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 characters grapple with infidelity, fatherhood, crooked politicians, racism, nostalgia and buried secrets."Chabon said upon publication in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle that the novel concerns "the possibility and impossibility of creating shared community spaces that attempt to transcend the limits imposed on us by our backgrounds, heritage and history." Five years in gestation, Telegraph Avenue had a difficult birth, Chabon telling the Guardian newspaper, "I got two years into the novel and got completely stymied and felt like it was an utter flop.... I had to start all over again, keeping the characters but reinventing the story completely and leaving behind almost every element." After starting out with literary realism with his first two novels and moving into genre-fiction experiments from The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay onward, Chabon feels that Telegraph Avenue is a significant "unification" of his earlier and later styles, declaring in an interview, "I could do whatever I wanted to do in this book and it would be OK even if it verged on crime fiction, even if it verged on magic realism, even if it verged on martial arts fiction.... I was open to all of that and yet I didn't have to repudiate or steer away from the naturalistic story about two families living their everyday lives and coping with pregnancy and birth and adultery and business failure and all the issues that might go into making a novel written in the genre of mainstream quote-unquote realistic fiction, that that was another genre for me now and I felt free to mix them all in a sense." The novel has been optioned by film producer Scott Rudin (who previously optioned and produced Wonder Boys), and Cameron Crowe is adapting the novel into a screenplay, according to Chabon. In a public lecture and reading of the novel in Oakland, California, Chabon listed creative influences as broad as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Altman, and William Faulkner.Moonglow, Pops, Bookends, and current work
<mask>'s latest novel, Moonglow was published November 22, 2016. The novel is a quasi-metafictional memoir, based upon the deathbed confessions of Chabon's grandfather in the late 1980s. <mask> followed-up Moonglow in summer 2017 with the edited collection Kingdom of Olives and Ash: Writers Confront the Occupation, a non-fiction collection of essays by writers concerning the continued Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, featuring contributions from writers including Dave Eggers, Colum McCann, and Geraldine Brooks. <mask> co-edited the volume with Ayelet Waldman, and they both contributed essays to the collection. <mask> had previously weighed in on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in 2010, having written an op-ed piece for the New York Times in June 2010 in which he noted the role of exceptionalism in Jewish identity, in relation to the "blockheadedness" of Israel's botching of the Gaza flotilla raid and the explanations that followed. Pops: Fatherhood in Pieces was published in May 2018. Pops is a short non-fiction memoir/essay collection, the essays thematically linked by the rewards and challenges of various aspects of fatherhood and family.<mask>'s next non-fiction book, Bookends: Collected Intros and Outros, was published in January 2019. This volume is a collections of introductions, afterwords, and liner notes that Chabon has contributed over the years to various books and other projects, also exploring <mask>'s own literary influences and ideas about writing and reading. The book serves as a fundraiser for MacDowell, to which Chabon is contributing all royalties. In an interview with the American Booksellers Association promoting Moonglow in November 2016, <mask> stated that his next fiction project would be "...a long overdue follow-up — but not a sequel — to Summerland, my book for a somewhat younger readership. It’s something I’ve been trying to get around to for a long time." In 2014, <mask> was involved in writing lyrics for Mark Ronson's album Uptown Special, and later collaborated with Adam Schlesinger on the song "House of Broken Gingerbread" written for the Monkees' October 2018 album Christmas Party. Despite his success, <mask> continues to perceive himself as a "failure," noting that "anyone who has ever received a bad review knows how it outlasts, by decades, the memory of a favorable word."Amazon vs. Hachette controversy
In 2014, Amazon.com, a leading book distributor, was in a dispute with Hachette, a publisher. Hundreds of authors, Chabon included, condemned Amazon in an open letter because Amazon stopped taking pre-orders for books published by Hachette. Personal life
After the publication of The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, Chabon was mistakenly featured in a Newsweek article on up-and-coming gay writers (Pittsburghs protagonist has liaisons with people of both sexes). The New York Times later reported that "in some ways, [Chabon] was happy" for the magazine's error, and quoted him as saying, "I feel very lucky about all of that. It really opened up a new readership to me, and a very loyal one." In a 2002 interview, Chabon added, "If Mysteries of Pittsburgh is about anything in terms of human sexuality and identity, it's that people can't be put into categories all that easily." In "On The Mysteries of Pittsburgh," an essay he wrote for the New York Review of Books in 2005, Chabon remarked on the autobiographical events that helped inspire his first novel: "I had slept with one man whom I loved, and learned to love another man so much that it would never have occurred to me to want to sleep with him."In 1987, <mask> married the poet Lollie Groth. According to <mask>, the popularity of The Mysteries of Pittsburgh had adverse effects; he later explained, "I was married at the time to someone else who was also a struggling writer, and the success created a gross imbalance in our careers, which was problematic." He and Groth divorced in 1991. He married the Israeli-born writer Ayelet Waldman in 1993. They live together in Berkeley, California, with their four children. <mask> has said that the "creative free-flow" he has with Waldman inspired the relationship between Sammy Clay and Rosa Saks toward the end of The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, and in 2007, Entertainment Weekly declared the couple "a famous—and famously in love—writing pair, like Nick and Nora Charles with word processors and not so much booze." In a 2012 interview with Guy Raz of Weekend All Things Considered, <mask> said that he writes from 10 p.m. to 3 a.m. each day, Sunday through Thursday.He tries to write 1,000 words a day. Commenting on the rigidity of his routine, Chabon said, "There have been plenty of self-destructive rebel-angel novelists over the years, but writing is about getting your work done and getting your work done every day. If you want to write novels, they take a long time, and they're big, and they have a lot of words in them.... The best environment, at least for me, is a very stable, structured kind of life." <mask> was a vocal endorser of Barack Obama during his 2008 election campaign, and wrote an enthusiastic opinion piece on Obama for the New York Review of Books, titled "Obama & the Conquest of Denver", in October 2008. Subsequently, Chabon included a brief, fictionalized 'cameo' by Obama in his 2012 novel Telegraph Avenue. Since 2016, <mask> has been an outspoken critic of Donald Trump, both during his campaign for the presidency (signing a petition with over 400 other writers against his presidency in May 2016), and during his administration.During an interview with The Guardian before Trump's inauguration in January 2017, Chabon remarked of the incoming president, "I really have no idea what to expect. He’s so unpredictable. He’s so mercurial. You know, I would be no more surprised if he stood up there and declared amnesty for all illegal immigrants to the United States than if he said he was going to take them all out to be shot. He’s like a random impulse generator." In a 2017 radio interview, <mask> spoke of Trump: "Every morning I wake up and in the seconds before I turn my phone on to see what the latest news is, I have this boundless sense of optimism and hope that this is the day that he’s going to have a massive stroke, and, you know, be carted out of the White House on a gurney." Interest in genre fiction
In a 2002 essay, Chabon decried the state of modern short fiction (including his own), saying that, with rare exceptions, it consisted solely of "the contemporary, quotidian, plotless, moment-of-truth revelatory story."In an apparent reaction against these "plotless [stories] sparkling with epiphanic dew," Chabon's post-2000 work has been marked by an increased interest in genre fiction and plot. While The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay was, like The Mysteries of Pittsburgh and Wonder Boys, an essentially realistic, contemporary novel (whose plot happened to revolve around comic-book superheroes), Chabon's subsequent works—such as The Final Solution, his dabbling with comic-book writing, and the "swashbuckling adventure" of Gentlemen of the Road—have been almost exclusively devoted to mixing aspects of genre and literary fiction. Perhaps the most notable example of this is The Yiddish Policemen's Union, which won five genre awards, including the Hugo Award and Nebula Award. Chabon seeks to "annihilate" not the genres themselves, but the bias against certain genres of fiction such as fantasy, science fiction and romance. Chabon's forays into genre fiction have met with mixed critical reaction. One science fiction short story by Chabon, "The Martian Agent," was described by a reviewer as "enough to send readers back into the cold but reliable arms of The New Yorker." Another critic wrote of the same story that it was "richly plotted, action-packed," and that "Chabon skilfully elaborates his world and draws not just on the steampunk worlds of William Gibson, Bruce Sterling and <mask>, but on alternate histories by brilliant science fiction mavericks such as Avram Davidson and Howard Waldrop.The imperial politics are craftily resonant and the story keeps us hanging on." While The Village Voice called The Final Solution "an ingenious, fully imagined work, an expert piece of literary ventriloquism, and a mash note to the beloved boys' tales of Chabon's youth," The Boston Globe wrote, "[T]he genre of the comic book is an anemic vein for novelists to mine, lest they squander their brilliance." The New York Times states that the detective story, "a genre that is by its nature so constrained, so untransgressive, seems unlikely to appeal to the real writer," but adds that "... Chabon makes good on his claim: a successful detective story need not be lacking in literary merit." In 2005, Chabon argued against the idea that genre fiction and entertaining fiction should not appeal to "the real writer," saying that the common perception is that "Entertainment ... means junk.... [But] maybe the reason for the junkiness of so much of what pretends to entertain us is that we have accepted—indeed, we have helped to articulate—such a narrow, debased concept of entertainment.... I'd like to believe that, because I read for entertainment, and I write to entertain. Period." One of the more positive responses to Chabon's brand of "trickster literature" appeared in Time magazine, whose Lev Grossman wrote that "This is literature in mid-transformation.... [T]he highbrow and the lowbrow, once kept chastely separate, are now hooking up, [and] you can almost see the future of literature coming."Grossman classed Chabon with a movement of authors similarly eager to blend literary and popular writing, including Jonathan Lethem (with whom Chabon is friends), Margaret Atwood, and Susanna Clarke. On the other hand, in Slate in 2007, Ruth Franklin said, "<mask> has spent considerable energy trying to drag the decaying corpse of genre fiction out of the shallow grave where writers of serious literature abandoned it." The Van Zorn persona
For some of his own genre work, <mask> has forged an unusual horror/fantasy fiction persona under the name of August Van Zorn. More elaborately developed than a pseudonym, August Van Zorn is purported to be a pen name for one Albert Vetch (1899–1963). In <mask>'s 1995 novel Wonder Boys, narrator Grady Tripp writes that he grew up in the same hotel as Vetch, who worked as an English professor at the (nonexistent) Coxley College and wrote

