text_chunks:
<mask> (19 January 1883 – 29 May 1956) was a German conductor. Early life
<mask> was born on 19 January 1883, at Frankfurt, the son of a bookseller. Several other members of the family were artists in diverse disciplines. After finishing his school studies at the Frankfort Gymnasium, <mask> traveled to Munich and at the wish of his father undertook the first year of an apprenticeship as a book dealer, but he then switched to studying music at the conservatory of Munich, the Münchner Konservatorium, from 1900 to 1903, studying theory and composition with Ludwig Thuille, piano with Anna Hirtzel-Langenham, and developing his conducting skills working with Felix Mottl. Initial career

Still an undergraduate, <mask>'s first stable assignment of conducting was from 1903 to 1904, for the Orchestral Society of Munich. From 1905 to 1911, he moved to Lübeck, highlighting as the Kapellmeister of the Theater Lübeck. From 1911 to 1914, he was the Generalmusikdirektor (General music director) of the city of Essen.From 1915 to 1934 he was the Kapellmeister of the Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne, and then also director of the Cologne Conservatory (1925–1934), which was reformed with his help, to become the Cologne Musikhochschule. He also became the general music director of Cologne in 1918, and was a professor in 1919. He also was the general music director of Bonn, from 1930 to 1933. In 1922, <mask> was the director of the Lower Rhenish Music Festival. He was invited to conduct in other countries as well, and visited the USSR and conducted the USSR-State Symphony Orchestra in 1925, 1927 and 1928. From 1926 to 1937, he visited England and regularly conducted the London Symphony Orchestra. Abendroth is known for performing classical and romantic compositions, including Beethoven, Brahms, and Bruckner.Nonetheless, he conducted other contemporary pieces in their premieres, for instance for Bartok and Stravinsky. Nazi Germany
In 1934, the Nazi Party seized the city council of Cologne, and the liberally minded <mask> was promptly removed from the public function and detained. Nonetheless, other personalities of the arts interceded, and <mask> was restituted into the public function, to head the department of education of the Nazi Reichsmusikkammer. Accepting such charge, <mask> was criticized for relinquishing his ideals. Nevertheless, he formally joined the Nazi Party in 1937. In 1934, <mask> was appointed Kapellmeister of the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, replacing Bruno Walter, who was dismissed by the newly installed Nazi authorities because he refused the nazi dictature and of being Jewish. From 1934 to 1945, <mask> also was professor of the Leipzig conservatory (1941–1945 Leipzig Musikhochschule).In 1943 and 1944, he took part in the traditional Bayreuth Festival, conducting Die Meistersinger, its only opera for those two years. Adolf Hitler officialized and organized the festivity. East Germany
After World War II, the Communist new authorities of Saxony rescinded all <mask>'s contracts of Leipzig, and so - with his past of the Nazi Party - he wouldn't manage to get a new stable position anywhere else in Germany either. <mask> then claimed that he had never attended any political meeting, and his fortune then would change at Thuringia, whose government appointed <mask> for music director of Weimar from 1945 to 1956. In 1950 and 1954, <mask> was elected the People's Chamber of the GDR for a four-year mandate ending in 1954 as a representative of the Cultural Association of the GDR. Such opportunity would help cleansing <mask>'s name, about his Nazi past, and so he returned to Leipzig, in charge of its Radio Symphony Orchestra, from 1949 to 1956. As <mask>, a heavy smoker, was becoming a prominent artist of East Germany, he was the only person allowed to smoke within the building of the radio station of Leipzig, by the Communist authorities.<mask> toured throughout the Communist Europe. He was the first German invited to conduct in the Soviet Union after the war, and also toured Finland and Switzerland. In 1951, he conducted for the Prague Spring International Music Festival. From 1953 to 1956 he conducted Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (East Berlin). Ironically, such new celebrity status of Abendroth awoke suspicion about his new political affinity, and some locations of West Germany banned his presentations -such as in Düsseldorf- and the release of Abendroth's records on the Eterna label was quite limited in Western Europe. Death
<mask> died of a stroke, during a surgical procedure, in Jena, on 29 May 1956. A state funeral was then granted for him.Records
Abendroth was amongst the first German music directors who released studio records regularly. His production spanned from mid-1920s, until his death. Nowadays, Abendroth is being successfully rediscovered by a collection of CDs, published since mid-1990s, consisting mainly of his works for the Radio Symphony Orchestra of Leipzig of since 1953. Awards
 1935 Commemorative Medal in gold of the Gesellschaft zur Beförderung gemeinnütziger Tätigkeit (Society for the Furtherance of Charitable Activities) of Lübeck (together with Wilhelm Furtwängler)
 1937 Commander's Cross of the Order of St. Sava
 1944 War Merit Cross, Second Class without swords
1946 Thuringian State: Certificate of appointment for the recognition of outstanding services to the revival of the artistic tradition of Weimar
 1949 National Prize of East Germany for Arts and Letters, 2nd class
 1952 Member of the Music Section of the German Academy of the Arts
 1952 Honorary Member of the Mecklenburgische Staatskapelle, Schwerin
 1953 Honorary citizen of the city of Weimar (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)
 1953 Honorary Senator of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, for his seventieth birthday
 1954 Patriotic Order of Merit in Silver (East Germany)
 19?? Nazi Germany
National offices
1933–1945: Director of the Fachschaft Musikerzieher, choir director of the Reichsmusikkammer
1938: Chief conductor at the Hessian State Theatre of Darmstadt
1941: Chief Director of the Rhine-Mainische State Orchestra, at Frankfurt
1943 & 1944: conducting the Bayreuth Festival
Leipzig
1934–1945: Kapellmeister of the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig
1934–1945: Professor of the conservatory, Landeskonservatorium der Musik zu Leipzig
1941: Professor of the Musikhochschule

Communist Germany
Thuringia
1945–1956: Music director of Weimar
1945–1956: conducting the Staatskapelle
1946: he became a regional Staatsrat
curator, of the Liszt Museum of Weimar. Leipzig
1949–1956: conducting the Radio Symphony Orchestra, Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester
East Berlin
1953–1956: conducting the Radio Symphony Orchestra of Berlin
Touring
1951: Prague Spring International Music Festival
1951: USSR
1954: USSR, conducting the State Symphony Orchestra

External links

 Hermann Abendroth discography
 Hermann Abendroth profile

References

1883 births
1956 deaths
Musicians from Frankfurt
People from Hesse-Nassau
Nazi Party members
National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany) politicians
Members of the Provisional Volkskammer
German male conductors (music)
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln faculty
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver
Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany
Commanders of the Order of St. Sava
20th-century German conductors (music)
20th-century German male musicians

masks:
Hermann Paul Maximilian Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Hermann Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Hermann Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Abendroth
Hermann Abendroth


text_chunks:
<mask> (6 July 1923 – 21 December 1976), usually known as <mask>, was a Sri Lankan swindler. The collapse of his Fire, Auto and Marine Insurance Company left about 400,000 motorists in the United Kingdom without cover. As a post-war black marketeer, <mask> committed bribery and fraud on an international scale before settling in the UK to sell low-cost insurance in the fast-growing automotive market. By defaulting on mandatory securities, he funded a lavish lifestyle and travelled in fashionable circles. This attracted the attention of the press, who uncovered evidence of major fraud. In a TV interview with David Frost, <mask> demonstrated contempt for his defrauded customers (some of whom were in the studio audience) and denied any moral responsibility. The police had been investigating him, and he was soon arrested and sentenced to eight years' imprisonment.Released after six, Savundra died two years later as a drug addict. Early life and career

Born into a Tamil family of lawyers in Ceylon during the British Raj, <mask> grew up with a mixture of respect for and resentment of Britain. Although he served a brief commission in the Ceylon Engineers, he was refused entry into the Royal Air Force during the Second World War despite holding a pilot's licence. Savundra married a young Tamil woman, who remained loyal to him over a turbulent thirty-year career. When Ceylon became independent in 1948, <mask> (age 24) tried to develop a business career on the island. Around this time he developed insulin-dependent diabetes, which would shorten his life. During this period, in the context of the Korean War, <mask> was used as a local intermediary in the economic sabotage of a shipload of oil which he appeared to be selling to China but which his American contacts had ensured did not exist.After using this device to support the US war effort, he repeated the process. In 1954, at age 31, <mask> was convicted of swindling the Kredietbank of Antwerp over a non-existent cargo of rice and was imprisoned in Belgium. In 1958 he resurfaced as a representative of American company Camp Bird for mineral interests in Ghana. <mask> was involved in bribery at the highest level of government, claiming in his diaries that this was typical Ghanaian business practice during the 1950s. He was deported from the country, presumably because a trial would have caused local embarrassment. <mask>, who had developed a career of sharp practice characteristic of a post-war black marketeer, perpetrated a coffee-bean fraud at the expense of the Costa Rican government in 1959. His only criminal offence in Ceylon was the failure to pay an Inland Revenue bill based on earnings from some of his economic frauds.<mask> was absent from the island between 1951 and 1965, when he returned at age 42. Fire, Auto and Marine

