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<mask> (February 3, 1679 – November 16, 1756) was an Italian rabbi and physician, best known as author of the rabbinic encyclopedia Paħad Yitzħak. <mask> was born at Ferrara. His great-grandfather, <mask>, had emigrated from Constantinople to Ferrara in the sixteenth century. His father, a man of wealth, died when <mask> was six years of age. <mask> was sent to school in his eighth year, his teachers being Shabbethai Elhanan Recanati and S. E. Sanguineti. In his fourteenth year he went to Lugo, to the school of R. Manoah Provençal; thence he went to Padua to study medicine, attending at the same time lectures on philosophy. There he enjoyed especially the intercourse and instruction of the physician R<mask>.On completing his medical studies he was employed as teacher for a time in various Italian cities, and on his return to his native city the yeshibah conferred upon him the title of ḥaber. Shortly afterward he went to Mantua to complete his rabbinical studies under R. Judah Brial and R. Joseph Cases, who also was a physician. Lampronti entered into especially close relations with R. Judah, whom he frequently mentions in his great work. When Mantua was threatened with war, in 1701, Lampronti, following the wishes of his family, returned to Ferrara, where he established himself as physician and teacher, delivering lectures for adults in his house both on week-days and on the Sabbath. Teacher

In 1709 Lampronti was appointed teacher at the Italian Talmud Torah, receiving a monthly salary of twelve scudi in return for devoting the larger part of his day to teaching chiefly Hebrew grammar, arithmetic, and Italian. Lampronti gave his pupils his own homilies on the weekly sections, composed in Italian, for practise in translating into Hebrew. He also set some of his pupils to copy from the sources material which he needed for the encyclopedic work he had undertaken.The directors of the community, who thought this interfered with his duties as teacher, forbade him, in October, 1725, to keep the material for his work in the schoolhouse. When the Spanish Talmud Torah was discontinued, in 1729, the pupils of this school also passed into the hands of Lampronti. Thus he became the teacher of most of the members of the community, and long after his death it was said in the community of Ferrara, "All the learning found among us is derived from the mouth of our father <mask>." In addition to his duties as teacher he filled the position of preacher, from 1704, in the Sephardic community, and, beginning with 1717, in the Italian synagogue. His sermons, which were very popular, have not been preserved. He mentions one of them, on truth and untruth, in referring to his "Sefer ha-Derushim Shelli" in an article of his "Paḥad Yiẓḥaḳ" (letter מ, article ). His funeral oration ("Darke Shalom") on Samson Morpurgo he mentions in his approbation to the latter's responsa "Shemesh Ẓedaḳah."His name is connected with an Ark of the Law in the Sephardic synagogue at Ferrara, placed there by him in 1710, at his own cost. In 1718 <mask> was appointed a full member of the rabbinical college. His signature as the latest member, following those of Mordecai Zahalon, Shabbethai Elhanan Recanati, and Samuel Baruch Borghi, is found in a responsum of the yeshibah of Ferrara of the year 1727, which he quotes (letter ב, p. 20d). Physician

In 1738 he was elected rabbi of the Spanish synagogue in place of his former teacher, Recanati; and after the death of Mordecai Zahalon he became president of the yeshibah (1749). He began immediately the printing of his great work (see below). He had then reached the age of seventy, and for the next eight years until his death, he taught continuously, although he had to be taken to the school by his pupils on account of an ailment of his feet. Notwithstanding his other occupations, he continued to practise medicine, visiting his patients early in the morning, because, as he said, the physician has a surer eye and can judge better of the state of his patient after the night's rest.He had a great reputation as physician, and his contemporaries generally added to his name the epithet "the famous physician." He corresponded on medical subjects with his teacher <mask>, and he drew upon his medical knowledge in many passages of his work. He died deeply mourned by the community and his numerous pupils. No stone was erected on his grave, for half a year before his death the tombstones of the Jewish cemetery of Ferrara had been destroyed at the instigation of the clergy (Ferrara belonged to the Papal States), and the Jews were at the same time forbidden to place stones on the graves of their dead. More than a century later, Ferrara publicly honored the memory of Lampronti; on April 19, 1872, a stone tablet, for which Jews and Christians had contributed, was placed on the house in which he had lived; it bears the following inscription: "Abitò in questa casa Isacco Lampronti, nato nel MDCLXXIX., morto nel MDCCLVI. Medico Teologo tra i dotti celebratissimo. Onorò la patria.Riverenti alla scienza alcuni cittadini posero MDCCCLXXII." The "Pachad Yitzchak"

Lampronti's life-work was his rabbinical encyclopedia Pachad Yitzchak (name derived from Gen. xxxi. 42), the material for which he had begun to collect as early as his student days at Mantua, and on which he worked during his whole life. When he decided in his old age to publish this great work, he traveled together with his pupil Jacob Raphael Saraval, as the latter says in the preface of the correctors (Saraval and Simchah Calimani), through the Italian cities in order to secure the approbations (haskamot) of the rabbinical authorities of Italy for the work. The collection of these approbations, which were given in 1749 and 1750, is a curious monument of the Jewish scholars of northern Italy in the eighteenth century; it includes sonnets and poems in other forms in honor of Lampronti. The following cities are represented by their yeshibahs or rabbis: Venice, Leghorn, Reggio, Verona, Ancona, Padua, Mantua, Casale Monferrato, Modena, Turin, Florence, Alessandria della Paglia, Pesaro, Finale, Lugo, Rovigo. In the second volume are added the approbations of R. Malachi ben Jacob Kohn of Livorno, author of the "Yad Mal'achi," and of three Palestinian scholars stopping at Ferrara.The work was planned to fill six volumes, as recorded in the printing permit of the Jewish communal directorate of Venice. But only the first volume and the first half of the second volume appeared during the author's lifetime. Vol. i. (1750) contains in two specially paged sections (of 124 and 76 folios respectively) the letter א; the first part of vol. ii. (1753) contains the letters ב (fol.1-75) and ו (fol. 76-105). The second part of vol. ii. appeared forty years after the author's death (1796); it contains the letters ח (fol. 1-49), ו (fol. 50-60), ן (fol.67-77), ח, beginning (78-110). Vol. iii. appeared in the same year; it contains: ח, end (fol. 1-61), ט (fol. 63-93). These volumes were printed at the press of <mask> (formerly Bragadini) at Venice.Two other volumes appeared in 1813 (vol. iv., Reggio) and 1840 (vol. v., Leghorn); vol. iv. contains the letters י (fol. 1-41a. ), ב (fol.41a-108); ל (specially paged, 1-26); vol. v. contains the letter מ (241 fols.). This last-named volume contains additions to the text by Abraham Baruch Piperno, under the title "Zechor le-Abraham." In 1845 the autograph manuscript of the entire work was acquired by the Bibliothèque Nationale of Paris, in 120 volumes, 68 of which corresponded with the parts that had so far appeared. The Paris manuscript also contains the author's Italian correspondence, which was not included in the edition (see Cat. Hebr. MSS.Bibliothèque Nationale. p. 61. Nos. 458-577). The society Mekitze Nirdamim, on its foundation, took as one of its first tasks the publication of those portions of Lampronti's work which had not yet been printed. The first to appear (in octavo instead of folio, the size of the previous volumes) were the letters נ (1864; 100 fols. ), ס (1866; 196 fols.), ע (1868; 173 fols. ), פ (1871; 74 fols. ), and צ and first half of ק (1874; 200 fols.). The work was continued ten years later by the reorganized society Mekitze Nirdamim; during 1885-87 the remainder of the letter ק was published and the letters ר (148 fols. ), ש (318 fols. ), and ח (183 fols.). Thus the publication of the work was completed 127 years after the printing of the first volume.Character of the work

<mask>'s work is an alphabetically arranged encyclopedia to the Talmud and Talmudic literature. In the censor's permit, dated June, 1749, prefixed to the first volume, it is designated as "Dizionario Rituale in Lingua Ebraica," a designation which probably originated with the author. As a matter of fact <mask>'s encyclopedia deals chiefly with the Halachah, the material for the articles being taken from the entire halachic literature down to the latest responsa, which he had, in part, in manuscript. He devotes much space to discussing questions of ritual law, as found in the responsa of contemporary Italian rabbis. On some questions he gives the entire correspondence, as on fols. 9d-13a, 31d-37d, 46d-50a, 74b-76a, 79c-80b, 102b-107a, in the first volume. The arrangement is a characteristic feature of the work.Single words are used occasionally as headings for his articles, but more frequently he uses entire sentences, either as he found them in the sources, or as propositions derived from the sources. In vol. i. thirty articles begin with the word<?> ; and a special article, besides, refers to about one hundred other articles of the work in which this concept is treated (see Jew. Encyc. ii. 215-218). About one hundred articles begin with the word<?>, and a special article refers to as many more in which the word occurs.The articles are arranged in strictly alphabetical order, this being especially important in a work of this kind. The quotations are accompanied by an exact statement of their sources. In addition to the Halakah much space is devoted to the Haggadah of the Talmuds, and the work may also be regarded as an alphabetical index of the Talmudic haggadic sentences. It may be noted as a curious instance that in the article (ii. 766) Lampronti refers to a work in Italian, the title of which he quotes in carefully punctuated Hebrew transcription: "Demostrazioni della Essenza di Dio dalle Opere della sua Creazione; da Guglielmo Deram [], Firenze, 1719." Lampronti's work has not yet been critically examined, nor has a list been made of the sources which he used or quoted. Addenda made by Lampronti are preserved in the library of the Talmud Torah at Ferrara; according to Rabbi Benedetto <mask> of Ferrara, the author of a short biography of <mask> ("Ha-Maggid," xix.70), there are thirty-five folios, most of the leaves of which are, however, blank. But the addenda which are scattered through the several volumes of the work itself would if collected make a stout volume. <mask>'s elder son, Samuel Ḥay, is mentioned in the article ; his younger son, <mask>, was a physician, like his father, and versed in rabbinical lore. References
B. J. Levi, Della Vita e dell' Opera di Isacco Lampronti, Padua, 1871;
idem, in Ha-Maggid (1875), xix. 69 et seq. ;
Nepi-Ghirondi, Toledot Gedole Yisrael;
Geiger, Jüd. Zeit.1871, ix. 183 et seq. 1679 births
1756 deaths
18th-century Italian rabbis
Sephardi rabbis
Jewish encyclopedists
Italian encyclopedists
18th-century Italian physicians
18th-century Jewish physicians
Physicians from Ferrara
Religious leaders from Ferrara
Italian Sephardi Jews