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 hundreds of pulp stories that were "in the gothic mode, after the manner of Lovecraft ... but written in a dry, ironic, at times almost whimsical idiom." A horror-themed short story titled "In the Black Mill" was published in Playboy in June 1997 and reprinted in Chabon's 1999 story collection Werewolves in Their Youth, and was attributed to Van Zorn. <mask> has created a comprehensive bibliography for Van Zorn, along with an equally fictional literary scholar devoted to his oeuvre named Leon Chaim Bach.Bach's now-defunct website (which existed under the auspices of Chabon's) declared Van Zorn to be, "without question, the greatest unknown horror writer of the twentieth century," and mentioned that Bach had once edited a collection of short stories by Van Zorn titled The Abominations of Plunkettsburg. (The name "Leon Chaim Bach" is an anagram of "<mask>," as is "Malachi B. Cohen," the name of a fictional comics expert who wrote occasional essays about the Escapist for the character's Dark Horse Comic series.) In 2004, Chabon established the August Van Zorn Prize, "awarded to the short story that most faithfully and disturbingly embodies the tradition of the weird short story as practiced by Edgar Allan Poe and his literary descendants, among them August Van Zorn." The first recipient of the prize was Jason Roberts, whose winning story, "7C," was then included in McSweeney's Enchanted Chamber of Astonishing Stories, edited by Chabon. A scene in the film adaptation of Chabon's novel The Mysteries of Pittsburgh shows two characters in a bookstore stocking August Van Zorn books. The Chabon universe

Chabon has provided several subtle hints throughout his work that the stories he tells take place in a shared fictional universe. One recurring character, who is mentioned in three of Chabon's books but never actually appears, is Eli Drinkwater, a fictional catcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates who died abruptly after crashing his car on Mt.Nebo Road. The most detailed exposition of Drinkwater's life appears in <mask>'s 1990 short story "Smoke," which is set at Drinkwater's funeral, and refers to him as "a scholarly catcher, a redoubtable batsman, and a kind, affectionate person." Drinkwater was again referred to (though not by name) in <mask>'s 1995 novel Wonder Boys, in which narrator Grady Tripp explains that his sportswriter friend Happy Blackmore was hired "to ghost the autobiography of a catcher, a rising star who played for Pittsburgh and hit the sort of home runs that linger in the memory for years." Tripp explains that Blackmore turned in an inadequate draft, his book contract was cancelled, and the catcher died shortly afterwards, "leaving nothing in Happy's notorious 'files' but the fragments and scribblings of a ghost." In <mask>'s children's book Summerland (2002), it is suggested that Blackmore was eventually able to find a publisher for the biography; the character Jennifer T. mentions that she has read a book called Eli Drinkwater: A Life in Baseball, written by Happy Blackmore. Drinkwater's name may have been selected in homage to contemporary author John Crowley, whom <mask> is on the record as admiring. Crowley's novel Little, Big featured a main character named Alice Drinkwater.There are also instances in which character surnames reappear from story to story. Cleveland Arning, a character in <mask>'s 1988 debut novel, The Mysteries of Pittsburgh, is described as having come from a wealthy family, one that might be expected to be able to endow a building. Near the end of Wonder Boys (1995), it is mentioned that, on the unnamed college campus at which Grady Tripp teaches, there is a building called Arning Hall "where the English faculty kept office hours." Similarly, in <mask>'s 1989 short story "A Model World," a character named Levine discovers, or rather plagiarizes, a formula for "nephokinesis" (or cloud control) that wins him respect and prominence in the meteorological field. In The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay (2000), a passing reference is made to the "massive Levine School of Applied Meteorology," ostensibly a building owned by New York University. Film and television work
Although <mask> once described his attitude toward Hollywood as "pre-emptive cynicism," for years the author has worked to bring both adapted and original projects to the screen. In 1994, <mask> pitched a screenplay entitled The Gentleman Host to producer Scott Rudin, a romantic comedy "about old Jewish folks on a third-rate cruise ship out of Miami."Rudin bought the project and developed it with Chabon, but it was never filmed, partly due to the release of the similarly themed film Out to Sea in 1997. In the nineties, <mask> also pitched story ideas for both the X-Men and Fantastic Four films, but was rejected. When Rudin was adapting Wonder Boys for the screen, the author declined an offer to write the screenplay, saying he was too busy writing The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay. Directed by Curtis Hanson and starring <mask>, Wonder Boys was released in 2000 to critical acclaim and financial failure. Having bought the film rights to The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, Rudin then asked <mask> to work on that film's screenplay. Although Chabon spent 16 months in 2001 and 2002 working on the novel's film adaptation, the project has been mired in pre-production for years. <mask>'s work, however, remains popular in Hollywood, with Rudin purchasing the film rights to The Yiddish Policemen's Union, then titled Hatzeplatz, in 2002, five years before the book would be published.The same year, Miramax bought the rights to Summerland and Tales of Mystery and Imagination (a planned collection of eight genre short stories that Chabon has not yet written), each of which was optioned for a sum in the mid-six figures. <mask> also wrote a draft for 2004's Spider-Man 2, about a third of which was used in the final film. Soon after Spider-Man 2 was released, director Sam Raimi mentioned that he hoped to hire <mask> to work on the film's sequel, "if I can get him," but Chabon never worked on Spider-Man 3. In October 2004, it was announced that Chabon was at work writing Disney's Snow and the Seven, a live-action martial arts retelling of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to be directed by master Hong Kong fight choreographer and director Yuen Wo Ping. In August 2006, <mask> said that he had been replaced on Snow, sarcastically explaining that the producers wanted to go in "more of a fun direction." Although Chabon was uninvolved with the project, director Rawson Marshall Thurber shot a film adaptation of The Mysteries of Pittsburgh in fall 2006. The film, which stars Sienna Miller and Peter Sarsgaard, was released in April 2008.In February 2008, Rudin reported that a film adaptation of The Yiddish Policemen's Union was in pre-production, to be written and directed by the Coen brothers. However, as of 2018, Chabon expressed skepticism that the Coens would make the film, saying that they had effectively chosen to make A Serious Man instead, and did not wish to do another film with such similar themes. In April 2009, <mask> confirmed he had been hired to do revisions to the script for Disney's John Carter. In July 2015, <mask> was hired to do revisions to the script for Disney's Bob the Musical. Chabon joined the writing team of Star Trek: Picard, a new Star Trek series starring Patrick Stewart, and was named showrunner in July 2019. In November 2018, a Star Trek: Short Treks episode co-written by Chabon, titled "Calypso", was released. Another short, written only by Chabon and titled "Q&A" was released on October 5, 2019.<mask>'s Star Trek series premiered on January 23, 2020, with <mask> referring to himself as a lifelong Star Trek fan. After the release of Season 1 of Star Trek: Picard, <mask> said in an interview with Variety in March 2020 that he would be involved with Season 2 of Picard, but as an executive producer rather than as showrunner. <mask> was also listed as co-creator of the Netflix miniseries Unbelievable, and has been working on a television adaptation of Kavalier and Clay with Ayelet Waldman since at least December 2019. In April 2021, following an article in The Hollywood Reporter which alleged numerous instances of physical and emotional abuse from Rudin towards his employees, <mask> wrote a public apology, stating that he had "regularly, even routinely" heard Rudin shout at and insult staff during their twenty years of collaboration, and had once witnessed Rudin throw a pencil at an employee's head. <mask> said, "I’m ashamed. I regret, and I want to apologize for, my part in enabling Scott Rudin’s abuse, simply by standing by, saying nothing, looking the other way." Honors

