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Nicomedes "<mask><mask> (; May 4, 1917 – April 29, 2004) was a Filipino writer and journalist best known for his short stories and novels in the English language. He also wrote using the pen name Quijano de Manila. <mask> was conferred the rank and title of National Artist of the Philippines for Literature. He has been considered one of the most important Filipino writers, along with José Rizal and Claro M. Recto. Unlike Rizal and Recto, whose works were written in Spanish, <mask>'s major works were written in English despite being a native Spanish speaker. Before becoming one of the leading practitioners of Philippine literature in English, he was a seminarian in Hong Kong – who later realized that he could better serve God and humanity by being a writer. This is reflected in the content and style of his works, as he emphasizes the need to restore national consciousness through important elements in Catholic Spanish Heritage.In his self-confessed mission as a writer, he is a sort of "cultural apostle", whose purpose is to revive interest in Philippine national life through literature – and provide the necessary drive and inspiration for a fuller comprehension of their cultural background. His awareness of the significance of the past to the present is part of a concerted effort to preserve the spiritual tradition and the orthodox faith of the Catholic past – which he perceives as the only solution to our modern ills. Biography

Early life & family

Nicomedes “<mask><mask> y Marquez, fondly called “Onching” by close family and friends was born on May 4, 1917, in Paco, Manila. There are varying accounts on the date of his birth, some cite it as September 15, 1917. This could stem from how <mask> himself refrained from revealing his date of birth because he disliked the fuss of people coming over and celebrating his birthday. <mask> was the fifth out of the ten children of Don Leocadio <mask> and Salomé Marquez. Don Leocadio fought in the Philippine Revolution by the side of his friend General Emilio Aguinaldo, and reached the position of Colonel.He retired after he was wounded in action and moved on to a prolific career as a lawyer in Manila and the southern province of Laguna. Salomé Marquez was a well-educated woman who taught in a Manila public school. She was trained by Americans in English to teach at the public schools when the United States colonized the Philippines. The <mask> family lived in a two-story residential and commercial building, greatly uncommon at that time, on Herran Street (now Pedro Gil Street) in Paco, Manila. <mask> was said to have had an extremely happy childhood. The <mask> children were tutored in Spanish & piano, and the children were encouraged to have an interest in the arts. The <mask> household communicated in Spanish and heard mass regularly.<mask> is a notably devout Christian and continued being so his whole life. The <mask>s had lived a handsome life until Don Leocadio lost the family fortune in a failed investment on an oil exploration project in the late 1920s. The family moved out of their Herran home and into a rented house in Pasay. Don Leocadio passed not long after. The young <mask> was only twelve years old and this signalled a big change in their family. Education

<mask> attended Paco Elementary School and went to Mapa High School for secondary education. However, in his third year informed his mother that he wanted to drop out because he felt that the classroom was too confined for him and that he learned more outside of it.His mother Salomé, a former teacher, was devastated by the news, but still allowed him to do so. After leaving school, <mask> worked as an apprentice in a bakery in Pasay and later on in the publishing company TVT (Tribune-Vanguardia-Taliba.) This allowed him a small taste of an industry he would spend most of his life in. An avid reader, <mask>, used this time to pursue his passion for it. He was described as having a “rabid and insane love for books” by his sister-in-law Sarah K<mask>. His parents had encouraged his interest in books early on. He already had a borrower's card at the National Library when he was ten.He purveyed his father's personal library and loved the bookstores in downtown Manila. He read voraciously and intently, he read everything that had caught his eye. He enjoyed the “poetry of Edna St. Vincent Millay and Vachel Lindsay to the stories of Anton Chekhov, to the novels of Dostoyevsky, D. H. Lawrence, and Willa Cather. He read American magazines (Saturday Evening Post, Cosmopolitan, Harper’s Magazine) and discovered the fiction of Booth Tarkington, Somerset Maugham, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ernest Hemingway.”

Career beginnings
Very early on, <mask> was already exploring his literary voice. At age 17, he published his first English poem about Don Quixote, in the literary section of the pre-World War II Tribune, where he worked as a proofreader. It was accepted by the writer and editor Serafin Lanot. <mask> had felt a strong connection with the story of Don Quixote; he felt like he could identify with the character.Later in life, he used a similar iteration of Quixote in his various pen names, Quijano de Pacó and Quijano de Manila. A little later, in 1937 he published his first short story in the Sunday Tribune Magazine, “The Sorrows of Vaudeville” telling the story of the vaudevilles in Manila—a city he was endlessly enamored by. It was accepted by the writer and editor Serafin Lanot. After <mask> won a nationwide essay competition to honor La Naval de Manila, sponsored by the Dominican Order, the University of Santo Tomas awarded him an honorary Associate in Arts (A.A.) and a scholarship to St. Albert's Convent, the Dominican monastery in Hong Kong. There he was once again close to his family's original goal for him to enter the seminary. <mask> and his family were devoutly Christian. He notably heard mass daily and was fond of praying the Holy Rosary.He only stayed in Hong Kong for two years before returning to Manila. <mask> continued publishing stories and poems between 1934 and 1941 in the Herald Mid-Week Magazine and the Sunday Tribune Magazine. The Commonwealth years were a particularly vibrant era in Philippine literature. Later, the Japanese occupation closed down the Tribune and other publications. The young <mask> had to look for ways to support his family. Throughout the occupation, <mask> had continued writing. “The Woman Who Felt Like Lazarus” and the essay “La Naval de Manila” were borne out of this war period <mask> had detested.His work had appeared in the Philippine Review, an English-language journal, in 1943. His story, "It Was Later Than We Thought" and his translation of Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios were also published. He was beginning to spark an interest from readers. However, the reticent <mask> shied away from recognition. He had created this mysterious and distant author. Career
After returning to the Philippines, <mask> joined the Philippines Free Press, starting as a proofreader. He soon attracted notice for his poems, stories and plays, as well as his journalism under the pen name Quijano de Manila.His journalism was both intellectual and provocative, an unknown genre in the Philippines at that time, and raised the country's level of reportage. <mask> deeply admired José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, paying him tribute in such books as The Storyteller's New Medium – Rizal in Saga, The Complete Poems and Plays of Jose Rizal, and A Question of Heroes: Essays in Criticism on Ten Key Figures of Philippine History. He translated the hero's valedictory poem, in the original Spanish Mi Ultimo Adios, as "Land That I Love, Farewell!". [5]

<mask> represented the Philippines at the International PEN Congress in Tokyo in 1957, and was appointed as a member of the Motion Pictures commission under presidents Diosdado Macapagal and Ferdinand E. Marcos. [5]

After being honored as National Artist, <mask> used his position to work for intellectual freedom in society. He secured the release of imprisoned writer José F. Lacaba.At a ceremony on Mount Makiling attended by First Lady Imelda Marcos, <mask> delivered an invocation to Maria  Makiling a diwata and the mountain's mythical maiden. <mask> touched on the importance of freedom and the artist. After that, <mask> was excluded by the Marcos regime as a speaker at important cultural events. [5]

<mask> died of cardiac arrest in the early morning of April 29, 2004, at his home in San Juan, Metro Manila. He was then editor of Philippine Graphic magazine, where he worked with Juan P. Dayang, the magazine's first publisher. <mask> was also publisher of its sister publication, Mirror Weekly, a women's magazine, and wrote the column “Small Beer” for the Philippine Daily Inquirer and Isyu, an opinion tabloid. [5]

Works

Recognition
Literary prominence, as measured by different English critics, is said to rest upon one of <mask>'s published books entitled “Prose and Poems” which was published in 1952.Published in this book are the poems “Three Generations”, “May Day Eve”, “After the Picnic”, “The Legend of the Dying Wanton”, “The Legend of the Virgin Jewel;”, “It Was Later than we Thought”. Among these, the first of the mentioned written works were deliberated by editors Seymour Laurence and Jose Garcia Villa as a “short story masterpiece” (1953). The poem was also chosen as the best short story published in the Philippine Press between March 1943 and November 1944. <mask>, as a member of the Philippine Free Press staff, submits weekly articles which are published under his pen name Quijano de Manila. Additionally, he was chosen journalist of the year in the 11th National Press Club-Esso Journalism awards in 1996. He was nominated by Free Press Editor Teodoro Locsin who mentions that the journalistic work of <mask> has raised the journalism to the level of literature. [1]

The literary ability of <mask> allowed him to earn multiple distinction and honors in the field of Philippine literature.On June 1, 1973, he won in the Seato Literary Award Contest for his submitted collection of short stories and poem. While on May 27, 1976, he was a recipient of one of the nation's most prestigious awards which carried material emoluments besides honors and privileges. He was conferred the title of “National Artist for Literature” by the former president and Mrs. Marcos during the special rites at the Cultural Center of the Philippines in 1976, on the condition that the Regime release Pete Lacaba, the author of the poem "Prometheus Unbound" from detention. [1]

Themes & motifs
In a critical study of his prose and poems, the subjects depicted his nostalgia for the past, church rituals, legends, the mysterious, the different shades of evil, the power of the basic emotions over culture, the freedom of the will against fate, the mutability of the human body compared to the spirit, and the like. They are often set in old Manila, the walled city of Intramuros, and sometimes Paco – as a symbol of congruence, the glory and culture of the past, rather than a geographical concept. His characters are mostly cultured intellectuals of past generations, while the opposing characters are usually from the materialistic modern age. Unless they are portrayed to adjust better than old men, women seldom have significant roles in this cultured world of the past.Theology of culture
Critics of <mask>'s works mention the presence of theological dimensions in his writings. These critics, such as Lumbera, referred to <mask> as the most stimulating lay theologian, 1968. Such examples of works containing theological dimensions include “"Doña Jeronima”, “The Legend of the Dying Wanton” and “The Mass of St. Sylvestre” whose themes are said to be drawn from Spanish traditions. Stories from Tropical Goth, although not as obvious according to critics, possessed a Christian background but there were arguments made that what is Christian is not necessarily theological. Different analysis of <mask>'s works on these stories found in Tropical Goth reveal the use of primordial and pagan symbols. There is a fixation towards brute and the cult. Critics mention that while there are theological levels present in these stories, these were more at the folk level than dogmatic and were more reflective rather than perspective.These were then referred to as reflections of the theology of culture. [9]

Ethical aspects
Different Analysis of <mask>'s work, mainly “The Woman Who Had Two Navels” and stories from “Tropical Gothic”, have led critics to mention the theme of individual free will as seen in the emphasis of choice and free will in the mentioned stories. This is found, in what

