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<mask>. (December 23, 1928 – December 12, 1952) was an American spree killer and mass murderer who murdered six people, including a family of five, on a 22-day rampage between Missouri and California in 1950–51. Early life
<mask>. was born in Joplin, Missouri, in 1928, and had ten siblings. When he was five years old, his mother <mask> (née Hinkle) died unexpectedly at the family home. He and his young sister Betty were the first to discover her body. A subsequent coroner's investigation headed by W. G. Hogan ruled cerebral hemorrhage as the cause of death, and noted that she had "apparently been in good health an hour before her body was found." Her obituary does not mention <mask>.—her husband at the time—and <mask>.'s father; no reason is given for this omission. Soon after, <mask>. relocated the children to an abandoned mine, eventually leaving them to fend for themselves with a few supplies.They were discovered there by the authorities and all the children were placed into foster care except <mask>. A deformed eye and belligerent attitude stopped him being adopted by any family so he became a ward of the state. <mask> was eventually placed in the care of a woman who accepted state money to look after him, but they had a poor relationship. He soon drifted into petty crime and was eventually arrested for truancy. At the age of 12, he told a judge he would prefer a reformatory to more foster care. <mask> spent several years in detention before he was transferred, aged 17, to the Missouri State Penitentiary. While in prison, he assaulted another inmate with a baseball bat.When <mask> was released from prison in 1950, he returned to Joplin and was briefly reunited with his father. He told him his intention was now to “live by the gun and roam.<mask> then drifted to the small desert town of Blythe, California, where he worked as a dishwasher until just before Christmas 1950. In late December, he headed east again; on the way he acquired a snubnosed .32-caliber revolver in El Paso, Texas. Crimes
On December 30, 1950, Texan mechanic Lee Archer was driving his car near Lubbock, Texas, when he picked up <mask>, who was hitchhiking. Shortly afterward, <mask> robbed Archer of $100 at gunpoint and forced him into the trunk of his car. Later, Archer escaped by forcing open the trunk with a tire iron. After the car ran out of fuel between Claremore and Tulsa, Oklahoma, <mask> posed again as a hitchhiker.This time, he was picked up by farmer Carl Mosser from Illinois, who was en route to New Mexico with his wife, three young children, and a dog. At gunpoint, <mask> forced Mosser to drive around aimlessly for 72 hours. At one point, Mosser nearly overpowered <mask> at a filling station near Wichita Falls, Texas; but <mask> was too strong for him. <mask> shot the entire family and their dog shortly afterward. He dumped their bodies in a mine shaft near Joplin, Missouri. <mask> headed back to California after abandoning the Mosser car in Oklahoma. The vehicle was discovered full of bullet holes and covered in blood.The receipt for <mask>'s gun was found in the car. Just outside Blythe, California, Deputy Sheriff Homer Waldrip became suspicious of <mask> and went to the motel where he had earlier lived with a friend. Hoping to question the friend, he was instead taken by surprise when <mask> himself jumped from behind the door and took his revolver. Waldrip was taken hostage by <mask>. As with the Mossers, <mask> forced the deputy to drive around aimlessly. During this drive, <mask> bragged about murdering the Mossers. After some forty miles, <mask> ordered the deputy to pull over and lie face down in a ditch, saying he would shoot him in the head; however, <mask> instead got back into the police car and drove away.<mask> then kidnapped another motorist, Robert Dewey, from Seattle. Sometime later, the traveling salesman tried to wrestle the gun from <mask>, but was wounded in the process. The car left the road and careened into the desert. <mask> murdered Dewey with a shot to the head. Dewey's body was found in Waldrip's abandoned car near Ogilby, California; <mask> abandoned Dewey's car in Mexicali, Mexico. By this time, all law enforcement agencies throughout the U.S. Southwest were on the lookout for <mask>, who had returned to Blythe. He kidnapped two other men, James Burke and Forrest Damron, who were on a hunting trip.He forced them to drive across the Mexican border to Santa Rosalia, where he was recognized by the Santa Rosalia police chief, Luis Parra, who walked up to <mask>, snatched the .32 revolver from his belt, and arrested him. Execution
<mask> was returned to Oklahoma City to stand trial for the Mosser killings. Because he had transported them across state lines, the murders became a federal case under the Federal Kidnapping Act. To avoid a possible death sentence, <mask> pleaded guilty to five counts of kidnapping. The guilty plea was permitted by the judge due to disputes over <mask>'s mental health. One psychiatrist thought he was sane and clever, while another thought he was insane. <mask> was sentenced to 300 years in prison, 60 years for each count, to be served at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.U.S. District Judge Stephen S. Chandler said "I do not think it can be justifiably said that the defendant had sufficient mental capacity to commit a crime warranting the death penalty by a jury or this court." Outraged that <mask>'s life had been spared, U.S. Attorney Robert E. Shelton jumped from his chair and shouted "If there was ever a death penalty case in the history of the nation this is a death penalty case. This boy’s childhood is no justification for wiping out six people, an entire family, in coldblooded murder. I want the public and the court to know that I demand the death penalty in this case. If the court heard all the facts in this case, I think the court might reach a different opinion." Chandler said he knew all of the facts and that he didn't believe the case warranted execution. He mentioned <mask>'s upbringing, saying "Society stands indicted for permitting this child to grow up among cruel and inhuman conditions and must accept part of the blame.This crime might never have been committed had this boy been given a civilized upbringing and education." At this point, Shelton objected and talked about his own childhood. Getting emotional, he said "My mother died when I was five. I lived in a dugout and I’m no criminal. I want the public to know I demand the death penalty." It was soon learned that <mask>'s sentence carried the chance of parole after 20 years. The public demanded that he stand trial for murder he committed in California.In 1951, a California jury found <mask> guilty of first degree murder for killing Robert Dewey. They did not make a recommendation for mercy, making a death sentence mandatory. On December 12, 1952, <mask> was executed in the gas chamber at San Quentin Prison. "I hate everybody's guts," he said at the time of his arrest, "and everybody hates mine." <mask>'s body was returned to Joplin, Missouri, to be buried in Peace Church Cemetery. Victims
December 30, 1950: Lee Archer (survived)
1951
January 2: The Mosser family
Carl Mosser, 33
Thelma Mosser, 29
Ronald Dean Mosser, 7
Gary Carl Mosser, 5
Pamela Sue Mosser, 3
Homer Waldrip, 32 (survived)
January 6, 1951 Robert Dewey, 32
January 21: James Burke and Forrest Damron (both survived)

In popular culture
 In his memoir, Education of a Felon, Edward Bunker describes attacking <mask> in the showers with a shank, cutting him several times before being hauled away into solitary confinement by guards. However, Bunker writes that this incident happened in 1950 in the "High Power" unit of the Los Angeles County Jail when <mask> was on trial for the murder of Robert Dewey.The actual trial took place in El Centro, California, in October and November 1951. <mask> was released from the Missouri State Prison in June 1950 and only in California a few months during that year and he managed to stay out of trouble. Records from the National Archives show that <mask> Bunker stabbed in the shower of the Los Angeles County Jail in 1950, it was not <mask>. The 1953 film noir The Hitch-Hiker, directed by Ida Lupino, was based on the <mask> crime spree. It starred Edmond O'Brien and Frank Lovejoy, with William Talman as “Emmett Myers”, a killer modeled after <mask>, right down to the deformed eyelid. The plot is a dramatization of <mask>’s kidnapping of James Burke and Forrest Damron and their flight to Mexico.An in-depth portrait of <mask>, his crimes and execution appears in John Gilmore's 2005 book L.A. Despair: A Landscape of Crimes & Bad Times. Cartoonist Mark Zingarelli made a seven-page hard-boiled comic story on <mask> in 1987, titled "The 'Cockeyed' <mask> Story" collected in The New Comics Anthology (). In the original script for The Doors lead singer Jim Morrison's film HWY, the main character is a hitchhiker named <mask>, which is a reference to <mask>. The events also inspired the second verse of The Doors' song "Riders On The Storm". References

 Gilmore, John (2005). L.A.Despair: A Landscape of Crimes & Bad Times. Amok Books. .
 Young Man with a Gun. Time (January 22, 1951). Retrieved on 2009-3-19. 300 Years Is Not Enough. Time (April 2, 1951). Retrieved on 2007-11-12.The New Pictures. Time (April 6, 1953). Retrieved on 2007-11-12. The Ghost of <mask>. Retrieved on 2007-11-12. <mask> at Find-A-Grave

1928 births
1952 deaths
People from Joplin, Missouri
American spree killers
American people convicted of murder
Executed spree killers
Executed American people
20th-century executions by California
20th-century executions of American people
People convicted of murder by California
Executed people from Missouri
American people convicted of kidnapping
Kidnappings in the United States

masks:
William Edward Cook Jr
William Edward Cook Jr
Laura May Cook
William Cook Sr
William Cook Jr
William Cook Sr
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
” Cook
Billy Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cookver
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Billy Cook
Cook
Cook
Billy
Cook
Billy Cook
Billy Cook


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<mask> (27 June 1833 – 3 November 1917) was a Canadian Methodist minister and teacher who became head of the Methodist Church in Canada. Early years

<mask> was born on 27 June 1833 at Iroquois, Ontario, Canada, son of <mask> and Emeline Shaver. His family on both sides were loyalists who settled in Matilda Township in 1784 on crown land grants after the American Revolutionary War. His father and mother were both grandchildren of soldiers of the King's Royal Regiment of New York. His father was a self-educated farmer and tanner. Carman  attended the Matilda Common School and the Dundas County Grammar School. He was admitted to Victoria College, Cobourg in 1851.This was a Wesleyan institution. Carman was converted in the winter of 1854, and was encouraged by his father to join the Methodist Episcopal Church in Canada. Carman joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1857 as a probationer. College principal

