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<mask>Moshe Yosef<mask> (; 27 September 1930 – 25 October 2013) was a Canadian businessman and member of the <mask> family. He is best known for his leadership of the Olympia & York real estate development company. Formative years
<mask> was born in Vienna in 1930 to <mask>, a poultry farmer, and his wife Renée. His parents were Orthodox Jews from a small town in Hungary, but his father had risen to prominence in Vienna as a successful merchant. <mask> was the fifth of six children. The family escaped the Nazi occupation of Austria unintentionally. They had left the country on the day of Anschluss to visit Samuel's father in Hungary who had suffered a stroke.Abandoning their lives in Vienna, they made their way from Hungary to the neutral Moroccan city of Tangier
 In Tangier, the family prospered as Samuel became a major currency trader. After the war <mask> left home to study Judaism first in Britain and then in Israel, and his parents hoped that he would become a teacher. In 1955 he married Lea Feldman. Rising success
In 1956, <mask> followed his family to Canada, where three of his brothers — Edward, Louis and Ralph — had established the Olympia Floor & Wall Tile Co, and his eldest brother, Albert, had launched York Factory Developments. <mask> fell into propertyafter building a new warehouse for the Toronto tile company. He got the warehouse built for $70,000, selling a year later for a $34,000 profit. He co-founded Olympia & York with his brothers Albert and Ralph in 1958.Soon the company was building such facilities for others. In 1964, Olympia and York was founded as a separate building and property development firm. The firm was soon profitable, and expanded rapidly. It also accepted difficult projects, including the construction of First Canadian Place, Canada's tallest building, built in 1975. The company expanded to New York City and by the mid-1980s it was the largest developer in the world, and
Forbes magazine ranked them the fourth richest family in the world in 1991, worth $12.8bn. Despite his success, <mask> lived relatively modestly, described as living in a comfortable home in Toronto, and driving an old Cadillac. He remained very private and unwilling to talk to the press.He retained his strong religious views, and used much of his fortune to support his religion. In Toronto he built a number of schools and synagogues which became the centre of a thriving Orthodox community. Shunning most luxuries, his one personal indulgence was collecting rare and valuable Jewish texts. Pursuant to Jewish law, all of Olympia and York's construction projects halted on the Jewish Sabbath and all holy days. Troubles
The company ran into severe trouble in the early 1990s. It was due in part to a general decline in the world economy, but the company was truly brought low by the Canary Wharf project. It was the world's largest property development, but remained half empty.<mask> had taken the project as a major gamble. He had been impressed by Margaret Thatcher's reforms and obtained a personal promise from her that she would help the project, most importantly by extending the London Underground to reach it. In Canada, Reichmann's once sterling reputation also began to suffer. In 1985 the company had bought Gulf Canada Resources in a deal that included some $300 million in tax breaks. Many Canadians were infuriated that a massive corporation had been given such a lucrative deal. Toronto Life magazine also published a highly critical article on the Reichmanns. The family took offence at allegations that <mask> had aided the Nazis with illegal smuggling operations during the Second World War.The family sued the magazine for an unprecedented $102 million. They were successful, and Toronto Life published a full retraction. In 1992, as Olympia and York collapsed under some $20 billion in debt,  <mask> lost most of his family fortune. Recovery and retirement
Despite these setbacks, <mask> successfully rebuilt a small portion of his empire. This included setting up a partnership with George Soros, Lawrence Tisch and Michael Price. Along with investors such as Al-Waleed bin Talal, a consortium paid $1.2 billion for a controlling stake in Canary Wharf, from a third party in charge of the property's administration. <mask> was hired as chairman.As Sandy Weill stated, <mask> was hired because, he "...really came up with that whole concept and built it, and got overleveraged and lost it...he knew where every screw was, where every nail was, he knew and loved the operation better than anyone else..."  Canary Wharf went public in 1999. During 2004, a takeover battle began for the Canary Wharf Group in which <mask> eventually sided with Canadian developer Brascan to attempt a purchase of the company. During this process, he resigned his position on the Board. In March 2005, a consortium of investors led by Morgan Stanley under the banner of Songbird Estates purchased Canary Wharf Group, and <mask> was therefore no longer involved with Canary Wharf on a day-to-day basis. <mask>, at the time 75, announced that he intended to retire from business and sold many of his property holdings. Return to business activity

In September 2006, <mask> announced that he was bored with retirement and that he would be setting up a new $4 billion fund, based in Toronto, with offices in Great Britain and the Netherlands. Death
<mask> died at the age of 83 in Toronto on 25 October 2013.His funeral took place Saturday night, 26 October 2013, at the Bais Yaakov Elementary School (15 Saranac Boulevard), in Toronto. He was buried in Jerusalem, in Har Hamenuchot cemetery. See also
 Canadians of Hungarian ancestry

References and notes

<mask>
1930 births
2013 deaths
Businesspeople from Montreal
Canadian chief executives
Canadian construction businesspeople
Canadian Orthodox Jews
Canadian real estate businesspeople
Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss
Jewish Canadian philanthropists
People from Tangier
20th-century philanthropists

masks:
Paul (
) Reichmann
Reichmann
Reichmann
Samuel Reichmann
Paul
Paul
Reichmann
Reichmann
Paul Reichmann
Reichmann
Samuel Reichmann
Reichmann
Reichmann
Reichmann
Reichmann
Reichmann
Reichmann
Reichmann
Reichmann
Paul Reichmann
Paul


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<mask> (c. 1788 – 1846 or later) was a Cornishman who moved to London to seek his fortune. Having amassed sufficient wealth, he settled in Kingston-upon-Thames, where he operated several malthouses. After the arrival of the London and Southampton Railway, soon renamed London and South Western Railway, a little way to the south of Kingston, he conceived the idea of building a new town adjacent to the railway. He built houses for relatively wealthy people who worked in London, but wished to live in the more salubrious air of the countryside. Pooley was thus one of the early developers of the concept of commuting. His project established the nucleus of what became the modern town of Surbiton, but opposition from competing interests forced him into bankruptcy and he disappeared from history in his late 50s. Before Kingston

It is clear from surviving records that <mask> and his wife Jane came originally from Cornwall.However, <mask> was not sure when he was born, stating in 1844 that he was "54, 56 or 58, I cannot say which". Some time in the early 19th century the Pooleys moved to London. They settled in Old Street in Finsbury and <mask> earned sufficient to allow him to amass considerable wealth. Life in Kingston

By 1838 the Pooleys were living in the more pleasant surroundings of Kingston-upon-Thames, also known at that time as Kingston-on-Thames. <mask> ran three malthouses and his son Alexander ran another. In addition to his malting operations, <mask> owned three cargo vessels, the Agnes, the Elizabeth and the Mahon Castle. Despite his success in business, Pooley was seen by the business community of Kingston as being of the lower orders and not quite respectable.However, Alexander married into a local family. His wife Jane was the daughter of William Wadbrook, also a successful maltster, who came from a line of Kingston watermen. The coming of the railway

The builders of the London and Southampton Railway had hoped to take the line north of Surbiton Hill and put a station somewhere to the south of Kingston. However, the men who ran Kingston saw the railway as a threat to the town's coaching and inn-keeping trades and refused to allow the line to pass through their territory. It therefore proved necessary for a cutting to be dug through Surbiton Hill. A station was built in the cutting, close to the Ewell road. In theory, this station served Kingston, but it was a long way from the town.Christopher Terry was a gentleman farmer noted for being a good employer. He owned Maple Farm, just south of the hamlet of Surbiton, and he died there at the age of 93 in 1838, just as the railway was being built nearby. In his will he directed that his estate be sold and the proceeds divided between the beneficiaries. When the land was auctioned, there was little interest. However, <mask> realized the potential of this land and bought a large part of it for the modest sum of £10,500. He planned to build a new town, which would be called New Kingston or Kingston-(up)on-Railway, and hoped to attract people who wanted rapid access to London. Within weeks, a London consortium offered Pooley £120,000 for the land, but he refused the quick profit, because he was keen to see his project through.The new town

The scheme moved ahead rapidly, because Pooley took personal control of it and he threw himself into it with enthusiasm. He drew up plans and engaged an architect, engineers, builders and labourers. He supervised the project closely, moving about the area to ensure that all was progressing well. By the 1841 census <mask> and Jane were living in a new house in Claremont Crescent, now The Crescent, and Alexander, who appears to have given up other employment to assist his father, had moved into a house in Victoria Terrace, now a row of shops in Victoria Road close to the station. The original station, approached by way of a steep descent into the cutting, soon proved to be wholly inadequate. So in 1839 Pooley gave land for a new station to be built on the present site, which is adjacent to an important road junction. In August 1840, and again in October, The Times praised Pooley's enterprise in creating this remarkable development.Wide streets and a crescent were lined with handsome houses. Downfall and disappearance
The newspaper's enthusiasm was not, however, matched by the business community of Kingston, which was becoming apprehensive about Pooley's success. When he proposed the building of a corn market near the station, leading businessmen put forward a proposal to build one in Kingston and persuaded the Council to block Pooley's scheme. In the end neither scheme was realized. This was but one episode in a campaign to bring Pooley down. There is no evidence that anything illegal was done, but there seems to have been a concerted effort to get rid of this 'upstart'. Pooley had needed to borrow heavily to finance the project and this was his Achilles' heel.In January 1842 Coutts Bank refused to lend him any more and creditors closed in on him. Unpaid seamen were after his blood. It appears that Pooley's own solicitors had been part of the plot to bring him down, warning Coutts of the growing antagonism of the Kingston establishment. Things became increasingly difficult for Pooley. After building work had been suspended because of lack of funds, partly completed houses were vandalized. This seems to have been an attempt by unidentified parties to reduce the value of his assets and hasten his capitulation. Coutts refused Pooley's offer to hand over his holdings in exchange for a life annuity of £1,000.Eventually, in June 1842 Pooley was forced to hand over his holdings in the new town to his creditors' trustees. Apparently there was a gentlemen's agreement to pay him £5 a week. He fled to Boulogne and lived in poverty. This was not the end of Pooley's misery. His £5 a week allowance was withdrawn and Alexander, his son, was taken dangerously ill. In January 1844 <mask> returned to England, landing at Greenwich and staying in Surrey, where there was no writ against him. Attempts were made to persuade Pooley to sign away his claims on the new town.There were violent altercations in a solicitor's office and at one point <mask> was about to be taken to prison. Despite his illness, Alexander was arrested for one of his father's debts. Eventually, <mask> was plied with drink and prevailed upon to sign. The next day Pooley changed his mind. He filed complaints in the Chancery Court and these were still unsettled two years later, when a new tragedy struck. In 1846 Jane, Alexander's wife, died at 28, leaving three small children. In 1846 Pooley disappears from history, his court cases unsettled.No record of his death has been found, so it is possible that he died abroad. Note: The above version of events is largely in line with the story as recounted by Sampson. Statham's later book gives a more detailed account with a somewhat different chronology. However, the overall shape of the story is essentially the same. Aftermath

