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<mask> (born 14 November 1974) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented the  in the Australian Football League (AFL). Having won a club-record seven Charlie Sutton Medals, <mask> is recognised as one of the Bulldogs' greatest-ever players. A tough "in-and-under" midfielder who was hard at the ball, especially around the stoppages, <mask> was regularly among the league's most prolific ballwinners during his playing career. Early career
One of three brothers, <mask> grew up in the northwestern Melbourne suburb of Keilor a keen  supporter. Ironically, his childhood neighbour and future Essendon footballer Rick Olarenshaw was a Footscray supporter. His older brother Troy initially trained at Essendon until told the West family residence actually belonged to Footscray's recruiting zone. Troy would go on to have a fine career with Williamstown Football Club.The third brother, Brent, is <mask>'s twin. <mask> was educated at Penleigh and Essendon Grammar School (PEGS), whom he represented in football with the Associated Grammar Schools of Victoria (AGSV) First XVIII in 1991 and 1992 along with Shane Crawford and future teammate Paul Dimattina. He also played for Strathmore and was subsequently recruited by  (now Western Bulldogs), making his senior debut in 1993. He won an AFL Rising Star nomination that season. In 1993 and 1994 he wore the number 14 guernsey, before changing to his famous number 7 in the wake of Doug Hawkins' departure to Fitzroy in 1995. AFL career
After Footscray rebranded itself the Western Bulldogs during the tumultuous 1996 season, the Bulldogs rebounded dramatically in 1997, falling agonizingly short of their first Grand Final appearance since 1961 when the eventual premiers  came from behind to win the Preliminary Final by two points. <mask>'s contribution in the club's amazing turnaround was recognized when he won the second of what would be seven Charlie Sutton Medals.He made All-Australian selection on five occasions – in 1998, 2000, 2004, 2005 and 2006. <mask>'s best and fairest victory in 2005 saw him overtake Gary Dempsey's previous record of six. Late in 2006 <mask> had been described as being in the best form of his career despite him being 32 years of age and completing his 300th game. This run of form included an incredible career best 45 disposals in one match against the Adelaide Crows. In the 2006 season, <mask> became the first player on record (recorded since 1987) to amass more than 400 handpasses in a season, finishing with 423. <mask> finished runner-up in the Brownlow Medal count twice: in 2000 and in 2006. He also finished third in the 1999 count, making him one of the best footballers never to have won the AFL's most prestigious individual honour.In 2000 he was particularly unlucky: going into the final round, he was level with Shane Woewodin from Melbourne on 22 votes. Having had only 17 disposals and being interchanged for majority of the final quarter, Woewodin wasn't considered a chance to poll
against West Coast, however Woewodin polled 2 votes and consequently
Won the medal on 24 votes. Wests amazing brownlow record consists of  third in 1999, second (by two votes) in 2000 and (by two votes) in 2006 and fourth in 2004 and 2005. In 2006 he won the Sunday Footy Show's Lou Richards award for best player as voted by Channel 9's football commentators. He was the crowd favourite to win the Brownlow Medal in 2006, due to his string of close misses and secondly, because he was one of the few Victoria-based players with a high chance of winning the award, during a period when non-Victorian teams were dominating the league. West ended up finishing second in 2006 behind Adam Goodes. On 23 September 2008, his career came to an end after the Bulldogs said he was no longer required at the club.Post-playing career
<mask> is a qualified landscape gardener and has run a landscaping business since 1997. From 2009 to 2011, <mask> served as a midfield coach at , earning praise for his teaching ability. In 2012 he became the coach of the Werribee Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). His stint was short but reasonably successful, leading Werribee to consecutive Preliminary Finals before quitting after the 2013 season in the hope of landing a coaching role in the AFL. In October 2014, <mask> was among the candidates considered to replace Brendan McCartney as senior coach of the Bulldogs, but the position eventually was given to Luke Beveridge. <mask> has also been working as a football commentator on radio for the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC). Honours
In early 2002, <mask> was named in the Western Bulldogs Team of the Century.The <mask> Award, awarded to the Western Bulldogs' most courageous player during a season, was named in his honour. In 2013 <mask> was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame. In March 2017, <mask> was chosen as one of the club icons to unfurl the Bulldogs' premiership flag. Career Statistics

|-
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1993
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 14 || 17 || 21 || 15 || 170 || 119 || 289 || 36 || 35 || 1.2 || 0.9 || 10.0 || 7.0 || 17.0 || 2.1 || 2.1 || 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1994
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 14 || 23 || 9 || 11 || 338 || 155 || 493 || 51 || 38 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 14.7 || 6.7 || 21.4 || 2.2 || 1.7 || 2
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1995
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 23|| 6 || 13 || 365 || 182 || 547 || 46 || 45 || 0.3 || 0.6 || 15.9 || 7.9 || 23.8 || 2.0 || 2.0 || 9
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1996
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 15 || 0 || 4 || 137 || 128 || 265 || 21 || 23 || 0.0 || 0.3 || 9.1 || 8.5 || 17.7 || 1.4 || 1.5 || 1
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1997
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 24 || 5 || 3 || 367 || 240 || 607 || 58 || 57 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 15.3 || 10.0 || 25.3 || 2.4 || 2.4 || 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1998
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 24 || 5 || 3 || 309 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 301† || 610 || 40 || 67 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 12.9 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 12.5† || 25.4 || 1.7 || 2.8 || 23
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1999
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 21 || 11 || 5 || 244 || 268 || 512 || 47 || 40 || 0.5 || 0.2 || 11.6 || 12.8 || 24.4 || 2.2 || 1.9 || 14
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2000
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 23 || 7 || 5 || 331 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 326† || 657 || 80 || 51 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 14.4 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 14.2† || 28.6 || 3.5 || 2.2 || 22
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2001
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 22 || 11 || 4 || 283 || 298 || 581 || 72 || 59 || 0.5 || 0.2 || 12.9 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 13.5† || 26.4 || 3.3 || 2.7 || 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2002
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 18 || 8 || 8 || 222 || 249 || 471 || 61 || 57 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 12.3 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 13.8† || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 26.2† || 3.4 || 3.2 || 8
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2003
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 22 || 3 || 6 || 277 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 343† || 620 || 107 || 67 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 12.6 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 15.6† || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 28.2† || 4.9 || 3.0 || 4
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 22 || 7 || 10 || 278 || 314 || 592 || 104 || 80 || 0.3 || 0.5 || 12.6 || 14.3 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 26.9† || 4.7 || 3.6 || 20
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 22 || 4 || 7 || 267 || 370 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 637† || 91 || 61 || 0.2 || 0.3 || 12.1 || 16.8 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 29.0† || 4.1 || 2.8 || 17
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 24 || 6 || 5 || 285 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 423† || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 708† || 119 || 77 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 11.9 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 17.6§ || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 29.5† || 5.0 || 3.2 || 23
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 20 || 1 || 6 || 211 || 329 || 540 || 110 || 82 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 10.6 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 16.5† || 27.0 || 5.5 || 4.1 || 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 45 || 48 || 93 || 14 || 14 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 11.3 || 12.0 || 23.3 || 3.5 || 3.5 || 3
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
!324
! 104
! 105
! 4129
! 4093
! 8222
! 1057
!853
! 0.3
! 0.3
! 12.7
! 12.6
! 25.4
! 3.3
!2.6
! 175
|}

Other
<mask> has made several appearances on the AFL Footy Show and appeared on a pizza ad with Melbourne's David Neitz. <mask> was married to Leshelle and has four sons: Rhylee (born 2000), Kobi, Cooper and Levi (born 2008).<mask> married Linda on 23/11/19. Rhylee was drafted by the Western Bulldogs in 2018 as a father-son selection. References

External links

1974 births
Western Bulldogs players
All-Australians (AFL)
Charles Sutton Medal winners
Living people
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Victorian State of Origin players
Strathmore Football Club players
Werribee Football Club coaches
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Australia international rules football team players
People educated at Penleigh and Essendon Grammar School

masks:
Scott West
West
West
West
Scott
West
West
West
West
West
West
West
West
West
West
West
Scott West
West
West
West
West
West


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<mask> ibn al-Shaykh ibn al-Salil al-Dhuhli al-Shaybani (; died 882/83) was an Arab leader of the Shayban tribe. Taking advantage of the domestic turmoil of the Abbasid Caliphate, he created a semi-independent bedouin state in Palestine and southern Syria in ca. 867–870, before an Abbasid army forced him to exchange his domains with the governorship of Armenia and Diyar Bakr. In Armenia, he struggled to contain the rising power of the Christian princes, but after failing to suppress the revolt of one of his own subordinates, he abandoned the country and returned to his native Jazira. There he spent his last years until his death in a struggle with a rival strongman, the ruler of Mosul Ishaq ibn Kundajiq. Life
<mask>'s early life is obscure. He was a member of the Shayban tribe from the Jazira, but otherwise not even the exact name of his father is known, it being variously given as al-Shaykh, Ahmad or Abd al-Razzak.<mask> first appears in 848, in the ranks of the Abbasid army under Bugha al-Sharabi that was sent against the rebel Muhammad ibn al-Ba'ith in his stronghold of Marand. Muhammad and most of his followers belonged to the Rabi'a tribal group, the same that the Shayban were part of. Consequently Bugha employed <mask> as an envoy to the rebels, and <mask> managed to convince several among them to surrender. Career in Syria and Palestine

