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<mask> (1698 – 20 January 1733) was a Swedish memoirist who became famous for her story about her time in captivity as a slave in Russia after being taken prisoner by the Russians during the Great Northern War. She was sold as a slave several times before she eventually recovered her freedom, and her story became perhaps the most famous of the many stories of Carolinian fates of this period. Kidnapped
<mask> was born in the city of Narva in Swedish Estonia, one of five daughters to the noble Swedish major <mask>urghausen and Margareta <mask>. Her father had been taking part in the defence of the city when it was taken by the Russians after the Battle of Narva (1704). During the chaotic pillage of the city, Lovisa was separated from her family and taken captive by a Russian soldier. It was a common practice for individual Russian soldiers and militaries to take civilians captive, whom they sold as slaves, and many of the citizens of Narva, both Swedes and Estonians, were to be sold at the slave markets in Russia and the Ottoman Empire, and among the others taken captive this way during the war the future Empress Catherine I of Russia and, possibly, Yefrosinya Fedorov. Lovisa's parents and sisters were taken captive as prisoners of war and deported to Siberia.On the way to the Russian camp, another soldier demanded to have her, and when the first one claimed that he intended to give her as a present to his captain, the second one wounded her in the chest with his sabre. She fainted and woke up in a tent, where she cried for her mother until her throat was so swollen up she lost her voice and lost consciousness. The first master
She was taken to Moscow and given as present to the Russian general Prince Anikita Repnin. He sent her to a nunnery for her to be converted to the Russian Orthodox faith, but unable to understand Russian, she was beaten as a pagan unwilling to convert. After three months, she was released from the convent by the intervention of the Prince's mother, the dowager princess, who showed her "all the tenderness of a mother." However, the prince's wife, Princess Prascovia Narischkyn, suspected her to be spying on the Prince's private affairs and often abused her. On one occasion, Narischkyn had Lovisa hung upside down in the garden, which would have killed her had the old dowager princess not intervened once again.She was to accompany the princely family to Ukraine in 1709 and witness the Swedish army and prisoners march in under Russian captivity in the triumph of the czar Peter the Great in Moscow. In 1710, she was married to the chamberlain of the Prince, a sixteen-year-old Swedish son of an ensign, Johan, himself a captive and fostered in the Orthodox faith. Lovisa had a daughter who died six weeks later. In 1713, Johan died from being shot in the leg during battle. The same year, Prince Dimitrie Cantemir, hospodar of Moldavia, a Russian ally at the time, visited Moscow with his family. During a visit to the Repnins, his wife, Kassandra Cantacuzene, gave Princess Prascovia a diamond as a gift; she noticed Lovisa among the court of the princess, and Princess Prascovia then gave Lovisa to Princess Cantemir as thanks for the diamond. Second master
Princess Cantemir died the same year, and Lovisa was poisoned by the wife of the baker of the Cantemir court, who wanted Lovisa's place for her daughter, and only with good medical help was she saved.When an Armenian Captain asked the Prince to give Lovisa to him as a wife, she escaped and, on the advice of a fellow Swedish woman employed at the court, sought refuge at the home of an English merchant in the German Quarter of Moscow. The English merchant sent her to Archangelsk to be educated in the Protestant religion and to learn German. After seven weeks, she was reported by a German tailor, arrested by the Russian police and taken back to prince Cantemir. She was chained to her hands and feet and nails were hammered through her shoes to make it difficult for her to walk, which made her feet and legs swollen. She was put to wash clothes in a stone-kitchen so cold that her arms were covered with ice. She would have frozen to death if it were not for the daughters of the prince, Maria Cantemir and Smaragda; they bribed the guard to fold her chains in cloth, to prevent it from giving any sound, and take her up to their bedchamber at night. Third master
In 1714, prince Cantemir traveled to Saint Petersburg and left his household under the supervision of a captain Iwanof and his wife.The wife of Iwanof took Lovisa, together with two other female slaves, one from Finland and one from Narva, to the Russian slave market in Moscow and sold them all. The Finnish woman was sold to an Armenian, the woman from Narva to a Russian clerk, and Lovisa to a Turkish merchant. She was sold for a bit of damask, a fan and a smaller sum of money. She was put among the merchandise in the sleigh of the merchant, mostly consisted of carpets, threatened with beating if she screamed, and was taken towards Tobolsk in Siberia. During the journey, a Russian clerk saw Lovisa crying in an inn, and asked her what had happened. She told him her story, and he reported it to the voivod of Solikamsk. In Solikamsk, the voivod questioned the Turk, but let them go when the Turk told him that the person in his sleigh was an old Russian woman.They then left Solikamsk without knowing, that this was the city where the parents of Lovisa lived as prisoners of war. At the home of the Turk in Tobolsk, Lovisa was put to hard labour and badly beaten every time she made a mistake of sheer exhaustion. Tobolsk was, however, the city in Siberia containing the largest colony of Swedish prisoners of war, who were allowed to live there quite freely. Lovisa took contact with a Swedish woman, who advised her to contact the Swedish lieutenant Magnus Vilhelm Sprengtporten; Sprengtporten had been taken prisoner at Narva the same time as Lovisa, escaped, been taken prisoner at the Battle of Poltava, lead a rebellion at Kazan and been imprisoned for seventeen months. Lovisa was later to say about him that he was her "greatest saviour next to God". Runaway slave
One day, she left the house of the Turk to buy silk at the market, accompanied by a guard. The guard was distracted by a game of sports, and Lovisa mixed with the crowd and made contact with Sprengtporten, who took her to his friend Mattias Johan Reutercrona, where she remained hidden for eleven weeks.The Turk issued a reward of §100 and the police put a guard round the house, but Sprengporten helped her pass the guards by giving her a pack of clothes and saying that she was his maid on her way to the tailor's. She was taken to the house of Christoffer Laudau, which were searched after a tip from a servant who wanted the reward, during which she had to hide three days in water under a tub in the basement. She was then hidden in a number of houses. Once in the house of her mother's relative, <mask> Patkull, who lived in a house belonging to the vice governor; during a visit from the vice governor, Patkull put her in bed claiming her to be her sick niece. Reutercrona and Sprengtporten were arrested, suspected of aiding her to escape, and she was arranged to be taken from the city to Japantskin on her way to her parents in Solikamsk by a Russian farmer; the son of the farmer, Stefan, was kept as security, and Lovisa was dressed as a boy and left with the farmer by sleigh. In a village, the villagers suspected her to be the disguised son of a noble, and planned to kill her in her sleep. A maid warned her and Lovisa jumped out of the cottage to the farmer, who was feeding the horse, and up to the sleigh, and they quickly fled from the village.During the night, they rested on the side of the road, and soon after, they heard noise and then saw the villagers hunting after them with dogs. Luckily, it was snowing, and their traces were concealed. In Japantskin, Lovisa was taken care of by the Swedish priest Anders Bergner; the Swedish noblewoman <mask> Knorring, who was visiting her daughters in Klinov, obtained a pass for Lovisa as her niece, and they then traveled together to Solikamsk, where Lovisa was directed to her parents in the Swedish colony by the Swedish army priest Christoffer <mask> Heide on Christmas morning 1718. Later life
Lovisa was now alone with her parents after all of her sisters had been married to officers. Her parents arranged for her to be instructed in Lutheranism by the priest of the Swedish colony, Lars Sandmark. In 1720, her parents forced her to marry the thirty years older priest, which she did "with childlike obedience." When the Swedish prisoners were released after the war in 1721, she followed her husband to Sweden, where he was appointed vicar in Njurunda in Medelpad.Contemporary accounts say that she made the home bright with her kindness towards others. In 1729, she became a widow, and in 1731, she married her husband's successor, Petrus Sundberg, in accordance with the cultural practice of widow conservation. She died childless in 1733 after the bad health she had after her time as a slave. Legacy
The story of <mask> <mask> was written down by "an honest man of the priest cloth" after her words and was read at her funeral. It is now kept at Biografica in Riksarkivet (the national archives) in Sweden. In 2021 the Metal-Band Carolus released the album " To the Fallen Sons" with the song Lovisa dedicated to her,. Context
Many Swedish, Finnish and Baltic people, especially women and children, had been sold as slaves in Russia and Turkey during the Great Northern War after having been taken captive by Russian soldiers, particularly after the fall of Narva in 1704.Many were then sold in the slave market in Istanbul; from June 1710, the Swedish ambassador Thomas Funck regularly visited the slave auctions in Istanbul to buy Swedish citizens, and Sven Agrell noted that they, among others, had bought a "carpenter's daughter" from Narva for §82, a "Captain's wife" for §240, Catharina Pereswetoff-Morath, eighteen years old, for §275 and a whole family, Anders Jonsson and his wife and children, though the funds were not always enough to buy all. The people bought free were probably taken to the camp of the king Charles XII of Sweden in Moldavia and returned to Sweden with him. In the peace treaty of 1721, the Russian czar allowed all prisoners in Russia to return home, except those who had converted to the Russian religion, as this was considered to make them Russian citizens; but as the Swedish slaves had been forced to convert to the orthodox faith by their masters, they were kept in Russia. If it could be proven that they had been forced to convert, they would sometimes be let free, but forced to stay as free Russian citizens instead; the forced conversions could generally not be proven. The story of Lovisa von <mask> is the perhaps best known of the many women being taken as slaves during this war. See also
 Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
 Annika Svahn
 Afrosinya
 List of slaves

Footnotes

References
 Åberg, Alf,  Karolinska kvinnoöden ['Fates of Carolinian Women'], Natur och kultur, Stockholm, 1999
 Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723.['Misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia in 1700-1723'] Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. 1698 births
1733 deaths
People from Narva
Baltic-German people
Swedish memoirists
18th-century Swedish women writers
18th-century Swedish writers
Swedish people of the Great Northern War
Swedish prisoners of war
Women in 18th-century warfare
18th-century Swedish people
Russian serfs
18th-century Estonian people
Prisoners of war held by Russia
Women in war in Sweden
Women memoirists
People who wrote slave narratives
18th-century slaves

masks:
Lovisa von Burghausen
Lovisa
Gustaf von B
von Brundert
Lovisa
Anna von
von der
Lovisa
von Burghausen
Burghausen


