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<mask> (; ; born 22 March 1966) is a German-born British composer and pianist. He works within postminimalism and in the meeting of contemporary classical and alternative popular musical styles. <mask> is classically trained, having graduated in composition from the Royal Academy of Music in London, and studied with Luciano Berio in Italy. <mask> arranges, performs, and composes music for stage, opera, ballet and screen. He has collaborated with other musicians, as well as with performance, installation and media artists. He has recorded eight solo albums, and his music is widely used in cinema, such as the score of Ari Folman's animated war film Waltz with Bashir (2008). As of December 2019, <mask> has passed one billion streams and one million album sales.Early life and career
<mask> was born in Hamelin, Lower Saxony, West Germany. He grew up in Bedford, England, United Kingdom, and his education was at Bedford Modern School and Mander College of Further Education. He studied composition and piano at the University of Edinburgh, the Royal Academy of Music, and with Luciano Berio in Florence. After finishing his studies, <mask> co-founded the contemporary classical ensemble Piano Circus. He stayed with the group for ten years, commissioning and performing works by minimalist musicians such as Arvo Pärt, Brian Eno, Philip Glass, Julia Wolfe, and Steve Reich. The ensemble was signed to Decca/Argo, producing five albums. In 1996, <mask> collaborated with Future Sound of London on their album Dead Cities, beginning as a pianist, but ultimately working on several tracks, as well as co-writing one track (titled <mask>).<mask> worked with the band for two years, also contributing to the albums The Isness and The Peppermint Tree and Seeds of Superconsciousness. In 2000, <mask> worked with Mercury Prize winner Roni Size on the Reprazent album In the Møde. <mask> produced Vashti Bunyan's 2005 album Lookaftering and Kelli Ali's 2008 album Rocking Horse. Solo work
<mask>'s solo albums include:

Memoryhouse (2002)
Considered a "landmark work of contemporary classical music", <mask>'s solo debut Memoryhouse, an experimental album of "documentary music" recorded with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, explores real and imaginary stories and histories. Several of the tracks, such as "Sarajevo", "November", "Arbenita", and "Last Days", deal with the aftermath of the Kosovo conflict, while others are of childhood memories (e.g. "Laika's Journey"). The music combines ambient sounds, voices (including that of John Cage), and poetry readings from the work of Marina Tsvetaeva.BBC Music described the album as "a masterpiece in neoclassical composition." Memoryhouse was first played live by <mask> at the Barbican Centre on 24 January 2014 to coincide with a vinyl re-release of the album. Pitchfork gave the re-release an 8.7 rating, commenting on its extensive influence:In 2002, <mask>’s ability to weave subtle electronics against the grand BBC Philharmonic Orchestra helped suggest new possibilities and locate fresh audiences that composers such as Nico Muhly and Michał Jacaszek have since pursued. As you listen to new work by Julianna Barwick or Jóhann Jóhannsson, thank <mask>; just as Sigur Rós did with its widescreen rock, <mask> showed that crossover wasn't necessarily an artistic curse. The Blue Notebooks (2004)
Chosen by the Guardian as one of the best Classical works of the century, The Blue Notebooks, released in 2004, featured the actress Tilda Swinton reading from Kafka's The Blue Octavo Notebooks and the work of Czesław Miłosz. <mask> has stated that The Blue Notebooks is a protest album about the Iraq War, as well as a meditation on his own troubled childhood. Pitchfork described the album as "Not only one of the finest record of the last six months, but one of the most affecting and universal contemporary classical records in recent memory."To mark the 10th anniversary of its release, <mask> created a track-by-track commentary for Drowned in Sound, in which he described the album as a series of interconnected dreams and an exploration of the chasm between lived experience and imagination. The second track, "On the Nature of Daylight", is used in both the opening and closing sequences of the sci-fi film Arrival, and the soundtrack for Martin Scorcese's Shutter Island. On the eve of its 2018 re-issue, marking the 15th anniversary of its release, Fact named the album "one of the most iconic pieces of classical and protest music of the 21st century." The re-release included a new cover design and several new tracks that were originally composed for the project. <mask> also released another single, "Cypher", which is an 8 minutes classical-electronic track based upon the theme of "On the Nature of Daylight". Songs from Before (2006)
In 2006, he released his third solo album, Songs from Before, which features Robert Wyatt reading texts by Haruki Murakami. 24 Postcards in Full Colour (2008)
<mask> released his fourth solo album 24 Postcards in Full Colour, a collection of 24 classically composed miniatures for ringtones, in 2008.The pieces are a series of variations on the basic material, scored for strings, piano, and electronics. Discussing the album with NPR Classical in 2017  <mask> stated "People were downloading ringtones at the time and I felt this was a missed opportunity for composers. That there was a space opening up, maybe a billion little loudspeakers walking around the planet, but nobody was really thinking of this as a space for creative music. So I set out to make these tiny little fragments and then, of course, in the poetic sense, the idea of these little sound carrying objects traversing the planet, I started to think of these as a connection, as a sort of postcard into somebody's life, into their space." Infra (2010)
<mask>'s 2010 album Infra takes as its central theme the 2005 terrorist bombings in London, and is an extension of his 25-minute score for a ballet of the same name choreographed by Wayne McGregor and staged at the Royal Opera House. Infra comprises music written for piano, electronics and string quintet, plus the full performance score and material that subsequently developed from the construction of the album. Pitchfork described the album as "achingly gorgeous" and The Independent newspaper characterised it as "a journey in 13 episodes, emerging from a blur of static and finding its way in a repeated phrase that grows in loveliness."Recomposed by <mask>: Vivaldi – The Four Seasons (2012)
<mask>'s recomposed version of Vivaldi's The Four Seasons, Recomposed by <mask>: Vivaldi – The Four Seasons, was premiered in the UK at the Barbican Centre on 31 October 2012, performed by the Britten Sinfonia, conducted by André de Ridder and with violinist Daniel Hope. Although <mask> said that he had discarded 75% of Vivaldi's original material, the parts he does use are phased and looped, emphasising his grounding in postmodern and minimalist music. The album topped the iTunes classical chart in the UK, Germany and the US. The US launch concert in New York at Le Poisson Rouge was recorded by NPR and streamed. Sleep and  From Sleep (2015)
In 2015, <mask> released his most ambitious project to date, Sleep, an 8.5 hour listening experience targeted to fit a full night's rest. The album itself contains 31 compositions, most of them reaching 20–30 minutes in duration, all based around variations of 4-5 themes. The music is calm, slow, mellow and composed for piano, cello, two violas, two violins, organ, soprano vocals, synthesisers and electronics.Strings are played by the American Contemporary Music Ensemble (Ben Russell, Yuki Numata Resnik, Caleb Burhans, Clarice Jensen and Brian Snow), vocals are by Grace Davidson, and the piano, synthesisers and electronics are played by <mask> himself. <mask> also released a 1-hour version of the project, From Sleep, that contains roughly 1 shortened version of every "theme" from Sleep (hence its title), and is supposed to act as a shorter listening experience for the Sleep project. <mask> has described Sleep as an eight-hour-long lullaby. It was released on CD and vinyl. The work was strongly influenced by Gustav Mahler's symphonic works. The entire composition was performed on 27 September 2015, from midnight to 8:00 A.M. as the climax of the "Science and Music" weekend on BBC Radio 3. The performance broke several records, including the longest live broadcast of a single musical composition in the history of the network.Sleep was chosen by Jarvis Cocker to be the BBC Radio 6 Album of the year for 2015 and by Pitchfork as one of the 50 best ambient albums of all time. The full-length Sleep has been played live by <mask> at the Concertgebouw (Grote Zaal) Amsterdam; the Sydney Opera House; in Berlin (as part of Berliner Festspiele's Maerz Musik Festival), in Madrid (as part of Veranos de la Villa) and in London (at the Barbican). In November 2017,  Sleep was played at the Philharmonie de Paris. Sleep was performed for its first outdoor performance and largest performance to-date in Los Angeles, CA on 27–28 July and 28–29 July 2018. The performance took place in Grand Park, opposite Los Angeles Music Center. Each performance had 560 beds and was timed so the final movement, "Dream 0 (till break of day)" would occur at dawn. <mask> played with members of the American Contemporary Music Ensemble.In September 2018 it was played in the Antwerp cathedral for an audience of 400 which were provided with beds for the night. In August 2019 it was performed in Helsinki, as part of the Helsinki Festival, in the tent arena, with half the audience in two-person tents. "I think of it as a piece of protest music," <mask> has said. "It’s protest music against this sort of very super industrialised, intense, mechanised way of living right now. It’s a political work in that sense. It’s a call to arms to stop what we’re doing. Three Worlds: Music from Woolf Works (2017)
Three Worlds: Music From Woolf Works is <mask>’s eighth album, released in January 2017.The music is taken from the score <mask> composed for the ballet Woolf Works in collaboration with choreographer Wayne McGregor at the Royal Opera House in London, which follows a three-part structure offering evocations of three books by Virginia Woolf (Mrs Dalloway, Orlando, and The Waves). The album features classical and electronic sound as well as an original voice recording of Woolf herself. Voices (2020)
<mask>'s Voices is inspired by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and features an  'upside down' orchestra, a concept he developed to reflect his dismay of post-truth politics in the 21st century. The album contains readings of the declaration by Eleanor Roosevelt and actress Kiki Layne, with a further 70 readings crowd-sourced from around the world. The opening piece on the album was played by Yo-Yo Ma at his concert "A New Equilibrium" honouring the 75th anniversary of the UN's creation. Exiles (2021)