Alexander Pooley continued the legal battles, without success, until the early 1850s, when he, too, disappears from history. It seems that his son, <mask>, returned to the world of brewing. The new town soon came to be known as Surbiton.This name had previously referred principally to the hamlet of Kingston parish spread out along what is now Surbiton Road. Streets and buildings were renamed to remove any reference to the Pooleys and their relatives. There is now a residential block in Surbiton called Thomas Pooley Court, but the real monument to the vision of this man is the group of elegant streets just north of the station, where some of his handsome houses survive. Gallery

Sources

These include:

 June Sampson: All Change; Kingston, Surbiton & New Malden in the 19th century. (News Origin, Kingston, 1985, revd 1991). Richard Statham: Surbiton Past. (Phillimore, Chichester, 1996).Shaan Butters: The Book of Kingston. (Baron Birch, 1995). References and notes

People from Cornwall
Real estate and property developers
History of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames

masks:
Thomas Pooley
Thomas Pooley
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas Pooley
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas Alexander


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<mask> (born September 20, 1954) is an American businessman, engineer, and philanthropist. He is the co-founder of Broadcom Corporation, owner of the National Hockey League's Anaheim Ducks, and a prominent philanthropist in the Orange County, California community. He serves as chairman of the Board of Broadcom Inc. He is also a Professor (on leave of absence) in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at UCLA, and a Distinguished Adjunct Professor in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at UC Irvine. He holds honorary doctorate degrees from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and the National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan. He is a named inventor in 75 U.S. patents. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS).He was also elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 2003 for pioneering contributions to academic research and technology entrepreneurship in the broadband communications system-on-a-chip industry. In 2012 Samueli won the Marconi Prize and Fellowship for "pioneering advances in the development and commercialization of analog and mixed signal circuits for modern communication systems, in particular the cable modem. Net worth
As of February 2021, Forbes estimates <mask>'s net worth at $6.3 billion. Personal life
<mask> resides with his wife Susan in Newport Beach, California. Education
<mask>'s parents, Sala and Aron, were Polish-Jewish immigrants who survived the German Nazi occupation of Europe and arrived in the United States with almost nothing. Samueli stocked shelves in his family's Los Angeles liquor store and graduated from Bancroft Junior High School and Fairfax High School. Samueli became interested in electronics while building an AM/FM radio during a shop class at Bancroft.Samueli attended UCLA, where he received his bachelor's degree (1975), master's degree (1976), and Ph.D (1980), all in the field of electrical engineering. His Ph.D. advisor was Alan N. Willson Jr. and his Ph.D. dissertation is entitled "Nonperiodic forced overflow oscillations in digital filters." Broadcom origins
In 1991, while still working as a professor at UCLA, <mask> co-founded Broadcom Corporation with one of his Ph.D. students, <mask>. Each invested $5,000 and initially worked out of Nicholas' Redondo Beach home. They rented their first office in 1992 in Westwood, Los Angeles near the UCLA campus and moved to Irvine, CA in 1995 at which time <mask> took a leave of absence from UCLA to be at Broadcom full-time. Broadcom went public three years after that. <mask> still remains on leave from UCLA and he continues to be listed on the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department faculty roster.Anaheim Ducks ownership
In 2003, the Samuelis purchased the management contract for the Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim sports and entertainment venue, creating Anaheim Arena Management, LLC, to oversee all operations of the arena, and in 2005 they purchased the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim National Hockey League (NHL) club, the arena's largest tenant, from the Walt Disney Company for $75 million. In 2006, the Samuelis announced the team's name change to the Anaheim Ducks and the arena's name change to Honda Center. In 2007 the Anaheim Ducks became the first California team ever to win the Stanley Cup championship. As of December 2016, <mask> serves on the executive committee of the NHL Board of Governors. In 2015 the Samuelis acquired ownership of the Ducks' American Hockey League affiliate, the Norfolk Admirals. They subsequently moved the franchise to San Diego as part of the AHL's western expansion that year and the team was re-branded as the fourth incarnation of the San Diego Gulls. In 2017 Forbes reported the Anaheim Ducks were worth $415 million.Philanthropy

After Broadcom went public in 1998 the Samueli Foundation was created. The foundation focuses its giving in the areas of education, health, youth services, and Jewish culture and values. In 2012 the Samuelis joined the Giving Pledge, initiated by Warren Buffett and Bill and Melinda Gates, whose members pledge the majority of their wealth to philanthropy. Given <mask>i's background in engineering and education, some of their earliest philanthropic gifts were in these areas. In 1999 the Samuelis made major donations to the UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Science and the UC Irvine School of Engineering, both of which have since been named after him. In 2009 <mask> was a founding director of the Broadcom Foundation, a 501c(3) corporate nonprofit, and he is the chair of this philanthropy that advances science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). Broadcom Foundation sponsors the Broadcom MASTERS (Math, Applied Science, Technology and Engineering for Rising Stars) and the Broadcom MASTERS International, programs of Society for Science and the Public that inspire middle school students to continue math and science courses into high school in order to create pathways to STEM careers.Samueli was inspired by his own seventh grade experience of building a short wave radio from a Heathkit for innovation that he funded the Marconi/Samueli Award for Innovation with his Marconi Award. <mask> and Susan Samueli also sponsor the top prize, the $25,000 Samueli Foundation Prize in the Broadcom MASTERS. A major passion of Susan Samueli is in the areas of complementary and alternative medicine and integrative health and wellness. In 2001 the Samuelis established the Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine at UC Irvine. They have also supported the research of the John Wayne Cancer Institute in Santa Monica, California, in cancer prevention and treatment. In 2017, the Samuelis made a transformational $200 million gift to UC Irvine to create the Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, a first-of-its-kind College of Health Sciences focused on interdisciplinary integrative health. As part of the gift, the existing Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine was elevated to become the Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute.Some of the other major naming gifts of the Samueli Foundation include the Samueli Theater at the Orange County Performing Arts Center in 2000, the Samueli Jewish Campus in Irvine, CA in 2001, the Sala and Aron Samueli Holocaust Memorial Library at Chapman University in 2003, the Samueli Academy, a public Charter High School in Santa Ana, CA for community, underserved, and foster teens in 2013. In 2015, <mask> received a prize from the Israeli government for his global contribution to innovation and his contribution to innovation in Israel, at the "Innovex" conference for innovation in technology. <mask> was named a 2017 Fellow by the National Academy of Inventors. Election to NAI Fellow status is the highest professional accolade bestowed to academic inventors. To date, the Samuelis have committed over $500 million to philanthropic causes. In June 2019, UCLA announced a $100-million gift from Samueli and his wife, Susan. The gift will be used to expand the engineering school.Broadcom stock options & financial crimes investigation
During the technology boom in the 2000s, <mask> and Broadcom co-founder <mask>. Nicholas III awarded millions of stock options to attract and reward employees. Prosecutors alleged <mask> and Nicholas granted options to others, including some other top executives, but not themselves, to avoid having to report $2.2 billion in compensation costs to shareholders. In 2006 both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice began investigating Broadcom Corporation for backdating of stock options. On May 15, 2008, <mask> resigned as chairman of the board and took a leave of absence as Chief Technology Officer after being named in a civil complaint by the SEC. On June 23, 2008, Samueli pleaded guilty for lying to SEC for $2.2 billion of backdating. Under the plea bargain, Samueli agreed to a sentence of five years probation, a $250,000 criminal fine, and a $12 million payment to the US Treasury. Prosecutors focused on the fact that Samueli denied under oath any role in making options grants to high-ranking executives.As part of his plea agreement, <mask> admitted the statement was false, and admitting to being part of the options-granting process. However, an internal Broadcom probe laid the majority of blame on CEO <mask> and CFO William Ruehle. On September 8, 2008, U.S. District Court Judge Cormac Carney rejected the plea deal that called for Samueli to receive probation, writing: "The court cannot accept a plea agreement that gives the impression that justice is for sale". 16 months later, on December 10, 2009, Judge Carney, after hearing the testimony of all the witnesses at the trial of CFO William Ruehle, dismissed the case against <mask> (as well as Ruehle and Nicholas), citing <mask>'s testimony as well as prosecutorial misconduct. In his ruling Judge Carney stated "The uncontroverted evidence at trial established that Dr. Samueli was a brilliant engineer and a man of incredible integrity. There was no evidence at trial to suggest that Dr. Samueli did anything wrong, let alone criminal. Yet, the government embarked on a campaign of intimidation and other misconduct to embarrass him and bring him down."He further added in his ruling "Needless to say, the government’s treatment of Dr. Samueli was shameful and contrary to American values of decency and justice." The judge ordered Dr. <mask>'s plea agreement to be "expunged" from his record and stated "Dr. Samueli now has a clean slate." Awards and Honors
2003, National Academy of Engineering
2004, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2006, Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
2018, U.S. News STEM Leadership Hall of Fame
2018, National Academy of Inventors
2020, Ellis Island Medal of Honor
2021, IEEE Founders Medal

References

External links
<mask> biography at the UCLA Department of Electrical Engineering
<mask> biography at the Samueli Foundation
The Samueli Foundation

1954 births
American billionaires
American communications businesspeople
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Anaheim Ducks executives
Giving Pledgers
21st-century philanthropists
Jewish American sportspeople
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
National Hockey League executives
National Hockey League owners
Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York
Stanley Cup champions
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
American chief technology officers
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Newport Beach, California
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Henry Samueli
Samueli
Samueli
Samueli
Samueli
Henry Nicholas
Samueli
Samueli
Samueli
Henry Samuel
Henry Samueli
Henry
Samueli
Samueli
Samueli
Henry T
Samueli
Samueli
Samueli
Henry Nicholas
Samueli
Samueli
Samueli
Henry Samueli
Henry Samueli