<mask> graduated from Victoria College in 1855, and was headmaster of Dundas County Grammar School from 1854–57. In 1857 he became professor of mathematics at the Belleville Seminary, and in 1858 he became principal of the institution. The Belleville Seminary took an evangelical and conservative position to religion. It gave a three-year course in classics, philosophy, mathematics and science tor young Methodist Episcopals, both men and women.The school was controversial to many members of the denomination, who were suspicious of learning. It struggled from lack of funding. There were only fifty students by the spring of 1861. Some were supporting themselves by doing jobs such as sawing wood, and others were paying their fees in commodities rather than cash. Carman's father sent food to the school to help out. Carman made the Belleville Seminary succeed through advocacy within the church and through his ability as a teacher and administrator. He was ordained a Deacon in 1859.Carman completed a master's degree in 1860. He married Mary Jane Sisk of Belleville on 19 July 1860 and they had three sons and one daughter. The seminary was affiliated with the University of Toronto in 1861. Carman became a full minister in 1864, although he had never preached on a circuit. In 1866 the Seminary became Albert College, able to grant arts degrees to male students. Women could attend undergraduate classes and obtain a diploma. By 1868 there were 190 men and 73 women at Albert College.Almost a hundred students were resident. In 1870 Carman established a faculty of divinity, and organized faculties of arts, engineering, law and music. <mask> was president of Albert College until 1875. <mask> also became a member of the Senate of Victoria College, a foundation of the Wesleyan Methodists. Towards the end of his tenure at Albert College, in 1874 <mask> was elected to the Council of Public Instruction. Other members included Samuel Sobieski Nelles, Egerton Ryerson and the Roman Catholic Bishop Joseph Lynch. Bishop
Between 1868 and 1874 <mask> was involved in the negotiations for unity with the other Methodist churches in Canada.Talks broke down due to the Methodist Episcopal insistence on an episcopate and refusal to accept laymen in its governing bodies. Carman was elected colleague of Bishop James Richardson and ordained bishop at Napanee on 4 September 1874. He was aged 42. He was succeeded at the Albert College by Jabez R. Jacques from the American Episcopal Methodist Church. After Richardson died in March 1875 <mask> was sole head of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Church members at this time were mostly rural, committed to an episcopal structure, believers in the separation of church and state and opposed to the Methodist Church of Canada. Carman tried to improve church organization and expand into urban areas and the prairies, but was not successful.In 1878 the Methodist Episcopal Church approved lay representation, one of the main differences with the Methodist Church of Canada, and in 1882 the Methodist Church of Canada accepted the concept of being led by a strong general superintendency. Carman managed to negotiate a Basis of Union, accepted by both churches in December 1882, where two elected general superintendents would head the combined church. At a special session of the Methodist Episcopal General Conference in January 1883 <mask> argued that the general superintendency would be a scriptural episcopacy. He argued for union, saying "Our great principles of doctrine, government and action can be harmonized into one Church – if they cannot, either our principles are false and wrong, or God never intended us to come together." General Superintendent

In September 1883 a provisional General Conference of the uniting churches elected Carman and Samuel Dwight Rice of the Methodist Church of Canada as the general superintendents. With the union of the Methodist churches, Albert College amalgamated with Victoria College to create Victoria University in 1884. The Albert College campus again became a private secondary school.Rice died in December 1884 and his successor John Æthuruld Williams died in December 1889. After this Carman was sole general superintendent until 1910. The Methodist General Conference of 1890 proposed to hold ongoing informal discussions about union with Congregationalists and Presbyterians, and if possible with Anglicans and Baptists. The Protestants should recognize the validity of ministries of each denomination and work together in areas such a mission work. The 1901 census showing considerable growth in the Canadian population of Roman Catholics and much smaller growth in Methodists. Carman spoke at the 1902 General Conference in favor of serious consideration of union of the Protestant churches. Carman was authoritarian and unwilling to share power.As he grew older he became increasingly abrasive. In 1910 the General Conference elected Samuel Dwight Chown as a second general superintendent. Chown's election represented a victory of the wealthy laymen allied with liberal theologians. At the 1911 Ecumenical Methodist Conference in Toronto Carman intervened in a debate on "The Permanent Results of Biblical Criticism". The British Methodist Recorder said, "Very pathetic it was to see this veteran stand up to plead against conclusions which he deemed harmful, in the presence of an assembly which in the main accepted them." The editor said that with his extreme conservatism he was "unwillingly singing the swan song of his views." <mask> retired in 1914.He died on 3 November 1917. <mask>'s son was <mask> <mask> (1865–1939), who graduated from Albert College and became a journalist with the Toronto Globe and then the Montreal Star, where he became editor-in-chief. He wrote two novels that reflected his father's social radicalism. One was The Preparation of Ryerson Embury (1900). Beliefs

Carman supported women's education. In 1881 he was instrumental in the opening of the Alma College for women in St. Thomas. Carman was orthodox, and tried to maintain the traditional centrist position of the Methodist church.He was opposed both to ultra-conservatism and to liberal theology, both of which he considered to be divisive. He rejected the view that religion should focus on humanity rather than God, or that biblical teaching could be used selectively. He felt these attitudes were incompatible with the basic Methodist belief in the need for a continued and disciplined struggle against personal sin, and would tend to weaken Christian beliefs. Carman believed that the Bible was the literal word of God. However, he accepted the value of education and was open to free inquiry. Although Carman spoke out against evolutionism, Higher Criticism and other modernist views, he did not stand in the way of these developments. He was in favor of social reform to make Canada a truly Christian country, but was opposed to radicals who wanted to overthrow the established order.He distrusted the wealthy laity and looked to the middle classes to take the lead in creating a more "brotherly" society. During his tenure Carman improved the administration of the Methodist Church, promoted Sabbath observance and fought evils such as dancing, gambling and alcohol. However he did not prevent, and perhaps enabled, innovation in the church's theology and evangelical tradition to meet modern requirements. Publications

References

Sources

External links

1833 births
1917 deaths
Canadian Methodists

masks:
Albert Carman
Albert Carman
Philip Carman
Carman
Carman
Carman
Carman
Carman
Carman
Carman
Albert Carman
Carman
Albert Richardson
Carman


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<mask> (1847 – 29 May 1933) was a Welsh solicitor who became the founder of the Football Association of Wales and organised the first Welsh international football match against Scotland in 1876. As such he became the "father of Welsh football". Early life and family
<mask> was born into the land-owning, industrialist Kenrick dynasty of Wynn Hall, Ruabon, Wales, the son of <mask> (1798–1865) who had founded the Wynn Hall Colliery, and a descendant of the Wynn family. After attending Ruabon Grammar School, <mask> trained as a solicitor (admitted 1871) and practised at Ruabon. Two of his cousins, Harriet and <mask>, were the first and second wives of the politician Joseph Chamberlain. In 1909 <mask> married Lillian Maud, daughter of the Rev. A. L. Taylor, headmaster of Ruabon Grammar School, although they had no children.Football career
His earliest football appearances were in England when he played for Priorslee at Shifnal, Shropshire. Druids Football Club
In 1872, he assisted brothers David and George Thomson in amalgamating the Ruabon-based, Plasmadoc club with two other Ruabon clubs, "Ruabon Rovers" and "Ruabon Volunteers", to form the Ruabon Druids. The newly created club played their home matches at Plasmadoc Park in the village of Rhosymedre, before a new ground was created in the nearby Wynn family estate at Wynnstay in 1879. At this time, there was no organised league system and Druids played friendly matches against other local clubs although they occasionally ventured further afield to play in England and Scotland, including a match against Queens Park at Hampden Park in 1877. Shropshire Wanderers
<mask> also played for the Shropshire Wanderers in the 1874–75 season in which he helped them reach the semi-final of the FA Cup, when they were defeated 1–0 by the Old Etonians. First international match
In January 1876, a London-based Welshman, G. Clay-Thomas, placed an advertisement in The Field newspaper proposing that a Welsh team be formed to play Scotland or Ireland at rugby. <mask> saw the advertisement but decided that the international match should be Association football.He told The Field that the footballers of North Wales accepted the challenge and he advertised for players:

To be selected, the players had to be born in Wales or have sufficient residence in the Principality. Although <mask> corresponded with several Welsh clubs and the Universities in order to raise a team he was criticised for allegedly overlooking players from the south. The test matches took place in February 1876 under the auspices of the newly created Football Association of Wales (see below). <mask> selected six players from his own club, Druids, plus two from local rivals, Wrexham, and one from English club, Oswestry. William Evans (of Oxford University) was the only player from South Wales selected, with the others all from North Wales, other than John Hawley Edwards who was born in Shrewsbury in England and had previously represented the England national football team. Edwards was a fellow solicitor and member of the Shropshire Wanderers. The match against Scotland was played at Hamilton Crescent, Partick, the home of the West of Scotland Cricket Club on 25 March 1876.The Welsh were well defeated, conceding four goals without reply. <mask> played at left back and acquitted himself well, with the match report commenting: "Evans and <mask>, the backs, played splendidly for Wales". Football Association of Wales

Provisionally known as the "Cambrian Football Association", the Football Association of Wales was founded at a meeting held on 2 February 1876 at the Wynnstay Arms Hotel in Wrexham, initially to formalise the arrangements for the forthcoming match against Scotland. In May 1876, a further meeting was called, this time in the ballroom of the identically named Wynnstay Arms Hotel in Ruabon where the name was agreed as the "Football Association of Wales" and the constitution was drawn up. The arguments and discussions continued so long that the local policeman came in to call time. Fortunately, Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn was in attendance; as the local JP (and also the sitting Member of Parliament), he went next door, opened the Court, extended the hotel's licensing hours, thus enabling the meeting to continue. The meeting ended with <mask> appointed as the first chairman and honorary secretary with John Hawley Edwards as first treasurer.<mask> continued to serve the FAW until 1884, when he left, probably because of the trend towards professionalism. In 1897, when the FAW secretary was charged with fraud, <mask> returned to guide the association through the crisis. He made the final break a few months later over the minor issue of the allocation of gate money to Welsh Cup semi-finalists and finalists. The Welsh Cup
In 1877, the FAW inaugurated the first Welsh domestic football competition, the Welsh Cup, which kicked off in the autumn. 19 clubs entered though only 17 actually fielded a team. The first match was played on Saturday 13 October at Newtown against the Druids and ended in a 1–1 draw. The game started at 2.30 in front of a large crowd with the high wind causing problems.Evans scored for Newtown in the first half, although Druids equalised through Daniel Grey to take the match to a replay. The match report says that "Ll. Kendrick (was) prominent for Druids." Druids won the replay 4–0 and progressed to the final against Wrexham. The match was a cliffhanger, with no score until the Wrexham forwards charged the Druids' defenders to take the ball over the line to win the game in the final minute, with James Davies being credited with the goal. Following the loss of their Plasmadoc ground in the autumn of 1878, Druids were temporarily disbanded. During this period, <mask> first played one game for Wrexham however decided not to join them and instead <mask> and several of his Druids team-mates joined the Oswestry club.In 1879, the Druids had gained the use of the ground at Wynnstay and <mask> returned to the Druids for one further season as captain, leading them to the Welsh Cup Final when they defeated Ruthin 2–1 (with goals from Jack Vaughan and John Jones). As captain of the Druids, <mask> collected the cup from Sir Evan Morris, who acclaimed him as the founder of Welsh football. Later international career
The return match against Scotland came on 5 March 1877 at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham, with <mask> retaining his place at left-back. The Scots were again victorious, winning 2–0. The match report in the Wrexham Advertiser stated:

<mask> missed the 1878 match against Scotland (lost 9–0) but returned to the side the following year for matches against England and Scotland. Described as "a small, muscular player and a full-back with a reputation as a fearsome shoulder-charger", <mask> had retired from playing and was attending the match against England at Alexandra Meadows, Blackburn on 26 February 1881 as a spectator. Jack Powell missed his train connection at Chester and <mask> turned out in his everyday clothes to give "a splendid performance" at right-back.Some years later, William Pierce Owen recalled the match at Blackburn:It was snowing and hailing and we had been playing for some time, when I saw what I thought was a spectator breaking into the field and making a violent attack upon Marshall and Rostron, the English right wing. Upon closer inspection I found it was <mask> <mask> of Ruabon. He was dressed in long tweed trousers, wore ordinary boots and sported a smart Oxford shirt. He played with the utmost vigour until unfortunately his knee gave way and once more Wales had only ten men on the field. According to the Wrexham Advertiser:(John) Hawtrey, the English goalkeeper, threw the ball out but was charged over at the same time and (Jack) Vaughan running up placed the leather safely through the goal for Wales. The Englishmen strove hard to get on terms with their opponents. Shot after shot was aimed at the Welsh goal but each attempt was rendered futile.When time was called Wales were declared winners by one goal to love. This was the first victory by the Welsh international side, five years after their first international match. Legal career
<mask> was Clerk to the Ruabon Magistrates from 1896 and was appointed coroner for East Denbighshire in 1906, a post he held until his death in 1933. Shortly after his appointment, he presided over an inquest into the death of a footballer at Chirk and, after amusing himself with a remark that the jury probably knew more about the game than he did, made the following comment on the game:

One writer who knew <mask> well described him as "thoroughly straightforward and conscientious. He has never been the man to court favour and popularity. His somewhat brusque manner perhaps offended many, but no one ever doubted his sincerity." International appearances
<mask> made five appearances for Wales as follows:

Death
<mask> died on 29 May 1933 in Ruabon at the age of 85.He was buried at Ruabon Cemetery. References

Bibliography

External links
 Football Association of Wales (FAW)
 Welsh Football Data Archive (WFDA)
 The Story of Welsh Football wrexham.gov.uk
 Biography on BBC Wales

1847 births
1933 deaths
People from Ruabon
Welsh footballers
Wales international footballers
Association football fullbacks
Druids F.C. players
Oswestry Town F.C. players
History of football in Wales
Founders of association football institutions
People educated at Ruabon Grammar School
Welsh football chairmen and investors
Welsh solicitors
Shropshire Wanderers F.C. players

masks:
Samuel Llewelyn Kenrick
Kenrick
William Kenrick
Kenrick
Florence Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Llewelyn
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick
Kenrick


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<mask> (October 24, 1832 – February 16, 1915) was a Welsh-American architect and poet. Early life
<mask> was born October 24, 1832 in Dolwyddelan, North Wales, the son of <mask> and <mask>. On September 2, 1845 <mask>, Ann and family (5 boys and one girl) immigrated to the United States. <mask> purchased 480 acres of government land east of the village of Cambria, Wisconsin. He built a log house and moved there in the spring of 1846. The farm was named Oakland. In May 1852, <mask>. left Oakland for the city of Racine, Wisconsin where he apprenticed with architect Lucas Bradley.His brother, Evan O<mask>, remained in Cambria and was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and Senate. Architecture
<mask> worked in Racine for about 4 years before he returned to Cambria. While in Cambria he designed and built many buildings in the area, along with maintaining a lumber yard. In 1871 he left Cambria to become the head draftsman for architect <mask> of St. Paul, Minnesota. In the spring of 1873, <mask> returned to Wisconsin and started his own practice in Madison. He set up office on Main Street across from the Capitol. He maintained the office in Madison until 1885.In 1880 and 1881 <mask> had a branch office in Racine Wisconsin. His head draftsman James Gilbert Chandler worked for him in the Racine office and later took over the business in 1882. One of his first commissions in Madison was a mansion for General <mask>, the founder and publisher of the Wisconsin State Journal. Atwood wrote highly of <mask> skill in his paper. Residences for other prominent Madisonians were soon to follow, Mayor Silas U. Pinney, Colonel C.G. Thorton, banker Lucien Hanks, and Judge <mask> Bunn among others. Madison was becoming a resort city in the 1870s and 80s.Two of <mask> commissions were in response to that. <mask> designed the buildings for the Monona Lake Assembly Chautauqua and the Tonyawatha Resort Hotel during that time period. Much of his other work was for the Wisconsin State Government. He designed buildings for the Normal Schools at Whitewater, Platteville and River Falls. He also designed buildings at the Mendota Insane Asylum, University of Wisconsin Madison and the north and south wings of the Wisconsin Capitol Building. <mask> had several students and employees within his firm. His students were Herman Esser, Owen J. Williams, and James G. Chandler.He employed Edward Stark, Frederick W. Paunach, William Kleinpell and J. Albert Swenon. The capitol disaster
In the spring of 1882, the Wisconsin State Legislature approved $200,000 for the extension of the Wisconsin State Capitol. An architectural competition was held and <mask> was awarded the commission. In May of that year bids were sought, with a project completion date of January 1, 1884. Twice the project went out for bids only to exceed the $200,000 approved by the state legislature. Twice <mask> was requested to revise the plans in order to bring down the bids. One of the revisions eliminated the octagonal towers and the lower ranks of iron columns were replaced with stone piers.Eventually the firm of Bentley and Nowlan were the successful bidders with a bid of $188,370. By late 1883 the north wing was all but completed. The south wing had some additional work to be structurally complete. On November 8th, at 1:40 pm the south wing collapsed, trapping and killing 8 workmen and injuring many others. Immediately after, Governor <mask> called together a group of specialist to determine the cause. The group was made up of Albert C. Nash, a prominent architect from Ohio, Godfrey Ludwig, the superintendent of public buildings for Cincinnati Ohio, Carl F. Struck architect from Minneapolis, and J.R. Willett an architect from Chicago. Their report placed the blame on substandard materials, specifically the cast iron columns.The day after the disaster, a coroner’s inquest was impaneled. That inquest was led by Dane County District Attorney <mask>. La Follette. "The panel found Nowlan culpable of "improperly and insufficiently" repairing a fault in the second-story pier near the southeast corner of the extension, which they found to have contributed to the falling of the south wing. They also found D. R<mask> and a consulting Milwaukee architect, Henry C. Koch, guilty of negligence "in designing the internal construction of the said south wing of the Capitol Extension without a due and proper regard for the safety during the erection . . ."

The aftermath of  the capitol disaster
After the collapse of the capitol, both the number and the scale of the projects declined for <mask>. In 1885 <mask> sold his Madison office to Owen J. Williams. <mask> returned to Cambria where he continued to design buildings until just prior to his death.His post Madison works include buildings for the City of Portage Wisconsin (Fire Engine House and Council Room), Columbia County (Register of Deeds Building, Jail and Sheriffs House, Insane Asylum, Poor House), the State of Wisconsin and numerous churches and residences throughout south central Wisconsin. In 1893, <mask> was hired by William H<mask>, President of the Plano Manufacturing Company, as the principal and supervising architect for the construction of a new manufacturing plant. When completed, the factory encompassed 25 acres of land in West Pullman, Illinois and employed 1400 workers. <mask> worked on the project from 1893 to 1905. In 1902 the Plano Manufacturing Company merged with the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, the Deering Harvester Company, and 2 other companies to form the International Harvester Company. <mask>' last known building, the addition to the Cambria Wisconsin High School, was in 1911. Selected works

General <mask> Atwood House, Madison, Wisconsin
Washburn Observatory 1401 Observatory Dr, Madison, Wisconsin
Monona Lake Assembly 1155 E Lakeside St, Madison, Wisconsin
Judge Romanzo Bunn House, 104 Langdon St, Madison, Wisconsin
Assembly Hall (Music Hall), 925 Bascom Mall University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin

Smith and Lamb Business Block, 105 W. Main St, Madison, Wisconsin
First Congregational Church, 103 S. Church St, Whitewater, Wisconsin

M.J. Rowland House, 124 W. Florence St, Cambria, Wisconsin
George Q. Erskine House, 920 Main St, Racine, Wisconsin
Wisconsin Building, U.S. Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Wisconsin State Capitol Extension (3rd Capitol), Madison, Wisconsin
Magnetic Observatory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Plano Manufacturing Company, West Pullman, Illinois
Tonyawatha Spring Hotel, Madison, Wisconsin
State Normal School, River Falls, Wisconsin
H.T.Bailey Store and Opera House, 194 E Court St, Richland Center, Wisconsin
Warren House Hotel, Baraboo, Wisconsin
Engine House #3, 700 6th St, Racine, Wisconsin
Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wisconsin
Rountree Hall Addition, 30 N. Elm St., Platteville, Wisconsin
Grace Episcopal Church (Rem), 116 W. Washington Avenue, Madison Wisconsin

