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<mask>, known as <mask>ve until he gave up his title (11 October 1805 in Munich, Bavaria – 21 August 1870 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary), was a German surgeon, politician, lawyer and publicist, and a revolutionary during the German revolutions of 1848–1849 in Baden Germany. He also spent over a decade in the United States and was active there as a reformer. Early years
Struve was born in Munich the son of a Russian diplomat <mask>, whose family came from the lesser nobility. His father <mask>, after whom he was named, had served as Russian Staff Councilor at the Russian Embassy in Warsaw, Munich and The Hague, and later was the Royal Russian Ambassador at the Badonian court in Karlsruhe. The younger <mask> grew up and went to school in Munich, then studied law at universities in Göttingen and Heidelberg. For a short time (from 1829 to 1831) he was employed in the civil service in Oldenburg, then moved to Baden in 1833 where in 1836 he settled down to work as a lawyer in Mannheim. In Baden, Struve also entered politics by standing up for the liberal members of the Baden parliament in news articles.His point of view headed more and more in a radical democratic, early socialist direction. As editor of the Mannheimer Journal, he was repeatedly condemned to imprisonment. He was compelled in 1846 to retire from the management of this paper. In 1845, Struve married Amalie Düsar on 16 November 1845 and in 1847 he dropped the aristocratic "von" from his surname due to his democratic ideals. He also gave attention to phrenology, and published three books on the subject. Pre-revolutionary period
During Vormärz, the years between the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the revolutions of 1848-49, Struve was strongly against the politics of Metternich, a strict Conservative and reactionary against the democratic movement who ruled Austria at the time and had a strong influence on restoration Germany with his Congress system. The revolution begins
Along with Friedrich Hecker, whom he had met in Mannheim, Struve took on a leading role in the revolutions in Baden (see History of Baden) beginning with the Hecker Uprising, also accompanied by his wife Amalie.Both Hecker and Struve belonged to the radical democratic, anti-monarchist wing of the revolutionaries. In Baden their group was particularly strong in number, with many political societies being founded in the area. When the revolution broke out, Struve published a demand for a federal republic, to include all Germany, but this was rejected by "Pre-Parliament" (Vorparlament), the meeting of politicians and other important German figures which later became the Frankfurt Parliament. Dreams of a federal Germany
Struve wanted to spread his radical dreams for a federal Germany across the country, starting in southwest Germany, and accompanied by Hecker and other revolutionary leaders. They organised the meeting of a revolutionary assembly in Konstanz on 14 April 1848. From there, the Heckerzug (Hecker's column) was to join up with another revolutionary group led by the poet Georg Herwegh and march to Karlsruhe. Few people joined in the march, however, and it was headed off in the Black Forest by troops from Frankfurt.Hecker and Struve fled to Switzerland, where Struve continued to plan the struggle. He published Die Grundrechte des deutschen Volkes (The Basic Rights of the German People) and made a "Plan for the Revolution and Republicanisation of Germany" along with the revolutionary playwright and journalist Karl Heinzen. On 21 September 1848 he made another attempt to start an uprising in Germany, in Lörrach. Once again it failed, and this time Struve was caught and imprisoned. May Uprising in Baden
Struve was freed during the May Uprising in Baden in 1849. Grand Duke Leopold of Baden fled and on 1 June 1849 Struve helped set up a provisionary republican parliament under the liberal politician Lorenz Brentano. Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, later to become Wilhelm I of Germany, set out for Baden with troops.Afraid of a military escalation, Brentano reacted hesitantly - too hesitantly for Struve and his followers, who overthrew him. The revolutionaries took up arms and, led by Ludwik Mieroslawski, tried to hold off the Prussian troops, who far outnumbered them. On 23 July the revolutionaries were defeated after a fierce battle at Rastatt and the revolution came to an end. Post-revolutionary life
<mask>, along with other revolutionaries, managed to escape execution, fleeing to exile, first in Switzerland and then in 1851 to the US. In the USA, Struve lived for a time in Philadelphia. He edited Der Deutsche Zuschauer (The German Observer) in New York City, but soon discontinued its publication because of insufficient support. He wrote several novels and a drama in German, and then in 1852 undertook, with the assistance of his wife, the composition of a universal history from the standpoint of radical republicanism.The result, Weltgeschichte (World History), was published in 1860. It was the major literary product of his career and the result of 30 years of study. From 1858 to 1859, he edited Die Sociale Republik. He also promoted German public schools in New York City. In 1856, he supported John Frémont for U.S. president. In 1860, he supported Abraham Lincoln. At the start of the 1860s, Struve joined in the American Civil War in the Union Army, a captain under Blenker, and one of the many German emigrant soldiers known as the Forty-Eighters.He resigned a short time later to avoid serving under Blenker's successor, the Prussian Prince Felix Salm-Salm. <mask> was an abolitionist, and opposed plans to create a colony of freed slaves in Liberia because he thought it would hinder the abolition of slavery in the United States. Return to Germany
He never became naturalized since he felt his primary objective was to battle the despots of Europe. In 1863, a general amnesty was issued to all those who had been involved in the revolutions in Germany, and Struve returned to Germany. His first wife had died in Staten Island in 1862. Back in Germany, he married a Frau von Centener. Lincoln appointed him U. S. consul at Sonneberg in 1865, but the Thuringian states refused to issue his exequatur due to his radical writings.On 21 August 1870 he died in Vienna where he had settled in 1869. Vegetarianism
Struve was a leading figure in the initial stage of the German vegetarian movement. He had become a vegetarian in 1832 under the influence of Rousseau's treatise Émile. Struve authored the first German vegetarian-themed novel, Mandaras Wanderungen in 1833. He founded the Vegetarische Gesellschaft Stuttgart (Stuttgart Vegetarian Society) in 1868. He wrote the vegetarian book Pflanzenkost, in 1869. Historian Corinna Treitel has noted that Struve linked "vegetarianism to republican self governance."

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<mask>'<mask>. (born March 26, 1989) is an American football outside linebacker for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). <mask> played college football at Texas A&M, where he earned consensus All-American honors and was awarded the Butkus Award as the most outstanding college linebacker in the nation. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos second overall in the 2011 NFL Draft. Considered a lock for the Hall of Fame, <mask> is an eight-time Pro Bowl selection, receiving first-team All-Pro honors three times and second-team All-Pro honors four times. As of 2022, he has the most career sacks of any active player, and the most career sacks in Denver Broncos history, at 110.5. At the conclusion of the 2015 NFL season, <mask> was named Super Bowl MVP after the Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50. In 2021, <mask> was traded to the Los Angeles Rams.The Rams went on to win Super Bowl LVI, earning <mask> his second Super Bowl win. High school career
Born <mask>'Vsean <mask>. on March 26, 1989 in Dallas, he attended DeSoto High School in DeSoto, Texas, playing for the DeSoto Eagles high school football team and ran track. In his junior year, he recorded 37 tackles, 14 tackles for loss, 7 sacks and 12 quarterback hurries. As a senior, he was named the District 8-5A Defensive MVP after making 76 tackles, 14 tackles for loss and 6 sacks. He played with future Aggie teammate Cyrus Gray. In track & field, <mask> competed in events such as the 110m hurdles (PR of 14.38 s), triple jump (PR of 12.65 m), and javelin throw (PR of 37.24 m). Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, <mask> was listed as the No.15 weakside defensive end in the nation in 2007. He chose Texas A&M over offers from Florida, Ole Miss, Oklahoma and Texas Tech. College career
<mask> attended Texas A&M University, where he played for the Texas A&M Aggies football team from 2007 to 2010. As a freshman at defensive end in 2007, he was named Freshman All-Big 12 by The Sporting News after posting 22 tackles, including 10 solo stops. He recorded two sacks, four tackles for loss, and a forced fumble. He played in a 4-2-5 defense. He weighed 220 pounds during his freshman year.In Spring 2008, newly hired head coach Mike Sherman was discouraged by <mask>'s habits of skipping class and failing to produce during practice. Sherman decided to suspend <mask> for that spring. Disappointed, <mask> considered transferring, but upon his father's insistence, stayed. <mask> then adopted a more serious attitude. As a sophomore in 2008, <mask> played at weakside linebacker under Joe Kines's 4–3 defense. He saw action in all 12 games, making 44 tackles, including 25 solo stops, and leading the team with 3.5 sacks. He made 7.5 tackles for loss, forced two fumbles, and recovered two more.His role was more confined to pass coverage, as opposed to rushing the quarterback, thus he wasn't able to showcase his pass-rushing abilities. In the final seven Big 12 games, he compiled just eight tackles. As a junior in 2009, <mask> adopted the role of the jack position, a defensive end/linebacker hybrid, which allowed him to utilize his pass rushing abilities. He enjoyed a breakout season for the Aggies, leading the nation in sacks with 17 and ranking fourth in the nation with 21 tackles for loss. For his efforts, <mask> was named first team All Big-12 at defensive end and was named a first-team All-American by Sporting News and Sports Illustrated. He became the first Aggie to be named a first team All-American since Jason Webster in 1999. Then-Aggies defensive coordinator Joe Kines compared <mask> to the late Derrick Thomas.<mask> then studied and watched film of Thomas to familiarize himself with his game. As a senior in 2010, <mask> switched to playing as a 3–4 outside linebacker under Tim DeRuyter's defense. Early in the season, <mask> suffered a high ankle sprain that held him back for the first six games. He posted 10.5 sacks and 17.5 tackles for loss. Again he made first-team All-Big 12 honors and won the Butkus Award as the nation's top linebacker. He was also named a consensus first-team All-American. He received first team All-American honors from Walter Camp, Scout.com, Pro Football Weekly, ESPN.com and the Associated Press.<mask> graduated with a degree in poultry science and raises chickens in his spare time. Collegiate statistics