By the early 1960s Savundra had settled in the United Kingdom, where he perpetrated the fraud for which he would be convicted in 1968. In 1963 he formed the Fire, Auto and Marine Insurance Company (FAM), which took advantage of the thriving motor-insurance industry when car ownership in the UK was increasing and road networks were being developed. FAM offered low insurance rates, with crude, but revolutionary at the time, computerisation in a collaboration with IBM. Savundra had a lavish, high-profile lifestyle before FAM collapsed due to cash-flow problems and exposure by Sunday Times reporters of the company's lack of proper securities. His activities had included powerboat racing in the Daily Express Cowes-to-Torquay race, where many photographs exist of Savundra mingling with rich and powerful figures. In his first race he fractured his spine, and was referred by a high-society friend to osteopath Stephen Ward.Savundra became involved with Christine Keeler and Mandy Rice-Davies, and was referred to at Ward's trial as "the Indian doctor" (although he was neither Indian nor a doctor). Because the scandal centred around the Minister of War, female escorts, the Russian defence attache, a well-known actress, a senior member of the House of Lords and many society figures, Savundra did not receive much attention. However, Keeler and Rice-Davies published autobiographies mentioning Savundra; this may have been when Private Eye began noticing Savundra's activities in London, triggering his downfall. David Frost, Savundra's eventual nemesis, posed for a photograph in the Christine Keeler shoot for the BBC's That Was The Week That Was by Lewis Morley. Savundra was one of the first controversial businessmen to use UK libel law in an attempt to prevent publications such as Private Eye from publishing allegations about his life and business practices. At his 1968 trial, witnesses testified that he presented documents indicating that he underwrote FAM with securities worth £540,000 and £870,000 in blue-chip shares; no such securities existed when the company failed. When it began to falter, FAM continued to issue coverage documents; only part of the premiums were submitted by the company's brokers (some of whom also engaged in fraud).FAM, the first of six insurance companies to fail during the 1960s and early 1970s, was noted because of Savundra. Although Vehicle and General was the largest of the companies to fail, the belief grew that FAM was deliberately failing to meet its obligations to customers. A Sunday Times team investigating Savundra's affairs reported that his "reserves" in stock worth nearly a million pounds were forgeries. According to his defenders (who overlooked his track record in fraudulent trading), he insured high-risk clients and did not realise that he should allocate more resources to cover claims. Although <mask> reportedly transferred FAM assets to a bank in Liechtenstein, no such funds were found. In May 1966, after a heart attack, the 42-year-old <mask> sold his FAM shares to his FAM directors. Led by Stuart de Quincy Walker, the company quickly collapsed and left an estimated  400,000 motorists uninsured.Savundra was pursued by the media, who besieged his mansion in Hampstead for days. He fled to his native Ceylon, where he was sheltered by relatives, and the Ceylonese government refused to confirm that they would deny a British request for extradition. In December, Savundra returned to Europe; he was in Rome for a month, still pursued by the British press. In January 1967, he re-entered the United Kingdom; at age 44, he was dependent on pethidine for back pain. Frost Programme controversy

The fraudulent nature of Savundra's business affairs was again made public in 1967 as the result of a television interview by David Frost on the Rediffusion London show, The Frost Programme. The previous week, Frost had announced that he would include the story of the FAM debacle and Savundra in his next programme. Savundra injected himself with pethidine before the interview, appearing oddly calm despite Frost's aggressive questioning.Frost encouraged the studio audience to heckle <mask>. For his part, Savundra called Frost the "finest swordsman in England" and also referred to the audience (which included his clients, victims of the insurance-company failure) as "peasants" and claimed "no moral responsibility" for what had happened. Frost (who had expected that Savundra would express remorse to his victims) confronted him about his conduct, and the programme ended with shouts from the audience of "Well done, Frostie!" The interview was quickly dubbed "trial by television", and caused concern by Rediffusion management that Savundra's right to a fair trial had been compromised. The programme enhanced Frost's reputation in the UK as a vigorous interviewer. Imprisonment and death

<mask> was arrested shortly after his appearance on The Frost Programme after a two-year police investigation. In March 1968, he was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment with a £50,000 fine or an additional two years' imprisonment.Savundra was eventually placed in the prison hospital, where he became addicted to drugs to control persistent pain. Whilst he was in prison, it was discovered that he had used his wealth to go to clinics around the world; the clinic records were collected and collated. Savundra was released from prison shortly before Christmas in 1974, still addicted to drugs. He died in Old Windsor, near Windsor, Berkshire, on 21 December 1976 at age 53. Survived by his widow, Savundra was registered as a "retired banker" and identified as Roman Catholic. In popular culture

In "The Death List", an episode of the television comedy Yes Minister, Jim Hacker says that he once wrote a character reference for Savundra. Sources

 <mask>vundra Wormwood Scrub Diaries (2008)

References

External links

IMDb page for a 1989 episode of Scandal entitled "<mask>vundra: The Prince of Con Men"

1923 births
1976 deaths
Sri Lankan Tamil businesspeople
Sri Lankan Christians
Sri Lankan Roman Catholics
Sri Lankan criminals
Sri Lankan emigrants to the United Kingdom

masks: Michael Marion Emil Anacletus Pierre Savundranayagam


text_chunks:
<mask>  (born November 10, 1996) is an American football quarterback for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Missouri and was drafted by the Broncos in the second round of the 2019 NFL Draft. High school career
<mask> attended Lee's Summit High School in Lee's Summit, Missouri. As a junior, he passed for 3,060 yards and 35 touchdowns. As a senior in 2014, he was the Kansas City Star's All-Metro Player of the Year after passing for 2,731 yards and 28 touchdowns. <mask> was rated by Rivals as a four-star recruit and was ranked as the sixth-best pro-style quarterback in the 2015 class. He committed to the University of Missouri to play college football.He was also considered a two-star basketball prospect as a shooting guard, but he retired from basketball after high school. Collegiate career
<mask> began his collegiate career by going 6-for-10 for 138 yards and a touchdown in the season-opener against Southeast Missouri State while coming off the bench for two series. He then took over as Mizzou's starting quarterback over the final eight games of 2015. In a win over South Carolina, he became the school's first true freshman to start at quarterback since Corby Jones in 1995, going 21-for-28 for 136 yards and a pair of touchdowns. Against BYU at Arrowhead Stadium, <mask> was 19-of-28 for a career-best 244 yards and a touchdown while also setting career highs in both passer rating and passing yards while posting his second-best completion percentage of the season. He finished the season 129-of-263 for 1,332 yards and four touchdowns. He finished the 2016 regular season ranked first in the SEC in passing yards (3,399) and second in passing yards per game (283.3) and yards per completion (14.34) while posting top-20 marks nationally in all three categories as well, peaking at 10th nationally with his 3,399 passing yards.Also, he ranked second in the SEC in completions per game (19.75) and third in total offense (293.5). His 3,399 yards through the air are the fifth-most in program history in a single season and the most ever in a 12-game season at Mizzou, while his 23 passing touchdowns were the sixth-most in program history and only three Mizzou quarterbacks have thrown for more in a single season. He completed 24-for-37 for a career-high 450 yards while tying a school record with five touchdowns against Eastern Michigan in Mizzou's home opener. He tossed for three more touchdowns on 23-of-38 passing in Mizzou's 28–27 loss to Georgia. His passing total of 1,106 yards was more than any Mizzou quarterback in his first three games ever. He played only the first half against Delaware State, but put up huge numbers in the 79–0 win. In the first half alone, he completed 26 of 36 passes for 402 yards while matching the school record with five touchdowns.He closed his season by sparking a second-half, 17-point comeback with a 67-yard TD pass to Johnathon Johnson against Arkansas. He finished that game going 16-for-26 with 268 yards and a score. In the 2017 season, <mask> led the NCAA (FBS) and set the SEC and Missouri record for passing touchdowns (44) while helping the Tigers reach a bowl game after starting the season 1–5. He finished the season with 242-of-419 passing (57.8%) for 3,964 yards with 44 touchdowns and 13 interceptions (165.7 rtg.). <mask> was selected to the First-team All-SEC. He finished his college football career with a total of 99 touchdowns. Statistics

Professional career

2019 season
<mask> was selected by the Denver Broncos in the second round with the 42nd overall pick in the 2019 NFL Draft.He suffered a thumb injury in the preseason and was placed on injured reserve on September 1, 2019. He was designated for return from injured reserve on November 12, 2019, and resumed practicing with the team. On November 30, 2019, the Broncos activated <mask> off of injured reserve and named him the starter for their game the next day against the Los Angeles Chargers. He threw for 134 yards, two touchdowns, and one interception, and he moved the Broncos down the field in the last 15 seconds (via a pass interference penalty on the Chargers' Casey Heyward Jr.) to set up a Brandon McManus 53-yard field goal as time expired, leading the Broncos to a 23–20 win, his first NFL victory. During Week 14 against the Houston Texans, a game in which the Texans were favored by nine points, <mask> threw three touchdowns in the first half and led another scoring drive to start the second half, giving his team a 38–3 lead. The Broncos eventually won the game 38–24, and <mask> finished with 309 passing yards, three touchdowns, and an interception. He ended up starting the remainder of the season.In five games, he finished with 1,020 passing yards, seven touchdowns, and three interceptions. He went 4–1 as a starter in 2019 and in the process, tied with legendary Broncos quarterback John Elway for the most franchise wins by a rookie QB with four, only needing five games to accomplish the feat that Elway did not reach until his 10th game. 2020 season
In Week 1 against the Tennessee Titans on Monday Night Football, <mask> threw for 216 yards and a touchdown during the 16–14 loss. In Week 2, he left the game early in the first quarter with a shoulder injury against the Pittsburgh Steelers. Without <mask>, the Broncos lost the game 26–21. <mask> would return from his injury in the Broncos' Week 6 matchup against the New England Patriots. In the game, <mask> had only 189 yards passing and two interceptions, but the Broncos won the game 18-12 thanks to six Brandon McManus field goals.With the win, <mask> became the youngest QB ever to defeat the Patriots at Gillette Stadium under head coach Bill Belichick, as well as the second QB to do so while throwing multiple interceptions (Kurt Warner also accomplished the feat back in 2001). In Week 8 against the Los Angeles Chargers, he had 248 passing yards, three passing touchdowns, and one interception in the 31–30 comeback victory. The third touchdown pass was a game-winning one-yard pass to K. J. Hamler with no time remaining. In Week 9 against the Atlanta Falcons, <mask> threw for 313 yards, two touchdowns, and an interception and rushed for 47 yards and another touchdown in the 34–27 loss. In Week 10 against the Las Vegas Raiders, <mask> would have the worst passing performance of his career, throwing for 257 yards, one touchdown, and 4 interceptions during the 37–12 loss. On November 28, 2020, <mask> was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list after coming in close contact with Jeff Driskel, who tested positive for the virus. <mask> and the other three quarterbacks on the Broncos roster were fined by the team for violating COVID-19 protocols.He was activated on December 1. In Week 14, against the Carolina Panthers, he had 280 passing yards and four passing touchdowns in the 32–27 victory. In Week 17 against the Las Vegas Raiders, <mask> threw for 339 yards and 2 touchdowns during the 32–31 loss. <mask> finished the 2020 season with 16 touchdowns and 15 interceptions, tied for the most interceptions in the NFL with Carson Wentz, despite only playing in 13 games. His completion percentage of 57.3% was the lowest among the 35 quarterbacks with at least 150 passing attempts in 2020. 2021 season
<mask> spent the offseason before the 2021 season in a competition with newly acquired quarterback Teddy Bridgewater. On August 25, Bridgewater was named the starter for week one ahead of <mask>, after a close battle in the first and second preseason games.<mask> played against Baltimore Ravens in Week 4 after Bridgewater suffered a concussion. He completed 12 of 21 (57.1%) passes for a total of 113 yards and an interception, resulting in a 52.3 QB rating in the 23–7 loss. <mask> entered the Week 12 game against the Los Angeles Chargers late in the first half after a leg injury temporarily sidelined Teddy Bridgewater. <mask> completed 4 of 7 (57.1%) for a total of 26 yards and an interception, resulting in a QB rating of 25.6 in the 28–13 win. Bridgewater reentered and finished the game in the second half. <mask> also came in the Broncos Week 15 matchup against the Cincinnati Bengals after Bridgewater left the game with a concussion. He completed 6 of 12 passes (50%) for 88 yards and a touchdown, and lost a fumble in the 15–10 loss.<mask> was named the starter for the Broncos Week 16 matchup against the Las Vegas Raiders due to Bridgewater's injury. <mask> threw for 153 yards, no touchdowns or interceptions in the 17–13 loss. <mask> would be the starter for the remainder of the season after Bridgewater was placed on injured reserve. Against the Kansas City Chiefs, <mask> completed 12/24 passes (50%) for 162 yards, rushed for 35 yards, and rushed for two touchdowns becoming the first Broncos quarterback to rush for two touchdowns since Tim Tebow in 2011 in the 28–24 loss. NFL career  statistics

