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<mask> (1811–1889) was a pastoralist in Western Australia. Between 1840 and 1888, he was a resident magistrate, serving in the towns of Williams, Toodyay, Busselton and Kojonup. Early life

<mask> was born on 23 November 1811 to Dr <mask> and Lucy ( <mask>). In 1833, he arrived with his parents at Fremantle on the Cygnet, and moved to Guildford. Drover and pastoralist

In 1838 he was contracted to deliver mail from Albany to Perth, and in 1839 pioneered the droving of sheep from Albany to the Avon and Swan districts. He also drove stock from Swan to York, although losing many of them to poison. By 1839, <mask> was a pastoralist at the farming town of Williams.While based there he met with the botanist James Drummond who was on one of his collecting expeditions from his home Hawthornden in Toodyay. The men shared an interest in the causes of stock poisoning and conducted experiments with the known poison plants in the region. Resident magistrate

In 1840 <mask> was appointed acting resident magistrate in Williams, then resident magistrate in Toodyay from 1850 until early 1861 when he was transferred to Busselton. He also served at Kojonup for a time. Although known for his sociability, <mask> was regarded as an "eccentric, tactless man, unpopular with people in authority for the unsolicited advice he offered, on subjects ranging from roadmaking to Aboriginal farm settlements, and from mail routes to commercial hunting of kangaroos". However, as a former pastoralist and drover, <mask> must have gained practical experience about some of these matters before becoming involved with government bureaucracy. Toodyay

<mask> arrived in Toodyay in August 1850 following the death of the previous resident magistrate, Frederick Slade.Slade and those before him had been retired naval or army officers who had been granted large tracts of land in lieu of a pension. Their role was to represent the law and provide annual reports about the district to the colonial secretary. Initially, while the population was relatively small, the workload was light and business was conducted from home. When <mask> arrived he found there was no residence for the magistrate so he had to stay in one of the wayside inns. This was the cause of one of his early altercations with the locals. He found these establishments lacking suitable accommodation for travellers, so on 30 December, the day licenses were renewed and when the locals came to town to celebrate the end of the year, he refused to grant the inn owners their license to trade. This resulted in an uproar, with a petition circulated on New Year's Day refuting his claims.<mask> rented a cottage from James Drummond Jnr of Hawthornden, and as his workload increased he engaged John Acton Wroth as his secretary and clerk in court. In June 1850 convicts had begun arriving in the Swan River Colony and were despatched to the rural settlements, including Toodyay, where a temporary hiring depot were set up in what is now West Toodyay. <mask> was charged with finding a suitable place for a permanent convict hiring depot, and in 1852 a site was selected  upstream from the town. As <mask> settled into his role and was able to assess local conditions he reported back to the colonial government with suggestions for improvements. This included the need for a better route to Toodyay to avoid the steep descent at Jimperding. A new route was eventually surveyed that passed through the depot site before heading to the Toodyay settlement. Originally called New Road, it was renamed Stirling Terrace after the new town of Newcastle, gazetted in 1860, was established around the convict depot.Some of <mask>'s proposals to the government related to bushfire control. This was a necessity given the destructive fires that regularly occurred during the hot dry summer season. After a particularly destructive bushfire in November 1850, <mask> wanted an Act of Council that would require settlers to create firebreaks around their properties and along the lines of roads, whether public or private; and to compel settlers to provide assistance to their neighbours if there was a fire within two or three miles of their property. Failure to help would incur a heavy fine. Another initiative was a fire brigade, made up of ticket-of-leave holders and Aboriginals, that could be hired from the depot. The brigade received rations and a small monthly allowance from the government. When there were no destructive fires during the 1852–53 summer <mask> reported that "the warm and well clothed appearance of the country now, as compared to its blackened face three years back, ought to be convincing proof of the utility of the Fire Brigade."The following year Governor Charles Fitzgerald ended the contribution, as a cost-cutting measure and because of concern settlers in other towns might want to set up fire brigades requiring government support. As the government had assigned extra police to the Toodyay and Northam area, it instructed that daily bushfire patrols were to be added to their duties in summer, including the apprehension of anyone found deliberately lighting a fire. There were bad feelings between the police and <mask>, and when a huge bushfire broke out and burnt a large swathe of countryside from Northam to Bolgart (a settlement north of Toodyay), the police made no attempt to find the culprit. After this <mask> gained permission for the convicts at the depot to be called out to fight fires. After the devastation of the 1856 Coondle bushfire, local fire-fighting teams were organised by the leading settlers in the district. <mask> was president of the Toodyay, Northam & Victoria Plains Agricultural Society. While resident magistrates were expected to contribute their time to local boards and organisations, they were also required to be generous subscribers to the development of their district.<mask> had limited means and found this a drain on his income. He sought a government allowance to cover these expenses citing examples such as  "£5 to the school, £5 to the exploration fund, and £1 to the purchase of the cemetery land at 'Nardie. Other subscriptions were in the wings for the parsonage, the public library and the services of a doctor. Busselton

In 1861 <mask> was transferred to Busselton, his last posting as a resident magistrate. He had a number of disputes with the Town Trust members and its chairman, David Earnshaw, over the new Queen Street (Busselton's main thoroughfare), and organised the volunteer effort responsible for planting the street's picturesque avenue of peppermint trees. He proposed the laying of the main road from Busselton to Bridgetown. When he retired in 1888, a profile written by the Busselton correspondent for the Western Mail indicates <mask>'s personality and style of governing had not changed.<mask> died on 9 December 1889. References

Erickson, Rica, Eye of the Law – Resident Magistrates of Toodyay. Unpublished manuscript owned by Toodyay Historical Society. 1811 births
1889 deaths
People from Toodyay, Western Australia
People from Busselton
Resident magistrates of Western Australia

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<mask>. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th vice president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under president Bill Clinton. <mask> was the Democratic nominee for the 2000 presidential election, losing to George W. Bush in a very close race after a Florida recount. <mask> was an elected official for 24 years. He was a representative from Tennessee (1977–1985) and from 1985 to 1993 served as a senator from that state. He served as vice president during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001, defeating incumbents George H. W. Bush and Dan Quayle in 1992, and Bob Dole and Jack Kemp in 1996. The 2000 presidential election was one of the closest presidential races in history. <mask> and his running mate Joe Lieberman won the popular vote, but after a controversial election dispute over a Florida recount (settled by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled 5–4 in favor of Bush), he lost the election to Republican opponent George W. Bush in the Electoral College.After his term as vice-president ended in 2001, <mask> remained prominent as an author and environmental activist, whose work in climate change activism earned him (jointly with the IPCC) the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007. <mask> is the founder and current chair of The Climate Reality Project, the co-founder and chair of Generation Investment Management, the now-defunct Current TV network, a member of the Board of Directors of Apple Inc. and a senior adviser to Google. <mask> is also a partner in the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins, heading its climate change solutions group. He has served as a visiting professor at Middle Tennessee State University, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Fisk University and the University of California, Los Angeles. He served on the Board of Directors of World Resources Institute. <mask> has received a number of awards that include the Nobel Peace Prize (joint award with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007), a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album (2009) for his book An Inconvenient Truth, a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV (2007), and a Webby Award (2005). <mask> was also the subject of the Academy Award winning (2007) documentary An Inconvenient Truth in 2006, as well as its 2017 sequel An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power.In 2007, he was named a runner-up for Time'''s 2007 Person of the Year. In 2008, <mask> won the Dan David Prize for Social Responsibility. Early life and education

<mask> was born on March 31, 1948, in Washington, D.C., the second of two children of <mask> Sr., a U.S. Representative who later served for 18 years as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee, and Pauline (LaFon<mask>, one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt University Law School. <mask> is a descendant of Scots Irish immigrants who first settled in Virginia in the mid-17th-century and moved to Tennessee after the Revolutionary War. His older sister Nancy LaFon <mask> died of lung cancer. During the school year he lived with his family in The Fairfax Hotel in the Embassy Row section in Washington D.C. During the summer months, he worked on the family farm in Carthage, Tennessee where the <mask>s grew tobacco and hay and raised cattle.<mask> attended St. Albans School, an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in Washington, D.C. from 1956 to 1965, a prestigious feeder school for the Ivy League. He was the captain of the football team, threw discus for the track and field team and participated in basketball, art, and government. He graduated 25th in a class of 51, applied to one college, Harvard University, and was accepted. Harvard, the Vietnam War, journalism, and Vanderbilt (1965–1976)

Harvard
<mask> enrolled in Harvard College in 1965; he initially planned to major in English and write novels but later decided to major in government. On his second day on campus, he began campaigning for the freshman student government council and was elected its president. <mask> was an avid reader who fell in love with scientific and mathematical theories, but he did not do well in science classes and avoided taking math. During his first two years, his grades placed him in the lower one-fifth of his class.During his second year, he reportedly spent much of his time watching television, shooting pool and occasionally smoking marijuana. In his junior and senior years, he became more involved with his studies, earning As and Bs. In his senior year, he took a class with oceanographer and global warming theorist Roger Revelle, who sparked <mask>'s interest in global warming and other environmental issues.Turque, Inventing <mask>, p. 59. <mask> earned an A on his thesis, "The Impact of Television on the Conduct of the Presidency, 1947–1969", and graduated with an A.B. cum laude in June 1969.Turque, Inventing <mask>, p. 388. <mask> was in college during the era of anti Vietnam War protests. He was against that war, but he disagreed with the tactics of the student protest movement.He thought that it was silly and juvenile to use a private university as a venue to vent anger at the war. He and his friends did not participate in Harvard demonstrations. John Tyson, a former roommate, recalled that "We distrusted these movements a lot ... We were a pretty traditional bunch of guys, positive for civil rights and women's rights but formal, transformed by the social revolution to some extent but not buying into something we considered detrimental to our country." <mask> helped his father write an anti war address to the Democratic National Convention of 1968 but stayed with his parents in their hotel room during the violent protests. Military service