Professional career
<mask> was projected to be a second round pick in the 2010 NFL Draft had he passed on his senior season. He entered the 2011 NFL Draft regarded as one of the best 3–4 outside linebackers available by NFL draft experts and scouts and was projected to be a top five draft pick. At the 2011 Senior Bowl, <mask> was the Defensive MVP. Among linebackers at the 2011 NFL Combine, <mask> ranked 2nd in the 40-yard dash, 3rd in the vertical jump, 1st in the broad jump, 3rd in the 20-yard shuttle, T-1st in the 3-cone drill, and 1st in the 60-yard shuttle. His 11.15-second 60-yard shuttle broke the combine linebacker record. At the Texas A&M Pro Day in March 2011, <mask> ran a 4.49 40-yard dash.In March 2011, <mask> was selected to represent top flight rookies in the NFL Labor Union talks. He was persuaded by former NFL running back LaDainian Tomlinson to join the lawsuit. During the Texas A&M Pro Day one scout compared him to Hall of Famer Derrick Thomas, while Bengals defensive coordinator Mike Zimmer compared him to Cardinals linebacker Joey Porter. NFL Network Analyst Mike Mayock, who rated <mask> as the second-best player in the draft, stated that <mask> reminded him of a smaller version of DeMarcus Ware. <mask>'s then-personal trainer, Dan Brandenburg, who also worked with first round picks Clay Matthews III and Sean Weatherspoon, stated <mask> is the best athlete of all three. Denver Broncos
<mask> was drafted by the Denver Broncos second overall in the 2011 NFL Draft. He was the highest selected linebacker since LaVar Arrington went No.2 to the Washington Redskins in 2000. He also became the Aggies' highest draft pick since Quentin Coryatt, who was selected second overall in 1992. The selection of <mask> surprised certain experts. Denver was switching from a 3–4 defense to a 4–3, a defense which seemed counter-intuitive to <mask>'s strengths. Former Broncos quarterback John Elway, who is also the executive vice president of the franchise, said <mask> is "a type of guy that comes around every 10 years". On July 28, 2011, <mask> signed his rookie contract. He wore No.58 in honor of Pro Football Hall of Fame linebacker Derrick Thomas. 2011 season

On September 12, 2011, in his first career play from scrimmage, <mask> forced a fumble against the Oakland Raiders. On September 18, 2011, he had his first sack on Andy Dalton when the Broncos played the Cincinnati Bengals. <mask> was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his Week 11 performance against the New York Jets. The Broncos made the playoffs and faced off against the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Wild Card Round. In his playoff debut, <mask> had three solo tackles and one quarterback hit in the 29–23 overtime victory. In the Divisional Round against the New England Patriots, he had two quarterback hits in the 45-10 loss.<mask> was selected to the 2012 Pro Bowl and was named AP Defensive Rookie of the Year. Overall, in 907 snaps, he recorded 11.5 sacks, 19 quarterback hits and 29 quarterback hurries. He was fined three times during the season. 2012 season

<mask> got off to a quick start in his second season, registering 10 sacks in nine games. In this period, he recorded 30 quarterback hurries, more than he had during his entire 2011 campaign. Thanks to this tremendous start, he was considered an MVP candidate. On November 16, he was fined $21,000 for a hit on Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton in Week 10.He received his second career AFC Defensive Player of the Week honor after recording three sacks and two forced fumbles against the San Diego Chargers the following week. For his efforts during the month of November, he was awarded AFC Defensive Player of the Month. On December 26, 2012, he was announced the starting Outside Linebacker in the AFC division for the 2013 Pro Bowl. <mask> finished the season third in sacks with eighteen and a half, breaking a Denver Broncos record of seventeen previously held by Elvis Dumervil. He also capped off the 2012 season finishing second in voting for Defensive Player of the Year and being named first-team All-Pro. In the Divisional Round of the playoffs, <mask> had nine total tackles and two quarterback hits in the 38–35 2OT loss to the Baltimore Ravens. In 2012, <mask> teamed up with Ubisoft, makers of the video game The Hip Hop Dance Experience, to create his very own sack celebration dance called "The DeSoto Shuffle" that was inspired by the video game.Each time he performed the dance during a game, Ubisoft made a charitable donation to Von's Vision, a foundation devoted to providing eye care and glasses to underprivileged youth. 2013 season

Prior to the 2013 season, NFL Network listed <mask> as the 9th-ranked player in its NFL: The Top 100 Players of 2013 program, which is voted on by players in the NFL. In July 2013, ESPN reported that <mask> had been suspended four games for violating league policy, pending appeal. He tweeted that he did "nothing wrong". In August 2013, he lost the appeal and was suspended for six games. The six-game suspension arose after the NFL learned that he attempted to cheat a drug test. He became eligible to play on October 20, 2013, when the Broncos played the Indianapolis Colts.On November 24, in a loss to the New England Patriots, he recovered a Stevan Ridley fumble and took it 60 yards for a touchdown. It was the second touchdown of his career. He did fairly well upon his return, but his season was ended prematurely when he tore his ACL on December 22, 2013 during a win on the road at the Houston Texans. Without <mask>, the Broncos reached Super Bowl XLVIII, but lost 43–8 to the Seattle Seahawks. 2014 season

After recovering from his ACL injury, <mask> looked to improve his play in his fourth season with the Broncos. He did so with

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 14 sacks, 59 tackles, and a forced fumble. In the Divisional Round of the playoffs against the Indianapolis Colts, he had six total tackles and one quarterback hit in the 24–13 loss.2015 season

On September 17, 2015, <mask> became the third-fastest player in NFL history to reach 50 sacks career (58 games). The only ones to get there faster than him were Reggie White (40 games) and Derrick Thomas (54). Overall, in the 2015 season, <mask> finished with 11 sacks, 35 total tackles, 32 quarterback hits, one pass defensed, and four forced fumbles. In the Divisional Round against the Pittsburgh Steelers, he had two total tackles in the 23–16 victory. During the AFC Championship against the New England Patriots, <mask> sacked Tom Brady 2.5 times, breaking a Broncos single-game playoff record and also had an interception in the second quarter of the game. In Super Bowl 50, facing the heavily favored Carolina Panthers who held the top-ranked offense, the Broncos won 24–10. In the first quarter, on a 3rd-and-10 from the 15-yard line, <mask> knocked the ball out of Panthers quarterback Cam Newton's hands while sacking him, and defensive end Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone for a Broncos touchdown, giving the team a 10–0 lead.This was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXVIII. With 4:51 left in regulation and the Broncos leading 16–10, <mask> forced a second fumble from Newton to end the Panthers' potential game-winning drive, and the Broncos offense afterwards scored a touchdown to seal the victory. <mask> recorded six tackles, 2.5 sacks, two forced fumbles, and two quarterback hurries, and was named Super Bowl MVP for his performance. <mask> was named to his fourth Pro Bowl, earned his second First-team All-Pro, and was ranked 15th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. 2016 season

On March 1, 2016, the Broncos placed the exclusive franchise tag on <mask>. On July 15, <mask> signed a 6-year deal worth $114.5 million featuring $70 million guaranteed with the Broncos. He became the highest paid defensive player in NFL history, with the highest amount of guaranteed salary.<mask> finished the 2016 regular season with 13.5 sacks and 24 quarterback hits. In the last four games of the season, <mask> did not record a sack, which was the longest such stretch in his career. He was named to his fifth career and third consecutive Pro Bowl, and his third First-team All-Pro, and was ranked second by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 as the highest ranked defensive player. 2017 season

On December 19, 2017, <mask> was named to his sixth Pro Bowl. <mask> was named the 2018 Pro Bowl defensive MVP. In the 2017 season, he recorded his fourth consecutive season with at least ten sacks. He was ranked ninth by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.2018 season

In the Broncos' 2018 season opener against the Seattle Seahawks, <mask> recorded three sacks and seven total tackles in the 27–24 victory. In Week 11, <mask> intercepted Philip Rivers and returned it 42 yards to set up a touchdown, which helped ignite a 23-22 comeback win over the Los Angeles Chargers, earning him AFC Defensive Player of the Week. During the 2018 season, <mask> recorded his 100th career sack (including postseason sacks), becoming the 5th-fastest player in NFL history to do so. He was also selected to the 2019 Pro Bowl as a starting outside linebacker, which was his seventh career and fifth consecutive Pro Bowl. 2019 season

In week 4 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, <mask> sacked Gardner Minshew II twice in the 26-24 loss. <mask>'s second sack of the game was the 100th sack of his career. He was also selected to the 2020 Pro Bowl as a starting outside linebacker, which was his eighth career and sixth consecutive Pro Bowl.2020 season

During practice on September 8, 2020, <mask> suffered what was called a “freak injury near the ankle”, and it was feared that season-ending surgery was required. An MRI the next day revealed that the injury was
a dislocated peroneal tendon, and <mask> was subsequently placed on injured reserve. 2021 season

In March 2021, the Broncos exercised the 2021 year option in <mask>'s contract. His contract, which entered its final year, guarantees $7 million of his base salary of $17.5 million in 2021. <mask> recorded 4.5 sacks and 17 tackles in six games before spraining his ankle in a Thursday Night Football game against the Cleveland Browns on October 21, 2021, which would end up being his final game as a Bronco. Los Angeles Rams
<mask> was traded to the Los Angeles Rams in exchange for a second and third-round draft pick in the 2022 NFL Draft on November 1, 2021. At the time of the trade, <mask> was the longest-tenured Bronco, and the only remaining non-special teams player from Denver's Super Bowl 50 roster.In an emotional interview following his trade, <mask> held back tears, saying "I love Broncos Country. When I said 'Broncos for life,' I meant that. It was an honor and a privilege to play here.” <mask> chose to wear number 40 for the Rams, his number at Texas A&M, with the familial blessing of Rams legend Elroy Hirsch since his number 58 was taken by Justin Hollins. 2021 season