Poetry
<mask> was considered a fine poet among many Welsh Americans, but because of the influence of Charles Darwin on his poetry, others found it unacceptable. He wrote poetry for the newspaper ‘Y Drych’ and for local publications such as the Cambria News. <mask> and his poetry were featured in the Cambrian, a magazine published in Utica New York. <mask> had two books of poetry published, “Hans Bywrd yr Han Lywyd” (1897) and “Yr Ymchwilan y Galwuni” (1910). His unpublished works are in a collection at Bangor University in Wales UK. Personal life
On October 30, 1857, <mask> married Jane Williams of Welsh Prairie, Wisconsin. Four children were born from this union, (Mary, Margaret, <mask> and Jane).<mask> died in 1865, a year after his birth from scarlet fever. Though <mask>’s death was painful for the entire family, it was especially difficult for <mask> to lose his son. Six years later, his wife, Jane, died in 1871 while the family was living in St. Paul, Minnesota. He was left with his three daughters to mourn her loss. <mask> moved back to Wisconsin in 1873. It was there that he met the woman that was to be his new bride. On December 24, 1878 he was married to <mask> of Sun Prairie, Wisconsin.She remained by his side until his death in 1915. Death
<mask> <mask> died February 16, 1915, at the age of 82 and is buried in the Cambria Cemetery along with his wives. References

1832 births
1915 deaths
Welsh emigrants to the United States
People from Conwy County Borough
People from Madison, Wisconsin
Architects from Wisconsin
Poets from Wisconsin
People from Cambria, Wisconsin
People from Racine, Wisconsin

masks:
David Richard Jones
Jones
Richard James Jones
Ann Jones
Richard
Richard
David R
. Jones
Jones
Abraham Radcliffe
Jones
Jones
David Atwood
Jones
Romanzo
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jeremiah Rusk
Robert M
. Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
. Jones
Jones
Jones
David
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Richard
Richard
Richard
David
Jones
Annie Roberts
David Richard
Jones


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<mask> (born 8 August 1950) is a British novelist, journalist, broadcaster, and critic. She is married with two daughters, and lives in London and Florence. Early life
<mask> was born in 1950 and raised in London. She is the daughter of <mask>, a former Welsh airline steward who later became a manager at British Airways, and his French wife Estelle, who grew up in Bangalore, India. She went to Godolphin and Latymer, a local girls' grammar school. She then studied history at Newnham College, Cambridge, where she was involved in the amateur theatrical club Footlights. After she graduated, she earned an actor's equity card and moved to Tokyo, Japan.In Tokyo, she worked as an English teacher and nightclub hostess for six months, before returning home through Southeast Asia. Broadcasting career
She worked at BBC Radio 4 for two years in London, producing its then arts magazine Kaleidoscope, before travelling again, this time overland through North, Central and South America, a trip that became research material for her first solo novel Snow Storms in Hot Climate (1988), a thriller about the early cocaine trade in Colombia. She went on to work extensively in radio and television, most notably as a presenter of BBC2's late night live arts programme, The Late Show in the 1990s and Night Waves, BBC Radio 3's nightly cultural discussion programme. She contributes regularly to radio, and is an occasional presenter for BBC Radio 4's opinion slot "Point of View". Writing
<mask> started writing in her late twenties, first with a friend, with whom she produced two political thrillers and a five-part BBC1 drama series - Thin Air, starring Kate Hardie, Nicky Henson and Clive Merrison, broadcast in 1988 - before going solo. Her eleven subsequent novels have explored two genres: contemporary thrillers and historical fiction. What unites the two is her decision to use avowedly popular forms, characterised by compelling storytelling, as a way to explore serious subject matter and reach large audiences.This has included (though not exclusively) a passionate commitment to feminism and the role of women inside history. In the 1990s, she wrote a trilogy around a British female private eye Hannah Wolfe, spotlighting issues like surrogacy, cosmetic surgery, animal rights, and violence to women. Sexual violence was also at the centre of "Transgressions" (based on a mysterious series of incidents happening in her house which tackled what might happen if a woman woke to an intruder in her house and live to tell the tale. The resulting furore over the actions of the heroine "caused the book to become a cause celebre which triggered a debate about rape and popular culture". In 2000, an extended visit to Florence changed her working life. In what she acknowledged was something of a midlife crisis, her old passion for history was reignited, and she started to research the impact of the Renaissance on the city in the 1490s. The result was The Birth of Venus, the first of a trilogy of novels about women's lives in the Italian Renaissance.The commercial success of these books in America and elsewhere allowed <mask> to devote herself full time to writing and research, concentrating on the most current work being done in Renaissance studies, most particularly concerning the lives of women. The novel Sacred Hearts, a story of nuns in an enclosed convent in 16th century Ferrara, led to collaboration with the early music group, Musica Secreta: a theatrical adaptation using the music of the period and with a choir, performed in churches and at early music festivals around Britain. Since then, she has been working on the history of the Borgia family, seeking to separate the colorful historical truth from the smear and gossip that built up during their lives, and in history after their deaths. It has made her a passionate advocate for better historical accuracy in popular TV series like The Borgias. As a journalist she has reviewed for many UK newspapers, edited two books of essays on political correctness and millennial anxieties, and currently reviews for the New York Times. Awards/citations
Her crime novels were three times shortlisted for the CWA Golden dagger award, and in 1994 she won a silver dagger for Fatlands. In 2010 Sacred Hearts was shortlisted for the first Walter Scott Historical Fiction Prize, an award which highlighted the growing power and popularity of the form.She is an accredited lecturer for NADFAS the UK arts charity, which promotes education and appreciation of fine arts. In 2016, she was awarded an honorary doctorate of letters from Oxford Brookes University, where she is a guest lecturer on the Creative writing M.A. course. Views
In her journalism and public speaking, she is a feminist, and an advocate for legalisation of marijuana. A Catholic by birth, she has also written about the importance of religion in history and the need for Catholicism to reform itself. Bibliography

Mystery

Marla Masterson (co-written with Peter Busby as <mask>)
 Exterminating Angels, 1983. London, David & Charles.Intensive Care, 1986. London, Andre Deutsch. Hannah Wolfe
 Birth Marks, 1992. New York, Doubleday. Fatlands, 1993. New York, Penzler Books. Under My Skin, 1995.New York, Scribner Book Co.

Standalone
 Snow Storms in a Hot Climate, 1988. New York, Random House. Transgressions, 1997. New York, HarperCollins. Mapping the Edge, 1999. New York, Random House. Historical Novels of the Italian Renaissance

The Borgias
 Blood and Beauty, 2013.London, Virago Press. In the Name of the Family, 2017. London, Virago Press. Standalone
 The Birth of Venus, 2003. New York, Random House. In the Company of the Courtesan, 2006. London, Virago Press.Sacred Hearts, 2009. New York, Random House. Non-Fiction
 The War of the Words: The Political Correctness Debate, 1995. London, Virago Press. The Age of Anxiety, 1996. London, Virago Press. (with Roy Porter)

Awards
 1993 Silver Dagger Award, for Crime Fiction, winner, Fatlands
 2010 Walter Scott Prize, for historical fiction, shortlist, Sacred Hearts

References

External links

 Transcript of interview with Ramona Koval, The Book Show, ABC Radio National, 15 April 2007

 <mask> interview from Open2.net
 Listen to an audio slideshow interview with <mask> talking about Sacred Hearts on The Interview Online
 "<mask> is a Fellow on the MA in Creative Writing at Oxford Brookes University"

1950 births
Living people
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
English women novelists
English historical novelists
English thriller writers
English crime fiction writers
English people of Welsh descent
People educated at Godolphin and Latymer School
20th-century English novelists
21st-century British novelists
20th-century English women writers
21st-century English women writers
Women mystery writers
Women thriller writers
Women historical novelists

masks:
Sarah Dunant
Dunant
David Dunant
Dunant
Dunant
Peter Dunant
Sarah Dunant
Sarah Dunant
Sarah


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<mask> (born 28 June 1973) is an Austrian classical singer who has performed operatic roles in soprano, mezzo-soprano and contralto repertory. She has appeared at opera houses in Vienna and internationally. She has performed early operas such as Legrenzi's Il Giustino as well as new works, creating the role of Gora in the premiere of Reimann's Medea at the Vienna State Opera. She recorded Lieder by Mussorgsky, Bach's Christmas Oratorio with Peter Schreier and Beethoven's Missa solemnis with Nikolaus Harnoncourt. From 2015, she has focused on concert singing. Career
Born in Oberpullendorf, <mask> achieved the Matura in 1991. She studied Russian,  and musicology.She was a choir singer in several notable choirs in Vienna, including Arnold Schoenberg Chor, Concentus Vocalis Wien, Wiener Singakademie, Wiener Kammerchor and . She began voice studies in 1995 at the Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien with Helena Lazarska. She completed her studies in both Oper and Lied und Oratorium as a master of arts mit Auszeichnung. She was immediately engaged to appear as Pamina in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte at the Wiener Volksoper in 2001, followed by other Mozart roles such as the Countess in Le nozze di Figaro and Donna Elvira in Don Giovanni. In 2004, <mask> changed to mezzo-soprano, with the title role of Suppé's Boccaccio, staged by Helmuth Lohner. She appeared as Orpheus in Gluck's Orphée et Eurydice at the Opéra National de Paris in June 2005. In the New Year's Eve 2006 production of Die Fledermaus, she was Prince Orlofsky, a performance that garnered her the .She sang the title role of Bizet's Carmen at the Staatsoper Berlin in 2007. In 2010, she appeared as Gora in the premiere of Aribert Reimann's Medea at the Vienna State Opera. In 2011 she appeared in Berlin again as Smeton in Donizetti's Anna Bolena, alongside Anna Netrebko in the title role and Elīna Garanča as Giovanna Seymour. In the field of historically informed performance, she appeared in two opera revivals at the Schwetzingen Festival, both conducted by Thomas Hengelbrock, in 2005 in Alessandro Scarlatti's Telemaco, and in 2007 in the title role of Giovanni Legrenzi's Il Giustino. As a Lied singer, often with Walter Moore as the pianist, she has focused on unusual repertory such as Mussorgsky Dis-Covered, a project of , and Mahler arrangements with the ensemble Amarcord Wien. She recorded Bach's Christmas Oratorio on DVD, conducted by Peter Schreier who also performed the part of the Evangelist, with the Münchener Bach-Chor, the Bach Collegium München, Sibylla Rubens, Martin Petzold and Andreas Scheibner. In 2013, she recorded Beethoven's Missa solemnis, conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt, with the Netherlands Radio Choir, the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and alongside Marlis Petersen, Werner Güra and Gerald Finley.From April 2015, she has focused on concerts. Grazer Gartenfestival 2000; Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien 2001; Volksoper Wien 2003 and 2004
 Mme Euterpova – Menotti: Help! Help! The Globolinks!

