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<mask> (born 23 November 1959) is an Argentine comics artist. In the United States he is best known for his work with writer Brian Azzarello on the Vertigo title 100 Bullets, while in Argentina and Europe he is noted for his collaborations with Ricardo Barreiro and Carlos Trillo. He has received much acclaim for his work. He is the main creator of the popular Argentine comic convention Crack Bang Boom; a massive event which is held annually in the city of Rosario and is considered as the most important of its type in South America. Biography
Risso was born in Leones in Córdoba Province, Argentina, and started as a cartoonist in 1981, drawing his first collaborations for the morning newspaper La Nación and the magazines Eroticón and Satiricón, all published by Editorial Columba. In 1986, he worked for Eura Editoriale of Rome, Italy, and in 1987 he drew Parque Chas, scripted by Ricardo Barreiro. The series was first published by Fierro in Argentina and then by Totem in Spain,  Comic Art in Italy and finally the complete series as an album in France, Germany, Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland and the United States.In 1988, he drew Cain, again scripted by Barreiro. Later that same year, <mask> drew Fulù, scripted by Carlos Trillo, published in Italy, France, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, and in Argentina in the Puertitas magazine. The Trillo-<mask> duo also created Simon: An American Tale, published in Italy and France, Borderline, published in Italy and Chicanos, published in Italy and France. Risso and writer Brian Azzarello launched the 100 Bullets series for Vertigo in August 1999. Azzarello and Risso collaborated on several Batman stories as well including "Broken City" in Batman #620–625 (December 2003 – May 2004); a Batman serial for Wednesday Comics #1–12 (2009); and the Flashpoint: Batman Knight of Vengeance limited series in 2011. Other projects from the team include Spaceman and the 100 Bullets: Brother Lono limited series. Risso and writer J. Michael Straczynski produced the Before Watchmen: Moloch two-issue limited series in 2013.Paul Dini's Dark Night: A True Batman Story graphic novel was drawn by <mask> in 2016. He also started work on the Image Comics series Moonshine. In 2010 he created the Argentine event Crack Bang Boom, a comics/Argentine comics, cartoon, cosplay, fantasy and science-fiction convention, which is annually held in the city of Rosario. Hosted and organized by <mask> with a group of collaborators and with support from the Municipality of Rosario, Crack Bang Boom has become the most famous convention of its type in Argentina, as well as one of the most important events for the comics world in South America. Awards
<mask> has won four Eisner Awards for his work on 100 Bullets with Brian Azzarello. He won for the "Best Serialized Story" in 2001; for "Best Continuing Series" in 2002 and 2004; and for "Best Artist" in 2002. He won the Harvey Award for "Best Artist" in 2002 and 2003.1: First Shot, Last Call, DC Comics
 2000/01 – Vertigo: Winter's Edge #3: "Silencer Night", DC Comics
 2000/03 – Transmetropolitan #31, DC Comics
 2000/04 – Transmetropolitan: I Hate it Here #1, DC Comics
 2000/05 – "Spring Fever" (in Heavy Metal)
 2000/08 – "Batman: Scars" (Batman Black and White back-up story in Batman: Gotham Knights #8), DC Comics

2001
 2001 – 100 Bullets (issues #18–29), DC Comics
 2001/02 – 100 Bullets Vol. 2: Split Second Chance, DC Comics
 2001/03 – "The Swamp Monster Strikes Again" (in Heavy Metal)
 2001/04 – "Once Upon a Time in the Future" (in Weird Western Tales #3), DC Comics
 2001/07 – Spider-Man's Tangled Web #4: "Severance Package", Marvel Comics
 2001/11 – 100 Bullets Vol.3: Hang Up on the Hang Low, DC Comics

2002
 2002 – 100 Bullets (issues #30–39), DC Comics
 2002/01- "911: America's Pastime" (in 9-11: The World's Finest Comic Book Writers & Artists Tell Stories to Remember, Volume Two)
 2002/01- Superman pinup (in The Adventures of Superman #600), DC Comics
 2002/05 – Alan Moore – Monographie
 2002/06 – 100 Bullets Vol. 4: A Foregone Tomorrow, DC Comics
 2002/07 – Green Lantern pinup (in Green Lantern Secret Files and Origins #3), DC Comics

2003
 2003 – 100 Bullets (issues #40–47), DC Comics
 2003 – Bernet (pinup in Art Book)
 2003/03 – 100 Bullets Vol. 5: The Counterfifth Detective, DC Comics
 2003/04 – Vertigo X Preview (pinup), DC Comics
 2003/09 – 100 Bullets Vol. 6: Six Feet Under the Gun, DC Comics
 2003/10 – 2004/03 – Batman #620–625 (2003–2004), collected in Batman: Broken City, DC Comics
 2003/10 – JSA All-Stars #6
(Doctor Mid-Nite story), DC Comics

2004
 2005 – 100 Bullets (#48–54), DC Comics
 2004/03 – Wonder Woman vol. 2 #200 (pinup), DC Comics
 2004/07 – 100 Bullets Vol. 7: Samurai, DC Comics
 2004/09 – Eduardo Risso: Black.White

2005
 2005 – 100 Bullets (#55–65), DC Comics
 2005/02 – Batman Black and White statue, DC Comics
 2005/04 –  Vertigo: First Taste
 2005/07 – 100 Bullets Vol. 8: The Hard Way, DC Comics

2006
 2006 – 100 Bullets (issues #66–77), DC Comics
 2006/04 – 100 Bullets Vol. 9: Strychnine Lives, DC Comics

2007
 2007 – 100 Bullets (issues #78–85), DC Comics

2008
 2008 – 100 Bullets (issues #86–96), DC Comics
 2008 – Logan #1–3, Marvel Comics
 2008 – The Spirit #13, DC Comics

2009
 2008 – 100 Bullets (issues #97–100), DC Comics
 2009 – Wednesday Comics #1–12 (Batman serial), DC Comics

2010
 2010 – DMZ #50 (pinup), DC Comics
 2010 – Vampire Boy, Dark Horse Comics

2011
 2011 – Jonah Hex #62, DC Comics
 2011 – Strange Adventures vol.

masks:
Eduardo Risso
Risso
Risso
Risso
Risso
Risso


text_chunks:
<mask> (28 May 1852 – 16 July 1928) was a British comedian, actress and singer of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, who enjoyed a theatre career spanning five decades. Venne began her stage career in musical burlesque before moving into farce and comedy. She appeared in several works by each of F. C. Burnand and W. S. Gilbert and was often in plays with Charles Hawtrey later in her career. Early life and career
Born as <mask>, her first professional appearance came in 1867 as Miss Charbonnel in A Dream in Venice at the Gallery of Illustration in London, followed by two years touring in the provinces. For part of this time, she joined Captain Disney Roebuck's touring company, where she met her future husband, Walter H. Fisher. In London, in 1870, Venne played Susan Piper in A Bull in a China Shop, a comedy by Charles Mathews at the Haymarket Theatre. At the same theatre, she appeared as Jemima in Rural Felicity by John Baldwin Buckstone.In the early 1870s, she played many roles in musical burlesques such as Francis Talfourd's Atalanta as Cupid, Little Jack Sheppard as Jonathan Wild (1871 on tour), Dr. Faust as Franz, Ixion as Cupid (1873), and Don Juan as Zerlina (1873 at the Alhambra Theatre). She played Polly Twinkle in La Vie parisienne in 1872, and, at the Court Theatre, played in Christabel, Zampa, Lady Audley's Secret and others. Venne played the role of Zayda in the 1873 play The Happy Land by W. S. Gilbert and Gilbert Arthur à Beckett at the Court Theatre, together with Fisher. The same year, in the same house, she appeared in Playing with Fire. In 1874, she joined the company at the Strand Theatre, where she first played Lady Constance in The Field of the Cloth of Gold. She remained at that theatre for four years in burlesques and comedies, such as Nemesis by H. B. Farnie, Loo and the Party Who Took Miss, Intimidad, Flamingo, Cracked Heads (1876, a parody of Gilbert's Broken Hearts) by Arthur Clements and Frederick Hay, The Lying Dutchman, Princess Toto by Gilbert and Frederic Clay, Champagne, and as the Plaintiff in Gilbert and Sullivan's Trial by Jury in 1877, opposite Fisher's Defendant. Also at the Strand, she played Penelope, the bewildered housemaid, in Sydney Grundy's comedy The Snowball and appeared in Our Club and The Baby.She built her popularity through a series of roles in works by F. C. Burnand, including Dora and Diplunacy, a burlesque of Diplomacy (in which she parodied Effie Bancroft), Family Ties and The Red Rover (a burlesque of Robertson's sentimental plays). In 1879, at the Royalty Theatre, she played Eliza in a revival of The Zoo by B. C. Stephenson and Arthur Sullivan. The same year, she was particularly successful playing the title role in Burnand's farce Betsy at the Criterion Theatre. This was followed by comic roles such as Amy Jones in Crutch and Toothpick by G. R. Sims at the Royalty (1879), and by roles in Young Mrs. Winthrop, and On Change. She also played the title role in Jane. In 1880, she was Kitty Clark in The Little Mother at the Gaiety Theatre, London. Venne appeared in the 1881 comedy Out of the Hunt at the Comedy Theatre with E. H. Sothern.The same year, she played Mrs. Pilate Pump in Blue and Buff, Mrs. Delafield in Reclaimed and Gwendolyn Kingfisher in Dust. In 1882, she was Nettie Milsom in The Manager and starred as Mary Ledger, with Marion Terry and Johnston Forbes-Robertson, in G. W. Godfrey's comedy The Parvenu at the Court Theatre. Reviewing the play, The Labour Standard wrote, "<mask> is the Princess of the play; her style is charming, and her voice is clear and sweet." In 1883, she was Marceline in Lurette Fleurette in Barbe-Bleue and Peg O'Reilly in The Glass of Fashion by Grundy at the Globe Theatre, with Herbert Beerbohm Tree. Among many other roles in the mid-1880s, she played Agatha Poskett in Arthur Wing Pinero's The Magistrate (1885 at the Court Theatre) and Honour in Robert Buchanan's Sophia (1886; adapted from Fielding's Tom Jones at the Vaudeville Theatre). In 1887, she was Rose in a version of the Arabian Nights, by Von Moser, with Charles Hawtrey and W. S. Penley. The next year, she starred as Mrs. Bardell with Rutland Barrington and Arthur Cecil at the Comedy Theatre in Pickwick by Burnand and Edward Solomon.Barrington commented, "This great little artist possesses, in addition to her many charms, a wonderful manner of speaking that kind of doubtful line which is sometimes alluded to by journalists as 'skating on thin ice'; and this power was occasionally abused by authors, much to her distress. She once came to me at rehearsal and pointing out a speech said, 'B. dear, I can't say that, now, can I?' My obvious reply was, 'Well, <mask>, if you can't, no one can.'" She also appeared as Polly Eccles in Caste by T. W. Robertson (1889) at the Criterion Theatre. In 1890 she was Pert in London Assurance by Dion Boucicault at the Avenue Theatre, followed by two seasons at the Comedy Theatre, including in Poet and Puppets, a travesty of Oscar Wilde's Lady Windermere's Fan, by Charles Brookfield, with Charles Hawtrey. In 1893, she was in a musical piece by Brookfield and Seymour Hicks called Under the Clock at the Court Theatre, also starring Brookfield as Sherlock Holmes and Hicks as Dr. Watson.Venne played Hannah, a maid of all-work. That year, she also played Zulu in Forbidden Fruit at the Vaudeville. Later years

