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<mask> (born 24 July 1977) is an English actor and presenter. <mask>'s breakthrough role was as Moff in Human Traffic, with other notable roles as Billy the Limpet in Mean Machine and as Tommy Johnson in The Football Factory. Following the success of The Football Factory, <mask> was often typecast in "hard-man" roles, although it was this image that allowed him to present The Real Football Factories, its spin-off, The Real Football Factories International and <mask>'s Deadliest Men. <mask> has also worked in theatre, having appeared in three plays written by Harold Pinter, with whom he had a close friendship. In 2013, he joined the cast of the BBC soap opera EastEnders, in the role of Mick Carter. He had previously turned down a role in 2009, and in his autobiography, Straight Up, said that he would not join the cast until he was "fat, bald and fifty". He won the Serial Drama Performance award at the National Television Awards in 2015, 2016, and 2019.In 2019, he began presenting the BBC game show The Wall. Early life
Danial <mask> was born in the Custom House area of London on 24 July 1977, the son of Christine (née Meakin) and <mask>. He has a younger brother, Tony (born 1979), and sister, Kayleigh (born 1986). His parents split up when he was nine and he was raised by his mother in Custom House. He began acting when he was a teen, and was bullied at school so badly by his peers that he lied about taking acting classes. In 2016, <mask>'s family history was the subject of a Series 13 episode of the BBC genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are?, where it was revealed that his family hails from the Poplar area of London. Census records showed many of them working in the manual occupations connected to the docks on the River Thames.Further research found that <mask> is a descendant of Thomas Cromwell and  of Elizabeth Seymour, the sister of Henry VIII's third wife Jane Seymour. Elizabeth married Cromwell's son Gregory Cromwell and, with the Seymour family's assertion to be descended from Edward III (<mask>'s 25th generation ancestor,) the line can be traced back to William the Conqueror and Charlemagne. In response, geneticist Adam Rutherford argued that an English person being descended from a Plantagenet king was "not remarkable," stating that "almost every Briton" can claim such descent. Career

Television
<mask> was discovered at a local school by an agent who auditioned him for the part of Martin Fletcher in the Granada Television series Prime Suspect 3 (1993), beginning his acting career at 16. He also appeared on television in episodes of Cadfael (1994), A Touch of Frost (1995), Loved Up (1995), Thief Takers (1996), Highlander and Soldier Soldier (both 1997). His many other television roles include appearances in the 2003 Channel 4 drama Second Generation, directed by John Sen; as Malcolm, main character Michelle's stepfather, in Skins; as a football player in the second series of Hotel Babylon; and as Matt Costello in what was supposed to be the pilot episode for Breathless, a BBC two-part television series in development from BBC Northern Ireland, renamed first "Blood Rush" and then Kiss of Death, when it premiered on BBC One as a one-part drama on 26 May 2008. Beginning in 2007, <mask> became the presenter of The Real Football Factories and The Real Football Factories International, a TV documentary series on Bravo, for which he travels, in the former throughout the United Kingdom and in the latter throughout the world, to meet and interview football club fans and hooligans.In <mask>'s Deadliest Men, "a gritty and hard-hitting documentary series that sees him venturing into the dark depths of the British underworld and hunting down some of the most notorious and feared men in Britain today", began airing on Bravo in the United Kingdom on 20 October 2008. In April 2009, he turned down a role in EastEnders, claiming that although he thought the role sounded good, he did not think he could cope with the pressure. In February 2012, <mask> appeared as a paramedic in an episode of Casualty. In March 2013, <mask> appeared as a guest on Celebrity Juice. <mask> appeared in the sixth series of Hollyoaks Later in October 2013, as The White Man. On 1 October 2013, the BBC announced that <mask> had been cast in EastEnders from Christmas 2013, as Mick Carter, the new landlord of The Queen Victoria pub. In February 2017, it was announced that <mask> would be taking a "short break" from EastEnders.In June 2018, <mask> appeared as a guest panelist on Good Evening Britain, a one-off spin-off show of Good Morning Britain, to discuss Britain's exit from the European Union. <mask> described it as a "mad riddle that no one knows what it is" and called the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron, a "twat". In August 2018, <mask> began narrating MTV reality series, True Love or True Lies. In 2019, <mask> appeared in a history documentary, titled <mask>'s Right Royal Family. The two-part series premiered on BBC One on 23 January 2019. Also that year, <mask> co-presented True Love or True Lies on MTV alongside daughter Dani, as well as beginning his presenting role on The Wall on BBC One. Film
<mask> is known for his "bad boy" or "hard man" roles in film.<mask>'s first film role was in Human Traffic (1999). His subsequent movie work includes Mel Smith's High Heels and Low Lifes (2001) and starring roles in Borstal Boy (2000), Mean Machine (2002) and in four films by the British film director Nick Love: Goodbye Charlie Bright (2001); The Football Factory (2004); The Business (2005); and Outlaw (2007). Among other film roles, he also appeared as the character Steve in Christopher Smith's Severance (2006); as Hayden in Adulthood (2008); and as himself in the feature documentary Tattoos: A Scarred History. In 2008, he finished filming his roles as Pete and Tom in City Rats and 7 Lives, respectively. April 2009 saw the straight to DVD release of City Rats. Later that year, <mask> completed filming on Jack Said, a Brit noir thriller in which he played Nathan alongside Ashlie Walker, Terry Stone, David O'Hara and Simon Phillips, which was released in November 2009. This film is the prequel to Jack Says, which was released in 2008, and starred Mike Reid.In 2009, he shot several horror films including Doghouse under the direction of Jake West, and Basement under the direction of Asham Kamboj. He played one of the lead roles in the British vampire film Dead Cert. In June 2010, he was cast for the lead role in the remake of the British horror film The Asphyx, but it failed to secure production finance and was indefinitely shelved. <mask> co-starred with Anna Walton in Deviation, a British dark thriller written and directed by J. K. Amalou. In 2012, <mask> played the lead role in Ray Cooney's Run For Your Wife. Upon release in 2013, it was savaged by critics, who described it as one of the worst British films of all time. The film took in a mere £747 during its opening weekend.Theatre
<mask> has performed on stage, most notably in two plays written and directed by 2005 Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter: as the Waiter in the London première of Celebration (2000), at the Almeida Theatre, which transferred to Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, in New York, as part of the Harold Pinter Festival held there in July and August 2001; and as Foster in the revival of No Man's Land (1975), at the Royal National Theatre, in London, during 2001 and 2002. In March 2008, he played Joey in a revival of Pinter's The Homecoming (1964), directed by Michael Attenborough, at the Almeida Theatre, in London. He also performed in Peter Gill's play Certain Young Men (1999) in London. From 9 September 2009 to 3 October 2009, <mask> appeared as Sid Vicious in a new play called Kurt and Sid in London's West End at the Trafalgar Studios. Selected other work
<mask> is the voice of Kent Paul in the video games Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002) and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004). He also appears in The Twang's 2007 video for "Two Lovers". I Believe in UFOs: <mask>, a documentary that sees <mask> journey to various "UFO hotspots" in the UK and the US in hope of experiencing a UFO sighting, was broadcast on BBC Three on 26 January 2010.In 2016, he appeared in drag in the Lucy Rose music video for "Nebraska". In 2020, he began co-hosting Sorted with the Dyers, a podcast alongside daughter Dani. In 2021, along with Will Mellor, <mask> recorded a new version of Vindaloo for NHS Charities. In January 2022, <mask> quit EastEnders so that he could accept an offer to appear on a Sky series. Controversies
In 2010, in his capacity as a celebrity agony uncle, <mask> wrote in Zoo that a young male reader could get over his recent break-up with a woman by "going on a rampage with the boys" or to "cut your ex's face, and then no one will want her". The comment was widely criticised by the media and the public, including the chief executive of the Fawcett Society, Ceri Goddard. <mask> later claimed that he was misquoted.<mask> was quoted in a May 2011 article in NME as wanting to headbutt film critic Mark Kermode. Kermode had mocked and impersonated <mask> on a recent edition of his BBC Radio 5 Live show with Simon Mayo. <mask> has been an outspoken critic of former Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron. In 2018, he referred to Cameron as a "twat" on live television, while also expressing contempt for Nigel Farage and Brexit. He voted for Brexit, but later changed his mind and considered himself to be a "poster boy" for the campaign to stop it. Personal life
<mask> resides in Debden, Essex. He began dating Joanne Mas in 1992 but they separated after the birth of their first daughter, future television personality <mask>, in 1996; they began dating other people, but soon started an affair with each other and decided to reconcile.They eventually married on 3 September 2016, after she proposed to him in March 2015. They also have a daughter named Sunnie and a son named Artie. <mask> has been open about his drug use. In his autobiography, he stated, "I've always taken drugs and I probably always will, but there's a difference between having the odd crafty bump up the snout as a reward for a job well done and letting it rule your life." He has argued for cocaine to be legalised because he argues that banning it has not worked. A lifelong football player and follower, <mask> supports West Ham United FC. In December 2007, he became the chairman of Kent League's Greenwich Borough FC, appointed by fellow actor Tamer Hassan, president of the football club.He said, "I just love football and the chance of being involved with a club is like a dream come true." The appointment was actually a publicity stunt to raise the profile of the club. In 2016, <mask> travelled to Sierra Leone to take part in Sport Relief. He said, "I don't know what to expect when I go over there, but I'm hoping that it will make some kind of difference. It's an honour to be asked." In 2011, <mask> released an autobiography titled Straight Up. In 2016, he released another autobiography titled The World According to <mask>: Life Lessons from the East End.Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Stage
 Certain Young Men (1999), by Peter Gill
 Celebration (2000), by Harold Pinter
 No Man's Land (2001–2002 revival), by Harold Pinter
 The Homecoming (2008 revival), by Harold Pinter
 Kurt and Sid (2009), by Roy Smiles

Notes

References

External links

1977 births
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
English autobiographers
English football chairmen and investors
English game show hosts
English male film actors
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
English male video game actors
English male voice actors
English sports journalists
Living people
Male actors from London
People from Canning Town
Television personalities from London

masks:
Danial John Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer
Dyer
John Dyer
Antony Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dani Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
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Danny Dyer