In Week 10, <mask> made his Rams debut on Monday Night Football and tallied 3 tackles in a 31–10 loss to the San Francisco 49ers. In Week 15, in a 20-10 home win, <mask> notched his first sack as Ram against Seattle Seahawks QB Russell Wilson. In Week 16, <mask> recorded a sack against Kirk Cousins in a 30–23 road win over the Minnesota Vikings. In Week 17, <mask> had his best game as a Ram by notching 2 sacks and 5 tackles including the game-sealing sack on Baltimore Ravens QB Tyler Huntley in the 20–19 victory.Overall in the 2021 season, <mask> recorded 50 tackles, 9.5 sacks, one pass defended, and one forced fumble in 15 games played. <mask> helped the Rams win Super Bowl LVI 23-20 against the Cincinnati Bengals. <mask> recorded 2 sacks in the game. His multi-sack performance makes him only the second player to ever have multiple Super Bowl games with multiple sacks. The other is Justin Tuck of the New York Giants. He also tied Charles Haley's record for most career Super Bowl sacks at 4.5 sacks, despite playing in three fewer Super Bowls than Haley. NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Broncos franchise records
As of his departure from the team in 2021, <mask> holds five Broncos franchise records for sacks, including:
 Career (110.5 sacks)
 Single season (18.5 in 2012)
 Playoff career (6.5)
 Single playoff season (5 in 2015)
 Single playoff game (2.5 on both January 24, 2016 against the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship and February 7, 2016 against the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50)

NFL records
 Most sacks in the Super Bowl – 4.5 (50, LVI) (tied with Charles Haley)

Personal life
<mask> was born in Dallas, Texas, to parents <mask> and <mask> and grew up in the Dallas suburb of DeSoto, Texas.His parents, who were both athletes in high school and college, own a power supply business. He has a younger brother Vinsynzie "Vins". Having majored in poultry science at Texas A&M, <mask> operates his own farm, raising chickens. In August 2013, <mask> was arrested on a failure to appear warrant for driving-related charges in October 2012. In September 2013, <mask> was cited for speeding and driving with a suspended license in Arapahoe County, Colorado. In April 2018, while on a guided fishing tour off the coast of Florida, <mask> is alleged to have illegally landed and improperly catch and released a hammerhead shark. In April 2020, <mask> was diagnosed with COVID-19, recovering from it by the following month.Von's Vision
In 2012, <mask> created Von's Vision to provide Denver-area youth with eye examinations and eyewear. Von's Vision hosts Von's Vision Days throughout the year to provide children with free eye exams and glasses. The organization hosts two events for Denver-area children: Von's Vision Day and <mask>'s Back to School Vision Day. Von's Vision Day is a two-day program. The foundation partners with national and regional eyewear retailers to provide a citywide vision day for low-income Denver children. On the first day of the program, children receive free screenings, and if needed, free eye exams and an invitation to pick up their corrective eyewear at a later date. After the prescription glasses have been cut, <mask> hosts a party where children are fitted for their glasses.Children have the opportunity to interact with <mask> and feel comfortable in their new glasses. In popular culture
<mask> was referenced in South Park during the season 20 episode "Oh, Jeez" when Gerald Broflovski is sent to Denmark under the alias "Ambassador <mask>"; this has been one of the show's numerous references to the Broncos, as many characters living in the series's titular town are fans of the team. On March 8, 2016, <mask> was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 22 of Dancing with the Stars. He was partnered with professional dancer Witney Carson. On May 2, 2016, during a double elimination, <mask> and Carson were eliminated and finished the competition in 8th place. During a Celebrity Wheel of Fortune episode aired January 30, 2022 (the same date Miller's Rams played in the 2021-22 NFC Championship Game), <mask> won the minimum $30,000 for his selected charity, Von’s Vision. References

External links

 Los Angeles Rams bio
 Texas A&M Aggies bio
 NFL combine profile

1989 births
Living people
100 Sacks Club
African-American players of American football
All-American college football players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football defensive ends
American football linebackers
American YouTubers
Denver Broncos players
Gaming YouTubers
Los Angeles Rams players
Male YouTubers
National Football League Defensive Rookie of the Year Award winners
People from DeSoto, Texas
Players of American football from Dallas
Players of American football from Denver
Super Bowl MVPs
Texas A&M Aggies football players
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players
Video game commentators
YouTubers from

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<mask>, Order of the Star of India (27 April 1819 – 11 July 1905) was a Scottish Orientalist, and colonial administrator, Principal of the University of Edinburgh and Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Provinces of British India. Life

He was born at Glasgow the son of <mask> (1783–1820),a merchant, and Helen Macfie (1784–1866). His older brother was <mask>, the Indologist and Sanskrit scholar. He was educated at Kilmarnock Academy, the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and Haileybury College. In 1837 he entered the Bengal civil service. <mask> served as secretary to the governor of the North-West Provinces, and as a member of the Agra revenue board, and during the Mutiny he was in charge of the intelligence department there. In 1865 he was made foreign secretary to the Indian Government.In 1867 <mask> was knighted (K.C.S.I. ), and in 1868 he became lieutenant-governor of the North Western Provinces. Having been criticised for the poor relief effort during the Orissa famine of 1866, the British began to discuss famine policy, and in 1868 <mask> issued an order stating that:  In 1874 <mask> was appointed financial member of the Viceroy's Council, and retired in 1876, when he became a member of the Council of India in London. James Thomason served as <mask>'s mentor with respect to Imperial administration; <mask> later wrote an influential biography of Thomason. <mask> had always taken an interest in educational matters, and it was chiefly through his exertions that the central college at Allahabad, known as Muir Central College, was built and endowed. Muir College later became a part of the Allahabad University. In 1884 <mask> was elected president of the Royal Asiatic Society.In 1885 he was elected principal of the University of Edinburgh in succession to Sir Alexander Grant, and held the post till 1903, when he retired. On 7 February 1840, he married Elizabeth Huntly (1822–1897), daughter of James Wemyss, collector of Cawnpore, and together they had 15 children. He died in Edinburgh, and is buried in Dean Cemetery. The grave lies in the concealed lower southern terrace. Works, reception, and legacy
<mask> was a scholar of Islam. His chief area of expertise was the history of the time of Muhammad and the early caliphate. His chief books are A Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira; Annals of the Early Caliphate; The Caliphate: Its rise, decline and fall, an abridgment and continuation of the Annals, which brings the record down to the fall of the caliphate on the onset of the Mongols; The Koran: its Composition and Teaching; and The Mohammedan Controversy, a reprint of five essays published at intervals between 1885 and 1887.In 1888 he delivered the Rede lecture at Cambridge on The Early Caliphate and Rise of Islam. Life of Mahomet

His original book "A Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira" was initially published 1861 in four volumes. The book received attention in both literary and missionary circles, and provoked responses ranging from appreciation to criticism. It would eventually evoke a rebuttal from Sayyid Ahmad Khan. <mask>'s contemporary reviewers of his Life of Mahomet uniformly praised him for his knowledge of Arabic. The only competing work in Britain at the time was a book by Harrow schoolmaster Reginald Bosworth Smith, who had no Arabic language skills. The work was also praised by Christian missionaries who welcomed it as an aid to convert Muslims.Contemporary historian E. A. Freeman praised the book as a "great work", yet questioned its conjectural methodology, particularly <mask>'s suggestion that Muhammad was inspired by Satan. Contemporary Aloys Sprenger also criticized <mask> for ascribing Islam's origins to "the Devil". The British Quarterly Review of 1872 criticized his approach as "he is treading ground whither the historian of events and creeds must refuse to follow him". A significant rebuttal to <mask>'s book was written Syed Ahmed Khan in 1870 called A Series of Essays on the Life of Mohammed, and Subjects Subsidiary Thereto. Khan praised <mask>'s writing talent and familiarity with Oriental literature, but criticized <mask>'s reliable on weak sources like al-Waqidi. He accused <mask> of misrepresenting the facts and writing with animus. Written objections to this aspect of Life could be found in the writings of Muslims living inside British India only after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, an unsuccessful uprising against the East India Company.Later reviews of the work have also been mixed, with many scholars describing <mask>'s work as polemical. W. M. Watt (1961) described <mask>'s Life as following "in detail the standard Muslim accounts, though not uncritically". Mohammed Hussein Heikal regarded <mask>'s work as an argumentum ad hominem fallacy. Albert Hourani (1980) said <mask>'s writing, while "still not quite superseded", regarded Muhammad as "the Devil's instrument" and Muslim society as "barren and bound to remain so". Aaron W. Hughes (2012) writes that <mask>'s work was part of a European Orientalist tradition that sought to show that Islam was "a corruption, a garbled version of existing monotheisms". Bennett (1998) praises it as "a detailed life of Muhammad more complete than almost any other previous book, at least in English," noting however that besides "placing the facts of Muhammad's life before both Muslim and Christian readers, <mask> wanted to convince Muslims that Muhammad was not worth their allegiance. He thus combined scholarly and evangelical or missionary purposes."Commenting on <mask>'s conjecture that Muhammad may have been affected by a Satanic influence, Clinton Bennett says that <mask> "chose to resurrect another old Christian theory", and quotes the following passage from <mask>'s 1858 Life, vol. 2:

In the final chapters of Life, <mask> concluded that the main legacy of Islam was a negative one, and he subdivided it in "three radical evils":

