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<mask> (May 22, 1927 – April 5, 2014) was an American novelist, naturalist, wilderness writer, zen teacher and CIA officer. A co-founder of the literary magazine The Paris Review, he was the only writer to have won the National Book Award in both nonfiction (The Snow Leopard, 1979, category Contemporary Thought) and fiction (Shadow Country, 2008). He was also a prominent environmental activist. <mask>'s nonfiction featured nature and travel, notably The Snow Leopard (1978) and American Indian issues and history, such as a detailed and controversial study of the Leonard Peltier case, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse (1983). His fiction was adapted for film: the early story "Travelin' Man" was made into The Young One (1960) by Luis Buñuel and the novel At Play in the Fields of the Lord (1965) into the 1991 film of the same name. In 2008, at age 81, Matthiessen received the National Book Award for Fiction for Shadow Country, a one-volume, 890-page revision of his three novels set in frontier Florida that had been published in the 1990s. According to critic Michael Dirda, "No one writes more lyrically [than Matthiessen] about animals or describes more movingly the spiritual experience of mountaintops, savannas, and the sea."<mask> was treated for acute leukemia for more than a year. He died on April 5, 2014, three days before publication of his final book, the novel In Paradise on April 8. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City to Erard Adolph <mask> (1902–2000) and Elizabeth (née Carey). Erard, an architect, joined the Navy during World War II and helped design gunnery training devices. Later, he gave up architecture to become a spokesman and fund-raiser for the Audubon Society and the Nature Conservancy. The well-to-do family lived in both New York City and Connecticut where, along with his brother, Matthiessen developed a love of animals that influenced his future work as a wildlife writer and naturalist. He attended St. Bernard's School, the Hotchkiss School, and — after briefly serving in the U.S. Navy (1945–47) –  Yale University (B.A., 1950), with his junior year spent at the Sorbonne.At Yale, he majored in English, published short stories (one of which won the prestigious Atlantic Prize), and studied zoology. Paris Review and CIA
Marrying and resolving to undertake a writer's career, he soon moved back to Paris, where he associated with other expatriate American writers such as William Styron, James Baldwin and Irwin Shaw. There, in 1953, he became one of the founders, along with Harold L. Humes, Thomas Guinzburg, Donald Hall, and George Plimpton, of the literary magazine The Paris Review. As revealed in a 2006 film, he was working for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) at the time, using the Review as his cover. In a 2008 interview with Charlie Rose, <mask> stated that he "invented The Paris Review as cover" for his CIA activities. He completed his novel Partisans while employed by the CIA. He returned to the U.S. in 1954, leaving Plimpton (a childhood friend) in charge of the Review.Matthiessen divorced in 1956 and began traveling extensively. Writings
In 1959, Matthiessen published the first edition of Wildlife in America, a history of the extinction and endangerment of animal and bird species as a consequence of human settlement, throughout North American history, and of the human effort to protect endangered species. In 1965, Matthiessen published At Play in the Fields of the Lord, a novel about a group of American missionaries and their encounter with a South American indigenous tribe. The book was adapted into the film of the same name in 1991. In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. His work on oceanographic research, Blue Meridian, with photographer <mask>. Lake, documented the making of the film Blue Water, White Death (1971), directed by <mask> and Jim Lipscomb.Late in 1973, Matthiessen joined field biologist George Schaller on an expedition in the Himalaya Mountains, which was the basis for The Snow Leopard (1978), his double award-winner. Interested in the Wounded Knee Incident and the 1976 trial and conviction of Leonard Peltier, an American Indian Movement activist, Matthiessen wrote a non-fiction account, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse (1983). In 2008, Matthiessen revisited his trilogy of Florida novels published during the 1990s: Killing Mr. Watson (1990), Lost Man's River (1997) and Bone by Bone (1999), inspired by the frontier years of South Florida and the death of planter Edgar J. Watson shortly after the Southwest Florida Hurricane of 1910. He revised and edited the three books, which had originated as one 1,500-page manuscript, which eventually yielded the award-winning single-volume Shadow Country. While Matthiessen is celebrated for his mastery of both fiction and non-fiction, he always considered himself first and foremost a writer of novels, saying, "Like anything that one makes well with one's own hands, writing good nonfiction prose can be profoundly satisfying. Yet after a day of arranging my research, my set of facts, I feel stale and drained, whereas I am energized by fiction. Deep in a novel, one scarcely knows what may surface next, let alone where it comes from.In abandoning oneself to the free creation of something never beheld on earth, one feels almost delirious with a strange joy." Crazy Horse lawsuits
Shortly after the 1983 publication of In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, <mask> and his publisher Viking Penguin were sued for libel by David Price, a Federal Bureau of Investigation agent, and William J. Janklow, the former South Dakota governor. The plaintiffs sought over $49 million in damages; Janklow also sued to have all copies of the book withdrawn from bookstores. After four years of litigation, Federal District Court Judge Diana E. Murphy dismissed Price's lawsuit, upholding <mask>'s "freedom to develop a thesis, conduct research in an effort to support the thesis, and to publish an entirely one-sided view of people and events." In the Janklow case, a South Dakota court also ruled for Matthiessen. Both cases were appealed. In 1990, the Supreme Court refused to hear Price's arguments, effectively ending his appeal.The South Dakota Supreme Court dismissed Janklow's case the same year. With the lawsuits concluded, the paperback edition of the book was finally published in 1992. Personal life
After graduating from Yale in 1950, Matthiessen became engaged to Patsy Southgate, a Smith graduate whose father had been the chief of protocol in Roosevelt's White House. <mask> and Southgate had two children together. They divorced in 1956. In 1963 he married the writer Deborah Love. In his book The Snow Leopard, Matthiessen reported having had a somewhat tempestuous on-again off-again relationship with his wife Deborah, culminating in a deep commitment to each other made shortly before she was diagnosed with cancer.<mask> and Deborah practiced Zen Buddhism. She died in New York City in January 1972. In September of the following year came the field trip to Himalayan Nepal. <mask> later became a Buddhist priest of the White Plum Asanga. He gave dharma transmission to three students: Sensei Madeline Ko-I Bastis, Sensei Michel Engu Dobbs, and Sensei Dorothy Dai-En Friedman. Before practicing Zen, <mask> was an early pioneer of LSD. He said his Buddhism evolved fairly naturally from his drug experiences.He argued that it was unfortunate that LSD had become outlawed over time, given its potentially beneficial effects as a spiritual and therapeutic tool (when administered with the right care and attention) and was critical of a figure such as Timothy Leary in terms of the long-term reputation of the drug. In 1980, Matthiessen married Maria Eckhart, born in Tanzania, in a Zen ceremony on Long Island, New York. They lived in Sagaponack, New York. Eckhart is the mother of Serial host and Executive Producer Sarah Koenig, who was 10 or 11 years old at the time of the marriage. In 1989, Matthiessen published an autobiographical essay wherein he traced his ancestry to North Frisian shipmaster and whaling captain <mask> (1632–1706). Illness and death

Matthiessen was diagnosed with leukemia in late 2012. He died at his home in Sagaponack on April 5, 2014, aged 86.Awards
 1979 National Book Award, Contemporary Thought, for The Snow Leopard
 1980 National Book Award, General Non-Fiction (paperback), for The Snow Leopard
 1991 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
 1993 Helmerich Award, the Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award is presented annually by the Tulsa Library Trust. 1995–97, designated the State Author of New York
 2000 6th annual Heinz Award in the Arts and Humanities
 2008 National Book Award, Fiction, for Shadow Country
 2010 Spiros Vergos Prize for Freedom of Expression
 2010 William Dean Howells Medal, for Shadow Country

Works

Fiction
 Race Rock (1954)
 Partisans (1955)
 Raditzer (1961)
 At Play in the Fields of the Lord (1965)
 Far Tortuga (1975)
 On the River Styx and Other Stories (1989)
 The Watson trilogy
 Killing Mister Watson (1990)
 Lost Man's River (1997)
 Bone by Bone (1999)
 Shadow Country: a new rendering of the Watson legend (2008)
 In Paradise (2014)

Nonfiction
Wildlife in America (1959)
The Cloud Forest: A Chronicle of the South American Wilderness (1961)
Under the Mountain Wall: A Chronicle of Two Seasons in the Stone Age (1962)
"The Atlantic Coast", a chapter in The American Heritage Book of Natural Wonders (1963)
The Shorebirds of North America (1967)
 Oomingmak (1967)
Sal Si Puedes: Cesar Chavez and the New American Revolution (1969)
Blue Meridian: The Search for the Great White Shark (1971). The Tree Where Man Was Born (1972)
The Snow Leopard (1978)
 Sand Rivers, with photographer Hugo van Lawick. Aurum Press, London 1981, . In the Spirit of Crazy Horse (1983) . Indian Country (1984). Nine-headed Dragon River: Zen Journals 1969–1982 (1986).Men's Lives: The Surfmen and Baymen of the South Fork (1986). African Silences (1991). Baikal: Sacred Sea of Siberia (1992). East of Lo Monthang: In the Land of Mustang (1995). The <mask>en Reader: Nonfiction, 1959–1961 (2000). Tigers in the Snow (2000). The Birds of Heaven: Travels With Cranes (2001).End of the Earth: Voyage to Antarctica (2003). Notes

