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Connecticut
19th-century venerated Christians
Niagara University alumni
St. Mary's Seminary and University alumni
Catholics from Connecticut
American beatified people
19th-century Roman Catholic priests
Beatifications by Pope Francis

masks:
Michael Joseph McGivney
McGivney
Michael
James Gibbons
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Michael
Michael McGivney
Joseph W
Michael McGivney
Julie M
Michael McGivney
Michael J


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'<mask><mask> (born July 28, 1967) is a former American boxer. Formerly a world-ranked professional light heavyweight, he is now a boxing trainer and an analyst for the ESPN Classic television network. Amateur career
<mask> graduated from Windsor (Connecticut) High School in 1985. He began boxing in 1982 and won numerous championships at middleweight (), including the 1987 Ohio State Fair (Columbus, Ohio), the 1987 National PAL (Jacksonville, Florida) and the 1988 Eastern U.S. Olympic Trials (Fayetteville, North Carolina). <mask> defeated World  Amateur Champion Darin Allen to win the Eastern Trials, future heavyweight contender Melvin Foster to win the Ohio Fair, and nationally rated Kertis Mingo at the National PAL. <mask> won Outstanding Boxer awards at both the 1987 Western Massachusetts Golden Gloves and the 1988 Eastern U.S. Olympic Trials tournaments. In February 1988, the  boxer was named to the All-Time team (in the middleweight spot), for the WM Golden Gloves in Holyoke, Massachusetts, joining fellow standouts Mike Tyson (heavyweight) and Marlon "Magic Man" Starling (honorable mention at welterweight).<mask> won four straight WM Golden Gloves titles (1985–1988) and three consecutive New England Golden Gloves titles (1986–1988). He defeated fellow future world-title challenger Joey DeGrandis to win the 1988 New England Golden Gloves championships. <mask> also advanced to the championship round of the National Golden Gloves tournament on two occasions, losing on a 3–2 split decision in 1987 at Knoxville (to Fabian Williams of Michigan) and a highly disputed 3–2 call in Omaha in 1988, to Keith Providence of New York City. <mask> also notably scored two decision victories en route to each of those national final appearances in 1987 and 1988 over hard-punching future WBC #1 Middleweight contender Lamar "Kidfire" Parks of Greenville, South Carolina. The "Iceman" concluded his amateur career with a Bronze medal winning performance at the 1988 U.S. Olympic Trials in Concord, California, defeating # 3 ranked Joe Hill of Omaha in the quarter-finals before losing a 4–1 decision to World Champion Darin Allen of Columbus, Ohio in the semi-final rematch of their Eastern U.S. Olympic Trials final just one month earlier. <mask> turned professional with a final amateur record of 57–13 (not including two junior olympic bouts at age 15 and two exhibition matches). Professional career
<mask> turned professional in 1988 and finished his career in 2001 with a 38–11 record (21 knockouts).He fought for the International Boxing Federation world light heavyweight championship at Leipzig, Germany in 1996, losing a 12-round decision to unbeaten champion Henry Maske. On December 8, 1995, <mask> fought two-time world champion Michael Nunn for the WBO NABO super middleweight title. Although ESPN commentators had the fight close, Nunn was awarded a unanimous win, including a curiously wide score on the card of judge Harold Gomes. His victories include a unanimous ten-round decision over Art Baylis (On Prime TV Network), a ten-round decision over WBC International  champion Billy Bridges at Harrah's in Atlantic City (on ESPN) and a second-round stoppage over former IBO  world champion Willie Ball at Foxwoods Resort and Casino in Connecticut. <mask> also captured a November 1989 unanimous decision on USA's Tuesday Night Fights, over the former #1 nationally ranked  amateur Alphonso Bailey of Kentucky. <mask>-Bailey was the co-feature to Simon Brown's IBF  title defense against Luis Santana. On May 22, 1992 at Agawam, Massachusetts <mask> captured a unanimous 12-round decision over Southern Boxing Association champion Melvin Wynn of Atlanta, Georgia in a fight contested for the World Boxing Federation Intercontinental Super Middleweight title.