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<mask> (born June 14, 1937), professionally known as <mask>, is an American jazz double bassist, who has worked as a studio musician and in the film industry for more than 60 years, including working on more than 400 movie soundtracks. Early life
<mask> was born in Denver, Colorado, and moved with his family to Arcadia, California when he was eight. With a lineage of musicians in the family (his grandfather had played with John Philip Sousa, and his uncle played tuba with the Saint Louis Symphony), Berghofer took interest in music at an early age, playing trumpet at the age of eight. He also played the tuba in grade school and high school until moving to the double bass at the age of 18. As a young adult, as he began venturing out to jazz night clubs, he came to admire bassist Ralph Peña and was able to persuade Peña to take him on as a student. According to Berghofer, he always felt as though his music was heavily influenced by Leroy Vinnegar, Paul Chambers and Ray Brown. He also admired the work of Scott LaFaro and told musician and journalist Gordon Jack, "The best soloist on the instrument was Red Mitchell ...I loved to hear him solo." Professional career
Two years after he took up the bass, Berghofer, joined an orchestra, led by Skinnay Ennis for a tour of the midwest and then joined with Bobby Troup. As his career progressed he eventually replaced his former tutor, Peña, in a duo with Pete Jolly which later expanded into a trio with the addition of drummer Nick Martinis. In the 1960s he became a member of Shelly Manne's band, taking on a bassist position at Manne's night club Shelly's Manne-Hole and had the opportunity to play alongside numerous leading jazz musicians of the era including Jack Sheldon, Conte Candoli, Frank Rosolino, Rahsaan Roland Kirk and Philly Joe Jones. During this time, he also recorded with luminary singers such as Elvis Presley and The Everly Brothers. He was a member of the Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra around 1967 when Frank Zappa recorded the orchestral parts for Lumpy Gravy. With his lengthy career in film, Berghofer was also quite accomplished as a house jazz musician.He formed a semi-regular house band at Donte's in Los Angeles with pianist Frank Strazzeri and drummer Nick Ceroli and was videotaped having played with Roger Kellaway and drummer Larry Bunker as they backed Zoot Sims. Among others he accompanied were Ray Charles, Bob Cooper, Ella Fitzgerald, Stan Getz, Peggy Lee, Shelly Manne, Gerry Mulligan, Art Pepper, Frank Rosolino, Seth MacFarlane, and Frank Sinatra. In 2019, Berghofer, along with fellow Wrecking Crew members Don Randi and Don Peake and in conjunction with Denny Tedesco (producer and director of the 2008 film The Wrecking Crew), performed around the Los Angeles area with their The Wrecking Crew's Farewell to Glen Campbell live shows. Film, television, and popular music
As Berghofer made his career as a jazz musician, he landed a prominent role recording with Nancy Sinatra in "These Boots Are Made For Walkin". He also worked on television with Glen Campbell, recorded with Frank Sinatra, and played with Barbra Streisand, in which they did a recording of Funny Lady. His film work extends to 400 appearances, leading to his being awarded in the mid-1980s the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Award as the most valuable bass player for four consecutive years. In that decade he recorded with Mel Tormé and later recorded again with Sinatra on Duets.During his career, Berghofer has performed on over 400 movie soundtracks. Just a few of the films he has worked on include Rocky II (1979), The Majestic (2001), Sing (2016), and Clint Eastwood’s Bird (1988). He also worked on such television shows as Barney Miller (on which he played the opening bassline), Charlie’s Angels, The Carol Burnett Show, The Simpsons and Star Trek: Enterprise. King and Diane Schuur
 Heart to Heart (GRP, 1994)
With Irene Kral
 Wonderful Life (Mainstream, 1965)
With Diana Krall
 When I Look in Your Eyes (Verve Records, 1999)
With Peggy Lee
 In the Name of Love (Capitol, 1964)
With Seth MacFarlane
 No One Ever Tells You (Republic 2015)
With Melissa Manchester
 If My Heart Had Wings (Atlantic Records, 1995)
With Barry Manilow
 Manilow Sings Sinatra (Arista Records, 1998)
With Shelly Manne
 Live! Shelly Manne & His Men at the Manne-Hole (Contemporary, 1961)
 Shelly Manne & His Men Play Checkmate (Contemporary, 1961)
With Martina McBride
 It's the Holiday Season (Broken Bow Records, 2018)
With Paul McCartney
 Kisses on the Bottom (Hear Music, 2012)
With Carmen McRae
 Can't Hide Love (Blue Note, 1976)
With Bette Midler
 Bette Midler Sings the Rosemary Clooney Songbook (Columbia Records, 2003)
With Liza Minnelli
 Gently (Angel Records, 1996)
With Joni Mitchell
 Both Sides Now (Reprise Records, 2000)
 Travelogue (Nonesuch Records, 2002)
With Michael Nesmith
 The Wichita Train Whistle Sings (Dot Records, 1968)
With Aaron Neville
 The Grand Tour (A&M Records, 1993)
With Steve Perry
 Traces (Fantasy, 2018)
With Ruth Price and Shelly Manne
 Ruth Price with Shelly Manne & His Men at the Manne-Hole (Contemporary, 1961)
With Emitt Rhodes
 The American Dreams (A&M Records, 1970)
With Howard Roberts
 Whatever's Fair! (Capitol Records, 1966)
With Diana Ross
 Take Me Higher (Motown, 1995)
With Seal
 Standards (Decca Records, 2017)
With Diane Schuur
 Love Songs (GRP, 1993)
 Music Is My Life (Atlantic Records, 1999)
 Friends for Schuur (Concord Records, 2000)
 Midnight (Concord Records, 2003)
With Blake Shelton
 Cheers, It's Christmas (Warner Bros. Records, 2012)
With Zoot Sims
 Quietly There: Zoot Sims Plays Johnny Mandel (Pablo, 1984)
With Nancy Sinatra
 Sugar (Reprise Records, 1966)
 Nancy (Reprise Records, 1969)
With Rod Stewart
 Merry Christmas, Baby (Verve Records, 2012)
With Barbra Streisand
 The Movie Album (Columbia Records, 2003)
 What Matters Most (Columbia Records, 2011)
 Partners (Columbia Records, 2014)
 Encore: Movie Partners Sing Broadway (Columbia Records, 2016)
With Sarah Vaughan
 Sarah Vaughan with Michel Legrand (Mainstream Records, 1972)
With Dionne Warwick
 Dionne Warwick Sings Cole Porter (Arista Records, 1990)
With Robbie Williams
 Swing When You're Winning (Chrysalis Records, 2001)

Filmography
An incomplete list of his music and film credits. See also

 Jazz
 List of jazz bassists
 List of jazz musicians

References

External links
Chuck Berghofer Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2016)

1937 births
Living people
Musicians from Denver
American male guitarists
West Coast jazz double-bassists
American jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
Guitarists from Colorado
20th-century American guitarists
Jazz musicians from Colorado
21st-century double-bassists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
The Capp-Pierce Juggernaut members