References

External links

<mask> interviewed on Conversations from Penn State
The film Time Passes, a portrait on <mask>en by Pat van Boeckel (ReRun Productions), was broadcast in the Netherlands by the Buddhist Broadcasting Foundation in 2011. (Part 2 and 3 can be viewed at the same website.) 1927 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American environmentalists
American magazine founders
American male novelists
American nature writers
American tax resisters
American travel writers
American Zen Buddhists
Zen Buddhism writers
James Fenimore Cooper Prize winners
John Burroughs Medal recipients
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
National Book Award winners
The Paris Review
White Plum Asanga
Writers from New York City
Hotchkiss School alumni
Yale University alumni
Zen Buddhist priests
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
People from Sagaponack, New York
St. Bernard's School alumni
Novelists from New York (state)
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American male writers

masks:
Peter Matthiessen
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<mask> (1917–1962) was a Welsh welterweight and middleweight boxer. <mask> was Wales welterweight champion from 1938 until he relinquished the belt with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. <mask> decision to join the Merchant Navy in 1939 resulted in him engaging in no professional bouts until he left the service in 1946. On his return to professional boxing after the war, <mask> switched to middleweight and made one unsuccessful attempt at the Welsh title. His boxing career lasted from 1935 to 1949. He was predicted to be a World Middleweight Champion before the war. Career history
<mask> was born in Cardiff in 1917 and was one of eleven children.He grew up in Nora Street in the district of Splott. <mask> took to boxing as a youth, winning three British school titles. He turned professional in 1935, after he controversially lost the Welsh Amateur Boxing Association final on points to local rival, Albert Barnes. <mask> was an elusive fighter with a good left punch and strong defensive skills. Of his 27 winning fights only one failed to go the full distance, showing an inability to finish opponents through heavy punching. Welterweight
<mask> took Fred Yates as his manager and trained under Ernie Hurford. His first recorded professional fight was against Douglas Lewis on 10 August 1935 at the Labour Stadium in Merthyr.The six round fight went the full distance with the referee giving the decision to Lewis. He fought at least another three times in 1935, winning all three on points. <mask> continued his winning streak into 1936, with victories over Eddie Cullen of Ynysddu and Tommy Davies of Tylorstown, both held at the Market Hall in Caerphilly. His win over Davies was the first of four known fights he undertook in May 1936, all wins. He continued his punishing schedule with another four contests in August, with only a draw against Norman Rees of Abercwmboi spoiling a perfect start to the year. <mask> finished the year with wins over Joe Thomas and Percy Enoch, before recording a draw with Les Greenaway at the King's Theatre in Cardiff. To this point <mask> has conducted all his fights in south Wales, and all against local fighters, working his way through the available Welsh welterweights.He continued this strategy through 1937, with three wins and a draw. With twenty bouts behind him, and just one loss in his opening fight, <mask> was placing himself into contention for a shot at the Wales Welterweight Championship title. A win over Curly Edwards at Pillgwelly Social Club in Newport in March 1938 set up a title eliminator with Mog Gwilliam of Pencoed. The fifteen round bout was scheduled for 3 May at the Mannesman Hall in Swansea. Gwilliam was the more experienced fighter, but came into the fight with two losses in the last three months. The fight went the full distance and the referee gave the decision to <mask>, setting up a challenge for the Wales welterweight title, held by Jack Moody of Pontypridd. Before he faced Moody, <mask> was on the card to face newly crowned Irish Welterweight champion Paddy Roche at Somerton Park in Newport.3,500 spectators turned out to watch the match, which resulted in a win for <mask> on points. <mask> and Moody met on 25 July at the Pill Athletic Ground in Newport. Again <mask> took his opponent the full distance and again he was awarded the points decision, making him the Wales Weltereight Champion. With the Welsh title came greater recognition and <mask> was now in demand by promoters in England. In August he beat <mask> in Liverpool and followed this with a win over Jack Morgan in Newport. <mask> then lost to George Odwell in Gloucester, the match being stopped in the eighth by the referee. <mask> recovered from this loss with a draw and then a winning rematch encounter with Southern area champion Norman Snow.He then finished the year with a loss to Harry Craster at Earls Court in London. <mask> has just one recorded fight in 1939, a points loss to Lefty Satan Flynn. With the outbreak of the Second World War, <mask> relinquished his Welsh title and joined the war effort. If he had joined the Army or Navy his boxing career would have probably continued, as the forces organised their own boxing clubs. Instead <mask> followed his brother into the Merchant Navy and was unable to fight in organised bouts. This led to seven years without a professional fight and during this period also developed a drink problem. Middleweight
On his return to the sport in 1946, <mask> was now fighting at middleweight.He lost his first encounter to Tommy Jones of Derby, but then beat Tommy Davies, the Wales middleweight champion in a non-title encounter. He finished the year losing to future British Light-heavyweight Champion, Alex Buxton. Having shown that he had the ability to stop the Welsh champion Davies, <mask> set his sights on winning a second Wales title. In 1947 he beat both Norman Jones and Des Jones in title eliminater contests to set up a return meeting with Davies, this time for the middleweight belt. Before facing Davies, Houlsten fought <mask>, the result was a draw. On 12 January 1948, <mask> and Davies met at the Glyn Hall in Neath. The 15 round bout went the distance and the decision went with the champion, Davies.<mask> continued to chase the middleweight title, and beat Koffi Kiteman just two weeks later, but after being knocked-out by Des Jones in a middleweight title eliminator his dreams of a second belt appeared slight. After suffering a technical knockout defeat to Alby Hollister in West Ham on 15 February 1949, <mask> decided to retire from boxing. Later life
<mask> returned to Cardiff, living in the same district he grew up in. He was a regular at the Clifton, a public house on the corner of Clifton Street and Broadway. He was known to entertain drinkers by inviting them to hit him in the head while he remained stood on a handkerchief to show his dodging skills. He worked at the Llanwern steelworks in Newport, and in 1962 he collapsed and died at work from a heart attack. He was 45.References

Bibliography

External links

Welsh male boxers
Middleweight boxers
Welterweight boxers
1917 births
1962 deaths
Boxers from Cardiff
British Merchant Navy personnel of World War II
People from Splott

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Johnny Houlston
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<mask> (nicknamed Vargy; born February 2, 1983) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins, Seattle Mariners, Los Angeles Angels, Kansas City Royals, New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies. The Marlins drafted <mask> in the second round of the 2004 MLB draft. He made his major league debut in 2005. In 2017, he was an All Star and tied for the American League lead in wins. Amateur career

<mask> was born in Apple Valley, California. He attended Victor Valley High School in Victorville, California, where he played for the school's baseball team under his father, who was head coach.His father retired in 1998, and <mask> transferred to Apple Valley High School in Apple Valley. <mask> graduated in 2001. The Minnesota Twins drafted him with the 1,273rd pick in the 2001 Major League Baseball draft. He declined to sign with Minnesota, and instead enrolled at Louisiana State University (LSU) to play college baseball for the LSU Tigers. As a freshman at LSU, <mask> had a 1–1 win-loss record with a 3.43 earned run average in 13 games. He also saw occasional playing time as a first baseman and designated hitter. In his first college at bat, he launched a pinch hit grand slam to lift the Tigers to a victory over Mercer.<mask> decided to transfer out of LSU after the 2002 season to Cypress College for the  season, picking a junior college so he would still be eligible for the draft. He was 11–3 with a 3.10 ERA and 101 strikeouts in 107.1 innings as he batted .374. He was the Southern California junior college player of the year for his work on the mound and at the plate. However, as the season wore on, his arm slot dropped, and his velocity fell into the mid-80s. That, combined with <mask>' signing bonus demands, depressed his draft stock, so he went undrafted. <mask> transferred to California State University, Long Beach to play for the Long Beach State 49ers for his junior year. At Long Beach, he learned to keep his top half aligned with his lower half over the rubber and not drift toward the plate as he twisted through his delivery.The tweak allowed <mask> to repeat his mechanics and keep his arm higher, which in turn increased the velocity on his fastball and improved the break on his curveball. The new work ethic paid off, and in  <mask> went 7–4 with a 4.14 ERA in 18 games on the mound, while hitting .354 with 14 doubles and five home runs as the team's designated hitter. Professional career