With the advent of Edwardian musical comedy, Venne appeared in George Edwardes hits as Lady Virginia Forrest in The Gaiety Girl (1893), as Madame Amelia in An Artist's Model (1895) and as Lady St. Mallory in Three Little Maids (1902). In 1894, she was in Burnand's A Gay Widow with Hawtrey and Eva Moore. After An Artist's Model, she toured in the companies of Lewis Waller and Lillie Langtry. She returned to London in 1896 and resumed playing a constant schedule of new roles, including Lady Barker in The Mermaids at the Garrick Theatre. She was Lady Horton in The Royal Star with Willie Edouin (1898).She starred as Mrs. Candour in a 1900 revival of The School for Scandal at the Haymarket Theatre. Among her roles after this were Fatima Wilson West in The Love Birds at the Savoy Theatre and Xenofa in His Highness, My Husband by William Boosey, at the Comedy Theatre, with Eric Lewis (1904). She starred as Mrs. Parker-Jennings in W. Somerset Maugham's hit play Jack Straw, in 1908, with Hawtrey at the Vaudeville Theatre. In 1910, she appeared as Mrs. Cummin in Little Miss Cummin with Marie Lohr at the Playhouse Theatre, and the same year, she was Mrs. Malaprop in The Rivals, by Richard Brinsley Sheridan at the Lyric Theatre. The next year, among other roles, she was Mrs. Grundy in Orpheus in the Underground at His Majesty's Theatre. In 1912, at the Criterion, she was Lady Julia Ventermere in A Young Man's Fancy. She continued to performa a heavy schedule through the end of World War I and beyond.<mask> was also in the 1917 film Masks and Faces. Later stage appearances included the role of Mrs. Shuttleworth, with Charles Hawtrey and Gladys Cooper, in Maugham's Home and Beauty in 1919 at the Playhouse Theatre. That year, she was also Mary Knowle in The Romantic Age, a comedy by A. A. Milne at the Comedy Theatre. Later, she played Lady Catherine in The Circle at the Haymarket Theatre. She also reprised her role in Jack Straw (1923) and appeared in The Claimant (1924). The next year, at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, she appeared in Lionel and Clarissa.Her last performance was at the Lyric, Hammersmith on 30 September 1927. By the end of her career, Venne had appeared in over 200 roles. The theatre community feted Venne in a Jubilee "super-matinee" celebration on 13 November 1925. For the occasion, J. M. Barrie provided scenes from a new play, Shall We Join the Ladies? starring Dion Boucicault, Jr., Gwen Ffrangcon Davies, Ronald Squire, Marie Lohr, Johnston Forbes-Robertson, Gladys Cooper, Gerald du Maurier and others. Others who took part in the celebration included Sonnie Hale, Henry Ainley, Jack Hulbert, Cicely Courtneidge, Marie Tempest, Madge Kendal (who gave the tribute to her) and George Grossmith, Jr.

Venne married actor Walter H. Fisher, with whom she had performed early in her career on tour, in The Happy Land and in Trial by Jury. Their son was the actor H. J. Fisher, and their daughter the actress Audrey Fisher.She died in a London nursing home in 1928, aged 76 years. Venne's obituary in The Times commented that her "knowing smile, a smirk that was all her own, made her a personality regarded with real affection during her long [career]". Notes

References

Powell, G. Rennie (Rennie Palgrave). The Bristol Stage, Bristol Printing & Publishing (1919)

External links
Venne on the National Portrait Gallery website

1852 births
1928 deaths
English stage actresses
People associated with Gilbert and Sullivan

masks:
Lottie Venne
Hannah Charlotte Venne
Venne
Lottie
Venne


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<mask>. (born July 22, 1948) is a retired four-star general who served as the 36th Chief of Staff of the United States Army from April 10, 2007, to April 10, 2011. He served as Commanding General, Multi-National Force – Iraq from June 2004 to February 8, 2007, and was in the army for his entire adult working life. He now resides in Arlington, Virginia. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Sendai during the Allied occupation of Japan. His father, <mask><mask>., was a West Point graduate who rose to the rank of major general and served in  the Korean War and the Vietnam War. His father commanded the 1st Cavalry Division in Vietnam and was killed on July 7, 1970, when his command helicopter crashed in South Vietnam en route to a hospital to visit wounded American soldiers. <mask>, a military brat, grew up on army posts in the United States, Japan, and Germany and graduated from Boston College High School in Boston, Massachusetts.After high school, he applied to West Point, like his father, but was unsuccessful. He went on to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in international relations from Georgetown University in 1970 and later a Master of Arts degree in international relations from the University of Denver in 1980. Additionally, <mask> worked for Vince Lombardi during one summer when the latter was coach of the Washington Redskins. Career

<mask> was commissioned through the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps in 1970 following graduation from Georgetown University. <mask> served in the Mechanized Infantry during the command portion of his career. He was the commander of the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division, and the Assistant Division Commander – Maneuver (later Assistant Division Commander – Support) of the 1st Armored Division in Germany. He deployed as part of Operation Joint Endeavor to Bosnia-Herzegovina from July 1996 to August 1997.He and the Rear Command Post staff were based in Slavonski Brod, Croatia. <mask> took command of the 1st Armored Division in July 1999. After relinquishing command of the division in July 2001, <mask> served in a senior staff position in the Pentagon as the Director of Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5), the Joint Staff from October 2001 to January 2003. His next position was Director of the Joint Staff in Washington, D.C. from January 2003 to October 2003. Following these assignments, <mask> was nominated and confirmed as the 30th Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, serving in that post until June 2004. Multi-National Force – Iraq
<mask> served as the senior coalition commander in Iraq from June 2004 to February 2007. He replaced Lieutenant General Ricardo S. Sanchez.<mask>'s goal was to encourage the Iraqis to take ownership of their problems and responsibility for their own security. For his part as a military commander, he focused on training Iraqi forces, limiting the role of American forces, and transferring the burden for providing security to Iraqi forces. Meanwhile, U.S. diplomats would focus on building and strengthening the Iraqi government and help the Iraqis hold elections. He expressed his view that a large and intrusive American presence in Iraq would not solve the political and security problems in that country and could even fuel the insurgency. In 2005, <mask> was hopeful that the December 2005 Iraqi elections could lead to a more unified and moderate Iraq which—in conjunction with the training of Iraqi security forces—could pave the way for U.S. troop reductions in early 2006. In August 2005, <mask> used specific troop numbers in his public discussion of a possible drawdown. He said the troop level of 138,000 could be reduced by 30,000 in the early months of 2006 as Iraqi security forces took on a greater role.President <mask>. Bush publicly called the talk "speculation" and rebuked the general. The bombing of the al-Askari Mosque, a sacred Shia religious site in Samarra, is believed to have stoked sectarian tensions and derailed coalition plans to speedily transfer significant security responsibility to the Iraqi government by the end of 2006. In January 2007, <mask> implied his opposition to a troop surge:

Army Chief of Staff
In January 2007, President <mask>. Bush nominated <mask> for elevation to Chief of Staff of the Army. Opposition to the nomination came from Senators John McCain and Lindsey Graham who questioned <mask>'s leadership in Iraq, with McCain's criticisms focused on <mask>'s "optimistic and rosy scenarios" of progress in the Iraq War. In spite of this, the Senate confirmed his nomination on February 8, 2007, with a bipartisan vote of 83–14. On February 10, 2007, <mask> relinquished command in Iraq to General David Petraeus. <mask> officially succeeded General Peter Schoomaker as Chief of Staff of the Army on April 10, 2007.As the 36th Chief of Staff of the United States Army from April 2007 to 2011, <mask> led what is arguably the world's largest and most complex organization—1.1 million people strong, with a $200+ billion annual budget—during one of the most extraordinary periods in military and global political history. He became Chief of Staff of an Army that was stretched from 6 years of continuous war. Over his tenure he stabilized and transformed the army to meet the challenges of the 21st century while continuing to meet the demands of two wars. <mask> transformed an army trained and prepared for conventional war, to an agile force more suited to modern challenges. <mask> accelerated the growth of the army, instituted Retention Bonuses for young officers, increased the funding for soldier and family programs, improved the way the army cared for its wounded soldiers and surviving family members and drove down the stigma associated with behavioral health counseling to stabilize an army stretched by war. He also improved the leadership training for the army's General Officer Corps, advanced the transformation of the army's business and decision making processes, moved the army onto a rotational deployment program much like the Marine Corps' and oversaw a substantial improvement in the capabilities of the Army National Guard and Army Reserves. In the immediate aftermath of the 2009 Fort Hood shooting committed by United States Army psychiatrist Nidal Hasan, <mask> expressed concern about jumping to conclusions before the investigation was completed, telling CNN's John King that "this increased speculation could cause a backlash against some of our Muslim soldiers" and "As great a tragedy as this was, it would be a shame if our diversity became a casualty as well."Several months later, in a February 2010 interview, <mask> said: "Our diversity not only in our Army, but in our country, is a strength. And as horrific as this tragedy was, if our diversity becomes a casualty, I think that's worse." Retirement
<mask> retired on April 11, 2011. <mask>, whose parents were from Massachusetts, moved to Arlington, Virginia upon his retirement. <mask> is currently a Distinguished Senior Lecturer of Leadership at Cornell University's Johnson Graduate School of Management as well as a teaching fellow at the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business.

masks:
George William Casey Jr
Casey
George W
. Casey Sr
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
George W
Casey
George W
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey


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Charles-Michel-<mask>, born in Paris on February 13, 1718 and died January 8, 1778 is a painter, draftsman and French architect. Having studied with Boucher and Le Moyne, he was one of the most appreciated painters of his time and enjoyed a huge success across Europe. His architectural drawings in the style of Piranesi contributed to his appointment in 1764 as Draftsman of the Chamber and the Cabinet of the King, charge for which he would produce many ephemeral architectures for parties and great royal funerals. He played a pivotal role in the transition between rococo and classical styles and was one of the essential contributors to the creation of aesthetics known as the Louis XVI style . The first years (1718 - 1742)
Charles-Michel-<mask> was born in Paris to a modest family from March 18, 1718. He first studied architecture with the Dominican friar Brother André before joining the workshop of François Lemoyne, then at the height of his glory. After the latter's suicide in 1731, he became a pupil of François Boucher, whose friend he became and whose technique would have a lasting influence on him.In 1738, he first runs for the Prix de Rome and came second. He will be a candidate again in 1740 and 1741, the year he receives the Grand Prize for his Tobit Healing. Among the members of the jury are Nicolas de Largillière and Charles van Loo. His brother, Simon, won the second prize in sculpture the same year. The Roman years (1742 - 1749)
He arrived in Rome on November 3, 1742, as a resident at the French Academy in Rome. Under the direction of Jean-Francois de Troy, he made copies of Raphael Stanze in the Vatican to send them to the Gobelins as cartons for tapestries. <mask> copied in particular The Encounter between Leo I the Great and Attila.He took advantage of his stay to travel in Italy, from which he brought back a number of architectural drawings and landscapes. In Campania, he visits Herculaneum and ventured into the crater of Vesuvius, then active, which he will report in a scientific treatise. As part of the Academy of Rome, he also plays a leading role in the development of festive decorations, or farandoles, in the context of the carnival of 1748 and is brought to collaborate with the architects Louis-Joseph Le Lorrain, Ennemond- Alexandre Petitot and Charles-Louis Clérisseau who will reinforce his neoclassical way. The success of these initiatives will play a significant role in his appointment as head of Menus Plaisirs a few years later. He remains in Rome for seven years while the normal length of a stay was not supposed to exceed three years. But it is especially by his drawings of monuments in the style of Piranesi that this period will mark the work of <mask>. The influence of the great draftsman on the Académie de France, near the studio where his works were engraved, is well known.Throughout his career, <mask> will produce a large number of high quality drawings in the style of Piranesi and will work on the French translation of his theoretical works. He designs temples, triumphal arches, monumental sculptural groups, and bridges for which he uses a number of monumental motifs: columns, funerary urns, obelisks. The Great Years (1749 - 1764)
Back in Paris in 1749, he enjoys a huge success and becomes one of the most prominent painters. In 1752, he is an accredited member of the Royal Academy of Painting and becomes a member two years later. In 1758, he is appointed professor of perspective to replace Sébastien Leclerc. His reception piece at the Academy, The Union of Painting and Sculpture Arts by Drawing, ornates the ceiling of the meeting room. A prolific painter, he produced many pieces, showing the influence of François Boucher and Nicolas de Troy (Les Charmes multipliés, The Crowned Shepard), which enjoyed considerable success in France but also in Prussia, in all German states, England and Russia.Many European courts invited him without success. The best of his works were engraved (Jupiter and Leda, engraved in 1761 by Jean-Baptiste Tillard). He exhibited at the Salon of 1753 and will continue to participate in the following years, alongside Jean Siméon Chardin, Etienne Jeaurat, Jean-Marc Nattier, Jean Restout, Louis Tocque, Louis-Michel and Charles van Loo. He displayed religious paintings (Saint Sebastien, Last Judgment, Ascension), history paintings (Lucretia and Brutus, Death of Cleopatra) and portraits (Mignot, sculptor of the king.) But his work for the Salon will earn him in 1763 violent criticism of Diderot after some praise on his Socrates on the Verge of Drinking Hemlock in 1761:"It looks like being painted a hundred years ago; but it is much older for the way than for the color. It looks like it's a copy after some ancient bas-relief. There reigns a simplicity, a tranquility, especially in the main figure, which is hardly of our time."His Sleeping Venus is very much appreciated especially at the court:"It is about this painting that Louis XV asked a lady of his court, famous for her taste in the arts, what she thought of the Salon, she replied that she remembered only the Venus from Challe. "In 1765, he presented a monumental painting: Hector Entering the Palace of Pâris which earned him unanimous negative reviews and dissuaded him from exhibiting the following years. Nevertheless, he continued to be very much in demand and became one of the most expensive painters of his time. He decorated many churches (Oratoire du Louvre, Convent of Feuillants, Saint-Hippolyte and Saint-Roch in Paris) and mansions (hotels of Palatine of Lithuania, of Soyecourt, of Malta, of Duke of Praslin, of Duke of Aiguillon.) Draftsman of the King's Chamber and Cabinet (1764 - 1778)
After the death of the sculptor and ornamanist René Michel Slodz in 1764, he was appointed, by a royal decree of 23 February 1765, Draftsman of the Chamber and Cabinet of the King, a position he obtained thanks to the support of the Duke d'Aumont in competition with other brilliant candidates (de Wailly, Bocquet, Géraud.) This charge is then important to the court:"Machinist, composer of theater clothes and ballet costumes, organizer of funerals, artificer, scenery painter, in a word, man of common taste and easy elegance, such was the draftsman of the cabinet of His Majesty. "He will be particularly famous in the early years for the ephemeral architectures he creates for the great funerals at a time when the taste is in transition to neoclassicism "the greak way".Thus he conceives the monuments of the infant Philippe de Bourbon, Duke of Parma, of Louis-Ferdinand,, Dauphin of France, of Stanislas Leszczynski, King of Poland, of Elisabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain, of the Dauphine Maria Josepha of Saxony, of the Queen of France, of Charles-Emmanuel III of Savoy and finally of King Louis XV himself. The label of the moment wants indeed that great funeral"Corroborate the elaboration of a rhetoric that attempts to compose a kind of figurative eulogy that also obeys a precise geography"They constitute a graphic counterpart to the funeral oration. The king's draftsman also creates sets for other royal ceremonies: entrances, weddings, law courts, parties and entertainment. In 1770, he creates the ephemeral decoration of the marriage of the Dauphin, future Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette at Versailles and the Orangery with the assistance of Moreau the Younger who will succeed him:"This palace of the Sun, raised at one end of the canal, whose waters reflected torrents of light will remembered for a long time. These groves and beds of fire, basins where the two elements seemed to be confused, the variety of amusements and shows distributed throughout the park to share the crowd. "He is the first to engrave his drawings, which allows us to rediscover today this less known part of French art of the seventeenth century, all the achievements of Menus Plaisirs having been dismantled after being used. The last years
In November 1770, an aging <mask> was named knight of the order of Saint Michel and ennobled.He is filled with honors and received at the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of Lyon. In 1762 he married Madeline-Sophie Nattier, the youngest daughter of Jean-Marc Nattier with whom he had no children. In the last years of his life, he worked on a project to expand the city of Marseille which was first approved by Turgot, Minister of the Navy, before being abandoned. His declining health did not allow him to participate actively in the decor of the coronation of Louis XVI in Reims in June 1775, which will be directed by his assistant Moreau le Jeune . He died on January 8, 1778 from a violent fever, at the age of 59 years. Beyond his painted and engraved work, he leaves many books, plays in verse, dramatic works, travel stories and translations of Piranesi, not to mention his scientific essay on Vesuvius but none has been published under his name and it is difficult to trace his aliases. Works