Film and television work
<mask> has created numerous film and television soundtracks over the years. He rose to prominence with his score to Ari Folman's Golden Globe-winning film Waltz with Bashir in 2007, in which he supplanted a standard orchestral soundtrack with synth-based sounds and winning him the European Film Award for Best Composer.He also scored the independent feature film Henry May Long, starring Randy Sharp and Brian Barnhart, in 2008, and wrote the music for Feo Aladag's film Die Fremde (with additional music by Stéphane Moucha). In 2010, Dinah Washington's "This Bitter Earth" was remixed with <mask>'s "On the Nature of Daylight" for the Martin Scorsese film Shutter Island. In July 2010, "On the Nature of Daylight" and "Vladimir's Blues" were featured throughout the BBC Two two-part drama Dive, which was co-written by BAFTA-winning Dominic Savage and Simon Stevens. "On the Nature of Daylight" was also featured in an episode of HBO's television series Luck. Four tracks—"Europe, After the Rain", "The Twins (Prague)", "Fragment", and "Embers"—were used in the six-part 2005 BBC documentary Auschwitz: The Nazis and the Final Solution produced by Laurence Rees. <mask> also wrote the soundtrack to Peter Richardson's documentary, How to Die in Oregon, and the score to Impardonnables (2011) directed by André Téchiné. An excerpt of the song "Sarajevo" from his 2002 album Memoryhouse was used in the international trailer for the Ridley Scott film Prometheus.The track "November", from the same album, was featured in the international trailer for Terrence Malick's 2012 film, To the Wonder, and in the trailer for Clint Eastwood's 2011 film, J. Edgar. Films featuring <mask>'s music released in 2011 include French drama Sarah's Key by Gilles Paquet-Brenner and David MacKenzie's romantic thriller Perfect Sense. In 2012 he composed the scores for Henry Alex Rubin's Disconnect and Cate Shortland's Australian-German war thriller Lore. <mask> again collaborated with Folman on The Congress, which was released in 2013. <mask> composed the original soundtrack for the HBO series The Leftovers, created by Damon Lindelof and Tom Perrotta, which was premiered in June 2014. Some of these compositions are included in the albums Memoryhouse and The Blue Notebooks. He also composed the score for the WW1 feature film Testament of Youth in 2014.In 2016, <mask> composed the score to "Nosedive", an episode of Charlie Brooker's Black Mirror. Also that year, he scored Luke Scott's debut feature Morgan and the political thriller Miss Sloane, while his piece "On the Nature of Daylight" opened and closed Denis Villeneuve's film Arrival. "On the Nature Of Daylight" also closes episode 7 of Castle Rock, "The Queen". He composed all the music in BBC One's drama Taboo which was broadcast in January and February 2017. In 2017, The Current War used Ritcher's "Spring 1". In 2017, documentary film maker Nancy Buirski used the track combining Dinah Washington's "This Bitter Earth" with <mask>'s "On The Nature of Daylight", first heard in Shutter Island, in her film The Rape of Recy Taylor. In December 2017, an excerpt of Recomposed by <mask>: Vivaldi – The Four Seasons was used in The Crown season 2 as the theme for Princess Margaret's (Vanessa Kirby) turbulent courtship with photographer Anthony Armstrong-Jones (Matthew Goode).In 2018, <mask> composed music for the films Hostiles by Scott Cooper starring Christian Bale and Rosamund Pike, White Boy Rick starring Matthew McConaughey, the German film Never Look Away, and Mary Queen of Scots starring Saoirse Ronan and Margot Robbie. He also composed music for the mini-series My Brilliant Friend on HBO. In 2019, <mask> scored the film Ad Astra starring Brad Pitt with additional music by Nils Frahm and Lorne Balfe. An excerpt of his rendition of Dona nobis pacem was used for the fifth season of the BBC series Peaky Blinders created by Steven Knight. Ballet, opera and stage works
<mask> wrote the score to Infra as part of a Royal Ballet-commissioned collaboration with choreographer Wayne McGregor and artist Julian Opie. The production was staged at the Royal Opera House in London in 2008. In 2011, <mask> composed a chamber opera based on neuroscientist David Eagleman's book Sum: Forty Tales from the Afterlives.The opera was choreographed by Wayne McGregor and premiered at the Royal Opera House Linbury Studio Theatre in 2012. The piece received positive reviews, with London's Evening Standard saying "[it] fits together rather beautifully". Their collaboration continued in April 2014 with Wayne McGregor's 'Kairos'; a ballet set to <mask>'s recomposition of the Four Seasons and part of a collaborative program involving three different choreographers titled 'Notations' with Ballett Zürich. In 2015 <mask> and McGregor collaborated again on a new full-length ballet, Woolf Works, based on the life of Virginia Woolf. Crystal Pite has also choreographed a ballet to <mask>'s Vivaldi Recomposed, titled The Seasons' Canon, which premiered at the Opera National de Paris in 2016. Sol Leon and Paul Lightfoot choreographed a piece to <mask>'s "Exiles" for the Nederlands Dans Theater. In 2012/13, <mask> contributed music to The National Theatre of Scotland's production of Macbeth, starring Alan Cumming.The play opened at New York's Lincoln Centre and subsequently moved to Broadway. The company had previously used <mask>'s "Last Days" in their acclaimed production of Black Watch. Other collaborations
In 2010, <mask>'s soundscape The Anthropocene formed part of Darren Almond's film installation at the White Cube gallery in London. The composer has also collaborated with digital art collective Random International on two projects, contributing scores to the installations Future Self (2012), staged at the MADE space in Berlin, and Rain Room (2012/13) at London's Barbican Centre and MOMA, in New York. Solo discography

Studio albums

Scores

Awards and nominations

See also
List of postminimalist composers
Music and sleep

References

External links

 Review of Infra in Tokafi Magazine
 Review of Infra in Nowness magazine
 <mask> is a Composer Dumbo Feather magazine, 2012

21st-century classical composers
Animation composers
European Film Award for Best Composer winners
Postminimalist composers
Experimental composers
English film score composers
English male film score composers
German film score composers
German male composers
English contemporary pianists
German pianists
German emigrants to England
1966 births
Deutsche Grammophon artists
Living people
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
People educated at Bedford Modern School
20th-century German musicians
20th-century English composers
People from Bedford
People from Hamelin
English male composers
21st-century German composers
British male pianists
21st-century pianists
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male musicians

