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<mask> (; born 18 August 1958) is a Bangladeshi writer. <mask> explores national and international politics and culture using Marxist and Lacanian theories. Informed and influenced by Ahmed Sofa's thoughts, his exploration of Bangladesh's politics and culture has a significant following among the country's young generation of writers and thinkers. <mask> translated the works of Plato, James Rennell, Charles Baudelaire, Frantz Fanon, Dorothee Sölle into Bengali. In Bangladesh, he is a regular guest in talk shows on national and international political issues. Biography
Born in Cox's Bazar, <mask> grew up in Maheshkhali. Passing his SSC from Chittagong Cantonment High School and HSC from Chittagong College, he studied Law at the University of Dhaka.For a brief period, he was involved with the student wing of Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal. In 1986, he went to the United States, and did his PhD on Theories of Central Banking in England, 1793-1877 at the New School. Academic career
<mask> taught at the Department of Law, University of Rajshahi from 1983 to 1984, at the Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka from 1985 to 1986, and East West University from 2001 to 2002. He was Fellow at SOAS, University of London and Stockholm University. In 2006, he joined Stamford University Bangladesh, Bangladesh as a Professor in the Department of Law. <mask> edited a periodical titled Praxis Journal from 1979 to 1986. <mask> is currently the director of Centre for Advanced Theory at University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh.He is associated with a number of organisations such as Center for Asian Arts and Cultures, Ahmed Sofa RashtraSabha, etc. Writing career

A proponent of anti-colonial movements, <mask> has engagements in the regional political economy and culture from a Lacanian-Marxist perspective. A critic of Western interventionism, <mask> <mask> analyzes Western thought and discourse through critical scrutiny of the colonial and imperial legacy of the West. From this perspective, he has written on the works of Charles Baudelaire, Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault, Frantz Fanon, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Edward Said, Aime Cesaire, Talal Asad and many others. Since 1997, his engagement with Freud and Lacan has made him use psychoanalysis to explore Bangladesh's politics and culture and also international issues. He also wrote two books on Freudo-Lacanian philosophy: Freud Porar Bhumika, and Ami Tumi She. Critiques
<mask>'s first book Bangladesh: Jatiyo Obosthar Chalchitro (1983) was a critique of Abdur Razzaq's famous lecture: Bangladesh: State of the Nation.Upon publication, it came under censure of Ahmed Sofa. <mask> <mask> wrote on Lalon Shah, Ramaprasad Chanda, Jasimuddin, Roquia Sakhawat Hussain, Ahmed Sofa, Abul Hasan, Tareque Masud and some of his contemporaries. <mask> views Kazi Nazrul Islam as an anti-colonial and democratic thinker cherished dearly by the people of Bengal. His book Ahmed Sofa Shanjibani provides an expansive assessment of the works of Ahmed Sofa. It established him as the leading expert on Sofa. He also edited a collection of writings by Ahmed Sofa on Rabindranath Tagore. In a 2011 debate arranged by bdnews24.com, <mask> critiqued the portrayal of the Bangladesh Liberation War in the film Meherjaan.Political views

In his book Behat Biplab, <mask> <mask> analyzed the strategic and political aspects of the liberation war of Bangladesh. In <mask>'s view, the three fundamental principles of the liberation war of Bangladesh are equality, human dignity, and social justice. During the Shahbagh Movement in Dhaka, <mask> came forward in strong support of the war crime trial. He has intervened in recent debates on the number of martyrs in the Liberation War of Bangladesh. <mask> advocates for an inclusive education system in Bangladesh. In April 2017, as the government of Bangladesh took the decision to recognize the Dawra degree of the Qawmi madrasa system, <mask> hailed the decision as important for integration of Qawmi group into the national mainstream. He discussed how Islam was propagated in Bengal through the medium of Bengali language.<mask> analyzes the issue of communalism and extremism from a historical perspective. and locates the origin of communalism in South Asia in the British colonial period. His analysis of communalism has also touched upon the Rohingya question, He denounced communal attacks and suggests that upholding social justice is critical to drive away communalism from the national arena. He defends equal right of all communities to observe respective religions. Proper education and guidance is critical to dissuade the young generation from going down the path of extremism. Views on Bengali as a medium of education
<mask> is a leading advocate of Bengali to be the main medium of education in the Bangladeshi academia. He opined that without establishing Bengali as the main medium of education in all stages, the decolonization process would lag behind, and the Anglocentric colonial cringe would persist in the social dynamics in Bangladesh.In Bangladesh, the ruling class albeit admits Bengali to be the state language, their preference for English is apparent in their language application. Citing Freud and Lacan, he wrote that the people of the ruling class are pervert since their acts and thoughts do not reflect their words. He also called them traitors to the nation. Quoting a French proverb with puns in Bengali, he stated that until Bengali is not the medium of education in higher studies, the quality of education would stay medium, and in the realm of education, medium (quality) equals low. Compromise with the medium of language thus means the demise of quality in the domain of education, impeding progress of the nation as a whole. He also said that second languages should be taught to complement Bengali, not to supersede it. <mask> is a vocal critic of certain prescriptions on Bengali orthography.In his opinion, Bangla Academy has failed to perform its duty in publication of advanced knowledge in Bengali language. Controversy and criticism
<mask> was criticized for his use of Sadhu Bhasha. His writings were labelled incomprehensible and impenetrable. Selected works
Essays
 Bangladesh: Jatiya Abasthar Chalchitra (1983)
 Freud Porar Bhumika, Ed. (2005)
 Satya Saddam Hussein and ‘Srajerdaula’ (2007)
 Behat Biplap 1971, Ed. (2007)
 Ami Tumi Se (2008)
 Silence: On Crimes of Power (2009)
 Adamboma (2009)
 Ahmed Sofa Sanjibani (2010)
 Swadhinata Byabsay (2011)
 Ahmed Sofar Swadesh, Ed. (2015)
 Gariber Rabindranath, Ed.(2017)
 Prarthana (2019)
 আমাদের ভাষার নায়ক (2020)

Poetry
 Ek Akasher Swapna (1981)

Translations
 Allahr Badshahi: Selected Poems of Dorothee Sölle (1998)
 Collected Works of Plato, V. 1 (2005) (Co-translated)

Awards
Loke Literary Award: 2017
Ranajit Award: 2020

References

External links

1958 births
Living people
21st-century Bangladeshi writers
Bangladeshi non-fiction writers
Bangladeshi male writers
Writers from Dhaka
People from Cox's Bazar District
University of Rajshahi faculty
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh faculty
University of Dhaka alumni
University of Dhaka faculty
State University of New York at Purchase faculty
City University of New York faculty
The New School alumni
20th-century Bengalis
21st-century Bengalis
Male non-fiction writers
Stamford University Bangladesh

masks:
Salimullah Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Salimullah
Khan
Khan
Salimullah
Khan
Khan
Khan
Salimullah
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan


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<mask> FBA (14 May 1889 – 31 August 1970) was a British sociologist, who played a key role in the development of the discipline. He served as editor of The Sociological Review in the 1930s and later became the founding chairman of the British Sociological Association in 1951 and its first President (1955–1957). He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1942 to 1943, and helped draft the UNESCO 1950 statement titled The Race Question. Biography

He was born in Kelmė, a small town in the Province of Kaunas in Lithuania (at the time occupied by the Russian Empire). He was given an education considered good according to the standards adopted by a small, isolated and intensely religious little Jewish community. His knowledge of Hebrew and religious principles was adequate but of secular learning he was absolutely ignorant. At the age of thirteen he was sent away from home to Telšiai and then to Vilijampolė, where were situated two of the well known Yeshivot or academies for the study of Talmud.There he remained until the age of 15 and studied rabbinical lore with great zeal. About this time there was a revival of Hebrew literature and an attempt was made by many Jewish writers to introduce the learning of the Western peoples to the Jews of Russia. It was in this way that he was brought into contact with European ideas and inspired with a great desire for secular knowledge. His father had previously emigrated to Liverpool, England and established a tobacco factory, and at the age of 15 he rejoined him together with his mother and sisters. He made up his mind to study, but at the time he was ignorant of any European language except Yiddish and, although he knew a great deal about religious matters and Hebrew lore, he knew nothing whatever of even the rudiments of secular education. He worked in his father's business and could only study in his spare time. He succeeded, however, in preparing for the Matriculation Examination of the University of London which he passed in January 1907.Unfortunately the stress of circumstances made it impossible for him to continue. For some years he was employed as a clerk in a clothing factory, and later in an engineering shop. Eventually he obtained a post as a teacher in a small college at Margate, where he remained until about 1910. While there, he prepared for the Inter BA examination which he passed in July of that year. As a result, he was awarded the Martin White Scholarship in Sociology which enabled him to study at University College London for two years. During these two years he took all the first-class prizes offered for Modern and Ancient Philosophy. In 1912 he passed the BA Honours examination with a First Class in Philosophy and Sociology.The professors under whom he had worked were Dawes Hicks of University College London, and Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse of the London School of Economics. Hobhouse invited him to do research work in sociology and in 1913 he became Hobhouse's assistant, the result of their joint investigations being published in 1915 (see below). At the London School of Economics his work was largely on sociology and political science. At the same time he continued his work in philosophy. He won the John Stuart Mill studentship three times in succession. <mask> incidentally acquired a good working knowledge of French and German, and outside his main sphere of studies, he took courses in biology, chemistry and physics. In 1914 he passed the MA examination with special distinction.His thesis consisted of a dissertation on the philosophy of Malebranche and was accompanied by a translation of his Discourses on Metaphysics (1923). In the meantime he had been appointed Lecturer in Philosophy at University College London, where he gave courses on the history of modern philosophy, logic, and social philosophy. At the London School of Economics he lectured on sociology, ethics and the history of political ideas. During World War I the London School of Economics requested that his military service be postponed as he was standing in to give the courses which had previously been given by R.H. Tawney, Clement Attlee and Charles Mostyn Lloyd. In 1921 he was reappointed Assistant at the London School of Economics, and full Lecturer in 1923. A year later he was appointed to the Readership in Sociology, being supported by recommendations from Bronisław Malinowski and C.G. Seligman as well as Dawes Hicks from University College London.He published The Psychology of Society in 1921 and by 1964 it had reached its ninth edition and had been translated into many languages ranging from Spanish to Japanese. In 1930 he succeeded Hobhouse to the Martin White Professorship of Sociology at the London School of Economics. His Sociology, written in 1934, was described by The Guardian in their obituary as "probably the best introduction to the subject ever written". (Guardian, 1 September 1970). Main ideas