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<mask> (born July 17, 1944) is an American theatrical producer, talent manager and press agent who has represented several stage productions, produced Grammy-winning record albums and managed singers including Anita O'Day, Hadda Brooks, Nellie Lutcher, Ruth Brown, Johnnie Ray and Yma Sumac. He is a cousin of California architect <mask> and nephew of writer <mask> and advertising executive/novelist <mask>. Early life and career
Born in Elmhurst, Queens, New York, United States, Eichler began his career in the mailroom as an apprentice to publicist Lee Solters in 1963, and worked his way up to account executive at Solters' firm Solters, O'Rourke and Sabinson. Following admission to the Association of Theatrical Press Agents and Managers union in 1969, he worked as publicist on productions of Hello, Dolly!, George M! and Hair. He also promoted several major off-Broadway hits including Paul Zindel's Pulitzer Prize-winning The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, the Elaine May-Terrence McNally double-bill "Adaptation/Next" with James Coco, Harold Pinter's The Tea Party and The Basement, the long-running rock musical Your Own Thing, Andre Gregory's experimental adaptation of Alice in Wonderland, and Tom Stoppard's The Real Inspector Hound. Eichler also represented several noteworthy "flops" during this period including Shelley Winters' only attempt at playwrighting, One Night Stands of a Noisy Passenger with Robert De Niro, Sally Kirkland and Diane Ladd; Tina Howe's The Nest with Jill Clayburgh; Leland Hayward's last production The Mother Lover with Eileen Heckart; and Larry Kramer's Four Friends with Brad Davis.Later theatrical work and productions
In 1970, he began a long association with playwright Tom Eyen, starting with The Dirtiest Show in Town and continuing with the prison comedy Women Behind Bars (which Eichler also co-produced), The Neon Woman starring Divine, Why Hanna's Skirt Won't Stay Down with Helen Hanft, The White Whore and the Bit Player, and the Tony Award-winning musical Dreamgirls. He also worked with actor-director-playwright Charles Ludlam and helped establish Ludlam's Ridiculous Theatrical Company as one of the major forces of New York's avant-garde theatre, with such cult hits as Camille (performed by Ludlam in drag), Bluebeard, Stage Blood, Hot Ice, and the cabaret play The Ventriloquist's Wife. In 1974, he became co-producer with Geraldine Fitzgerald of her one-woman musical show Streetsongs, which had three separate extended theatrical runs over the next several years both on and off-Broadway, a TV version on PBS and an original cast record album. He also represented Fitzgerald for all of her other ventures for the rest of her stage and film career. He helped steer the course of an unusual 1975 rock opera entitled The Lieutenant, based on the My Lai Massacre, which began as a small workshop production at the Queens Theatre in the Park, before traveling to Broadway. It only managed to run for nine performances, but was nominated for four Tony Awards including Best Musical and Best Actor in a Musical (Eddie Mekka). He promoted the 1976 Jerry Rubin self-help book Growing Up at Thirty-Seven.In 1978, he was associate producer of the Broadway musical Timbuktu!, an African-American adaptation of the Chet Forrest-Robert Wright musical Kismet, starring Eartha Kitt, Melba Moore and Gilbert Price. He also toured with the show for two years as press agent and continued to have a long association with Kitt. He next publicized the Broadway production of Martin Sherman's play Bent with Richard Gere. In 1980, he began a year-long tour as press agent with the first national company of The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas starring Alexis Smith, following which he settled in Los Angeles. He arranged the first AIDS benefit for APLA Health in 1983, which was a midnight performance of Women Behind Bars at the Roxy Theatre (West Hollywood). In 1994, he produced an original musical, Swanson on Sunset, about the attempts of Gloria Swanson to create a musical version of her film hit Sunset Boulevard, with writer Dickson Hughes and actor Richard Stapley. It played an extended engagement at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel Cinegrill.Music and management
Eichler shifted his focus to music and helped establish several jazz clubs and cabarets including the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel's Cinegrill, the Oak Room at Perino's, the Westwood Marquis and the Vine St. Bar and Grill, where he also helped produce a series of live albums featuring Nina Simone, Joe Williams, Marlena Shaw, Etta James, Maxine Sullivan, Annie Ross, and LaVern Baker. In 1986, he produced all-star benefit shows at the Vine Street Bar and Grill that raised money to obtain a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Billie Holiday. He helped restore the careers of Anita O'Day (who he managed for 25 years), Yma Sumac (who he managed for more than 20 years and launched on a new international career), Ruth Brown (who won a Tony, a Grammy Award and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame), Johnnie Ray, Helen Forrest, Ella Mae Morse, Thelma Carpenter (including her Broadway run in Hello, Dolly! and her movie debut in The Wiz), Monica Lewis, Roberta Sherwood, Maxine Sullivan, Jimmy Scott, Dolly Dawn, and Maxene Andrews of the Andrews Sisters (who he launched on a successful solo career in 1979). He brought Hadda Brooks out of a 16-year retirement, and signed her to DRG Records and Virgin Records. In 1983, Eichler created original cabaret acts for veteran film stars Vivian Blaine and Virginia O'Brien. Also in 1983, he launched Mamie Van Doren on a new career as a disco recording star.He helped Knots Landing co-star Larry Riley launch a singing career in 1988, and produced the actor's tribute-show to Louis Jordan, Let the Good Times Roll. Eichler promoted the 50th anniversary concert by client Patti Page at Carnegie Hall in 1997 and arranged the release of the live recording, which earned Page her first Grammy. He co-produced Ruth Brown's Grammy Award-winning album Blues on Broadway. He helped O'Day recover from a long illness in 1999, and arranged for her comeback concert at New York's Avery Fisher Hall. Eichler was instrumental in arranging LaVern Baker's return to the US after a 20-year absence, and obtained two new album deals for her with Rhino Records and DRG Records. He also promoted comeback concerts for Joni James, at New York's Town Hall, Avery Fisher Hall and Carnegie Hall, as well as the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Theatre in Los Angeles and the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, where she was backed by the Count Basie Orchestra. He created and produced the show Voices—Hollywood's Secret Singing Stars, featuring four vocalists (Annette Warren, India Adams, Betty Wand and Jo Ann Greer).He managed jazz singer Jane Harvey and in 2010 produced a five-CD retrospective collection of recordings from her six-decade career, including unreleased titles she had recorded with Duke Ellington, Les Paul and Les Elgart. Current activity
In 2020, he co-produced a stage revival of Women Behind Bars at the Ricardo Montalban Theatre in Hollywood, which was also filmed and streamed on Broadway HD. He is currently executive producer of a documentary film, Boulevard!, about Gloria Swanson's failed attempt to turn Sunset Boulevard into a musical. He has also compiled and annotated several CDs for Fresh Sound Records, Sepia Records, Real Gone Music, and Jasmine Records, by such artists as Sophie Tucker, Patti Page, Jill Corey, Peggy King, Roberta Sherwood, Louis Prima, Lily Ann Carol, Ketty Lester, Joanie Sommers, Lola Dee, De Castro Sisters, Margie Rayburn, Betty Johnson, Ann Miller, June Richmond, Janette Davis, and Judy Canova. References

External links

Yma-sumac.com

1944 births
Living people
People from Elmhurst, Queens
American theatre managers and producers

masks:
Alan Eichler
Joseph Eichler
Lillian Eichler Watson
Alfred Eichler


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<mask> (born June 18, 1989) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Tampa Bay Rays, San Francisco Giants, Texas Rangers, Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Phillies and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. Born in Fort Walton Beach, Florida, <mask>'s family moved to Okinawa when he was seven and Edgewood, New Mexico in 2000. Although he had committed to play college baseball with the University of New Mexico, <mask> chose to sign a professional contract with the Rays after they selected him in the 2007 MLB draft. He set multiple strikeout records for the Rays' farm system before making his major league debut in 2011. <mask> spent two full seasons with the Rays before Tommy John surgery caused him to miss the 2014 season. He returned in 2015, and was traded to the Giants the following year.<mask> struggled with run control in his second season with the Giants, leading the National League in earned runs allowed, and was traded to the Rangers in the 2018 offseason. His earned run average (ERA) stayed high with the Rangers, and he was sent to the bullpen to focus on his technique. In 2019, the Tigers signed <mask> to a one-year contract, hoping for a rebound season, but he played only two games before suffering a season-ending knee injury. <mask> spent one year with the Japan Series-winning Hawks before returning to the US in 2021 to play with the Phillies. Early life
<mask> was born on June 18, 1989, in Fort Walton Beach, Florida. When he was seven years old, his family moved to Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan, where his father was working on helicopters for the Air Force Special Operations Command. In 2000, <mask> and his family moved to Edgewood, New Mexico, where his older brother Bobby was set to begin high school.Both brothers attended Moriarty High School and would practice pitching at home, on a mound in their backyard. <mask> experienced a growth spurt between his sophomore and junior year of high school, which caught the attention of college recruiters and professional scouts. During his senior season, he helped take the Moriarty Pintos to a state runner-up title and was named Gatorade Player of the Year. <mask> had committed to play college baseball at the University of New Mexico, his brother's alma mater, before he was taken by the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball (MLB) in the eighth round of the 2007 MLB Draft. Professional career

Minor leagues
After being drafted 245th overall, <mask> signed a $115,000 contract with the Rays in 2007. He debuted that year with the Rookie Princeton Rays at the age of 18. In his first minor league season, he had a 0–0 win–loss record, a 2.66 earned run average (ERA), and 29 strikeouts in 8 games and  innings with the Rays.In 2008, he posted a 2–2 record, 1.66 ERA, and 77 strikeouts in  innings. At the end of his first full season in 2008, <mask> was named a Baseball America Rookie All-Star. In 2009, <mask> was assigned to the Class A Bowling Green Hot Rods for their inaugural season. He was selected to start the first game in Hot Rods history. On June 8, 2009, <mask> was named the South Atlantic League Pitcher of the Week after throwing seven shutout innings in a 10–2 win over the Asheville Tourists. He went 8–5 for the season with a 3.15 ERA in 26 starts, and led the league with 176 strikeouts in 123 innings. The following year, <mask> had a standout season with the Class A-Advanced Charlotte Stone Crabs.His 208 strikeouts in  innings were the most in the Florida State League since Michael Cosgrove in 1971. Issues with pitch control, however, led to a 3.36 ERA and a 1.18 walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP). Mitch Lukevics, the Rays' director of minor-league operations, told FoxSports.com that, in both 2009 and 2010, <mask> was "off to a bad start, and the technique [was] not where it need[ed] to be", but he found his stride over the course of the season. <mask> started the 2011 season with the Double-A Montgomery Biscuits. On June 16, he pitched his first career no-hitter, and the first franchise no-hitter for the Biscuits, in an 8–0 victory against the Mobile BayBears. That July, he pitched an inning at the XM Futures Game, retiring all three batters he faced in 11 pitches that reached up to . Shortly afterwards, on July 22, he was promoted to the Triple-A Durham Bulls.He went 12–3 for the season, with a 1.92 ERA in 155 innings across 27 starts. <mask>'s 210 strikeouts were the most of any minor league player in Rays history, breaking his own record from the previous season, and made him the first minor league pitcher to record 200 or more strikeouts in back-to-back seasons. Tampa Bay Rays