Florida Marlins
The Florida Marlins drafted <mask> out of Long Beach State with their second-round pick in the 2004 MLB draft, and he was signed by scout Robby Cosaro; he was a collegiate teammate of Jered Weaver, who was the Anaheim Angels' first-round pick in 2004. <mask> was the 68th player taken overall in the draft. He signed with the Marlins in time to make eight starts in 2004 with their Low A affiliate, the Jamestown Jammers, with whom he went 3–1 with an ERA of 1.96 in eight starts, and was named the #3 prospect in the New York=Penn League by Baseball America. He was the Marlins Organizational Pitcher of the Month for August. He finished 2004 with three starts at the end of the 2004 campaign with one of the Marlins' Single-A affiliates, the Greensboro Grasshoppers of the South Atlantic League.He had a record of 2–1, an ERA of 2.37, and struck out 17 batters in 19 innings pitched. <mask> was then promising enough that Baseball America listed him 8th among the Marlins' top 10 prospects for ; those above him were Jeremy Hermida, Scott Olsen, Yorman Bazardo, <mask>, Josh Willingham, Eric Reed, and Taylor Tankersley. Baseball America predicted that <mask> would start the season in Greensboro and finish it in High A with the Jupiter Hammerheads; <mask> would very easily surpass that expectation during the 2005 season. <mask> did start the 2005 season with Greensboro, as was expected, but he advanced quickly through the Marlins' minor-league system. He made five starts with Greensboro, going 4–1 with an earned run average of just 0.80 in five starts and was named South Atlantic League Pitcher of the Week on April 24, and the Marlins Organizational Pitcher of the Month for April, and Minor League Player of the Week honors for the week of April 18–24. He was then promoted to Jupiter, where he went 2–3 with a 3.42 ERA in nine starts; while there, he struck out 60 batters in 55 innings. With his third club of the year, the Double-A Carolina Mudcats, he made three starts, going 1–0 with a 2.84 ERA and 25 strikeouts in 19 innings pitched.He led all Florida minor league pitchers in 2005 with a 2.50 ERA. The Marlins noticed <mask>'s success in the minor leagues and, when faced with injuries to their own pitching staff, decided to make him the fourth Mudcats pitcher to play in the major leagues in 2005 (the others were Logan Kensing, Olsen, and Bazardo). He made his major-league debut on July 14, 2005, the same day on which the Marlins designated veteran starter Al Leiter for assignment. His first start in the majors would come on July 18 against the Arizona Diamondbacks. Unlike Kensing, Olsen, and Bazardo, <mask> enjoyed nearly immediate success upon his arrival in the major leagues, and after Ismael Valdéz returned from a leg injury, the Marlins moved Brian Moehler to the bullpen and left <mask> in their rotation. On August 21, <mask> started against the Dodgers and pitched his first complete game in the majors, giving up one run on six hits and striking out seven. He finished the 2005 season with a record of 5–5 and a 4.03 ERA in 17 games, 13 of which were starts.<mask> received one third-place vote from the Baseball Writers' Association of America in the 2005 MLB Rookie of the Year voting. <mask> started the  season in the Marlins' starting rotation, but he struggled there; in five starts, he went 1–1 with a 5.40 ERA, 20 walks, and 14 strikeouts in 23 innings. For the month of May, the Marlins moved him to the bullpen, where he gave up one run in 5 innings over his first three appearances. In his fourth appearance out of the bullpen, he allowed eight runs (seven earned) over 3 innings; the Marlins optioned him to the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes on May 14. <mask> started improving with Albuquerque, going 2–2 with a 4.54 ERA in seven starts and earning another promotion to the major leagues on July 6. However, over his next three games with the Marlins, all in relief, <mask> allowed 13 runs (12 earned), four home runs, and five walks in 10 innings; he struck out five batters. The Marlins sent him back to Albuquerque on July 29, where he stayed for the rest of Albuquerque's season.<mask> continued to struggle in his second stint with Albuquerque, allowing 38 earned runs on 56 hits in 31 innings. The Marlins did not call him up again in 2006 after the major-league rosters expanded in September. Overall, <mask> went 1–2 with a 7.33 ERA in 12 games (five of which were starts) for the Marlins, and 3–6 with a 7.43 ERA in 13 starts for the Isotopes in 2006. New York Mets
On November 20, 2006, the Marlins traded <mask> to the New York Mets along with fellow starting pitcher Adam Bostick in exchange for relief pitchers Matt Lindstrom and Henry Owens. <mask> began the  season with the Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs, compiling a 2–3 record with a 5.30 ERA, which Mets manager Willie Randolph described as "so-so". He was called up to the Mets on May 13 after an injured Moisés Alou was sent to the disabled list, and took over the rotation spot previously held by Mike Pelfrey, who was optioned to New Orleans after posting an 0–5 record in 6 outings. His first outing as a Met was on May 17, a no decision in a 6–5 victory over the Chicago Cubs.His next outing as a Met was on July 3 against the Colorado Rockies. <mask> pitched 3.1 innings, giving up nine earned runs. He pitched only 10.1 innings for the Mets in 2007. <mask> had a bone spur removed from his left elbow in October, and had surgery to repair a torn labrum in his left hip on March 17, 2008, following which he missed the entire 2008 season. Seattle Mariners

On December 10, , <mask> was one of seven players sent to the Seattle Mariners in a three-team trade between the Mets, Mariners, and the Cleveland Indians. <mask> was optioned down to the Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers on July 7, , to make roster room for Chris Shelton. On September 1 <mask> was called up to the Majors.He had been 4–3 with a 3.14 ERA in nine starts with Tacoma. In 2009 with Seattle he was 3–6 with a 4.91 ERA in 23 games, 14 of which were starts. <mask> started the 2010 Mariner season in the squad's starting rotation, and through June proved to be one of the most surprising success stories on the troubled Seattle team's roster. Through 14 starts he had posted a 6–2 record over 91.1 innings, with a 2.66 ERA, 60 strikeouts, and 23 walks. By the end of the season <mask> had thrown 192 innings over 31 starts, and posted a 9–12 record with a 3.78 ERA and 116 strikeouts. He kept left-handed batters to a .200 average, which was 9th-lowest in the American League. In 2011 he was 10–13 with a 4.25 ERA in 32 starts, and his three shutouts were 3rd in the league while his four complete games were 4th in the league, and his 13 losses were 7th in the league.In January 2012 the Mariners and <mask> agreed on a 1-year deal worth $4.85 million for the 2012 season. In July, <mask> went 5–0 in six starts, had an AL-best 1.64 ERA, and was named the AL Pitcher of the Month. For the season, he was 14–11 with a 3.85 ERA, his 33 starts were fourth in the league, and his 217.3 innings pitched were sixth in the American League, while his 35 home runs given up were second in the league. Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

On December 19, 2012, <mask> was traded to the Los Angeles Angels for first baseman Kendrys Morales. In May 2013 he was again AL Pitcher of the Month. In 2013, he was 9–8 with a 4.02 ERA in 24 starts, and his two shutouts and his three complete games were each 3rd in the league. Kansas City Royals
On November 21, 2013, <mask> signed a four-year, $32 million contract with the Kansas City Royals.He opened the 2014 season as the number three starter for the Royals and posted a career-best 3.71 ERA over 187 innings, as he was 11–10 in 30 starts. His 1.97 walks per 9.0 innings ratio tied for 10th in the American League, and was third-best among AL left-handers. On July 21, 2015, during a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, <mask> was forced to leave the game after throwing only 26 pitches, with an apparent injury to his throwing arm. The next day, <mask> was diagnosed with a torn UCL in his left elbow, forcing him to undergo Tommy John surgery and miss the remainder of the 2015 season and much of the 2016 season. For 2015, he was 5–2 with a 3.98 ERA in nine starts. Although his season ended prematurely before the Royals' World Series run in 2015, he did receive a World Series ring. On September 17, 2016, he made his first start following his recovery from surgery, against the Chicago White Sox.In 2016 he pitched only 12 innings, all of which were scoreless. The 2017 season was <mask>'s fourth year with the Kansas City Royals, and his first full season since undergoing Tommy John surgery. <mask> started strong, going 12–3 in the first half, and was named to the American League All Star team for the 2017 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. It was the first-ever All Star selection of his career. In the second half <mask> struggled, posting a 2–8 record, including a four-game losing streak. He rebounded, however, winning four straight decisions in the month of September, and in the process establishing a career-high for wins. <mask> finished the season with an 18–11 record and an ERA of 4.16 in 179.2 innings, with his 18 wins tied for the American League lead, and his 32 starts 9th in the league.He led major league pitchers in percent of balls pulled against him (48.8%). He also led all major league pitchers in changeup percentage (32.7%). On defense his 23 assists as a pitcher were 5th in the league, as his 1.60 range factor/9IP was 4th in the league and he fielded 1.000. Return to the Mets
On February 18, 2018, <mask> signed with the Mets for two years and $16 million, plus an $8 million option for a third year. On March 16, <mask> suffered a non-displaced fracture of the hamate bone in his right hand. He missed the first month of the season due to the broken right hand. On June 25, he was once again placed on the disabled list, with a calf injury.On August 29, he struck out his 1,000th batter becoming one of 16 active left-handers to reach that milestone. In 2018, he posted a 7–9  record with a 5.77 ERA in 20 starts. On June 23, 2019, <mask> threatened a Newsday reporter with bodily harm (i.e., being punched out) in the Mets locker room after a game against the Cubs. The following day <mask> was fined $10,000 by the Mets for his actions. At the time that he was traded in 2019, he was 6–5 with a 4.01 ERA for the Mets, in 19 games, 18 of which were starts. Philadelphia Phillies
On July 29, 2019, the Mets traded <mask> and $2.9 million to the Philadelphia Phillies for Double-A minor league catcher Austin Bossart. In 2019 with the Phillies, <mask> was 1–4 with a 5.37 ERA, and in 11 starts he pitched 55.1 innings.<mask> became a free agent following the season on November 4, 2019. Pitches
<mask> throws four pitches: a two-seam and four-seam 85 mph fastball, a 71 mph  curveball, and a 79 mph changeup. Personal life
<mask> married his high school sweetheart, Shelly. They have three children. References

External links

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masks:
Jason Matthew Vargas
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Jason Stokes
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<mask> (born August 7, 1954) is a Russian-born American endocrinologist. His research interests include mechanisms of insulin action in the ovary, endocrinological aspects of AIDS, and clinical outcomes in diabetes. He has authored over 100 publications and has served on the National Institutes of Health's review committees and on the editorial boards of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism and other endocrine journals. As of 2014 he is a professor of medicine at Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine in Hempstead, New York, and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York. Early life, career
<mask> was born on August 7, 1954 in Leningrad, Russian SSR. His mother, Nina, was a well known pediatrician from Bobruisk, Belarus who lived and worked in Leningrad. His father was a prominent engineer.<mask> graduated from First (Pavlov) Medical Institute in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg State Medical University), cum laude in 1977. He immigrated with his family to the United States in 1979. Upon completing his internal medicine residency program, he began a fellowship in endocrinology and metabolism at Boston’s Beth Israel Hospital (now Beth Israel/Deaconess Medical Center). He also completed a research fellowship in medicine at Harvard Medical School (1983–1985), where he was mentored by Dr. Jeffrey Flier. Beth Israel Medical Center
While at Beth Israel Medical Center (2000 - 2014), Dr. <mask> served as Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Vice-Chairman for Research, and Interim Chairman  in the Department of Medicine. He held the Gerald J. Friedman endowed chair in endocrinology and metabolism at Beth Israel Medical Center and was a founding director of the Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute. Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute is an education, clinical management and research program focused on diabetes which requires no insurance or physician referral.At the institute <mask> chairs the annual Friedman Fellows Symposia, which present the work of fellows from around the US supported by The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman New York Foundation for Medical Research. Lenox Hill Hospital

In September 2014, Dr<mask> joined the staff of Lenox Hill Hospital as its Chief of the Division of Endocrinology. He is leading the effort to develop academic and clinical programs. An endocrinology fellowship program was initiated in July 2016 and a new site for the Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital opened on August 1, 2016. Another specialized program in the division—Friedman Transgender Health and Wellness Program—opened in 2017. The division has numerous grants from philanthropic organizations, industry and government agencies (New York State Department of Health and the National Institutes of Health). Lenox Hill Hospital is a part of Northwell Health, formerly North Shore – LIJ Health System, a network of hospitals, nursing homes, a medical school, a nursing school, a medical research institute, ambulatory care centers, urgent care centers, a health insurance company, and laboratories.Dr<mask> has regularly appeared in the New York Times Magazine Best Doctors List and the U.S. News & World Report Best Doctors List. Publishing

Medical texts
<mask> has authored over 100 publications, and has served on the editorial board of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal of Diabetes, and other publications. He contributed to and edited the comprehensive textbook Principles of Diabetes Mellitus, which has been widely cited, and has gone through three editions so far (2002, 2010 and 2017). The book covers a wide range of topics on diabetes. In 2012 he edited Diabetes Mellitus: A Concise Clinical Guide, which covers "the basics of diagnosis, complications, therapies and prevention of diabetes." The book consists of sections originally published in the second edition of Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. He is also a series editor for “Contemporary Endocrinology”.(Springer, Inc.)