According to Edward Said, although <mask>'s Life of Mahomet and The Caliphate "are still considered reliable monuments of scholarship", his work was characterized by an "impressive antipathy to the Orient, Islam and the Arabs", and "his attitude towards his subject matter was fairly put by him when he said that 'the sword of Muhammed, and the Kor'an, are the most stubborn enemies of Civilisation, Liberty, and the Truth which the world has yet known'". Daniel Martin Varisco rejects Said's assessment that <mask>'s Life was considered reliable by the 1970s. He writes "Serious historians had long since relegated <mask>'s work to the rare-books sections of their libraries." Other works
<mask>'s later Annals was received with fewer reservations by the Times reviewer and other newspapers of the day. It was the Annals that established <mask>'s reputation as a leading scholar on Islam in Britain. Nevertheless, his earlier hypercritical Life of Mahomet was used as a poster child by contemporary Muslim commentators—especially by Indian ones connected to the movement of Syed Ahmed Khan—to dismiss all criticism of their society emanating from Western scholars.Syed Ameer Ali went as far as to declare <mask> "Islam's avowed enemy". An illustrative aspect in the evolution of <mask>'s positions is his stance on the Crusades. In his writings of the 1840s, he goaded Christian scholars to verbal warfare against Muslims using aggressive crusader imagery. Fifty year later, <mask> redirected the invective hitherto reserved for the Muslims to the crusading leaders and armies, and while still finding some faults with the former, he praised Saladin for knightly values. (<mask>'s anti-Catholic animus may have played a role in this too.) Despite his later writings, <mask>'s reputation as an unfair critic of Islam remained strong in Muslim circles. Powell finds that <mask> deserves much of the criticism laid by Edward Said and his followers against 19th century Western scholarship on Islam.<mask> was a committed Evangelical Christian and was invited to preface many missionary biographies and memoirs, speak at conferences and to publicise Zenana missions. He wrote "If Christianity is anything, it must be everything. It cannot brook a rival, nor cease to wage war against all other faiths, without losing its strength and virtue." In his official capacity as principal of Edinburgh University, <mask> chaired many meetings of Evangelists at the university, organised to support overseas missionary efforts, and addressed by speakers such as Henry Drummond. In India, <mask> founded the Indian Christian village Muirabad, near Allahabad. <mask> was impressed with the discovery of the Apology of al-Kindy; he lectured on it at the Royal Asiatic Society, presenting it as an important link in what he saw as a chain of notable conversions to Christianity, and later he published the translated sources. A proselytising text, Bakoorah shahiya (Sweet First Fruits) was published under his name as well, but this work had actually been written by a convert to Protestantism from Eastern Orthodox Christianity.In The Mohammedan Controversy, he wrote:

Daniel Pipes investigated the origin of the phrase "Satanic Verses", and concluded that despite Salman Rushdie's claim that he had borrowed the phrase from Tabari, the earliest traceable occurrence is in <mask>'s Life of Mohamet (1858) in a passage discussing "two Satanic verses". The phrase does not appear in the revised edition of 1912 though. Statuary
A marble statue by George Blackall Simmonds was erected in his honour and unveiled by the then Viceroy of India at the opening of Muir College on 8 April 1886, and was still there in 2012. Another was proposed for the Muslim college, but due to opposition the scheme was dropped. Family
He was the brother of the indologist <mask>. He married Elizabeth Huntly Wemyss in 1840 (died 1897), and had five sons and six daughters; four of his sons served in India, and one of them, Colonel A. M<mask> (died 1899), was Political Officer for South Baluchistan, and was acting British Resident in Nepal when he died. Publications
The Life of Muhammad and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira
 Vols.1–2 published in 1858 by Smith, Elder, & Co.
 Vols. 3–4 published in 1861 by Smith, Elder, & Co. together with a reprinting of the first two volumes; title shortened to The Life of Muhammad. The life of Muhammad from original sources
 2nd abridged one-volume ed. of the above published in 1878, xi+errata slip, xxviii, 624 pp. London: Smith, Elder, & Co.
 3rd abridged ed. published in 1894 by Smith, Elder, & Co., ciii, 536 p.
 posthumously revised ed. by Thomas Hunter Weir published in 1912 as The life of Mohammad from original sources, cxix, 556 pp.The Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt, 1260–1517 AD, end of the Caliphate
The Caliphate: Its rise, decline and fall
The Apology of al-Kindy, 1882
Annals of the Early Caliphate
The Sources of Islam, A Persian Treatise, by the Rev. W. St. Clair-Tisdall, translated and abridged by W. M. 1901. Edinburgh, T & T Clark. Records of the Intelligence Department of the Government of the North-West Provinces of India during the Mutiny of 1857 including correspondence with the supreme government, Delhi, Cawnpore, and other places. 1902. 2 vols, Edinburgh, T & T Clark. Agra in the Mutiny: And the Family Life of W. & E. H. Muir in the Fort, 1857 : a Sketch for Their Children.1896. 59 pp. Privately  published. Two Old Faiths: Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans. J. Murray Mitchell and Sir <mask>. 1901. New York: Chautauqua Press.Muhammad and Islam
The Rise and Decline of Islam
The Lord's Supper: an abiding witness to the death of Christ
Sweet First-Fruits. A tale of the Nineteenth Century, on the truth and virtue of the Christian Religion
The Beacon of Truth; or, Testimony of the Coran to the Truth of the Christian Religion, 1894
The Mohammedan Controversy, 1897
James Thomason, lieutenant-governor N.-W. P., India, 1897
The Teaching of the Coran
 The Opium Revenue (1875)

See also
Orientalism
Origin and development of the Qur'an

References

Notes

 Ansari, K. Humayun. "The Muslim World in British Historical Imaginations: 'Re-thinking Orientalism'?" British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (2011) 38#1 pp: 73-93

Attribution:

External links

1819 births
1905 deaths
Civil servants from Glasgow
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
People educated at Kilmarnock Academy
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Historians of Islam
Principals of the University of Edinburgh
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Members of the Council of India
Presidents of the Royal Asiatic Society
Scottish orientalists
Scottish people of the British Empire
19th-century Scottish writers
Burials at the Dean Cemetery

masks:
Sir William Muir
William Muir
John Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
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William Muir
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John Muir
. Muir
William Muir


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<mask> (17 April 1931 – 2 July 2021) was an American-German jazz and pop singer, journalist and actor famous for his German-language hits. He returned to Germany a year after he had served compulsory military service with the U.S. Air Force there. Active as a singer of jazz and pop already as a soldier, he made a career in different fields of musical entertainment. He sang and recorded German schlager, also German-language cover versions of English hits, jazz and swing. He appeared in films and television series, and ran popular series on radio and television as presenter. Biography
<mask>, called <mask>, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of a teacher and an advertising manager for Procter & Gamble. In his youth, he sang in a college dance band.He began to study sociology and business from 1949 to 1951 at Yale University in New Haven and sang jazz, swing and blues in the evenings. His greatest influences were Count Basie, Nat King Cole, Duke Ellington and Louis Jordan. Due to the Korean War, compulsory military service was again introduced in the US and <mask> served with the U.S. Air Force in Germany. During this time period, he appeared in clubs like the  in Frankfurt. He was discovered by an employee of the American Forces Network (AFN), and hired to entertain troops. There <mask> advanced to executive producer and though still in service, spent more time on appearances at festivals. As of 1953, he appeared with, among others, band leaders Ernst Mosch, Paul Kuhn, Kurt Edelhagen and James Last.The jazz pianist and music producer  organized an appearance with Hessischer Rundfunk for <mask> in 1955. There he did playback recordings for the musical film  (Love, dance and 1000 hits) with Peter Alexander and Caterina Valente. Upon his discharge from the military in 1957, he continued his studies in the U.S. and returned to Frankfurt a year later. Gietz took <mask> under contract in 1958 and in the same year his first single with Polydor was released. It was a small but respectable success and launched the style, with which ”the man with the black voice” would land hits in the future. The music was oriented on the Anglo American pop music hits of that period. Among <mask>'s hits published in the 1950s and 1960s were German-language cover versions of Hank Ballard, The Beatles, Fats Domino, Ivory Joe Hunter, Roger Miller, Elvis Presley, Jimmie Rodgers, Andy Williams, Sheb Wooley and others.In addition, he performed numerous originals, which were composed almost exclusively by Gietz. The ironic lyrics of Kurt Feltz and  often commented on current events. <mask> and Gietz signed with Columbia label EMI Group in 1962, where they would continue their success. As beat music changed the market in the 1960s, <mask> was a regular on the German charts. In the second half of the 1960s <mask> took up predominantly English-language songs and dedicated himself again to jazz and blues. In this musically varied decade he presented operettas, musical and beat songs, as well as an LP with children's songs. <mask> switched labels to Gietz's record company Cornet in 1966, and later in the same year to Polydor.He appeared on different labels in the 1970s. <mask> appeared regularly as a pop and jazz singer, mostly in duets with the guitarist Juraj Galan, with whom he released several albums. The duo's LP Live in the House of Commons won the German record critics prize. From the late 1980s, <mask> presented Swingtime each Friday on Hessischer Rundfunk until 2019. In 2008 and 2009 he went on tour with  and  as Swing legends. He was a  lecturer for many years at Hamburg University for Music and Performing Arts. He had a lead speaking role in the audio play for children Der kleine Tag in 1999.Television
His popularity led to numerous appearances in film and television, where he appeared as a singer and in comedy roles. <mask> had numerous television appearances, acted in 28 films and toured through Europe, the US, and North Africa. He presented the television shows Hits for Schlappohren (1971) and  (Talent shed) (1974 to 1980), among others. Personal
<mask> lived for 20 years in Zürich, later in Wiesbaden, and from 1991 onward with his fourth wife Petra in Hamburg. He became a German citizen on 17 October 1984. His wife, a physician, also worked as his manager. <mask> died at his home in Hamburg at the age of 90 on 2 July 2021.