In his thesis on Malebranche, <mask> mainly argued against Mario Novaro's criticisms of Malebranche's theory of occasionalism, claiming that Novaro "entirely ignored the main difference between Hume and Malebranche in regard to causality. Malebranche does not, in truth, deny a necessary connection between cause and effect." Some of the major themes of his work were concerned with

1.The social responsibility of sociologists, which he saw as part of the more general problem of the ethics of knowledge. He believed that there was an urgent need to undertake fuller investigation of the relations between questions of fact and questions of value – particularly in the face of relativistic views that maintain that social conflicts have their origin in fundamental differences of moral outlook. 2. The second main theme is the question of what he called "Reason and Unreason" in human nature and society. He criticised the traditional view widely propagated from Aristotle through Hume to Bertrand Russell, that the main functions of reason in human affairs lie in the clarification, systematisation and control of impulse and feeling, and the discovery of means to their fulfilment. He contended that reason and feeling should not be held to be in opposition, or reason as the slave of the passions, but that reason could play a significant role in motivating action and directing feeling and conation. He sums up his view as follows:
"We have not to choose between Hume's view of reason as the slave of the passions and Kant's view of it as independent and over-riding them.We may conceive of it rather as that in our personality which strives for integration, deeper than conscious thought, but the more effective the more it uses thought, working within and through the basic impulses and interests and deriving its energy from them".~ from: "Is Reason the Slave of the Passions" – in The Plain View" Feb. 1955

<mask> was continually preoccupied with examining the role of reason in ethics. His position on this has sometimes been misunderstood – occasionally strategically misunderstood. He charted and analysed the diversity of morals among societies, and between groups and individuals, but made a clear distinction between that recognition and assumption that ethics must be entirely relative. In consequence he was ready to take issue with those who propounded emotive theories of ethics, and those who were influenced, for example, by the work of cultural anthropologists to adopt the relativistic standpoint. Cultural relativism, however, does not entail moral relativism, as its opponents often claim in a straw-man argument. <mask> manifested an 'objectivist' theory of ethics in the tradition of Plato, Aristotle, Mill, Sidgwick and Hobhouse. This led him to maintain that 'value' and 'obligation', 'good' and 'bad' are terms not further reducible or analysable into each other or into terms not implying them.He also deals positively with the notion of levels of moral development, and suggests criteria for assessing these. Using these criteria it is possible to detect unmistakable differences of level between different societies in the modern world. He saw clearly that there is no finality in these matters, and that conditions, circumstances and societies change, involving advances and regressions. 3. He was inevitably also concerned with the nature of Justice and its relationship to equality, and the associated question of Law as an increasingly important agent of social change and reform. The ethics of punishment and the complex nature of individual moral freedom and its involvement with legal compulsion is examined in "On Justice in Society" (1965), where he concludes as follows:-
'Three questions have to be asked (a) Is the use of force necessary or can the end aimed at be secured by suasion or voluntary agreement? (b) Can the end in question be attained by compulsion or does its value depend on its being freely or spontaneously pursued?These questions have to be faced in any effort to distinguish between the rights and duties which require and permit of legal reinforcement and rights and duties which are best assured by moral means;  that is, by inner conviction and free acceptance.' 4. Another pervading theme in his work was the advocacy of the liberal disposition of mind as a desideratum. He opposed this to fanaticism, impulsiveness, 'totalitarianism'. He was for sanity, coolness, reflection and restraint in judgement. His approach to problems was fundamentally Apollonian, and he mistrusted the Dionysian temperament, though understanding its nature and its potency. As he said ("The Idea of Progress" 1953 pp 72–73) 'The liberal mind is characterised by an abhorrence of fanaticism, a greater readiness to count the cost in terms of human happiness and human lives, a profounder awareness of the effects of violence, both on those who employ it and those who suffer it.'Works
 The material culture and social institutions of the simpler peoples (with L. T. Hobhouse, Wheeler), (1915)
 The Psychology of Society, (1920)
 L. T. Hobhouse (with J. A. Hobson), (1931)
 Studies in Sociology, (1932)
 Sociology, (1934)
 Reason and unreason in society, (1947)
 1923 Translation of Malebranche's Dialogues on Metaphysics and on Religion, The Macmillan Company
Essays in Sociology and Social Philosophy (in three volumes): 1. On the Diversity of Morals,  2. , Reason and Unreason in Society, 3. Evolution and Progress, (1956)

See also
 Moral objectivism
 Malebranche's occasionalism

Footnotes

References
 The above is adapted with permission from an address by E. M. Eppel given at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel in April 1991. External links

 Catalogue of the Ginsberg papers at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics. 1889 births
1970 deaths
British sociologists
Jewish sociologists
British Jews
Lithuanian Jews
British people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
Fellows of the British Academy
Alumni of University College London
Academics of University College London
Academics of the London School of Economics
Presidents of the British Sociological Association
People from Kelmė
Presidents of the Aristotelian Society

masks:
Morris Ginsberg
Ginsberg
Ginsberg
Morris Ginsberg
Ginsberg


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<mask> (November 30, 1913 – January 24, 1925, in Paris), Servant of God, was regarded in the inter-war period as the youngest potential Catholic saint who was not a martyr. His beatification process was opened on November 15, 1941, and suspended on November 18, 1947. Life
<mask>and was the son of count <mask> (1884–1972), a lawyer, and Marie Renée Mathevon (1880–1956). She had intended to become a Carmelite and she was a militant Catholic. Bishop <mask>, Bishop of Valence (Drôme) and friend of the family, introduced them and united them in marriage. He baptized their son as <mask> on December 7, 1913, in St. Augustine's Church [where?]. <mask> had the qualities and defects of an ordinary child.He proved to be wanton with his mother and angry with his brother Marc, born in 1916, but also sensitive and affectionate. He was especially frank and loyal, confessing to his faults at the risk of being punished. He died with the reputation of having never told a single lie. He reflected a very childlike faith inspired by Thérèse of the Child Jesus and of the Holy Face. In January 1917 he visited her tomb at Lisieux, where he accompanied his mother on pilgrimage. Although very young, he tried to imitate Jesus in everything. He "chatted with him" in the privacy of his room and, subsequently, during Holy Communion.He offered every day small sacrifices to try to "please Jesus". He was only five years old when he manifested his desire to make his First Holy Communion and, the following year his wish to become a priest. He learned to read and write in two months and was enrolled in the parish Catechism classes. On May 22, 1921, he took advantage of the provisions of Pope Pius X in favor of early communion, and he soon became an apostle within the 'Eucharistic Crusade' sodality. On that day after a month of preparation, punctuated by "118 sacrifices" which he diligently recorded, he made his First Communion in the Church of St-Honoré d'Eylau. He was given a revelation of his approaching death but kept it secret so as not to sadden his relatives. In October 1921, he entered the Collège Saint Louis de Gonzague, where he was a poor student, slothful and lazy in his studies despite his intelligence and curiosity.He was corrected and improved his character. He did not draw attention to himself but was noted for his charity and his easy companionship. He protected the weaker students but did not defend himself when attacked, forgave his opponents and did not keep grudges or hard feelings, was never sulking and refused to denounce others or to cause trouble. In July 1924, the family went on a pilgrimage to Lourdes. In front of the grotto, he had a confirmation of his earlier revelation that he would die soon, on a Saturday, the day of the Blessed Virgin Mary. On the night of 7–8 December, he fell ill with diphtheria. There followed a period of crisis and remissions during which, knowing he would die despite the optimism of his doctors, he disclosed his "double secret" to his mother.He confronted the pain with courage and died of suffocation on Saturday, January 24, 1925, aged eleven. Later reputation
His death caused a sensation. At the end of 1925, the Father Rector of St. Louis de Gonzague wrote: "Really the way in which the story of this little life spreads is amazing; the finger of God is here." There was a continuous procession of parents, friends, and religious at 37 rue Vital where the body surrounded by white flowers was exposed for 52 hours by special permission. A photograph of <mask> on his deathbed, taken at the time, was sent or delivered in his memory to a total of 500 copies. After a ceremony at Our Lady of Grace Church at Passy, the coffin is taken to Gare de Lyon and placed in a wagon with the arms of the Fontgalland family. The funeral service at the Cathedral of Die (Drôme), the family seat, took place on Friday 30 January 1925, "in the middle of a very large crowd".Encouraged by priests, including the Apostolic Nuncio, Bishop Cerretti, who wrote the preface to <mask> <mask>'s book, and the Archbishop of Paris. <mask> <mask> wrote from 23 to 25 March a short biography of her son. It was published in the autumn, first in an edition of 400, then 4,000, then 95,000 copies. It was translated into thirteen languages. From all of France and then from around the world, more is written about him. Many came to pray at his grave and visited his parents. Calls for the memorial images of him are taken by hundreds of thousands and distributed in 48 different languages.Some 726,000 parcels of clothes were distributed. Books were dedicated to him in several languages. At the inauguration of the statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, in October 1931, the Brazilian Episcopate and over five hundred priests requested the beatification of the child. They echo the 650,000 signatures already sent to Rome or Paris between 1926 and 1931. The following year, on June 15, a diocesan tribunal was constituted by the Archbishop of Paris, to investigate his cause. Up to March 1, 1934, 244 conversions, 698 religious vocations, 742 cures attested by physicians, and approximately 85,000 other graces were documented and attributed to him. In 1936, on 25 March, his body was transferred to the chapel Sainte Paule at Valence (Drôme) to assist the vocation of the seminarians.On September 11, his parents and his brother were received by Pius XI who had promoted his cause. There were by then 1,312,000 signatures of children and adults who asked the pope to accelerate the beatification of <mask>. The record of the inquiry is 1804 pages long. It was sent to the Congregation of Rites in Rome, on 8 February 1937. Pius XI died two years later. The decision to suspend the cause was known informally in November 1941, at the opening of the ordinary process, then officially on 18 November 1947, ten years after the close of the diocesan investigation. See also
 List of Servants of God