masks:
Elisabeth Kulman
Kulman
Kulman


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<mask> (born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico 1957) is a Mexican investor who is the founder and managing partner of Fintech Advisory, a firm that specializes in corporate and sovereign debt. Fintech has offices in London and New York City, and he currently divides his time between those two cities. Described as "the most influential Mexican on Wall Street," <mask> played a major role in the restructuring of Argentina's sovereign debt and described himself in 2013 as having participated in nearly every restructuring of sovereign debt during the previous 25 years. His investments have been characterized as extending "from New York to Patagonia." He is a major holder of assets in Argentina, with Fintech Media LLC, a subsidiary of Fintech Advisory, owning "more than a billion dollars in financial assets" in Argentina alone. Early life and education
<mask> was born to <mask> and Julia Guzmán in Monterrey, Mexico. His family lived an average life until his father inherited a small fortune.Later, <mask> moved to Rome and enrolled in Legion of Christ Seminary to become a priest. After just six months he decided he was not suited for that vocation. The New York Times has noted that <mask>'s hometown, Monterrey, "is home to some of Mexico's largest industrial companies," with power being "heavily concentrated among businessmen in the so-called Group of 10, a club that includes the Sada family." Although <mask> "was not a part of that circle, he has cultivated deep connections to it," helping the Sadas in 2004, for example, when one of their firms went bankrupt, and, later, becoming involved in the bankruptcy of the Sada-owned firm Vitro. According to one source, <mask>'s "paternal great great grandmother was the sister of the paternal grandfather of Adrian Sada." "As a young man," according to The New York Times, <mask> "was a member of Regnum Christi, an evangelical group related to the Legionaries of Christ, an influential Roman Catholic order in Mexico that includes among its benefactors the billionaire Carlos Slim." After earning a degree in electrical engineering from the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM or Tec de Monterrey), he "moved to Rome to study philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University and considered becoming a priest."He soon decided, however, that he did not have a clerical vocation, and instead obtained a loan from a friend's father in order to study at Harvard Business School. There he excelled as a student, made important connections, and earned an MBA. Career
After receiving his MBA, <mask> went to work for Citigroup, taking a position on the emerging-markets desk in New York. At Citigroup he began to work "with distressed debt in far-flung places." In 1985, he left Citigroup. Fintech
When he turned 30 in 1987, <mask> started Fintech, reportedly with the help of a US$300,000 loan from his grandmother, which he was able to repay with interest within a year. One of <mask>'s most notable negotiations involved the restructuring of the debt of the Mexican chemicals and textile conglomerate Celulosa y Derivados, Sociedad Anónima (CYDSA), a company that had denied him a job when he was younger.CYDSA agreed to an exchange of debt for equity that would hand control of the company to creditors. Fintech bought US$400 million of CYDSA debt for US$40 million and thereby obtained 60% of the shares, taking control of the company from its founders, the Gonzalez Sada family. Restructuring of Argentina's debt
<mask> has been heavily involved in the Argentinian economy for many years. In 1994, he "invested in the wrecked Argentinean economy by buying government bonds with a maturity of 37 years for $834 million." "Fintech was one of the major participants in the exchange of 2005," wrote William Dahill, a lawyer for <mask>. "He realized that the only way" that Argentina could recover from its economic crisis "would be through a reduction of its liabilities, which would allow the economy to grow and the country regain a minimum level of creditworthiness." Between 2004 and 2006, according to Daniel Marx, a former Finance Secretary of Argentina, <mask> paid $100 million on the secondary market for Argentine bonds with a nominal value of $700 million.His "wholesale" purchase of defaulted Argentinian bonds was considered an act of "loyalty" to Argentina by Kirchner and others. During Argentina's worst economic times, he bought into "almost all" of the country's large firms, "from Telecom to Transener." Ties to Kirchner family
<mask> has been described as being "closely linked" to the late Argentinian president Nestor Kirchner and as having been a "friend" of Kirchner's. According to one source, "whenever the former president traveled to the United States, he made a place in his schedule" for a meeting with <mask>. Describing <mask> as "Kirchner's Mexican friend," Italy's leading newspaper, Corriere della Sera, has noted that the rise in <mask>'s economic fortunes "coincided with the exceptional political cavalcade of the Kirchners after the collapse of the South American country in December 2001." It is known that Guillermo Nielsen, then Secretary of Finance under Nestor Kirchner, met <mask> in Dubai in September 2003 to discuss the restructuring of Argentina's debt, and that the two men met six to 10 more times in New York, London, and elsewhere to continue the conversation. Over time, the "relationship between <mask> and the Kirchner government became stronger."In 2006, <mask> met Kirchner himself at the Argentine Consulate in New York. Five days later, "<mask> purchased 40 % shares of Cablevisión , the cable television system of Grupo Clarin, the largest media company in Argentina. <mask> can be seen sitting in the front row of the audience in a video of the 2007 inauguration of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Cablevisión
Martínez bought Cablevisión "without any concern for antitrust legislation," and did so at a time when Nestor Kirchner "decided to put his electoral campaign in the hands of Grupo Clarin" and allowed the purchase by <mask> of 50% of Cablevisión. In 2005, Kirchner signed a decree extending broadcast licenses by 10 years; on December 7, 2007, three days before leaving office, he signed a decree permitting the merger of Clarin and <mask>'s Cablevisión. After <mask>'s purchase of Telecom Argentina, it was noted that his ownership of major stakes in both this firm and Cablevisión is illegal under Argentinian law. "<mask> could be forced to sell Cablevisión," reported Corriere della Sera."But Christina Kirchner will decide." As of 2014, he held 40 percent of Cablevisión. Vitro
The New York Times reported on October 11, 2012, on <mask>'s involvement in the bankruptcy of Vitro, a 103-year-old Mexican glassmaking firm run by the Sada family, an event that was surrounded by "Allegations…of covert meetings, fraudulent debts and crooked courts" and that ended up with "the company in the hands of its shareholders, while costing bondholders as much as 60 percent of their investment." The Times traced the story to 2009, when <mask> loaned Vitro $75 million in exchange for the title to several of its properties and an option to return them to Vitro later in exchange for a 24 percent stake in the firm. In 2010, <mask> "went to the different banks that Vitro owed money to and bought the claims," thus becoming the firm's "biggest individual outside creditor, owning about $600 million worth of claims." Vitro "began taking big loans from its subsidiaries, in effect creating a fresh class of creditors outside of the hedge funds — a group under its control, with the rights to approve any bankruptcy plan. Subsidiaries went from owing the parent company about $1.2 billion to being owed $1.5 billion."With <mask>'s help, Vitro "outvoted many other bondholders to approve a reorganization plan" that paid creditors about 40 to 60 percent of what they were owed and kept the Sada family in control. In response, American investor Paul Singer's firm, Elliott Associates, and other hedge funds, which together owned about $700 million of Vitro's old debt, claimed that <mask> had helped Vitro "muscle investors out of hundreds of millions of dollars through financial sleight of hand," and accused Vitro of "audacity, brazen manipulation and greed." Singer and the hedge funds sued Vitro and Fintech in the U.S., where a Dallas court ruled in their favor in summer 2012. An appellate court trial began in October. This legal battle, reported the Times, was "drawing back a curtain on Mr. <mask>'s secretive world" and "could have implications for other companies in the world's fastest-growing economies." Arturo Porzecanski, economist in residence at American University's School of International Service, told the Times that the case "highlighted apparent loopholes in the bankruptcy law of Mexico, through which Vitro ran an 18-wheel truck." The Financial Times published an article by <mask> on March 7, 2013, in which he argued that Judge Griesa's "interference" might "make future sovereign restructurings impossible, setting a dangerous precedent for the world's financial system."Succumbing to "the demands of holdout creditors," wrote <mask>, Griesa had ordered the Argentinian government to pay them $1.3 billion. Noting that the "all sovereign restructurings" had been successful "partly because nations have most of their assets protected by law," <mask> characterized "holdout creditors" as "free riders" whom most nations pay off to avoid harassment; however, "Argentina's leadership, which knows how to fight, opted to defend itself against the world's most litigious funds, which now want to collect in full. These funds are seeking to reap the benefits of Buenos Aires' improved payment capacity – a result of the losses accepted by the vast majority during the restructuring." <mask> called it a "scandal" that Griesa was forcing this majority "to share the interest payments they accepted on their restructured bonds with the minority that litigated," an arrangement which would doubly punish "those who contributed in favour of those who did not." <mask> concluded: "Not only is Mr Griesa's decision unfair – it will also lead to society paying a price in the form of more protracted debt restructurings with less certain outcomes." On March 11, the Financial Times ran a reply by Robert Shapiro of American Task Force Argentina, calling <mask>'s article "a disservice to the FT's readers" and saying that Argentina's actions "pose the real threat to global finance." Shapiro explained that since Argentina's 2001 debt default, "the regimes of Néstor Kirchner and Christina Kirchner Fernandez have rejected every tenet of global finance.They refused to negotiate with bondholders, took four years to issue a 'take-it-or-leave-it' offer of 27 cents on the dollar or barely half the international norm, repudiated the debt of 25 per cent of bondholders who rejected that low-ball offer, and ignored more than 100 directives from US courts to honour their obligations." Rejecting <mask>'s claim that Griesa had ordered "those who accepted the last restructuring…to 'share' what is owed to them," Shapiro stated that Griesa had "simply upheld Argentina's own original contract…and noted that under US law the Argentine government cannot choose to pay some creditors and not others." Shapiro commented that "The real victims of the Kirchners' long campaign to ignore their nation's obligations are the Argentine people," and quoted the recent statement by the Argentinian daily La Nación that "The main impediment for ending the conflict with the holdouts is that the government is prioritising the media battle with the creditors over channelling its energy towards seeking a technical solution." Banco de Sabadell
In September 2013 it was reported that he had "bought 5 percent of Banco Sabadell"." He was appointed member of the Board of Directors on 27 March 2014 (re-elected on 19 April 2018). Telecom Argentina
Bloomberg News reported on November 14, 2013, that Fintech Group had agreed to pay $860 million for Telecom Italia SpA's 68 percent holding in Sofora Telecomunicaciones, the controlling holding company of Telecom Argentina through Nortel Inversora, plus a direct minority stake, plus $100 million for related assets, for a total of $960 million. This deal pitted him "against the mobile-phone business of Carlos Slim in South America's second-biggest economy" and "expand[ed] <mask>'s bets beyond holdings such as cable assets and Argentina's sovereign debt as he seeks to benefit from increasing Web and video use on mobile devices."Bloomberg reported that "Telecom Argentina and the local unit of fellow Mexican billionaire Slim's America Movil SAB (AMXL) each have about a third of the nation's wireless market." Noting that "Fintech has investments in Argentina's sovereign debt as well as in many restructured companies including a stake in the country's largest cable company, Cablevisión SA," Bloomberg quoted <mask> as saying, "We see tremendous opportunities for growth in the Argentine market and are committed to an important investment program to take advantage of those opportunities." A The Wall Street Journal article, published on November 10, 2013, described <mask>'s decision to invest in Argentina "an unusual call," given that "Argentina has been a cautionary tale for many investors since its 2001 default on $100 billion in sovereign debt" and that its last two presidents, Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Kirchner, had "repeatedly gone mano a mano with big business," nationalizing an oil company and seeking to force the Clarin media group to break up its business. The Journal described <mask> as "part of a small group of investors who are willing to overlook Argentina's status as a financial pariah and bet long term," in the expectation that "the next government to be more pragmatic and less hostile to business." A joint exit
In March 2014 <mask> called together several representatives of funds with holdings in Argentine bonds, with the intention of beginning to negotiate a joint exit for the bondholders. José Luis Manzano, a media entrepreneur and former member of the Menem government, was also involved in the negotiations, and both he and <mask> "assured their partners that they had the approval of the Government" to negotiate a deal. Reportedly, <mask> had asked JP Morgan to come up with an attractive offer for the bonds.Art collection
Specializing in modern and contemporary works, <mask> has been reported as also owning pieces by Mark Rothko, Pablo Picasso and Damien Hirst. In 2006 he reportedly set a record for the highest price paid for a piece of art with the purchase of a Jackson Pollock painting from <mask>. Pollock's painting  "No. 5, 1948" sold for US$140 million (£73m),  on 1 November 2006. However, the auction expert Josh Baer stated that Martinez was not the buyer of the painting. In addition, Shearman & Sterling issued a press release on behalf of its client, <mask>, to announce that contrary to articles in the press, Martinez does not own the painting  or any rights to acquire it. In October 2012, however, The New York Times reported that despite these and other denials, "several people with knowledge of" <mask>'s collection have said that the Pollock work hangs in his New York apartment.<mask> was identified as the seller of a Mark Rothko's Untitled (1961) at Sotheby's in a 2010 lawsuit against him by Dallas art collector Marguerite Hoffman, who claimed breach of contract. Hoffman sold him the work privately in 2007 for a net $17.6 million, forgoing the $30 million to $40 million she said the painting could have fetched at public auction. She later said the deal's privacy agreement was broken when Studio Capital Inc., a Belize-registered company she claimed is controlled by <mask> "for the purpose of maintaining the secrecy of his purchases and sales of art," entered the Rothko in Sotheby's May 2010 auction in New York and marketing materials revealed her prior ownership. She claimed she could have sold the painting at auction herself and received far more, had she not wanted secrecy. The painting was auctioned for $31.4 million. <mask> was included in the 2012 ARTnews list of the world's 200 Top Collectors. In 2014, he sold Francis Bacon's Portrait of George Dyer Talking (1966), for $70 million to an American collector at Christie's London.Personal life
It described <mask>'s residence in the Time Warner Center (80 Columbus Circle) as "one of the most expensive apartments in Manhattan," purchased in 2003 for "about $42 million." His New York apartment "over 15,000SF combo apartment that spans on the 76th & 77th floors. Has a two-story living room and a reflecting pool," and a "special system has been rigged to support one exceptionally heavy piece of art." The Mexican media refer to <mask> as a "ghost investor." One source calls him "a discreet man" who despite his massive investments remains widely "unknown." Reportedly, only one photograph of him can be found on the Internet, which was taken by Kirchner's photographer, Bugge Victor, the official photographer for Argentina presidency, at Argentina's consulate in New York. "There is barely any news about his moves, or pictures of him on the Internet," reported IB Times."There is no estimate of his wealth, although many have said that he is following in the footsteps of fellow Mexican tycoon Carlos Slim to become the richest man in the world." According to The New York Times, "<mask> is, even to his associates, something of a mystery," a man about whom "Little is known….In life as in business, Mr. <mask> treads lightly. He is fond of shell companies, whether to buy artwork or to pay household expenses. Those he hires often know him only as 'the client.'" Noting that "it is unclear" how much money Fintech controls, "or even how many employees work there," the Times has reported that when Elliott Associates and other funds sought to sue Fintech, they "encountered one obstacle early on: they couldn't find Mr. <mask>," either at Fintech's Park Avenue offices or at his Time Warner Center apartment. <mask> reportedly "travels to Monterrey every Christmas to be with his mother, Juliana Guzman Sepulveda, and his sister, Beatriz <mask>." In 1997 he "bought a plot of 874 square meters in the municipality of San Pedro Garza Garcia," on which his mother now lives.References

