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<mask> or <mask>wat dynasty of the Indian princely state of Khetri, Rajasthan between 1870 and 1901. He was born on 16 October 1861 in Alsisar, India. His father was Thakur <mask>, a resident of Alsisar. <mask> was later adopted to Khetri and after the death of <mask>, he became the eighth king of Khetri in 1870. In 1876, he married Rani Champawatiji Sahiba and the couple had one son and two daughters. He died on 18 January 1901 at Sikandra, and was cremated at Mathura. <mask> was a close friend and disciple of Swami Vivekananda.Swami Vivekananda went to Khetri and met <mask> <mask> thrice in his lifetime— in 1891, 1893 and 1897. <mask> <mask> is known for providing financial support to Vivekananda, and encouraging him to speak at the Parliament of the World's Religions at Chicago in 1893. From 1891 <mask> <mask> started sending monthly stipend of  100 to Vivekanada's family in Kolkata. On 1 December 1898 Vivekananda wrote a letter to <mask> <mask> from Belur in which he requested him to make the donation permanent so that even after Vivekananda's death his mother (Bhuvaneswari Devi 1841–1911) gets the financial assistance on a regular basis. The letter archive of Khetri reveals he had frequent communication with the family members of Vivekananda. Biography

Early life and background of a king
<mask> <mask> was born on 16 October 1861 in Alsisar, India. His father was Thakur Chattu <mask>, a resident of Alsisar.<mask>'s mother was the daughter of the Thakur of Nimaj in Jodhpur. Accession to the throne

<mask> <mask> was adopted by Raja Fateh <mask>, seventh king of Khetri. In 1870, after the death of Fateh <mask>, <mask> <mask> acceded to the throne and became the eighth king of Khetri. Though Khetri was small in size, the state was one of the most advanced and progressed states of Rajasthan of that time. <mask> <mask> was a big admirer of arts and music. In 1897 he went to England to attend Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee. Marriage and personal life
In 1876 <mask> <mask> married Rani Champawatiji Sahiba, daughter of Thakur <mask> of Auwa.Rani Champawatiji Sahiba died on 16 May 1904. <mask> <mask> and Champawatiji Sahiba had two daughters and one son. Their first daughter, Surya Kumari, was born on 16 September 1882, married Rajadhiraja Sahib Umaid <mask> II Bahadur of Shahpura in 1894. Surya Kumari died on 8 August 1913 at Shahpura. Their second daughter, Chandra Kumari, was born on 17 January 1889. She married Maan <mask> of Pratapgarh in 1903. Their only son, <mask> Sahib, was born in Agra on 26 January 1893.He studied at Mayo College, Ajmer. In 1901, after the death of <mask> <mask>, Jai became the ninth king of Khetri. In 1905, he established Ajit Singh Hospital in memory of his father. He died on 30 March 1910 in Jaipur after suffering from tuberculosis. Death
<mask> <mask> died on 18 January 1901 in Sikandara, and was cremated at Mathura. At the time of death he was 39 years 3 months old. Incidentally, Swami Vivekananda too died at the age of 39.In a letter written to Marhy Hale, on 18 May 1901, Vivekananda informed—
The Raja of Khetri died from a fall a few months ago. So you see things are all gloomy with me just now, and my own health is wretched. Yet I am sure to bob up soon and am waiting for the next turn. In a separate letter written to Mrs. Ole Bull on 26 January 1901, Swami Vivekananda wrote:

I went to see Mrs. Sevier at Mayavati. On my way I learnt of the sudden death of the Raja of Khetri. It appears he was restoring some old architectural monument at Agra, at his own expense, and was up some tower on inspection. Part of the tower came down, and he was instantly killed.Relationship with Swami Vivekananda

Since the first meeting in June 1891 till <mask> <mask>'s death in January 1901, <mask> <mask> remained a very close friend and disciple of Vivekananda. On 22 November 1898 Vivekananda sent a letter to <mask> <mask> in which he described <mask> <mask> as his only friend in life. First meeting with Swami Vivekananda (1891)
After the death of Ramakrishna, in January 1887 Vivekananda (then Narendranath Datta) and eight other disciples of Ramakrishna took their formal monastic vow at Baranagar math. In 1888, Vivekananda left the monastery of Baranagar and started his life as a wandering monk. In June 1891 Vivekananda reached Khetri and there on 4 June 1891 he met <mask> <mask> for the first time. <mask> <mask>'s first meeting with Vivekananda has been described in detail in some later books. According to Mani Shankar Mukherjee's The Monk As Man: The Unknown Life of Swami Vivekananda, on 4 June 1891, <mask> <mask> woke up at 6:30 am.That evening he met Pratap <mask>, king of Jodhpur and spent around half an hour with him. After that, he was informed that a monk has come to see him. <mask> <mask> met the monk. <mask> <mask> found that the monk was proficient in English, Bengali and Sanskrit languages. <mask> <mask> and the monk discussed on a wide range of subjects. Then <mask> <mask> asked the monk to dine with him. After dinner, around 11 pm at the night, the monk left the palace of <mask> <mask>.The monk was Swami Vivekananda and this was the first meeting of <mask> <mask> and Vivekananda. On his first visit to Khetri Vivekananda stayed there from 4 June 1891 to 27 October 1891. During his time as a wandering monk, this was Vivekananda's longest stay at a single place. To protect him from hot wind of Rajasthan, <mask> <mask> suggested that Vivekananda wear a turban and showed him how to wear it in the Rajasthani style. Vivekananda learned the technique very quickly and later invented a few other variations of wearing it. Later in his life, the turban became a part of his common dress. During his stay Vivekananda closely observed the culture and lifestyle of Rajputana and later praised it in his lectures and letters.Second meeting with Swami Vivekananda (1893)

Swami Vivekananda visited Khetri twice more in his lifetime— in April 1893 and in December 1897. In 1893, Vivekananda stayed in Khetri for three weeks— from 21 April to 10 May. An incident that happened during his second visit, which was later widely analysed, relates to <mask> <mask> organizing a function where a courtesan was to sing. <mask> <mask> invited Vivekananda to attend the performance, but Vivekananda refused the request, explaining that he was a monk and thus could not attend such performances. The dancing girl heard about this comment and at the function she sang a famous song by Sur—
O Lord, look not upon my evil qualities! Thy name, O Lord, is Same-Sightedness. Make us both the same Brahman!The incident was an eye-opener for Vivekananda, and he realized that everything is but the manifestation of God. On 9 May, one day before leaving for Bombay, Vivekananda was asked to visit the women's section of the palace where he blessed <mask>, the newborn son of <mask> <mask>. Assistance and encouragement to join Parliament of World's religions
Vivekananda wished to sail to America to attend the Parliament of the World's Religions as a speaker, which was to be held in Chicago in 1893. When <mask> <mask> learned about this, he encouraged Vivekananda to join the Parliament as a representative of Hinduism and India and provided him financial aid and the tickets for his voyage. It was on <mask> <mask>'s request that Swamiji assumed his monastic name Vivekananda in preference to Sachidananda. In a letter written to Haridas Viharidas Desai in May 1893, Vivekananda wrote—
You may remember that I had from before a desire to go to Chicago. When at Madras, the people there, of their own accord, in conjunction with H.H.of Mysore and Ramnad made every arrangement to send me up. And you may also remember that between H.H. of Khetri and myself there are the closest ties of love. Well, I, as a matter of course, wrote to him that I was going to America. Now the Raja of Khetri thought in his love that I was bound to see him once before I departed, especially as the Lord has given him an heir to the throne and great rejoicings were going on here; and to make sure of my coming he sent his Private Secretary all the way to Madras to fetch me, and of course I was bound to come. On 10 May 1893, Vivekananda left Khetri for Bombay. <mask> <mask> escorted him till Jaipur and Munshi Jagmohahlal, an employee of Khetri, escorted him up to Bombay.<mask> <mask> arranged to send more money to Vivekananda after his arrival at Boston, as American dollars. In America Vivekananda lost his money and when <mask> <mask> learnt of it, he immediately sent  150 more through telegraph service. Initially, Vivekananda had a lower-class ticket for his voyage, but <mask> <mask> had it exchanged for a first class ticket. He also gave him a substantial amount of money for meeting his personal expenses during the journey. Vivekananda wrote a stream of letters to <mask> <mask> from the West, and later from India. <mask> <mask> is known for the financial support he provided to Vivekananda for his social service. On 17 December 1897 at a meeting in Khetri Swamiji noted that whatever little he had done for the uplift of India would not have been possible had he not met the Raja of Khetri.Again, he wrote in a letter to Munshi Jagmohanlal on 11 October 1897, "Certain men are born in certain periods to perform certain actions in combination. <mask> <mask> and myself are two such souls—born to help each other in a big work for the good of mankind.… We are as supplement and complement." Third meeting with Swami Vivekananda (1897)
In 1897 <mask> <mask> sent Vivekananda several letters and invited him to visit Khetri again which Vivekananda accepted. At that time he was staying in Dehradun from where he proceeded to Khetri via Delhi, Alwar and Jaipur. When <mask> <mask> got the news of Vivekananda's arrival, he traveled  from his palace to welcome him. There, Vivekananda was formally welcomed and taken in a procession to Khetri. At Khetri, all employees of the palace showed their respect to Vivekananda by touching his feet and giving him a two rupee coin each.<mask> <mask> gave Vivekananda 3000 coins as a token of respect and love. On 17 December 1897 Vivekananda publicly expressed his gratitude to <mask> <mask>. He said that "it would not have been possible for me to do what little I have done for India but my friendship with Khetri's Maharaja." On 20 December 1897, Vivekananda delivered a lecture in Khetri which was attended by <mask> <mask> and several Europeans. Assistance to Vivekananda's family