masks:
William McCreery Ramsey
William McCreery Ramsey
Bill
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
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<mask> (born Judith Carr), also known as Aunt Peg, (July 23, 1938 – January 11, 2010) was an American pornographic actress and adult movie producer, relationship counselor and author. Entering the adult movie business relatively late in life (at age 39), she quickly built a reputation as one of the premier performers in the so-called "Golden Age of Porn", appearing in over seventy films—often as "Aunt Peg", a role portrayed as a giddy, insatiable woman determined to enjoy life and sex to the maximum extent possible. In 1987, she started a new career as a relationship counselor and massage therapist, before returning to adult entertainment in the mid-1990s. Early life
Judith Carr was born and grew up in Burbank, California, the daughter of a jazz trumpet player and an aspiring nurse. She was afflicted with both childhood arthritis and Crohn's disease and spent a sizable portion of her youth in the hospital or on bedrest. Graduating from Burbank High School in 1956 (where she was a straight-A student), she briefly attended Long Beach State College as an art major before relocating to Hayama, Japan, in 1961, with her then lover, a Navy sailor. A brief marriage to him did not work out, ending in 1964, and she spent the next thirteen years in various occupations, including clerical worker, teaching assistant in kindergarten and high school, and English as a Second Language teacher, and working as a radio journalist in Finland.In 1963, while living in Miami, she was secretary to a producer of "nudie" movies and a receptionist at the Burger King home office; she also worked for Avis during this period. In her website autobiography, she indicates that she appeared in an (unnamed) sexploitation film in 1963, portraying a police sergeant. During this time, she was known by her birth name of Judith Carr. She did not begin using the moniker "<mask>" until later in her adult film career, when she made the transition from 8mm productions to feature films. She has also used the stage names of Alice Rigby, Judy Callin, Ruby Sapphire, Judy Carr, Aunt Peg, Judy Fallbrook, and <mask>. Adult film career
After living in Finland from 1971 to  1977, working as a radio journalist and teaching English to Finnish schoolchildren, she returned to the United States in 1977, and became involved in the pornography business in 1978 while trying to get into documentary film making. She was working in advertising when she answered an ad by hardcore pornography producer Alex de Renzy, who was looking for an actress.Her career took off after she was cast in the movie Pretty Peaches. She acquired the name of "Aunt Peg" during a clip in the Swedish Erotica series, where she was portrayed as having sex with a niece, who cried out: "Oh, Aunt Peg! "; thus arose the moniker by which  <mask> is best known to her fans. <mask> appeared in several pornographic magazine pictorials, operated a mail-order business, a casting agency, was a phone operator for a phone-sex service, and made appearances on both radio and television. She also created and performed in stage shows across the United States, combining comedy, sex, and Q&A sessions in her performances. <mask> later indicated that these stage exhibitions were the "most gratifying" portion of her adult career. Although <mask> portrayed many characters during her movie career, all tended to be tough-talking and unsentimental, yet rambunctious, vibrant and even comedic—all at the same time.She was said never to have faked an orgasm in any of her films. Author Charles Taylor wrote that she "brought a persona of classic movie-broad to porn", referring to her as "the Joan Blondell of porn." Another critic, Howard Hampton, opined that "her tough, no-nonsense older woman routine would be at home in the margins of any Howard Hawks movie." Leaving and returning
In 1985, <mask> chose to leave the adult film business after signing over distribution rights for the film Educating Nina, under pressure, a video she directed, produced and funded with money she raised from various donors, which featured the debut of future porn superstar Nina Hartley. She never received any income for the film, and all the investors' money was lost. <mask> moved to Placerville, California, where she worked in a bed and breakfast, cleaned houses and did child care and elder care, continued to do some live stage shows, and opened a massage therapy office. <mask> chose to return to pornography in 1995, making new movies as an actress, producer and director.In 1998, she directed and produced Ageless Desire, a hardcore video featuring several over-50 real-life couples, including <mask> and her partner at the time. Numerous awards followed:  Induction into the Erotic Legends Hall of Fame in 1996, an X-rated Critics Organization Hall of Fame Award in 1999, and a "Lifetime Achievement Actress Award" from the Free Speech Coalition in 2001. In 2007, <mask> received an honorary Doctor of the Arts from The Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. She was featured in the 1998 documentary Wadd: The Life & Times of John C. Holmes and also made one of her last appearances in Dick Ho: Asian Male Porn Star in 2005. By 2009, <mask> lived in Berkeley, California with four cats, serving as the manager of her apartment complex. Although no longer working in the adult film industry, she had announced plans to produce new films. She also worked as a relationship counselor, giving private workshops for couples focusing on "Tender Loving Touch", in which sexual touching is seen as "the play, not foreplay."She contributed to the books The New Sexual Healers: Women of the Light and The Red Thread of Passion, and authored articles for magazines and newspapers. Death
On the morning of January 11, 2010, a friend discovered <mask>'s body. The friend stated that he had arrived at <mask>'s residence to take her to a doctor's appointment for a colonoscopy, to help her with the treatment of Crohn's disease. He further reported that he found <mask> in her bed, with nothing in the room appearing to be "out of the ordinary." He stated that <mask> had expressed a desire to be cremated. A memorial was held on January 26, 2010 at the Center for Sex and Culture in San Francisco where friends she had known in and out of the business, including Nina Hartley whom she mentored, attended and gave testimonials to her kind and warm friendship. Later that month, it was revealed that <mask> had died of a heart attack.Awards
AVN Awards Hall of Fame
XRCO Hall of Fame (inducted 1999)

References

Literature
Louis Marvin: The New Goddesses (AF Press, USA 1987): Features a chapter on <mask>. External links

 "The golden age of porn", "Critics sneer at XXX films. But careers like <mask>'s offer as much to admire as those of John Wayne or Audrey Hepburn. ", Charles Taylor, April 13, 2002, Salon.com. Sex is no Act: A Tribute to <mask>, by Graham Hill, Cinema Retro, 9 July 2009. Retrieved on 2009-11-10. 1938 births
2010 deaths
American pornographic film actresses
American women writers
Actresses from Burbank, California
Pornographic film actors from California
People with Crohn's disease
California State University, Long Beach alumni
21st-century American women

masks:
Juliet Anderson
Juliet Anderson
Judith Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
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Anderson
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Juliet
Anderson
Juliet
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
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Juliet Anderson
Juliet Anderson
Juliet Anderson


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<mask> (July 17, 1897 – November 16, 1962) was an American vaudeville and Broadway actress, radio script writer, and author. As a child actress, she appeared in the 1908 Broadway production of The Man Who Stood Still. <mask> often collaborated on stage with her younger sister <mask>, who also illustrated her books. <mask> is perhaps best remembered for her prolific writing of historical and biographical novels for young adults, including The Foreigner, According to Thomas and Behold Your Queen!. Biography

<mask> was born in Newark, New Jersey on July 17, 1897, the daughter of <mask> and <mask>, a theater company wardrobe mistress. She was raised as a stage child by her mother in New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and California. Theater years (1900–1920)
Young <mask> won her first role on a New York stage at the age of three.In 1908, at age 11, <mask> appeared at the Circle Theater on Broadway in The Man Who Stood Still. By 1910, the two <mask> sisters were working regularly in traveling vaudeville productions, as well as in the burgeoning New York movie industry; <mask> as an ingenue and Corinne as "fairies, babies, witches, and other funny little people." By the age of 14, <mask> began playing leading roles in traveling stock theater companies. Her fellow troupers called her "the youngest stock leading woman in the business." When interviewed about this period in her life, <mask> is quoted as saying: …until I was twenty-one, home to me was anywhere—hotels, trains, boarding houses; for my sister, Corinne <mask>, and I were ‘stage children.’ When I stopped being a ‘stage child,’ I became what they called an ingenue, and then a leading lady. But by this time I had decided I didn't like wandering about, and I began to think how nice it would be to have a home like other people. Life in Los Angeles (1921–1933)
During the 1920s, the <mask> family moved to Los Angeles, where Corinne worked as a fashion artist, and <mask> began working at a department store.Later, <mask> began writing copy for advertising agencies, while her sister Corinne studied art under Theodore Lukits. According to census records, at some point during this time period <mask> married, and subsequently divorced. After the publication and success of her first few novels, <mask> moved back to New York with her sister; both of them working from an apartment which overlooked the Hudson River. Of this period in her life, Malvern was quoted as saying:
Advertising is a very good business. I liked it immensely and stuck with it for about twelve years. But after work, being very stubborn in this matter, I continued to write. And I wrote.And I wrote. Finally—oh, after I'd torn up any number of manuscripts—I sold a book… And somehow or other I began to feel encouraged. In fact, after I'd sold three novels, I felt so brave I gave up my advertising job. We sold the lamps and the easy chairs and most of the books, and came blithely to New York.

Novels for young adults (1934–1962)

Having learned the discipline of writing from her 12 years as an advertising writer and copy editor, <mask> produced several successful novels for young adults in the first years following her return to New York. In 1943, <mask> penned Curtain Going Up, a widely read biography of 20th-century actress and legend, Katharine Cornell. The same year, <mask> won the Julia Ellsworth Ford Foundation Award for the historical novel, Valiant Minstrel: The Story of Sir Henry Lauder. <mask> continued writing biographies of other performers, including Joseph Jefferson, Anna Pavlova and Rossini.She also occasionally wrote under the pseudonyms Vahrah von Klopp and Sabra Lee Corbin. <mask> corresponded with actress Helen Hayes in 1944 about a potential biographical story for American Girl magazine, but never published her story. It is now available as a 12-page part of the Malvern Papers, currently held at the New York Public Library in the "Performing Arts Research Collection". In 1958, <mask>'s Behold Your Queen!, a story of the Biblical character of Esther, was a main selection of the Junior Literary Guild. <mask> wrote several other Biblical stories, including The Foreigner - A Story of Ruth, According to Thomas, Tamar and Saul's Daughter. <mask> never returned to the stage, but she would go on to write more than 40 successful historical novels, including Patriot's Daughter - The Story of Anastasia Lafayette and Dear Wife - A Story of the American Revolution, many of them illustrated by her sister Corinne, who died in 1956. <mask> moved to Weston, Connecticut, where she continued to write until her own death in November 1962.Posthumous editions
Several novels were published posthumously by Vanguard Press in 1971, including The Six Wives of Henry VIII and The World of Lady Jane Grey. However, by 1990, most of the books authored by <mask> had gone out of print, and could only be found in auctions and the rare book market. In 2011, several Malvern titles were re-issued by publisher Special Edition Books. In 2012, many Malvern titles were re-issued as interactive ebooks by YA publisher Beebliome Books, including titles such as Stephanie and So Great a Love. Selected bibliography According to Thomas. 1947. New York, R.M.McBride & Co.Ann Lawrence of Old New York. 1947. New York, Julian MessnerBehold Your Queen! 1951. New York, Longmans, Green & Co., New YorkBlithe Genius; The Story of Rossini. 1959. New York, Longmans, GreenDancing Star: the Story of Anna Pavlova.1942. New York, J. MessnerDear Wife. 1953. New York, Longmans, Green & Co.Eric's Girls. 1949. New York, J. MessnerForeigner, The. 1954.New York, Longmans, Green & Co.,Gloria, Ballet Dancer. (A Romance for Young Moderns; also pub. in German as Gloria). 1946. New York, J. Messner, Inc.Heart's Conquest. 1962. Philadelphia, McRae Smith CompanyHollywood Star.(A Romance for Young Moderns). 1953. New York, J. MessnerJonica's Island. 1945. New York, Julian Messner, Inc.Kin. 1931 New York, Dodd, Mead. (written as Vahrah von Klopp)Mamzelle.1955. Philadelphia, McRae SmithPatriot's Daughter. 1960. Philadelphia, McRae Smith CompanyPrima Ballerina. (A Romance for Young Moderns.) 1951. New York, J. MessnerQueen's Lady, The.1963. McRae Smith Company, Philadelphia (posthumous)Rhoda of Cyprus. 1958. Philadelphia, McRae Smith CompanyRogues and Vagabonds. 1959. Philadelphia, McRae Smith CompanySaul's Daughter. 1956.New York, Longmans, Green & Co.Secret Sign, The. 1961. Abelard-Schuman, New YorkSix Wives of Henry VIII, The. 1972. Vanguard Press, Inc., New York (posthumous)Stephanie. 1956. Philadelphia, McRae SmithTamar.1952. New York, Longmans, Green & Co.The World of Lady Jane Grey. 1964. New York, Vanguard Press (posthumous)There's Always Forever. 1957. New York, Longmans, GreenValiant Minstrel, the Story of Sir Harry Lauder. 1943.New York, J. Messner, Inc.