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<mask> (born 4 August 1964) is an Australian politician, social worker, academic, and social campaigner who served as a Senator for Queensland from 1997 to 2008 and from 2017 to 2018. He represented the Australian Democrats in his first stint in the Senate, including as party leader from 2002 to 2004 and deputy leader from 2004 to 2008. In November 2017, he returned to the Senate as a member of the Australian Greens, replacing Larissa Waters after her disqualification during the parliamentary eligibility crisis. He resigned from the Senate in August 2018 in an unsuccessful attempt to win the House of Representatives seat of Brisbane, allowing Waters to fill his seat in advance of the 2019 election. Early life and background
<mask> was born in Brisbane, where he has lived all his life. He is of Irish, Swiss, English and Greek origins – his great-great-grandfather, who is claimed to be the first Greek settler in Australia, arrived in Adelaide in 1840. He was educated at the University of Queensland in the 1980s, where he graduated in arts and social work.Before entering politics, <mask> was a social worker with the Department of Social Security, and worked with alternative radio station, 4ZZZ FM, in roles including announcer and finance coordinator. He played in a number of local rock bands around this time, as a drummer and keyboard player. The bands were I Am Vertical, The Cutters and Too Green For Summer (who years later had a song appear on the Rock Against Howard CD). Political career

Entry into politics

In 1990, <mask> joined the staff of Queensland senator Cheryl Kernot. Three years later, he joined the staff of Democrats senator John Woodley as an adviser and researcher. He was the Democrats' Queensland campaign director for the 1993 and 1996 elections and federal campaign director in 1998. <mask> was appointed in 1997 to the Senate casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Kernot, and was elected for a six-year term at the 2001 federal election.A campaigner for refugees and asylum seekers, <mask> was at one time the only Australian parliamentarian to have visited every refugee detention centre in Australia, as well as those on Christmas Island and Nauru (detention centres off the Australian mainland, see Australia's Pacific Solution) where he went four times to meet with detainees. <mask> initiated the Senate Inquiry into Australia's refugee determination system which produced the "Sanctuary Under Review" report in 2000, and has participated in numerous other committee inquiries into immigration matters. <mask> has spoken many times on behalf of those living in poverty, as well as the physically and mentally disabled. He also takes a close interest in the environment and animal welfare. In 2003 he introduced a private member's bill to overhaul the animal welfare system in Australia. His petition to end the live sheep export trade received well over 100,000 signatures. <mask> was an opponent of Australia's involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.He introduced a private member's bill designed to ensure no Prime Minister of Australia could again send the country to war without the consent of both houses of parliament. When the bill was debated in the Senate, speakers from both major parties indicated their opposition to it, although there was no formal vote taken. <mask> has also campaigned for gay rights. In 2004, he cried in the Senate chamber over a proposed law to define marriage as between a man and a woman, which he called an "absolute disgrace". <mask> co-sponsored the Cluster Munitions (Prohibition) Bill 2006, which was introduced into the Senate on 5 December 2006. If enacted, it would prevent Australia from using, manufacturing or possessing cluster munitions. Leader of the Australian Democrats

After the resignation of then party Senate leader Natasha Stott Despoja on 21 August 2002, <mask> was elected to the Democrats Party leadership in October, supplanting the temporary leader Brian Greig.To a degree, <mask> stabilised the Democrats' troubled party room and spoke strongly against the Government's maltreatment of refugees and maladministration of the Department of Immigration. He also oversaw the Democrat senators' use of their potential balance of power role to influence increased funding for Medicare, protection of the welfare payments of sole parents, the unemployed and the disabled, and entitlement of some homosexual couples to superannuation entitlements equivalent to those enjoyed by heterosexual couples. In December 2003, <mask> resigned his Senate leadership. Accused by Liberal Senator Jeannie Ferris of physical and verbally abusing her when she confronted him upon leaving the Senate chamber after a vote, <mask> gave her an unreserved apology. He admitted to abusing and manhandling the Senator. <mask>, who had been drinking at a Liberal Party function held just outside the chamber, was accused of stealing five bottles of wine from the function. Some time after Ferris had retrieved the wine, <mask> approached Ferris, and was alleged to have gripped her arm and verbally abused her, both inside the chamber and along the way to an outside courtyard.Parliamentary video of part of the incident appeared to show that <mask> was drunk in the chamber. <mask>'s subsequent formal apology was accompanied by a bottle of wine, which Ferris described as "quite inappropriate ... as an apology for drunken behaviour involving abuse and a physical attack." By contrast, Liberal Senator Brett Mason, who witnessed the incident, said "Perhaps a little more was made of the incident than should have been made. I think it was overplayed by the media, and by everyone." Labor Senator Claire Moore was reported in The Bulletin magazine as saying <mask> had been "unfairly demonized." <mask> resumed the party's parliamentary leadership in January 2004, giving an assurance that he would totally abstain from alcohol. However, the party's support levels remained at the same low level to which they had fallen at the time of Stott Despoja's resignation.He was unable to increase the party's support leading up to the 2004 election in which the Democrats were defending three Senate seats. All three seats were lost—one going to the Greens and two to Liberals. The party polled what was at the time the lowest vote since their inception in 1977. Departure from the Democrats and Greens candidacy
Following the 2004 election, <mask> did not re-contest the leadership, instead taking on the deputy leadership under Lyn Allison. <mask> was defeated at the 2007 election, polling only 1.88% of the primary vote in Queensland. The Democrat vote was even lower in other states, and the party lost all its remaining Senate seats. He left the Senate at the expiration of his term in June 2008.In November 2009, Greens leader Bob Brown announced that <mask> would contest the lower house seat of Brisbane at the 2010 federal election as a candidate for the Australian Greens. <mask> came third in the seat in the 2010 election, gaining 21.3% of the vote with a swing to the Greens of just over 10%. In May 2012, <mask> ran for the Lord Mayoralty of Brisbane for the Greens, receiving 10.7% of the primary vote, a 2.3% increase on the previous election. In 2015, years after the Democrats' parliamentary oblivion, the party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission. Speaking as a former Democrats leader, <mask> reflected that the party's support of the Howard Government's introduction of the GST was "politically catastrophic", but the "last straw" for the party was the demise of Stott Despoja as leader in 2002:

<mask> was again endorsed by the Greens as a Senate candidate for Queensland at the 2016 federal election. While he did not meet the quota for election, his colleague Senator Larissa Waters resigned her position on 18 July 2017 after discovering she held dual Australian and Canadian citizenship. She was ruled ineligible on 27 October 2017.As the second person on the 2016 Australian Greens Senate ticket, he replaced her after a recount. After his election was announced on 10 November, <mask> was sworn in as a Senator for Queensland on 12 November 2017. Despite stirrings of a pre-selection showdown between himself and Waters for the next Senate election, <mask> announced on 9 February 2018 that he would not seek to remain in the Senate, opting to seek pre-selection for the Queensland seat of Brisbane in the House of Representatives instead. On 16 June 2018, <mask> announced that he would resign from the Senate at the end of August, to be replaced by Waters. The resignation was formally submitted to the Senate President Scott Ryan on 27 August 2018. As announced, <mask> contested the Division of Brisbane in the House of Representatives at the 2019 federal election receiving 22% of first preferences. Despite not winning the seat, he brought the Greens vote to its highest ever percentage in the Brisbane electorate, falling short of entering the two-party preferred vote behind Labor in second place, at 24.49%.<mask> contested the Electoral district of Clayfield in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland at the 2020 Queensland state election and received 17.61% of the vote. Personal life
<mask> is active on animal rights and human rights issues. After departing parliament, <mask> took up a position as a part-time Research Fellow with the Migration Law Program at the Australian National University. <mask> has since returned to being an announcer at 4ZZZ, and was also Chair of the Board of Directors of 4ZZZ from 2014 until 2017. He occasionally writes pieces for websites such as Crikey, New Matilda, The Drum and Online Opinion. During Mental Health Week 2013, <mask> wrote an article for the Courier-Mail about his being hospitalised for depression in 2012. He has one daughter, Lillith.References

External links
<mask>'s personal blog
<mask> blog published by Crikey
A View From Australia, a blog by <mask> published by Asian Correspondent
Hansard – <mask> response to Marriage Act Amendment
"Mauled by a wild MP", 6 December 2003, Herald Sun (mirrored)
<mask> interview – The new Senate, the Democrats and blogging, 9 August 2005, Vibewire.net

1964 births
Living people
Australian Democrats members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian Greens members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian Greens candidates
Australian people of English descent
Australian people of Greek descent
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian people of Swiss descent
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate for Queensland
Politicians from Brisbane
Australian bloggers
Australian social workers
University of Queensland alumni
Articles containing video clips
Leaders of the Australian Democrats
21st-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian politicians

masks:
Andrew John Julian Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Andrew Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Andrew Bartlett
Andrew Bartlett


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<mask> (born 13 December 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Southampton. <mask> began his career as a youth player for Crystal Palace before joining Southampton's academy. He captained Southampton's under-18 side and turned professional in July 2006, making his senior debut in 2008. <mask> had three loan spells at Grimsby Town in 2009/10 and, following his release by Southampton, joined Walsall in July 2010. He made 58 appearances for Walsall, but was released in the summer of 2012 and subsequently went to Aldershot Town. In July 2013, <mask> made a permanent transfer to then-League Two side Rochdale. He went on to play a season for Shrewsbury Town, followed by two for Swindon Town, before joining Crewe Alexandra in May 2019.He rejoined Southampton in July 2021 as a supporting player for the B team programme. Early life
Lancashire was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire, on 13 December 1988. He attended Hook Junior School and Robert May's School in Odiham. Lancashire began his career with Southampton, where he signed a two-year contract. Lancashire was linked with moves to the Premiership with Manchester City and Liverpool. Club career

