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<mask> (born 7 June 1943) is an English actor, director and writer. Together with director <mask>, he founded the English Shakespeare Company in 1986 and was its Joint Artistic Director until 1992. He has written ten books, directed in the UK, US, Romania and Japan, and is an Honorary Associate Artist of the Royal Shakespeare Company. He is popularly known as Moff Jerjerrod in the original Star Wars trilogy film Return of the Jedi. <mask> was born in Cambridge, the son of a Scottish mother and a Welsh father, and grew up in London. He was educated at Marlborough College, became a member of the National Youth Theatre and then read English at Trinity College, Cambridge. Theatre work
He joined the Royal Shakespeare Company on graduation and remained in a junior capacity from 1964 to 1966, playing among other things Fortinbras in David Warner's 1965 Hamlet.He then left the company for eight years and worked in London, both on the stage (in John Mortimer's The Judge, Christopher Hampton's Savages and Tony Richardson's production of Hamlet with Nicol Williamson), and on TV in many single dramas. He returned to the RSC in 1974 to play Angelo in Measure for Measure, beginning a relationship with the company as a leading actor which culminated in his own performance of Hamlet in 1980/81: he also played Berowne in Love's Labour's Lost, Edgar in King Lear, and in new work by David Rudkin, David Edgar and Howard Brenton and classic works by Sean O'Casey, Euripides and William Congreve. He then left the company for a further eight years before appearing in Stephen Poliakoff's Playing with Trains, and ten years after that in the title role of Timon of Athens. In the meanwhile he appeared at the National Theatre in 1984 in Tolstoy's Strider, for which he was nominated for an Olivier Award, in Thomas Otway's Venice Preserv'd, and also premiered his solo show Anton Chekhov which he has been regularly touring internationally ever since. He also played Raskolnikov in Yuri Lyubimov's famous adaptation of Crime and Punishment, and Henry in Tom Stoppard's The Real Thing in London's West End and played the title role in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex on BBC TV in 1985. In 1986, <mask> and director <mask> together founded the English Shakespeare Company. As joint artistic director, he starred in the company's inaugural productions of The Henrys and, in 1987, the seven-play history cycle of The Wars of the Roses, which toured worldwide and was televised.Pennington played such parts as Richard II, Prince Hal/Henry V and Jack Cade (Olivier Award Nomination). In subsequent seasons with the ESC, he played Leontes in The Winter's Tale and the title roles in Macbeth and Coriolanus (Olivier Award Nomination) and directed Twelfth Night, which he then also directed for the Haiyuza Theatre Company in Tokyo and for the Chicago Shakespeare Theatre. Since the 1970s, he has appeared frequently with Judi Dench and also with her husband <mask>. The third time he played opposite Dench was in Peter Shaffer's play The Gift of the Gorgon, in 1992, in which they appeared as a married couple. His other West End work in the 1990s included Archie Rice in The Entertainer, Claudius and the Ghost in Hamlet, Major Arnold in Taking Sides (Ronald Harwood), Oscar Wilde in Gross Indecency, Sir John Brute in Farquhar'sThe Provok’d Wife, Henry Trebell in Harley Granville Barker's Waste, Trigorin in The Seagull, and the title role in Molière's The Misanthrope. In the first Harold Pinter Festival in Dublin he played in Pinter's Old Times and One for the Road. In 1998, he worked with Sir Peter Hall and other actors to run a workshop at the National Theatre Studio, which received considerable plaudits.His stage work in the 2000s included Joe Orton's What the Butler Saw (National tour), the title role in
The Guardsman (West End), David Mamet's The Shawl (Crucible Theatre Sheffield), Walter Burns in The Front Page, (Chichester Festival Theatre), the title roles in Ibsen's John Gabriel Borkman and Alan Bennett's The Madness of George III, and Dr Dorn in Chekhov's The Seagull, directed by Peter Stein for the Edinburgh Festival)
In 2003 he directed A Midsummer Night's Dream in Regent's Park Open Air Theatre and The Hamlet Project
for the National Theatre in Bucharest. In 2005 he appeared in David Greig's The Cosmonaut's Last Message... (Donmar Warehouse); Colder Than Here (Soho Theatre), and in the title role in Nathan the Wise (Hampstead Theatre). He also played a sequence of real-life characters such as Sidney Cockerell in The Best of Friends (Hampstead Theatre 2006), 2007 : Robert Maxwell in The Bargain by Ian Curteis (2007), Charles Dickens in Little Nell by Simon Gray (2007), Wilhelm Furtwangler in Pinter's Taking Sides and Richard Strauss in Collaboration by Ronald Harwood (Chichester and West End, 2008–9) He had previously played the other central role in Taking Sides in the West End, with Pinter directing. In 2006 he premièred his second one-man show, this one on Shakespeare, Sweet William, and in 2009 he worked with Peter Brook for the first time in Love is My Sin for a European Tour and in New York. In 2010 he returned to Chichester to play the title role in Ibsen's The Master Builder, and the following year Dr Fabio in The Syndicate by Eduardo de Filippo opposite Ian McKellen. In 2012 he played his fifth consecutive Chichester season as Antony in Antony and Cleopatra opposite Kim Cattrall. Notable performances since then have been as Edgar in Strindberg's The Dance of Death, adapted by Howard Brenton, at the Gate Theatre, as John of Gaunt in Richard II (RSC), and as Anthony Blunt in Alan Bennett's Single Spies, at the Rose Theatre Kingston.In 2014 he performed the title role in King Lear for Theatre for a New Audience in New York, before undertaking a further tour of his solo Shakespeare show Sweet William (Oregon, Tel Aviv, France). He recorded the part of Euripides in Macedonia by David Rudkin for Radio 3, and in 2015 plans to take his solo show Anton Chekhov to Moscow. In 2015 he performed Sweet William in Argentina and Uruguay at the Festival Shakespeare Buenos Aires and Festival Shakespeare Uruguay, organized by Yorick Entertainment Group. He played <mask> in The Iron Lady with Meryl Streep; and among his notable TV appearances have been in the title role of Oedipus Rex and in the television movie The Return of Sherlock Holmes. He has also played Holmes's nemesis, Professor Moriarty in two BBC Radio dramatizations of the Holmes short stories The Final Problem in 1992 and The Empty House in 1993. He is the author of the book Are You There, Crocodile? which combines biographical material about the Russian playwright Anton Chekhov with an account of the writing of his highly successful one-man show about Chekhov; the full text of which is included.He has also written three books about individual Shakespeare plays, "Sweet William - Twenty Thousand Hours with Shakespeare", and most recently Let Me Play the Lion Too - How to Be an Actor for Faber and Faber. His solo show "Sweet William" is available as a DVD. <mask> has also worked as a narrator on many TV documentaries. In April 2004 he became the second actor, after Harley Granville-Barker in 1925, to deliver the British Academy's annual Shakespeare lecture. The lecture was entitled Barnadine's Straw: The Devil in Shakespeare's Detail. Personal life
In 1964, <mask> married actress Katharine Barker, with whom he had a son, Mark, before they divorced in 1967. Beginning in 1978, when they appeared together in Love's Labour's Lost, he shared a flat with actress Jane Lapotaire in St John's Wood, London, though at the time Lapotaire said they were "just friends".Inventing Anton Chekhov (2003)
 A Pocket Guide to Ibsen, Chekhov and Strindberg (2004)
 A Midsummer Night's Dream: A User's Guide (2005)
 Sweet William: Twenty Thousand Hours with Shakespeare (2012)
 Let Me Play the Lion Too - How to Be an Actor (2015)
 King Lear in Brooklyn (2016)

References

Sweet William: A User's Guide to Shakespeare Nick Hern books, Published 2012

External links

Website dedicated to <mask>ington

1943 births
Living people
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Royal Shakespeare Company members
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male film actors
English people of Scottish descent
English people of Welsh descent
People from Cambridge
Male actors from London
National Youth Theatre members

masks:
Michael Vivian Fyfe Pennington
Michael Bogdanov
Background Pennington
Pennington
Michael Bogdanov
Michael Williams
Michael Foot
Pennington
Pennington
Michael Penn


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<mask> (born 17 August 1941) is an Indian economist and a retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1964 batch belonging to Andhra Pradesh cadre. <mask> served as governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), India's central bank, from September 2003 until September 2008. In 2010, he was awarded India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan. Early life
<mask> was born on 17 August 1941 in a Telugu family in Patur village, Kadapa district of present-day Andhra Pradesh, India. Education and honours
<mask> received his M.A. in economics from Madras University, India, and his PhD from Osmania University, Hyderabad. He also holds a diploma in economic planning from the Institute of Social Studies, Netherlands.<mask> was awarded the degrees of Doctor of Letters (Honoris Causa) by Sri Venkateswara University, India; and Doctor of Civil Law (Honoris Causa) by the University of Mauritius. On 17 July 2008, he was made an Honorary Fellow of the London School of Economics. He has been a Visiting Fellow, London School of Economics, a full-time UGC Visiting Professor in Department of Business Management, Osmania University; full-time Visiting Faculty, Administrative Staff College of India and continues to be Honorary Professor at Centre for Economic and Social Studies at Hyderabad. <mask> was also Distinguished Professor of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras. Positions held
In 1996, <mask> had been appointed deputy governor of RBI. He has also worked with the International Monetary Fund as executive director in 2002. Prior to joining the Indian Administrative Services (IAS), he worked as a lecturer from 1961.While in the IAS, he held the positions of secretary (banking) in Ministry of Finance and principal secretary in Government of Andhra Pradesh and has worked with the governments of China, Bahrain, Ethiopia and Tanzania. <mask> was Member of The Commission of Experts of the president of the UN General Assembly on Reforms of International Monetary and Financial System. In addition to the chair, Professor Joseph Stiglitz (USA), members of this UN Commission were drawn from Japan, Western Europe, Africa, Latin America, South and East Asia. <mask> was president of the Indian Econometric Society during 2011. <mask> was on the advisory board of Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET). The INET advisory board includes Nobel laureates as well as other prominent economists. <mask> was on International Advisory Board of the Columbia Program on Indian Economic Policies, Columbia University, New York.He was a Member of an informal international group of prominent persons on International Monetary Reforms. He was also on Advisory Group of eminent persons to advise the finance minister of India on G-20 issues. He was the chairman of the Fourteenth Finance Commission of India since 3 January 2013. <mask> was appointed the twenty-first governor of the Reserve Bank of India on 6 September 2003 and served in that position for five years. Contributions
<mask> has worked on piloting a calibrated approach to financial sector reforms. A 19 December 2008 article in the New York Times has credited the tough lending standards he imposed on the Indian banks as RBI Governor for saving the Indian banking system from the sub-prime and liquidity crisis of 2008. At the Reserve Bank, he was Member-Secretary of two high level committees chaired by RBI governor Dr. C. Rangarajan: one on Balance of payments and the other on Public Sector disinvestments.<mask> was also a member of the Reserve Bank of India's Policy Group on External Debt Statistics. <mask> is credited to have played a crucial role in framing macro-economic policies that helped quarantine the country from the domino effect of the financial crisis encountered by the South-East Asian countries during the later part of the 1990s. He, along with Dr. C. Rangarajan, is also credited with the formulation of the course to be steered by the country to come out of the then Balance of Payments crisis. In the Indian context, he was the first to use the term 'financial inclusion' in April 2005 in his Annual Policy Statement as Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. Banks were urged in the Annual Policy Statement to review their existing practices to align them with the objective of financial inclusion. As Governor, he saw his job as making sure Indian banks did not get too caught up in the bubble mentality. He banned the use of bank loans for the purchase of raw land, and sharply curtailed securitisations and derivatives, and essentially prohibited off-balance sheet financing.He increased risk weightings on commercial buildings and shopping mall construction and increased bank reserve requirements. In one of his interview, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Professor of Economics at Columbia University and Nobel Laureate, had said 'If America had a central bank chief like Y.V<mask>, the US economy would not have been in such a mess.' Less well-discussed is his work on rural banking, particularly on reviving co-operative banks and his focus on the common person. His term was marked by an emphasis on financial inclusion with the aid of information technology. He is widely consulted on many financial issues by institutions both in India as well as the world over. Publications