Paintings
 Guérison de Tobie, 1741, École des beaux-arts de Paris
 Vénus et Amour, 1752, 98 x 150 cm, musée du Louvre, Paris.Danaé, 1752, 97 x 152 cm, musée du Louvre, Paris
 Jupiter et Léda, collection particulière, New York
 Le Repas d'Emmaüs, 1754 - 1759, 117 x 126 cm, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec
 La Résurrection, 1754 - 1758, 253 x 364 cm, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec
 Le Christ et le centurion , 1758, église Saint-Roch, Paris
 Le Génie qui unit la Peinture et la Sculpture, 1753, château de Fontainebleau
 La Religion invitant à ses saints mystères, église Saint-Médard, Paris
 La Mort de Didon, décoration du plafond de l'académie
 La Mort d'hercule, Salon de 1763
 Le Mariage de la Vierge, église Saint-Bruno, Lyon. Louis XV glorifié par la Peinture et la Sculpture, plafond du petit salon Louis XV, château de Fontainebleau
 Vue de l'intérieur du Colisée, dessin préparatoire, Musée Magnin, Dijon
 Vue des souterrains du Colisée, dessin préparatoire, Musée Magnin, Dijon

Engravings from Challe
 Jupiter and Leda, engraved by Jean-Baptiste Tilliard, Teyler Museum, Haarlem
 Cleopatra's Death, 1770-1778, engraved by Jean-Baptiste Michel, Portugal National Library, Lisbon

Notes and references

Bibliography
 Dictionnaire Bénézit
 Richard P. Wunder, « Charles Michel Ange Challe, A Study of his Life and Work », in Apollo, janvier 1968
 Marie-Catherine Sahut, « Deux tableaux de Charles-Michel-Ange Challe destinés aux salles du mobilier du XVIIe siècle », in Bulletin de la Société des Amis du Louvre, décembre 2013. Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon, K.G. Saur , München / Leipzig, K.G. Saur Verlag, 1992. Journal de Paris, numéro 154, 3 juin 1778. 18th-century French painters
French male painters
18th-century French architects

masks:
Ange Challe
Ange Challe
Challe
Challe
Challe
Challe


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Louis-François, Baron Lejeune (3 February 1775 in Strasbourg – 29 February 1848) was a French general, painter, and lithographer. His memoirs have frequently been republished and his name is engraved on the Arc de Triomphe. Life
He studied painting in the studio of Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes, alongside Jean-Victor Bertin, but left the studio to volunteer in the Compagnie des arts de Paris in 1792. He received his baptism of fire in the battle of Valmy later that year. He became a sergeant in the 1st Arsenal battalion and in 1793 moved to the artillery at La Fère, assisting in the sieges of Landrecies, Le Quesnoy and Valenciennes. At Valenciennes he became aide-de-camp to General Jacob then, as a lieutenant on attachment to the engineers, took part in the 1794 Holland campaign and the 1795 campaign. Called to the depot in 1798, he succeeded brilliantly in his exams and was made a captain on attachment to the engineers.He became aide-de-camp to Marshal Berthier in 1800, a post he retained until 1812 and in which he took an active part in practically all of the Napoleonic campaigns. He was wounded and captured in Spain. He was promoted to full captain after Marengo and chef de bataillon after Austerlitz, also becoming a knight of the Légion d'honneur and a colonel at the Siege of Saragossa. The German campaign of 1806 brought him to Munich, where he visited the workshop of Alois Senefelder, the inventor of lithography. Lejeune was fascinated by the possibilities of the new method and whilst there he made the drawing on stone of his famous Cossack (printed by C. and ~f. Senefelder, 1806). Whilst he was taking his dinner, and with his horses harnessed and waiting to take him back to Paris, one hundred proofs were printed, one of which he subsequently submitted to Napoleon.The introduction of lithography into France was greatly due to the efforts of <mask>. In 1812, during the French invasion of Russia, he was made général de brigade and chief of staff to Davout. Frostbitten on the face, Lejeune left his post during the retreat from Russia and was arrested on the orders of Napoleon. Freed in March 1813, Lejeune was then sent to the Illyrian provinces, before rejoining the army under the orders of Marshal Oudinot, becoming his chief of staff. During the Saxony campaign, Lejeune was present at the Battle of Lutzen (1813), the crossing of the River Spree and at Bautzen. He was made an officer of the Légion d'honneur and a commander of the Order of Maximilian of Bavaria. At the battle of Hoyersverda, when Bülow's corps wiped out the 12th corps formed up in square on the plain, Lejeune (at risk of being kidnapped) ventured into the enemy lines with one battalion, General Wolf's cavalry and six 12 pounder guns.He thus broke the whole of the Prussian artillery and saved marshal Oudinot and his army. Wounded several times and lastly at Hanau, he was authorised to leave the army in November 1813 after more than 20 years' service. After his departure from the army, he devoted himself to painting. After an initial grant in Hanover in 1808, and a second in Westphalia in 1810, he was made a baron d'Empire in 1810. Already a member of the cross of the Order of Leopold, Lejeune was made a knight of St Louis by Louis XVIII and in 1823 a commander of the Légion d'honneur. He returned to the army (now under the Bourbons) from 1818 to 1824, becoming commander of Haute-Garonne in 1831. On 2 September 1821 he married Louise Clary, sister of General Marius Clary and niece of Désirée Clary, queen of Sweden by her marriage with Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte.In 1824 the king of Sweden conferred on <mask> the grand-cross of the Order of the Sword. In 1837 he became director of the École des beaux-arts et de l’industrie in Toulouse, a city of which he became mayor in 1841 and in which he died of a heart attack aged 73. Honours and awards
 1808: Knight of the Legion of Honour (France)
 1810: Order of Leopold (Austrian Empire)
 1813: Officer of the Legion of Honour
 1823: Commander of the Legion of Honour
 1824: Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword (Sweden)
 Knight of the Order of Saint Louis (France)

<mask>'s name has been inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris (19th column). Works

He produced an important series of battle-pictures based on his experiences. He had kept his paintbrushes with him on the battlefield and the popularity he enjoyed was due to the truth and vigour of his work, which was generally executed from sketches and studies made on the battlefield. His works are known for their lofty perspective' "offering a panoramic view of the totality of the battle's events." When his battle-pictures were shown at the Egyptian Hall in London, a rail had to be put up to protect them from the eager crowds of sightseers.He is best known for his paintings of the battle of Guirando, which appeared in 1819 to enormous success, and of the battle of Borodino, his masterwork. Many of his battle-pictures were engraved by Jacques Joseph Coiny and Edme Bovinet. He also produced several studies of uniforms in the French Imperial Army, such as those of the lancers of Berg under Murat and of Berthier's aides-de-camp. Among his chief works are The Entry of Charles X. into Paris, 6 June 1825 at Versailles; Episode of the Prussian War, October 1807 at Douai Museum; Marengo (1801); Lodi, Thabor, Aboukir (1804); The Pyramids (1806); Passage of the Rhine in 1795 (1824), and Moskawa (??). In fiction
In the historical novel The Battle, Lejeune is a main character. References

Sources

Further reading

External links

1775 births
1848 deaths
French generals
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Barons Lejeune
18th-century French painters
French male painters
19th-century French painters
French printmakers
French war artists
Military art
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Order of the Sword
Knights of the Order of Saint Louis
French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
19th-century war artists
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe

masks: Lejeune Lejeune Lejeune


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<mask><mask> (23 August 1939 - 29 April 1996) was a Malagasy politician. Born in Ampitatafika, Antanifotsy, he was an activist of the Vital Forces Committee known as Commité des Forces Vives. He served as Vice-President of the Forces Vives Committee in 1991 and as Vice-President of the High State Authority under the Transitional Government until 1993. Founder of the Political party Accord (Actions des Chrétiens Cadres et Opérateurs de tous les Régions pour le Développement) and Director and founder of two National weekly newspapers Ala-Voly and Confidences au Sommet. <mask><mask> was an Alma mater of Institut d'études politiques de Paris and graduated from the Public Service Division in 1965. He was awarded the National Order of the Legion of Honour. He served as Minister of Culture, Communications and Recreation of the Republic of Madagascar until his death on April 29, 1996.Descendant of King Ralambo and marriage

<mask> N. Razafindramiandra of Ambohidrabiby descendant of King Ralambo (1575–1612) ruler of Imerina and the Kingdom of Ambohidrabiby and son of the late Dr. <mask> Joseph and the late Razanabelo Germaine  married, in Paris in 1962, Monique Ralantoaritsimba of Ambohimalaza descendant of Princess Rabehavina daughter of the Great Prince Andriamamilazabe and daughter of the late Professor Zoudher Ralantoaritsimba and the late Louise Rasoamananoro. From their union were born two children <mask>tra and Harilanto who were both born same month, same date and same hour despite being born six years apart, a case considered unusual and was often considered as an issue during administrative proceedings. They belong to the cast known as The Andriantompokoindrindra (The Noble of the Noble ones). <mask> N<mask> and Monique Ralantoaritsimba were cousins and were from a very prominent family whose family members were diplomats or into politics. Starting with his father-in-law the late Professor Ralantoaritsimba first surgeon to have performed an open-heart surgery in Madagascar and was awarded the National Order of the Legion of Honour. His wife uncles the late Lieutenant Albert Randriamaromanana took part in the Malagasy uprising of 1947 and was shot by the French on April 28, 1948 at Ankatso, Antananarivo, Madagascar, and the late Guy Willy Razanamasy who worked as a pharmacist and drug manufacturer before entering politics served twice as Mayor of Antananarivo and became Prime Minister and candidate at the Presidential election in 1996. His uncles the late Rakotofiringa Crescent a dentist graduate was the first Malagasy Ambassador appointed in China, he was the Chief of Protocol under President Albert Zafy and was also the President of Madagascar China-Friendship Association, and the late Andrianjafy Désiré Lalao was President Special Delegation (PDS) from 1992 to 1995 and was awarded the French Legion of Honour.They were also surrounded by notable friends, His Excellency Mr. Evariste Marson Leader of Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD and former Minister of Finance and also candidate at the Presidential election in 1992 and in 2001; and among the guest at their Paris wedding was his best friend and fellow students in Paris, His Excellency Mr. Jean Ping who is currently the Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union and former President of the fifty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly. Education and Academic