References

External links

 Denver Broncos bio
 Missouri Tigers bio

1996 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Denver Broncos players
Missouri Tigers football players
People from Lee's Summit, Missouri
Players of American football from Denver
Players of American football from Missouri
Sportspeople from Columbia, Missouri
Sportspeople from Denver
Sportspeople from the Kansas City metropolitan area

masks:
Andrew Stephen Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock
Lock


text_chunks:
<mask>  (born 7 May 1943) is a New Zealand painter and sculptor. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Onehunga in 1943, the daughter of Reuben John and Joyce Winifred Fairburn (née Grainger) <mask>. She attended the University of Auckland Elam School of Fine Arts, graduating in 1963 with an honours degree in painting. Career

Art school and early work
<mask>'s early work, during art school and the years immediately following, was figurative: 'the protagonist always a woman, and the woman was often nude'. <mask>'s work in the 1960s was also more autobiographical than any later painting. In the early 1970s <mask> turned away from the human form and began looking at the landscape, her garden, and arranging natural objects on coloured backgrounds. From 1970 she also began to use thinned acrylic rather than oil on canvas, which allowed her to paint more freely, and unprimed canvases that allowed the pigment to soak into the raw fabric, mimicking the watercolour work she enjoyed.1970s
During the 1970s <mask>'s work became more and more abstracted, although it often still began with observations of the landscape, making studies in places like Auckland's West Coast and Manukau Harbour. Art historian Linda Gill notes that as <mask>'s paintings became more abstracted, her titles – originally prosaic, such as Table-Cloth with Curtain – became 'as poetic as her use of colour: Grey Ledge, Winged Spill, Storm Swell, Fritillary, Cushioned Fall, Penumbra.' An exhibition of American painter Morris Louis' large abstract acrylic paintings at the Auckland Art Gallery in 1971 encouraged <mask>'s commitment to her abstract style and encouraged her to be more bold. 1980s and onwards: mature style
In 1980, after a year spent travelling in Europe and the United States, <mask> produced works that directly referenced European painters and the history of art rather than her surroundings, with titles such as After Piero, Giotto's Blue and Lunette (for Fra Angelico). Her mature style appeared at this time, with her distinctive use of the lunette, which she calls Hemispheres, ovaloid canvases, what she calls Ovals, or oval motifs on standard rectangle canvases, which she calls Roses in the Snow. <mask> first worked in the hemisphere form while living in Dunedin in 1981 as the Frances Hodgkins Fellow at the University of Otago: the artists has said 'I knew I wanted the hemisphere in 1981. I went to Dunedin with quadrants, the hemisphere happened in the studio, I put the quadrants together.I wanted to break out of the rectangle and the square, and to introduce a curve.' In 1992 <mask> described the importance of the curved form in her work, describing it as having 'a sensuousness and a female-relatedness that I can't describe in any other way. It had a generosity about it that the angular stretcher didn't have'. For a 1985 solo project at Auckland City Art Gallery, <mask> made four works referring to the seasons. In an interview with art historian Anne Kirker noted that she conceived the exhibition as 'taking a room with four rooms and putting one work on each of them. So you're in an environment, moving from the door to around the room, looking at the work and out the same door again.' In the same article <mask> noted that she worked with the hemisphere form for most of the 1980s but series of collages made in 1987 and exhibited in 1988 showed the 'disintegration' of this form and the introduction of new forms, specifically the oval.She has been compared to Mark Rothko and particularly Helen Frankenthaler and other abstract expressionist artists. <mask> has also expanded her work into oval metal sculpture since the early 2000s. <mask> received grants from the QE II Arts foundation in 1976, 1978 and 1986, and travelled and worked extensively in the United States. In 1981, <mask> was awarded the Frances Hodgkins Fellowship at the University of Otago. Today, <mask> splits her time between Auckland and London. In 2007 <mask> received a donation from the Arts Foundation of New Zealand Award for Patronage recipient Dame Jenny Gibbs. Collections
<mask>'s work is held in all major New Zealand public gallery collections, including the Auckland Art Gallery, the University of Auckland, Victoria University of Wellington, Sarjeant Gallery, Waikato Museum, and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.Further reading
 Ingrid Dubbelt, <mask>: Paintings', Art New Zealand 6, June/July 1977, p. 9
 Gordon H Brown, '<mask>brecht paintings', Art New Zealand 19, Autumn 1981, p. 12
 Peter Leech, '<mask>brecht: The old age of Modernism', Art New Zealand 22, Summer 1981–82, pp. 22–23
 Wystan Curnow, 'Seven Painters/The Eighties', Art New Zealand 28, 1983, pp. 34–38
 Priscilla Pitts, '<mask>: The Early Years', Art New Zealand 26, 1983, pp. 36–37
 Francis Pound, '<mask>'s Hemispheres – The Realms of Connotation', Art New Zealand 38, 1986
 William McAloon (ed) Art at Te Papa, Wellington: Te Papa Press, 2009
 Edward Hanfling, 'Rectangles, Rediscoveries & Radiance: <mask> on Continuity & Change', Art New Zealand'' 126, Summer 2010–11

References

External links
 <mask> official website
 the artist at Nadene Milne Gallery
 the artist at Fishers Fine Arts
 the artist at Paper Graphica, with interview
 Documentary about <mask>, NZ On Screen
 In the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

1943 births
Living people
Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit
Elam Art School alumni
New Zealand painters
People from Onehunga
20th-century New Zealand women artists
New Zealand women painters

masks:
Gretchen Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Gretchen Albrecht
Gretchen Al
Gretchen Al
Gretchen Albrecht
Albrecht
Gretchen Albrecht
Gretchen Albrecht
Gretchen Albrecht


text_chunks:
<mask> (4 January 17933 May 1833) was a British businessman, a looking-glass maker and banker who served for two years as a Tory Member of Parliament for the former English parliamentary constituency of Penryn in Cornwall. After failing as a banker he did not stand again for Parliament. In 1827 he was committed to King's Bench Prison for debt, and was released before he died. Early life
Born in 1793, <mask> was the eldest son of <mask>, a looking-glass manufacturer, of Islington Green and Lombard Street. His mother was Eleanor, a daughter of John Mason, originally from Spilsby. By 1794, <mask>'s father was in business making looking-glasses in Lombard Street, until about 1815 with a partner called Wilcoxon, and later as a partner in a firm called "Wilcoxon, Stanton and Co." <mask>'s mother died in 1809, leaving nine children. In 1818, <mask>'s father died at Plymouth and was buried at Bunhill Fields.His estate was sworn to be worth under £80,000. In a will dated 1809, and a codicil dated 1811, he left his daughters £5,000 each. To his son <mask>, he left £1,000 when he reached the age of twenty-one, his Islington Green house, and his business. To his son Charles he also left £1,000, and the two brothers were to have an equal share in the residue of their father's estate when they were both aged thirty. In the event, <mask> had died in 1811, aged ten, so <mask> came into the whole residue of his father's estate in 1823. Marriage