<mask> authored a book titled "India and The Global Financial Crisis : Managing Money and Finance" in 2009.This book provides insights into the making of public policies across a spectrum of areas between the years 2003 and 2008, a period of rapid growth of the Indian economy. He came out with a sequel "Global Crisis, Recession and Uneven Recovery" which provided a thinker and experienced policymaker's understanding of the genesis, anatomy and impact of the financial crisis, and of the lessons it offered. Navigating through the debates between 2010 and 2012 on the continuing global financial crisis, his 2013 book "Economic Policies and India's Reform Agenda: New Thinking" reflected the confidence of <mask> who steered the nation's banks to safer waters. "Advice & Dissent" published in 2017 is <mask>'s memoir. Speeches and remarks

23 speeches given by <mask> during his term as RBI governor (2003 to 2008) are in the public domain. Other speeches are also in the public domain, for example:

<mask>'s presidential address on "A Tale of Two Commissions and Missing Links"  at the 97th Annual Conference of the Indian Economic Association (IEA) in Udaipur on 27 December 2014, dwelt at length on the origin, evolution, linkages, achievements, limitations and the debates relating to the two major commissions on economic affairs in India. He also cited the success of the Chinese model where the concept of 'plan' had been replaced by 'guideline' in the country's 11th Five Year programme.He noted "The change led to China's transition from a Soviet-style planned economy to a socialist market economy and gained greater responsibility and power in overseeing China's economic development". <mask> was invited to deliver the prestigious The Per Jacobsson Foundation Lecture in June 2012 at the Bank for International Settlements in Switzerland. In this lecture on 'Society, Economic Policies and the Financial Sector', the main message he gave was that society has put its trust in central banks and as such it expects central bank to ensure trust and confidence in money and finance and serve the interest of the masses. In popular culture
Timothy Geithner, former US Secretary of the Treasury and president of Federal Reserve Bank of New York, in his book Stress Test: Reflections on Financial Crises, published in May 2014, wrote about his brief encounter with India's former Central Bank Governor Y.V<mask> who gave him a copy of  "Complications: Notes from the Life of a Young Surgeon" by Atul Gawande. [<mask>] told me it was the best book I would ever read about central banking, and the parallels with financial crisis management really are striking. It's about making life-or-death decisions in a fog of uncertainty, dealing with the constant risk of catastrophic failure.Later while talking with Martin Wolf during his lunch with the Financial Times, Geithner mentions "It was a fascinating book, in part because he [Gawande] described how in that profession they do things that in economics we don’t that well. They have these things they call morbidity and mortality reviews every Friday, where they go over mistakes." This story received mention in several book reviews. In a book review, Sam McNerney notes <mask>'s recommendation is surprising but sensible. Gawande, a surgeon by trade, has knack for elucidating the inefficiencies of modern medicine and contrasting hospital management with business management. In another review of this book, Eric Warters write "To be clear, this book has absolutely nothing to do with central banking, at least not on the surface of it. This book is Dr. Gawande's retellings of myriad medical emergencies he encountered as a surgeon and how he managed the stress, uncertainty, and challenges that they brought on.For Geithner, the parallels were striking, as both men had to act quickly with limited information, sometimes on a hunch, with dire consequences at stake." Controversies
<mask> often courted controversy for deliberately guiding the Indian Rupee lower through verbal intervention. Some of his media talks were perceived as ill-timed. In December 2003, <mask> was dragged into a controversy, when someone impersonating him called the then regional director of RBI Bhopal, Uma Subramaniam and asked her to lend  for a personal emergency. Subramaniam was able to collect only INR 9,00,000 by various means which included coercing her staff members. She then handed over the money to an accomplice of the impostor. She did not get back to <mask> regarding this incident.The sensational fraud rocked and embarrassed the RBI, and infuriated <mask>, who insisted on a full inquiry. References

External links

 India's Financial Secret Weapon
 Reserve Bank of India

20th-century Indian economists
1941 births
Living people
University of Madras alumni
Osmania University alumni
Governors of the Reserve Bank of India
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs
People from Kadapa
Honorary Fellows of the London School of Economics
Indian civil servants
Indian Administrative Service officers
Institute for New Economic Thinking
Reserve Bank of India
Telugu people

masks:
Yaga Venugopal Reddy
Reddy
Yaga Venugopal Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
. Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
. Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy


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<mask>, also known as <mask>wda was a chieftain under the Vijayanagara Empire. The city of Bengaluru, which is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka, was fortified by <mask>da in 1537. He erected many Kannada inscriptions in the region. <mask> was one of the well-educated and successful rulers of his time. Being a successor of Kempananje Gowda, descendants of Morasu Gowda lineage started as Yelahankanadu Prabhus (ruler of Yelhankanadu). The Yelahankanadu Prabhus were Gowdas or tillers of the land. Fourth in succession from Rana Bhairave Gowda, founder of the dynasty of Avati Nadu Prabhus and great grandson of Jaya Gowda, who established separate dynasty, is the famous Yelahanka Nadu Prabhus, <mask> who ruled for 46 years commencing his reign from 1513.Jaya Gowda accepted the sovereignty of the Vijayanagar emperor. He later left Yelankanadu and was successful in planning and building Bengaluru Fort and Bengaluru Pete, the foundation of the current city of Bengaluru. He is also noted for his societal reforms and contribution to building temples and water reservoirs in Bengaluru. His ancestral origin is near Denkanikottai town in Krishnagiri District

Kempegowda's birth anniversary celebrations are organized by the state government every year across Karnataka from 27 June 2017, and is seen as Kempegowda day or ′Kempegowda Jayanthi′. An award is established and named after the ruler, called Kempegowda Award, which is presented annually at ceremony held by BBMP. Early life and concept of Bengaluru
Hiriya <mask> Gowda was born in Yelahanka and was the son of Morasu Vokkaliga  Kempananje Gowda, who had ruled Yelhankanadu for more than 70 years. The powerful chiefly family had moved from Kanchi in Tamil Nadu to Karnataka in the early fifteenth century and served the Vijaynagar Empire.They were originally from Karnataka and were a Kannada speaking community, although well versed in Telugu. <mask> <mask>, who is reputed to have shown leadership skills during his childhood, was educated at Gurukula in Aivarukandapura (Aigondapura), a village near Hesaraghatta, for nine years. <mask> <mask> assumed the chieftaincy from his father in 1513. It is said that <mask> Gowda got the vision of building a big futuristic city during a hunting expedition when he went towards Shivanasamudra (near Hesaraghatta) from Yelahanka with his Minister Veeranna and Advisor Gidde <mask>. He envisioned the city to have a fort, a cantonment, tanks (water reservoirs), temples and people of all trades and professions to live in it. He conquered Sivaganga principality,  from Bangalore on Bangalore-Pune highway. Next he annexed Domlur, which is on the road from Bangalore to the old Bangalore airport.Within this vast forest area, with the necessary Imperial permission of the Vijayanagar Emperor, Achyutharaya (Dasarahalli record dated 1532) he built Bangalore Fort and the town in AD 1537, and moved his capital from Yelahanka to the new Bengaluru Pete. Construction of Bengaluru
<mask> Gowda built a red fort with eight gates and a moat surrounding it. Inside the fort two wide roads ran from North to South and East to West. The other roads were made parallel or perpendicular to them. On an auspicious moment fixed by an astrologer, <mask> Gowda harnessed the bullocks to the ploughs at the central Doddapete square, at the junction of Doddapete (Avenue Road) and Chikka pete, got the ground ploughed and worked the four main streets running in four directions. One ran from Halasoor (Ulsoor) Gate to Sondekoppa Road from East to West, and another from Yelahanka Gate to the Fort running from North to South. These roads are the present Nagarthapete and Chikka pete; and Doddapete respectively.The streets and the Blocks were demarcated for the purpose they were meant, like for business or residences etc. Streets of Doddapete, Chikkapete, Nagartha-pete were for marketing of general merchandise; Aralepete (Cotton pet), Tharagupete, Akki pete, Ragipete, Balepete etc. were for marketing of commodities like cotton, grain, rice, ragi, and bangles respectively: kurubarapete, Kumbara-pete, Ganigarapete, Upparapete etc. were for trades and crafts, and residences of Kuruba, Kumbara, Ganiga, Uppara castes respectively and similar petes' (Blocks). Halasoorpete, Manava-rthepete, Mutyalapete (Ballapurapete) etc. were meant for other groups of the society. The Agraharas were for the priests and learned classes.He got skilled artisans and craftsmen from the neighboring as well as far off places and got them settled so that they could pursue their vocations. Temples of Vinayaka and Anjaneya were built at the Northern Yelahanka Gate of the fort (near the present head office of State Bank of Mysore). Dodda Basavannanagudi (The Bull Temple) and in its neighbourhood, Dodda Vinayaka and Dodda Anjaneya and Veerabhadhra temples were also built outside the fort on the southern side. Gavi Gangadhareshwara temple was also built by <mask> Gowda. <mask> <mask> I encouraged the construction of temples and lakes and planned residential layouts, or agraharams, around each temple. The construction of the mud fort and several temples and lakes transformed Bangalore from a sleepy village to a centre of culture based on vedic traditions. Tanks were built for the water supply to the town, to the moat around the fort and for the irrigation of crops.Inside the fort, a big pond enclosed by masonry of dressed granite stones was dug and built (on the South-Western corner of the present Sri Krishnarajendra Market). Dhar-mambudhi tank, which supplied water to the town (present Subhash Nagar, BMTC bus stand and KSRTC bus stands, in front of the city Railway Station), Kempambudhi tank (named after Ranabhaire Gowda's family Goddess, Doddamma or Kempamma), in Gavi-pura Guttahalli and Samp-igambudhi tank (named after one of the daughters-in-law: present Sree Kanteerava Stadium), which were meant for irrigation, were also built. Irrigational facilities gave much impetus to agriculture and horticulture and also encouraged laying of gardens and raising groves of fruit crops. The Emperor of Vijayanagara pleased with his activities bestowed him with near-by villages of Halasooru (Ulsoor), Begur, Varthur, Jigani, Thalagattapura, Kumbalgodu, Kengeri and Banavara. Social reforms and interest in art
One of his social reforms was to prohibit the custom of amputating the last two fingers of the left hand of the unmarried women during "Bandi Devaru", an important custom of Morasu Vokkaligas. He was a patron of art and learning. Despite belonging to a purely Kannada speaking community, he was multilingual and authored Gangagaurivilasa, a yakshagana play in Telugu, the court-language of the time.Later life and legacy