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<mask>, (1801–1863), U. S. Army officer, who served in the U.S. Cavalry, in the antebellum Indian Wars, Mexican–American War, and American Civil War. Early life
<mask> was born 1 Oct 1801 in Washington D.C. His father, <mask>, born 9 Aug 1751 in Maryland was a career officer, who in 1814, was a major of artillery stationed at Fort McHenry. His mother was Elizabeth Waugh Jones, born 14 May 1764 in Baltimore, Maryland  On March 25, 1814, at age thirteen years and five months, Ben was admitted to West Point. In June 1818, Cadet <mask> was ranked 16th out of 19 cadets in his section. Despite having spent four years at the military academy, he was placed in the third (sophomore) class. For this reason he decided to drop out of West Point, but in later years he continued with his military career. In 1818, with the aid of some influential friends of his late father, <mask> secured a clerkship with the War Department, where he would remain for the next 18 years.<mask> would recount how he arrived at the Military Academy a brash youth, fully "equipped with a pointer and a liquor flask." <mask> described his new cadet uniform as consisting of an "embroidered coat, tights, high top boots with tassels, cocked hat & sword" and mentioned how he almost got into a fist-fight in New York with a street urchin who had taunted him by "singing out 'there goes a middy on half pay.'" (Staff Records, (Proceedings of the Academic Board) U.S. Military Academy for June 1818, U.S. Military Academy Cadet Application Papers, 1805–1866 and Orders of the Adjutant for 16 October 1818, U.S. Military Academy, NARA RG 688. See also George Stammerjohan and Will Gorenfeld, '”Dropped from the Rolls: The West Point Years of <mask>: 1814–1818”, Military Collector & Historian, Spring 2002, vol. 54, no. 1, 16.) On June 13, 1825 <mask> married Elizabeth Taylor, daughter of George Taylor and Mary Ann (LNU).She was born in Virginia in 1802. They would become the parents of five sons and two daughters. Seminole <mask> was elected captain of the Washington City Volunteers for service in the Seminole War on June 1, 1836, and entered the army from civil life on the June 8, 1836, as Captain in the Second Dragoons. Shortly afterward the U.S. 2nd Dragoon Regiment, was formed to fight the Seminole Indians, with Company I, under Captain <mask><mask>, who entered the army from civil life on June 8, 1836. Associated with its first Colonel Twiggs were some subordinate officers who also did much to encourage this spirit in the regiment. Among these none were more prominent than Captain <mask>, familiarly known to the army as "Old <mask>," of whom at the close of the Florida War General Worth officially reported that he "has met the enemy in this contest, oftener, perhaps, than any other officer" and "is brave and generous." The foe overcome, the tedious trail retraced, horses and men cared for, and where was the man who made social history more racy or gave entertainment more varied than "Old Ben"?Captain <mask> was brevetted major on March 15, 1837, "for gallantry and successful service" against the Florida Indians. Western service and Mexican War
In Baton Rouge, La., on Thursday evening,  November 17, 1842 Lieutenant Theodoric Henry Porter, U.S. Infantry, (son of Commodore Porter), was married to <mask> <mask>, daughter of the Captain <mask> <mask>, while he was stationed at Fort Washita on the Red River. In April 1846 <mask> was stationed in San Antonio, where he was ordered to escort German immigrants to Fredericksburg and the Pedernales River. During the Mexican–American War, <mask> was promoted from captain of the Second Dragoons to major of the U.S. 1st Dragoon Regiment on February 16, 1847. On March 16, 1848, received a second brevet, to lieutenant colonel, for his part in the Battle of Santa Cruz de Rosales. (Will Gorenfeld, “The Cowpens Slaughter: Was There a Massacre of Mexican Troops at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Rosales?” 81 New Mexico Historical Review, 413 (Fall 2006).) After the Mexican War <mask> was stationed in New Mexico Territory until February 1848, in command of the district of New Mexico.He made one or two trips into the field with Kit Carson as his guide, in ineffectual pursuits of marauding Apaches. In February 1848, he took the First Dragoons to El Paso and established Fort Bliss, remaining at the new post for only a few months; he was not responsible for any of its construction. Western Service and Civil War
<mask> served for several more years on the western frontier. He was promoted lieutenant colonel of the First Dragoons Regiment on March 3, 1855. The Department of California was commanded by Lt. Colonel <mask><mask>, who had assumed command, by seniority of rank, on the death of General Newman S. Clarke, on October 17, 1860. At the beginning of the Civil War, Colonel Thomas T. Fauntleroy resigned as colonel of the First Dragoons Regiment on May 13, 1861, and was succeeded by <mask>, who was promoted to colonel on May 3, 1861.On August 3, 1861, the designation of the First Dragoons Regiment was changed to "First Regiment of Cavalry". From September 13, 1861, to October 23, 1861, Colonel <mask><mask>, commanded the District of Oregon, replacing George Wright as its commander. During November and December 1861, the First Regiment of Cavalry, except Companies D and G which were still stationed in New Mexico Territory, was transferred by steamship from the Pacific Coast through Panama and then to Washington, D.C., arriving by the end of January 1862. Colonel <mask> was retired February 1, 1862, and was succeeded by Colonel George A.H. Blake, as commander of the Regiment. Colonel <mask> retired from active duty on February 15, 1862, and died in Maryland on August 16, 1863. References

Albert G. Brackett, History of the United States Cavalry (New York: Harper, 1865). Francis B. Heitman, Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army (2 vols., Washington: GPO, 1903; rpt., Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1965).1801 births
1863 deaths
People from Washington, D.C.
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
American people of the Indian Wars
People of Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army colonels
Union Army colonels
<mask> family of Maryland

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<mask> (August 12, 1919 – November 12, 1964) was an American professional baseball player, a major league pitcher for the Detroit Tigers, and the manager for three major league teams. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, <mask> was stricken with fatal lung cancer at the height of his managerial career as leader of the pennant-contending 1964 Cincinnati Reds. He was commemorated one year after his death when his surgeon brother, Dr. <mask> (1909–1997), created the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, as a division of the Pacific Northwest Research Foundation. The "Fred Hutch", which became independent in 1975, is now one of the best-known facilities of its kind in the world. Early years
Born in Seattle, <mask> was the youngest son of Dr. <mask>  and <mask>  Both were born in Wisconsin and they relocated to Seattle in 1907. A graduate of the medical school at Marquette University in Milwaukee, he was a general practitioner in the Rainier Beach area in the southeast part of Seattle. The oldest of the four <mask> children was daughter Mary Joy (Crosetto) (1904–1989).Sons Bill and John were older than <mask> by 10 and seven years, respectively, and both played baseball at Franklin High School and at the University of Washington in Seattle under head coach Tubby Graves. Bill captained the 1931 Huskies team which won the Pacific Coast Conference title and John (1912–1991) later played in the St. Louis Browns organization. The older brothers mentored young <mask> in the game and fostered a competitive spirit; they even taught him to hit left-handed to reach first base quicker. A catcher until he was 15, <mask> starred as a right-handed pitcher, catcher, first baseman, outfielder, and left-handed hitter at Franklin. He led the Quakers to four city championships and played American Legion ball in the summer. Pitching career
<mask>, known throughout baseball as Hutch, played semi-pro ball in 1937 in Yakima, attended UW briefly, then entered the organized baseball ranks in 1938 with the unaffiliated Seattle Rainiers of the AA Pacific Coast League. He caused an immediate sensation at age 19, winning a league-best 25 games and receiving The Sporting News Minor League Player of the Year Award.Several teams were interested in him, including the Pittsburgh Pirates. After his contract was purchased by the Detroit Tigers of the American League for players and cash, <mask> struggled in his early major league career with a 6–13 record and an earned-run average of 5.43 during the 1939–1941 seasons. His ineffectiveness caused his return to the minor leagues in each season. In 1941, at Buffalo of the AA International League, he enjoyed another stellar campaign, leading the league in victories (26) and innings pitched (284). A successful Major League career seemed to await <mask>, then 22, when the U.S. entered World War II. He saw active duty in the U.S. Navy, rose to the rank of lieutenant commander, and lost four full seasons (1942–1945) to military service. In 1946, <mask> – approaching 27 – returned to baseball with a vengeance, winning a place in the defending World Series champion Tigers' starting rotation and beginning a string of six straight campaigns of 10 or more wins, including seasons of 18 (1947) and 17 victories (1950).He was selected to the 1951 American League All-Star team, and pitched three innings in an 8–3 loss at the Tigers' home park, Briggs Stadium. In 11 major league seasons, <mask> compiled a 95–71 () career record and a 3.73 earned run average, all with Detroit – a stellar mark considering his early-career mishaps. Appearing in 242 games, 169 as a starting pitcher, and 1,464 innings pitched, he allowed 1,487 hits and 388 bases on balls. He amassed 591 strikeouts, 81 complete games, and 13 shutouts, along with seven saves. He led the American League in WHIP in , a season in which <mask>'s 2.96 ERA was fourth in the league. <mask> was known as a ferocious competitor. "His displays of temper became legendary in the American League", wrote Sports Illustrated in 1957."'I always know how Hutch did when we follow Detroit into a town,' cracked Yankee catcher Yogi Berra. 'If we got stools in the dressing room, I know he won. If we got kindling, he lost.'" He also was one of the best-hitting pitchers of his time; a left-handed batter, he frequently pinch-hit and batted over .300 four times during his major league career. His career batting average was .263, with 171 hits, four home runs and 83 runs batted in — excellent totals for a pitcher. On a dubious note, he is also recalled as the pitcher who gave up the longest homer in Ted Williams' career, a  blast on June 9, 1946, that broke the straw hat of a startled fan sitting in Fenway Park's right-center-field bleachers. The seat where the home run landed has been painted red since to mark the long ball.<mask> led the AL in home runs allowed with 32 during the  season. Career as manager

Detroit Tigers
A slow decline in <mask>'s pitching career coincided with an alarming drop in the fortunes of his usually contending Tigers. On July 5, 1952, with Detroit in the surprising position of last place in the eight-team American League, the club fired manager Red Rolfe and handed the job to <mask>, still an active player and five weeks shy of his 33rd birthday. <mask> was chosen based on his leadership skills; he had been the AL's Player Representative since 1947. <mask> managed the Tigers for the next 2½ years, serving into 1953 as a playing manager. He guided them from their eighth-place finish in 1952 to sixth and fifth place during the next two seasons. His reign included the  debut of future Baseball Hall of Fame outfielder Al Kaline.However, Detroit's ownership and front office were in flux; at the end of 1954, <mask> asked for a two-year contract, through 1956, and was only offered a single season deal. He left the Tigers, ending a 16-year association with the team. Seattle Rainiers
Out of the majors for the first time since , <mask> went home to Seattle and the Rainiers of the PCL, becoming their manager in 1955. Even though the club did not enjoy a major league affiliation, <mask> led Seattle to a 95–77 record and a first-place finish. His success led to his second major league managerial job when he replaced Harry Walker as skipper of the St. Louis Cardinals shortly after the 1955 season. St. Louis Cardinals

The Cardinals, one of baseball's storied franchises, had fallen into the second division. With general manager "Frantic" Frank Lane constantly revamping the roster through trades and <mask>'s steady hand at the helm, the Cardinals improved by eight games in 1956, and catapulted to second place in the National League in 1957, behind only the eventual world champion Milwaukee Braves.<mask> won The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award, and his popularity in the Mound City resulted in a new nickname, "The Big Bear", bestowed by Cardinal broadcaster Joe Garagiola. <mask>'s typical unsmiling expression also led Garagiola to joke that <mask> was "a happy guy inside, only his face didn't show it." He was given a raise in his one-year contract for the next season, however, Lane's departure from the front office and the Cardinals' disappointing season resulted in <mask>'s dismissal; it came on September 17, with the team six games below .500 and in fifth place. Lane's successor, Bing Devine, strongly recommended retaining <mask>, but he was overruled by the Cardinals' owner, August A. Busch Jr.