Southampton
Lancashire made his first-team debut against Queens Park Rangers on 14 September 2008, but was sent off after 29 minutes, for a rash tackle on Damien Delaney. After a two match ban, Lancashire made his return and helped the club keep two clean sheets in a row, in wins against Doncaster Rovers and Norwich City.But several weeks later, on 21 October 2008, Lancashire, once again, received a red card after a second bookable offence, in a 0–0 draw against Sheffield United. While at Southampton, he never became a first team regular, looking out of his depth. Upon joining Walsall, Lancashire explained his discipline issue. On 15 May 2010, Lancashire was named in a list of 13 players to be released from Southampton before the start of the 2010–11 season. Grimsby Town (loan spells)
In October 2009, Lancashire signed on a one-month loan for Grimsby Town. In his second game for Town, against Accrington Stanley, on 30 October 2009, Lancashire received his third career red card, in only 15 league matches, after he was adjudged to have handled the ball in the penalty area. In his next appearance for Grimsby, he scored an own goal whilst playing against Leeds United in the Football League Trophy quarter final away at Elland Road on 10 November 2009.Lancashire returned for a second spell on loan at Grimsby on 23 December 2009, only to be recalled on 31 December due to an injury crisis at his parent club. On transfer deadline day 1 February 2010, Lancashire joined Grimsby for a third time, until the end of the season. He scored his first professional goal in a 2–0 win over Darlington on 24 April 2010. However, towards the end of the season, Grimsby Town were relegated from the Football League for the first time in nearly 100 years. After the relegation, he said his difficult spell at the club had made him a better player. Walsall
On 14 July 2010, Lancashire joined Walsall, where manager Chris Hutchings said "He has shown plenty of promise and we have had some good reports on him. He will add competition to the central defensive positions."Lancashire made his debut for the club, on the opening game of the season, coming on as a late substitute, in a 2–1 loss against Milton Keynes Dons. He made 29 appearances during the season. The club avoided relegation, but Lancashire was one of many players criticised by Hutchings for poor displays during the season. He later described the relegation survival as "it's definitely the biggest day of my [his] career". In the 2011–12 season, Lancashire made 20 appearances as the club again avoided relegation. In mid-December, he suffered an hamstring injury, recovering after a month out, and making his return on 15 February 2012, in a 2–1 defeat against Oldham Athletic. On 3 March 2012, Lancashire scored his first Walsall goal, an injury time equaliser, as Walsall drew 1–1 against Leyton Orient.On 9 May 2012, it was announced that Lancashire had been released by Walsall. Aldershot Town
On 14 June 2012, Lancashire signed with League Two side Aldershot Town on a two-year deal, following his release from Walsall. His time with Aldershot was hampered by injury; he made 15 appearances (12 league and three cup games). After one season with Aldershot Town, resulting in the club's relegation, Lancashire was among 13 players made redundant, after the club went into administration. Rochdale
On 14 June 2013, Lancashire signed a one-year contract with Rochdale. He was given number six shirt and made his debut in the opening game of the season, in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United. Lancashire quickly established himself as part of the team's first choice centre back pairing, along with on-loan Jack O'Connell.Due to the absence of first team captain Peter Cavanagh as a result of injury and suspension, he was handed the captain's armband. After his debut, he appeared in 18 consecutive games until he was sent-off in a 4–0 loss against Scunthorpe United on 28 November 2013; this  resulted a one-match ban. Lancashire was sent-off for the second time that season on 11 March 2014, in a 2–1 loss against League Two strugglers Torquay United. Having led Rochdale towards promotion to League One, Lancashire wrote to the club's supporters about the promotion. On 27 June 2014, Lancashire signed a one-year extension with Rochdale. At the start of the 2014–15 season, on 5 August 2014, Lancashire  was named Rochdale captain after the departure of Peter Cavanagh. He started in the opening game of the season, in a 1–0 defeat against Peterborough United, but sustained a groin injury that was expected to keep him out for four to six weeks.Unexpectedly, Lancashire managed to recover from the injury and returned to training, but remained on the bench until coming on as substitute for Jamie Allen in the 33rd minute of a 3–2 win over Leyton Orient on 27 September 2014. Following his return, Lancashire retained his first team place, captaining the side in a FA Cup first round 0–0 draw against Northampton Town. In the replay, Lancashire scored in the last minute to send Rochdale through to the next round. Throughout the 2014–15 season, Lancashire continued to be injury-plagued making 28 appearance in all competitions. Shrewsbury Town
On 20 May 2016, Lancashire signed a two-year deal at Shrewsbury Town after rejecting a new deal at Rochdale. He scored his first goal for Shrewsbury in a 3–2 loss at former club Walsall on 15 October 2016. Swindon Town
On 28 June 2017, Lancashire joined League Two side Swindon Town on a two-year deal after terminating his contract with Shrewsbury.He scored his first goal for Swindon in a 3–2 EFL Cup defeat at Norwich City on 8 August 2017. He was released by Swindon at the end of the 2018–19 season. Crewe Alexandra
On 30 May 2019, he signed for Crewe Alexandra on a two-year contract. He scored his first Crewe goal on 19 January 2021 in a 3-2 win over Bristol Rovers. On 13 May 2021, Crewe announced that Lancashire was being released by the club. Return to Southampton
On 31 August 2021, Lancashire re-signed for Southampton in a support player role that will see him play and train with the clubs B team and under 23 side in order to help progress the players mentally and set a standard of good behaviour. Career statistics

References

External links

Profile on Southampton F.C.website

1988 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Basingstoke
English footballers
Association football defenders
Southampton F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C.players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
English Football League players
Footballers from Hampshire

masks:
Oliver James Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire


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General <mask>  (20 January 1721, Ballencrieff, East Lothian, Scotland – 18 June 1794, Battle, East Sussex) was a British army officer, whose lengthy career included service as colonial administrator and governor of the Province of Quebec and later as Governor of Minorca from 1778 to 1782. His term in Quebec was notably successful, and marked with excellent relationships with the conquered Canadiens, who were reassured of their traditional rights and customs. Early life
<mask> was a younger son of <mask>, 4th Lord Elibank, and his wife Elizabeth (Betty) Stirling. His cousin with two children was <mask> who served in Nova Scotia. Educated in Haddington and Selkirk, he began his military career in 1736 in the 3rd Scots Regiment in Dutch service. In 1740 he served as a second lieutenant in Wynyard's Marines, under his brother <mask>, 5th Lord Elibank, in the unsuccessful attack on Cartagena. He returned as a captain in 1742.He served as Captain of the grenadier company of the 15th Regiment of Foot during the War of the Austrian Succession, being severely wounded during the Siege of Ostend in 1745, and distinguishing himself in the Raid on Lorient in 1746. In December 1748, he married Cordelia Collier, of Hastings. Canada

<mask> purchased his majority in the 15th Regiment of Foot in 1749, and the lieutenant-colonelcy in 1751. He commanded his regiment in the Raid on Rochefort, 1757, defending Sir John Mordaunt in his subsequent court-martial. He commanded a battalion in the 1758 Siege of Louisbourg along with his brother Alexander. When Louisbourg was taken, <mask> accompanied General Wolfe on a raiding expedition northwards in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758). While Wolfe destroyed French settlements along the Gaspe Peninsula, <mask> harried the French fishing settlements along Miramichi Bay.Part of the destruction included the homes and church at St. Anne's, now called Burnt Church. <mask> served under General <mask> at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759. <mask> believed Wolfe's plan to land the army at Anse au Foulon was foolish and absurd, and succeeded "only by Providence". He was the military commander of Quebec City after it fell to the British. Lévis managed to defeat <mask> and the British in the Battle of Sainte-Foy in 1760. As a result, the French managed to lay siege to Quebec but this had to abandoned due to a lack of supplies and the arrival of a British relief fleet. He encouraged his favourite nephew Patrick Ferguson to follow him in a military career.Patrick was the son of <mask>'s sister Anne who was married to Lord Pitfour. He also assisted another nephew, <mask>, illegitimate son of his brother, George. <mask>'s successful part in the British advance on Montreal in which he pacified many of the French Canadians, showed his true worth as a military commander and a negotiator. On 5 September 1760, <mask> signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Huron Nation, then residing at Lorette, near Quebec City. In 1990, that treaty was found by the Supreme Court of Canada to still be valid and binding on the Crown. Governor of Quebec
In October 1760, he became military governor of the district of Quebec and became the first civil governor of the Province of Quebec on 4 October 1763. He was promoted Major-General on 26 March 1765.As governor he was sympathetic to the French-Canadians, favouring them over British merchants who came to settle in the wake of the conquest. He allowed the continuance of French civil law because at the time the French outnumbered the British 25:1 and he needed to be careful not to incite discontent or rebellion. The dissatisfaction of British settlers led to his recall in 1766 (although he remained governor in name until 1768), but his precedents were preserved in the Quebec Act of 1774. <mask> successfully argued for the Quebec Act to continue slavery in Quebec as it had existed under the French; an advertisement appeared in the Quebec Gazette in 1769 for a "negro woman, aged 25 years, with a mulatto male child... formerly the property of General <mask>". On his return to Great Britain he was appointed Colonel of the 13th Regiment of Foot, a post he held from 1767 to 1789. Minorca

<mask> was lieutenant-governor from 1774 to 1778 and then governor of Minorca from 1778 to 1782. In 1780, he married, as his second wife, Ann Witham, daughter of the Consul-General there.During the American War of Independence, he defended Fort St. Philip, at Port Mahon, against a Franco-Spanish siege for seven months (1781–82), until forced to surrender. He was known as ‘Old Minorca’ <mask> as a result. He then returned to his home, Beauport Park, in Hollington, Sussex, where he died. Further honours came to him in his last years: he was appointed General, and Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull in 1783, and Colonel of the 21st (Royal North British) Fusiliers in 1789. His body was laid to rest in the apse of the now ruined Old St Helen's Church, Hastings. Family
His first marriage had been childless, but by his second, he had six children (two of whom died in infancy):
 <mask> <mask>, later a major general, who married Elizabeth Rushworth
 Cordelia <mask>, who married Rev. Henry Hodges
 Wilhelmina <mask>, married <mask>, 4th Baron Douglas.<mask> (died in infancy)
 Elizabeth Mary <mask> (died in infancy)
 Anne Harriet <mask>

He and his wife also brought up his older brother Patrick, Lord Elibank's illegitimate daughter <mask>. Popular culture
<mask> appears in the 2004 film Battle of the Brave (Nouvelle-France) in his role as Governor of the new-captured Quebec. He is portrayed by Michael Maloney. He also appears in the same capacity in three episodes of the mini-series Marguerite Volant, where he is portrayed by Graham Harley. See also
 Great Britain in the Seven Years War
 List of Governors General of Canada
 List of Governors of Minorca