Notes and references

Bibliography
 Joseph B.<mask>, <mask> <mask>, Angel of the Eucharist, New York: The Paulist Press, 1932. Fr. Lawrence L. McReavy, MA, <mask> Fontgalland, Saint Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Company, 1932. Eugène Dévaud, Auguste Overney, La personnalité surnaturelle d'un jeune garçon: <mask> Fontgalland 1913–1925, Paris-Lyon: Vitte, 1930. Abbé F. Gellé, Petite vie illustrée de <mask> <mask>, Tolra, 1930. Abbé F. Gellé, L'avocat des enfants, <mask> Fontgalland, Paris: Le Pélican, 1931. Abbé F. Gellé, La Maman du ciel: 31 lectures pour le mois de Marie, d'après <mask> <mask>, Paris: Le Pélican, 1932.Félix Sartiaux, Comment on fait un saint, Paris: Imp. Lefebvre, 1930
 La survie de <mask> Fontgalland, étude documentaire, Paris-Lyon: Vitte, 1931. Gaëtan Bernoville, L'enfant qui a dit 'oui': <mask> <mask>, Paris: Grasset, 1932. Elie Maire, <mask> <mask>, Paris: Desclée <mask> Brouwer, 1932. Un parfait croisé: <mask> <mask>, Paris-Lyon: Vitte, 1933. Victorin Delvoie, Le serviteur de Dieu Guy <mask>galland et Jésus, Jean Dupuis, 1933. Comtesse de Galard Béarn, Un serviteur de Dieu: <mask> <mask>, 1933
 Y. <mask>gle, L'Apôtre de la communion précoce.Le serviteur de Dieu Guy <mask>galland, 1933. André Vignaud, « Ma maman du Ciel » ou la ravissante dévotion envers la Sainte Vierge du Serviteur de Dieu, <mask> Fontgalland, Paris-Lyon:Vitte, 1933. Luc Vérus, <mask> Fontgalland est-il un saint ?, Dosne et Silvin, 1934. Fra Vito, Preface of Valentin Brifaut, Message d'ange, <mask> <mask>, Louvain: H.Bomans, 1935. R. Meysonnier, Marche glorieuse de Guy de Fontgalland, Lugdunum, 1936. Abbé Camille Bouvier, Sous le signe de Jésus: Sainte Thérèse de Lisieux et <mask> de Fontgalland, Jean Renard, 1939. Abbé Goerger, <mask> Fontgalland et la psychologie de l'amour, 1939.Henri Louis Dubly, La Vie et la survie de <mask> <mask>, devant la psychologie, la critique et l'histoire, Paris: Epee, 1947. Robert Deshors, Un enfant a dit oui: <mask> <mask>, 1913–1925, Association des amis de Guy, 1982. Ludovic Lécuru, <mask> Fontgalland, 1913–1925 : un sacrifice de louange, Paris: Sarment-Fayard, 1998. Ludovic Lécuru, Joëlle d'Abbadie Un Ange pour Jésus, <mask> <mask>, Paris: Téqui, 2003
 René Charvin, Je ferai de toi mon ange, <mask> Fontgalland, Paris: Téqui, 2001. Thierry Lelièvre, Même les enfants peuvent être canonisés! Paris: Téqui, 2005. Une Âme d'enfant : <mask> <mask>, 1913–1925.St-Jovite, Québec: Éditions Magnificat, 1987. In Spanish:
 Gellé, F., Abate, <mask> <mask>, el niño del secreto, Buenos Aires: Gladium, 1939. In German:
 Maria Schmidtmayer, Des kleinen Jesus Brüderlein – Guido von <mask> (185–199), in the book: Es wird heilege Kinder geben; 6. Auflage. Innsbruck-Wien-München: Tyrolia-Verlag, 1937,. Jon Svensson SJ, Geschichte des kleinen Guido, Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1930.In Slovenian:
 Gvido Fontgalandski, Angelček, Ljubljana, 1930. Ferdinand Kolednik, Zgodbe malega Gvidona (Guy de Fontgalland) – 1913–1925, Škofijsko vodstvo Marijinih družb, Ljubljana 1931

External links
 Genealogy of <mask> of Fontgalland

French Servants of God
1913 births
1925 deaths
Deaths from diphtheria

masks:
Guy de Fontgalland
Guy de Fontgall
Pierre Heurard de Fontgalland
de Gibergues
Guy Pierre Emmanuel
Guy
Guy
Madame de
Fontgalland
Madame de
Fontgalland
Guy
Code
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy de
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy de
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy de
Fontgalland
de
Guy de
Fontgalland
de Font
Guy de
Fontgalland
de Montzai
de Font
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy
Guy de
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy de
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy de
Guy de
Fontgalland
Guy de
Fontgalland
Fontgalland
Guy


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<mask> (born December 15, 1980) is an American former professional tennis player. Personal life
<mask>'s mother is <mask>, a sports journalist. Her father is National Basketball Association player Julius Erving. <mask> met her father for the first time in October 2004 after she initiated a meeting. The meeting was documented by ESPN.com's "Reaching Out". <mask> keeps up with her father between tournaments. <mask> graduated from the University of Colorado in December 2007, with a Bachelor of Liberal Arts, Sociology.She graduated on the Dean's List and is the only final-eight member to have graduated from college while playing professional tennis. <mask> was inducted into the La Jolla Country Day School Hall of Fame in December 2009 – joining fellow Torrey, Rashaan Salaam, the 1994 Heisman Trophy winner. On September 11, 2001, <mask> lost one of her friends – Manny Del Valle, a firefighter – in the World Trade Center. She wrote an article in The New York Times about Del Valle, a driver for the players at the US Open. In 2002, the four Grand Slam tournaments allowed <mask> to wear the patch of Del Valle's Engine Company (Engine No. 5) on her Nike cap. Career

Early years
<mask> made her professional tennis debut in 1998 as a wild card at the US Open where she lost in the first round to France's <mask>.In 1999 <mask> qualified and ultimately reached the quarterfinals at Birmingham, a grass warmup to Wimbledon, before withdrawing to Magüi Serna because of a stomach muscle pull. The next week, <mask> was the number one seed during qualifying at Roehampton—and did not drop a set in three rounds as she moved into the main draw at Wimbledon. At Wimbledon, two weeks after graduating from La Jolla Country Day School, she became the second woman qualifier in the tennis Open Era to reach the semifinals. It was her second time at Wimbledon, having competed the year before in the Junior Wimbledon Championships. <mask> beat 11th seed Julie Halard in the third round. In the fourth round, she saved one match point against Lisa Raymond in a 2–6, 7–6, 6–1 win. She then beat Jelena Dokić in three sets in the quarterfinals, before losing to the eventual champion, third seed Lindsay Davenport.<mask> had 57 aces during the fortnight, her serve speed over 120 mph. It was the beginning of <mask> being known for the fastest second serve in the women's game. <mask>'s second serve was 105 mph – 115 mph. Phil Knight, the co-founder and chairman of Nike, flew to London to personally sign <mask> to a three-year contract. During the months following her dramatic run at Wimbledon, <mask> was named Rookie of the Year by Tennis Magazine and named Most Fascinating by People Magazine. She was interviewed by Barbara Walters for a Barbara Walters Special and was featured in a variety of national and international media. Nike flew a dozen flags with <mask>'s name in bold print during her first visit to the iconic campus.<mask> moved from California to train with Nick Bollettieri at IMG Academy from 1999 to 2002. In 2000 and 2001, <mask>, often pitted against top 20 players – including Nathalie Tauziat, Mary Pierce, Martina Hingis, Monica Seles, Amanda Coetzer, Lisa Raymond, Dominique Van Roost, Julie Halard, Jennifer Capriati, Serena Williams, and Venus Williams – worked on her aggressive all-court playing style as she found her way in the professional game. <mask> reached the quarterfinals at Quebec City in 2001, and the quarterfinals at Linz, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario en route. But, it was in 2002 that <mask> moved up to No. 18 in the world. She had played during the European indoor season in 2001 and was the only American player to appear in Moscow in 2001 following the September 11 terrorist attacks. In 2002, prior to the European indoors, she lost to Monica Seles in the Tokyo quarterfinals 6–7(9), 6–7(9), and there were no breaks of serve until the tiebreakers.Alan Mills, the Tokyo referee and renowned Wimbledon referee proclaimed, "This is the finest women's serving match I have ever seen." Soon after, Seles and <mask> were asked to serve aces for the American Heart Association, bringing awareness to heart disease. <mask> served 100 aces in 2003. During the 2002 European indoors, <mask> won her first doubles title with Serena Williams in Leipzig, Germany. She reached the quarterfinals of Filderstadt, defeating number one Jennifer Capriati. She was a finalist at Linz, beating two top ten players en route, including Capriati. <mask> finished the year at 18, percentage points away from No.17, Elena Dementieva. Injury and return
<mask> experienced shoulder pain in 2003 at the Wimbledon Championships. She worked on strengthening the area, but was unable to repair the tear. <mask> went to Birmingham, Alabama, where Dr. James Andrews performed a type II labral repair on her right shoulder in September 2004. In 2006, following 18 months of shoulder strengthening, <mask> began to mount a comeback. <mask> played in the qualifying round at 2006 Wimbledon, but after defeating Jelena Dokić, a player that she had played in 1999 in the Wimbledon quarterfinals, when they were both qualifiers, she suffered a pectoral strain and fell in the second round of qualifiers. At the 2006 Cincinnati Open, she also had a successful run in the qualifying round, but continued shoulder pain caused her to fall in the final round to Chan Chin-wei, 6–3, 3–6, 5–7.By 2009, <mask> gained shoulder strength and posted strong results. In 2010, Kevin Wilk, Dr. Andrews' physical therapist, said that <mask>'s shoulder "feels like a non-surgical arm." <mask> won the Sarasota Clay Court Invitational in April 2012. Playing style
<mask> joined Venus Williams, Serena Williams, Lindsay Davenport, Monica Seles, Mary Pierce and Jennifer Capriati as a premier power player on the WTA Tour in 1999. 6' 1" and right-handed, she plays with a one-handed backhand. Her serve, forehand, and one-handed backhand are noted weapons in <mask>'s all-court game. Her fastest serve was clocked at 125 mph.She had the fastest second serve in the women's game from 1999 to 2004 at 105–115 mph. She was the first woman to amass 57 aces during the Wimbledon fortnight in 1999. The power game came from years of repetitive lessons. At nine years old, <mask> began traveling from her home in San Diego to Los Angeles to be coached by Robert Lansdorp and Pete Fischer. It was Lansdorp who developed her powerful ground game, changing her two-handed backhand to a one-handed backhand. Lansdorp would tie her arm with an ace bandage to work on the backhand motion. Fischer, who also coached Pete Sampras, developed <mask>'s service motion, often used by coaches to teach "the perfect service motion."Fischer designed service drills to resemble Sampras' fluid serve. Broadcast career
Starting in August 2019, <mask> joined the ESPN tennis commentating team in their coverage of the qualifying and main draws of the 2019 US Open. She also did the commentating at the 2020 and 2021 US Open for ESPN. WTA career finals