masks:
Charles Curtis Berghofer
Chuck Berghofer
Chuck Berghofer


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<mask> (6 June 1918 – 26 November 2007) was an English-Welsh pottery designer, who was best known for co-founding Portmeirion Pottery. She was the eldest daughter of Clough Williams-Ellis. Background
Williams-Ellis was born in Guildford, Surrey, England, in the house of artist and critic Roger Fry. Her father, Sir Clough, was an eminent architect; Williams-Ellis' mother was writer Amabel Strachey, cousin of author and Bloomsbury figure Lytton Strachey. Her parents were friends of other members of the Bloomsbury Group, including Augustus John and Virginia Woolf. Williams-Ellis' godfather was Rudyard Kipling. She was determined to be an artist from an early age.In the 1930s, <mask> studied ceramics with Bernard and David Leach while she was at Dartington Hall School. At Chelsea School of Art, during the 1940s, her tutors included Graham Sutherland for painting and Henry Moore for sculpture, who helped to develop <mask>'s innate feeling for three-dimensional shape and form. Career
Williams-Ellis studied Fine Art at Chelsea Polytechnic, where her tutors included Henry Moore and Graham Sutherland. In 1948, <mask> and her husband Euan moved to Wales, following their marriage in 1945, and became self-sufficient. She earned some money from book illustration and design work, while Euan produced a pamphlet, Towards Equality, for the Fabian Society. However, the lure of Clough's architectural vision was strong. In 1953, the management of the souvenir shop in the Welsh village of Portmeirion, created by <mask>'s father, fell to <mask> and Euan.Despite the unique architectural status of the village, the shop was operating at a loss. By 1961, the shop had grown enormously; <mask> and Euan were managers of the village; and a second Portmeirion shop had opened in one of London's smartest shopping areas, Pont Street. Working on Sir Clough's principle that "good design is good business", the couple transformed two broken-down potteries in Stoke-on-Trent into one of the country's most affluent pottery companies, Portmeirion Pottery. In an era when the idea of the "working woman" was an anathema, the entrepreneurial success of <mask>-Ellis, as a designer and a businesswoman (as well as wife and mother), was unusual. Portmeirion was one of the first retail companies to fully understand and exploit the "lifestyle" consumer, creating a wide range of products including casual tableware, housewares and gifts for both women and men. The 1970s saw the birth of what is considered by many to be signature range of Portmeirion: Botanic Garden. It was based on illustration plates discovered by <mask> in an antique natural history book she found at an antiquarian bookseller's in London: Weldon & Wesley.<mask> was looking for eighteenth-century engravings of sea creatures to use in a pottery decoration. She bought some French encyclopaedias and, as she was leaving, the bookseller showed her a brightly hand-coloured 'herbal' book of 1817, illustrated with a large selection of plants and flowers. The book, by Thomas Green, was called The Universal -or -Botanical, Medical and Agricultural Dictionary. Botanic Garden has proven to be the company's most successful range of tableware, despite buyers' reluctance at the beginning. <mask>-Ellis recounted:
I remember when we first launched Botanic Garden. At that time you might have had dessert sets which had different patterns on each plate, but for the traditional tableware setting, everything had to match. I thought "Why can't we have different patterns all within one collection?So, I created Botanic Garden!" The department store buyers in 1972 said that no-one would stock it as there were too many designs and that no-one would want to buy it as it didn't match. I think I proved them all wrong! Even in her eighties, Williams-Ellis' desire to continue to design the best tableware and ceramics led her to keep closely involved with the latest generation of Portmeirion designs, introducing Portmeirion to new audiences all over the world. Until 2006, she was still travelling the world, finding inspiration from ancient civilisations and underwater worlds for her art work. <mask> created a large number of paintings and pastel drawings of tropical fish during her lifetime. An avid scuba-diver, she devised a technique of sketching fish and corals from life under the water by using tracing paper and marking crayons.She would paint the final works when back in her studio. They are in the coffee-table art book Magic Gardens and can be seen in <mask>'s granddaughter, Rose Fulbright-Vickers', print design for the Tropical collection. In 2005, she received an honorary fellowship from the Rector of London's University of Arts, Sir Michael Bichard, and University Registrar, <mask>. <mask>-Ellis said:
I was very flattered when I found out that I was to receive an honorary fellowship from University of Arts, London, and even more so when the Rector agreed to come all the way to see me at Portmeirion in North Wales to re-create the ceremony that will be held in my absence in London later this month. I decided to pursue pottery, rather than painting, mainly because I wanted to create affordable and beautiful things. I wanted people to buy my work purely because they liked it, and that it had a function, rather than buying things just as an investment, so its ironic I suppose that my work from the 60s is now considered so "collectable" I am frightfully lucky. When I went to Chelsea before the War, I studied under the sculptor Henry Moore and the painter Graham Sutherland.Twice a week I would be in a class with these icons of modern British art – what a wonderful chance to have, and now I am being given an honorary fellowship from University of Arts, London of which Chelsea forms part, its all come rather full circle hasn’t it? Being in Stoke has also been a wonderful part of my life. The people of Stoke are really the nicest people one could ever meet, and their hard work has established Portmeirion and enabled us to sell our pots around the world. I have been very fortunate. Personal life
On 13 March 1944, her brother, Christopher (1923–1944), fell in action before Monte Cassino as a lieutenant in the Welsh Guards. He had joined up straight from King's College, Cambridge. His friend at Cambridge was Euan Cooper-Willis, who later married <mask>.The couple had four children: daughters Anwyl, Siân, and Menna Angharad; and son Robin Llywelyn. Anwyl and Menna are artists who had a close involvement with Portmeirion Pottery; Siân is a peace activist; Robin is a Welsh language author. Her father wrote in his autobiography, Architect Errant, about his feelings:
His [Clough's son Christopher's] roommate in the Gibbs building there, Euan Cooper-Willis, subsequently married our elder daughter <mask>. The armistice was thus a time of both pleasure and of almost unbearable pain. We soon had grandchildren to add to the pleasure. We decided that since we, Christopher's parents, were alive, we should try to be so properly, and to keep the wound to ourselves. Death
<mask>-Ellis died on 26 November 2007 in her sleep, aged 89.References

External links
 Portmeirion Pottery company website
 Portmeirion Village: article on pottery
 Obituary in The Times, 10 December 2007
 Radio 4 Woman's Hour Interview

1918 births
2007 deaths
Dinnerware designers
English potters
People from Stoke-on-Trent
People from Guildford
People educated at Dartington Hall School
Women potters
20th-century ceramists
British women ceramists
20th-century English businesspeople

masks:
Susan Williams Ellis
Susan
Susan
Susan
Susan
Susan
Susan
Susan Williams
Susan
Susan
Susan Williams
Susan
Susan
Susan Asser
Susan Williams
Susan
Susan
Susan Williams


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<mask> (June 24, 1916 – May 7, 2016) (Partisan name Vid), was a Slovenian architect, journalist, and recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the Partisans of 1941. Life and work
His family moved to Tacen after Gabriele D'Annunzio's conquest of Rijeka in 1920 and later to Ljubljana in 1923. He finished classical gymnasium in 1935 and graduated from the Technical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana in 1940, under the mentorship of Prof. Dr. Ivan Vurnik. During the studies he was active in progressive student associations. In 1941, he joined the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation (OF), where he and his brother France (Cene) made and used a printing and documentation hideout in their own house. On June 15, 1942 he joined the Partisans, where he worked as a technical assistant, organizer and political activist in the Central Technical Section (CT)

He worked in the Partisan printing-press Triglav on the Gotenica Snežnik mountain from 1943 to 1944. After enabling the printing of Partisan bonds and Italian liras, he was transferred to the CT leadership in Stara Žaga as a group leader's assistant for the Graphic Department, and later as the leader of the Central Distribution Department.In October 1944, he was transferred to the main headquarters of the People's Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (NOV-POJ), to OZNA, where he awaited the end of the WW2 on May 9, 1945 as an acting director of the fourth section. During the war, he was a candidate for the Communist Party of Slovenia (KPS) since October 1941 and a member since October 1943. He reached the rank of major, and after the war he was transferred to the reserve forces. Between August 25 and November 26, 1945, he was appointed director of the National Film Company DFJ. After two months, on January 31, 1946 he returned to his profession as a designer in the Federal Architectural Bureau (ZPZ), where he also assisted in the restoration of the king Alexander's palace in Belgrade (Dedinje) and the agricultural laboratory in Zemun. In February 1947, he joined the Yugoslavian technical and economic aid mission to Albania, where he met his future wife, a high-school teacher Ljubica Tafra from Šibenik, who also took part in the mission in the Ministry of Culture. He assisted the Albanian Infrastructure Ministry and also designed the wool processing factory in Tirana.In the fall of 1948, after the Cominform split, the People's Republic of Albania stopped cooperating with Yugoslavia, so he returned to work in Belgrade at the Federal Ministry of Infrastructure. Later he was transferred to the Internal Affairs Department of The Yugoslav State Security Administration (UDBA). In the years from 1952 to 1953, he studied in Paris where he specialized in hospital infrastructure planning. When he returned, he planned the Civil Protection Training Centre in Belgrade (Batajnica). Then he was transferred to the Foreign Affairs Department and supervised the construction of the then Yugoslav embassy in Washington on California Street between 1960 and 1961. Since December 28, 2001 the building has served as the Slovenian Embassy. He also conceptualized the construction of the Yugoslav Embassy in Moscow.In 1963, he returned to Ljubljana, the capital of the then Yugoslav republic of Slovenia, which he had missed while living elsewhere. Here he worked as a senior advisor in the then Ljubljanska banka Gospodarska banka Ljubljana, currently SKB, until his retirement on September 1, 1972. When he was back in Ljubljana, his fruitful publishing activity started. He had a lot of material from his wartime experiences, which he also portrayed in an article entitled "Življenje v tiskarski postojanki 11A Triglavski tiskarni" (The Life in the Printing Outpost 11A Triglav Printing Outpost published in the Borec (Fighter) magazine. Together with a painter Alenka Gerlovič (1919–2010) he wrote Likovna vzgoja otrok (=Likovni pouk otrok) (1968)(Visual Arts Education of Children). However, his most acclaimed book was Štampiljke Osvobodilne fronte slovenskega naroda, 1941 – 1945: podoba in dokaz rojstva slovenske družbe, ljudske oblasti in države v obdobju okupacije in narodnoosvobodilnega boja (1997)(The Official Stamps of the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation 1941–1945: Vision and Proof of the Birth of the Slovenian Society, People's Government and State during Occupation and National Liberation War), about which Dr. Janko Kostnapfel (2009) wrote: “Regarding its contents and production value, this work is at the level of a doctoral dissertation in history, social studies and technical sciences, and yet it is probably little known to other historians". He also made book design for both publications.In addition, he was active in responding to social polemics of the time and helped in the creation of the Encyclopedia of Slovenia. <mask> <mask> – Vid was not just an architect, excellent draftsman and designer, but also a writer of articles and two books, designer of museum exhibitions. He was a fighter for unpolluted environment, active in social and political affairs and one of the founders of the progressive movement Slovenska pot (Slovenian Way). Exact, analytical and logical in his work, he was also in favour of People`s Front and Labour movements. He remained a proponent of humane, democratic and just social society even after the political changes of 1991. The Ljubljana City Assembly awarded the Zlata plaketa illegalca (Golden Plaque of the Member of Underground Movement) to the <mask>č – Golden Plaque of the Member of Underground Movement (May 8, 1984)