1997 International Dublin Literary Award longlist (for Wonder Boys)
1999 O. Henry Award Third Prize (for "Son of the Wolfman")
2000 National Book Critics Circle Award finalist (Fiction) (for The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay)
2001 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (for The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay)
2000 California Book Award (Fiction) (for The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay)
2001 PEN/Faulkner Award finalist (for The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay)
2002 International Dublin Literary Award longlist (for The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay)
2005 National Jewish Book Award for The Final Solution.Chabon serves up his colossal tale of darkness and light in fabulous language, as befits this modern fable.") 2017 National Book Critics Circle Award finalist (Fiction) (for Moonglow)
2017 California Book Awards Gold Prize (for Moonglow)
2018 International Dublin Literary Award longlist (for Moonglow)

Bibliography

References

Sources

Further reading
Costello, Brannon (ed.). Conversations with <mask>. University Press of Mississippi, 2015. [Collection of interviews with Chabon between 1995 and 2012]
Dewey, Joseph. Understanding <mask>. University of South Carolina Press, 2014.Gibbs, Alan. Contemporary American Trauma Narratives. Edinburgh University Press, 2014. [contains a chapter discussing trauma in relation to contemporary counterfactual history novels, discussing The Yiddish Policemen's Union alongside Philip Roth's The Plot Against America and Paul Auster's Man in the Dark]
Groß, Florian. "'To emerge from its transitional funk': The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay'''s Intermedial Dialogue with Comics and Graphic Novels." Scandinavian Journal of Comic Art, vol. 1, no.2 (Winter 2012), pp. 3–28. Huber, Irmtraud. Literature After Postmodernism: Reconstructive Fantasies. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. [contains a chapter on history as escape in relation to The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay]
Kavadlo, Jesse and Batchelor, Bob (eds.). <mask>'s America: Magical Words, Secret Worlds, and Sacred Spaces.Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. [collection of essays considering various aspects of <mask>'s body of work up to Telegraph Avenue]
 Levine, Daniel B. "Josef Kavalier's Odyssey: Homeric Echoes in <mask>'s The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay". International Journal of the Classical Tradition, vol. 17, no. 4 (December 2010), pp. 526–555.Scanlan, Margaret. "Strange Times to Be a Jew: Alternate History after 9/11" in Duvall, John and Markzec, Robert (eds.). Narrating 9/11: Fantasies of State, Security, and Terrorism . Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015. [contains discussion of The Yiddish Policemen's Union]

 External links

 The Amazing Website of Kavalier & Clay, an unofficial but thorough site recommended by Chabon

 Stories and essays by Chabon at The New Yorker''

1963 births
Living people
American alternate history writers
20th-century American novelists
American science fiction writers
21st-century American short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
MacDowell Colony fellows
Hugo Award-winning writers
Nebula Award winners
Writers from Berkeley, California
People from Columbia, Maryland
Postmodern writers
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners
Sidewise Award winners
University of California, Irvine alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
Writers from Pittsburgh
Jewish American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American male short story writers
PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction winners
Novelists from Pennsylvania
Science fiction fans
The New Yorker people
Weird fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American

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<mask> "<mask>" Huijzer OON (; born 23 March 1946), better known by his stage name <mask>, is a Dutch singer with international success. He remains as one of the best-selling artists of the Netherlands and holds the record for the most concerts performed by a single artist at the Rotterdam Ahoy, making him one of the most successful Dutch artists of all time. <mask>' performing range has included pop, show tunes, country, soul and gospel. He was discovered in 1975 as "The Singing Crane Mechanic", while laboring as a dockworker in Rotterdam. His music has charted in the Netherlands' music charts successfully from the early 1970s up until the present day. He is well known in the Netherlands for bringing large theatrical performances to his fans in the style of Las Vegas shows. He holds a record in the Netherlands for performing the most concerts for a single artist at one single venue.Since the 1980s, <mask> has held 50 gala performances at Rotterdam Ahoy, a multi-purpose arena, which now hosts a bronze bust of him at the entrance. <mask> was initially part of the show orchestra Len Hauser & the Drifting Five and broke through in 1975 when he was presented by Willem Duys as the singing crane operator from Rotterdam (however he worked as a maintenance bank worker at the Boele shipyard in Bolnes). He recorded his first single, "Louisa", under the name <mask> Huizer. Later, around 1971, there was the Dutch single "Nina Nina Nina", which he released under the name Len Hauser. Willem Duys released the first single performed under the name <mask> on the radio program "Music Mosaic"; the song was "It's Raining in My Heart", composed by the lead singer of the Outsiders, Wally Tax. "It's Raining in My Heart" made it to the charts. The next single, "You'll Never Walk Alone" (released as "You Never Walk Alone"), became <mask>' biggest hit and was in the top 10 for weeks.<mask> gave his first major concert in De Doelen in Rotterdam in 1980, a unique achievement for the time. In 1981, a concert followed in a sold out venue. He then took the step to Ahoy in 1984 where he produced a sold out show twice. In later years, many concerts and shows followed in Ahoy, where he also sang duets with Anita Meyer and others. In 2003, <mask> starred in the Dutch youth film Sinterklaas and the Danger in the Valley, directed by Martijn van Nellestijn. <mask> is known as a great Feyenoord supporter. His songs "Mijn Feyenoord" and "You Never Walk Alone" are played a lot in De Kuip and have become real club songs.If Feyenoord will win an important prize, <mask> will sing "You Never Walk Alone" during the ceremony on the Coolsingel. His best-known hits are "You'll Never Walk Alone" (which is also a favourite on the terraces of Feyenoord's De Kuip), "Olympic Games" (which he recorded for the Let the Games Begin LP which was to coincide with the 1992 Summer Olympics) and "I Can See Clearly Now". On 1 November 2011, <mask> returned to Ahoy for "One Night Only", a special concert commemorating his 35 years in the entertainment business, as well as his 51st Vegas-style concert in the venue, in front of 12,000 fans. <mask> had performed in many places around the world over his 40 years. On January 27, 2013, the documentary <mask>: The Voice of Rotterdam premiered during the Rotterdam Film Festival. Filmmaker Hans Heijnen followed <mask> for the project with the camera for a year. <mask> with Glennis Grace, are the only ones who have performed at three different Toppers in Concert editions (2007, 2014 and 2016).At the end of 2016, De Toppers released the Christmas single, "A Very Happy Christmas". <mask> played an extra role in the accompanying video clip. In 2018, he participated in the television program Best Singers. He performed a cover of "What About Us" by Pink and recorded it as a single soon after. Awards
The city of Rotterdam awarded him the Erasmus pin in 1990 and the Wolfert van Borselen medal in 2000. In 2006, he was awarded a Society Award along with Bridget Maasland. He was awarded the title "Ambassador of Rotterdam Port" as well as becoming "Ambassador for Feyenoord Football Club 2005".He has received many other awards for his charity work and music achievements. In 2017, he received the Edison Oeuvre Prize for his enormous oeuvre and extraordinary achievements in Dutch music. On November 13, 2019, Towers opened the residential towers in Rotterdam named after him. "South Mountain"
|-
|align="left"|Het mooiste & het beste||2000||19-02-2000||97||1|| Verzamelalbum
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|align="left"|Members Only||2000||28-10-2000||31||10||
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|align="left"|The Jubilee Collection||2011||05-11-2011||21||1|| Verzamelalbum
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|align="left"|Top 100||16-12-2011||24-12-2011||92||1|| met Anita Meyer / Verzamelalbum
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|align="left"|Memories||2012||-||-||-||
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|align="left"|Sweet Memories||2013||20-04-2013||8||2||
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Live albums
<mask> Towers in Concert (1983)
Gala of the Year (1984)
Live at Ahoy (1987)
Gala of the Year - Live with Guests (1990)

Compilation albums
The Best of <mask> Towers (1979)
Simply the Best (1980)
One Hour of Golden Songs (1984)
Greatest Hits (1986)
The Story of Lee Towers (1987)