A comprehensive textbook "Transgender Medicine - Multidisciplinary Approach" co-edited by <mask> <mask>, MD and Wylie Hembree, MD was published in 2019 (Springer Publishers, Inc.)

Public policy
<mask> has been vocal in the media about how health care policy can affect patient care. In the 1990s he wrote a letter to the editor of New York Times concerning how Medicaid payment caps can limit physicians' availability to patients. In July 2012 he wrote an op-ed for Forbes which drew comparisons between the bureaucratic behavior of the American healthcare system and that of the Soviet Union's, which he says "collapsed under the weight of its own bureaucratic inefficiencies two decades ago." This article was followed by a scholarly publication on the subject entitled “The sovietization of American medicine:  Notes from the front lines”, which appeared in Journal in American Physicians and Surgeons, 2013. In 2013 he published a letter in the Wall Street Journal talking about inadequate methods used by the government to assess hospital performance and a letter regarding policy changes needed to reduce hospital readmissions. In 2017, he published a letter about Medicare being allowed to compete with private health insurance plans. In 2021 he was interviewed by USA today regarding transgender health care.Notable research

Insulin in the human ovary
While working as a research fellow at Harvard in the early 1980s, Poretsky became known for discovering, describing and characterizing insulin receptors in the human ovary. Before his research, the hormone insulin had been known to primarily regulate glucose and other fuel metabolism in the liver, fat, and muscle. His work established the ovary as a target for regulation by insulin, and introduced a new paradigm for the gonadotropic function of insulin. Poretsky had been researching the causes of hyperandrogenism (high level of male hormones and male features in females) in patients with extreme forms of insulin resistance, for example in people with insulin receptor gene mutations. Subsequently, <mask>’s work became important for understanding more common disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which affects up to 10% of reproductive age women and is associated with infertility and diabetes. Poretsky’s work helped lead to the use of insulin-sensitizing agents in patients with PCOS. Poretsky and his coworkers also characterized related receptors in the ovary (insulin-like growth factor receptors, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma), embarked on early studies of the newly discovered energy metabolism hormone irisin in reproduction, and conceptualized an insulin-related ovarian regulatory system.AIDS/HIV
Another line of <mask>'s research involved endocrine manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and includes an early review of endocrinological dysfunction in AIDS patients. Additionally, in 1987 <mask> was a key member of the team which described a condition called hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, which is characterized by deficiency of adrenal hormone aldosterone, in patients with AIDS. This discovery resulted in introduction of treatment with fludrocortisone, which proved to be extremely effective and almost immediately converted most patients with this condition from being unable to stand (because of a severe drop in blood pressure upon standing) to being mobile and more functional. Poretsky was also key in an early description of a type of inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis) which is caused by an opportunistic infection of the thyroid gland by an organism which had been known to infect only the lungs of patients with AIDS. However, Drucker et al published a case of thyroiditis due to pneumocystis infection the year before Poretsky. He also studied the metabolism of adrenal hormones cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clinical studies in diabetes
Poretsky’s other publications address a variety of subjects in diabetes and reproduction.Recent publications include an invited editorial in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in metabolic disease; a study of the potential new treatment for prevention of diabetic nephropathy (carried out in collaboration with investigators from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine); a review of the role of Vitamin D in human reproduction; and an editorial as well as a clinical research study on the problem of recurrent hospitalizations of patients with diabetes. In 2021 he has published on applications of modern glucose monitoring technology in hospitalized patients with diabetes during COVID 19 epidemic. References

External links
<mask> <mask>'s CV at the Friedman Diabetes Institute

Living people
1954 births
American endocrinologists
Harvard Medical School alumni
People from Saint Petersburg

masks:
Leonid Poretsky
Leonid Poretsky
Poretsky
Poretsky
Poretsky
. Poretsky
. Poretsky
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Leonid
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<mask> (born June 20, 1974) is an American singer/songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and touring folk musician from Reading, Massachusetts who earned a master's degree in evolutionary biology from the University of Massachusetts Amherst before pursuing a career in music. <mask> has released nine solo albums and three collaborative albums. His self-titled debut album was released in 1999, the same year that he won the Kerrville Folk Festival's New Folk Award. His first recording for the Signature Sounds label, Compass & Companion, spent ten weeks in the Top Ten on the Americana Chart. <mask> has worked as a side musician for singer songwriters  Lori McKenna and Josh Ritter. He has performed at various music festivals and shared the stage with John Hiatt, Dave Alvin, and Gillian Welch. <mask>'s song “People Look Around”, which he co-wrote with Catie Curtis,  was the Grand Prize winner at the 2005  International Songwriting Competition.His songs have been recorded by Ellis Paul, Vance Gilbert, Antje Duvekot, and Red Molly. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Boston and grew up in the town of Reading,  Massachusetts. <mask> performed in numerous high school musicals and founded the band, Freddie and Slip. Later he was a member of the band Organic Ice Cube and wrote his first song "Hell In the Sky" as a member of the band Dead Flowers (Greg Pothier, Scott Collins, Brian Moynihan, Kevin Larimore, Kris Tuscano, Chris Kerrigan Borning). <mask> was introduced to the music of Patty Larkin, Chris Smither, and other singer-songwriters by listening to  the radio station WBOS. He formed the <mask> Band and in 1997 released the album Long Way From Heaven. After attending the North East Folk Alliance Conference in 1997, <mask> signed a recording contract with Signature Sounds Recordings.He was awarded the Iguana Music Fund Fellowship award from Cambridge's Club Passim and used the proceeds to build a home studio. <mask> attended Bates College in Lewiston, Maine and in 1997 enrolled at the  University of Massachusetts Amherst where he obtained a master's degree in evolutionary biology in 1999. Career
<mask>'s self-titled debut CD was released on the Signature Sounds label in 1999. Produced by Lorne Entress, <mask> was backed by musicians Duke Levine, Kevin Barry, Jim Lamond, Dave Dick, Joe Barbato, Roger Williams, and Mike Dinallo and guest vocalists, Rani Arbo, Louise Taylor, and Ben Demerath. He later won the Kerrville Folk Festival's New Folk Award in the same year. The following year, <mask>'s sophomore recording for Signature Sounds, Compass & Companion was released. Again produced by Entress, it features a title-song duet with country artist Kelly Willis.Duke Levine and Kevin Barry once again lent support on guitar along with Dave Dick on banjo and Entress on the jaw harp and percussion. The album charted for ten weeks in the Top Ten of the Americana Music Chart. Later that year <mask> was nominated for two Boston Music Awards. <mask>'s next project was to forego the traditional studio and instead gather a group of musicians to play within the walls of the Civil War era Memorial Hall in Monson, Massachusetts. Over the course of four days in May 2001, <mask> sat down in a semi-circle on the stage of the hall with Lorne Entress, Joe Barbato, Kevin Barry, Jim Henry, and Jim Lamond. The recording machines were turned on and everything was captured over the next four days. The recording sessions were also captured on film and later aired as a documentary on PBS.In 2004, <mask> hooked up with Boston-based country band The Spurs to delve into the worlds of Western swing, country, and rockabilly with the release of Hillbilly Pilgrim. Erin McKeown is a guest vocalist on "Pretend." "For folk fans, this disc may take some getting used to, but its pleasures are many." <mask> co-produced, with Lorne Entress, his fifth Signature Sounds album Hope & Other Casualties, which was released in 2006. When <mask> was asked if it was a concept album, he said: "The country has been through a lot, since 2000 really. Before September 11, that election of 2000 was a major thing. So, all the songs come out of that context.If the songs seem related, they all come out of that context over the last four years and they’re all coming through my lens and how I’m looking at the world. They all, in kinda one way or another, deal with the issue of how do you keep on keepin’ on when things seem really grim." Sometimes viewed as his most political album, "Hope & Other Casualties" is "an attentive examination of current times interwoven with matters of the heart. His emotions straddle the ground between the personal and the political." Guest vocalists include Kris Delmhorst and Jeffrey Foucault. Hope & Other Casualties was voted the number one album of 2006 by WUMB radio member listeners. Innocent When You Dream, released in 2007, is a collection of lullabies and love songs, which features solo acoustic performances by <mask> as well as covers by Shawn Colvin, Townes Van Zandt, and others.Also in 2007, <mask> toured with Lori McKenna in support of Tim McGraw and Faith Hill on their Soul 2 Soul tour which included appearances on Good Morning America and at the Grand Ole Opry. Later that year <mask> invited fans to finance his next studio album - Delivered - referring to the project as a barn raising. The project succeeded and the 11-song album produced by Josh Ritter's bassist, Zack Hickman, was released in 2008. In his review of Delivered for The Huffington Post, entertainment writer Mike Ragogna said:"This is powerful stuff, and it's a shame that over the six or so albums <mask> has created, he hasn't grown into a more popular artist. But we all know about marketing challenges and how difficult it is these days to cut through the cacophony of TMZ-style stories our mainstream media prefers. As <mask> points out, nothing much has changed here. But as he also reminds us by that song's title, "Hope Dies Last."In 2009, <mask> was a member of Josh Ritter's band when Ritter opened shows for Ray Lamontagne in the United Kingdom. Tour dates included performances in Sheffield and the Royal Albert Hall in London. Little Vigils - again produced by Zack Hickman - was released in 2010. The title is taken from a line in the lead-off track "August." In the spring of 2014, <mask> announced a Kickstarter campaign to fund his Bill Morrissey tribute CD titled Milltowns. On June 26, 2014, <mask> announced that the Kickstarter campaign had exceeded his initial $20,000 goal with donations received from more than 400 supporters of the project. Milltowns was released on September 9, 2014.In her review for Folk Alley, Kim Ruehl wrote: "Milltowns doesn't come off as a covers record or a tribute album, though, so much as it does a thank-you note for the songs Morrissey put out into the world. With each performance, <mask> gives himself over to the song and seems to be simply following along and learning from where the song takes him. Backed by Sam Kassirer on piano, Charlie Rose on pedal steel and banjo, and Zack Hickman on upright bass, <mask> also welcomes backing vocals from the area's finest singers: Rose Cousins, Kris Delmhorst, Jeffrey Foucault, Anaïs Mitchell, Peter Mulvey, and Rose Polenzani." On January 4, 2016, <mask> announced a second Kickstarter campaign in support of For A Song - his first solo album of original material in six years. One month later, <mask> announced that the project was successfully funded, having raised more than $36K from 469 backers. For A Song was released on April 8, 2016. In a review of For A Song for No Depression, Red Line Roots compared <mask>'s songs to those of Paul Simon or Jackson Browne and went on to say: "For A Song reflects <mask>'s incredible craftsmanship.The arrangements are tight and spare, leaving plenty of room for his voice to convey the sincerity of each song." In CD HotList's Picks of the Month, Rick Anderson wrote that "The whole album is gorgeous and at times borders on heartbreaking." The week of April 25, 2016, For A Song was #34 on the Americana Music Association chart. Collaborations