When <mask> graduated in 1969, he immediately became eligible for the military draft. His father, a vocal anti Vietnam War critic, was facing a reelection in 1970. <mask> eventually decided that enlisting in the Army would be the best course between serving his country, his personal values and interests.Although nearly all of his Harvard classmates avoided the draft and service in Vietnam, <mask> believed if he found a way around military service, he would be handing an issue to his father's Republican opponent. According to <mask>'s Senate biography, "He appeared in uniform in his father's campaign commercials, one of which ended with his father advising: 'Son, always love your country'." Despite this, <mask>. lost the election to an opponent who vastly out-fundraised him. This opponent was later found by the Watergate commission to have accepted illegal money from Nixon's operatives. <mask> has said that his other reason for enlisting was that he did not want someone with fewer options than him to go in his place. Actor Tommy Lee Jones, a former college housemate, recalled <mask> saying that "if he found a fancy way of not going, someone else would have to go in his place". His Harvard advisor, Richard Neustadt, also stated that <mask> decided, "that he would have to go as an enlisted man because, he said, 'In Tennessee, that's what most people have to do.'" In addition, Michael Roche, <mask>'s editor for The Castle Courier, stated that "anybody who knew <mask> in Vietnam knows he could have sat on his butt and he didn't." After enlisting in August 1969, <mask> returned to the anti war Harvard campus in his military uniform to say goodbye to his adviser and was "jeered" at by students. He later said he was astonished by the "emotional field of negativity and disapproval and piercing glances that ... certainly felt like real hatred". <mask> had basic training at Fort Dix from August to October, and then was assigned to be a journalist at Fort Rucker, Alabama. In April 1970, he was named Rucker's "Soldier of the Month". His orders to be sent to Vietnam were "held up" for some time and the <mask> family suspected that this was due to a fear by the Nixon administration that if something happened to him, his father would gain sympathy votes. He was finally shipped to Vietnam on January 2, 1971, after his father had lost his seat in the Senate during the 1970 Senate election, becoming one "of only about a dozen of the 1,115 Harvard graduates in the Class of '69 who went to Vietnam".<mask> was stationed with the 20th Engineer Brigade in Bien Hoa and was a journalist with The Castle Courier. He received an honorable discharge from the Army in May 1971. Of his time in the Army, <mask> later stated, "I didn't do the most, or run the gravest danger. But I was proud to wear my country's uniform." He also later stated that his experience in Vietnam

Vanderbilt and journalism
<mask> was "dispirited" after his return from Vietnam. NashvillePost.com noted that, "his father's defeat made service in a conflict he deeply opposed even more abhorrent to <mask>. His experiences in the war zone don't seem to have been deeply traumatic in themselves; although the engineers were sometimes fired upon, <mask> has said he didn't see full-scale combat.Still, he felt that his participation in the war was wrong." Although his parents wanted him to go to law school, <mask> first attended Vanderbilt University Divinity School (1971–72) on a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship for people planning secular careers. He later said he went there in order to explore "spiritual issues", and that "he had hoped to make sense of the social injustices that seemed to challenge his religious beliefs". In 1971, <mask> also began to work the night shift for The Tennessean as an investigative reporter. His investigations of corruption among members of Nashville's Metro Council resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two councilmen for separate offenses. In 1974, he took a leave of absence from The Tennessean to attend Vanderbilt University Law School. His decision to become an attorney was a partial result of his time as a journalist, as he realized that, while he could expose corruption, he could not change it.<mask> did not complete law school, deciding abruptly, in 1976, to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives when he found out that his father's former seat in the House was about to be vacated. Congress (1977–1993)

<mask> began serving in the U.S. Congress at the age of 28 and stayed there for the next 16 years, serving in both the House (1977–1985) and the Senate (1985–1993). <mask> spent many weekends in Tennessee, working with his constituents. House and Senate

At the end of February 1976, U.S. Representative Joe L. Evins unexpectedly announced his retirement from Congress, making Tennessee's 4th congressional district seat, to which he had succeeded <mask> Sr. in 1953 open. Within hours after  The Tennessean  publisher John Seigenthaler Sr. called him to tell him the announcement was forthcoming, <mask> decided to quit law school and run for the House of Representatives:

<mask> won the 1976 Democratic primary for the district with "32 percent of the vote, three percentage points more than his nearest rival", and was opposed only by an independent candidate in the election, recording 94 percent of the overall vote. He went on to win the next three elections, in 1978, 1980 and 1982, where "he was unopposed twice and won 79 percent of the vote the other time". In 1984, <mask> successfully ran for a seat in the U.S. Senate, which had been vacated by Republican Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker.He was "unopposed in the Democratic Senatorial primary and won the general election going away", despite the fact that Republican President Ronald Reagan swept Tennessee in his reelection campaign the same year. <mask> defeated Republican senatorial nominee Victor Ashe, subsequently the mayor of Knoxville, and the Republican-turned-Independent, Ed McAteer, founder of the Christian right Religious Roundtable organization that had worked to elect Reagan as president in 1980. During his time in Congress, <mask> was considered a "moderate" once referring to himself as a "raging moderate" opposing federal funding of abortion, voting in favor of a bill which supported a moment in silence in schools, and voting against a ban on interstate sales of guns. In 1981, <mask> was quoted as saying with regard to homosexuality, "I think it is wrong", and "I don't pretend to understand it, but it is not just another normal optional life style." In his 1984 Senate race, <mask> said when discussing homosexuality, "I do not believe it is simply an acceptable alternative that society should affirm." He also said that he would not take campaign funds from gay rights groups. Although he maintained a position against homosexuality and gay marriage in the 1980s, <mask> said in 2008 that he thinks "gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women...to join together in marriage."His position as a moderate (and on policies related to that label) shifted later in life after he became Vice President and ran for president in 2000. During his tenure in the House, <mask> voted in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday. While <mask> initially did not vote on the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 in January 1988, he voted to override President Reagan's veto the following March. <mask> voted against the nomination of William Rehnquist as Chief Justice of the United States, as well as the nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court. During his time in the House, <mask> sat on the Energy and Commerce and the Science and Technology committees, chairing the Science Committee's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations for four years. He also sat on the House Intelligence Committee and, in 1982, introduced the Gore Plan for arms control, to "reduce chances of a nuclear first strike by cutting multiple warheads and deploying single-warhead mobile launchers". While in the Senate, he sat on the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Rules and Administration, and the Armed Services Committees.In 1991, <mask> was one of ten Democrats who supported the Gulf War. <mask> was considered one of the Atari Democrats, given this name due to their "passion for technological issues, from biomedical research and genetic engineering to the environmental impact of the "greenhouse effect". On March 19, 1979, he had become the first member of Congress to appear on C-SPAN. During this time, <mask> co-chaired the Congressional Clearinghouse on the Future with Newt Gingrich. In addition, he has been described as having been a "genuine nerd, with a geek reputation running back to his days as a futurist Atari Democrat in the House. Before computers were comprehensible, let alone sexy, the poker-faced <mask> struggled to explain artificial intelligence and fiber-optic networks to sleepy colleagues." Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn noted that,

<mask> introduced the Supercomputer Network Study Act of 1986.He also sponsored hearings on how advanced technologies might be put to use in areas like coordinating the response of government agencies to natural disasters and other crises. As a Senator, <mask> began to craft the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 (commonly referred to as "The Gore Bill") after hearing the 1988 report Toward a National Research Network submitted to Congress by a group chaired by UCLA professor of computer science, Leonard Kleinrock, one of the central creators of the ARPANET (the ARPANET, first deployed by Kleinrock and others in 1969, is the predecessor of the Internet). The bill was passed on December 9, 1991, and led to the National Information Infrastructure (NII) which <mask> referred to as the "information superhighway". After joining the House of Representatives, <mask> held the "first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming". He continued to speak on the topic

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Albert Arnold Gore Jr
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 throughout the 1980s. In 1990, Senator <mask> presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a Global Marshall Plan, "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment". Son's 1989 accident and first book
On April 3, 1989, <mask>, Tipper and their six-year-old son <mask> were leaving a baseball game.<mask> ran across the street to see his friend and was hit by a car. He was thrown  and then traveled along the pavement for another . <mask> later recalled: "I ran to his side and held him and called his name, but he was motionless, limp and still, without breath or pulse.... His eyes were open with the nothingness stare of death, and we prayed, the two of us, there in the gutter, with only my voice." <mask> was tended to by two nurses who happened to be present during the accident. The <mask>s spent the next month in the hospital with <mask>. <mask> also commented: "Our lives were consumed with the struggle to restore his body and spirit." This event was "a trauma so shattering that [<mask>] views it as a moment of personal rebirth", a "key moment in his life" which "changed everything".In August 1991, <mask> announced that his son's accident was a factor in his decision not to run for president in 1992. <mask> stated: "I would like to be President.... But I am also a father, and I feel deeply about my responsibility to my children.... I didn't feel right about tearing myself away from my family to the extent that is necessary in a Presidential campaign." During this time, <mask> wrote Earth in the Balance, a text that became the first book written by a sitting U.S. Senator to make The New York Times Best Seller list since John F. Kennedy's Profiles in Courage. First presidential run (1988)