Cincinnati Reds
Once again, <mask> returned to Seattle as field manager of the Rainiers, this time also serving as the club's general manager. The 1959 team did not have the on-field success of 1955's edition but the Rainiers were by then the top farm club of the Cincinnati Reds, who had stumbled badly in the National League standings coming out of the gate. On July 9, 1959, with the Reds 10 games under .500 at the All-Star break, <mask> was called to Cincinnati to take over the club, replacing Mayo Smith. Under <mask>, Cincinnati went 39–35 and improved two notches in the standings, but the following season saw the Reds struggle again to a 67–87 record and sixth-place finish.Like Detroit and St. Louis before, the Reds also were in front office turmoil, as the general manager who originally hired <mask>, Gabe Paul, departed for the expansion Houston Colt .45s and was replaced by Bill DeWitt. The sudden death of longtime owner Powel Crosley less than three weeks before the start of the 1961 regular season meant the team would soon be sold. As a result, 1961 was a crucial season for <mask>. The Reds were projected as a second division team, lagging well behind the defending world champion Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1959 champion Los Angeles Dodgers, and strong San Francisco Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, and Milwaukee Braves outfits. But the Reds stunned the league, led by NL MVP Frank Robinson. They were buoyed by three other factors: the maturation of young players such as outfielder Vada Pinson and pitchers Jim O'Toole, Ken Hunt and Jim Maloney; the acquisition of key contributors such as pitcher Joey Jay (who became a 20-game winner) and third baseman Gene Freese; and surprise slugging and clutch hitting performances by first baseman Gordy Coleman,  Jerry Lynch (one of the greatest pinchhitters in baseball history), and veteran Wally Post. The Reds surged into contention with a nine-game winning streak in May, and took first place for good August 16 when they swept the Dodgers in a doubleheader in Los Angeles.The season was marked by numerous dramatic late-inning comeback victories, overcoming large margins, sometimes in a single inning. The Reds seemed never to be out of any game, until the last out. The  Reds won 93 games and their first NL pennant since 1940. It was <mask>'s second trip to the World Series; ironically, he was a Detroit pitcher in 1940 when his Tigers lost the Fall Classic to Cincinnati in seven games. However, the 1961 Reds drew one of the best teams of its era as its World Series foe: the New York Yankees of Roger Maris, Mickey Mantle, Whitey Ford, et al., who had won 109 games. The Reds could muster only one victory, in Game 2, with utility infielder Elio Chacón racing home on a passed ball with the go-ahead run, barely before the crunching body tag of Elston Howard. Cincinnati lost the 1961 Series in five games.Final years

Winning the 1961 pennant secured <mask>'s place in Cincinnati. In 1962, his Reds won 98 games but finished third, 3½ games behind the Giants. While the team fell to fifth in 1963, with an 86–76 mark, it continued to blend in young talent, such as young shortstop Leo Cárdenas and freshman second baseman Pete Rose, who was named the National League's Rookie of the Year. In July, <mask> was given a contract extension through the 1965 season, and with a solid corps of veterans and a strong farm system, the Reds were considered a contending club in 1964, provided that its pitching staff made a comeback. Cancer
At his Florida home on Anna Maria Island, <mask> found a lump on his neck in late December 1963 and a medical examination in Seattle revealed malignant tumors in his lungs, chest, and neck. Given the cancer treatments available at the time, the prognosis was grim. According to his brother, <mask> was a chain smoker, up to four packs of cigarettes a day.The Reds made their manager's illness public on January 3, 1964. After radiation treatment in early February, he still felt relatively well in March during spring training. As The Sporting News noted, the team played the 1964 season knowing <mask> "probably was at death's door." His health failing, <mask> nevertheless managed the Reds through July 27, when he was hospitalized. He returned to the dugout August 4, but could only endure nine more days before, on the day after his 45th birthday, he turned the team over to his first-base coach, Dick Sisler. The birthday was celebrated at Crosley Field on August 12, then he was re-hospitalized two days later for two weeks. With their manager now critically ill, the inspired Reds caught fire and won 29 out of their last 47 games as the first-place Philadelphia Phillies collapsed, but the team finished in a tie with the Phillies for second, one game behind the Cardinals, who went on to win that year's World Series.<mask> formally resigned as manager on October 19, and died three weeks later at Manatee Memorial Hospital in Bradenton, Florida. He was buried next to his parents in the family plot at Mount Olivet Cemetery near Seattle in Renton, overlooking Lake Washington. SPORT magazine posthumously named him "Man of the Year" for 1964 in tribute to his courage in battling his final illness and the Reds permanently retired his uniform number (1). The Hutch Award is given annually by Major League Baseball in his memory as well. <mask> was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1965. His career record as a major league manager, in all or parts of 12 seasons, was 830–827 () with nine tie games. He was remembered for his winning baseball teams, as the man who launched Cincinnati into an historic winning era (which ended years after his death with the "Big Red Machine" in the 1970s).He is described favorably by pitcher/author Jim Brosnan in his two memoirs, The Long Season (an account of Brosnan's 1959 season) and Pennant Race (about the 1961 campaign). Brosnan describes the team's wariness of the manager's hot temper and its respect for his competitive nature and leadership skills, and notes <mask>'s sense of humor as well. Wrote Brosnan in 1959: "Most ballplayers respect Hutch. In fact, many of them admire him, which is even better than liking him. He seems to have a tremendous inner power that a player can sense. When Hutch gets a grip on things it doesn't seem probable that he's going to lose it. He seldom blows his top at a player, seldom panics in a game, usually lets the players work out of their own troubles if possible."Said future Hall of Famer Stan Musial in 1957: "If I ever hear a player say he can't play for Hutch, then I'll know he can't play for anybody." Jim Delsing played under <mask> with the Tigers. "I would describe him as very sincere, very frank, very loyal to the players, and very involved with the players. I think everybody really liked playing for him. Hutch was not rehired after the 1954 season, and the next year we played for Bucky Harris. <mask> was always more involved with the players. I thought he was an excellent manager.The manager makes a lot of difference." In honor of his achievements with Buffalo, <mask> became a charter member of the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985. On December 24, 1999, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer named <mask> Seattle's Athlete of the 20th Century. Meanwhile, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center continues to make news as a cancer treatment hub — in medical and baseball circles. When Boston Red Sox rookie left-handed pitcher Jon Lester, a Washington native, was diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma during the  season, he chose to undergo chemotherapy at the Seattle facility. Coming full circle, on November 11, 2008, Lester — a 16-game winner and postseason pitching star — was chosen as the winner of the 2008 Hutch Award. All of the end plates of the rows of seats at Seattle's T-Mobile Park are embossed with a likeness of <mask>.See also

Hutch Award
List of Major League Baseball player-managers
List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise

References

External links

Walsh, Emmett, "In Sunshine or In Shadow" Sports Illustrated, August 26, 1957
Sports Press Northwest – Wayback Machine: Hutch – A Man And An Award
History Link – <mask>, essay 8357

1919 births
1964 deaths
American League All-Stars
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Baseball managers
Baseball players from Seattle
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Cincinnati Reds managers
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Deaths from lung cancer
Detroit Tigers managers
Detroit Tigers players
International League MVP award winners
Major League Baseball managers with retired numbers
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball player-managers
Pacific Coast League MVP award winners
St. Louis Cardinals managers
Seattle Rainiers players
United States Navy officers
Franklin High School (Seattle) alumni
Washington Huskies baseball players