Barnstar! Barnstar! is <mask>'s bluegrass band collaboration with father and son Taylor Armerding and Jake Armerding, Charlie Rose, and Zack Hickman. The band's debut release - C'mon!- was released in 2011. The album includes several well-known songs such as Neil Young's "Cowgirl in the Sand" and the Louvin Brothers' "Cash on the Barrelhead" as well as three songs penned by <mask>. The collaboration continued with the 2015 release of Sit Down! Get Up! Get Out!. In his review for The Boston Globe, Stuart Munro wrote that the release is "genre-bending music filled with jawdropping harmonizing, emotive ensemble playing, and a raucous immediacy." Seven Curses
In 2010, <mask> paired-up with Jeffrey Foucault to release Seven Curses: A Killer Selection of Americana Murder Ballads.Other than the closing track,"Wyoming Wind" written by <mask>, the collection of songs are covers. They include Woody Guthrie's "Philadelphia Lawyer," Bruce Springsteen's "Johnny 99," and Kevin "Blackie" Farrell's "Sonora's Death Row," to name three. "Whether sweet and mellow or raw and raucous sounding, this homicidal assortment is bleeding great!" Darwin Song Project
<mask> was chosen to join seven other songwriters in a songwriting retreat called the Darwin Song Project, one of many events that took place in 2009 to commemorate Charles Darwin's bicentennial. The event - organized by the Shrewsbury Folk Festival - took place in Darwin's hometown of Shrewsbury, England when the group of musicians gathered to write songs that "have a resonance and relevance to the life of Darwin." The other Darwin artists are Chris Wood, Karine Polwart, Rachael McShane, Jez Lowe, Stu Hanna, Krista Detor and Emily Smith. A concert at the Theatre Severn in March 2009 was recorded and later released as a live CD, and the artists reunited in August 2009 for a performance at the Shrewsbury Folk Festival.Discography
Studio Albums
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Record Label
|-
|2020
|Blindsided
|Self-released
|-
|2016
|For A Song
|Self-released
|-
|2015
|Sit Down! Get Up! Get Out! (with Barnstar!) |Self-released
|-
|2014
|Milltowns
|Hillbilly Pilgrim
|-
|2011
|C’Mon! (with Barnstar!)

masks:
Mark Erelli
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Erelli
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Mark Erelli
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Mark Erelli
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<mask>, 17th Marquis of Cerralbo (1845 – 1922), was a Spanish archaeologist and a Carlist politician. Family and youth

<mask> came from the aristocratic family for centuries residing in the Salamanca province; his ancestors can be traced back to the 14th century, and it was in 1533 when his forefather was named marquis by Carlos I. His father, <mask>, was the founder and director of the Gimnasio Real de Madrid (Casón del Buen Retiro) and became known as a promoter of physical exercises, supported with a number of machines he invented himself. Married to <mask>, the couple had 13 children. <mask> was first educated at the Madrid Colegio de las Escuelas Pías de San Fernando, later on to study Philosophy and Letters and Law at the Universidad Central. With the death of his father in 1867, <mask> as the oldest living son acquired the conde de Villalobos title, which ensured his place in the middle-range aristocracy and a comfortable financial status. His position changed dramatically in the early 1870s, when, following the childless death of his two paternal uncles and death of his paternal grandfather, <mask>, <mask> became the most senior male in line.He inherited the marquesado de Cerralbo, along with many other aristocratic titles, some of them ceded to his brothers. By virtue of the marquesado de Cerralbo and condado de Alcudia, he became a double grandee of Spain. <mask> inherited part of his grandfather's enormous wealth, including a number of estates in southern Leon, villa de Cerralbo and the San Boal palace in Salamanca. The heritage elevated <mask> into the highest ranks of the Spanish nobility and ensured lifetime opulence. He later multiplied his wealth by marriage, cautious investments on the stock exchange and in the railway business, and by inheriting part of the fortune of the marqués de Monroy, which allowed him to purchase new estates in Madrid, Santa María de Huerta and in Monroy. In 1871, <mask> married the mother of his university colleague, Manuela Inocencia Serrano <mask> from Valencia, thirty years his senior and widow of the military and senator <mask> <mask> Angelín; she brought into the family the children from her previous marriage. Immediately afterwards, the couple travelled extensively and started construction of the family residence in Madrid.In 1893, the family moved into the freshly-completed building at calle Ventura Rodríguez, designed in eclectic style by renowned architects and from the outset intended to be also an art gallery, very much like the private pinacotecas seen across Europe. The building – usually referred to as a palace – served later also as a prestigious venue of social meetings, reported the day after by the Madrid press, and a location for political assemblies. The couple had no issue. Early Carlist years

Though his paternal ancestors remained loyal to the Isabelinos, it was <mask>'s mother who influenced him towards Carlism, the leaning reinforced during the university years. According to himself always a Carlist, he joined the movement in 1869, the same year founding also the affiliated Juventud Catolica. As conde de Villalobos he unsuccessfully ran for the Cortes in 1871 from Ciudad Rodrigo, but obtained the mandate in the successive elections of 1872 from Ledesma. His service lasted only 2 months, since before the planned insurgency the claimant ordered his deputies to resign.There is no evidence that <mask> <mask> took part in the Third Carlist War and that he was exiled, though the issue is not entirely clear. In 1876 in Paris, already as marqués, he was introduced to Carlos VII. The two developed cordial relationship bordering personal friendship; <mask> turned out - along Solferino - one of two grandees who sided with Carlism and automatically became one of its most distinguished figures. Within Carlism <mask> tried to champion the religious cause, but he proved no match for Cándido Nocedal. The conflict grew when Nocedal was nominated Jefe Delegado in 1879, Nocedal opting for immovilismo and Cerralbo for aperturismo. Another issue was Nocedal's drive to emphasize the Catholic features at the expense of dynastical ones. As Carlos VII grew uncomfortable about power shifting away from his hands and as Nocedal's leadership caused grumblings among many Carlists, Cerralbo engaged in few attempts to outmaneuver him, but since they remained fruitless, he pondered upon withdrawing from politics.When Cándido Nocedal died in 1885 Cerralbo was widely rumored to succeed him, but Carlos VII decided to lead the movement personally. Quoting health reasons Cerralbo for some time distanced himself from Carlist politics, marked by further conflict between Ramón Nocedal and the pretender. By virtue of his grandeza he entered the Senate in 1885, where he was the only Carlist. In 1886 Cerralbo headed a makeshift Junta co-coordinating the Carlist electoral effort, though structures of the movement were increasingly paralyzed by conflict until the Nocedalistas were expelled in 1888. The same year Carlos VII decided to counter their El Siglo Futuro by ordering <mask> to create the official Carlist daily El Correo Español, which commenced his lifelong friendship with Juan Vázquez <mask>. De Cerralbo engaged in many other Carlist cultural initiatives. As royal representative he travelled across Spain in 1889-1890, a novelty in terms of mass mobilization; during some of these visits he was assaulted by the Republicans.Eventually, following other royal favors, in 1890 Cerralbo was nominated Jefe Delegado, receiving the claimant's political carte blanche. First tenure

Cerralbo's leadership was marked by conciliatory course towards political groupings of the Right, with intransigence reserved only for the Integrists, labeled traitors and rebels. He shifted focus from conspiracy to parliamentary activity, though the results obtained in elections of 1891 and 1893 were rather poor. Apparently aware of the forthcoming mass culture age, he worked to develop the Carlist propaganda machinery, introducing first attempts to co-ordinate the Carlist press, but including also a network of libraries and publishing houses, combined with other means of public activity like lectures, feasts, erecting monuments, setting up prizes and creating honorary member lists. A novelty in his propaganda was the systematic usage of images, as he arranged for portraits and photographs of Carlist leaders (including himself) to be printed in countless editions. He also tried to build economic foundations of the movement, issuing shares of various Carlist-controlled institutions. Perhaps the most important of <mask>'s achievements was building a nationwide Carlist organization, which transformed the movement from a 19th-century “party” of loosely organized leaders with their local following into a formal institutionalized structure.During his tenure there were some 2000 juntas and 300 circulos created. Though some of them existed only on paper and the organization was limited chiefly to Northern and Eastern Spain, Carlism became the most modern political party of the time, as two major partidos de turno remained rather electoral alliances, dormant between the polling periods. The transformation of Traditionalism under <mask> led many to label the movement “carlismo nuevo”. De Cerralbo, though not an ideologue himself, presided over the works on Acta de Loredán, the Carlist doctrinal statement released early 1897. The document confirmed the ultraconservative profile of Carlism and confirmed its commitment to religion, dynasty, and decentralized state, the relative novelties having been an effort to accommodate the social teaching of the Church and to lure back the Integrists by highlighting the principle of Catholic unity. As the crisis in Cuba mounted, the liberal press was repeatedly warning against a new Carlist insurgency, allegations usually refuted by Correo Español. Small Carlist groups indeed resolved to violence and <mask>bo tried to prevent the phenomenon.The pretender seemed decided not to weaken the country while at war with the United States, but the situation changed following the disastrous peace of 1898, as Carlos VII made some moves interpreted as preparation to another Carlist war. Cerralbo, widely considered the leader of the doves and confronted by the hawks like Llorens, was rumored to be dismissed soon. Quoting health reasons he left Spain and distanced himself from the conflict, finally handing his resignation as Jefe Delegado in late 1899. The notice was accepted by Carlos VII, who nominated Matías Barrio <mask> as the new political leader. Break in leadership