Singles

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|align="left"|It's raining in my heart||1976||10-01-1976||24||7|| No. 14 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|You never walk alone||1976||26-06-1976||5||7|| No. 1 in the Single Top 100 / Alarmschijf
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|align="left"|Everyday||1976||09-10-1976||top 20||-||
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|align="left"|Frankie||1978||24-06-1978||18||5|| No. 23 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Song of joy||1979||-|||||| No.41 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Bless you||1979||26-05-1979||30||5|| No. 22 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Happy birthday baby||<24-12-1979||17-05-1980||30||5|| No. 38 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Love potion number nine||1981||31-10-1981||23||6||| No. 30 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|I can see clearly now||1982||09-10-1982||10||7|| No. 19 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Love is all||1982||11-12-1982||top 7||-|| No. 43 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|I believe in music||1983||24-09-1983||tip6||-|| No. 40 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|If you know what I mean||1984||07-01-1984||tip14||-||
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|align="left"|Let's get the world singing again||1984||06-10-1984||tip17||-||
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|align="left"|Run to me||1986||11-01-1986||9||8|| met Anita Meyer /No.3 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|We've got tonight||1986||19-04-1986||31||3|| met Anita Meyer /No. 35 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Golden lady||1986||22-11-1986||tip17||-||
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|align="left"|Highway to freedom||1988||17-09-1988||tip13||-|| No. 79 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Lady||1990||21-04-1990||tip11||-|| No. 58 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Ik wou dat ik voor één keertje in m'n leven||1992||07-03-1992||22||6|| met Bart de Graaff /No. 22 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|The drinking song||1995||02-12-1995||tip13||-||
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|align="left"|I can see clearly now - Walking on sunshine||1997||28-06-1997||28||3|| met Exposure /No. 44 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Mijn Feyenoord||1998||26-12-1998||top 2||-|| No. 40 in the Single Top 100
|-
|align="left"|Feyenoord voor altijd||2008||-|||||| No.22 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Wereldwijd orkest||2011||03-12-2011||12||4|| Als onderdeel van Diverse artiesten /met Het Metropole Orkest & Vince Mendoza / No. 1 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Ga door||2012||-|||||| met Johnny Gold /No. 67 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Koningslied||19-04-2013||27-04-2013||2||4|| als onderdeel van Nationaal Comité Inhuldiging /No. 1 in the Single Top 100
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|align="left"|Kerstmis vier je samen||2014||13-12-2014||tip25||-|| als onderdeel van Eenmaal Voor Allen /No. 68 in the Single Top 100
|}

DVDs

References

External links

1946 births
Dutch male singers
Living people
People from Ridderkerk

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<mask> ( ; December 12, 1924February 1, 2013) was an American politician, lawyer, political commentator, film critic, and television personality. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1969 to 1977 and was mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989. <mask> was a lifelong Democrat who described himself as a "liberal with sanity". The author of an ambitious public housing renewal program in his later years as mayor, he began by cutting spending and taxes and cutting 7,000 employees from the city payroll. As a congressman and after his terms as mayor, <mask> was a fervent supporter of Israel. He crossed party lines to endorse Rudy Giuliani for mayor of New York City in 1993, Michael Bloomberg for mayor of New York City in 2001, and George W. Bush for president in 2004. A popular figure, <mask> rode the New York City Subway and stood at street corners greeting passersby with the slogan "How'm I doin'?"A lifelong bachelor with no children, <mask> rebuffed speculation about his sexual orientation and refused to publicly discuss his romantic relationships. After his retirement from politics, he declared that he was heterosexual. <mask> was first elected mayor of New York City in 1977, and he won reelection in 1981 with 75% of the vote. He was the first New York City mayor to win endorsement on both the Democratic and Republican party tickets. In 1985, <mask> was elected to a third term with 78% of the vote. His third term was fraught with scandal regarding political associates (although the scandal never touched him personally) and with racial tensions, including the killings of Michael Griffith and Yusuf Hawkins. In a close race, <mask> lost the 1989 Democratic primary to his successor, David Dinkins.Early life
<mask> was born in Crotona Park East section of The Bronx borough of New York City, the son of Yetta (or Joyce, née Silpe) and Louis (Leib<mask>, Polish-Jewish immigrants from Kozliv and Uścieczko in Eastern Galicia. He came from a family of Conservative Jews who resided in Newark, New Jersey, where his father worked at a theater. As a child, he worked as a hatcheck boy in a Newark dance hall. He graduated from South Side High School in Newark in 1941. In 1943 he was drafted into the United States Army, where he served as an infantryman with the 104th Infantry Division, landing in Cherbourg, France, in September 1944. He earned a European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with two campaign stars, a World War II Victory Medal, and the Combat Infantryman Badge for service in the European Theater of Operations. After V-E Day, because he could speak German, <mask> was sent to Bavaria to help remove Nazi public officials from their jobs and find non-Nazis to take their place.He was honorably discharged with the rank of Sergeant in 1946. <mask> returned to New York City to attend City College of New York, graduating in 1945, and New York University School of Law, receiving his law degree in 1948. <mask> was a sole practitioner from 1949 to 1964, and a partner with Koch, Lankenau, Schwartz & Kovner from 1965 to 1968. A Democrat, he became active in New York City politics as a reformer and opponent of Carmine DeSapio and Tammany Hall. In 1962 <mask> ran for office for the first time, unsuccessfully opposing incumbent William Passannante, a DeSapio ally, for the Democratic nomination for the State Assembly. In 1963, <mask> defeated DeSapio for the position of Democratic Party leader for the district which included Greenwich Village, and <mask> won again in a 1965 rematch. <mask> served on the New York City Council from 1967 to 1969.Career

Elections
1968

<mask> ran for Congress in New York's 17th congressional district after Republican Theodore Roosevelt Kupferman retired. He defeated Republican Whitney Seymour Jr. and Conservative Richard J. Callahan, who partly split the conservative vote. He won 48.5% of the vote to Seymour's 45.6% and Callahan's 5.9%. 1970

<mask> was reelected with 62% of the vote, defeating Republican Peter J. Sprague and Conservative Callahan who finished with 32% and 6%, respectively. 1972

In advance of the 1972 elections, <mask>'s district was redistricted into the 18th district. He defeated Republican Jane Pickens Langley and Socialist Workers nominee Rebecca Finch, 70%-29%-1%. 1973

<mask> briefly ran for mayor in 1973, but garnered little support and dropped out before the Democratic primary.He threw his support to State Assemblyman Albert H. Blumenthal, but Blumenthal's bid was derailed by a scandal and he came in third. Comptroller Abraham Beame won the election. 1974

<mask> won reelection (with career-best 76.7% of the vote) to the 18th district against John Boogaerts Jr. (Republican, 18.8%), Gilliam M. Drummond (Conservative, 3.7%), and Katherine Sojourner (Socialist Workers, 0.8%). 1976

<mask> was again reelected, this time with 75.7% of the vote, defeating Sonia Landau (Republican, 20.1%), and James W. McConnell (Conservative, 4.3%). 1977

<mask> announced his campaign for mayor of New York City against incumbent Beame. <mask> and future governor Mario Cuomo finished first (19.8%) and second (18.7%) in the Democratic primary, eliminating Beame (18%). In the runoff, <mask> defeated Cuomo, 55%-45%.<mask> ran to the right of the other candidates on a "law and order" platform. According to historian Jonathan Mahler, the New York City blackout of July 1977 and the subsequent rioting helped catapult <mask> and his message of restoring public safety to front-runner status. 1981

<mask> won both the Democratic and Republican nominations and appeared on the ballot with both of their lines. He faced opposition only from third parties. He won 74.6% of the vote, with Unity candidate Frank Barbaro netting next-best 13.3%. John A. Esposito (Conservative) and Mary T. Codd (Liberal) also ran. <mask> swept all five boroughs by landslide margins, breaking 60% of the vote in Manhattan and 70% in Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens and Staten Island.1982