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 critics refer to, as <mask>'s level of morality which they mention as what makes his stories expressively theological. [9]

History or time
A theological theme revealed in the Early <mask> works is the emphasis on history and time. These are evident, according to critics, in works such as “May Day Eve”. “Guardia de Honor”, and “The Order of Melchizedek” and while not as obvious, were present as thematic backgrounds in “Doña Jeronima”, “The Legend of the Dying Wanton”, “The Summer Solstice”, and “The Mass of St. Sylvestre”. This theme comes in the form of fixation with time and patterns of recurrence as described by critics as nostalgia, which is said to show emphasis on the past.Critics make a connection of this theological reality used by <mask> to reflect Philippine culture and the intermingling of Christian and pagan values. [9]

Rejection of colonial self
According to critics, <mask> is said to be a writer who sees the essence of being Filipino in the return to the Filipino's pre-Hispanic past. National identity is a very important topic for <mask> as evident in his works such as La Naval de Manila, After the Picnic and Summer Solstice. Noticeably in his works namely After the Picnic and Summer Solstice, the recurring theme of the rejection of the colonial self can be seen in the conflicts of the protagonist such as Chedeng, from After the Picnic, to reject Father Chavez's white-ego-ideals. In Chedeng's attempt to assert one's identity through rejection of the colonial self-imposed by society, she is confronted into choosing whether she would obliged with the white-ego ideal which asserts her security or rejection of the white-ego-ideal. <mask> also, every now and then, motleys this theme with other themes such as gender conflict, which can be evident in After the Picnic and Summer Solstice. A good example of <mask>'s blending of themes is Summer Solstice, wherein he conflates gender conflict with colonial conflict, noticeable in the assertion of Doña Lupeng in the reclamation of the power of patriarchy by womanhood.Criticism

Early Nick Joaquin
Tropical Gothic was reviewed in Philippine studies by H.B. Furay, Lourdes Busuego Pabo, and Emmanuel Lacaba. Critics describe this as the end of what they refer to as the Early Joaquin. Attempting to characterize stories of Tropic Goth as what critics referred to as a product of the Early <mask> would be deceptive for it was written, along with majority of his works, during the thirties. Critics referred to the publication years of 1946 -1966 as most significant in terms of the works produced. They also referred to these years as the time wherein <mask> was recognized as a first rank writer in the Philippines. Works included in these years include “Prose and Poems” (1952), three stories in the “Free Press” (1965 - 1966) and The portrait of the Artist as a Filipino.Included in the first edition of <mask>'s “Prose and Poems” were the titles “The Woman Who had Two Navels” (1961) and “La Naval de Manila” (1964). Emmanuel Lacaba, member of Philippine Studies, argues that the three Free Press Stories known as “Candido’s Apocalypse”, “"Doña Jeronima”, and “The Order of Melchizedek”, were considered works under the older <mask> given the gap between these works and the earlier stories of “Prose and Poems”. Despite the gap, Lacaba argues that there is a recurring theme present in the later works of <mask>. In Emmanuel Lacaba's criticism, he mentions the radical change in language, mainly through the dialogue used. Early <mask>, as Lacaba described through the example of Tropical Goth, made use of “lush” language as well as “baroque” once the readers get past the words used. Similar cases for “Candido’s Apocalypse” and “The Order of Melchizedek” which show more similarities than differences in the way of sentence patterns used. [9]

Critics, such as Furay, define Early <mask> through his nine stories of Tropic Gothic which emphasizes his talents in Philippine writing in English.Additionally, through the mention of works such as “Prose and Poems” (1952) and the three additional “Free Press stories” (1972), critics argue that the greatness of his writing lies in his themes used as well as deep intellectual analysis of Philippine culture embedded in his writing style. [9]

Late <mask>
The Late <mask> is defined by critics as the time 10 years after his absence from the field of fiction. These years, as defined by Lacaba, were about <mask> devoting himself entirely to Free Press and journalistic writing. This was defined by <mask> the essayist. He wrote under the pseudonym of Quijano de Manila. The beginning of Late <mask> was seen after he had published two significant essays and three plays after 1975. Publications of Late <mask> still deal with similar themes of history, paganism and Christianity and morality.His published article, The Manila Review on “Culture of History” represent his philosophy of the past which underlies many of his early works. Critics emphasizes that in the later works, there is a sharper emphasis on freedom and choice as seen in his publication in December 1975 titled “Fathers and Sons: A Melodrama in Three Reels” which was a dramatization of his earlier story “Three Generations”. [9]

Bibliography

May Day Eve (1947)
Prose and Poems (1952)
The House On Zapote Street (1960)
The Woman Who had Two Navels (1961)
La Naval de Manila and Other Essays (1964)
A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1966)
Tropical Gothic (1972)
A Question of Heroes (1977)
Joseph Estrada and Other Sketches (1977)
Nora Aunor & Other Profiles (1977)
Ronnie Poe & Other Silhouettes (1977)
Reportage on Lovers  (1977)
Reportage on Crime (1977)
Amalia Fuentes & Other Etchings (1977)
Gloria Diaz & Other Delineations (1977)
Doveglion & Other Cameos (1977)
Language of the Streets and Other Essays (1977)
Manila: Sin City and Other Chronicles (1977)
Pop Stories for Groovy Kids (1979)
Reportage on the Marcoses (1979)
Language of the Street and Other Essays (1980)
The Ballad of the Five Battles (1981)
Reportage on Politics (1981)
Tropical Baroque (1982)
The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay on History as Three Generations (1983)
Almanac for Manileños
Cave and Shadows (1983)
The Quartet of the Tiger Moon: Scenes from the People Power Apocalypse (1986)
Collected Verse (1987)
Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Philippine Becoming (1988)
Intramuros (1988) (Editor)
Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young (1990)
Mr. Rural Reform: The Times and Tidings of Manny Manahan (1990)
The D.M. Guevara Story (1993)
Mr. F.E.U., the Culture Hero That Was Nicanor Reyes (1995)
Rizal in Saga: A Life for Student Fans (1996)
ABE: A Frank Sketch of E. Aguilar Cruz (2004)

Filmography
 Siglo Filipino : Odyssey of a Nation (2001)

Legacy

Contribution to English Letters

Nick Joaquin's name as a literary artist is considered, by different university professors, as a key figure in Philippine literature in English due to the imparted truths of his writing. In his different works, Nick Joaquin has presented objective realities about different events and people capturing both their good and bad qualities[5].In his essays, <mask> is said to employ real life situations through symbolic qualities reflecting certain social and cultural values. This is done through the subject selection and form of writing chosen which are considered by many different fellow artists as unique. [5] In terms of the development of the English language, <mask> was able to contribute to this by adding Filipino feelings, values, and nuances. Literary writers have mentioned how he was able to preserve the culture of the Filipinos through the use of a different tongue. The English language used by <mask> became a medium to express his literary artistry and Filipino Patriotism. <mask> was able to publish a large body of literary works during his time and through this, he has had great contribution to Philippine literature in English. [5]

Contribution to Literary Journalism
<mask>'s foray into literary journalism involved bringing together his two careers.<mask> argued that Philippine letters during the 1950s and 1960s were polarized into extremes: literature and journalism. <mask>, under the name of Quijano de Manila during that time, belonged to both worlds as found in his works. According to different studies on literary journalism, works of <mask> serve as examples of social sciences applied to the arts[10]. This was further seen in his work “Philippine letters’ Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde which, according to scholars, showed de Manila's career which oscillates between fiction and non-fiction[10]. It was during 1960 wherein <mask> entered journalism from being a fiction writer. It was under the name of de Manila wherein he began to publish reportage in a literary journalistic style. This was then referred to as, he claimed, “New Journalism” in the United States according to the Philippine Daily Inquirer.[11] Different literary scholars claim that the works of <mask> as de Manila exemplifies what he quotes as “good reportage with grace of style”. One of de Manila's publication, “The House on Zapote Street”, was termed journalism by the author but is read much like his fictional works under the name <mask>. [11]

Adaptations
Jaguar (1979), is a 1979 Film Noir directed by Lino Brocka with the screenplay written by Jose F. Lacaba and Ricardo Lee. The plot was inspired by <mask>'s 1960 article "The Boy Who Wanted to Become Society" later republished in the non-fiction crime anthology, Reportage on Crime (1977). Kisapmata (1981), is a 1981 psychological horror film directed by Mike De Leon, written for the screen by De Leon, Clodualdo del Mundo Jr., and Raquel Villavicencio. The plot was inspired by <mask>'s 1961 article "The House on Zapote Street" later republished in the non-fiction crime anthology, Reportage on Crime (1977). Tatarin (2001), a movie based on <mask>'s short story "The Summer Solstice", was directed by Amable “Tikoy” Aguiluz.The screenplay was written by Ricardo Lee. <mask> was consulted on the film. The cast included notable Filipino actors Edu Manzano (as Paeng Moreta,) Dina Bonnevie (Lupe Moreta), Rica Peralejo (Amada), and Raymond B. Bagatsing. Ang Larawan (2017), which won the best picture award in the 2017 Metro Manila Film Festival. It is a screen adaptation of <mask>'s A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino. It was translated to Filipino and written as a libretto by Rolando Tinio. The music was set by Ryan Cayabyab.Awards
 José Garcia Villa's Honor Roll (1940)
 Philippines Free Press Short Story Contest (1949)
 Ten Most Outstanding Young Men of the Philippines (TOYM), Awardee for Literature (1955)
 Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Literary Awards (1957–1958; 1965; 1976)
 Harper Publishing Company (New York, U.S.) writing fellowship
 Stonehill Award for the Novel (1960)
 Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1961)
 Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award from the City of Manila (1964)
 National Artist Award (1976). S.E.A. Write Award (1980)
 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Literature (1996)
 Tanglaw ng Lahi Award from the Ateneo de Manila University (1997)
 Several ESSO Journalism awards, including the highly covetedJournalist of the Year Award. Several National Book Awards from the Manila Critics' Circle for The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay in History as Three Generations; The Quartet of the Tiger Moon: Scenes from the People Power Apocalypse; Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Philippine Becoming; The World of Damian Domingo: 19th Century Manila (co-authored with Luciano P.R. Santiago); and Jaime Ongpin: The Enigma: The Profile of a Filipino as Manager. His work “Three Generations” was awarded Best Short Story published in the Philippine Review (March 1943-November 1944)
 Journalist of the Year in the 11th National Press Club-Esso Journalism Awards (1966)
 Won the Seato Literary Award Contest for his collection of short stories and poems (June 1, 1973)
 Won the nation's most prestigious awards carrying material emoluments besides honor and privileges (March 27, 1976)
 National Artist for Literature by President and Mrs. Marcos cited having “opened a new vision of Filipino Life” (1976)