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<mask> (June 19, 1992 October 26, 2014) was a Dominican–Canadian professional baseball outfielder who played one season for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB). Known as "El Fenómeno" (Spanish for "The Phenomenon") in the Dominican Republic, the Cardinals signed him at age 16 in 2008 as an international amateur free agent and he made his MLB debut in 2014. Over six minor league seasons, he batted .321 with a .519 slugging percentage. He played all three outfield positions while spending most of the time in center field. With prodigious batting skills, <mask> was a consensus top-five minor league prospect in 2013 and 2014. He elicited comparisons to former MLB outfielder and fellow Dominican Vladimir Guerrero—with a powerful and smooth, balanced stroke, <mask> successfully hit pitches well outside of the strike zone. Also similar to Guerrero, he possessed a strong and accurate throwing arm.The outfielder was the recipient of a litany of awards and won batting titles in two minor leagues, including hitting .386 for the Midwest League title in 2011. The next year, he won the Texas League batting title and was the Texas League Player of the Year and Cardinals organization Player of the Year. On May 31, 2014, <mask> homered in his major league debut against the San Francisco Giants and went on to hit .239 in 80 regular season games, playing mostly right field. He also hit a game-tying home run in Game 2 of the 2014 National League Championship Series against the Giants. On October 26, 2014, he died in a car accident in the Dominican Republic shortly after the Cardinals were eliminated from the playoffs. Early life
Originally from Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, <mask> grew up in a town called Sosúa. He began taking interest in baseball early in life.According to his father, <mask>, at about age five, he started to call himself "El Fenómeno," which is Spanish for "The Phenomenon". "He would say, 'I’m going to make you the happiest dad in the world. I want to be a star. I want to be a major leaguer. I’m the phenomenon. I’m the best,'" recounted his father. <mask>' father was an outfielder in the Milwaukee Brewers' minor league system.<mask> lived in Montreal from ages 12 to 16 and obtained Canadian citizenship. Afterwards, he returned to the Dominican Republic; had he stayed in Canada, he would have entered the draft after high school. Professional career

Minor leagues

DSL Cardinals, Johnson City, and Quad Cities (2009–11)

The St. Louis Cardinals signed <mask> as an international amateur free agent on November 25, 2008 for $145,000. They assigned him to the rookie league Dominican Summer League Cardinals the next season. Although he hit just .265 with one home run (HR) and 42 runs batted in (RBI) in 65 games, <mask> earned a promotion to the Johnson City Cardinals of the Rookie-level Appalachian League in 2010. The talent which scouts had discovered in the Dominican Republic quickly actualized, as he hit .322 with eight HR and 43 RBI in 53 games. <mask> earned another promotion to the Quad Cities River Bandits of the Class A Midwest League (MWL) in 2011 and spent the entire season there.From May 11 to June 11, he was out of action due to a hamstring injury. Despite missing a full month, his hitting continued to improve by obtaining 33 multi-hit games, 17 three-hit contests and five four-hit games. Further, he earned two MWL Player of the Week (PoW) awards. The first was for the week of July 17, after batting .600 (15 hits in 25 at bats) with five multi-hit games, 10 runs scored and five RBI. The second PoW award <mask> earned with the River Bandits was for the week ending August 28. He batted .581 (18–31) with another five multi-hit games, two home runs and 11 RBI. That week, he also achieved three three-hit games and two four-hit games.After coming off the bench in the August 28 game against Burlington, he went 3-for-3 with a home run and missed hitting for the cycle by a double. For the season, <mask> batted .386 with a .444 on-base percentage (OBP), .584 slugging percentage (SLG), eight HR and 62 RBI in 78 games. He earned the Midwest League batting title with the highest average in the league since 1956. He was actually 31 plate appearances short of qualifying; however, his adjusted batting average after adding the hitless at-bats still gave him the title. He was the first Cardinals minor leaguer to win the MWL batting title since Brendan Ryan in 2004. Springfield and Memphis (2012–14)
After winning the Midwest League batting title at age 19, <mask> began to garner notice outside the Cardinals organization. Baseball America named him the Cardinals' third-best prospect prior to the 2012 season and ranked him 74th in all of baseball.The Cardinals assigned him to play for the Springfield Cardinals of the Class AA Texas League. He spent the entire season there, playing 124 games before participating in winter league play. <mask> won his first of two Cardinals Minor League Player of the Month awards in 2012 for April after batting .340 (32–94) with six HR and 21 RBI. On June 4, he achieved his first career five-hit game against Corpus Christi with four runs scored. He earned PoW honors for the week ending June 10 – which included the five-hit game – after batting .500 (14–28) with two home runs, four RBI and 11 runs scored. <mask> won his second organizational Player of the Month award of 2012 – and third of his career – for June after totaling a .347 average (34–98), six HR and 19 RBI. Beginning June 8, he amassed a 12-game hitting streak.Selected to the Texas League All-Star team, <mask> started in center field and batted fourth. His 3-for-4, home run, double and two-RBI effort helped earn him unanimous Most Valuable Player honors for the game. He also played in the Major League Baseball All-Star Futures Game for the World squad. He started in right field and batted third, collecting one hit in three at-bats. He ended the season with a 22-game on-base streak that spanned from August 4 to September 3. <mask> logged 43 multi-hit games, including 12 three-hit games, five four-hit games and one five-hit game. In his 124 total games, he played 93 in center field, 15 in right and one in left.He hit safely in 94 games and reached base in 107. He batted .346 (47 of 136) with eight HR and 72 RBI with runners in scoring position (RISP) and .321 with RISP and two outs, including 17 RBI. He also hit .372 (73 of 196) with 12 HR and 49 RBI in the sixth inning and later. <mask>' season totals for 2012 included 23 HR, 94 RBI and a league-leading .321 batting average, his second minor league batting title. In addition, he led the Texas League in extra base hits (67), doubles (37), total bases (273) and intentional walks (10). He ranked second in hits (153), RBI and slugging percentage (.572), and tied for fourth both in home runs and triples (7). In nine playoff games, he hit .235 with four doubles and two RBI as Springfield won the Texas League championship.Baseball America conferred the club with their Minor League Team of the Year award. <mask> was named the Texas League Player of the Year. Further, <mask> led all Cardinals minor leaguers in hits, doubles, triples, home runs, RBI, SLG and on-base plus slugging (.953), while also finishing in the top five in batting average and runs. He was named the Cardinals' Minor League Player of the Year. He played another 39 games in the after-season Dominican Professional Baseball League for the Águilas Cibaeñas. He won the league Rookie of the Year award after batting .316 with five home runs and 17 RBI as the Águilas clinched the league's best record. In a skills ("Best Tools") survey, Baseball America found <mask> the "Best Hitter for Average".Entering the 2013 season, Baseball America ranked <mask> as the Cardinals' best prospect and the third-best prospect in all of baseball. MLB.com also ranked <mask> as the Cardinals' number-one prospect, and the number-three prospect in its Top 50 Prospects. Prior to the 2013 World Baseball Classic, <mask>' agent was approached about him playing for the Canadian national baseball team. The Cardinals promoted him to the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds of the Pacific Coast League. In each game from May 6–10, <mask> collected at least one RBI. He batted .362 with 17 hits in 47 at bats for the month of May. However, injury obstructed his in-game action.While sliding into second base in a May 12 game, his ankle caught and pronated awkwardly on the bag, resulting in a high-ankle sprain. He played in just 15 games after that for the season and in 46 total. Surgery to correct the sprain, performed by Dr. Robert Anderson, ended his season in August. For the season, <mask> rendered a .306 batting average with 12 doubles, five home runs and 32 RBI. It was the fourth consecutive season in which he batted at least .300. Especially productive against right-handed pitching, he forged a .366 batting average (37-for-101) with four HR and 24 RBI. Further, he generated three four-hit games and 15 multi-hit games while hitting safely in 31 overall.In 18 games, he provided at least one RBI, and in nine, recorded multiple runners driven in. In Baseball America'''s "Best Tools" survey, he was rated the "Best Hitter for Average" in the Cardinals organization. The Cardinals added <mask> to their 40-man roster on November 20, 2013. St. Louis Cardinals (2014)
Beginning in the 2014 season,