masks:
Isaac Lampronti
Lampronti
Samuel Lampronti
Isaac
Isaac
. Isaac Cantarini
Isaac
Lampronti
Isaac Cantarini
Isaac Foa
Lampronti
Lampronti
Isaac Levi
Lampronti
Lampronti
Solomon Lampronti


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<mask>  (Arabic: غبريال يارد; born 7 October 1949) is a Lebanese-French composer, best known for his work in French and American cinema. Born in Beirut, Lebanon, Yared scored the French films Betty Blue and Camille Claudel. He later worked on English-language films, particularly those directed by Anthony Minghella. He won an Academy Award for Best Original Score and a Grammy Award for his work on The English Patient (1996) and was nominated for both The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999) and Cold Mountain (2003). Life and career
When Yared was 7, his father sent him to an accordion teacher. Two years later Yared stopped his accordion lessons and started music theory and piano lessons. Although he was not necessarily a gifted pianist, Yared was interested in reading music.When <mask> was 14, his piano teacher died and <mask> replaced him as the organist of Université Saint-Joseph. <mask> used the university's library to read the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Robert Schumann, and many other composers. This extensive reading inspired his first original composition, a piano waltz. <mask> gained a degree in law and did not formally study music at the university level until he traveled to France in 1969 to attend the École Normale de Musique de Paris as a non-registered student. There he learned the rules of music composition from Henri Dutilleux. At the end of 1971, <mask> went to Brazil to visit his uncle and was asked by the president of the World Federation of Light Music Festivals to write a song to represent the Lebanese in the Rio de Janeiro Song Festival. The song he composed went on to win first prize.While in Brazil, he also performed with a small orchestra. <mask> subsequently said that his time in Brazil greatly influenced his work. In 1975, he arranged the album Minacantalucio for the popular Italian singer Mina. He then went back to France, where he met and collaborated with the Costa Brothers, Jacques Dutronc, Françoise Hardy, Charles Aznavour, Mireille Mathieu, and numerous other musicians. This was a prolific period for the composer and he wrote nearly 3,000 pieces over a span of about six years. His contributions included a number of radio and TV jingles, such as TF1 news jingles and an episode on the series In the Tracks of. Film scores
<mask> is best known for his collaborations with the late Anthony Minghella.His first collaboration with Minghella was the 1996 film The English Patient, which was highly acclaimed and won him an Oscar for Best Original Score. He composed the scores for all of Minghella's subsequent films and the music for the television series The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, co-created by Minghella and Richard Curtis. Aside from his work with Minghella, <mask> scored a number of other films, including Betty Blue (1986), City of Angels (1998), Message in a Bottle (1999), Autumn in New York (2000), The Next Best Thing (2000), Possession (2002), and Bon Voyage (2003). He had a notable collaboration with René Laloux in the late 1980es on Gandahar and How Wang-fo was saved produced at the SEK Studio in North Korea. Cassandra Clare reported in August 2012 that <mask> was tapped to compose the score for The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones. However, he was eventually replaced on the project by Atli Örvarsson.Troy soundtrack
In 2004, <mask>'s score for the film Troy was rejected less than a month before the film's opening as a result of the poor reception by a test screening audience. The test audience were said to have found Yared's music too "brassy and bold". James Horner, the composer of the scores for such films as Braveheart and Titanic was then hired to create a replacement score in less than four weeks. <mask> expressed his dismay at the score's rejection in an open letter which was posted on his website. He said that the score which the test audience had heard was not yet finished and mixed properly, and that the studio had given him no opportunity to alter his score in light of the audience's reaction. Warner Bros. still owns the rights to Yared's Troy score and an official recording is not currently available and may never be (although selections from the score were briefly posted on Yared's website and private promotional CD). Film score critic Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks.com felt that Yared's work for Troy was far superior to what Horner had written, giving Horner's score a 3-star rating and Yared's a 5-star rating, saying that it was "outstanding," and called it the "pinnacle of Yared's career."Ballet scores
<mask> created the score to the narrative ballet Raven Girl choreographed to the Royal Ballet by Wayne McGregor after the story by Audrey Niffenegger. Selected filmography

Sauve qui peut (la vie) (1980) Music
La Lune dans le caniveau (1983) Music
Dangerous Moves (1984) Music
Le téléphone sonne toujours deux fois!! (1985) Music
37°2 le matin [Betty Blue] (1986) Music
Beyond Therapy (1987) Music
Agent trouble (1987) Music
L'homme voilé (1987) Music
Gandahar (1987) Music (not in US dubbed version Light Years)
Camille Claudel (1989) Music
Clean and Sober (1988) Music
Une nuit à l'Assemblée Nationale (1988)
Romero (1989) Music
Les 1001 Nuits (1990) Music
Vincent & Theo (1990) Music
The King's Whore (1990) Music
Tatie Danielle (1991) Music and theme song "The Complaint of the Old Bitch" (sung by Catherine Ringer)
L'Amant [The Lover] (1992) Music
La Fille de l'air (1992) Music
Map of the Human Heart (1993) Music
The English Patient (1996) Original Music
City of Angels (1998) Music and Orchestrations
Message in a Bottle (1999) Music and Orchestrations
The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999) Music, Orchestrations and songs
Autumn in New York (2000) Composed and Conductor
The Next Best Thing (2000) Music, Conductor and Orchestrations
Possession (2002) Composer, Conductor and Orchestrations
Bon voyage (2003) Music
Cold Mountain (2003) Composed and Orchestrations
Sylvia (2003) Composer
Shall We Dance? (2004) Music
Troy (2004) Composed and Orchestrated (Music Rejected from Final Film)
Das Leben der Anderen (2006) Music
Azur and Asmar (2006) Music
Breaking and Entering (2006) Music (with Underworld)
1408 (2007) Music
Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009) Original music
Amelia (2009) Original music
The Hedgehog (2009) Original music
The Tourist (2010) Original music - Score rejected; replaced by James Newton Howard. The movie does carry his track "Dance in F"
In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011) Original music
A Royal Affair (2012) Co-composed with Cyrille Aufort
Haute Cuisine (French original title: Les Saveurs du Palais)(2012) Original music
Belle du Seigneur (2012) Original Music
A Promise (2013)
The Prophet (2014) Original music
By the Sea (2015) Original music
Chocolat (2016)
It's Only the End of the World (2016)
The Promise (2016)
The Death and Life of John F. Donovan (2018)
Judy (2019)

Awards and nominations
Yared has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score on three occasions. He won for The English Patient in 1996. He was also nominated for The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999) and Cold Mountain (2003), but lost to John Corigliano and Howard Shore, respectively.He has also received three Golden Globe and three BAFTA nominations for the same films, and won both awards for The English Patient. He has been nominated for two Grammy Awards, again winning for The English Patient. References

External links
Official website
Interview with <mask>, on "1408"

1949 births
Living people
Musicians from Beirut
French film score composers
French male film score composers
Lebanese film score composers
Saint Joseph University alumni
French music arrangers
French people of Lebanese descent
École Normale de Musique de Paris alumni
Golden Globe Award-winning musicians
Grammy Award winners
European Film Awards winners (people)
Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners
Best Original Music BAFTA Award winners
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Varèse Sarabande Records artists

masks:
Gabriel Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Yared
Gabriel Yared