In the mid 16th century due to a complaint from neighbouring Palegar, Jagadevaraya of Channapattanathe, Emperor Sadashivaraya of Vijayanagara Empire under the supervision of Aliya Ramaraya, imprisoned <mask> <mask> for minting his own coins without the Emperor's prior approval and for fear of rise in power at Penukonda. His territories were also confiscated. He was later released after being imprisoned for five years. After being released, he was awarded back his territories. He died in 1569, having ruled for about 56 years. A metal statue of <mask> Gowda was posthumously installed in 1609 at Gangadhareshwara temple at Shivagange. In 1964, another statue was erected in front of the Corporation Office, Bangalore.According to some literary sources, Bengaluru <mask> Gowda's elder son Gidde Gowda, took over control after his death. On 14 December 2013, Bengaluru's main international airport was renamed as Kempegowda International Airport. Bengaluru's prominent Kempegowda Bus Station has been named so to honour <mask>wda. The Bangalore Development Authority developed the Nadaprabhu Kempegowda Layout. The prominent Majestic metro station on the Purple Line (Namma Metro) of Bengaluru's Namma Metro has been renamed in <mask>wda's honour. Educational institutions such as the Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kempegowda Institute of Physiotherapy, Kempegowda College of Nursing, and the Kempegowda Residential PU College have been named after Kempegowda. A locality and a park in Bengaluru are named in <mask>wda's honour.A busy thoroughfare in Bengaluru has been named as the Kempegowda Road. The Nadaprabhu Kempegowda Convention Center is located in Bengaluru. On 27 June 2020 commemorating the 511th birth anniversary of <mask> Gowda, work on a 108-feet tall Kempegowda Statue and a 23-acre Central park around the statue formally began on with Chief Minister B. S. Yediyurappa performing a Bhoomi Pooja at the Kempegowda International Airport. Lineage
The lineage of <mask> Gowda lasted for a century in Magadi, where they built many temples, forts and tanks. Nelapattana, a subterranean town was built on the foot of the Savandurga, to protect themselves from Muslim invasions. However, in 1728, the Dalawayis of Mysore Kingdom defeated Kempe Gowda and annexed the principality. The last ruler was imprisoned in Srirangapatana till his death.The family members were moved to Hulikal village in Magadi, where the lineage continues to survive. Some other family members were pensioned off by Dewan Purnaiah by granting jagirs in Hosur, present day Tamil Nadu, where the lineage continues to exist as farmers. Tomb of <mask>wda
The inscription of 16th century in Kannada on the tomb proclaims that Hiriya <mask>wda had died at the spot while returning from Kunigal. Reportedly after settling a dispute, Kempagowda was returning to Bengaluru from Kunigal. On 7 March 2015 the tomb was accidentally found by Prashanth Marur, a college official turned historian while he was driving by Kempapura village in Magadi. It was also authenticated by group of historians who visited the tomb. It is believed that <mask> <mask>, son of <mask> I, built the tomb when his father died.After the confirmation Prashanth Marur wrote an article and published in Vijayavani newspaper on September 3, 2015..

References

General
 Dr. B. S. Puttaswamy. KEMPEGOWDA OF BENGALURU, 160 pp. Bengaluru: Manoj Publications, 2017. Price 200 INR Released at Dubai. . Cell +919448522310

Further reading
 Puttaswamy, B. S. Yalahanka Nadaprabhu <mask>wda Mattu Atana Vamshastaru,(In Kannada) 240 pp. Bengaluru: Manoj Publications, 2011. External links

 City founder <mask>wda's tomb is traced to Magadi; bangaloremirror.com

Indian royalty
1510 births
1570 deaths
People from Bangalore
People of the Vijayanagara Empire
16th-century Indian monarchs
History of Bangalore

masks:
Nadaprabhu Hiriya Kempe Gowda
Kempe Go
Kempe Gow
Kempe Gowda
Kempe Gowda I
Kempe
Kempe
Gowda
Kempe
Gowda
Kempe
Gowda
Kempe
Kempe
Kempe
Kempe
Gowda
Kempe
Gowda
Kempe
Kempe
Kempego
Kempego
Kempego
Kempe
Kempe
Kempego
Kempego
Immadi
Kempegoda
Kempegoda
Kempego
Kempego


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Baroness <mask>yhrn-Czettritz-Neuhaus née <mask> (30 July 1790 in Breslau – 14 June 1866 in Herzogswaldau) was a well-known German multi-millionaire heiress and a philanthropist. Family

Baroness <mask>hrn was born into the Prussian noble family of Rabenau. Her father Baron <mask>, a tax officer and a former major in the army, was an impoverished aristocrat, who owned a bankrupted estate in Schwiebus. Her mother Johanna “Jeanette<mask> was an illegitimate daughter of the Prussian general Baron <mask>; because of her opportunistic and promiscuous nature she had a quite bad reputation in the society. <mask>'s parents were divorced in 1791. She moved with her mother and her older sister Henrietta to Breslau, where they lived very modestly in a small apartment at a monastery. In 1794 her father Friedrich committed suicide and <mask> never got to know him.Early life

<mask> was known as a beautiful, dark-haired and black-eyed young lady, whose origin is actually still not quite clear. Especially because of her looks, the rumors were circling around, that she was a product of her mother's affair with a Gipsy from a South-European country. These rumors were however never confirmed as truth. As an impecunious divorcée Jeanette <mask>, who was a close relative of the Lichnowsky princely family, had to take care of herself and her two daughters. She established a small private tailor school for noble ladies in Breslau and her older daughter Henrietta, who was old enough to work, was sent to the estate of the Counts von Schweinitz-Krain in Niebusch (county of Freystadt in Schlesien), where she worked as a governess of the young Countess <mask> Schweinitz-Krain, who was a granddaughter of Baroness Helene <mask>yhrn (née Countess von Schweinitz). Henrietta stayed unmarried. In 1810 <mask> and her mother attended a high society ball at the family <mask> Berge-Herrndorf's house in Breslau.There she met the young Baron <mask> Dyhrn, with whom she was officially engaged two years later. The Dyhrn family strongly disapproved of this union, because of the bride's trivial background and her low economic status, but Julius was determined to marry the woman he fell in love with. They married in April 1814 in Freystadt. Her mother Jeanette was overjoyed, especially because this marriage meant the end of her family's financial problems. Later life

After the marriage <mask>, now a Baroness <mask>yhrn moved to the Dyhrn family's mansion in Herzogswaldau together with her mother and her older sister. <mask>'s mother-in-law Baroness <mask> Dyhrn (née <mask> Berge), who was actually a stepmother of Julius, was so disappointed with her stepson's choice, that she decided to leave the family residence and move alone to her house in Freystadt. In 1825 Julius took the name <mask> Dyhrn-Czettritz und Neuhaus of his uncle Ernest Carl <mask>yhrn-Czettritz-Neuhaus, who had no children, and inherited his fortune and his large properties in Waldenburg.<mask> and Julius moved to their manor house in Neuhaus (county of Waldenburg), leaving Herzogswaldau to Julius’ younger brother Heinrich von Dyhrn. The couple had no children, but their marriage was said to be a very happy one. It was only a few years before Julius’ death, when the things got bad. The Baron lost his reason and was transmitted to a psychiatric institution. A few years earlier <mask>, born and married into Protestant families, converted in Catholicism and began a close friendship with a catholic priest from Herzogswaldau, named Franz Gyrdt. After her husband Julius died in 1841, the priest moved to the new-build mansion of the Dyhrn family in Hermsdorf. <mask> inherited this mansion and all the properties and buildings, that previously belonged to her husband.She was also very successful in leading the Dyhrn family mining business. The estate, which <mask> <mask>yhrn inherited, was enormous; estimated to be 10 million Prussian thalers (nowadays approx. 165 million US dollars). It was because of this princely wealth that people very often referred to her as »Princess« instead of »Baroness«. Although she had no children, <mask> and Julius took care of two of their closest relatives. Since 1822 their nephew <mask> Dyhrn was living at their mansion in Hermsdorf, and later <mask> also took care of her niece Baroness Anette <mask>yhrn. Dyhrn family versus Catholic Church