References

Further reading
 Gerlovič, Alenka, (1979). Partizansko lutkovno gledališče. Borec, Ljubljana
 Gregorač, Ignac, (1997). Preizkušnja. Naš zbornik 1997, str. 149–166. Društvo piscev zgodovine NOB Slovenije, Ljubljana.Blatnik, Maruša, Burnik, Jelena, (2007). Analiza sovražnika v vizualnih propagandnih materialih NOB. Diplomsko delo. 130 str. Fakulteta za družbene vede, Univerza v Ljubljani. Repe, Božo, (2015). S puško in knjigo: narodnoosvobodilni boj slovenskega naroda 1941–1945.Str. 119–133. Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana. 1916 births
2016 deaths
Architects from Ljubljana
Writers from Ljubljana
Yugoslav architects

masks:
Ignac Gregorač
Ignac
Gregorač
Gregorača


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<mask> (born 27 July 1962) is the director of the Cuban National Center for Sex Education in Havana, as well as the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People, and an activist for LGBT rights in Cuba. <mask> is an outspoken advocate for the LGBT+ community as well as dissolving some of the antiquated stigmas and stereotypes that surround the community. She is the daughter of former Communist Party First Secretary <mask> and feminist and revolutionary Vilma Espín, and the niece of former First Secretary <mask>. Early life

<mask> is the daughter of Communist Party First Secretary <mask> and feminist and revolutionary Vilma Espín, and the niece of former First Secretary and prominent Cuban revolutionary <mask>. She has a brother, <mask>. <mask> states that as a child, she grew up in a homophobic society where members of the LGBT+ community were targeted relentlessly in terms of both law and policy and societal standards and traditional expectations. <mask> stated later in life that she and her peers would “laugh at gays, make fun of them”.After speaking with some of her friends in the LGBT+ community, however, she gained a newfound awareness of the issues they face. <mask> studied modern dance and child psychology. <mask> has published 13 scholarly articles and nine books. On September 26, 2019, it was revealed that the administration of President of the United States, Donald Trump, issued a travel ban on Cuban leader Raúl <mask> and his children as a result of <mask>’s support for Venezuela, spearheaded by Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro. United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo stated that “[Raul] <mask> is responsible for Cuba’s actions to prop up the former Maduro regime in Venezuela through violence, intimidation and repression.”

Cuban National Center for Sex Education
<mask> is the director of the Cuban National Center for Sex Education, or CENESEX, which promotes safe sex and healthy attitudes towards sexuality. She modeled CENESEX after the Federation of Cuban Women, which was established by her mother in 1960. The Federation of Cuban Women, along with other organizations at the time, was created as a result of women and other members of marginalized groups expressing their readiness to be involved in social change.One of their major efforts included a proposal for a change to the government family code that defined marriage as a union between two people, regardless of gender. <mask> once stated in an interview that the federation "spearheaded efforts to confront machismo in many arenas." After the Federation was established, the public, economic, and social position of women in Cuba at the time rose dramatically - employment and equal pay opportunities for women arose, as well as maternity leave and the concept of social security for women. In 1996, along with the Cuban Ministries of Education (MINED), the Cuban National Center for Sex Education created a National Sex Education Program for Cuban schools to teach children about sex in terms of procreation and as a means of pleasure and holistic well-being, gender equality, sexual violence, and sexually transmitted infections. <mask>’s work and research with CENESEX, as well as various organizations that are centered on the research about and the lowering of stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS, has led to immense positive changes in the sexual health in Cuba as a whole. Cuba has one of the lowest HIV infection rates. In addition, those with the virus have access to free antiretroviral drugs through the country’s health system.She is also president of the Cuban Multidisciplinary Centre for the Study of Sexuality, president of the National Commission for Treatment of Disturbances of Gender Identity, member of the Direct Action Group for Preventing, Confronting, and Combatting AIDS, an executive member of the World Association for Sexual Health (WAS), and the director of the journal Sexología y Sociedad, a magazine of Sexology edited by CENESEX. In 2008, the CENESEX and the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People established May as an awareness month about LGBT issues, specifically homo- and trans-phobia. The month of May is turned into a month of awareness as well as festive activities centered around and planned by members of the LGBT+ community, and is centered around the annual International Day Against Homophobia on May 17. The National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People campaigns for effective AIDS prevention as well as recognition and acceptance of LGBT human rights. LGBT rights

In 2004, <mask> met with a group of transgender people that sought assistance from her. In 2005, <mask> proposed a project to allow transgender people to receive sex reassignment surgery and change their legal gender. The measure became law in June 2008 which allows sex change surgery for Cubans without charge.Since the project proposal became law, the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People has attended to more than 120 applications and has performed nearly a dozen surgeries. <mask> is a sitting member of the National Assembly of People's Power. When the assembly voted in 2014 to ban discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment, <mask> opposed the legislation because it did not also include protection on the basis of gender identity, and became the first legislator in the body's history ever to vote against a piece of legislation. On May 5, 2013, <mask> traveled to Philadelphia in order to accept an award from Equality Forum, a nonprofit organization centered on awareness for the LGBT+ community, for her work with her organizations that spread awareness about the issues that those in the LGBT+ community face. The leader and founder of the group, Malcom Lazin, stated that “She is truly an international hero for LGBT equality” and that she has made “remarkable changes for LGBT Cubans.”

In May 2018 at a press conference, <mask> announced that she would push for same-sex marriage to be included in a constitutional reform beginning in July. <mask> also stated the need for tougher sanctions for anti-LGBT+ discrimination and violence. In 2019, a yearly march against homophobia and transphobia was cancelled by <mask> due to regional tensions, which the Miami Herald reported as being "to avoid confrontations with Christian groups."Personal life
As of 2000, according to a former assistant of Raúl <mask>, <mask> <mask> was married to an Italian man and had two children with him, and one child from a previous marriage. References

General references

See also

<mask> <mask>'s March: Cuba's LGBT Revolution

1962 births
Living people
People from Havana
Cuban people of Canarian descent
Cuban people of French descent
Cuban people of Galician descent
LGBT rights activists from Cuba
Mariela
Civil rights activists
HIV/AIDS activists
Cuban sexologists
Children of national leaders
Members of the National Assembly of People's Power
21st-century Cuban women politicians
Women civil rights activists

masks:
Mariela Castro Espín
Castro
Raúl Castro
Fidel Castro
Mariela Castro
Raúl Castro
Fidel Castro
Alejandro Castro Espín
Castro
Castro
Castro
Career Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Mariela
Castro
Mariela
Castro


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<mask> (29 September 1914 – 13 April 1994) was a Ghanaian civil servant, university professor, and economist who served as the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from January 1962 until October 1975, and as the Commissioner for Economic Planning of Ghana from October 1975 until May 1978. <mask> was born in 1914 in Kumasi, Gold Coast, into a family of successful merchants. After attending Adisadel College, he received his education in Sierra Leone and in the United Kingdom. Following the completion of his studies, <mask> became a professor of economics at Fourah Bay College. From 1946 until 1948 he served as an area specialist for the UN Trusteeship Council. In 1949 he was hired as the first Director of Extramural Studies at University College in Ibadan, Nigeria. Four years later he returned to the Gold Coast to serve in the higher levels of the civil service.Following the country's independence as Ghana in 1957, <mask> was appointed by Prime Minister <mask> Nkrumah to be Establishment Secretary. The two had a tenuous working relationship as Nkrumah's idealism conflicted with <mask>'s practical style of administration. Following his dismissal in 1959, <mask> accepted his nomination as Deputy Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). In 1960 civil war erupted in the newly independent Republic of the Congo and <mask> became heavily involved in UN efforts to resolve the situation, serving as a mediator between various factions and as a close adviser to UN Secretary-General U Thant on the matter. In January 1962 <mask> was appointed Executive Secretary of UNECA. In that capacity he oversaw the training of new African experts to staff the organisation and promoted economic development throughout Africa. Following his departure from the UN in 1975 <mask> returned to Ghana to serve as Commissioner for Economic Planning.He resigned in 1978, his reputation as an economist damaged by the instability of the Ghanaian government. <mask> then engaged himself in various academic capacities until his declining health forced him to retire. He died in 1994. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> <mask> <mask> was born on 29 September 1914 in Kumasi, Gold Coast, into the Fante tribe. His double middle name translated from the Fante dialect means "male twin born on Wednesday". He was one of eight children of Phillip H.D<mask> and Nancy Torraine Ferguson, both successful merchants.His father died when he was two years old, and one of his siblings died before reaching adulthood. <mask> studied at St. Syprian Anglican School in Kumasi before attending Adisadel College in Cape Coast, where in 1934 he was Head Prefect. That year he won two school prizes for essays he had written. He also attended Fourah Bay College in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and the University of Cambridge's Selwyn College, graduating from the latter in 1941. <mask> then studied at the University of London and Oxford University's New College. At the latter he worked under Margery Perham while examining constitutional development in the Gold Coast. During this time he became involved with the West African Students' Union and led its study group.In March 1942 he delivered a lecture entitled West Africa and the War before the Royal Institute of International Affairs, discussing the relevance of World War II to the African continent. That year the Royal African Society appointed <mask> to the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures. He also served on the Church of England's Anglo-African committee. He proceeded to the United States to tour American colleges; by March 1943 he had visited 30 institutions. On 24 July of that year he married Linda Charlotte Edwards, a Jamaican painter. They had two daughters, Charlotte and <mask>, and a son, George. Early career