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General Sir <mask>,  (born 13 October 1954) is a former British Army officer who served as Commander Land Forces (formerly Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces) until December 2012. As a general officer, <mask> served in Northern Ireland as well as in Sierra Leone, Iraq and Afghanistan and in staff roles including governor of Edinburgh Castle, commandant of the Joint Services Command and Staff College and Commander of Regional Forces, a role that also gave him the duties of inspector-general of the Territorial Army. Between 2005 and 2006, <mask> served as deputy commanding general of Multi-National Force – Iraq, before appointment to General Officer Commanding, Northern Ireland, in which role he had the responsibility of overseeing the withdrawal of troops from the streets of Northern Ireland for the first time in over thirty years. While on holiday in 2009, <mask> and his wife received news that their son, Harry, a captain with The Rifles, had been seriously wounded in Afghanistan. Harry lost both legs as a result of a roadside bomb attack while leading his patrol. <mask> later gave interviews about the ordeal the family went through with Harry's injuries, calling the experience "foul". Later the same year, <mask> himself deployed to Afghanistan on a twelve-month tour, becoming the commander of the British forces in the country and deputy commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), second in command to American General Stanley A. McChrystal.In June 2010, McChrystal was relieved of his command of ISAF by President Barack Obama, leaving <mask> as acting commander of ISAF for just over a week until General David Petraeus was confirmed as the new commander. Early and personal life
Born the son of Captain Herbert Blake <mask> and Diana Katherine Barnwell, <mask> was educated at the independent Sherborne School and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. <mask> has listed Coronation Street and fishing among his interests. Early career
<mask> was commissioned into the Royal Green Jackets as a second lieutenant in January 1974. He was promoted to full lieutenant in November 1975, was Mentioned in Despatches in January 1980 for service in Northern Ireland the previous year, and promoted captain in May 1980. He attended the Army Staff Course in 1986 prior to promotion to major in October the same year. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1991, he was subsequently appointed commanding officer of the Second Battalion the Royal Green Jackets from 1994 to 1995 before promotion to colonel in 1996, having attended the Higher Command and Staff Course at the Staff College, Camberley.<mask> was promoted to brigadier in December 1997, with seniority from 30 June 1997 and given command of 20th Armoured Brigade, which deployed to Bosnia in 1999. High command
<mask> served as commander of the British task force in Sierra Leone and advisor to the country's president in 2001, and went on to become General Officer Commanding, 2nd Division in November 2002, being promoted to major-general on the same date. As General Officer Commanding 2nd Division, he was also Governor of Edinburgh Castle. In 2004 he served as commandant of the Joint Services Command and Staff College, before taking over as deputy commanding general of the Multi-National Corps – Iraq, holding the position from August 2005 to February 2006. <mask> was appointed General Officer Commanding Northern Ireland and promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general on 18 July 2006. In Northern Ireland he was responsible for reducing the UK's troop commitment in the Province and is quoted as saying "that the military had made a significant contribution to security in Northern Ireland that has allowed other people to make the difference through politics, social programmes and economics". <mask> oversaw the closure of the base at Bessbrook, County Armagh, which, he said, "signifies a time when the army stops being part of the security forces and moves into being part of the community."<mask> was awarded the American Legion of Merit "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services during coalition operations in Afghanistan" in 2007. In October 2007, he became Commander of Regional Forces at Land Command, a dual-hatted role as Inspector-General of the Territorial Army in which role he advocated for the TA and the regular Army to be regarded as a single organisation, pointing out that both face identical risks on deployment and saying "the TA soldier brings maturity and a wider understanding of the world – the end result, more so now than ever before, is the one Army and everyone should feel part of the same team". As Commander, Regional Forces, <mask> was responsible for overseeing the £3 billion overhaul of the Army's Royal Engineers' Royal School of Military Engineering in a public-private partnership in September 2008 as well as accepting the Freedom of the City of Bath on behalf of the Rifles in October 2008, and campaigning for the creation of an Armed Forces Day for the UK, a proposal that was implemented in July 2009. ISAF

In September 2009, it was announced that <mask> would succeed Royal Marine Lieutenant General Sir Jim Dutton as deputy commander of ISAF in Afghanistan. <mask> was serving in Afghanistan on Christmas Day 2009 and undertook a tour of British bases in the area to visit troops. On 23 June 2010, <mask> assumed temporary command of all 140,000 NATO troops in Afghanistan, following the departure of American General Stanley McChrystal. British Prime Minister David Cameron told U.S. President Barack Obama that <mask> had assured him that the operation would "not miss a beat" during the transition period.He held the role until 3 July, when General David Petraeus was confirmed as McChrystal's replacement. General
On 29 July 2010 <mask> was named as the next Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces in succession to General Sir Peter Wall. <mask> took over as Commander-in-Chief Land Forces on 1 October 2010 and was granted the substantive rank of general. For his service in Afghanistan, General <mask> was presented with his NATO ribbon by the overall allied commander in Afghanistan, US General David Petraeus, in addition to this Petraeus also presented General <mask> with a US Meritorious Service Medal; furthermore <mask> also received the Afghan President's Award from its Minister of Defence. Under a major army command reorganisation effective 1 November 2011 <mask>'s role was re-designated Commander Land Forces. <mask>'s post as Commander Land Forces was assumed by Lieutenant General Adrian Bradshaw in January 2013. As of 2010, <mask> was Honorary Colonel of the Manchester and Salford Universities Officers' Training Corps and served as Colonel Commandant of 1st Battalion The Royal Green Jackets.When the Royal Green Jackets were merged with others in 2007 to form The Rifles, he became Colonel Commandant of the new regiment until replaced in 2013 by Lt-General <mask>. From 2008 <mask> was the President of the Peninsular War 200, the official UK organisation for the commemoration of the Peninsular War (1808–1814). <mask> was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2001 and appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 2009 Birthday Honours. Family
In 1979 he married Rebecca Clare Wellings: they have two sons, one of whom, Harry, was seriously injured in July 2009 while serving as a captain with 4th Battalion The Rifles in Afghanistan. Harry lost both legs after the patrol he was commanding ran over a roadside bomb. <mask> later spoke about the aftermath of the incident, saying "it was pretty bad at that stage, they didn't know if Harry would survive or not. It helped being a soldier because all your training is about remaining as calm and calculating as you can in very difficult circumstances.But it was foul." References

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1954 births
Living people
Royal Green Jackets officers
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the Iraq War
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
British military personnel of the Sierra Leone Civil War
British Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Sherborne School
British military personnel of The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Recipients of the Legion of Merit

masks:
Nicholas Ralph Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Nick Carter
Parker
Parker
Parker


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<mask> (: August 23, 1924 – January 29, 2005) was an Israeli author, dramatist, screenwriter, and Oscar-nominated film director. He was one of the most widely read contemporary satirists in the world. Biography
<mask> was born on August 23, 1924 by the name of Ferenc Hoffmann into a middle-class Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary. In his youth he knew neither Hebrew nor Yiddish. His father worked as a bank manager and his mother was a former secretary. Kishon also had a sister who was a writer. His writing talent became evident in his youth.In 1940 he won his first prize for writing a novel for high school students. Due to the racial laws applied in Hungary during World War II, he was not allowed to continue his studies at the university and therefore he began to study jewelry making in 1942. During World War II the Nazis imprisoned him in several concentration camps. At one camp his chess talent helped him survive, as he played chess with the guards. In another camp, the Germans lined up the inmates and shot every tenth person, but passed him by. He later wrote in his book The Scapegoat, "They made a mistake—they left one satirist alive". He eventually managed to escape the concentration camps while being transported to the Sobibor extermination camp in Nazi German Occupied Poland, and hid the remainder of the war disguised as "Stanko Andras", a Slovak laborer.After the war when he returned to Budapest he discovered that his parents and sister had survived, but many other family members had been murdered in the gas chambers at Auschwitz. In 1945, he changed his surname from Hoffmann to <mask> and returned to Hungary, where he continued to study art and writing. In 1948 he completed his studies in metal sculpturing and art history and began publishing humorous articles under the name Franz Kishunt. In 1949 he immigrated to the newly founded state of Israel, together with his first wife Eva (Chawa) Klamer, to escape the Communist regime. When arriving in Israel an immigration officer officially Hebraicized his name to "Ephraim <mask>". According to Kishon, the Jewish Agency clerk asked him for his name and when he answered "Ferenc" the clerk said: There is no such thing, and wrote "Ephraim", and afterwards he went ahead and Hebraicized his family name as well, Kishon being a river near Haifa, the Israeli city on  Mount Carmel. His first marriage to Eva (Chawa) Klamer in 1946 ended in divorce.In 1959, he married Sara (née Lipovitz), who died in 2002. In 2003, he married the Austrian writer Lisa Witasek. Kishon had three children: Raphael (b. 1957), Amir (b. 1963), and Renana (b. 1968). In 1981, Kishon established a second home in the rural Swiss canton of Appenzell after feeling unappreciated in Israel, but remained a staunch Zionist.<mask> died on January 29, 2005 at his home in Switzerland at the age of 80 following a cardiac arrest. His body was flown to Israel and he was buried at the Trumpeldor Cemetery in Tel Aviv. Being a popular Israeli writer, he still felt he was getting negative treatment from the Israeli media due to the fact he was rather right wing in his political views. Literary career
<mask> initially lived in the "Sha'ar Ha'Aliyah" transit camp near Haifa, and soon afterwards moved to Kibbutz Kfar Hahoresh, in which he worked as a nurse while learning the Hebrew language during his free time with the help of his neighbor Joseph Bilitzer. During this period he wrote several humorous lists for the Hungarian newspaper "Új Kelet". Afterwards <mask> moved to a housing project. He studied Hebrew at the Ulpan "Etzion" in Jerusalem, and soon became proficient in the language.Nevertheless, his heavy Hungarian accent accompanied him throughout his life. Mastering the Hebrew language with remarkable speed, in 1951 <mask> began writing a satirical column in the easy-Hebrew daily, Omer, after only two years in the country. Later on <mask> began writing for the newspaper "Davar" (which was very influential at the time) in which he published a satire called "The Blaumilch Canal". That same year he published his first book in Israel "Ha-ole Ha-Yored le-Chayenu"- "The Pestering Immigrant", (a pun on the Hebrew word for "Immigrant") which was written in Hungarian and translated into Hebrew by Avigdor Hameiri. The book was mostly about the life experiences of new immigrants in Israel during the 1950s. In 1952 <mask> began writing a regular satirical column called "Had Gadya" ("One Young Goat" in Aramaic, taken from the Passover Seder liturgy) in the daily Hebrew tabloid "Ma'ariv". <mask> kept writing the column for about 30 years, while in the first two decades he published a new column almost every day.Within a few years after launching his writing career in Israel <mask> became one of the most prominent humorists and satirists in the country. <mask>'s extraordinary linguistic inventiveness and flair for creating characters was carried over into his work for the theater. Collections of his humorous writings have appeared in Hebrew and in translation. Among the English translations are Look Back Mrs. Lot (1960), Noah's Ark, Tourist Class (1962), The Seasick Whale (1965), and two books on the Six-Day War and its aftermath, So Sorry We Won (1967), and Woe to the Victors (1969). Two collections of his plays have also appeared in Hebrew: Shemo Holekh Lefanav (1953) and Ma´arkhonim (1959). <mask>'s books have been translated into 37 languages and sold particularly well in  Germany.<mask> rejected the idea of universal guilt for the Holocaust. He said: “It gives me great satisfaction to see the grandchildren of my executioners queuing up to buy my books.” Until his death in 1979, Friedrich Torberg translated his work into German. Thereafter <mask> did the German translations himself. Chess
Kishon was a lifelong chess enthusiast, and took an early interest in chess-playing computers. In 1990, German chess computer manufacturer Hegener & Glaser together with Fidelity produced the Kishon Chesster, a chess computer distinguished by the spoken comments it would make during a game. <mask> wrote the comments to be humorous, but were also carefully chosen to be relevant to chess and the position in the game. Published works