The priest Franz Gyrdt became the closest friend of the Baroness and was also the administrator of her finances.He was encouraging her to make several donations for Catholic Church and for catholic institutions in the province of Silesia. <mask>, as a humanitarian person, made numerous donations also for poor and less fortunate people during her life. Franz Gyrdt had a very big influence on the Baroness; it was probably because of him that the Baroness <mask>yhrn converted to Catholicism. In the middle of the 1860s she got very ill and in June 1866 she died. Surprisingly, the principal heir of her fortune was her longtime friend and advisor Gyrdt. Her closest relatives –the Dyhrns from Herzogswaldau, were extremely unpleasantly surprised by the content of <mask>'s testament. The part of the Dyhrn family fortune, estimated to something more than 12 million thaler (nowadays approx.200 million US dollars), which at the time was in <mask>'s hands, was being inherited by a person who was not even a member of the family and who was actually Catholic. She left more than 9 million thaler (nowadays approx. 149 million US dollars) to Gyrdt, only 1,5 million thaler to her niece Anette (married to Count Heinrich Wilhelm <mask>yhrn from the Dolzig estate), half of a million thaler to her nephew Alfred and the rest to charities in Breslau and for rebuilding of her mansion in Hermsdorf into an orphanage. She also left some of her money to her loyal longtime servants – especially appreciated was her personal maid and companion Clara Jäschke. The Dyhrn family was not prepared to give up the fortune. But after more than 10 years of lawsuits between the family and Gyrdt nothing could be done in favor of the family, because the will was constructed perfectly, allowing neither a refutation nor the right for jurisdiction of the government. The Dyhrn family, who was always convinced, that the priest either forged the testament or forced <mask> to appoint him the main heir of the family fortune, was powerless.Even the Emperor Wilhelm himself could not help them. After Franz Gyrdt received his share of the assets, his lifestyle changed dramatically. He bought new properties, traveled a lot and he also gave up working as a priest. After Gyrdt's death the fortune of this Protestant family was inherited by the Diocese of Breslau (elevated to Archdiocese in 1930) and was being administrated by the Prince-Bishop of Breslau dr. Heinrich Förster, who already in 1866 also directly inherited a share from <mask> <mask>hrn's estate, and by dr. Adolph Franz. When dr. Franz was leading the German Catholic newspaper Germania, this was also being, among many other Catholic institutions, financially supported by the Protestant Dyhrn family's fortune. The story was mentioned in several European newspapers, being one of the biggest scandals in the German Catholic Church in the 19th Century. Legacy

 The Dyhrn palace in Hermsdorf was later in fact rebuilt and modernized, and named after the Baroness as <mask> <mask>yhrn-Czettritz Waisenhaus in Hermsdorf-Waldenburg.Several hospitals were established in Lower Silesia under the Baroness <mask>n's supervision and financial support. Sources
 Archiv für schlesische Kirchengeschichte, Bands 8-9. A. Lax
 F. Petermann: Das Priestererbe. Selbstverlag, 1890. 1790 births
1866 deaths
Nobility from Wrocław
German philanthropists
German women philanthropists
19th-century Prussian people
19th-century Prussian women
19th-century philanthropists
19th-century German businesspeople
19th-century businesswomen

masks:
Amalia Frederica Wilhelmina von D
Baroness von Raau
Amalia von Dy
Friedrich George von Raau
” von Schlichting
Samuel von Schlichting
Amalia
Amalia
Amalia
von Schlting
Johanna von
von D
Amalia
von
Julius von
Amalia
von D
Amalia
Caroline von
Baroness von
von
von D
Amalia
Amalia
Amalia
Amalia
von D
Amalia
Alfred von
Amalia
von D
Amalia
von D
Amalia
Amalia
von D
Amalia
Amalia
von Dy
Amalia
von D
von Dhr


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<mask> (born 31 March 1978) is a French former professional footballer who played as a winger. Rothen won 13 caps for the French national team. He represented his country at the 2004 European Football Championship and won the FIFA Confederations Cup with France in 2003. At club level, Rothen won the Coupe de France once and the Coupe de la Ligue twice with Paris Saint-Germain. He also won the Coupe de la Ligue with Monaco. Rothen was a skilled winger who specialised in free kicks, crossing and passing. Club career

Early career
Rothen underwent training at the famous Clairefontaine National Football Academy in France.Caen
He started his career with Caen. Troyes
He then played for Troyes AC under Alain Perrin. AS Monaco
He was brought to AS Monaco on 1 January 2002 for €5 million. <mask> was one of the players of the Monaco side that reached the 2004 final of the Champions League, in May 2004. Paris Saint-Germain

A native of the Paris metropolitan area, he fulfilled a childhood dream when he signed for the capital side Paris Saint-Germain in 2004 for €11 million. He rejected lucrative offers from more powerful European clubs such as Manchester United, Chelsea and Valencia in order to join PSG, the club he supported during his youth. In the French capital, his dream soon turned sour.Often injured, <mask> appeared in only 18 league games and 2 Champions League fixtures in his debut season. 2005-06 was equally disappointing. Under the orders of Laurent Fournier and then Guy Lacombe, the left winger struggled to reproduce the kind of displays that had made him famous at Monaco. Often injured, he nonetheless took part in a Coupe de France win over fierce rivals Olympique de Marseille. In the second half of 2006, returning from injury, <mask> found himself cast aside by Guy Lacombe. In December 2006, he faked an injury in order to organize a transfer deal that would materialize during the January transfer window. He was then tipped to join Lille OSC, but then learned about Lacombe's imminent sacking from Paris Saint-Germain.The arrival of new coach Paul Le Guen in January 2007 convinced him to stay put. Gradually, he began to recover his best form. With the club battling against relegation, <mask>'s revival was one of the factors that enabled PSG to save their spot in the top flight. In the summer of 2007, several clubs expressed interest for the midfielder, including champions Olympique Lyonnais, who were looking for a replacement for the outgoing Florent Malouda. <mask> stayed in Paris, and following a great start to the 2007-08 season, was voted as the league's player of the month in September. He regained a spot in the French national football team and even netted a free-kick on 13 October 2007 against the Faroe Islands. In 2007-08, Paris Saint-Germain struggled even more than the previous season.In such a context, <mask> became an increasingly important player due to his creativity and crossing ability. Such was his importance to the club that French media would describe PSG as "dependent upon Rothen" and "playing a game that is excessively left-sided", the flank which the player occupied. During those years, several signings like Sergey Semak, Bonaventure Kalou and Williamis Souza were made with the aim of reducing the side's dependence on Rothen and introduce some kind of creative threat on the right flank too. None of these solutions worked, and PSG continued to rely upon Rothen to pull them out of the relegation trap in May 2008. 2008-09 was his last season in Paris. He managed to make 34 league appearances, his best tally in a single season since 2003-04 in Monaco at AS Monaco. However, he had lost much of his importance to the club, with the arrival of other creative players such as Stéphane Sessègnon and former Monaco team mate Ludovic Giuly.In the summer of 2009, Paul Le Guen left the club to be replaced by Antoine Kombouaré, who deemed Rothen surplus to requirements and banished him to the reserves squad. Rangers
On 1 September 2009 <mask> agreed to join Scottish Premier League club Rangers on a one-year loan deal from PSG. He made his debut for the club on 12 September 2009 against Motherwell. He made his first appearance in the Champions league for Rangers in their 1–1 draw away to Stuttgart. Ankaragücü
After going back to France <mask>'s relationship with Rangers soured and the club were looking to move Rothen on, as he was deemed surplus to requirements, rather than pay his salary for the remainder of the season when it looked like he would not figure in the squad. <mask> flew to Turkey on 22 January 2010 to sign a six-month loan deal with Ankaragücü after rejecting advances from Greek sides Larissa, Kavala and Iraklis. On 29 January 2010, he signed a six-month contract with Ankaragücü.Bastia
Almost a year after Paris resigned his contract, <mask> signed in May 2011 a two-year contract with the Corsican club of SC Bastia, newly promoted to the French Ligue 2. <mask> made his team debut on 29 July 2011 against Istres, and Bastia won the match 3–1. He won the Ligue 2 title with the team in the 2011-12 season and was selected as the Ligue 2 Player of the Year. Return to Caen
In July 2013, <mask> rejoined his first senior club, Caen. On 1 January 2014, he announced his retirement from football. International career
<mask> made his debut on 29 March 2003 against Malta. He was a member of the French national squad at Euro 2004, where he made a brief substitute appearance in their defeat by Greece in the quarter-finals.<mask> was not selected in the 2006 FIFA World Cup squad for France. He was recalled to the squad for Euro 2008 qualifying and, on 10 October 2007, marked his comeback with a superbly taken free-kick against the Faroe Islands, the last scored free-kick for France as of 13 June 2015. Autobiography
On 8 October 2008, <mask> published his autobiography You're Not Going To Believe Me. The book has generated significant attention in the media, notably for its description of an incident concerning Zinedine Zidane, his former teammate in the France national team. According to Rothen, the incident occurred during the second leg of Monaco's 2004 Champions League quarter-final win over Real Madrid. Monaco had overturned a 4–2 first leg deficit, and were 3–1 up with seconds left to play when Zidane tackled Rothen from behind. "It was a foul and I went down, admittedly I made a bit more of it, but anyone would have done the same, as we were trying to buy some seconds," Rothen wrote."Zidane leant over me and said: 'Get up, you son of a bitch.'" The expression <mask> claims Zidane used, 'fils de pute', is a variation on what Marco Materazzi is alleged to have said to Zidane before the head-butt that proved the iconic moment of the 2006 World Cup final. "I was surprised but put it down to his frustration, and I expected him to apologise at the end of the game, but he said nothing," Rothen continued. "I thought the next time we saw each other with the France team he would say sorry, and then it would be forgotten, but he didn't and that disappointed me." In a subsequent interview with the French newspaper L'Equipe, <mask> stated he did not intend to smear Zidane's image by publicizing the incident. He also denies having received pressure from the latter's camp to remove the offending passage, as had been reported in the press. Career statistics

Club
Source:

International
Source:

Honours
Troyes
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2001

Monaco
Coupe de la Ligue: 2002–03
UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2003–04

Paris Saint-Germain
Coupe de France: 2005–06; runner-up: 2007–08
Coupe de la Ligue: 2007–08
Trophée des Champions runner-up: 2004, 2006

Bastia
Ligue 2: 2011–12

France
FIFA Confederations Cup: 2003

Individual
Ligue 2 Team of the Year: 1999–2000, 2011–12
Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2002–03
LFP Player of the Month: February 2003
UNFP Player of the Month: September 2007 (Ligue 1), February 2012 (Ligue 2)
Ligue 2 Player of the Year: 2011–12