From 1891 <mask> <mask> started sending a monthly stipend of  100 to Vivekananda's family in Kolkata. On 1 December 1898 Vivekananda wrote to <mask> <mask> from Belur requesting him to make the donation permanent so that even after Vivekananda's death his mother would continue to get the financial assistance on a regular basis. In that letter Vivekananda wrote—
One thing more will I beg of you – if possible, the 100 Rs.a month for my mother be made permanent, so that even after my death it may regularly reach her. Or even if your Highness ever gets reasons to stop your love and kindness for me, my poor old mother may be provided [for], remembering the love you once had for a poor Sâdhu. <mask> <mask> continued to send the monthly allowance until his death on 18 January 1901. Historians and researchers have estimated the current value of 100 Indian rupees as something between  to . Mani Shankar Mukherjee in his book The Monk As Man: The Unknown Life of Swami Vivekananda commented— "It is, indeed remarkable that a disciple should be so generous towards his teacher's family". <mask> <mask> did not want to publicize this assistance and thoroughly wanted to keep it a secret. Mahendranath Datta, Swami Vivekananda's brother, wrote in his book—
Khetri's Maharaj used to send 100 rupees to Swamiji's mother on a regular basis.The money was sent every month via Sharat Maharaj, Yogen Maharaj and Mr Sandel. He specially requested that this arrangement be not discussed with others. The letters stored at <mask>'s archive show that <mask> <mask> frequently communicated with members of Vivekananda's family from 1892 onwards. On 28 February 1893, Mahendranath Datta, the younger brother of Vivekananda, sent a letter to <mask> in which he expressed his anxiety on not receiving any letter from <mask> <mask> for a long time. In his next letter dated 22 March 1893 Mahendranath told <mask> <mask> the names of the books he recently read. He also informed him that Bhupendranath Datta (the youngest brother of Vivekananda and Mahendranath) was admitted in Metropolitan School, Kolkata, one of the most reputed schools of the city. This shows the frequency of communication between <mask> <mask> and the family members of Vivekananda.Founding of the Ramakrishna Mission at Khetri
In 1958 the Ramakrishna Mission was started at the Palace of Khetri which was donated by <mask> <mask>'s grandson, Bahadur Sardar <mask>. The building has been renamed as Vivekananda Smriti Mandir and houses marble statues of <mask> <mask> and Swami Vivekananda. The room at the topmost storey where Swamiji used to stay and have spiritual discourses with <mask> <mask>, has been converted into a prayer room. Notes

External links

ramakrishna mission&ajit-vivek museum khetri
 Ramakrishna Mission Khetri

1861 births
1901 deaths
Maharajas of Rajasthan
People from Jhunjhunu district
Disciples and friends of Swami Vivekananda

masks:
Ajit Singh
Raja Ajit Singh Bahadurkha
Chattu Singh
Ajit Singh
Fateh Singh
Ajit Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Singh
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Singh
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Devi Singh
Ajit
Singh
Singhji
Singh
Jai Singh
Ajit
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Ajit
Singh
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Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
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Singh
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Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
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Jai Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
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Ajit
Singh
Ajit
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Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Ajit
Singh
Khetri
Ajit
Singh
Khetri
Ajit
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Ajit
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<mask> (born September 27, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and the lead singer of the alternative rock band Third Eye Blind. <mask> began his musical career in 1992 as part of the short-lived rap duo Puck and Natty, alongside Detroit rapper Herman Anthony Chunn. Following the breakup of the duo, <mask> and guitarist Kevin Cadogan formed Third Eye Blind in 1993. The band released their eponymous debut studio album in 1997, which went multi-platinum in the United States. Since then, they have released five more albums: Blue (1999), Out of the Vein (2003), Ursa Major (2009), Dopamine (2015), and Screamer (2019). As part of Third Eye Blind, <mask> has received one Billboard Music Award and eight California Music Awards. <mask> made his debut as a solo artist as a feature on Run-DMC's 2001 single "Rock Show".<mask> also released a live album, Live at Amoeba, as a Record Store Day exclusive vinyl in 2016. In 2001, <mask> made his acting debut with a cameo in the film Rock Star. <mask> also appeared in the television series All That (2003) and Punk'd (2005), in addition to pursuing his first lead role in the 2003 thriller Art of Revenge. As a producer, <mask> helmed the production on albums by The Braids, Vanessa Carlton, and Spencer Barnett. Early life

<mask> was born in Indio, California. Shortly after his birth, his family moved to Wisconsin where his father was a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, after graduating from Northwestern University. They later moved to Palo Alto, California when <mask> was 6.When he was 7 years old, his parents divorced. His mother became an alcoholic. During elementary school, he suffered from dyslexia, causing him to repeat 1st grade. His father, who later got positions at Stanford and then the University of California, Berkeley, would help him with his dyslexia. He attended Henry M. Gunn Senior High School and graduated in 1983 where he rose to the top of his class. <mask> got interested in music early in life. He recalls creating original musical works at the age of five using pots and pans on the floor of his kitchen at home in northern California.In 1987, he graduated from University of California, Berkeley, with a B.A. in English Literature. <mask> began musical work as a drummer. During high school, he performed with Fast Forward, consisting of <mask> on drums, Nick Dement (guitar), Ben Austin (bass), and Greg Magel (guitar). Though the precocious <mask> was still in high school, the other three were students at neighboring Stanford University. With the breakup of Fast Forward, Austin and Magel departed; <mask> and Dement added new bassist Scott Lockhart and formed the trio Splash. Stanford University student Lawrence Schoeffler made a music video for their song "Suzaie" as part of his graduate portfolio in film production, which was broadcast on MTV Basement Tapes (1983) and won a Bronze Medal at the International Film & TV Festival of New York.Puck and Natty
<mask> then formed Puck and Natty (the name originating with the Shakespeare characters, but also serving as a playful poke at a well-known Bay Area jazz duo, Tuck & Patti), a 'funky rap masta' group, with Detroit rapper Herman Anthony Chunn in 1992. Puck and Natty was short lived; however, their track, "Just Wanna Be Your Friend" landed on a soundtrack album of the hit TV show Beverly Hills, 90210 in 1992. In a 1999 interview with the San Francisco Chronicle, <mask> provided a synopsis of the way things went down. "'You want me to do a song for your TV show that I've never seen? No problem,' recalled <mask> & Zen because of a complaint from the jazz duo, Tuck & Patti. Third Eye Blind and mainstream success

<mask> formed Third Eye Blind in 1993 with Kevin Cadogan. They played small gigs around the San Francisco Bay Area for years and were, for the most part, unknown until they were signed in 1996 by Elektra Records. The band's deal with Elektra was later reported as the largest publishing deal ever for a previously-unsigned artist. <mask> has written or co-written every song on the band's five studio albums and one EP. <mask> won two California Music Awards for Best Songwriter. along with bandmate Cadogan; in addition, he was nominated three years in a row as Best Vocalist and won Artist of the Year.Other work

Producing career
<mask> has produced for Third Eye Blind and several music artists. In 1997, he co-produced Third Eye Blind's self-titled debut studio album with Eric Valentine. The duo also helmed production on The Braids' debut studio album, Here We Come (1999). He co-produced follow-up Blue (1999) and Out of the Vein (2003) with Arion Salazar and Third Eye Blind, while acting as the sole producer on Ursa Major (2009), Dopamine (2015), and We Are Drugs (2016). In 2004, <mask> co-wrote four songs for and produced Vanessa Carlton's second studio album, Harmonium. He co-wrote five songs for Carlton's follow-up, Heroes & Thieves (2007), in addition to co-producing the effort with Irv Gotti and Linda Perry. In 2015, <mask> produced Spencer Barnett's extended play, 13 Summers In.In 2020, <mask> co-wrote Blackbear's "I Feel Bad". Acting career
<mask> made his acting debut with a cameo in the film Rock Star (2001) playing Bradley, the lead singer of the fictional band Black Babylon. He has also appeared in the former Nickelodeon series All That, and he appeared on the MTV candid camera show Punk'd when Vanessa Carlton was the subject of one of Ashton Kutcher's practical jokes. He also starred as the lead role in the 2003 independent thriller, Art of Revenge. Personal life
In 1987, <mask> graduated as valedictorian of his class from the University of California, Berkeley with a B.A. in English literature. <mask> was diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome preceding the release of Third Eye Blind (1997).<mask> was in a three-year relationship with actress Charlize Theron until October 2001. Some of Third Eye Blind's third album, Out of the Vein, explores the emotions <mask> experienced as a result of their breakup. From 2002 to 2007, <mask> dated Vanessa Carlton. When asked about living as a high-profile musician, he stated "Am I a rock star? Yeah, I guess. I also get to live in North Beach and go to a pub and drink my pint and go to a café and drink my coffee. I carry groceries home on the tank of my motorcycle.I find pleasure in things that are simple. Is that a rock star's life? It is for me." <mask> is a supporter of the Black Lives Matter movement. He is an advocate for gay rights, stating that he was influenced by queer culture in San Francisco. In 2016, <mask> voiced support for Hillary Rodham Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Discography

Live albums

Guest appearances

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
American male bloggers
American bloggers
American male singer-songwriters
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
American rock singers
American rock songwriters
Male actors from California
Singer-songwriters from California
Third Eye Blind members
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from Indio, California
Musicians from San Bernardino, California
People from Palo Alto, California
Guitarists from California
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
Gunn High School alumni