Books

 Ha-ole Ha-Yored le-Chayenu (1951)
 Thousand of Gadia and Gadia (1954)
 Ein Kamonim (1955)
 Do not worry (1957)
 Skeches (1959)
 It all depends (1958)
 Be-Echad Ha-Emeshim  (1961)
 He and She (1963)
 Somersaults (1964)
 Bone in the throat (1966)
 So sorry we won!(1967) (with illustrations by Dosh)
 Gomzim Gomzim (1969)
 For (1970)
 Oh, winners (1970)
 Department of Ephraim Kishon (1972)
 Wole in the screen (1973)
 Partachia my love (1974)
 My Family Right or Wrong (1977)
 Smile drought (1978)
 Family Book (1980–current)
 Jonathan voyage (1981) children books
 The cup is ours (1981) children books
 Uncles on the wires (1981) children books
 Unfinished adventure (1981) children books
 Gum with stripes (1981) children books
 Seven Comedies (1981)
 Satire book I (1981)
 Arbinkea (1991)
 Satire book II (1991)
 Satire book III (1992)
 58 Skeches (1995)
 Ants war (1995) children books
 Hercules and the seven midgets (1995) children books
 The Taming of the Shrew dog (1995) children books
 Hairy, hell (1998)
 state protocol (1999)
 The Redhead with the Key (2002) children books
 Book of Travels (2003)
 Partachia (2004)
 Picasso's Sweet Revenge (2004)

Plays

 His reputation precedes him (1953)
 Black on White (1957)
 Ha-Ketubbah (1959)
 No word to Morgenstein (1960)
 Take the plug out (1968)
 Oh, oh, Juliet (1972)
 Salah Shabati the musical  (1988)
 Open for renovation  (2004) not yet seen
 The Policeman (2009)

Kishon's sketches and plays have been performed, in translation, on stages and television networks worldwide. Films
Kishon expanded into cinema in the early 1960s. He wrote, directed and produced five feature films (all of them comedic /satirical movies). Three movies were nominated for major international awards (The Golden Globe award), two were nominated for the Oscar:
 Sallah Shabati (1964), nominated for Oscar for best foreign language film), Israeli comedy film about the chaos of Israeli immigration and resettlement. This social satire placed the director Ephraim Kishon among the first Israeli filmmakers to achieve international success. It also introduced actor Chaim Topol (Fiddler on the Roof) to audiences worldwide. Ervinka (1967), written and directed by Kishon.The film, starring Topol, is a comical tale of a con man who falls in love with a police officer. Blaumilch Canal, also known as The Big Dig (1969, nominated for Golden Globe 1971), an Israeli comedy which depicts the madness of bureaucracy through a municipality's reaction to the actions of a lunatic. Ha-Shoter Azoulay (literally, Constable Azoulay), also known as The Policeman (1971, nominated for Oscar for best foreign language film, awarded 1972 Golden Globe for best foreign language film). It won several other awards, such as best foreign film in the Barcelona film festival and best director in the Monte Carlo festival. In Israel it is considered a cinematic classic. The Fox in the Chicken Coop (1978), based on <mask>'s satirical book by the same name (Hebrew: Ha Shu'al B'Lool HaTarnegolot), features many prominent Israeli actors of the time, most notably Shaike Ophir and Seffy Rivlin. The film takes a satirical, comic look at the old generation of Israeli politicians.Awards
 In 1953, <mask> won the Nordau Prize for Literature;
 In 1958, he won the Sokolov Prize for Journalism;
 In 1964, he won the Kinor David Prize;
 In 1998, he was the co-recipient (jointly with Nurit Guvrin and Aryeh Sivan) of the Bialik Prize for literature;
 In 2002, he was awarded the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement & special contribution to society and the State of Israel. Upon receiving the prize, he remarked: "I've won the Israel Prize, even though I'm pro-Israel. It's almost like a state pardon. They usually give it to one of those liberals who love the Palestinians and hate the settlers." <mask> was nominated twice for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and three times for a Golden Globe Award. He won two Golden Globe Best Foreign Language Film Awards, for Sallah Shabati (1964), and The Policeman (1971). See also
List of Bialik Prize recipients
List of Israel Prize recipients
Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film#1960s.References

External links

<mask> <mask> – Biography, Satires, Obituaries, Photos, Prizes
TimesOnline obituary

1924 births
2005 deaths
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian writers
Hungarian emigrants to Israel
Israel Prize for lifetime achievement & special contribution to society recipients
Israeli male dramatists and playwrights
Israeli expatriates in Switzerland
Israeli film directors
Israeli humorists
Israeli Jews
Israeli male screenwriters
Israeli people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Israeli satirists
Jewish dramatists and playwrights
Jewish concentration camp survivors
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
20th-century Israeli dramatists and playwrights
Maariv (newspaper) people
20th-century screenwriters
Burials at Trumpeldor Cemetery

masks:
Ephraim Kishon
Ephraim Kishon
Kishont
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Kishon
Ephraim
Kishon


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<mask> ( ; born June 7, 1972) is an American politician who has served as the junior United States senator from New Mexico since 2021. He served as the U.S. representative for  from 2009 to 2021 and the assistant House Democratic leader (officially the "Assistant Speaker") from 2019 to 2021. He served as a member of the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission from 2005 to 2008, where he also served as chairman. <mask> was selected as chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) in 2014 and led the Democrats to win a House majority in the 2018 elections. He was the first Hispanic to serve in this role. In his role as assistant House Democratic leader, <mask> was the highest-ranking Latino in Congress. On April 1, 2019, <mask> announced his intention to seek the United States Senate seat being vacated by two-term Democratic incumbent Tom Udall in the 2020 election.He defeated Republican Mark Ronchetti in the general election on November 3, 2020, and took office on January 3, 2021. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico, as the last child of Carmen (<mask>) and <mask>, and has two older sisters and an older brother. He was raised in Nambe, New Mexico. His father, <mask>, went into politics in 1970, when he was elected to the County Commission, and from 1975, <mask> was a longtime member of the New Mexico House of Representatives, serving as majority whip and Speaker of the House. After graduating from Pojoaque Valley High School, <mask> worked as a blackjack dealer at a Lake Tahoe casino and a Northern New Mexico tribal casino. After his stint as a dealer, he attended the University of New Mexico and later received a BBA degree from New Mexico Highlands University. Early career

Public Regulation Commission
Luján was elected to the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission in November 2004.He represented PRC district 3 which encompasses northeastern, north central and central New Mexico. His served as chairman of the PRC in 2005, 2006 and 2007. His term on the PRC ended at the end of 2008. He helped to increase the Renewable Portfolio Standard in New Mexico that requires utilities to use 20 percent of their energy from renewable sources by 2020. Luján also required utilities to diversify their renewable use to include solar, wind and biomass. <mask> joined regulators in California, Oregon, and Washington to sign the Joint Action Framework on Climate Change to implement regional solutions to global warming. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
2008

In 2008, Luján ran to succeed U.S. Representative Tom Udall in New Mexico's 3rd congressional district.Udall gave up the seat to make what would be a successful bid for the United States Senate. On June 3, 2008, <mask> won the Democratic primary, defeating five other candidates. His closest competitor, developer Don Wiviott, received 26 percent to <mask>'s 42 percent. <mask> faced Republican Dan East and independent Carol Miller in the general election and won with 57% of the vote to East's 30% and Miller's 13%. 2010