Singles: 2 (2 runner-ups)

Doubles: 1 (1 title)

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner–up)

Doubles: 2 (2 runner-ups)

Singles performance timeline

_ = tournament was either not held or not a Tier I event

1 If Fed Cup (0–1 overall) participation is included, her record stands at 213–220 overall

References

External links

 Magazine article about <mask>

African-American female tennis players
American female tennis players
People from La Jolla, San Diego
Tennis players at the 1999 Pan American Games
University of Colorado alumni
1980 births
Living people
Hopman Cup competitors
US Open (tennis) junior champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' doubles
Tennis players from San Diego
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in tennis
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women

masks:
Alexandra Winfield Stevenson
Stevenson
Samantha Stevenson
Stevenson
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Alexandra Fusai
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Alexandra Stevenson


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is a Japanese writer, best known for his young adult mystery series Kotenbu, also known as the Classic Literature Club series. Biography

<mask> was born in 1978 in the Gifu Prefecture. From as young as he could remember, <mask> wanted to be a writer. At 11 years old, he wrote a sequel to H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, and started writing original novels in the second year of junior high school. In his second year of Kanazawa University studying literature, he started publishing his works on his site Hanmuden (汎夢殿) (the website was temporarily shut down after his official debut and these works are currently unavailable). His early work were diverse in genre, but <mask> was struck when he read Kaoru Kitamura's Flying Horse (空飛ぶ馬) and Princess in Rokunomiya (六の宮の姫君) while in university, and decided to turn his attention to writing mysteries. After graduating from university, <mask> convinced his parents to let him try and attain his dream of writing a novel for two years.He got a job as a bookstore clerk in Takayama while he continued writing on the side. In 2001, he officially debuted with the novel Hyōka, (氷菓) which received an honorable mention in the 5th Kadokawa Gakuen Novel Young Person Mystery and Horror Category Awards (角川学園小説大賞). His decision to submit was fueled by positive reception of Hyōka on his website Hanmuden, that he personally saw a future in the combination of light novels and mysteries, and because he was late for the deadline of another award. Hyōka became the first novel in a series dubbed the Classic Literature Club (古典部) series, to be distributed by the newly established Sneaker Mystery Club within the Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko imprint. Hyōka was soon followed with Gusha no Endorōru (愚者のエンドロール) in 2002. However, when <mask> had completed the draft for the third and what he intended to be the final book in the Classic Literature Club series, the label was going on hiatus due to changing trends in the market, so he could not get it published. Despite this, he was approached by Tokyo Sogensha who inquired what he was working on, thanks partly to recommendations from writers Kiyoshi Kasai and Kazuki Sakuraba.When he explained the situation to the publisher, they asked to see the draft and after a few days they requested rights to publish it. After discussions between Kadokawa, Tokyo Sogensha and Yonezawa, they agreed to have the novel published, and after changing details such as the characters and the setting, Sayonara Yōsei (さようなら妖精) was published in 2004. It was featured in the magazine Kono Mystery ga Sugoi! (このミステリーがすごい!) in 2005, ranking 20th in the domestic category. In the same year, he published Shunki Gentei Ichigo Taruto Jiken (春期限定いちごタルト事件), the first novel of the Shōshimin (小市民) series. Around the same time, he moved from Gifu to Tōkyō.In 2008, when <mask> published Hakanai Hitsuji tachi no Shukue (儚い羊たちの祝宴), he states that he started not only paying attention to the riddles present within his works, but also how they appeal to a wider audience. So when he published Oreta Ryūkotsu (折れた竜骨) in 2010, which incorporated some fantasy elements to an otherwise classical mystery story, it won the 64th Mystery Writers of Japan Award for the following year. In 2012, Kyoto Animation aired an anime adaptation of the Classic Literature Club series under the name of the first novel, Hyōka. Since 2013, he has been on the selection committee for the Mysteries! Rookie of the Year Award (ミステリーズ!新人賞). In 2014, his short story collection Mangan (満願) was selected as one of the best mysteries in the Mystery ga Yomitai!, (ミステリーが読みたい!) Shūkan Bunshun Mystery Best 10, (週刊文春ミステリーベスト10) and Kono Mystery ga Sugoi!It was ranked the top in domestic rankings and became the first book in history to receive three simultaneous rankings from different publications. It also won the 27th Yamamoto Shūgorō Prize and the 151st Naoki Prize. In 2016, he was selected by literary magazine Granta in their Japanese edition as one of the Granta Best of Young Japanese Novelists. Awards and nominations
 Hyōka (or Hyouka) [lit. Frozen Dessert] (Novel)
 2001 – The Encouragement Prize in the 5th Kadokawa School Novel Prize (Kadokawa Gakuen Shōsetsu Taishō), YA Mystery/Horror category
 "Kokoroatari no Aru Mono wa" [lit. "Anyone Who Knows"] (Short story)
 2007 – Nominee for Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Short Story
 Inshite Miru [lit. Try Indulging] (Novel)
 2008 – Nominee for Honkaku Mystery Award for Best Novel
 Tsuisō Godanshō [lit.Five morceaux of Reminiscence] (Novel)
 2010 – Nominee for Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel
 2010 – Nominee for Honkaku Mystery Award for Best Novel
 Oreta Ryūkotsu [lit.

masks:
Honobu Yonezawa
Yonezawa
Yonezawa
Yonezawa
Yonezawa
Yonezawa


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Dr<mask> is an American evangelical Christian author, founder of Turning Point Radio and Television Ministries and senior pastor of Shadow Mountain Community Church, a Southern Baptist megachurch in El Cajon, California, a suburb of San Diego. Biography
<mask> was born in Toledo, Ohio in 1941 to Ruby and James T<mask>. At age eleven, his family, which also included his three siblings, moved to Dayton, Ohio, when his father became the pastor of Emmanuel Baptist Church. Then in 1953, the family made the move to Cedarville, Ohio, when his father became the new president of Cedarville College (now Cedarville University). <mask> earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Cedarville College in 1963, and that same year he married his college sweetheart, Donna Thompson. He went on to receive a Master's degree in Theology from Dallas Theological Seminary (1967) and completed additional graduate work at Grace Seminary (1972). Cedarville presented him with an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree in 1981.In 1969, <mask> founded Blackhawk Baptist Church in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Blackhawk Christian School in 1973. That same year, he also developed and launched The Bible Hour, gaining experience with using televised mass-media to share the Gospel. In the 12 years he was senior pastor at Blackhawk, the congregation size grew from seven families to 1,300 members. In 1981, the <mask> family, which now included four children, moved to Southern California, where <mask> succeeded Tim LaHaye as the senior pastor at Scott Memorial Baptist Church (now Shadow Mountain Community Church). <mask>'s leadership of the church has led it to become affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention and expand to nine satellite locations that include Hispanic and Arabic congregations. The main campus of the church has become home to the Southern California Seminary and Christian Unified Schools, a K-12 Christian school district. In 1982, <mask> founded Turning Point for God, a multi-media broadcast ministry committed to Bible Strong teaching.With the mission to deliver the unchanging Word of God to an ever-changing world, Turning Point’s radio and television program began with local influence, developed national influence through television by 2000, and has since become an international leader in the world of broadcast ministry. <mask> has won numerous awards over the years through the Turning Point program, including the National Religious Broadcasters (NRB) Hall of Fame Award and the NRB President’s Award in 2020. In 1994 and again in 1998, <mask> was diagnosed with lymphoma. In 1999, a nodule was surgically removed from his neck and he underwent stem cell transplant therapy. The story of his experiences during that season are recorded in his book, When Your World Falls Apart. In addition to pastoring Shadow Mountain Community Church and leading Turning Point for God, <mask> is a prominent author and has become a sought-after speaker nation-wide, speaking frequently at conferences, conventions, and universities, as well as at the chapels for professional basketball and football teams. <mask> and <mask> have four grown children and are the grandparents of twelve grandchildren.<mask>’s oldest son, <mask>, is the president of Turning Point and the anchor voice of the radio program. <mask>’s other son, Daniel, is a former NFL scout, and now works as an analyst with the NFL Network. Turning Point for God