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<mask> (; born c.1945) is an Irish actress of television, cinema, and stage from Belfast, Northern Ireland who also served as an intelligence officer for the Provisional IRA. Dubbed the "IRA Mata Hari", she was named in the murder trial of prison officer John Hanna, who was charged and convicted of helping the IRA kill colleague Brian Armour. She allegedly persuaded Hanna into providing information on Armour which she then passed on to the IRA; however, she was not charged with complicity in Armour's murder. In 1992, she and two men were arrested when a booby-trap bomb was found in their car. In 1993, she was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment, but was released in December 1998 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. A grandmother of nine, <mask> continued to work in local community theatre following her release. She was portrayed by actress Rose McGowan in the 2008 crime thriller film Fifty Dead Men Walking.Early life and career

<mask> was born in about 1945 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. She was brought up in the Irish nationalist Ardoyne area and raised in the Catholic religion. She later moved to west Belfast. When her marriage broke up, her husband left her with seven children to raise on her own. At one time she worked in a shirt factory alongside Protestants, which was relatively unusual in Belfast where Catholics and Protestants were typically segregated in the workplace as well as living in their own neighbourhoods and attending separate schools. Described as slim, blonde, immaculately groomed and petite, <mask> landed a small part in the 1983 film Acceptable Levels, which was shot on location in Belfast. It has a Troubles-related theme.She then joined the Charabanc Theatre Company which toured Britain, Europe, the US, and Canada. She had minor roles in Ken Loach's Hidden Agenda and Richard Attenborough's Closing the Ring, and she played alongside Sinéad O'Connor in Hush-a-Bye-Baby. She also had a role in the 2004 Irish comedy Man About Dog in which she played the mother of one of the film's main characters, Mo Chara. Prior to her imprisonment, she starred in the Northern Ireland Office Crack Crime campaign. She has done much work in local community theatre since her release from prison. IRA Intelligence Officer

She joined the Irish republican movement in 1970 as a worker for Sinn Féin, the political wing of the IRA. It is not known exactly when she joined the Provisional IRA, but in 1971 she was forced to go on the run and spent six years hiding in Dublin.After returning to Northern Ireland, she was arrested in 1978 for IRA activity and sent to Armagh Women's Prison for a brief period. Sometime after her release from Armagh she became an IRA Intelligence Officer, and later received the nickname of the "IRA Mata Hari" by the media. She was described by journalist Mark Devenport as having been especially suited for intelligence work; in particular she was highly skilled at losing herself when members of the security forces were tailing her. She often used the Irish version of her name, Róisín De Brún. According to journalist Liam Clarke, <mask> used a mixture of "blackmail, political argument and seduction" to inveigle John Hanna, a senior officer at the Maze Prison, into providing her with information on top loyalists and prison officer colleagues, which she then passed on to the IRA. This form of espionage is known as a "honey trap". The Belfast Telegraph newspaper described <mask> as "one of the most famous 'honeys'".When she was with Hanna she used the name "<mask>". Ulster Defence Association (UDA) leader Andy Tyrie suggested that Hanna gave <mask> information regarding the movements of UDA South Belfast brigadier John McMichael which she then passed on to the IRA who subsequently assassinated him. Hanna, who was completely infatuated with <mask> and later admitted that he was dominated by "a Provie woman", obtained the information regarding McMichael during the latter's visits to loyalist inmates inside the Maze. <mask> was personally introduced to McMichael at his pub the "Admiral Benbow" which he owned in his native Lisburn. She warned him that he was "being watched". John McMichael was killed on 22 December 1987 when a booby-trap bomb exploded underneath his car in his driveway. The IRA unit which planted the bomb was led by Seán Savage, who would later be gunned down by the SAS in Gibraltar in what became known as Operation Flavius.Neither Hanna nor <mask> were ever charged with involvement in McMichael's murder. It is widely believed that he was set up by his UDA associates. Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Chief Constable Sir John Hermon also suggested that this was the case. Racketeer and UDA "fundraiser" James Craig was shot dead inside an east Belfast pub by the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) for allegedly setting up McMichael's assassination by the IRA. <mask>'s importance to the IRA as an Intelligence Officer is revealed by Martin McGartland in his memoirs. McGartland, an RUC Special Branch agent who infiltrated the IRA, alleged that he was ordered by both his IRA commander and his handlers to work with <mask>. He characterised her as having been "very well-spoken and pleasant to deal with", but firmly denied that they had had a love affair.He stated that in early 1990, she took a package wrapped in clingfilm out of her mouth and told him to deliver it to another IRA Intelligence Officer, Davy Adams (nephew of Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams). Inside the package was a list containing the names, addresses, postcodes, and car registration numbers of RUC officers, which had been copied from a police database. McCartland's handlers suggested that the highly detailed information had come from an RUC officer with whom <mask> had formed a liaison. In that same year, 1990, Hanna was sentenced to life imprisonment for aiding and abetting the IRA in the murder of his colleague, Brian Samuel Armour, vice-chairman of the Prison Officers' Association. Armour was killed by a booby-trap bomb on 4 October 1988 as he drove through Bloomfield in Belfast. Hanna allegedly provided <mask> with Armour's address which enabled the IRA to plant the bomb underneath his car. <mask> was named at Hanna's trial as the conduit through which the information on Armour was passed by Hanna to the IRA.She was taken in by the RUC for interrogation regarding the Armour killing whilst she was shooting Hush-a-Bye-Baby, a feature film for Channel Four. Rod Stoneman, Commissioning Editor at Channel Four, phoned the RUC protesting that her arrest was holding up production. A RUC Special Branch policeman reportedly replied, "Well, it may not have occurred to you, but we are fighting a war here". She wasn't charged in connection with Armour's killing and subsequently released from police custody. Although it was believed by the RUC and media that <mask> had sex with Hanna in order to obtain the information she needed, both she and Hanna adamantly maintained that during their encounters they never had a "full sexual relationship". According to McGartland, she and Hanna often met in lay-bys or the cemetery where his parents were buried. After the details of her involvement with Hanna became known to the public, <mask> ensconced herself in staunch republican areas of north and west Belfast.According to Devenport, she became romantically involved with IRA associate Davy Adams during this period. Arrest and imprisonment

In early 1992, <mask> was arrested in the seaport of Larne along with IRA volunteers Paul McCullough and Steven Canning, when a booby-trap bomb was discovered in the glove box of their car. She had been driving the car towards the town when RUC officers stopped the vehicle, ordered her to pull over and all three occupants out onto a verge. As she took off her woollen cap, the ginger wig she had been wearing as a disguise slipped off, therefore revealing her identity. The RUC then found the bomb inside the car. On 10 September 1993, she was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment at Mourne House, the women's unit of HM Maghaberry for illegal possession of explosives and conspiracy to murder members of the security forces. The arrest of <mask> led to some recriminations within loyalist circles.The April 1992 edition of UDA official journal New Ulster Defender not only highlighted the case of <mask> but also claimed that her activity was standard practice within republicanism, claiming:

It would appear she is one of a number of very evil women who play an integral part in the republican war machine. And recent information would suggest that these evil persons are frequenting drinking establishments in loyalist towns and along the Golden Mile in Belfast, to try and tempt off-duty Security Force members and loyalist paramilitaries back to their lair to receive a coup de grace. So loyalists beware when you are drinking in town or you could end up on your backs for all the wrong reasons. Whilst in prison, she studied music, art and law. She completed two years of an Art degree from Open University. She was released in mid-December 1998 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. Later years

Soon after her release from Maghaberry, she performed in the west Belfast theatrical production of the play, A Mother's Heart with other former IRA women prisoners.It is a monologue about four mothers who have each lost children. In a February 1999 interview with the Sinn Féin's official newspaper, An Phoblacht she offered the following comments regarding the play,

It [the play] also brings real humanity to the grief of loss; they are not just names on the news, where you read about deaths but then get distracted, this play really hits home. She has since continued to work with the west Belfast theatre group. She has retained some links to republicanism and was shown in attendance at a Bobby Sands memorial event in 2009 as well as performing at Sinn Féin celebration for International Women's Day in 2010. She has also worked for Coiste na nIarchimi, an organisation for former republican prisoners in which they are employed as tour guides around the Falls Road and other republican areas. Through her seven children, <mask> has nine grandchildren. <mask> was portrayed by actress Rose McGowan in the 2008 crime thriller film Fifty Dead Men Walking which is based on IRA infiltrator Martin McGartland.According to author Ian S. Wood, <mask> refuses to talk about her past as an IRA member. During an interview, she promised journalist Mark Devenport that he would be able to tell her life story, "but that won't be until the war's over". Filmography
 Acceptable Levels (film, 1983)
 Reefer and the Model (film, 1989) – "The Blonde"
 Hidden Agenda (film, 1990)
 Hush-a-Bye Baby  (film, 1990) – "Mrs. Friel"
 Man About Dog (film, 2004) – "Mo Chara's Ma"
 Pulling Moves: Catch the Pidgeon (TV series, 2004) – "Mrs. Reilly"
 Closing the Ring (film, 2007) – "Shelterer From the Air Raid"
 Marù: Daphne Taylor (TV series, 2007) – "Attack Victim"

Theatre
 Now You're Talkin (1985) – "Madeleine"
 Gold in the Streets (1986) – various characters
 The Girls in the Big Picture (1986) – "Esther Moore" and "Patsy Flood"
 A Mother's Heart (1999) – "Marjorie"