After completing his studies, <mask> secured a position as an economics professor at Fourah Bay College and helped to establish its Department of Commercial and Social Studies.In late 1946 he assisted a British delegation at an international conference on education in Paris. Later that year he was hired by Ralph Bunche to work as an area specialist for the United Nations Trusteeship Council with a focus on West Africa in the Section of Territorial Research and Analysis. Bunche also placed him on the staff of the Special Palestine Commission. He served as an area specialist until 1948. In October 1949 he was made the first Director of Extramural Studies at University College in Ibadan, Nigeria, making him the only African department head at the institution. Under his tenure, the department employed experimental methods to promote and develop its programs, and by 1952 it was determined to be a success. He resigned on 30 September 1953.<mask> subsequently joined the Gold Coast Civil Service as the Director of the Department of Social Welfare and Community, becoming the third African to be entrusted with a department in the colony. In that capacity he sought to establish more vocational schools throughout the country. The following year he was made Chairman of the Kumasi College of Technology Council. In 1955 he was made Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Housing. Following the Gold Coast's independence as Ghana in 1957, Prime Minister <mask> Nkrumah appointed <mask> Establishment Secretary, making him the head of the Ghana Civil Service. During <mask>'s tenure the two frequently clashed. According to observers, the disagreements between them stemmed from their differing personalities; <mask> was pragmatic, while Nkrumah was idealistic.<mask> was often sought by lower level civil servants to shield them from political pressure. He worked to balance demands for Africanisation with professional competence in the bureaucracy. In his capacity as Establishment Secretary, he drafted a protocol that allowed Ghana to manage its own assets housed in British West African organisations until the relevant neighboring colonies could achieve independence. Nevertheless, Nkrumah withdrew Ghana's capital from the groups with the stated purpose of ensuring complete monetary independence from the United Kingdom. In 1958 <mask> was serving as the Prime Minister's chief of staff. Nkrumah considered dispatching him as high commissioner to Pretoria, South Africa, but the idea was ultimately discarded, in part due to the difficulties in finding <mask>'s children the means to earn an education in the region. Late in his tenure he dismissed his sister from her nursing position for an unexcused extended leave of absence, straining his family ties.He later said, "I had no choice. Her action was clearly contrary to the regulations." In 1959 <mask> was dismissed by Nkrumah for unknown reasons. In May he accepted a nomination to the post of Deputy Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). By taking the job his political position in Ghana was made neutral, but his overall reputation in the African continent was diminished, as others saw his UN role as an external imposition. Several African states that had close ties with Nkrumah were also unenthusiastic about his discontent with the Prime Minister. <mask> moved to UNECA's headquarters in Addis Ababa on 17 May, but following the outbreak of civil war in the newly independent Republic of the Congo he was appointed consultant in public administration to the chief of the civilian mission of the UN Operation in the Congo (known under its French acronym as ONUC) in August 1960 and tasked with helping rebuild the Congolese civil service.He faced difficulty in his work because his Ghanaian nationality aroused the suspicions of Congolese President <mask>-Vubu; the Ghanaian government had offered enthusiastic support to <mask>-Vubu's rival, Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba. Following Lumumba's dismissal in September, <mask> asked to be replaced. In November he resumed his work at UNECA. In March 1961 he returned to the Congo at the behest of UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld to lead a Secretariat mission in negotiating a deal concerning the reorganisation of the Congolese Army. On 26 July <mask> was appointed Director of the Public Administration Division at the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, making him the highest ranking African in the UN's staff. While he worked in New York, he also acted as the foremost Congo adviser to Hammarskjöld's successor, U Thant. He played a key role in mediating the negotiations that resulted in the reconvening of the Congolese Parliament and a ceasefire between UN peacekeepers and the armed forces of the secessionist State of Katanga.On 26 January 1962 <mask> was appointed Officer-in-Charge of ONUC and tasked with managing approximately 400 UN civilian staff. He flew into the Congo on 10 February to assume control of the mission and subsequently garnered significant worldwide media attention in the role. The situation in the Congo deescalated in January 1963 and on 1 May he ended his service. Executive Secretary of UNECA

At the same time as his appointment to ONUC <mask> was named Executive Secretary of UNECA, but while he was in the Congo he did not assume any of the responsibilities of the post. Upon his return to Addis Ababa, he worked to guard the organisation from controversies and operate it in a non-partisan manner, circumventing African national and continental political disputes and avoiding the causing of offense to governments. Mindful of the criticism of his predecessor, Mekki <mask>, for being too passive, <mask> promised that under his management UNECA would take an active role in economic planning and development projects. During his 12 year-tenure in the post, he advocated for the Africanisation of UNECA's staff and the methods it utilised.As he had few resources, his first objectives upon entering office was to improve the commission's data gathering abilities and to acquire qualified personnel. The latter goal was furthered by his establishment of three training paths for African personnel: fellowship awards, seminars and workshops, and education at institutions. The program proved highly successful and by 1968 a total of 1,600 professionals had been trained. As a result, many countries were able to Africanise their statistical and demographic services. He also used the commission to promote smaller regional and subregional economic, research, training, and banking organisations. Following the foundation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963, <mask> appealed to the community for cooperation with UNECA in furthering economic growth. Nevertheless, <mask>'s conservative approach and modest outlook for African development ran contrary to the socialist-leaning idealism of the OAU leadership, and the resulting rivalry between UNECA and OAU undermined inter-organisational coordination and the technical capability of the latter for years.In April–May 1967 <mask> attended the Accra Conference that resulted in the eventual foundation of the Economic Community of West African States. He presented the Articles of Association to the conference for signature and advised that the smaller West African states should attempt to integrate sections of their markets to open themselves up to a wider array of economic activities. <mask> strongly endorsed the construction of a Lagos–Mombasa Highway, and on 1 July 1971 he established the Trans-African Highway Bureau to oversee the development of a continental road network. He also played a key role in convincing states to sign the African Economic Charter in 1973. Partly due to his efforts to promote regional economic organisations, Ghana mollified its resistance towards West African integration in the 1970s. After being approached by the British Broadcasting Corporation, <mask> agreed to become the first African to deliver the Reith Lectures. Entitled A World of Peoples, his six broadcasts in 1965 discussed race relations.The following year he published a book under the same name. He also delivered the Gilbert Murray Memorial Lectures in 1969, the J. B. Danquah Memorial Lectures in 1970, and the Aggrey-Fraser-Guggisberg Memorial Lectures in 1972. In 1969 Ghanaian Prime Minister <mask> <mask> Busia offered him the office of Secretary of the Presidential Commission and Council of State. <mask> subsequently wrote a letter of resignation to Thant and made preparations to return to Accra. Meanwhile, members of Busia's cabinet led by Foreign Minister Victor Owusu insisted that <mask> not be given the post, objecting to Busia's ostensible intentions to "groom" him to be the next President of Ghana. Busia relented and sent a letter to Thant expressing his government's wish that <mask> remain at the UN.When <mask> was informed of the decision he was deeply embarrassed and kept his post. In 1972 he was dispatched to Uganda where he attempted in vain to convince President Idi <mask> to halt the expulsion of Asian minorities from the country. While at UNECA he served as a mentor to fellow Ghanaian and future UN Secretary-General <mask> <mask>. Concurrent academic and advisory activities
Following the unanimous approval of the governments of the Commonwealth of Nations, <mask> was appointed Chairman of the Commonwealth Foundation, serving from 1970 until 1973. He was a visiting professor of economics at the University of Strathclyde from 1970 until 1975. He was also a visiting professor of economics and senior consultant to the newly established Centre for Development Studies at the University of Cape Coast from 1974 until 1977 and the chairman of the Board of Directors of the Post and Telecommunications Corporation. Later he was a fellow of Selwyn College, the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration.Between 1970 and 1975 <mask> was variously a member of the Advisory Committee of the Council on World Tensions, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research of Ghana, the Third World Foundation, and the UN Development Planning Committee. <mask> also served as trustee or board member for the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and the Third World Prize Selection Committee, and sponsored Minority Rights Group International. Return to Ghana
In October 1975 <mask> left UNECA and returned to Ghana. On 14 October he was appointed Commissioner for Economic Planning for the Supreme Military Council. Two years later the government dispatched him to Nairobi in an attempt to improve relations between Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda and salvage the financially troubled East African Railways and Harbours Corporation. He also personally involved himself in anti-corruption efforts in the port of Takoradi. He resigned in May 1978, citing concern for his health.According to Africa Confidential, there were rumours that <mask> had resigned in an attempt to distance himself from Ignatius <mask> <mask>'s economically unstable regime. His reputation as an economist was nevertheless tarnished. Afterwards he served a term as the Chairman of the Council of the University of Science and Technology (successor to the Kumasi College of Technology) and edited the African Development Bank's 20th anniversary book, African Development Bank : 1964–1984, until his declining health forced him into retirement. <mask> died early in the morning on 13 April 1994 in Accra, Ghana, survived by his wife and children. Beliefs and personality

In comparison to his Ghanaian contemporaries, <mask> was a conservative. He believed that political and economic issues of transformation could be separated and strongly supported a capitalist model of development. He thought increased productivity and higher wages would boost Ghana's economy, and believed that the persistence of a trade deficit would contribute to inflation and national financial difficulties.He expressed that improved transport and communication systems and rural education and health services as well as land redistribution, participation in global trade, and expanded job opportunity would contribute to development in Africa. <mask> also thought that African aid models were too reliant on foreign assistance and that such assistance should only be used to augment local development efforts. He advocated for the normalisation of relations between African states and the white minority government of South Africa, believing the former could benefit from the economic strength of the latter. Evaluations of <mask> generally perceive him to be politically moderate and primarily an international civil servant, rather than a political figure. His successor at the UNECA Secretariat, <mask> <mask>, felt he lacked a creative outlook, saying of him, "<mask> was a conservative economist who didn't see anything wrong with the extant development paradigm." <mask> was quiet and reserved in nature. His two favorite sayings were "complacency breeds arrogance" and "one's job can never be finished".He enjoyed walking, golfing, reading, and listening to music. Honours