After incumbent Hugh Carey announced he would not run for reelection, <mask> announced his candidacy for governor of New York. Cuomo, who had been elected lieutenant governor, also ran. <mask> received the party's endorsement with 61% of the convention vote, but Cuomo won the Democratic primary. The New York Times called Cuomo's victory a "stunning upset" that relied on "an unusual coalition of liberal Democrats, labor, minorities and upstaters." <mask> ran strongly in Jewish communities, while Cuomo won black, liberal, and Italian communities by a similar margin. A key to Cuomo's victory was his strong showing in New York City itself; though <mask> won the city and its four suburban counties (Rockland, Westchester, Suffolk, and Nassau) as expected, Cuomo kept the margin close and won half of the city's Assembly districts. That, combined with large victories in nearly every upstate county, allowed Cuomo to win.<mask> endorsed Cuomo immediately, declaring "what's important to all of us is that we keep a Democrat in Albany." Many say the deciding factor in <mask>'s loss was an interview with Playboy magazine in which he called the lifestyle of suburbia and upstate New York "sterile" and lamented the thought of having to live in "the small town" of Albany as governor. <mask>'s remarks are thought to have alienated many voters from outside New York City. Cuomo was elected governor over Republican Lewis Lehrman, and served three terms. 1985

<mask> was reelected to a third term in a landslide. He defeated Carol Bellamy (Liberal) and Dian McGrath (Republican/Conservative), 78%-10%-9%, respectively, and was sworn into his third and final term in January 1986. As of 2021, this is the most recent mayoral election in which a Democrat carried Staten Island.During the campaign, <mask> visited the late Lubavitcher Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, seeking his blessing and endorsement. 1989

<mask> ran for an unprecedented fourth term in 1989. No mayor had ever won a fourth term, though Fiorello La Guardia and Robert Wagner also served three terms, and Wagner attempted to run for a fourth in 1969. <mask> lost the Democratic primary to Manhattan Borough President David Dinkins, who finished with 547,901 votes to <mask>'s 456,313. Dinkins was helped in part by large margins in Manhattan, the Bronx, and Brooklyn, while <mask> carried Staten Island and Queens. Dinkins defeated Rudy Giuliani in the general election by a narrow margin, with Giuliani carrying both counties <mask> won in the primary. Giuliani won a rematch against Dinkins in 1993.U.S. Congressional tenure

<mask> was the Democratic U.S. Representative from New York's 17th congressional district from January 3, 1969, until January 3, 1973, when, after a redistricting, he represented New York's 18th congressional district until December 31, 1977, when he resigned to become Mayor of New York City. <mask> said he began his political career as "just a plain liberal", with positions including opposing the Vietnam War and marching in the South for civil rights. In April 1973, <mask> coined the term "Watergate Seven" when, in response to U.S. Senator Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.'s indicating that one of the men in Watergate scandal had been ordered in the spring of 1972 to keep certain senators and representatives under surveillance, he posted a sign on his office door reading, "These premises were surveilled by the Watergate Seven. Watch yourself". At about the same time, <mask> began his rightward shift toward being a "liberal with sanity" after reviewing the 1973 controversy around then-New York City Mayor John Lindsay's attempt to place a 3,000-person housing project in a middle-class community in Forest Hills, Queens. <mask> met with residents of the community, most of whom were against the proposal.He was convinced by their arguments, and spoke out against the plan, shocking some of his liberal allies. <mask> was active in advocating for a greater U.S. role in advancing human rights within the context of fighting Communism. He had particular influence in the foreign aid budget, as he sat on the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations. In 1976, <mask> proposed that the U.S. cut off military aid and supplies to the military dictatorship of Uruguay. In mid-July 1976, the CIA learned that two high-level Uruguayan intelligence officers had discussed a possible assassination attempt on <mask> by Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), the Chilean secret police under dictator Augusto Pinochet. The CIA did not regard these threats as credible until after the September 1976 assassination of Orlando Letelier in Washington, D.C., by DINA agents coordinated by Operation Condor. After that, Director of Central Intelligence George H.W.Bush informed <mask> of the threat. <mask> subsequently asked both the CIA and the FBI for protection, but none was extended. Tenure as mayor of New York City

First term

When <mask> took office, the city was reeling from high crime, a devastating blackout, and a fiscal crisis. During his first term, which many considered his best, he instituted austerity measures and moderated the municipal unions, measures that helped bolster the city’s finances during his second term. During his first term, a number of major events occurred in New York City. John Lennon's abrupt assassination sent shock waves around the world. Grief-stricken New Yorkers walked the streets openly crying for days after the shooting, which took place in front of Lennon’s place of residence, The Dakota, on Manhattan’s Upper West Side.<mask> also dealt with the second transit strike, and pushed for the 1980 Democratic National Convention to be in NYC. His first term also saw a sister city relationship begin with Beijing. Second term

Among the events of <mask>'s second term as mayor were the Brooklyn Bridge's 100th anniversary, the appointing of Benjamin Ward as the city's first ever African American police commissioner in 1983, the emergence of AIDS as a public health crisis, extensive media coverage of Bernhard Goetz's shooting of four African-American teenagers in the subway in 1984, and the United Nations' 40th anniversary. <mask> often deviated from the conventional liberal line, strongly supporting the death penalty, adding 3,500 officers to the NYPD in the 1980s, and taking a hard line on "quality of life" issues, such as giving police broader powers in dealing with the homeless and signing legislation banning the playing of radios on subways and buses. These positions prompted harsh criticism from the local chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union and many African-American leaders, particularly Reverend Al Sharpton. In 1984, <mask> published his first memoir, Mayor, which became a best-seller and was adapted into an off-Broadway and later Broadway musical, Mayor. Third term
In 1986, <mask> signed a lesbian and gay rights ordinance for the city after the City Council passed the measure (on March 20), after 15 years of failed attempts by that body to approve such legislation.Despite his overall pro-lesbian and pro-gay-rights stance, he nonetheless backed up the New York City Health Department's decision to shut down the city's gay bathhouses in 1985 in response to concerns over the spread of AIDS. The enactment of the measure the next year placed the city in a dilemma, as it apparently meant that the bathhouses would have to be reopened because many heterosexual "sex clubs"most notably Plato's Retreatwere in operation in the city at the time, and allowing them to remain open while keeping the bathhouses shuttered would have been a violation of the newly adopted anti-discrimination law. The Health Department, with Koch's approval, reacted by ordering the heterosexual clubs, including Plato's Retreat, to close as well. Also in 1986, <mask> participated in Hands Across America and in the Statue of Liberty's 100th anniversary celebration. The career-ending face-slashing of model Marla Hanson, the paralyzing shooting of NYCPD detective Steven McDonald, crack cocaine and its related gangs, the Robert Chambers "preppie murder" case, the Howard Beach incident, and the racially motivated murder of Yusef Hawkins also happened during <mask>'s third term. <mask> consistently demonstrated a fierce love for New York City, which some observers felt he carried to extremes on occasion: in 1984 he went on record as opposing the creation of a second telephone area code for the city, claiming that this would divide the city's population; and when the National Football League's New York Giants won Super Bowl XXI in January 1987, he refused to grant a permit for the team to hold their traditional victory parade in the city, quipping famously, "If they want a parade, let them parade in front of the oil drums in Moonachie" (a town in New Jersey adjacent to the East Rutherford site of the Meadowlands Sports Complex, where the Giants play their home games). In his third term, <mask>'s popularity was shaken after a series of corruption scandals, touched off by Donald Manes's suicide and the PVB scandal, which revealed that he had acceded to the requests of political allies (most notably Queens Borough President Manes, Bronx Democratic Party official Stanley M. Friedman and Brooklyn Democratic Party chairman Meade Esposito, an American Mafia associate long perceived as New York City's preeminent political leader) to stack city agencies with patronage

masks:
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 appointments.There were no allegations that <mask> obtained any financial benefit from the corruption, but the scandals undermined <mask>'s claims that he ran a patronage-free municipal government. Michael Tager attributes the scandals not to <mask>'s failures but to the steadily declining power of the Democratic machine and its bosses' desperate efforts to reverse the collapse. <mask> suffered a stroke in 1987, but recovered and was able to continue his duties. In July 1987, <mask> proposed banning bicycling on Fifth, Park and Madison Avenues during weekdays, but many bicyclists protested and had the ban overturned. It has been said that race relations in <mask>'s last years in office were poor. He became a controversial figure in the 1988 presidential campaign with his public criticism of Democratic candidate Jesse Jackson, who surprised many political observers by winning key primaries in March and running even with the front-runner, Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. As the April New York primary approached, <mask> reminded voters of Jackson's earlier anti-Semitic statements, and said that Jews would be "crazy" to vote for Jackson.<mask> endorsed Tennessee Senator Al Gore, who had run well in his native South, but hadn't won 20% in a northern state. As <mask>'s anti-Jackson rhetoric intensified, Gore seemed to shy away from <mask>. On primary day, Gore finished a weak third place with 10% of the vote and dropped out of the race. Jackson ran ten points behind Dukakis, whose nomination became assured after his New York win. Post-mayoral years