 See also

Corinne Malvern
Vaudeville
Book of Ruth
Esther
Young adult fiction

 References

 Additional sources News of the Theaters, Chicago Daily Tribune, January 22, 1907Autobiographical Sketch of <mask>, The Junior Book of Authors, Second Edition, H.W. Wilson Publishers, 1951
Barbara Sicherman, Carol Hurd Gree, Notable American Women: the Modern Period, Volume 4, Harvard University Press, 1986
John T. Gillespie, Historical Fiction for Young Readers'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008,

External links

 <mask>vern papers, 1944-1957, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

1897 births
1962 deaths
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American novelists
Actresses from Newark, New Jersey
American child actresses
American children's writers
American stage actresses
American women novelists
Vaudeville performers
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
American women children's writers
20th-century American women writers
People from Weston, Connecticut
Novelists from New Jersey

masks:
Gladys Malvern
Gladys
Corinne Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Edward Malvern
Cora Lillian Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Gladys
Malvern
Gladys
Gladys
Malvern
Malvern
Malvern
Gladys
Gladys
Gladys
Gladys
Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Malvern
Gladys Malvern
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Malvern
Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Gladys
Gladys Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Gladys Mal


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<mask> (; , Kishinev – 1 February 1920, Novorossiysk, Russia) was a far-right politician in Imperial Russia, noted for his monarchist, ultra-nationalist, antisemitic and anticommunist views. Because of his restless behaviour, he was regarded as a loose cannon. At the end of 1916, he participated in the killing of Grigori Rasputin. Early career
Born as the son of a poor nobleman in Bessarabia, now Moldova, Purishkevich graduated from Novorossiysk University with a degree in classical philology. Around 1900, he moved to Saint Petersburg. He became a member of the Russian Assembly group and was appointed under Vyacheslav von Plehve. During the Russian Revolution of 1905, he helped organise the Black Hundreds as a militia to aid the police in the fight against left-wing extremists and to restore order.After the October Manifesto, he was one of the founders of the Union of the Russian People and its deputy chairman. Following a disagreement with Alexander Dubrovin on the influence of the State Duma, he founded his own organisation, the Union of the Archangel Michael, in 1908. The popular <mask>, described by <mask> as a charming, unstable man who could not stay a single minute in one place, was elected as a deputy of the second, third and fourth Imperial Dumas for the Bessarabian and Kursk province. He gained fame for his flamboyant speeches and scandalous behaviour such as speaking on the 1st of May with a red carnation in his fly. He was a hardline supporter of sacerdotal autocracy, and of Russification to create unity. <mask>'s hostility to the Jews was caused by his perception of them to be the "vanguard of the revolutionary movement". He wanted them to be deported to Kolyma.He believed that the "Kadets, socialists, the intelligentsia, the press and councils of university professors" were all under the control of Jews. During the war, <mask> became critical of the performance of the government and the role of Alexandra and Rasputin but not of the Tsar. Criticism of Rasputin
On 3 November 1916, Purishkevich went to Mogilev and talked with Tsar Nicolas II on Rasputin. On 19 November, <mask> gave a speech in the Duma and coined the phrase "ministerial leapfrog" to describe the seemingly continuous government reshuffles. He compared Rasputin with the False Dmitri. The monarchy was becoming discredited:

Purishkevich stated that Rasputin's influence over the Tsarina had made him a threat to the empire: "an obscure moujik shall govern Russia no longer!" "While Rasputin is alive, we cannot win".Killing of Rasputin
Prince Felix Yusupov was impressed by the speech. He visited <mask>, who quickly agreed to participate in the killing of Rasputin. Also, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich joined the conspiracy. Purishkevich talked to Samuel Hoare, the head of the British Secret Intelligence Service in Petrograd. A wealthy person, Purishkevich organised a medical aid that went up and down to the Eastern Front to deliver wounded soldiers to the hospitals in Tsarskoye Selo. On the evening of 16 December 1916, the conspirators gathered in the Moika Palace and eventually killed Rasputin. A curious policeman on duty on the other side of the Moika had heard the shots, rang at the door, and was sent away.Half an hour later, another policeman arrived, and <mask> invited him into the palace. Purishkevich told him that he had shot Rasputin and asked him to keep it quiet for the sake of the Tsar. They had planned to burn Rasputin's possessions. Sukhotin put on Rasputin's fur coat, rubber boots, and gloves. He left with Dmitri and Dr. Lazovert in <mask>'s car, which suggests that Rasputin had left the palace alive. Because <mask>'s wife refused to burn the fur coat and the boots in her small fireplace in the ambulance train, the conspirators went back to the palace with the larger items. Yusupov and Dmitri were placed under house arrest in the Sergei Palace.The Tsarina had refused to meet them but said that they could explain to her what had happened in a letter. <mask> assisted them and left the city to the Romanian front at ten in the evening. Because of his popularity, <mask> was neither punished nor banned. Revolutionary Russia

During the February Revolution in 1917, many right-wingers were arrested but Purishkevich was tolerated by the government and so was "virtually the only former national Black Hundred leader to maintain an active political life in Russia after the Tsar's downfall". However, the revolution meant that <mask> initially had to moderate his politics. He called for the abolition of the Soviets, who were, in turn, calling for the abolition of the Duma. In August 1917, he wanted a military dictatorship; he was arrested over the Kornilov Affair but was released.Following the failure of the putsch, he collaborated with Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg in forming an underground monarchist organisation. During the October Revolution, he organized the "Committee for the Motherland's Salvation". He was joined by a number of officers, military cadets, and others. At the time, <mask> was living in the Hotel Russia at Moika 60. He had a false passport under the surname "Yevreinov". On 18 November 1917, <mask> was arrested by the Red Guards for his participation in a counterrevolutionary conspiracy after the discovery of a letter sent by him to General Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin in which he urged the Cossack leader to come and restore order in Petrograd. He became the first person to be tried in the Smolny Institute by the first Revolutionary Tribunal.He was condemned to eleven months of 'public work' and four years of imprisonment with obligatory community service and won the admiration of his fellow prisoners in the Fortress of St Peter and St Paul by his courageous bearing. He was given an amnesty on May 1 after the mediation of Felix Dzerzhinsky and Nikolay Krestinsky, as he refrained from any political activity. In jail, he had written a poem describing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as 'The Trotsky Peace'. White Russia

After his release, he moved to White Army controlled Southern Russia. There, during the Russian Civil War he published the monarchist journal Blagovest and returned openly to his traditional political stance of support for the monarchy, a unified Russia, and opposition to the Jews. In some of the towns occupied by the Volunteer Army, he gave lectures in which he denounced the British policy towards Russia. In 1918, he formed a new political party, the People's State Party, and called for an "open fight against Jewry"; the party collapsed after his death.<mask>n's Army. Reputation
In 1925, Soviet writer Liubosh would describe <mask> as the 'first' fascist. He was subsequently referred to as a "leader of early Russian fascism" by Semyon Reznik, who also claimed that Purishkevich participated in numerous pogroms and was a significant proponent of the blood libel against Jews. References