On 21 March 1816, <mask> married Louisa Sarah Ann Darby of St Michael, Cornhill, in the City of London, a daughter of Thomas Darby, and they had two sons and at least four daughters. He was recorded as a merchant when his first child, Louisa, was baptized in 1817, and his address was then in City Road.A son, <mask>, died in December 1817, aged two weeks. <mask> later had another son named <mask>, who was still alive in 1822. When his daughters Eleanor Darby (1822) and Sophia Frances (1823) were baptized, <mask> was living in Highbury Place and was described as a gentleman. His daughter Marianne Maria died at the age of three in April 1833. Career
Before coming into his inheritance, <mask> seems to have carried on his father's business for some time, and in 1828 he said he had been in the business of making looking-glasses for about five years. However, by 1820 the firm's name had become  "Wilcoxon, Harding and Owen", so he may have sold out by then. Sir Christopher Hawkins later gave evidence that in about 1822 a man named Simpson had introduced <mask> to him as someone who had inherited a lot of money and wanted to be a Member of Parliament.At the time, Hawkins could not help, but in 1824 he advised <mask> to try his luck for Penryn in Cornwall. Hawkins had himself been a member in this borough until 1824, and a vacancy had now arisen there due to the death of one of the sitting members, Henry Swann. In the ensuing by-election campaign, the press in Cornwall described <mask> as a banker from London, and according to his own later evidence he had embarked on that career a few months before. Standing as a Tory, he found himself up against a local candidate supported by the corporation of the borough. Polling went on for three days, 300 votes were cast, and <mask> won by six votes, 153 to 147. The election cost him between £2,000 and £3,000, on credit, and none of this had been paid to his creditors by 1826. The House of Commons has no record of <mask> speaking in debates, but he voted against Catholic emancipation on 1 March 21 April, and 10 May 1825.By 1826, <mask> was in trouble, with large debts. Two months after he was elected to parliament, his banking business had collapsed, and trustees were appointed who paid his creditors ten shillings in the pound. Early in 1826, he was thinking of leaving the House of Commons by "taking the Chiltern Hundreds", but there was soon a general election, and he did not stand again. Debtors' prison

On 6 February 1827, <mask> was arrested on an action for a debt of £900 owed to a bank in Falmouth, money lent to him at the outset of his election campaign. On 10 February he was committed to the King's Bench Prison, but he was released on 20 February, having compromised to settle the debt at fourteen shillings in the pound. On 22 June 1827, <mask> faced another king's bench action, this time for £75 owed to Edward Jones, and he was imprisoned until 27 August. During this second period in the gaol, a mock election took place there, from 12 to 16 July 1827.<mask> took part in it, and it was reported that he had "particularly distinguished himself in the frolic, and appeared on each of the days dressed up in the most grotesque manner imaginable". On the final day of the election, the marshal of the prison sent in troops, in the hope of preventing a chairing, and some men, including <mask>, found themselves in "close confinement". The painter <mask> Haydon was himself in the prison for debt at the time and later painted two canvases to mark the occasion, "Chairing the Member" and "The Mock Election". <mask> appears in the second, "attired in the quilt of his bed, and in a yellow turban... pointing, without looking at his opponent, with a sneer". Wearing a blue rosette on his turban, <mask> was one of three candidates, the others being the "Lord Mayor of King's Gate Prison", with a yellow and blue rosette, and an Irishman, Joseph Meredith, wearing a red rosette, who is being instructed in the art of boxing by Henry Hold, a well-known pugilist. Nothing is recorded of <mask>'s life after 1828, when he was called to the House of Lords to give evidence on a bill to disfranchise Penryn, when his replies, particularly on his relationship with Hawkins, were found to be evasive. He denied  the suggestion that Hawkins had lent him £1,000, stating that no such claim on him had been made, and also denied allegations that he had taken part in election bribery.He said almost all of his expenses had gone on food and drink. Death

After release from prison, <mask> went to live in Trinity Square, Southwark, and died there in May 1833. His daughter Eleanor died in 1835, and both were buried in Bunhill Fields. By his will, which mentions no business interests, <mask> left his son <mask> a house in Fenchurch Street, and his life insurance policies worth £3,000 to his daughters. He left £500 to his wife and two smaller bequests of £50 each to Maria Jane Ashmole, her cousin, and <mask> Wise, his nephew. His wife had a life interest in the residue, to go to his children. His executors included his brother-in-law William Harding, but they  renounced their position.<mask> Haydon later outlined <mask>’s life as follows:

Notes

External links
Mr <mask>, parliament.uk

1793 births
1833 deaths
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Penryn
UK MPs 1820–1826

masks:
Robert Stanton
Stanton
Robert Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Robert
Charles Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Robert
Stanton
Robert
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Benjamin Robert
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Robert
Robert Stanton
Benjamin Robert
Stanton
Robert Stanton


text_chunks:
<mask> (born 26 June 1962, Srinagar) is one of India's leading thinkers and writers on Modern and Contemporary History, Political science ,International relations. He was awarded Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009. He is a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University and honorary professor of international relations at the University of Melbourne. He serves as chairman of the governing board of Miranda House, University of Delhi, the highest-ranked women's college in India. He has also been a member of the Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing. In 2002, he was the youngest person to be appointed as vice chancellor of a public university in independent India. <mask>'s advice on policy matters has been sought across political parties and across governments, including by Prime Ministers Atal Behari Vajpayee and Dr Manmohan Singh.Until 19 June 2018, he served as Advisor to the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, with the status of a Cabinet Minister. Following the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, he has offered a political roadmap for securing the future of Jammu and Kashmir. He has been a persistent advocate of multiculturalism and of reconciliation between Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims. Family, early life and education

A son of the academic and writer Neerja <mask> and the forester and civil servant Rajendra <mask>, Amitabh received his early education at the Burn Hall School in Srinagar and then at the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, following which he married Ajita, a member of the 1987 batch of the Indian Railway Accounts Service. He qualified for the Indian Police Service in 1987 and then IAS in 1988 through the combined civil service exam but preferred a career in academics. He went on to earn a DPhil in International Relations from the University of Oxford, writing a history of the campaign for nuclear disarmament. He describes the ten days of youth that he spent in Tihar jail as part of student protests at JNU as a 'life-shaping experience'.<mask> comes from a well-known and progressive Kashmiri Pandit family of Srinagar, which never left the valley during the years of conflict. Before the land reforms in Jammu and Kashmir, his family were among the most influential feudal landlords, aristocrats and administrators in the region. Examining the recent social history of his own ethnic group, <mask> remarks:

Career
<mask> has been a visiting professor at Stanford University, the University of Notre Dame, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has been Chairperson of the Centre for International Politics, Organization and Disarmament at Jawaharlal Nehru University as well as Founder Director and CEO of the Australia India Institute, University of Melbourne and a member of the National Knowledge Commission, a high-level advisory group to the Prime Minister of India. He has also been a member of the advisory board of India's National Security Council, a member of the Indian Prime Minister's Task Force on Global Strategic Developments, on the executive committee and governing council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, and a member of the Indian Prime Minister's High-Level Group on Nuclear Disarmament. He also co-chaired the Knowledge Initiative with the Education Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. The Knowledge Initiative was established by the state government to recommend interventions in schools, colleges and institutions of higher learning to make the education system socially relevant and globally competitive.<mask> has published books on India's nuclear policy and India-Pakistan relations and has written on Kashmir. <mask> has published ten books and more than 100 research articles (including in journals like Survival and Asian Survey). He regularly writes for Indian English-language newspapers such as The Telegraph and The Hindu, and has been a liberally inclined political commentator on national television. <mask> became the youngest Vice-Chancellor of the University of Jammu in November 2002 and continued at this position until December 2008. As a patron of the arts, he was responsible for building a world-class auditorium in Jammu University, which also hosts an art gallery and a museum. Leading Indian artists, including the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts-trained Bengali painter Jogen Chowdhury, have donated their work to the gallery. As president of the Jammu and Kashmir chapter of SPIC MACAY, <mask> was responsible for the university becoming a nationally acclaimed centre of culture.<mask>'s attempts at conflict resolution and peace-building (combining theory with practice) have been publicly acclaimed. He was a member of the committee, appointed by the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir in 2008, which negotiated the Amarnath land transfer controversy, a series of political events that had led to uprisings in Jammu and Kashmir. On 26 June 2011, Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah made an open offer to <mask> to return to his home state and 'advise us' in his capacity as a noted political thinker and academic. On 21 August 2015, <mask> was appointed as Advisor to the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. For over a decade, he chaired the Chaophraya Track 2 Dialogue between India and Pakistan, and is regarded as one of the most creative thinkers on conflict resolution and pathways to build sustainable peace in South Asia. <mask> endorses forgiveness and reconciliation among conflict-embittered South Asian peoples. On 3 February 2011, in a meeting with India's Education Minister Kapil Sibal, <mask> declined to be the Founding Vice-Chancellor of the Central University of Jammu – for which he had been selected by a search committee of eminent academics and approved by the President of India – citing personal reasons.Earlier, he was in the shortlist of three for the Vice-Chancellorship of Jawaharlal Nehru University. On 1 March 2011, the University of Melbourne appointed <mask> as the inaugural director of the Australia India Institute. The chairman of the institute's Board, University of Melbourne Chancellor the Hon. Alex Chernov AO QC (erstwhile Governor of Victoria) announced: "We are delighted to have as Director a person of world-renowned academic and administrative calibre such as Professor <mask>. He has a wealth of experience in areas concerned with university affairs, government and other institutions." <mask> also serves as Professor of International Relations in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Melbourne. <mask> advocates greater economic and political cooperation between Australia and India.In January 2020, he wrote: "After more than six decades characterised by misperception, lack of trust, neglect, missed opportunities and even hostility, a new chapter in India’s relations with Australia has well and truly begun. Consider this: in 1955, Prime Minister Robert Menzies decided that Australia should not take part in the Bandung Afro-Asian conference. By distancing Australia from the ‘new world’, Menzies (who would later confess that Occidentals did not understand India) alienated Indians, offended Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and left Australia unsure for decades about its Asian identity. India and Australia should bring this chequered past to a closure, and herald a new united front for the Indo-Pacific." Awards
Recognizing his contribution to education and public life, the President of India honoured <mask> on the occasion of the Republic Day (2008) with the Padma Shri, one of India's highest civilian awards. This was the first time a Vice-chancellor in Jammu and Kashmir had been so honoured. <mask> was awarded the Qimpro Platinum Standard Award (2008) and was recognised as a 'national statesman' for his work in the field of education along with Anand Mahindra, who was awarded for his leadership in business.In 2016, <mask> was awarded a Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa) degree by the Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Tamil Nadu; and in 2018, the Capital Foundation Award for being an 'outstanding educationist'. <mask> has also received several awards for his contribution to India-Australia relations, including the Asoka Award. References