References

External links

FFF profile

1978 births
Living people
People from Châtenay-Malabry
Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine
Association football midfielders
French footballers
France international footballers
French expatriate footballers
Stade Malherbe Caen players
ES Troyes AC players
AS Monaco FC players
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.players
Rangers F.C. players
MKE Ankaragücü footballers
SC Bastia players
Ligue 1 players
Scottish Premier League players
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
French expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
FIFA Confederations Cup-winning players
INF Clairefontaine players
FC Versailles 78 players
Süper Lig players
Ligue 2 players
Expatriate footballers in Monaco
French expatriate sportspeople in Monaco

masks:
Jérôme René Marcel Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen
Rothen


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<mask> is an American composer, conductor, and musicologist. He is the author of Does God Sing? – A Musical Journey. He created the musical work Black Nativity – In Concert: A Gospel Celebration. He also served as conductor and musical director in the PBS documentary On This Island. In 2013, he was nominated for an Emmy Award for composing Maine Public Broadcasting Network's Maine Arts series theme music. Personal background
<mask> attended Medomak Valley High School in Waldoboro, Maine.At 16 years of age—a self-taught musician who never took piano lessons—he became the organist at both the Broad Cove Community Church in Cushing and the Friendship United Methodist Church. By his late teens, he was creating, performing and producing concerts and theatrical productions, including the musical Moody Blue for which he wrote both the music and lyrics. According to a 2013 interview, <mask> studied composition and piano performance at the Boston Conservatory of Music with composer John Adams and Lawrence Thomas Bell, as well as film scoring with John Williams at the Berklee School of Music; but chose not to graduate with a degree. Instead, <mask> "went out and lived the life of music," as he said in a 2017 interview. In 2001, he became organist and choirmaster for “Music at Immanuel” at the Immanuel Baptist Church in Portland, Maine. In 2009, he retired from public performing due to illness. During which time <mask> wrote the memoir, Does God Sing – A Musical Journey.It reached #5 on the Barnes & Nobles best-sellers non-fiction paperback list for March 2013. <mask> lives on the coast of Maine with his wife and son. Career
<mask> has conducted works for the concert and theatrical stage, including Leonard Bernstein's Candide – The Concert Version. In 1997, <mask> conducted Treemonisha: The Concert Version by ragtime composer Scott Joplin at the Rockport Opera House in Rockport, Maine, with a new libretto by Judith Kurtz Bogdanove. In 2001, he orchestrated, arranged, and conducted the musical Islands, which was produced on Broadway at the New Victory Theater by John Wulp, with music and lyrics by Cidny Bullens. <mask> conducted the world premiere performance of his Black Nativity – In Concert: A Gospel Celebration in 2001 at the Immanuel Baptist Church. The concert version recreated the original performance of Langston Hughes's Gospel Song-Play Black Nativity that opened in 1961 at the 41st Street Theatre in New York City.In 2004, the documentary film Black Nativity – In Concert: A Gospel Celebration was made about the world premiere performance, production, and creation under the direction of <mask> with the original cast. In December 2013, <mask> collaborated with Dr. Anthony Antolini and the Bowdoin College Chorus and Down East Singers to mount a revised version of his 2004 creation. <mask> composed An American Requiem, which had its New England Premiere under the direction of Dr. Robert Russell and the USM Chorale. He also wrote Driving Old Memories (The Rockland Maine Song) with his father Ervin <mask>. On June 2, 2021, the Mayor of Rockland, Maine presented a key to the city and proclaimed June 2021 “Driving Old Memories” month. In 2012 he wrote the music for the independent documentary In the Shadows of Grey Gardens In an article entitled “Robinson and Ragtime”, David Welker called him “one of today’s leading proponents of early jazz and ragtime music”. He is perhaps best known for his composition “The New England Ragtime Suite” for piano.In 2014, the opening of Maine Public Broadcasting’s “Maine Arts!” Series received an Emmy Award at the 36th annual New England Emmy Awards for which <mask> contributed the series’ theme music and was nominated for a separate Emmy Award. <mask> composed the Maine-based musical, The Legend of Jim Cullen - A Dramatic Musical, which received its world premiere at the Heartwood Regional Theater Company in the summer of 2014. In May 2017, <mask> premiered two choral works in Studzinski Hall at Bowdoin College: "Requiem For a New World" and "This Will Be Our Reply To Violence" with words by Leonard Bernstein. With a famous line taken from an address Bernstein gave a few days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, according to a 2017 interview, it was the first time the Bernstein Estate had ever granted a composer the rights to set the words to music. It was performed later that year by the Vox Nova Chamber Choir. <mask> received acclaim for his compositions from Maine's Senators Angus King and Susan Collins, who remarked: "With the scourge of violence unabated in our times, we all must increase our devotion to the highest ideals of humanity. Through your remarkable career as a composer, performer, and author, you are helping to elevate our nation as you bring distinction to our great state of Maine.”

<mask> collaborated with children's book author and illustrator Ashley Bryan in 2018 on an African-American Requiem titled "A Tender Bridge".The work celebrates Bryan's life and career based on his writings; and uses "jazz, ragtime, Negro spirituals, Southern hymns and other musical idioms, along with a full choir, gospel choir, children’s choir, orchestra jazz ensemble and multiple narrators." Published works
 <mask>, <mask> (2013). Does God Sing? : A Musical Journey, Tate Publishing. 182 pages. Langston, Hughes (1961) <mask> (2004). Black Nativity, Dramatic Publishing.34 pages. Filmography

Television

Film

Discography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Maine Public Broadcasting Network "<mask> - "Does God Sing - A Musical Journey" (audio re-broadcast)
 “Voices of 'pure joy' ; 'Black Nativity' boasts spiritual songs and poetry of Langston Hughes”
 The Camden Herald “A ’Nativity’ with Soul”
 Boothbay Register “Alna author tells stories of music’s power”
 WCSH 6 “Composer and Author <mask>”

1970 births
American male classical composers
American classical composers
Living people
Ragtime composers
People from Camden, Maine
Musicians from Maine
Boston Conservatory at Berklee alumni
Berklee College of Music alumni

masks:
Aaron Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Aaron
Aaron Robinson
Aaron Robinson
Aaron Robinson


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<mask> (born 1975) is a Northern Irish novelist and poet. Education
Laird was born in Cookstown, County Tyrone, where he attended the local comprehensive school. He then gained entry to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, where he initially studied Law but switched to English, in which he attained a first-class degree and won the "Arthur Quiller-Couch Award for Creative Writing." He went on to work at the law firm Allen & Overy in London for six years, before leaving to concentrate on his writing. Personal life
Laird met Zadie Smith at Cambridge University. They married in 2004 in the Chapel of King's College, Cambridge. Smith dedicated her third novel, On Beauty, to "my dear Laird."The couple lived in Rome from November 2006 to 2007 and now live in New York City and Queen's Park, London. They have two children. Poetry

To a Fault
To a Fault is Laird's first collection of poems, and was nominated for the Forward Prize for Best First Collection. To a Fault was published by Faber and Faber in January 2005. On Purpose
On Purpose is his follow-up book of poems, published also by Faber and Faber in 2007. The collection further explores the concept of relationships, loosely based on the tract The Art of War by Sun Tzu. The book won the Somerset Maugham Award and the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize in 2008.Go Giants
Go Giants is Laird's third collection, published by Faber and Faber in 2015. Feel Free
Laird's fourth collection, published by Faber and Faber in August 2018, was shortlisted for the 2018 T. S. Eliot Prize. Novels

Utterly Monkey
Utterly Monkey was published in May 2005 by Fourth Estate, and by Harper Perennial in the US. It follows the relationship of two childhood friends from Northern Ireland. One of them, Danny, grows up to be a lawyer after attaining an education in London, while the other, Geordie, works as a labourer, and does not pursue extensive studies after school. Laird has described Geordie as "more feckless than Danny," and "a kind of a drifter." The novel also explores the ongoing political and military conflict within Northern Ireland known as The Troubles.When asked whether or not Americans can comprehend and identify with the experiences of people in Northern Ireland, Laird replied: "I think they can, but I don't think they do,” and cited the "low level of discourse" that he has encountered in regard to this subject when he travels to America. Glover's Mistake
Review from The New York Times:
A blog called The Damp Review figures prominently in <mask>'s new novel. On it David Pinner, once an art student, now a teacher who dabbles in cultural criticism, writes about "whatever took his fancy. Or didn't," Mr. <mask> writes. "He found it easier to write on disappointments. Hatreds, easier still." At the beginning of the book David goes to an art opening for Ruth Marks, a feminist American artist who is in London on a yearlong residency.Ruth was once David's teacher, and they strike up a friendship. But Ruth strikes up more with David's much-younger roommate, James Glover, who plays the innocent to David's cynic. And, as the romance between Ruth and James develops, so does David's anger and unhappiness. Mr. Laird is also a poet, a day job he reveals in sentences like "David realized he'd been unconsciously pushing his nails into his palms, leaving little red falciform marks." The Village Voice also featured the book. Modern Gods
Published in 2017. Influences and themes
In a January 2006 appearance on The Leonard Lopate Show, Laird explained how travelling out of Northern Ireland for an education in Cambridge had expanded his horizons and opened him up to opportunities that he believes would have otherwise been closed to him: "I met a Jewish person for the first time.I met a black person for the first time." He also described the freedom that moving away from Northern Ireland gave him with respect to adopting a new, or broader, identity. "It does mean freedom in a way to reinvent." One of the themes in Laird's writing is the interpersonal relationships forged between men and women, and in the Lopate interview, he cited Ian McEwan and <mask> as writers whom he admired for their ability to weave this element into their work. Laird is also one of the post-Troubles young novelists from Belfast, who have emerged to articulate the identity of the generation whose childhoods were experienced amid some of the region's worst violence, but who also matured in an era of problematic reconciliation. Along with Robert McLiam Wilson, whose novel Eureka Street was widely acclaimed, the most successful young novelists from Belfast are Glenn Patterson, author of six novels and a collection of essays, and Colin Bateman, a very prolific and commercially successful author of comic novels about contemporary Belfast including Divorcing Jack. Laird also cited the enduring influence of Irish poet Seamus Heaney on his life and work, tracing his love of literature back to reading some of Heaney's early work, which he claimed "seems to be written out of the same place that you live."Recognition and prizes
To a Fault and Utterly Monkey were both long-listed for the inaugural Dylan Thomas Prize. To a Fault won the Jerwood Aldeburgh Prize, the Ireland Chair for Poetry Award and the Rupert and Eithne Strong Award. It was also shortlisted for the Forward Poetry Prize for First Collection; it was shortlisted for the Poetry Now Award in 2006; and it was longlisted for the Guardian First Book Award. Laird won the Eric Gregory Award in 2004 and was also the recipient of the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature in 2005. Utterly Monkey won the Betty Trask Prize for best first novel in 2005. It was also shortlisted for the Commonwealth best first novel award, the Irish novel of the year award, and the Kerry Group Listowel Fiction prize. On Purpose won a Somerset Maugham Award and the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize in 2007.He participated in the Bush Theatre's 2011 project Sixty Six Books, with a piece he wrote based upon a book of the King James Bible. Bibliography