<mask> was called up to the Rays on September 11, 2011, and made his MLB debut three days later, giving up a two-run home run to <mask> in the eighth inning of a 6–2 loss against the Baltimore Orioles. His performance recovered in time for his first major league start on September 22, becoming the first pitcher in MLB history to pitch 11 strikeouts in five innings or fewer against the New York Yankees. The Rays went on to win 15–8. <mask> was given the start in Game 1 of the 2011 American League Division Series (ALDS) against the Texas Rangers, pitching seven shutout innings in a 9–0 victory for the Rays. <mask> finished his first major league season with a 1–0 record and a 2.89 ERA in  innings.On December 9, 2011, the Rays signed <mask> to a guaranteed five-year, $14 million contract. His signing was part of a trend within the Rays organization of offering long-term contracts to young pitchers, but his contract was the largest ever in both guaranteed dollars and potential earnings for any pitcher with less than two years of service time. <mask> began with the Rays in 2012 as part of a five-player starting rotation that also included James Shields, David Price, Jeremy Hellickson, and Jeff Niemann. On June 15, <mask> combined with relievers Burke Badenhop and Brandon Gomes to pitch a one-hit shutout against the Miami Marlins, winning 11–0 and breaking a three-game losing streak. The Rays gave away a bobblehead figure of <mask> on their July 22 game against the Seattle Mariners after the pitcher went 5–1 with a 3.94 ERA in eight starts in June and July. <mask> finished the season with an 11–11 record, a 3.81 ERA, and 175 strikeouts in 31 appearances and  innings. Returning to the Rays in 2013, <mask> became the first left-handed American League (AL) pitcher to begin a season with an 8–0 record at age 23 or younger since Babe Ruth in 1917.After a strong beginning to the season, <mask> began to falter, going 0–3 with a 13.86 ERA in his next three starts. He recovered in time to be named to his first ever MLB All-Star Game as a replacement for Yu Darvish, who suffered a strained trapezius. At the time, <mask> was tied with Max Scherzer for the most wins in the AL with 13. He pitched for the AL in the fifth inning of the All-Star Game, striking out Carlos González, Yadier Molina, and Troy Tulowitzki in only nine pitches. <mask> left a July 28 game against the New York Yankees in the fifth inning with a sore left elbow, and was placed on the 15-day disabled list on July 31. He posted a 17–4 record and a 3.29 ERA that season in 27 appearances and  innings. Elbow troubles followed <mask> into 2014.He exited the mound in the middle of an April 7 game against the Kansas City Royals, and realized after an afternoon throwing session that he could no longer pitch. <mask> underwent Tommy John surgery on April 22, 2014 to replace a partially torn ulnar collateral ligament, and was sidelined for the remainder of the season. In the 10 innings that he did pitch that season, <mask> was 0–2 and allowed three runs. <mask> began the 2015 season on the 60-day disabled list while recovering from surgery. He began pitching in June, making a series of minor-league rehab assignments for Durham. On June 28, 2015, rookie <mask> was optioned to Durham, presumably to make room in the rotation for <mask>. He returned to the Rays on July 2, 2015, giving up six hits and four runs in  innings against the Cleveland Indians.He struggled in his first six starts, posting an 8.78 ERA and never pitching past the fifth inning, and was optioned to Durham to focus on improvement. There, <mask> recorded a 3.57 ERA in  innings. On August 23, he struck out 16 Columbus Clippers batters, setting a franchise single-game record. He was called back up to the Rays on September 2, and finished the season with a 3–4 record and a 5.43 ERA in 12 starts and 63 innings. Going into the 2016 MLB season, <mask> was given the start for the Rays' exhibition game against the Cuban national team. The Rays won 4–1 in the first visit by an MLB team to Cuba since 1999, and Barack Obama, who was in attendance, was given one of <mask>'s gloves. He seemed to return to pre-surgery form in the early part of the season, striking out 27.1 percent of the batters he faced in April.His curveball, in particular, resulted in only five hits in 105 pitches. In 21 starts and 130 innings with the Rays in 2016, <mask> was 7–7 with a 4.08 ERA. San Francisco Giants

On August 1, 2016, the Rays traded <mask> to the San Francisco Giants in exchange for third baseman <mask> and prospects Lucius Fox and Michael Santos. After reports emerged that <mask> would be wearing  55 with the Giants, a number that had previously belonged to pitcher Tim Lincecum, <mask> and the team had to quiet upset fans by saying that he would carry over his No. 45 from the Rays. <mask> debuted with the club on August 4, giving up two runs and six walks in six innings. The Giants won 3–2 against the Philadelphia Phillies in the 10th inning.That same month, on August 26, <mask> came within one out of a no-hitter against the Los Angeles Dodgers, throwing seven strikeouts in  innings. Dodgers shortstop Corey Seager hit a single in the bottom of the ninth inning, and reliever Santiago Casilla came in to pitch the final out of the Giants' 4–0 win. It would have been the fifth season in a row that a member of the Giants' pitching rotation threw a no-hitter. In the postseason, <mask> pitched eight innings in Game 4 of the 2016 National League Division Series (NLDS). Giants manager Bruce Bochy pulled <mask> before the final inning, and the Chicago Cubs overcame a 5–2 deficit to win the game and the series. <mask> finished 2016 with a cumulative 13–12 record, 4.08 ERA, and 178 strikeouts in  innings. The 2017 season proved to be the worst of <mask>'s career.He went 6–15 with a career high 5.52 ERA in  innings and 31 starts, gave up 27 home runs, and led the National League in earned runs allowed with 107. In addition to having the worst ERA among MLB pitchers with at least 162 innings, left-handed batters hit a .373 batting average against him, the highest in the league, and his allowance of 80 extra-base hits was the second-highest in the NL. <mask> attributed some of his troubles to an over-reliance on his cut fastball, which he threw more that season than his other pitches. Texas Rangers
On December 15, 2017, the Giants traded <mask> to the Texas Rangers in exchange for pitching prospects Sam Wolff and Israel Cruz. After feeling discomfort in his knee during spring training, <mask> was placed on the 10-day disabled list on May 19, 2018. At the time, he was 1–5 with a 7.99 ERA in 10 games with the Rangers. He continued to struggle upon his return, carrying a 7.88 ERA by mid-June, and was moved to the bullpen to focus on improving his pitching technique.Prospect Yohander Mendez took <mask>'s place in the Rangers' starting rotation. He finished the season with a 3–8 record, a 6.79 ERA, and 86 strikeouts in 39 games and 102 innings with the Rangers. <mask>'s contract lapsed at the end of the 2018 season, leaving him a free agent. Detroit Tigers
On December 4, 2018, the Detroit Tigers signed <mask> to a one-year, $2.5 million contract in anticipation that he would follow Mike Fiers as a low-risk pitcher heading into a rebound season. On April 6, 2019, however, in only his second start of the season, <mask> exited the mound three innings into a game against the Kansas City Royals, having sprained his right knee while attempting to field a bunt from Royals batter Billy Hamilton. He underwent meniscus surgery on April 14, and three days later, Tigers manager Ron Gardenhire announced that <mask> would miss the rest of the MLB season. Prior to his injury, <mask> pitched ten shutout innings for the Tigers.Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks
On December 26, 2019, <mask> signed a one-year,  () contract with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), who were looking to rebuild their pitching rotation after losing Ariel Miranda and Robert Suárez. He was part of a six-man rotation for the Hawks, who won the Pacific League by 14 games. <mask> pitched seven shutout innings, including five strikeouts, in Game 3 of the 2020 Japan Series, and the Hawks came within one out of a combined no-hitter in their 4–0 victory over the Yomiuri Giants. He finished the season with a 2.65 ERA in 15 starts with the Hawks. Because professional baseball returned to play in Japan earlier than in the US, <mask> was able to pitch 85 innings in 2020, one more than MLB season leader Lance Lynn. Philadelphia Phillies
On February 3, 2021, <mask> signed a one-year, $3 million contract with the Phillies. He was the first left-handed starting pitcher to begin a season with the Phillies since Cole Hamels in 2015.In his first three starts with the Phillies, <mask> pitched to a 9.82 ERA, with nine walks in only 11 innings. His poor performance, coupled with time spent on the COVID-19 protocol list, led to his removal from the starting rotation and replacement with veteran Phillies pitcher Vince Velasquez. Back spasms caused <mask> to miss over a month of pitching, from May 20 to June 25, at which point he was reactivated to start the second game of a doubleheader against the Mets. On July 16, in the first game of a doubleheader against the Miami Marlins, <mask> struck out nine batters in  innings; it was the first time that he had fanned that many since 2017, in a game against the Washington Nationals. Despite struggles in recent starts, Phillies manager Joe Girardi gave <mask> a start against the Cincinnati Reds on August 11. <mask> no-hit the reds through 6 innings, throwing only 76 pitches while walking 2, but was removed in the 7th. The combined no-hit bid ended in the 8th when Archie Bradley gave up a solo homerun to Tyler Stephenson.<mask> would however earn the win as the Phillies won the game 6–1. <mask> finished the 2021 season with a 2–4 record and a 6.29 ERA. Pitcher profile
Early in his career, sports journalists predicted that <mask> would become the Rays' ace because of his strong pitch repertoire and velocity. Baseball America and Keith Law of ESPN both ranked <mask> second among all 2012 prospects, behind Bryce Harper, while MLB.com placed him in the third slot, behind Harper and Mike Trout. After returning from Tommy John surgery, however, <mask> struggled with his pitch velocity and control, giving up large numbers of earned runs as he threw balls at hittable speeds and strike zone locations. His time in the NPB showed an improved performance, and Phillies manager Joe Girardi was keen to sign <mask> in the hopes that he would add depth to the back end of the Phillies' starting rotation, serving as a player who has "pitched in tough situations" and could contend with aces Aaron Nola and Zack Wheeler. <mask> utilizes a four-pitch repertoire consisting of a  four-seam fastball, an  changeup, an  curveball, and an  cut fastball.He and Mets pitcher Dellin Betances are known for having a unique grip on their four-seam fastball, in which they tuck their thumb under the ball, which some sports journalists and fellow pitchers believe negatively impacts their pitch control. <mask>'s most consistent flaw has been his walk total; in 2013, his best season statistically, he walked 76 batters in 150 innings. Personal life
In the offseason, <mask> lives with his wife Anna, a labor and delivery nurse, and their son Luke in Scottsdale, Arizona. Luke was born in February 2019 in Tampa. <mask> is Catholic. He has a tattoo on his left shoulder of Saint Michael, his sponsor saint at his Confirmation. References