It has been suggested that <mask> served as governor of Damascus in 861, but according to Marius Canard this is a confusion with <mask> ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari. In 865, according to al-Tabari, he defeated and captured a Kharijite rebel named al-Muwaffaq. At the time, he held a post in Syria, since al-Tabari records him asking for aid from the Caliph al-Mutawakkil in preparing a raid against Byzantium, including four ships to be set ready in Tyre. He was probably already governor of Jund Filastin (Palestine) district at the time, a post which he seems to have held, according to Ya'qubi, at the time of the deposition of Caliph al-Musta'in in January 866.According to Ya'qubi, <mask> was one of the governors who refused to immediately acknowledge the new Caliph, al-Mu'tazz, perhaps because his old patron Bugha still remained loyal to al-Musta'in. This led al-Nawshari to campaign against him, and the two armies clashed by the Jordan River. Al-Nawshari's son was killed, but <mask> was defeated and fled to Egypt with what wealth he could gather, while al-Nawshari occupied the capital of Palestine, Ramla. In Egypt, <mask> finally conceded the oath of loyalty (bay'ah) to al-Mu'tazz, while al-Nawshari in his turn fell out with the Caliph, who had not sanctioned his seizure of Ramla and dispatched an army under <mask> al-Muwallad to drive him out. <mask> then returned to Palestine, bringing with him money, supplies, and possibly troops recruited in Egypt, and built a fortress called al-Husami, situated between Ramla and Ludd. From this base, he managed to withstand the repeated attacks of Ibn al-Muwallad, until—probably after a truce was agreed—both returned to the caliphal capital, Samarra. There, in December 866, <mask> secured his re-appointment to the governorship of both Palestine and the province of Jordan (Jund al-Urdunn).Al-Tabari attributes this to the influence of Bugha al-Sharabi, whom he bribed with 40,000 gold dinars, while al-Mas'udi claims that this was because of the riches he brought with him from Egypt, as well as 70 Alids who had fled from the Hijaz. He did not immediately return to Palestine, instead sending his lieutenant Abu'l-Maghra ibn Musa ibn Zurara there as his deputy. When he finally arrived in Ramla, <mask> used the ongoing anarchy in Iraq to set himself up as a virtually independent ruler. He kept the province's revenues for himself, and even intercepted the tax caravans from Egypt. He then used this money to secure the loyalty of the local Arab tribes, the Rabi'a in the north and the Banu Kilab in the south, with whom he even formed a marriage alliance, marrying a Kilabi wife. Soon, his nascent Bedouin state was strong enough that he took control of Damascus itself. When Caliph al-Muhtadi ascended the throne in July 869, he offered a general amnesty, and wrote to <mask>, offering a pardon in exchange for him handing over the treasure he had wrongfully appropriated, according to al-Kindi amounting to a sum of 750,000 dinars.When <mask> refused, the Caliph ordered the new governor of Egypt, <mask> Tulun, to march against him. Ibn Tulun complied, but no sooner had he reached Arish with his army orders came to turn back. In 870, the new Caliph, al-Mu'tamid, again sent envoys to <mask> to persuade him to return the money, but <mask> again refused, and an army under the Turk Amajur al-Turki, who was named governor of Damascus. Initially based in Tyre, <mask> managed to push back Amajur's numerically much inferior forces—al-Tabari reports that <mask> had 20,000 men while Amajur only 200–400—to Damascus, but in a battle before the city <mask>'s son al-Mansur fell, and he was defeated and he was forced to withdraw to Ramla. Instead of an army there came a new embassy from the Caliph (in 870 or 871), offering him the governorship of Armenia if he would abandon Syria. <mask> agreed, and left for his new post in May 871. In Armenia and the Jazira

The governorship of Armenia included not only Armenia proper, but also Azerbaijan and the Diyar Bakr in the Jazira, the latter being the main settlement area of the Shayban and <mask>'s own homeland.Soon after his appointment, <mask> (called "Yise, son of Šeh" by Armenian sources) was approached by the Uthmanids and the Kaysites, local dynasties of Arab emirs established around Lake Van, who were threatened by the rise of the Christian Armenian ruler Ashot I Artsruni, prince of Vaspurakan. Ashot was preparing to besiege the Uthmanid fortress of Amiwk, when <mask> assembled a league of the emirs of Armenia, and with 15,000 men came to Vaspurakan. Unable to confront these numbers, the Artsruni backed down and concluded a peace with <mask>. <mask>'s situation in Armenia was precarious, however, as he was without any hope of support from the Abbasid government. Armenia was effectively left to its own devices, and the two great Christian dynasties of the Artsruni in the south and the Bagratuni in the north effectively partitioned the country and acted as independent princes. This necessitated a careful balancing act by <mask>, who could not afford to alienate the various Armenian rulers, especially after his lieutenant in Azerbaijan, <mask> Abd al-Wahid al-Tamimi al-Yamami, rebelled in 877. <mask> besieged Muhammad in the provincial capital, Bardha'a, but despite receiving aid from Ashot Bagratuni (the future King of Armenia), after 13 months of fruitless siege he was forced to abandon it.<mask> then departed Armenia altogether, returning to Amid in the Diyar Bakr. Although regarded by the Armenian and Arab historians as nominal governor of Armenia until his death in 882/3, he never again left the Jazira. In the Jazira, he faced a major rival in the person of the Turk Ishaq <mask>, who ruled Mosul and had ambitions to govern all of the Jazira. <mask> and his long-time lieutenant, Abu'l-Maghra, allied with other enemies of Ibn Kundajiq, the local Kharijites under a certain Ishaq <mask> and the Taghlibi chieftain Hamdan ibn Hamdun. This coalition managed to defeat Ibn Kundajiq, but the latter's position was soon bolstered by receiving appointment by the Caliph as governor of Diyar Rabi'a and Armenia (879/80), although he never seems to have exercised any authority over the latter. The Shaybanids then offered peace on the basis of maintaining the territorial status quo, and in exchange for an annual tribute of 200,000 dinars. Ibn Kundajiq initially accepted, but in 880/1 the coalition against him was renewed, and open warfare broke out.This time, Ibn Kundajiq was victorious in a battle fought in April/May 881, driving his opponents before him to Amid, which he left under siege. A few inconclusive skirmishes followed, and the situation was not resolved by the time of <mask>'s death in 882/3, as Ibn Kundajiq became involved in the Abbasid efforts to recover Syria from the Tulunids. <mask> was succeeded by his son Ahmad, who ruled the Diyar Bakr as an independent prince. Ahmad expanded his territory into southern Armenia, and, after Ibn Kundajiq's death in 891/2, occupied even Mosul. In the next year, however, the resurgent Abbasids under Caliph al-Mu'tadid wrested the city from him, and in 899 the rest of the family's Jaziran domains from Ahmad's heir, Muhammad. Legacy
As "rulers by usurpation" (ʿalā sabīl al-taghallub), <mask> and his son Ahmad are judged harshly by contemporary Muslim historians, but according to Canard, "in the disturbed period in which these Mesopotamian Arabs lived, they were no worse in their behaviour than the other soldiers of fortune of the Abbasid regime". Canard credits <mask> in particular with a "certain reputation for magnificence and generosity", and like all the Shayban, <mask> and Ahmad too were esteemed for the quality of their Arabic poetry.References

Sources

9th-century births
9th-century Arabs
880s deaths
Abbasid governors of Arminiya
Arab rebels
9th-century people of the Abbasid Caliphate
Abbasid governors of Palestine
History of Diyarbakır Province
Banu Shayban
Syria under the Abbasid Caliphate
Upper Mesopotamia under the Abbasid Caliphate

masks:
Abu Musa Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Muhammad ibn
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Ahmad ibn
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Muhammad ibn
Isa
Isa
ibn Kundajiq
Isa
ibn Ayyub
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa


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<mask>, 15th Baronet (26 November 1906 – 24 November 1990) was one of the founding members of the British Common Wealth Party in 1942, having previously been a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP). He joined the Labour Party in 1945 and was later a Labour MP. He was one of the founders of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). First years
<mask> was born on 26 November 1906 at Broadclyst, Devon, the eldest son of Sir <mask> (1874-1939), 14th Baronet, a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) and his first wife <mask>, née Cropper (1878-1933), a Liberal politician, suffragist, and novelist. He had two brothers and one sister, and his brother <mask>, was also a Liberal politician. He was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College, Oxford, before qualifying as a barrister (admitted at the Inner Temple in 1930). He briefly served in peacetime as a lieutenant in the 96th (Royal Devon Yeomanry) Field Brigade, RA.<mask> stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as potential MP for Torquay at the 1929 general election. He was elected Liberal MP for Barnstaple at the 1935 election, having first contested the seat in the 1931 general election. He was a junior whip for the Liberals. He helped launch the Popular Front in December 1936. His politics changed course subsequently, as seen in the various political pamphlets he wrote. On 15 April 1936, he married Anne Stella Alford, an architect, and together they had four sons, including John Dyke <mask> and Robert D<mask>. He succeeded his father as baronet in 1939.Common Wealth Party
In 1942, <mask> broke from the Liberals to found the socialist Common Wealth Party with J. B. Priestley and Tom Wintringham, opposing the coalition between the major parties. During the Second World War, the new party showed signs of a breakthrough, especially in London and Merseyside, winning three by-elections. However, the 1945 general election was a severe disappointment. Only one Member of Parliament, Ernest Millington, was elected, and other figures left, some joining the Labour Party. <mask> himself failed to win Putney, where he came third. Labour MP
<mask> joined Labour and was selected to fight the Gravesend seat following the expulsion of the Labour member of parliament Garry Allighan from the party for making allegations of corruption.He won the Gravesend by-election of November 1947 with a majority of 1,675. Back in Parliament, <mask> served as Second Church Estates Commissioner 1950–51. In 1955, he resigned from Labour in protest against the party's support for the Conservative government's nuclear defence policy, and lost Gravesend standing as an independent the same year, allowing the Conservatives to take the seat, denying it to the new Labour candidate, Victor Mishcon. Later career
As an advocate of public land ownership, <mask> felt it impossible to reconcile his possession of the Acland estates with his politics; in 1944 he sold his West Country estates at Killerton in Devon and Holnicote in Somerset to the National Trust for £134,000 (2011 equivalent £13.5 million), partly out of principle and also to ensure their preservation intact. This decision to relinquish the Acland property led to disagreements with his wife and the possibility of separation, but they eventually reconciled; <mask>, before depositing her letters, destroyed all those relating to this period of disagreement, between mid-summer 1942 and January 1943. Corresponding with the National Trust, <mask> said: "I am not giving you all my property. I am keeping some of it to live on, some of it to buy a house, and some of it I am giving to Common Wealth.With what is left I pay off as much of the debts as possible [these being £21,000 death duties on his father's estate, and £11,000 accumulated debt, equivalent to circa £3 million in 2011], and then hand over the rest to you, leaving you, I regret to say, to look after what is left of the debts." The terms of this deal were kept secret; "in widespread publicity from which the National Trust and the Aclands emerged glowing with virtue, the entire transaction was portrayed as a gift" and "the Aclands held on to... eighteenth-century family plates and dishes, portraits and landscapes, a group of family miniatures, an early nineteenth-century piano... they were able to buy a nice house in Hampstead at 66 Frognal Street; there was to be an education fund for the boys; and Common Wealth received about £65,000, allowing it to win two more by-elections." Additionally, Acland retained some feudal rights, including the gift of the living at the parish church, and entitlement to shooting ("to be arranged as to suit the convenience of the shooting tenants") and fishing (with one rod on the Nutscale Reservoir). Acland's sons were in later years displeased with the sale of the estates; the heir, John, left a 1994 document at Devon Record Office outlining "how he had made many requests that his mother 'should explain to me why the Killerton and Holnicote estates had been given (sic) to the National Trust in the 1940s'... John found on reading [the letters between his mother and father] that she had destroyed all the documents from the critical period at the end of 1942... His note continued: 'Anne only talked to me once, in 1989, about the gift (sic) of the estates... her principal contention was that she and <mask> had been in complete agreement at every stage.' Perhaps all this secrecy, the denial of the story, was an attempt by Anne and <mask> to protect themselves from the rage of their children." Soon after leaving parliament he took a job as a maths master at Wandsworth Grammar School in Sutherland Grove, new Southfields, London, with effect from September 1955. In 1957 he helped to form the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), and was a senior lecturer in education at St. Luke's College of Education, Exeter, between 1959 and his retirement in 1974.<mask> died in Exeter in 1990, at the age of 83. Writings
<mask>'s book, Unser Kampf, published by Penguin in 1940, containing ideas inspired by a Christian-based moral view of society. It proved immensely popular, going through 5 impressions in six months. His later works, The Forward March (1941) and How it can be done (1943) elaborated on these themes. He advocated common ownership, citing the work of Conrad Noel as well as the Bible to support his views. Key Publications
Unser Kampf (Our Struggle), Penguin Books, 1940
The Forward March, Allen & Unwin, 1941
What It Will Be Like in the New Britain, Victor Gollancz, 1942
How It Can Be Done, MacDonald, 1943