<mask> won reelection against Republican nominee Thomas E. Mullins with 56.99% of the vote. 2012

<mask> won reelection against Republican nominee Jefferson Byrd with 63.12% of the vote. 2014

<mask> won reelection against Byrd again, with 61.52% of the vote.2016

<mask> won reelection against Republican nominee Michael H. Romero with 62.42% of the vote. 2018

<mask> won reelection against Republican nominee Jerald Steve McFall with 63.4% of the vote. Tenure
<mask> has been a proponent of health care reform, including a public option. In October 2009, he gave a speech on the House floor calling for a public option to be included in the House health care bill. In June 2009, Luján voted for an amendment that would require the United States Secretary of Defense to present a plan including a complete exit strategy for Afghanistan by the end of the year. The amendment did not pass. In September 2009, <mask> wrote a letter urging the Obama administration not to increase the number of troops in Afghanistan.In his letter, he drew on conversations he had with General Stanley A. McChrystal and Afghan President Hamid Karzai. In 2011, <mask> was a co-sponsor of Bill , the Stop Online Piracy Act. Energy policy
According to his campaign website, <mask> has been active in environmental regulation. He chairs the Congressional Hispanic Caucus’ Green Economy and Renewable Energy Task Force. <mask> has initiated several pieces of legislation regarding renewable energy such as the SOLAR Act. He co-authored the Community College Energy Training Act of 2009. He also supports natural gas usage and the New Alternative Transportations to Give Americans Solutions Act of 2009.Luján has high ratings from interest groups such as Environment America and the Sierra Club. <mask> serves on the bipartisan Congressional PFAS Task Force. He has introduced legislation to provide relief to communities and businesses impacted by PFAS/PFOA contamination in groundwater around Air Force bases in New Mexico and across the country. In addition to supporting the Green New Deal, an economic stimulus package that aims to address climate change and economic inequality, <mask> has developed legislation to put the United States on a path to net zero carbon emission and address climate change. Education policy
<mask> has been supported by the National Education Association. He supported the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and student loan reform. He cosponsored the STEM Education Coordination Act in an effort to produce more scientists and innovators in the United States.<mask> has pressed the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to bridge the digital divide to expand opportunities for rural communities. In 2018, he joined FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel on a bus ride where students learned to code during their drive time. Native American issues
<mask> has supported increased funding for the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Indian Health Service. He opposed the Stop the War on Coal Act of 2012 and was in favor of preserving sacred Native American ground. Luján worked to create legislation enabling tribes to directly request disaster assistance from the president. <mask>'s district contains 15 separate Pueblo tribes as well as tribal lands of the Jicarilla Apache Nation and Navajo Nation. In February 2009, Luján introduced a series of five water accessibility bills that, along with improving access to water for the many communities in the district, would also give federal funds to Indian tribes.Along with Harry Teague (D-NM) and Ann Kirkpatrick (D-AZ), <mask> sponsored an amendment to the House health care bill that would extend the current Indian Health Care system until 2025. Tribal governments were major donors to his 2012 reelection campaign. <mask> has worked with the New Mexico Congressional Delegation to protect the greater Chaco Canyon region from oil and gas drilling and methane emissions. He participated in a Congressional Delegation visit to Chaco Canyon and Santa Fe, New Mexico, in May 2019, to study the effects of methane emissions on sacred sites. Committee assignments
Committee on Energy and Commerce
Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
Subcommittee on Health
Subcommittee on Digital Commerce and Consumer Protection
Select Committee on the Climate Crisis

Caucus memberships
Congressional Arts Caucus
Congressional Hispanic Caucus

U.S Senate

Elections

2020

On April 1, 2019, <mask> announced he was running to succeed retiring Senator Tom Udall in the 2020 election. On June 2, 2020, <mask> won the Democratic primary unopposed. He defeated Republican nominee Mark Ronchetti in the general election 51.7% to 45.6%.Tenure

117th Congress (2021–present)
<mask> was sworn into the Senate on January 3, 2021. He was accompanied by the outgoing Senator, Tom Udall. On January 6, 2021, he was participating in the certification of the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count when Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol. He called the attack a "siege" and "a direct attack on our nation's democracy." In the wake of the attack, <mask> said he would vote to convict Trump "for inciting an insurrection." Energy
In February 2021, <mask> was one of seven Democratic U.S. Senators to join Republicans in blocking a ban of hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking.Committee assignments

 Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry
 Subcommittee on Rural Development and Energy
 Committee on the Budget
 Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
 Subcommittee on Communications, Media, and Broadband (Chair)
 Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security
 Subcommittee on Oceans, Fisheries, Climate Change and Manufacturing
 Subcommittee on Space and Science
 Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions
Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety
Subcommittee on Primary Health and Retirement Security

 Committee on Indian Affairs

Personal life
<mask> is a Catholic. On January 27, 2022, <mask> was hospitalized in Santa Fe after feeling fatigued and dizzy. He was found to have had a stroke affecting his cerebellum and was transferred to the University of New Mexico Hospital for treatment, which included a decompressive craniectomy. A statement from his office said that "he is expected to make a full recovery". Electoral history

See also
 List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress

References

External links

<mask>. <mask> official U.S. Senate website
<mask><mask> for U.S. Senate

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1972 births
21st-century American politicians
American politicians of Mexican descent
Catholics from New Mexico
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party United States senators
Hispanic and Latino American members of the United States Congress
Living people
<mask>.
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New Mexico
New Mexico Democrats
New Mexico Highlands University alumni
People from Nambé Pueblo, New Mexico
People from Santa Fe, New Mexico
United States senators from New Mexico

masks:
Ben Ray Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Ben Ray
Luján
Ray
Ben Luján
Ben
Ben
Ben Ray
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Luján
Ben R
Luján
Ben R
. Luján
Ben R


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<mask> (born January 7, 1956) is a retired American actor and producer, best known for his roles as Detective John Kelly on the ABC crime drama NYPD Blue and Lieutenant Horatio Caine on the CBS series CSI: Miami (2002-2012). He also appeared in the films An Officer and a Gentleman, First Blood (both 1982), Twins (1988), Kiss of Death (1995) and Proof of Life (2000). Early life
<mask> was born in Forest Hills, Queens, New York, the son of Joan, a librarian, and <mask>, a magazine and newspaper editor. He is of Irish and Italian descent. His father left the family when <mask> was two years old, forcing him to "end up fathering myself". Raised as a Catholic, Caruso attended Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Catholic School in Forest Hills. He later attended Archbishop Molloy High School in nearby Briarwood, graduating in 1974.Caruso worked as a cinema usher, where he would see up to 80 movies a week. He said that he and his co-workers would act out scenes from some of these movies while they were at the back of the theater. In this job he found his role models in Humphrey Bogart, James Cagney and Edward G. Robinson. He said:  "The ethics of certain actors certainly had a power over me. These guys taught me how to be what I consider the real scum of the earth." Career

1980s
<mask>'s first movie appearance was in the 1980 film Getting Wasted as Danny. He credits his role as Topper Daniels, "the cadet who nearly drowned", in An Officer and a Gentleman (1982) as what got him noticed.Caruso then spent most of the decade in supporting roles in films including First Blood (1982), Blue City (1986), China Girl (1987) and Twins (1988). On television, Caruso had a recurring role as Tommy Mann, leader of the street gang The Shamrocks, in seven episodes of the NBC police drama series Hill Street Blues (1981–83). He portrayed U.S. Olympian James Brendan Connolly in the 1984 miniseries, The First Olympics: Athens 1896, and also appeared in two episodes of the series Crime Story. Caruso featured in the music video for the song "Voyage, voyage" by the French singer Desireless, released in 1986. 1990s
Caruso had supporting roles as police officers in the crime films King of New York (1990) and Mad Dog and Glory (1993). While filming 1991's Hudson Hawk, he employed method acting, refusing to talk to anyone on set because his character, Kit-Kat, was mute, having had his tongue bitten off. In 1993, Caruso landed his first major role as Detective John Kelly in the police procedural series NYPD Blue, for which he won a Golden Globe Award.TV Guide named him as one of the six new stars to watch in the 1993–1994 season. He made news by leaving the highly rated show the following year (only four episodes into the second season) after failing to obtain the raise he wanted. His decision to leave the series would later be listed in a 2010 issue of TV Guide as #6 on a list of TV's 10 biggest "blunders". He was unable to establish himself as a leading man in films. His appearances in the 1995 thrillers Kiss of Death and Jade were met with a negative reception from critics, with both films receiving mixed reviews and poor box-office takings, and Caruso was nominated for the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst New Star for these two roles. In 1997, Caruso returned to television as a New York City-based federal prosecutor in the short-lived CBS law drama series Michael Hayes, which aired for one season. 2000s
Caruso returned to film with a supporting role as Russell Crowe's mercenary associate in Proof of Life (2000).In 2001, he had a lead role in the cult psychological horror film Session 9, directed by Brad Anderson. Dave Kehr, writing in The New York Times, praises his performance, stating that "it is good to see <mask> back in action, with a little more technique and a little less ego." In 2002, Caruso returned to television in his first successful role since NYPD Blue, starring as police Lieutenant Horatio Caine in the CSI spin-off series CSI: Miami. He was the first actor in the franchise to appear as the same character on three of the four CSI programs. He was known for frequently using one-liners at the beginning of each episode. Many of these include him putting on his trademark sunglasses mid-sentence, then walking off-screen just as the main theme starts. On an episode of the Late Show with <mask>man that aired on March 8, 2007, actor and comedian Jim Carrey professed to being a fan of the show and went on to do an impersonation of Caruso, asking for an "intense close-up" from the camera, speaking in a raspy voice and putting on sunglasses.<mask> later said in an interview with CBS that he was impressed with the impersonation. In 2012, CSI: Miami was cancelled after 10 seasons due to a decline in ratings and the climbing cost of production. <mask> was the only actor to appear in all 232 episodes of the series. After the end of the show, Caruso quietly retired from acting to become involved in the art business. Personal life
<mask> is founder of DavidCarusoTelevision.tv and LexiconDigital.tv, as well as co-owner of "Steam on Sunset", a clothing store in South Miami. <mask> has a daughter, Greta, with his second wife, actress Rachel Ticotin. He and former girlfriend Liza Marquez have two children together: a son Marquez and a daughter Paloma.In April 2009, Marquez filed papers against <mask> for fraud, breach of their settlement agreement and emotional distress. In March 2009, a woman was placed in custody in Tyrol, Austria, on charges of stalking <mask>. She had twice failed to appear in court to answer the charges before fleeing to Mexico; following her deportation from Mexico, Austrian officials took her into custody to await trial on the stalking charges. Awards and nominations
In 1994, Caruso won a Golden Globe Award for his John Kelly role on NYPD Blue for which he was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. In 2001, he was nominated for the Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actor – Suspense for his role as Dino in the film Proof of Life. Filmography