1962 births
Kashmiri people
University of Notre Dame faculty
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign faculty
Stanford University faculty
Jawaharlal Nehru University faculty
Living people
Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
People from Srinagar
Indian foreign policy writers
Scholars of Indian foreign policy
Scholars from Jammu and Kashmir
University of Jammu

masks:
Amitabh Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Kumar Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo


text_chunks:
<mask> AC (née Hood; 20 June 1938 – 1 June 2015) was an Australian politician who was the 42nd Premier of Victoria, serving from 1990 to 1992. A Labor Party member of the Parliament of Victoria from 1982 to 1994, she was a member of the Legislative Council before later winning a seat in the Legislative Assembly. <mask> was a minister and briefly deputy premier in the government of John Cain Jr., and succeeded him as premier following his resignation. She was Australia's third female head of government and second female premier, Victoria's first, and held the position until her party was defeated in a landslide at the 1992 state election. Early life and career
Born <mask> in Essendon, Melbourne, the only child of John Keith and Beryl Edith (née Cole) Hood, a fitter and turner and music teacher respectively, <mask> was educated at state and private schools. She graduated in arts from the University of Melbourne, and completed a teaching qualification. She taught in state schools and became active in school and parents' organisations.In 1960 she married <mask>, with whom she had three children. She was President of the Victorian Federation of States School Parents' Clubs, an influential education lobby from 1971 to 1977 and its executive officer from 1978 to 1982. She was appointed to several government advisory bodies on education. Entry into state politics
<mask> joined the Labor Party in 1978 and became a member of its Socialist Left faction. In 1982, she was elected as a Labor member of the Victorian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Victorian Parliament. In 1985, she was elected to the Cabinet of John Cain Jr's Labor government and became Minister for Conservation, Forests and Lands. She proposed the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988, the first Australian legislation which gave legal protection of rare species.While Minister, and in association with Heather Mitchell from the Victorian Farmers' Federation, <mask> was instrumental in the formation of the first Landcare groups. At the 1988 election, <mask> shifted to the Legislative Assembly, becoming MP for Williamstown, and was promoted to the Education portfolio. In this portfolio <mask> carried out a series of controversial reforms aimed at reducing what Kirner saw as the class-based inequity of the education system, culminating in a new system of assessment, the Victorian Certificate of Education. Premiership
Later in 1988 <mask> was elected deputy leader of the party and became Deputy Premier of Victoria. When Cain resigned after a collapse in his political support in August 1990, <mask> was elected Labor leader and thus became Victoria's first female Premier. By this time the Labor government was in deep crisis, with some of the state's financial institutions on the brink of insolvency, the budget deficit unsustainably high and growing and the Labor Party deeply divided on how to respond to the situation. The party hoped that the elevation of a popular woman as its new leader would improve its position, but <mask> never succeeded in gaining control of the crisis into which the state had plunged.The conservative-leaning Melbourne newspaper, the Herald Sun, reacted unfavorably to a Premier from the Socialist Left, dubbing her "Mother Russia". She was lampooned alternatively as a sinister commissar and as a frumpy housewife in a polka dot dress. She seemed unfazed by the Herald Sun and gradually won some respect, though she was unable to improve the government's standing significantly. During 1991 and 1992 <mask> took several decisions to cut government spending and raise revenue to some extent, however her government failed to cut spending in many areas including education. Most of the <mask> Government attempts to cut spending were actively opposed by trade unions and some members of the government. The interest bill alone was $3.5 billion per year, the government sold off trains and trams and leased them back. Another decision was the sale of the state-owned State Bank of Victoria to the Commonwealth Bank in 1991.<mask> went into 1992 knowing she faced a statutory general election, one which opinion polls gave her virtually no chance of winning. She waited as long as she could, finally calling an election for October. It was obvious as soon as the writs were dropped that Labor would not win a fourth term. Although she remained personally more popular than the Liberal Opposition Leader, Jeff Kennett, it was not nearly enough to overcome Victorians' growing anger at Labor. The Coalition's "Guilty Party" campaign did much to stoke this anger, targeting many Ministers in the <mask> Government and providing examples of concerns in their portfolios. The campaign attracted controversy with ALP ads stating that if the Liberals won the election it would institute the same policies that were implemented in New Zealand by the then Fourth National Government. New Zealand Prime Minister Jim Bolger responded in reference to the campaign, "You know, they say that the show’s never over until the fat lady sings.Well, I think it was her we heard warming up in the wings this week". The "fat lady" was in reference to <mask> being overweight. Bolger refused to apologize for this remark citing that he himself was overweight and did not want to make "an international incident" out of it. It did, however, anger women from Bolger's own National Party. The Coalition won the election in a landslide, scoring a 19-seat swing—the second-worst defeat that a sitting government has ever suffered in Victoria. The Liberals actually won enough seats that they could have governed in their own right. <mask> remained Opposition Leader for a short period before resigning.She retired from Parliament in 1994 and was succeeded by one of her former aides for the electorate of Williamstown, future premier Steve Bracks. A portrait of Kirner painted by Adelaide artist Annette Bezor in 1994 hangs in Queen's Hall at Parliament House Victoria. Life after Parliament

After leaving Parliament, <mask> remained active in community affairs and politics. Initially this led her to a leading role in the Landcare movement. Subsequently, she devoted her energies to the Australian affiliate of EMILY's List Australia, an organisation which promotes pro-choice women's careers in politics. <mask> was one of the leaders of the movement in the Labor Party to adopt a policy of setting targets for the number of women candidates in winnable electorates. She repeatedly publicly supported candidates identified with her Socialist Left faction.From January 2006, <mask> was the Chair of the Ministerial Advisory Committee for Victorian Communities. <mask> was also a board member of Museum Victoria, operators of Melbourne Museum, Royal Exhibition Building, Scienceworks Museum and Immigration Museum, Melbourne. <mask> was a long-time advocate of abortion law reform to legalise abortion. She was an avid supporter of the Essendon Football Club. In 1993, she famously appeared on The Late Show with colleague David White, MLC for Doutta Galla, in a musical skit performing <mask>'s "I Love Rock 'n' Roll". This brief performance was covered nationally by the media. In an August 2009 interview with GTV-9, <mask> revealed that she had suffered a heavy near-fatal fall at a meeting 18 months earlier.She also revealed that she had osteoporosis and was blind in one eye. Death
In August 2013 it was announced that <mask> had been diagnosed with oesophageal cancer and was undergoing chemotherapy and radiation treatment. <mask> died on 1 June 2015, 19 days short of her 77th birthday. Honours
On 26 January 1980, she was named a Member of the Order of Australia for her community service. On 1 January 2001, <mask> was awarded the Centenary Medal. On 11 June 2012, she was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for "eminent service to the Parliament of Victoria and to the community through conservation initiatives, contributions to gender equality, the development of education and training programs and the pursuit of civil rights and social inclusion." In May 2017 the Victorian Government recognised her legacy by offering 25 scholarships to young women, who will participate in the <mask> Young and Emerging Women Leaders program.In May 2019, the new specialist maternity and paediatric centre at Sunshine Hospital was named the <mask> Kirner Women's and Children's Hospital. One of two tunnel boring machines (TBM) to be utilised on the Metro Tunnel project is named <mask>, in honour of <mask>. This TBM was officially launched on 15 August 2019. See also
 List of female heads of government in Australia

References

External links
 <mask>, <mask> in The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia

1938 births
2015 deaths
Premiers of Victoria
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Deputy Premiers of Victoria
Politicians from Melbourne
University of Melbourne alumni
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Companions of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Centenary Medal
Leaders of the Opposition in Victoria (Australia)
People educated at University High School, Melbourne
Deaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia)
Deaths from esophageal cancer
20th-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian women politicians
Women heads of government of Australian states and territories
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
People educated at Penleigh and Essendon Grammar School

masks:
Joan Elizabeth Kirner
Kirner
Joan Elizabeth Hood
Kirner
Ron Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Joan Jett
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Joan Kirner
Joan
Joan
Kirner
Kirner
Joan Elizabeth


text_chunks:
Seymour "<mask><mask> (March 4, 1907 – August 24, 1948) was an American actor who appeared in 37 Three Stooges short subjects, mostly as a heavy, though he was never credited in any Stooge shorts. Career
Brooklyn-born <mask> was born Seymour Schindel in 1907. He was a former middleweight boxer with 19 fights from 1926 to 1928. He was later bitten by the acting bug, and found work as an extra at Columbia Studios, most notably appearing with comedy team the Three Stooges. A skilled stuntman, <mask> performed many pratfalls himself. His ability to deliver straight, tough dialogue ("youse mugs") made him a natural for parts as heavies. Shorts like Calling All Curs, Nutty But Nice and Fright Night gave <mask> a chance to bully the Stooges around to great effect.In Matri-Phony and Fright Night the ex-pugilist was knocked cold by the trio, only to have the Stooges (concealed behind a curtain) maneuver the unconscious <mask> like a puppet (when Fright Night was remade in 1955 as Fling in the Ring, this footage was reused). <mask> also memorably played Chizzilini, a parody of Benito Mussolini, in the short I'll Never Heil Again. In addition to his work in Three Stooges shorts, <mask> also appeared briefly in It's a Wonderful Life as the bouncer at Nick's, and made numerous film appearances playing mainly blue collar roles such as a truck driver, a butcher and a policeman. Military service and illness
Schindell enlisted in the United States Marine Corps during the 1920s and returned to active service for World War II. While on Guadalcanal, he developed a severe case of jungle rot, which eventually developed into terminal cancer. Knowing he was dying, Schindell worked constantly during his illness to assure his family would be financially secure after his death. <mask> died on August 24, 1948, at age 41, and was buried at Los Angeles National Cemetery, Los Angeles, California.His final film appearance was in 1948's Three Stooges film Crime on Their Hands; heavy makeup was used to mask Schindell's cancer-ridden face. Selected filmography