External links

1989 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from Florida
Baseball players from New Mexico
Charlotte Stone Crabs players
Catholics from Florida
Catholics from New Mexico
Detroit Tigers players
Durham Bulls players
Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Montgomery Biscuits players
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
People from Fort Walton Beach, Florida
People from Edgewood, New Mexico
Philadelphia Phillies players
Princeton Devil Rays players
San Francisco Giants players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Texas Rangers players

masks:
Matthew Cody Moore
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<mask> (; December 6, 1586 – May 21, 1670) was an Italian Jesuit, astronomer, and physicist. As an astronomer he may have been the first to see the belts on the planet Jupiter (on May 17, 1630), and reported spots on Mars in 1640. His "Optica philosophia experimentis et ratione a fundamentis constituta", published in 1652–56, described his 1616 experiments using a curved mirror instead of a lens as a telescope objective, which may be the earliest known description of a reflecting telescope. In his book he also demonstrated that phosphors generate rather than store light. He also published two other works on mechanics and machines. Biography
<mask> was fourth of eight children born into the noble family of <mask> and Francoise Giande Marie. Three of his sisters became nuns, three of his brothers became Jesuits, and one brother became a secular priest.The Jesuit order
<mask> studied rhetoric in Piacenza and philosophy and theology in Parma. He finished his studies at the age of sixteen and entered the Jesuit order in Padua on October 28, 1602, in which he remained for the rest of his life. <mask> taught mathematics, rhetorics and theology as a professor at the Collegio Romano, and then was appointed as rector of a new Jesuit college in Ravenna by Cardinal Alessandro Orsini. He later served as the apostolic preacher, a post often referred to as “preacher to the pope”, for about seven years. He received patronage from Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, to which <mask> dedicated his book Nova de machinis philosophia in 1642. He also dedicated his 1652 book Optica philosophia, to Archduke Leopold of Austria. Near the end of his life, he was an official of the Jesuit house in Rome.<mask> died in Rome on May 21, 1670. Scientist
<mask> <mask> published many books on science, including two works on the "philosophy of machines" (analyses of mechanics) in 1646 and 1649, and Optica philosophia in 1652. He also wrote an unpublished Optica statica, which has not survived. Some of the subjects <mask> wrote about were magnetism, barometers (denying the existence of the vacuum), and demonstrated that phosphors generate rather than store light. He also asserted that since Venus represented beauty, it was closer to the Sun than Mercury (which represented skill). Astronomer
In 1623, <mask> was a member of a Papal legate sent to the court of Ferdinand II. There he met Johannes Kepler, the German mathematician and astronomer.Kepler encouraged <mask>'s interest in astronomy. <mask> maintained correspondence with Kepler after returning to Rome. At one point when Kepler was in financial difficulties, <mask>, at the urging of the Jesuit scientist Father Paul Guldin, gave a telescope of his own design to Kepler, who mentioned the gift in his book “The Dream”. <mask> along with fellow Jesuit Daniello Bartoli may have been the first to see the belts on the planet Jupiter on May 17, 1630, and <mask> reported spots on Mars in 1640. The crater Zucchius on the Moon is named in <mask> <mask>'s honor. Bartoli wrote his Jesuit biography (1682). Books
 Nova de machinis philosophia, Rome, 1649.Digitized by e-rara
 Optica philosophia experimentis et ratione a fundamentis constituta (1652–56)

<mask> and the reflecting telescope
One of the things cited by <mask> in his 1652 book "Optica philosophia experimentis et ratione a fundamentis constituta" is his claim of exploring the idea of a reflecting telescope in 1616. <mask> described an experiment he did with a concave lens and a bronze parabolic mirror he found in a cabinet of curiosities. <mask> used the concave lens as an eyepiece, trying to observe the focused image produced by the mirror to see if it would work like a telescope. Although <mask> described the mirror as "ab experto et accuratissimo artifice elaboratum nactus" (fabricated by an experienced craftsman) he apparently did not get a satisfactory image with it, possibly due to the mirror not being accurate enough to focus an image, the angle it was tilted at, or the fact that his head partially obstructed the view. <mask> abandoned the idea. If <mask> <mask>'s claim of exploring the idea of a reflecting telescope in 1616 was true, then it would be the earliest known description of the idea of using a curved mirror as an image forming objective, predating Galileo Galilei and Giovanni Francesco Sagredo's discussions of the same idea in the 1620s. Claimed functionality
There are many descriptions of <mask> <mask> successfully using his early "reflecting telescope".The French author Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle's 1700 work History of the Academy of Sciences stated <mask> used it to observe "celestial and terrestrial objects". There are also modern claims that <mask> used a reflecting telescope to observe the belts of Jupiter and examine the spots on the planet Mars,

Such claims have been disputed. The 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopædia noted <mask>'s use of a tilted mirror "must have distorted and spoiled the image" and the 1858 Encyclopædia Britannica described Fontenelle's claim as "recklessly (ascribing) the invention"
Historian Al Van Helden notes in his The Galileo Project that the claims Zucchi used a reflecting telescope to observe Jupiter and Mars as "wildly improbable". Henry C. King in his work on The History of the Telescope noted that <mask> was using a refracting (Galilean) telescope in his astronomical work and a publication by the British Astronomical Association notes for some of his observations <mask> was using refracting telescopes manufactured by Eustachio Divini and Giuseppe Campani. See also
List of Jesuit scientists
List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
Zucchius (crater), lunar crater named after Niccolò <mask>

Notes

External links
 Molecular Expressions website <mask> (1586-1670)
 The Galileo Project — <mask>, Niccolo
<mask> in the Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University
 Nicolò <mask> (1652) Optica philosophia experimentis et ratione - digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library

1586 births
1670 deaths
17th-century Italian astronomers
17th-century Italian mathematicians
17th-century Italian physicists
17th-century Italian Jesuits
Italian scientific instrument makers
Jesuit scientists

masks:
Niccolò Zucchi
Niccolò Zucchi
Pierre Zucchi
Niccolò
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Zucchi
Niccolò
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Niccolò
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Niccolò
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Nicolas Zucchi
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Nicola Zucchi
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<mask> (14 December 186926 September 1946) was an American actress. A popular subject for a wide range of theatrical post-cards and studio photographs, she was noted for her height, voice, presence, graceful figure, attractive features, expressive eyes, and beautiful face. She married wealthy Australian grazier, Boer war veteran, and former aide-de-camp to New Zealand's Governor-General, James Bunbury Nott Osborne (1878-1934). Osborne was so enamoured of <mask> that he joined her theatrical company in late 1903 in order to press his suit. Engaged in May 1904, they married in October 1904, and had two children together (one of whom died as an infant). <mask> left the stage in 1906, and continued to live a quiet, very happy life, devoted to her family and her beautifully designed gardens, on their family property, "Bowylie", at Gundaroo, NSW, until her death, at age 76, from cancer. An audience favourite wherever she went, <mask>' performances over a decade in New York, London, Australia, and New Zealand met wide critical acclaim, especially in the role of Desdemona in Shakespeare's Othello and, in particular, for her creation of the role of Mercia in Wilson Barrett's masterpiece The Sign of the Cross.On viewing <mask>' performance (when just 20) as Almida in Claudian, one critic observed:

Early life and family
<mask> was born on 14 December 1869 at Willow Farm, near Lula in Coahoma County, Mississippi, to James Kenilworth <mask> (1845-), a cotton planter, and his wife Elizabeth Field <mask>, née Smith (1847-). She had three younger brothers: Henry (1872-), James K. jnr. (1875-), and Norman Weathers <mask> (1877-1959). Norman went with his sister to Australia and New Zealand, as part of her theatre company, in 1897,<ref>"Society — Sailed Away: For Sydney", The  San Francisco Call, (Sunday, 14 November 1897), p.24;[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14158669 Wilson Barrett's Arrival, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Monday, 6 December 1897), p.5].</ref> and remained with her company until she left the stage in 1906. Initially educated at home, and originally intending to become a teacher, from the age of 13 she attended the prestigious Miss Higbee's School for Young Ladies in Memphis, Tennessee. A change in her family's fortunes meant that a career as a teacher was no longer possible, and her family encouraged her to pursue an acting career. Theatrical career
From the age of 5, <mask> regularly entertained her family with recitations; and, once at Miss Higbee's School for Young Ladies, in addition to her elocutionary skills, she also began to display a great talent at music, and at singing.Apparently, when offstage, <mask> was a somewhat modest and shy person; and, except for (perhaps, only) two occasions throughout her career — in The Memphis Daily Appeal of 9 July 1888, and The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, of 19 December 1897 — she refused to be interviewed by the press. United States (1887-1890)
In October 1887, when <mask> was just seventeen, she performed in Lizzie Evans's new play, Our Angel, at the New Memphis Theatre. Leaving Memphis on 14 August 1888 for New York, she joined the Lizzie Evans company; however, within three weeks it was reported that "Miss <mask> has been compelled to give up her engagement with the Lizzie Evans company and has returned home for rest and quiet" — with a more detailed account emerging a week later:

In 1889 she went to New York and worked with Augustin Daly's company, playing small parts in pays such as "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "As You Like It". Whilst working with Daly's company, she attracted the attention of Wilson Barrett. England (1890-1892)

<mask> left the United States on the RMS City of Chester on 6 August 1890, and arrived at Liverpool on 16 August 1890. Her first appearance on the English stage was in a small part in a new play, The People's Idol, that Barrett had written in collaboration with Victor Widnell. She made her English debut, on 4 December 1890, in the play's first public performance: on the opening night of The New Olympic Theatre, in London's Drury Lane, an entirely new, purpose-built theatre, which Barrett also managed.In August 1891, Wilson Barrett discovered that, due to a half forgotten arrangement made several years earlier, his leading lady at the time, "<mask>", was contracted to appear with Morris Abrahams at the Pavilion Theatre for the whole of the 1891/1892 season.According to Thomas (1984, p.109), another actress, Mary Eastlake (1856-1911) who had been with Barrett for nine years, and had also been his "leading lady", had left Barrett's company a year earlier (towards the end of 1890), by amicable mutual agreement, and was touring the provinces, financed by Barrett — having been given the rights to perform the play "Clito" (co-written by Barrett and Sydney Grundy in 1886). Within days, it was being reported that "Miss <mask>, a former member of the Daly Company, is now leading lady in Mr. Wilson Barrett's company". Perhaps her reaction to Barrett's unexpected announcement was somewhat amplified by the fact that, as a consequence of becoming his leading lady, she had to master a total of 14 leading roles in the space of just three weeks. She soon settled into her new position, and by 22 October 1891, she was playing Desdemona, to Barrett's Othello, in the first performance of an entirely new production of Shakespeare's Othello, that Barrett had adapted to accommodate Jeffries "unique new school acting style" (Thomas, 1894, p. 111). <mask> was an outstanding success and, throughout the rest of her career, her performances as Desdemona were considered to be amongst her finest roles. United States (1892-1895)