External links

References

1940s births
Actresses from Belfast
Film actresses from Northern Ireland
Irish republicans
Irish republicans imprisoned on charges of terrorism
Irish spies during The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
Living people
Provisional Irish Republican Army members
Stage actresses from Northern Ireland
Television actresses from Northern Ireland

masks:
Rosena Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Ann Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
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<mask> "Davey" <mask> (born 31 January 1981) is an Australian musician. He is a solo artist and lead guitarist of You Am I (since 1999). He was also lead singer-guitarist of The Pictures (from 2000) and member of Australian supergroup, The Wrights. Biography
As a teenager <mask> transcribed the guitar parts for Australian alternative rock group, You Am I's, website. He provided lead guitar as a session musician for the group's founding mainstay Tim Rogers on his debut solo album, What Rhymes with Cars and Girls, which was released in March 1999. To promote the album, Rogers formed The Twin Set as his backing band, with <mask>: were Jen Anderson on violin; Ian Kitney on drums; and Stuart Speed on upright bass. When You Am I reconvened in July that year, <mask> joined as a second guitarist for the band.<mask>'s first recorded work with You Am I is their live album, ...Saturday Night, 'Round Ten, which was issued in September 1999. It had been recorded at the Casa del Resaca Warehouse in Richmond, in July. His first studio album with the group, Dress Me Slowly, appeared in April 2001. Australian music journalist, Ed Nimmervoll, felt that <mask>'s addition was "an important change" as it gave the group "extra guitar bite both on stage and in the studio". Also in 2001 <mask> formed a side-project, the alternative rock group, The Pictures, with Leigh White on bass guitar and Brett Wolfenden on drums. Their debut single, "You'll See", appeared on the Illustrious Artists label that same year. They followed with a four-track debut extended play, I Dealt a Rollercoaster, in 2002.Fist2Face's reviewer describes their work as the "sound of the modern world colliding with blood, sweat and wood to create timeless, melodic rock music. High on total energy yet grounded by killer hooks and playing". Craig Mathieson of The Sydney Morning Herald noted their style "alternated between impassioned Neil Young workouts and Who-like eruptions". In January 2004 <mask> was nominated as Best Lead Guitarist at the inaugural Jack Awards. In October that year Nic Cester of Jet organised a charity project, The Wrights, to raise money for Australian musician, Stevie Wright. The supergroup recorded a cover version of Wright's signature song, "Evie", which was an 11-minute hit single from 1974. <mask> provided rhythm guitar for Part 1 of "Evie", titled "Let Your Hair Hang Down" and lead guitar for Part 3, "I'm Losing You".On 29 January 2005 <mask> performed "Evie" with The Wrights at Waveaid in relief of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, presented at the Sydney Cricket Ground. "Evie" by The Wrights was issued in February 2005, which peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Singles Chart. Since 2005 <mask> has periodically played in Jimmy Barnes' backing band for touring and live recording. In June 2005 The Pictures' debut album, Pieces of Eight, appeared. Mathieson felt that its "best moments, such as the melancholic 'All My Ties' and opener 'Stupid Me', forsake the usual bravado of first albums for a more reflective tone". In 2007 he joined Crowded House for their tour in Europe and Australia, temporarily replacing Liam Finn on miscellaneous guitar, keyboard and backup vocal duties.Late in 2008 <mask>'s groups each released an album: both You Am I's Dilettantes (September) and The Pictures' Kicking Indifference (November). On 6 September 2013, <mask> issued his debut solo extended play, The Good Borne of Bad Tymes, which was supported by a national tour in September and October. The Heralds Jade Lazarevic described its "five tracks are a departure from <mask>’s retro rock roots, with synths influenced by '70s groups such as the Gary Numan-fronted Tubeway Army and German electronic pioneers Kraftwerk working their way into the sound and even a 'space rock jam' track". Joined The Stems in November 2017 and toured Europe April/May 2018 for the 30th anniversary of The Stems debt album "At First Sight Violets Are Blue". In 2018 he formed a group to back the legendary Todd Rundgren for an Australian tour. According to <mask>, they have also collaborated in the studio on upcoming releases. Since 2016 he has also performed periodically as touring guitarist for Robyn Hitchcock.Movies, television and media
 Contributed to the Dirty Deeds soundtrack. <mask> has made multiple appearances on talk shows and musical presentation programs such as Rove Live, RocKwiz, JTV (now known as Triple J TV), The Carnival with Roy and HG, The Fat, Studio 22, The Gig, 10:30 Slot, as well as getting the honorable privilege of programming the music video program Rage (ABC) with You Am I in 2006. He is also webmaster and an occasional presenter on Melbourne Community Radio station Stereo 974's Let It Be Beatles program. They commenced in 2005.

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| 2021
| <mask>
| Best Musician
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References

General
  Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality. Specific

External links
 <mask> on Myspace

Australian rock guitarists
1981 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
You Am I members
The Wrights (Australian band) members
21st-century guitarists

masks:
David Daniel
Lane
Davey Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
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David Lane
Davey Lane


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<mask> (born 17 September 1988) is an international youth, and human rights activist. He is a public speaker and a former fellow of the faculty of Law, University of York, England. <mask> is currently a Division Coordinator at the International Monetary Fund in Washington D.C. He is from Ebenebe in Awka North LGA, Anambra state, Nigeria. Education
<mask> has a masters degree in Global Policy from Johns Hopkins University in the United States. He started his primary education at Duro-Oyedoyin primary school surulere Lagos and finished as one of the best pupil, he attended Iponri Estate High School in surulere Lagos for his secondary education. During his time in high school, <mask> and a select few were chosen by their teachers to represent their school at the National Youth AIDS program for peer-educators organised by the Lagos state government and National Union of Teachers Lagos state chapter.<mask> was offered admission to read mass-communication at Nnamdi Azikiwe University in Awka Anambra state but he proceeded to the prestigious Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo state, to read English and Literary studies. During his first year at the university, he was voted his class representative after a keenly contested election and he occupied the position till graduation due to his impeccable leadership skills and for constantly advocating for the rights of students in the university. After his undergraduate degree, <mask> proceeded to the University of York in England as visiting fellow in the faculty of law. Career
<mask> worked as a peer-educator in his early days in high school and was trained by the Lagos State Government through the National Youth AIDS program and also through the National Union of Teachers' HIV/AIDS program Lagos chapter. He started at a very young age, his advocacy and voluntary work with NGO's in Nigeria, working with Most at Risk Populations(MARPS), serving as a youth board member for one of Nigeria's NGO working on sexual health. <mask> started his international work with the Youth Coalition on sexual and reproductive rights in Canada, he served as an International Youth Advisor to the United Nations Fund Population Agency and as an International Advisor to Rutgers Nisso Group through their Youth Incentives program in the Netherlands. He worked as a steering committee member for the HIV Young Leaders Fund, served as a youth activist for Advocates for Youth in Washington DC USA.He is the founder and Executive Director of Improved Youth Health Initiative, working on sexual health and rights for and with young people in Eastern Nigeria. He has a diploma from the RFSU International Training program on Sexual Health and Human Rights in Stockholm Sweden and Cape Town South Africa sponsored by the Swedish government. In May 2013, <mask> with three other representatives from civil society organisations met with the Swedish minister for International Development Cooperation Ms. Gunilla Carlsson to discuss development issues affecting young people in Nigeria and suggest possible ways of co-operation between Sweden and Nigeria. In December of the same year, <mask> wrote an open letter to the Senate President of Nigeria, condemning the governments move to criminalise sexual minorities. In his open letter, he highlighted the ugly impact their actions would have on Nigeria's effort to curb HIV/AIDS. The widely read letter was published on different media platforms with excerpts from the letter appearing in an article in the renowned UK magazine The Economist. In 2013, <mask> became the youngest at the time to be awarded a scholarship to do a fellowship at the Faculty of Law University of York in England.During his time in England, he was invited to a breakfast with the Mayor of York to discuss his work and general human rights issues in Nigeria and the African region. <mask> is also regarded as a refreshing public speaker and has spoken to young girls at the Mount school in York United Kingdom. He was one of the speakers at the Langwith College International Action Week and gave a very well received public talk on sexual rights to professors and students of the faculty of law University of York England. <mask> speaks at international conferences, workshops, trainings and has spoken at the highly acclaimed University of Maryland, USA. He facilitates sessions and workshops at international and local trainings including a session at the 2012 International AIDS conference youth pre-conference. <mask> travels the world working on human rights and sexual health issues and he writes on topics that he is passionate about. He writes about social issues in Nigeria through articles on Jungle Justice, Gender Equality.and an Open Letter to Governor Abiola Ajimobi of Oyo state in south-westerm Nigeria. In November 2016, <mask> was selected as DyNAMC Magazine's Leader for a Changing World and was featured on the front page of their November issue. Acting and dancing
<mask> started acting as a hobby at a young age at home and in church and would then proceed to becoming very popular in secondary school for participating in drama presentations. As a teenager, he started dancing professionally with a dance group in Lagos and they performed at different events and cities in Nigeria. <mask> through his work with Youth Abalaze in Nigeria was featured in a campus soap-opera "Evanessence" but has since been unreleased. Human rights activism
<mask> is an internationally recognised human rights activist. His involvement with human rights work started in school with advocating for the rights of students which led him into hiding in a remote village in Edo state Nigeria for two weeks after participating in a student protest and challenging the state government on television for increasing school fees.In 2007 he started a youth organisation that provides sexual health and human rights information and services to young sexual minorities. <mask> through his organisation Improved Youth Health Initiative, continues to provide human rights and HIV/AIDS information and services to young minorities with funding and technical support from MTV Staying Alive Foundation and Advocates for Youth. References

External links
http://zimuzo.com/2013/01/11/stephen-chukwumah/
http://youthcoalition.org/html/alumni.php?alumni=1
http://www.hivyoungleadersfund.org/about-us/team/
https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jlasc/articles/volume15/issue2/Kossen15U.Pa.J.L.&Soc.Change(2012)143.pdf
http://www.bayelsabookfair.com/stephen-chukwumah/
http://www.conversationsforabetterworld.com/2011/06/get-involved
 http://www.iyhinitiative.org/
http://telegraphng.com/2013/10/campaign-sexual-health-rights-issues-2/

Nigerian activists
Living people
1988 births

masks:
Stephen Chibuikem Chukwumah
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen


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<mask>  (born 30 June 1944) is an English-born Australian singer-songwriter. He was a founding member of rock bands the Twilights, Axiom, Little River Band and post LRB spin-off trio Birtles Shorrock Goble, as well as being a solo performer. The Twilights had eight consecutive national hit singles including "Needle in a Haystack" and "What's Wrong with the Way I Live". Axiom's top 10 hits were "Arkansas Grass", "Little Ray of Sunshine" and "My Baby's Gone". Little River Band had national and international chart success, including the Shorrock-penned "Emma", "Help Is on Its Way" and "Cool Change". <mask> was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame as a solo artist in 1991 and as a member of Little River Band in 2004. In May 2001, the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), as part of its 75th-anniversary celebrations, named "Cool Change" as one of the APRA Top 30 Australian songs of all time.Early years
<mask> <mask> was born on 30 June 1944 in Chatham, Kent, England. His family migrated to Adelaide, South Australia, on the Orcades in August 1954 when he was 10. His father, <mask>, was a Yorkshire-born fitter and turner at the Weapons Research Establishment in Salisbury, South Australia. The 1954–55 summer had days of  and Black Sunday bushfires ravaged the Adelaide Hills in January 1955. His London-born mother, <mask>, was not impressed with Australia and she took <mask> and his younger sister back to UK on the Strathmore, only to return to Australia on the Fairsea for a second attempt in 1956. The family settled in Elizabeth,  north of Adelaide. <mask>'s first public performance took place in 1958 at St Peter's Lutheran church hall in Elizabeth when he mimed to Elvis Presley's recording of "All Shook Up" on a gramophone and strumming on a cardboard guitar.When the record player stopped he was forced to continue singing by himself and realised he had a good voice. In 1962, <mask> formed his first band, the Checkmates, with Clem McCartney, Mike Sykes and Billy Volraat. They were a doo wop harmony group covering the Platters and the Crew Cuts material. Sometimes teaming up with instrumental groups the Vector Men or the Hurricanes, the Checkmates performed in Adelaide cafes and folk clubs. As a result of the Beatles' popularity, members of the Checkmates and the Hurricanes merged to form the Twilights in 1964. The Twilights

In 1964 <mask>, with McCartney as co-lead vocalist, formed the Twilights by merging with the Hurricanes' Frank Barnard on drums, Peter Brideoake on guitar, Terry Britten on guitar and John Bywaters on bass guitar. Their debut single, "I'll Be Where You Are", co-written by <mask> and Britten, was released in June 1965.The band had eight consecutive hit singles, including covers of the Velvelettes' "Needle in a Haystack" and the Hollies' "What's Wrong with the Way I Live" (recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London). With two lead singers, two guitarists and five vocalists, the Twilights performed note-perfect covers of pop-rock songs and were famed for their live prowess. They relocated to Melbourne late in 1965 and were popular with teenage audiences and respected by fellow musicians. In July 1966, they won Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds with the prize including a trip to London. In 1967, shortly after returning from London, the group regularly performed the entire Sgt Pepper's album live in sequence, weeks before it was released in Australia. The Twilights disbanded in January 1969 and <mask> became band manager for Brisbane pop group the Avengers. Axiom

In May 1969 in Melbourne, <mask> formed an early Australian "supergroup", Axiom, with Brian Cadd on keyboards and vocals, Don Mudie on lead guitar (both ex-the Groop), Doug Lavery (The Valentines) on drums and Chris Stockley (Cam-Pact) on guitar.They recorded two highly acclaimed albums, Fool's Gold and If Only ...; and had three top 10 singles, "Arkansas Grass", "Little Ray of Sunshine" and "My Baby's Gone" on the Go-Set national charts. Axiom travelled to UK but disbanded there in March 1971. <mask> remained in the UK to pursue his solo career; he signed with MAM Records and released the self-penned "Let's Get the Band Together" single in October 1971. This was followed by a cover of "Rock'n'Roll Lullaby" (written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil) in March 1972. As Andre L'Escargot and His Society Syncopaters, he released "Purple Umbrella" with his backing band being Quartet members Britten, Kevin Peek, Trevor Spencer and Alan Tarney. He joined the multinational progressive rock band Esperanto, which released their debut album, Esperanto Rock Orchestra, in 1973 with the Shorrock-written track "Statue of Liberty". He left Esperanto before their third album was released in 1974 and performed backing vocals for Cliff Richard.Little River Band

Mississippi was an Australian rock band which was working in the UK with Beeb Birtles on vocals and guitar, Graham Goble (later Graeham Goble) on guitar and vocals and Derek Pellicci on drums. They contacted <mask> (former bass guitarist for the Masters Apprentices) to become their manager. Birtles, previously in Adelaide band Zoot, called <mask> to take part in the line up. <mask> returned to Australia in October 1974 and joined Mississippi in January 1975 in Melbourne. They were soon renamed as Little River Band with the original line up of Birtles, Goble, Pellicci, <mask> and lead guitarist Ric Formosa and bassist Roger McLachlan. The group went on to become one of the most successful bands ever to come out of Australia and the first to achieve major commercial success in the United States. For Little River Band, <mask> wrote the hits "Emma", "Help Is on Its Way" (Australian No.1) and "Cool Change". While still a member of Little River Band, <mask> released a solo single, a cover of Bobby Darin's 1959 hit "Dream Lover" in April 1979 on EMI, which peaked at No. 8 on the Kent Music Report singles chart. In February 1982, <mask> left Little River Band and was replaced by John Farnham who was managed by Wheatley. <mask> returned to Little River Band in 1988 but, despite several quality albums, they did not regain the earlier stellar recognition. He left again in 1991 leaving the naming rights with guitarist Stephen Housden. In May 2001 the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), as part of its 75th-anniversary celebrations, named "Cool Change" as one of the Top 30 Australian songs of all time.Later solo career
In 1982, <mask> released the solo album Villain of the Peace and a single, "Rock and Roll Soldier", on Capitol Records recorded in Los Angeles with John Boylan (Charlie Daniels, Little River Band) producing. "Rock and Roll Soldier" reached the Australian top 40 in November but he did not achieve the international success attained with Little River Band. Late in 1982 he toured Australia and then teamed with Renée Geyer to release a duet, "Goin' Back", on Mushroom Records in February 1983. One of his backing singers was Wendy Matthews who had been a session singer in Los Angeles. "We're Coming to Get You", which peaked at No. 6 in October, was recorded with folk group, the Bushwackers. It was the theme for the film We're Coming to Get You.He released "Don't Girls Get Lonely?" in November. In 1984, he recorded "Restless" for the documentary World Safari II: The Final Adventure. In 1985, <mask> released The First Twenty Years, which was a double-LP album compilation of his career work with tracks by the Twilights, Axiom and Little River Band as well as solo work. He was compere of Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) TV music series Rock Arena in 1986 and as a breakfast announcer for radio station Magic 11 in Sydney. His solo single, "American Flyers", appeared in July. He performed on the tour of the stage show One for the Money in 1986–87.He appeared in other stage shows including his own showcase productions Go Cat Go (1990–91) and Two Up (1996). On 25 March 1991, <mask> was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame, alongside contemporary rocker Billy Thorpe, bass-baritone Peter Dawson and jazz musician Don Burrows. In 1993, he re-joined with Axiom bandmate Brian Cadd to record Blazing Salads and three singles for Blue Martin Records as well as a subsequent two-year tour. On tour <mask> played his hit songs, along with those of Axiom accompanied by Cadd and a backing band of Rex Goh on guitar (ex-Air Supply), Kirk Lorange on guitar (Richard Clapton Band) and Mark Kennedy on drums (Spectrum, Ayers Rock, Marcia Hines Band). Long Way to the Top was a 2001 ABC TV six-part documentary on the history of Australian rock and roll from 1956 to the modern era. <mask> provided some interviews, "In Awe of The Beatles", "Being Pop Stars" and "Coming from the UK", about his early years with the Twilights. A Long Way to the Top Tour followed in August–September 2002 with <mask> appearing with the Twilights in the first set performing "What's Wrong with the Way I Live?"and "Needle in a Haystack"; he returned in the second set with Axiom to perform "Arkansas Grass" and "Little Ray of Sunshine". In 2002, <mask> reunited with other Little River Band founders Beeb Birtles and Graeham Goble to form Birtles Shorrock Goble. On 17 October 2004, the 1970s members of Little River Band: Birtles, David Briggs, Goble, George McArdle, Derek Pellicci and <mask>, were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. The later members, including fellow Australian John Farnham and US-based musicians, were not included in this induction. Due to a 2002 legal ruling on their right to use the band's name, they performed "Help Is on the Way" as the "classic lineup" of Little River Band. Birtles <mask> Goble recorded a successful DVD and CD, Full Circle (2005), and toured until 2007. In August–September, the trio played a medley of Little River Band hits at the Countdown Spectacular two concert series.In 2005, <mask> also undertook his career-spanning "The Reminiscing Tour – <mask> & Friends" with invited guest singers including Doug Parkinson and Wendy Matthews. In May–June 2006, he partnered actress Judy Nunn on the first season of a reality TV singing competition, It Takes Two. They were voted off after week three. His first solo CD for seven years, Meanwhile, which contains acoustic versions of his career hits was released in 2007 on the Liberation Blue label. He performed a Beatles tribute show, Let It Be, with Parkinson, Sharon O'Neill and Mark Williams. In 2008, Shorrock toured with the musical Shout! The Legend of the Wild One based on the life of Australian rocker Johnny O'Keefe.In July 2010, <mask> performed a retrospective of his 45 years in the music industry. Currently <mask> continues to tour Australia performing for public and private events in Australia and promotes new local music artists. In early 2013 he and his band were headlining performers in Macau, New York and London for the media launch of the Titanic II project. This was at the personal invitation of Australian entrepreneur Clive Palmer. In October 2014, <mask> was inducted into the South Australian Music Hall of Fame alongside Bon Scott's former band Fraternity, Chris Finnen and David "Daisy" Day. Shorrock released his autobiography, Now, Where Was I?, in June 2018. <mask> was appointed an honorary member of the Order of Australia (AM) on 26 January 2020, awarded for significant service to the performing arts as a singer, songwriter and entertainer.In 2021, <mask> appeared in the Australian film "A Stitch in Time". Personal life
<mask> met his first wife, Sue Doran, a Melbourne nurse, in 1966. The couple married in 1967 and divorced in 1971. In 1975, Shorrock met Jo Swan, a video producer nine years his junior, who worked in the same building (Armstrong Studios) where Little River band was recording its first album. They married in 1980,separated in 2019 and divorced in 2020. <mask> married Irene Rose, a teacher, on 21 December 2021. Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Other singles

Awards and nominations

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.They commenced in 1987. <mask> was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1991. |-
| ARIA Music Awards of 1991
| himself
| ARIA Hall of Fame
|