References

 The Acland Papers at the University of Exeter
 Stenton, M., Lees, S. (1981). Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, volume iv (covering 1945–1979).Sussex: The Harvester Press; New Jersey: Humanities Press. Neil Stockley, <mask> in Brack & Randall (eds.) Dictionary of Liberal Thought, Politico's 2007, pp3–5

External links

 History of St Luke's, Exeter Graduate School of Education :: Page Not Found

1906 births
1990 deaths
<mask> Dyke 1906
People from East Devon District
People educated at Rugby School
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Academics of the University of Exeter
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Common Wealth Party MPs
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Baronets in the Baronetage of England
English Anglicans
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament activists
Royal Devon Yeomanry officers
Church Estates Commissioners
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Barnstaple
Members of the Inner Temple

masks:
Sir Richard Thomas Dyke Acland
Richard Thomas Dyke Acland
Francis Dyke Acland
Eleanor Acland
Geoffrey Acland
Acland
Acland
. Acland
Acland
Acland
Acland
Acland
Acland
Anne Acland
Acland
Richard
Richard
Acland
Acland
Richard Acland
Richard Thomas


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<mask> (born November 20, 1992) is an American middle-distance runner from St. Louis, Missouri. She finished 12th in the 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China and 8th in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Professional
<mask> signed professionally with the Bowerman Track Club in June 2015. Later that year, she finished third in the steeplechase in 9:24.92 at the 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, and finished 12th in the 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China. She ran 9:20.00 to place ninth in the Diamond League event, Meeting de Paris, 2016. Prior to that, <mask> had run a personal best time of 9:21.10 to place eighth in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2016 Summer Olympics. <mask> had also run a personal best time of 9:21.29 to place third in the steeplechase behind Team USA teammates Emma Coburn and Courtney Frerichs at the 2016 United States Olympic Trials to qualify to represent the United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics.On September 3, 2018, she lowered her steeplechase PR to 9:10.27 winning at ISTASF in Berlin, becoming the third-fastest American woman ever. On June 30, 2019, she ran 9:11.41 to place seventh, and third American, in the star-studded Diamond League steeple at the Prefontaine Classic held in Stanford, California. At the 2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships, she finished first in the mile in 4:29.27 to become the 2019 Indoor Mile Champion. On February 27, 2020, <mask> ran a personal best of 8:28.71 in the 3000 meters at Boston University in a race made up of her Bowerman Track Club teammates Karissa Schweizer and Shelby Houlihan. This was faster than the previous American Record at this distance, 8:33.25 by Shalane Flanagan, but <mask> finished third behind her two teammates who also broke the record. In a Bowerman Track Club inter-squad meet on July 31st, 2020, <mask> competed as a member of the 4 x 1500 meter relay team alongside Elise Cranny, Karissa Schweizer, and Shelby Houlihan. The team ran a time of 16:27.02 which broke the previous world record of 16:33.58 from Team Kenya by over 6 seconds.<mask> announced on February 4th, 2021 that she would be leaving Bowerman Track Club and coach Jerry Schumacher to be coached by her former Florida State University coach Josh Seitz. NCAA
<mask> <mask> earned nine NCAA All-American honors while running for Florida State University. She won 2015 the NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships Steeplechase title. She won 2015 Division 1 Atlantic Coast Conference Outdoor Track 1500 meters title.Watch 1500 Final

<mask> earned 2015 Division 1 NCAA Indoor Women's Track and Field Championships Mile run bronze medal. She won 2015 Division 1 Atlantic Coast Conference Indoor Track Mile run and Distance medley relay titles. She won Boston University Terriers Invitational Mile run in a FSU record 4:29.67 and Distance medley relay titles. She won Auburn Tigers Invitational Mile run title.She won 2014 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship Regional Cross country running title. She won 2014 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship Atlantic Coast Conference Cross country running silver medal. She won 2014 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship Virginia Tech Hokies Invitational and Lehigh Mountain Hawks Invitational titles. She won 2014 Division 1 Atlantic Coast Conference Outdoor Track Steeplechase title. She won 2014 Division 1 Alabama Crimson Tide Invitational 1500 meters title. She won 2014 Division 1 Florida State Seminoles Invitational Steeplechase title. She won 2014 Division 1 Atlantic Coast Conference Indoor Track Mile run title.She won 2014 Division 1 Washington Huskies Classic Distance medley relay title. She won 2014 Division 1 Indoor Track University of New Mexico Invitational 800 meters title. She placed sixth 2013 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship national championships. She won 2013 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship Regional Cross country running title. She earned silver medal 2013 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship Atlantic Coast Conference Cross country running. She won 2013 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship Florida State Seminoles Invitational and earned Notre Dame Fighting Irish, Wake Forest Demon Deacons, Appalachian State Mountaineers Invitational silver medals. <mask> earned 2013 Division 1 NCAA Outdoor Women's Track and Field Championship Steeplechase silver medal.She placed twelfth 2012 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship national championships. She earned silver medal  at 2012 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship Regional championships. She placed fourth 2013 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship Atlantic Coast Conference Cross country running. She won 2013 NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship University of Louisville Cardinals Pre-national Invitational and won 2012 Notre Dame Fighting Irish Invitational title. She placed 4th at the Virginia Tech Hokies Invitational. <mask> earned fifth place at 2012 Division 1 NCAA Outdoor Women's Track and Field Championship Steeplechase. She earned a silver medal at 2012 Division 1 Atlantic Coast Conference Outdoor Track Steeplechase final.She earned fourth at 2012 Division 1 Atlantic Coast Conference Indoor Track Mile run title. High school
<mask> won 2010-11 Missouri Girls Track and Field Gatorade Player of the Year awards from Nerinx Hall High School. <mask> won 2011 Outdoor Missouri High School Athletic Association Class 4 State Meet 3200 and 1600 meters titles. <mask> earned 20th at 2010 Footlocker Cross Country Championships. During high school, <mask> was a model. References

External links

 <mask> <mask>'s Website

1992 births
Living people
American female middle-distance runners
American female steeplechase runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Florida State Seminoles women's track and field athletes
Olympic track and field athletes of the United States
Track and field athletes from St. Louis
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
USA Indoor Track and Field Championships winners

masks:
Colleen Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Colleen
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Quigley
Colleen
Quigley


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<mask> (; born 2 February 1952) is a French politician who served as Minister of Justice of France in the governments of Prime Ministers Jean-Marc Ayrault and Manuel Valls under President François Hollande from 2012 until 2016. She was a member of the National Assembly of France for French Guiana from 1993 to 2012 and member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 1999. She won the 2022 French People's Primary, winning the right to stand as a "unity left" candidate in the 2022 French presidential election. It's her second bid after the 2002 French presidential election where she failed to qualify to the second round after garnering only 2.32% of the votes in the first round. Early life
<mask> was born on 2 February 1952 in Cayenne, French Guiana, France, as one of 11 siblings and raised by a single mother. Among others, she is the sister of French politician <mask>, Secretary General of the Guianese Progressive Party. Taubira studied economics at Panthéon-Assas University, African American ethnology, sociology at Paris-Sorbonne University and food industry at the French Center for Agricultural Cooperation.Political career