Barrett's 1892/1893 tour opened in Philadelphia, on 21 November 1892, at the Duquesne Theater, with a performance of Hamlet. <mask> was involved in the creation of Wilson Barrett's play The Sign of the Cross, which was originally produced at the Grand Opera House, St. Louis, Missouri on 28 March 1895.Barrett's company opened its Australian season for J. C. Williamson at Melbourne's Princess Theatre (18 December 1897 – 2 March 1898), and then went on to Sydney's Her Majesty's Theatre (5 March-21 May 1898), Adelaide's Theatre Royal (4–16 June 1898), and Perth's Theatre Royal (21 June-1 July 1898), presented a number of different works at each theatre, the first of which was Claudian (with <mask> as Almida);Amusements, The Age, (Monday, 20 December 1897), p.7. other works included Hamlet (with <mask> as Ophelia), Othello (with <mask> as Desdemona), Virginius (with <mask> as Virginia), Ben-my-Chree, (with <mask> as Mona), The Manxman (with <mask> as Kate Cregeen), and The Silver King (with <mask> as Nellie Denver). On 16 July, the company left Sydney for Vancouver on the SS Aorangi. United Kingdom (1898-)
<mask> first appearance for this tour was with Barrett on 25 September 1898, at the Theatre Royal, in Cardiff, as Kate Cregeen in The Manxman. <mask>' performance was outstanding, and there were 10 minutes of curtain calls. Australasia (1903-1906)
Following an arrangement between J. C. Williamson and Herbert Beerbohm Tree, the company of Julius Knight (1863-1941) and <mask>rick and Comedy and Tragedy at Christchurch's Theatre Royal on 22 November 1905.The company performed in Christchurch, Dunedin, Wellington, Masterton, and Auckland, and its final performance was The Lady of Lyons, at Auckland's Her Majesty's Theatre, on Saturday, 17 February 1906. The final performance of the Knight-Jeffries Company was with The Lady of Lyons, in Sydney's Palace Theatre, on 16 March 1906. After the final curtain the audience was addressed by Julius Knight, and by <mask> (in the company of her husband "who came from the wings, and was heartily cheered as he stood beside her"). Such was the impact of her Australian stage presence that, a decade later, one social correspondent was recalling Mrs. J.B.N. Osborne as "the handsome and graceful actress, Miss <mask>", whilst another theatre critic still believed that her performances far outshone those of the current favourite-of-the-day, Melbourne born actress Madge Titheradge. Even later, in 1917, a racing journalist was recalling her as "the statuesque American actress" who had married the Osborne brother "commonly known as 'Nott' Osborne". J.B.N.Osborne

 Early life and family
James Bunbury Nott Osborne (1878-1934) — most often referred to in the press as "J.B.N. Osborne", less often as "James Osborne" and, even, sometimes, as "Nott Osborne" — the son, and one of the nine children of Patrick Hill "Pat" Osborne (1832–1902) and Elizabeth Jane "Jeanie" Osborne (1847–1938), née Atkinson  was born on 14 May 1878 in Sydney. He attended Rugby School from 1892 to 1894. Soldier

In early 1898, Osborne was appointed second lieutenant, in command of the Bungendore troop of the First Australian (Volunteer) Horse Regiment; and, a year later, "was proving [himself to be] not only a smart officer, but a very popular one with the men". In October 1899, he was one of two members of the New South Wales military forces to be briefly appointed honorary aides-de-camp to the staff of Earl Beauchamp, the Governor of New South Wales,The Defence Force, The (Sydney) Evening News, (Monday, 30 October 1899), p.7. who was also Honorary Colonel-in-Chief of the First Australian Horse Regiment. He commanded the first troop of the 1st Australian Horse service squadron to be sent to South Africa.Lieutenant Osborne sailed with his troops for South Africa on the S.S. Langton Grange, leaving Newcastle on 15 November 1899, arriving in South Africa, at Durban, on 13 December 1899. He was present at the Relief of Kimberley and, in March 1900, left the Australian Horse and took up a commission with the British 16th Lancers: the regiment of his elder brother, Second Lieutenant Edwin Francis Fitzroy Osborne (1873-1895), who had died four years earlier, of enteric fever, at Lucknow, on 2 September 1895. He was closely involved in the surrender of Bloemfontein in March 1900; and, in early May 1900, he contracted enteric fever. He was hospitalized in Bloemfontein; however, his condition did not respond to treatment, and he was invalided to England. Having participated in operations in the Orange Free State and Transvaal, and having seen action at Reit River, Klip Drift, Relief of Kimberley, Paardeberg, Poplar Grove, Dreifontein, Karee Siding, Belfast and Slingersfontein, Osborne was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with five clasps. His service is commemorated on a plaque (dedicated on 29 May 2011) affixed to the Bungendore and District War Memorial. He remained on the "unattached list" until he formally resigned his commission in December 1904.Aide-de-camp to Earl Ranfurly

In 1901, appointed to the rank of captain, he served as the aide-de-camp to Earl Ranfurly, the Governor-General of New Zealand, in particular, during the visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later, King George V and Queen Mary) in June 1901. Stage and screen
Later described as "a squatter who took to the stage for the love of a lady", Osborne made his stage debut (as "Nott Osborne"), at the last moment, in the role of Major Doria — <mask> was playing the part of Donna Romana Volonna — in

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 a performance of The Eternal City (adapted for the stage from Hall Caine's novel of the same name), at Her Majesty's Theatre on 23 January 1904: "Mention may be made of Mr Nott Osborne as Major Doria (Governor of St Angelo), who, in making a promising stage debut, though obviously nervous over the first few words, displayed a pleasant voice and manner." In 1918 Osborne played a leading role in Alfred Rolfe's society melodrama, Cupid Camouflaged, a silent movie produced to raise funds for the Red Cross, and starring many members of Sydney Society.Osborne and Ethel Knight Kelly at the centre of a still from movie at . A reviewer of the premiere performance on 31 May 1918, noting that, although the movie itself was "distinctly amateurish" overall, did observe that "some of the best work in the picture is done by Mr. James Osborne". Death
James Bunbury Nott Osborne died, aged 56, in Sydney, on 24 June 1934. He was interred at Waverley Cemetery, Sydney, along with the remains of his daughter Elizabeth Osborne (1911-1911). Marriage, children, and life after the theatre

 Marriage

Following their engagement in May 1904, she married James Bunbury Nott Osborne (1878-1934) — who was, by that time, also a member of her theatrical company — in a quiet, private ceremony, on 25 October 1904, at Papani, New Zealand.It was <mask>' first, and only marriage. Bowylie
In March 1906, <mask> retired from the stage and happily devoted herself to a rural life on their family property, "Bowylie", near Gundaroo, New South Wales. The property was originally known as "Talligandra". The current homestead, originally known as "Stoneville", built by the Massy family following the destruction of the earlier building in a bushfire in the 1870s, was purchased by the Osborne family in 1896 and renamed "Bowylie". Whilst some aspects of the current gardens were designed by William Guilfoyle, "most of the credit for planning and beautifying the gardens must go to Mrs James Osborne, who arrived as a bride in 1904. Mrs Osborne planted the Lambertiana hedges, laid out paths and gardens and kept an eye on extensive additions to the house".Gorgeous garden in Gundaroo, CityNews, (Wednesday, 9 November 2011), p.35. Children
On 2 February 1894, and far from the United States, and representing herself as "Bertha Jeffreys" from Tasmania, she gave birth to a daughter, Florence Beatrice Jeffreys (1894-1974) – later Mrs. George Frederick Seymour — in North Carlton, Victoria, Australia.The child, whose father was never identified, was immediately "taken in" by Patrick Joseph and Harriet Ann Walsh, née Deverson, also of North Carlton, who ran a boarding house for actors. Although the existence of the child was kept secret from the world in general, her daughter always knew the identity of her mother — whom she met at least once as a child and, after whom, she later named her own daughter. Her 1904 marriage produced two children: a son, James Bedford <mask> Osborne (1908-1984),Navy Service Record: Osborne, James Bedford <mask> (Lieutenant). and a daughter, Elizabeth Osborne, born on 22 May 1911, who only lived for five weeks.Family Notices: Deaths: Osborne, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Monday, 3 July 1911), p.8. Later that same year, when her three-year-old son contracted diphtheria, and was admitted to the isolation ward at Yass Hospital, a deeply worried <mask>, although quite well herself, having already experienced the death of her mother (who had died in Memphis, on 4 January) and the death of her daughter (on 2 July), went into quarantine with her son, rather than be separated from him. After several weeks in the hospital, and with the care of his mother, he was well enough for them both to return home. Picture postcards
A constant, and important ongoing source of income for <mask> was that derived from the royalties from the sale of a wide range of popular photographic postcards of her either in the costume of a particular stage role — as Mercia in The Sign of the Cross, as Kate Cregeen in The Manxman, as Elna in Daughters of Babylon, as Mariamne in Herod; A Tragedy  — or studio portraits representing her "off stage".http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-136637689/view;jsessionid=1gct2lgx0fp7d181e7aag6502e