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 MLB.com ranked <mask> as the second-best prospect in all of MLB, behind only Byron Buxton of the Minnesota Twins organization. The Cardinals invited him to spring training. Although team officials believed that his ankle had fully healed in time for 2014 spring training, he hesitated to fully trust the ankle in performance. A hamstring injury followed, limiting him to just six at-bats.The Cardinals optioned him to minor league camp on March 14. On May 30, 2014, the Cardinals called <mask> up to their MLB roster in one of the most anticipated promotions in all MLB. He became the first from Sosúa to reach the major leagues. At that point, he had been batting .325 with a .373 OBP and a .524 SLG at Memphis. Other totals included seven HR and 40 RBI in 49 games and 191 at-bats. <mask> was held hitless in consecutive games just once. In his last 10 games, he collected hits in all but one, batting .462.During those same 10 games, he fashioned two three-hit games and one four-hit outing. In 209 plate appearances, he walked just 14 times, but also struck out just 25 for a 12.1% strikeout rate. Making his MLB debut at Busch Stadium on the afternoon of Saturday, May 31, against the San Francisco Giants, <mask> flied out in his first at-bat. However, he launched his first hit and home run, which traveled , in his next at-bat. It occurred with one out in the bottom of the fifth inning against starting pitcher Yusmeiro Petit. He became the youngest to hit a home run in his major league debut for the Cardinals since Eddie Morgan in 1936. It also started to rain, immediately forcing a 47-minute delay.The home run proved to be the game-winning run as the Cardinals won, 2–0. <mask> hit his first MLB single the next day, June 1. When Matt Adams came off the DL June 19, <mask>' 22nd birthday, the Cardinals optioned him back to Memphis after batting .189 with a .225 OBP and .297 SLG in 40 PA. Despite the low rate statistics, he showed a marked ability to get contact on MLB pitching. His contact rate of 92.3% on pitches outside of the strike zone surpassed the MLB average of 65.7% for all non-pitchers. His miss rate of 2.5% on swinging strikes was significantly lower than the MLB average of 9.1%. One month after his first call-up, the Cardinals recalled <mask> on June 30.He was batting .318 with a .502 SLG at Memphis. To allow him more playing opportunities, the Cardinals traded slumping incumbent right fielder Allen Craig to the Boston Red Sox on the July 31 non-waiver trade deadline. His first career three-hit game was on September 7 against the Milwaukee Brewers. That series, he played three of the four games, collecting five hits in eight at-bats with a home run and four RBI. It was one of eight multi-hit games on the year. <mask> finished the 2014 season with a batting average of .239 in 80 major league games. He appeared on the postseason roster for the Cardinals, playing exclusively as a pinch hitter, and collected three hits and two runs scored in seven total at bats.His postseason debut was in the National League Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers. One hit was a home run that tied the score in Game 2 of the National League Championship Series against the Giants, the only game the Cardinals won in the series; as it turned out, it was the final hit in his career. His final tweet was "Thanks for all the fan support!" on October 13. Skills profile
Regarded as a left-handed hitting version of Vladimir Guerrero (also a native of the Dominican Republic), one of <mask>' prized skills was an ability that few possess to square the bat on—and effectively hit—pitches that are out of the strike zone, much as the case was with Guerrero. Because of his bat speed and the wide range of pitch locations of which he could hit, <mask> successfully unraveled what are termed as "pitcher's pitches", which helped contribute to his high batting average. An aggressive hitter, <mask> maintained control with his smooth swing.With a wide batting stance and slight leg kick that "allows him to maintain both incredible balance and timing", he shifted his weight on his left (back) leg "before connecting with the ball with an explosive, quick swing." His combination of strong, quick hands and excellent hand-eye coordination allowed him to assert considerable bat control to make constant, square contact with the incoming pitch. With an ability to drive the ball to all fields, his power ceiling was high, projected with 25 to 30 home runs in his peak. His preparation also received high marks. Through 2013, <mask>' career minor league batting average was .320 with 45 home runs and 275 RBIs in 374 games. Although <mask>' defensive skills were not as prodigious as his hitting abilities, he ran routes well and had solid instincts. Earlier in his professional career, he gained a reputation for concentrating too heavily on hitting at the expense of his fielding.However, <mask> worked to increase his abilities in the outfield. With a strong throwing arm, his defensive skills projected him to be a corner outfielder, particularly in right field. However, the Cardinals believed that <mask> showed the range and skill to be an effective center fielder so he began taking an apprenticeship to learn the position. Death
On October 26, 2014, <mask> and his girlfriend, Edilia Arvelo, both died in a car accident on the Sosúa-Cabarete freeway in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, in which his red Chevrolet Camaro ran off the road and hit a tree. <mask> suffered multiple injuries and was pronounced dead while receiving care at Sosúa Cabarete Medical Center. Arvelo suffered injuries to the head and to the chest. The accident occurred at 7:40 PM ET, just before the start of Game 5 of the 2014 World Series.Cardinals chairman William DeWitt, Jr. issued the following statement:

Cardinals general manager John Mozeliak made a statement saying:

Cardinals Manager Mike Matheny stated, "There is not a more accurate word ("love") for how a group of men share a deep and genuine concern for each other. We loved <mask>, and he loved us. That is what a team does. That is what a family does." Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig stated, "With heavy hearts, tonight we play Game 5 of the 2014 World Series in the memory of these two young people." Aftermath and legacy
Observances on behalf of Arvelo and <mask> were held for Game 6 of the World Series, including a moment of silence before the first pitch. Kansas City Royals starting pitcher Yordano Ventura wrote "R.I.P.O.T #18" on his hat along with other tributes on his cleats and glove. His hat was turned in for display at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Ventura himself went on to die in a car crash in the Dominican Republic less than three years later. On October 28, the Cardinals left the right field lights on at Busch Stadium and released a Twitter photo of the scene the next day. More than an estimated 5,000 gathered for <mask>'s funeral in Sosúa, including about 40 who gathered on the rooftop of a cemetery church. Many of the mourners wore jerseys with "El Fenómeno"'' printed on their backs. "He was like Superman here.He was here to uplift kids and put the town on the map. He was the hope," said teammate Carlos Martínez. Martínez requested to change his uniform number from 44 to 18 (<mask>'s number) to honor him in part because they were also friends. The team granted his request. <mask> had left behind a one-year-old son, <mask> <mask>. Questions arose as to whether he was intoxicated in that fatal crash on the Sosúa-Cabarete freeway. On November 11, press releases confirmed that his blood alcohol content was 0.287, nearly six times the legal limit for the Dominican Republic.After the second alcohol-related fatality to a Cardinals player in a decade, following that of Josh Hancock in 2007, John Mozeliak lamented the circumstances of the player's death. He declared that the team would take a greater role in educating young players to "avoid reckless actions". In January 2015, DeWitt announced plans for the Cardinals to renovate a baseball field in Sosúa in <mask>'s honor, modeled after the Cardinals Care facilities in Greater St. Louis. The team would also wear black circular patches inscribed with OT (Taveras's initials) inside a white circle on their jerseys. The patch will omit Taveras's No. 18 because Carlos Martínez was already wearing it as his uniform number as a tribute. A large decal in his memorial was posted in the home team bullpen of Busch Stadium along with the ones of Hancock and former pitcher Darryl Kile, who died of coronary artery disease during the 2002 season while still active.Awards

See also

List of baseball players who died during their careers
List of people from the Dominican Republic

References

External links

1992 births
2014 deaths
Baseball people from Quebec
Black Canadian baseball players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Canadian people of Dominican Republic descent
Sportspeople of Dominican Republic descent
Dominican Republic emigrants to Canada
Gulf Coast Cardinals players
Johnson City Cardinals players
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Memphis Redbirds players
People from Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Quad Cities River Bandits players
Road incident deaths in the Dominican Republic
Springfield Cardinals players
Sportspeople from Montreal
St. Louis Cardinals

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<mask> (26 March 1929 – 6 March 2005) was a spiritual teacher in the contemporary Sant Mat (Radha Soami) lineage of Sikh religious leaders. Initiated by <mask> in 1965, he began work as a Satguru himself in 1976, following the death of <mask>. <mask> distributed what he paraphrased from <mask> as, "a practical form of spirituality which is not connected to any particular religion, sect, or thought." While he was born into Sikhism, and wore the traditional Sikh garb all his life, he gave up its traditional outer practices soon after initiation and devoted himself wholly to the Sant Mat spiritual practices known as Surat Shabd Yoga and Naam. Continuing <mask>'s emphasis on the unity of all religions, <mask> frequently referred to the Bible when addressing Westerners, the Adi Granth, Ramayana and other Indian scriptures in India, and the Qur'an when addressing Muslim people. He gave thousands of talks in his 30 years as a Master, his message being one of transcendence of the material and devotion to God, the "unchangeable permanence behind all things". Biography
The documentation on <mask>'s life is mainly limited to the few details he communicated about himself during his talks and public appearances.A biography composed of stories about the Master was collected by Wendy Heid in 1994, and it touches the central points from the perspective of the inner, spiritual aspirations. It has few points of contact with concrete people, places, or times. <mask> <mask> corrected and edited this work, however, and it was subsequently reprinted in 2000 and again in 2005, so the facts presented are probably authentic. There are also some biographical materials made available by his organisation Know Thyself As Soul, International, although they have few details or specifics and again focus in the main on the inner life. Period of discipleship
Thakar's daily routine during his period of discipleship is described in a talk he gave at the Bhandara (death anniversary) of Sant Kirpal <mask> on 21 August 2003:

Devotional work
Thakar began to work in the capacity of a preacher, and to hold Satsang (spiritual gatherings) in his home and elsewhere. This was a logical continuation of the devotional music classes and study classes of the Adi Granth he had been giving privately for many years; the only difference was that instead of preaching against the physical master, he now explained the Guru Granth Sahib in the light of his inner experiences. Sant Kirpal <mask>ar's city by invitation and visited his home in this time frame (exact date and location in the Punjab unknown, but near to Amritsar):