Broadcast Ministries
Today, Turning Point can be seen and heard worldwide on more than 2000 stations, as well as online. It is available across the nation seven days a week and is available to more than 480 million listeners over radio and 2.7 billion households worldwide through television. The major television networks featuring Turning Point include A&E, the History Channel, Fox Business, TBN, Newsmax, Lifetime, the Cowboy Channel, the Hillsong Channel, Daystar, RFD TV, and the Miracle Channel. Turning Point programming is available in more than 180 nations and in 12 languages to date. Internationally, the English program airs in Canada, the United Kingdom, Israel, Australia, and New Zealand, along with multi-language program viewership in Africa, the Middle East, Russia, India, and Indonesia.Momento Decisivo, the Spanish language edition of Turning Point that started in 2001, is now available in almost every country that has a Spanish speaking population. Print Ministries
<mask> is a prolific author and has released more than 70 books to date, one of which was The Jeremiah Study Bible (2013), a resource that has drawn from <mask>’s more than 40 years of study. He has received awards for his books, including bestseller recognition in The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Publisher’s Weekly, the ECPA Medallion of Excellence Award, and two Gold Medallion Awards. Another outreach of the ministry is Turning Points, a monthly magazine and devotional. Delivered to more than 400,000 homes every month, the resource features inspiring articles, daily devotions, a Bible reading plan, Turning Point announcements, and a monthly broadcast schedule. The ministry has written and released more than 280 editions of the magazine. Digital & New Media Ministries
Turning Point’s online hub, Davidjeremiah.org, features streaming opportunities, current broadcast schedules, and a daily e-devotional.The ministry also has multiple mobile apps, reaching users of all ages with Bible content. Turning Point has a strong presence across several online social platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. Generational Ministries
Turning Point has built age-specific content to connect with kids and young adults. In 2016, Airship Genesis was created to reach kids with the same quality content as their parents. Revolving around the expeditions of the Genesis Exploration Squad, the brand has become known for their children’s Study Bible, four seasons of online audio adventures, a mobile game app, and other story and devotional-driven books. Beginning in 2019, PASSAGES became Turning Point’s new avenue for reaching young adults. Lead by <mask>’s grandson, <mask>, PASSAGES focuses on teaching about a relationship with Jesus through adventure episodes and devotional videos.Live Events
The ministry engages in several live events regularly, including a study tour through Israel, conference cruises to Alaska and the Caribbean, rally tours hosted in major arenas nationwide, live studio tapings of the newest teaching series, and televised Broadway shows in New York for Christmas.

masks:
. David Jeremiah
David Paul Jeremiah
. Jeremiah
Jeremiah
Jeremiah
Jeremiah
David Jeremiah
Jeremiah
Jeremiah
Jeremiah
Jeremiah
Jeremiah
David
Donna Jeremiah
Jeremiah
David Michael
Jeremiah
Jeremiah
Jeremiah
David Jeremiah
David Todd


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<mask><mask> (; born 1972) is a musicologist and comparative educationist, employed as Professor of Music at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (Bergen, Norway), where he leads the Grieg Academy Music Education (GAME) research group. He has contributed to the fields of music education, ethnomusicology, sociomusicology, comparative education, and East Asian Studies. Since 2018, he has been manager of the Nordic Network for Music Education, a multinational state-funded organization that sponsors intensive Master courses and exchange of university music lecturers and students across Northern Europe. He is also a visiting professor in Sweden with the Malmo Academy of Music at Lund University, and an honorary professor with the Education University of Hong Kong. He has previously been sponsored by East Asian governments as a visiting research scholar with Nichibunken in Kyoto, Japan, and the Central Conservatory of Music, in Beijing, China. Education and career
<mask> has worked for universities on five continents: Sibelius Academy, Boston University College of Fine Arts, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Te Wananga o Aotearoa, University of Southern Mississippi, Tokyo Gakugei University and the International Research Center for Japanese Studies. From 2012, he has also frequently lectured in Beijing for postgraduate seminars at China Conservatory, and in 2015 was a visiting professor in Brazil with the music PhD program at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.Across recent years <mask> has given keynote speeches for music conferences worldwide: Poland, Estonia, Sweden, Norway, China, Tanzania, and Uzbekistan. <mask> also serves on editorial boards of several scholarly journals, led the Historical Ethnomusicology group of the Society for Ethnomusicology (of which he is a Life member) in 2009–2011, and was editor of the 25th anniversary proceedings of the Nordic Association for Japanese and Korean Studies. He has also been active in development of innovative postgraduate programs: In northern Europe he collaborated in development of the Master of Global Music program, in China he has contributed to development of the Open Global Music Academy, and from 2021 he is in a project funded by Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation to develop PhD programs in Uganda. <mask> teaches intensive courses in the fields of arts policy and international higher education for an international PhD summer school in Norway and arts policy in Beijing for law students at China University of Political Science and Law. He also teaches a PhD course in Non-Western Educational Philosophy. He holds the PhD and MA degrees from University of Washington, and a BA degree from Pacific University. Research interests