De Cerralbo left Spain mid-1900 and was absent during La Octubrada, the failed Carlist insurrection in Badalona of October 1900. Surprised by the coup he condemned it as premature, though in principle he did not exclude a violent action. He did not withdraw from the Senate.It is not clear whether <mask>, like many Carlist leaders, was expulsed from Spain, the only measure confirmed two police search raids on his Madrid residence. He returned early 1901 and resumed his duties in the Senate. His relationship with Carlos VII remained correct, but the two were getting more and more apart, especially following dismissal of <mask> <mask> (Cerralbo's friend) as the claimant's political secretary, and the growing influence of his second wife, Berthe <mask>. Cerralbo remained loyal to the pretender and his Jefe Delegado Barrio y Mier, taking part in Carlist initiatives and feasts of Madrid. He was also ready to enter Junta Central, the collective governing body designed but eventually abandoned in 1903. He forged a friendly relationship with the son of Carlos VII, Don Jaime, as the two shared historical and archaeological interests. Following the period of poor health and limited public activity, in mid-1900s <mask> increased his engagements becoming head of the Carlist parliamentary minority.When Matías Barrio died in 1909 <mask> was widely rumored to return to the Jefe Delegado position, but as one of his last political decisions Carlos VII nominated Bartolomé Feliú Perez instead, the move welcomed by some and protested by the others. Second Tenure

The 1909 death of Carlos VII turned political fortunes of <mask>, who consulted by the new claimant Don Jaime advised that as a Carlist king he should adopt the name of Jaime III. Many distinguished Carlists pressed the pretender to dismiss Feliú and re-appoint Cerralbo. The claimant bowed to the pressure in 1912, creating a collective governing body, Junta Superior Central Tradicionalista, with <mask> as its president. A number of authors claim that <mask> was the de facto Jefe Delegado and the press, like many contemporaries, presented him as such. The competitive theory maintains that <mask>, sensing the forthcoming clash with Don Jaime, assumed that aging and sick Cerralbo, his old-time friend, would be easier to manipulate; some claim that following the appointment it was actually <mask> who was running the party. De Cerralbo returned to his conciliatory policy towards other conservative parties; he also resumed tours across Spain, and re-organized the party by creating 10 commissions.A novelty in party tactics was an attempt to emphasize its public presence by organizing romerías, aplecs and pilgrimages, also abroad. It was during his second tenure that Requete was born, shaped by Llorens as the paramilitary organization. De Cerralbo remained perfectly loyal

masks: Francisco de Asís de Aguilera y Becerril


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 to the claimant, though Don Jaime was increasingly uneasy about the growing position of <mask>la, which led to clashes related to management of Correo Español. As the European war broke out in 1914 <mask> favored Spanish neutrality, though he sympathized with the Central Powers, considering their monarchical model closer to Carlist ideal and traditionally opposing Great Britain, viewed as arch-enemy of Spain. He had to face a hard task of maintaining Carlist unity, as some in the movement, including the claimant himself, favored the Allies. Another dispute <mask> had to defuse took place in Catalonia and was related to politics towards local nationalism, resulting in Miquel <mask>nt i Rovira appointed the local jefe. The most difficult issue, however, was the growing conflict between <mask> and Jaime III.Unable to sort out the loyalty dilemma, plagued by health problems and embittered by attacks of his former friends, in the spring of 1918 <mask> quoted health reasons and resigned. When the Mellistas broke away in 1919, De Cerralbo, already outside the Carlist leadership, did not take a clear stand; instead, he withdrew from politics altogether. Though Don Jaime refrained from open criticism, privately he did not spare <mask> harsh words, repeated in public by other prominent Jaimistas; it was <mask> who spoke in his defense. Cerralbo did not take part in the 1919 Magna Junta de Biarritz, a congregation entrusted with marking the future direction of Carlism. His last public nomination was appointment to alcalde of the Madrid district of Argüelles in 1920. Archaeologist and historian

Since his university days <mask> has developed keen interest in culture and history; his first encounter with archaeology took place in the Madrid site of Ciempozuelos in 1895. He started to collect objects retrieved from various demolitions and organized archeological excavations himself: the first ones were those in upper Jalón valley, commenced in 1908.His key success was discovery of the Celtiberian site of Arcóbriga, listed as Arcobrigensis in the Roman sources and sought by generations from the 16th century; based on multi-faceted analysis Cerralbo correctly narrowed the search area and discovered the site, where excavations were to continue for tens of years to come. In 1909, following numerous notes about odd findings, he commenced excavations in Torralba del Moral and Ambrona, continued until 1916,  at that time considered the most ancient human settling discovered so far in Europe. El hombre fossil by Hugo Obermaier (1916), a paleontological reference book for generations, was partially based on <mask>'s findings. Remained a promoter, sponsor, director and assessor on many other sites. Though <mask>'s excavation methodology is now considered outdated, he introduced new techniques like photography both on site and in laboratory or complex indexing methods. He co-operated with specialists like geologists, cartoonists, historians, engineers, photographers or paleontologists, sharing discoveries on many scientific fora. Cerralbo became member of many scientific institutions.He was visited in Madrid and Soria by a number of world-class archaeologists. In 1912 he was recognized for 5 volumes of his monumental Páginas de la Historia Patria por mis excavaciones arqueológicas  by Premio Internacional Martorell and applauded for his work on Torralba by International Congress of Anthropology and Archaeology in Geneva the same year. He was invited by the Ministry of Education to work on new law on excavations, which, adopted in 1911, prevented objects from being taken out of the country and created Junta Superior de Excavaciones y Antigüedades y Comisión de Investigaciones Paleontológicas y Prehistóricas. Headed a number of archaeological institutions himself. Published studies on María Henríquez <mask>, archbishop Rodrigo Ximénez <mask>da and the Santa María de Huerta monastery. In 1908 he entered Real Academia de Historia (invitation pending since 1898), to join Real Academia Española in 1913. Before his death <mask> donated part of his archeological collection to museums.Hobbyist, collector, man of culture

From youth <mask> contributed to Madrid periodicals, like Fomento Literario and La Ilustración Católica. Active in La Alborada, a literary society founded by the son of his wife <mask> Valle, he authored small pieces of prose and poetry; his El Arco Romano de Medinaceli has even made it to a contemporary Spanish poetry anthology. His style, like this demonstrated in Leyenda de Amor, merged classical perfection of verse with romantic sentiment, appealing to contemporary taste though nowadays probably looking banal and bombastic. Spending much time in his preferred rural residence in Santa María de Huerta, <mask> practiced gardening and farming, in particular horse breeding. He attempted to create a new lineage, a mixture of a pure English and a pure Spanish breed; in 1882 his yeguada won Primer Premio at the Madrid Exhibition, in 1902 his horses won prizes in Madrid and in Barcelona. Since his childhood <mask> was infected by coleccionismo, initially focused on numismatics, but gradually broadened to collecting paintings, arms, armor, porcelain and ceramics, rugs, tapestries and curtains, marbles, watches, lamps, sculptures, furniture, candles, drawings, rare books, stamps and other  antiquities. A tireless collectables hunter, Cerralbo traced them at auctions, antiquities shops and museums across Europe, purchasing also entire assortments from other people.He amassed around 28,000 objects, his collection considered one of the most complete in Spain at the time. The contemporary press dubbed him El marqués coleccionista, though his zeal was popular among the wealthy bourgeoisies. Before his death <mask> set up Fundación Museo Cerralbo, which displays most of the objects until today. The collection remains a good example of the 19th century private collecting passion, somewhat undisciplined but delivering a sense of search for beauty and, possibly, quality of life. In contemporary guidebooks the place is referred to as “a study in 19th-century opulence”, jammed with “fruits of the collector’s eclectic meanderings”. Legacy

De Cerralbo is credited for his archaeological contribution, consisting mostly of some key discoveries and introduction of modern excavation methods. As a politician he is praised for employing new means of public mobilization and for conciliatory strategy, rather atypical for Carlism.Finally, he is recognized as benefactor who donated part of his collection to public museums and who founded a museum himself. The critics note that he adhered to backward ideology and refused to take sides during the moments of crisis (Third Carlist War, nocedalista conflict, La Octubrada, Mellist schism), quoting poor health as an excuse. They play down his collection as a chaotic and banal means of venting off his wealth. He is charged with turning archeology into a vehicle of pursuing a nationalist discourse. Finally, some indicate that <mask> formed part of the oligarchy responsible for archaic social and economic conditions of Spain, also personally taking advantage of his privileged position versus the poor. See also
 Carlism
 Restoration (Spain)
 Electoral Carlism (Restoration)
 Carlos VII
 Jaime III
 Cerralbo Museum
 Archaeology