In 1988, <mask> sought the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States.<mask> carried seven states in the primaries, finishing third overall in a field that included Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis, then Senantor, future Vice President and current President Joe Biden, Gary Hart, Congressman Dick Gephardt, Paul Simon and Jesse Jackson. Dukakis eventually won the Democratic nomination and went on to lose in a landslide to George H. W. Bush in the general election. Although <mask> initially denied that he intended to run, his candidacy was the subject of speculation: "National analysts make Sen. <mask> a long-shot for the Presidential nomination, but many believe he could provide a natural complement for any of the other candidates: a young, attractive, moderate Vice Presidential nominee from the South. He currently denies any interest, but he carefully does not reject the idea out of hand." At the time, he was 39 years old, making him the "youngest serious Presidential candidate since John F. Kennedy". CNN noted that, "in 1988, for the first time, 12 Southern states would hold their primaries on the same day, dubbed "Super Tuesday". <mask> thought he would be the only serious Southern contender; he had not counted on Jesse Jackson."Jackson defeated <mask> in the South Carolina Primary, winning, "more than half the total vote, three times that of his closest rival here, Senator <mask> Jr. of Tennessee". <mask> next placed great hope on Super Tuesday where they split the Southern vote: Jackson winning Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Virginia; <mask> winning Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma. <mask> was later endorsed by New York City Mayor Ed Koch who made statements in favor of Israel and against Jackson. These statements cast <mask> in a negative light, leading voters away from <mask> who received only 10% of the vote in the New York Primary. <mask> then dropped out of the race. The New York Times said that <mask> also lost support due to his attacks against Jackson, Dukakis, and others. <mask> was eventually able to mend fences with Jackson, who supported the <mask> ticket in 1992 and 1996, and campaigned for the <mask> ticket during the 2000 presidential election.<mask>'s policies changed substantially in 2000, reflecting his eight years as vice president. 1992 presidential election

<mask> was initially hesitant to be Bill Clinton's running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election, but after clashing with the George H. W. Bush administration over global warming issues, he decided to accept the offer. Clinton stated that he chose <mask> due to his foreign policy experience, work with the environment, and commitment to his family. Clinton's choice was criticized as unconventional because rather than picking a running mate who would diversify the ticket, Clinton chose a fellow Southerner who shared his political ideologies and who was nearly the same age as Clinton. The Washington Bureau Chief for The Baltimore Sun, Paul West, later suggested that, "<mask> revolutionized the way Vice Presidents are made. When he joined Bill Clinton's ticket, it violated the old rules. Regional diversity?Not with two Southerners from neighboring states. Ideological balance? A couple of left-of-center moderates. ... And yet, <mask> has come to be regarded by strategists in both parties as the best vice presidential pick in at least 20 years." Clinton and <mask> accepted the nomination at the Democratic National Convention on July 17, 1992. Known as the Baby Boomer Ticket and the Fortysomething Team, The New York Times noted that if elected, Clinton and <mask>, at ages 45 and 44 respectively, would be the "youngest team to make it to the White House in the country's history". Theirs was the first ticket since 1972 to try to capture the youth vote.<mask> called the ticket "a new generation of leadership". The ticket increased in popularity after the candidates traveled with their wives, Hillary and Tipper, on a "six-day, 1,000-mile bus ride, from New York to St. Louis". <mask> also debated the other vice presidential candidates, Dan Quayle, and James Stockdale. The <mask> ticket beat the Bush-Quayle ticket, 43%–38%. Vice Presidency (1993–2001)

<mask> served as vice president during the Clinton Administration. Clinton and <mask> were inaugurated on January 20, 1993. At the beginning of the first term, they developed a "two-page agreement outlining their relationship".Clinton committed himself to regular lunch meetings; he recognized <mask> as a principal adviser on nominations and appointed some of <mask>'s chief advisers to key White House staff positions. Clinton involved <mask> in decision-making to an unprecedented degree for a vice president. Through their weekly lunches and daily conversations, <mask> became the president's "indisputable chief adviser". However, <mask> had to compete with First Lady Hillary for President Clinton's influence, starting when she was appointed to the health-care task force without <mask>'s consultation. Vanity Fair wrote that President Clinton's "failure to confide in his vice president was a telling sign of the real pecking order", and reported "it was an open secret that some of Hillary's advisers...nurtured dreams that Hillary, not <mask>, would follow Bill in the presidency". <mask> had a particular interest in reducing "waste, fraud, and abuse in the federal government and advocated trimming the size of the bureaucracy and the number of regulations". During the Clinton Administration, the U.S. economy expanded, according to David Greenberg (professor of history and media studies at Rutgers University) who said that "by the end of the Clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive.Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates, the economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black Americans, and the aged." According to Leslie Budd, author of E-economy: Rhetoric or Business Reality, this economic success was due, in part, to <mask>'s continued role as an Atari Democrat, promoting the development of information technology, which led to the dot-com boom (c. 1995–2001). Clinton and <mask> entered office planning to finance research that would "flood the economy with innovative goods and services, lifting the general level of prosperity and strengthening American industry". Their overall aim was to fund the development of, "robotics, smart roads, biotechnology, machine tools, magnetic-levitation trains, fiber-optic communications and national computer networks. Also earmarked [were] a raft of basic technologies like digital imaging and data storage." Critics claimed that the initiatives would "backfire, bloating Congressional pork and creating whole new categories of Federal waste". During the election and his term as vice president, <mask> popularized the term Information Superhighway, which became synonymous with the Internet, and he was involved in the creation of the National Information Infrastructure.<mask> first discussed his plans to emphasize information technology at UCLA on January 11, 1994, in a speech at The Superhighway Summit. On March 29, 1994, <mask> made the inaugural keynote to a Georgetown University symposium on governmental reform with a lecture entitled, "The new job of the federal executive". <mask> spoke on how technology was changing the nature of government, public administration, and management in general, noting that while in the past deep hierarchical structures were necessary to manage large organizations, technology was offering more accurate and streamlined access to information, thus facilitating flatter management structures. He was involved in a number of projects including NetDay '96 and 24 Hours in Cyberspace. The <mask> administration also launched the first official White House website in 1994 and subsequent versions through 2000. During 1993 and early 1994, <mask> was tapped by the administration to advocate for the adoption of the Clipper Chip, a technology developed by the National Security Agency designed to provide for law enforcement access to encrypted communications. After political and technical objections, the initiative was essentially dropped.<mask> was also involved in environmental initiatives. He launched the GLOBE program on Earth Day '94, an education and science activity that, according to Forbes magazine, "made extensive use of the Internet to increase student awareness of their environment". In 1998, <mask> began promoting a NASA satellite (Deep Space Climate Observatory) that would provide a constant view of the Earth, marking the first time such an image would have been made since The Blue Marble photo from the 1972 Apollo 17 mission. During this time, he also became associated with Digital Earth. <mask> negotiated and strongly supported the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gasses, but said upon his return that the administration would not submit the treaty to the Senate for ratification until it was amended to include "meaningful participation by key developing nations", The Senate had previously passed unanimously (95–0) the Byrd–Hagel Resolution (S. Res. 98), which declared opposition to any greenhouse gas treaty which would limit US emissions without similar limits on third-world countries such as China. The Clinton administration left office three years later without having submitted the treaty for ratification.In 1996, <mask> became involved in a "Chinagate" campaign finance controversy over his attendance at an event at the Buddhist Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, California. In an interview on NBC's Today the following year, <mask> said, "I did not know that it was a fund-raiser. I knew it was a political event, and I knew there were finance people that were going to be present, and so that alone should have told me, 'This is inappropriate and this is a mistake; don't do this.' And I take responsibility for that. It was a mistake." A U.S. Department of Justice investigation into the fund-raising activities had uncovered evidence that Chinese agents sought to direct contributions from foreign sources to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) before the 1996 presidential campaign. The Chinese embassy in Washington, D.C. was used for coordinating contributions to the DNC.FBI agents were denied the opportunity to ask President Bill Clinton and Vice President <mask> questions during Justice Department interviews in 1997 and 1998 and were only allowed to take notes. In March 1997, <mask> had to explain phone calls which he made to solicit funds for Democratic Party for the 1996 election. In a news conference, <mask> stated that, "all calls that I made were charged to the Democratic National Committee. I was advised there was nothing wrong with that. My counsel tells me there is no controlling legal authority that says that is any violation of any law." The phrase "no controlling legal authority" was criticized by columnist Charles Krauthammer, who stated: "Whatever other legacies <mask> leaves behind between now and retirement, he forever bequeaths this newest weasel word to the lexicon of American political corruption." Robert Conrad Jr. was the head of a Justice Department task force appointed by Attorney General Janet Reno to investigate <mask>'s fund-raising controversies.In Spring 2000, Conrad asked Reno to appoint an independent counsel to continue the investigation. After looking into the matter, Reno judged that the appointment of an independent counsel was unwarranted. During the 1990s, <mask> spoke out on a number of issues. In a 1992 speech on the Gulf War, <mask> stated that he twice attempted to get the U.S. government to pull the plug on support to Saddam Hussein, citing Hussein's use of poison gas, support of terrorism, and his burgeoning nuclear program, but was opposed both times by the Reagan and Bush administrations. In the wake of the Al-Anfal Campaign, during which Hussein staged deadly mustard and nerve gas attacks on Kurdish Iraqis, <mask> cosponsored the Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988, which would have cut all assistance to Iraq. The bill was defeated in part due to intense lobbying of Congress by the Reagan-Bush White House and a veto threat from President Reagan. In 1998, at a conference of APEC hosted by Malaysia, <mask> objected to the indictment, arrest and jailing of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's longtime second-in-command Anwar Ibrahim, a move which received a negative response from leaders there.Ten years later, <mask> again protested when Ibrahim was arrested a second time, a decision condemned by Malaysian foreign minister Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim. Soon afterward, <mask> also had to contend with the Lewinsky scandal, which involved an affair between President Clinton and a White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. <mask> initially defended Clinton, whom he believed to be innocent, stating, "He is the president of the country! He is my friend ... I want to ask you now, every single one of you, to join me in supporting him." After Clinton was impeached, <mask> continued to defend him stating, "I've defined my job in exactly the same way for six years now ... to do everything I can to help him be the best president possible." Second presidential run (2000)