Film

Television

See also
 List of people from Queens

References

External links

 <mask> Bio at CBS - CSI: Miami

1956 births
Male actors from New York City
American male film actors
American businesspeople
American people of Irish descent
American people of Italian descent
American male television actors
Archbishop Molloy High School alumni
Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (television) winners
Living people
People from Forest Hills, Queens
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors

masks:
David Stephen Caruso
David Caruso
Charles Caruso
David
Caruso
David Caruso
David Letter
Caruso
Caruso
Caruso
Caruso
Caruso
Caruso
David Caruso


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Sir <mask> (also spelled <mask>) (died 1711), Sheriff, Alderman and Lord Mayor of London, was one of the first directors of the Bank of England, an adventurer with the London East India Company and the proprietor of the trading firm Sir Richard Levett & Company. He had homes at Kew and in London's Cripplegate, close by the Haberdashers Hall. A pioneering British merchant and politician, he counted among his friends and acquaintances Samuel Pepys, Robert Blackborne, John Houblon, physician to the Royal Family and son-in-law Sir Edward Hulse, Lord Mayor Sir William Gore, his brother-in-law Chief Justice Sir John Holt, Robert Hooke, Sir Owen Buckingham, Sir Charles Eyre and others. Early life and career beginnings

Although born into a once-powerful Sussex Anglo-Norman family (its surname derives from the village of Livet in Normandy),  the future Lord Mayor grew up in straitened circumstances after the family lost much of its medieval wealth. <mask>'s father was an intruding minister and he was ejected in 1660 after the Restoration when the legitimate incumbent returned to the living. Although born with connections, <mask> and his brother Francis were thrown onto their own resources, and were as much pioneers in business as they were in society. Despite their impressive Norman lineage, the <mask> brothers were strictly middle-class.They represented an emerging England, an England of meritocracy and hard work that trumped the old aristocratic England. (Perhaps it was not an accident that their father, Rev. <mask>, had Puritan sympathies.) The enterprising brothers demonstrated that through hard work and pluck, ordinary Englishmen could move into the upper-middle classes. The <mask> brothers were abetted in their rise by profound changes in the evolving English economy, with trade opening and feudal privileges diminishing in favour of a growing mercantile middle class. Although <mask> was a nominal Tory, he was a free market capitalist by practice. <mask> and his brother Francis began as small haberdashers, trading everything from tobacco to textiles.The sons of a country parson in Rutland, the two <mask> brothers imported goods into England, which they then sold to chapmen at fairs across the country, including those at Lenton, Gainsborough, Boston, Beverley and elsewhere. As the British Empire began to expand, bolstered by increasing military might, aggressive merchants like the <mask>s leapfrogged other foreign and domestic competitors. From their small operation grew a behemoth, with the <mask> brothers using their own ships to import everything from tobacco to linens. Eventually, their empire became among the largest factors of its day in England, with an immense working capital estimated between £30,000 and £40,000 in 1705, buying tobacco and other goods around the world for import into the English market. The firm they set up came to embrace trade with the Levant (principally Turkey and Syria), India, Africa, the West Indies, North America, Ireland and even Russia. Contemporaneous records show <mask> often immersed in the details of arranging shipping terms and trading voyages to places as disparate as French Guinea, Virginia, Maryland and elsewhere. In 1705, for instance, <mask> sent a letter to the Board of Trade and Plantations to complain about interference with his ships."The Governors of Virginia and Maryland", <mask> complained to the Board, "had refused to permit two ships of theirs to saile from those colonies with their ladings.... And it being alleged in the petition that the masters of those two ships (who came away in ballast) were obliged to give security to touch at the Maderas in their way home." The Board directed its agent to "write to the said masters at Bristol for further information in that matter." The building of a business empire

By the early eighteenth century, the firm of Sir Richard Levett and Company had become one of England's largest, dominating especially the enormous tobacco trade with the Virginia Colony, as well as the tobacco coming from Turkey. Detailed records of tobacco transactions at the time between Levett and Virginia planters reveal that the London merchant drove a hard bargain. <mask> eventually was named a merchant adventurer of the London East India Company, one of the first directors of the new Bank of England, and even, on 17 February 1698, a member of the New England Company. With his deep interests in shipping, <mask> was also one of the earliest investors in what became Lloyd's of London, the insurance firm. He was knighted at Kensington in 1691.In the close-knit world of London traders at the dawn of the eighteenth century, <mask> often found himself acting in conjunction with, or competing against, most of the other large traders known to him. At a meeting of the Governors and adventurers of the London East India Company held on 30 April 1701, for instance, <mask> found himself in the company of his fellow London traders and ranking India servants "Gov. T. Cooke, Deputy Sir Samuel Dashwood, Sir Thomas Rawlinson, Sir Jonathan Andrews, Sir John Fleet, Sir William Gore, Sir Henry Johnson, Sir William Langhorne, Sir William Prichard and Mr. Vansittart." In the year of 1695, <mask>'s increasingly powerful firm accounted for 3,894,864 pounds of tobacco imported into England. Of that, the firm subsequently re-exported some 1.3 million pounds to Holland, Germany and the Baltic. Acting as middlemen in an increasingly vertically integrated corporation, which was coming to resemble a modern trading company, <mask> and his partners began raking in enormous profits, partly due to their access to large amounts of capital, as well as their access to a proprietary shipping fleet.As their trading grew, <mask> became a prominent fixture on the London scene. He was elected Master of the Haberdashers' Company (1690 and 1691), Sheriff of the City of London for 1691, an Alderman, and eventually, in 1699, Lord Mayor of London. As Master of the Haberdashers' Company, <mask> played a key role in building fellow Master of the Haberdashers' Company Sir Robert Aske's Hospital, with <mask>'s friend Robert Hooke serving as architect. From his home in Cripplegate, formerly the home of Sir Thomas Bloodworth, a previous Lord Mayor, <mask> conducted his trading empire and the mayoral business. <mask>'s home, formerly that of the controversial Bloodworth, who served as Lord Mayor at the time of the Great Fire of London, was a large mansion on the old Noble Street near Lily Pot Lane. (The home was later occupied by printer Charles Rivington.) Home and family life

Also available for <mask>'s use were two country homes at Kew, including the Dutch House (now Kew Palace), as well as the large estate surrounding them.(After <mask>'s death, his daughter Mary Thoroton leased the Dutch House to Queen Caroline, wife of King George II, for use as a children's nursery, likely accounting for the decision of Frederick, Prince of Wales, to settle at Kew with his wife, Augusta, Princess of Wales. Both Levett homes as well as the estates surrounding them were sold to the Royal family in 1781 by Sir <mask>'s grandson <mask> Blackborne, Esq., a prominent Lincoln's Inn barrister). Sir <mask> was married to Mary Crispe, likely the daughter of merchant adventurer Sir Nicholas Crispe of Fulham, London. The couple were prominent in London during the years following the Restoration. <mask> was mentioned by Samuel Pepys in his diaries; he was frequently mentioned in contemporary accounts of weddings and soirées of the age, and became a philanthropist, donating to charities like St. Thomas' Hospital in Southwark, and church charities in the West Country and Ireland. Sir <mask>'s wife, in particular, was a generous donor to religious causes. Edmund Calamy, the English Nonconformist churchman, refers to "Lady Levett" in his memoirs as his great "friend", and Mrs. <mask> was noted in other accounts as a generous donor to religious and educational causes.Minister Calamy even dedicated a sermon to Lady <mask>. Samuel Pepys, the diarist and Secretary of the Admiralty (and friend of Robert Blackborne, who held the same job), apparently socialised with <mask>. "After staying here a great while at Westminster", Pepys noted in his diary of 14 March 1668,  "we (went) back to London, and there to Philips's, and his man directed us to Mr. <mask>'s, who could not come, and he sent us to two more, and they could not; so that, at last, <mask> as a great kindness did resolve he would leave his business and come himself, which set me in great ease in my mind." <mask> also figures prominently in the recently published diaries of politician Roger Whitley, Member of Parliament from Wales and then from Chester. Whitley was a prominent figure in Chester and a major Whig politician. Whitley's massive diaries reveal frequent meetings between the two men. Death and legacy