Sources
 <mask> (1924) Comment j'ai tué Raspoutine. Pages de Journal. J. Povolozky & Cie. Paris. Translated and published as The murder of Rasputin (1985) Ardis.1870 births
1920 deaths
Politicians from Chișinău
People from Kishinyovsky Uyezd
Members of the Union of the Russian People
Members of the Russian Assembly
Members of the 2nd State Duma of the Russian Empire
Members of the 3rd State Duma of the Russian Empire
Members of the 4th State Duma of the Russian Empire
Blood libel
Russian anti-communists
Antisemitism in Russia
Russian murderers
Kishinev pogrom

masks:
Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Vladimir Kokovtsov
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Purishkevich
Vladimir Purishkevichiki
Purishkevich
Vladimir Pourichkevitch


text_chunks:
<mask> (29 July 1890 – 1 October 1930) was a New Zealand poet, teacher and drama producer. She was a significant figure in New Zealand poetry and theatre between 1910 and 1930, and became a well-known personality in Wellington, with interests in theatre, writing and the arts. Early life and education
Nicholls was born in Wellington in 1890. She was the youngest daughter of <mask>, a Harbour Board Secretary and a prominent actor in the Wellington theatre scene. She was educated first at Clyde Quay School and Terrace School and after at Wellington Girls' College and Victoria University College. She entered Victoria in 1909, where she studied Greek, Latin and French and became involved with the Edwardian Spike group of writers (1902–15), that included Siegfried Eichelbaum, Seaforth Mackenzie, A. F. T. Chorlton, Hubert Church, Philip Grey, Mary E. Heath (later Mrs Ballantyne), Erica R. Fell (later Mrs Erica R. Wilson), A. E. Caddick and F. A. de la Mare. At Victoria, her interests included The Play Readers' Society in Kelburn and the Women's Debating Society and she edited the student review, The Spike, in 1912.She was Vice-President of the Students' Association in 1912 and 1913. Her father instructed the play readers' group. She also produced two plays for the University Dramatic Society when first it began. An accomplished orator, in 1913, she became the first woman to compete for and win the Plunket Medal for Oratory at Victoria College. Career
<mask> left Victoria and travelled abroad to London in 1914, making contacts with the English and European stage. She moved back and forth between her activities at Victoria and further travel overseas visiting a number of countries, including Australia, South Africa, France and India, before returning to Wellington around 1919. In India and Ceylon, she met her future husband.In February 1920, Nicholls married John Hannah, a merchant of Colombo. She moved from Wellington to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) for the wedding. On the death of her husband from enteric fever soon after the wedding, Nicholls returned to Wellington, where her family lived and where she became a well-known personality in the arts scene. She became involved with acting and producing in the repertory theatre, continued to write poetry and did painting. She had earlier studied painting with Miss D. K. Richmond. She also made trips to England, France, North America and India. In England, in 1925, she became a member of the British Drama League and attended summer schools at Oxford and Sussex where drama and poetry were the subject of study.She also studied theatre at the Pasadena Theatre in California and the Greenleaf Theatre in New York. Nicholls produced plays by A. A. Milne, Sir A. P. Herbert, Lady Gregory and other modern playwrights for the National Repertory Society in Wellington and the Victoria University College Dramatic Society. In addition, she worked as a university extension lecturer in drama for the Workers' Educational Association, taught at Wellington Girls' College and Chilton St James School and in teaching elocution. In 1928, Nicholls also gave a lecture on 'The Literature of New Zealand' in the Dominion Farmers' Institute building for the WEA. Her other interests included the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and she was a member of the League of Nations local branch, and also of the International Council of Women. Nicholls was instrumental in reforming the council in New Zealand, and attended meetings of the executive of the council in London in 1929.Death
<mask> died in a bus stop accident on 1 October 1930 returning from a concert. An obituary appeared a day after in the Evening Post. It was reported that she was knocked over by a bus turning around in the darkened street that reversed, ran over and crushed her. She was 40 years old at the time of her death. The Post obituary wrote: ‘Her death removes a cultured and charming personality who could ill be spared.’ A large attendance at her funeral on 4 October 1930 indicated the esteem and high regard with which Wellingtonians held her. Further obituaries appeared in Art in New Zealand (March 1931) and in The Spike 1931 by Eileen Duggan. In her will, <mask> made a bequest of moneys to buy artworks for display in the woman's common room at Victoria College.Her executors commissioned a portrait painting by Mollie Tripe of Marjory. Beryl Hughes notes that the painting hung in the Women's Studies Department at Victoria University of Wellington but is now in storage. A Marjory Nicholls Speech Contest was also established after her death at Wellington Girls’ College. Literary output
<mask> wrote verse from a young school age and published three collections of poetry in her lifetime: A Venture in Verse (1917), Gathered Leaves (1922) and prior to her death, Thirdly (1930). Her poetry is mostly collected in the Victoria University College anthology The Old Clay Patch (1920 and 1949 editions) and The Spike, the Victoria College student review. She also published poems in C. C. Review [Canterbury College Review] and The Reporter and was included in Quentin Pope's 1930 anthology of contemporary New Zealand verse, Kowhai Gold. There is a posthumously published poem in the literary magazine The New Zealand Mercury (Vol.1, No. 1, 1933) contributed by her father, H. E<mask>, and another poem, 'She Clothed Herself in Dreams', appears in The Evening Post (14 March 1936) reproduced by C. A. Marris on popular request for his "Postscripts" column edited under the pseudonym of Percy Flage. The editor's note in The New Zealand Mercury states that Nicholls' ‘literary achievement is held in high honour in this Dominion.’

Two poems by Nicholls appear in the 1937 anthology, Here are Verses, edited by Helen Longford. Some of her verse was also published under her married name of Mrs Marjory L. Hannah or the initials 'M.L.N.'. Nicholls' poem 'Over the Kelburn Hill' was republished in Pat Lawlor's Wellington in Verse and Picture (c.1939, 2nd edition 1955). In 1940, G. H. Scholefield wrote an article on Nicholls for the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. In 2009, Original Books published Complete Poems in two volumes.Renewal of interest
In the past two decades, there has been renewed interest in Nicholls' verse and life. Beryl Hughes wrote on Nicholls for the Book of New Zealand Women (1991) and the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Vol. III (1996). In 2009, New Zealand scholar, poet and publisher Niel Wright edited her Complete Poems (under the authorial name of M. L<mask>) in two volumes, with notes published separately that same year. This can be seen as a reappraisal of her place in New Zealand poetry during the Georgian and post-war period (1915–1930) and a sign of her status as an early feminist writer. Wright also states in her Complete Poems that 'Nicholls was a leading New Zealand poet of the decade 1910–1920'. She was encouraged by a young J. H. E. Schröder in C. C. Review who later influenced among others Robin Hyde, Ruth Gilbert and Wright himself.Wright later produced a book discussing Schröder and Nicholls' friendship, 'J.H.E. Schroder and the Poetry of E.S. and Marjory Nicholls' in C.C. Review (2010) as well as Further Notes on the Aotearoa Poet Marjory Lydia Nicholls (2011). In 2011, New Zealand poet, critic and editor Mark Pirie wrote on Nicholls' verse on the Tuesday Poem blog and included her poetry in Poetry Notes, the Poetry Archive of New Zealand Aotearoa newsletter, Summer 2011. That same year, a selection of her poems was made by Cameron La Follette for the University of Toronto Libraries' RPO [Representative Poetry Online] website. Michael John O'Leary's PhD thesis, 'Social and Literary Constraints on Women Writers in New Zealand 1945–70', awarded in 2011 by the Gender and Women's Studies Department at Victoria University of Wellington also discusses the work of Nicholls.References

External links
 Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 1-Sep-10 URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3n9/1
 'Post Scriptum' by Eileen Duggan, The Spike 1931 [article on Marjory <mask>] http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-VUW1931_59Spik-t1-body-d22-d1.html
 Selected Poetry of Marjory Nicholls on RPO [Representative Poetry Online], University of Toronto Libraries' website: http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poets/nicholls-marjory
 ‘The Homely Ghost’ by Marjory L. Nicholls, The Tuesday Poem blog http://tuesdaypoem.blogspot.co.nz/2011/02/homely-ghost-by-marjorie-nicholls.html
 Classic New Zealand Poetry by Marjory Nicholls, Poetry Notes [Poetry Archive of New Zealand Aotearoa newsletter – online pdf], Summer 2011, Vol. 1, No. http://poetryarchivenz.wordpress.com/newsletters/
 National Library of New Zealand Catalogue http://nlnzcat.natlib.govt.nz/
 Poetry Archive of New Zealand Aotearoa Catalogue http://poetryarchivenz.wordpress.com/archive-catalogue/
 ‘Social and Literary Constraints on Women Writers in New Zealand 1945–70’ by Michael John O’Leary, a thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Gender and Women’s Studies Department http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/1652

1890 births
1930 deaths
20th-century New Zealand dramatists and playwrights
New Zealand educators
New Zealand women poets
People educated at Wellington Girls' College
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
New Zealand women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century New Zealand poets
20th-century New Zealand women writers

masks:
Marjory Lydia Nicholls
Harry Edgar Nicholls
Nicholls
Nicholls
Nicholls
Nicholls
. Nicholls
. Nicholls
Nicholls


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<mask> (born 28 August 1982) is a Scottish professional football player and coach. A versatile player able to play anywhere in defence, McNaughton was also used in a defensive midfield role. He began his career in the Scottish Premier League, playing for Aberdeen for six years. He joined Cardiff City in 2006, spending nine years at the Welsh side, making over 250 appearances. He had two loan spells at Bolton Wanderers before joining Wigan Athletic on a permanent basis in 2015. He retired from playing football in 2017, after a year with Inverness Caledonian Thistle, but reversed this decision in December 2017 after an injury crisis at Forfar Athletic, where he had joined as a coach the previous month. Club career