Australian Songwriter's Hall of Fame
The Australian Songwriters Hall of Fame was established in 2004 to honour the lifetime achievements of some of Australia's greatest songwriters. |-
| 2006
| himself
| Australian Songwriter's Hall of Fame
|
|}

King of Pop Awards
The King of Pop Awards were voted by the readers of TV Week. The King of Pop award started in 1967 and ran through to 1978. |-
| 1977
| himself
| Best Australian Songwriter
|
|-

See also
<mask> - Talking Heads
<mask> - This Is Your Life
<mask> - The Don Lane Show (1980)

References

General

  Note: Archived on-line copy has limited functionality. Note: on-line version established at White Room Electronic Publishing Pty Ltd in 2007 and was expanded from the 2002 edition.Specific

External links
<mask> official website
Online Museum
<mask>rock holdings at the National Film and Sound Archive
National Library of Australia
Official Music page of <mask>
Official <mask> Facebook page
Interview with <mask> and Jo Shorrock 2010

1944 births
Living people
People from Chatham, Kent
Australian male singer-songwriters
British soft rock musicians
English emigrants to Australia
APRA Award winners
Honorary Members of the Order of Australia
Musicians from Adelaide
Little River Band members
ARIA Hall of Fame inductees
ARIA Award winners
Capitol Records artists
The Twilights members
20th-century Australian male singers
21st-century Australian male singers
Birtles Shorrock Goble members

masks:
Glenn Barrie Shorrock
Shorrock
Glenn Barrie
Shorrock
Harry Shorrock
Joyce Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Glenn Wheatley
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shor
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn


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<mask> (Barcelona, January 17, 1888 – L'Ametlla del Vallès, December 5, 1973) was an international journalist, career diplomat, and polyglot translator (he spoke seven languages and wrote five) who lived most of his life outside of Catalonia as a correspondent in Europe during the stormy, unstable years of the First and Second World Wars. He worked as a correspondent in Buenos Aires, Paris, Madrid, London, Berlin, Washington DC, and Geneva, and traveled to Italy, Russia, and Austria, among others. As a correspondent, he collaborated principally with Catalan media outlets, writing in Catalan, like La Publicitat, La Veu de Catalunya, or Mirador magazine, which he complemented with activities in Spanish in South American publications and the Madrid-based newspaper Ahora. His mastery of languages allowed him to work as a translator for international organizations like the UN, WHO, World Bank, and FAO. His longest assignment was in Berlin, between 1922 and 1936, during the Weimar Republic, when Xammar published in 1923 an alleged interview of Hitler, the first known such of the future Führer, in which he explains how he was incubating what he called "the serpent's egg". Eighty years later, the authenticity of this interview was called into question by Lluís Permanyer and Albert Sánchez Piñol. These are the years in which he coincided with Josep Pla who was also a correspondent and with whom he maintained a lifelong friendship.From Berlin, he narrated the repercussions of the First World War on the German populace that led to the evolution of Nazism and Hitler's arrival to power. Always committed to the Republic and to the Government of the Generalitat de Catalunya, of which he was a representative in Paris during the postwar period under President Irla, his actions led to Francoist reprisals and extradition, as well as the disappearance of his name and his work for an entire generation of students until his posthumous memoir was published in the mid 1970s. Xammar defined himself as a democrat, Republican, and Catalanist. He stated: "when it comes to Catalonia, I have never taken precautions". He was very critical of those who, despite sharing positions like his own, considered themselves "non-belligerents" with the postwar Francoist regime, like for example the intellectuals who contributed to Destino magazine, despite it being a key liberal, Catalanist, democratic source of the times. Biography
Although he was born in Barcelona, in 1900 he moved with his mother and his brother Josep Maria to the Can Xammar de Dalt manor house in Almetlla del Vallès. The property, which had been the third most important one in the municipality, had fallen into ruin due to Phylloxera, when his mother, the widow of <mask>, inherited it.His mother tried to save the mostly rural property, renting rooms to Barcelonians who spent summers outside of the city, and the custom became widespread and turned Almetlla into a summer resort during the first third of the 20th century. But it was not enough, and two years after arriving, the still adolescent <mask> <mask> had to decide whether to accept the challenge suggested by his mother of becoming a farmer and continuing the family business. His restless temperament kept him from any kind of farm-related vocation, and he answered that "whether farming or managing a farm, living in Ametlla for my whole life doesn't appeal to me in the slightest". When he was 14, his mother told him they would finish the winter in Ametlla and then work in Barcelona, in the cotton business Sucesores de B. Brutau. Four years later, his mother was forced to sell the farm at a loss to another cotton industrialist, Joan Millet i Pagès, brother of the director of the Orfeó Català, Lluís Millet. From that moment on, the property was rebaptized with the name Can Millet. This was not the only change, since the new owner hired the modernist architect in fashion in the area, Manuel Joaquim Raspall, to remodel the place.Xammar was flabbergasted when he saw the new look, and he wrote, "A touch of Raspall—to call it that—was all that was needed to transform a magnificent, gigantic farmhouse, with two sides, into a sort of inedible Easter Egg that to this day still frightens any sensible person." In August 1909, he took advantage of the 1500 pesetas that his aunt had given him to pay to get out of his military service in order to take a trip to Paris to polish his French while he took on all manner of jobs in order to survive. It's not clear whether he went to make a break with the environment of Barcelona during the Tragic Week of 1909, that he was already reflecting upon in his columns in El Poble Català, or if it was to get out of doing military service. He returned from Paris, passing quickly through Catalonia, before heading on to Argentina, a country that he found distressing and that he left three months later to go back to Paris where he lived for two years, between 1910 and 1912, living a Bohemian life. Next he began work as a newspaper correspondent that led him to live in various countries without returning to Barcelona until 1917, due to his mother having a serious illness, which kept him in Barcelona until 1918. Between 1918 and 1936, he lived in Paris, Madrid, Geneva, and Berlin. Marriages
At the end of 1922 in Berlin, Xammar married Amanda Fürstenwerth Goetsche, a cultured German woman with whom he lived until her death in 1969, after an operation on her femur.In the last years of their marriage, <mask> had a French lover 40 years his junior, Francine Mesne, employed by the UNESCO in Paris, who became his second wife on May 2, 1970 in Santa Maria de Llerona (Vallès Oriental). His few friends attended the wedding, including Josep Badia and the musician Josep Maria Ruera i Pinart, who played the Catalan Anthem, Els Segadors, at the doors of the church. The pair made their home in Paris, but just a few months later, <mask>'s health deteriorated due to a violent attack of Zoster Herpes that evolved into long, aching pain between his ribs. After a few months, on February 22, 1971, he tripped and broke his femur. He was operated on in Paris at the age of 83, and his wife Francine, unwilling to take care of an old man, sent him to his home in Ametlla. She stayed in Paris and visited him on a few occasions before his death. Last years in Ametlla
Despite the short stay during his youth in Ametlla del Vallès, Xammar always returned to the town when he was passing through Catalonia.He was always clear that he wanted to end up in the town in which he had refused to be a farmer, and which would have limited his freedom of movement. He thought, however, that he would fulfill that objective after a few years of globetrotting, like his friend Josep Pla explained to him in a letter at the end of the 1920s: "However closed the paths may seem, I have the impression that in three years at the most, things will have changed and we will meet once again in Catalonia. I think I'll be able to save 12,000 marks this year that I can devote to buying land in Ametlla—and I confess the fact that I'm starting to miss it. Next year, I want to return to Catalonia no matter what, paying off my military service beforehand, of course, if I could stay, I would stay." Even though he didn't have his own house, he took advantage of any opportunity of talking up the town, like in 1931 when he brought the Civil Governor from the new Republican government, Carlos Esplá, accompanied by the journalist Francisco Madrid on an excursion to Ametlla. His dreams didn't come true until 1932, the year in which he bought Can Feliu, with a small house and a little bit of land, on the edge of the town limits. The purchase coincided with the beginning of the Republic, a fact that Xammar underscores when he describes the house in his memoirs.The text describes a property of a limited size, a small house almost in ruins, and ends up showing his desire to return, despite all of that: "But all of that was nothing compared to becoming once again a property owner in Ametlla del Vallès and a resident in the town where he had to pay taxes (few) and gotten to vote when the elections came around." From that moment on, he began to visit Catalonia more frequently and began to recover some of his friends from his youth. At the beginning of the civil war, he was in Berlin and in October, 1940, a Barcelona judge ordered the 'confiscation of all the goods and the perpetual estrangement from national territory of Mr. <mask> <mask> for being a red and a Catalanist'. This event condemned him to a long exile up until 1950 and the loss of his beloved house in Catalonia. Years later, Fèlix Millet i Maristany, the new owner of Can Xammar de Dalt, helped him get it back. After 1960, <mask>'s life basically was centered in Ametlla in a kind of internal exile, refusing to write as a badge of loyalty to an imprisoned Catalonia. It is a period in which he alternates between stays in Fonda Europa in Granollers, which belonged to the Parellada family, with which he maintained a great friendship.Many of his peers, including Jaume Miravitlles or Avel·lí Artís-Gener, visited his house in recognition of his professional prowess and the exemplariness of his ideological independence. His last years were characterized by his fight against the herpes-which caused pain and restricted his mobility. As he described it in his memoir, 'Each day I was less and less motivated to move, especially in the winter, I come and go from a very comfortable bed to a very comfortable seat and from a spacious bedroom to an ample bathroom.' His finances had always been limited, but during his last years he had serious economic problems. Once again it was Josep Badia who helped him by finding a local gentleman, Maties Barres, who gave him a lifelong pension for his house, Can Feliu, and with that, he was able to live out his last days. He died in Ametlla del Vallès, where he is buried, on December 5, 1973. Career
<mask>'s concern for broadening his knowledge from his basic studies drove him to educate himself.When he returned to Barcelona to work in the textile industry, he joined the CADCI. While he improved his studies, he read the classics, wrote poetry, practiced his favorite sport—soccer—became an expert at billiards and played Basque pelota. He combined attendance at concerts at the Liceu with his participation as a member on the jury of the Jocs Florals de Rubí, or with the composition of a poem that would become the words to 'Nocturn musicat' by the founder of the Orfeó Gracienc, Joan Balcells. The piece was performed for the first time by Balcells himself at the Palau de la Música in 1949. It is at the CADCI where he received his formation at a moment in which Catalonia struggled to make education one of the country's foundations. Xammar understood and tied Catalanism to education and in one of his articles titled 'Catalan education' (La Tralla, October 1, 1904), he demanded nationalist formation, criticizing the universities, 'ruled by professors, the cleverest of which wasn't smartest enough to pull a cart' and he demanded the creation of Catalan schools in order to 'marginalize the vulgar Spanish primary education that we have'. References