There was talk of a potential run in the 2000 presidential race by <mask> as early as January 1998.<mask> discussed the possibility of running during a March 9, 1999, interview with CNN's Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer. In response to Wolf Blitzer's question: "Why should Democrats, looking at the Democratic nomination process, support you instead of Bill Bradley", <mask> responded:

Former UCLA professor of information studies Philip E. Agre and journalist Eric Boehlert argued that three articles in Wired News led to the creation of the widely spread urban legend that <mask> claimed

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 to have "invented the Internet", which followed this interview. In addition, computer professionals and congressional colleagues argued in his defense. Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn stated that "we don't think, as some people have argued, that <mask> intended to claim he 'invented' the Internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, <mask>'s initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet." Cerf would later state: "<mask> had seen what happened with the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956, which his father introduced as a military bill. It was very powerful.Housing went up, suburban boom happened, everybody became mobile. <mask> was attuned to the power of networking much more than any of his elective colleagues. His initiatives led directly to the commercialization of the Internet. So he really does deserve credit." In a speech to the American Political Science Association, former Republican Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Newt Gingrich also stated: "In all fairness, it's something <mask> had worked on a long time. <mask> is not the Father of the Internet, but in all fairness, <mask> is the person who, in the Congress, most systematically worked to make sure that we got to an Internet, and the truth is—and I worked with him starting in 1978 when I got [to Congress], we were both part of a "futures group"—the fact is, in the Clinton administration, the world we had talked about in the '80s began to actually happen." Finally, Wolf Blitzer (who conducted the original 1999 interview) stated in 2008 that: "I didn't ask him about the Internet.I asked him about the differences he had with Bill Bradley ... Honestly, at the time, when he said it, it didn't dawn on me that this was going to have the impact that it wound up having, because it was distorted to a certain degree and people said they took what he said, which was a carefully phrased comment about taking the initiative and creating the Internet to—I invented the Internet. And that was the sort of shorthand, the way his enemies projected it and it wound up being a devastating setback to him and it hurt him, as I'm sure he acknowledges to this very day." <mask> himself would later poke fun at the controversy. In 2000, while on the Late Show with David Letterman he read Letterman's Top 10 List (which for this show was called, "Top Ten Rejected Gore – Lieberman Campaign Slogans") to the audience. Number nine on the list was: "Remember, America, I gave you the Internet, and I can take it away!" In 2005 when <mask> was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award "for three decades of contributions to the Internet" at the Webby Awards he joked in his acceptance speech (limited to five words according to Webby Awards rules): "Please don't recount this vote."He was introduced by Vint Cerf who used the same format to joke: "We all invented the Internet." <mask>, who was then asked to add a few more words to his speech, stated: "It is time to reinvent the Internet for all of us to make it more robust and much more accessible and use it to reinvigorate our democracy." During a speech that he gave on June 16, 1999, in Carthage, Tennessee, <mask> formally announced his candidacy for president. His major theme was the need to strengthen the American family. He was introduced by his eldest daughter, Karenna <mask>. In making the speech, <mask> also distanced himself from Bill Clinton, who he stated had lied to him. <mask> was "briefly interrupted" by AIDS protesters claiming <mask> was working with the pharmaceutical industry to prevent access to generic medicines for poor nations and chanting "<mask>'s greed kills."Additional speeches were also interrupted by the protesters. <mask> responded, "I love this country. I love the First Amendment ... Let me say in response to those who may have chosen an inappropriate way to make their point, that actually the crisis of AIDS in Africa is one that should command the attention of people in the United States and around the world." <mask> also issued a statement saying that he supported efforts to lower the cost of the AIDS drugs, provided that they "are done in a way consistent with international agreements". While Bill Clinton's job-approval ratings were around 60%, an April 1999 study by the Pew Research Center for the People found that respondents suffered from "Clinton fatigue" where they were "tired of all the problems associated with the Clinton administration" including the Lewinsky scandal and impeachment. Texas Governor and likely Republican presidential nominee George W. Bush was leading <mask> 54% to 41% in polls during that time. <mask>'s advisers believed that the "Lewinsky scandal and Bill's past womanizing...alienated independent voters—especially the soccer moms, who stood for traditional values".Consequently, <mask>'s presidential campaign "veered too far in differentiating himself from Bill and his record and had difficulty taking advantage of the Clinton administration's legitimate successes". In addition, Hillary's candidacy for the open Senate seat in New York exacerbated the "three-way tensions evident in the White House since 1993", as "not only was Hillary unavailable as a campaigner, she was poaching top Democratic fund-raisers and donors who would normally concentrate on the vice president". In one instance "Hillary insisted on being invited [to a Los Angeles fundraiser for the vice president]—over the objections of the event's organizers", where the First Lady "shocked the vice president's supporters by soliciting donations for herself in front of Tipper". <mask> faced an early challenge by former New Jersey senator Bill Bradley. Bradley was the only candidate to oppose <mask> and was considered a "fresh face" for the White House. <mask> challenged Bradley to a series of debates which took the form of "town hall" meetings. <mask> went on the offensive during these debates leading to a drop in the polls for Bradley.In the Iowa caucus the unions pledged their support to <mask>, despite Bradley spending heavily in that state, and Bradley was much embarrassed by his two to one defeat there. <mask> went on to capture the New Hampshire primary 53-47%, which had been a must-win state for Bradley. <mask> then swept all of the primaries on Super Tuesday while Bradley finished a distant second in each state. On March 9, 2000, after failing to win any of the first 20 primaries and caucuses in the election process, Bradley withdrew his campaign and endorsed <mask>. <mask> eventually went on to win every primary and caucus and, in March 2000 even won the first primary election ever held over the Internet, the Arizona Presidential Primary. By then, he secured the Democratic nomination. On August 13, 2000, <mask> announced that he had selected Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut as his vice presidential running mate.Lieberman became "the first person of the Jewish faith to run for the nation's second-highest office". Many pundits saw <mask>'s choice of Lieberman as further distancing him from the scandals of the Clinton White House. <mask>'s daughter, Karenna, together with her father's former Harvard roommate Tommy Lee Jones, officially nominated <mask> as the Democratic presidential candidate during the 2000 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, California. <mask> accepted his party's nomination and spoke about the major themes of his campaign, stating in particular his plan to extend Medicare to pay for prescription drugs and to work for a sensible universal health-care system. Soon after the convention, <mask> hit the campaign trail with running mate Joe Lieberman. <mask> and Bush were deadlocked in the polls. They participated in three televised debates.While both sides claimed victory after each, <mask> was critiqued as either too stiff, too reticent, or too aggressive in contrast to Bush. Recount
On election night, news networks first called Florida for <mask>, later retracted the projection, and then called Florida for Bush, before finally retracting that projection as well. Florida's Republican Secretary of State, Katherine Harris, eventually certified Florida's vote count. This led to the Florida election recount, a move to further examine the Florida results. The Florida recount was stopped a few weeks later by the U.S. Supreme Court. In the ruling, Bush v. <mask>, the Justices held that the Florida recount was unconstitutional and that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline, effectively ending the recounts. This 7–2 vote ruled that the standards the Florida Supreme Court provided for a recount were unconstitutional due to violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and further ruled 5–4 that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline.This case ordered an end to recounting underway in selected Florida counties, effectively giving George W. Bush a 537 vote victory in Florida and consequently Florida's 25 electoral votes and the presidency. The results of the decision led to <mask> winning the popular vote by approximately 500,000 votes nationwide, but receiving 266 electoral votes to Bush's 271 (one District of Columbia elector abstained). On December 13, 2000, <mask> conceded the election. <mask> strongly disagreed with the Court's decision, but in his concession speech stated that, "for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession." Post-Vice Presidency (2001–present)