masks:
Stephan Douglas Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Stephan
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Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
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<mask> () is recognized internationally as a master of the Hung Sing branch of Choy Li Fut () kung fu and T'ai chi ch'uan (). He was born in 1948 in the Guangdong () province of China; the Wangshan village of Wushan - Doumen district of Zhuhai City. In April 1960, he immigrated to San Francisco, California with his mother to be reunited with his father. He arrived as a third-generation citizen of the United States of America since both his grandfather and father were already citizens. He sought out his first kung fu teacher - Lau Bun (), the founder of the first Hung Sing Kwoon of Choy Li Fut in America, after encountering taunting and bullying due to language and ethnic difficulties after his arrival. When Lau Bun died in 1967, he started teaching and opened his first school when he was 19 years old. In 1976, he continued his Choy Li Fut training under Hu Yuen Chou () and <mask> ().When Hu Yuen Chou died in 1997, he continued working with <mask>, the current "keeper" of Jiangmen branch of Hung Sing Choy Li Fut, to promote Choy Li Fut world-wide. <mask>-Fai also had extensive training in Yang-style Taijiquan () (Yang-style t'ai chi ch'uan) under the tutelage of Hu Yuen Chou, who studied under Yang Chengfu () (1883–1936) - the grandson of Yang Luchan (), the founder of the Yang-style t'ai chi ch'uan. <mask>-Fai is also a disciple and adopted son of Professor Peng-Si Yu (1902–1983) and Min Ou-Yang, both considered to be among China's greatest Qigong () and Yiquan () teachers. He also has expertise in the practice of Feng Shui (). In 1986, he founded the Plum Blossom International Federation. As of 2016, the Federation has continued to grow and is now represented in nine countries on six continents by over 300 schools in 40 countries with over 20,000 members. Grandmaster Doc-Fai <mask> continues to provide instruction traveling throughout the world conducting seminars.As of 2015, <mask>-Fai has been training in Choy Li Fut Kung Fu for 56 years and teaching martial arts for 47 years. Currently he is considered to be one of the highest ranking Choy Li Fut masters in the world and was just awarded "Grandmaster of the Year" by the FIOGA, Federation International of Grandmasters Association, based in China. Timeline
1948 - Born in Wangshan Village of the Wushan area, Doumen district, Zhuhai City, Guangdong province
1960 - Immigrated to San Francisco, California. 1963 - Began training with Lau Bun who brought Choy Li Fut to the United States and founded the first Hung Sing Kwoon of Choy Li Fut in America. 1967 - Begins teaching students after the death of Lau Bun. 1968 - Opened his first school in San Francisco, California. 1974 to 2003 - Taijiquan instructor at San Francisco City College.1976 - Became the first official disciple of both Great Grandmasters Hu Yuen Chou and <mask>. 1976 to 1997 - Studied in Hong Kong for his senior advanced level martial arts training each year during consecutive summers and winters. 1977 - Became one of the first California state certified acupuncturist and licensed practitioner of Traditional Chinese medicine. 1986 - Founded the Plum Blossom International Federation. 1986-1993 - Became regular columnist for Inside Kung Fu Magazine. 1987 - Promoted to grandmaster of his federation for both Choy Li Fut and Taijiquan (T'ai chi) by Hu Yuen Chou before his retirement. 1987 - Promoted to grandmaster status by his teacher <mask>.Coach for the United States team competing in the Republic of China International Taijiquan Federation's World Championship Push Hands competition. 1987 - The only U.S. team to win at this tournament, placing second only to Taiwan. 1990 - Team again placed second. 2000 - 2011 Resumed his Bi-monthly column with Inside Kung Fu Magazine
2004 - Head Instructor of the Tai Chi Club of the Telegraph Hill Neighborhood Center in San Francisco. 2004 - Coach to the largest U.S. team of 40 competing in the First World Traditional Wushu Tournament held in Zhengzhou, China. His team wins totalled 72 medals; 20 gold, 38 silver, 14 bronze. 2006 - Accompanied by 50 students, Zhan Jiang City of China, First Traditional Wushu Invitational Competition, the "Hua Jian Garden Cup."His team members took home 63 medals;45 were gold, 12 silver, and 6 bronze. The competition was held in the Xu Wen County Public Square with over 60,000 observing the competition over two nights. 2006 - In April 2006, <mask>-Fai raised the funds for renovating the original residence of Chan Heung (), the founder of Choy Li Fut kung fu in the King Mui Village of China for the Chan family, to set up the house as a museum. 2015 - Inducted into the FIOGA (Federation International Of Grandmaster's Association) Hall of Fame and awarded "Grandmaster of the Year." Plum Blossom International Federation
In 1986, <mask>-Fai established the International Plum Blossom Federation. As of 2016, the federation has over 300 schools in 40 countries worldwide. Federation schools can be found throughout the United States, Canada, Central and South America, Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa, Philippines, and Tahiti.<mask>-Fai has certified instructors from his students down to the fourth generation teaching in his international federation. Awards and recognitions
1986 - Selected as one of the top 50 most influential martial arts personalities in the world by Inside Kung Fu magazine
1991 - Awarded the Kung Fu Artist of the Year by Black Belt magazine. 2003 - Inducted to the Martial Arts History Museum's Martial Arts Hall of Fame. 2003 - Referred to as a National Treasure in a Special Edition of Inside Kung Fu Magazine. 2005 - Picked as one of the Top 18 Greatest Sifus in America by Inside Kung Fu Magazine. 2007 - Selected as Inside Kung Fu Magazine's 2007 Instructor of the Year. 2013 - Certification of 10th Level Duan in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Federation International of Grandmaster Association (FIOGA)

Publications
 Featured on the covers of Martial Arts magazines over 20 times
 Written over 200 articles.Bimonthly columnist for Inside Kung Fu Magazine from 1986–1995 and 2000-2011
Authored featured articles in the following magazines from 1980 through 2003
Inside Kung Fu Magazine
Karate Illustrated magazine
Karate Kung Fu Illustrated magazine
American Karate magazine
Kung Fu Tai Chi magazine
Black Belt Magazine
 Authored several books
Choy Li Fut Kung Fu: The Dynamic Fighting Art Descended From the Monks of the Shaolin Temple by Doc Fai <mask> and Jane Hallander (1985) - History of Choy Li Fut Kung Fu. Description and examples of basics stance, hand techniques and includes basic training forms sets. Shaolin Five Animals by Doc-Fai <mask> (1987) - Historical background of the Shaolin Five Animals and the techniques incorporated within the hand forms. Tai Chi Chuan's Internal Secrets by Doc Fai <mask> and Jane Hallander (1991) - An in depth discussion on advanced Tai Chi techniques. Produced 9 instructional videos

References

Chinese tai chi practitioners
Martial arts school founders
Chinese non-fiction writers
1948 births
Living people
Writers from Zhuhai
Sportspeople from Guangdong
Martial arts writers

masks:
Doc Fai Wong
Wong Gong
Wong Gong
Wong Doc
Wong Doc
Wong
Wong Doc
Wong Gong
Wong Gong
Wong Doc
Wong Doc
Wong Doc
Wong
Wong
Wong


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<mask> (born 26 March 1974) is a Nigerian pastor and former professional footballer who played as a defender. He is best remembered for his various unusual and colourful hairstyles. After winning several major trophies with Auxerre in French football, <mask> went on to play for both Milanese clubs, Internazionale and Milan. He also appeared in the top-level leagues of England and Germany. At international level, <mask> made 42 caps for Nigeria between 1994 and 2005, taking part in two World Cups and two African Championships. He also represented his country at the 1996 Olympics, winning a gold medal. Club career

Early years
Born in Port Harcourt, <mask> was discovered by Monday Sinclair, who recruited him to play for Sharks.He started playing professionally with Obanta United in 1989, before returning to Sharks in 1990. <mask> then played for Enugu Rangers in 1991, before joining Julius Berger in 1992. Auxerre
Following successful trials in early 1993, <mask> joined French side Auxerre led by Guy Roux. He was on the bench during a 2–2 UEFA Cup draw against Tenerife on 15 September 1993, but failed to make his debut. <mask> eventually played his first competitive game for the club in a 0–0 away league draw at Toulouse on 5 March 1994. He became a first team regular in the following season, making 31 appearances in all competitions. In the 1995–96 season, <mask> helped Auxerre win their first league title in the club's history, alongside such players as Laurent Blanc and Sabri Lamouchi, among others.They also won the national cup, thus collecting the double. <mask> subsequently made seven appearances in the 1996–97 UEFA Champions League, as the club was eliminated in the quarter-finals by the eventual champions Borussia Dortmund. Internazionale and Milan
In June 1997, <mask> was transferred to Italian side Internazionale, on a four-year deal. He made his competitive debut for the club in a 1–0 Coppa Italia victory over Foggia on 3 September 1997. Subsequently, <mask> scored his first goal for Internazionale in a 2–1 Serie A win against Atalanta on 9 November 1997. He also scored the extra time winning goal against Schalke 04 in the 1997–98 UEFA Cup quarter-finals. Eventually, Internazionale won the competition led by Ronaldo and Iván Zamorano, with <mask> being sent off in the final against Lazio.In the next season, <mask> made 21 league appearances, as the club missed securing a spot in UEFA competitions. He failed to make any appearance in the 1999–2000 season, being three times an unused substitute. In the 2000 winter transfer window, <mask> switched to Internazionale's crosstown rivals Milan. He made his debut for the club on 24 March 2000, coming on as an injury time substitute for Andriy Shevchenko in 2–0 win over Juventus. On 14 May 2000, <mask> managed to score his only goal for Milan in a 4–0 victory over Udinese. England and Germany
In November 2000, <mask> moved to English club Derby County, on an initial three-month loan. He made his debut for the Rams on 18 November 2000, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–0 home league win over Bradford City which was Derby's first league win of the season.In January 2001, <mask> signed an extension to stay with the Derbyshire side until the end of the 2000–01 season. He helped the team avoid relegation, making 18 appearances, as Derby won 31 out of their 42 total points with him in the lineup. In May 2001, <mask> eventually left the club because his "international commitments". In November 2001, <mask> joined German club 1. FC Kaiserslautern on a free transfer. He made his debut for the team in a 5–1 home league win over St. Pauli on 17 November 2001, starting the match and earning a yellow card in the process, before being substituted in the 81st minute. In April 2002, <mask> was released by the club due to their "total disagreement".He made a total of 10 league appearances in the 2001–02 season. In August 2002, <mask> trained with English side Manchester City for 10 days. He eventually failed to get a contract due to lack of fitness. Partizan
On 24 January 2003, it was announced that <mask> will join the reigning FR Yugoslavia champions Partizan. He arrived in Belgrade for the final negotiations with the club five days later. On 30 January 2003, <mask> signed an 18-month contract with Partizan. He made his official debut for the club on 1 March 2003, playing the full 90 minutes in a 4–2 home league victory over Radnički Obrenovac.<mask> scored his first goal for Partizan in a 4–0 home league win over Vojvodina on 7 May 2003. Under Lothar Matthäus, the club convincingly won the 2002–03 First League of Serbia and Montenegro. Afterwards, <mask> was one of the most influential players on the way to helping Partizan reach the group stage of the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League, eliminating Newcastle United on penalties in the third qualifying round. He managed to record three appearances in Group F, despite missing numerous games in the first half of the 2003–04 season due to injuries. In February 2004, <mask> left the club by mutual consent. Later years
In August 2004, <mask> signed a one-year contract with Qatari club Al-Arabi. He scored his only goal for the side in a 1–1 league draw away at Al-Wakrah on 4 November 2004.<mask> subsequently returned to England, penning a one-year deal with Plymouth Argyle in July 2005. He made his debut for the club on 27 August 2005, picking up a yellow card in a 0–1 loss to Hull City. <mask> appeared in only five games for Plymouth, before his contract was terminated in October 2005. In January 2007, <mask> was close to signing with Croatian club Rijeka, but failed his medical. He eventually moved to Iran and signed a one-year contract with Paykan in August 2007. <mask> failed to make a start with the club, having his contract terminated by mutual consent only three months later. In February 2008, <mask> reportedly claimed to be joining Segunda División side Xerez, but the club's president denied any knowledge of the player's arrival.International career
<mask> was a member of the Flying Eagles at the 1993 African Youth Championship. He then went on to earn 42 full international caps for Nigeria, making his debut in a 1–3 loss to Sweden on 5 May 1994. <mask> was also a member of the Olympic squad that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He played every single minute of the tournament. Two years later, <mask> was named in the 22-man squad for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, together with Jay-Jay Okocha, Nwankwo Kanu, and others. They reached the second stage of the tournament, being eliminated by Denmark in the round of 16. In the 2000 African Cup of Nations, <mask> played the full 90 minutes in all of Nigeria's games in the competition, as they finished runners-up to Cameroon.He also represented his country in the tournament's 2002 edition, finishing in third place. Additionally, <mask> was a member of the team at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He made two appearances in the "Group of Death", as Nigeria finished bottom of the table, behind Sweden, England and Argentina. After the tournament, Nigeria coach Festus Onigbinde blamed <mask> for the team's failure, stating that the player "flouted' his instructions. In January 2004, <mask> suffered an injury during the team's training session that ruled him out of the African Cup of Nations. He returned to the national team on 17 August 2005, making his final appearance for the Super Eagles in a friendly against Libya. Style of play
Primarily a centre-back, <mask> was a physically commanding and powerful defender.Although he lacked significant pace, <mask> was known for his ball-winning abilities, commitment, and hard-tackling style of play, as well as his forward surging runs. Personal life