In the years following his mayoralty, <mask> became a partner in the law firm of Robinson, Silverman, Pearce, Aronsohn, and Berman LLP (now Bryan Cave LLP) and a commentator on politics, as well as reviewing movies and restaurants for newspapers, radio and television. He also became an adjunct professor at New York University (NYU) and the judge on The People's Court for two years (1997–99) following the retirement of Judge Joseph Wapner. In 1999, he was a visiting professor at Brandeis University.<mask> regularly appeared on the lecture circuit, and had a high-rated talk show on WABC radio. He also hosted his own online movie review show, The Mayor at the Movies. On August 12, 1993, a street in southern Tel Aviv was named after <mask> in a ceremony attended by him alongside prominent Israeli and American dignitaries. In 2004, together with his sister Pat (also Pauline) <mask>r, <mask> wrote a children's book, <mask>, Harold's Little Brother; it tells the story of <mask>'s childhood, when he tried unsuccessfully to emulate his older brother Harold's baseball talents, before realizing that he should instead focus on what he was already good at, which was telling stories and speaking in public. On March 23, 2011, the New York City Council voted to rename the Queensboro Bridge the Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge. Later, city councilman Peter Vallone (D-Queens) introduced legislation banning the naming of New York City property after people who are still alive, but the legislation failed. <mask> formed an organization called New York Uprising to push for statewide redistricting reform.In April 2011, he publicly upbraided 42 state legislators he claimed had broken their promises to support redistricting reform. In May 2011, <mask> sat for a portrait by Dmitry Borshch that has been exhibited at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DePaul University, Brecht Forum, and CUNY Graduate Center, and is included in the Catalog of American Portraits at the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery. "Mayor at the Movies"
In the summer of 2009, <mask> began appearing in weekly movie review segments for an online show, Mayor at the Movies. He was an avid moviegoer who often saw two or three movies a weekend. Although he was invited to private screenings, <mask> preferred to see films with a public audience and was often approached by moviegoers who were surprised to find him there. His reviews were outspoken and wry, with his rating system consisting not of stars but of a "plus" for a good film or a "minus" for a bad one. He sought out great documentaries, and had a particular passion for anything of Jewish interest.He had a particular passion for independent cinema and documentaries, but enjoyed dramas and action films as well. In addition to Mayor at the Movies, his film reviews were regularly featured on The Huffington Post and in the New York newspaper The Villager. <mask> also appeared in more than 60 Hollywood films and television shows as himself, including Sex and the City, Spin City, and Double Rush, and also hosted Saturday Night Live. A documentary about his life, <mask>, had its world premiere at the Hamptons International Film Festival on October 8, 2012, and was released theatrically on February 1, 2013 (coincidentally, the day of <mask>'s death). Political endorsements
After leaving office, <mask> frequently endorsed prominent Republican candidates, including Rudy Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg for mayor, Al D'Amato for U.S. Senate, Peter T. King for U.S. House, George Pataki for governor, and, in 2004, George W. Bush for president. <mask> also endorsed Democrats, including Eliot Spitzer for governor in the 2006 election. He endorsed Bill Bradley for president in 2000.<mask> took back his endorsement of Spitzer in the aftermath of the governor's prostitution scandal. He said, "At the time the prostitution episode emerged, I commented that nothing could explain his behavior other than the fact that he had a screw loose in his head. Probably several." Though <mask> supported Giuliani's first mayoral bid, he became opposed to him in January 1996, and began writing a series of columns in the New York Daily News criticizing Giuliani, most frequently accusing him of being authoritarian and insensitive. In 1999, the columns were compiled into the book Giuliani: Nasty Man. He resumed his attacks, and had the book republished, in 2007, after Giuliani announced his candidacy for president. In May 2007, <mask> called Giuliani "a control freak" and said that "he wouldn't meet with people he didn't agree with.That's pretty crazy." He also said that Giuliani "was imbued with the thought that if he was right, it was like a God-given right. That's not what we need in a president." <mask> originally endorsed Hillary Clinton for president during the 2008 campaign, then endorsed Democratic nominee Barack Obama in the general election. In his endorsement of Obama, <mask> wrote that he felt that (unlike in 2004) both candidates would do their best to protect both the United States and Israel from terrorist attacks, but that he agreed with Obama's domestic policies much more and that the idea of Republican vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin ascending to the presidency "would scare me". In 2010 he rescinded his support for Obama, saying that Obama could very well harm American–Israeli relations. In 2011, <mask> endorsed Republican Bob Turner for Congress, because <mask> "wanted to send a message to Obama to take a stronger position in support of Israel."In October 2012, <mask> told Al Sharpton that after a conversation with Obama about his position on Israel he was satisfied, and endorsed his reelection. Early in 2013, <mask> endorsed Christine Quinn in the Democratic primary for that year's mayoral election. Other political statements
<mask> often wrote in defense of Israel and against anti-Semitism. He also appeared in the documentary FahrenHYPE 9/11 defending President Bush and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and blasting Michael Moore. <mask> was quoted in the film saying of Moore's film Fahrenheit 9/11, "It's not a documentary, it's a lie." <mask> praised New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, saying that he had the right approach in reducing government spending and refraining from raising taxes. <mask> was an early supporter of the Iraq War.In July 2007, <mask> wrote that he was "bailing out" of his previous support for that war, due to the failure of the United States' NATO allies, and other Arab countries, to contribute to the war effort. <mask> wrote, "I would support our troops remaining in Iraq if our allies were to join us. But they have made it clear they will not." He added that the U.S. must still "prepare for the battles that will take place on American soil by the Islamic forces of terror who are engaged in a war that will be waged by them against Western civilization for at least the next 30 years." On April 8, 2010, <mask> wrote a piece in The Jerusalem Post excoriating what he saw as increasing anti-Catholicism in the media, largely made evident by coverage of the priest sex abuse scandals. While denouncing the abuse, <mask> wrote, "the procession of articles on the same events are, in my opinion, no longer intended to inform, but simply to castigate." He also wrote that he believed that many in the media, some themselves Catholic, exhibited such anti-Catholicism largely because of their opposition to the Catholic Church's teachings on such issues as abortion, homosexuality, and artificial contraception.He stated that, while he opposed the Church's teaching in all these matters, he firmly believed that the Church had the right to espouse these beliefs and to expect its members to espouse them as well, calling the Church "a force for good in the world, not evil." Personal life
<mask> was a lifelong bachelor, and his sexual orientation became an issue in the 1977 mayoral election with the appearance of placards and posters (disavowed by the Cuomo campaign) with the slogan "Vote for Cuomo, Not the Homo." <mask> denounced the attack. In 1989, <mask> was interviewed about a book he had coauthored with Cardinal John J. O'Connor. When the interviewer asked <mask> to clarify his views on homosexuality relative to O'Connor, <mask> responded, "I happen to believe that there's nothing wrong with homosexuality. It's whatever God made you. It happens that I'm a heterosexual."He once told New York magazine, "Listen, there's no question that some New Yorkers think I'm gay, and voted for me nevertheless. The vast majority don't care, and others don't think I am. And I don't give a shit either way!" He was frequently accompanied at political functions by his friend Bess Myerson, whose presence was regarded by some observers as an effort to defuse rumors of his alleged homosexuality. Death and funeral

<mask> died of heart failure on February 1, 2013. He was a resident of Greenwich Village for most of his adult life; at the time of his death, he lived at 2 Fifth Avenue, overlooking Washington Square Park. His funeral took place on February 4, 2013, at Temple Emanu-El, a Reform Jewish congregation in Manhattan.Because of <mask>'s fierce loyalty to Israel, the Israeli Consul-General to New York City spoke. Former president Bill Clinton also addressed the congregation, serving as President Obama's representative. New York City Police Department helicopters gave a fly-over at the service. In April 2008, <mask> had purchased a burial plot in Trinity Church Cemetery so that he could be buried in Manhattan. It is the only graveyard in the borough that is accepting new burials. He chose to put the last words of the late journalist Daniel Pearl on his tombstone: "My father is Jewish, my mother is Jewish, I am Jewish." Wit
A practiced public speaker since his days stumping for Adlai Stevenson, <mask> was well known for his quips and one-liners.A few include:

(On the occasion of his primary loss to David Dinkins) "The people have spoken...and they must be punished." "I'm the sort of person who will never get ulcers. Why? Because I say exactly what I think. I'm the sort of person who might give other people ulcers." "If you agree with me on nine out of 12 issues, vote for me. If you agree with me on 12 out of 12 issues, see a psychiatrist."Works
 <mask>, <mask>. (1980). The Mandate Millstone. US Conference of Mayors. .