Early beginnings
Having served as President of the Walwari Party, Taubira from 1993 served as a Deputy to the French National Assembly, being re-elected in 1997. Non-affiliated in 1993, she then voted in favour of the conservative Prime Minister Edouard Balladur to form a Cabinet of ministers in 1993. Member of the European Parliament, 1994–1999
In the 1994 European elections Taubira became a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), being the fourth on the Énergie Radicale list led by Bernard Tapie. In parliament, she served on the Committee on Development (1994-1997) and the Committee on Culture, Youth, Education and the Media (1997-1999). In addition to her committee assignments, she was part of the parliament's delegation for relations with the countries of South America. In June 1997 Taubira joined the Socialist Party (PS), and then-Prime Minister Lionel Jospin appointed her to head a government commission into gold mining in Guiana. Career in national politics
Taubira was the driving force behind a 21 May 2001 law that recognised the Atlantic slave trade and slavery as a crime against humanity.In 2002 <mask> was a Left Radical Party (PRG) candidate for the Presidency although she did not belong to the Party; she won 2.32% of the votes. After 2002 she became the party's vice-president. She was elected as its Deputy in the 2002 elections and chose to join the Socialists' group in the Assembly. In addition to her work in national politics Taubira served as a Regional Councillor of French Guiana from 2010 until 2012. Minister of Justice, 2012–2016
<mask> was nominated Minister of Justice by Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, following the victory of François Hollande in the 2012 elections. At the time, she was one of the few black, female politicians within a prominent ministry in the French government. She soon emerged as one of the most outspoken and progressive voices in the government.Taubira was initially supposed to work with Junior Minister Delphine Batho. However, their relationship quickly broke down being unable to share responsibilities. After the June 2012 Legislative elections, Batho was moved to become Minister of Ecology replacing Nicole Bricq, leaving Taubira in charge of the Ministry of Justice. She resigned her position as Minister of Justice on 27 January 2016 after a disagreement with President Hollande over policies related to the treatment of French Nationals convicted of terrorism. In 2013, Taubira voiced her support for land reforms in France's Caribbean territories as compensation for slavery. She also formally implemented an important electoral promise of François Hollande and introduced Law 2013-404, which legalised same-sex marriage in France. In 2014 Taubira successfully defied opposition parties' calls for her to quit after it emerged that she knew former President Nicolas Sarkozy's phone was being tapped, apparently contradicting an earlier statement from her.She reportedly considered resigning in August 2014, along with other left-wing cabinet members such as Arnaud Montebourg, in protest against Hollande's economic policies. Taubira resigned in January 2016 after openly disagreeing with the French president's proposal to strip French nationality from dual-citizens convicted of terrorism, a measure championed by Hollande in the wake of the terrorist attacks that shook Paris on 13 November; Minister of the Interior Manuel Valls had taken charge of the constitutional reform draft law, which would normally have been part of her portfolio. One week later, she published Murmures à la jeunesse, a book about this proposal. Later career
Despite being urged to join the race by supporters, Taubira chose not to run in the Socialist Party's 2017 presidential primary, and remained neutral in the contest; following his nomination Taubira later endorsed Benoît Hamon as the party's candidate for the 2017 French presidential election. In the second round of the presidential election she called on voters to rally behind Emmanuel Macron. Taubira formally announced her candidacy for the 2022 presidential election in January 2022  and won the "people's primary" intended to select a consensus left-wing candidate. Political views

Immigration
<mask> is a vocal critic of illegal immigration to French Guiana.In 2007 Taubira stated that "We are at an identity turning point. The ethnic Guyanese have become a minority on their own land" as a result of illegal immigration. In recent years Taubira has called for solidarity with refugees in Metropolitan France. Victim of racist attacks
Like other female ministers Taubira has faced many racist and sexist insults. Taubira allowed the Guyanese political party Walwari to make a direct citation in the Cayenne criminal court against Anne-Sophie Leclère, a candidate for the Front National who in October 2013 shared a racist cartoon comparing Taubira to a monkey on her Facebook page. Leclère was sentenced to nine months in prison and five years of ineligibility by the court before the judgement was quashed on appeal as Walwari's actions were deemed invalid. In September 2016 the Paris criminal court, which had opened an investigation when the facts were revealed, found Leclère guilty of the crime of public insult and sentenced her to a suspended fine of 3,000 euros.In November 2013 the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights condemned the comments, which it considered as racist attacks against Taubira, in particular those on the cover of the extreme right-wing weekly Minute, which featured her photo with the caption: "Clever as a monkey, Taubira finds the banana". The weekly rejected the accusation of racism, arguing that it merely used two French expressions, "the second of which - the part about the banana - is familiarly used to describe a person in good shape". The minister denounced comments of "extreme violence", denying her "belonging to the human race". The weekly's editor was sentenced to a fine of 10,000 euros for its front page on 30 October 2014. The public prosecutor's office appealed against the fine, saying that it was too lenient. Honours
<mask> holds a Dr. Sc. (honorary doctorate degree) in law and human rights from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.Personal life

Taubira has been married twice. She has four children with her second husband, Roland Delannon. They are divorced. Delannon is a separatist politician who founded the Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement; he was jailed for 18 months for planning to blow up an oil and gas facility in the 1980s. Books
  L'Esclavage raconté à ma fille ("Slavery explained to my daughter"), Paris, Bibliophane, coll. « Les mots à coeur », 2002 (réimpr. 2006), 165 p. ( et 2-86970-122-5).Codes noirs : de l'esclavage aux abolitions, Paris, Dalloz, coll. « A savoir », 2006, 150 p. () (introduction). Rendez-vous avec la République ("Meeting with the Republic"), Paris, La Découverte, coll. « Cahiers libres », 2006, 195 p. (). Égalité pour les exclus : le politique face à l'histoire et à la mémoire coloniales, Paris, Temps Présent, 2009, 93 p. (). Mes météores : combats politiques au long cours, Paris, Flammarion, 2012, 551 p. (). Paroles de liberté ("Words of Freedom"), Paris, Flammarion, coll. "Café Voltaire ", 2014, 138 p. (). Murmures à la jeunesse, 2016. Nous habitons la Terre, 2017, REY, 128 p. (). Nuit d'épine ("Thorny Night"), Paris, Plon, 2019, 288 p. (). Gran Balan, Paris, Plon, 2020, 480 p. (). References

External links

 Page on the French National Assembly website
 www.gouvernement.fr

1952 births
Living people
Black French politicians
Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election
French Guianan politicians
French Ministers of Justice
French people of French Guianan descent
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
LGBT rights activists from France
MEPs for France 1994–1999
20th-century women MEPs for France
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
People from Cayenne
Politicians of the French Fifth Republic
Radical Party of the Left MEPs
Walwari politicians
21st-century French women politicians
Women government ministers of France
French Guianan women in politics
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Female justice ministers

masks:
Christiane Marie Taubira
Taubira
Jean Marie Taubira
Taubira
Taubira
Taubira
Taubira


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Nikola Nakima Bogojevic (born December 21, 1991) is an American professional wrestler and singer. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name <mask>, and is one half of the WWE Raw Tag Team Champions with Chad Gable as Alpha Academy in their first reign. After signing with WWE in 2016, he was assigned to their developmental brand NXT, teaming with Tucker Knight as part of Heavy Machinery. They were promoted to WWE's main roster in 2018. During his time on the main roster, <mask> won the 2020 men's Money in the Bank ladder match. Prior to his professional wrestling career, Bogojevic was an amateur wrestler, winning the 2008 Greco-Roman junior Nationals in his weight class, the national title in the 2018 Junior Pan-American Games, and a bronze medal in Greco-Roman wrestling at the Pan-American Games, and was a prospect for the 2018 Olympic Games team, but was not chosen. In 2018, he was named the Rookie of the Year by Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI).Early life
Nikola Bogojevic was born on December 21, 1991 in Duluth, Minnesota, to parents of Serbian descent. Amateur wrestling career

Bogojevic attended Superior High School, where he was a successful amateur wrestler; he was the 2010 285lb undefeated WIAA State Champion. He was a champion at the 2009 Greco-Roman junior Nationals. He placed third at the 2009 Junior Freestyle championships. Originally committed to the University of Wisconsin, he wrestled at collegiate level for Augsburg College and Colorado State University-Pueblo. He won the national title in Greco-Roman wrestling at the Junior Pan-American Games in 2011 and a Greco-Roman bronze at the 2014 Pan-American Games. He was at one point considered a prospect for the U.S. Greco-Roman wrestling team at the 2012 Summer Olympics and spent some time training at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado.Professional wrestling career

Early career (2015–2016)
In 2015, Bogojevic trained to become a professional wrestler at the Mercury Pro Wrestling Academy in Arvada, Colorado. He wrestled under the ring name Dozer for several regional promotions in Colorado and Utah, including Ultra Championship Wrestling-Zero (UCW-Zero) and New Revolution Wrestling, where he won the NRW Charged Championship. WWE

Heavy Machinery (2016–2020)