Religion and beliefs
A devout Christian, <mask> admittedly used charms before games during his professional career as a footballer. He eventually became a pastor after his footballing days. In 2014, <mask> founded a church called "Shelter in the Storm Miracle Ministries of All Nation" in Lagos. Age controversy
In 2010, it was reported that <mask> and other Nigerian internationals, such as Jay-Jay Okocha, Nwankwo Kanu and Obafemi Martins, were much older than they claimed to be. In April 2013, Žarko Zečević, former FK Partizan general secretary, said that <mask> is 12 years older than his claimed age. Shortly afterwards, <mask> denied the accusation.Career statistics

Club

International

Honours

Club
Auxerre
 Championnat de France: 1995–96
 Coupe de France: 1993–94, 1995–96

Internazionale
 UEFA Cup: 1997–98

Partizan
 First League of Serbia and Montenegro: 2002–03

International
Nigeria
 Olympic Games: 1996
 Africa Cup of Nations: Runner-up 2000

References

External links

1. FC Kaiserslautern players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2000 African Cup of Nations players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
A.C. Milan players
Age controversies
AJ Auxerre players
Al-Arabi SC (Qatar) players
Association football defenders
Bundesliga players
Derby County F.C. players
Rangers International F.C. players
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Iran
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in Serbia and Montenegro
First League of Serbia and Montenegro players
FK Partizan players
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Inter Milan players
Bridge F.C. players
Ligue 1 players
Nigeria international footballers
Nigerian expatriate footballers
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in England
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in France
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Iran
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Serbia and Montenegro
Nigerian footballers
Nigerian Professional Football League players
Olympic footballers of Nigeria
Olympic gold medalists for Nigeria
Olympic medalists in football
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Premier League players
Qatar Stars League players
Serie A players
Sharks F.C. players
Sportspeople from Port Harcourt
UEFA Cup winning players
1974 births
Living people
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics

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<mask> (6 June 1920 – 11 January 1977) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a night fighter ace credited with 58 aerial victories claimed in 171 combat missions making him the tenth most successful night fighter pilot in the history of aerial warfare. All of his victories were claimed over the Western Front in Defense of the Reich missions against the Royal Air Force's (RAF) Bomber Command. Born in Reinfeld, Schleswig-Holstein, <mask> grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Following graduation from school, he joined the military service in 1939 and was trained as a pilot. In early-1941, he transferred to Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing) where he became a night fighter pilot and claimed his first aerial victory on the night of 26/27 July 1942. In Oktober 1943, <mask> was appointed Staffelkapitän. Following his 34th aerial victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 24 June 1944 and was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe (1st group) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (NJG 2—2nd Night Fighter Wing).He claimed his last five aerial victories on 15/16 March 1945 and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 15 April 1945. <mask>, who later served as a Hauptmann der Reserve (captain of the reserves) in the German Air Force, died on 11 January 1977 in Reinfeld, Schleswig-Holstein. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 6 June 1920 in Reinfeld, Schleswig-Holstein near Bad Oldesloe, in Weimar Germany. He was born into a family of carpenters  who ran a furniture making business. After attending school and passing his Abitur (School Leaving Certificate) he opted to join the Luftwaffe as a Fahnenjunker (Officer candidate) on 1 October 1939, one month after the German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which began World War II in Europe. On the 1 February 1941, as an officer candidate, he advanced to the rank of Leutnant. In early 1942 he was assigned to 4.Staffel (Squadron) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 (NJG 3—Night Fighter Wing 3). World War II

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign. By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.NJG 3 was initially based at Stade, defending northern Germany. On 3 April 1942 <mask> was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class () for his service. It is not clear whether <mask> had claimed any aerial successes prior to the award. 4./NJG 3 received credit for the destruction of three bombers on the night of the 1/2 April 1942, between 00:20 and 01:28. The names of the claiming crews are not listed and the type of enemy aircraft and location is also omitted from German records. <mask>'s first official victory was recorded on the night of the 26/27 July 1942 when he shot down a Royal Air Force (RAF) Handley Page Halifax southwest of Pellworm at 01:019. This night, Air Marshal Arthur Harris, Air Officer Commanding (AOC) RAF Bomber Command sent a force of 181 Vickers Wellingtons, 77 Avro Lancaster, 73 Halifax, 39 Short Stirling and 33 Handley Page Hampdens against Hamburg, in one of the first raids against the city, before Operation Gomorrah, exactly a year later.By the date of this first victory, <mask> had transferred to 5. Staffel. <mask>'s second victory occurred on 17 January 1943 when he claimed a Lancaster over Hademarschen at 21:59. The victory was recorded with 4. Staffel, indicating he had returned to his original unit. <mask> was promoted to Oberleutnant on 1 February 1943. Ruhr and Baltic
The night war escalated dramatically in 1943.Harris felt that Bomber Command has amassed sufficient resources to attack and destroy the Ruhr where large concentrations of German war industry was located, and particularly the steel producing centres of Germany. Harris had 53 squadrons available, of which 17 were medium bomber units. Harris also had pathfinder units equipped with H2S radar which mapped the terrain and could penetrate through haze and smoke for greater bombing accuracy. Bomber Command also utilised "window" to confound German ground radar in July. The attacks were dubbed the Battle of the Ruhr (March–July 1943). <mask> and NJG 3 were heavily involved in countering Bomber Command's operations. On the night of 10/11 March 1943, <mask> claimed his third victory.At 22:12 south of Middelfart, Denmark. This victory report suggests <mask> had once again returned to 5. Staffel. He was also the only German night fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe to claim a victory this night. Bomber Command reported the loss of two Lancasters on mine-laying operations this night. The bomber was identified as Lancaster I ED305, KM-S, No. 44 Squadron RAF crashed into Lille Bælt.Pilot Sergeant Brian T. C. Smith, Flight Engineer Sergeant Gordon R. Black RCAF, navigator Flying Officer Robert H. Carr, Bombardier Sergeant Charles H. D. Cook, wireless operator Geoffrey S. Love, air gunners Sergeant Charles V. Brown and Alfred Healey were killed in action. On 13 March <mask> was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class () and appointed Staffelkapitän of 1./NJG 3. On 30 March at 00:50, over Welmbüttel, <mask> shot down a Halifax. <mask> became a night fighter ace on 21/22 June when he claimed a Stirling west of Antwerp, Belgium, at 01:32. His victim was claimed out of a 705-strong force that bombed Krefeld. 262 Lancaster, 209 Halifax, 117 Stirling, 105 Wellington bombers, supported by 12 de Havilland Mosquitos took part. Bomber Command lost 44; 17 Halifax and exactly nine each of the Lancaster, Stirling, and Wellington types were lost.On the night of 29/30 July 1943 <mask> achieved his most successful night to date, downing four bombers. Over Hanover at 23:10 and southeast Heide at 00:23 he claimed an unidentified heavy bomber and a Lancaster to increase his personal telly to 8. Hovering in the same sector he downed a Halifax southeast of Heide at 00:40 and then northeast of the town that <mask> caught and shot down another Halifax at 00:52 for his 10th victory. One of the bombers was No. 158 Squadron RAF Halifax II, JD277 NP-G. Flying Officer A. H. Boyle survived but pilot Flight Sergeant N. R. McDonald and five others were killed. The other may have been Halifax II JB956, KN-O of No.77 Squadron RAF flown by Flight Sergeant George Henry Sutton. All eight men were killed on their 11th operation. <mask> was flying a Dornier Do 217 on this operation. On 17/18 August 1943, Harris ordered Operation Hydra, a series of attacks against the Peenemünde Army Research Center producing V-weapons. <mask> scrambled to intercept but only caught one Lancaster with his radar operator east of Flensburg at 02:57. <mask> spotted the bomber caught in searchlights and fired off an identification flare to force the anti-aircraft batteries to cease-fire against the bomber. <mask> swiftly dispatched the bomber, identified as ED725 PM-P.It belonged to No. 103 Squadron RAF and P. J. O'Donnell and his crew were killed. On 23/24 August <mask> claimed his 12th victory southeast of Thomsdorf at 00:58. <mask> did not score a victory again until 27/28 September 1943, when he accounted for a Lancaster over Hanover. The report lists <mask> as belonging to 4./NJG 3 at this time. <mask> claimed his 14th victory northeast of Stendal. The report described the enemy aircraft as a four engine bomber but did not specify the type.The 15th claim was filed that same night, when he reported a Lancaster shot down over Haguenau. Berlin and North Sea
On 18 November 1943 Harris began his Berlin offensive. Stab./NJG 3 under Helmut Lent was based at Stade, I./NJG 3 under Hauptmann Walter Milius, based at Vechta, II./NJG 3 under Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld, at Schleswig, III./NJG 3 under Major Bart, also at Stade, and IV./NJG 3 under Major Simon at Grove, prepared to meet the offensive. II./NJG 3, to which <mask>'s most recent unit, 4. Staffel, belonged was equipped with an assortment of Junkers Ju 88C, Messerschmitt Bf 110G and Dornier Do 217 night fighters. <mask>'s 16th and first success in the defence of Berlin occurred in the early evening of the 1 December 1943, when he claimed a Stirling shot down over the Frisian Islands at 15:54. It was one of only two claims submitted by a German night fighter pilot on this night.The other was reported shot down by a Feldwebel Weilding north of Aschaffenburg at 21:15. Bomber Command sent 19 Stirling and 12 Halifax aircraft to the Frisians and to the east coast of Denmark on mine-laying operations. Two Stirlings were reported missing. Stirling III EH880 of No. 75 Squadron RAF, piloted by Warrant Officer G. J. S. Kerr was one of the missing aircraft. All the crew perished when it crashed after reaching base. It hit a house at the end of the airfield and five children were killed.Stirling III, EF191, WP-H, of No. 90 Squadron RAF also crashed near Esbjerg in Denmark. Sergeant J. L. Blackwood, E. Draper, J. H. Flack, Warrant Officer J. E. Nixon, Flight Sergeant C. E.