In 1904 it was reported that, even though payment was only six cents per copy, Jeffries had made at least $US10,000 from royalties in less than two years.Several years later, it was estimated that some 200,000 postcards of <mask> had been sold in Sydney over the 1906 Christmas/New Year period alone. <mask>: "The Tombstone Angel"
In early 1906 the London Daily Mail reported that one of the most popular postcards of <mask> — portraying her in the role of Mercia in The Sign of the Cross — was being used as the model for the recently created "winged angel" that was rapidly replacing the "weeping angel" as the most popular item in memorial statuary. In April, the Melbourne Age announced that "Miss <mask> has instructed her London solicitors to announce that it is exceedingly distasteful to her to be associated with tombstones in any way, and the offending sculptors are being brought to book for the liberty they have taken";"Always thought that <mask> was of the disposition angelic, but the reverse is evidently the case, as the popular actress is said to be excessively annoyed at the idea of her classic physiognomy being reproduced by monumental masons as a suitable likeness of an angel. As <mask> was never by any means "flighty", possibly it's the thought of putting on "wings" she objects to." (The (Brisbane) Truth, (Sunday 20 May 1906), p.6). and, soon, the following (humorous) paragraph was being widely circulated in the Australian press: "Miss <mask> denies, through her solicitors, that she has authorised the manufacture of marble reproductions of herself as tombstone angels. Her solicitors, nevertheless, write from Angel Court."Chrysanthemum Maud Jeffries
Around 1906, G. Brunning and Sons, a plant nursery in St Kilda, Victoria, renowned for their chrysanthemum varieties, produced a cultivar — later described as "a decorative Japanese variety of the purest white, and one of the most valuable of these for late flowering and conservatory decoration" — which was officially named "Miss Maud <mask>". Not that Mrs. Osborne
On Sunday 20 January 1929, on the way to Redbank Station, Jugiong, near Harden, New South Wales, a motor car driven by a Mr. P. O'Rorke, crashed into an oncoming vehicle at the South Coast town of Narooma. The driver of the other vehicle, and O'Rorke's passenger, a "Mrs. Osborne", were badly injured and taken to hospital. Given that the injured woman was a "Mrs. Osborne", from a property somewhere in rural New South Wales, it was immediately assumed that the woman was, indeed, <mask>, and the news of the accident was widely broadcast in newspapers in Australia, New Zealand, the USA, Great Britain, and the British Colonies. Three days later, it was revealed that, rather than being the supposed "Mrs. J.B.N. Osborne" of Gundaroo, the accident victim was, in fact, Mrs. Elsie Evelyn Osborne (1878-1930), née Dickenson, of Redbank Station, Jugiong, NSW, the widow of Benjamin Marshall Osborne (thus "Mrs. B.M. Osborne").Death
<mask> Craven Nott, née <mask>, died of cancer, at her family property, "Bowylie", at Gundaroo, on 27 September 1946, aged 76 years.<mask>: Death of Former Actress, The Goulburn Evening Post, (Wednesday 2 October 1946), p.4; Former Actress Dies in Country, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Wednesday, 2 October 1946), p.5. She was privately interred at Waverley Cemetery, Sydney, along with the remains of her daughter Elizabeth Osborne (1911-1911), and her late husband, James Bunbury Nott Osborne (1878-1934). See also
 Gundaroo Airport
 The Sign of the Cross Footnotes

 References

 Newspapers
 Mr. Tree's Theatrical Company: Arrival by The Orient, The (Adelaide) Advertiser, (Tuesday, 25 August 1903), p.6. Ladies' Letter, (Melbourne) Table Talk, (Thursday, 5 May 1904), p.19. Family Notices: Marriages: <mask>, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Wednesday, 26 October 1904), p.8. Personalities: The Family of Osborne, The (Sydney) Sunday Times, (Sunday, 12 April 1914), p.12. Family Notices: Deaths: Osborne, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Monday, 5 June September 1934), p.8.MR. J.B.N. OSBORNE,Goulburn Evening Penny Post, (Wednesday, 4 July 1934), p.2. Family Notices: Deaths: Osborne, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Friday, 27 September 1946), p.18. R.W.B., "Stage Prejudice Broken: Wilson Barrett's 'Sign of the Cross'", The Age Literary Section, (Saturday, 24 January 1948), p.6. <mask>, Former Actress: Dramatic Star at Turn of the Century Dies in Australia — Once a Leading Beauty, The New York Yimes, (Saturday, 28 September 1946), p. 11. America gave us One of our Finest Actresses, The Canberra Times, (Thursday, 27 April 2000), p. 11. Other sources
 Mr. Wilson Barrett's Farewell to Melbourne (Souvenir Theatre Programme), Princess Theatre, Melbourne, 21 May 1898.The Darling of the Gods (Theatre Programme), Her Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne, 1904: cast includes "Mr. Nott Osborne" and "Miss Maud Jeffries". Barrett, W. The Sign of the Cross, J.B. Lippincott Company, (Philadelphia), 1896: Barrett's novelized version of his play. Barrett, W., The Wilson Barrett Birthday Book: Illustrated, W. & D. Downey, (London), 1899. "<mask>, Miss <mask>", Browne, Walter & Koch, E. De Roy, Who's Who on the Stage 1908: The Dramatic Reference Book and Biographical Dictionary of the Theatre: Containing Careers of Actors, Actresses, Managers and Playwrights of the American Stage,  B.W. Dodge and Company, (New York), 1908, p.257. "<mask>ries", pp.184-185 in Clapp, John Bouvé  and Edgett, Edwin Francis, Players of the Present (Part II), The Dunlap Society, (New York) 1900. "<mask>, Actress", p.24 in Corry, M., Waverley Cemetery: Who’s Who: Encore!(Revised Version), Waverley Library, (Bondi Junction), 1996. Disher, M.W., "Sex and Salvation: The Sign Of The Cross", pp.115-124 in Disher, M.W., Melodrama: Plots that Thrilled, The Macmillan Company, (New York), 1954. Hugonnet, P.J., Bungendore and District War Memorial: South African (Boer) War 1899-1902 Roll of Honour, Peter John Hugonnet, (Bungendore) 2011. Kelly, Veronica, The Empire Actors: Stars of Australasian Costume Drama 1890s-1920s, Currency House, (Strawberry Hills), 2010. Miss <mask>, p.34 in Lawrence, Boyle, Celebrities of the Stage, George Newnes, Limited, (London), 1900. Livingston, S., "Mad Love" The Ballad of Fred & Allie", Creative Nonfiction, No.48, Spring 2013. National Museum of Australia: Collection Highlights: Delaunay-Belleville Tourer.Shaw, G.B., "Mainly About Shakespeare", The Saturday Review, Vol.83, No.2170, (29 May 1897), pp.603-605. Thomas, J.M., The Art of the Actor-Manager: Wilson Barrett and the Victorian Theatre'', UMI Research Press, (Ann Arbor), 1984. Thorpe, Clarissa, "Vintage love story: The tale of US actress <mask> and Australian farmer James Osborne", 666 ABC Canberra, 6 September 2015. 1869 births
People from Coahoma County, Mississippi
Actresses from Mississippi
19th-century American actresses
American stage actresses
20th-century American actresses
American emigrants to Australia
1946 deaths
Deaths from cancer in New South

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<mask> (born 9 April 1965) is a Swedish  professional golfer who played primarily on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and is also a life member of the Ladies European Tour. She won the LPGA major Nabisco Dinah Shore and twice finished second in the U.S. Women's Open. She also won the Women's British Open once and the Evian Masters three times before those events were designated as majors in women's golf by the LPGA Tour. In 2019, she won a "senior slam" by winning both of the senior women's major championships. Amateur career
<mask> was born in Gothenburg, Sweden and at age 11 began playing golf at Gullbringa Golf & Country Club north of Gothenburg. At young ages, she represented Sweden on both junior level and in the national amateur team. She attended United States International University, San Diego, California, playing in their golf team led by coach Gordon Severson and graduated in 1988.During summer time she played in Sweden and won the Swedish Match-play Championship three years in a row 1986 through 1988, as an amateur while the championship since 1986 had become open for professionals and part of the Swedish Golf Tour for women. In 1987, she was a member of the winning Swedish team at the European Ladies' Team Championship at Turnberry, Scotland. She was also a member of the Swedish team in the Espirito Santo Trophy 1986 and 1988. At home soil in Stockholm in 1988, Sweden finished second after the United States, which was at the time, the best Swedish finish ever. The same year <mask> finished individual bronze-medallist at the European Ladies' Championship at Pedrena Golf Club, Spain. She turned professional on 1 January 1989. Professional career
<mask> began her professional career on the Ladies European Tour where she was awarded 1989 Rookie of the Year.The next year, in 1990, she claimed her maiden professional win at the Women's British Open. She won twice on the LET in 1991 and won once each on the Australian and Japan tours. She earned exempt status for the 1992 LPGA Tour season by tying for 17th at the LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament. She earned Rookie of the Year honors on the LPGA Tour in 1992 and has won seven LPGA Tour events, including one LPGA major: the 1993 Nabisco Dinah Shore. A little over three months after her Dinah Shore victory, <mask> nearly won the U.S. Women's Open at Crooked Stick Golf Club. <mask> entered the final round with a two-stroke advantage, but finished tied for 2nd, one shot behind winner Lauri Merten. At the 1994 U.S. Women's Open at Indianwood Golf & Country Club, Michigan, <mask> shot an 8 under first round 63, a new tournament single round record.Her 36-hole total 132 also broke the tournament record. When she reached 13 under during the third round, it was at the time the lowest score to par ever reached in a U.S. Open, by men or women. After playing her last 29 holes in 14 over par, she fell to tied 9th, eight shots behind winner Patty Sheehan. During her career on the LPGA Tour, <mask> continued to play a limited number of events in Europe, where she won eleven times. She finished on top of the Ladies European Tour money list in 1998. In 2008, <mask> came back, after recovering from injuries in her leg, back and shoulder, and won her third Evian Masters title, her first LPGA Tour win in five years. She was member of the European Solheim Cup team as a player 8 times: 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2009.She was appointed captain of the 2007 European Solheim Cup team, losing to the United States team 12-16. When she qualified for the European Team at the 2009 Solheim Cup, she became the first, and still the only, player on both teams, to qualify as a player after she has been the team captain a previous year. While playing golf, <mask> has been known to curse long and loud in Swedish. The Financial Times of London once editorialized "They can be louder and more richly worded than many of Lenny Bruce's best performances". <mask> said about cursing "You have to stay so focused on the tour, you work so hard, you don't want anything to interfere. But then all of a sudden this little devil comes crawling out, saying, 'It's time to do something. You've been good too long.""