Bill Clinton and <mask> had maintained an informal public distance for eight years, but they reunited for the media in August 2009. Clinton had arranged for the release of two female journalists who were being held hostage in North Korea. The women were employees of <mask>'s Current TV.In May 2018, he was included as a member of the Indian Government committee to coordinate year long celebrations of Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birth anniversary from October 2, 2019. Criticism of Bush
Beginning in 2002, <mask> began to publicly criticize the Bush administration. In a September 23 speech that he gave before the Commonwealth Club of California, <mask> criticized Bush and Congress for the rush to war prior to the outbreak of hostilities in Iraq. He compared this decision to the Persian Gulf War (which <mask> had voted for) stating, "Back in 1991, I was one of a handful of Democrats in the United States Senate to vote in favor of the resolution endorsing the Persian Gulf War ... But look at the differences between the resolution that was voted on in 1991 and the one this administration is proposing that the Congress vote on in 2002. The circumstances are really completely different [...] in 1991, Iraq had crossed an international border, invaded a neighboring sovereign nation and annexed its territory. Now by contrast in 2002, there has been no such invasion."In a speech given in 2004, during the presidential election, <mask> accused George W. Bush of betraying the country by using the 9/11 attacks as a justification for the invasion of Iraq. The next year, <mask> gave a speech which covered many topics, including what he called "religious zealots" who claim special knowledge of God's will in American politics. <mask> stated: "They even claim that those of us who disagree with their point of view are waging war against people of faith." After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, <mask> chartered two planes to evacuate 270 people from New Orleans and criticized the Bush administration's response to the hurricane. In 2006, <mask> criticized Bush's use of domestic wiretaps without a warrant. One month later, in a speech given at the Jeddah Economic Forum, <mask> criticized the treatment of Arabs in the U.S. after 9/11 stating, "Unfortunately there have been terrible abuses and it's wrong ... I do want you to know that it does not represent the desires or wishes or feelings of the majority of the citizens of my country."<mask>'s 2007 book, The Assault on Reason, is an analysis of what <mask> refers to as the "emptying out of the marketplace of ideas" in civic discourse during the Bush administration. He attributes this phenomenon to the influence of television and argues that it endangers American democracy. By contrast, <mask> argues, the Internet can revitalize and ultimately "redeem the integrity of representative democracy". In 2008, <mask> argued against the ban of same-sex marriage on his Current TV website, stating, "I think that gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women to make contracts, have hospital visiting rights, and join together in marriage." In a 2009 interview with CNN, <mask> commented on former Vice President Dick Cheney's criticism of the Obama administration. Referring to his own previous criticism of the Bush administrations, <mask> stated: "I waited two years after I left office to make statements that were critical, and then of the policy ... You know, you talk about somebody that shouldn't be talking about making the country less safe, invading a country that did not attack us and posed no serious threat to us at all." While <mask> has criticized Bush for his Katrina response, he has not spoken publicly about his part in the evacuation of 270 patients on September 3 & 4, 2005, from Charity Hospital in New Orleans to Tennessee.On September 1, <mask> was contacted by Charity Hospital's Neurosurgeon Dr. David Kline, who had operated on his son <mask>, through Greg Simon of FasterCures. Kline informed <mask> and Simon of the desperate conditions at the hospital and asked <mask> and Simon to arrange relief. On <mask>'s personal financial commitment, two airlines each provided a plane with one flight later underwritten by Larry Flax. The flights were flown by volunteer airline crews and medically staffed by <mask>'s cousin, retired Col. Dar LaFon, and family physician Dr. Anderson Spickard and were accompanied by <mask> and <mask>. <mask> used his political influence to expedite landing rights in New Orleans. Presidential run speculation

People were speculating that <mask> would be a candidate for the 2004 presidential election (a bumper sticker, "Re-elect <mask> in 2004!" was popular).On December 16, 2002, however, <mask> announced that he would not run in 2004. While <mask> seriously considered challenging Bush in 2004, the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent stratospheric rise in President Bush's popularity as a result of his response to these attacks were strong factors in <mask>'s December 2002 decision not to run again in 2004. Despite <mask> taking himself out of the race, a handful of his supporters formed a national campaign to draft him into running. The draft movement, however, failed to convince <mask> to run. The prospect of a <mask> candidacy arose again between 2006 and early 2008 in light of the upcoming 2008 presidential election. Although <mask> frequently stated that he had "no plans to run", he did not reject the possibility of future involvement in politics which led to speculation that he might run. This was due in part to his increased popularity after the release of the 2006 documentary, An Inconvenient Truth.The director of the film, Davis Guggenheim, stated that after the release of the film, "Everywhere I go with him, they treat him like a rock star." After An Inconvenient Truth was nominated for an Academy Award, Donna Brazile (<mask>'s campaign chairwoman from his 2000 campaign) speculated that <mask> might announce a possible presidential candidacy during the Oscars. During the 79th Academy Awards ceremony, <mask> and actor Leonardo DiCaprio shared the stage to speak about the "greening" of the ceremony itself. <mask> began to give a speech that appeared to be leading up to an announcement

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 that he would run for president. However, background music drowned him out and he was escorted offstage, implying that it was a rehearsed gag, which he later acknowledged. After An Inconvenient Truth won the Academy Award for Best Documentary, speculation increased about a possible presidential run. <mask>'s popularity was indicated in polls which showed that even without running, he was coming in second or third among possible Democratic candidates Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and John Edwards.Grassroots draft campaigns also developed with the hope that they could encourage <mask> to run. <mask>, however, remained firm in his decision and declined to run for the presidency. Interest in having <mask> run for the 2016 presidential election arose in 2014 and again in 2015, although he did not declare any intention to do so. Involvement in presidential campaigns

After announcing he would not run in the 2004 U.S. presidential election, <mask> endorsed Vermont governor Howard Dean in December 2003, weeks before the first primary of the election cycle. He was criticized for this endorsement by eight Democratic contenders particularly since he did not endorse his former running mate Joe Lieberman (<mask> preferred Dean over Lieberman because Lieberman supported the Iraq War and <mask> did not). Dean's campaign soon became a target of attacks and eventually failed, with <mask>'s early endorsement being credited as a factor. In The New York Times, Dean stated: "I actually do think the endorsement of <mask> began the decline."The Times further noted that "Dean instantly amplified his statement to indicate that the endorsement from Mr. <mask>, a powerhouse of the establishment, so threatened the other Democratic candidates that they began the attacks on his candidacy that helped derail it." Dean's former campaign manager, Joe Trippi, also stated that after <mask>'s endorsement of Dean, "alarm bells went off in every newsroom in the country, in every other campaign in the country", indicating that if something did not change, Dean would be the nominee. Later, in March 2004, <mask> endorsed John Kerry and gave Kerry $6 million in funds left over from his own unsuccessful 2000 bid. <mask> also opened the 2004 Democratic National Convention. During the 2008 primaries, <mask> remained neutral toward all of the candidates which led to speculation that he would come out of a brokered 2008 Democratic National Convention as a "compromise candidate" if the party decided it could not nominate one. <mask> responded by stating that these events would not take place because a candidate would be nominated through the primary process. Senator Ted Kennedy had urged <mask> to endorse Senator Barack Obama though <mask> declined.When Obama became the presumptive Democratic nominee for president on June 3, 2008, speculation began that <mask> might be tapped for the vice presidency. On June 16, 2008, one week after Hillary Clinton had suspended her campaign, <mask> endorsed Obama in a speech given in Detroit, Michigan which renewed speculation of an <mask> ticket. <mask> stated, however, that he was not interested in being Vice President again. On the timing and nature of <mask>'s endorsement, some argued that <mask> waited because he did not want to repeat his calamitous early endorsement of Howard Dean during the 2004 presidential election. On the final night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention, shortly before Obama delivered his acceptance address, <mask> gave a speech offering his full support. Such support led to new speculation after Obama was elected president during the 2008 presidential election that <mask> would be named a member of the Obama administration. This speculation was enhanced by a meeting held between Obama, <mask>, and Joe Biden in Chicago on December 9, 2008.However, Democratic officials and <mask>'s spokeswoman stated that during the meeting the only subject under discussion was the climate crisis, and <mask> would not be joining the Obama administration. On December 19, 2008, <mask> described Obama's environmental administrative choices of Carol Browner, Steven Chu, and Lisa Jackson as "an exceptional team to lead the fight against the climate crisis". <mask> repeated his neutrality eight years later during the Democratic presidential primaries of 2016 until endorsing Hillary Clinton on July 25, 2016, the first day of that year's Democratic National Convention. <mask> appeared with her at a rally on Miami Dade College's Kendall Campus on October 11, 2016. Environmentalism