Bibliography

External links
 <mask> <mask> at Association of Catalan Language Writers, AELC.Webpage in Catalan, with English and Spanish translations. <mask> <mask>  at LletrA, Catalan Literature Online (Open University of Catalonia). (English)

People from Barcelona
Journalists from Catalonia

masks:
Eugeni Xammar i Puigventós
Ramon Xammar
Eugeni
Xammar
Xammar
Xammar
Eugenio
Xammar
Xammar
Xammar
Eugeni
Xammar
Eugeni
Xammar


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<mask> (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional snooker player. He has twice been the World Championship runner-up, in 2008 and 2012, losing both finals to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has won four ranking titles and briefly reached number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname, "The Captain", comes from his hobby of piloting aeroplanes. Career
<mask> turned professional in 1996. He first emerged in 1999, winning the WPBSA Association Young Player of the Year award after winning the Benson and Hedges Championship in 1999 – this earned him a wild card place in the Masters. He also reached the semi-finals of the 1999 Grand Prix.It was eight years before he reached another ranking semi-final, the 2007 Malta Cup. He was close to the elite top 16 for three successive seasons ranking as 17, 19, and 19 through 2003–04, 2004–05 and 2005–06, respectively, before reaching it in the 2006–07 season and remaining there in 2008. He reached the last 16 (second round) of the World Championship in 2005, after scoring the first 10–0 victory in the event since 1993 against 1993 semi-finalist James Wattana in qualifying. At the 2007 World Championship he beat Andy Hicks in the first round, 10–4, before beating World No. 1 and seven-time champion Stephen Hendry 13–6 to reach his first World Championship quarter-final and guarantee a place in the Top-16. <mask> now has a 5–4 record against Hendry; conversely, he has only beaten Ronnie O'Sullivan in the 2nd round of the 2018 World Snooker Championship 13–9, having lost 16 of the last 17 encounters. <mask> has at times missed out on opportunities from winning positions, an extreme example being in the first round of the 2007 UK Championship, when <mask> led Barry Hawkins 8–3 before Hawkins won the next six frames to win 9–8.However, <mask> got his own back on Hawkins during the 2008 World Championship by beating him 10–9 in a 'controversial' finale. Hawkins had levelled the match to 9–9, when the players were pulled out of the arena to allow the evening matches to begin. They returned after one of the evening's two matches had been completed – on a table they had not previously played on. Hawkins felt this break interrupted his momentum, handing the match to <mask>. He followed this by defeating two former champions in succession; provisional World Number 1 Shaun Murphy 13–4 in the second round and then 2002 winner Peter Ebdon 13–9 in the quarter-final. In the semi-final on 4 May 2008 he beat Joe Perry 17–15 to book a place against Ronnie O'Sullivan in the final. <mask> lost the final 8–18.<mask> scored his first 147 break on 29 April at the 2008 World Championship, one day after Ronnie O'Sullivan had made one in the same tournament. This made <mask> the sixth man to achieve this feat at the Crucible (the eighth made there, as O'Sullivan had previously achieved it three times), and the first to have done so without previously winning a tournament. It is the first time two 147s have been made in the same event. <mask> soon showed signs of carrying this form forward in subsequent events. He won his second non-ranking tournament, the Huangshan Cup in China, with a 5–3 win over the reigning Grand Prix champion Marco Fu. In the 2008/09 season <mask> reached the semi-final stage on three occasions. He progressed to the semi-finals of the 2008–09 season's first ranking event, the 2008 Northern Ireland Trophy before losing 5–6 to O'Sullivan having led 5–4.He reached the same stage of the Grand Prix, defeating veterans Steve Davis and John Parrott before losing to Ryan Day, again 5–6 The third occasion was the UK Championship where wins over Peter Ebdon and Mark Williams were followed by a close 9–7 defeat to the man he was victorious against in the Huangshan Cup final in China, Marco Fu. After thirteen years as a professional, <mask> defeated the likes of Jimmy White, Graeme Dott, Shaun Murphy, Anthony Hamilton, and Joe Swail to finally win his first ranking tournament – the 2009 Welsh Open. <mask> made a slow start to the 2009–10 season, losing 0–5 to Liang Wenbo in the last 16 of the Shanghai Masters and losing in the first round at the Grand Prix, before reaching the quarter-finals of the UK Championship. As the defending champion at the Welsh Open he progressed to the final but was beaten by John Higgins, the reigning world champion at the time. He finished the season strongly by reaching the semi-finals at the China Open and the World Championship, losing in the latter to eventual champion, Neil Robertson, by 12–17. Of the six ranking tournaments that were staged during the 2009/2010 season, <mask>'s campaigns were ended by the eventual champion on four occasions, and on another by the runner-up. <mask> finished the season by moving up to a career high position of 4th in the world rankings.<mask> won the 2010 Shanghai Masters. <mask> had to recover from 1–4 down in the quarter-final to defeat Matthew Stevens 5–4, Stevens missing the final black off its spot in the deciding frame. He then won six frames in a row from 0–2 down to beat Mark Selby 6–2, and edged past qualifier Jamie Burnett 10–7 in the final. The following events were not very successful for <mask>, as he was eliminated in the last 32 of the World Open by Mark Williams 1–3, he suffered an early exit against the young talent Mark Joyce in the first round of the UK Championship by 6–9 and also lost his first round match of the 2011 Masters against Peter Ebdon by 5–6. 2011/2012 season
<mask>'s 2011–12 season got off to a poor start as he exited the first two ranking events of the year, the Australian Goldfields Open and the Shanghai Masters, in the first round. At the UK Championships he defeated Robert Milkins, but then lost 2–6 to Mark Allen in the last 16. After the match <mask> stated on Twitter: "I'm going to retire at the end of the season!And I can't wait!" and that he was "dead serious" about the threat. Later on he admitted the comments were made "in the heat of the moment" but that he did have some "serious thinking to do at the end of the season". His retirement threat looked to be more likely as he lost in the first round in the Masters and the next two ranking events, and then withdrew from the World Open in China due to medical reasons. Although he reached the quarter-finals of the China Open with wins over Dominic Dale and Lu Ning before losing 2–5 to Ding Junhui, <mask> found himself out of the world's top 16 for the first time since 2005. Before the start of the World Championship <mask> stated that his future in the game depended on his health, as his ten-year battle with Crohn's disease continued. Three weeks before the start of the event he began cutting out dairy and wheat from his diet.This looked to have an effect on the snooker table too as he raced into an 8–1 lead over Mark Davis in the opening session of the first round, before returning to close out the match 10–2. He played world number 2 Judd Trump in the second round and from 9–12 behind, produced a superb fightback to record the result of his season to take the match 13–12 and reach the quarter-finals. He defeated impressive debutant Jamie Jones 13–11 in the last eight to book a semi-final with Stephen Maguire. He won this match by a 17–12 scoreline to play in a repeat of the 2008 final against Ronnie O'Sullivan. He lost 11–18, meaning he has now not beaten O'Sullivan in any of their 12 ranking event matches. Despite reaching the final, <mask> finished the season ranked world number 17, meaning he had dropped 11 places during the year. 2012/2013 season
<mask> began the season in less than auspicious form as he lost in the first round of both the Wuxi Classic and Australian Goldfields Open.He won his first match in a ranking event of the season by beating Robert Milkins 5–4 in the Shanghai Masters and then whitewashed Stephen Maguire 5–0 to advance to the quarter-finals. He played John Higgins and at 1–4 down threatened a comeback by winning two frames, but lost the next to exit the tournament, losing 3–5. A first round defeat in the International Championship followed before he saw off Steve Davis and Mark Joyce in the UK Championship both by 6–2 scorelines and Stuart Bingham 6–4 to make the semi-finals for the first time since 2008. <mask> was the victim of a stunning fightback against Shaun Murphy in the semi-finals as he led 8–4 but Murphy levelled at 8–8 and when <mask> broke down on a break of 32 in the deciding frame, Murphy stepped in to win 9–8. <mask> was beaten 3–6 by Higgins in the first round of the Masters. <mask> scored comfortable victories over Fraser Patrick, Anthony Hamilton and Michael Holt at the German Masters and then took advantage of a poor performance from Neil Robertson to reach the final, where he played Marco Fu. <mask> came back from 3–5 down to win 9–6 to secure the third ranking event title of his career.Fu gained revenge in the PTC Finals by beating <mask> 4–1 in the second round, before <mask> reached the final of the non-televised Championship League but lost 2–3 to Martin Gould. He was edged out 4–5 in the second round of the China Open by Mark Williams. At the World Championship <mask> won seven frames in a row to see off Ben Woollaston 10–4 in the first round, and came back from 1–5 in the last 16 against Ronnie O'Sullivan to level at 7–7, before O'Sullivan stepped up a gear to knock out <mask> 13–8. He ended the season ranked world number 16. 2013/2014 season
<mask> won through to the third round of the Wuxi Classic, before being edged out 5–4 by David Morris in the last 16. After his first round loss to Mark Davis in the Shanghai Masters, <mask> was forced to withdraw from the next two ranking events due to health problems documented below. He returned for the UK Championship and dropped just one frame in his opening two matches, before losing 3–6 to Graeme Dott.<mask> dropped out of the top 16 in the world rankings during the year to miss out on playing in the Masters for the first time since 2006, but reached his first semi-final in a ranking event in over a year at the China Open, losing 2–6 to Neil Robertson. <mask> was beaten 13–9 by Mark Selby in the second round of the World Championship and bemoaned his opponent's negative playing style, saying that he was the only one trying to make things happen during the game. 2014/2015 season
<mask> missed the start of the 2014–15 season due to receiving treatment for a recurrence of testicular cancer metastasising to his lung. He returned in October at the non-ranking General Cup and won the title by defeating Shaun Murphy 7–6 in the final. In October, World Snooker and the WPBSA announced that <mask>'s seeding for the remainder of the 2014–15 season would be based on a world ranking of 13. His first match back in a ranking event was a 5–6 loss to Zhang Anda in the opening round of the UK Championship. <mask> received a standing ovation at the Masters and beat Barry Hawkins 6–1, before Neil Robertson defeated him by a reversal of this scoreline in the quarter-finals.Afterwards <mask> said he was nowhere near match sharp and was targeting the World Championship as the place to rediscover his best form. He won his first matches at the venue stage of a ranking event this year at the Welsh Open with victories over Fraser Patrick, Mark King and Matthew Selt, before losing 2–4 to Ben Woollaston in the last 16 and was knocked out in the first round of the China Open 5–4 by Kurt Maflin. <mask> had a comprehensive 10–5 win over Alan McManus in the first round of the World Championship which began with a 127 break, before once again losing to Robertson in the next round, this time 5–13. <mask>'s ranking was now no longer frozen and with him dropping down to world number 29 he set a goal to reclaim his top 16 ranking next season. 2015/2016 season