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 Quickfall, Sergeants H. E. Steele and R. G. Whitmarsh were killed. On 28/29 January 1944 <mask> scrambled with 4. Staffel and shot down a Halifax and Lancaster at 02:34 and 02:37. The location of these successes are not recorded. Seventeen days later he accounted for victory number 19 northeast of "Hallersleben" (possibly Fallersleben) at 20:03.On this date, <mask> was awarded the German Cross in Gold (). <mask> reached the 20-mark on 24/25 February 1944 when he shot down a heavy bomber at 22:02 between Metz and Baden-Baden. Bomber Command switched their effort to Augsburg on 25/26 February 1944. Harris committed 594 bombers, including 461 Lancasters and 123 Halifax bombers supported by 10 Mosquitos. South of Augsburg he accounted for his 21st victory at 22:43. On 15/16 March <mask> gained a 22nd victory on 23:12 southwest of Stuttgart. On the night of the 22/23 March <mask> achieved two victories at 21:28 near Hanover and two north and northwest of Frankfurt at 21:48 and 21:54 to reach 25.<mask> scored again at 22:14, his fourth bomber of the night. North of Berlin scored again on 24/25 March at 22:28 as the Berlin offensive came to an end. On the night of the 30/31 March 1944, Bomber Command suffered heavy losses on a raid to Nüremberg. The British dispatched 795 aircraft, including 572 Lancasters, 214 Halifaxes and nine Mosquitos. A further 49 Halifax aircraft were sent on minelaying operations in the Heligoland area, 13 Mosquito night fighters were sent to German night-fighter airfields, 34 Mosquitos flew on diversions to Aachen, Cologne and Kassel. 95 bombers were lost: 64 Lancasters and 31 Halifaxes which amounted to 11.9 per cent of the force. It was the largest Bomber Command loss of the war.Some German night fighter pilots scored heavily this night but Hauptmann <mask> accounted for just a single claim—a Lancaster—southwest of Bonn at 00:26. Pointblank and Normandy
In April 1944 Bomber Command turned to support the American United States Army Air Force (USAAF) Pointblank directive with greater regularity. Against the wishes of Harris, Bomber Command now turned to attacking rail yards, bridges and communications to facilitate Operation Overlord and the D-Day landings when they occurred. II./NJG 3 was based at Vechta on 1 April 1944, at the outset of the offensive. On night of the 22/23 April 1944 Bomber Command attacked targets throughout Germany. <mask> caught a Halifax south west of Düsseldorf at 01:23 and another northwest of the city at 01:44 for his 30th victory. One of <mask>'s victims was Avro Lancaster I DV394, KC-M, from the famous No.617 Squadron RAF "Dambusters". Flight Lieutenant J. L. Cooper DFC was taken prisoner with all but one of crew—G. J. Harden DFC was the only member of the crew killed. 24/25 April Raht downed a Lancaster  south of Echterdingen. The next night over Schweinfurt at 02:15 Raht claimed another Lancaster. On 1 May 1944 Raht was promoted to Hauptmann.<mask> did not score again until the Allied invasion had begun on 6 June 1944. The month he transferred to Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (NJG 2) as Gruppenkommandeur of I./NJG 2 in France. <mask>'s combat claim for the night of the 11/12 June 1944 simply stated he shot down a four-engine bomber over the French coast at 00:53. Another unidentified bomber was claimed southeast of Compiègne at 01:01 on 23 June. His 34th victory was one of 11 claims made by German night fighter crews on this night. The main thrust of Bomber Command operations this night had been inland. 221 aircraft—111 Lancaster and 100 Halifax bombers, supported by 10 Mosquitos from No.1, 4 and 8 Groups attacked railway yards at Laon and Reims. Four Halifax were lost from the Laon raid and four Lancaster bombers from the Reims raid were reported missing. Minelaying sorties around French ports did not incur losses from German defences. <mask> was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () on 24 June 1944 for 34 night victories. A Lancaster over Bailleau-le-Pin at 01:44 on 1 July and another three at 01:04, 01:11 and sector "TD-TE" at 01:29 on 8 July brought his tall to 38. Another double claim at 02:07 and 02:17 over Coulommiers and Gien took him to 40. On the night of the 28/29 July 1944 494 Lancasters and two Mosquitos of No.1, 3, 5 and 8 Groups attacked Stuttgart. German fighters intercepted the bomber stream while over France on the outward flight; there was a full moon and 39 Lancaster bombers were shot down, 19 per cent of the force. 307 aircraft (187 Halifax, 106 Lancaster, 14 Mosquitos from No. 1, 6 and 8 Groups) raided Hamburg. German fighters again appeared, this time on the homeward flight, and 18 Halifax and four Lancaster bombers were lost, 12 per cent of the force. The bombing was judged ineffective in the later attack. 119 aircraft of No.1, 4 and 8 Groups also attacked the flying bomb stores area at Forêt De Nieppe without loss. 95 training aircraft flew on a diversionary sweep over the North Sea, and 13 Mosquitos flew to Frankfurt, 50 Mosquito mounted night fighter patrols while five Halifax bombers carried out minelaying in the river Elbe without loss. The conditions and size of the attack saw the Luftwaffe mount a considerable response. This night German night fighters claimed 87 bombers shot down. <mask> claimed a bomber shot down his 41st victory over France at 00:45. On 25/26 August 1944 <mask> downed his last of the campaign at 01:38 at an unknown location. Defence of the Reich
In southern Germany, <mask> commanded the Gruppe against night intrusions.On 2/3 February 1945, he accounted for a Halifax and on 3/4 February a Lancaster. Southwest of Mannheim, he claimed a Halifax at 23:49 on the first night and on the second a Lancaster at 20:00 over an unreported location. On the night of 7/8 February 1945, <mask> became an "ace-in-a-day" after he claimed six four-engined bombers of unknown type. His victories were claimed at 22:22, at 22:41, at 23:00, at 00:08, at 00:16 and at 00:23 respectively: his 46th to 51st victories. On the night of the 3/4 March 1945 <mask> took part in Operation Gisela, an intruder mission over England. At 23:00 <mask> took off leading I./NJG 2 from their base in Twente to intercept a homeward bound Bomber Command raid. Over England, at 01:04 and 01:26 he claimed two four-engine bombers.According to Heinz Rökker, one of <mask>'s pilots in the group, they flew the Junkers Ju 88G-6 on the mission. The Ju 88s were loaded with bombs and crews were ordered to attack the airfields as well as attack bombers. The group was ordered to fly to the Grimsby–Lincoln area. Rökker was not successful and stated that he believed <mask> to be the only successful pilot of the group that night. On 15/16 March 1945 Bomber Command sent a force of 267 aircraft (134 Lancaster and 122 Halifax bombers plus 11 Mosquitos) of 4, 6 and 8 Groups to bomb Hagen. Six Lancaster and four Halifax bombers were lost. This area attack took place in clear visibility and caused severe damage.The main attack fell in the centre and eastern districts. Another 257 Lancasters and eight Mosquitos of 1 and 8 Groups attacked the refinery at Misburg, on the outskirts of Hannover. Four Lancasters were lost. Ten aircraft—seven four-engine bombers, a B-25 Mitchell, a Mosquito and a Lancaster were claimed shot down by German night fighter pilots this night. Rökker claimed two heavy bombers, the B-25 and Mosquito. Wilhelm Johnen scored his 34th victory against a Lancaster. <mask> claimed the other five between 20:49 and 21:20.The locations for each claim are not recorded. <mask> had claimed his 54th to 58th, and last victories, of the war. <mask> remained in command of I./NJG 2 until the end of the war. On 15 April 1945, <mask> was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves () as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the I./NJG 2, the 833rd officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht so honored. He was taken prisoner when the German forces surrendered on 8/9 May 1945. He joined the German Air Force as a reservist and died on 11 January 1977. Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
Foreman, Parry and Matthews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 58 nocturnal victory claims.Matthews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing <mask> with 59 aerial victories. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 05 Ost KH-57". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size. Awards
 Iron Cross (1939)
 2nd Class (3 April 1942)
 1st Class  (13 March 1943)
 Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 6 September 1943 as Oberleutnant and pilot
 German Cross in Gold on 28 January 1944 as Oberleutnant in the II./Nachtjagdgeschwader 3
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 Knight's Cross on 24 June 1944 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 1./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2
  833rd Oak Leaves on 15 April 1945 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2

Promotions

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

1920 births
1977 deaths
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with