<mask> has been involved with environmental issues since 1976 when as a freshman congressman, he held the "first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming". He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s, and is still prevalent in the environmental community. He was known as one of the Atari Democrats, later called the "Democrats' Greens, politicians who see issues like clean air, clean water and global warming as the key to future victories for their party".In 1990, Senator <mask> presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a Global Marshall Plan, "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment". In the late 1990s, <mask> strongly pushed for the passage of the Kyoto Protocol, which called for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. He was opposed by the Senate, which passed unanimously (95–0) the Byrd–Hagel Resolution (S. Res. 98), which stated the sense of the Senate was that the United States should not be a signatory to any protocol that did not include binding targets and timetables for developing as well as industrialized nations or "would result in serious harm to the economy of the United States". In 2004, <mask> co-launched Generation Investment Management, a company for which he serves as Chair. A few years later, <mask> would also found the Alliance for Climate Protection, an organization which eventually founded the We Campaign. <mask> would also become a partner in the venture capital firm, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, heading that firm's climate change solutions group.He also helped to organize the Live Earth benefit concerts. In 2010, he attended WE Day (Vancouver, Canada), a WE Charity event. In 2013, <mask> became a vegan. He had earlier admitted that "it's absolutely correct that the growing meat intensity of diets across the world is one of the issues connected to this global crisis – not only because of the [carbon dioxide] involved, but also because of the water consumed in the process" and some speculate that his adoption of the new diet is related to his environmentalist stance. In a 2014 interview, <mask> said "Over a year ago I changed my diet to a vegan diet, really just to experiment to see what it was like. ... I felt better, so I've continued with it and I'm likely to continue it for the rest of my life."<mask>'s An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power, a sequel to his 2006 film, An Inconvenient Truth, premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. The film documents his continuing efforts to battle climate change. A "Climate and Health Summit" which was originally going to be held by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was cancelled without warning in late January 2017. A few days later, <mask> revived the summit, which was held by the Climate Reality Project without the support of the CDC. In 2020 he helped to launch Climate TRACE to independently monitor global greenhouse gas emissions. In November 2021, <mask> spoke at the early stages of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, Scotland. He later criticised the Morrison Government for failing to increase Australia’s 2030 emissions reduction target.Criticism

A conservative Washington, D.C. think tank and a Republican member of Congress, among others, have claimed that <mask> has a conflict-of-interest for advocating for taxpayer subsidies of green-energy technologies in which he has a personal investment. Additionally, he has been criticized for his above-average energy consumption in using private jets, and in owning multiple, very large homes, one of which was reported in 2007 as using high amounts of electricity. <mask>'s spokesperson responded by stating that the <mask>s use renewable energy which is more expensive than regular energy and that the Tennessee house in question has been retrofitted to make it more energy-efficient. Data in An Inconvenient Truth have been questioned. In a 2007 court case, a British judge said that while he had "no doubt ...the film was broadly accurate" and its "four main scientific hypotheses ...are supported by a vast quantity of research", he upheld nine of a "long schedule" of alleged errors presented to the court. He ruled that the film could be shown to schoolchildren in the UK if guidance notes given to teachers were amended to balance out the film's one-sided political views. <mask>'s spokesperson responded in 2007 that the court had upheld the film's fundamental thesis and its use as an educational tool.In 2009, <mask> described the British court ruling as being "in my favor". In the late 1980s and 1990s, <mask> was criticized for his involvement in asking the EPA for less strict pollution controls for the Pigeon River. <mask> was also criticized when in 2012 he sold his television channel Current TV for around $100 million to Al Jazeera, a media company founded by Qatar, a nation largely dependent on income from the fossil fuel industry. Personal life
<mask> met Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Aitcheson at his St. Albans senior prom in 1965. She was from the nearby St. Agnes School. Tipper followed <mask> to Boston to attend college, and they married at the Washington National Cathedral on May 19, 1970. They have four children; Karenna <mask> (b.1973), Kristin <mask> (b. 1977), Sarah LaFon <mask> (b. 1979) and <mask> <mask> (b. 1982). In June 2010 the <mask>s announced in an e-mail to friends that after "long and careful consideration" they had made a mutual decision to separate. In May 2012, it was reported that <mask> started dating Elizabeth Keadle of Rancho Santa Fe, California. Awards and honors

<mask> is the recipient of a number of awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize (together with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2007, a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV in 2007, a Webby Award in 2005, the Dan David Prize in 2008 and the Prince of Asturias Award in 2007 for International Cooperation.He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2008. He also starred in the 2006 documentary An Inconvenient Truth, which won an Academy Award for Best Documentary in 2007 and wrote the book An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It, which won a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album in 2009. Selected publications

Books

 Know Climate Change and 101 Q and A on Climate Change from 'Save Planet Earth Series', 2008 (children's books)

 Putting People First: How We Can All Change America. (with William J. Clinton). New York: Times Books, 1992 . Articles
 "Toward Sustainable Capitalism: Long-term incentives are the antidote to the short-term greed that caused our current economic woes. The Wall Street Journal, June 24, 2010.(With David Blood)
 "We Can't Wish Away Climate Change." The New York Times, February 27, 2010. "The Climate for Change." The New York Times, November 9, 2008. Vice President <mask>'s introduction to Earthwatch: 24 Hours In Cyberspace. February 8, 1996. 24 Hours in Cyberspace "Foreword by Vice President <mask>."In The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking (2nd edition)  by Tracy LaQuey, 1994. "Introduction. In Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. 1994. New York : Houghton-Mifflin. The Climate Change Action Plan. Washington, D.C.: The White House, October 1993 (with William J. Clinton)."Infrastructure for the global village: computers, networks and public policy." Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks, September 1991. 265(3): 150–153. Notes

References

Bibliography

 Agre, Phil. Who Invented "Invented"? : Tracing the Real Story of the "<mask> Gore Invented the Internet" Hoax. October 17, 2000
 Campbell-Kelly, Martin; Aspray, William."Chapter 12." Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: BasicBooks, 1996. Chapman, Gary and Marc Rotenberg. The National Information Infrastructure:A Public Interest Opportunity. In Computers, Ethics, & Social Values. Deborah G. Johnson and Helen Nissanbaum (eds.).Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995: 628–644. Cockburn, <mask>. <mask>: A User's Manual (2000) (with Jeffrey St. Clair)
 Kirk, Andrew G. Counterculture Green: The Whole Earth Catalog and American Environmentalism. Lawrence: Univ. of Kansas Press, 2007. Rheingold, Howard. "Afterword to the 1994 edition."The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier (revised edition). Cambridge: MIT, 2000. Stix, Gary. Gigabit Gestalt: Clinton and <mask> embrace an activist technology policy . Scientific American, May 1993. Turque, Bill, Inventing <mask>'', Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2000,

External links

 Board of Trustees at World Economic Forum

  including his Nobel Lecture December 10, 2007

1948 births
1992 United States vice-presidential candidates
1996 United States vice-presidential candidates
Living people
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century vice presidents of the United States
20th-century American writers
20th-century Baptists
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century vice presidents of the United States
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century Baptists
Activists from Tennessee
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
American bloggers
American environmentalists
American financiers
American investors
American male bloggers
American male writers
American mass media owners
American Nobel laureates
American non-fiction environmental writers
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
American philanthropists
American political activists
American political writers
American war correspondents of the Vietnam War
Anti-consumerists
Baptists from Tennessee
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C. Climate activists
Climate change in the United States
Clinton administration cabinet members
Columbia University faculty
Democratic Party (United States) presidential nominees
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Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party United States senators
Democratic Party vice presidents of the United States
Directors of Apple Inc.
Google people
Al
Grammy Award winners
Green thinkers
Harvard College alumni
International Emmy Founders Award winners
Internet pioneers
Journalists from Washington, D.C.
Kleiner Perkins people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Middle Tennessee State University faculty
Military personnel from Tennessee
Nobel Peace Prize laureates
People from Belle Meade, Tennessee
People from Carthage, Tennessee
People from Nashville, Tennessee
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Private equity and venture capital investors
Sierra Club awardees
St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
Tennessee Democrats
United States Army soldiers
Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election
Candidates in the 2000 United States presidential election
United States senators from Tennessee
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Vanderbilt University alumni
Vice presidents of the United States
Washington, D.C. Democrats
Writers from Tennessee
Members of the American Philosophical

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<mask> (July 8, 1923 - August 13, 2001) was a Spanish linguist, historian, and university professor who specialized in the study of dialectology and philology of the Spanish language. Throughout his career, <mask> oversaw and influenced the creation of many Spanish linguistic atlases; maps which recorded speech variations in a given geographical area. He served as Director of the Real Academia Española for four years, and was a member of language academies throughout Europe and Latin America. Early life and education
<mask> was born on July 8, 1923 in Benicarló, Castellón de la Plana, Spain. He began his studies at the Universidad de Zaragoza, where he was a student of <mask>, a renowned Spanish philologist. <mask> transferred to the Universidad de Salamanca and graduated from there in 1945 with the highest honors, with a degree in Philosophy and Spanish Literature. Just three years later, <mask> received his doctorate from the Universidad de Madrid.His primary teaching position was at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. <mask> married historian Elena Ezquerra and together they had seven sons, many of whom are likewise academics and linguistically inclined—one is a lexicographer and university linguistics professor; another teaches Romance language philology; a third teaches Latin philology. <mask> lost his battle to lung cancer in August 2001, at the age of 78. He is buried in Chinchón, a small town southeast of Madrid. Professional contributions and major areas of study