<mask> was awarded nine honorary degrees from universities in the United States, United Kingdom, and Ghana over the course of his life. Donald Robinson included him in his 1970 book, The 100 Most Important People in the World Today. At the opening session of the International Conference for the Study of the Problem of Developing Countries in 1975 he was awarded a gold medal by Italian President Giovanni Leone in recognition for his contributions to Africa. In March 1978 <mask> was inducted into the Order of the Volta with companion insignia for his service as Commissioner for Economic Planning. A collection of essays published in 1990 was dedicated to him. In 2000 <mask> stated that <mask> was one of "[Ghana's] great figures of the past".Notes

Citations

References

People of the Congo Crisis
1914 births
1994 deaths
People from Kumasi
Fante people
Ghanaian officials of the United Nations
Ghanaian economists
Government ministers of Ghana
Fourah Bay College alumni
University of Ibadan faculty
Recipients of the Order of the Volta
Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences

masks:
Robert Kweku Atta Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Kwame
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Robert Kweku
Atta
Gardiner
. Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Roberta
Gardiner
Gardiner
Kwame
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Joseph Kasa
Kasa
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Abbas
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Kofi
Abrefa
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Amin
Kofi
Annan
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Kutu
Acheampong
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Adebayo
Adedeji
Robert Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Annan
Gardiner


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<mask> (born April 1, 1957) is an American football coach who is currently the offensive coordinator at the University of Nebraska. Previously he served as offensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh until 2021. <mask> was the head football coach at University of New Haven from 1988 to 1993, Brown University from 1994 to 1997, and stints as the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass), from 1998 to 2003 and 2014 to 2018. His 1998 UMass team won the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship. He was the quarterbacks coach for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) in 2011 and 2012. Before joining the Browns in January 2011, <mask> worked for two seasons as the offensive coordinator at the University of Miami. He previously coached in the NFL, working as a quarterback coach with the Pittsburgh Steelers from 2004 to 2006 and as an offensive assistant coach with the Philadelphia Eagles in 2007 and 2008.On January 14, 2014, <mask> returned to UMass as head coach. Early life and playing career
<mask> was born in Tarrytown, New York before moving to Phoenix, Arizona at the age of nine. He is a graduate of Camelback High School, where he was an All-State performer in both football and baseball. <mask> was named the Arizona Scholar-Athlete of the Year in 1975. <mask> went on to play football at Brown University, where he was a 1979 graduate with a bachelor's degree in political science. <mask> was the starting quarterback for the Bears in 1977 and 1978, leading Brown to a 13–5 record and a pair of second-place Ivy League finishes. He was a member of the Bears' 1976 Ivy League championship team, the first Ivy football championship in school history.During his three-year varsity career, he completed 175 of 340 passes for 2,365 yards and 13 touchdowns, while running for 518 yards and 10 touchdowns. A two-time honorable mention All-Ivy pick in football, <mask> also earned four varsity letters on the baseball diamond as Brown's starting shortstop. He was inducted into the Brown Athletic Hall of Fame in 1996. Coaching career
<mask> began his coaching career as an assistant coach at St. Lawrence University in 1980, before serving as the offensive coordinator at Union College for next two seasons. In 1984, <mask> was hired as an assistant coach at his alma mater (Brown) where he worked with the wide receivers. The following season, <mask> spent as a member of the coaching staff for the United States Football League's Arizona Wranglers under George Allen, assisting with the quarterbacks. <mask> served as the offensive coordinator at the University of New Hampshire for two years before receiving his first head coaching opportunity, as the new head coach of the University of New Haven Chargers in 1988.While at New Haven, his 1992 squad finished 12–1 and ranked No. 5 nationally. The team led all NCAA divisions in scoring offense (50.5 points per game) and total offense (587.7 yards per game). His 1993 New Haven team was named Sports Illustrated's "Best Offense in College Football" while averaging 52.5 points and 557.6 yards of total offense per game. His 1993 squad ranked as high as No. 2 nationally. In 1994, he was hired by his alma mater to serve as head football coach at Brown University, where he spent the next four seasons.While at Brown, his 1997 squad set Ivy League and school records for total offense (474.3 yards per game) which included a single-game record of 629 yards against Yale. His 1995 team set several single-season records including most points (282), total offense (4,165 yards), passing offense (2,502 yards) and first downs (227). In his first stint as coach of UMass from 1998 to 2003, he won the NCAA Division I-AA national title in his first season at the school. His UMass teams rewrote the record books, setting more than 40 team records. In 1998 his national championship team posted school records in points scored (524), touchdowns (73), total yards (7,074), passing yards (4,050), completions (306), and first downs (354). <mask> left college football for a position as an assistant coach with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL in 2004 where he was instrumental in the development of Ben Roethlisberger, who in his rookie season became the first NFL quarterback to finish a season undefeated with a 13–0 record in games he started. Roethlisberger later became the youngest starting quarterback to win a Super Bowl.On January 25, 2007, <mask> was let go by new Steelers head coach Mike Tomlin and replaced with Ken Anderson. The next day, <mask> was hired by the Philadelphia Eagles. On January 7, 2009, <mask> was named the offensive coordinator at Miami. <mask> was fired along with head coach Randy Shannon, following the end of the season loss to South Florida on November 27, 2010. After coach Tom O'Brien left Boston College to coach North Carolina State, it was reported that <mask> was the leading candidate to replace him. That job eventually went to Jeff Jagodzinski. He was reported to be the leading candidate for the Connecticut Huskies head football coach, an opening created when Randy Edsall left to replace Ralph Friedgen as the head coach at the University of Maryland, College Park following the 2010 season.However, Connecticut hired Paul Pasqualoni on January 13, 2011. <mask> signed a contract with the Cleveland Browns on January 30, 2011 to be their quarterback coach. He was fired along with the rest of the Browns coach staff at the end of the 2012 season. Head coaching record

References

External links
 Nebraska profile

1957 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Brown Bears football coaches
Brown Bears football players
Cleveland Browns coaches
Miami Hurricanes football coaches
Nebraska Cornhuskers football coaches
New Hampshire Wildcats football coaches
New Haven Chargers football coaches
Philadelphia Eagles coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers football coaches
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches
St. Lawrence Saints football coaches
UMass Minutemen football coaches
Union Dutchmen football coaches
United States Football League coaches
Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
People from Tarrytown, New York
Coaches of American football from Arizona
Players of American football from Phoenix, Arizona

masks:
Mark John Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Whipple
Mark Whipple
Whipple


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<mask> (1945–2007) was an American bas-relief sculptor and painter based in New Orleans, Louisiana. His work documented the tribulations of life in the Algiers neighborhood of New Orleans. Life and career
<mask> was born the eldest of eight children on May 31, 1945 to Elizabeth and <mask>. Singleton recalled that one day when he was ten years old, his father left the house to buy a pack of cigarettes and never returned. His mother supported the family on her single income working at a hospital. He attended school until the seventh grade, although other accounts claim the sixth grade. He worked most of his youth in a steel factory and as a bridge painter. He was arrested as a young adult for various narcotic crimes and spent thirteen years in the Louisiana State Penitentiary between 1967 and 1986.After his release, he began making little clay snake sculptures for the Voodoo Museum in New Orleans in 1970. Distraught by the fragility of unfired clay, <mask> switched his medium to wood and began carving long ax handles into walking sticks, primarily used as weapons. His customers were pimps, drug dealers, and horse-and-carriage drivers in the French Quarter. In fact, one carriage driver notoriously killed a robber during a mugging with one of Singleton's sticks, and thus they became known as "Killer Sticks." His later work was carved on doors and other solid woods found on the banks of the Mississippi River. It is estimated that <mask> completed over 200 works, although his earliest creations cannot be counted accurately. He lived the rest of his life in Algiers, a New Orleans' neighborhood on the western bank of the Mississippi River.He died at the age of 62. Subject and materials
Singleton used manual tools such as knives, chisels and mallets to carve his pieces. Most of the wood he used he collected from the levees bordering Mississippi River. He often found oak and cypress doors and cabinets to work with. Reflecting on his artistic process, Singleton said, "When the river was low, I would find a plank of wood to carve. I would look at it and wonder if someone's life fell apart." He painted his reliefs and carvings with saturated enamel primary colors.His early carvings, "killer sticks," and stools depict intricate scenes of violence, lynchings, drugs, dealing, prostitution, and other every-day scenes from the inner-city of New Orleans. His stylized, dramatic narratives come from personal experience living amidst violent crime, police brutality, and financial instability. In 1980 his sister and two friends were murdered by three white police officers searching for an African American person who shot another white officer. They took Singleton in for questioning, beat, and suffocated him for twelve hours. None of the officers were charged for the murders or cruel punishment. The art historian and curator Alice Rae Yelen noted a shift in his subject matter mid-career. Once Singleton switched to doors and larger materials, He began to depict biblical scenes, local social situations, and autobiographical subjects.Broadly, <mask>'s subject matter can be categorized as either religious scenes, scenes from contemporary African American street life, or socio-political themes from local to international scope. Exhibitions
<mask> has shown work in the following exhibitions:

 Ten Southern Black Folk Artists. 1990, Icons Gallery, Houston, TX. Not by Luck: Self-Taught Artists in the American South. 1993, Hunterdon Art Center, Clinton, NJ. Black History and Artistry: Work by Self-Taught Painters and Sculptors from the Blanchard Hill Collection. 5 Feb- 3 Mar, 1993, Baruch College, CUNY, New York, NY.Pictured in my Mind: Contemporary American Self-Taugt Art from the collection of Dr. Kurt Gitter and Alice Rae Yellen. 1995, Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL. By Any Means Necessary: Sculpture by African American Self-Taught Artists. 14 Jan- 13 Feb, 1999, Cavin-Morris Gallery, New York, NY. Let it ShineL Self-Taught Art from the T. Marshall Hahn Collection. 23 Jun- 2 Sep, 2001, High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA.
 Singular Visions: Folk Art from Charlottesville Collections. 5 Oct- 2 Dec. 2001, University of Virginia Art Museum, Charlottesville, VA.
 Street Savvy: New and Recent Works.2002, Jamaica Center for Arts and Learning, Jamaica, NY. Goin' Cross my Mind: Contemporary Self-Taught Artists of Louisiana. 2002, Madame John's Legacy, New Orleans, LA. The Louisiana Purchase Dis-Mantled. Apr-May 2003, Barrister's Gallery, New Orleans, LA. Tony Green does Mardi Gras. Feb 2004, John Stinson Fine Arts, New Orleans, LA.Coming Home: Self-Taught Artists, the Bible, and the American South. 19 Jun- 13 Nov 2004, Art Museum of University of Memphis, Memphis, TN. The Souls of Black Folk: Selections of African American Folk Art from the Museum's Permanent Collection. 28 Nov. 2004- ongoing, Museum of African American Life and Culture, Dallas, TX. The Dream Lives On: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Struggle for Justice. Jan- Feb 2005, Robert Cargo Folk Art Gallery, Paoli, PA.
 Amazing Grace: Self-taught Artists from the Mullis Foundation. 29 Sep 2007- 6 Jan, 2008, Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, GA.
 Crossroads: Spirituality in American Folk Traditions.17 Nov, 2007- 24 Feb, 2008, Owensboro Museum of Fine Art, Owensboro, KY.
 Houston Collects: African American Art. 3 Aug- 26 Oct, 2008, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX. Go Tell It On the Mountain. 4 Oct 2012- 8 Jun 2013, California African American Museum, Los Angeles, CA. Souls Stirring: African American Self-Taught Artists from the South. 3 Oct. 2013- 8 Jun. 2014, California African American Museum, Los Angeles, CA.Prospect.3 Notes for Now. 25 Oct 2014- 25 Jan, 2015, Multi-venue, New Orleans, LA. Collections
The following museums have works by <mask> in their permanent collections:

 Smithsonian American Art Museum
Minneapolis Institute of Art
High Museum of Art
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Ogden Museum of Southern Art
Pérez Art Museum Miami
Contemporary Art Center
Birmingham Museum of Art
Museum of African American Life and Culture

References

1945 births
2007 deaths
African-American sculptors
20th-century American painters
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century male artists
American male sculptors
American male painters
Painters from Louisiana
Artists from New Orleans
Sculptors from Louisiana
20th-century African-American painters
21st-century African-American people

masks:
Herbert Singleton
Herbert Singleton
Herbert Singleton Sr
Singleton
Singleton
Singleton
Singleton
Singleton


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<mask> (December 4, 1804 – December 17, 1891) was a prominent and prolific American architect based in New Haven, Connecticut. He practiced for more than fifty years and designed many public buildings and homes primarily in the New Haven area. His most significant years of production seem to be the 1840s and 1850s. Life and practice
The paucity of precise information concerned with <mask> and a lack of many personal papers (such as diaries or letters) makes a complete biography of his life difficult to write. <mask> was born in Hamden, Connecticut in 1804 and was the son of Daniel and Adah (Dorman) <mask>. He first seems to have worked as a carpenter's apprentice and then began his career in architecture in association with Ithiel Town and Alexander Jackson Davis, although the nature of his relationship to Town and Davis has not been ascertained. In 1837, he opened his own office in Hartford, evidenced by newspaper advertisements.In Hartford, he designed the tower of Christ Church Cathedral (1838), the Wadsworth Athenaeum with Town and Davis (1842, his involvement is uncertain), the demolished gothic-revival Kellogg house (1841), and the long-gone 1842 building for St. John's Episcopal Church (Hartford, Connecticut); he also became associated at this time with Nelson Hotchkiss a New Haven real estate developer and designed with him villas along "Park Row" in Trenton, NJ, probably his first major commission. In 1841, he moved his practice to New Haven where his first significant commission was the now-demolished, Greek Revival George Gabriel House (1841). In New Haven, <mask>'s style diversified; in one ad, <mask> claimed he could design buildings "in every variety of architectural style". He worked in a range of styles popular in the nineteenth century including Gothic, Italianate, Egyptian and Moorish Revival. In some buildings, he employed an eclectic mix of styles, creating varied, exotic formi. His New Haven work left a lasting impression on the domestic architecture of the then-developing real estate projects in the areas of Wooster Square and Hillhouse Avenue. In Wooster Square he designed the Italianate James E. English House (1845), the exotic Indian/Moorish Willis Bristol House (1845), the Nelson Hotchkiss House (1850), and the irregular Italianate villa Oliver B.King House (1852). On Hillhouse Avenue he worked on the James Dwight Dana House (1848) and the John Pitkin Norton House (1849), as well as remodeled the Greek Revival Ithiel Town House of 1836 for Joseph E. Sheffield in 1859 (demolished), encasing Town's structure in an exuberant Italianate shell. In New Haven, <mask> made the so-called candelabra column (a column inspired by Indian architecture consisting of superimposed vegetal layers) his signature, as well as elaborate Indian/Moorish lambrequins over windows, and thick vegetal anthemia and tendrils over window surrounds. Other significant works in New Haven include the Grove Street Cemetery Gate in Egyptian Revival (1848–49), Dwight Hall at Yale (1842–1845), the Townsend City Savings Bank (demolished, 1852), the Palladium Building (formerly Young Men's Institute, 1855) and the strange Moorish New Haven Railroad Station (demolished, 1848). His most significant non-residential commission in New Haven was the City Hall (1860), a polychrome, asymmetrical, Gothic Revial structure, which, although significantly altered in the 1980s, still maintains <mask>'s facade and some interior decorative features. <mask> also worked in other regions and states. In Connecticut, he designed churches in Gothic revival and Italianate styles in Northford (Congregational 1845), Waterbury (St. John's Episcopal Church, 1846), Kent (First Congregational 1849), Plainville (Congregational 1850), and Seymour (Trinity Episcopal, 1858).Perhaps his most significant out-of-state commission was the Morse-Libby House (Victoria Mansion) in Portland, ME, 1857–1860, for Sylvester Ruggles Morse. This large, elaborate Italianate mansion in brownstone is considered one of <mask>'s best works and has been called "one of the culminating domestic designs of the antebellum years, and of the Italianate villa in general." One of his last major commissions was for the gothic, brownstone library (Rich Hall, 1866–68), now Patricelli '92 Theater, at Wesleyan University in Middletown, CT.

After the 1860s, <mask>'s style changed with the times, incorporating structures in the Second Empire and Stick styles. In 1868, he constructed two Second Empire houses on Prospect Street in New Haven for Oliver Winchester and John M. Davies. The Winchester House has been demolished, but the Davies house remains, having been restored by Yale and renamed the Betts House. <mask>'s son, Fred, joined his father's practice in later years, but the firm did not survive long after <mask>'s death. Throughout his later years, <mask> maintained control of his firm and was famous as he aged for wearing a dark brown wig.He was the chairman of the Board of Commissioners of Public Buildings in New Haven at the time of his death; he also served on the New Haven city council in 1854 and belonged to the Masons for fifty years. For an image of the only photograph that was taken of <mask>:   In recent years, curiosity has been raised about <mask>'s professional relationship to his New Haven contemporary, Sidney Mason Stone, but, other than minor references to civic duties they shared, there seems to be little documentation available to fuel such an inquiry. <mask> was married twice, first to Harriet M. Hooker, then to Jane Hempstead, and had four children who survived into adulthood, Willard, <mask>, David, and Fred. He died in 1891 in New Haven and is interred in Grove Street Cemetery, whose famous gates he designed. Selected works
* indicates demolished or significantly altered buildings

References

External links
 Yale University Library Digital Collections. <mask>. <mask> papers (MS 1034).Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. 1804 births
1891 deaths
Architects from Connecticut
Architects from Hartford, Connecticut
Architects from New Haven, Connecticut
Burials at Grove Street Cemetery
19th-century American architects

masks:
Henry Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Austin
Henry
Henry Austin
Henry Austin