See also
José Rizal
National Artists of the Philippines

References

External links
<mask> Joaquin: National Artist for Literature at Panitikan.com
<mask> Joaquin, Encyclopædia Britannica Online
, Emory University
Nick Joaquin, Answers.com
Nick Joaquin, PinoyLit

Filipino writers
National Artists of the Philippines
Roman Catholic writers
People from Paco, Manila
Writers from Manila
1917 births
2004 deaths
Burials at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
English-language writers from the

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<mask> or <mask> (c. 1450c. 1512) was a German surgeon ("Wundarzt"), alchemist and botanist. He was notable for his methods of treatment of gunshot wounds and for his early work on distillation techniques. His most influential book was the Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus (also called Kleines Destillierbuch). <mask> was born c. 1450 in the free imperial city of Strasbourg, which in his time was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Some notes in his Buch der cirurgia may suggest, that he studied in Bologna, Padua and Paris and that he participated in the Burgundian Wars, but all this is utterly unfounded. He settled at Strasbourg at the end of the fifteenth century.He died in Strasbourg, c. 1512. Publications

1497: Das buch der cirurgia: hantwirckung der wundarztny. Reprints: Strasbourg 1513 - Rostock 1518 in Low German - Augsburg 1534 - Munich 1911, 1968 - Milan - 1923. Translations: 1) In English by Peter Treveris in London. 1525. 2) In Dutch by Jan Berents in Utrecht. 1535.1500 (08.05. ): Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus. (= Kleines Destillierbuch)
Reprints of the Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus were contained in the reprints of Medicinarius (see below) starting from 1505. Moreover the Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus was merged with the Gart der Gesundheit (Mainz 1485) into the Kräuterbuch von allem Erdgewächs of Eucharius Rösslin the Younger. (Frankfurt 1533, 1535, 1536, 1538, 1540, 1542 and 1546). Translations : 1) In Dutch  by Thomas van der Noot in Brussels. 1517.2) In English by Lawrence Andrew in London 1527. 3) In Czech by Jan Günther in Olmütz. 1559. 1500 (19.08. ): Liber pestilentialis de venenis epidemie. 1505: Medicinarius. Containing :
the Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus.(Kleines Destillierbuch),
the treatise De vita libri tres of Marsilio Ficino (translated into German by Johann Adelphi of Strasbourg),
Glossaries of drugs names,
a treatise called De Quinta essentia which was largely influenced by the book De consideratione quintae essentiae of Jean de Roquetaillade. Reprints: Strasbourg 1508, 1515, 1521, 1528, 1531,1537 ; Frankfurt 1551, 1554, 1555, 1560, 1610, 1614. 1512: Liber de arte distillandi de compositis. (= Großes Destillierbuch)
 Containing :
  a book about « Quinta essentia » and other alchemical drugs – with long passages taken out of the book De consideratione quintae essentiae of Jean de Roquetaillade,
 an enumeration of simplicia (medicines, composed by one single drug) and composita (medicines, composed by several drugs) – according to the character of diseases,
  an enumeration of simplicia  and composita – according to the location of diseases (from head to feet),
 an enumeration of simplicia  and composita – for use in surgical practice and
 a treatise intitled « Thesaurus pauperum » - dispensatory in 45 chapters, containing cheap medicines for the poor. The « Thesaurus pauperum » was separately reprinted
1) under the titles Hausapotheke or Hausarzneibüchlein. (39 reprints. 1537 -1658).2) under the title Apotheke für den gemeinen Mann together with the Büchlein von den ausgebrannten Wässern, which was ascribed to Michael Puff. (30 reprints. 1529-1619). Reprints of the whole Liber de arte distillandi de compositis: Strasbourg 1519, 1532 ; Frankfurt 1538, 1551, 1552, 1597; Leipzig 1972. Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus

The Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus (1500) was the earliest printed book dealing with the techniques of distillation from herbal and animal substances. It consisted of three parts:
 A detailed description of the methods and apparati, showing influences from Jean de Roquetaillades‘ book De consideratione quintae essentiae. The name of distillation was given by the alchemists not only to the procedure that is nowadays called distillation, but as well to methods like „filtration“ and „circulation“ that were interpreted as methods of „de-stillatio (dropping down)“.An enumeration of herbal and animal substances in alphabetical order with botanical remarks on indigenous plants, based on Brunschwigs‘ own observations. This was followed by the enumeration of indications of the „distilled” medicines. These indications were based as well on the writings in the textbooks of old tradition (Dioscorides …) as on prescriptions of folk medicine. The „Büchlein von den ausgebrannten Wässern“, ascribed to Michael Puff of Vienna and recipes in manuscripts of the 15th century were Brunschwigs‘ main sources. A list of maladies „from head to feet“, with reference to the prescriptions given in the second part. As the last of the fifteenth-century herbals, the Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus is widely regarded to be an important link between the Middle Ages and modern times. Due to its in-depth description and many illustrations of distillation apparati and techniques, the book was considered to be an authoritative text well into the 16th century.Otto Brunfels and <mask> Bock, both called „fathers of botany“ („Väter der Botanik“) in honour of their truthful description of indigenous plants, respected Brunschwig as their predecessor. Leonhard Fuchs, the third of the „fathers of botany“, did not mention Brunschwig at all. References
 Agnes Arber. Herbals. Their origin and evolution. A chapter in the history of botany. 1470-1670.Univ. Press, Cambridge 1912. Hermann Fischer. Mittelalterliche Pflanzenkunde. München 1929, p. 109-113: Das kleine Destillierbuch des Hieronymus <mask>. Henry E. Sigerist. <mask> <mask> and his work.Anhang zu: The book of Cirurgia by Hieronymus <mask>. R. Lier, Milano 1923. Eleanor Sinclair Rohde. The old English herbals. Minerva, London 1922. Karl Sudhoff. Deutsche medizinische Inkunabeln.Bibliographisch-literarische Untersuchungen. J.A. Barth, Leipzig 1908. Notes

External links

Das buch der cirurgia : hantwirckung der wuntartzny. 1497. Digitalisat
Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus. 1500.Digitalisat The vertuose boke of Distillacyon 1527. Digitalisat
Liber pestilentialis de venenis epidemie. 1500. Digitalisat
Medicinarius. 1505. Digitalisat
Liber de arte distillandi de compositis. 1512.Digitalisat Hausapotheke. Augsburg 1545. Digitalisat )* *Apoteck für den gemeinen man. 1529. Digitalisat

1450s births
1510s deaths
Date of birth unknown
Date of death unknown
16th-century German physicians
Physicians  from Strasbourg
15th-century German writers
16th-century German writers
16th-century German male writers
15th-century German physicians
16th-century surgeons

masks:
Hieronymus Brunschwig
Hieronymus Brunschwyk
Life Brunschwig
Hieronymus
Brunschwig
Hieronymus
Brunschwig
Brunschwig


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Chron Smith (born October 1, 1976), better known by his stage name <mask>, is an American rapper. He is best known as a member of Sunz of Man, an early affiliate group of the Wu-Tang Clan. Razah is rumored to have suffered a brain aneurysm in April 2010. He was quick to recover and continue recording. He came to adopt the moniker Heaven Razah. Recording history

Da Last Future & Sunz of Man
Razah made his rap debut in the early 90s as a member of the group Da Last Future, an early incarnation of the Sunz of Man, which included Killah Priest, Shabazz the Disciple, Prodigal Sunn, Supreme and 7th Ambassador. <mask> and 7th Ambassador self-released the single "Livin' in Hell" b/w "Mental Combat" independently before the group adopted the Sunz of Man moniker.<mask> recorded a number of tracks with the group before their induction into the Wu-Tang family, including "Deep in the Water", "Writing Rhymes With a Liquid Pen" (aka "Elements"), "Lulla Bye" and "Psychic Hotline". In 1995, the group adopted the moniker Sunz of Man, and signed a record deal with Wu-Tang/Priority Records. SoM released a number of singles on Wu-Tang Records, including "Soldiers of Darkness", "No Love Without Hate" and "Bloody Choices", in anticipation of their 1996 debut album Nothing New Under the Sun. Due to internal conflicts and label complications, the album was shelved. Sunz of Man later signed a record deal with Red Ant Entertainment for the release of their official 1998 debut The Last Shall Be First, with the group's roster shaved down to just Razah, Killah Priest, Prodigal Sunn and 60 Second Assassin. The album was one of the most successful Wu-Tang affiliate releases, debuting at No. 20 on the Billboard 200 album chart, and No.7 on the R&B/Hip-Hop chart. After the departure of Killah Priest in 1998, the group took a hiatus. 1999 saw the release of The First Testament, which featured previously recorded material from the group, including the early tracks from Da Last Future. <mask>, Prodigal Sunn and 60 Second Assassin returned in 2002 with the album Saviorz Day, the second official Sunz of Man studio album. The group has yet to release a third studio album, but it has been reported that the group has reconciled with Shabazz the Disciple, Killah Priest and Supreme. Solo career
<mask> made his solo debut in 2001, though quietly, with the independent release When All Hell Breaks Loose. The album featured guest appearances from 7th Ambassador, Killah Priest, Prodigal Sunn and Timbo King of Royal Fam, and production from Supreme.The album spawned the single "Champaigne Room" b/w "Ghetto Love". The tracks "Must B tha Music", "Oh! Now You Bangin'", "Ghetto Government", "Champaigne Room", "Like It or Not", "What We Came to Do", "B.B.P. (Business Before Pleasure)" and "Rowdy, Rowdy" made up roughly half of the 2004 Sunz of Man compilation Elements, with the other half made up of tracks from The First Testament. <mask>'s next solo album, Renaissance Child, was released in early 2007 on Nature Sounds Records. The album featured appearances from Timbo King, Tragedy Khadafi, R.A. the Rugged Man, Talib Kweli, Viktor Vaughn, Bronze Nazareth, Killah Priest and Ras Kass, and production from Godz Wrath, MF DOOM, Bronze Nazareth, Krohme and 4th Disciple. The album was a well-received, critical success and featured the singles "The Renaissance" and "Buried Alive" b/w "Project Jazz".In October 2007, <mask> released his next album, Razah's Ladder, entirely produced by the production duo Blue Sky Black Death. The album also was acclaimed, due to BSBD's soulful production work, and also to <mask>'s new spiritual lyrical direction, inspired by the recent death of his father. The album featured guest appearances from Prodigal Sunn, Shabazz the Disciple, Crooked I, Ill Bill and Sabac Red, and featured no singles. Self-funded videos were shot for the tracks "Razah's Ladder" and "Audiobiography", the latter directed by Sunz of Man producer Supreme, and "Razah's Ladder",