Notes

References

 Browne, G. P.  "MURRAY, JAMES," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 4, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed 17 November 2015, online

 <mask>, Colonel Hon. Arthur C., The Five Sons of "Bare Betty", London, 1936.Scott, S. Morley. "Civil and Military Authority in Canada, 1764–17661." Canadian Historical Review 9#2 (1928): 117–136. Wrong, George. Canada and the American Revolution: the Disruption of the First British Empire. Toronto : MacMillan, 1935. Primary sources
 <mask>.Journal of the Siege of Quebec, 1760
 <mask>. Report of the Government of Quebec in Canada, 5 June 1762
 William Draper. The Sentence of the Court-martial... for the Trial of the Hon. Lieut. Gen. <mask>, Late Governor of Minorca, on the Twenty-nine Articles Exhibited Against Him by Sir William Draper, London, 1783

External links
 National Battlefields Commission. The Plains of Abraham, Quebec, Canada. From the Warpath to the Plains of Abraham.Virtual Exhibition. 1721 births
1794 deaths
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
People from East Lothian
Fellows of the Royal Society
Governors of the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)
East Yorkshire Regiment officers
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
Royal Scots Fusiliers officers
Scottish slave owners
Somerset Light Infantry officers
Younger sons of barons
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)

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James Murray
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<mask> (born 30 July 1990) is a Northern Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or centre-back for League One side Sunderland. A Northern Ireland under-21 and senior international, he came through the Manchester United youth academy, like his older brother, Leicester City centre-back <mask>. <mask> is capable of operating in defence or the centre of midfield. He has been used mainly as a midfielder for Blackburn Rovers. Club career

Early career
Born in Belfast, <mask> began his career with Greenisland Boys FC, where fellow Manchester United youth players Craig Cathcart and Conor Devlin also played before moving to England. However, when <mask>' brother, Jonny, was signed by Manchester United, the whole family moved to Manchester. Manchester United
<mask> then joined the Manchester United youth team, and originally played as a schoolboy until he signed a trainee contract with the club on his 16th birthday in July 2006.By then, he had already become a regular in the club's Under-18 side, and he even made his debut for the reserve team on 31 October 2005, coming on as a substitute for Sam Hewson in a 5–1 away defeat by Oldham Athletic. He made 19 appearances and scored one goal for the Under 18s in 2006–07, but his next reserve team appearance did not come until November 2007, when he came on as a second-half substitute for David Gray in a 2–1 away win over Middlesbrough. After five more appearances for the reserves in 2007–08, <mask> established himself as a regular in the reserve team in 2008–09, and was even given the captain's armband at one point. However, despite having been deployed as a central midfielder throughout his earlier career, <mask> found himself increasingly used as a centre-back during the 2008–09 season. Towards the end of the season, along with James Chester and Tom Cleverley, <mask> was nominated by reserve team manager Ole Gunnar Solskjær for the Denzil Haroun Reserve Player of the Year award, but lost out to Chester. <mask> received his first call-up to the Manchester United first team on 24 May 2009, when he was named on the bench for the club's last game of the 2008–09 Premier League season against Hull City. In July 2010, <mask> was part of the United squad that toured North America.Although he was an unused substitute in the first match against Celtic, he came on as a substitute in the second half of the second game against Philadelphia Union, joining his brother Jonny on the pitch. On 22 October 2010, he joined Carlisle United on a one-month loan deal. Hull City
On 14 January 2011, he joined Hull City on loan. Making his debut on 22 January 2011, as a replacement for Cameron Stewart, and scoring in the 1–1 away draw against Reading. The move was made permanent following the close of the 2010–11 season. He made his first appearance since joining City on a permanent deal starting against Ipswich Town on 13 August 2011 at Portman Road, with City winning 1–0. On 10 December 2011 against Coventry City at the Ricoh Arena, a neat move down the left resulted in Dawson sending over a high cross which dropped for <mask> <mask>, who controlled the ball before sending a low volley past Murphy and into the bottom corner of the net.On 29 December 2012, <mask> scored the first goal in the Tigers' 2–0 victory over Leeds, placing the ball into the bottom corner past Leeds goalkeeper Paddy Kenny. Blackburn Rovers
After 97 appearances for Hull, <mask> left to join Blackburn Rovers in August 2013. Despite a groin injury delaying his debut for the club, <mask> passed a medical and signed a three-year contract. On 31 August 2013, <mask> scored his first goal for the club with a superb volley from 25 yards. In November 2015, he signed a contract extension which would keep him in the club till 2019. He was injured in December 2016 in a match against Brighton and Hove Albion in December 2016 due to a recurring groin problem. As a result, he was substituted off in the second half.In March 2017, it was announced that he would be ruled out of action for the rest of the season as he would undergo a surgery for his groin problem. <mask>' departure from Rovers was announced at the end of the 2020–21 season. Sunderland
On 15 July 2021, <mask> joined League One side Sunderland on a free transfer, signing a two-year deal with an option of an additional year. He scored his first goal for the club on 5 February 2022 in a 2-1 loss to Doncaster Rovers. International career
<mask> began his international football career as a schoolboy international, playing for the Northern Ireland under-16 side; he scored one goal in three appearances for the team. In 2007, he progressed to the under-17 side, playing in five fixtures in the space of two months. However, the team went winless in those five matches, losing three and drawing the other two.By the end of 2007, <mask> had joined the under-19 team, but they were just as the under-17s, losing four and winning just one of the six matches that <mask> played in between October 2007 and October 2008. He made his debut for the under-21 side on 19 August 2008, but he was substituted after 72 minutes of the 1–0 defeat to Poland. He has since made four more appearances for the under-21s. Although the U21s failed to qualify for the Euro 2009, he was recalled for several Euro 2011 qualifiers. <mask> received his first call-up to the Northern Ireland senior team on 20 May 2009; he was named in a 19-man squad that contained nine other uncapped players for the match against Italy in Pisa on 6 June 2009. He made his debut in that very game, playing 78 minutes of the 3–0 defeat before being replaced by Shane Ferguson. On 3 September 2010, <mask> scored his first international goal as he scored the winner with his first touch after coming on as a substitute in a 1–0 away win over Slovenia in the first UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying game.<mask> was included in the Northern Ireland squad for the 2016 UEFA Euro which took place in France. He was an unused substitute in its first match which saw Northern Ireland lose to Poland by a margin of 1–0. He played the whole of the country's last group stage match against Wales which produced a similar result due to which Northern Ireland was eliminated from the tournament. During the first leg of a two-game playoff against Switzerland in the qualifying tournament for the 2018 World Cup in Russia, <mask> was penalised for handball after a shot from close proximity from Xherdan Shaqiri went off his side, leading to a penalty kick that would be converted for what would ultimately prove the deciding score, both on the day and on aggregate. His brother Jonny compared the decision to Thierry Henry's handball against the Republic of Ireland in the 2010 qualification playoff. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first. Honours
Blackburn Rovers
EFL League One runner-up: 2017–18

References

External links

 at irishfa.com
Northern Ireland progile at NIFG
 at redStat

1990 births
Living people
Association footballers from Belfast
Association footballers from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland youth international footballers
Northern Ireland under-21 international footballers
Northern Ireland B international footballers
Northern Ireland international footballers
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Manchester United F.C.players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
English Football League players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
People educated at Monkstown Community School

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<mask>  (born 3 September 1963) is an English-born Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published seven books: The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (2000); Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (2005); Outliers: The Story of Success (2008); What the Dog Saw: And Other Adventures (2009), a collection of his journalism; David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants (2013); Talking To Strangers: What We Should Know about the People We Don't Know (2019) and The Bomber Mafia: A Dream, a Temptation, and the Longest Night of the Second World War (2021). His first five books were on The New York Times Best Seller list. He is also the host of the podcast Revisionist History and co-founder of the podcast company Pushkin Industries. <mask>'s writings often deal with the unexpected implications of research in the social sciences, like sociology and psychology, and make frequent and extended use of academic work. <mask> was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2011.Early life
<mask> was born in Fareham, Hampshire, England. His mother is Joyce (née Nation) <mask>, a Jamaican psychotherapist. His father, <mask>, was a mathematics professor from Kent, England. Throughout his childhood, <mask> lived in rural Ontario Mennonite country, where he attended a Mennonite church. Research done by historian Henry Louis Gates Jr. revealed that one of <mask>'s maternal ancestors was a Jamaican free woman of colour (mixed black and white) who was a slaveowner. His great-great-great-grandmother was of Igbo ethnicity from Nigeria, West Africa. In the epilogue of his book Outliers he describes many lucky circumstances that came to his family over the course of several generations, contributing to his path towards success.<mask> has said that his mother is his role model as a writer. When he was six his family moved from Southampton to the Mennonite community of Elmira, Ontario, Canada. <mask>'s father noted <mask> was an unusually single-minded and ambitious boy. When <mask> was 11, his father, who was a professor of mathematics and engineering at the University of Waterloo, allowed him to wander around the offices at his university, which stoked the boy's interest in reading and libraries. The University of Waterloo granted <mask> an honorary doctorate in 2007. In the spring of 1982, <mask> interned with the National Journalism Center in Washington, D.C. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in History from the Trinity College of University of Toronto, in 1984.Career
<mask>'s grades were not high enough for graduate school, so he decided to pursue advertising as a career. After being rejected by every advertising agency he applied to, he accepted a journalism position at conservative magazine The American Spectator and moved to Indiana. He subsequently wrote for Insight on the News, a conservative magazine owned by Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. In 1987, <mask> began covering business and science for The Washington Post, where he worked until 1996. In a personal elucidation of the 10,000-hour rule he popularized in Outliers, <mask> notes, "I was a basket case at the beginning, and I felt like an expert at the end. It took 10 years—exactly that long." When <mask> started at The New Yorker in 1996 he wanted to "mine current academic research for insights, theories, direction, or inspiration".His first assignment was to write a piece about fashion. Instead of writing about high-class fashion, <mask> opted to write a piece about a man who manufactured T-shirts, saying: "[I]t was much more interesting to write a piece about someone who made a T-shirt for $8 than it was to write about a dress that costs $100,000. I mean, you or I could make a dress for $100,000, but to make a T-shirt for $8—that's much tougher." <mask> gained popularity with two New Yorker articles, both written in 1996: "The Tipping Point" and "The Coolhunt". These two pieces would become the basis for <mask>'s first book, The Tipping Point, for which he received a $1 million advance. He continues to write for The New Yorker. <mask> also served as a contributing editor for Grantland, a sports journalism website founded by former ESPN columnist Bill Simmons.In a July 2002 article in The New Yorker, <mask> introduced the concept of the "talent myth" that companies and organizations, in his view, incorrectly follow. This work examines different managerial and administrative techniques that companies, both winners and losers, have used. He states that the misconception seems to be that management and executives are all too ready to classify employees without ample performance records and thus make hasty decisions. Many companies believe in disproportionately rewarding "stars" over other employees with bonuses and promotions. However, with the quick rise of inexperienced workers with little in-depth performance review, promotions are often incorrectly made, putting employees into positions they should not have and keeping other, more experienced employees from rising. He also points out that under this system, narcissistic personality types are more likely to climb the ladder, since they are more likely to take more credit for achievements and take less blame for failure. He states both that narcissists make the worst managers and that the system of rewarding "stars" eventually worsens a company's position.<mask> states that the most successful long-term companies are those who reward experience above all else and require greater time for promotions. Works
With the release of The Bomber Mafia: A Dream, a Temptation, and the Longest Night of the Second World War in April 2021, <mask> has had seven books published. When asked for the process behind his writing, he said: "I have two parallel things I'm interested in. One is, I'm interested in collecting interesting stories, and the other is I'm interested in collecting interesting research. What I'm looking for is cases where they overlap". The Tipping Point