Bogojevic was scouted by WWE scout Gerald Brisco, who specialized in scouting award-winning amateur wrestlers. On April 12, 2016, Bogojevic signed a contract with WWE and was assigned to the WWE Performance Center. He made his debut at a NXT house show on July 8, 2016, teamed with Adrian Jaoude in a loss to  The Authors of Pain (Akam and Rezar). During this time, he formed a tag team with Tucker Knight, calling themselves Heavy Machinery. In October, with he now renamed <mask>, the duo participated in the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic tournament, and they made their television debut on the October 19 episode of NXT, losing to the team of Austin Aries and Roderick Strong.The duo returned and had their first televised victory on the March 29, 2017 episode of NXT, defeating the team of Jonathan Ortagun and Mike Marshall. On the July 12 episode of NXT, Heavy Machinery unsuccessfully challenged The Authors of Pain for the NXT Tag Team Championship. In March 2018, Heavy Machinery once again participated in the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic tournament, but were eliminated by The Street Profits (Angelo Dawkins and Montez Ford) in the first round. On the December 19 episode of NXT, Heavy Machinery wrestled their final match on NXT, defeating Blake Howell and Danny D'Accardo. On December 17, 2018, it was announced that Heavy Machinery would be debuting on the main roster. They debuted on the January 14, 2019 episode of Raw, interrupting an interview between Alexa Bliss and Paul Heyman. The following week on Raw, they defeated The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) in their in-ring debut.In February, his ring name was shortened to <mask>, while Knight's ring name was shortened to Tucker. The duo made their pay-per-view debut at WrestleMania 35, where they both competed in the André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal, but neither would win the match. As part of the Superstar Shake-Up, Heavy Machinery was moved to the SmackDown brand. At Stomping Grounds on June 23, Heavy Machinery faced Daniel Bryan and Rowan for the SmackDown Tag Team Championship, but were unable to win the titles. The following month at Extreme Rules, Heavy Machinery again competed for the SmackDown Tag Team Championship, this time in a triple threat tag team match involving Bryan and Rowan, and The New Day (Big E and Xavier Woods), which The New Day won. At Crown Jewel on October 31, Heavy Machinery competed in a tag team turmoil match, but were eliminated by The New Day. At Survivor Series, Heavy Machinery participated in an interbrand tag team battle royal, which was won by Dolph Ziggler and Robert Roode.By the end of 2019, <mask> entered into a romantic storyline with Mandy Rose. On the February 14, 2020 episode of SmackDown, <mask> had a date with Rose, but Dolph Ziggler appeared in <mask>'s place during the date, the storyline then evolved into a love triangle involving a feud between <mask> and Ziggler over Rose. On the April 3 episode of SmackDown, it was revealed that Sonya Deville was working with Ziggler to keep <mask> from Rose. At WrestleMania 36, <mask> defeated Ziggler with the help of Rose, who kissed him after the match. On the May 1 episode of SmackDown, <mask> defeated Ziggler to qualify for the Money in the Bank ladder match. At the Money in the Bank pay-per-view, <mask> won the Money in the Bank ladder match, earning him a world title match at the time of his choosing. On the September 11 episode of Smackdown, <mask> and Tucker began a feud with John Morrison and the Miz after they stole the Money in the Bank briefcase from <mask>.However, the briefcase did not contain the Money in the Bank contract as the contract was inside <mask>' lunchbox. On the September 18 episode of SmackDown, <mask> was sued by Miz and Morrison and was told to relinquish the contract but <mask> refused and opted to go to court instead. As part of the 2020 Draft in October, <mask> remained on SmackDown, while Tucker was drafted to the Raw brand, disbanding the team,  however, on the October 19 Raw, <mask> tagged with Tucker but disguised under a mask and using the name El Gran Gordo. At Hell in a Cell, <mask> lost his Money in the Bank briefcase to the Miz, after Tucker betrayed him, hitting him with the briefcase. Alpha Academy (2020–present)
On the November 6 episode of SmackDown, <mask> would be defeated by Seth Rollins in a Survivor Series qualifying match. On the November 13 episode of Smackdown, <mask> would defeat Dolph Ziggler. Following this, <mask> would be confronted by Chad Gable who proposed to <mask> that he would help him discover his "Inner Alpha".On the November 20 episode of SmackDown, WWE Official, Adam Pearce would announce <mask> as the final member of the Men's SmackDown Survivor Series team. At Survivor Series, <mask> would go on to be eliminated by Braun Strowman and Team SmackDown would go on to lose in a clean sweep. On the November 27 episode of SmackDown, <mask> was set to have a match with King Corbin but was attacked with a steel chair by Jey Uso and the match was called off after <mask> could no longer compete. On the December 4 episode of SmackDown, <mask> would team with Kevin Owens to take on Roman Reigns and Jey Uso. In the match Reigns would attack <mask> thus making him unable to continue. <mask> and Kevin Owens would win the match via disqualification after Reigns who wasn't the legal man choked Owens out with his submission move. After SmackDown went off the air, Chad Gable was seen assisting <mask> to the backstage area.On the December 11 episode of SmackDown, <mask> teamed with Chad Gable in a losing effort to The Artist Collective. On the December 18 episode of Smackdown, <mask> would go on to defeat Shinsuke Nakamura. At TLC: Tables, Ladders and Chairs, the team of <mask>, Gable, Big E and Daniel Bryan would defeat Shinsuke Nakamura, Cesaro, King Corbin and Intercontinental Champion Sami Zayn in an eight-man tag team match. At the Royal Rumble, <mask> competed in his first rumble match but was quickly eliminated by King Corbin. On the February 19, 2021 episode of Smackdown, <mask> attacked Rey Mysterio at the orders of Gable after their tag team match, thus turning heel for the first time in his career. On the April 2 episode of SmackDown, <mask> and Chad Gable would team with the SmackDown Tag Team Champions Dolph Ziggler and Robert Roode to defeat The Street Profits (Montez Ford and Angelo Dawkins), Rey Mysterio and Dominik Mysterio in an eight-man tag team match. On Wrestlemania Smackdown, Gable and <mask> along with the previous three teams all participated in a Fatal Four-way Tag Team Match for Ziggler and Roode's championships, Ziggler and Roode ended up retaining.As part of the 2021 Draft, both <mask> and Gable were drafted to the Raw brand. On the January 10, 2022, episode of Raw, Alpha Academy defeated RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle) to win the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship, marking <mask>'s first championship in his WWE career. Professional wrestling style and persona
During his storyline with Mandy Rose in 2020, <mask> was shown as a shy man with problems when he talks to women, which Bogojevic admits is based on his real life personality. <mask> used The Caterpillar as a finishing maneuver during his matches when he was a babyface, which is very similar to Scotty 2 Hotty's finishing maneuver, The Worm. Other media
Bogojevic made his video game debut as a playable character in WWE 2K19, and has since appeared in WWE 2K20, and WWE 2K Battlegrounds. Filmography

Championships and accomplishments
New Revolution Wrestling
NRW Charged Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 151 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2021
Ranked No.69 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2020
Rookie of the Year (2017)
WWE
 WWE Raw Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Chad Gable
Money in the Bank (Men's 2020)

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
American male professional wrestlers
American male sport wrestlers
American people of Serbian descent
Sportspeople from Superior, Wisconsin
Augsburg Auggies wrestlers
CSU Pueblo ThunderWolves wrestlers

masks:
Otis
Otis
Otis Dozovic
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis
Otis


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<mask> 'Bisto' <mask> (born 31 December 1984) is a retired Irish footballer who played as a striker. Career

St. Patrick's Athletic
After raising eyebrows at youth level, Anto began his top-flight career by signing for St. Patrick's Athletic in 2005. With regular first team opportunities limited at the Inchicore side, <mask> was imminently loaned out for the majority of the 2005 season to First Division Athlone Town in order to gain valuable experience. <mask> returned to the Saints at the beginning of the 2006 season but found himself back in a similar situation. First team opportunities were again limited and he was eventually loaned out by Pats again, this time to Dublin rivals Shamrock Rovers in July 2006. Anto scored 3 league goals in 9 league appearances in the 2006 season including the opening goal in Rovers 1000th League win. Dundalk
After spending effectively two seasons on loan from St. Patrick's Athletic, Anto departed the Saints in December 2006 to sign for First Division Dundalk.<mask> made a bright start to his Dundalk career becoming a regular in the side and scored his first Dundalk goal in 6-2 victory against Athlone Town on 29 March 2007 at Oriel Park. Things took a sharp turn for the worse for <mask>'s Dundalk career in May 2007 when his contract was terminated by the club due to a 'breach of discipline'. Shelbourne
As a free agent, <mask> remained out of the game for two months until the next transfer window in July 2007 when he was snapped up by First Division side, Shelbourne, in order to boost their attacking options. He made his Shelbourne debut against Wexford Youths at Tolka Park on 6 July 2007. Anto ironically scored his first goal for Shelbourne against the club that had dismissed him a few short months previously, scoring the winner in a 1-0 victory over Dundalk at Tolka Park on 27 July 2007. He ended up scoring 11 goals for the Reds during the 2007 season, and the 2 goals he scored earlier in the season with Dundalk ensured he was tied with Davin O'Neill of Cobh Ramblers for the second top scorer in the First Division. <mask> was one of just four Shelbourne first team players who played in 2007 to be retained for the following season.A prolific start to the 2008 season saw <mask> hit the top of the goalscoring charts while Shels reached the top of the First Division table. Both Shels and <mask> could not maintain this form consistently over the course of the season as Shels were pipped to the title in the dying seconds of the season by Dundalk. <mask> finished 2nd in the 2008 First Division goalscoring charts with 14 goals. He returned to Shelbourne for their latest assault on the First Division title in 2009 where he scored 12 goals that season. After Shelbourne failed to achieve promotion with a 2nd-place finish in 2009, <mask> parted ways with the club after 3 seasons where he scored 38 goals in 83 competitive appearances. Galway United
Galway United announced on 18 March 2010 that they had signed <mask>. On 8 July 2010, <mask> was offered a contract at St Mirren on trial with a view to signing along with teammate Stephen O'Donnell but turned it down to join Örebro SK.Örebro SK
With not joining St Mirren, <mask> was told that there was a club in the Swedish top division of Allsvenskan that wanted him for a trial. On 28 July 2010, <mask> joined Örebro SK on trial. The club were searching for a new center forward since the departure of the Danish striker Kim Olsen. On 30 July, the club announced that they had signed <mask> on a short term contract until the end of the year. Bohemians
<mask> signed for Bohs in February 2011 just in time for the new season. He scored his first goal for the club on his League debut against Bray Wanderers on 4 March 2011 in the Carlisle Grounds. <mask> followed this good start by scoring the winner the following week against Drogheda United <mask> was a free agent at the end of the season.Southend United
On 13 January, <mask> signed a contract with Southend United until the end of the season, having impressed manager Paul Sturrock in a trial game earlier in the month.He was selected as a substitute for the game against Morcambe and made his first and only appearance for Southend as a 90th-minute substitute against Burton Albion. On 18 May 2012, <mask> was one of eleven players to be released at the end of their contract. Return to St. Patrick's Athletic
<mask> announced that he had rejoined his first professional club, St Patrick's Athletic, via his Twitter account. He was included in the Saints squad for the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League campaign, with the first round tie against Íþróttabandalag Vestmannaeyja from Iceland. <mask> made his debut in the 86th minute in the home leg and did well, holding up the ball to run down the clock to secure the 1-0 win. <mask>'s league debut for the club came against archrivals Shamrock Rovers in a Dublin derby that ended all square (1-1). Move to Australia
<mask> joined ESFA Premier League side, Dunbar Rovers in March 2014 to play alongside former League of Ireland players, Clive Delaney (Derry City), Thomas Crawley (Derry City) and Craig Mooney (Shelbourne).He made his debut in the Waratah Cup where he scored a hat-trick against Parramatta City in a 5-1 win. <mask> signed for the Marconi Stallions in 2015. Bray Wanderers
<mask> returned to Ireland from Australia in December 2016 and on 7 January 2017 it was announced that he had signed for Bray Wanderers for the 2017 season. Honours