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<mask> (born 27 February 1953) is a Scottish journalist, television presenter and author. He was a main presenter on BBC Two's flagship political analysis programme, Newsnight, from January 2003 until January 2014, and presenter of BBC News at Five on the BBC News Channel. Since 2014 he has served as the Chancellor of the University of Kent. On 11 March 2017, <mask> confirmed via his Twitter profile that he would be leaving the BBC at the end of the month to concentrate on his writing activities. He returned to the BBC later that year as host of Talking Books. He stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for Change UK in London at the 2019 European Parliament election. Early life
<mask> was born in Glasgow on 27 February 1953, the first son born to a manager of a building company.During his first weeks, he suffered from a condition that made him unable to digest milk and his parents feared for his life. He had an operation at just three weeks old. His family lived in Clydebank before they moved to Edinburgh, where he began his education at Duddingston Primary School before gaining a scholarship to George Heriot's School at the age of seven. His Scottish childhood had a profound and long-lasting effect on him. His parents moved to Northern Ireland but he remained in Edinburgh. <mask> was the first in his family to go to university, graduating at the University of Kent with a BA in English and American literature in 1974. Alongside his studies he also wrote for Incant, the university newspaper.He then gained an MA in Anglo-Irish literature with distinction from the University of Leeds. Journalism career
<mask> began working as a journalist in 1976, aged 23, as a junior reporter with the Belfast Telegraph. He joined the BBC in 1977 as Northern Ireland reporter, working under Bernard Cornwell, and extended his role after joining Newsnight in 1982. <mask> was appointed Washington correspondent in 1989 and then, a year later, became the BBC's chief North America correspondent. Based in Washington, <mask>'s responsibilities now extended to shaping the corporation's coverage across the whole of North America, which included reporting on both the earlier George H. W. Bush and Clinton administrations. <mask> has also reported for news and documentary programmes across Europe, Russia, China and North and South America. <mask> combined reporting with presenting from the mid-1980s on BBC One's regional news programme for London and the South East of England – Newsroom South East.He worked as an anchor on the BBC News channel (at the time known as "BBC News 24") from its outset in 1997 and co-presented its prime-time slot with Sian Williams for several years. In January 2003, he joined Newsnight, replacing Jeremy Vine, who had left to take over from Sir Jimmy Young on Radio 2. During his career <mask> has interviewed heads of state and government including Bill Clinton, Jacques Chirac and King Abdullah II of Jordan. He has also interviewed a wide range of cultural figures, including Dolly Parton, Doris Lessing, Penélope Cruz, Angelina Jolie, V. S. Naipaul, Roger Waters, Vikram Seth and Seamus Heaney. <mask> left Newsnight in January 2014, and was replaced by Laura Kuenssberg. In 2005, <mask> interviewed George Galloway on Newsnight about the London bombings. The BBC was reported to have received hundreds of complaints about his interview alleging his questioning was "rude and aggressive".Peter Barron, editor of Newsnight, defended the questioning of Galloway's tactics:

In 2007 a BBC Trust publication investigating impartiality in the organisation criticised an unnamed BBC news presenter for writing an article in the Daily Mirror newspaper entitled "Why the World Needs Hillary", stating they had been "unwise" for doing so. The article appeared to endorse Hillary Clinton to be the next US President and it soon emerged that the news presenter in question was <mask>. The BBC report noted that "the apparent endorsement of one presidential candidate in elections in a country which, in his words, 'now seems seriously off
course' could make it hard for that presenter to conduct American political interviews". Until 2017, <mask> was the main presenter of Dateline London on BBC News and BBC World News most Sunday mornings at 11 am. Between 2008 and 2017, he also presented the BBC News at Five on the BBC News channel on Fridays and when Huw Edwards was away. <mask> has also hosted BBC Radio 4 factual series Four Corners along with fellow Scottish broadcaster Anne MacKenzie. He had a regular slot on Saturdays and Sundays, working across BBC World, BBC News and BBC One, and co-presented the regular Film Review with Mark Kermode.On 11 March 2017, <mask> confirmed via his Twitter profile that he would be leaving the BBC to concentrate on his writing activities. The Film Review was presented by other presenters although he continued to present Dateline London. He returned on 31 March 2017 to present his final BBC News at Five and Film Review. He returned to the BBC later that year as host of Talking Books. Literary career
<mask> is the author of five novels and four non-fiction books. The novel A Scandalous Man was described by fellow author Bernard Cornwell as "a compelling book, its political sophistication made luminous with wisdom, sympathy and story telling". His fifth novel, Powerplay, was published by HarperCollins in August 2009.<mask>'s first non-fiction book, The United States of Anger published in October 1997 by Penguin, explores America's discontent with itself and was described by the New Statesman as "a vivid portrait of America in the 1990s". <mask>'s 2019 book Brexit Without the Bullshit discusses some of the potential consequences of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union. For several years he also wrote regular columns for The Scotsman, The Independent and other publications..

<mask>'s most recent book, How Britain Ends - English Nationalism and the Re-birth of Four Nations, was published in February 2021 and in which <mask> claims a resurgent English nationalism is pulling the United Kingdom apart. Political career
In August 2018, <mask> spoke at a People's Vote rally in Edinburgh. People's Vote is a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union. On 23 April 2019, he was announced as a candidate for Change UK in London in the May 2019 European Parliament election. The party announced its intention to stop Brexit and pursue a second referendum on membership of the EU.It gained 3.4% of the vote nationally and failed to win any seats. In London the party achieved 5.3% of the vote, but this was only just over half of the number required for <mask> as lead candidate to win the 8th and last seat under the d'Hondt system of proportional representation used in the election. In an interview with the Huffington Post, published on 6 May 2019, <mask> stated that, "I want to stop Brexit. Fix Britain. And then I want to reform the things that are wrong with the EU". He added, that he thought Nigel Farage was "affable" and a "good communicator", but whilst he was "more honest on that than many other politicians who support Brexit", his approach was reminiscent of Nazism; "The word 'betrayal' was used in Germany from 1919 onwards and throughout the 1920s with terrible results". <mask> has criticised the way the BBC and other TV and radio news has handled balance.He states that the present mode of balance involves "if you have a Tory on you get a Labour Party person", but says that "that's not what politics is like anymore". He criticises giving equal balance to "someone who really knows what they are talking about" and "someone who is essentially the village idiot". In August 2021 it was announced that <mask> would be a competitor on BBC's Celebrity MasterChef. He left the competition during a quater-final "after serving up an ‘incomplete’ dessert compared to ‘soup’." Personal life
<mask> has been married to rock violinist Anna Phoebe, his second wife, since 2012. They have two children. He was first married in July 1979, to teacher Patricia Warner, and they had two children together.The couple's separation was reported in 2008 and a divorce granted in 2010. <mask>'s hobbies include camping, hiking and skiing. He is a fan of progressive rock, citing King Crimson, Jethro Tull, Colosseum and Pink Floyd as favourite bands, and presented Prog magazine's Progressive Music Awards for three consecutive years between September 2012 and 2014. Awards and honours
<mask>'s report on the military build-up in the Aleutian Islands as part of the Reagan administration's New Maritime Strategy earned him a Royal Television Society award. In 2007 he won a Sony Gold Award for his radio documentary report Letters from Guantanamo on Sami al-Hajj, one of the detainees in Guantanamo Bay. Following the broadcast, al-Hajj was released from American custody. <mask> has received two honorary degrees from the University of Kent: an honorary MA was awarded in 1995, followed by an honorary Doctorate in Civil Law in 2005.He was installed as the sixth Chancellor of the university in July 2014. Bibliography
<mask> has written the following books:

Non-fiction

How Britain Ends - English Nationalism and the Re-birth of Four Nations. Head of Zeus. 2021. Fiction

References

External links
<mask> BBC Newsnight
<mask>'s Personal Website

1953 births
Alumni of the University of Kent
Alumni of the University of Leeds
BBC newsreaders and journalists
BBC World News
Chancellors of the University of Kent
Living people
People educated at George Heriot's School
Mass media people from Glasgow
Scottish people of Irish descent
Change UK politicians

masks:
Gavin William James Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Esler
Gavin Esler
Gavin Esler


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<mask> (January 15, 1919 – October 10, 1982) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps who was decorated with the Silver Star for his actions as the commanding Officer of a battalion in the Battle of Iwo Jima. At age 24, <mask> was one of the youngest officers in Marine Corps history to be assigned command of a Combat Infantry Battalion. After World War II he was a successful businessman. Early years
<mask> was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, to Ellis W<mask> and Mildred F. (née Burgess) <mask>. <mask> was a newspaperman before World War II. He was the editor of the Springfield, Massachusetts, "Republican." During the war he was a colonel in the Army of the United States (A.U.S.)and served as deputy chief, Review Branch, Bureau of Public Relations in the War Department and subsequently was deputy assistant chief of staff in the Tenth Army on Okinawa. After the war he was an editor of Sales Management Magazine. <mask> was a graduate of the Milton School, Rye, New York, (1932) and Rye High School (1936). He was the winner of the Lord Jeffery Amherst Scholarship for New York, which paid for four years tuition at Amherst College. <mask> was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree (cum laude) from Amherst (1940) with majors in biology, chemistry and political science. He was president of the Amherst chapter of Delta Upsilon fraternity. Marine Corps service

Military education
On November 12, 1940, <mask> enlisted in the U.S Marine Corps Reserve as a private.He graduated from Officer Candidates Class, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant on February 20, 1941. On May 29, 1941, he graduated from the Reserve Officer's Class, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico. In April 1944, <mask> attended Transport Quartermaster School in Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, where he received training in commercial and combat ship loading and dock management. Military training assignments
Immediately following graduation from the Reserve Officer's Class, <mask> was assigned as a staff officer and instructor at the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico. He instructed and supervised instruction in basic military training and tactics at Officer Candidates Class for approximately  years. He commanded training companies of 150 officer candidates during his last year of duty at Marine Corps Schools. During his assignment <mask> taught basic military tactics and techniques to classes of 50 to 200 officer candidates.Staff and command assignments in the field
In July 1943, <mask> was detached as a captain from Marine Corps Schools and assigned to the 4th Marine Division, commanded by Major General (later General) Harry Schmidt, being formed at Camp Pendleton, California. <mask> performed several staff and command roles in 2nd Battalion, 23rd Marines, and served with this unit throughout combat operations against Roi-Namur in the Battle of Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands (January 31 – February 3, 1944). <mask> was promoted to major and assigned as Plans and Training Officer of the 2nd Battalion, 23rd Marines, and participated in the training phase prior to and during initial combat operations at the Battle of Saipan in the Marianas Islands (June 15 – July, 1944). On the fifth day of Saipan operations, <mask> was appointed battalion executive officer for the remainder of the Saipan battle and served in this capacity during the Battle of Tinian (July 24 – August 1, 1944). In October 1944, at the age of 25 and as a major, <mask> assumed permanent command of 2nd Battalion, 23rd Marines. He continued in this capacity until the end of the war. As the battalion commander, <mask> was responsible for training, supply, discipline and welfare of a unit of approximately 1,000 men in garrison.As a Landing Force commander, <mask> was responsible for embarking his command abroad 6 naval attack transports. On February 19, 1945, <mask> commanded one of seven battalion landing teams in the initial assault at the Battle of Iwo Jima. <mask>'s command was composed of an infantry battalion plus attachments totaling approximately 1,800 men. He continued as battalion commander throughout the Iwo Jima operation. In October and November, 1945, <mask> returned with and deactivated the 2nd Battalion, 23rd Marines, at Camp Pendleton. On November 10, 1945, after 60 months of active military services, <mask> was assigned to terminal leave and returned to his home of record in Washington D.C.