<mask> won the Paul Hunter Classic by defeating Shaun Murphy 4–3 in the final with a 95 break in the deciding frame, after a spirited fightback from Murphy to level it from 1–3 down. It was <mask>'s maiden European Tour title and his first ranking title since beating cancer. The win was especially fitting as the player it was named after, Paul Hunter, died of cancer in 2006.<mask> lost 2–6 in the third round of the UK Championship to John Higgins. At the World Grand Prix he beat Luca Brecel 4–1 and Tom Ford 4–0 to reach his first ranking event quarter-final of the season, but lost 1–4 to Joe Perry. Another followed at the PTC Finals courtesy of knocking out Graeme Dott and Judd Trump both 4–1. In the quarters Ricky Walden eliminated him 4–1. <mask> came through a trio of matches to qualify for the World Championship and held his nerve after leading defending champion Stuart Bingham 5–1 and 8–5 to beat him 10–9. <mask> took a 9–7 advantage over Alan McManus after the second session of their second round match, but went on to lose 11–13. 2016/2017 season
<mask> whitewashed John Higgins 5–0 in the quarter-finals of the World Open and swept past Thepchaiya Un-Nooh 6–1 to play Joe Perry in the final.<mask> completed a 10–8 win to take his fourth ranking title and first since 2013, as well as regaining his place in the elite top 16. At the Shanghai Masters he lost 1–5 in the quarter-finals to Stuart Bingham. <mask> reached the final of the German Masters by seeing off Martin Gould 6–2 and led Anthony Hamilton 5–2. However, he then lost seven of the next eight frames to be defeated 6–9. <mask> beat Shaun Murphy 5–4 and Neil Robertson 5–3 at the Players Championship and then was defeated 4–6 by Judd Trump in the semi-finals. He lost 7–10 to Graeme Dott in the first round of the World Championship. 2017/2018 season
<mask> was a consistent performer in the 2017/18 season.He began the season by reaching the semi final of the China Championship, losing 6–4 to Shaun Murphy. He also reached the quarter final of the International Championship after beating Jamie Barrett, Andrew Higginson, Stephen Maguire, and Shaun Murphy. In the quarter final, <mask> forced a decider after trailing 5–3 to Martin Gould, but eventually lost 6–5. At the World Snooker Championship, <mask> advanced to the quarter final after beating Graeme Dott and Ronnie O'Sullivan. He eventually lost 13–8 to Mark Williams. 2018/2019 season
In October, <mask> reached the quarter final of the English Open after wins over Rory McLeod, Luca Brecel, Matthew Selt, and Daniel Wells, before losing 5–2 to Stuart Bingham. He then reached another quarter final of a ranking event, this time at the International Championship, but was whitewashed by Mark Allen 6–0.The best result of the season for <mask> came in the World Grand Prix in February. He defeated Martin O'Donnell, Mark Allen, David Gilbert, and Xiao Guodong to reach the final, but eventually lost 10–6 to Judd Trump. 2019/2020 season
<mask> took part in the 2020 Dafabet Masters, despite being ranked 17th, as a result of Ronnie O'Sullivan not wishing to compete. He reached the final for the first time in his career, his opponent was Stuart Bingham. <mask> trailed 3–5 at the end of the first session, but then won the first four frames in the second session to take a lead of 7–5. Bingham responded well though and took the next four frames to be one frame away from victory, who eventually won 10–8. Immediately after the Masters, <mask> also reached the semi-final of the European Masters, but lost 6–1 to Neil Robertson.Personal life
In 2003, <mask> was diagnosed with Crohn's disease. He has partly controlled this by limiting dairy and wheat/gluten in his diet. On 1 July 2013, it was announced that <mask> had been diagnosed with testicular cancer. He had surgery a day later and was advised to rest for a month. On 19 July 2013, he announced on his Twitter page that he had received the all-clear and would resume his career at the Shanghai Masters in September. He stated in April 2014 that he would have chosen to take six months to a year away from snooker, but this had not been possible due to his need to regain his place in the top 16 of the world rankings. A month later, World Snooker announced that <mask> had been diagnosed with cancer in his lung and would be taking a break from the sport to receive a course of intensive chemotherapy.In August 2014, he successfully completed treatment for this secondary tumour (metastatic recurrence of the testicular cancer), including surgery, and returned to the World Snooker Tour in October at the General Cup, which he won. <mask> practised at Chelmsford's Rivermead Snooker Club before buying the club and becoming the new owner. He also has a keen interest in flying and has a pilot's licence. His first child, with his ex-partner Sarah, a son named Max, was born in 2009. He also has a child named Olivia with his ex-partner, Stella English, who was the winner of Series Six of The Apprentice in 2010. Performance and rankings timeline

Career finals

Ranking finals: 10 (4 titles)
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Minor-ranking finals: 1 (1 title)

Non-ranking finals: 9 (3 titles)

See also
 List of people diagnosed with Crohn's disease

References

External links

<mask> at worldsnooker.com

Profile on Global Snooker

1979 births
Living people
English snooker players
Sportspeople from Colchester
Sportspeople from Chelmsford
World Games silver medalists
Competitors at the 2017 World Games
People with Crohn's disease

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Sir <mask>  (16 June 1853, Woodford, London −12 May 1921) was Assistant Commissioner (Crime) of the London Metropolitan Police from 1903 to 1913. A highly regarded and famously affable figure of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras he played major investigative roles in cases that led to the establishment and acceptance of fingerprint identification. He was also a major player in the pursuit and capture of Dr. Crippen, and of the exoneration of a wrongly convicted man, Adolph Beck, which helped lead to the creation of the Court of Criminal Appeal in 1907. When he prematurely retired in 1913 due to illness, Macnaghten claimed to journalists that he knew the exact identity of Jack the Ripper, the nickname of the unknown serial killer of poor prostitutes in London's impoverished East End during the late Victorian era. The police chief called the killer "that remarkable man", but refused to name him or divulge details that might identify him, except to reveal that he had taken his own life at the end of 1888. Macnaghten further claimed that he had destroyed the relevant papers to keep forever secret the deceased killer's identity. Since 1965 the public has known that Macnaghten's suspect was Montague John Druitt, a country doctor's son and young barrister who inexplicably drowned himself in the River Thames in early December 1888.The source of <mask>'s alleged "private information" about Druitt has two candidates, both only uncovered in the early 21st Century. One is a Tory politician, H. R. Farquharson, who lived near the Druitts and also went to Eton with Macnaghten, and the other is Colonel Sir Vivian Majendie, a very close friend of the police chief and whose clan was related to the Druitt family. It is likely both men, in succession, were the unnamed sources of information for the police chief regarding the drowned barrister being strongly suspected of being the Ripper by his closest relations. Since 1959 Macnaghten has been known for a major report written in the 1890s on the Ripper case, naming three possible Jack the Ripper suspects. There are two versions of this document, one that was filed in the archives of Scotland Yard. It was, however, a copy of the privately held version in the possession of his daughter, Christabel, Lady Aberconway – the version which strongly advocated "M. J. Druitt" as the likeliest suspect to have been the Whitechapel assassin – that was revealed in 1959. Macnaghten's opinion that the case was likely solved, and that it was a "Protean" maniac who had taken his own life, had already been confirmed in his 1914 memoir, "Days of My Years" (London, Edward Arnold) though Druitt was not named (and no other suspects are mentioned as possibilities).More recently, French writer Sophie Herfort has argued that Macnaghten himself was responsible for the Jack the Ripper murders. Early career
The youngest of fifteen children of Elliot Macnaghten, the last Chairman of the British East India Company, Macnaghten was educated at Eton. In his memoirs he describes his schooldays as the happiest of his life, even going so far as to write that he knew this to be so as he lived them. After leaving school in 1872, he went to India to run his father's tea estates in Bengal and remained there until 1888, albeit with occasional visits back home. In 1881 he was assaulted by Indian land rioters and as a result, became friends with James Monro, who was District Judge and Inspector-General in the Bombay Presidency at the time. On 3 October 1878 he married Dora Emily Sanderson, the daughter of a canon from Chichester; they eventually had two sons and two daughters (Christabel was the second, 1890–1974). Career in the Criminal Investigation Department
Upon his return to England, Macnaghten was offered the post of first Assistant Chief Constable (CID) in the Metropolitan Police by Monro, who by that time had become the first Assistant Commissioner (Crime); however this appointment was opposed by Charles Warren, the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, allegedly due to the beating he took by "the Hindoos" back in Bengal; but the real reason seemed to be that Warren and Monro did not get along well from the beginning.Warren's rejection of Macnaghten widened the rift between the two men, resulting in Monro's resignation and his transfer to Special Branch by the Home Secretary, Henry Matthews. However, due to the continuous disagreements with Home Secretary Matthews, Commissioner Warren chose to resign on 9 November 1888. Monro was brought in to succeed him as Commissioner. With this turn of events, <mask> was brought in with the position of Assistant Chief Constable in June 1889; he was later promoted to Chief Constable in 1890, following the unexpected death of the first incumbent, Adolphus Williamson. Macnaghten and Jack the Ripper