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<mask> is a West End and Broadway playwright whose plays have been translated into 30 languages and performed in over 40 countries. He is best known for his Broadway play End of the Rainbow, which was adapted for the Oscar-winning film Judy (2019), starring Renée Zellweger. He is also author of the West End comedy "Glorious!" about the amateur opera singer Florence Foster Jenkins. <mask> has twice been nominated for the Olivier Award (Best New Comedy and Best New Play) and his Broadway debut was nominated for 3 Tony Awards. Early life
<mask> was born in Colchester, England and is an honours graduate of Leeds University. He began his writing career from his home in Greenwich, London where he lived for 14 years before emigrating to the Spanish Canary Islands.Early career
He started his career as a television presenter on BBC TV. He was a presenter of the Children's BBC programme "Playdays" and also appeared as an actor on a number of TV series including "London's Burning". His first play was an all-female comedy Respecting Your Piers and he followed this with The Canterville Ghost a musical adaptation of Oscar Wilde's The Canterville Ghost which played a number one tour of the UK starring Ron Moody. International success
In 1999, Quilter made his West End debut with a comedy about the pop industry, “BoyBand”. The show played a summer season at the Gielgud Theatre and later enjoyed success in South Africa, Denmark, Estonia, Poland, and on a 60-venue tour of the Netherlands. It is currently playing at the Divadlo Nova Scena in Bratislava and recently had its Asian premiere in Tokyo Japan. In 2005, Quilter had a bigger international hit with End of the Rainbow, a musical drama about the final months in the life of Judy Garland.It premiered at the Sydney Opera House in Australia (winning Caroline O'Connor two Best Actress awards), and also had an award-winning run at the 2006 Edinburgh Festival. The following year, Joop van den Ende presented a new Dutch production, which played a seven-month tour of the Netherlands culminating in performances at the Royal Theatre Carré in Amsterdam. The show then enjoyed runs in the Czech Republic, Finland, Poland and New Zealand. A new UK production opened in February 2010 at the Royal Theatre in Northampton, directed by Terry Johnson, designed by William Dudley and starring Tracie Bennett. The show transferred to London's West End on 16 November, playing at the Trafalgar Theatre. The show opened to great critical acclaim and was featured on the front cover of The Times newspaper. The play ended its six-month run in May 2011.The show received nominations for 4 Laurence Olivier Awards – Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Sound and Best New Play. A new Spanish production opened at the Teatro Marqina in Madrid in January 2011, followed by a German production at the Hamburger Kammerspiele in June 2011 and a Brazilian production in Rio de Janeiro directed by Moeller-Botelho. In January 2012, the show had its USA debut at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, prior to a run on Broadway at the Belasco Theatre, which began previews on 19 March. The production opened to excellent reviews, ran for 176 performances and received three Tony Award nominations including Best Actress for Bennett. The show continues to be produced frequently around the world and has had successful runs in Buenos Aires, Chicago, Montreal, Mexico City, Tokyo, Los Angeles, Krakow, Berlin, Adelaide, Tel Aviv, Rome, Prague, Moscow and Amsterdam amongst many other cities. The movie Judy is an adaptation of the play. Pathé and the BBC produced the film, released in 2019, directed by Rupert Goold, and starring Renée Zellweger and Michael Gambon.Zellweger won the Oscar for Actress in a leading role. She also won the SAG, BAFTA and Golden Globe award for her performance as Judy Garland. Quilter's other major hit Glorious! also received its debut production in 2005, opening at Birmingham Repertory Theatre and transferring in November 2005 to the Duchess Theatre in the West End of London. The production starred the much loved comedy actress Maureen Lipman, was directed by Alan Strachan and produced by impresario Michael Codron. Glorious! told the story of Florence Foster Jenkins, the worst singer in the world.It ran in London for six months and over 200 performances. The play was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award as Best New Comedy. Glorious! made its North American debut at Theatre Calgary and had its first foreign language production at the Helsinki City Theatre, under the title Suurenmoista! Glorious! has since played in over 30 countries to an estimated audience of two million people. In 2008 Quilter created a three-actor version which premiered at the Fulton Opera House, Philadelphia and also played to great success in Rio de Janeiro and Madrid.One of the most popular productions has been in Poland ("Boska") starring the legendary Krystyna Janda. The production has visited Chicago and New York, has toured to all major polish cities, and been broadcast live on national television. In recent years, new productions have opened in Bratislava, Caracas, Vienna, Kiev, Belgrade, Riga, Johannesburg, Budapest and Toronto. In 2016 his 3-actor play 4000 Days opened at the Park Theatre in London starring Alistair McGowan. The play has had further productions in Hamburg, Sao Paulo, Pennsylvania and Prague. It toured throughout Germany in 2019 and again in 2022. In 2020, his comedy "The Hill" had its premiere at the Divadlo Ungelt in Prague and in 2021, his 2-actor comedy "Snowbound" had its premiere productions on national tours of Russia and Italy.His new all-female show "Step By Step" will debut in various countries in 2022, including anticipated runs in Barcelona and Madrid. Other works
His other work includes –

The Morning After a modern comedy about love, sex and relationships. The Actress a theatrical comedy which had its world premiere in Rio de Janeiro in May 2015. Saving Jason a new black comedy which had its London premiere at the Park Theatre in 2016. Duets an award-winning romantic comedy for a cast of two actors that has been performed in 20 countries. Celebrity filmed for Polish TV as Rodzinny Show and performed on stage in Sweden, Denmark, the Czech Republic and Canada. Just the Ticket a one-woman comedy, which had its world premiere at Australia's Ensemble Theatre in February 2011.Curtain Up! an all-female comedy which has played in many European countries. The Nightingales a comedy with music which Premiered at the Contra Kreiss Theater in Bonn Germany in 2012. References

  official website for playwright <mask>er
 New York Times review for End of the Rainbow on Broadway

English dramatists and playwrights
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English male dramatists and playwrights
People from Colchester
Alumni of the University of Leeds
English emigrants to Spain

masks:
Peter Quilter
Peter
Quilter
Peter Quilt


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<mask> of Kiev or Anna Yaroslavna (c. 1030 – 1075) was a Rus' princess who became queen of France in 1051 upon marrying King Henry I. She ruled the kingdom as regent during the minority of their son Philip I from Henry's death in 1060 until her controversial marriage to Count Ralph IV of Valois. <mask> founded the Abbey of St. Vincent at Senlis. Childhood

<mask> was a daughter of Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev and Prince of Novgorod, and his second wife <mask>tter of Sweden. Her exact birthdate is unknown; Philippe Delorme has suggested 1027, while Andrew Gregorovich has proposed 1032, citing a mention in a Kievan chronicle of the birth of a daughter to Yaroslav in that year. <mask>'s exact place in the birth order of her siblings is unknown, although she was almost certainly the youngest daughter. Little is known about <mask>'s childhood or education.It is assumed that she was literate, at least enough to write her name, because her signature in Cyrillic exists on a document from 1061. Delorme has pointed out that Yaroslav founded a number of schools in his kingdom and suggests that education was highly valued in his family, leading him to propose a significant level of education for <mask>. Gregorovich has suggested that <mask> learned French in preparation for her marriage to King Henry I of France. Engagement
The negotiations for <mask>'s marriage to the 18-years-older King Henry took place in the late 1040s, after the death of Henry's first wife, Matilda of Frisia, and their only child. Due to the pressing need for an heir, and the Church's growing disapproval of consanguineous marriages, it became necessary for Henry to seek an unrelated bride. The Kievan Rus' was not unknown to the French. Yaroslav had married several of his children to Western rulers in an attempt to avoid the influence of the Byzantine Empire.In the autumn of 1049 or the spring of 1050, Henry sent Bishop Gauthier of Meaux, Goscelin of Chauny, and other unnamed advisors to Yaroslav's court. It is possible that there were two diplomatic missions to the Rus at this time, with Roger of Chalons also present. No record of the marriage negotiations or the dowry arrangements survives, although <mask> reportedly left Kiev with "rich presents". Gregorovich claims that part of the wealth she brought to France included the jacinth jewel that Abbot Suger later mounted on a reliquary of St. Denis. <mask> left Kiev in the summer or fall of 1050 and traveled to Reims. Queenship

<mask> married Henry on 19 May 1051, during the feast of Pentecost. Henry was nearly twenty years older than <mask>.Her wedding on 19 May 1051 followed the installation of Lietbert as bishop of Cambrai, and <mask> was crowned immediately following the marriage ceremony, making her the first French queen to celebrate her coronation in Reims Cathedral. <mask> and Henry were married for nine years and had three sons: Philip, Robert (who died young), and Hugh. <mask> is often credited with introducing the Greek name "Philip" to royal families of Western Europe, as she bestowed it on her first son; she might have imported this Greek name from her Eastern Orthodox culture. There may also have been a daughter, Emma, perhaps born in 1055; it is unknown if she married or when she died. Henry and <mask> of Kiev are additionally said to have been the parents of the beatified figure Edigna. As queen, <mask> would have had the privilege of participating in the royal council, but there are almost no records of her doing so. In one 1058 charter, Henry granted a privilege to a couple of villages associated with the monastery of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés doing so "with the approval of my wife <mask> and our children Philip, Robert, and Hugh."<mask> seems to have possessed territories in the same region under the terms of her dower. In 1059, King Henry began feuding with the Church over issues related to Gregorian Reform. During this time, Pope Nicholas II sent Queen <mask> a letter counselling her to follow her conscience to right wrongs and intervene against oppressive violence, while also encouraging her to advocate with her husband so that he might govern with moderation. According to Delorme, some historians have interpreted this letter from the Pope as being indicative of <mask>'s conversion to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy. Regency
Upon Henry's death on 4 August 1060, Philip succeeded to the throne. Count Baldwin V of Flanders, the husband of Henry's sister Adela, was assigned to be Philip's guardian. <mask> may still have played an active role in government at that point; an act from 1060 shows her name following Philip's, and her name appears in four times as many charters as Baldwin's.She also hired Philip's tutor, who was known at court by a Greek title. Queen <mask>'s only existing signature dates from this period, inscribed on a document issued at Soissons for the abbot of , now held in the National Library of France. Under the symbol of the king, <mask> added a cross and eight letters in Cyrillic, probably meaning "Anna Reina". Evidence for <mask>'s role in government, however, disappears in 1061, around the time she remarried. Her second husband was Count Ralph IV of Valois. This marriage was controversial because of the couple's affinity, as Ralph was Henry's cousin, and bigamy, since Ralph was still technically married to his second wife, Haquenez. Ralph was excommunicated for these transgressions.King Philip's advisers may have encouraged him to turn away from his mother, perhaps mistrusting Ralph's influence. Ralph began referring to himself as the king's stepfather in the late 1060s. He died in 1074, leaving <mask> a widow once again. In 1062, <mask> gave a significant amount of money to restore a dilapidated chapel at Senlis, originally dedicated to St. Vincent of Saragossa, bequeathing lands and income to the new establishment so that the organization could sustain itself. She also wrote a letter explaining her reasons for dedicating the monastery. The letter betrays an adherence to Greek Orthodox theology. For instance, the term "Mary, mother of God" is used rather than the more common "Our Lady", perhaps referring to the Eastern concept of the Theotokos.Some scholars believe that <mask> did not write this letter herself. Death and aftermath