The initial inspiration for his first book, The Tipping Point, which was published in 2000, came from the sudden drop of crime in New York City. He wanted the book to have a broader appeal than just crime, however, and sought to explain similar phenomena through the lens of epidemiology.While <mask> was a reporter for The Washington Post, he covered the AIDS epidemic. He began to take note of "how strange epidemics were", saying epidemiologists have a "strikingly different way of looking at the world". The term "tipping point" comes from the moment in an epidemic when the virus reaches critical mass and begins to spread at a much higher rate. <mask>'s theories of crime were heavily influenced by the "broken windows theory" of policing, and <mask> is credited for packaging and popularizing the theory in a way that was implementable in New York City. <mask>'s theoretical implementation bears a striking resemblance to the "stop-and-frisk" policies of the NYPD. However, in the decade and a half since its publication, The Tipping Point and Gladwell have both come under fire for the tenuous link between "broken windows" and New York City's drop in violent crime. During a 2013 interview with BBC journalist Jon Ronson for The Culture Show, <mask> admitted that he was "too in love with the broken-windows notion".He went on to say that he was "so enamored by the metaphorical simplicity of that idea that I overstated its importance". Blink

After The Tipping Point, <mask> published Blink in 2005. The book explains how the human unconscious interprets events or cues as well as how past experiences can lead people to make informed decisions very rapidly. <mask> uses examples like the Getty kouros and psychologist John Gottman's research on the likelihood of divorce in married couples. <mask>'s hair was the inspiration for Blink. He stated that once he allowed his hair to get longer, he started to get speeding tickets all the time, an oddity considering that he had never gotten one before and that he started getting pulled out of airport security lines for special attention. In a particular incident, he was apprehended by three police officers while walking in downtown Manhattan because his curly hair matched the profile of a rapist, despite the fact the suspect looked nothing like him otherwise.<mask>'s The Tipping Point (2000) and Blink (2005) were international bestsellers. The Tipping Point sold more than two million copies in the United States. Blink sold equally well. As of November 2008, the two books had sold a combined 4.5 million copies. Outliers

<mask>'s third book, Outliers, published in 2008, examines how a person's environment, in conjunction with personal drive and motivation, affects his or her possibility and opportunity for success. <mask>'s original question revolved around lawyers: "We take it for granted that there's this guy in New York who's the corporate lawyer, right? I just was curious: Why is it all the same guy?", referring to the fact that "a surprising number of the most powerful and successful corporate lawyers in New York City have almost the exact same biography". In another example given in the book, <mask> noticed that people ascribe Bill Gates's success to being "really smart" or "really ambitious". He noted that he knew a lot of people who are really smart and really ambitious, but not worth $60 billion. "It struck me that our understanding of success was really crude—and there was an opportunity to dig down and come up with a better set of explanations." What the Dog Saw

<mask>'s fourth book, What the Dog Saw: And Other Adventures, was published in 2009. What the Dog Saw bundles together <mask>'s favourites of his articles from The New Yorker since he joined the magazine as a staff writer in 1996. The stories share a common theme, namely that <mask> tries to show us the world through the eyes of others, even if that other happens to be a dog.David and Goliath

<mask>'s fifth book, David and Goliath, was released in October 2013, and examines the struggle of underdogs versus favourites. The book is partially inspired by an article <mask> wrote for

masks:
Malcolm Timothy Gladwell
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Graham Gladwell
Malcolm
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 The New Yorker in 2009 entitled "How David Beats Goliath". The book was a bestseller but received mixed reviews. Talking to Strangers

<mask>'s sixth book, Talking to Strangers, was released September 2019. The book examines interactions with strangers, covers examples that include the deceptions of Bernie Madoff, the trial of Amanda Knox, the suicide of Sylvia Plath, the Jerry Sandusky pedophilia case at Penn State, and the death of Sandra Bland. <mask> explained what inspired him to write the book as being "struck by how many high profile cases in the news were about the same thing—strangers misunderstanding each other." It challenges the assumptions we are programmed to make when encountering strangers, and the potentially dangerous consequences of misreading people we do not know.The Bomber Mafia

Gladwell's seventh book, The Bomber Mafia: A Dream, a Temptation, and the Longest Night of the Second World War, was released in April 2021. The book weaves together the stories of a Dutch genius and his homemade computer, a band of brothers in central Alabama, a British psychopath, and pyromaniacal chemists at Harvard to examine one of the greatest moral challenges in modern American history. Reception
The Tipping Point was named as one of the best books of the decade by Amazon.com customers, The A.V. Club, The Guardian, and The Times. It was also Barnes & Noble's fifth-best-selling non-fiction book of the decade. Blink was named to Fast Company list of the best business books of 2005. It was also number 5 on Amazon customers' favourite books of 2005, named to The Christian Science Monitor best non-fiction books of 2005, and in the top 50 of Amazon customers' favourite books of the decade.Outliers was a number 1 New York Times bestseller for 11 straight weeks and was Time's number 10 non-fiction book of 2008 as well as named to the San Francisco Chronicle list of the 50 best non-fiction books of 2008. Fortune described The Tipping Point as "a fascinating book that makes you see the world in a different way". The Daily Telegraph called it "a wonderfully offbeat study of that little-understood phenomenon, the social epidemic". Reviewing Blink, The Baltimore Sun dubbed <mask> "the most original American journalist since the young Tom Wolfe." Farhad Manjoo at Salon described the book as "a real pleasure. As in the best of <mask>'s work, Blink brims with surprising insights about our world and ourselves." The Economist called Outliers "a compelling read with an important message".David Leonhardt wrote in The New York Times Book Review: "In the vast world of nonfiction writing, <mask> is as close to a singular talent as exists today" and Outliers "leaves you mulling over its inventive theories for days afterward". Ian Sample wrote in The Guardian: "Brought together, the pieces form a dazzling record of <mask>'s art. There is depth to his research and clarity in his arguments, but it is the breadth of subjects he applies himself to that is truly impressive." <mask>'s critics have described him as prone to oversimplification. The New Republic called the final chapter of Outliers, "impervious to all forms of critical thinking" and said <mask> believes "a perfect anecdote proves a fatuous rule". <mask> has also been criticized for his emphasis on anecdotal evidence over research to support his conclusions. Maureen Tkacik and Steven Pinker have challenged the integrity of <mask>'s approach.Even while praising <mask>'s writing style and content, Pinker summed up <mask> as "a minor genius who unwittingly demonstrates the hazards of statistical reasoning", while accusing him of "cherry-picked anecdotes, post-hoc sophistry and false dichotomies" in his book Outliers. Referencing a <mask> reporting mistake in which <mask> refers to "eigenvalue" as "Igon Value", Pinker criticizes his lack of expertise: "I will call this the Igon Value Problem: when a writer's education on a topic consists in interviewing an expert, he is apt to offer generalizations that are banal, obtuse or flat wrong." A writer in The Independent accused <mask> of posing "obvious" insights. The Register has accused <mask> of making arguments by weak analogy and commented <mask> has an "aversion for fact", adding: "<mask> has made a career out of handing simple, vacuous truths to people and dressing them up with flowery language and an impressionistic take on the scientific method." In that regard, The New Republic has called him "America's Best-Paid Fairy-Tale Writer". His approach was satirized by the online site "The Malcolm Gladwell Book Generator". In 2005, Gladwell commanded a $45,000 speaking fee.In 2008, he was making "about 30 speeches a year—most for tens of thousands of dollars, some for free", according to a profile in New York magazine. In 2011, he gave three talks to groups of small businessmen as part of a three-city speaking tour put on by Bank of America. The program was titled "Bank of America Small Business Speaker Series: A Conversation with <mask>". Paul Starobin, writing in the Columbia Journalism Review, said the engagement's "entire point seemed to be to forge a public link between a tarnished brand (the bank), and a winning one (a journalist often described in profiles as the epitome of cool)". An article by Melissa Bell of The Washington Post posed the question: "<mask>: Bank of America's new spokesman?" Mother Jones editor Clara Jeffery said <mask>'s job for Bank of America had "terrible ethical optics". However, <mask> says he was unaware that Bank of America was "bragging about his speaking engagements" until the Atlantic Wire emailed him.<mask> explained:

In 2012, CBS's 60 Minutes attributed the trend of American parents "redshirting" their five-year-olds (postponing entrance into kindergarten to give them an advantage) to a section in Gladwell's Outliers. Sociology professor Shayne Lee referenced Outliers in a CNN editorial commemorating Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday. Lee discussed the strategic timing of King's ascent from a "Gladwellian perspective". <mask> gives credit to Richard Nisbett and Lee Ross for inventing the Gladwellian genre. <mask> has provided blurbs for "scores of book covers", leading The New York Times to ask, "Is it possible that Mr. <mask> has been spreading the love a bit too thinly?" <mask>, who said he did not know how many blurbs he had written, acknowledged, "The more blurbs you give, the lower the value of the blurb. It's the tragedy of the commons."Podcast
<mask> is host of the podcast Revisionist History, initially produced through Panoply Media and now through Gladwell's own podcast company. It began in 2016, and has aired five 10-episode seasons. Each episode begins with an inquiry about a person, event, or idea, and proceeds to question the received wisdom about the subject. <mask> was recruited to create a podcast by Jacob Weisberg, editor-in-chief of The Slate Group, which also includes the podcast network Panoply Media. In September 2018, <mask> announced he was co-founding a podcast company, later named Pushkin Industries, with Weisberg. About this decision, <mask> told the Los Angeles Times: "There is a certain kind of whimsy and emotionality that can only be captured on audio." He also has a music podcast with Bruce Headlam and Rick Rubin, titled Broken Record where they interview musicians.It has two seasons, 2018–2019 and 2020 with a total of 49 episodes. Personal life
<mask> is a Christian. His family attended Above Bar Church in Southampton, UK, and later Gale Presbyterian in Elmira when they moved to Canada. His parents and siblings are part of the Mennonite community in Southwestern Ontario. <mask> wandered away from his Christian roots when he moved to New York, only to rediscover his faith during the writing of David and Goliath and his encounter with Wilma Derksen regarding the death of her child. <mask> was a national class runner and an Ontario High School (Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations – OFSAA) champion. He was among Canada's fastest teenagers at 1500 metres, running 4:14 at the age of 13 and 4:05 when aged 14.In college, <mask> ran 1500 metres in 3:55. In 2014, at the age of 51, he ran a 4:54 at the Fifth Avenue Mile. At 57 he ran a 5:15 mile. Awards and honours
 2005 – Time named <mask> one of its 100 most influential people
 2007 – American Sociological Association's first Award for Excellence in the Reporting of Social Issues
 2007 – honorary degree from University of Waterloo
 2011 – honorary degree from University of Toronto
2011 – Order of Canada, the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada

Bibliography

Books

Essays and reporting

  Includes review of

Podcasts

Book reviews

Filmography
 The Missionary (2013, TV movie)

Other appearances
<mask> was a featured storyteller for the Moth podcast. He told a story about a well-intentioned wedding toast for a young man and his friends that went wrong. <mask> was featured in General Motors "EVerybody in." campaign.<mask> is the only guest to have been featured as a headliner at every OZY Fest festival—an annual music and ideas festival produced by OZY Media—other than OZY co-founder and CEO Carlos Watson. <mask> has also appeared on several television shows for OZY Media, including the Carlos Watson Show (YouTube) and Third Rail With OZY (PBS). <mask> has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss's book Tools of Titans. References

External links

Revisionist History podcast

 Articles and Essays by <mask>

1963 births
20th-century Canadian non-fiction writers
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Black Canadian writers
English emigrants to Canada
English people of Jamaican descent
Business speakers
Canadian people of Jamaican descent
Canadian screenwriters
Members of the Order of Canada
Canadian social sciences writers
The American Spectator people
The New Yorker people
The New Yorker staff writers
The Washington Post people
Trinity College (Canada) alumni
University of Toronto alumni
People from Fareham
Living people
Canadian Christians
Canadian Mennonites
Mennonite writers
Canadian men podcasters
Canadian male non-fiction

masks:
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Malcolm Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
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Malcolm Gladwell
Malcolm Gladwell
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<mask> (born 29 November 1982) is an English actress. Born and raised in London, <mask> attended the Newstead Wood School for Girls and studied law at Worcester College, Oxford before choosing to pursue a career in acting instead, enrolling at the Drama Centre London. <mask> was subsequently cast in various supporting roles on television, including Doctor Who, Sherlock, Secret Diary of a Call Girl, Fresh Meat, Bedlam and True Love. She also appeared in independent films Exam (2009), Submarine (2010) and Belles Familles (2015). <mask> performed in the British premiere of Yellow Face at The Park Theatre and Our Ajax at the Southwark Playhouse. <mask> had minor roles in Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016) and Transformers: The Last Knight (2017). She starred as a servile anthropomorph in sci-fi series Humans (2015–2018) to critical praise.<mask> gained widespread recognition for portraying Astrid Leong-Teo in Jon M. Chu's romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians (2018), which became a critical and commercial hit. <mask> along with the ensemble was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture. <mask> played Bess of Hardwick in the historical drama Mary Queen of Scots (2018) and voiced the antagonist Namaari in Disney's animated film Raya and the Last Dragon (2021). In Marvel Studios' Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), <mask> portrayed Minn-Erva in Captain Marvel (2019) before headlining Eternals (2021) as Sersi. Early life
<mask> was born at Guy's Hospital in London, England. Her father was an engineer who grew up in Hong Kong and her mother was a pharmacist and raised in Greenock, Scotland, after her parents emigrated from Hong Kong. Raised in Locksbottom in the London Borough of Bromley, <mask> attended Newstead Wood School for Girls in Orpington, London and went on to study jurisprudence at Worcester College, Oxford.Following graduation, <mask> gained a training contract offer as a graduate at the law firm Slaughter and May, but turned it down to study at the Drama Centre London and pursue an acting career. Spotted at her showcase by British film producer Damian Jones, she signed to talent agent Nicki van Gelder. Career

Early roles (2006–2013)

<mask> made her professional debut in Horror Channel's 2006 miniseries When Evil Calls. She was a competitor on the first series of the reality series Project Catwalk. <mask> made her stage debut in the British premiere of Bertolt Brecht's last play, Turandot, at the Hampstead Theatre, London, in 2008. <mask> appeared in the autumn 2009 special of the BBC's Doctor Who, titled "The Waters of Mars", playing geologist Mia Bennett. The episode later won a Hugo Award.In the same year, <mask> starred in Exam (2009) which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival to mixed reviews. The following year, <mask> appeared in Channel 4's The IT Crowd and BBC's Sherlock. <mask>'s next releases, Pimp, (2010) and Shanghai (2010), were panned by critics, while Submarine premiered at the 35th Toronto International Film Festival to positive reviews. <mask> was cast as a series regular in the final series of Secret Diary of a Call Girl, as the rival of Billie Piper's character. The series aired on ITV2 in 2011. Later that year, she appeared in Channel 4's Fresh Meat. A supporter of human rights, she made a film for Amnesty International to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.In 2012, <mask> was a regular in series two of Sky Living's supernatural drama Bedlam where she portrayed Kiera, an "impulsive" and "free spirited" woman. She also appeared in True Love, a five-part semi-improvised television series produced by Working Title for BBC One. <mask> met her co-stars on set, and had free rein to "flesh out" her character during the written scenarios. In June 2013, <mask> performed in the British premiere of Yellow Face by American playwright David Henry Hwang at The Park Theatre, London, and returned for its 2014 revival at the Royal National Theatre. While promoting the play, <mask> spoke about her struggles to get cast in non Chinese-related productions and period dramas due to her race. In November 2013, <mask> performed in the world premiere of Our Ajax by Timberlake Wertenbaker at the Southwark Playhouse, London. Wertenbaker chose her to play the war goddess Athena after she saw her performance in Yellow Face.Michael Billington of The Guardian described her performance as "beautifully svelte omniscience". Later that year, she starred in BBC One crime drama Shetland, playing young archaeologist Hattie James. <mask> guest-starred in the BBC's Death in Paradise. She was a cast member of Channel 4 romantic drama Dates. On 6 August 2013, <mask> appeared as a guest on the "Cultural Exchange" feature of the BBC Radio 4 series Front Row, where she nominated the film The Princess Bride as a film she loves. <mask> appeared in The Double (2013), which premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival to critical success. Breakthrough (2014–present)
<mask> appeared in the action-thriller  Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), which met mixed reception and financial success.She portrayed the protagonist's girlfriend, Chen-Lin, in French comedy-drama Belles Familles (2015), which was released at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. <mask> also portrayed American witch Madame Ya Zhou in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), which was nominated for five BAFTAs. She lent her voice to BBC's animated miniseries Watership Down in 2018. <mask> starred as the anthropomorphic robot Anita/Mia in Humans, an AMC/Channel 4 science-fiction drama, from 2015 to 2018. The A.V. Club wrote that <mask> "anchors the series", with her performance "awakening in ways both subtle and overt ... to reflect every new emotion." <mask> voiced robot Quintessa in Transformers: The Last Knight (2017), which was panned by critics.<mask> starred in action-thriller Stratton (2017) as the titular character's "smart-girl" colleague, Aggie. In 2018, <mask> joined Andrea Riseborough, Jane Horrocks, Jaime Winstone, and Laura Carmichael to star in a film produced by ActionAid, encouraging the British public to support girls at risk of sexual violence. <mask> co-starred as Astrid Leong-Teo in the film Crazy Rich Asians (2018). Originally asked to portray the lead, <mask> preferred the "more intriguing" role of Astrid. She first heard about the novel Crazy Rich Asians in a text message from her sister, read it on holiday, and "fell in love with Astrid". On her role, <mask> stated that "what you see with Astrid is not necessarily what you get. There are layers to her ... [she] seemingly has it all together.The film became the highest-grossing romantic comedy of the decade and received critical acclaim for its cast, visuals and on-screen representation. The Hollywood Reporter lauded <mask> as "a radiant presence who lights up her every scene". That same year, she also featured in the short film titled Leading Lady Parts in support of the Time's Up movement. <mask> appeared as  Petronella in London Fields (2018), which was a box-office bomb. <mask> portrayed Elizabeth Hardwick in Josie Rourke's directorial debut, historical drama Mary Queen of Scots (2018), which premiered at the AFI Fest. <mask>'s casting "provoked controversy among internet trolls", as her character had been a white woman. <mask> responded that "if John Wayne can play Genghis Khan, I can play Bess of Hardwick" and remarked that "art should reflect life now."<mask> appeared in Captain Marvel (2019) in a supporting role as Minn-Erva, a sniper who is part of the Kree Starforce. The role required an extensive amount of prosthetic makeup, described as "four layers of airbrush paint" that took four hours to apply. The film had the sixth-biggest opening of all time to critical success. That same year, she was one of fifteen women selected to appear on the cover of the September 2019 issue of British Vogue, by guest editor Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. In 2020 <mask> starred alongside Meryl Streep in Steven Soderbergh's comedy Let Them All Talk. She portrayed Karen, a literary agent who has a "maybe-romance" with her client's nephew. The film premiered on HBO Max to positive reception.That same year, <mask> was the fifteenth recipient of the  Women In Film Max Mara Face of the Future award, given for her  "distinguished acting achievements" and "personal embodiment of timeless style and grace". <mask> voiced the warrior princess Namaari, the antagonist of the Disney animated film Raya and the Last Dragon, which premiered in March 2021. The film was received positively by critics. That May, she briefly produced Hold Still, Vincent, a podcast about the 1982 murder of Vincent Chin. It was subsequently pulled from distribution by the producing team after it was revealed that the podcast's production company did not consult with Chin's estate during the project. November 2021 saw the release of the Marvel Studios film Eternals, in which she starred as Sersi, a member of the titular race. This was her second role in the Marvel Cinematic Universe after Captain Marvel (2019).Upcoming projects
<mask> will reprise her roles in the two Crazy Rich Asians sequel installments, China Rich Girlfriend and Rich People Problems. <mask> will appear in psychological thriller Don't Worry Darling, directed by Olivia Wilde, science fiction film True Love directed by Gareth Edwards, and horror film Cuckoo, alongside Hunter Schafer and John Malkovich. She will also star in the Apple TV+ anthology series Extrapolations. Advocacy and activism
<mask> travelled with Save the Children to Lebanon to meet Syrian child refugees in 2017. In 2018 she partnered with Moet to support Help Refugees UK. She volunteered for Cook-19, an organization that delivers meals to key workers, during the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> has supported UNICEF UK since 2015 and travelled to Jamaica to raise awareness of domestic violence with the organisation in 2019.She participated in Soccer Aid to raise funds for the charity in 2019. She participated in World Children’s Day commemorations in 2020. She was appointed a celebrity ambassador for UNICEF UK in 2021. In response to attacks against elderly Asian immigrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic, <mask> advocated for the #StopAAPIhate movement and fundraising campaign. In May 2021 <mask> launched the #StopESEAHate campaign to assist East and Southeast Asian victims of hate crime. Personal life
In September 2013 <mask> appeared at the Old Bailey in central London as a witness to a fatal stabbing outside Putney Bridge tube station. <mask> dated English comedian Jack Whitehall from 2011 to 2017.She began a relationship with English actor Dominic Cooper in 2018. They reside together in London. <mask> and Cooper participated in the People's Vote March, expressing support for a second Brexit referendum, in October 2018. She has criticised both the Conservative and Labour party for their process in choosing leadership. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