In September 2013, <mask> officially announced her retirement from the LPGA Tour. She is a life time member of the Ladies European Tour. After her retirement from competitive golf on the regular tour, she came back, playing on the women's senior tour, the Legends Tour, primarily in the senior majors, with great success. She tied for third in the inaugural Senior LPGA Championship in 2017 and improved that by finishing tied second at the 2018 Senior LPGA Championship. She won both of the two senior ladies major championships in 2019, the U.S. Senior Women's Open and the Senior LPGA Championship, completing the same "senior slam" as Laura Davies achieved in 2018. Personal life
At young age she practiced ice skating and team handball. Her father Björn was a six-time Swedish handball champion and a keen golfer himself.The father and daughter won the 1999 Swedish Two Generations Mixed Championship, played as 36-hole foursome. In later years <mask> has practiced yoga. During her college years in San Diego, California, she met Leo Cuellar, the school's soccer coach and a former World Cup and Olympic soccer player for Mexico. The couple later got engaged. After graduating in 1988 with a degree in International Business and Marketing, she tried a career in Paris, France as a model and stayed for six months. In 2005, <mask> married former National Hockey League player Kent Nilsson and became stepmother of his son, hockey player Robert Nilsson. Kent Nilsson was en elite amateur golfer himself, with a handicap below scratch.They divorced in 2016, but came back to live together. She has contributed to the foundation of a charity golf tournament supporting research on Alzheimer's disease, which affected her mother, who died in 2010. Amateur wins
1981 Swedish Junior Match-play Championship
1982 Belgian Open Junior Championship
1983 Swedish Junior Match-play Championship
1985 Swedish Junior Match-play Championship
Source:

Professional wins (29)

LPGA Tour wins (7)

LPGA Tour playoff record (1–3)

Ladies European Tour wins (11)

Note: The Women's British Open was not co-sanctioned by the LPGA until 1994, and did not become an LPGA major until 2001. ^The Evian Masters has been co-sanctioned with the Ladies European Tour since 2000. Sources:

Ladies European Tour playoff record (4–1)

LPGA of Japan Tour wins (3)
1991 Daio Paper Elleair Ladies Open
1992 Itoki Classic
1997 Itoen Ladies

ALPG Tour wins (1)
1991 Queensland Open

Swedish Golf Tour wins (4)

Other wins (2)
1991 Benson & Hedges Trophy (with Anders Forsbrand)
1992 Sunrise Cup World Team Championship (with Liselotte Neumann)

Legends Tour wins (2)

Major championships

Wins (1)

Results timeline

^ The Women's British Open replaced the du Maurier Classic as an LPGA major in 2001. ^^ The Evian Championship was added as a major in 2013. CUT = missed the half-way cut
DQ = disqualified
WD = withdrew
T = tied

Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 9 (1997 Kraft Nabisco Championship – 1999 Kraft Nabisco Championship)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (1993 U.S. Open – 1993 du Maurier Classic)

Team appearances
Amateur
European Lady Junior's Team Championship (representing Sweden): 1980, 1981 (winners), 1982, 1983, 1984 (winners), 1986
European Ladies' Team Championship (representing Sweden): 1983, 1985, 1987 (winners)
Espirito Santo Trophy (representing Sweden): 1986, 1988

Professional
Solheim Cup (representing Europe): 1990, 1992 (winners), 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000 (winners), 2002, 2007 (non-playing captain), 2009
World Cup (representing Sweden): 2007
Lexus Cup (representing International team): 2008 (winners)
Handa Cup (representing World team): 2012 (tie), 2013 (winners), 2014, 2015

See also
List of golfers with most Ladies European Tour wins

References

External links

Swedish female golfers
LPGA Tour golfers
Ladies European Tour golfers
Winners of LPGA major golf championships
Solheim Cup competitors for Europe
United States International University alumni
Sportspeople from Gothenburg
1965 births
Living people

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Helen Christine Alfredsson
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<mask> (1890–1968) was an American mycologist. He was known for his taxonomic research on the rust fungi (Pucciniomycetes), the genus Cordyceps, and the earth tongues (Geoglossaceae). Biography
<mask> was born on 31 March 1890 in Coldwater, Branch County, Michigan. The son of Benjamin W. and Mary Ann (<mask><mask>. <mask> began his undergraduate education at Michigan State University in 1909, but transferred to the University of Michigan in 1911. He earned his Ph.D. in botany from the University of Michigan in 1916 under the tutelage of Calvin Henry Kauffman while investigating the parasite-host relationships of various rust fungi. He was appointed Assistant Botanist at the Purdue University Agricultural Experimental Station by Joseph Charles Arthur in 1916.He married Mary Esther Elder on 16 August 1917 in East Lansing, Michigan. Mains was appointed Acting Director of the University of Michigan Herbarium following the illness of C.H. Kauffman in 1930 and was named Director in 1931. <mask> remained at the University of Michigan, both as a professor and as Director of the Herbarium, until his retirement in 1960. <mask> served as Chair of the Department of Botany at Michigan during World War II. <mask> remained in Ann Arbor following his retirement and died of a heart attack on 23 December 1968. He was buried at Oak Grove Cemetery in Coldwater, Michigan.While at Michigan, <mask> was active in the Ann Arbor Garden Club. Mains was highly interested in photography and was a noted and exhibited photographer of nature. Mains was prominent in the development and use of color photography in mycological education. Mycological contributions
<mask>' early professional career was dedicated to the study of plant rusts (Pucciniales). He collaborated with Arthur and others on "The Plant Rusts (Uredinales)" in 1929, a major treatment of an economically important group of fungi. <mask> continued working on rusts after transferring to Michigan, though most of his later studies focused on Cordyceps and the Geoglossaceae. <mask>' collections and research greatly enriched the University of Michigan Herbarium, which developed "from a position of obscurity to one of international prominence" under his directorship.<mask> was elected Vice-President of the Mycological Society of America in 1938, and President in 1942. <mask> also served the Mycological Society of America as a counselor from 1943-1944. <mask> and C.L. Lundell investigated the flora of the high rain forest and mountain pine ridge in the southern El Cayo District, British Honduras in 1937. Taxa described
Mains described a total of 80 new species, two new form, eleven new varieties, and made 20 new combinations of species. As of 2014, 55 of his species, both new forms, two varieties, and 18 recombinations are still accepted (having not been assigned to another genus or reduced to synonymy under previously published names). Mains also described five genera, three of which were later reduced to synonymy.Mycological lineage
Mains belongs to the C.H. Kauffman Lineage of American mycologists. Kauffman himself was influenced by Robert Almer Harper and George Francis Atkinson. During Mains' tenure at the University of Michigan, he mentored or advised thirteen prominent mycologists:

Jean D. Arnold (Ph.D. 1935)
Harold Johnston Brodie (Ph.D. 1934)
Clair Alan Brown (Ph.D. 1933)
George William Fisher (Ph.D. 1935)
John Robert Hardison (MS 1940, Ph.D. 1942)
Henry Andrew Imshaug (Ph.D. 1951)
Marion Lee Lohman
Josiah Linocoln Lowe (Ph.D. 1938)
Douglas Barton Osborne Savile (Ph.D. 1939)
John Arvid Schmitt (MS 1950, Ph.D. 1954)
Alexander Hanchett Smith (Ph.D. 1933)
Delbert Swartz
Joseph S. Tidd

Mains' lineage of North American mycologists is large and widespread. Brodie, Fisher, Imshaug, Lowe, and Smith all mentored a number of students, including Joseph Ammirati, Howard E. Bigelow, Irwin M. Brodo, Robert Lee Gilbertson, Orson K. Miller Jr., and Harry Thiers, all of whom have been greatly influential in American mycology. Eponymous taxa

Mainsia H.S. Jacks 1931 = Gerwasia Racib.1909
Ravenelia mainsiana Arthur & Holw. 1918
Favolaschia mainsii Singer 1974
Galerina mainsii A.H. Sm. & Singer 1958
Gibellula mainsii Samson & H.C. Evans 1992

Publications
Mains authored or coauthored more than 90 research publications and books:

1916. Mains EB. "Some factors concerned in the germination of rust spores". Report of the Michigan Academy of Science 17: 136-140. 1916.———. "The wintering of Coleosporum solidaginis". Phytopathology 6: 371-372. 1917. ———. "The relationship of some rusts to the physiology of their hosts". American Journal of Botany 4 (4): 179-220.1917. ———. "Species of Melampsora occurring on Euphorbia in North America". Phytopathology 7 101-105. 1919. Arthur JC, Mains EB. "Grass rusts of unusual structure".Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 46 (10): 411-415. 1921. Mains EB. "Unusual rusts on Nyssa and Urticastrum". American Journal of Botany 8 (9): 442-451. 1921. ———."The heteroecism of Puccinia montanensis, P. koeleriae, and P. apocrypta". Mycologia 13 (6): 315-322. 1921. ———, Jackson HS. "Two strains of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States". Phytopathology 11: 40. 1921.Jackson HS, Mains EB. "Aecial stage of the orange leaf rust of wheat, Puccinia triticina Eriks." Journal of Agricultural Research (Washington, DC) 22: 151-172. 1922. Arthur JC, Mains EB. "Uredinales: Bullaria". North American Flora 7: 482-515.1923. Mains EB, Jackson HS. "Strains of the leaf rust of wheat, Puccinia triticina, in the United States". Phytopathology 13: 36. 1923. Mains EB, Leighty CE. "Resistance in rye to leaf rust, Puccinia dispersa Erikss."Journal of Agricultural Research 25 (5): 243-252. 1924. Mains EB. "Notes on greenhouse culture methods used in rust investigations". Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 33: 241-257. 1924. Mains EB, Jackson HS."Aecial stage of the leaf rust of rye, Puccinia dispersa Erikss. and Hen., and of barley, P. anomala Rostr., in the United States". Journal of Agricultural Research 28 (11): 1119-1126. 1925. Whetzel HH, Jackson HS, Mains EB. "The composite life history of Puccinia podophyli Schw." Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 65-79.1926. Mains EB. "Rye resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew". Journal of Agricultural Research 32: 201-221. 1926. ———. "Studies in rust resistance".Journal of Heredity 17 (9): 313-325. 1926. ———, Jackson HS. "Physiologic specialisation in the leaf rust of Wheat, Puccinia triticina Erikas." Phytopathology  16 (2): 89-120. 1926. Mains EB, Leighty CE, Johnston CO. "Inheritance of resistance to leaf rust, Puccinia tritica Erikss., in crosses of common wheat, Triticum vulgare Vill."Journal of Agricultural Research 32: 931-972. 1927 (Published in 1928). Mains EB. "Observations concerning clover diseases". Proclamations of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 37: 355-364. 1928. Mains EB, Thompson D. "Studies on snapdragon rust, Puccinia antirrhini".Phytopathology 18: 150. 1928 (Published in 1929). ———. "Observations concerning disease of iris and tulips". Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 38: 93-102. 1929. ———."Physiologic specialization and species development and nomenclature". Proclamations of the Internal Congress of Plant Sciences, Ithaca, New York 1926 2: 1767-1770. 1929. Arthur JC,

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Edwin Butterworth Mains
Edwin Butterworth Mains
Butterworth
) Mains
Mains
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