The exact date of <mask>'s death is unknown. Delorme believes that she died on 5 September—the day commemorated at Senlis—in 1075 (the year of her last signed document), while others have proposed 1080. A terminus ante quem is provided by a 1089 document of Philip I, which indicates that <mask> had died by then. In 1682, the Jesuit antiquary Claude-Francois Menestrier announced that he had discovered <mask>'s tomb at the Cistercian Abbey of Villiers. The discovery was subsequently disputed, as Villiers was not built until the thirteenth century, although it's possible <mask>'s remains had been moved there at some point following her death. Whatever monument may have been there was destroyed in the French Revolution.In the 18th and 19th centuries, increased diplomatic contact between France and Russia led to a revived antiquarian interest in <mask>, and a number of short biographies were published. In the 20th century, <mask> became a symbol of Ukrainian nationalism. On the other hand, a film was produced in the Soviet Union, "Yaroslavna, the Queen of France" (1978), which was not related with "Ukrainian nationalism" in any way. An opera called "Anna Yaroslavna", written by Antin Rudnytsky, was first performed at Carnegie Hall in 1969. In 1998, the Ukrainian government issued a postage stamp in her honor. In 2005, the Government of Ukraine sponsored the construction of a bronze statue of Queen <mask> at Senlis, which was unveiled by President Viktor Yushchenko on 22 June. Notes

References

Bibliography

 Bauthier, Robert-Henri.'<mask>moletz, Wladimir V. Anna of Kiev. An enigmatic Capetian Queen of the eleventh century. A reassessment of biographical sources. In: French History. Jg. 19, Nr.3, 2005,
 Bouyer, Christian: Dictionnaire des Reines de France. Perrin, Paris 1992, , S. 135–137. Dauxois, Jacqueline. <mask> <mask>. Reine de France. Paris: Presse de la Renaissance, 2003. .
 de Caix de Saint-Aymour, Amédée. <mask> Russie, reine de France et comtesse de Valois au XIe siècle.Paris: Honoré Champion, 1896. Hallu, Roger. <mask> <mask>, reine de France. Rome: Editiones Universitatis catholicae Ucrainorum, 1973. Lobanov-Rostovskii, Aleksandr Iakovlevich (1825). Recueil de Pièces Historiques sur la reine Anne ou Agnès, épouse de Henri Ier, Roi De France, et Fille de Iarosslaf Ier, Grand Duc de Russie. Paris: Typ.De Firmin Didot, 1825. Megan McLaughlin, Sex, Gender, and Episcopal Authority in an Age of Reform, 1000–1122. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Sokol, Edward D.: Anna of Rus, Queen of France. In The New Review. A Journal of East European History. Nr.13, 1973, S. 3–13. Treffer, Gerd: Die französischen Königinnen. Von Bertrada bis Marie Antoinette (8.–18. Jahrhundert). Pustet, Regensburg 1996, , S. 81–83. Ward, Emily Joan. "<mask> of Kiev (c.1024-c.1075) and a reassessment of maternal power in the minority kingship of Philip I of France," published on 8 March 2016, Institute of Historical Research, London University.Woll, Carsten. Die Königinnen des hochmittelalterlichen Frankreich 987-1237/38 (= Historische Forschungen. Band 24). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2002, , S. 109–116. External links

 Pope Nicholas II's 1059 letter to <mask>, translated at Epistolae
 Women's Biography: <mask> of Kiev

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1030 births
1075 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
House of Capet
French queens consort
11th-century women rulers
Regents of France
11th-century French people
11th-century French women
Kievan Rus' princesses
Remarried royal consorts
French people of Russian descent
French people of Ukrainian descent
People from Kyiv
Rurik dynasty
11th-century Rus' people
11th-century Rus' women
French people of Swedish descent

masks:
Anne
Anne
Anne
Ingegerd Olofsdo
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne
Annego
Anne de
Kiev
Anne de
Anne de
Kiev
Anne
Anne
Anne


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<mask> (November 14, 1919 – September 6, 1944) was a Japanese American soldier in the United States Army who posthumously received the United States military's highest decoration for bravery—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II. Biography
<mask><mask>" <mask> was born in Torrance, California, on November 14, 1919. The eldest of six children in a Japanese American family, he graduated from Torrance High School in 1938. At the time of the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, <mask>ye was working in the produce department of Ray's Friendly Market, a local Japanese American owned grocery store. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 authorizing the incarceration of Japanese Americans in designated internment camps. <mask>'s parents and siblings were interned in the Jerome War Relocation Center near Jerome, Arkansas. After the Jerome camp was closed on June 30, 1944, the <mask> family was transferred to the Rohwer War Relocation Center near Rohwer, Arkansas.<mask>, however, was never incarcerated; having enlisted in the U.S. Army on February 20, 1942. <mask> joined the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, a unit composed almost entirely of Japanese American soldiers, in 1943 and shipped out for Europe in 1944. The 442nd was sent to Western Italy to aid the Allies' advance up the Northern Italian coast. On July 7, 1944—only his third day on the front line—<mask> was serving as a Technical Sergeant in the 442nd's Company K. During a battle on that day, near Molino a Ventoabbto, Italy, he repeatedly advanced ahead of his unit to attack opposing German forces alone, despite intense return fire. Although severely wounded by a grenade blast, he continued to fight until his platoon had succeeded in taking their objective, the crest of "Hill 140". <mask>ye refused to be evacuated until he had organized a defensive position for his unit. After recovering from his wounds, <mask> returned to the front lines where, on September 1, 1944, he was wounded by an exploding land mine near San Mauro Cilento, Italy.He died five days later on September 6, 1944. <mask> was buried in Italy. In 1948 his body was exhumed and returned to Los Angeles. A funeral service was held at the Buddhist Temple in Little Tokyo and <mask> was interred in Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles, California. For his heroic actions on July 7, 1944, <mask><mask> was posthumously awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross. A 1996 review of service records for Asian Americans who received the Distinguished Service Cross during World War II led to <mask>'s award being upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his surviving family was presented with his Medal of Honor by President Bill Clinton.Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, all but seven of them posthumously. In addition to receiving the Medal of Honor, <mask> was also posthumously awarded the Bronze Star, Purple Heart with Oak Leaf Cluster, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, Combat Infantryman Badge, and World War II Victory Medal. Honors
Tech. Sgt. <mask><mask>" <mask> was honored in 2002 by the city of Torrance, California, with a permanent display in the Torrance Historical Society Museum. The Torrance, California, National Guard Armory was dedicated on May 19, 2002, in <mask>'s honor. On July 7, 2004, a stone and bronze memorial to <mask> was dedicated in Triangle Park, located across the street from Torrance High School, where <mask> had graduated in 1938, in Torrance, California.Medal of Honor citation

Technical Sergeant <mask><mask>'s official Medal of Honor citation reads:
Technical Sergeant <mask><mask> distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 7 July 1944, near Molino A Ventoabbto, Italy. Technical Sergeant <mask> led his platoon in an attack to capture the crest of a strategically important hill that afforded little cover. Observing an enemy machine gun crew placing its gun in position to his left front, Technical Sergeant <mask> crept forward a few yards and opened fire on the position, killing or wounding three and causing two others to disperse. Immediately, an enemy machine pistol opened fire on him. He returned the fire and killed or wounded three more enemy soldiers. While advancing forward, Technical Sergeant <mask> was subjected to grenade bursts, which severely wounded his left arm. Sighting an enemy-held trench, he raked the position with fire from his submachine gun and wounded several of the enemy.Running out of ammunition, he crawled 20 yards to obtain several clips from a comrade on his left flank. Next, sighting an enemy machine pistol that had pinned down his men, Technical Sergeant <mask> crawled forward a few yards and threw a hand grenade into the position, silencing the pistol. He then located another enemy machine gun firing down the slope of the hill, opened fire on it, and silenced that position. Drawing fire from a machine pistol nest located above him, he opened fire on it and wounded three of its occupants. Finally taking his objective, Technical Sergeant <mask> organized a defensive position on the reverse slope of the hill before accepting first aid treatment and evacuation. Technical Sergeant <mask>'s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army. See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients
List of Japanese Americans
List of Asian Americans

References

External links
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov
 "<mask>" - PBS documentary on <mask>ye

1919 births
1944 deaths
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Torrance, California
United States Army soldiers
American military personnel of Japanese descent
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Burials at Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles

masks:
Ted Takayuki Tanouye
Ted "
Tak
Tanouye
Tanou
Tanouye
Tanouye
Ted Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanou
Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Ted T
. Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Ted "
Tak
Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Ted T
. Tanouye
Ted T
. Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Tanouye
Citizen Tanouye
Ted Tanou