<mask> also frequently served as a sparring partner for some of the biggest names in the sport, including the highly regarded world champions Henry Maske, Mike McCallum, Vinny Pazienza, Roy Jones Jr. and James "Lights Out" Toney. In November 2010, "Iceman" <mask> was inducted into the fifth class of the Connecticut Boxing Hall of Fame at the Mohegan Sun Resort and Casino in Connecticut. Since 2001, has been successful as a professional trainer, guiding four boxers to world championships (WIBF Lightweight Champion Liz Mueller, WBA Junior Middleweight Champion Jose Antonio Rivera, IBO Super Bantamweight Champion Mike Oliver and WBC Light heavyweight Champion "Bad" Chad Dawson). The crowning moment may have been when he masterfully guided Rivera to the WBA Junior Middleweight Championship, with a clear points victory on Showtime over defending champion Alejandro "Terra" Garcia. <mask> has also had a hand in the professional training of notable boxers Israel "Pito" Cardona, Matt Godfrey, "Sucra" Ray Olivera, Scott "The Sandman" Pemberton, Lawrence Clay-Bey, Matt Remillard, Francisco "The Wizard" Palacios and George "Monk" Foreman III. The Iceman also assists in the training camps of former world amateur champion and now IBF light heavyweight world champion Artur Beterbiev, who fights out of Montreal, Canada by way of Chechnya (head trainer is Marc Ramsay). He is considered an important part of the development of future WBC light heavyweight world champion "Bad" Chad Dawson.<mask> first trained Dawson for three successful fights in 2004 and 2005 before unforeseen promotional problems caused Dawson to leave to train in Florida with Dan Birmingham. <mask> and Dawson, however, reunited as a team early in the summer of 2011. <mask> later guided Dawson to the biggest win of his professional career on April 28, 2012 at the legendary Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The HBO televised matchup saw Dawson capture a 12-round decision to take the WBC Light heavyweight title from legendary champion Bernard "The Executioner" Hopkins. Notably, when Dawson seemingly began to mentally falter at the halfway point of the match, <mask> masterfully kept the challenger steady, focused and on track between rounds. The exceptional cornerwork was properly noted by HBO's ringside broadcast team of Larry Merchant, Emanuel Steward and Jim Lampley. Known for his insightful takes on the sport of boxing, especially his corner work between rounds of televised fights, <mask> has written a highly praised boxing book entitled, "The Iceman Diaries" that details his life within the sport.He appears often on ESPN Classic, working alongside Joe Tessitore, as a ringside analyst for that network's ESPN Classic Boxing Series. A frequent and widely acclaimed columnist for Britain's "Boxing News" magazine, <mask> has also been featured several times on ESPN News, before and after major fights, previewing and analyzing the action, including Pay-Per-View battles between Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Shane Mosley, and Manny Pacquiao and Miguel Cotto. In 2015 <mask> joined the cast of the Nuvo-TV boxing reality show "KNOCKOUT" alongside Roy Jones Jr., Floyd Mayweather Sr. and Sugar Shane Mosley. <mask> was inducted into the Connecticut Boxing Hall of Fame in November 2009 at the Mohegan Sun Casino. He was also inducted into the Billy C. Boxing Hall of Fame (along with Ernie Shavers and Marlon Starling) at South Glens Falls, New York on November 19, 2011. References