Fieldwork
<mask>'s research provides sociohistorical context of Spanish dialect diversification, outlined in his Manual de dialectología hispánica (1996). His studies cover Spanish dialect variants in his native country (especially in Andalucía, the Canary Islands, Navarra and Aragón regions), as well as Spanish dialects in the United States, South and Central America. <mask>'s study of Spanish in the Aragón region includes an in-depth historical background, development of orthography over time, personal names, and variation in syntax, morphology, and phonology, published in his 1953 work El Dialecto Aragonés.For <mask>'s later publication, "Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Aragón" (1979-1983), he and his team transcribed words pronounced in isolation, elicited from residents of the Aragón region. He used a similar method to elicit data from people living in the Canary Islands and published a linguistic atlas of this dialect in 1975. <mask> was a strong proponent of smaller linguistic atlases focusing on regional variation rather than larger national atlases—his Atlas Lingüístico de España y Portugal reflects this preference, though that atlas began more than 30 years ago with the fieldwork still not complete. <mask> has also been criticized for using overly traditional field methods in his dialectology studies, for example focusing on forms in isolation rather than in context, or leaving out morphosyntactic variables. Teaching
<mask> spent much of his professional life teaching. He began his teaching career in 1947 at the University of Salamanca as an adjunct professor. In 1948 he became chair of the department of Spanish languages at the University of Granada.<mask> also taught at the Autonomous University of Madrid and Universidad Complutense, securing chair positions at both universities in 1968 and 1971, respectively. He served as director of a program teaching Spanish language and culture to foreigners in Málaga from 1965-1968, and was known for his passion for teaching Spanish as a foreign language throughout his life. In 1966, <mask> developed an advanced Spanish philology course at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), leading it until 1997. He served as a visiting professor at universities in his native Spain as well as many foreign universities, and was nominated for awards at several universities in North and South America, as well as Europe. Membership in language academies
<mask> served as a member of several prestigious language academies. He served as Director of the Real Academia Española from 1988 until 1991. The Academy, based in Madrid, is the official royal institution responsible for overseeing the Spanish language.<mask> was also a member of the Academia Colombiana de la Lengua (specializing in the use of Spanish in Colombia and counseling the Colombian government in language affairs and regulations), la Academia Argentina de Letras (which is closely affiliated with the Royal Spanish Academy as a member of the Association of Spanish Language Academies), and la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua (likewise dedicated to the conservation and purity of the Spanish language as well as increasing the study of Spanish, according to its stated objectives). <mask> was also a member of several historical and cultural academies, including the Real Academia de la Historia, appointed to serve as director in 1999 (replacing Luis Díez del Corral). The Academia studies history "ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, of civilization, and of the culture of the Spanish people." Beginning in 1963, <mask> also served as director of the CSIC Department of Linguistic Geography and Dialectology, Spain's largest public institution dedicated to Spanish language research. Legacy

Influence
Although his work in dialectology has been the most influential, <mask>'s work broached other topics such as the linguistics of Romance languages in general, historical linguistics, toponymy, medieval literature (serving as principal investigator along with the University of Wisconsin in developing the Spanish Medieval Dictionary in 1978), translation, history of the Americas, among others. In terms of dialectology, <mask> wrote, directed, or coordinated the development of many linguistic atlases and Spanish-language research published in Spain and Latin America during the second half of the 20th century, including the Atlas Lingüístico y Etnográfico de Andalucía (ALEA), the Atlas Lingüístico de España y Portugal (ALEP), the Atlas Lingüístico de Castilla y León (ALCyL), and the Linguistic and Ethnographical Atlas of Argentina (AleCuyo). Alvar served as a member of the Executive Committee of the Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) in Holland in 1971, a linguistic atlas supported by UNESCO which includes Altaic languages, Basque, Indo-European languages, Ibero-Caucasian languages, Semitic languages and Uralic languages.Forty-seven national committees and four minority language committees worked on this atlas. Other important atlases <mask> has worked on include an Atlas Lingüístico de Andalucía (1957-1959). In his work on Spanish in the United States, he worked closely with the Comité Conjunto Hispano-Norteamericano to develop an atlas there, and in 1991 produced one of the most comprehensive atlases of the Latin America, Atlas Lingüístico de Hispanoamérica. <mask> continued to publish books and journal articles until late in life. Controversy
<mask> has been criticized by his contemporaries for an overly nationalistic and colonialist viewpoint on the Spanish language. In his final year as director of the Real Academia Española, <mask> responded harshly to the European Commission (an institution of the European Union) after it requested that Spain revoke its law that all typewriters, computers and printers sold domestically include the tilde, a Spanish diacritical mark. <mask> declared that "[T]he tilde is our tradition and our identity."He also received criticism for a statement he made in 1991 about indigenous languages, stating, "Mexico knew better than anybody else the value of having a language that unifies, that liberates the indigenous communities from their backwardness and misery...the path to freedom runs through hispanization." Awards and recognition
<mask> received many prestigious awards during his life, and after his death has been honored with awards given in his name. He lectured throughout the world, and received numerous degrees honoris causa. Beginning in 1991 he was appointed member of the Colegio Libre de Eméritos at the University of Madrid. <mask> won the coveted Premio Nacional de Literatura in 1976 for his work in sociolinguistics and linguistic geography, and presided over the Fifth International Congress of Linguistic Studies in the Mediterranean (Málaga, 1973). <mask> received a Fulbright grant for his work on "Atlas de los marineros peninsulares." He received the coveted Premio Nacional de Investigación (awarded by Spanish National Research Council) for his 1960 publication "Estructura del léxico andaluz" and the Premio Nacional de Literatura por Aragón in 1976.The Institución Fernando el Católico created a position entitled "<mask> Chair of the Linguistics Department" in his honor in 1985, while the National University of San Juan (Argentina) created the "Instituto de Filología Manuel Alvar" in 1992, in recognition of his work . The Fundación José Manuel Lara (in Seville) grants an award for excellence in the humanities each year in <mask>'s name, beginning in 1993. Major publications
<mask> published works in more than 170 books and 600 scientific articles throughout his lifetime, below are listed some of his most-cited works. 1947: "Dialectical Boundaries in the Pyrenees"
 1953: "El dialecto aragonés" (The Aragon dialect)
 1960: Texto hispánicos dialectales (Text of Spanish Dialects)
 1961: Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Andalucia (Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Andalusia)
 1969: Variedad y unidad del español (Variety and Uniformity of Spanish)
 1976: "El dialecto riojano" (The Rioja dialect)
 1977: Estudios lingüísticos sobre la Amazona colombiana (Linguistic Studies of the Colombian Amazon)
 1996: Manual de dialectología hispánica: el español de América (Manual of Spanish Dialectology: the Spanish of the Americas)
 1996: Manual de dialectologia hispánica: el español de España (Manual of Spanish Dialectology: the Spanish of Spain)

References

External Links
 <mask> in Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
Giuseppe Di Stefano. "<mask> Alvar López (1923-2001)", in: Asociación Hispánica de Literatura Medieval. Miembros de Honor

1923 births
2001 deaths
Linguists from Spain
University of Salamanca alumni
20th-century linguists

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<mask>, Sr. (March 16, 1863 – May 20, 1939), was an American Democratic politician from Louisiana, who served as the state's 37th Governor from 1920 to 1924. He was a friend and admirer of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. Early years
<mask> was born in Bethel Church, Mississippi to <mask> and Roberta Bunchner, wealthy parents whose families each owned substantial plantation lands in that state. He was educated at the historic prep school Chamberlain-Hunt Academy in Port Gibson, Mississippi, Belle View Academy in Virginia, and Eastman Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York. A prominent businessman, he was the president of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange and the Board of Trade. In 1891, <mask> participated in the mob that lynched eleven Italian immigrants in New Orleans, avenging the murder of Police Chief David C. Hennessy. He refused to apologize for his role because he believed the mass lynching was justified.<mask> the Progressive
<mask> first ran for governor in 1916 as the nominee of Roosevelt's 1912 Progressive Party and polled 37.2 percent of the vote against the Democratic choice, Ruffin Golson Pleasant of Shreveport. Later in 1916, the national Progressive Party chose <mask> as its candidate for vice president, but Roosevelt returned to the GOP fold and endorsed Charles Evans Hughes for president. The Democrats Woodrow Wilson and <mask> were nevertheless reelected to the presidency and vice presidency. Four years later, <mask> returned to the Democratic fold, considered an essential move to win a Louisiana election at the time, and was elected governor with former opponent Pleasant's support. Louisiana governors were then term-limited after a single four-year term but could seek second terms after sitting out four years. <mask>'s record as governor