Novels

Poetry
Collections

Contributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue between East and West, Gingko Library, 2019. List of poems

See also

List of Northern Irish writers

References

External links
 "It's nothing to do with me". Guardian profile/interview of <mask>rd. Mr and Mrs Smith Interview by the Daily Telegraph. <mask>rd Biography, courtesy of British Council Arts. Lad Lit Interview on WNYC's Leonard Lopate Show.John Redmond Reviews To a Fault
 Utterly Monkey, by <mask>rd PopMatters book review. "Cuttings," by <mask>rd
 <mask>rd: "The Bearhug"
 Michiko Kakutani reviews Utterly Monkey, by <mask>rd

1975 births
Living people
21st-century British poets
21st-century British male writers
Alumni of Allen & Overy
Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Male novelists from Northern Ireland
Male poets from Northern Ireland
People from Cookstown
People educated at Cookstown High School
The New Yorker people

masks:
Nicholas Laird
Nick Laird
Laird
Nick Hornby
Nick Lai
Nick Lai
Nick Lai
Nick Lai
Nick Lai
Nick Lai


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<mask> (born 11 November 1988) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who competes in the lightweight division of Brave Combat Federation, where he is a former interim lightweight champion. A professional mixed martial artist since 2011, <mask> has also competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> started his MMA career in 2011; before that he competed in muay thai, achieving a 34–2 record. He fought only for Brazilian-based promotions such as Jungle Fight and MMA Rocks. With a record of twelve wins and no losses, <mask> signed with the UFC. <mask> is managed by Wade Hampel of Big Fight Management. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his promotional debut on short notice, replacing an injured Justin Salas against Edson Barboza on 19 January 2013 at UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Bisping.<mask> had his first defeat due to TKO (retirement) in the first round. <mask> faced Jeremy Larsen, a contestant of The Ultimate Fighter: Live, on 18 May 2013, at UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Rockhold. Despite taking a significant amount of damage in the first two rounds, <mask> knocked Larsen out early in the third round. The performance earned both participants Fight of the Night honors. <mask> next dropped from lightweight to bantamweight and faced promotional newcomer Junior Hernandez on 4 September 2013, at UFC Fight Night: Teixeira vs. Bader. He won the fight via technical submission in the first round. <mask> was expected to face Johnny Eduardo on 9 November 2013, at UFC Fight Night 32.However, both fighters were removed from the card due to injury. <mask> was expected to face Bryan Caraway on 22 February 2014, at UFC 170. However, Caraway pulled out of the bout citing and injury and was replaced by UFC newcomer Aljamain Sterling. <mask> was expected to face Jim Alers in a featherweight bout on 16 July 2014, at UFC Fight Night 45. However, Alers pulled out of the bout citing injury and was replaced by Alex White. <mask> won the back and forth fight via knockout in the third round. The win also earned him his first Performance of the Night bonus award.<mask> faced Darren Elkins on 25 October 2014, at UFC 179. Elkins defeated <mask> via split decision. <mask> faced Mirsad Bektić on 30 May 2015, at UFC Fight Night 67, replacing Renato Moicano. He lost the fight via TKO in the second round. <mask> faced Robert Whiteford on 10 April 2016, at UFC Fight Night 86. <mask> won the fight via split decision. Subsequently, the UFC elected not to renew Martin's contract – allowing him to sign elsewhere.Brave CF
After racking a couple of wins in Brazil's regional circuit, <mask> signed with Brave Combat Federation. In the promotional debut <mask> faced Fabian Galvan at Brave CF 3 and won the bout via Brabo choke in the second round. On 13 April 2018, <mask> faced Luan Santiago Carvalho for the interim lightweight championship. <mask> was behind in the scorecards coming into the fifth and final round. In the final seconds of the round, Santiago dislocated his elbow when he was taken down by <mask> and couldn't continue. <mask> became a free agent after fighting out his two-fight contract with Brave, but elected to rapidly sign a new, five-fight contract with the organization. <mask> faced Abdul-Kareem Al-Selwady for the undisputed lightweight championship at Brave CF 18 on 16 November 2018.<mask> injured his left leg when he was taken down by Al-Selwady in the first round and referee stopped the fight. On 25 July 2019, <mask> was defeated by Bubba Jenkins at Brave 24 by TKO at 2:48 of the first round by way of unanswered strikes. Jenkins retained the Brave CF Featherweight Championship. <mask> was next scheduled to face Felipe Silva at Brave CF 35 on 28 March 2020, but Silva withdrew from the bout and was replaced with Abdul-Rakhman Makhaziev. However, the event has been postponed until a to-be-determined date due to the COVID-19 pandemic

<mask> was next expected to face Luan Santiago in a rematch at Brave CF 41 on 17 September 2020. However, <mask> was forced to withdraw due to an injury and the bout was scrapped. <mask> was scheduled to face Marcel Grabinski on 4 June 2021 at Brave CF 51.Hoewever, Grabinski has to pull out from the fight due to medical condition. The bout has been called off. <mask> scheduled again to face Marcel Grabinski on 21 August 2021 at Brave CF 53. According to BRAVE CF officials, Grabinski was forced to withdraw from the rescheduled bout a little bit less than week prior to the event due to Covid-19 protocols. Marcel hadn’t traveled to Kazakhstan and was  replaced by local standout Olzhas Eskaraev. In an upset, <mask> lost the bout via rear-naked choke in the second round. Personal life
<mask> owns a gym, Capital da Luta, in São Paulo.

masks:
Lucas Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Lucas Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
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Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
Martins
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Martins
Martins


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<mask> is a businessman in the tourist industry in the Dominican Republic. He is the chairman and founder of Grupo Puntacana. According to Forbes, Rainieri has one of the ten largest fortunes in the Dominican Republic, with a net worth near the billion-dollar mark as of 2014. In 2015, he was designated ambassador of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the Dominican Republic, a position that his father also held four decades earlier. Early life
<mask> was born into a family with tradition of hospitality. His paternal grandparents, <mask> and Bianca Franceschini, migrated from Bologna, northern Italy, to northern Dominican Republic, and established two hotels, one in Puerto Plata and the other in Santiago; they had more than 10 children. His parents were <mask> and Venecia Marranzini Lepore (daughter of the Italian immigrants Orazio Michelo Marranzini Inginio and Inmaccolatta Lepore Rodia, who migrated as children with their respective families, all of them natives of Santa Lucia di Serino, in southern Italy).He went to college in Philadelphia at Saint Joseph's College, now Saint Joseph's University., finalizing them at APEC University, in Santo Domingo. Punta Cana

In 1969, <mask> and Theodore Kheel acquired a 58-million square meter lot on the eastern end of the Dominican Republic, which was covered with jungle and six miles of beach. Their first project was a 40 guest hotel called the Punta Cana Club, inaugurated two years later. In 1979, they constructed the Puntacana Hotel. The Punta Cana International Airport followed in 1984. In 1997, <mask> and Kheel partnered with Oscar de la Renta and Julio Iglesias to start work on the Punta Cana Marina and the real estate development of the area. Grupo Puntacana History

 1969: Ted Kheel and group of 40 partners purchase approximately 30 square miles of undeveloped land in the eastern Dominican Republic.1970: <mask> (Dominican entrepreneur), Ted Kheel and partners began the development of the tourism project. 1971: Puntacana Resort & Club (PCRC) builds first “resort” of 10 beach cottages and clubhouse, dedication attended by President Balaguer. 1972: PCRC builds first elementary school in Punta Cana. 1977: Club Mediterranee purchases parcel of land from Puntacana Resort & Club. 1980: Club Med opens hotel in Punta Cana. 1984: Inauguration of the Punta Cana International Airport with first flight from San Juan, Puerto Rico. 1987: PCRC builds new Puntacana Resort & Club using thatch-roof constructions and low-impact sustainable architecture.1988: Formation of the not-for-profit Puntacana Ecological Foundation (FEPC) with donation of 1,500 acres of land for ecological park and reserve (incorporation follows in 1994). 1992: Puntacana Ecological Foundation launches first sustainable agriculture initiative in Punta Cana (Fruit Tree Garden). 1996: Puntacana Foundation organized the first Concert at the Basilica Nuestra Senora de la Altagracia in the town of Higüey performed by the National Symphony Orchestra and Choir. 1997: Julio Iglesias and Oscar de la Renta join Kheel and Rainieri as PCRC major partners and build first homes in Corales development. 1998: PCRC founds a second not-for-profit organization, Puntacana Foundation (FPC) to develop social and community programs in the region. 2000: FPC founds bilingual, private school Puntacana International School (PCIS). 2001: FEPC and PCRC create Puntacana Center for Sustainability to develop research and education programs that create solutions to the environmental and social challenges facing tourism industry.2004: Puntacana Foundation founds the public Ann and Ted Kheel Polytechnic School. 2004: Puntacana Ecological Foundation launches Puntacana Partnership for Ecological Sustainable Coastal Areas (PESCA). 2005: Puntacana Foundation makes its first commitment to the Clinton Global Initiative
 2005: Puntacana Foundation Launch of co-management of Rural Clinic of Veron. 2005: Puntacana Foundation inaugurates the Puntacana Art Gallery jointly to Fundacion Igneri. 2006: Puntacana Resort & Club becomes founding member of RENAEPA, the National Network for Businesses that Protect the Environment in the Dominican Republic, now known as ECORED. 2006: Grupo Puntacana Foundation held the first medical mission together with Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)
 2007: Grupo Puntacana becomes a member of the United Nations Global Compact. 2007: Puntacana Ecological Foundation launches Zero Waste, integrated solid waste management system for Puntacana Resort & Club.2008: Puntacana Foundation build and equip a police station to the community of Verón
 2008: Puntacana Foundation launches “Carnaval de Punta Cana”. 2009: Puntacana Ecological Foundation launches beekeeping and worm-composting projects. 2009: FEPC signs collaborative agreement with The Peregrine Fund to conserve the endangered Ridgway's Hawk. 2009: FEPC and FPC sign a collaborative agreement with Save the Children to develop community programs in the town of Veron. 2010: Puntacana Foundation launches the Marine Archeological Project to locate and rescue archaeologically valuable pieces from the sea for exhibition. 2011: Puntacana Foundation hold the first Visual Surgical Mission together with Instituto de Ciencias Visuales de España (Incivi) among other partners
 2012: PCRC and FEPC achieve Presidential Decree naming coastal area of Puntacana Resort & Club and Cap Cana as “Marine Protected Area.”
 2014: Puntacana Foundation launches the social program Grupo Puntacana Works with the Community. 2014: Puntacana Foundation launches the Our lady of Punta Cana Craft Workshop
 2015: Puntacana Foundation launches the housing project Ciudad Caracolí.2016: Puntacana Ecological Foundation and Puntacana Foundation merge. 2017: Foundation inaugurated the Oscar de la Renta Pediatric Center facilities. The center will provide primary health care to more than 15,000 disadvantaged children from local communities. 2018: Creation of the Center of Marine Innovation. 2019: Launch of terrestrial coral nurseries. 2019: Launch of the Ornamental Fish Nursery Project. 2019: Inauguration of the Centro Educativo Caracolí.References