Collaborations
In 2004, Hell Razah and 4th Disciple released a full-length collaboration album, Freedom of Speech, under the title "Sunz of Man presents". The album featured fifteen newly recorded tracks with 4th Disciple, and five other previously released tracks from When All Hell Breaks Loose. The album featured the single "Article One" b/w "Project Love". In 2005, <mask>, Killah Priest, Royal Fam's Timbo King, Tragedy Khadafi and William Cooper formed the underground supergroup Black Market Militia.The group released their self-titled debut album Black Market Militia that same year, with production from Godz Wrath and Bronze Nazareth, and guest appearances from dead prez and Abiodun Oyewole of The Last Poets. The album spawned the singles "Audobon Ballroom" b/w "Thug Nation"/"Hood Lullabye" and "Gem Stars" b/w "Mayday!". Razah's next album collaboration album was with Shabazz the Disciple and producer Ayatollah as the group T.H.U.G. Angelz, titled Welcome to Red Hook Houses, to be released on July 8, 2008 on Babygrande Records. Other releases came in 2008 such as solo album titled Heaven Razah, and Article 2: Right to Bare Arms, a second full-length collaboration with 4th Disciple. In an October 2007 interview, Razah also announced plans for numerous other releases for the year. He announced that the Sunz of Man were reunited and planned on releasing an album sometime soon.He also stated that The Maccabeez, a group consisting of himself, Killah Priest and Timbo King, were nearly finished recording their debut album. Black Market Militia are also planning for another album. Another possible release is a collaboration between <mask>azz and Blue Sky Black Death, and a project from G.G.O. (Ghetto Government Officialz), which consists of Razah, 7th Ambassador, Lazarus, Face God and other Red Hook locals. <mask>h suffered a Brain Aneurysm in 2010. After surviving that near death experience, he began to go under the name Heaven Razah. In 2011, <mask>azz the Disciple as T.H.U.G.Angelz (produced by Ayatollah and 4th Disciple), Razah's Ladder 2 produced by Blue Sky Black Death, a gospel/rock album produced by Krohme called Krohme Razahs, an album with Shyheim called The Verrazano and the sequel to Freedom of Speech called Write to Bare Arms produced by 4th Disciple. An album with Killah Priest as Thug Vaticans called The Lamb’s Supper will come out in 2013. Another collaboration album, with producer Tokyo Cigar under the name Heavenly Cartel, is planned for 2013 and is called Spiritual Kung Fu. He's also doing an album with producer Bronze Nazareth. He also started a hiphop/soul group together with producer Shroom and singer Tarone Rachamim called The Dutch and they are planning to release their first album in the future, which is called Music from the Heart. Heaven Razah Part 2 became Living After Death and was released on iTunes on March 31, 2013. In May, <mask>zah announced the formal roster of his new label, Hell Razah Music Inc. to include Razah's oldest son "Heaven Sun" aka Yung Razah, Queen the Prophet, Scripture, and a few more to formally represent Razah's long time "Ghetto Govt" global movement also known as "GGO" (Ghetto Govt Officialz).The Ghetto Govt Movement has global chapters that are dedicated to making a positive impact in their communities as well as in the underground hip-hop community. Risen: The Story of Chron "Hell Razah" Smith - Documentary

Risen: The Story of Chron “Hell Razah” Smith which is a documentary directed by Frank Meyer and stars Wu Tang’s RZA, Cappadonna and Popa Wu, Sunz of Man members Killah Priest, Prodigal Sunn, 60-Second Assassin and Shabazz the Disciple, producers A. Supreme Wilder and Tom "Shroom" Johnson, rappers RA The Rugged Man and Ras Kass, industry heavyweight Randy Philips (AEG, Global Ent. ), Hell Razah’s family and friends, and many more. Risen is executive produced by Digital Reacharound CEO Robert Juster, produced by film maker Paul Harb (The Expendables, Rambo, Rocky Balboa), and Esquire Network’s Michael D’Alonzo, with Cinematography by Jason Valdez. Risen: The Story of Chron “Hell Razah” Smith is available on Amazon Prime Video, Tubi, and You Tube. https://www.amazon.com/Risen-Story-Chron-Razah-Smith/dp/B085RC21RB

In 2019, Razah was featured in the song "The Grandmaster" on Cryptik Soul's album Killer's Blood.Discography

Studio albums
<mask> Razah
When All Hell Breaks Loose (2001)
Freedom of Speech (2004) (with 4th Disciple)
Renaissance Child (2007)
Razah's Ladder (2007) (with Blue Sky Black Death)
Ultra Sounds of a Renaissance Child (2008)
Heaven Razah (2010)
Living After Death (2013)
El Raziel (2015)
Blaxploitation: A Piece of the Action (2017) (with Ayatollah)

Sunz of Man
The Last Shall Be First (1998)
Saviorz Day (2002)
The Rebirth (2019)

Collaborations
Black Market Militia (2005) (with Black Market Militia)
Welcome to Red Hook Houses (2008) (with Shabazz the Disciple, as T.H.U.G. Angelz)

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
African-American male rappers
Wu-Tang Clan affiliates
Rappers from Brooklyn
Five percenters
Underground rappers
East Coast hip hop musicians
Sunz of Man members
Black Market Militia members
People from Red Hook, Brooklyn
20th-century American rappers
21st-century American rappers

masks:
Hell Razah
Razah
Razah
Razah
Razah
Razah
Razah
Razah
Razah
Razahab
Hell Raza
Hell Razahhab
Hell Ra
Hell


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<mask> (born 31 March 1987) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Tranmere Rovers. He started his career at Histon, progressing through the youth ranks and eventually becoming a regular in the first team. He won two promotions during his six years with Histon, helping them to the Southern League Premier Division title in 2004–05 and the Conference South title in 2006–07. He was sold to Conference Premier rivals Wrexham in April 2010; in doing so he resigned his position in a car factory to become a full-time professional footballer. He played in two unsuccessful play-off campaigns and was named in the 2011–12 Conference Premier Team of the Year. He moved into the Football League by signing for Peterborough United in May 2012. He overcame the three division gap to establish himself in the first-team at Peterborough, though the club were relegated out of the Championship at the end of the 2012–13 season.He won the Football League Trophy with Peterborough in 2014. He joined Shrewsbury Town on a free transfer in May 2014 and was promoted out of League Two at the end of the 2014–15 season. He was appointed as club captain in January 2016, though took a free transfer to Bradford City in July 2016. He made 135 competitive appearances for Bradford over the course of three seasons, though was released following relegation out of League One in May 2019. He spent the 2019–20 season with Carlisle United. Club career