Marine Corps career appraisal
According to July 30, 1944, edition of The Sunday Star, "Candidate for "ironman" of the outfit is Maj. <mask><mask> of 1825 Nineteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. In charge of troop deployment during the first days on Saipan when furious Jap resistance was met, the 25-year-old major went 84 hours without sleep, eating only cans  of C rations, spooned out to him while he telephoned.Nerve center of a specialized landing team, he kept its scattered parts united into one hard-hitting, ever-advancing fighting force. If any one man was indispensable in those days when victory hung in the balance, Maj. <mask> was." In a letter to the Commandant of the Marine Corps dated August 26, 1945, Colonel L.B. Cresswell CO of the 23rd Marine Regiment notes:

1. "Forwarded. It is regretted that this officer does not desire to transfer to the regular Marine Corps since he is considered preeminently qualified by experience, mentality and temperament for a career in the military service. I consider him to be one of the outstanding officers in the Marine Corps and believe him to be capable at present, of performing the duties of any rank up to and including Lieutenant Colonel.2. Major <mask>'s experience has been unusually extensive for an officer of his rank and age, including the command of a battalion for a period of ten (10) months and a battalion landing team through all phases of the IWO JIMA campaign. His performance of duty both in combat and in training has been exemplary. 3. Should this officer ever in the future apply for transfer to the regular Marine Corps or for active duty as a reserve officer, it is strongly recommended that such application be approved." Colonel T. A. Holdahl USMC, CO Marine Garrison Forces in a letter to Colonel E. W<mask>, A.U.S. dated September 20, 1945 wrote:

"I am sorry that your son is not staying in the service.His is considered to be the outstanding battalion commander in his division. His late regimental commander, Colonel L.B. Cresswell, spoke of him to me in the highest terms on his way through here. As you probably know, his division is coming home as a unit." Volunteer Reserve
<mask> was not recalled to active duty during the Korean War. However, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on January 1, 1951, in the Marine Corps Reserve. Subsequently, he was promoted to colonel on March 1, 1958, and transferred to the Retired List.Summary of Marine Corps career

Dates of rank

Decorations, medals and awards
<mask> was awarded the following:

Business career
In 1976, <mask> retired as president and chief operating officer of PVO International of Boonton, New Jersey, and San Francisco, California; soybean processors and marketers. He was previously an executive of the General Foods Corporation, administrative vice president of the Economics Laboratory and was president of Fanny Farmer Candy Shops and Anderson-Clayton Foods Inc. Personal
On August 30, 1947, in New York, New York, <mask> married Anne Breeding <mask> (July 22, 1918 – September 30, 2010), a native of Boston, Massachusetts, and daughter of Edwin Charles Breeding and Flora (née MacLean) Breeding. <mask> and <mask> have one daughter, Anne Stowell "Missy" <mask> (February 24, 1949 – ) of Florham Park, New Jersey. <mask> died suddenly on October 10, 1982, of a coronary occlusion in Charlotte Hungerford Hospital in Torrington, Connecticut. He was interred in East Cemetery in Litchfield, Connecticut. On September 30, 2010, <mask> died at home in Litchfield and following a funeral service in the First Congregational Church; United Church of Christ was also interred in East Cemetery.References

1919 births
1982 deaths
Amherst College alumni
United States Marine Corps colonels
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
4th Marine Division (United States)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Battle of Iwo Jima

masks:
Robert Harold Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
. Davidson
Davidson
Ellis Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Robert H
. Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
. Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Robert
Anne Davidson
Davidson
Robert Davidson
Anne Davidson


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<mask> (September 8, 1927 – March 3, 2002) was an American songwriter, principally in country music. In a career spanning six decades, <mask> wrote many popular and enduring songs, recorded by a variety of different artists. Career
<mask> was born on September 8, 1927, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up on a farm in Michigan. As a child, he listened to the Grand Ole Opry radio show. In later years, <mask> recalled the personal formative influence of country music:

I was captured by the songs as much as the singer. They grabbed my heart. The reality of country music moved me.Even when I was a kid, I liked the sad songs… songs that talked about true life. I recognized this music as a simple plea. It beckoned me. <mask> completed only nine years of formal education, though he was an avid reader. When he was 12 years of age, he began writing songs, "an enthusiasm fueled by an appetite for books and an ear for a telling phrase." After serving as a paratrooper with the United States Army, he went to Los Angeles, California, hoping to sell his music. <mask> did manual labor while writing songs and pushing his finished material.Eventually, he sold some of his compositions and, after a few minor successes, his song, "Pick Me Up on Your Way Down", recorded by Charlie Walker, went to No. 2 on the country music charts in late 1958. A year later Ray Price had a major country hit with "Heartaches By The Number". Simultaneously, a pop version of the song performed by Guy Mitchell went to No. 1 on the pop chart. Buoyed by these two major hits, <mask> moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1960. Bringing along a large portfolio of compositions, he signed a contract with Acuff-Rose Music.<mask>'s songs were so immediately successful that, in 1961 alone, he had fifteen of his compositions on the country music charts, earning him ten BMI awards. Among his biggest hits was "I Fall to Pieces", co-written with Hank Cochran and recorded by Patsy Cline. Cline and Candi Staton recorded his "He Called Me Baby", which was later a No. 1 C&W hit for Charlie Rich as "She Called Me Baby". Though not often thought of as a writer of rhythm and blues songs, <mask> wrote Joe Simon's No. 1 R&B chart hit "The Chokin' Kind", a million-selling record in 1969. <mask> also wrote the classic Kingston Trio song "Everglades", and the song "Busted", originally a hit for both Ray Charles and Johnny Cash and later a hit for John Conlee who used the song to create awareness for Feed the Children.The song "The Wall" also became a hit for Johnny Cash on his studio album Orange Blossom Special, as well as his Live at Folsom Prison album. <mask> coined the oft-quoted phrase defining a great country song as Three Chords and the Truth. <mask> was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1973, the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1997, and the Songwriters Hall of Fame also in 1997. He died in Nashville in 2002, at the age of 74, and was buried in Nashville City Cemetery. Discography
1961: <mask> Sings <mask>
1965: All Time Favorite Country Songwriter
1967: Mr. Songwriter
1967: Down to Earth
1971: To the Silent Majority with Love
1981: Singer and Songwriter

Song list
Songs written or co-written by <mask>. See also
"Streets of Baltimore"
Waylon Sings Ol' <mask> Owens Sings <mask>

References

External links
Songwriters Hall of Fame
<mask> at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum

1927 births
2002 deaths
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee
Singer-songwriters from California
American country singer-songwriters
Country Music Hall of Fame inductees
Monument Records artists
Writers from Los Angeles
People from Nashville, Tennessee
Burials in Tennessee
20th-century American musicians
Singers from Detroit
20th-century American singers
Country musicians from California
Country musicians from Tennessee
Country musicians from Michigan
20th-century American male musicians
United States Army soldiers
American male singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Michigan

masks:
Harlan Perry Howard
Howard
Harlan Perry Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Harlan Howard
Harlan Howard
Harlan Howard
Harlan Buck
Harlan Howard
Howard