<mask>'s research is published in several scholarly books and 35 different professional journals.Music competition in Japan
In 2012, <mask> published Wind Bands and Cultural Identity in Japanese Schools, a book that identified the world's largest music competition and documented the experiences of its participants. With more than 14,000 competing wind bands and widely admired performances, Japan is an especially important nation for instrumental music education, and <mask>'s ethnographic and historical monograph has been described in the journal Music Education Research as "the most comprehensive information about concert (wind) band participation in any country." According to a review in the British Journal of Music Education, "<mask> delved deep under the surface of the seemingly everyday where he discovered anomalies and cultural specifics that are unlike anything found in the West ... His book performs the remarkable: a call to explore new ways of doing high school band programmes differently." A sociologist with Tokyo Metropolitan University has said that this book "can serve as an important reference and inform the decisions of those attempting to advance changes to the educational system." The book also describes Japanese composers, and has been used for concert program notes by prominent conductors, such as Eugene Corporon, and Timothy Reynish (who describes it as "compulsory reading for anyone interested in Japanese music") This book helps to explain why music competitions are a global phenomenon. Music globalization, transculturation and hybridity
According to Roberta Pike, <mask> asserts that "research is needed to explore the role of culture in music education." From a global perspective, <mask> has examined how musical practices, technologies, and genres are adopted into new contexts, including educational and religious traditions within institutions.In addition to research on Japanese composers, he has studied brass bands among Tongans and New Zealand Maori, jazz and popular music in the United States, Christmas music in Finland, multicultural and indigenous music education in Guyana, the learning of Indian music outside of Asia, and some cross-cultural music exchange projects in New Zealand and Ghana. <mask> has written of inherent tensions between originality and institutionalization, and contends that musical hybrid projects should be "recognized as the potential wellsprings of new musical traditions." In 2008 at Boston University, he taught a course on the topic of "Music Transculturation and Hybridity". <mask>'s research on this topic builds on the scholarship of Bruno Nettl, Margaret Kartomi, Mark Slobin, Timothy Taylor, and Tina Ramnarine. He twice served as keynote speaker for conferences on Music and Globalization in Poland, and the resulting book Music Glocalization has been described as "highly original" and "the first comprehensive account of how the notion of ‘glocalization’ may be useful in rethinking nationality in music and the use of local musical traditions that serve as a means for global strategies." In the book, <mask> collaborated with Polish musicologist Mikolaj Rykowski to introduce theoretical models and the term ‘glocklization’, which combines the glocal concept with a Glock pistol, to indicate unbalanced forms of glocalization perceived as destructive to cultural heritage. Pluralism and music institutions
<mask>'s work has also addressed the challenges of representing cultural diversity and embracing pluralism in music education, claiming for music a unique role in intercultural communication.He has advocated for popular music pedagogy and world music pedagogy as innovative approaches for reaching a wider population of students. Teacher educators have noted that <mask> "guides the reader toward a sociological understanding" of diversity, and offers "suggestions for 'empowering music teachers to respond appropriately to the complexity of ethnic differences'." Extending in directions pioneered by his PhD mentor Patricia Shehan Campbell, <mask> has also written of "the challenges of multicultural teaching in music" and "the central role that ethnic identity plays in musical meaning and engagement." His research in this area has often been in collaboration with Nordic scholars, including Eva Saether and Marja Heimonen. Along with William Coppola and Patricia Shehan Campbell, he co-authored Teaching World Music in Higher Education as vol.7 of the Routledge World Music Pedagogy series. Nationalism in music education
<mask> co-edited with Alexandra Kertz-Welzel (professor and chair, University of Munich), the 2012 book Patriotism and Nationalism in Music Education. This book includes contributions by music education researchers from several continents, and according to History of Education, discusses "how music contributes to the creation of an emotional climate in schools, and its function in fostering the formation of particular loyalties, identities and dispositions."Music psychologist John Sloboda described this book as "a 'must read' resource for anyone interested in this topic." According to a review in Fontes Artis Musicae, <mask> and Kertz-Welzel pose "challenging questions about the role of music teachers in propagating and inculcating patriotic sentiments", and the book is relevant beyond the sociology of music, to any "scholars engaged in researching comparative and political educational issues." Elsewhere, <mask> has argued that "intercultural music transmission" enables national boundaries to be positively transcended via music participation. Historical ethnomusicology
<mask>'s interests in global music historiography developed as he explored such topics as how European music was adopted in Japan, and how the American genres of jazz and rock music ironically struggled to gain acceptance in American schools. In 2014 he produced a book with Jonathan McCollum (Washington College) entitled Theory and Method in Historical Ethnomusicology. Through use of "a broad spectrum of geocultural examples, the volume includes several engaging strategies for using and writing about history in order to understand the world's musics". Ethnomusicologists Keith Howard, Daniel M. Neuman and Judah Cohen contributed chapters.<mask> now edits a book series in this field with Jonathan McCollum for Rowman and Littlefield press,  The Lexington Series in Historical Ethnomusicology: Deep Soundings. Music technology, virtuality, and online music education
<mask> has also been active in researching the application of new technologies in online music education and research. Prior to becoming interested in "big data", he authored an article examining the challenges of educating music teachers in a fully online doctoral program (at Boston University). This sparked some debate – with Kenneth H. Phillips, among others – that led to further publications on projects in Europe and Africa that made use of the Internet to support intercultural music exchange. <mask>'s interests in music technology brought him to collaborations with Alex Ruthmann, and projects on music and virtuality  as well as digital humanities and "big data" approaches with Danish computer scientist and computational musicologist Kristoffer Jensen. East Asian studies
<mask> has researched music in Japan, where he lived for about 5 years, and he often lectures for leading universities and conservatories in China. He has published several articles and book chapters on western music in Japan (and Korea), and developed International Perspectives on Translation, Education, and Innovation in Japanese and Korean Societies (Springer), the 25th anniversary proceedings of the Nordic Association for Japanese and Korean Studies.The journal Korean Studies notes that this book's "chapters echo the broader theme that language and translation are a font of innovation in East Asian society. This is a provocative idea, and the book does identify some tantalizing evidence." <mask> has also drawn attention to East Asian arts through the International Sociological Association. Philosophical orientation
<mask> claims that postmodernist discourse no longer offers an adequate explanation for contemporary musical practices, and that most music philosophy suffers from an ethnocentric orientation. Rather, he advocates a global-historical perspective: that humanity has recently exited a period of "digital prehistory" to enter a phase of "data saturation" through ubiquitous mass surveillance, causing conditions he describes as "glocalimbodied," meaning that local and global forces converge to "stamp" the identities of individual actors suspended within a social structure shaped by participatory media. <mask> also argues that music, now most commonly consumed in digital form, may be understood as "content" in a "selfie-stick society". In his view, this new context results in music creation and consumption increasingly transcending earlier connections to space and time, engendering both a blurring and reactionary institutionalization of local genres and historical styles.Consequently, <mask> contends that music education policies and practices should be re-envisioned to emphasize individual originality and empowerment via a musicianship of "flexibility", with inclusion of marginalized traditions, cultivation of both acoustic and digital competencies, and rejection of any ties to "aesthetic fundamentalism", techno-utopianism, militarism and nationalism. Music scholars have noted that <mask> "believes music education will become more relevant and effective when it attends more completely to 'creative agency via technology and musical hybridity'," and that "Music learned in school should have some connection to the music the student engages with outside of school and that musicianship should be understood as an ‘embodied practice situated in sociocultural contexts’." An advocate for increased contemporary music, music technology, and popular music in schools, <mask> nevertheless warns that these should not be seen as panacea for poor teaching or inadequate funding and facilities, and that historical traditions – including the heritage of "classical" art music – still legitimately require ample space in school education. He also developed an Ensemble Ethos Model to explain how conductors and ensemble directors can nurture a culture of musical achievement. Overall, <mask>'s work especially promotes the value of internationalism in teacher education, and emphasizes the importance of an international-comparative perspective for envisioning improvements to educational policies and practices. Criticism. While largely accepted, some of <mask>'s conclusions have faced opposition from other scholars.His research in Japan controversially suggests that some important aspects of music history are inaccurately "remembered", and he has argued that similar issues may be found in common music history textbooks in the US and elsewhere. <mask> asserts that music contests can have not only positive, but also negative consequences for participants and the musical traditions they display, and require careful design for desirable outcomes. Some music educators defend traditional pedagogies that <mask> and others claim need to be redeveloped or supplemented with new approaches. Robert Walker and Roger Scruton would disagree with <mask>'s position regarding the value of popular music pedagogy. Vincent Bates has argued that a "cosmopolitan" perspective may already receive excessive emphasis in the field of music education, while Thomas Adam Regelski has suggested that "culture" – a concept emphasized in much of <mask>'s writings – is too imprecise to be useful to music teachers. Musical activities
Primarily employed as a professor, <mask> continues to perform as a professional musician in various genres, and teaches a course in songwriting. A jazz trumpeter and classical bass baritone singer, in 2013–2015 he had occasional work as a professional chorus member (Edvard Grieg Kor) with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra, Bergen National Opera, and Berlin Philharmonic.In the 1990s, <mask> performed as singer-songwriter with Portland, Oregon-based alternative rock band Post Impression, which shared stages with The Posies, Heatmiser and Everclear. He later played as a member of Zimbabwean band Maichi Maraire and Kubatana, Seattle-based Cuban salsa band Son de Cinco a Siete, and his own jazz groups. Moving to Tokyo, he performed as trumpeter and vocalist in the duo Jazz de Iitomo with Johnny Todd, jazz pianist/arranger and former bandleader for Don Ho. Together with Todd, he recorded an album for vocalist Midori Takamura and had a few appearances with Mika Todd from hit J-Pop group Minimoni. In 2003, he also developed an original opera in Japan in collaboration with Belgian artist Eric Van Hove and electronic musician Kenji Williams. In New Zealand, he performed as a trumpeter with Auckland Symphony Orchestra and Manukau Symphony Orchestra, and in Russia he recorded with the experimental free improvisation group Moscow Conservatory Pan-Asian Ensemble. Books

References

Music educators
American music educators
Ethnomusicologists
Educators from Seattle
American non-fiction writers
Musicologists
American musicologists
American writers about music
Living people
1972 births
University of Washington alumni
Pacific University alumni
American expatriates in Norway
Sociomusicologists
Western Norway University of Applied Sciences faculty

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David G
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David Hebert
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<mask> (born July 24, 1962) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who served as the 26th United States National Security Advisor from 2017 to 2018. He is also known for his roles in the Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Born in Philadelphia, <mask> graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1984, and later earned a Ph.D. in American history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His Ph.D. thesis was critical of American strategy and military leadership during the Vietnam War and served as the basis for his book Dereliction of Duty, which is widely read in the United States military. During the Gulf War, <mask> served as a captain in the 2nd Cavalry Regiment, taking part in the Battle of 73 Easting. After the Gulf War, <mask> was a military history professor at the United States Military Academy from 1994 to 1996, became a research fellow at the Hoover Institution, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and a Consulting Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). He held a series of staff positions in the United States Central Command.In 2004, he took command of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment and fought the Iraqi insurgency in Tal Afar. He became a top counterinsurgency advisor to General David Petraeus before serving as the Director of the Army Capabilities Integration Center. He also served as the Deputy to the Commander for Planning of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan and, in 2014, became Deputy Commanding General of the Army Training and Doctrine Command. In February 2017, <mask> succeeded Michael Flynn as President Donald Trump's National Security Advisor. He remained on active duty as a lieutenant general while serving as National Security Advisor, and retired in May 2018. <mask> resigned as National Security Advisor on March 22, 2018, effective April 9, and accepted an academic appointment to Stanford University in 2018. McMaster is the Fouad and Michelle Ajami Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, the Bernard and Susan Liautaud Visiting Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and a lecturer in management at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.Early life
<mask> was born in Philadelphia on July 24, 1962. His father, <mask> Sr. was a veteran of the Korean War who retired from the Army as a lieutenant colonel of Infantry. His mother, Marie C. "Mimi" <mask> (née Curcio), was a school teacher and administrator. He has a younger sister, Letitia. He attended Norwood Fontbonne Academy, graduating in 1976; and high school at Valley Forge Military Academy, graduating in 1980. He earned a commission as a second lieutenant upon graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1984. McMaster earned a Master of Arts and Ph.D. in American history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC).His thesis was critical of American strategy in the Vietnam War, which was further detailed in his book Dereliction of Duty (1997). The book explores the military's role in the policies of the Vietnam War. It harshly criticized high-ranking officers of the era, arguing that they inadequately challenged Secretary of Defense <mask>ra and President Lyndon B. Johnson on their Vietnam strategy. The book examines McNamara and Johnson's staff alongside the Joint Chiefs of Staff and other high-ranking military officers, and their failure to provide a successful plan of action either to pacify a Viet Cong insurgency or to decisively defeat the North Vietnamese Army. <mask> also details why military actions intended to indicate "resolve" or to "communicate" ultimately failed when trying to accomplish sparsely detailed, confusing, and conflicting military objectives. The book was reportedly much read in Pentagon circles and included in military reading lists. Military career