Histon
Knight-Percival was born in Enfield, London. Having already spent his youth career at Histon, he debuted for the first team during the 2004–05 season, in which he made 12 appearances in all competitions, five of which came in the league.Histon enjoyed a successful 2004–05 campaign and were crowned champions of the Southern League Premier Division, resulting in promotion to the Conference South. He featured 42 times in the 2005–06 campaign, helping the "Stutes" to reach the play-offs, though was an unused substitute in the play-off final defeat to St Albans City. Histon then went on to dominate the division in the 2006–07 season, racking up 94 points to secure the Conference South title, with Knight-Percival contributing five goals from 28 games. He scored nine goals in 49 appearances in the 2007–08 season, as Histon finished two places outside the play-off zone. Histon qualified for the FA Cup in 2008–09, knocking out League One sides Swindon Town and Leeds United in the opening two rounds with two 1–0 wins, before finally losing 2–1 to Swansea City. Manager Steve Fallon said that the win over Leeds "was a huge day for the whole village" and ten years on Knight-Percival recalled it as being "the best day of my career". He went on to score ten goals from 50 matches as Histon posted a third-place finish in the Conference Premier, though they were beaten 2–1 on aggregate by Torquay United in the play-off semi-finals.The 2009–10 season ended with a disappointing 18th-place finish, though Knight-Percival added another seven goals from 45 games to leave his total tally at Bridge Road at 226 appearances and 37 goals. Wrexham
On 21 April 2010, Knight-Percival signed a pre-contract agreement at Wrexham for an undisclosed fee – believed to be around £5,000. He had worked in a car factory before joining the "Dragons", and had been keen to become a full-time professional footballer. Manager Dean Saunders said his versatility was a key attraction with Wrexham looking to reduce their playing budget. Knight-Percival scored four goals in 34 games in 2010–11, helping Wrexham to the play-off semi-finals, where they lost out 5–1 on aggregate to Luton Town after losing the first leg at the Racecourse Ground 3–0. He was converted to play at centre-back by Andy Morrell during the 2011–12 season. On 3 December, Wrexham knocked League One side Brentford out of the second round of the FA Cup; Wrexham won 1–0 and Knight-Percival came close to scoring with an overhead kick.They took Championship club Brighton & Hove Albion to a replay in the next round, before losing on penalties. Wrexham totalled 98 points in the league but had to settle for a place in the play-offs, and were once again beaten by Luton Town, losing 3–2 on aggregate. He was named on that season's Conference Premier Team of the Year, alongside teammate Mark Creighton. Peterborough United
Knight-Percival moved into the Football League when he signed a two-year deal with Peterborough United in May 2012, having already signed a pre-contract in January. In regards to the transfer, Knight-Percival said: "It's a massive step-up for me, but it's one I feel ready to take. Peterborough have a habit of finding players in the lower divisions who can perform much higher and hopefully I will be one of those." He made his full debut for the "Posh" against Reading in the second round of the 2012–13 League Cup; Reading won the match 3–2, and Knight-Percival scored an own goal in the 38th-minute after misjudging a cross from Danny Guthrie.He made his league debut on 18 September, starting in a 2–1 defeat to Bristol City at the London Road Stadium. He made 33 appearances throughout the 2012–13 season, which ended in relegation out of the Championship with defeat to Crystal Palace on the final day. His first game of the 2013–14 season was another second round League Cup tie against Reading, which Peterborough won 6–0. On 23 September, he received a red card against Milton Keynes Dons in the 7th-minute, following an elbow on Patrick Bamford; Peterborough were reduced to nine men when Mark Little was also sent off in the 76th-minute, but they managed to hold on to win 2–1. On 11 January, Knight-Percival scored his first goal for Peterborough in a 2–1 loss at Swindon Town. He made 23 appearances in all competitions during the season, including in Peterborough's 3–1 win over Chesterfield in the final of the Football League Trophy at Wembley. Just two days after Leyton Orient defeated Peterborough in the second leg of the League One play-off semi-final, Knight-Percival was among five players released by manager Darren Ferguson in May 2014.Shrewsbury Town
Knight-Percival joined Shrewsbury Town on a free transfer on 22 May 2014; the "Shrews" had just been relegated into League Two and new manager Micky Mellon signed a further 14 new players to reinvigorate the club. He made his debut on the opening day of the 2014–15 season, playing left-back in a 2–2 draw away at AFC Wimbledon, and scored his first goal at the New Meadow in a 3–1 victory over Cheltenham Town on 11 October. He was part of a strong back three defence, along with Jermaine Grandison and Connor Goldson, who were both athletic ball-playing centre-backs. However he was sent off for two bookings in a goalless draw away to Luton Town on 8 January, and the following month suffered a cruciate knee ligament injury which ruled him out for the rest of the season. Shrewsbury continued to pick up results in his absence though, and secured automatic promotion back into League One with a second-place finish. He returned to the squad ahead of schedule after the sale of Goldson to Brighton & Hove Albion, although he only featured sparingly as he concluded his rehabilitation. After making his comeback in a Football League Trophy first-round match against Oldham Athletic, he scored the winning goal in a 1–0 victory over Southend United in September and picked up the nickname 'Rolls Royce' for his assured performances.After the departures of Liam Lawrence and James Collins in the January 2016 transfer window, he became Shrewsbury captain. Town finished one place above the relegation zone and reached the fifth round of the FA Cup, overcoming Championship opposition in Cardiff City and Sheffield Wednesday, before bowing out of the competition with a 3–0 home defeat to Premier League giants Manchester United. Bradford City
Knight-Percival joined Bradford City on a free transfer on 1 July 2016, after rejecting the offer of a new contract at Shrewsbury. Initially seen as a squad player, his excellent form at the start of the 2016–17 season made him a "prominent" and "influential" player in the "Bantams" promotion push, partnering with Romain Vincelot at centre-back. Bradford qualified for the play-offs with a fifth-place finish, and Knight-Percival played in the play-off final defeat to Millwall on 20 May. He said that manager Stuart McCall's positivity in pre-season removed the disappointment of losing the play-off final. He scored his first goal for Bradford on 5 August in a 2–1 win over Blackpool.However he started the new season in poor form after being played on the right side of a centre-back two with Matthew Kilgallon. He soon got used to the position however and put in some good performances, despite occasionally struggling with physical players such as Rochdale's Calvin Andrew. He made a total of 46 appearances as Bradford ended the 2017–18 season with an 11th-place finish under the stewardship of Simon Grayson. New manager David Hopkin implemented a 5–3–2 system for his first match in charge on 8 September 2018, and Knight-Percival was reported to have "had his best game for months". He went on to feature 41 times in the 2018–19 season, scoring three goals and picking up two red cards. In May 2019, following Bradford City's relegation to League Two, new manager Gary Bowyer named as Knight-Percival as of 11 players to be released upon the expiry of their contracts at Valley Parade. Carlisle United
On 4 July 2019, it was announced that Knight-Percival had signed for League Two side Carlisle United on a one-year deal.Manager Steven Pressley said that "he's a player we've been pursuing for some time so it's been a slow burner". However Knight-Percival failed to build a good understanding with Byron Webster and featured just twice after Chris Beech replaced Pressley as "Blues" boss in November. He was one of ten players released at Brunton Park in May 2020. Morecambe
On 3 August he signed for League Two club Morecambe on a one-year deal. International career
Knight-Percival was called up by Paul Fairclough for the England C for their International Challenge Trophy fixture against Finland U23 in Helsinki on 14 November 2007. He won his one and only C team cap against Hungary U23 on 15 September 2009; the match finished as a 1–1 draw. Style of play
Knight-Percival spent the early part of his career as a winger, before converted into a left-sided central defender at Wrexham.Career statistics

Honours

Club
Histon
Southern League Premier Division: 2004–05
Conference South: 2006–07

Peterborough United
Football League Trophy: 2013–14

Shrewsbury Town
League Two runner-up, second-place promotion: 2014–15

Morecambe
EFL League Two play-offs: 2021

Individual
Conference Premier Team of the Year: 2011–12

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Enfield, London
Black British sportspeople
English footballers
England semi-pro international footballers
Association football defenders
Association football wingers
Histon F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Morecambe F.C.players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Southern Football League players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players


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<mask> (born April 30, 1985 – remains found August 9, 2010) was a 24-year-old African-American woman who went missing on September 17, 2009, after police claim she was released from a jail in Calabasas, California, where she had been taken after behaving erratically at a restaurant. She was missing for 11 months before being found deceased in August 2010 by park rangers. <mask>'s parents have maintained that their daughter should never have been released on her own by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, given her obviously disturbed condition. In 2011, the <mask> family settled the civil lawsuit with L.A. County privately for $900,000. In January 2017, the California Attorney General's office concluded an investigation into the circumstances surrounding <mask>'s release from jail and decided not to bring charges against anyone involved in her release. Life and education
<mask> was the daughter of Latice Sutton and <mask>. She was raised by her mother and stepfather Larry Sutton in Covina, California.<mask> obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology in 2008 from California State University, Fullerton, after graduating from South Hills High School in West Covina, California. <mask> was an open lesbian, and at the time of her death, had been dating girlfriend Tessa Moon for about two years. She had also competed as a beauty pageant contestant, worked as an intern for a forensic psychologist and part-time as a dancer in an LGBT strip club. Disappearance
On the evening of September 16, 2009, <mask> entered the parking lot of <mask>'s restaurant in Malibu. Due to what staff and patrons at the restaurant described as "bizarre" behavior and the fact that she was unable to pay her $89 bill, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department from the Malibu/Lost Hills Station was called to assess her condition. The officers on the scene purportedly administered a field sobriety test and determined that she was not intoxicated and not under the influence of any substance. She was arrested on charges of "suspicion of not paying for the meal" and possession of less than an ounce of marijuana.According to the arresting officers, upon her arrest, her phone, purse and money were secured in her car and her car was towed to a tow yard on the Pacific Coast Highway. <mask> was detained and booked at the Malibu/Lost Hills Sheriff's Station approximately ten miles (16 km) up Malibu Canyon. Although <mask>'s mother informed the station of concern for her daughter's mental health, and despite promises from the station personnel that she would not be released until later in the morning, <mask> was released on September 17, 2009, at 12:28 AM with no belongings and no means of calling for assistance. Steve Whitmore, spokesman for the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, said <mask> was released from jail because "She exhibited no signs of mental illness or intoxication. She was fine. She's an adult." She had been invited to wait in the lobby, but declined.Several hours later, at 6:30 AM, she was seen in the backyard of former KTLA news anchor Bill Smith in Monte Nido. When Smith opened his window and asked if she was OK, <mask> told Smith that she was "resting." They stated that the police were called. Searches

On January 9, 2010, four months after she was reported missing, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department conducted one of the largest-scale searches in the history of the department. Over 300 volunteers trained in search and rescue operations participated in the 18-square-mile (47 km²) search in the area of Malibu Canyon. The search included both air and ground searches of creeks, trails, and ridges. <mask> was not found during this search.Maurice Dubois, father of slain Escondido, California, teen Amber Dubois, assisted <mask>'s family in a two-day search on June 5 and 6, 2010, in the Monte Nido area of Malibu Canyon. Over 100 private-citizen volunteers participated in the search of the area. Although <mask>'s remains were not discovered, searchers found racially and sexually offensive graffiti on the walls of a culvert in the canyon. The graffiti was freshly painted and paint cans, brushes and other potential evidence were left at the scene. The creek bed in Malibu Canyon where <mask>'s naked mummified remains were eventually discovered is adjacent to a 21-acre (8.5 ha) ranch that is known for producing pornography. It is very secluded and has direct access to the creek bed. When her body was discovered, the detectives on the case removed her body against the order of the coroner.Though residents reportedly heard screams in that area several nights after <mask> disappeared, her death was deemed to not be a homicide; there was no foul play. Media coverage
Mitrice appeared on the cover of People magazine in November 2009. <mask>'s disappearance was covered on an episode of Disappeared on the Investigation Discovery channel, entitled "Lost in the Dark"; it first aired on November 19, 2012, as the season 6 premiere. Lawsuits
<mask>'s family has filed several lawsuits against the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department for releasing her from jail even though, they claim, she was experiencing severe bipolar disorder at the time. In 2011, her parents, who had sued separately, were awarded $450,000 each. <mask>'s girlfriend, Tessa Moon, refutes claims that <mask> had any mental illness. <mask>'s family also asked the California Attorney General's office to review the sheriff's office's handling of the case.In November 2015, after reviewing 500 pages of documents sent with the request, the office of California then-Attorney General Kamala Harris replied that it had not found any grounds for criminal charges against the sheriff or his deputies. The Attorney General's office also found no evidence that the sheriff's office had mishandled <mask>'s family's complaint against it. However, in January 2016, the California Attorney General's office reversed itself and announced it was beginning a criminal investigation of the case. On December 30, 2016, the California Attorney General's office concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support criminal prosecution of anyone involved in the handling of the case. See also

 List of solved missing person cases
 List of unsolved deaths

References

External links
 Find Mitrice <mask>
 Find Mitrice Website
 The <mask> <mask> Documentary "Lost Compassion"

2000s missing person cases
Accidental deaths in California
Deaths by person in the United States
Formerly missing people
Malibu, California
Missing person cases in California
Lesbians
September 2009 events in the United States
Unsolved deaths
History of women in California

masks:
Mitrice Lavon Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Mitrice Richardson
Michael Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Geoffrey
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Mitrice
Richardson