1957 births
Living people
Mexican financial businesspeople
Businesspeople from Monterrey
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Banco Sabadell

masks:
David Martínez Guzmán
Martínez
David Martínez
Manuel Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
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Martínez
Martínez
Martínez
David Martínez
David Geffen
David Martinez
Martínez
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Martínez
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Martínez Guzmán


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<mask> (born 17 October 1980) is an English-Pakistani entrepreneur, philanthropist, and humanitarian. He is best known as founder of digital matrimony platform SingleMuslim.com and international humanitarian charity Penny Appeal. He is a founding board member of Penny Appeal USA and also helped set up Penny Appeal South Africa, Penny Appeal Canada and Penny Appeal Australia. He is a Founding Circle Member of the British Asian Trust and was listed as one of Yorkshire's leading entrepreneurs by Insider Media in their "42 under 42" list of 2019. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Wakefield, West Yorkshire on 17 October 1980. His father died when he was eight years old. He was raised by his mother and grandparents.He attended Outwood Grange School and went on to study at Wakefield College where he maintained a close relationship upon graduation. The college nominated him for an Association of Colleges Gold Award for his achievements as an outstanding alumnus of the school. In late 2018, <mask> announced that the charity he founded, Penny Appeal, had bought the Thornes Park campus in which he had studied and were transforming it into a new international headquarters for the charity. He received his bachelor's in Graphic Designing from the University of Leeds. <mask> funded his studies by founding his first business, GoWebPrint, at the age of 17 above the fast food shop where he worked part-time. He went on to help set up a restaurant in Wakefield, which was renowned for its chocolate curry, before focusing his efforts on his humanitarian work and business. Career
<mask> is the founder and CEO of world's largest Muslim digital matrimony platform, SingleMuslim.com.It has over 2 million users registered with market penetration estimated at 52% of all British Muslims aged between 16 and 60. The website was launched on 1 August 2000, and its headquarters is in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. As SingleMuslim.com's founder, <mask> has helped facilitate over 100,000 Muslim marriages. The platform was featured on the hit British Muslim romantic comedy Finding Fatimah. SingleMuslim.com is available on mobile and desktop, and has Android and iOS apps, which were rated 5 out of 5 by Dating Scout reviews. It is among the top 10 matchmaking websites across the UK. <mask> has said of his platform: "We make it very clear this is for people who are serious about getting married, and it is not some 'meet up' service... We’re not just facilitating marriages.It's a really liberating service, we help people and it’s a cornerstone to a society. Religion is bringing people together." <mask>’s memoir, Small Change, Big Difference: The Penny Appeal Story was published on the first day of Ramadan, 12 April 2021 by TSB an imprint of Can of Worms Enterprises. The book delves into the secrets and struggles behind the multi-million pound charity movement and was met by acclaim and positive reviews. Charitable activities

Penny Appeal
In 2009, <mask> founded Penny Appeal, a charitable organization working in over 52 countries and providing essential aid and welfare to those in the UK. It builds wells, orphan homes, and schools, and provides life-saving medical relief, nourishing meals and more. In the UK, Penny Appeal runs a fostering and adoption agency, funds a number of soup kitchens and food banks and supports refugee settlement.The two times Guinness World Records holding charity raised just over £100,000 in 2012. In 2017, Penny Appeal's total turnover had exceeded over £22 million. The organisation has launched a sister domestic relief programme, demonstrating their commitment to begin charity at home. The charity has helped an estimated 20 million individuals and raised over £60 million for good causes. Penny Appeal has been recognized as largest provider of orphan care in The Gambia by its president. The charity has enlisted a number of high-profile ambassadors including Amir Khan and Cat Stevens. <mask> ran the London Marathon in aid of Penny Appeal's Thirst Relief campaign in 2017, 2018 and 2019, raising tens of thousands of pounds in the process.In 2019, in celebration of the charity's ten years of operation, <mask> appointed the first ever charity ‘Kid’ CEO, Shakira Rahman. <mask> met Rahman at Penny Appeal's Great Muslim Pantomime tour, was inspired by her "can-do" attitude and created a special role for her to contribute to the charity from the perspective of a child. Penny Appeal has been lauded for handling challenges to the leadership and governance of the organisation. Former employees have described the organisation as having "Great culture with lots of support". The charity was shocked following allegations of abuse in one of their partner organisations working in the Gambia . Penny Appeal has since instituted a range of organisational enhancements, however has confirmed that the Government of Gambia has dropped any case related to potential allegations. Penny Ventures
<mask> is director and co-founder of Penny Ventures, which works in partnership with the James Caan Foundation.Caan and <mask> co-created Penny Ventures as an investment fund that supports budding entrepreneurs launch and grow new businesses. SalaamGiving
Created in partnership with JustGiving, SalaamGiving is an online crowdfunding platform tailored for Muslim communities. The platform was co-created by <mask> and launched in 2018. Awards and nominations
<mask> was awarded Young Director of the Year by Yorkshire's Institute of Directors. He was made an Ambassador by The Yorkshire Society owing to his success as an entrepreneur and awarded Entrepreneur of the Year at the Asian Business Awards 2017. Also in 2017, <mask> was decorated as the Natwest ‘Entrepreneur for Good’ in the 2017 Natwest Great Entrepreneurship Awards. In 2018 he received Entrepreneur of the Year award at British Muslim Awards.In the same year he received the ‘Charity Chair of the Year’ Award at the Third Sector Excellence Awards. In 2019, <mask> was awarded the 'Ummul Mu’minin Khadijah' Award for Excellence in Enterprise at the Muslim News Awards. References