As governor, <mask> was known for his interest in building gravel roads in rural areas. There were few paved highways at the time in Louisiana.<mask> advocated increased oil and gas severance taxes to finance public education. Huey Pierce Long, Jr., criticized <mask>'s tax plan as "too little" for the state's needs. <mask> also opposed the New Orleans political machine. Like Roosevelt, <mask> was a staunch conservationist of natural resources and the environment. He also was skeptical of large business combinations that tended to become monopolies. <mask> led the move to draw up the Louisiana Constitution of 1921. He also pushed for the relocation of Louisiana State University from the downtown to the southern part of Baton Rouge.His old rival Huey Long later tried to mold LSU into the Long mystique. <mask> failed to increase educational funding to the level desired and to expand state civil service protection. He often found that his fiscal conservatism was in conflict with his progressive spirit. In 1922, he sent the Federal Bureau of Investigation a message begging for help in fighting the Ku Klux Klan, which had grown so powerful in Louisiana that it not only controlled the northern half of the state but had kidnapped, tortured, and killed two people who opposed it. <mask> commuted the death sentences of two African Americans, Chester Tyson and <mask>, convicted in a notorious murder case in the community of Grove in Webster Parish in northwestern Louisiana. On Christmas Day 1916, the family of <mask> Reeves, including his wife <mask>e and three of their four children, were bludgeoned to death by a group of axe-wielding men. The presumed motive for the killing was money that Reeves, who distrusted banks, had boasted of having stashed away in a mattress in his house.The prosecutor in the case, Harmon Caldwell Drew of Minden, had been on the job for less than a month when the crime occurred. The district judge in the case was <mask>. Sandlin, later a U.S. representative and like Drew a resident of Minden and an occasional intraparty opponent of Huey Long and his family. A petition sent to the Louisiana Board of Pardons claimed that two white men, Henry Waller and <mask> Long, had actually planned and carried out the crime but had each received life sentences, rather than the death penalty. Governor <mask>, on Sandlin's recommendation, commuted the sentences of Tyson and Peters to twenty years, and they were released in 1936. <mask> blamed the confusion over the case on his predecessor, Governor Pleasant, for having hesitated in carrying out the initial sentence of hanging. Post-gubernatorial years
After his gubernatorial term ended, <mask> devoted himself to his experimental farm at Bayou Sara near St. Francisville in West Feliciana Parish. In June 1929, he was named president of the Constitutional League of Louisiana, which was organized at the St. Charles Hotel in New Orleans to "save the state from Huey Long".State Senator Norris C. Williamson of East Carroll Parish became the vice-president of the 300-member group. Two other former governors, Jared Y. Sanders, Sr., and Ruffin Pleasant also spoke out against the Long political organization. <mask> died in 1939 at the age of seventy-six in Pass Christian, Mississippi, east of New Orleans. He is interred at Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans. The 12,000-seat <mask><mask> Agricultural Coliseum on the LSU campus is named in his honor. World War I
Roosevelt selected <mask> as one of eighteen officers (others included Seth Bullock, Frederick Russell Burnham, and James Rudolph Garfield) to raise a volunteer infantry division, Roosevelt's World War I volunteers, for service in France in 1917. The U.S. Congress gave Roosevelt the authority to raise up to four divisions similar to the Rough Riders of the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment and to the British Army 25th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers; however, as commander-in-chief, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson refused to make use of the volunteers, and the unit hence disbanded.References

Notes
 Political Graveyard
 State of Louisiana – Biography

External links
 Cemetery Memorial by La-Cemeteries

 <mask><mask> Papers at  The Historic New Orleans Collection

Governors of Louisiana
1863 births
1939 deaths
Eastman Business College alumni
Farmers from Louisiana
Businesspeople from Louisiana
Politicians from New Orleans
American Presbyterians
People from Washington, Louisiana
People from St. Francisville, Louisiana
Louisiana Democrats
Louisiana Progressives (1912)
Huey Long
Burials at Metairie Cemetery
Democratic Party state governors of the United States

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<mask> (born June 25, 1965) is a Nigerian politician and the current Governor of Lagos State. He became governor under the platform of the All Progressives Congress after contesting and unexpectedly winning the gubernatorial primaries under the All Progressives Congress against incumbent Governor Akinwunmi Ambode of Lagos State in October 2019. He is a graduate of the University of Lagos, as well as the London Business School, Lagos Business School and the John F. Kennedy School of Government. Before his gubernatorial ambition, he was the managing director and CEO of Lagos State Property Development Corporation (LSPDC). Education
Sanwo-Olu has a BSc in Surveying and an MBA from the University of Lagos. He is an alumnus of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, the London Business School and the Lagos Business School. He is an associate member of the Chartered Institute of Personnel Management (CIPM) and fellow of the Nigeria Institute of Training and Development (NITAD).Career

Banking
<mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu was the treasurer at former Lead Merchant Bank from 1994 to 1997 after which he moved to the United Bank for Africa as the head of foreign money market. He then proceeded to First Inland Bank, Plc (now First City Monument Bank) as a deputy general manager and divisional head. He was the chairman of Baywatch Group Limited and First Class Group Limited. Public service
<mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu began his political career in 2003, when he was appointed a Special Adviser on Corporate Matters to the then deputy governor of Lagos State, Femi Pedro. He was later made the acting Commissioner for Economic Planning and Budget until 2007, when he was appointed as the Commissioner for Commerce and Industry by then Governor, Bola Tinubu. After the General Elections of 2007, <mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu was appointed Commissioner for Establishments, Training and Pensions by Governor Babatunde Fashola. <mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu was made Managing Director/CEO of the Lagos State Development and Property Corporation (LSDPC) by Governor Akinwunmi Ambode in 2016.Some of his notable public sector achievements include the supervision of the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) privatization projects. He set up and was the Pioneer Board Chairman of Lagos Security Trust Fund. The LAGBUS System and the Control & Command Centre in Alausa Ikeja were subsequently established under his directives. Politics
On 16 September 2018, <mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu formally declared his intention to run for the office of the governor of Lagos State under the platform of the All Progressives Congress (APC) making him a major contender to the incumbent governor Akinwunmi Ambode. His declaration attracted endorsements from major stakeholders in Lagos State politics; including the Governor’s Advisory Council of the Lagos chapter of the All Progressives Congress and members of the Lagos State House of Assembly, which led to withdrawal of Dr. Femi Hamzat, a governorship aspirant on the platform of the All Progressives Congress APC in Lagos from the gubernatorial race. He won the Lagos gubernatorial primaries of the All Progressives Congress (APC) on 2 October 2018. At the APC flag-off campaign rally held on 8 January 2019, Governor of Lagos, Akinwunmi Ambode, and 63 political parties lent their support for the candidacy of Mr <mask> Sanwo-Olu.In a landslide victory over his opponent, Jimi Agbaje, Sanwo-Olu was elected to the Office of Governor of Lagos State at the 2019 General elections for Lagos State which held on 9 March 2019. He was sworn in as the 15th Governor of Lagos State at the Tafawa Balewa Square (TBS) Lagos Island on Wednesday May 29, 2019. He has been working on different development activities, one of which is road construction across major areas in Lagos state. Recently, Sanwo-olu asked that the statue of Fela Kuti that was erected by Akinwunmi Ambode be removed from Allen Avenue in Ikeja as he to ease the situation of traffic in that area. However, the statue is said to be relocated to a more convenient area in Lagos state. The Governor commissioned the Oshodi - Abule-Egba BRT Lane amongst other projects in 2020. Controversies

Corruption
In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sanwo-Olu was reported to have mismanaged relief funds for the pandemic.The PDP called for an enquiry into the expenditure. In January 2022, the Peoples Gazette reported that the Sanwo-Olu administration had increased the state government’s monthly payment to Alpha Beta LLC from ₦800 million to ₦2.5 billion. The government payments for tax processing had long been controversial as Alpha Beta is extensively controlled by former Lagos State Governor and Sanwo-Olu ally Bola Tinubu; however, the payment rose during the Sanwo-Olu administration prior to Tinubu's 2023 presidential campaign. Speculation arose that the increased government payments were meant to help fund the Tinubu campaign in exchange for Tinubu's support for Sanwo-Olu's re-election campaign. Lekki massacre
On 20 October 2020, during the End SARS protests, the governor imposed a 24-hour curfew starting at 4p.m., which was subsequently extended to begin at 9p.m. Just before 7p.m., soldiers and policemen were deployed to disband the protests. This led to the shooting and killing of an unconfirmed number of protesters, leaving others injured.Amidst the outcry over the shooting, the judicial panel Sanwo-Olu set up earlier that week to look into police brutality started to investigate the incident. Over a year later in November 2021, the panel released its report on the shooting, stating that at least nine people were shot dead and declaring it a "massacre" in direct contradiction to Army statements. However, Sanwo-Olu immediately set up a committee to write a white paper on the panel's report and the white paper committee swiftly denied any deaths occurred leading to criticism from civil society and protesters. Awards

<mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu has obtained a variety of awards in his career, some of which include:

 Platinum award from the Lagos State Public Service Club. 2009 Best in Human Capital Development award from the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). Merit award from the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria. Merit award from the Chartered Institute of Personnel Management in Nigeria (CIPMN).Merit Award from the Association of Professional Women Engineers of Nigeria (APWEN). LSDPC Impactful Leadership and Recognition Award. Media Nite-Out Award for Best Governor of the Year (2020). Personal life
<mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu is married to Dr. Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu. See also

List of Yoruba people
List of Governors of Lagos State

References

Politicians from Lagos
1965 births
Living people
Yoruba politicians
University of Lagos alumni
Governors of Lagos State
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Alumni of London Business School
All Progressives Congress politicians
People from Lagos State
Nigerian Pentecostals
Lagos Business School alumni

masks:
Babajide Olusola Sanwo Olu
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