<mask>'s first assignment after commissioning was to the 2nd Armored Division at Fort Hood, where he served in a variety of platoon and company-level leadership assignments with 1st Battalion 66th Armor Regiment.In 1989, he was assigned to the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment at Warner Barracks in Bamberg, Germany, where he served until 1992, including deployment to Operation Desert Storm. During the Gulf War in 1991 <mask> was a captain commanding Eagle Troop of the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment at the Battle of 73 Easting. During that battle, though significantly outnumbered and encountering the enemy by surprise as McMaster's lead tank crested a dip in the terrain, the nine tanks of his troop destroyed 28 Iraqi Republican Guard tanks without loss in 23 minutes. McMaster was awarded the Silver Star. The now famous battle is featured in several books about Operation Desert Storm and is widely referred to in US Army training exercises. It was also discussed in Tom Clancy's 1994 popular nonfiction book Armored Cav. McMaster served as a military history professor at West Point from 1994 to 1996, teaching among other things the battles in which he fought.He graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College in 1999. <mask> commanded 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry Regiment from 1999 to 2002, and then took a series of staff positions at U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM), including planning and operations roles in Iraq. In his next job, as lieutenant colonel and later colonel, <mask> worked on the staff of USCENTCOM as executive officer to Deputy Commander Lieutenant General John Abizaid. When Abizaid received four-star rank and became Central Command's head, <mask> served as Director, Commander's Advisory Group (CAG), described as the command's brain trust. In 2003 <mask> completed an Army War College research fellowship at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. In 2004, he was assigned to command the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (3rd ACR). Shortly after <mask> took command the regiment deployed for its second tour in Iraq and was assigned the mission of securing the city of Tal Afar.That mission culminated in September with Operation Restoring Rights and the defeat of the city's insurgent strongholds. President George W. Bush praised this success, and the PBS show Frontline broadcast a documentary in February 2006 featuring interviews with <mask>. CBS's 60 Minutes produced a similar segment in July, and the operation was the subject of an article in the April 10, 2006, issue of The New Yorker. Author <mask> has written that the pioneering tactics employed by 3rd ACR led to the first success in overcoming the Iraqi insurgency. Before 2005, tactics included staying out of dangerous urban areas except on patrols, with US forces returning to their bases each night. These patrols had little success in turning back the insurgency because local Iraqis who feared retaliation would very rarely assist in identifying them to US forces. <mask> deployed his soldiers into Tal Afar on a permanent basis, and once the local population grew confident that they weren't going to withdraw nightly, the citizens began providing information on the insurgents, enabling US forces to target and defeat them.After hearing of <mask>'s counterinsurgency success in Tal Afar, Vice President Dick Cheney invited <mask> to personally brief him on the situation in Iraq and give an assessment on what changes needed to be made to American strategy. <mask> passed command of the 3rd ACR on June 29, 2006, and joined the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, as a Senior Research Associate tasked to "conduct research to identify opportunities for improved multi-national cooperation and political-military integration in the areas of counterinsurgency, counter-terrorism, and state building", and to devise "better tactics to battle terrorism." From August 2007 to August 2008, <mask> was part of an "elite team of officers advising U.S. commander" General David Petraeus on counterinsurgency operations while Petraeus directed revision of the Army's Counterinsurgency Field Manual during his command of the Combined Arms Center. Petraeus and most of his team were stationed in Fort Leavenworth at the time but <mask> collaborated remotely, according to senior team member John Nagl. Based on his date of rank as a colonel, <mask> was considered for promotion to brigadier general by annual Department of the Army selection boards in 2006 and 2007 but was not selected, despite his reputation as one of "the most celebrated soldiers of the Iraq War." Though the Army's rationale for whether a given officer is selected is not made public, <mask>'s initial non-selection attracted considerable media attention. In late 2007, Secretary of the Army Pete Geren requested that Petraeus return from Iraq to take charge of the promotion board as a way to ensure that the best performers in combat received every consideration for advancement, resulting in <mask>'s selection along with other colonels who had been identified as innovative thinkers.In August 2008, <mask> assumed duties as Director, Concept Development and Experimentation (later renamed Concept Development and Learning), in the Army Capabilities Integration Center (ARCIC) at Fort Monroe, Virginia, part of U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. In this position he was involved in preparing doctrine to guide the Army over the next 10 to 20 years. He was promoted on June 29, 2009. Of the 978 members of the West Point Class of 1984 commissioned into the U.S. Army, <mask> was the second promoted to General Officer. In July 2010 he was selected to be the J-5, Deputy to the Commander for Planning, at ISAF (International Security Assistance Forces) Headquarters in Kabul, Afghanistan. <mask> was nominated for major general on January 23, 2012, and selected to be the commander of the Army's Maneuver Center of Excellence at Fort Benning. In February 2014, Defense Secretary <mask> nominated <mask> for lieutenant general and in July 2014, McMaster pinned on his third star when he began his duties as Deputy Commanding General of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command and Director of TRADOC's Army Capabilities Integration Center.Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey remarked in 2011 that <mask> was "probably our best Brigadier General." <mask> made Times list of the 100 most influential people in the world in April 2014. He was hailed as "the architect of the future U.S. Army" in the accompanying piece written by retired Lt. Gen. David Barno, who commanded U.S. and allied forces in Afghanistan from 2003 to 2005. "Major General <mask> <mask> might be the 21st century Army's pre-eminent warrior-thinker," Barno wrote, commenting on <mask>'s "impressive command and unconventional exploits in the second Iraq war." Barno also wrote, "Recently tapped for his third star, <mask>. is also the rarest of soldiers—one who has repeatedly bucked the system and survived to join its senior ranks." In 2014, retired Army Gen. Jack Keane, a former Army vice chief, commented, "It is heartening to see the Army reward such an extraordinary general officer who is a thought leader and innovator while also demonstrating sheer brilliance as a wartime brigade commander."<mask> requested his retirement from the Army following his March 22, 2018 resignation as President Trump's National Security Adviser, asking that he leave the service "this summer." National Security Advisor
On February 20, 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump nominated <mask> for National Security Advisor following the resignation of Michael T. Flynn on February 13. McMaster said at the time that he intended "to remain on active duty while he serves as national security advisor." Because <mask> intended to remain on active duty, his official assumption of the National Security Advisor's duties and responsibilities required a United States Senate vote; lieutenant generals and generals require Senate confirmation of their rank and assignments. On March 6, 2017, the Senate Armed Services Committee voted 23–2 to recommend to the full Senate that <mask> be confirmed for reappointment at his lieutenant general rank during his service as the National Security Advisor. The committee recommendation was referred to the Senate on March 7, and the full Senate confirmed McMaster by a vote of 86–10 on March 15, 2017. In early August, <mask> was targeted by what some deemed a "smear campaign" after he fired several National Security Council staff members.White House officials and journalists suspected Steve Bannon of leading these attacks. Attorney Mike Cernovich, radio host Alex Jones and Breitbart News were among the foremost promoters of the anti-McMaster campaign; Cernovich's website for the campaign also included a cartoon depicting <mask>, which the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) labeled antisemitic. In addition, the Center for Security Policy criticized <mask> for being insufficiently conservative and for not supporting Trump's agenda. The anti-<mask> campaign prompted dismissive responses by administration officials, and a statement from Trump affirming his confidence in <mask>. According to reports, <mask> had called Trump a "dope" in July 2017, which a spokesman for the National Security Council denied saying "Actual participants in the dinner deny that General <mask> made any of the comments attributed to him by anonymous sources. Those false comments represent the diametric opposite of General <mask>'s actual views". In February 2018, <mask> said that it was "incontrovertible" that Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election.<mask>, who spoke a day after a federal grand jury indicted more than a dozen Russians in connection with the interference, was addressing an international audience at the Munich Security Conference, including several Russian officials. Dismissal
On March 15, 2018, it was reported that Trump had decided to dismiss <mask> from his position at a later, unspecified date. White House Press Secretary <mask> Sanders denied the reports in a tweet, claiming nothing had changed at the National Security Council. On March 22, 2018, <mask> resigned as National Security Advisor after conflicts with Trump, and disagreements with him on key foreign policy strategies, including the administration's approach to Iran, Russia, and North Korea. He said in a statement that he planned to retire from the military sometime in the next few months. According to reports, the military was resistant to promoting <mask> and granting him a follow-on assignment, while McMaster was not inclined to accept the positions that were offered. Trump announced John Bolton, former U.S.Ambassador to the United Nations, as <mask>'s replacement. <mask>'s ousting closely followed the departures of several other high-ranking officials in the administration, including Trump's longtime assistant and communications director <mask>, national economic advisor Gary Cohn, and Secretary of State <mask>." As with Tillerson's dismissal, Trump first announced <mask>'s departure from the administration via a public tweet. <mask>'s retirement ceremony was held on May 18, 2018. It took place at Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall, and was presided over by General Mark A. Milley, the Army Chief of Staff. Among the decorations and honors <mask> received was a third award of the Army Distinguished Service Medal. Post-military career
HarperCollins published <mask>'s memoir, Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World in September 2020.Positive reviews of the book included Cliff May, Founder and President of Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), who said of the book "...with H.R.’s thoughtful, substantive, and intellectual approach. Battlegrounds lives up to this expectation, and then some. As a historian, as well as a soldier and strategist, General <mask> explores the development of the complex challenges facing America in the 21st Century. ", and Steve Cohen, an attorney at Pollock Cohen LLP in New York and a former member of the U.S. Naval Institute Board of Directors, who said it was "...a sober, thoughtful, intelligent volume that deserves shelf space for anyone serious about U.S. foreign policy in the first part of the 21st century." Negative reviews included Spencer Ackerman, who said the book "is disinterested in shedding any significant light on the Trump administration...The geopolitical perspective <mask> offers in Battlegrounds, in keeping with his year as national security adviser, pretends that Trump hasn't happened. ", and Gregory A. Daddis, who wrote of the book, "The entire treatise is an advertisement for coercive diplomacy, yet offers little exploration of the potential consequences of constant coercion of others, and of the increased risk of war that follows."In September 2018, <mask> began work as a Bernard and Susan Liautaud Visiting Fellow at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. He was appointed to the Fouad and Michelle Ajami Senior Fellowship at the Hoover Institution and serves as a lecturer in management at the University's Graduate School of Business, effective September 1, 2018, as that institution had announced on July 2 that year. <mask> is a member of the Atlantic Council's Board of Directors, and in 2019 became an Advisory Board Member of Spirit of America, a 501(c)(3) organization that supports deployed US personnel. In 2020, <mask> became a board member of Zoom Video Communications , and advisor to  Mischler Financial Group Inc. He is Chairman of Ergo's Flashpoints Forum, a consultancy firm. In September 2021, <mask> joined the advisory board of the geospatial-intelligence corporation Edgybees. At the end of 2021, he joined the advisory board of the artificial intelligence corporation C3 AI.In January 2022, he joined the advisory board of Strider Technologies, a software firm focused on economic statecraft risk vis-à-vis strategic competition with China. Decorations and badges

See also

References

Further reading
 Fred Kaplan, The Insurgents: David Petraeus and the Plot to Change the American Way of War, 2013, Simon & Schuster,