Honoré N. Razafindramiandra attended l'Ecoles Officielles de Midongy South of Antsahadita and obtained his Certificate of Primary Education (C.E.P.E) at Condorcet private schools, Ambohijatovo Avaratra in 1952. He attended the prestigious Lycée Galliéni of Antananarivo where he got the first part of his high school diploma in 1959. He then went to Montpellier, France and attended Lycée Joffre de Montpellier for the second part of his high school diploma where he graduated, with honors, in philosophy and literature in 1960. He moved to Paris and enrolled at the Faculty of Arts in Sorbonne in General Certificate of Literary Studies and graduated again, with honors, in 1961. After his academic success at Sorbonne, he prevailed handily the entrance examination at Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po-Paris) in 1961 and was enrolled under FAC Scholarship for four years and graduated from the Public Service Division in 1965. At the same time at Sciences Po, he was enrolled at two prestigious Institutes, Institute for the Study of Contemporary International Relations from 1963 to 1964 where he graduated from the Certificate of Diplomatic and Consular Studies and in 1965 under FAC Scholarship Specialty he was enrolled at the Institute of International Studies in at the University of Paris where he graduated in 1967 after presentation of the thesis entitled: 'Madagascar's accession to independence and the development of external relations of the Malagasy Republic" cite as references to students at ENAM (École nationale d'administration Malgache) and Faculty of History at University of Ankatso, Antananarivo, Madagascar.Internships and Seminars

Honoré N. Razafindramiandra was a seminar on the Common Market in Brussels in 1962, in Milan in 1963 and in Naples in 1964. He was a full-time internship at the National Bank of Paris from October 1966 to June 1967 as bank counter cash transaction at Paris Nations, Extensions of credit in Aubervilliers, Foreign Trade in Ivry, Accounting in Melun. He was also a seminar on Management at the Embassy of the United States of America in 1972 in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Political career

Honoré N<mask> was member of the MONIMA (Mouvement National pour l'Indépendance de Madagascar) a left-wing opposition movement led by the late Monja Jaona then he founded his own political party ACCORD (Actions des Chrétiens Cadres et Opérateurs de tous les Régions pour le Développement) under the label of these two political parties, he ran unsuccessfully for the local deputy elections of Avaradrano. He was a genuine activist of the Hery Velona Rasalama and Forces Vives Rasalama from 1990 until his death. In 1991, President Ratsiraka was in power and faced an economy crippled by a general strike that had begun in May. On August 10, 1991 Honoré N. Razafindramiandra, Albert Zafy and more than 400,000 activists of the Vital Forces Committee known as Forces Vives marched peacefully on the President's Palace in order to oust the Ratsiraka government.When the Presidential Guard opened fire on the marchers and killed and wounded hundreds, a crisis of leadership occurred. President Ratsiraka stepped down and Albert Zafy, the central leader of the opposition forces ultimately emerged as the first president of Madagascar's Third Republic and Honoré N<mask> served as Vice-President of the Forces Vives Committee in 1991 and as Vice-President of the High State Authority under the Transitional Government until 1993. During his duty as the Vice President of the High State Authority, while Zafy Albert was the President, he is well known for his integrity and his combate to fight corruption (Radison)

He served as Minister of Culture, Communications and Recreation in the Government of Madagascar from July 1994 to April 1996  During his time in office he issued an order preventing opposition parties from accessing state-owned radio and television. Death
<mask> N<mask> assumed to the end his charges related to his ministerial duties. He was in Tamatave to support the newly award contest ceremony "Mihary". One hour before his death, he presided over another meeting of the local agents of the Ministry of Culture, Communications and Recreation. Despite his renal problem, it had been said during the Council of Ministers that he was poisoned during his sojourn in Tamatave.His body was flown to the capital the very day. The Government, hoard of officials and family members were present at Ivato Airport to escort his body home. <mask> N<mask> body lay in repose in his home for a week; over three thousands mourners all over Madagascar presented their condolences. A post mortem was not carried out as body tissues were to be sent to Paris and would have delayed the burial for at least another week. <mask> N<mask> served as Minister of Culture, Communications and Recreation of the Republic of Madagascar until his death at age 57 on April 29, 1996 in Tamatave and rest in peace on the sacred hill of Ambohidrabiby. His wife Monique Ralantoaritsimba died on February 10, 2006 in Paris and rest in peace on the sacred hill of Ambohimalaza. They are survived by son <mask> and daughter Harilanto and by grandchildren Malala and Kirsten Faniry.Legacy

Honoré N. Razafindramiandra thesis entitled: 'Madagascar's accession to independence and the development of external relations of the Malagasy Republic" cite as references to students at ENAM (École nationale d'administration Malgache) and Faculty of History at University of Ankatso, Antananarivo, Madagascar. His son <mask> Razafindramiandra based in Antananarivo, Madagascar was a former member and advisor to Ministerial Cabinets (MEM, MAE) of the Republic of Madagascar. Founder and currently Managing Director of Institut du Monde Contemporain (I.M.C). His daughter Harilanto <mask> based in New York, U.S.A. took over the management of Ala-Voly which has been renamed AVE! Ala-Voly Entertainment and Confidences au Sommet. She has also worked for numerous Missions to the United Nations. References

1939 births
1996 deaths
Malagasy politicians
People from Vakinankaratra

masks:
Honoré N
. Razafindramiandra
Honoré N
. Razafindramiandra
Honoré
Razafindramiandra
Narise
Honoré
. Razafindramiandra
. Razafindramiandra
. Razafindramiandra
Honoré
. Razafindramiandra
Honoré
. Razafindramiandra
Honoré
. Razafindramiandra
Narisetra
Narisetra
Razafindramiandra


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<mask> (September 29, 1946 – September 16, 2019) was an American downtown New York City poet, active in the music, art, and free jazz scenes. He wrote poetry for most of his life and read frequently at Michael Dorf's club the Knitting Factory, the Poetry Project and the Vision Festival, an Avant-jazz festival held annually on the Lower East Side of New York City. Dalachinsky also read his works in Japan, France and Germany. He collaborated with many musicians, writing liner notes for artists: William Parker, Susie Ibarra, Matthew Shipp, Joe McPhee, Nicola Hein, Dave Liebman, Roy Campbell, Daniel Carter, Joëlle Léandre, Kommissar Hjuler, Thurston Moore, Sabir Mateen, Jim O'Rourke, and Mat Maneri

<mask> authored numerous books including a compendium of poetry written while listening to saxophonist Charles Gayle perform throughout New York City, and a collection of poems which focused on his time as a superintendent at an apartment building in Soho. Along with pianist Matthew Shipp, he co-authored the book Logos and Language: A Post-Jazz Metaphorical Dialogue and collaborated with French photographer Jacques Bisceglia on Reaching Into The Unknown. His spoken word albums include Incomplete Directions and a collaboration with Shipp on the album Phenomena of Interference. <mask>'s works also appeared in several journals and anthologies as well.He received the Franz Kafka Prize, Acker Award, PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award and was nominated for a 2015 Pushcart Prize. He lived in Manhattan with his wife, painter and poet Yuko Otomo. Early life

<mask> was born in 1946, Brooklyn, New York, "right after the last big war and has managed to survive lots of little wars", which is how he is frequently described. He grew up in the Midwood section of the borough that was mostly an Italian and Jewish neighborhood with parents that were working class. <mask> said he was "always writing" at an early age and was also "involved in art". His earliest notebooks of his writings that have survived go back to when he was between the ages of 13 and 15. He was once kicked out of a Hebrew school because he was "wearing a cross", and hung out with the Italian kids in the neighborhood which "framed his perception of being Jewish", according to him.<mask> started taking art lessons at the Pratt Institute where for 18 months he first attempted his hand at painting, eventually turning to writing poetry full-time. It was during this period in his life when he discovered beat poetry and found the poetry scene in Manhattan. He was given copies of Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s A Coney Island of the Mind and Allen Ginsberg’s Howl, which he says changed his style of writing. <mask> was also influenced by the writings of Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Ezra Pound, Delmore Schwartz, Federico Garcia Lorca, and William Blake, especially the work Auguries of Innocence by Blake. Besides writers, he counted obsession, socio-political angst, human disappointment, jazz music and abstract visual art among his influences. <mask> related that writing process was as if "spontaneity mixed with a conscious pushing" and a "descriptive transformation". His works have been portrayed as leaning towards "transforming the image rather than merely describing it".For 19 years, starting in the 1980s, he wrote some of his poems while listening to live jazz music, going to free jazz saxophonist Charles Gayle's performances, creating poems on scraps of paper. In 2006, <mask> published a book of poems devoted entirely to Gayle, with the poems appearing chronologically in the order of the venues where Gayle performed at. The collection was honored in 2007 with a PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award. The book is also unusual because not only is it documenting the music, but also <mask>'s state of mind at the precise moment of capturing a musical phrase. Sometimes when Gayle's performance came with a sermon or lecture, commenting on topics like abortion or racial separatism, <mask> would react with his poems reflecting the mood:

<mask> also released a collection of poems, titled A Superintendent’s Eyes, , which focused on his time as a superintendent at a Spring Street apartment building in Soho. It was published by The Unbearables, whom both him and his wife have a connection with, and describe themselves as a "loose collective of noir humorists, beer mystics, anarchists, neophobes and passionate debunkers". In his 2013 review of the book, Alan Kaufman wrote: "It is the single most important volume of poetry to appear in the last ten years...he is the poet that America has been waiting for to free our national verse from its stratospheric sense of self-importance and return us to a poetry of flesh and heart, song and cement, just as Whitman's Leaves of Grass did in the nineteenth Century".The poems were written over 20 years and described by Kaufman as, "ash can sonatas to lovemaking with wife, eating out in restaurants, illness, cancelled hopes, money worries, cash scores, tenant complaints, landlord humiliations and ruminations on drug addiction". In one poem written while his wife was away in Japan, and he was relocating his writing space, he begins:

In 2018, <mask> released his poetry collection Where Day and Night Become One: The French Poems: 1983-2017, , which assembled more than 30 years of writing journals from this trips to Paris. It was published by the New York-based publishing company Great Weather for Media, and was the Silver Award-Winner in the 31st Annual IBPA Benjamin Franklin Awards in Poetry. In his review of the book in Sensitive Skin, Valery Oisteanu wrote: "The free-wheeling Dalachinsky jumps easily from free verse to concrete poetry, from chaotic typography to whimsical designs, word constructions and deconstructions, puns, sound percussion ('tachada, tachada'), plays on names and words à la Duchamp or 'mailtrate de la langue a la Americane'". The poems were written over 34 years and described by Oisteanu as, "a dream-like literary mindscape peppered with head-spinning references, using an erudite knowledge, ostentatious name-dropping and a post-beatnik morphistic narrative of rare synchronicity. A perfect collage of cut-ups; train-of-thought à la Allen Ginsberg; an awkwardly unsettling geography laced with hidden meaning". Addressing a loved one, <mask> writes:

Readings, collaborations and writings

Dalachinsky read throughout the New York City area including at the: Poetry Project, Vision Festival, ISSUE Project Room and the Knitting Factory.and also read in San Francisco. Abroad, he had read his works in Japan, Germany and England, where he read his Insomnia Poems, a collaboration with composer Pete Wyer for BBC Radio 3. In France, <mask> performed extensively. He read in Bordeaux, Sète and in Paris at Les Instants Chavirés and the L'Olympic Café. He read at the Centre international de poésie in Marseille, Maison de la Poésie de Nantes at Pannonica, participated in the Sons d'Hiver Festival and the Val-de Marne International Poetry Festival. In 2011, he collaborated with French duet art-rockers The Snobs on Massive Liquidity. In 2015, he worked with Alex Lozupone's group, Eighty Pound Pug on a jazz-metal album; and with German visual artist Sig Bang Schmidt on Flying Home In 2017, he collaborated with his wife on two projects, Frozen Heatwave and Black Magic.Dalachinsky penned liner notes for recordings of several musicians: Roscoe Mitchell, Charles Gayle, Anthony Braxton, James Blood Ulmer, Matthew Shipp, Roy Campbell, Assif Tsahar, Derek Bailey and Rashied Ali. Additionally, he collaborated with musicians: William Parker, Susie Ibarra, Matthew Shipp, Roy Campbell, Daniel Carter, Sabir Mateen, Mat Maneri, Federico Ughi, Loren Mazzacane Connors, Rob Brown, Tim Barnes and Jim Rourke. Other books and chapbooks he wrote include: Quicksand, The Invisible Ray with artwork by Shalom Neuman, Lautreamont's Laments, Dream Book, In Glorious Black and White, St. Lucie, Are We Not MEN & Fake Book,  Trial and Error in Paris and Where Night and Day Become One, from his trips to Paris. His spoken word albums include Incomplete Directions, Phenomena of Interference with Matthew Shipp and I thought it was the end of the world then the end of the world happened again with Federico Ughi. In 2015, he released a heavy metal album, Leave The Door Open. Culture Catch stated "<mask>'s self-deprecating Brooklyn humor and existentialist beat musings, more usually accompanied by free jazz, prove highly compatible with this doomier sound keyed on Lozupone's electronically combined bass and guitar. Really, what better to accompany a 9/11 poem that starts, 'I thought it was the end of the world/And then the end of the world happened again'?"Anthologies
His poems are included in the anthologies:

Journals
His works have appeared in the journals:

<mask> died of a stroke on September 16, 2019 at a hospital in Long Island, New York at the age of 72, thirteen days before his 73rd birthday. Books dedicated to jazz

Avant-garde jazz has been a major inspiration for his writing, with five books of his poems dedicated solely to jazz musicians. All of them being written while listening to the music live. The Final Nite: Complete Notes from a Charles Gayle Notebook - written over 20 years of listening to saxophonist Charles Gayle. Logos and Language: A Post-Jazz Metaphorical Dialogue - a collaboration with pianist Matthew Shipp. The Mantis, - a chapbook for pianist Cecil Taylor covering 50 years, the first written when he was 19. Reaching Into The Unknown - collaboration with photographer Jacques Bisceglia written from 1967 through 2011.Long Play E.P. - a small chapbook for saxophonist Evan Parker.

masks:
Steven Donald Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Dalachinsky
Death Dalachinsky


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<mask> is an American screenwriter, film producer, director, actor, internet radio host and motivational speaker. Early life and education
<mask> was born on August 21, 1971, in Long Branch, New Jersey and grew up in Howell Township, New Jersey, where he attended Howell High School with CBS sportscaster Bonnie Bernstein, talk radio personality Scott Allen Miller and fine artist Jay Alders. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Broadcasting at Montclair State University in 1995, and minored in both Music History/Theory and Film. His fellow students at the time included Jay Alders once again, filmmaker Tom Malloy, radio personality Christine Nagy, actress/filmmaker Susie Adriensen and actor Kevin Carolan. At Montclair, <mask> became a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity and The National Broadcasting Society - Alpha Epsilon Rho, and was a disc jockey and Operations Manager at WMSC (FM). During an internship at Batfilm Productions, headed by executive producers Michael Uslan (a family friend) and Benjamin Melniker, <mask> met future Friday's Child frontman Tom Walker. Walker's predecessor at Batfilm, Kimberly Fajen, hired <mask> on his first feature film job just days before his graduation in May, 1995.Early film career
<mask> has worked as a producer, director, screenwriter, production manager, assistant director, production coordinator, editor and script consultant on feature-length and short films, music videos and television programs and commercials. He started his career in film providing craft service on the feature films Caught, No Way Home, and the HBO special Someone Had To Be Benny. <mask> began to work his way up as an assistant director on the films Safe Men, Taxman, Some Fish Can Fly and A Day in Black and White. In 2001, <mask> launched Dragon Rider Productions, LLC with producer Richard Legon. The company was specifically formed for the development of the feature film, Ride With the Dragons, based on <mask>'s personal experiences in high school, focusing mainly on a friend's suicide and his step-brothers subsequent death in a car accident. Dragon Rider Productions branched out to develop and produce a variety of short, feature-length films and commercials, provide screenplay analysis and other production services. In 2002, <mask> became a founding member of Exit 131 Productions, initially a "no-budget" production arm of the New Jersey Salon of the Association of Independent Video and Filmmakers, and which has since evolved into an online networking community for New Jersey filmmakers.<mask> directed the group's first short, A Taste of Better Days, which starred his wife Melanie Canter and was featured in the Freedom Film Festival in Philadelphia in February, 2004, and produced their third project, The Collector's Item. Through Exit 131, <mask> met screenwriter/actor Jesse Kaye (son of screenwriter John Kaye), for whom <mask> produced the short, Cruel to be Kind, in which Canter also co-starred. Digital Cafe Tour
On July 30, 2005, the indie rock group Friday's Child performed a CD release concert at Luna Stage in Montclair, New Jersey. The concert was recorded on audio and video in a joint venture by Dragon Rider Productions and frontman Tom Walker's Honeybee Music, produced by <mask> and Tom Walker, and directed by <mask>. Rich Haddad produced the audio, and the video was edited by Steve Maio. The initial concept for the production was a DVD/CD called Friday's Child: Live at Luna Stage. After a handful of tracks were mixed and edited, they were released as teasers on the internet.The overwhelming response from fans made it clear that the future of the band was to turn to broadband media in order to spread their music and attract new listeners. While more videos were edited, the DVD was never released, and Friday's Child instead released the audio recordings as a studio/live album in 2007 named Democracy. The CD contained the live recordings combined with select re-mixed tracks from their 2004 album In A Word, as well as a video of the song The Chasing Game. An interactive section of the CD also promoted the web sites for Friday's Child, Dragon Rider Productions, a handful of sponsors and friends, as well as a new outlet for Friday's Child... The team that produced the concert video (Walker, <mask>, Haddad and Maio) teamed up with entertainment lawyer Rob McNeely to form Digital Cafe Tour (DCT), a production company that creates live concert video footage of independent musicians of all genres, as well as rising comedians, made specifically for new media (web, handheld media players, cell phones, etc. ), with top-quality audio and video settings. Friday's Child performed at the premiere DCT concert in June 2006, launching a series of concerts running throughout the summer of 2006, which included artists the Audibles, and Secret Gossip among others.DCT continued their live concert series at other venues, such as The Cutting Room, The Baggott Inn and Kenny's Castaways. Film projects
<mask> produced the horror film The Blood Shed, the psychodrama Under the Raven's Wing and the drama The Jonestown Defense. He produced and co-directed the pilot for the television series Erroneous Convictions, created by Bruce Birns and Michael Russell, and starring Tom Bartos, Kim Director and Judge Jerry Sheindlin. He developed the feature film The Miracle Man, based on the life of Morris E. Goodman, which he was inspired to pursue while watching the documentary The Secret