Living people
1940s births
Date of birth missing (living people)
People from Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic people of Italian descent
Saint Joseph's University alumni
Dominican Republic businesspeople
Dominican Republic billionaires
Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella
People of Campanian descent
People of Emilian descent
Ambassadors of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the Dominican Republic

masks:
Frank Rafael Rainieri Marranzini
Rainieri
Isidoro Rainieri
Francisco Rainieri Franceschini
Rainieri
Rainieri
Frank Rainieri


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<mask> (born 25 May 1972) is an entrepreneur, and investor in internet technology firms. He is general partner of Craft Ventures, a venture capital fund he co-founded in late 2017. Previously, <mask> was the founding COO and product leader of PayPal (acquired by eBay in 2002 for $1.5 billion) and founder/CEO of Yammer (acquired by Microsoft in 2012 for $1.2 billion). In 2016, he led the turnaround of Zenefits as interim CEO. In 2017, <mask> co-founded Craft Ventures, an early-stage venture fund. His angel investments include Facebook, Uber, SpaceX, Palantir Technologies, Airbnb and Houzz. He is a co-host of the podcast All In.Early life and education
<mask> was born in Cape Town, South Africa, and immigrated to Tennessee, United States, with his family when he was five. Though <mask> did not know he wanted to be an entrepreneur, he did not want to work a profession like his father, who was an endocrinologist. He took inspiration from his grandfather, who started a candy factory in the 1920s. <mask> attended Memphis University School in Memphis, Tennessee. He earned his B.A. in economics from Stanford University in 1994 and received a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1998.Career

PayPal
In 1999, <mask> left his job as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company to join e-commerce service PayPal, which had been co-founded the year before by Peter Thiel. As PayPal's COO and product leader, he built many of the company's key teams, and was responsible for product management and design, sales and marketing, business development, international, customer service, fraud operations, and human resources functions. During his tenure, PayPal grew payment volume from zero to $500,000 per month and revenue from zero to $240 million per year. The company introduced business accounts, and expanded into multiple currencies and over 80 countries. PayPal had their initial public offering in February 2002. It was one of the first IPOs after the September 11 attacks. The stock rose more than 54% on the first day.In October 2002, eBay acquired PayPal for $1.5 billion. <mask> is a member of the so-called "PayPal Mafia", a group of founders and early employees of PayPal who went on to found a series of other successful technology companies. They are often credited with inspiring Web 2.0 and for the re-emergence of consumer-focused Internet companies after the dot com bust of 2001. Thank You for Smoking
Following PayPal's acquisition, <mask> produced and financed the movie Thank You for Smoking through his independent production company, Room 9 Entertainment. Based on Christopher Buckley's 1994 novel of the same title and adapted for the screen by director Jason Reitman, Thank You for Smoking is a satirical look at the culture of spin. The cast included Aaron Eckhart, William H. Macy, Sam Elliott, Rob Lowe, Maria Bello, Katie Holmes, Adam Brody, and Robert Duvall. Thank You for Smoking was nominated for two Golden Globes in 2007 for Best Picture and Best Actor in the Comedy/Musical category.The movie also won Best Screenplay at the Independent Spirit Awards, Audience Awards at both the Munich and Norwegian Film Festivals, Best First Feature at the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, Best Adapted Screenplay at the Washington DC Film Critics Association Awards and the San Diego Film Critics Association Awards, and Top Films of the Year at the New York Film Critics Online. Geni.com
In 2006, <mask> founded Geni.com, a genealogy website that enables family members to collaboratively build an online family tree. At Geni, he wanted more visibility into what was going on across the organization, so the team created a productivity tool to help employees share information. In 2008, Sacks and co-founder Adam Pisoni spun this internal communications tool into a standalone company called Yammer. Geni was acquired by MyHeritage in 2012. Yammer
In 2008, Yammer launched the first Enterprise Social Network, a secure solution for internal corporate communication and collaboration, winning the grand prize at TechCrunch50 conference. According to Social Capital, Yammer's viral approach made it among the fastest-growing Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) companies in history, exceeding eight million enterprise users in just four years.Yammer received approximately US$142 million in funding from venture capital firms such as Charles River Ventures, Founders Fund, Emergence Capital Partners, and Goldcrest Investments. In July 2012, Microsoft acquired Yammer for $1.2 billion as a core part of its cloud/social strategy. Zenefits
In December 2014, Sacks made a "major investment" in Zenefits. In January 2016, Zenefits' board asked him to step in as interim CEO amidst a "regulatory crisis" regarding the company's licensing compliance. Over the next year, Sacks negotiated a resolution with insurance regulators across the U.S. – receiving praise for "righting the ship". <mask> also revamped Zenefits' product line with an initiative he named "Z2", introducing a SaaS business model. Shortly after, PC Magazine would note Zenefits had become "the best HR software on the market".<mask> was succeeded by former Ooyala CEO, Jay Fulcher. Angel investments
<mask> has been investing in technology companies for twenty years. As an angel investor, his investments include Addepar, Affirm, Airbnb, Bird, Clutter, Eventbrite, Facebook, Gusto, Houzz, Intercom, Mixpanel, Opendoor, Palantir Technologies, PayPal, Postmates, ResearchGate, Scribd, Slack, SpaceX, SurveyMonkey, ThirdLove, Uber and Wish. Craft Ventures
In late 2017, <mask> co-founded Craft Ventures and raised an initial fund of $350 million. Craft raised $1.1B in 2021, which brought total assets under management to $2B, according to a Medium post published by the company. Unicorns in Craft Ventures Fund I and Fund II include Bird, BitGo, ClickUp, Pipe, Reddit, SourceGraph and SpaceX. Political views

The Diversity Myth
In college, <mask> was the co-author – with Peter Thiel – of the 1995 book The Diversity Myth: 'Multiculturalism' and the Politics of Intolerance at Stanford, published by the Independent Institute.The book is critical of political correctness in higher education and argues that more intellectual diversity is needed on college campuses. In 2016, <mask> apologized for parts of the book where he called date rape "belated regret". Support for political campaigns
In the February 15, 2022 San Francisco municipal election to recall school board members Collins, Moliga, and Lopez, <mask> was one of the largest financial contributors to support the recall. Awards and recognition
San Francisco Business Times 40 Under 40, <mask> (2012)
Workforce Management Game Changers Award, <mask> (2011)
San Francisco Business Times Bay Area's Most Admired CEOs (2011)

Personal life
On 7 July 2007, <mask> married Jacqueline Tortorice. The couple has two daughters and one son. References

External links

 <mask>'s Twitter page

Interviews

PayPal people
Living people
Film producers from Tennessee
20th-century American Jews
People from Memphis, Tennessee
People from Tennessee
Stanford University alumni
University of Chicago Law School alumni
American chief executives
1972 births
American chief operating officers
South African Jews
South African emigrants to the United States
21st-century American Jews

masks:
David Oliver Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
Sacks
David Sacks
David Sacks
Sacks
David Sack


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<mask> (January 12, 1891 – August 15, 1971) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice admiral. An early naval aviator, he distinguished himself as Commanding officer of aircraft carrier , which was sunk during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands in late October 1942. <mask> was subsequently promoted to Rear admiral and served successively as Commander, Aircraft, Solomons and Chief of the Naval Air Intermediate Training Command at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. He retired from the Navy following the War and served as Deputy State Director of Florida Civil Defense, before he was appointed the Mayor of Pensacola, the office which he held two times from 1947 to 1957 and again from 1963 to 1965. Early career

<mask><mask> was born on January 12, 1891 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, son of fireman <mask> and <mask>. He graduated from the high school in Columbia, Pennsylvania in summer 1908 and received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. While at the Academy, <mask> was active in football, baseball and track and held numerals for excellence.Among his classmates were several future admirals including: Daniel E. Barbey, Richard E. Byrd, Elliott Buckmaster, Walter S. DeLany, Louis E. Denfeld, Campbell D. Edgar, Thomas L. Gatch, Edward Hanson, Aaron S. Merrill, Edward O. McDonnell, <mask>, Alfred E. Montgomery, DeWitt C. Ramsey, Ingram C. Sowell, Mahlon Tisdale, Francis E. M. Whiting, Carleton H. Wright, and Ellis M. Zacharias. <mask> graduated with Bachelor of Science degree in June 1912 and was commissioned Ensign. He was subsequently assigned to battleship Connecticut, participating in the operations with the Atlantic Fleet, before Connecticut was ordered to the Mexican waters to protect American interests during the Mexican Revolution in June 1914. <mask> was promoted to Lieutenant (junior grade) in June 1915 and transferred to light cruiser Chester. In June 1916, <mask> requested for flight training and was ordered to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. He was designated Naval aviator #52 on June 26, 1917 and remained at the Pensacola Air Station as an instructor until the fall of 1917. During his service there, he was promoted to Lieutenant on August 31, 1917.<mask> was then transferred to Long Island, New York and briefly held command of Naval Air Station Bay Shore there. <mask> was transferred to Washington, D.C. in December 1917, and served in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations under Admiral William S. Benson until April 1918. He was then ordered to Europe and assumed duty as Officer-in-Charge of Inspection and Test of Airplanes at the Naval Air Station at Pauillac, France. While in this capacity, <mask> flew the first American-built seaplane powered with single and twin engined Liberty motors delivered to the U.S. Naval Air Forces in Europe. He was promoted to the temporary rank of Lieutenant commander on September 21, 1918. Following the Armistice, <mask> was ordered to London, England and assigned to Armistice commission as a member of the Heavier than air board and participated in the inspection of German air stations.He was later commended by the British Admiralty and also received a Letter of commendation from the Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels for his service during the War. Interwar period