Footnotes

Further reading
 Historia del Museo y su Fundador, [in:] Museo Cerralbo website
 Juan Ramón <mask> Martín, El caso Feliú y el dominio de Mella en el partido carlista en el período 1909–1912, [in:] Historia contemporánea 10 (1997),
 Juan Ramón <mask> Martín, El cisma mellista. Historia de una ambición política, Madrid 2000,
 Jordi Canal i Morell, Banderas blancas, boinas rojas: una historia política del carlismo, 1876-1939, Madrid 2006, , 9788496467347
 Jordi Canal i Morell, La revitalización política del carlismo a fines del siglo XIX: los viajes de propaganda del Marqués de Cerralbo, [in:] Studia Zamorensia 3 (1996), pp.233–272
 Agustín <mask>, El marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922): biografía politica [PhD thesis], Madrid 2012
 Agustín <mask>, El marqués de Cerralbo. Una vida entre el carlismo y la arqueología, Madrid 2015,
 Agustín <mask>, El XVII Marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Iglesia y carlismo, distintas formas de ver el XIII Centenario de la Unidad Católica, [in:] Studium: Revista de humanidades, 18 (2012) , pp. 125–154
 Agustín <mask>dero, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Primera parte de la historia de un noble carlista, desde 1869 hasta 1900, [in:] Ab Initio: Revista digital para estudiantes de Historia, 2  (2011),
 Agustín <mask>cudero, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Segunda parte de la historia de un noble carlista, desde 1900 hasta 1922, [in:] Ab Initio: Revista digital para estudiantes de Historia, 4 (2011),
 Carmen Jiménez Sanz, Las investigaciones del Marqués de Cerralbo en el «Cerro Villar» de Monreal de Ariza: Arcobriga, [in:] Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología, t. 11, 1998, pp. 211–221
 Maria Ángeles Granados Ortega, Don <mask> de Aguilera y Gamboa (1845-1922), XVII marqués de Cerralbo, [in:] Museo Cerrabo, Guida Breve
 Guadalupe Moreno López, El archivo de <mask> <mask> Benlloch, <mask> de Beroldingen Geyr, El legado de un mecenas: pintura española del Museo Marqués de Cerralbo, Madrid 1998, , 9788489162976
 Pilar <mask> Benlloch, El XVII Marqués de Cerralbo y su aportación a la arqueología española, [in:] Gloria Mora, Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Margarita Díaz-Andreu García (eds. ), La cristalización del pasado: Génesis y desarrollo del marco institucional de la Arqueología en España, Málaga 1997, , 9788474966473, pp. 507–513
 Pilar <mask> Benlloch, Carmen Jiménez Sanz, El Marqués de Cerralbo, Madrid 1998, , 9788481813432
 Consuelo Sanz-Pastor y <mask> de Pierola, El marqués de Cerralbo, político carlista, [in:] Revista de Archivos Bibliotecas y Museos  LXXVI, 1/1973, pp. 231–270
 Carmen Jiménez Sanz, Pioneros: <mask> Aguilera y Gamboa, Marqués de Cerralbo, [in:]  Revista de Arqueología, 182, 1996, pp. 52–57
 María Luisa Cerdeño Serrano, Magdalena Barril Vicente, El Marqués de Cerralbo: un aficionado que se institucionaliza, [in:] Gloria Mora, Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Margarita Díaz-Andreu García (eds. ), La cristalización del pasado: Génesis y desarrollo del marco institucional de la Arqueología en España, Málaga 1997, , 9788474966473, pp.515–527
 Eduardo Valero, El marqués coleccionista, [in:] Historia urbana de Madrid website

External links

 Cerralbo at the website of Spanish Senate
 Agustín <mask>scudero. El marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Biografía política
 Agustín <mask>, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922) Primera parte
 Agustín <mask>, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922) Segunda parte
 Agustín <mask>, Cerralbo, church and carlism
 Carmen Jiménez Sanz, Las investigaciones del Marqués de Cerralbo en el «Cerro Villar» de Monreal de Ariza: Arcobriga
 El marques coleccionista at Historia Urbana de Madrid
 marquesado de Cerralbo
 family tree at geneanet
 family tree at geneallnet
 Museo Cerralbo official site
 contemporary Carlist propaganda (video); Cerralbo at 2:41 (standing)

1845 births
1922 deaths
Politicians from Madrid
Spanish Roman Catholics
Marquesses of Spain
Carlists
Members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the Senate of Spain
Leaders of political parties in Spain
Spanish archaeologists
Spanish male poets
20th-century Spanish poets
20th-century

masks:
de Mel
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
Junye
de Mella
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Mella
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Toledo
de Ra
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
Antonio del
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Andrés
de Andrés
Fernández Escudero
Fernández Escudero
Fernández Escudero
Fernández Escu
Fernández Es
Enrique
Enriquelar
decués
Cristina Conde
de Nacués
de Nacués
Fernández
Enrique de
Fernández E
Fernández Eso
Fernández Eo
Fernández Eo


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Alhaji (Dr) <mask> (born in 1900 in Musawa, Katsina State, Nigeria, died on 18 June 1999) was a Nigerian singer. He was a well-known griot/musician among the Hausa people of West Africa. His vocals were often accompanied by talking drums, known as kalangu. He performed for the Hausa people of Northern Nigeria and even non-Hausas for more than half a century. Early life
<mask> was born to a family of  Fulani tribe. His mother, Lariya, was a Fulata-Borno, the Fulani people who migrated from the Borno Empire after the Fulani Jihad of 1804 and settled in parts of Hausaland. She was born in Tofa town in the Kano Emirate and met <mask>'s father, Ibrahim Yaro, when she went to visit a relative in Musawa.Subsequently, they got married. Lariya had a son, Ali, from a previous marriage and had two children with Yaro, <mask> Shata and his sister Yalwa. Ibrahim Yaro was also of the Fulani ethnic group. His own ancestors came from Sanyinna in the Sokoto area. They had migrated to the Katsina area and settled in the forests around the present Musawa area. They were credited with the founding of Musawa itself, with Musa, their head, founding a small settlement that was subsequently named after him. Shata went to an Islamic school in Musawa as a boy, according to Hausa Muslim tradition.Musawa village was under the Katsina Native Authority (N.A.) when Shata was born. When the Local Governments were created it came under Kankia Local Government. Today, Musawa is a Local Government Area of its own in Katsina State. Ibrahim Yaro did not want his son to become a musician due to widely held belief that music or praise-singing was a form of 'roko' or begging. His father, being a Fulani man, wanted the young Shata to become a farmer or a trader, either of which was a more dignified occupation. Shata's insistence on becoming a musician was therefore seen as a rebellion against the norm.Music career
<mask> <mask> acquired his sobriquet of 'Shata' from a man called Baba Salamu, a relative of his. Shata as a young man was engaged in selling kola nuts and after the sale he would share the profit to people he met on his way home or in the market and came back empty handed. Whenever he was asked what he did with the money he made, he would answer, "Na yi shata da su," i.e. he had given it away. As a result, Baba Salamu started calling him 'Mai-Shata', meaning one who fritters away his gains. Later, Shata went into the trade of selling sweets ('alewa'). Shata began singing with other youth for fun at the village square ("dandali") after the evening meal.His prowess grew until he outshone the other youngsters. But he was doing that not for any monetary gain; it was merely a vocation for the youngsters. Later he abandoned both the sweets-selling trade and embraced music or praise-singing full-time. This vocation took him to many villages in the Musawa area. Finally, he settled in Bakori after his benefactor, Abdullahi Inde, a prince of Musawa who was working there as a Native Authority official in charge of buying cotton and groundnuts, asked him to move other there. In Bakori, Shata married his first wife, Iya, whose real name was Binta. They had a daughter, Amina, who died in infancy.From his base in Bakori, <mask> traveled with his band to places as far away as Katsina, Sokoto and Kano, which he first visited in the late '40s. In 1952 his stardom began to manifest in Kano after he performed at a wedding party known as "Bikin 'Yan Sarki" (Wedding of the Princes) where some 12 notable Kano princes married. In 1960 he moved to Funtua, a more cosmopolitan town not far from Bakori. Shata made Funtua his home for about forty years - up until his death. <mask> <mask> was one of the best selling Polygram artistes from the north from the 1950s up till the 1980s. He was a highly respected folklorist. He spent about 50–60 years in the music industry.<mask> could not recall or remember the number of songs he produced, but they are believed to be in thousands. Many of his songs, especially those he produced in his teens, were not recorded. He visited many countries, especially in West Africa. Outside the continent he was in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj pilgrimage but he also visited the United Kingdom, France and the United States of America. <mask> was famed to have sung for every topic under the Hausa land's sun: agriculture, culture, religion, economy, politics, military, morality and etiquettes, animals, trade, etc. He received many awards, including those from the Federal Government (which gave him the Member of the Order of the Niger, MON), the Performing Musicians Association of Nigeria (PMAN), the Kano State Government, the U.S. Embassy in Nigeria, University of California, Los Angeles, an honorary doctorate degree by Ahmadu Bello University in recognition of his contribution to both national development and letters, and a posthumous Millennium Award from the government of Goodluck Jonathan. His relationship with other musicians was mixed.He had serious disagreements with some, such as Ahmadu Doka, Mammalo <mask> and Musa Danbade, but generally he maintained a cordial relationship with most singers, who regarded him as a leader. Some of his notable benefactors were the Emir of Katsina, Alhaji Usman Nagogo, the Emir of Daura, Alhaji Muhammadu Bashar, Mammada Dan Sambo, Emir of Kano, Alhaji Ado Bayero; Sultan of Sokoto, Muhammadu Maccido; Jarma of Kano, Alhaji Muhammadu Adamu Dankabo; and Emir of Zazzau, Alhaji Shehu Idris. Political career
<mask> participated actively in partisan politics throughout his life. His politics was largely left-wing even though his benefactors (the royal and the business classes) were mostly on the right. He ascribed this to his humble background. In the First Republic in the 1950s he aligned himself to the left-wing NEPU as opposed to the right-wing NPC of Sir Ahmadu Bello and the emirs. He replicated that in later years.In the 1970s, he won an election, becoming a Councillor under Kankia Local Government Area of the then Kaduna State. In the Second Republic (in the '80s) he was first in the centre-of-right GNPP and then moved to the conservative ruling party, the NPN. In the Third Republic he was elected as the chairman of SDP in Funtua Local Government Area, a position from which he was impeached due to his left-wing character and brush with the party's main benefactor in Katsina State, retired Major-General Shehu Musa Yar'Adua. Shata did not participate much in the politics that ushered in the civilian government of Chief Olusegun Obasanjo in 1999 due to ill-health. Death
Alhaji <mask> suffered a debilitating illness that made him to be hospitalised in Kano and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. After some relief following an operation on his urethra in Jeddah, he was hospitalised in the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, where he died on Friday, 18 June 1999. He was survived by three wives (Furera, Hadiza, and Binta), 19 children, and 28 grandchildren.He was buried that day in Daura, the city of his benefactor, Emir Muhammadu Bashar, who attended the funeral. In his lifetime, <mask> had married many other women and divorced them, some with children between them. Amina, the third of his wives when he died, never gave birth even though she lived with him for more than 10 years. References