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<mask>. (December 12, 1936 – January 17, 2019) was an American musician who was lead guitarist in the American Sound Studio house band, The Memphis Boys, and was a leading session musician. He played on various recordings with artists such as Elvis Presley, Joe Cocker, Dobie Gray, Joe Tex, Merrilee Rush, B.J. Thomas, John Prine, Dusty Springfield, Herbie Mann, J.J. Cale, Dionne Warwick, Roy Hamilton, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, the Box Tops, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Merle Haggard, Joey Tempest, George Strait, and The Highwaymen. <mask> was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2019. Early career
Born December 12, 1936, in Caruthersville, Missouri, and raised in Osceola, Arkansas, <mask>'s first band was Eddie Bond & the Stompers, a rockabilly band from Memphis, Tennessee, that toured with Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, and Roy Orbison during the mid-'50s. By 1958, <mask> was with singer Johnny Horton, making several appearances on the popular Louisiana Hayride radio show in Shreveport. He was an original member of Bill Black's Combo, which had several instrumental hits in the U.S. in 1959 and the early '60s, the most successful being "Smokie, Pts.1 & 2", "White Silver Sands," and an instrumental version of "Don't Be Cruel," released on Hi Records. Billboard Magazine listed the Combo as the No. 1 instrumental band three years in a row, 1960–1962. In February 1964, the Beatles requested that the Bill Black Combo open for them during their first U.S. tour. Subsequently, they invited the Combo over to England for another month-long tour. After the death of leader Bill Black (Elvis Presley's original bass player) in October 1965, <mask> concentrated on being a staff musician at Hi Studio in Memphis until 1967, winding up at American Sound Studio at the request of Chips Moman later that year. The Memphis Boys were responsible for around 120 hit singles, pop, country, rock, or soul, between 1967 and 1971.<mask> played on the January/February 1969 Elvis Presley sessions that included "Suspicious Minds", "Kentucky Rain", "Don't Cry Daddy", and "In the Ghetto". When the studio closed in late 1971, <mask> moved to Nashville as an independent session player. He took part in the July 1973 Presley sessions at Stax Records in Memphis which produced the albums Raised On Rock and Good Times. In the early 1970s, <mask> backed Jimmy Buffett as a member of the first three Coral Reefer Bands on "A White Sport Coat & a Pink Crustacean", Living and Dying in 3/4 Time and A1A. On Jimmy's legendary cover of the Lord Buckley classic- "God's Own Drunk", Buffett references a "<mask>in commode huggin drunk". After playing on the sessions for the Highwaymen (Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson) in 1984, <mask> joined their touring show for a five-year stretch (1990–1995). <mask> also played many sessions and concerts with Waylon Jennings, including his final tours featuring the Waymore Blues Band before Jennings' death in 2002.<mask> was nominated for a Grammy, and also performed at the Kennedy Center in honor of Johnny Cash and Willie Nelson. 2008 saw the Country Music Hall of Fame recognizing <mask> as a "Nashville Cat". That same year also saw the debut of <mask>'s first solo album, the independently released, inspirational Be Still, a collaboration with wife and cellist Jenny Lynn <mask>. August 2009 saw the Memphis Boys, along with Chips Moman, receive acknowledgement by the Memphis Grammy Chapter for their pioneering work on "Suspicious Minds" during a Graceland fan reception. After almost 45 years of playing together, this was their first award. Personal life

<mask> met his wife, the classically trained cellist Jenny Lynn Hollowell, in 1999, during the formation of Waylon Jennings' Waymore Blues Band. They married in 2004.They resided in Leipers Fork in middle Tennessee, where <mask> spent much of his time composing in his home studio. <mask> died during the evening of January 17, 2019 at his home in Leiper's Fork, Tennessee from heart failure.

masks:
Reggie Grimes Young Jr
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Reggie Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young


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<mask> (born May 8, 1988) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for KD Ilirija in Slovenia. He played college basketball for Wake Forest University and is the only <mask> in school history to garner multiple ACC All-Defensive team honors. He is 6'4" and plays both shooting guard and small forward. High school career
<mask> attended Forbush High School in East Bend, North Carolina as a freshman and sophomore where he played football and ran track before transferring to Montverde Academy in Montverde, Florida where he was coached by Kevin Sutton. As a senior at Montverde in 2005–06, he averaged 17.4 points, 3.4 assists, 3.0 rebounds and 2.3 steals per game as he earned second-team all-state and named to the All-Central Florida second team by the Orlando Sentinel. He was also named the Lake County Player of the Year. College career
As a freshman at Wake Forest in 2006–07, <mask> started all 31 games to stand behind only Josh Howard and <mask> as players that started more games as freshmen.He finished the season ranked second on the team in assists (41) and steals (34) as he averaged 8.2 points and 4.1 rebounds per game. As team captain in his sophomore season, <mask> appeared in 26 games and made 25 starts as he missed four games due to a fractured right hand suffered on January 22, 2008 at Clemson. He averaged 8.9 points and 3.8 rebounds per game, ranking third and fourth respectively on the team in 2007–08. Serving as team captain again in his junior season, <mask> started all 31 games for the second time in his career. He was named to the ACC All-Defensive team, becoming the first Deacon since Josh Howard in 2002–03 to be named first-team ACC All-Defense. He also received the team's Best Defensive Player award for the second time in his career. He averaged 8.0 points and 2.7 rebounds per game while he ranked fourth on the team in steals (28) and fifth in assists (34).As a senior in 2009–10, <mask> started all 31 games once again, and for the second straight year, he earned ACC All-Defensive team honors after ranking 20th in the ACC in rebounding. He averaged 8.7 points and 5.6 rebounds per game, rounding off his college career as one of the top defenders in program history. In his final collegiate game, against Kentucky, he surpassed the 1,000-point milestone and finished with 1,005 career points. The three-year captain also placed fourth in the 2010 College Slam Dunk Contest. Professional career

Springfield Armor
After going undrafted in the 2010 NBA draft, <mask> was selected by the Springfield Armor in the second round of the 2010 NBA Development League Draft. He went on to make his professional debut on November 19, 2010 against the Erie BayHawks, recording 14 points, 8 rebounds and 3 steals. On January 2, 2011, <mask> scored a season-high 21 points against the BayHawks.On February 7, he left Springfield in order to sign in the Philippines. In 23 games, he averaged 10.8 points, 3.7 rebounds, 1.8 assists and 1.2 steals per game. Alaska Aces
On February 10, 2011, <mask> officially joined the Alaska Aces of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). On March 28, <mask> was fined ₱20,000 and suspended for one game after hitting Mark Cardona with a swinging elbow. League commissioner Chito Salud said, "I don't think it's necessary for a player to swing an elbow during a play. But he has to face the consequences once he hit somebody. Whether it's intentional or not, he hit somebody with an elbow, so that merits a penalty."Return to Springfield
On October 26, 2011, <mask> returned to the Springfield Armor to compete in the 2011–12 season. In his first game back for Springfield on November 25, 2011, in a win over the Maine Red Claws, he recorded 17 points, 7 rebounds and 2 steals. He recorded his first career double-double on December 15 against the Erie BayHawks, finishing the game with a career-high 33 points along with 10 rebounds in the 117-123 loss. JL Bourg-en-Bresse
After playing in four games for the San Antonio Spurs during the 2012 NBA Summer League, <mask> signed with JL Bourg-en-Bresse of France for the 2012–13 LNB Pro B season. He made his debut on September 29, 2012 as he recorded 13 points, 3 rebounds and 2 assists against SOMB Boulogne-sur-Mer. In a win over Lille Métropole Basket Clubs on November 9, 2012, he scored a season-high 21 points. After winning the league's slam dunk contest held on December 30, <mask> failed to appear in another game for JL after an ankle injury he sustained earlier in the season finally forced him out.Return to D-League
On October 31, 2013, <mask> made his second return to the Springfield Armor where in 2013–14, he averaged 6.6 points and 2.1 rebounds in 30 games. On October 31, 2014, <mask> was acquired by the newly established Grand Rapids Drive. On November 26, 2014, he scored a season-high 18 points in a 127–99 win over the Los Angeles D-Fenders. On February 27, 2015, <mask> ruptured his left patellar tendon, and it was announced he would miss the remainder of the season. During the 2014–15 season, he averaged 11.5 points and 3.9 rebounds in 29 minutes a game. On January 29, 2016, <mask> was acquired by the Fort Wayne Mad Ants. On February 16, he made his debut for the Mad Ants in a 105–97 win over Grand Rapids, recording two points and two rebounds in six minutes.Torpan Pojat, Finland

On August 2017, <mask> signed with Finland 1A-division club Torpan Pojat, Helsinki. KD Ilirija
He currently plays for KD Ilirija and plays in Slovenia. The Basketball Tournament
<mask><mask> played for Team Wake The Nation in the 2018 edition of The Basketball Tournament. He had a team-high 14 points and eight rebounds in the team's first-round loss to Team Showtime. <mask> is the son of <mask> and <mask>, and has one brother and one sister. He graduated from Wake Forest with a degree in communication.In high school, he was a member of the choir and president of Logos, a Bible study club. References

External links
Eurobasket.com profile
RealGM.com profile
NBA D-League profile

1988 births
Living people
Alaska Aces (PBA) players
American expatriate basketball people in Finland
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines
American expatriate basketball people in Slovenia
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from North Carolina
Basketball players from Pennsylvania
Fort Wayne Mad Ants players
Grand Rapids Drive players
JL Bourg-en-Bresse players
Philippine Basketball Association imports
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Sportspeople from McKeesport, Pennsylvania
Springfield Armor players
Torpan Pojat players
Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball players
Montverde Academy alumni

masks:
Larry Demetrius Williams
Demon Deacon
Williams
Williams
Tim Duncan
Williams
Williams
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Larry
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Aleksandar "<mask><mask> (; born November 30, 1969) is a Serbian established painter, MMA fighter, singer, media personality and former criminal. After spending four and a half years in prison for activities related to drugs in Požarevac, he was released on January 9, 2009. From 2016 to 2020 he was imprisoned again for the same level of crime, serving time for his penalty in Zabela prison. On many occasions, <mask> claimed prison didn't help him nor did it save his life. Biography