External links

21st-century English businesspeople
English company founders
People from Wakefield
English people of Pakistani descent
Academics of the University of Leeds
English Muslims
1980 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Yorkshire

masks:
Adeem Younis
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<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (May 14, 1881 – May 26, 1959) was an American pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball. From 1906 to 1912, he had several seasons where he was one of the best pitchers in baseball. Injuries shortened his career. <mask> holds the record for lowest career earned run average, 1.82. He is one of two modern (post-1901) pitchers to win 40 or more games in a single season, and the last pitcher to do so. He is the last pitcher from any team to throw more than 400 innings in a single season, a feat that he most recently accomplished in 1908. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.Early life
<mask> was born in Plains Township, Pennsylvania, to Michael and <mask>. He worked in the Luzerne County coal mines when he was young. <mask> started his professional baseball career with the 1902 Meriden Silverites of the Connecticut State League. After playing the 1903 season with the Meriden Silverites and Newark Sailors of the Eastern League, the Chicago White Sox purchased <mask>'s contract for $750 ($ in today's dollars). MLB career

Peak years
<mask> made his major league debut in 1904 with the Chicago White Sox and pitched his first full season in 1906, going 17–13 with a 1.88 ERA and 171 strikeouts. In Game Three of that year's World Series, which the White Sox won over the Chicago Cubs in six games, <mask> struck out a then-World Series record 12 batters. He also struck out at least one batter each inning of that game; this feat has since been duplicated only once, by Bob Gibson in the 1968 World Series opener.From this season through 1912, <mask> averaged 24 victories and 220 strikeouts and posted an ERA below 2.00 five times. He also led the league in saves five times in this span. His finest individual season came in 1908 when he went 40–15 with 269 strikeouts, 6 saves and a 1.42 ERA, leading the American League in wins and strikeouts. In 1910, he posted the lowest ERA (1.27) for a pitcher with at least 20 starts and a losing record. <mask> also set an American League record by pitching 464 innings in a season. On August 27, 1911, <mask> no-hit the Boston Red Sox 5–0. Interviewed for the 1966 book The Glory of Their Times, Hall of Famer Sam Crawford referred to <mask>'s use of a pitch that was later outlawed: "Big <mask>.Great big, strong, good-looking fellow. He threw a spitball. I think that ball disintegrated on the way to the plate, and the catcher put it back together again. I swear, when it went past the plate, it was just the spit went by". In 1910, the White Sox opened White Sox Park, which was soon nicknamed Comiskey Park by the press in honor of team owner Charles Comiskey. The name was officially changed to Comiskey Park in 1913. An apocryphal story goes that architect Zachary Taylor Davis consulted <mask> in setting the park's field dimensions.Choosing a design that favored himself and other White Sox pitchers, rather than hitters, <mask> made Comiskey Park a "pitcher's park" for its entire 80-year history. Later career

<mask> was a workhorse who pitched an average of 375 innings annually during the six seasons of 1907 through 1912. After the 1912 season, <mask> reportedly requested a full year off to rest his arm. Nevertheless, he showed up for spring training the following season, contending, "The White Sox needed me—implored me to return—so I did". <mask>'s playing time began dwindling in 1913. It has been claimed that he came into spring training in poorer physical shape than other members of the White Sox pitching staff, and his pride led him to try to keep up with the other pitchers in terms of pitch speed before getting into adequate shape, thereby causing damage to his pitching arm. "I could feel the muscles grind and wrench during the game, and it seemed to me my arm would leap out of my socket when I shot the ball across the plate", <mask> later recalled."My arm would keep me awake till morning with a pain I had never known before". He pitched only 16 games during the 1913 season, and a meager 13 games over the next three years. By 1916, <mask>'s arm was dead. He wanted a year off, but Charles Comiskey released him instead. He attempted a comeback with the Boston Braves in 1917, but was let go, ending his major league career. He later did some pitching in the Eastern League, and gave umpiring a try (he umpired 87 American League games during the 1922 season), after which he was a coach for the White Sox for several seasons (1923–1924, 1928–1929). <mask> retired with 195 wins, 126 losses, and 1736 strikeouts.His career ERA of 1.82 is the lowest major league ERA ever posted. He has the second-lowest career WHIP in MLB history (1.00) and the lowest ever for someone with 10 or more seasons pitched. As a hitter, <mask> posted a .194 batting average (210-for-1,085) with 92 runs, 3 home runs, 68 RBI, 14 stolen bases and 46 bases on balls. Managerial record

Later life and legacy
<mask> was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946. He died on May 26, 1959, 12 days after his 78th birthday. In 1999, <mask> was ranked number 82 on The Sporting News''' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. In 2011, he was inducted into the Irish American Baseball Hall of Fame.<mask>'s son <mask> Jr. played for the White Sox from 1928 to 1932. See also

 List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
 List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual strikeout leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
 Major League Baseball titles leaders

References

Further reading
 Coffey, Michael (2004). 27 Men Out: Baseball's Perfect Games. New York: Atria Books. .
 Kashatus, William C. (2002). Diamonds in the Coalfields: 21 Remarkable Baseball Players, Managers, and Umpires from Northeast Pennsylvania. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. . Smiles, Jack.(2007) <mask> <mask>: The Life of a Spitballing Hall of Famer'' Jefferson, NC: McFarland. External links

SABR Biography Project

1881 births
1959 deaths
American League ERA champions
American League strikeout champions
American League wins champions
American people of Welsh descent
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Bridgeport Americans players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Chicago White Sox managers
Chicago White Sox players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Meriden Silverites players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Minor league baseball managers
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Newark Sailors players
People from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
People from Pompano Beach, Florida
Wilkes-Barre/Mount Carmel players

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Edward Augustine
Big Ed
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<mask> (floruit 1078–1143) was a Castilian nobleman of the House of <mask>. Early in his career he ruled that half of Asturias allocated to Castile. He was faithful to the crown throughout the reign of Queen Urraca (1109–26), during which time he was married to the queen's half-sister and ruled a large part of the old County of Castile. He and his elder brother, <mask>, led the opposition to Alfonso VII early in his reign (1126–57). He led a revolt in 1130 and was exiled in 1137. He was a leader in the Reconquista—about which the contemporary Chronica <mask>onsi imperatoris has much to say—and also took part in the military activities of the Crusader states on two occasions. He travelled widely throughout Spain, but ended his days in Palestine.Youth under Alfonso VI (1078–1112)
<mask> was a son of Gonzalo Núñez <mask> and Godo Núñez, and kinsman of Gonzalo Salvadórez. <mask>'s inheritance was modest. A certain <mask> who was alférez (standard-bearer) of Alfonso VI between 29 January 1078 and 9 June 1081 may have been <mask> <mask>. If so, he was a very old man when he died. The alférez did sign the carta de arras (charter of bridewealth) of <mask> <mask>r, El Cid Campeador, in 1080/1. A <mask> who signed eight royal diplomas between 1092 and 1099 has also been identified with the alférez, the son of Gonzalo Núñez, and the later Crusader. Governing the Asturias (1112–1130)
<mask> <mask> first appears holding a fief (tenencia) from the crown on 29 February 1112, when he was governing all the Cantabrian region south of the river Miera, the valley of Mena, and Asturias de Santillana, formerly held by his cousin <mask>.By 1119 he was ruling the Trasmiera, the region north of the Miera, which up until then had also been held by <mask>z. He is not recorded there after 1120, by which time his rule had extended westward over Aguilar de Campoo. At the same time he first appeared as governing "in Castile" (in castella), probably a reference to Old Castile; certainly he was not governing all of Castile. There are references to a "Count <mask>" governing Castile as early as 9 May 1112, but this may be <mask>z. By 13 April 1121 <mask> was a count. In 1122 he made a donation to the Benedictine monastery of Santa María de Piasca. Sometime before 1122 <mask> married Sancha (born c.1101), a daughter of Alfonso VI and his fourth wife Isabel.She bore him three daughters: Elvira, Sancha, and Urraca. <mask> confirmed a total of fifteen royal charters during Urraca's reign. It was during the final six years of Urraca's reign, a period of general peace, that <mask> held power in the Kingdom of León. As early as 1120 he was governing Liébana, and by 1122 he was also governing Nángulo, Piedras Negras, and the Tierra de Campos. By 1125 he was ruling Pernía as well. A private document dated 17 June 1126 refers to both <mask> and Pedro as holding Lara, Campos, and Asturias de Santillana, seemingly jointly. Their rule in none of these places can be traced after Urraca's death.On 10 May 1125 at Sahagún, <mask> and the queen made a joint donation of the monastery at Vega to the Order of Fontevraud. His wife Sancha was dead by that time, and Urraca, their youngest daughter, was put in the custody of Sancha Raimúndez, the king's sister. Rebellion against Alfonso VII (1130–1131)
There is a false document dated 18 April 1125 that names <mask> as villicus imperatoris, that is, imperial majordomo. After the queen's death on 8 March 1126, the "towers of León", that is, the royal fortress in the city of León, refused to submit to her son, Alfonso VII, preferring the rule of <mask>, who had been the queen's lover, and his brother <mask>, whom the author of the Chronica Adefonsi (I, §3) says "preferred war rather than peace with the King". Eventually the brothers were forced to make submission to Alfonso VII and did not do so willingly, as the other magnates:
Other counts saw that the King's power was increasing daily. They were the Castilians, <mask> <mask> and his brother, <mask>, who lived in Asturias de Santillana. Gimeno Íñiguez was also present.He governed Coyanza in the territory of León. They were indeed frightened; and, as such, they directed their attention toward arranging a peace conference. However, their treaty with the King was made in a most insincere manner. Actually they preferred to follow the King of Aragón. In 1127 he sold an estate at Arce to the parish of Santillana del Mar. There is evidence, in the former of a thirteenth-century copy of a private charter, that Alfonso tried to lure <mask> to his side by making him alférez in the winter of 1127–28. Despite their earlier submission, Pedro, <mask>, and their allies refused to join the army Alfonso assembled at Atienza in 1129 to fight Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre.The king then relieved <mask> of his post as alférez, replacing him with Pedro Alfónsez. Early in 1130 he rebelled against the king. The rebellion seems to have been designed to place on the throne Fernando Pérez <mask>, <mask>'s nephew, an illegitimate son of <mask> and Queen Urraca. It had the support of Alfonso of Aragon and of his agent in Castile, Bertrán <mask>, son-in-law of Pedro. While Pedro and Bertrán took the city of Palencia, and another relative of <mask>'s, Jimeno Íñiguez, rebelled at Valencia de Don Juan, <mask> took up arms in Asturias de Santillana, the northwestern part of Castile. A minor noble, Pedro Díaz, rebelled from his castle of Valle. He was put down by the brothers Osorio and <mask>.By June the king had retaken Palencia and captured Pedro and Bertrán. Having dealt with the other rebels, Alfonso turned to Asturias, where "he captured their fortified castles, set fire to their fields and hacked down their trees and vineyards." Forced to sue for peace, <mask> sent envoys requesting a meeting with the king on the banks of the Pisuerga. Per the agreement <mask> and Alfonso would each be accompanied by only six of their knights. During the meeting the king became so enraged by <mask>'s "disrespectful remarks" that he seized him by the throat and they both fell from their horses. At this <mask>'s retinue fled and the count was taken "as if he were a common prisoner." <mask> found his castles and tenencias confiscated, with Asturias placed in the hands of <mask>.There is a record of a comitem <mask> Gundisalui <mask>turias ("count <mask> of Asturias") present on 3 November 1140 at the hearing of a dispute between the Bishop of Burgos, Ramiro, and the Bishop of Calahorra, Sancho, in the presence of the king, but it is probably unreliable. It is unlikely that <mask> ever regained his place in eastern Asturias. Within a few days of his being released (only after all his castles and fiefs had been received by the king), <mask> returned to acknowledge his crimes and seek mercy, which he received by the end of 1131, when he was appointed alcaide of Toledo in place of Gutierre <mask>, who had died. Frontier rule (1131–1137)