Even though he missed being on the police force during the Ripper killings of 1888, Macnaghten was actively involved in the investigation of the murders of Whitechapel prostitutes between 1889 and 1891. Crimes that were initially believed by some at Scotland Yard, and certainly by the tabloid press, to be by the same perpetrator. In his memoir, Macnaghten claimed that information received "some years after" the final murder of 1888 led him to the belief that Jack the Ripper was a man who had taken his own life at the end of that year.The source of these "certain facts" that led to this "conclusion" is unidentified, though he implies in his book that it was the murderer's "own people", e.g. his relations who supposedly lived with him) who must have privately briefed the Chief Constable. Macnaghten even titles his chapter on the Whitechapel murders: "Laying the Ghost of Jack the Ripper"; meaning that the deceased "fiend" had only haunted Londoners as they were in ignorance that the killer had been in his grave for several years. In February 1891 a Conservative MP, Henry Richard Farquharson, the member for West Dorset, was telling people in London that he knew the murderer to have been a surgeon's son who had committed suicide. This story leaked to the press, though it never became a sensation. Like Macnaghten, Farquharson was a member of the upper classes who had attended Eton College and owned estates in the Far East. Macnaghten also had a potentially personal conduit of accurate information about Druitt – a close friend at the Home Office, Colonel Vivian Majendie (knighted in 1895).Colonel Majendie was also from a very distinguished family, was Chief Inspector of Munitions (1871–1898) and was justly acclaimed for his persistent bravery as a bomb disposal expert. Majendie was also related by the marriage of his first cousin's daughter, Isabel Majendie Hill, to the alleged Ripper (in 1888 Isabel had married Reverend Charles Druitt, the first cousin of Montague). According to Macnaghten, Druitt's own family "believed" he was Jack the Ripper. Due to speculation in the press about another madman, Macnaghten wrote a confidential report dated 23 February 1894 naming Druitt as a Ripper suspect and placed it on file. This document, in its entirety, was not publicly available until 1975 (the section mentioning only the suspects had been published in 1966). The alternate version of this same document, believed by many to be a draft, has never been sighted by a researcher and is thought to be lost. Instead a copy of this second version was made by Macnaghten's daughter Christabel, Lady Aberconway, who allowed some of its contents to be publicly broadcast by television presenter Daniel Farson in 1959.The name of the chief suspect was not revealed until 1965, by the American journalist and author Tom Cullen. Why Macnaghten composed two versions remains the subject of controversy, speculation and historical debate among writers on the Ripper mystery (some have argued that the so-called Aberconway version is a rewrite of the 1894 original). This report proved influential for Jack the Ripper research, for it popularised the idea that the Ripper only had five true victims and also named three possible suspects. It has been widely believed for over half a century that <mask>, in writing from memory, committed many factual errors in his report regarding Druitt. For example, in the privately held version he inaccurately describes Druitt as a 41-year-old doctor who vanished immediately after the final murder on 9 November 1888. In fact, Druitt was functioning normally, at least outwardly, at his places of work and play until the end of November 1888. This document also says that his family only "suspected" he was the Ripper.Since 1959 it has also been treated as a foundation stone of so-called "Ripperology" that the timing of Druitt's suicide, so soon after the final murder, was the threadbare reason Macnaghten considered him a suspect at all. Yet this ignores that the police chief in his memoir, and from the relative safety of retirement, revealed that Scotland Yard believed Whitechapel prostitute murders after 1888 were also by the Ripper. Years later Druitt came to his attention due to information received that was judged, by Macnaghten, to be so credible that post-1888 murders could not exonerate the tragic barrister. This line of argument is buttressed by the filed version of <mask>'s report as he notably equivocates, writing that M. J. Druitt was only "said to be a doctor", whilst affirming that the suspect was definitely "sexually insane" and his family "believed" he was the killer. Notably, Frederick Abberline, the field detective who led the investigation, did not believe that Druitt was the Ripper. Macnaghten also makes a mistake in describing the drowned suspect a "young doctor" or "medical student" (some writers have wondered if Abberline was perhaps confusing Druitt with a Whitechapel suspect in 1888 who was a young, medical student, named John Sanders). A controversial new line of argument is that the police chief was engaged in a campaign of "spin"; to both reveal and conceal the identity of the murderer.Commendably Macnaghten wanted the public to know that the Ripper was an English, gentile gentleman and not a poor, Jewish immigrant, yet he also supposedly conspired with the most famous writer of the day, George R. Sims, to disguise the drowned, young barrister as a drowned, middle-aged surgeon. They did this to protect the late suspect's respectable relations (Sims was also an upper class friend of both Macnaghten and Majendie). In effect Macnaghten and Sims disguised Druitt as "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (even Druitt's family in Sims's regular column in "The Referee" were disguised as unnamed "friends" of the "mad doctor"). Curiously, Douglas G. Browne in his The Rise of Scotland Yard, states that Macnaghten "appears to identify the Ripper with the leader of a plot to assassinate Mr Balfour at the Irish Office." This reference is puzzling because, although there were Fenian plots to assassinate Balfour, Druitt is not known to have had any such connections and it is extremely unlikely that he did. It has been recently speculated that Browne may have taken too literally some lines by Macnaghten at the end of his Ripper chapter. Macnaghten exaggerates the negative impact on the authorities of being unable to catch the fiend.He alleges it caused the resignation of the Police Commissioner and  "... very nearly settled the hash of one of Her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State." Macnaghten means the near-resignation of the Home Secretary, but Browne has perhaps misinterpreted these ambiguous words as an allusion to the assassination plot against Balfour. The second of Macnaghten's three suspects was identified only as "Kosminski," presumably Aaron Kosminski, a Polish Jew who lived in Whitechapel and was committed to an insane asylum in 1891. While not on the top of Macnaghten's list, Kosminski was suspected by Sir Robert Anderson, the man who succeeded Monro as Assistant Commissioner, with apparent confirmation by Chief Inspector Donald Swanson, Anderson's desk officer. As with Druitt, definitive evidence is lacking to support this allegation, and both Anderson and Swanson also made errors about Kosminski, their preferred suspect (the most significant of which was to claim "Kosminski" was long deceased when he was still alive; they also claim he was positively identified by a Jewish witness who refused to testify, often thought to be Israel Schwartz, a claim publicly and explicitly rejected by police chief Major Henry Smith, and implicitly by Macnaghten via his proxies and in his memoirs). The third suspect in <mask>'s report was a man named Michael Ostrog, a Russian-born thief and con man who affected several aliases and disguises and was detained in asylums in several occasions. Again there is little to support this suspicion against Ostrog: records indicated that he was imprisoned in France during the murders.The fact that Ostrog was arrested and imprisoned before the report was written raises the question of why Ostrog was included at all as a viable suspect. A possible yet tenuous answer has been postulated involving Eton College. Ostrog had stolen from Macnaghten's beloved alma mater and the police chief may have included the Russian in his reports as a private act of revenge. From late 1894 <mask> had to know that Ostrog had been cleared of the Whitechapel crimes, yet he still persisted with his inclusion and what is more projection into the public sphere as a Ripper suspect (via literary cronies). Later career, including as Assistant Commissioner
In 1900 <mask> served in the Belper Committee to inquire about "the working of the method of Identification of Criminals by Measurement and Fingerprints". As the committee recommended the use of fingerprints as a means of identification over bertillonage, largely due to the testimony of Edward Henry on their respective merits. When Henry was appointed Commissioner in 1903, succeeding Sir Edward Bradford, <mask> was appointed Assistant Commissioner (Crime) and became involved in many of the most famous cases in the history of the Metropolitan Police, including the Hawley Harvey Crippen case and the Farrow double murder case, which resulted in the conviction and hanging of Albert and Alfred Stratton largely on the basis on fingerprint evidence.He also claimed in his memoirs to have found the critical female witness who exonerated the falsely convicted Adolf Beck, a notorious mis-carriage of justice which led to the creation of the Court of Criminal Appeal. <mask> was knighted in the 1907 King's Birthday Honours List. In the 1912 New Years Honours List, he was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB). He was awarded the King's Police Medal (KPM) in the 1913 New Years Honours List. He was also a Knight Commander of the White Military Order of Spain and a Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog. Retirement and later life
However, in 1911 Macnaghten was experiencing the first signs of ill-health; even a trip to Australia the following year failed to improve matters. He was forced to retire from his job in 1913.<mask>'s successor at Scotland Yard was Basil Thomson who had attended New College, Oxford at the same time as Montague John Druitt, Macnaghten's preferred Ripper suspect. In 1914 he published his memoirs Days of My Years. He also made a translation of Horace's Ars Poetica into English verse, an effort to which he devoted the last ten years of his life. <mask> died on 12 May 1921 at Queen Anne's Mansions, Westminster. Macnaghten in fiction
During his lifetime Sir <mask> was fictionalised in several novels. He appears as a character named Mr Johnson in George R. Sims' 'Dorcas Dene Detective' (1897) short stories. Both <mask> and George R. Sims appear in Marie Belloc-Lowndes 'The Lodger:A story of the London fog' (1911), the latter as himself though unnamed and the former as Police Commissioner Sir John Burney.Macnaghten also is arguably the model for the heroic private eye Edmund Blake who hunts the Whitechapel murderer in Guy Logan's 'The true history of Jack the Ripper' (1905) in which Montague Druitt is also disguised as Mortimer Slade. Macnaghten also appears in The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade (1985), , the first of the Inspector Lestrade novels by M. J. Trow. The book deals with the aftermath of the Ripper case and with <mask>'s report. Trow misspells <mask>'s name as "McNaghten" in his book and presents a fictional version of Macnaghten's daughter. Macnaghten also features prominently in the later chapters of Alan Moore's seminal graphic novel From Hell. Footnotes

External links
Casebook.org

Assistant Commissioners of Police of the Metropolis
Knights Bachelor
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Recipients of the Queen's Police Medal
1853 births
1921 deaths
People educated at Eton College

masks:
Melville Leslie Macnaghten
Macnaghten
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Macnaghten
Melville Macnaghten
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