Each Sunday on his day off, Thakar would travel from one town to another to give satsang.Sometimes he would visit as many as four towns in one day. He also increased his meditation time on work days to four, five, and then six hours. In 1970, Sant Kirpal <mask> issued an invitation to all of his initiates in the form of a circular letter inviting anyone who wanted to have special instruction on how to give satsang to come to Delhi and receive personal lessons. Thakar applied for a four-month leave of absence from his work and began this intensive meditation retreat in the presence of the master with four other aspirants. The retreat consisted of 12 to 14 hours of meditation daily as the main regimen. Thakar returned to work after four months and continued his practices. When Sant Kirpal <mask> died in 1974, Thakar applied for a long leave of absence and went into intensive meditation for up to 16 hours a day for an extended period.Afterwards he did not return to work but kept extending his leave, taking unpaid leave or making other arrangements until he retired early, at the age of 47. Guruship
Sant Kirpal <mask> did not publicly name a successor, and after his death in 1974, a number of proposed successors appeared including Sant Darshan <mask> (Sant Kirpal <mask>'s physical son), Sant Ajaib <mask>, Soami Divyanand, and others. <mask> <mask> began work in the role of Guru at Sawan Asham in Delhi on 7 February 1976. Within four months he travelled to Germany and then later that year to Mexico. In 1979 he visited the United States for the first time. His first American representative was named Bernadine Chard. In 1987 he visited Canada.<mask> <mask>'s mission grew steadily over time and he was responsible for a number of innovations and records. He was the first Sant Mat Master to visit Africa, making a five-month tour through the continent and visiting twelve countries, from October to February 1989. He also visited the Far East for the first time that year, going to South Korea, The Philippine Islands, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Taiwan during a three-month tour. He visited New Zealand on the same tour. Eventually he would reach all the continents with the exception of Antarctica and as many as forty countries. He moved his national headquarters to Nawan Nagar, near the foothills of Himalayas. In April 1992, <mask> <mask> went into seclusion about 25 kilometres away in Sai.He did not travel for some years
except for brief visits, maintaining an intensive meditation schedule and very simple lifestyle. This regime continued for the rest of the Master's life. He visited the United States for the last time in the summer of 2003. At the end of his life he spoke of having initiated over two million souls. Illness and death
<mask> <mask> died on 6 March 2005 in Nawan Nagar, India, at the age of 76; however, he had been ill for the entire previous year when he underwent open heart surgery in February 2004. Teachings
The documentation of the teachings of <mask> <mask> is both extensive and multi-media in character, including books, circular letters, video, and audio tapes spanning almost 30 years. Basic proposition of spirituality: we are souls, not bodies

Our chief enemy in this pursuit is our own mind, which does not allow our Soul to be in control, but instead usurps control over us:

One of the Master's most well known analogies for the control of the mind over the soul is that of the frog in the dirty drain:

Requirement of personal experience in spiritual matters
The Master often emphasised the essential requirement of personal experience in all things spiritual; not depending on others but finding reality for oneself:

Again,

Similarly, the main function of the experiences given to the disciple at the time of initiation is to convince the disciple there is something worth seeking inside—i.e., that the Master's instructions are worth pursuing.If something is provided initially, without any effort at all on the part of the disciple, a free sample as it were—then more will surely be available in the future with some efforts on the part of the meditator. Soul is the prisoner of mind and matter
God is an essence and is subtle, matter is the opposite or negation of God. Mind is subtle matter, so both mind and matter are our enemies as soul. The purpose of life is to reunite with God, with whom we have been separated. Life is suffering due to this separation. Purpose of human life
The human form has been especially created to serve this purpose as a vehicle for reuniting with the Lord; and it has no other function. It was earned by us after long lifespans in other forms.When a person suffers sickness or discomfort, those are reminders of our mortality. They are given only because we are not on the Way. To find God, first we must acquire knowledge of who and what we are as soul, and then we will be able to find something greater. We are not bodies, but souls, and soul is of the same essence as God, i.e., soul is God, but on a smaller scale. The soul is entombed in layers of coverings, the chief of which are the body, mind, and intellect. These coverings are not alive; the soul is alive and provides the motive energy which is used to drive the coverings. We are so identified with these coverings, that we no longer have any idea we are souls and instead identify completely with the body and mind.God has not provided anything useless, and human beings are functionally complete as regards their given purpose, they need nothing extra such as worldly education or money:

The Master extends this even to food and drink, and tells stories sometimes of people who have subsisted on the inner food alone. He sometimes quotes Jesus who said, "Man does not live by bread alone, but by every word which comes forth from the mouth of God." According to the Master this reference has an esoteric meaning, and the Word which Jesus speaks of is the inner Sound Current. Karma and the revolving powers
Regarding the other species of life, the Master follows the view expressed in Hinduism, namely that we are souls passing through a continuous process of phenomenological evolution, moving from one form to the next more complex form, gaining more and more complex consciousness and also more complex desires—until the soul is lucky enough to find itself incarnated as a human being. This state of consciousness such as experienced by a human being is the top most rung of a ladder which continues upwards; a qualitative change is required to go higher. However, the soul can also fall lower if the attention is directed to lower things, such as pets, carnal desires, or drug use. Generally it must suffer hells for missing this crucial chance.Nature of suffering
Regarding suffering, the Master totally rejects the premise of life as requiring misery:

Life in this world is suffering; however, suffering is totally foreign to our natures and life is something we were meant only to live and enjoy. That enjoyment is not here, however, but with God:

Anyone who thinks this life can be made into something enjoyable is deluded. Mankind grasps at the momentary pleasures only because he knows of nothing better. He enjoys sexuality and then the result—a child and all the attendant problems and worries—arrives. All the enjoyments of this world are traps like this, which seem sweet on the outset but turn out to be tragic. Regarding renunciation, it is not possible as a practical matter to live without action or live without desire. However, action can be transcended by devoting oneself entirely to a being who has himself become One and living by his instructions.Through the love of God in the form of a person who has become One with Him, we too can be One with Him. This person is the Guru. The Guru is the way out of suffering; he is like a lifeline leading to safety. Functional role of the living master
God is not a silent spectator, watching the world impassively; He is fully conscious of the tormented situation in which his souls (which are really his own self) are suffering. However, God does not directly intervene in the universe but makes use of agencies. If there is to be rain, it does not fall from a clear sky. First the clouds gather, then the rain comes out from them.If a child is to be born, the mother and father are provided. In the same way, everything in this world works through the function of some agency above and all the higher powers operate in this way, even God. God is One, but has deputed control over vast regions of the universe (both physical and spiritual) to agencies which handle the management. The situation is analogous to a King, who has both a prime minister and many generals managing various aspects of his kingdom. No one approaches the King directly, but all interact with him via his functionaries. In this way he continues to enjoy the total purity, bliss, and ecstasy which is his nature; while the world goes forward in myriad forms. Thus if God is to interact with mankind, He has to come in the form of a man.There is no other means available for him to interact directly with us, as the functionaries are controlling the entire region we inhabit. The Saints and Masters (spiritual teachers) have been coming since human beings first came into existence. They have come in our own time; and they will continue to come as long as there are people who need to be awakened. Key concept of the Sound Current: Shabd, Naam, or Word
Shabd, Naam, or Word is a form of God or a manifestation of God which human beings can experience, and contact with it has medicinal and practical benefits. The Word is not to be confused with the written words in the scriptures; the scriptures refer to the Word, but reading them does not comprise the experience of hearing it. To hear the Sound Current, some specific actions have to be taken on the part of the Master. Functionally, the Soul is buried under the karmic impressions of millions if not billions of years of existence in this world.The Master Saint has the power to burn these impressions so that they are neutralised; after this, the Soul can experience the Sound Current. The appearance of the Sound is a function of purity; the more pure the vessel, the more easily the sound resounds inside it. Thus the Sound Current is a gift which the Master can give to those whom he chooses, or perhaps to those he is destined to help. Some souls are specifically marked as belonging to the Master; however "the new applicants can also be accepted." Love versus attachment
Love is the criterion for the life of a human being. God is Love and love is God and the way back to God is also through Love, as the Master is Love Personified and the Sound Current is also a conscious current of love. However, the only true form of love from the perspective of life lived in this world, is called devotion.All other forms of love are either debased through egotism or else a form of confusion and delusion, brought on at the level of mind. The nature of romantic love as a form of suffering is relentlessly analysed:

Fundamentally, no one can love unless they are connected to God, as God is the source of Love and is sometimes described as Love itself. Our minds, on the other hand, are totally devoid of love:

All relationships fall away in what might be called the doctrine of individual responsibility:

Notes

References

External links
 <mask> <mask> Online Audio/Video/Text Library at www.thakar-singh.com
 <mask> <mask>'s Teachings in his own words at www.thakar-singh.org
 About <mask> <mask>, by people who knew him personally at www.thakar-singh.net

1929 births
2005 deaths
Indian Hindu spiritual teachers
Radha Soami
Sant Mat gurus
20th-century Hindu religious leaders

masks:
Sant Thakar Singh
Kirpal Singh
Kirpal Singh
Thakar Singh
Kirpal Singh
Kirpal Singh
Thakar Singh
Sant Thakar Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Singh
Singhhak
Singh
Singh
Singh
Singh
Singh
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Thakar
Singh
Thakar
Singh
Thakar
Singh


text_chunks:
<mask> (born May 7, 1950 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American physician-scientist who has made substantial contributions to our understanding of the transmission prevention of transmission of HIV. He is best known as chief architect of HIV Prevention Trials Network 052, a large-scale randomized clinical trial which demonstrated proof-of-concept for “treatment as prevention”: treating an HIV-infected person with antiviral drugs makes them less contagious and prevents transmission to their sexual partners. <mask> is J. Herbert Bate Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Epidemiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is also co-chair of the National Institutes of Health's HIV Prevention Trials Network. Education