Aberdeen
Beginning his career in the Scottish Premier League with Aberdeen after coming through the club's youth programme, where he won the Scottish Youth Cup in 2000–01, McNaughton was thrust into the first team at 18, making his debut on 5 October in a 2–1 win over St Mirren, and became a regular for the 2000–01 and 2001–02 seasons in a team containing lots of young players brought through the youth system like Darren Mackie, Russell Anderson and Darren Young.A knee injury sustained in 2002 kept him out for 12 weeks and on his return McNaughton struggled to return to form. It wasn't until new Aberdeen manager Jimmy Calderwood arrived, that he managed to recover his previous form. During the 2005–06 season, McNaughton was linked with moves to Celtic and Fulham, but nothing came of either and he remained at Pittodrie. Cardiff City
On 26 May 2006, it was announced that he would be joining Football League Championship side Cardiff City on a free transfer. McNaughton quickly became an important part of manager Dave Jones's plans as he played in the left full-back position, and his form once again earned him a recall to the Scottish national team, although injury robbed him of the chance to take his place in the squad. During his second season at Cardiff, having switched to right-back, McNaughton played in all six matches of the club's run to the 2008 FA Cup Final, including scoring his first goal for the club on 27 January 2008 with a 20-yard volley in a 2–1 victory over Hereford United in the fourth round. His first league goal came just a few months later when he scored on the final day of the season against Barnsley in a 3–0 win.The start of the 2008–09 season saw McNaughton his 100th appearance for the club when he played against Watford on 21 October. During a pre-season friendly against Celtic on 22 July 2009 he suffered an ankle injury which kept him out for the opening two months of the season. After appearing for the club's reserve side, he returned to the first team on 17 October 2009 as an unused substitute during a 1–1 draw with Crystal Palace but suffered a recurrence of the injury kept him out until 17 November 2009 when he played 45 minutes of a reserve team game against Hereford United. He returned to the line-up on 21 November 2009 against Barnsley, but was taken off in the 21st minute for Paul Quinn with a back injury. On 23 November McNaughton was sent to have a scan on the back injury, which the club's medical staff believed to have caused the problem and resulted in him being out for two weeks. On 5 December 2009 McNaughton played his first 90 minutes of the season in a 1–0 win over Preston North End. The next season his injury worries ceded and he has played in every league up to and including the game against Barnsley.<mask> was Cardiff's most consistent defender throughout the 2010–11 season, and won the Player of the Year award. On 2 May 2011, McNaughton was involved in an incident where he collided with assistant referee Sian Massey. He was later cleared when the FA ruled the incident an accident though it attracted hits and comments on YouTube, with some suggesting the player had deliberately barged into the official. Also McNaughton had captained the side for the first time in their 3–0 loss to Reading in their play-off second leg, on 17 May. In 2011–12, <mask> was named as stand-in captain in Mark Hudson's absence starting on 22 November against Coventry City. He went on to make three further appearances as captain, during which time he made his two hundredth league appearance for Cardiff in a 1–0 win over Nottingham Forest on 26 November 2011. He also played a part in the club's League Cup run to their first ever final, which they lost 3–2 on penalties to Liverpool.<mask>'s 400th league appearance for Cardiff came in a goalless draw at Brighton & Hove Albion on 21 August 2012. McNaughton started over half of City's fixtures in 2012–13, as Cardiff finally achieved promotion to the Premier League. With his contract expiring during the close-season, the club has confirmed that McNaughton has been offered a new deal. On 5 July 2013 it was announced on the official Cardiff City website that McNaughton had signed a new one-year contract extension with the Bluebirds. On 7 March 2014, McNaughton signed a new one-year contract with the Bluebirds. On 5 May 2015, it was announced after nine years for playing for Cardiff City, McNaughton was to be released at the end of the season upon his contract expiry. Loans to Bolton Wanderers
On 27 September 2013, McNaughton joined Bolton on a 28-day emergency loan deal.He made his first appearance for Wanderers four days later in a goalless draw with local rivals Blackpool at Bloomfield Road. After becoming the club's first choice right-back during his stay with Bolton, he scored his first goal for the club in the 1–1 draw with Charlton Athletic on 21 December 2013, this was his first goal in the League since scoring for Cardiff against Barnsley in May 2008. He returned to Bolton on loan in July 2014. Wigan Athletic
On 4 August 2015, McNaughton joined League One side Wigan Athletic on a one-year deal. Inverness Caledonian Thistle
McNaughton signed for Inverness Caledonian Thistle during the 2016 close season. In August 2016, McNaughton suffered an achilles injury. He retired from football in July 2017, aged 34.

International career

McNaughton's first call-up for the Scotland squad came in 2002 when he was told by manager Berti Vogts that, at the age of 19, he would earn his first cap in a match against France.However, before the match Vogts told the media in a press conference that McNaughton would not be playing as Vogts deemed he was too nervous, despite not telling McNaughton himself. Instead his first cap came against Nigeria in Scotland's next match. In his second appearance he was substituted at half-time in a friendly against Denmark. In 2007 McNaughton claimed that Vogts had set his career back by two years with his actions during that time. His move to Cardiff reignited his international career, winning his fourth cap in a match against Czech Republic in May 2008 and being called-up several times. Coaching career

In November 2017, <mask> joined Forfar Athletic as first-team coach, later registering himself as a player after an injury crisis at the club. He made his début for Forfar in a 0–2 defeat to Alloa Athletic on 9 December 2017.In August 2017, <mask> left his playing role at Forfar and signed for SJFA East Super League side, Kirriemuir Thistle, his contract, allowed him to keep his Assistant Manager role at Forfar. As of April 2020, McNaughton was working for Dundee as a youth team coach. Career statistics
Updated after match played on 23 December 2017

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
Scottish Premier League players
Aberdeen F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
Footballers from Dundee
Scotland under-21 international footballers
Scotland B international footballers
Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Association football defenders
Lochee United F.C. players
Kirriemuir Thistle F.C. players
Forfar Athletic F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Dundee F.C. non-playing staff
FA Cup Final players

masks:
Kevin Paul McNaughton
McNaughton
McNaughton
McNaughton
McNaughton
McNaughton


text_chunks:
<mask> (15 May 1865 – 29 July 1949) was a British astronomer and engineer who grew up in Ireland. She also contributed to the fields of optics and early television. <mask> is best known for being the first woman to be paid for astronomical work at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, when she began her employment at the observatory January 1890. Early life
Born in Glasgow in 1865, <mask> moved to Belfast when she was two when her father, <mask>, FRS, was appointed as Professor of Natural Philosophy at Queen's University, Belfast. Her father would remain in the post until his retirement thirty years later. <mask> was educated at the Methodist College Belfast, where she was a prize pupil. University education
At this time, the sole means of access to a university education in Ireland for women was through the Royal University of Ireland, which awarded degrees solely through examination.In 1882 Queen's College, Belfast began accepting female students, allowing them to take lectures in preparation for the Royal University examinations. <mask> applied for this option and in 1884 she was awarded first place in the first-year science examinations but the college refused to grant the scholarship to a woman. In 1886 <mask> moved to the all-women's college Girton College, Cambridge. In 1887 she sat and passed with honours the Royal University in mathematics and mathematical physics and she was awarded a Master of Arts in 1889. Also in 1889,she passed the Mathematical Tripos at Cambridge University. Female students were permitted to sit the examinations but the university would not grant degrees to female students until 1928. 1889 marked the end of <mask>'s university education and the beginning of a ground-breaking career in astronomy.Career in astronomy
The UK Civil Service rules that applied at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich made the employment of women very difficult. However, in 1890 the Astronomer Royal William Christie was interested in employing the highly educated women that began graduating from English universities and he got round the regulation by paying women as supernumerary computers and not putting them on the permanent payroll. He employed four women, not as supernumerary computers but as second assistants who undertook both observations and computing. Among others he hired <mask>, who became the first woman to work for the Royal Observatory, Greenwich when she began working in January 1890. At Greenwich, <mask> was assigned to work in the Astrographic Department, contributing to the international Carte du Ciel project. In addition to her work as a computer, <mask> was trained to use the Observatory's new astrographic telescope (installed in 1890) to take the photographs. <mask>'s job also involved measuring the plates, calculating the co-ordinates of the stars, and reducing the data for the catalogue.During this time, <mask> also made observations for the Transit Department with the Prime-Meridian-defining Airy Transit Circle. In 1891 <mask> persuaded her friend Annie Russell to apply to work at the Royal Observatory and in September she began work at the observatory. Russell had attended Girton College with <mask> and the two had sat and passed the difficult Tripos examination together. In 1892 <mask>, Russell and Elizabeth Brown tried to get elected for fellowship at the Royal Astronomical Society. None of the women was admitted, because all fell short of the required votes. Similarly, the nomination of Isis Pogson had been rejected in 1886. So instead they joined and actively contributed to the amateur British Astronomical Association (BAA).<mask> would publish her work in the BAA's Journal, The Observatory, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society and elsewhere. After five years at Greenwich, <mask> became tired of the low salary and began looking for work elsewhere. She failed to get a position at the Dunsink Observatory, Dublin, and instead obtained a three-year temporary post at the Astrophysical Observatory of Potsdam, then Europe's leading institution for astrophysical research. <mask> began working at the observatory as a scientific assistant in October 1895, becoming the first woman to work in an observatory in Germany and continued to work on the Carte du Ciel project. During her time in Potsdam she measured stars on photographic chart-plates and in one year, 1897, helped measure the positions of 22,000 stars. She left Potsdam July 1899. <mask> moved for a one year post at the observatory of Vassar College in the United States where she wrote two papers with Mary Whitney.James Keeler, director of the Lick Observatory had hoped to hire her for the spectroscopic programme at the observatory but was unable to obtain funds. Instead <mask> would return to London in 1900 where her interests turned from astronomy to the related field of optics. Her astronomical career came to an end at the age of 35. Optics
<mask>'s interest in optics had been sparked when she assisted her retired father in translating an article in German on Jena optical glass. She would assist her father with his research and experiments in optics until his death in 1904. In 1903 her father communicated a paper by her to the Physical Society of London describing experiments on zonal observations in lenses, the first paper by a woman to appear in the society's journal. However opportunities for women in this field of science (or indeed any field of science) were few.As a result, <mask> would be unable to find regular paid work until the First World War, which gave many women an opportunity to enter the workforce. In 1917 and at the age of fifty-two, <mask> joined the staff of the National Physical Laboratory. <mask> worked in the optics section until she reached the age of retirement (60) in 1925. Engineering and television
Retirement would mark the third strand of <mask>'s technical career, engineering. In the late 1920s <mask> would take and pass examinations in wireless and electrical engineering. <mask> also developed an interest in the new field of television and may have been one of two women present at the demonstration of the first television image by John Logie Baird in January 1926. As a result, <mask> would become one of the founding members and Fellows of the newly established Television Society (now Royal Television Society) in September 1927.In the late 1920s and early 1930s, <mask> would become involved with the Baird Television Company and Television Society and in 1933 the two would apply for a joint patent relating to television optics. <mask> would continue contribution to the field of television for the rest of her life. In recognition of her contribution to the field of physics, she was granted a civil list pension of £100 in 1938. On 29 July 1949, she died in London and would leave her library of scientific books to the Television Society. Publications

References

1865 births
1949 deaths
20th-century British astronomers
Irish astronomers
Women astronomers
Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge
Scientists from Glasgow
20th-century British women scientists
Irish women scientists
Irish women mathematicians
People educated at Methodist College Belfast
Scientists from Belfast

masks:
Alice Everett
Everett
Everett
Joseph David Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett
Everett