Acting
<mask> has performed in numerous stage productions since 1984, portraying such characters as Kenickie in Grease, Woof in Hair (musical) and Jesus in Jesus Christ Superstar. He has also directed The Mystery of Edwin Drood and When God Comes For Breakfast, You Don't Burn The Toast for the stage, as well as a staged reading of his screenplays Ride With the Dragons and The Miracle Man. <mask> often makes on-screen cameos in the film projects in which he works, including Taxman (film), in which he was a body double for actor Joe Pantoliano, Under the Raven's Wing, Wit's End, The Jonestown Defense and Payin' the Price. <mask>'s first on-screen appearance was in Kevin Smith's film Chasing Amy as a commuter in the train station scene.Internet radio
In September, 2009, <mask> launched the podcast The <mask> Show, which was syndicated on Frank Edward Nora's internet radio channel, The Overnightscape Underground. In March, 2012, <mask> launched a network of his own, the Inspirational Internet Radio Network, on which he hosts two shows, Success Odyssey and Manifesting Mastermind, both of which are also syndicated on The Overnightscape Underground. Personal life
<mask> was married to actress Melanie Canter from 2000 to 2014, with whom he has two children. He is also an ordained Universal Life Church minister and a member of the New Jersey Devil Hunters, an organization that investigates reported sightings of the Jersey Devil. Filmography
 Caught (1996 film) [craft service] (as <mask>)
... aka Atrapados - USA (Spanish title)
 No Way Home (1996) [craft service] (as <mask> Piatkowski)
 Chasing Amy (1997) [Actor ....

masks:
Brian Jude
Brian Jude
Jude
Jude
Jude
Jude
Jude
Jude
Jude
Brian Jude
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<mask> is an Indian thought leader on conflict resolution and global future. He is the President of Strategic Foresight Group and has authored three books on governance and several research reports on managing future challenges. <mask> is known for developing policy concepts for peaceful change and his ideas have been discussed by the European Parliament, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and House of Lords, the Indian Parliament, forums of the United Nations including the United Nations Security Council, World Economic Forum meetings at Davos  and Dead Sea, and other institutions. <mask> is a signatory to the Normandy Manifesto for World Peace, along with 4 Nobel Peace Laureates (Jody Williams, Mohamed El Baradei , Leymah Gbowee, Denis Mukwege)and an eminent philosopher, Anthony Grayling. He is also the author of a bestselling book in Marathi Eka Dishecha Shodh that has sold 23 editions since it was first published in 2009. Education

<mask> spent his childhood in Dombivli, a suburb of Mumbai, India. He obtained the Master of Commerce degree from University of Mumbai.As soon as he graduated from Mumbai University, he published an independent article on reforming global financial system in Financial Express. It generated interest in international academic circles. When he was 20, he was invited to an international seminar on North South Dialogue hosted by Liberal International to present his views. Later on, he was awarded a full scholarship to read Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at St. John's College, Oxford University. While at Oxford, he was invited by several institutions in Europe and North America to deliver talks on global development issues. When he completed his studies, Indira Gandhi, who was then Prime Minister of India, wrote to him, which encouraged him to return home. In December 2011, he was conferred D. Litt.(Doctor of Literature, Honoris Causa) of Symbiosis International University at the hands of President of India. In 2014 he was elected Senior Research Fellow of the Centre for the Resolution of Intractable Conflicts at Harris Manchester College of Oxford. Peace processes

In the 1980s, <mask> contributed essays and features to newspapers such as the Ottawa Citizen, San Jose Mercury News, Hamilton Spectator and Toledo Blade. When the United Nations declared 1985 as the International Year of Peace, he led an Eight Nation Peace Mission from Rome to Ottawa. On his return to India, he joined the Centre for Policy Research to work on economic collaboration as means of conflict resolution in South Asia. In 1991, he founded the International Centre for Peace Initiatives, the first conflict resolution institution in South Asia which assisted with diplomatic efforts between India and Pakistan. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001 and the War on Terror, he facilitated dialogues between Western and Islamic leaders in collaboration with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats in the European Parliament and the League of Arab States.In 2009, he launched dialogue processes to use water to promote collaboration between traditional enemies in the Middle East, Africa and Asia. In the early 2000s, <mask> and Ilmas Futehally led the Strategic Foresight Group to prepare cost of conflict models for India-Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Middle East. In 2015, he created the Water Cooperation Quotient to quantify the quality of cooperation within trans-boundary river basins worldwide. In 2017, a revised version of the Water Cooperation Quotient was launched, covering all 286 shared river basins of the world. It has political support from the InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government. United Nations Security Council

In late 2015 <mask> <mask> proposed to Senegal which had been elected as a non-permanent member of the UNSC to put water on agenda, considering outstanding track record of Senegal in fostering trans-boundary water cooperation in the Senegal and Gambia river basins. The Government of Senegal accepted this suggestion and convened a series of meetings in the UN Security Council on Water, Peace and Security.On 22 November 2016, under Senegal's chairmanship, UNSC convened an open debate in its meeting 7818 on water and peace linkages. The representatives of 69 countries participated in the debate. <mask> <mask> was invited to brief the session, along with Ban Ki-Moon, UN Secretary General; Danilo Turk, Chair of Global High Level Panel on Water and Peace; and Christine Beerli, Vice President of ICRC. In his briefing <mask> <mask> urged the UNSC to declare water as a “strategic asset of humanity” which would make crimes against water equivalent to crime against humanity. He also proposed new diplomatic tools to deal with violence against water infrastructure. Governance

<mask> has been addressing governance issues at global, regional and national levels since 1990. During the period when the world was in transition, from the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 to the end of the First Gulf War in 1991, he sought perspectives from 40 world leaders across all continents to prepare a blueprint of the architecture of global governance in the post Cold War era.His book, The New World Order, was one of the first international efforts to define global governance after the fall of the former Soviet Union. In the second half of the 1990s, he wrote two books on India and the neighbouring countries - South Asian Drama: Travails of Misgovernance, and Dharma Rajya: Path-breaking Reforms for India's Governance. In 2002, he developed a new categorisation of the Indian economy based on consumption patterns rather than income levels. In 2005, he was associated with the initiative of Paul Martin, then Canada's Prime Minister, to create a G-20 framework for global governance. It was labelled as L-20 and fructified only at the end of 2008 in response to international financial crisis. Global Future

In December 2005, <mask> was invited to deliver the Nelson Mandela Benefit Speech in Dubai, when he presented the concept of An Inclusive World as a framework for collaborative and harmonious global future based on co-existence of all cultures. In an article in India's The Economic Times in August 2007 and in the Strategic Foresight Group report on Emerging Issues: 2011-2020 in January 2008, <mask> warned about the possibility of the collapse of the global financial system.The Emerging Issues report identifies 20 drivers of change that will impact the next decade. In his speeches at conferences of the Aspen Institute Italy and the Bertelsmann Foundation organised to reflect on global economic crisis in 2009, he presented ideas for a framework for economically inclusive and environmentally sustainable future of the world. In 2011, he co-authored a book of essays Big Questions of Our Time  with Ilmas Futehally. The book raises important questions that will face humanity from 2010-2060 over a wide spectrum of issues from philosophy to politics and science to security. Partial bibliography

The New World Order, 1991, Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd
South Asian Drama: Travails of Misgovernance, 1996, Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd
Dharma Rajya: Path-breaking Reforms for India's Governance, 1998, Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd
The Final Settlement : Restructuring India-Pakistan Relations, 2005, International Centre for Peace Initiatives
An Inclusive World: In which the West, Islam and the Rest have a stake, 2007, Strategic Foresight Group
Cost of Conflict in the Middle East , co-authored with Ilmas Futehally, 2009, Strategic Foresight Group
 Eka dishecha Shodh  (एका दिशेचा शोध)
Big Questions of Our Time  co-author with Ilmas Futehally, 2011, Strategic Foresight Group,
Big Questions of Our Time: The World Speaks  co-author with Ilmas Futehally, 2016, Strategic Foresight Group

References

Living people
Businesspeople from Mumbai
Year of birth missing (living people)

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Sundeep Waslekar
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<mask> (; 31 October 1885 – 19 May 1939) was a Marxist active in the Polish and German social democratic movements before World War I and an international Communist leader in the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution. Early life