http://www.boxingscene.com/forums/showthread.php?t=86909
http://newsroom.mohegansun.com/2009/10/05/scully-heads-up-connecticut-boxing-hall-of-fame-inductees.html
http://www.secondsout.com/features/main-features/interview--iceman-john-scully
http://www.boxingtalk.com/pag/article.php?aid=31296
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OGCyt_82rI&sns=em
http://leftjaballnight.com/teamleftjab/john-scully-exclusive-team-leftjab-interview-talks-spencebrookwardkovalev/
http://www.boxrec.com

External links

1967 births
Living people
Boxers from Connecticut
American color commentators
Boxing commentators
American male boxers
Middleweight boxers

masks:
Iceman
' John Scully
Scully
Scully
Scully
Scully
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<mask> (December 9, 1902 – May 16, 1985) was an American actress. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's film The Wizard of Oz (1939). A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. In later years, <mask> made frequent cameo appearances on television sitcoms and commercials. She also gained recognition for her work as an advocate of causes designed to benefit children and animals and retained a lifelong commitment to public education. Early life
<mask> was born in Cleveland, the youngest of four children of Walter J<mask> and his wife, Mary Jane (née Adams; known by her nickname, Jennie). She attended Hathaway Brown School while the school was at 1945 East 93rd Street in Cleveland.Drawn to the theater at an early age, <mask> made her amateur stage debut in 1923. <mask> also practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. <mask> made her debut as a "professional entertainer" on December 9, 1929, in a "program of 'heart rending songs'" in the Charles S. Brooks Theater at the Cleveland Play House. She later moved to Painesville, Ohio. Before she turned to acting exclusively, her parents insisted she attend Wheelock College in Boston, which she did, later becoming a kindergarten teacher. Film career
<mask> made her screen debut in 1933 in Another Language. She went on to appear in These Three (1936), Saratoga, You Only Live Once, When's Your Birthday?, Nothing Sacred (all 1937), The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938), My Little Chickadee (with W. C. Fields, 1940), and The Sin of Harold Diddlebock (with Harold Lloyd, 1947).She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($ with inflation) a week. <mask> costarred opposite Buster Keaton and Richard Cromwell in a 1940s spoof of the long-running local melodrama The Drunkard, titled The Villain Still Pursued Her. Later in the decade, she was in a little-known film noir, titled Bungalow 13 (1948), in which she again costarred opposite Cromwell. Her crisp voice with rapid but clear enunciation was another trademark. She appeared regularly in supporting roles in films until the early 1950s and sporadically thereafter. Opposite Bud Abbott and Lou Costello, she played a heavily made-up witch in Comin' Round the Mountain, where her character and Costello go toe-to-toe with voodoo dolls made of each other. She appeared, uncredited, in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's People Will Talk (1951) as Sarah Pickett.In 1960, producer/director William Castle cast <mask> as a housekeeper in his 13 Ghosts horror film, in which 12-year-old lead Charles Herbert's character taunts her about being a witch, including the final scene, in which she is holding a broom in her hand. The Wizard of Oz

In 1939, <mask> played the role of the Wicked Witch of the West, opposite Judy Garland's Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz, creating, not only her most famous role, but also one of the screen's most memorable villains. <mask> was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly. On December 23, 1938, <mask> suffered a second-degree burn on her face and a third-degree burn on her hand during a second take of her fiery exit from Munchkinland in which the trap door's drop was delayed to eliminate the brief glimpse of it seen in the final edit. <mask> had to recuperate in a hospital and at home for six weeks after the accident before returning to the set to complete her work on the film and refused to have anything further to do with fire for the rest of the filming. After she recuperated, she said, "I won't sue, because I know how this business works, and I would never work again. I will return to work on one condition – no more fireworks!"Garland visited <mask> while the latter recuperated at home looking after her son. Studio executives cut some of <mask>'s more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. Later in life, she would comment on the role of the witch in a light-hearted fashion. During one interview, she joked:

I was in need of money at the time, I had done about six pictures for MGM at the time, and my agent called. I said, 'Yes?' and he said 'Maggie, they want you to play a part on the Wizard.' I said to myself, 'Oh, boy, The Wizard of Oz!That has been my favorite book since I was four.' And I asked him what part, and he said, 'The Witch,' and I said, 'The Witch?!' and he said, 'What else?' <mask>'s stand-in and stunt double for the Witch, Betty Danko, also suffered an on-set accident on February 11, 1939. Danko made the fiery entrance to Munchkinland, not <mask>. She was severely burned during the "Surrender Dorothy!" skywriting sequence at the Emerald City.Danko sat on a smoking pipe configured to look like the Witch's broomstick. The pipe exploded on the third take of the scene. She spent 11 days in the hospital and her legs were permanently scarred. The studio hired a new stunt double, Aline Goodwin, to finish the broomstick-riding scene for Danko. When asked about her experiences on the set of The Wizard of Oz, <mask> said her biggest fear was that her monstrous film role would give children the wrong idea of who she really was. In reality, she cared deeply about children, frequently giving to charitable organizations. She often remarked about children coming up to her and asking her why she had been so mean to Dorothy.She appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood in 1975 where she explained to children she was only playing a role and showed how putting on a costume "transformed" her into the witch. She also made personal appearances, and <mask> described the children's usual reaction to her portrayal of the Witch:

Almost always they want me to laugh like the Witch. And sometimes when I go to schools, if we're in an auditorium, I'll do it. And there's always a funny reaction, like 'Ye gods, they wish they hadn't asked.' They're scared. They're really scared for a second. Even adolescents.I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. They like to hear it but they 'don't' like to hear it. And then they go, 'Ohhhhhhhhhh ... !' The picture made a terrible impression of some kind on them, sometimes a ghastly impression, but most of them got over it, I guess ... because when I talk like the Witch, and when I laugh, there is a hesitation and then they clap. They're clapping at hearing the sound again. <mask> played two credited roles in the famous film: Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West. <mask> also appears as an unidentified flying witch during the tornado scene, which may have been the Wicked Witch of the West or her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East.If the latter case, this would be <mask>'s third but uncredited role. Only co-star Frank Morgan played more roles (five) in the film. <mask> and Morgan never share any scenes in Oz. However, in By Your Leave (1934), she plays his housekeeper, and in Saratoga (1937), she has a colloquy with Morgan regarding a cosmetic product he invented (with side glances and eye rolls by Morgan as to its effect on her "beauty"). <mask>'s line from The Wizard of Oz – "I'll get you, my pretty, and your little dog, too!" – was ranked 99th in the 2005 American Film Institute survey of the most memorable movie quotes. Her son, interviewed for the 2005 DVD edition of the film, commented that <mask> enjoyed the line so much, she sometimes used it in her real life.A few months after filming Oz, she appeared in Babes in Arms (1939) as Jeff Steele's aunt, Martha, a society do-gooder who made it her goal to send the gang of child actors, led by Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, to a work farm. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. <mask> and Ray Bolger were cast members in the 1966 fantasy film The Daydreamer, a collection of stories by Hans Christian Andersen. A few years later, they were reunited on Broadway for the short-lived musical Come Summer. Radio, television, and stage career