Club

 League of Ireland (1):
 St Patrick's Athletic – 2013

Individual

 League of Ireland Player of the Month (1):
 St Patrick's Athletic – September 2013

References

External links
Anto <mask>'s profile at www.shelbournefc.com

Living people
1984 births
Association footballers from County Dublin
League of Ireland players
Allsvenskan players
Örebro SK players
Shelbourne F.C. players
Dundalk F.C. players
Galway United F.C. (1937–2011) players
Shamrock Rovers F.C.players
Athlone Town A.F.C. players
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Bohemian F.C. players
Bray Wanderers F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
English Football League players
Marconi Stallions FC players
Association football forwards
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland expatriate association footballers
Expatriate footballers in Sweden

masks: Anthony Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood Flood


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<mask> (4 May 1853 – 30 January 1933) was a French civil servant, colonial administrator and politician. He trained as a lawyer, then worked his way up the ranks in the Ministry of Commerce and then the Colonial Ministry. He was governor in turn of Martinique, French Guiana, French Sudan, French Congo and French Guiana for a second term. Although forceful, he lacked leadership skills and had poor judgement. In the French Sudan he was unable to stop the army from ignoring government instructions and pursuing a costly expansionist policy. He tried but failed to suppress slavery, at a time when the local troops often expected a share of booty in the form of slaves. After retiring he was Deputy of French Guiana from 1910 to 1919.Early years (1853–73)

<mask> <mask> was born in Saint-Fargeau, Yonne on 4 May 1853. His father was an employee of the Paris Octroi (shipment tax office). He earned a degree in law by the age of 18. He then joined the Ministry of Commerce for a career in the administration. He did his military service in 1873 in the 14th Infantry Regiment. Civil servant (1873–87)

<mask> quickly moved up through the hierarchy of the administration. He was a rédacteur in 1875 and deputy chief of office in 1881, when he served as deputy chief in the office of the Minister of Commerce.He was named a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1881. In 1882 he became chief of office, and in 1883 was appointed deputy director at the central office. In 1883 he transferred from the Ministry of Commerce to the Colonial Ministry. In January 1886 he was promoted to Officer of the Legion of Honour. In January 1887 <mask> was admitted the Paris Bar as a trainee advocate, but resigned after the probationary period in March 1887. In 1887 the Ministry of Commerce named him an Honorary Deputy Director. Colonial administrator (1887–1905)

Martinique and Guiana
<mask> was appointed Governor of Martinique in September 1887, serving for just over a year.He then went into the reserve for a few years. He gave his support to the Congrès colonial national that opened on 10 December 1889 with the goal of "creating permanent relations among the diverse societies that are occupied with colonial questions." This was an early step in creating the influential colonial lobby in France. In April 1891 he was appointed Governor of French Guiana. He was particularly interested in developing public education in the colony. He was recalled in 1893. In Martinique and French Guiana Grodet gained a reputation as a tough boss who would keep tight control over his subordinates.He also became known for poor judgement and mismanagement. Sudan
In 1893 Théophile Delcassé, Under-Secretary for Colonies, appointed <mask> commandant-supérieur of French Sudan in place of Louis Archinard in the hope of regaining control of the Sudanese budget and administration. Delcassé told Grodet, "the period of conquest and territorial expansion must be considered definitely at an end." <mask> was thought to be strong enough to face down the army officers, and certainly was not intimidated by them. He felt no need to be tactful. However, as a civilian Grodet had no control over his senior officers, who greeted him with "a wall of silence deliberately calculated to prevent me from taking any action." The code books had been removed so that he could not even monitor army communications.The only way he could have asserted his authority would have been to install civilians in key administrative posts, but this was impossible due to the unsettled state of the country. When <mask> reached Sudan the acting commandant-supérieur, Eugène Bonnier, had already left on an expedition against Timbuktu despite strict instructions by the government to the contrary. <mask> reached Kayes on the Senegal River on 26 December 1893. The same day Bonnier left Ségou  to the east on the Niger River bound for Timbuktu, which he expected to take without difficulty. Bonnier was following instructions he had been given by Archinard to continue the prepared plan for occupation of Timbuktu. At Mopti on 1 January 1894 a message reached Bonnier from <mask> ordering him to return to Ségou. Bonnier replied that his gunboats under Lieutenant Boiteux, which had gone in advance, had run into trouble at Kabara and he had to rescue them.On 5 January 1894 a furious <mask> sent letters that relieved Bonnier of his command. On 10 January 1894 Bonnier reached Timbuktu, which he entered without opposition, and joined Boiteux. Bonnier continued on from Timbuktu, and in the early morning of 15 January 1894 he and most of his column were massacred by a force of Tuaregs. Samori Ture made a treaty with <mask> in which the French were to pay him an annual tribute in return for peace, then retired to the area south of French Sudan along the borders of what are now Mali, Guinea and the Ivory Coast. The war against Samori continued at increasing cost. During the war the only way the French could maintain the loyalty of the tirailleurs was to give them plunder, which meant slaves. The French also depended on slaves as porters, and the liberty villages became pools of forced labour.The practice was clearly illegal under the French law of 1848, which said "the principal that the soil of France liberates the slave who touches it is applied to colonies and possessions of the Republic." <mask> wrote in September 1894, "I cannot admit that on territory of the Republic at the headquarters of a cercle, among the articles of purchase and of sale are representatives of the human species." <mask> asked that liberty villages be established where there were none, and complained strongly about distribution of slaves. In 1894 <mask> tried to abolish the practice, but his army commanders made every effort to ensure the tirailleurs did not hear of this, since they might desert. <mask> was anti-clerical and was disliked by the missionaries, but one of them wrote of him

Henri Gaden wrote of <mask> after dining with him on 7 February 1895 that he was "well received, polite and talkative... With the eye of a half-deranged person, he is impulsive. A droll individual. Not at all what is needed for the countries around here, despite the high opinion he has of himself.[He] found a very difficult situation here and much hostility, but he has managed to make the situation even worse in attracting everyone's rancour." In May 1895 Graden wrote "... what a blunder to appoint a civilian Governor in a colony where the Governor would be the only civilian; and an individual who knows absolutely nothing about the country! It is unimaginable!". <mask> was blamed for the lack of economic growth in the colony and for the defeat by Samori in the Ivory Coast of Parfait-Louis Monteil's Kong column. <mask> returned to France on leave in July 1895. He was replaced by Colonel Edgard de Trentinian. The Sudan was returned to military control as part of the newly formed French West Africa federation.Switzerland, Congo and Guiana

While waiting for his next posting <mask> assisted the French Ambassador in Bern during arbitration of the  Franco-Brazilian conflict over the borders of French Guiana, which had been referred to the President of the Swiss Confederation. In 1900 he was appointed Acting Governor of the Congo, holding office until 1902. He was again appointed Governor of French Guiana in 1903 and recalled in 1904. He retired from the colonial service in 1905. Later career (1905–33)

<mask> was readmitted to the Paris Bar on 2 August 1907, and enrolled in the Grand Tableau on 20 November 1907. He does not seem to have been very active in this occupation. On 24 April 1910 <mask> was elected Deputy of Guiana as an independent socialist in the first round.In the chamber he was mainly concerned with administrative organization and budgetary issues. He became in turn a member of the committees on External Affairs of the Protectorates and Colonies, on Economies, on Octrois, on Final Accounts and on the 1914 Budget. In 1911 he supported giving constitutional status to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. He was reelected in the first round on 26 April 1914. He continued to be much involved in budgetary issues, and made many speeches on the subject. Blaise Diagne, an indigenous Senegalese, was elected deputy for Senegal in 1914 despite protests about whether he had French nationality. He made his first speech in 1917, where he said that he had the right to serve as a deputy as a French citizen.The text of his speech was countersigned by  Louis-<mask> (Guiana), Paul Bluysen (French India), Joseph Lagrosillière, Gratien Candace (Guadeloupe), Georges Boussenot (Réunion), Achille René-Boisneuf (Guadeloupe), Henry Lémery (Martinique), Lucien Gasparin (Reunion) and Ernest Outrey (Cochinchina). In the 1919 general elections <mask> was defeated in the first round by Jean Galmot. He resigned from the Paris Bar on 19 October 1927, at the age of 74. <mask> died in Paris on 30 January 1933. Notes

Sources

Further reading

1853 births
1934 deaths
People from Yonne
Politicians from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Republican-Socialist Party politicians
Members of the 10th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 11th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
French Governors of Martinique
Governors of French Guiana
Colonial Governors of French Mali
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur

masks:
Louis Albert Grodet
Louis Albert
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Grodet
Albert Grodet
Grodet
Grodet


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<mask> (June 25, 1868 – February 20, 1957) was the wife of <mask>, an indefatigable organizer of his huge evangelistic campaigns during the first decades of the twentieth century, and eventually, an evangelistic speaker in her own right. Early life and marriage