 Fugitive Lady (1934) - Man (uncredited)
 Murder in the Clouds (1934) - Man at Shooting Gallery (uncredited)
 Stranded (1935) - Bridge Worker (uncredited)
 The Farmer Takes a Wife (1935) - Fight Spectator (uncredited)
 Undersea Kingdom (1936, Serial) - Khan's Guardsman (uncredited)
 Fury (1936) - Townsman (uncredited)
 Bullets or Ballots (1936) - Bookie Who Throws Bag (uncredited)
 The Big Noise (1936) - Schmidt's Henchman (uncredited)
 Two-Fisted Gentleman (1936) - Mahoney
 Dizzy Doctors (1937, Short) - Dr. (1939) - Barker (uncredited)
 The Shadow (1940, Serial) - Streeter (uncredited)
 Rockin' thru the Rockies (1940, Short) - Indian (uncredited)
 Half a Sinner (1940) - Mugg (uncredited)
 Terry and the Pirates (1940, Serial) - Henchman Morgan (uncredited)
 Grandpa Goes to Town (1940) - Smokey
 Men Without Souls (1940) - Harry (uncredited)
 Nutty But Nice (1940, Short) - Butch - Kidnapper (uncredited)
 Millionaires in Prison (1940) - Red Vernon (uncredited)
 How High Is Up? (1940, Short) - Workman with Blake (uncredited)
 The Secret Seven (1940) - Felton (uncredited)
 From Nurse to Worse (1940, Short) - Policeman (uncredited)
 The Leather Pushers (1940) - Referee (uncredited)
 Angels Over Broadway (1940) - Jack (uncredited)
 So You Won't Talk (1940) - Truck Driver (uncredited)
 The Green Archer (1940, Serial) - Darcy (uncredited)
 The Great Plane Robbery (1940) - Hood (uncredited)
 Mysterious Doctor Satan (1940, Serial) - Jake - Biplane Pilot [Ch. 2] (uncredited)
 Boobs in Arms (1940, Short) - Enemy Soldier (uncredited)
 The Face Behind the Mask (1941) - Benson
 The Devil Commands (1941) - Karl
 The Monster and the Girl (1941) - Henchman (uncredited)
 Knockout (1941) - Hawkins Fight Referee (uncredited)
 Penny Serenade (1941) - Elmer - the Bootlegger (uncredited)
 The Spider Returns (1941, Serial) - Henchman Brown [Ch. 1] (uncredited)
 I'll Never Heil Again (1941, Short) - Chizzilini (uncredited)
 The Iron Claw (1941, Serial) - Henchman Red (uncredited)
 No Greater Sin (1941) - Scaturo's Henchman (uncredited)
 Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc. (1941, Serial) - Plant Heavy 8 (uncredited)
 A Yank on the Burma Road (1942) - A Spinaldi Brother (uncredited)
 Jail House Blues (1942) - Prisoner (uncredited)
 Woman of the Year (1942) - Pinkie's Listener in Bar (uncredited)
 Spy Smasher (1942, Serial) - Raygun Thug's Henchman [Ch. 7] (uncredited)
 What's the Matador?

masks:
Cy
" Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell


text_chunks:
<mask>, 1st Baronet,  (; 13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903) was an Irish English physicist and mathematician. Born in County Sligo, Ireland, Stokes spent all of his career at the University of Cambridge, where he was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1849 until his death in 1903. As a physicist, Stokes made seminal contributions to fluid mechanics, including the Navier–Stokes equations and to physical optics, with notable works on polarization and fluorescence. As a mathematician, he popularised "Stokes' theorem" in vector calculus and contributed to the theory of asymptotic expansions. Stokes, along with Felix Hoppe-Seyler, first demonstrated the oxygen transport function of hemoglobin and showed color changes produced by aeration of hemoglobin solutions. Stokes was made a baronet (hereditary knight) by the British monarch in 1889. In 1893 he received the Royal Society's Copley Medal, then the most prestigious scientific prize in the world, "for his researches and discoveries in physical science".He represented Cambridge University in the British House of Commons from 1887 to 1892, sitting as a Conservative. Stokes also served as president of the Royal Society from 1885 to 1890 and was briefly the Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Biography
<mask> was the youngest son of the Reverend Gabriel Stokes (died 1834), a clergyman in the Church of Ireland who served as rector of Skreen, in County Sligo and his wife Elizabeth Haughton, daughter of the Reverend John Haughton. Stokes home life was strongly influenced by his father's evangelical Protestantism: three of his brothers entered the Church,  of whom the most eminent was John Whitley Stokes, Archdeacon of Armagh. John and <mask>  were always close,
and <mask>  lived with John while  attending school in Dublin. Of all his  family  he was closest to his sister Elizabeth. Their mother was remembered in the  family as "beautiful  but
very stern".After attending schools in Skreen, Dublin, and Bristol, in 1837 Stokes matriculated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Four years later he graduated as senior wrangler and first Smith's prizeman, achievements that earned him election of a fellow of the college. In accordance with the college statutes, Stokes had to resign the fellowship when he married in 1857. Twelve years later, under new statutes, he was re-elected to the fellowship and he retained that place until 1902, when on the day before his 83rd birthday, he was elected as the college's Master. Stokes did not hold that position for long, for he died at Cambridge on 1 February the following year, and was buried in the Mill Road cemetery. There is also a memorial to him in the north aisle at Westminster Abbey. Career
In 1849, Stokes was appointed to the Lucasian professorship of mathematics at Cambridge, a position he held until his death in 1903.On 1 June 1899, the jubilee of this appointment was celebrated there in a ceremony, which was attended by numerous delegates from European and American universities. A commemorative gold medal was presented to Stokes by the chancellor of the university and marble busts of Stokes by Hamo Thornycroft were formally offered to Pembroke College and to the university by Lord Kelvin. Stokes, who was made a baronet in 1889, further served his university by representing it in parliament from 1887 to 1892 as one of the two members for the Cambridge University constituency. During a portion of this period (1885–1890) he also was president of the Royal Society, of which he had been one of the secretaries since 1854. Since he was also Lucasian Professor at this time, Stokes was the first person to hold all three positions simultaneously; Newton held the same three, although not at the same time. Stokes was the oldest of the trio of natural philosophers, James Clerk Maxwell and Lord Kelvin being the other two, who especially contributed to the fame of the Cambridge school of mathematical physics in the middle of the 19th century. Stokes's original work began about 1840, and from that date onwards the great extent of his output was less remarkable only than the brilliance of its quality.The Royal Society's catalogue of scientific papers gives the titles of over a hundred memoirs by him published down to 1883. Some of these are only brief notes, others are short controversial or corrective statements, but many are long and elaborate treatises. Contributions to science

In scope, his work covered a wide range of physical inquiry but, as Marie Alfred Cornu remarked in his Rede Lecture of 1899, the greater part of it was concerned with waves and the transformations imposed on them during their passage through various media. Fluid dynamics
His first published papers, which appeared in 1842 and 1843, were on the steady motion of incompressible fluids and some cases of fluid motion. These were followed in 1845 by one on the friction of fluids in motion and the equilibrium and motion of elastic solids, and in 1850 by another on the effects of the internal friction of fluids on the motion of pendulums. To the theory of sound he made several contributions, including a discussion of the effect of wind on the intensity of sound and an explanation of how the intensity is influenced by the nature of the gas in which the sound is produced. These inquiries together put the science of fluid dynamics on a new footing, and provided a key not only to the explanation of many natural phenomena, such as the suspension of clouds in air, and the subsidence of ripples and waves in water, but also to the solution of practical problems, such as the flow of water in rivers and channels, and the skin resistance of ships.Creeping flow

His work on fluid motion and viscosity led to his calculating the terminal velocity for a sphere falling in a viscous medium. This became known as Stokes' law. He derived an expression for the frictional force (also called drag force) exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers. His work is the basis of the falling sphere viscometer, in which the fluid is stationary in a vertical glass tube. A sphere of known size and density is allowed to descend through the liquid. If correctly selected, it reaches terminal velocity, which can be measured by the time it takes to pass two marks on the tube. Electronic sensing can be used for opaque fluids.Knowing the terminal velocity, the size and density of the sphere, and the density of the liquid, Stokes's law can be used to calculate the viscosity of the fluid. A series of steel ball bearings of different diameter is normally used in the classic experiment to improve the accuracy of the calculation. The school experiment uses glycerine as the fluid, and the technique is used industrially to check the viscosity of fluids used in processes. The same theory explains why small water droplets (or ice crystals) can remain suspended in air (as clouds) until they grow to a critical size and start falling as rain (or snow and hail). Similar use of the equation can be made in the settlement of fine particles in water or other fluids. The CGS unit of kinematic viscosity was named "stokes" in recognition of his work. Light

Perhaps his best-known researches are those which deal with the wave theory of light.His optical work began at an early period in his scientific career. His first papers on the aberration of light appeared in 1845 and 1846, and were followed in 1848 by one on the theory of certain bands seen in the spectrum. In 1849 he published a long paper on the dynamical theory of diffraction, in which he showed that the plane of polarisation must be perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Two years later he discussed the colours of thick plates. Stokes also investigated <mask>'s mathematical description of rainbows. Airy's findings involved an integral that was awkward to evaluate. Stokes expressed the integral as a divergent series, which were little understood.However, by cleverly truncating the series (i.e., ignoring all except the first few terms of the series), Stokes obtained an accurate approximation to the integral that was far easier to evaluate than the integral itself. Stokes's research on asymptotic series led to fundamental insights about such series. Fluorescence