Sir <mask> died in 1711.He and his wife and several of their daughters are buried in the churchyard at Kew, where there are memorials to them in the church as well as to the Blackborne family with whom they intermarried. The inscription carved into a mural slab set in the tower of Saint Anne's Church, Kew, reads: "Within this vault lie the remains of Sir <mask>, Knight, of Kew. Also of Lady <mask>, his wife, who died October 15th, 1722." Sir <mask>'s son <mask>, also an Alderman (1722) and Sheriff of London, inherited his father's interests, but apparently mismanaged them, filing for bankruptcy in 1730. Consequently, many heirlooms of the <mask> family of Sussex passed to the family of the Lord Mayor's daughter and her husband, the Hulse family of Hampshire, and are today at Breamore House, the Hulse family seat. (Alderman <mask>, son of the Lord Mayor, died and was buried in Temple Church in 1740). The third brother of <mask> and <mask> was Rev.Dr. <mask>, principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and Dean of Bristol. The brothers' uncle, brother of their father Rev. <mask> of Rutland, was courtier <mask> Esq., who accompanied King Charles I during his flight from Cromwellian forces, and thence to his imprisonment at Carisbrooke Castle and to his eventual execution. Some twelve years following Sir <mask>'s death, his wife Mary, by then living at Bath, changed her will to exclude two paintings she had previously bequeathed to a friend at Bath upon discovering that the portraits of King Charles I and his Queen were painted by the artist Anthony van Dyck. Given the discovery, Dame <mask> made a codicil to her will directing that the valuable paintings be sold with the proceeds going to her granddaughters. Presumably the <mask> family had inherited the paintings from the Lord Mayor's uncle, groom of the bedchamber to the late King. References

Sources
 The Levetts of Staffordshire, Dyonese <mask> Haszard, Milford, Staffordshire, privately printed
 The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London, 1660–1730, Peter Earle, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1989
  The Thorotons, Myles Thoroton Hildyard, privately printed, 1991

External links
 "Biography of Sir <mask> ( -1711), and his family" The University of Nottingham
  Seal (Coat of arms) of Mayor Sir <mask>, Haberdasher, Son of the Reverend <mask> of Ashwell in the County of Rutland, A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster, John Strype, hrionline.ac.uk
 Portrait of Sir <mask>, The Home Counties Magazine: Devoted to the Topography of London, Vol.X, W. Paley Baildon, Reynell & Son, London, 1908

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1711 deaths
People from Ashwell, Rutland
Richard
People from Kew, London
History of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
British East India Company people
People associated with the Bank of England
17th-century lord mayors of London
17th-century English businesspeople
18th-century English people
Sheriffs of the City of London
English knights
English merchants
History of the City of London
Year of birth unknown
Burials at St. Anne's Church, Kew
English people of Norman descent

masks:
Richard Levett
Richard Levet
Levett
Richard Levett
Levett
Richard Levett
Levett
Levett
Levett
Levett
Levett
Levett
Levett
Levett
Levett
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Richard Levett
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Richard
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Richard Levett
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Richard Levett
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Richard Levett
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Richard Levett
Richard Levett
Mary Levett
Richard Levett
Richard
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Richard
Francis Levett
William Levett
Richard Levett
William Levett
Richard
Mary Levett
Levett
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Richard Levett
Richard Levet
Richard Levet
Richard Levett


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<mask> (November 2, 1799 – March 13, 1885) was an American ornithologist, entomologist, photographer, and explorer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a scientific illustrator whose paintings and drawings of wildlife known for their beauty and accuracy. Peale was a member of several high-profile scientific expeditions. In 1819–1820, he and Thomas Say accompanied Stephen Harriman Long on an expedition to the Rocky Mountains. He was also a member of the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–1842). Peale is also known for his contributions to photography during his last decades. Peale was one of the first naturalists to expose the scientific fraud of John James Audubon.Biography

Family and early life
Peale was born in Philosophical Hall, Philadelphia, on November 17, 1799. The youngest son of the polymath Charles Willson <mask> and his wife Elizabeth de Peyster, Peale was named after his dead half-brother, also named <mask> <mask> (1780–1798). The family moved to Germantown, Pennsylvania, outside of Philadelphia, where Peale began collecting and drawing butterflies and other insects. Some of his drawings were published in Thomas Say's American Entomology as early as 1816, but most remained unpublished until recently. Like his older brothers Raphaelle, Rembrandt, and Rubens Peale, Titian helped his father in the preservation of the museum's specimens for display. Scientific career and expeditions

Peale was a member of the "first private, museum sponsored exploration in the United States", when he joined William Maclure, Thomas Say, and George Ord on an expedition to Florida and Georgia in 1817, sponsored by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP). In 1819–20, he and Say joined a government-led expedition to the Rocky Mountains led by Stephen Harriman Long, during which Peale made a large collection of drawings of natural objects and scenery.In the winter of 1824–25, Peale traveled to South Carolina and Florida to collect bird specimens for Charles Lucien Bonaparte's forthcoming quasi-continuation of Alexander Wilson's American Ornithology (1825–1833). In Florida, he boarded for a short time at the farm of Bonaparte's cousin, Achille Murat, and returned to Philadelphia in April 1825. In 1831–32, Peale explored the Magdalena River valley in northern Colombia. According to a notice published by Constantine S. Rafinesque in 1832: "Mr. Peale is just returned from his voyage to South America, and travels in 1831 up the R. Magdalena to Bogota. He has brought a fine zoological collection for the Philadelphia Museum, among which are 500 birds and 50 quadrupeds, which were not there. It is expected that he will publish an account of his zoological travels and discoveries. He asserts the very singular fact that the R. Magdalena has no shells and but few fishes."In 1833, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society. From 1833–1836, Peale managed the Philadelphia Museum which had been founded by his father Charles Willson <mask>. In 1838, Peale boarded the Peacock and served as chief naturalist for the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–1842) led by Lt. Charles Wilkes. The other naturalists on the expedition were James Dwight Dana and Charles Pickering. As chief naturalist, he collected and preserved various specimens of natural history, many of which he packed and shipped back to Philadelphia. During the expedition, Wilkes named Peale Passage after <mask> <mask>. In 1848, he was removed from the payroll of the scientific corps.In 1851, a fire at the Library of Congress destroyed nearly all of the 100 copies of Peale's expedition report, Mammalia and Ornithology (1848), and its publication was delayed. John Cassin was hired to produce a corrected volume, which was published in 1858. Scientific collections
Peale was the second ornithologist known to collect a female Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), and the first to illustrate it. Thomas Jefferson collected one in 1782. Peale shot his specimen in 1824 near Camden, New Jersey, and his drawing was engraved by Alexander Lawson and published in Plate 1 of Bonaparte’s American Ornithology; or, the Natural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States, Not Given by Wilson, vol. 1 (Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Carey, 1825). Peale developed an effective method for storing butterflies in sealed cases with glass fronts and backs, and parts of his collection of over 100 species still survive.He was the curator for the Peale's Museum and was a notable scientific illustrators of Central Plains flora and fauna for several decades. He also designed coins for the United States Mint. Later years and death
Peale was employed at the United States Patent Office until 1873. He died on March 13, 1885 in Philadelphia and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery, Section 8, Lot 74, in an unmarked grave. Public collections

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, holds Peale's butterfly and moth collections
American Museum of Natural History, New York City, holds <mask> <mask>'s unpublished manuscript of The Butterflies of North America
American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia
Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas
Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, holds additional specimens collected by Peale
Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan
Honolulu Museum of Art, Hawaii
Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska
Museum of Nebraska Art, University of Nebraska
National Museum of American History, Photographic History Collection
National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, holds Peale's original manuscript, Drawings of American Insects; Showing Them in Their Several States, Together With Such Minute Insects as Require Investigation by Microscope. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia
Reading Public Museum, Reading, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland Museum of American Art, Greensburg, Pennsylvania
Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, holds five of Peale's sketchbooks from the Stephen H. Long Expedition

Published Works
Peale, T. R. 1831. Circular of the Philadelphia Museum: Containing Direction for the Preservation and Preparation of Objects of Natural History.Legacy
Peale designed the reverse of the Gobrecht dollar minted from 1836 to 1839 and recycled for obverse of the Flying Eagle cent of 1856–1858. In 1923, Peale Island, one of the three islands surrounding the lagoon at Wake Atoll was named for Peale by Alexander Wetmore, lead scientist of the Tanager Expedition. In 1873 Robert Ridgway named the biggest subspecies of the peregrine falcons, the Peale's falcon, after him. See also
European and American voyages of scientific exploration
Samuel Seymour (artist) who was the landscape artist of Long's Expedition of 1820