See also
 List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
 List of mayors of New York City
 Timeline of New York City, 1970s–1980s

References

Notes

Primary sources
 <mask>, <mask>, and Daniel Paisner. <mask>: an autobiography (St. Martin's Press, 1992). <mask>, <mask>. The <mask> Papers: My Fight Against Anti-Semitism (Macmillan, 2008).Further reading
 Goodwin, Michael, ed. New York Comes Back: The Mayoralty of <mask><mask>, powerHouse Books, 2005. .
 Harrington, Michael. "When <mask> Was Still a Liberal". Dissent (1987): 595–602. online
 Mollenkopf, John H. A Phoenix in the Ashes: The Rise and Fall of the <mask> Coalition in New York City Politics. Princeton University Press, 1994. Newfield, Jack and Barrett, Wayne.City For Sale: <mask> and the Betrayal of New York, London: HarperCollins, 1989. .
 Soffer, Jonathan. <mask> and the Rebuilding of New York City (Columbia University Press; 2010) 494 pages. Thompson, J. Phillip. "David Dinkins' victory in New York City: The decline of the Democratic Party organization and the strengthening of black politics." PS: Political Science & Politics (1990) 23#2 pp. 145–148. Paterson, David "Black, Blind, & In Charge: A Story of Visionary Leadership and Overcoming Adversity."Skyhorse Publishing. New York, New York, 2020

External links

Interviews
 Voices on Antisemitism Interview with <mask> from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

 The Trust Is Gone Opinion piece by <mask>, critical of current administration's relationship with Israel
 Interview with <mask>: On the 1988 Tompkins Square Park Riots
 Oral history interview with <mask> (2008) from Justice in New York: An Oral History (full transcript and audio clips)

News collections

 Podcasts of <mask> commentaries at Bloomberg.com

Archives
 <mask><mask> Collection  of La Guardia and Wagner Archives – <mask>'s mayoral records as well as personal papers and photographs
 Notable New Yorkers – <mask>. <mask> Biography, photographs, and interviews of <mask> from the Notable New Yorkers collection of the Oral History Research Office at Columbia University. <mask> Threatened with Assassination in 1976 from the National Security Archive (with archival documents)
 FBI Records: The Vault – <mask> "<mask>" <mask> at fbi.gov

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1924 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American writers
21st-century American writers
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Burials at Trinity Church Cemetery
Deaths from heart disease
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Jewish American attorneys
Jewish American military personnel
Jewish American people in New York (state) politics
Jewish mayors of places in the United States
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
Jews and Judaism in New York City
Lawyers from Newark, New Jersey
Malcolm X Shabazz High School alumni
Mayors of New York City
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
New York (state) Democrats
New York (state) lawyers
New York City Council members
New York Press people
New York University School of Law alumni
New York University faculty
Operation Condor
People from Greenwich Village
People of Galician-Jewish descent
Politicians from Newark, New Jersey
Politicians from the Bronx
Recycling in New York City
Television judges
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army non-commissioned officers
Writers from Manhattan
Writers

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<mask> (1930–1991) was an American-born figurative artist who worked for thirty years in Nova Scotia, Canada. Biography

<mask> was born on September 5, 1930, in Depression-era Superior, Wisconsin. Her father, <mask>, was a Swedish-American Lutheran pastor who built the family home and three churches with his own hands. Her mother, Hazel, from an English tradition, did exquisite needlework, had an M.A. in Home Economics, and supported the family after Rev. <mask> died of cancer in 1945. <mask> attended Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota, graduating in 1951 with a major in chemistry and biology and a minor in art and literature.After a year as a research chemist at Archer Daniels Midland in St. Paul, she audited theology lectures at the University of Göttingen, Germany (1952–53), and then worked for a year as a nurse's aide in the cancer recovery ward at the University Hospital in Minneapolis. During this time she took extension classes and earned enough credits to be accepted into the Master of Fine Arts program at the University of Minnesota, from which she graduated in 1959 with a minor in Philosophy and a 125-page thesis on "The Human Image in Contemporary Painting". She was Lorenz Eitner's course assistant and took classes from Malcolm Myers, John Hospers, and Allen Tate, among others. Van Gogh and Käthe Kollwitz were particular heroes of hers. She exhibited widely in the Twin Cities. She married Ph.D. student <mask> in 1956 and, in 1961, when he accepted a job in the Dalhousie University English Department, moved with him to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where she was to spend the rest of her life, with time in Provence and Mexico. In 1977 she developed asthma and hyper-allergic sensitivities because of urea formaldehyde foam insulation.Her career as an artist spanned more than thirty years. During this time she produced a large body of figurative work using a variety of media. In the later 1960s she moved away from a modified Expressionism to a hard-edged organicism with ongoing ecological themes. In the 1980s she did a series of over a hundred strong-hued symbolical watercolours. She was an avid gardener. From 1964 to 1969 she taught drawing part-time at the School of Architecture at the Technical University of Nova Scotia. During the Seventies she curated a show of Expressionist prints and was Acting Director of the Dalhousie University Art Gallery for a year, curating the  Fourth Dalhousie Drawing Exhibition in 1979.She also did free-lance public lecturing and in the Eighties did some art-reviewing for ArtsAtlantic. She believed in clarity in art-discourse, and practiced it herself. She died at her home in Halifax on April 3, 1991, of cancer of the lungs. A Frida Kahlo calendar was on the wall beside her bed. Publications by the artist

 The Expressionist Image, exhibition catalogue with introductory essay and descriptive commentary, Mount Saint Vincent Art Gallery, 1978. The 4th Dalhousie Drawing Exhibition, catalogue,  Dalhousie Art Gallery, 1979. “Kokoschka; Knight-Errant of 20th-Century Painting,” memorial lecture, Dalhousie University Art Gallery, 1980.; printed in Article, Eye Level Gallery (Halifax), May 1980.“Tim Zuck—Paintings,” (exhibition review), ArtsAtlantic, 11, Spring 1981. “Actual Size—The Seventh Dalhousie Drawing Exhibition,” (review article), ArtsAtlantic, 20, Summer 1984. "Rockwell Kent: The Newfoundland Work," (review article), ArtsAtlantic, no. 29, Summer/Fall 1987. Awards

Elected to the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, 1976. Included in Who's Who in American Art, 1977. Included in Dictionary of International Biography, 1979.Solo Exhibitions

 Penthouse Gallery, Montreal, 1964
 APAC Travelling Exhibition 1965–7
 Wells Gallery, Ottawa, 1967
 '<mask>; Paintings and Drawings, 1967-1977', travelling exhibition, Dalhousie University, 1977-78. Dalhousie University Art Gallery; Beaverbrook Art Gallery; Confederation Centre Art Gallery; Memorial Art Gallery; Burnaby Art Gallery; Southern Alberta University Art Gallery; Robert McLaughlin Art Gallery; Musée de Quebec. Dresden Galleries, Halifax, 1983
 Studio 21, Halifax, 1985–7–8–90
 'Drawings by <mask>', Beaverbrook Art Gallery, 1987-88. Beaverbrook Art Gallery; Saint Mary's University Art Gallery; Confederation Centre Art Gallery; Memorial University Art Gallery; London Regional Art Gallery; Robert McLaughlin Art Gallery. 'A Visionary Gaze; In Memoriam <mask>orn <mask>', Saint Mary's University Art Gallery, 1993–94
Saint Mary's University Art Gallery, Beaverbrook Art Gallery
 '<mask>orn <mask>: Unfinished Business', Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, 2001

Group Exhibitions

 American Federation of Art Traveling International  Exhibition, 1955–58
 University of Minnesota Gallery, Minneapolis, 1956–7–8–9–60
 Walker Art Center Biennials 1956, 1958 (first prize and purchase award, 1958). UNESCO International Travelling Show, 1958-59. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Spring Biennial (first prize painting), 1959.'Sixteen Minnesota Artists', Walker Art Center (purchase award), 1960
 National Gallery of Canada Biennials, Ottawa, 1962–3–4. 'Canadian Watercolours, Drawings and Prints', National Gallery, 1964
 Atlantic Pavilion, Expo '67, Montreal, 1967
 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Spring Show, 1968. New Talent Festival, Midtown Galleries, New York, 1974
 Nova Scotia Pavilion, Montreal Olympics, Montreal, 1976
 'Painting Now', Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, 1976–7
 Other Realities; the Legacy of Surrealism in Canadian Art', Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, 1978

Public Collections

Acadia University Art Gallery
Art Gallery of Nova Scotia
Beaverbrook Art Gallery
Canada Council Art Bank
Confederation Centre Art Gallery
Dalhousie University Art Gallery
Department of External Affairs, Ottawa
Mount Allison University Art Gallery
Mount Saint Vincent University Art Gallery
National Portrait Gallery
Smithsonian Institution
National Gallery of Canada