In 1852, in his famous paper on the change of wavelength of light, he described the phenomenon of fluorescence, as exhibited by fluorspar and uranium glass, materials which he viewed as having the power to convert invisible ultra-violet radiation into radiation of longer wavelengths that are visible. The Stokes shift, which describes this conversion, is named in Stokes's honour. A mechanical model, illustrating the dynamical principle of Stokes's explanation was shown. The offshoot of this, Stokes line, is the basis of Raman scattering. In 1883, during a lecture at the Royal Institution, Lord Kelvin said he had heard an account of it from Stokes many years before, and had repeatedly but vainly begged him to publish it.Polarization

In the same year, 1852, there appeared the paper on the composition and resolution of streams of polarised light from different sources, and in 1853 an investigation of the metallic reflection exhibited by certain non-metallic substances. The research was to highlight the phenomenon of light polarisation. About 1860 he was engaged in an inquiry on the intensity of light reflected from, or transmitted through, a pile of plates; and in 1862 he prepared for the British Association a valuable report on double refraction, a phenomenon where certain crystals show different refractive indices along different axes. Perhaps the best known crystal is Iceland spar, transparent calcite crystals. A paper on the long spectrum of the electric light bears the same date, and was followed by an inquiry into the absorption spectrum of blood. Chemical analysis
The chemical identification of organic bodies by their optical properties was treated in 1864; and later, in conjunction with the Rev. William Vernon Harcourt, he investigated the relation between the chemical composition and the optical properties of various glasses, with reference to the conditions of transparency and the improvement of achromatic telescopes.A still later paper connected with the construction of optical instruments discussed the theoretical limits to the aperture of microscope objectives. Other work

In other departments of physics may be mentioned his paper on the conduction of heat in crystals (1851) and his inquiries in connection with Crookes radiometer; his explanation of the light border

masks:
Sir George Gabriel Stokes
George Stokes
George
George
George Airy


text_chunks:
 frequently noticed in photographs just outside the outline of a dark body seen against the sky (1882); and, still later, his theory of the x-rays, which he suggested might be transverse waves travelling as innumerable solitary waves, not in regular trains. Two long papers published in 1849 – one on attractions and Clairaut's theorem, and the other on the variation of gravity at the surface of the earth (1849) – Stokes' gravity formula—also demand notice, as do his mathematical memoirs on the critical values of sums of periodic series (1847) and on the numerical calculation of a class of definite integrals and infinite series (1850) and his discussion of a differential equation relating to the breaking of railway bridges (1849), research related to his evidence given to the Royal Commission on the Use of Iron in Railway structures after the Dee Bridge disaster of 1847. Unpublished research
Many of Stokes' discoveries were not published, or were only touched upon in the course of his oral lectures. One such example is his work in the theory of spectroscopy. In his presidential address to the British Association in 1871, Lord Kelvin stated his belief that the application of the prismatic analysis of light to solar and stellar chemistry had never been suggested directly or indirectly by anyone else when Stokes taught it to him at Cambridge University some time prior to the summer of 1852, and he set forth the conclusions, theoretical and practical, which he learnt from Stokes at that time, and which he afterwards gave regularly in his public lectures at Glasgow. These statements, containing as they do the physical basis on which spectroscopy rests, and the way in which it is applicable to the identification of substances existing in the sun and stars, make it appear that Stokes anticipated Kirchhoff by at least seven or eight years.Stokes, however, in a letter published some years after the delivery of this address, stated that he had failed to take one essential step in the argument—not perceiving that emission of light of definite wavelength not merely permitted, but necessitated, absorption of light of the same wavelength. He modestly disclaimed "any part of Kirchhoff's admirable discovery," adding that he felt some of his friends had been over-zealous in his cause. It must be said, however, that English men of science have not accepted this disclaimer in all its fullness, and still attribute to Stokes the credit of having first enunciated the fundamental principles of spectroscopy. In another way, too, Stokes did much for the progress of mathematical physics. Soon after he was elected to the Lucasian chair he announced that he regarded it as part of his professional duties to help any member of the university in difficulties he might encounter in his mathematical studies, and the assistance rendered was so real that pupils were glad to consult him, even after they had become colleagues, on mathematical and physical problems in which they found themselves at a loss. Then during the thirty years he acted as secretary of the Royal Society he exercised an enormous if inconspicuous influence on the advancement of mathematical and physical science, not only directly by his own investigations, but indirectly by suggesting problems for inquiry and inciting men to attack them, and by his readiness to give encouragement and help. Contributions to engineering

Stokes was involved in several investigations into railway accidents, especially the Dee Bridge disaster in May 1847, and he served as a member of the subsequent Royal Commission into the use of cast iron in railway structures.He contributed to the calculation of the forces exerted by moving engines on bridges. The bridge failed because a cast iron beam was used to support the loads of passing trains. Cast iron is brittle in tension or bending, and many other similar bridges had to be demolished or reinforced. He appeared as an expert witness at the Tay Bridge disaster, where he gave evidence about the effects of wind loads on the bridge. The centre section of the bridge (known as the High Girders) was completely destroyed during a storm on 28 December 1879, while an express train was in the section, and everyone aboard died (more than 75 victims). The Board of Inquiry listened to many expert witnesses, and concluded that the bridge was "badly designed, badly built and badly maintained". As a result of his evidence, he was appointed a member of the subsequent Royal Commission into the effect of wind pressure on structures.The effects of high winds on large structures had been neglected at that time, and the commission conducted a series of measurements across Britain to gain an appreciation of wind speeds during storms, and the pressures they exerted on exposed surfaces. Work on religion

Stokes generally held conservative religious values and beliefs. In 1886, he became president of the Victoria Institute, which had been founded to defend evangelical Christian principles against challenges from the new sciences, especially the Darwinian theory of biological evolution. He gave the 1891 Gifford lecture on natural theology. He was also the vice-president of the British and Foreign Bible Society and was actively involved in doctrinal debates concerning missionary work. However, although his religious views were mostly orthodox, he was unusual among Victorian evangelicals in rejecting eternal punishment in hell, and instead was a proponent of Conditionalism. As President of the Victoria Institute, Stokes wrote: "We all admit that the book of Nature and the book of Revelation come alike from God, and that consequently there can be no real discrepancy between the two if rightly interpreted.The provisions of Science and Revelation are, for the most part, so distinct that there is little chance of collision. But if an apparent discrepancy should arise, we have no right on principle, to exclude either in favour of the other. For however firmly convinced we may be of the truth of revelation, we must admit our liability to err as to the extent or interpretation of what is revealed; and however strong the scientific evidence in favour of a theory may be, we must remember that we are dealing with evidence which, in its nature, is probable only, and it is conceivable that wider scientific knowledge might lead us to alter our opinion". Personal life
He married, on 4 July 1857 at St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, Mary Susanna Robinson, daughter of the astronomer Rev Thomas Romney Robinson. They had five children: Arthur Romney, who inherited the baronetcy; Susanna Elizabeth, who died in infancy; Isabella Lucy (Mrs Laurence Humphry) who contributed the personal memoir of her father in "Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of the Late <mask> Stokes, Bart"; Dr <mask> Gabriel, physician, a troubled man who committed suicide aged 30 whilst temporarily insane; and Dora Susanna, who died in infancy. His male line and hence his baronetcy is extinct but through the female line he is survived by one great great grandson, one great great granddaughter, and three great great great grandchildren. Legacy and honours

Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University
From the Royal Society, of which he became a fellow in 1851, he received the Rumford Medal in 1852 in recognition of his inquiries into the wavelength of light, and later, in 1893, the Copley Medal.In 1869 he presided over the Exeter meeting of the British Association. From 1883 to 1885 he was Burnett lecturer at Aberdeen, his lectures on light, which were published in 1884–1887, dealing with its nature, its use as a means of investigation, and its beneficial effects. On 18 April 1888 he was admitted as a Freeman of the City of London. On 6 July 1889 Queen Victoria made him a Baronet as <mask> Gabriel Stokes of Lensfield Cottage in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom; the title became extinct in 1916. In 1891, as Gifford lecturer, he published a volume on Natural Theology. Member of the Prussian Order Pour le Mérite
His academic distinctions included honorary degrees from many universities, including
Doctor mathematicae (honoris causa) from the Royal Frederick University on 6 September 1902, when they celebrated the centennial of the birth of mathematician Niels Henrik Abel. The stokes, a unit of kinematic viscosity, is named after him.In July 2017, Dublin City University named a building after Stokes in recognition of his contributions to physics and mathematics. Publications
Stokes's mathematical and physical papers (see external links) were published in a collected form in five volumes; the first three (Cambridge, 1880, 1883, and 1901) under his own editorship, and the two last (Cambridge, 1904 and 1905) under that of Sir Joseph Larmor, who also selected and arranged the Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of Stokes published at Cambridge in 1907. See also
Stokes flow

References

Further reading
Wilson, David B., Kelvin and Stokes A Comparative Study in Victorian Physics, (1987)

Peter R Lewis, Beautiful Railway Bridge of the Silvery Tay: Reinvestigating the Tay Bridge Disaster of 1879, Tempus (2004). PR Lewis, Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847, Tempus Publishing (2007)
 <mask> Stokes: Life, Science and Faith Edited by Mark McCartney, Andrew Whitaker, and Alastair Wood, Oxford University Press, 2019. External links

 Biography on Dublin City University Web site
  (1907), ed. by J. Larmor
 Mathematical and physical papers volume 1 and volume 2 from the Internet Archive
 Mathematical and physical papers, volumes 1 to 5 from the University of Michigan Digital Collection. Life and work of Stokes
 Natural Theology (1891), Adam and Charles Black.(1891–93 Gifford Lectures)