<mask>, called "Nell" or "Ma" by her husband, was born to William and <mask> in Dundee, Illinois. Her father, a prosperous businessman and a staunch Presbyterian of Scottish heritage, moved the family to Chicago in 1869. As a teenager, Nell taught a Sunday School class at Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church, and by eighteen, she had been made supervisor of the Intermediate Department and was an influential member of the Christian Endeavor Society, the Presbyterian youth organization. Recognizing her executive abilities, her father sent her to business college, although her mother objected to such "unladylike" pursuits. According to an oft-repeated story, <mask> said that she had met <mask> at a church social shortly after his conversion to Christianity. <mask> at first objected to the noted White Stockings baseball player becoming the suitor of his daughter.Nevertheless, he softened, and the couple was married in the <mask> home on September 5, 1888. The Sundays had four children: <mask> (1890), George Marquis (1892), William Ashley Jr. (1901) and <mask> (1907). Evangelistic campaign manager

<mask> had left professional baseball for religious work in 1891, and by 1896, he had begun his own evangelistic career. Billy, who was naturally shy and who had suffered a series of losses as a child, leaned on Nell for emotional support as well as for such mundane chores as paying his bills, making his travel arrangements, and generally putting his affairs in order. Billy trusted Nell's "good horse sense" and averred that he had "never yet gone contrary to Mrs. Sunday's advice" without finding himself "up against it." In 1908, Nell and Billy agreed that she would travel with him, leaving the three younger children in the care of a nanny. Nell managed the campaign organization and energized the Sunday publicity machine.Her formidable manner "struck terror to the hearts" of those who tried to take advantage of her husband. Her loyalty and sincerity made her Billy's mainstay. Nell acted as a buffer between Sunday and the outside world, making it possible for him to concentrate on his preaching. It is doubtful that without her assistance he could have become the sensational attraction that he became. As Sunday's campaigns grew larger, Nell herself began to speak regularly at women's meetings and civic organizations, becoming a significant religious figure in her own right. She answered Sunday's voluminous mail, and for a few years at the height of her husband's popularity during World War I, Nell even wrote (or at least, had ghost written) a syndicated feature called "Mrs. Billy Sunday’s Column," in which she dispensed advice to women about such dangers to their womanhood as dancing and flirting. Nell Sunday supported greater opportunities for women, including women's work during World War I.In one column she wrote, "At last, the doors of the Doll House have been opened and women have been invited to come into the great world outside. The rest is in their own hands." Children

The Sundays’ three sons, pampered but largely reared by strangers, embarrassed their parents with their errant lifestyles. George was arrested for drunkenness and auto theft before he committed suicide in 1933. Billy Jr. died in an automobile accident in 1938; and Paul, a test pilot, died in an airplane crash in 1944. Furthermore, their oldest child, <mask>, though happily married, developed a degenerative disease and died of pneumonia in 1932. The boys’ ex-wives remained a continuing dilemma for the Sundays.Some blackmailed the evangelist to keep quiet about their son's infidelities. Others used gentler techniques to extract money, and Nell often provided friendly advice to the women when she responded with financial assistance. A career of her own

When <mask> died in 1935, Nell became the guardian of her husband's image while also embarking on her own 22-year ministry, preaching, encouraging young evangelists and raising money for Christian organizations, especially rescue missions such as the Pacific Garden Mission, where her husband had been converted. On one occasion she told Grace Theological Seminary President Alva J. McClain, who was introducing her, "You sit down now so I can talk to these young people about the Lord!" A "sketchy housekeeper," <mask> was noted for scavenging food for later meals when invited to dinner. Thriftier than anyone else in the Sunday family, Nell was nonetheless generous with both her time and her money, especially where she perceived a genuine need. Furthermore, she had a sense of humor that "helped her bear heavy tragedies and got her easily over some rough places."And she could laugh at herself as well as others. <mask> lived long enough to speak at early Billy Graham crusades, and she frequently visited Bob Jones College, where she was given an honorary degree in 1940. (A residence hall on the Greenville campus was also named in her honor.) In her later years, <mask> suffered from cataracts, heart attacks, and cancer. In 1957, she died in Phoenix, Arizona, where she had been spending the winter with her grandson, Paul Haines. Old friends conducted her funeral. After two eulogies, Bob Jones Jr. said, "I can hear Ma Sunday now saying, 'That's enough of this foolishness.Let's get down to business and talk about Jesus.'" Notes

External links
 Billy Sunday On-line Compiled by the pastor of King's Valley Chapel in Kingfield, Maine, this website contains Sunday sermons, images, audio, biographical timeline, and online bookstore. Billy Sunday Home Museum The Sunday family home, known as "Mount Hood", is located in Winona Lake, Indiana. The home is maintained as a museum by the Winona History Center at Grace College. The Morgan Library—Grace College holds the complete Sunday papers, and a near exhaustive collection of Sunday print materials including biographies, collected sermons, published campaign pieces, and over twenty-five Sunday dissertations and theses. Archives of the Billy Graham Center The Billy Graham Center has a large collection of Sunday images and content, including part of the Sunday papers on microfilm (Collection 61), Sunday ephemera (Collection 29), and campaign music (Collection 41). Ma Sunday's grave and

1868 births
1957 deaths
American evangelists
Women evangelists
People from Chicago
People from West Dundee, Illinois
American evangelicals
American people of Scottish descent
Burials at Forest Home Cemetery, Chicago

masks:
Helen Amelia Thompson Sunday
Billy Sunday
Helen Sunday
Ellen Binnie Thompson
Helen
Billy Sunday
William Thompson
Thompson
Helen Edith
Paul Thompson
Billy Sunday
Helen Haines
Billy Sunday
Nell Sunday
Nell Sunday
Nell Sunday


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<mask> (November 18, 1891—April 26, 1982) was an American political scientist. She specialized in the study of money in politics, United States presidential primaries, and comparative party systems, particularly those of Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. She was one of the first professors to teach government at Wellesley College, where she was a faculty member from 1925 until 1957, and helped to establish the Wellesley Department of Political Science in 1940. Education and early work
Overacker was born in Centreville (now Fremont), in the East Bay area around San Francisco, California. Her father owned a fruit growing business, but he later became a rancher, and the family moved to St. Helena, California, where Overacker attended high school. In 1911, she was admitted to Stanford University, which had opened the same year she was born. However, the school had limited women's attendance to only 500 at a time, and Overacker arrived in her first semester to discover that they had exceeded the cap and she was forced to return home.Enough women had dropped out by the start of the second semester that Overacker was able to attend, and she graduated successfully in 1915. She earned a BA in economics, with honors from Phi Beta Kappa. Overacker continued to study at Stanford with the political scientist Victor J. West, and she earned an MA in 1917 with a thesis entitled The Police Department of San Francisco. During WWI, Overacker worked as a clerk in the Bureau of War Risk Insurance within the United States Bureau of Efficiency. After the end of the war, she traveled around Europe with the YMCA to assist with administration there, before returning to Stanford in 1919. In 1920, she was offered a position as an instructor at Vassar College, which then had only one other political science instructor.Two years later she moved to the University of Chicago to obtain a PhD. There she studied with Charles Edward Merriam, and graduated in 1924. Her thesis focused on the study of American presidential primaries. According to Victoria Schuck, Overacker was one of only 19 women to complete a PhD in political science during the 1920s, out of about 200 political science degrees awarded during that period. Career
Overacker was offered a faculty position by the head of the political science department at the University of Indiana, but the position was vetoed by the university because the only available office would have to be shared with a man. Instead she obtained a position at Wilson College in Pennsylvania where she was an instructor in both government and economics for a year. In 1925 she moved to Wellesley College where she became an Assistant Professor in the History Department.Overacker was one of the first professors to teach political science at Wellesley, 15 years before a dedicated political science department was established there. Wellesley College has credited Overacker with playing a leading role in introducing a serious concentration on political science into the Wellesley history department, as well as in the subsequent founding of the political science department in 1940. Overacker helped to give the new political science department an early focus on practical topics like bureaucracy and government administration, in response to the academic disruptions caused by WWII. Together with her former PhD supervisor Charles Merriam, Overacker published the 1928 update and revision of Merriam's 1926 book on Primary Elections. When her former undergraduate advisor Victor J. West died in 1927, Overacker was invited to compile his lectures and notes into a book, which she published under the title Money in Elections in 1932. In 1945, Overacker was invited by Boston University to deliver the Gaspar G. Bacon lecture series; Victoria Schuck wrote that it was rare for a woman to be invited to deliver a named lecture series at that time.She chose to deliver lectures on the topic of campaign finance in America, and her lectures were compiled and published in the 1946 book Presidential Campaign Funds. Overacker also studied how the Great Depression affected the sources and quantities of funding for presidential campaigns, as well as research on the political activities of labor unions as campaign funding sources. Because of Overacker's early work on the topic of campaign finance, she was chosen by the Citizen's Research Foundation as one of the namesakes for their Overacker-Heard Campaign Finance Data Archive, later maintained by the Institute of Governmental Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1951, Overacker was awarded the John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1952, Overacker published The Australian party system. The book aimed to increase American interest in the party politics of Australia, specifically the relationship between the Australian Labor Party, the parties of the center-right, and the Communist Party of Australia. As a scholar of the American presidential primary system, Overacker was particularly interested in the pre-selection process in Australian presidential politics, which she viewed as the closest foreign analogue to American presidential primary elections.The Australian party system was one of the first investigations of Australian politics available to American political scientists, even though Australia had several distinctive features such as the combination of a Westminster system with an American-style single constitutional document, together with compulsory voting. <mask> retired from Wellesley in 1957, 32 years after her first appointment there. After her retirement, she held several temporary academic positions. She was the John Hay Whitney Visiting Professor at Bethany College in West Virginia during the 1957–1958 school year, a Visiting Scholar for Phi Beta Kappa from 1958 to 1960, and a substitute professor during 1960–1961 at the University of California, Los Angeles when a professor there was named Chancellor of The University of California at Santa Cruz and had to leave to lay out the new Santa Cruz campus. In 1963, Overacker taught at the Inter-American University in Puerto Rico. Before Overacker's death in 1982, the American Political Science Association had been preparing a special symposium in her honor. Overacker's influence on the early development on the discipline of political science has been noted political scientists, journalists, and university presidents like Victoria Schuck, Elizabeth Drew, and Nannerl O. Keohane.In citing her work, Robert Caro referred to Overacker as her "era's leading academic expert on campaign finance". Selected works
Primary Elections, 2nd edition, with Charles Merriam (1928)
Money in Elections, expanded from notes by Victor J. West (1932)
Presidential Campaign Funds (1946)
The Australian party system (1952)