In the 1940s and 1950s, <mask> had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). During the 1960s and 1970s, <mask> appeared regularly on television. She did a stint as a What's My Line?mystery guest on the popular Sunday night CBS-TV program. She played Morticia Addams' mother, Hester Frump, in three episodes of The Addams Family. (1965–66; <mask> had been offered the role of Grandmama, but turned it down.) In 1962, <mask> played Leora Scofield, a suffragette who arrives in Laramie, Wyoming, to bolster feminist causes in a territory where women had already obtained the right to vote, in the episode "Beyond Justice" of NBC's Laramie. In the story line, she is depicted as a long-lost friend of series character Daisy Cooper, played by Spring Byington. Series lead character Slim Sherman (John Smith) is skeptical of the suffragettes, and Sheriff Mort Corey and he concoct a tale the women should head to Cheyenne, where their services are more needed than in Laramie. Having started on the stage in the early 1930s, she began to work extensively in the theater after leaving Los Angeles.She appeared on Broadway in the musical Goldilocks opposite Don Ameche and Elaine Stritch, gave a lighter touch to the domineering Parthy Anne Hawks in the 1966 revival of Show Boat (dancing with David Wayne), and was the tender Aunt Eller in the 1968 Lincoln Center revival of Oklahoma!. <mask> also toured in many plays and musicals, even repeating her role of the Wicked Witch in specially written stage productions of The Wizard of Oz. For her last stage role, she was cast as Madame Armfeldt in the Stephen Sondheim musical A Little Night Music, singing the song "Liaisons" for the national tour costarring with Jean Simmons as her daughter Desiree. Even with her extensive film career, <mask> took roles in whatever medium she could get if she was free, making her soap opera debut as the nasty Mrs. Sayre on Valiant Lady, who schemed to prevent her daughter from marrying the heroine's son. In the 1960s, <mask> was a regular on another CBS soap opera, The Secret Storm, playing the role of Grace Tyrell's housekeeper, Katie. For ABC's short-lived radio anthology Theatre-Five, she played a manipulative ailing Aunt Lettie to Joan Lorring as the unhappy niece Maude in "Noose of Pearls". In the early 1970s, she joined the cast of another CBS soap opera, As the World Turns, on which she played Miss Peterson, Simon Gilbey's assistant.She had a small role in the made-for-television film The Night Strangler (1973) and appeared as a befuddled neighbor on Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, who is a friend of the very similar Mary Wickes. In The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976), she portrayed Lynde's housekeeper, reprising the Wicked Witch role, as well as introducing Lynde to the rock group Kiss. She reprised her role as the Wicked Witch in an episode of Sesame Street, but as a result of complaints from parents of terrified children, the episode has not been seen since 1976. She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. <mask> continued acting regularly until 1982; her last roles were two guest appearances as veteran journalist Thea Taft (in 1979 and 1982) on Lou Grant. Throughout the 1970s, <mask> lived in New York City's Gramercy Park neighborhood and appeared on local (and some national) public-service announcements for organizations promoting the welfare of pets. Her most visible appearances during this period were as general store owner, Cora, in a national series of television commercials for Maxwell House coffee.On October 30, 1975, she guest-starred on the radio revival series CBS Radio Mystery Theater. In the episode, entitled "Triptych for a Witch," <mask> played the title role. Her Gramercy Park neighbor Sybil Daneman reported that <mask> loved children but they were often afraid to meet her because of her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. Daneman's nephew refused to meet <mask> because even though he understood she was an actress, he thought it was still possible she really was like the character in the movie. In 1973, <mask> produced the stage production of An Evening with the Bourgeoisie. Her other mid-1970s stage productions, as the producer, were The Three Sisters and House Party. Personal life
She married Paul Boynton Meserve on June 13, 1931 and made her debut on the New York City stage the following year.While her acting career developed, her marriage began to fail; the couple divorced in 1938. They had one son, <mask> Meserve (born 1936), whom she raised on her own. She had three grandchildren, Christopher, Scott and <mask>. <mask> never remarried. <mask> remained a lifelong friend of The Wizard of Oz castmate Ray Bolger. Final years and death
<mask>'s early experience as a teacher fueled a lifelong interest in educational issues. She served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951 and was a Sunday school teacher during the 1950s.She lived in Manhattan for most of her adult life. In 1979, she was a guest speaker at a University of Connecticut children's literature class. She later moved to Millbrook, New York. She subsequently developed Alzheimer's disease and died in her sleep following a heart attack on May 16, 1985 in Salisbury, Connecticut at age 82. Her remains were cremated at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery, and her ashes were scattered in Amenia, New York. Filmography

Film

Television

See also
 Miss Gulch Returns!, 1979 play

References

Further reading

External links

 <mask> correspondence and ephemera, 1944-1979, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
 Obituary, The Millbrook Round Table, May 22, 1985

1902 births
1985 deaths
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American educators
Activists from California
Actresses from Cleveland
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
California Republicans
Schoolteachers from Ohio
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Ohio Republicans
School board members in California
Wheelock College alumni
20th-century American women educators
Members of the Junior League

masks:
Margaret Brainard Hamilton
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