Further reading

1923 births
1999 deaths
Date of birth missing
Hausa people
Nigerian male musicians
Nigerian politicians
People from Katsina State
Griots
Hausa-language singers
20th-century male musicians

masks:
Mamman Shata
Mamman Shata
Shata
Mamman
Mamman
Shata
Shata
Mamman
Shata
Shata
Shata
Shata
Shata
Shata
Shata


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<mask> (3 September 1891–8 December 1937) was a British dancer, choreographer, actor, producer, writer, and director of comedy, musical theatre and film. He was noted for his versatility. His many London West End theatre appearances and films included a long association with fellow thespian Stanley Lupino. He was married to the actress Phyllis Monkman. He died in 1937 after a period of ill health. Birth and launch of career
Born <mask> on 3 September 1891 in Bristol, <mask> first toured in British, Australian, and American variety. US Vaudeville work

1907-8
In his early career, <mask> toured the US extensively in vaudeville, much of it on the Orpheum circuit.He made his debut at New York's Colonial Theatre on 30 December 1907. A review in the New York Dramatic Mirror of his 2 January performance praised his talent and anticipated his popularity: he was suffering from hoarseness and had to cut out some of his songs. He did enough, however, to prove that he is an exceptionally clever youngster. He managed to talk and act two comic songs in a distinctly pleasing way, and as for his dancing, it completely brought down the house. He has a terpsichorean method entirely original, and almost every eccentric move he made brought a hearty laugh . . . he is certain to find plenty of appreciation in America. On the 5th, the New York Daily Tribune reported that, at the Alhambra, "<mask> <mask>, the English boy performer, who was cordially received at the Colonial last week, will be on the bill.He has a pleasing voice and he dances well." 1909-1910
On 30 Jan 1909, the Montreal Gazette anticipated <mask> <mask>'s "clever offering":  "This little fellow is accounted one of the best English eccentric dancers of the stage." The Harvard Crimson reported that "<mask> <mask>, English boy dancing comedian" would entertain Harvard's 1910 "pop night" on 8 March in the Living Room of the Union. In early June he headlined at the Orpheum in Spokane, Washington and was reviewed as superior, original and appealing: As a monologist, <mask> <mask> . . . is above the standard of the one-man act. He presents something original in his dancing and does not tire the audience with a long string of talk. The parting of lovers at the seaside pleases the listener."From 14-20 June he was headlining at the Orpheum in Portland, Oregon, and appreciated as "a comedian of no small ability. He sang and danced well." In Gerald Vizenor's historical novel, Blue Ravens, set in Minneapolis, <mask> appears on the Orpheum Theatre programme as "Master <mask> <mask> . . . England's famous little Comedian and Grotesque Dancer". A review in San Francisco Call  on 28 June 1909 hails him as a 17-year-old with "eloquent legs", identifying him as "the star of the show", whose "terpsichorean art wins much applause from Play Goers"   His skill and individuality were highlighted: <mask> <mask> won the honors....His songs and his dances are hot from the pavements of London. I should say, and he told us . . . that when he went back to England he'd tell the King [George V] about the reception he got.He is grotesque as a dancer, unusual as a singer and quite inimitable in all ways. <mask> <mask> was named by Martin Beck in  the San Francisco Call of 11 September 1909 as one of the "stars which will twinkle over the Orpheum Circuit", specially scouted in Europe for the 1910-11 season. In May 1910 he was exhausted enough to need a break back in England, as Variety reports from Chicago on 4 May: "<mask> <mask> will sail for his English home to obtain a rest, following the boy's appearance on the opening bill of Dave Robinson's Brighton Theatre, week May 16." 1911-1913 - stardom
By 1911, <mask> <mask> was well established. His return to F.F. Proctor's Fifth Avenue Theatre was keenly anticipated:  <mask> <mask> is back, with the springs in his legs still in tip-top order. Laddie always gets a big welcome here, for he has played this house so often that his patrons have come to know him well.He has songs that are up to the minute, and a characteristic manner of delivering them that is more than half the battle. But his dancing is the real thing. In 1913, he is one of the artists mentioned in the Player'''s section "Big Time Vaudeville Around New York". He is in a "particularly pleasing bill" at the Victoria theatre and "scoring his usual success". First marriage, property in US, and leaving the US to enlist - 1913-1916
By around 1913 <mask> had become rich enough to buy property in New York State, and a couple of years later he married a fellow vaudeville dancer, Maybelle (also spelled Mabel and Maybell) Parker. The marriage probably took place in the summer of 1915. During  mid-September 1915, they performed together at New York's Palace Theatre.On Saturday 11th they were flagged among "Stage and Screen Players to Be Seen Next Week" in The Evening World as "Laddie <mask>...comedian, assisted by Maybelle Parker". The next week, on Tuesday 14 September, The Sun reports them starring as "Mr and Mrs Laddie <mask>". The New York Clipper reviewed them on Saturday 18th:LADDIE CLIFF, assisted by MAYBELLE PARKER, captured the hit of the first portion of the program. <mask>'s excellent dancing and his rendition of several exclusive songs, and the piano playing of Miss Parker puts this act in a class by itself. In 1916 he decided to leave the US to return to England and enlist:<mask> <mask>, the English comedian, has announced that he is going back to his native land to enlist. <mask>, who came to this country as a boy comedian seven or eight years ago, has been a great favorite here and, in fact, is much better known in America than be is in England. He is the owner of various pieces of American property and his bride of about a year, Maybell Parker, is an American girl.His friends have known, however, that he has felt very keenly the criticisms in some professional quarters regarding the number of English actors in this country, and although his associates explained that the criticisms were not directed against Englishmen who had become as Americanized as he, the young comedian felt that the best way to prove his love for his mother country was to fight for it. <mask> had bought a farm on North Plank Road in Port Jervis, N.Y., and the announcement on 29 September, 1916, that it had been sold was carried in The New York Clipper of the same day:LADDIE CLIFF SELLS FARMPort Jervis, N.Y., Sept 29. — Announcement was made today of the sale of the farm of <mask> <mask>, vaudeville Star, who is shortly to sail for England to join the British army aviation corps. It was purchased by Dr. William E. Barth, of Newburgh.<mask> <mask> is really <mask>n <mask> [sic], but he has always been called <mask> and assumed this name on the stage. About three years ago he purchased a place on the North Plank road, about three miles from the city, and has spent considerable time there. The marriage to Maybelle Parker did not last and she lived in England until 1941. The London stage
<mask>'s acclaimed "extraordinary dancing"  as a bespectacled comic in the London musical Three Little Widows resulted in his being engaged to choreograph André Charlot's The Wild Geese and put him on the road to stardom.He subsequently appeared in the revue Pins and Needles (1921). As a performer, <mask> was the first to sing "Swanee" on the London stage,  in Albert de Courville's London Hippodrome revue Jig-Saw! (1920), and appears on the original sheet music of the song. <mask> subsequently became a producer and director. He choreographed George Gershwin's Primrose at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1924, working alongside George Grossmith who co-wrote the book, produced and staged the show. As one of the most popular performers on the London stage, his many other West End hits included
 The Co-Optimists (1921)
 Tip-Toes (1926) - the London production of the Gershwin musical. Lady Luck (1927)
 So This Is Love (1928)
 Love Lies (1929)
 The Millionaire Kid (1931)
 Sporting Love (1934)
 Over She Goes (1936)  (a role he recreated in the film version)

<mask> <mask> had to leave the cast of Crazy Days (1937) owing to illness and was replaced by Leo Franklyn.He died later that year. Selected filmography
 The Card (1922)
 The Co-Optimists (1929)
 Sleeping Car (1933)
 Happy (1933)
 Over She Goes (1937)
 Sporting Love (1937)

Burglary at London residence in 1928
On 22 November 1928, Australia's Western Mail reported a burglary at the London home of <mask> <mask> and his wife Phyllis Monkman. He was onstage at the time, and the burglary was discovered by Monkman. The event inspired a song.BURLARY INSPIRES SONGThieves who broke into the St John's Wood (London) home of Mr. <mask> <mask>, who is playing in "So This Is Love" at the Winter Garden Theatre, inspired a new song for one of the actor's productions.It is entitled "Don't leave your jemmy on the door," for that is what the thieves did.Mr <mask> was at the theatre, and the burglary was discovered by Miss Phyllis Monkman, his wife, who found the door splintered opened and a jemmy nearby.The thieves had ransacked the house and stolen a gold cigarette case inscribed from "David to Laddie," a blue enamelled dress watch inscribed "To Laddie from his Friar friends: Aug, 4, 1916," and other property, including a fur coat. References

Bibliography
 Kurt Gänzl. The Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre: A-Gi''. Schirmer Books, 2001.External links

1891 births
1937 deaths
English male film actors
English male stage actors
Male actors from Oxfordshire
People from Oxford

masks:
Laddie Cliff
Clifford Albyn Perry
Laddie Cliff
Laddie Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Master Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
Laddie
Laddie
Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Clifford Alby
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Laddie
Cliff
Cliff