<mask> graduated from James H. Bowen High School in Chicago, and earned a bachelor of science degree at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He received his M.D. degree from Rush Medical College in Chicago and did residency training in internal medicine at the University of Michigan.He completed an infectious disease fellowship at Yale University. <mask> joined the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1980. Research

<mask> was among the first to outline the role of STD co-infections in the sexual transmission of HIV. Not long after the first FDA-approved drug treatment for HIV/AIDS, AZT, appeared in 1987, <mask> began studying the effect of this and later drugs on the amount of virus in genital secretions. This led to the idea that people taking these drugs might be less contagious. In 2005 <mask> launched a clinical study, known as HPTN 052, of 1,763   couples where only one person is HIV-infected. The results indicated that early   antiviral therapy reduced sexual transmission by at least 96 percent.<mask>, executive director of UNAIDS, called it a “game-changer,”  The Economist speculated on “The End of AIDS,”  and treatment as prevention became a central part of global HIV/AIDS prevention strategy. In December 2011, Science magazine,  named treatment as prevention and HPTN 052 the scientific ‘Breakthrough of the Year.’ Its editor Bruce Alberts said “The [HPTN 052] results have galvanized efforts to end the world’s AIDS epidemic in a way that would have been inconceivable even a year ago.”

Memberships

<mask> is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology. H In 2012 he was elected to the Institute of Medicine. He serves as an editor of the journal Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Selected Awards and Honors

 2015   Commencement Address, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
 2012   Fall Commencement Address, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
 2012   Tar Heel of the Year, Raleigh News & Observer
 2012   Healthcare Heroes Lifetime Achievement Award, Triangle Business Journal
 2012   Top 10 Clinical Research Achievement Award, Clinical Research Forum
 2011   Hope is a Vaccine Award, GAIA
 2008   O. Max Gardner Award, University of North Carolina System
 2005   Thomas Parran Award, American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association

Selected publications

 Royce AR, Seña A, Cates W and Cohen MS (1997). Sexual transmission of HIV. N Engl J Med 336: 1072-1078. Vernazza PL, Gilliam BL, Dyer J, Fiscus SA, Eron JJ, Frank AC, and <mask> MS. Quantification of HIV in semen: Correlation with antiviral treatment and immune status (1997).AIDS 11:987-993. <mask> MS, Hoffman IF, Royce RA, Kazembe P, Dyer JR, Zimba D, Vernazza PL, Costello-Daly C, Maida M, Fiscus SA, and Eron JJ (1997). Reduction of Concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: Implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. Lancet 349:1868-1873. Pereira AS, Kashuba ADM, Fiscus SA, Hall JE, Tidwell RR, Troiani L, Dunn JA, Eron JJ, <mask> MS (1999). Antiretroviral therapy and HIV-1 in semen: relationship between drug concentration and viral burden. J Infect Dis 180 (6):2039-43,
 Chakraborty H, <mask> PK, Helms RW, Vernazza PL, Fiscus SA, Eron JJ, Patterson BK, Coombs RW, Krieger JN, <mask> MS (2001).Viral burden in genital secretions determines male-to-female sexual transmission of HIV-1: A probabilistic empiric model. AIDS 15:621-627. <mask> MS, Gay C, Kashuba AD, Blower S, and Paxton L (2007). Narrative Review: antiretroviral therapy to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1. Ann Intern Med 146: 591-601
 <mask> MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, Godbole <mask>, Mehendale S, Chariyalertsak S, <mask> BR, Mayer KH, Hoffman IF, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E, Wang L, Makhema J, Mills LA, de Bruyn G, <mask> I, Eron J, Gallant J, Havlir D, <mask>s S, Ribaudo H, Elharrar V, Burns D, Taha TE, <mask> K, Celentano D, Essex M, Fleming TR; the HPTN 052 Study Team (2011). Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. New Eng J Med.363: 493-505. Padian NS, McCoy SI, Karim <mask>, Hasen N, Kim J, Bartos M, Katabira E, Bertozzi <mask>, <mask>länder B, <mask> MS (2011). HIV prevention transformed: the new prevention research. Lancet 378: 269-78. Powers KA, Ghani AC, Miller WC, Hoffman IF, Pettifor AE, Kamanga G, Martinson FE, <mask> MS (2011). The role of acute and early HIV infection and implication for transmission prevention strategies in Lilongwe, Malawi: a modeling study. Lancet 378: 256-68.<mask>, K, Muessig, KE, Powers, KS Miller, WC and <mask> MS (2012). HIV Treatment as Prevention: The Utility and Limitations of Ecological Observation. PLoS Med. 9(7): e1001260. References

External links
 University of North Carolina press release, <mask> receipt of O. Max Gardener Award
 Video, Fall 2012 Commencement Address, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
 Video, HIV transmission breakthrough, University of North Carolina School of Medicine

Living people
University of Michigan Medical School alumni
1950 births

masks:
Myron Scott Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Michel Sidibé
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Sen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
SV
Santos
Sanne
Swindell
Nielsen Saines
SS
SM
Schwart
Cohen
Cohen
Smith
Cohen
Cohen


text_chunks:
Wing Commander <mask> DFC, DSM (10 April 1887, London — 5 March 1963, Reading). Although born in West London, he was brought up and educated in the village of Stockcross in Berkshire. He joined the Royal Navy in 1903 at the age of 16, and saw action in many theatres of World War I, including the Battle of Jutland, in which he gained the Distinguished Service Medal. He transferred to the RAF in the latter part of the War, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for gallantry and devotion to duty. At the cessation of activities he joined the little group of pioneers who were struggling to develop an aircraft carrier deck landing technique on an old converted cruiser — . In 1927, trouble flared up on the North-West Frontiers of British India, and Flying Officer <mask> was drafted with a squadron of old Bristol Fighters to police the Himalayas and keep order. This involved active duty for five years.As a form of relaxation, on one of his leaves he made a trek accompanied by an Indian guide to Tibet, visiting the district of Ladakh. Returning from India in 1933, a short spell as radio and communications instructor followed, prior to a return to the sea in the ill-fated HMS Courageous. F/<mask> was transferred to a Coastal Command at Plymouth, a comparatively short time before HMS Courageous was sunk by enemy action. Coastal Command service led to promotion to the rank of Wing Commander, involving transfer to Western Approaches Command, Derby House, Liverpool, one of a number of vital communication centres for the three services. It figured in the tracking and final annihilation of the Bismarck. For his service he was mentioned in despatches three times, on 17 March 1941, 11 June 1942 and 14 January 1944. Wing Commander <mask>'s service in World War II carried him beyond the normal retiring age, but the day had to come, of course, when he had to take leave of the services, in November 1945.Not for him however was the sedentary life of retirement. In January 1946, he joined the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) as a Communications Officer, serving until the administration closed down in June 1948. The Ministry of Supply knew the Wing Commander next, and he became an experimental officer acting as a liaison between the Air Ministry and aircraft manufacturers. In December 1955 he had finally to retire from the active scene. Wing Commander <mask> had a wife, Edith, and two children, Harold and Betty - his home remained at Stockcross until the end of his life, when he was taken to the Battle Hospital in Reading after a long fight against Parkinson's disease. He died there on 5 March 1963, aged 75. Navy career
 22 June 1903 - Volunteered
 23 June 1903 - Boy 2nd Class, HMS Impregnable
 21 January 1904 - Boy 1st Class
 1 September 1904 - Signal Boy, HMS Hercules
 22 November 1904 - HMS Sutlej
 25 January 1905 - HMS Iphigenia
 27 April 1905 - Signalman (signed up for 12 years service)
 20 August 1905 - HMS Hogue
 9 November 1905 - Qual.Sig. General Service Medal, 2nd/Lt RAF 1918
 Victory Service Medal, 2nd/Lt RAF 1918
 India General Service Medal & Bar, F/O RAF 1930/31 (North West Frontier)
 Silver Jubilee Medal, 1935
 Coronation Medal, 1937
 War Medal & Mentioned in Despatches clasp, 1939/45
 Defence Medal, 1945

References

External links
 Naval communications history — Royal Naval Communications Association, Communications History - The First Signal Schools
 Derby House, Liverpool — Liverpool and the Battle of the Atlantic and Western Approaches - History (BBC Liverpool, Local History)
 Large naval history sites — Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk and MaritimeQuest
 Fleet Air Arm Archive — Fleet Air Arm (FAA) Archive Welcome Page on British Naval Aviation

1887 births
1963 deaths
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom)
Royal Navy personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Royal Navy sailors
Royal Air Force officers

masks:
Frank William Foster
Foster
O Foster
Foster
Foster