1819 births
1903 deaths
People from County Sligo
19th-century Anglo-Irish people
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Fellows of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Irish mathematicians
Irish physicists
British physicists
Optical physicists
19th-century British mathematicians
Fluid dynamicists
Irish Anglicans
Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
UK MPs 1886–1892
Viscosity
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Senior

masks:
George Gabriel
William George
Sir George
George Gabriel


text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 3 September 1988, in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. A former top 10 singles player, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 6 on 29 February 2016, and a best WTA doubles ranking of 11, on 27 April 2015, and won two singles and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She first came to prominence by reaching the quarterfinals of the 2008 French Open as a qualifier, in what was her first appearance in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament. That year she also began representing Spain in the 2008 Fed Cup. She reached another six Grand Slam quarterfinals in her career. These events were the 2009 Australian Open, where she defeated Venus Williams en route, the 2013 US Open, where she lost to eventual champion Serena Williams, the 2014 French Open, where she lost in three sets to Eugenie Bouchard, the 2016 Australian Open, where she lost to Agnieszka Radwańska, the 2018 Australian Open, where she was defeated by eventual champion Caroline Wozniacki, and the 2018 US Open, where she lost to Madison Keys.In September 2020, she was diagnosed with Hodgkin Lymphoma just months after announcing her retirement from tennis. The following year, she was declared cancer-free and returned to the tour. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in the Canary Islands to handball player José Luís <mask> and former gymnast Lali <mask>. She started playing tennis when she was nine and moved to Barcelona in 2007 in order to train at the Pro-Ab Team Tennis Academy. She admires Steffi Graf, Lleyton Hewitt, Justine Henin and Michael Jordan. Career

2008–2009

At the French Open, <mask> <mask> reached the quarterfinals of her first Grand Slam main-draw tournament. After three qualifying matches she defeated former world No.1, Amélie Mauresmo, in the second round 6–3, 6–4, Australian Casey Dellacqua in the third round, and 26th-seeded Italian Flavia Pennetta in the fourth round 6–3, 6–2. <mask> <mask> then lost to third-seeded Jelena Janković in the quarterfinals 3–6, 2–6. At Wimbledon, she lost to second-seeded Janković in the second round 1–6, 3–6. <mask> <mask> reached the second Grand Slam quarterfinal of her career at the 2009 Australian Open before being defeated by Elena Dementieva, 6–2, 6–2. She upset Venus Williams in the second round 2–6, 6–3, 7–5. This was her first win over a top-10 player. In March, <mask> <mask> reached her first final on the WTA Tour at the Andalucia Tennis Experience, a clay court event in Marbella, Spain.She lost to Jelena Janković in the final 3–6, 6–3, 3–6. At Roland Garros seeded 22, she defeated Edina Gallovits 6–1, 6–4 and Lucie Hradecká 6–2, 6–4, before losing to Victoria Azarenka in the third round 7–5, 5–7, 2–6. At Wimbledon, <mask> <mask> defeated No. 25 Kaia Kanepi in the first round and Ekaterina Makarova in the second. She faced defending champion Venus Williams for the first time since the 2009 Australian Open but was unable to repeat the upset win, losing 0–6, 4–6. 2010
<mask> <mask> had a good start to 2010, making the second round of the Auckland Open before losing to top seed Flavia Pennetta, in straight sets. She then made the quarterfinal of the Hobart International losing to No.2 seed Shahar Pe'er in a close three-setter. At the Australian Open, <mask> <mask> made it to the third round before losing to top seed, the defending (and eventual) champion Serena Williams, 0–6, 3–6. She was upset in the first round of the Copa Colsanitas by world No. 198, Kristina Antoniychuk, 1–6, 4–6, then made it to the semifinals of the Mexican Open in Acapulco before losing to Polona Hercog 3–6, 5–7. Unseeded at the Indian Wells Open, <mask> <mask> reached the fourth round, losing to Alisa Kleybanova 6–2, 6–7, 4–6. Along the way, she gained one of the biggest wins of her career by defeating world No. 3 and top seed Svetlana Kuznetsova, 6–4, 4–6, 6–1 in the second round.She reached the final of the Andalucia Tennis Experience in Marbella for the second year in a row, losing to Flavia Pennetta 2–6, 6–4, 3–6. Suarez <mask> suffered an ankle injury at the tournament in Fes, Morocco. She returned to play in the French Open, losing her first-round match to Olga Govortsova 6–7, 1–6, she remained sidelined until the US Open. 2011
<mask> began the season at Auckland. As the ninth seed, she was upset in round two by Heather Watson. She also lost early in Hobart to Alberta Brianti. Going into the Australian Open, she defeated American Christina McHale by 4–6, 6–3, 6–4; but lost to eventual titlist Kim Clijsters of Belgium in the following round.Next she represented Spain at the Fed Cup against Estonia in Tallinn, where she had a 1–1 record; getting past Anett Kontaveit but falling to Kaia Kanepi. Then, <mask> followed an early loss in Paris with a semifinal and a quarterfinal, in Bogotá and Acapulco, respectively. An elbow injury caused her to stop playing for two and a half months and withdraw from Roland Garros. She returned to the competition at the Open de Marseille, where she beat Sun Shengnan and Aleksandra Wozniak to make the quarterfinals, but was beaten by home crowd favourite Pauline Parmentier. She failed to qualify for Wimbledon, losing to Ekaterina Ivanova in round two. In early September, <mask> reached round four of the US Open for the first time, defeating Mathilde Johansson, Simona Halep and compatriot Silvia Soler Espinosa. However, her run was ended by Andrea Petkovic.2012: Olympics debut
<mask> <mask> was impressive in the French Open, reaching the third round. In the first round, <mask> <mask> comfortably beat Tamarine Tanasugarn, 6–0, 6–2. In the second round she faced Sesil Karatantcheva of Kazakhstan, and beat her 4–6, 6–4, 6–1. In the third round she lost to Yaroslava Shvedova, also from Kazakhstan, 6–4, 7–5, who had just returned from an injury. At Wimbledon <mask> <mask> only made it to the first round, but it was against fifth seed Samantha Stosur of Australia, she was defeated 1–6, 3–6. At the Italiacom Open, she reached the quarterfinals, losing to Laura Robson 4–6, 6–2, 3–6. At the London Olympics, she beat Samantha Stosur in a thrilling first-round match, 3–6, 7–5, 10–8, avenging her first round defeat to the Australian at Wimbledon the previous month.2015: Top 10 ranking
At the Australian Open she lost in the first round to Carina Witthöft in straight sets. At the Indian Wells Open, she reached the quarterfinals before losing to Simona Halep in three sets. Her good form on the U.S. hardcourts continued with a run to her first Premier Mandatory final at Miami. She defeated Agnieszka Radwańska, Venus Williams and Andrea Petkovic before losing, 2–6, 0–6, in the final to Serena Williams. Despite this defeat she entered the top ten of the world rankings for the first time in her career. Another good run at the Madrid Open resulted in a quarterfinal defeat to Williams, again in straight sets. In Rome at the Internazionali BNL d'Italia she reached her first final at Premier 5 level.She recorded three victories over top ten players at the same event for the first time, with victories over Eugenie Bouchard, Petra Kvitová and Simona Halep before losing to Maria Sharapova in three sets. At the French Open she was seeded eighth. She lost to Jelena Ostapenko in the first round of Wimbledon that year, and her results for the rest of the year were inauspicious apart from reaching the quarterfinals in Moscow in October and a crushing 6–0, 6–0 victory over an injured Andrea Petkovic at Zhuhai in November. <mask> ended the year ranked 13th. 2016: Australian Open quarterfinal, top 10 return, first Premier 5 title, career-high ranking as world No. 6
<mask> <mask> made a good start to the year. She reached the semifinals at Brisbane, losing to Angelique Kerber, and the quarterfinals of the Australian Open, losing to Agnieszka Radwańska.As a result, she moved back up to world No. 8 on February 1. She then defeated Jelena Janković in Spain's Fed Cup tie against Serbia. At the Dubai Tennis Championships, she received a first round bye but fell to eventual semifinalist Caroline Garcia. Her next tournament was the Qatar Open where she also received a first-round bye and defeated Donna Vekić, Timea Bacsinszky, Elena Vesnina and Agnieszka Radwańska en route to the final, ensuring a new career-high ranking of world No. 6. She then avenged her first round loss to Jelena Ostapenko in the previous year's Wimbledon with a three set win over Ostapenko, earning her first Premier title and her biggest title to date.At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she reached the third round, beating Ana Ivanovic and Ana Konjuh. 2021: Comeback and retirement farewell tour
In April 2021, <mask> <mask> announced that her cancer was in complete remission, and that she would commence a farewell tour beginning at Roland-Garros and culminating in a final US Open appearance. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, she reached again the second round where she was defeated by 5th seed Karolina Plíšková. <mask> <mask> retired after Spain’s elimination from the Billie Jean King Cup Finals. Her final matches in singles and doubles took place during Spain’s previous tie against Slovakia. Playing style
<mask> <mask> uses a single-handed backhand, unlike most female players of her era. She has said in interviews that her favorite shot is her cross-court backhand and that her favourite surfaces are clay and hard.Frew McMillan has said, "There's  something of Justine Henin about her game. She has a great variety of shots." Apparel and equipment
<mask> <mask> wears Lotto clothing and shoes and uses Wilson racquets. Personal life
<mask> <mask> is openly gay. Career statistics

Grand Slam performance timelines

Singles

Doubles

References

External links

 <mask> <mask>'s CoreTennis Profile

1988 births
Living people
Spanish female tennis players
Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of Spain
Sportspeople from Las Palmas
Lesbian sportswomen
LGBT tennis players
LGBT sportspeople from Spain
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Carla Suárez Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Navarro
Carla
Suárez
Suárez
Carla Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Carla Suárez
Navarro
Carla
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Suárez
Navarro
Carla Suárez
Navarro