Selected awards
John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, 1951
Namesake, Overacker-Heard Campaign Finance Data Archive

References

American women social scientists
American women political scientists
American political scientists
20th-century American women writers
1891 births
1982 deaths
Stanford University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Wellesley College faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
American women academics

masks:
Louise Overacker
Overacker


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<mask> I (died 29 BCE), also called Mariamne the Hasmonean, was a Hasmonean princess and the second wife of Herod the Great. She was known for her great beauty, as was her brother Aristobulus III. Herod's fear of his rivals, the Hasmoneans, led him to execute all of the prominent members of the family, including Mariamne. Her name is spelled Μαριάμη (Mariame) by Josephus, but in some editions of his work the second m is doubled (Mariamme). In later copies of those editions the spelling was dissimilated to its now most common form, Mariamne. In Hebrew, Mariamne is known as , (Miriam), as in the traditional, Biblical name (see Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron). Life
Mariamne was the daughter of the Hasmonean Alexandros, also known as Alexander of Judaea, and thus one of the last heirs to the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea.Mariamne's only sibling was Aristobulus III. Her father, Alexander of Judaea, the son of Aristobulus II, married his cousin Alexandra, daughter of his uncle Hyrcanus II, in order to cement the line of inheritance from Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, but the inheritance soon continued the blood feud of previous generations, and eventually led to the downfall of the Hasmonean line. By virtue of her parents' union, Mariamne claimed Hasmonean royalty on both sides of her family lineage. Her mother, Alexandra, arranged for her betrothal to Herod in 41 BCE  after Herod agreed to a Ketubah with Mariamne's parents. The two were wed four years later (37 BCE) in Samaria. Mariamne bore Herod four children: two sons, Alexandros and Aristobulus (both executed in 7 BCE), and two daughters, Salampsio and Cypros. A fifth child (male), drowned at a young age – likely in the Pontine Marshes near Rome, after Herod's sons had been sent to receive educations in Rome in 20 BCE.Josephus writes that it was because of Mariamne's vehement insistence that Herod made her brother Aristobulos a High Priest. Aristobulos, who was not even eighteen years old, drowned (in 36 BCE) within a year of his appointment; Alexandra, his mother, blamed Herod. Alexandra wrote to Cleopatra, begging her assistance in avenging the boy's murder. Cleopatra in turn urged Mark Antony to punish Herod for the crime, and Antony sent for him to make his defense. Herod left his young wife in the care of his uncle Joseph, along with the instructions that if Antony should kill him, Joseph should kill Mariamne. Herod believed his wife to be so beautiful that she would become engaged to another man after his death and that his great passion for Mariamne prevented him from enduring a separation from her, even in death. Joseph became familiar with the queen and eventually divulged this information to her and the other women of the household, which did not have the hoped-for effect of proving Herod's devotion to his wife.Rumors soon circulated that Herod had been killed by Antony, and Alexandra persuaded Joseph to take Mariamne and her to the Roman legions for protection. However, Herod was released by Antony and returned home, only to be informed of Alexandra's plan by his mother and sister, Salome. Salome also accused Mariamne of committing adultery with Joseph, a charge which Herod initially dismissed after discussing it with his wife. After Herod forgave her, Mariamne inquired about the order given to Joseph to kill her should Herod be killed, and Herod then became convinced of her infidelity, saying that Joseph would only have confided that to her were the two of them intimate. He gave orders for Joseph to be executed and for Alexandra to be confined, but Herod did not punish his wife. Because of this conflict between Mariamne and Salome, when Herod visited Augustus in Rhodes in 31 BCE, he separated the women. He left his sister and his sons in Masada while he moved his wife and mother-in-law to Alexandrium.Again, Herod left instructions that should he die, the charge of the government was to be left to Salome and his sons, and Mariamne and her mother were to be killed. <mask> and Alexandra were left in the charge of another man named Sohemus, and after gaining his trust again learned of the instructions Herod provided should harm befall him. Mariamne became convinced that Herod did not truly love her and resented that he would not let her survive him. When Herod returned home, Mariamne treated him coldly and did not conceal her hatred for him. Salome and her mother preyed on this opportunity, feeding Herod false information to fuel his dislike. Herod still favored her; but she refused to have sexual relations with him and accused him of killing her grandfather, Hyrcanus II, and her brother. Salome insinuated that Mariamne planned to poison Herod, and Herod had Mariamne's favorite eunuch tortured to learn more.The eunuch knew nothing of a plot to poison the king, but confessed the only thing he did know: that <mask> was dissatisfied with the king because of the orders given to Sohemus. Outraged, Herod called for the immediate execution of Sohemus, but permitted <mask> to stand trial for the alleged murder plot. To gain favor with Herod, Mariamne's mother even implied Mariamne was plotting to commit lèse majesté. Mariamne was ultimately convicted and executed in 29 BCE. Herod grieved for her for many months. Children
 son Alexander, executed 7 BCE
 son Aristobulus IV, executed 7 BCE
 daughter Salampsio
 daughter Cypros

Talmudic reference

There is a Talmudic passage concerning the marriage and death of Mariamne, although her name is not mentioned. When the whole house of the Hasmoneans had been rooted out, she threw herself from a roof and was killed.She committed suicide because Herod had spared her life, so that he could marry her. If he were to marry her, then he would be able to claim that he was not actually a slave, but rather that he had royal blood. Out of love for her, Herod is said to have kept her body preserved in honey for seven years. There is an opinion that he would use her to fulfill animalistic desires. In the Talmud this sort of action is called a "deed of Herod". Josephus relates also that after her death Herod tried in hunting and banqueting to forget his loss, but that even his strong nature succumbed and he fell ill in Samaria, where he had made Mariamne his wife. The Mariamne Tower in Jerusalem, built by Herod, was without doubt named after her; it was called also "Queen".Mariamne in the arts
She is remembered in De Mulieribus Claris, a collection of biographies of historical and mythological women by the Florentine author Giovanni Boccaccio, composed in 136162. It is notable as the first collection devoted exclusively to biographies of women in Western literature. From the Renaissance to contemporary times, there has been a long tradition of works of art (dramas, operas, novels, etc.) devoted to Mariamne and her relationship with Herod the Great. The list includes:

 Marianna (1565), an Italian drama by Lodovico Dolce
 The Tragedy of Mariam, the Faire Queene of Jewry (1613) an English drama by Elizabeth Tanfield Cary
 Herod and Antipater, with the Death of Faire Mariam (1622), an English drama by Gervase Markham and William Sampson
 Mariamne (1636), a French drama by François Tristan l'Hermite
 El mayor monstruo los celos (1637) a Spanish drama by Pedro Calderon de la Barca
 La mort des enfants d’Hérode; ou, Suite de Mariamne (1639), a French drama by Gathier de Costes de la Calprenède
 Herod and Mariamne (1673), an English drama by Samuel Pordage
 Herodes en Mariamne (1685), a Dutch translation of Tristan l'Hermit's play by Katharina Lescailje
 La Mariamne (1696), an Italian opera by Giovanni Maria Ruggeri (mus.) and Lorenzo Burlini (libr.) Mariamne (1723), an English drama by Elijah Fenton
 <mask> (1723), a French drama by Voltaire
 Mariamne (1725), a French drama by Augustin Nadal
 La Marianna (1785), an Italian ballet by Giuseppe Banti (chor.)Marianne (1796), a French opera by Nicolas Dalayrac (mus.) and Benoît-Joseph Marsollier (libr.) "Herod’s Lament for Mariamne" (1815), an English song by <mask> (mus.) and George Byron (libr.) Erode; ossia, Marianna (1825), Italian opera by Saverio Mercadante (mus.) and Luigi Ricciuti (libr.) Herodes und Mariamne (1850), a German drama by Christian Friedrich Hebbel
 Mariamne Leaving the Judgment Seat of Herod (1887), a painting by John William Waterhouse
 "Herod and Mariamne" (1888), an English poem by Amelie Rives
 Myriam ha-Hashmonayith (1891), a Yiddish drama by Moses Seiffert
 Tsar <mask>rod I tsaritsa Mariamna (1893), a Russian drama by Dmitri Alexandrov
 "Mariamne" (1911), an English poem by Thomas Sturge Moore
 Herodes und Mariamne (1922), incidental music by Karol Rathaus
 Lied der Mariamne (ohne Worte) (1927), incidental music by Mikhail Gnesin
 En Idealist (1929), a Danish drama by Kaj Munk
 Hordos u-Miryam (1935), a Hebrew novel by Aaron Orinowsky
 Herod and Mariamne (1938), an English drama by Clemence Dane
 <mask> (1967), a Swedish novel by Pär Lagerkvist

See also
1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees for the family history.Hasmonean Kingdom for the history the Hasmonean dynasty. Mariamne for the derivation of her name. Notes
Kiddushin 70 B

References
 Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 15.23–31, 61–85, 185, 202–246; Jewish War 1.241, 262, 431–444. Maurice J. Valency (1940). The Tragedies of Herod and Mariamne.New York: Columbia University Press. External links
Mariamne entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
Mariamne entry in Jewish Encyclopedia by Richard Gottheil and Samuel Krauss
Kittymunson.com, the Hasmonean Maccabeus Mariamne family tree

Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
Hasmonean dynasty
Herodian dynasty
29 BC deaths
Executed Roman women
Herod the Great
Executed royalty
People executed for attempted murder
Jewish royalty
1st-century BC executions
Year of birth unknown
1st-century BC women
1st-century BCE Jews
Ancient Jewish women

masks:
Mariamne
Mariamne
Mariamne
Mariamne
Mariamne
Isaac Nathan
I
Mariamne