External links

 "H.R. McMaster: The Warrior's-Eye View of Afghanistan", Wall Street Journal interview May 11, 2012
 Online Video of Frontline program The Insurgency, see part 4. Nov 2003 Crack in the Foundation: Defense Transformation and the Underlying Assumption of Dominant Knowledge in Future War, <mask>. McMaster (PDF)
 Lieutenant General <mask>. <mask>: Visiting Fellow Biography, at the Hoover Institution

1962 births
American politicians of Italian descent
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
American male non-fiction writers
American military historians
United States Army personnel of the Iraq War
United States Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Living people
Military personnel from Philadelphia
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Silver Star
Tank personnel
Trump administration personnel
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army generals
United States Military Academy alumni
United States National Security Advisors
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Valley Forge Military Academy and College alumni
United States Army personnel of the Gulf War
American academics
Historians from Pennsylvania
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
Recipients of the Humanitarian Service Medal
Foreign Policy Research Institute

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<mask> (born January 1, 1993) is an American football tight end for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Western Kentucky University and was drafted by the Rams in the fourth round of the 2016 NFL Draft. Early years
<mask> was born in Clearwater, Florida. He attended East Lake High School in Tarpon Springs, Florida, where he was a two-sport athlete, in football and baseball. A standout in football, he was named MVP of his team, playing as a wide receiver for the Eagles. College career
Considered a two-star recruit by Rivals.com, <mask> attended Western Kentucky University to play college football for the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers. He caught 15 passes for 230 yards and four touchdowns his junior year.He caught 38 passes for 563 yards and eight touchdowns his senior year. He was considered one of the best tight ends prospects in college football. Collegiate statistics

Professional career

On December 14, 2015, it was announced that <mask> had accepted his invitation to play in the 2016 Senior Bowl. On January 23, 2016, <mask>'s representatives from Select Sports Group announced they had pulled <mask> from the Senior Bowl due to the knee sprain he suffered during the season. <mask> was one of 15 collegiate tight ends to attend the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was unable to perform any drills due to his knee injury, but met with teams and had measurements taken. On March 29, 2016, <mask> attended Western Kentucky's pro day, along with Brandon Doughty, Prince Charles Iworah, George Fant, and 11 other prospects.Although he was unable to physically perform, <mask> met with scouts and team representatives and scouts, including St. Louis Rams' General Manager Les Snead. During the draft process, he had private meeting with the Denver Broncos and New Orleans Saints. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, <mask> was projected to be a fourth or fifth round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the fourth best tight end prospect in the draft by Sports Illustrated and the fifth best tight end by NFLDraftScout.com. <mask> was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams in the fourth round (110th overall) of the 2016 NFL Draft. He was the 27th player selected in the NFL Draft in Western Kentucky's school history and the highest selection since Joseph Jefferson in 2002. He also was the first player selected from Western Kentucky in 2016 and along with Brandon Doughty, and Prince Charles Iworah, made up the largest draft class in the school's history.2016 season: Rookie year
On June 9, 2016, the Rams signed him to a four-year, $2.92 million rookie contract that includes a signing bonus of $580,860. Throughout training camp, he competed for the job as starting tight end against Lance Kendricks, Cory Harkey, Justice Cunningham, and Temarrick Hemingway. Head coach Jeff Fisher named <mask> the third tight end on the Rams' depth chart, behind veterans Lance Kendricks and Cory Harkey. <mask> made his first NFL start and NFL debut in the Rams' season-opener at the San Francisco 49ers and caught one pass for two yards during their 28–0 loss. His first NFL reception came on the first pass of the game of a two-yard throw by quarterback Case Keenum, before he was tackled by Tank Carradine and Eric Reid. In Week 9, <mask> caught one pass for a season-high 31-yards during a 13–10 loss to the Carolina Panthers. On December 24, 2016, he caught two passes for five yards and a touchdown as the Rams lost 22–21 to the 49ers.His first NFL touchdown came on a two-yard pass by rookie quarterback Jared Goff in the fourth quarter to put the Rams up 21–7. <mask> completed his rookie season with 11 receptions for 85 receiving yards and a touchdown in 16 games, with seven starts. 2017 season
<mask> entered training camp competing for the starting tight end job left vacant by the departure of Lance Kendricks to the Green Bay Packers in free agency. He competed against rookie second round pick Gerald Everett, Cory Harkey, and Temarrick Hemingway. New head coach Sean McVay named him the starting tight end to begin the 2017 season. <mask> started in the Rams' season-opener against the Indianapolis Colts and made two receptions for 17 yards during a 46–9 victory. On October 8, 2017, he caught a season-high four passes for 98-yards in a 16–10 loss to the Seattle Seahawks.During a Week 9 matchup at the New York Giants, <mask> caught an 8-yard touchdown as the Rams won 51–17. In his first season under McVay, <mask> caught 25 receptions for 298 yards and a touchdown in 16 games and 16 starts. The Rams finished the 2017 season atop the NFC West with an 11–5 record and received a playoff berth. On January 6, 2018, <mask> started his first NFL playoff game and had an 11-yard reception as the Rams lost to the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 26–13. 2018 season
<mask> again started all 16 games for the Rams and his receptions (24) and receiving yards (292) came close to matching his 2017 totals, while he had a career-high two touchdown receptions. He caught touchdown passes from Jared Goff in the Rams' victories over the Arizona Cardinals (34–0) and Seattle Seahawks (36–31), and he had a career-high six receptions (for 63 yards) in the Rams' 54–51 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs. The Rams repeated as NFC West champions and hosted the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional playoff.<mask> had two receptions for 30 yards in the win, which advanced Los Angeles to the NFC Championship Game. Against the New Orleans Saints, he caught four passes for 25 yards, including a one-yard touchdown from Goff in the third quarter that narrowed the score to 20–17. In overtime, <mask> had two catches for 18 yards on the Rams' game-winning drive, which ended in Greg Zuerlein's 57-yard field goal to send the Rams to Super Bowl LIII. In a defensive struggle against the New England Patriots, <mask> was held without a reception in the Rams' 13–3 loss. 2019 season
On September 5, 2019, <mask> signed a four-year, $31 million ($15.5 million guaranteed) contract extension that will keep him with the Rams through the 2023 season. During Week 13 against the Arizona Cardinals, <mask> finished with seven catches for 107 receiving yards and a touchdown as the Rams won 34–7. During Sunday Night Football against the Seattle Seahawks in Week 14, <mask> finished with 116 receiving yards as the Rams won 28–12.In Week 15 against the Dallas Cowboys, <mask> caught 12 passes for 111 yards as the Rams lost 21–44. During Saturday Night Football against the San Francisco 49ers in Week 16, <mask> finished with 104 receiving yards as the Rams lost 31–34 and were eliminated from playoff contention. Overall, <mask> finished the 2019 season with 69 receptions for 734 receiving yards (both career highs) and three receiving touchdowns. 2020 season
In Week 2 of the 2020 season, <mask> recorded five receptions for 54 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns in the 37–19 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles. <mask> would finish the season with 44 receptions for 521 yards and a career-high five touchdowns. 2021 season
Playing in all but one game, <mask> totaled 61 receptions for 560 yards and equaled his five touchdown catches from a year earlier. During the season, <mask> became the Los Angeles Rams' all-time leader in receptions (234) and receiving yards (2,487) by a tight end, surpassing marks set previously by Lance Kendricks and Billy Truax, respectively.His 17 career TD receptions is tied with Kendricks for second-most in team history behind Damone Johnson. In the playoffs, <mask> set new postseason highs for receptions (nine) and yardage (115). However, in the NFC Championship Game against the San Francisco 49ers, <mask> suffered a knee injury in the first quarter after catching two passes for 18 yards and missed the rest of the game. <mask> was later placed on injured reserve on February 12, 2022, the day before Super Bowl LVI. Without <mask>, the Rams won Super Bowl LVI against the Cincinnati Bengals 23-20. NFL statistics

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Legal issues
On April 20, 2016, <mask> was charged with second-degree assault, alcohol intoxication in a public place and evading police, following an incident on April 10, which he brutally assaulted a man of Middle Eastern descent outside of Tidball's night club in Bowling Green, Kentucky. He was identified and arrested after fleeing the scene.According to the report, <mask> stated he encountered Nawaf Alsaleh multiple times. The first encounter happened outside of Dublin's Pub, where <mask> stated Alsaleh kept rubbing his head on his and his girlfriend's face multiple times and ignored persisted warnings to stop. <mask> also stated Alsaleh was calling his friends telling them to come to their location to fight <mask>." He was asked by an officer how he understood what Alsaleh said since he spoke a language he did not understand, and <mask> responded that he "just knew." Once at the jail, <mask> stated to the arresting officer "that Alsaleh never tried to fight him or come after him as if he was going to harm him." <mask> just said that, "Alsaleh got into his and (his girlfriend's) personal space so he hit Alsaleh," according to the report. Multiple witnesses said Alsaleh had his hands down and two white males were seen arguing with him and yelling ethnic slurs before hitting him once.Following the assault, <mask> was quoted as saying "ISIS these [expletive],” and “[expletive] you, go back to your country.” The victim, Nawaf Alsaleh, was found unconscious and unresponsive in the parking lot of the bar and was hospitalized with a brain hemorrhage and concussion. On July 24, 2017, <mask> pleaded guilty to assault under extreme emotional disturbance in Warren Circuit Court. Judge Steve Wilson accepted a plea agreement where <mask> must complete a pre-trial diversion program, serve 250 hours of community service, and pay restitution to the victim. Alsaleh returned to Saudi Arabia, but was able to meet with <mask> in person, where <mask> apologized and shook his hand. References

External links
 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers profile
  Los Angeles Rams profile

1993 births
Living people
American football tight ends
American football wide receivers
Los Angeles Rams players
Sportspeople from Clearwater, Florida
Players of American football from Florida
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football players

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