<mask> "waged numerous wars against the Moors. He killed many and took many prisoners. He also carried away large quantities of booty from their lands." The author of the Chronica twice states that only a fraction of his military actions are recorded: "He had fought many battles in Moorish territory.The military experiences of <mask> and <mask> against the Moors were indeed great, but they have not been described in this book." And "The other battles which the Consul <mask> fought with the king of the Almoravides are not recorded in this book." <mask>'s government in Toledo can be traced in the documents between 1132 and 1136, and he was also governor of Segovia in 1133. The Chronica Adefonsi (I, §23) records that Alfonso "entrusted Toledo to him and extensive territories on the frontier and in Castile" and (II, §119) "he was made commander of all troops in Toledo and leader of Extremadura." In June 1132 he gathered the militias of Ávila, Segovia, Toledo, and "the other cities under Toledo's jurisdiction" and combined this force of both cavalry and infantry with an even larger army drawb from Castile and Extremadura. He then led them in a raid into Muslim territory, down the valley of the Guadalquivir, devastating the environs of Seville. The Chronica Adefonsi notes that he "cut down the fruit trees".He took many captives and a large booty. The Almoravid governor (or king) of Seville, Umar, raised a large army from among his allies and fought <mask> in a pitched battle. <mask> divided his infantry into two groups, archers and slingers, and placed his bravest men at the front. The second line was composed of the militia of Ávila, which engaged an Arab wing, and the third of the militia of Segovia, which faced an Almoravid and Andalusion (native) wing. The militia of Toledo and the troops from the Trans-Sierra and Castile were left in reserve at the

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Rodrigo González de Lara
Lara
Pedro González
Adef
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de Lara
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Rodrigo González
Rodrigo González
de Lara
Rodrigo Díaz
de Viva
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de Lara
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 rear, under the personal command of <mask> "to reinforce the weak and to bring medical aid to the wounded." Umar was captured and ultimately beheaded. So important was this battle that it was recorded in three chronicles: the Chronica Adefonsi, the Anales toledanos primeros, and the Arabic chronicle of Ibn Idhari (who errs in dating it to 1130).The author of the Chronica, probably bishop Arnaldo of Astorga, quotes from I Maccabees 9 in describing an encounter he evidently considered of biblical proportions (II, §121):
The battle began as the Saracens shouted and sounded their brazen trumpets and drums. They uttered cries and invoked Mohammed. The Christians called out with all their heart to the Lord, to Mary and to Saint James. They prayed that they would show them mercy and forget the sins of the king and of their forefathers. Many on both sides fell wounded shortly after the battle had begun. <mask> realized that the King of Sevilla's army was the stronger. Consequently, all of the bravest warriors joined with <mask> and they attacked.The King of Sevilla fell in the field and died, as did many of his officers. <mask> pursued the survivors all the way to the gates of Sevilla. After picking up the spoils, he began his march back to the camp. The victory of <mask> inspired a contingent from Salamanca to go raiding in the region around Badajoz. Some muladíes, Muslims living under Christian rule, that had fled <mask>'s camp had given away the Salamancans' position to the Almoravid sultan, Ali ibn Yusuf ben Tashfin, who promptly attacked and defeated it. In late May 1133 <mask> commanded half of the royal army marching out from Toledo. The army was divided "because there was not enough drinking water ... nor was there enough grass to feed the animals."<mask> led his forces through the Despeñaperros Pass. The two armies traversed uninhabited territory for fifteen days before meeting before the enemy castle at Galledo. Thereafter the army followed same route as in the previous year: the Guadalquivir valley as far as Seville, but then continued on to Jerez de la Frontera, which was sacked, and Cádiz, whose countryside was terrorised. The army returned to Toledo by late summer with a vast booty of camels, horses, cattle, sheep, and goats. In July 1135 Alfonso gave him and <mask> some properties confiscated from another rebel, the Asturian Gonzalo Peláez. One historian believes he regained the long lost fief of Asturias de Santiallana at about this time. By July 1135 <mask> had contracted a second marriage to Estefanía, daughter of Ermengol V of Urgell and widow of the Castilian magnate Fernando García <mask>.Estefanía had received a carta de arras from her first husband on 12 November 1119, and she was widowed around 1125. Despite this, on 6 September 1135 <mask> praised his new wife for her youth in his carta de arras. On 7 September 1135 <mask> witnessed a donation of the churches of Tovar and Laguna by his eldest daughter, Elvira, and her husband, the brother of his new wife, Ermengol VI of Urgell, to the convent of Santa María de Valladolid. Estefanía bore <mask> two sons, Pedro and <mask>. Exile and wanderings (1137–1143)

On 3 February 1137 <mask> made a donation to Segovia Cathedral. Shortly after, for reasons unknown, <mask> fell from favour and was exiled. According to at least one manuscript of the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, this occurred in October 1134, but documentary evidence seems to indicate that it actually took place in 1137.Of his own accord he surrendered Toledo and the other tenencias he held, which still included Aguilar and Old Castile according to royal documents date as late as 1 April 1137, to the king in person ("[he] kissed the King's hand in farewell and [took] leave of his comrades"). He decided to turn his exile into a pilgrimage ("he became a pilgrim and crossed the sea of Jerusalem for purpose of prayer", in the words of the Chronica), visiting Jerusalem and fighting the Muslims in the Holy Land for two years. He reputedly built the castle called Toron facing Ascalon, which was then still in Muslim hands. The Chronica says that he garrisoned it "with knights, infantrymen, and provisions, and he gave it to the Knights Templars." <mask>'s Toron has been widely identified with the castle described elsewhere as le Toron des Chevaliers, a name shared by several castles, including the one later known as Latrun. However, Michael Ehrlich, specialist in medieval Mediterranean military history at Bar Ilan University, Israel, offers several good reasons to identify <mask>'s castle with the ruins at Summil, c. 25 km inland (east) from Ascalon, which fits much better the one mentioned in the chronicles. In 1137 or 1138, Rorgo Fretellus, a canon of the church of Nazareth, dedicated his Description of the Holy Places to <mask>.<mask> returned to Spain, via the Adriatic and Italy, in 1139, and, being barred from returning to Castile or his patrimonial lands, sojourned at various courts in the east of the peninsula. He served for a time Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona, who made him lord of Huesca and Jaca between 1139 and 1141. He was later in the service of García Ramírez of Navarre and then the Almoravid governor of Valencia, Abengania. The Chronica Adefonsi says that while he only stayed a few days at Valencia, he contracted leprosy (from a "Saracen potion"). He did briefly return to Castile, where on 8 February 1141 he granted the village of Huérmeces to the Benedictines of Arlanza. He eventually made his way to the Urgell, where on 24 March 1143 he witnessed, as comes Roricus, the final will and testament of his brother-in-law and son-in-law, Count Ermengol VI. His daughter Elvira had probably died by then.Sometime in or after 1143 he returned to the Holy Land, and there he died. Shortly before her husband's death Estefanía founded a Cistercian monastery at Valbuena de Duero (15 February 1143). Her sons, unlike the sons of her husband's brother, never rose to as high a rank in the kingdom as their father had. Historian Antonio Suárez <mask> owned several manuscript fragments of the Chronica, which were used by Enrique Flórez in amending the first published edition of the text by <mask> Berganza. Alarcón himself had made extensive used only of those passages relating to <mask>, since he had established the descent of the Marqueses de Trocifal from him in his Relaciones genealógicas de la casa de los Marqueses de Trocifal, Condes de Torresvedras (Madrid, 1656). Notes

Bibliography
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People of the Reconquista
Christians of the Crusades
Year of birth

masks:
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo González
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo Martínez
Rodrigo
de Hita
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
de Alarcón
Francisco de
Rodrigo González
Fernández
Lara