Notes

Further reading

External links

The Historic Titian Peale Butterfly and Moth Collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences
Scientist of the Day-Titian Ramsay Peale at Linda Hall Library

1799 births
1885 deaths
19th-century American painters
19th-century male artists
American male painters
American entomologists
American naturalists
American ornithologists
American photographers
Scientific illustrators
Volcano School painters
Titian
Sibling artists
De Peyster family
American bird artists
Hawaii artists
People of the United States Exploring Expedition
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Coin designers

masks:
Titian Ramsay Peale
Peale
Titian
Ramsay Peale
Peale
Titian
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Titian
Ramsey Peale


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<mask> (, born January 16, 1952) is the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel (known as the Rishon LeZion), the rosh yeshiva of Yeshivat Hazon Ovadia, and the author of a set of books on halakha (Jewish law) called Yalkut Yosef. <mask> is the son of <mask>, former Chief Rabbi of Israel, and bases his halakhic rulings on his father's methodology. His books are considered foundational among large sectors of Sephardic Jews in Israel and the world. For these books, he has won the Rabbi Toledano Prize from the Tel Aviv Religious Council, as well as the Rav Kook Prize. Biography
<mask> was born in Jerusalem in 1952, the sixth son of the former Shas spiritual leader and Israeli Chief Rabbi, <mask>. He attended school at Talmud Torah Yavneh in the Independent Education System. At age 12, he began his studies at the junior yeshiva of Porat Yosef in Katamon, Jerusalem.After that, he studied at Yeshivat HaNegev in Netivot, and from there, at Hebron Yeshiva in Jerusalem. <mask> did not finish high school, and called secular studies "nonsense". In 1971, when he was 18 and studying at Yeshivat HaNegev, <mask> collected halakhic rulings from the five volumes of Yavia Omer, the book of his father's responsa, that had been published by then, and published them in the book Yalkut Yosef. The book was published with his father's support and supervision. It is often considered one of his father's books, since not only is it a summary of his father's rulings, but the latter also went over it section by section and added his own comments. <mask> is married to Ruth, daughter of the kabbalist Rachamim Attia. They have five children.His eldest son, named after his father Ovadia, is married to the daughter of Shlomo Amar. His daughter Margalit is married to the son of Yehuda Deri. His youngest daughter is married to the son of Meir Sage. <mask> lives in the Sanhedria Murhevet neighborhood of Jerusalem. Rabbinic career

In 1973, with his father's election as Chief Rabbi of Israel, together they established the Kollel Hazon Ovadia. In 1980, <mask> was ordained as a rabbi and judge, along with the rest of the first class of the graduates, by the chief rabbis of Israel and by the chief rabbi of Jerusalem Shalom Messas. With the beginning of the second class, he was appointed head of the school.In 1975 <mask> was appointed rabbi of the moshavim Nes Harim and Mata, both near Jerusalem, and began to deliver classes on halakha several times a week and care for other Jewish matters in the villages. As part of his responsibilities, he gave lectures and classes in the secular public schools and strengthened religious education there. In 1992 <mask> expanded Hazon Ovadia to a yeshiva for boys high school age and older. This was necessary because of unrest among the Sephardi Haredi community stemming from disagreements with the Ashkenazi Litvak yeshiva. On 24 July 2013 <mask> was elected to serve as Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel and Rishon Lezion, a position he will hold for a decade. The inauguration took place on 14 August 2013 at the official residence of the President of Israel. With the death of <mask>'s father, the Shas political party lost its spiritual leader.Having been elected Sephardi Chief Rabbi, <mask> appeared to be in a healthy position to inherit the authority of his father as the spiritual leader of Shas. But since he holds a position of public office, <mask> is prohibited by law from being politically active. Until the election, he never held any formal public office. On 21 August 2013 <mask> released a psak halakha stating it is an obligation and mitzvah for parents to have their children vaccinated for polio virus. In 2021 he endorsed the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States and serves as its Halachic guide. Controversy

In March 2016, <mask> called for religious Jews to keep their children away from secular or traditional members of their family because they could be a negative influence. Later that month, when Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot told military staff that rules of engagement must respect the law, and soldiers should not kill an attacker who has already been subdued, <mask> said soldiers must kill anyone who comes to attack them regardless of legal or military repercussions.Later he said: "If they no longer have a knife, they must be put in prison for life until the Messiah comes and says who are Amalekites, and then we can kill them." He also said that according to Jewish law, gentiles "should not live in the Land of Israel" unless they practice the seven Noahide Laws. Should they refuse to do so, they should be sent to Saudi Arabia. He added that non-Jews are allowed in Israel to serve the Jewish population. Leaders of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) condemned <mask>'s statements and called for their retraction. Jonathan Greenblatt and Carole Nuriel of ADL Israel called the remarks ignorant and intolerant. He was eventually pressured into retracting his comments.There is constant controversy surrounding the authority of the Chief Rabbis over things like the conversion process, marriages, and semikhah (rabbinic ordination); due to the majority of Israel being secular or far less religious than the standards imposed by the Chief Rabbis. In 2016, it was revealed that they held a list of beth dins whose conversions it will recognize, and maintained a secret blacklist of rabbis whose conversions they would not recognise. This list caused controversy, since there were a number of well-regarded Orthodox rabbis on the list, including Avi Weiss and Yehoshua Fass. These lists were kept secret, offering no opportunity for outside review or appeal, and led to some confusion. The situation became even more difficult when it was revealed that Haskel Lookstein, an Orthodox rabbi in the USA, was included on the blacklist, and some of his students were not permitted to marry in Israel. Lookstein was the officiating rabbi at Ivanka Trump's conversion and created some difficulties between Israel and the United States, since this was revealed shortly after the election of her father to the presidency. It was reported that even David Lau was opposed to <mask>'s policy in regards to recognition of US converts.Soon after that, the rules were amended so that Trump's conversion was accepted, although there were some questions about whether that was done merely to curry favor with the new US president. In December, he said that it was "not the way of the Torah" for women to join the IDF or even sign up for civilian national service: "All the great sages through the generations, including all Israel's chief rabbis, believe that it is forbidden for girls to go into the army... not just to the army – but to national service too." In May 2017, <mask> compared secular women to animals because they dressed immodestly. On 18 March 2018, <mask> allegedly likened people of black African descent to monkeys. He was speaking on the topic of the Meshaneh HaBriyot blessing in the Talmud concerning the sight of an unusual creature, either person or animal ("Blessed are you, Lord our God...who makes creatures different."). Examples of people given include "an (unusually) black, red, or white person, a giant, a dwarf, or one with spots", and of animals, examples include "an elephant, monkey, or vulture". In referring to black people, <mask> used the ancient term kushi, the term present in the Talmud.The term is considered derogatory in modern Hebrew, but in the Talmud it is equivalent to saying "African" (see Kingdom of Kush). He said: "Seeing a black person, you say the blessing. What black person? One who had a white mother and father, and came out black. Not on every black person do you make a blessing. When you walk in the streets of America, every five minutes, you see a black person. Will you say on him the blessing?Rather, it only needs to be on a black person whose mother and father are white. If, you know, two people birth a monkey or something like that, then you say the Different Creatures blessing." The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) tweeted that his comments were "utterly unacceptable". In January 2020, he was criticized for calling immigrants from the former Soviet Union "Communist, religion-hating" gentiles. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called <mask>’s remarks "outrageous" and said the immigrants from the former Soviet Union are a "huge blessing to the State of Israel and the Jewish people." <mask>'s remarks also were slammed by others in the Knesset, including Knesset speaker Yuli Edelstein, who immigrated from Ukraine in 1987, and by Yisrael Beiteinu party leader Avigdor Liberman, who immigrated from Moldova. <mask> stood by his comments, saying they were distorted by politicians who had been inciting against Jews and Judaism and that he was only referring to a minority of immigrants.In January 2021, <mask> was criticized for flouting the coronavirus health restrictions;

In June 2021, he said science and math are "nonsense", and students should only study Torah instead, adding proudly that he himself never finished school or received a diploma. Critics accused <mask> of promoting dependence on government handouts and charitable donations instead of advancing self-reliance. The large majority of ultra-Orthodox boys do not study the core curriculum of math, English, science and computer studies at elementary school level, and the overwhelming majority do not study this curriculum at high school level. Socioeconomic experts have warned that this failure to provide a basic education to boys in the Haredi sector combined with its high rate of population growth means the economy will be imperiled with an inadequate workforce for the 21st century. In July 2021, the rabbi stated that it's "better to live abroad than among secular Israelis". References

20th-century rabbis
21st-century rabbis
Authors of books on Jewish law
Iraqi Jews
Israeli Sephardi Jews
1952 births
Living people
Israeli Mizrahi Jews
Ovadia <mask>
Rishon LeZion (rabbi)
Sephardic Haredi rabbis in Israel
Exponents of Jewish law

masks:
Yitzhak Yosef
Yosef
Ovadia Yosef
Yitzhak Yosef
Ovadia Yosef
Yosef
Yosef
Yosef
Yosef
Yosef
Yosef
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Yosef
Yosef
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Yosef
Yosef
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