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<mask> ( ; born 8 December 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Adanaspor of the TFF First League, the second tier of Turkish football. After coming up through the youth system of Wycombe Wanderers, for whom he made his debut in the Football League as a 15-year-old, <mask> joined Liverpool in 2012. He spent time on loan at Championship clubs Birmingham City in the 2013–14 season and Derby County in 2014–15. In 2016, he signed for Premier League club AFC Bournemouth for a then club record £15 million fee, and was released in 2020. He spent the 2020–21 season with Derby County, but played little, and joined Adanaspor in January 2022. He has represented England from under-18 to under-21 level. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born in Bermondsey, in the London Borough of Southwark, and attended Sacred Heart Catholic School, Camberwell.He signed for the Wycombe Wanderers youth team in 2007 at the age of 12, following his release from the Charlton Athletic youth team. <mask> came up through the youth system at Wycombe, and made his first-team debut on 9 August 2011 in the League Cup victory against Colchester United at Adams Park, coming on as an extra-time substitute aged 15 years and 244 days. On 15 October, at the age of 15 years and 311 days, he came on in the 90th minute of the victory against Hartlepool United and became Wycombe's youngest-ever Football League player. He made his first senior start against Sheffield Wednesday 14 days later and scored in the 2–1 loss, becoming the youngest Wycombe goalscorer in the Football League. In all, <mask> made 11 appearances and scored once for Wanderers. Liverpool
On 20 December 2011, Premier League club Liverpool signed the 16-year-old <mask> for an undisclosed fee. He initially joined up with the club's under-18 squad.<mask> was called up to the bench for the Premier League game at Southampton on 16 March 2013; he remained unused. Two months later, <mask> made his Premier League debut in the final game of the season, starting the match and assisting Philippe Coutinho for the only goal of the match against Queens Park Rangers. He was substituted in the 63rd minute by Fabio Borini after putting on a positive display. For the 2013–14 season, <mask> was allocated the number 33 shirt vacated by Jonjo Shelvey. He made his first start of the season on 27 August, playing 120 minutes as Liverpool beat Notts County 4–2 after extra time in the League Cup second round. On 8 February 2014, he made his second Premier League appearance, as a 76th-minute substitute in a 5–1 home win over Arsenal. On 21 February 2014, he was loaned to Championship club Birmingham City until the end of the season.He made 11 appearances, scored the opening goal from  in a 3–2 win at Millwall, and was involved in Paul Caddis's stoppage-time goal on the last day of the season that caused a 2–2 draw at Bolton Wanderers and saved Birmingham from relegation to League One. On 29 August 2014, <mask> joined Derby County on a season-long loan. After scoring 5 goals in 24 appearances for Derby, he was recalled by Liverpool on 15 January 2015. On 7 February, he made his first Premier League start of the season in a goalless Merseyside derby against Everton, in which he struck a shot which hit the inside of the post, and was named man of the match. Three days later, he started in Liverpool's 3–2 league victory over Tottenham Hotspur and was involved in the build-up to their third and game-winning goal. <mask> won a late penalty, converted by Mario Balotelli to secure a 1–0 victory over Beşiktaş in the Europa League at Anfield. On 13 April, he made his comeback from an injury in a 2–0 win over Newcastle United and played for about an hour.On 21 May 2015, <mask> signed a long-term contract with Liverpool, reported to be a five-year deal. On 5 November 2015, <mask> scored his first Liverpool goal, in a 1–0 away win over Rubin Kazan in the Europa League group stage. After replacing the injured Philippe Coutinho in the 18th minute, he scored the only goal in the 37th, as Liverpool defeated Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium in the first leg of the League Cup semi-final on 5 January 2016. <mask> scored his first Premier League goal on the final day of the season in a 1–1 draw at West Bromwich Albion. AFC Bournemouth
On 14 July 2016, <mask> joined AFC Bournemouth on a four-year contract for a club record £15 million fee. A buy-back and sell-on clause was reported to have been included in the agreement. In the first three months of his first season, <mask> was a regular in the starting eleven, but according to manager Eddie Howe he lacked consistency and was dropped to the bench.He returned to the starting lineup as one of 11 changes in the team for an FA Cup tie with Millwall; they lost 3–0. Howe said afterwards that <mask> "hasn't been a regular in the team and that will be a disappointment for him and for us. I still feel there's a lot of potential in there, but obviously he's got to fulfil that when he gets chances like today." He finished the season with 26 appearances, including 13 league starts, and failed to score. <mask> scored his first goal for Bournemouth on 14 January 2018 in a 2–1 victory against Arsenal. <mask> was released by Bournemouth when his contract expired on 30 June 2020. Return to Derby County
On 22 September 2020, <mask> returned to Derby County, where he signed on a two-year contract.He made only one first-team appearance, and spoke in January about his suffering from depression. His contract with Derby County was cancelled by mutual consent at the end of the season. Adanaspor
In January 2022, <mask> signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Adanaspor of the TFF First League, the second tier of Turkish football. International career
On 24 October 2012, <mask> made his national team debut at under-18 level, playing 69 minutes in a 2–0 win against Italy. On 5 September 2013, he made his England under-19 debut in a 6–1 win against Estonia. <mask> scored a hat-trick in a 6–0 win against Montenegro U19 during elite qualification for the 2014 European championships. At the beginning of the 2014–15 season, <mask> made his first appearance for the England under-20 side, playing 90 minutes in a 6–0 win against Romania.In August 2015, he received his first call-up to the under-21 squad. Ibe is eligible for Nigeria through his father. The Nigeria Football Federation confirmed in February 2015 that they were monitoring Ibe and would attempt to get him to switch his international allegiance. In August, Nigeria manager Sunday Oliseh made a personal appeal to Ibe in an attempt to convince him to switch allegiance, but a few weeks later, he confirmed that his international future lay with England. Style of play
Former Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers has described Ibe as "a really talented player with a bright footballing brain" who has the versatility to play as a winger on either flank, as a playmaker or as a striker. Steve McClaren, who managed Ibe during his loan at Derby County, saw Ibe as an exciting player "like the old jinky wingers we used to get in the game". Andy Hunter of The Guardian described Ibe as an "individual of impressive pace, power and control", who produces threatening performances and stands out because of his good temperament, intelligence, creativity and directness.Personal life
In December 2019, <mask> was charged with failing to stop after an accident and careless driving after his Bentley Bentayga ran into a coffee shop in Bromley on 30 July 2019. In January 2021, <mask> revealed that he was suffering with depression, describing himself as being in a "dark place". Career statistics

References

1995 births
Living people
Footballers from Bermondsey
English footballers
England youth international footballers
England under-21 international footballers
Association football midfielders
Association football wingers
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Derby County F.C.players
AFC Bournemouth players
Adanaspor footballers
English Football League players
Premier League players
Black British sportspeople
English people of Nigerian descent
People educated at Sacred Heart Catholic School, Camberwell
English expatriate footballers
English expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in Turkey

masks:
Jordon Ashley Femi Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe
Ibe


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<mask> (born 12 October 1979) is an English rugby union coach who played lock for Bath and Saracens. At International level, he represented the senior England rugby union team between 2001 and 2010 and captained them between 2008 and 2010. He was appointed the England forwards coach in December 2015; a role which he left in mid 2020 to become head coach of Leicester Tigers. Club career
Born in Carlisle, Cumbria, <mask> was captain of the Hutton Grammar School rugby team, with whom he went on a tour to Australia. Bath: 1998-2008
<mask> joined Bath in 1998 from Preston Grasshoppers, making his debut against Saracens in December 1998. During this time, he was balancing rugby commitments with study, and graduated from the University of Bath in 2003 with a degree in Economics with Politics. Borthwick had, arguably, his best season for Bath in 2003–04.A central figure in the absence of many senior players due to the 2003 Rugby World Cup, he set about making his mark on the Zurich Premiership. Bath made the League Final that season, losing to London Wasps. He was one of the three nominees for the Zurich Premiership Player of the Year award. In his final game with the club, <mask> captained Bath to victory in the 2007–08 European Challenge Cup. In January 2008, <mask> announced that he would be leaving Bath at the end of the 2007–08 season for Saracens F.C. Saracens: 2008-2014
Following his switch to Saracens, <mask> was named co-captain for the 2008–09 season alongside Andy Farrell. In the 2009–10 season he was named as the captain for Saracens F.C.Injury prevented him from playing for much of the season but he returned for the Guinness Premiership final but not as captain, as Saracens were defeated by the Leicester Tigers. However the following season he started as Saracens won their first Premiership title. On 28 November 2013, <mask> announced he would be retiring at the end of the 2013-2014 season. International career
He first emerged during England's tour of South Africa in 2000. Despite his presence in the line-out, he was not considered heavy enough for international rugby, but later bulked out. A regular choice as the England A team captain, from his debut against Wales A at Wrexham in February 2001, he had already played on the full tour of South Africa the previous summer. Injury prevented him from being considered for the next trip the following year to Argentina.<mask> made his debut for England against France in the 2001 Six Nations. He came on as a blood replacement for Ben Kay in the 25–14 win over Australia in Melbourne in June 2003, his sixth cap. A member of England's wider 2003 World Cup squad, he narrowly missed selection to the final 30. He regained his place in the England squad after the 2003 World Cup and despite England's disappointing results, <mask> was given credit for his solid play. <mask> initially failed to make England's squad for the 2005 Autumn internationals, with Gloucester forward Alex Brown seemingly poised for a start instead, but injury ruled Brown out of contention and <mask> stepped in, playing a significant role against Australia, New Zealand and Samoa. <mask> was selected as a member of the England 2007 Rugby World Cup squad. He played in three Group matches, starting against Tonga.He did not participate in the knockout games. Captaincy
On Sunday 10 February 2008 <mask> was named captain for England's 2008 Six Nations match against Italy in Rome, and on 13 May 2008 he was chosen to captain the full England squad on their 2008 summer tour of New Zealand. And in October 2008 he was named as Martin Johnson's first England Captain for the 2008 Autumn Internationals. Borthwick came under a lot of criticism after England's disappointing 2008 Autumn Internationals in which they suffered heavy defeats to New Zealand and South Africa. However Martin Johnson kept faith in him. In the 2009 Six Nations, Borthwick came under more criticism as England's discipline cost them victories against Ireland and Wales. However, after performing much better against France and Scotland in the last two weeks of the tournament, Borthwick's critics seemed to leave him alone.In January 2010, <mask> was confirmed as England captain for the 2010 Six Nations. After England's 15–15 draw Against Scotland in the 2010 Six Nations, <mask> aggravated an ongoing knee injury and sought medical advice. This meant he was unavailable for selection against France so Tom Palmer was bought in as cover and Lewis Moody was given the captaincy in <mask>'s absence. Due to injury, <mask> was not a member of the 2010 England rugby union tour of Australasia. Post Captaincy
On 1 July 2010, <mask> was dropped from the Elite Player Squad by Martin Johnson. Coaching career
<mask> trained as a coach, taking his initial position in-club from 2012 whilst playing with Saracens, and also attending the University of Hertfordshire. From 2012 he was forwards coach alongside Eddie Jones for  up to and including the 2015 Rugby World Cup, after which he was confirmed as forwards coach for Bristol Rugby under former Bath colleague Andy Robinson.On 15 December 2015 He was confirmed as England Forwards coach. In October 2019, it was reported by BBC Sport that <mask>'s next role would be with Leicester Tigers following the 2019 Rugby World Cup. It was later confirmed he would join the club as head coach for the 2020–21 Premiership Rugby season. References

External links
Saracens profile
Bath profile
Premiership profile
England profile
<mask> photo 1 by sportingheroes. net
<mask> photo 2 by sportingheroes. net

1979 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Bath
Alumni of the University of Hertfordshire
Bath Rugby players
England international rugby union players
English people of Scottish descent
English rugby union coaches
English rugby union players
Lancashire County RFU players
Leicester Tigers coaches
People educated at Hutton Grammar School
Rugby union locks
Rugby union players from Carlisle, Cumbria
Saracens F.C. players
Team Bath rugby union players

masks:
Stephen William Borthwick
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Steve Borthwick
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