<mask> was born in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary (now Lviv in Ukraine), as Karol Sobelsohn, to a Jewish Litvak family; his father, Bernhard, worked in the post office and died whilst <mask> was young. He took the name <mask> from a favourite character, <mask>, in Syzyfowe prace ('The Labors of Sisyphus', 1897) by Stefan Żeromski. <mask> joined the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) in 1904 and participated in the 1905 Revolution in Warsaw, where he had responsibility for the party's newspaper Czerwony Sztandar. Germany and "the Radek Affair"
In 1907, after his arrest in Poland and his escape from custody, <mask> moved to Leipzig in Germany and joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), working on the Party's Leipziger Volkszeitung. He re-located to Bremen, where he worked for Bremer Bürgerzeitung, in 1911, and was one of several who attacked <mask>'s analysis of imperialism in Die Neue Zeit in May 1912. In September 1910, <mask> was accused by members of the Polish Socialist Party of stealing books, clothes and money from party comrades, as part of an anti-semitic campaign against the SDKPiL.On this occasion, he was vigorously defended by the SDKPiL leaders, Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches. The following year, however, the SDKPiL changed its course, partly because of a personality clash between Jogiches and Vladimir Lenin, during which younger members of the party, led by Yakov Hanecki, and including <mask>, had sided with Lenin. Wanting to make an example of <mask>, Jogiches revived the charges of theft, and convened a party commission in December 1911 to investigate. He dissolved the commission in July 1912, after it had failed to come to any conclusion, and in August pushed a decision through the party court expelling <mask>. In their written finding, they broke his alias, making it — he claimed — dangerous for him to stay in Russian occupied Poland. In 1912 August Thalheimer invited <mask> to go to Göppingen (near Stuttgart) to temporarily replace him in control of the local SPD party newspaper Freie Volkszeitung, which had financial difficulties. <mask> accused the local party leadership in Württemberg of assisting revisionists to strangle the newspaper due to the paper's hostility to them.The 1913 SPD Congress noted <mask>'s expulsion and then went on to decide in principle that no-one who had been expelled from a sister-party could join another party within the Second International and retrospectively applied this rule to <mask>. Within the SPD Anton Pannekoek and <mask>necht opposed this move, as did others in the International such as Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin, some of whom participated in the "Paris Commission" set up by the International. World War I and the Russian Revolution

After the outbreak of World War I <mask> moved to Switzerland where he worked as a liaison between Lenin and the Bremen Left, with whom he had close links from his time in Germany, introducing him to Paul Levi at this time. He took part in the Zimmerwald Conference in 1915, siding with the left. During World War I, <mask> engaged in polemics with Vladimir Lenin over the subject of the Irish Easter Rising of 1916; while Lenin was strongly enthusiastic about the Rising, seeing it as a blow to English imperialism, <mask> disagreed. Basing his view on Theodore Rothstein (a Jewish emigre from the Russian Empire, living in London), he claimed that, what he called the "Sinn Féin movement" was petit-bourgeois and that the backbone of earlier rebellions in Ireland, the peasant farmer, had been placated at the start of the century by England. In his article The End of a Song, <mask> claimed efforts to restore the Irish language to official status were flawed because it was "medieval".Leon Trotsky held a view halfway between <mask> and Lenin. In 1917 <mask> was one of the passengers on the sealed train that carried Lenin and other Russian revolutionaries through Germany after the February Revolution in Russia. However, he was refused entry to Russia and went on to Stockholm, where he produced German-language versions of Bolshevik documents and other information translated from Russian, which he published in the journals Russische Korrespondenz-Pravda and Bote der Russischen Revolution. After the October Revolution and the onset of the Russian Civil War, <mask> arrived in Petrograd and became Vice-Commissar for Foreign Affairs, taking part in the Brest-Litovsk treaty negotiations, as well as being responsible for distribution of Bolshevik propaganda amongst German troops and prisoners of war. During the discussions around signing the treaty, <mask> was one of the advocates of a revolutionary war. Comintern and the German Revolution

After being refused recognition as an official representative of the Bolshevik regime, <mask> and other delegates — Adolph Joffe, Nikolai Bukharin, Christian Rakovsky and Ignatov — traveled to the German Congress of Soviets. After they were turned back at the border, <mask> alone crossed the German border illegally in December 1918, arriving in Berlin on 19 or 20 December, where he participated in discussions and conferences leading to foundation of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).<mask> was arrested after the Spartacist uprising on 12 February 1919 and held in Moabit Prison until his release in January 1920. While he was in Moabit, attitude of the German authorities towards the Bolsheviks changed. The idea of creating an alliance of nations that had suffered from the Versailles treaty — principally Germany, Russia and Turkey — gained currency in Berlin, as a result of which <mask> was allowed to receive a stream of visitors in his prison cell, including Walter Rathenau, Arthur Holitscher, Enver Pasha, and Ruth Fischer. On his return to Russia <mask> became the Secretary of the Comintern, taking the main responsibility for German issues. He was removed from this position after he supported the KPD in opposing inviting representatives of the Communist Workers' Party of Germany to attend the 2nd Congress of the Comintern, pitting him against the Comintern's executive and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was <mask> who took up the slogan of Stuttgart communists of fighting for a united front with other working-class organisations, that later formed the basis for the strategy developed by the Comintern. In mid-1923, <mask> made his controversial speech 'Leo Schlageter: The Wanderer into the Void' at an open session of the Executive Committee of the Communist International (ECCI).In the speech he praised the actions of the German Freikorps officer Leo Schlageter who had been shot whilst engaging in sabotage against French troops occupying the Ruhr area; in doing so <mask> sought to explain the reasons why men like Schlageter were drawn towards the far right, and attempted to channel national grievances away from chauvinism and towards support of the working movement and the Communists. Although <mask> was not at Chemnitz when the decision to cancel the uprising in November 1923 took place at the KPD Zentrale, he subsequently approved the decision and defended it. At subsequent congresses of the Russian Communist Party and meetings of the ECCI, <mask> and Brandler were made the scapegoats for the defeat of the revolution by Zinoviev, with <mask> being removed from the ECCI at the Fifth Congress of the Comintern. Into the Left Opposition

<mask> was part of the Left Opposition from 1923, writing his article 'Leon Trotsky: Organizer of Victory' shortly after Lenin's stroke in January of that year. Later in the year at the Thirteenth Party Congress <mask> was removed from the Central Committee. In the summer of 1925, <mask> was appointed Provost of the newly established Sun Yat-Sen University in Moscow, where he collected information for the opposition from students about the situation in China and cautiously began to challenge the official Comintern policy. However, the terminal illness of <mask>'s lover, Larisa Reisner, saw <mask> lose his inhibitions and he began publicly criticising Stalin, in particular debating Stalin's doctrine of Socialism in One Country at the Communist Academy.<mask> was sacked from his post at Sun Yat-Sen University in May 1927. <mask> was expelled from the Party in 1927 after helping to organise an independent demonstration on the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution with Grigory Zinoviev in Leningrad.In early 1928, when prominent oppositionists were deported to various remote locations within the Soviet Union, <mask> was sent to Tobolsk and a few months later moved on to Tomsk. After the Opposition and Show Trials

On 10 July 1929, <mask>, alongside other oppositionists Ivar Smilga and Yevgeni Preobrazhensky, signed a document capitulating to Stalin, with <mask> being held in particular disdain by oppositionist circles for his betrayal of Yakov Blumkin, who had been carrying a secret letter from Trotsky, in exile in Turkey, to <mask>. However, he was re-admitted in 1930 and was one of the few former oppositionists to retain a prominent place within the party, heading the International Information Bureau of the Russian Communist Party Central Committee as well as giving the address on foreign literature at the First Conference of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1934. In that speech, he denounced  Marcel Proust and James Joyce. He said that "in the pages of Proust, the old world, like a mangy dog no longer capable of any action whatever, lies basking in the sun and endlessly licks its sores" and compared Joyce's Ulysses to "a heap of dung, crawling with worms, photographed by a cinema apparatus through a microscope." Later in his life he adopted a position that the soviet government should be close to Germany.In 1934 he was interviewed by a German politician, at which both of them deplored the hostile drift of their respective governments, and <mask> made a controversial remark: "There are some fine lads in the SA and SS." In 1936 he congratulated General Ernst Köstring on the day Germany occupied the Rhineland, along with Mikhail Tukhachevsky. He helped to write the 1936 Soviet Constitution but, during the Great Purge of the 1930s, he was accused of treason and confessed, after two and a half months of interrogation, at the Trial of the Seventeen in 1937, the so-called Second Moscow Trial. He was sentenced to 10 years of penal labor. He was reportedly killed in a labor camp in a fight with a fellow Left Opposition inmate named Varezhnikov. According In to investigation of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of after the Khrushchev Thaw, his murder was organized under the Supervision of the senior NKVD operative Pyotr Kubatkin. <mask> has been credited with originating a number of political jokes about Joseph Stalin.He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1988, under Mikhail Gorbachev. Selected works

Available in English
 "The Unity of the Working Class" (1909)
 "Marxism and the Problems of War" (1914)
 "The End of a Song" (1916)
 "The Development of Socialism from Science to Action" (1918)
 "<mask>necht – At the Martyr’s Graveside" (1919)
 "Anti-Parliamentarism" (1920)

 "The Labour Movement, Shop Committees and the Third International" (1920)
 "The Polish Question and the International" (1920)
 "England and the East" (1920)
 "Bertrand Russell’s Sentimental Journey" (1921)
 "Is the Russian Revolution a Bourgeois Revolution?" (1921)
 "The Downfall of Levi" (1921)
 "On the Trade Unions", Second Congress of the Communist International, response to the discussion (1921)
 "Outlines of World Politics" (1921)

 "Foundation of the Two and a Half International" (1922)
 "Eve of Fusion of the Second and Two-and-a-Half International (1922)
 "From the Hague to Essen" (1922)
 "The Greek Revolution" (1922)
 "The Winding-Up of the Versailles Treaty", report to the IV.

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