Authored articles

References

External links

 <mask> at Rotten Tomatoes

1982 births
21st-century English actresses
Actresses from London
Alumni of the Drama Centre London
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
British actresses of Chinese descent
English film actresses
English television actresses
English voice actresses
English people of Hong Kong descent
Living people
People educated at Newstead Wood School
People from the London Borough of Bromley

masks:
Gemma Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Gemma Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
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Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Politics Chan
Gemma Chan


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<mask> "Pepi" <mask> (25 September 1913 – 12 December 2001) was an Austrian-Czech professional footballer who played as a striker. He is the second-most prolific goalscorer in official matches in recorded history according to Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF), with over 950 goals scored in 624 matches. According to RSSSF, Bican scored over 1813 total goals in over 1089 total matches, making him the second greatest goalscorer of all time, behind Lajos Tichy with at least 1912 total goals scored in at least 1301 total matches. In total Bican scored 1137 goals for Slavia Praha. <mask> began his professional career at Rapid Vienna in 1931. After four years at Rapid, he moved to local rivals Admira Wien. Bican won four league titles during his time in Austria, then moved to Slavia Praha in 1937, where he stayed until 1948, and became the club's all-time top goalscorer.He later played for FC Vitkovice, FC Hradec Králové, and Dynamo Praha, retiring in 1955 as the all-time top goalscorer in the Czechoslovak First League with 447 goals. Bican was a member of the Austrian Wunderteam of the 1930s and represented the nation at the 1934 FIFA World Cup, where they reached the semi-finals. He later switched allegiance to the Czechoslovakia national football team, but a clerical error related to his transfer of national team precluded him from playing in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. Bican was a tall and powerful player, with the technical ability to play with both feet, and had considerable pace. During his athletic prime, he was reportedly capable of running 100 metres in 10.8 seconds, which was not far off the leading sprinters of his time. After his retirement from playing, Bican became a manager, and coached various teams from the 1950s until the 1970s. In 1998, Bican was given a "Medal of Honour" by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) for being among the world's most successful top division goalscorers of all time.In 2000, the IFFHS awarded Bican the "Golden Ball" in recognition of his status as the greatest goalscorer of the 20th century. The award was based on how many times a player had been top scorer in his domestic league, a feat which Bican achieved 12 times. Early life
Bican was born in Vienna to František and Ludmila <mask>. He was the second of three children. František was from Sedlice in Southern Bohemia, and Ludmila was Viennese Czech. <mask>'s father František was a footballer who played for Hertha Vienna. He fought in World War I and returned uninjured.However, František died at the early age of 30 in the year 1921 after refusing an operation to treat a kidney injury sustained in a football match. His mother worked in a restaurant kitchen. The family's poverty meant that Bican initially had to play football without shoes, which helped him improve his ball control skills. Bican attended the Jan Amos Komenský school, a Czech school in Vienna. In 1925, four years after his father's death, twelve-year-old Bican started to play for the Hertha Vienna junior team, Hertha Vienna II. When he was 18, Bican was spotted by Rapid Vienna, who were a big club in the city at the time. Club career
In 1931, when Bican first joined Rapid, he received 150 schillings, but, by the age of 20, Rapid wanted to keep him so much that they paid him 600 schillings.In his debut game against Austria Vienna, club where Matthias Sindelar played, Bican scored four goals in a victory 5–3. Bican won the Austrian title with Rapid in 1934–35 and his first goalscoring title, but by the end of the season, he'd been suspended after refusing to sign a new contract and Bican decided to go on strike. Through one of his uncles, a deal was done with Admira Vienna, at the time the most successful side in Austrian history. Rapid however refused to release his registration, and Bican went nine months without playing a game. When he was allowed to leave, Bican won championships in both his seasons with the Vienna club, but his heart was set on his family's homeland. During 1937, Bican left Vienna to join Czech club Slavia Prague. Bican was the top scorer in his first season, but Slavia finished as runner-up.The following season, in March 1939, Germany invaded Czechoslovakia and football split on similar lines, with Bohemian and Moravian clubs carrying their results from the Czechoslovak league into the new Bohemian-Moravian league. Bican was again the top scorer of the league but Sparta Prague, Slavia's greatest rival, won the championship again. The third year (1941) the first of Bican's four championships came with the third of the continuous 10 goalscoring titles. He played for Slavia throughout World War II, while many of his football rivals were at war. During eight league seasons he scored 328 goals, including 57 in 26 matches one particular season (1943–44). Three times in his career, Bican scored seven goals in a game. In a 1939–40 league match against Zlín, Bican found the net seven times as Slavia ran out 10–1 winners.During the 1940–41 season, Bican matched his feat of the previous season, again against Zlín, scoring seven times, as Slavia won by a 12–1 scoreline. It was 1947–48 before Bican managed his third seven-goal match, as Slavia defeated České Budějovice in a game which finished 15–1. He was in the leagues that he played, the top-scorer 12 times during his 25-year professional career and Europe's and the world's top scorer in five consecutive seasons, from 1939–40 to 1943–44, a record that still stands. After the war several of Europe's big clubs were interested in signing Bican. Italian side Juventus were very keen and offered Bican handsome terms. He was advised that there was a big chance the Communists could take over in Italy, but what actually happened was the opposite. When the Communists came to power in Czechoslovakia in 1948, Bican refused to join the Communist Party, just as before the war he had refused to join the Nazi Party in Austria.<mask>’s  image had established him as one of the biggest names in the country's society. But his happy days were soon to be over. The communist government wanted to use Bican as a propaganda weapon. When he refused to be a puppet, the Czechoslovak authorities put it about that Bican was a bourgeois Viennese, ignoring his plea that his origins were humble. Bican tried to improve his standing with the Communists by joining steel works Železárny Vítkovice. During 1952, he joined FC Hradec Králové, where he managed to score 53 goals in 26 matches. On 1 May 1953, the Communist Party forced him to leave the city and, therefore, the club.After being forced to leave, he returned to Slavia Prague, or, as it was known then, Dynamo Prague. He continued to play for Dynamo until retiring from playing at the age of 42 in 1955. He was the oldest player in the league at that time. Career statistics

Clubs

Sources: Rapid Wien - Slavia Praha - HistoricalLineups - IFFHS - Český a československý fotbal - RSSSF - Bican data - ARFTS - ARFTS2 - ARFTS3 - ARFSH - ARFSH2

International career
On 29 November 1933, aged 20 years and 64 days, Bican made his debut for Austria in a 2–2 draw against Scotland. He later played for them at the 1934 World Cup, when the Austrian Wunderteam reached the semifinals. His solitary goal in the tournament came in extra time of Austria's 3–2 win over France. At the time Bican was playing for Slavia Prague, he applied for Czechoslovak citizenship.However, when he eventually became a Czechoslovak citizen, he discovered that a clerical error meant he couldn't play at the 1938 World Cup. In total, he scored 29 goals in 34 international matches for three national teams (Austria, Czechoslovakia and Bohemia & Moravia). His final national team appearance was for Czechoslovakia in a 3–1 defeat against Bulgaria on 4 September 1949. However, his success did have a disadvantage. Other members of the team became jealous of the tall, handsome Bican's success, and he was sometimes called abusive names, such as "Austrian bastard". In addition to representing Austria, Czechoslovakia and the region of Bohemia & Moravia, Bican also played a number of fixtures playing for teams consisting of the best players from a league or town between 1939 and 1949. For the Bohemia-Moravia league team in 1939 he played six games scoring nine goals, for the Bohemia league team in 1940–1944 he played eight games scoring 11 goals, for Prague from 1938 to 1948 he played six games scoring one goal and Ostrava in 1949 he played one game scoring one goal, bringing Bican's total number of official goals outside of club football to 48 goals in 54 games.International goals