Early life, 1980s
Born to Srboljub and Milanka <mask>, Serb gastarbeiters living in Munich, <mask> did not meet his father until primary school since he was away serving a long-term prison sentence for taking part in various criminal activities. His mother was a stewardess at JAT. His father was imprisoned in Goli Otok prison.<mask> moved to Belgrade, SR Serbia with his mother and sister in 1987, first settling in the Zvezdara neighbourhood and then moving to 50 Braće Jerković Street in Voždovac. Already no stranger to juvenile delinquent activity, the youngster continued along the same path with street fighting, often involving knives and guns. He first harmed a person with a knife near the "Beograđanka" building. He also started painting, mostly while under arrest. In December 1987, <mask> beat up a patron at a kafana in Boleč. In May 1989, he instigated a fist fight versus Slavko "Mija Pijuk" Mijović (Mija the Pickaxe), the godfather of notorious gangster Arkan) in front of Disco Luv in the Belgrade neighbourhood of Voždovac. Mija Pijuk's bodyguard Safet "Džimi" Buljuku began firing shots at <mask>, hitting him in the legs.In October 1989, <mask>ović club, leading to several shots being fired. 1990s
In the early morning hours of Sunday, February 25, 1990, <mask> was one of the perpetrators of an infamous act of violence in Belgrade's Hotel Mažestik. Along with his best friend at the time Dragan "Gagi" Nikolić, a heavily armed <mask> burst into the hotel's disco bar looking for a rival gangster. Since they didn't find him, 24-year-old Nikolić and 20-year-old <mask> shot up and ransacked the place, destroying it in the process before fleeing the scene. Since the hotel's disco bar was a favorite mobster hangout, the incident gained them notoriety with the authorities, considering that many prominent and powerful mob figures were present to witness the shooting of bottles and furniture. To escape prosecution in Serbia, <mask> went back to Germany, but soon found himself serving a three-year sentence in Düsseldorf on an armed robbery charge from a few years earlier. Due to being underage when the robbery was committed, he served the sentence in a juvenile prison.In 1993, German authorities extradited <mask> back to Serbia where he was wanted for a variety of criminal acts from the 1988–1990 period. He is well known for telling tall tales about people no longer here to defend themselves. He is a long time friend of Milorad Ulemek and has maintained relations with Arkan through him. The story Golobović claims is true, that Ulemek sent him to Erdut to the headquarters of the Serbian Volunteer Guard (Arkanovi Tigrovi), where he was asked to fight for them, but declined. Then he went as far as to say that Ražnatović asked <mask> to assassinate Serbian politician Vojislav Šešelj, but he refused. <mask> married Danijela Đukić and had a son Lazar with her while in Belgrade. On July 23, 1994, <mask> had an altercation with Milorad Majkić, owner of Casino Aleksandar at Čumićevo sokače.Majkić claimed <mask> tried to extort DM 10,000 from him. <mask> left Serbia for Greece to avoid prison. There he became the worker of a former Yugoslav group that worked in Athens. <mask> was featured in a 1996 documentary about Serbia's underworld called Vidimo se u čitulji that was filmed between 1994 and 1996. He is one of only a few individuals, out of dozens featured in the film, still alive today. 2000s
In 2002 he escaped from Korydallos Prison, where he was sentenced to 14 and a half years for stealing two BMW cars and an armed robbery. During his time in prison, he maintained a relationship with Arkan's daughter Anđela Ražnatović.<mask> said he wanted to marry her but the relationship was short. <mask> got arrested in Greece on December 25, 2002, on a Serbian arrest warrant because of the criminal citation stemming from the July 1994 incident with Milorad Majkić. The citation claimed <mask> slapped Majkić while trying to extort DM 10,000 from him. Following three and a half-month stay in detention, he got extradited to Serbia on April 16, 2003. At the first court date in May 2003, <mask> denied extorting Majkić but admitted slapping him. He was arrested in Operation Sablja, a crackdown on organized crime in Serbia following Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić's assassination, for being the leader of a criminal group that extorted €15,000 from a businessman from Sremska Mitrovica; the sentence was initially 6 years, but the case ended with 1 and a half-year. On the night of March 17, 2004, <mask> and famous Serbian turbo-folk singer Ceca Ražnatović (widow of the murdered Arkan) gathered protesters in front of the government building in Belgrade to rally against the situation in Kosovo where more than 36 Serbian Orthodox Churches had been burned the same day in an outbreak of Muslim Albanian violence against the Serb natives of the province.On December 12, 2005, <mask> got sentenced to six years of prison by the Special Court in Belgrade on illegal arms and racketeering charges of €3,000 and gold jewelry theft from the Arsić's, a married couple from Aranđelovac. The case was appealed and the sentence got reduced to four and a half years, which he served at Zabela prison in Požarevac. On January 9, 2009, he was released from the Zabela prison where he had spent four and a half years. He made a rap song together with Elitni odredi called Jack i Chivas (Jack Daniels and Chivas Regal). He was denied entry to Croatia in 2009 when he was going to fight in the Millenium Fighting Challenge MMA event held in Split, mayor Željko Kerum denied his entrance and police were ready to stop <mask>. "He has a history of crime and suspicious relations with the criminal world and is not welcomed to Split or Croatia, nor be a sport example." On January 16, 2010, <mask>, his mother and five other members of his criminal group were arrested in Belgrade on charges of narcotics trade in Novi Pazar and Belgrade starting in August 2009.He and his two companions were intercepted at a drug exchange of 25 grams of heroin when they exited Saint Mark's Church. He had the previous week been stopped by police who found 180 grams of marijuana in his Audi TT. His friend in the car claimed the marijuana was his and <mask> was held for 4 hours before being set free. The police then searched his home in Višnjica and found a gun and ammunition without a serial number, a Beretta was found in his mother's house. He was sentenced for narcotics trade, illegal arms and explosives possession. He allegedly tried suicide by hanging in his cell the days following the arrest. The motive of the suicide attempt was that he felt devastated that he had caused the arrest of his mother who had nothing to do with this.She is quoted as having said I should have aborted you! He shared cell with Elez gang, leader Darko Elez and Zemun clan hitman Nikola Bajić. His wife was briefly held in March for the finding of a land mine in her car. 2010s
During the 2010s, <mask> was constantly in and out of prison, awaiting trial. In early January 2016, <mask> released a rap song with DeNiro called Živim kao Šef. Also, on May 9, he had his third mixed martial arts fight, returning to the sport 6 years after his previous fight, which he won by disqualification. It was held in Vienna against Agim Abdullahu.He lost the fight by TKO in the first round. After the fight, <mask> made statements on social media that it was rigged and unfair, claiming it was the referee's fault. On March 16, <mask> was sentenced to 4 years and 1 month in the Zabela prison. While in prison. On October 9, <mask> released another rap song called Moj Czas along with a fellow rapper from Poland called Brex. Popular culture
In 1993 he appeared on the album Zbogom, Srbijo by Serbian band Riblja Čorba, singing with band's frontman Bora Đorđević in the song Kamenko i Kremenko (Serbian names of Fred and Barney from The Flintstones). He was part of highly popular reality shows, such as Farma, Zadruga, and Parovi.Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Loss
|align=center|2–1
| Agim Abdullahu
| Submission (TKO)
| Night of Gladiator
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| N/A
| Vienna, Austria
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
|Stanislav Drakov
| DQ (Drakov bit Golubovic's finger)
| WKN Serbia – Kings of the Ring
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| N/A
| Niš, Serbia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Marian Rusu
| TKO (leg injury)
| Ultra FC – Stop the Crime
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:24
| Subotica, Serbia
|

References

External links
 Official website
Fan shop website

 Interview with <mask> Golubović on Palma television

1969 births
Escapees from Greek detention
Heavyweight mixed martial artists
Living people
Gangsters from Belgrade
Sportspeople from Belgrade
Sportspeople from Munich
Prisoners and detainees of Serbia
Serbian male mixed martial artists
Serbian gangsters
Serbian prisoners and detainees
Serbian expatriates in Germany

masks:
Kristijan
" Golubović
Kristijan
Golubović
Kristijan
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubovićrankoman
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Golubović
Kristijan
Kristijan
Kristijan
Golubović
Golubović
Kristijan


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<mask><mask> (July 23, 1898 – March 23, 1973) was an American painter and illustrator who divided his career between Cincinnati and Chicago. He was known for his portraiture and landscapes of western United States. In the latter part of his career he focused on Biblical illustrations. Early life and education
<mask> was born in the Mount Auburn district of Cincinnati in 1898. He was one of five children of German immigrant and shoemaker <mask> and his wife Eleanor. He graduated from Cincinnati's Hughes High School in 1916 where he was named "Best Artist". <mask> began his art training at the Art Academy of Cincinnati in 1912 while a high school student and later while working part time at United States Printing and Lithograph Company in Norwood, Ohio.He studied under many famous Cincinnati artists such as Herman Wessel (1878–1969), James Roy Hopkins (1877–1969), Lewis Henry Meakin (1850–1917), Frank Duveneck (1848–1919) and Caroline Lord (1860–1927). In 1917 he and a group of young artists from the Art Academy of Cincinnati including Bill Bollman, <mask>, Carl Hasz, Arthur Helwig, John Holmer and Dick Sanders started a communal studio in downtown Cincinnati on the south side of Third Street, between Walnut and Main. They called it Russet Studio. In September 1918, <mask> travelled to Stearns, Kentucky with Art Academy of Cincinnati classmate Frank Harmon Myers for a sketching trip. Myers and <mask> later exhibited their work together at Traxel Galleries in Cincinnati and <mask> later exhibited his Kearns paintings in the eastern US, Chicago Art Institute and Cincinnati Art Museum. Professional career
He joined the Cincinnati Art Club in 1919. In 1921 he won second prize in the Chaloner Paris Scholarship competition of the National Academy Museum and School of New York City.He was a guest artist in 1921 and again in 1929 at the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation at Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York. In 1923 he and fellow Art Academy of Cincinnati student, Arthur Helwig, travelled to the Estes Park, Colorado and the Rocky Mountain National Park where the pair focused on landscape painting for a summer. In the summer of 1924 he took a seven-week trip to California, Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, and Rocky Mountains. In 1925 he set up a studio in Chicago where he received numerous commissions for portraiture work. In 1925, he won the Art Institute of Chicago's Peabody Prize for The Little Dancer. In the summer of 1927 he travelled to Glacier National Park and was joined for a few weeks by fellow Cincinnati painter, Matthew A. Daly. With his landscape paintings, <mask> revealed himself as a "colorist of distinction as well as an artist who can command a view of stupendous subjects."His paintings, "realistic to a degree, have a vividness that is almost startling." He travelled again to the West in 1928 with Cincinnati colleague, Wallace Hoess. During his visit he would make small paintings of scenes on the spot and take them back to his studio to paint over the winter. After living in Chicago for nearly 25 years as an illustrator, he returned to Cincinnati in 1951 and established a studio on Highland Avenue. During this time he did a significant body of work for Standard Publishing and Treasure Chest as an illustrator of Biblical books and publications, including Christmas Joy (1955), Prayer Time (1955), Precious Promises (1955) Word of Cheer (1955), Life and Customs in Jesus' Time (1957) and Favorite Psalms (1960). After returning to Cincinnati, <mask> filled his many illustration commissions, and also painted portraits, particularly of institutional and business leaders. His work had a decided illustrative quality.Using bright colors and a realistic technique, <mask>'s paintings reflected his great skill and experience as an illustrator. He served as president of the Professional Artists of Cincinnati in 1956-58 and president of the Cincinnati Art Club from 1965-1967. Exhibitions