<mask> returned to the United States in January 1919 and assumed command of Naval Air Station Key West, Florida. While in this capacity he qualified as Lighter than air pilot and was transferred to Aroostook, flagship of Air Detachments of the Pacific Fleet. <mask> later organized the first seaplane patrol squadron of the Pacific Fleet and led his unit during the successful flight from San Diego, California to Panama Canal Zone in January–March 1921. He was promoted to the permanent rank of Lieutenant commander on October 22, 1922. In May 1923, <mask> was ordered to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida and assumed duty as Superintendent of Training Flight Schools. He remained in that assignment until December that year, when he was transferred to Naval Air Station Anacostia in Washington, D.C. for duty in connection with organizing of Scouting Plane Squadron 3.<mask> then led his squadron aboard seaplane tender Wright operating with the Scouting Fleet until the spring of 1925, when he was ordered back to Pensacola for duty as commander of Aviation Department aboard aircraft carrier Langley. <mask> was transferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics in Washington, D.C. in July 1926 and after brief tour of duty, he was sent to the American Brown Boveri Company in Camden, New Jersey for duty in connection with fitting out aircraft carrier Saratoga. He was detached in the spring of 1928 and rejoined the staff of Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. During his tenure there, <mask>'s planes took part in the providing assistance during the 1929 floods in Alabama and Southern Florida, dropping food, clothing and medicine to isolated towns. During June 1931, <mask> assumed duty as Aide on the staff of Commander, Aircraft, Scouting Force under Captain George W. Steele Jr and served in that capacity for one year, before was appointed Executive officer of aircraft carrier Langley under command of Commander <mask>. L. Bellinger. While aboard Langley <mask> was stationed in Hawaii and participated in the fleet exercise off the coast of California. During that period, <mask> also completed correspondence course in strategy and tactics at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.On June 30, 1933, <mask> was promoted to Commander and transferred to the Naval Air Station Norfolk, Virginia where he assumed duty as Executive officer under Captain Aubrey W. Fitch. During his service there, he helped to organize a flight of a squadron of planes (Consolidated P2Ys) in September 1933 that flew from Norfolk to Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone, a distance of 2,159 statute miles, the longest formation flight on record at that time. <mask> was ordered to the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia in August 1935 and assumed duty in connection with fitting out of aircraft carrier Yorktown. He spent two years there, during which Yorktown was completed and commissioned on September 30, 1937 with Captain Ernest D. McWhorter in command. <mask> was appointed his executive officer and took part in her shakedown cruise to the Caribbean, visiting Culebra, Puerto Rico; Charlotte Amalie, St Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands; Gonaïves, Haiti; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and Cristóbal, Panama Canal Zone. He served in that assignment until he was promoted to Captain on July 1, 1939 and appointed Commander, Patrol Wing One subordinated to the Aircraft, Scouting Force under Rear admiral Arthur B. Cook. <mask> was stationed with his command in San Diego, California until September 1940, when he was appointed first commanding officer of Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida.His main duty was to plan and execute the naval flight training of pilots and airmen. World War II

Service in South Pacific

Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and the United States entry into World War II, <mask> was still serving in Jacksonville. He remained in that assignment until mid-June 1942, when he was ordered to South Pacific and relieved Captain Marc A. Mitscher as Commanding officer of aircraft carrier Hornet. <mask> led Hornet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and spent next six weeks with replenishing her stores, having minor repairs performed, and having additional light anti-aircraft guns and the new air-search radar fitted. In mid-August 1942, <mask> led Hornet to guard the sea approaches to the bitterly contested Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Due to damage and loss of other aircraft carriers in the area, Hornet became the only operational U.S. carrier in the South Pacific. She was responsible for providing air cover over the Solomon Islands, scoring hits on Japanese tanker; light cruiser, and two cargo ships in Buin-Faisi Area; and shooting down several enemy planes and bombing the Kahili Airfield on Bougainville Island in early October.<mask> then commanded air raids against two enemy beached transports at Kekata Bay and also destroyed several landing barges, fuel dumps, anti-aircraft installations and shot down 12 seaplanes. On October 26, 1942, Hornet was attacked by Japanese dive bombers and torpedo planes off the Santa Cruz Islands and suffered several damage by bombs, while two Aichi D3A "Val" dive bombers crashed into the carrier's island and port side near the bow. <mask> directed the fighting of his ship and his planes damaged enemy aircraft carrier and another three heavy cruisers. Hornet electrical system and engines were damaged and the carrier came to a halt. During the repairs, another torpedo hit destroyed the repairs to the electrical system and caused a 14-degree list. Due to information that Japanese surface forces were approaching and that further towing efforts were futile, Vice admiral William Halsey Jr. ordered Hornet sunk, and an order of "abandon ship" was issued. <mask> was the last man on board, climbed over the side, and the survivors were soon picked up by the escorting destroyers.All but 129 of her 2900 men were rescued. For his service as Commanding officer of Hornet, <mask> was decorated with the Navy Cross, the United States second-highest military decoration awarded for valor in combat. <mask> was subsequently promoted to Rear admiral and assigned to Admiral Halsey's staff. He remained in that assignment until late January 1943, when Halsey decided to succeed Cactus Air Force by joint air command and created the Commander, Aircraft, Solomon Islands in February 1943. His command was stationed on Guadalcanal and included Army, Navy and Marine Air units stationed on the island during the final phase of its defense. Unfortunately, <mask> became ill with severe malaria and pneumonia and was evacuated to the United States in April 1943. Stateside service

Following few weeks in the naval hospital, <mask> reported to Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas as Commander of Naval Air Training Center.By the end of December that year, he was appointed Chief of the Naval Air Intermediate Training Command at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida with additional duty as Commander of Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas. Within this capacity, <mask> was responsible for the advanced naval flight training of pilots and airmen. The personnel, who successfully completed primary training, were passed to intermediate training, which was a fourteen-week course, concentrated at Pensacola and Corpus Christi. During <mask>'s tenure, additional fields and seaplane facilities were constructed and each station had 400 scout and patrol bombers, 300 fighters, and 200 torpedo bombers. At the end of the course, the successful students were designated naval aviators (officers) or naval aviation pilots (enlisted men). <mask> remained in that capacity until May 1945, when he was relieved by Rear admiral Joseph J. Clark and ordered to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii for duty as Commander, Naval Air Bases, Fourteenth Naval District. Within this command, he was responsible for all air stations and air unit deployed on the Hawaiian Islands, and islands to westward, including Midway, Wake, Kure, and Johnston, and Kingman Reef.<mask> remained in that assignment until April 1, 1946, when he retired from active duty, completing 34 years of commissioned service. He was subsequently advanced to the rank of Vice admiral on the retired list for having been specially commended in combat. <mask> received Legion of Merit for his service as Chief of the Naval Air Intermediate Training Command; and Bronze Star Medal for his service on Hawaii; and also was decorated by Allied nations such as Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Later life

Upon his retirement from the Navy, <mask> settled in Jacksonville, Florida, but later moved to Pensacola, where he served as Deputy State Director of Florida Civil Defense. He later headed the Pensacola Historical Society and served as a member of the city council, before he was elected a Mayor of Pensacola in June 1947. <mask> was reappointed Mayor in 1949 and in 1951 was reappointed both to the City council and Mayor. He remained in that capacity until 1957, when he was succeeded by Roy S<mask>.During <mask>'s tenure, the city increased size from less than 10 square miles to more than 17 square miles. A new public library was built and the library moved from Old Christ Church. Plans for a municipal auditorium were completed and an old Frisco engine was given to the city and placed in the Garden Street plaza. Six years later, <mask> ran for Mayor again and was elected, holding the office until 1965. Upon his second retirement, the Florida legislature designated him honorary Pensacola Mayor for life. <mask> was also a member of the Boy Scouts of America; Early Birds of Aviation and served as its President. He and his wife Ralphine Fisher raised their grandson, <mask><mask> III, who orphaned after his father Lieutenant <mask><mask> Jr. died in an airplane crash in Nevada in September 1944 and after their daughter-in-law, Cornelia Amos was killed in a car crash in 1949.<mask><mask> III graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy and became a naval aviator same as both his father and grandfather did. Vice admiral <mask><mask> died at his home in Pensacola, Florida on August 15, 1971, aged 80 and was buried at St. John’s Cemetery in Pensacola. <mask> Park in Pensacola was named in his honor. Decorations

Here is the ribbon bar of Vice admiral <mask>:

References

External links
 Admiral Halsey, Rear Admiral <mask> <mask>, Captain Austin K Doyle, and an unidentified captain in the captain's cabin on USS Nassau at Noumea, New Caledonia, 23 Dec 1942

1891 births
1971 deaths
People from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Mayors of Pensacola, Florida
Aerial warfare pioneers
American aviation record holders
Members of the Early Birds of Aviation
United States Naval Academy alumni
Naval War College alumni
United States Navy admirals
United States Navy personnel of World War I
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy World War II admirals
United States Naval Aviators
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Military personnel from Pennsylvania

masks:
Charles Perry Mason
Mason
Charles P
. Mason
William Charles
Gertrude Rider Mason
Mason
Charles McMorris
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
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Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
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Patrick N
Mason
Mason
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Mason
Mason
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Mason
Mason
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Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
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Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
. Philpot
Mason
Mason
Mason
Charles P
. Mason
Charles P
. Mason
Charles P
. Mason
Charles P
. Mason
Admiral Mason
Mason
Charles P
Mason