Goals for Austria
Austria's goal tally

Goals for Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia's goal tally

Goals for Bohemia and Moravia
Bohemia and Moravia's goal tally

Life after retirement

During the spring of 1968, Bican was told that he would be allowed to have a coaching job abroad. He impressed the Belgian team Tongeren and they hired him as a coach, where he had some success taking them from Division 4 to Division 2. Around this time, Pelé was getting ready for his 1000th goal and many journalists were searching for another player who had scored a thousand goals. Former Austrian player Franz "Bimbo" Binder suggested Bican, who he claimed to have scored over 5000 goals in all competitions. When reporters asked Bican why he had not sought more attention for his goalscoring feats, he simply said, "who'd have believed me if I said I'd scored five times as many goals as Pelé?" However, to score over 5000 goals he should have kept an average of 185 goals/year along all his 27 years of career, but only counting goals in official matches, Bican scored at least 950 goals. Bican's goal-scoring feats are often forgotten because he did not make a big fuss about it in the media.His record is often overshadowed by Pelé's 1303 goal record, including goals in unofficial matches. But shortly before his death in 2001, IFFHS based on RSSSF statistics declared Bican with 643 league goals, the most prolific scorer of the 20th century. This was judged by the number of times a player had been top scorer in his domestic league. Bican managed this feat 12 times, more than any other player in football history. In the 1990s, Bican spoke to Czech TV about the difficulty of scoring during his era: "When I talk to young reporters, they always say, 'Mr Bican, scoring was easier back in your day.' But I ask them, 'How come? Look, are there opportunities today?'And they tell me, 'Of course there are, many of them'. And I say, 'There you go. If there weren't opportunities, it would be difficult. But if there are, scoring is the same as it was a hundred years ago, and will be the same in a hundred years' time, too. It will always be the same." "Bican was incredibly unlucky at the height of his career. There was no World Cup in 1942 or 1946 because of the war.If the 1942 edition had taken place, for example, he would surely have become more widely known. Perhaps he might even have been as famous as Pele", Radovan Jelinek, sports historian said about him. <mask>n spent the last few months of his life in hospital with heart problems. He had hoped to be home for Christmas, but died less than 2 weeks before that, at the age of 88. In September 2013, which would have been Bican's 100th birthday, Slavia Prague commemorated him by wearing shirts that featured a replica of his signature on them. See also
 List of men's footballers with 500 or more goals
 List of world association football records

Notes

References

External links

Austria international footballers
Austrian footballers
Czechoslovakia international footballers
Czechoslovak footballers
Czech footballers
1934 FIFA World Cup players
SK Rapid Wien players
FC Hradec Králové players
SK Slavia Prague players
MFK Vítkovice players
Czechoslovak football managers
Czech football managers
SK Slavia Prague managers
FC Slovan Liberec managers
FC Zbrojovka Brno managers
1. FK Příbram managers
FC Hradec Králové managers
SK Kladno managers
Footballers from Vienna
Dual internationalists (football)
Austrian people of Czech descent
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Czechoslovakia
Czech people of Austrian descent
1913 births
2001 deaths
Association football forwards
Burials at Vyšehrad Cemetery

masks:
Josef
Bican
Bican
Bican
Josef
Josef Bican
Josef Bica


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<mask> (born October 4, 1975) is an Eisner Award winning American comic book and science fiction and fantasy writer. His 2012 book Throne of the Crescent Moon was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel and won the Locus Award for Best First Novel. He has also been a finalist for the John W. Campbell Award, the Nebula Award for Best Novel and the Nebula Award for Best Short Story. <mask>'s fiction has been published in anthologies and magazines including Strange Horizons, Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show, Clockwork Phoenix 2 and Beneath Ceaseless Skies. He is also the writer of Black Bolt, Exiles and Miles Morales: Spider-Man from Marvel Comics. Personal life
<mask> was born in 1975 in Detroit, Michigan to parents of Lebanese, Egyptian, Irish, and Polish descent. His father, <mask>, formerly in the merchant marine, worked both in a factory and as a community organizer.His mother was a political activist. After graduating from high school, <mask> attended Henry Ford Community College before transferring to the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. After receiving a B.A. in American Studies, <mask> earned an MFA at Brooklyn College and an MA in English from Rutgers University. <mask> is Muslim. Career
<mask> Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show, Clockwork Phoenix 2, and Beneath Ceaseless Skies. In 2010, he was a finalist for the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer.<mask>", originally published in Clockwork Phoenix 2, was a finalist for the 2010 Nebula Award for Best Short Story. His story "Where Virtue Lives", originally published in Beneath Ceaseless Skies, was a finalist for the 2009 Harper's Pen Award. His novel trilogy The Crescent Moon Kingdoms is currently being published by DAW Books. The novels are fantasies inspired by One Thousand and One Nights. The first book in the series, Throne of the Crescent Moon, was published by DAW Books in February 2012.<ref>[http://www.saladinahmed.com/wordpress/throne-of-the-crescent-moon-is-now-on-sale "THRONE OF THE CRESCENT MOON is now on sale! "], <mask> <mask>, February 7, 2012.</ref>

<mask>'s poetry has been published in various literary journals and books and has been awarded fellowships from the University of Michigan, Brooklyn College, and the Bronx Council on the Arts. In October 2017 gained media attention for a Twitter post addressed to the cereal company Kellogg's: "why is literally the only brown corn pop on the whole cereal box the janitor?this is teaching kids racism." Kellogg's indicated they would change the artwork on future Corn Pops shipments. Awards and honors Throne of the Crescent Moon was a finalist for both the 2012 Nebula Award for Best Novel and the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novel. <mask> won the Locus Award for Best First Novel for the novel. He was also a finalist for the 2010 and 2011 John W. Campbell Award and the 2009 Nebula Award for Best Short Story. <mask>'s comic Black Bolt, with Christian Ward as the artist, won the 2018 Eisner Award for Best New Series while the graphic novel collection of the comic, Black Bolt, Volume 1: Hard Time, was a finalist for the 2018 Hugo Award for Best Graphic Story. Works
Novels
 Throne of the Crescent Moon (DAW Books, 2012)

Comics
 Black Bolt (12 issue monthly series from Marvel Comics, May 2017-April 2018)
 Abbott (5 issue mini series from BOOM!Studios, January 2018 to May 2018)
 Exiles (12 issue monthly series from Marvel Comics, April 2018 to January 2019)
 Quicksilver: No Surrender (5 issue limited series from Marvel Comics, May 2018 to September 2018)
 Amazing Spider-Man Annual #1 (one shot from Marvel Comics, September 2018)
 Miles Morales: Spider-Man (monthly series from Marvel Comics, December 2018 to present)
 The Magnificent Ms. Marvel (18 issue monthly series from Marvel Comics, March 2019 to February 2021)
 Absolute Carnage: Miles Morales (3 issue limited series from Marvel Comics, August 2019 to October 2019)
 Conan: Battle For The Serpent Crown (5 issue limited series from Marvel Comics, February 2020 to September 2020)

Collections
 Engraved on the Eye (Ridan Publishing, 2012)

Short storiesStar Wars: Canto Bight - "Rules of the Game" (Del Rey, December 2017)
 "Without Faith, Without Law, Without Joy" - Rags & Bones, ed. By Melissa Marr, Tim Pratt (Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, October 2013)
 "Amethyst, Shadow, and Light" - Fearsome Journeys, ed. Jonathan Strahan (Solaris, May 2013)
 "The Faithful Soldier, Prompted" - Apex Magazine 18, November 2010
podcast by StarShipSofa
 "Mister Hadj's Sunset Ride" - Beneath Ceaseless Skies, May 2010
 "General Akmed's Revenge?" - Expanded Horizons 16, March 2010
 "Doctor Diablo Goes Through The Motions" - Strange Horizons, February 2010
podcast by DrabbleCast
 "Judgment of Swords and Souls" - Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show "Hooves and the Hovel of Abdel Jameela" - Clockwork Phoenix 2, ed. by Mike Allen (Norilana Books, July 2009)
Finalist for the 2010 Nebula Award for Best Short Story
podcast by PodCastle
 "Where Virtue Lives - Beneath Ceaseless Skies, April 2009
Finalist for the 2009 Harper's Pen Award. Poetry
Ahmed's poetry has appeared in the following journals and anthologies:

 Callaloo Volume 32, Issue 4 (2009)
 Against Agamemnon: War Poetry (WaterWood Press 2009)
 Inclined to Speak: An Anthology of Contemporary Arab American Poetry (University of Arkansas Press 2008)
 Margie: The American Journal of Poetry Volume 6 (2007)
 We Begin Here: Poems for Palestine and Lebanon (Interlink Books 2007)
 The Brooklyn Review #19 (2002)
 The Brooklyn Review  #18 (2001)
 Big City Lit (2001)
 Mizna Volume 3, Issue 1 (2001)
 Abandon Automobile: Detroit City Poetry (Wayne State University Press 2001)
 Post Gibran: Anthology of New Arab American Writing' (Kitab/Syracuse University Press 2000)
 Arab Detroit: From Margin to Mainstream (Wayne State University Press 2000)

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
American science fiction writers
Novelists from Michigan
American poets
American writers of Lebanese descent
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American poets
People from Oakland County, Michigan
Rutgers University alumni
American people of Polish descent
American people of Irish descent
Brooklyn College alumni
Henry Ford Community College alumni
American male novelists
American male poets
American writers of Egyptian descent
21st-century American male writers
American comics writers

masks:
Saladin Ahmed
Ahmed
Ahmed
Ismael Ahmed
Ahmed
Ahmed
Ahmed
Ahmedson
Ahmedeela
Saladin
Ahmed
Ahmed
Ahmed
Ahmed