<mask> was an invited exhibitor at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., the St. Louis Art Museum and the Cincinnati Art Museum. Group exhibitions
All-Illinois Society of Fine Art Annual 1926

Art Institute of Chicago
 American Annual, 1924 (Still Life: Vegetables), 1925 (The Little Dancer; The Bronze Plate; and Spruce Canyon, Estes Park, Colorado), 1927 (The Elevated)
 Chicago & Vicinity 1926 (Jackson Boulevard, Maurice Tabard and Real Boys), 1930 (Saucer Burial from Porgy & Bess), 1931 (Lantern Fishermen), 1933 (Gustave Ahrenhold)
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, American Annual, 1927

Chicago Galleries Association
 Exhibition of Paintings, 1930. "The portrait of a girl in a red dress, Ruth,…is a beautifully handled portrait and exquisite in its least details." Portraits by Members, 1932
 Exhibition, 1952
Cincinnati Art Club
 Annual Exhibition, 1919. "Frank Myers and <mask> <mask> are two of the youngest members of the club in years, but not in importance as artists…<mask>'s fine draftsmanship and regard for color values are well displayed in his In the Junk Shop and Alford of the Argonne, a portrait of an Indian youth who is a student at the Art Academy.He is shown wrapped in a native blanket." 26th Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture, 1924. Traxel Galleries. Exhibited Before Dusk. Annual Exhibition, 1927. New Art Center, starting 12 November. "When contemplating advancement in art, perhaps <mask> <mask> has made the greatest strides.We sight his Glacier Park paintings for their fine qualities and handsome arrangements. Particularly picturesque is The Hill Farm, where he has obtained a fine tonality." Exhibited Mountain and Meadow Glacier Park and The Hill Farm. Fall Opening Exhibition, 1959. Exhibited Daguerreotype. Fall Opening Exhibition, 1963. "<mask> <mask> has drawn Don Quixote after his heroic combat with the fierce windmill; his nag Rozinante sprawled upside down, and Sancho Panza in fright on his donkey."Cincinnati Art Museum

 Annual Exhibition of American Art, 1919. "<mask> <mask> shows two oils, a portrait, revealing a good likeness of his colleague, Charles Locke, and an excellent still life, a brown teaport and a copper plate composed in a conventional manner but very spirited in handling, which is at once broad and yet so unaffectedly natural." Annual Exhibition of American Art, 1923. Exhibited Still Life. Annual Exhibition of American Art 1924-1928
 Exhibition of the Women's Art Club, 1923
 Annual Exhibition (Water Colors), 1925. "<mask> <mask>'s group, which included two portraits, a difficult think in water color, is unusually fine. His Studio Interior is extremely well done, its small still life carefully rendered, and both the portrait heads are fine, strong and definite and full of character."Spring Exhibition, 1928. <mask>'s Roselle, a portrait of a young woman dressed in a fancy costume, has excellent qualities, besides its technical brilliance… The Elevated … is a fine animated, pulsing record of a personal observation. Portraits of Present Day Cincinnatians, 1933. Exhibited portrait of Dana Dawes. Exhibition of Work by Teachers and Former Students, Art Academy 1938
Cincinnati Art Galleries
 Panorama of Cincinnati Art IV, 1989. The Guitar Player on exhibition. Panorama of Cincinnati Art X, 1995
 Panorama of Cincinnati Art XI, 1996
Corcoran Gallery of Art Biennial, 1926

Dayton Art Institute, 1925.Exhibited Portrait of Arthur Helwig. Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation
 Members' Works, 1922. "<mask> G<mask> uses (color) to good advantage in landscape and his Antique Dealer is one of the best figures." Milwaukee Art Museum

Nebraska Art Association Annual 1926, 1928

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
 Annual, 1925
 Annual Watercolors, 1927
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Sesquicentennial, 1926

Professional Artists of Cincinnati
 Exhibition at Pogues, 1956. Exhibited portrait of John Terrell. Rollman's Swifton Exhibition, 1957
 Exhibition at Pogues, 1958. Exhibited Portrait of a Girl.Annual Exhibit, 1959
St. Louis Art Museum, American Annual, 1926

One to four man exhibitions

1922 Closson Galleries
"Mr. <mask> studied in the Art Academy of Cincinnati, and is now numbered among its most successful graduates. The present collection includes some of his most recent work. There are thirty-four subjects, many of them inspired by Cincinnati land-marks. The price range is from $10 to $60." Exhibited 34 paintings including Monastery Road, Fountain Square, The Red House and Brick Barges. 1924 Traxel Galleries
One man exhibition, 14–26 April. "There is something very sound about Mr. <mask>'s painting, and a definite feeling of good draftsmanship and understanding.His exhibition includes a variety of subject – landscapes, portraits, still life and figure studies. His landscapes were painted last summer at Estes Park, Colo., where he spent several months. One of the large landscapes, which he calls Entrance to Spruce Canyon, is perhaps the handsomest. It is a dramatic rendering of purple lights and brilliant sunshine. The warm rays of the sun, bursting through the clouds for just a moment, have turned everything to gold, and the cool, purple shadows of the trees and rocks give strong contrast. Near Estes Village, a smaller landscape that stands out in the group, is a sparkling rendering of sky and rich luminous mountains that have fine feeling of mass and distance. Of his four or five portraits, the one of a young man, Clarence is the finest.It is a good likeness, well drawn and painted surely and simply, with no struggle for effect, but depending solely on its fine draftsmanship and firm handling." 1924 Western College for Women
A collection of about 30 oils, water colors, and monotypes held in the Art Gallery. "A number of the pictures have been on exhibition at Traxel's in Cincinnati, at the Cincinnati Art Museum and at the Cincinnati Art Club Exhibitions. Several have also been shown in Columbus and at the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." 1928 Closson Galleries
112 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati. One man show on Glacier Park and Estes Park paintings for two weeks from 30 April 1928. "Mr <mask> has taken a high flight, choosing wide horizons and extreme panoramic views.As a landscapist, he has analyzed these views....and they are excellent documents...built up with great consideration for mass formation and stand the test of scale.. Mr. <mask>…has overstepped the bounds of more conventional landscape with such a showing." Featured paintings include: Spruce Canyon, Estes Park, Two Medicine Country, Slope of Appistoki Peak, Mt Henry, Appistoki Creek, St. Mary's Lake, On the Mt. Henry Trail, Near Twin Falls and Going to the Sun Mountain. 1929 Closson Galleries
112 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati. One man show for two weeks from 4 March 1929. "Mr <mask> reveals himself as a colorist of distinction as well as an artist who can command a panoramic view of stupendous subjects – subjects which are honestly seen and rendered with uncommon courage. The paintings, realistic to a degree, have a vividness that is almost startling."Paintings exhibited include: Baring Falls, Swiftcurrent Valley, Early Morning Citadel Peak, Swiftcurrent Falls at Midday, View from Morgan Pass and Rainy Day at Mount Wilbur. 1930 Chicago Galleries Association
220 Michigan Avenue, Chicago. Two-man exhibition with Byron Boyd, to 25 January. "Here again is a contemporary American artist standing on his own feet and painting in his own way uninfluenced by the novelties which so beset this century. Mr. <mask> has joined the increasing band of painters who are finding the grandeurs and beauties of the west and northwest paintable. He shows a number of magnificent mountain pictures… When he leaves the mountain and comes into lower places his brush is equally able." Some of the landscape paintings exhibited were: Swiftcurrent Falls, Baring Falls, Old Man's Lake, Appistoki Peak, Rising Wolf Mountain, New Twin Falls.Other paintings were The Hill Farm, Turn in the Road, White Peonies, Bronze Plate, The Elevated, The Little Dancer, Harriet Dawes, Clare and <mask> and Roselle. 1930 Iowa State University
He had a two-main show with <mask>, 20 May to 9 June in Ames, Iowa. "Wood's portrait of the pioneer, John D. Turner, won first prize at the Iowa state fair last year, and his House in Munich, exhibited here last fall, won the first prize offered last year by the Iowa Federation of Women's clubs. <mask> is a Peabody prize winner at the Art Institute in Chicago." Two months after the show, Wood painted his iconic American Gothic. 1930 Civic Arts Society
One-man show in November. 1933 Chicago Galleries Association
220 North Michigan Avenue.Four young Chicago artists: Karl Brandner, <mask> <mask>, <mask> Ruffolo and C. Warner Williams (a sculptor). 1963 Cincinnati Art Club
Wilbur G. <mask> Retrospective. "<mask> <mask> is an old-fashioned portraitist, presently in a retrospective exhibition at the Cincinnati Art Club, and his work has the quiet, insistent pride of a man certain of his technique and the grounds to which he applies it, as well he may be." Legacy

<mask>'s work continues to appear at auctions and in exhibitions. From 2003 to 2004, Gypsy Girl was on display at the Cincinnati Art Museum as part of its exhibition entitled Exotic and Picturesque People and Places. The Cincinnati-based auction house Cowan's Auction has auctioned nine paintings by <mask> since 2008. <mask>'s Portrait of a Young Man was auctioned by the Art Academy of Cincinnati in 2014.Mountain Landscape, 1927 was auctioned by Leslie Hindman Auctioneers of Denver in 2014. <mask> died in 1973 and is buried at Vine Street Hill Cemetery in Cincinnati. External links

 <mask> G<mask> on Pinterest
 Internet Antique Gazette - <mask> G<mask> - American Artist

References

Artists from Cincinnati
Artists from Chicago
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Painters from Ohio
American portrait painters
1898 births
1973 deaths
People from Loveland, Ohio
American people of German descent

masks:
Wilbur G
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Adam
Jacob Adam
Adam
George Fetick
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Wilbur
Adam
Adam
Wilbur
Adam
Wilbur
Adam
Wilbur
Adam
Wilbur
Adam
Adam
Wilbur
. Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Gertrude
Grant Wood
Adam
Wilbur
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Gasper
Adam
Wilbur
Adam
Adam
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Wilbur
. Adam
Wilbur
. Adam