Sources

 'Artscope—<mask>', half-hour CBC TV program, producer-director Janet Smith, 1984
  Barry, Philippa, 'Interview with <mask>,' ArtsAtlantic, no.25, Spring, 1986, pp. 33–35. Drawings by <mask> 1948–1986, introd. Ian G. Lumsden, fore. Mimi Cazort, Fredericton, N. B., Beaverbrook Art Gallery, 1986.ArtsAtlantic, no.41, 1991. Lumsden, Ian G. 'The First Decade,' Charlottetown: Confederation Centre Art Gallery, 1975. MacLachlan, Mary E. <mask>: Paintings and Drawings: 1967-1977, Halifax: Dalhousie Art Gallery, 1977. Drawings by <mask> 1948–1986, introd. Ian G. Lumsden, fore. Mimi Cazort, Fredericton, N. B., Beaverbrook Art Gallery, 1986. Riordan, Bernard.Nova Scotia Art Bank. Halifax: Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, 1983. A Visionary Gaze: In Memoriam <mask>orn <mask> 1930–1991, Leighton Davis and <mask>, Saint Mary's University Art Gallery, 1993
 Walker Art Center. 1958 Biennial Paintings Prints Sculpture, Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 1958. Wiseman, Ian. '<mask>; the Triumph of Art over Allergy' Cities magazine, 1985. External links
 Jottings
 Thistle Dance Publishing

1930 births
1991 deaths
American emigrants to Canada
Canadian women artists
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
University of Minnesota alumni
American expatriates in Germany

masks:
Carol Hoorn Fraser
Carol Hoorn Fraser
Arvid Hoorn
Hoorn
Carol
John Fraser
Carol Fraser
Carol Fraser
Carol Ho
Fraser
Carol Ho
Fraser
Carol Fraser
Carol Fraser
Carol Fraser
Carol Fraser
Carol Fraser
Carol Ho
Fraser
John Fraser
Carol Fraser


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<mask> ( – 29 December 1605) was one of the chief navigators of Queen Elizabeth I of England. He led several voyages to discover the Northwest Passage and served as pilot and captain on both Dutch and English voyages to the East Indies. He discovered the Falkland Islands in August 1592. Life and career
<mask> was born in the parish of Stoke Gabriel in Devon circa 1550, and spent his childhood in Sandridge Barton nearby. It has been suggested that he learned much of his seamanship as a child while playing boats along the river Dart, and went to sea at an early age. His childhood neighbours included Adrian Gilbert and Humphrey Gilbert and their half-brother Walter Raleigh. From early on, he also became friends with <mask>.He began pitching a voyage in search of the Northwest Passage to the queen's secretary Francis Walsingham in 1583. Two years later, in 1585, the secretary relented and funded the expedition, which traced Frobisher's route to Greenland's east coast, around Cape Farewell, and west towards Baffin Island. In 1586 he returned to the Arctic with four ships, two of which were sent to Greenland's iceberg-calving eastern shore; the other two penetrated the strait which came to bear his name as far as 67°N before being blocked by the Arctic ice cap. Sunshine attempted (and failed) to circumnavigate the island from the east. The initially amiable approach <mask> adopted to the Inuit  bringing musicians and having the crew dance and play with them  changed after they stole one of his anchors; they were likely irate at having been interrupted during one of their religious ceremonies. Inuit also attacked his ships in Hamilton Inlet (Labrador). A third expedition in 1587 reached 72°12'N and Disko Island before unfavorable winds forced it back.On his return, <mask> charted the Davis Inlet in the coast of Labrador. The log of this trip remained a textbook model for later captains for centuries. In 1588 he seems to have commanded Black Dog against the Spanish Armada. In 1589 he joined the Earl of Cumberland as part of the Azores Voyage of 1589. In 1591 he accompanied Thomas Cavendish on Cavendish's last voyage, which sought to discover the Northwest Passage "upon the back parts of America" (i.e., from the western entrance). After the rest of Cavendish's expedition returned unsuccessful, <mask> continued to attempt on his own account the passage of the Strait of Magellan; though defeated by foul weather, he apparently discovered the Falkland Islands in August 1592 aboard Desire. His crew was forced to kill hundreds of penguins for food on the islands, but the stored meat spoiled in the tropics and only fourteen of his 76 men made it home alive.From 1596 to 1597 <mask> seems to have sailed with Sir Walter Raleigh to Cádiz and the Azores as master of Raleigh's ship; from 1598 to 1600 he accompanied a Dutch expedition to the East Indies as pilot, sailing from Flushing and returning to Middleburg, while carefully charting and recording geographical details. He narrowly escaped destruction from treachery at Achin on Sumatra. From 1601 to 1603 he accompanied Sir James Lancaster as Pilot-Major on the first voyage of the English East India Company. For his part <mask> was to receive £500 (around £1.5 million at 2015 values) if the voyage doubled its original investment, £1,000 if three times, £1,500 if four times and £2,000 if five times. Before departure, <mask> had told London merchants that pepper could be obtained in Aceh at a price of four reals of eight per hundredweight - whereas it actually cost 20. When the voyage returned, Lancaster complained that <mask> had been wrong about both the price and availability of pepper. Unhappy at being made a scapegoat for the situation, on 5 December 1604 <mask> sailed again for the East Indies as pilot to Sir Edward Michelborne, an "interloper" who had been granted a charter by James I despite the supposed East India Company monopoly on trade with the East.On this journey he was killed off Bintan Island near Singapore by one of his captive "Japanese" pirates whose disabled vessel he had just seized. The pirates had taken the English in through several days of friendly discourse prior to the surprise attack in which the subject was 'dragged back, hacked and slashed, and thrust out again'. He died almost immediately after the attack. In the centuries after his death, the importance of Dutch whalers actually led the settlements along Greenland's western coast to be called "Straat Davis" after their name for the Strait, while the name "Greenland" was used to refer to the eastern shore, erroneously presumed to be the site of the Norse Eastern Settlement. Publications
<mask>'s explorations in the Arctic were published by Richard Hakluyt and appeared on his world map. <mask> himself published a valuable treatise on practical navigation called The Seaman's Secrets in 1594 and a more theoretical work called The World's Hydrographical Description in 1595. The account of <mask>'s last voyage was written by Michelborne on his return to England in 1606.Inventions

His invention of the backstaff and double quadrant (called the <mask> quadrant after him) remained popular among English seamen until long after Hadley's reflecting quadrant had been introduced. Personal life

On 29 September 1582, <mask> married Mistress Faith Fulford, daughter of Sir <mask> (the High Sheriff of Devon) and Dorothy Bourchier, the daughter of the Earl of Bath. They had four sons and a daughter. On his return from the 1592 voyage, <mask> discovered his wife had taken up with a "sleek paramour"; conspiring with this man, a counterfeiter, Faith "brought false and unavailing charges" against <mask>. References

External links

16th-century English people
17th-century English people
1550s births
1605 deaths
Baffin Bay
English explorers of North America
English murder victims
Explorers of Canada
Explorers of the Arctic
Male murder victims
People from Dartmouth, Devon
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
British scientific instrument makers

masks:
John Davis
Davis
John Dee
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
John Fuord
Davis
Davis


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<mask> (born December 7, 1986) is a Canadian YouTube content creator and entrepreneur. His YouTube videos have been seen over 100 million times and he has over 200,000 subscribers. In December 2007, <mask> was one of the first Canadians to join the YouTube Partnership Program. In February 2013 he was named Niagara's Entrepreneur of the Year in Innovative Small Business for his video production company ApprenticeA Productions. He is the founder of Buffer Festival. YouTube career
<mask> began on YouTube in mid-2006 by posting hip hop dance videos inspired by American dance reality television show So You Think You Can Dance. His popularity stemmed from the success of one of his first videos, How To Dance: "1, 2 Step" by Ciara (uploaded to YouTube on September 3, 2006), where he teaches dance steps to R&B singer Ciara's music video 1, 2 Step.The video currently has over 6.5 million views. Following his How To Dance series, <mask> branched into other types of videos. His channel career spans dancing, singing, playing musical instruments, beatboxing, acting in skits and short films (including a short film production by Niagara College), solving Rubik's Cubes, video blogging, and collaborating with other YouTubers. Many of his videos contain references to the Star Wars franchise. Microsoft Canada has contributed to one of <mask>'s videos, and MTV Europe contacted him to produce an exclusive video to appear in their televised series MTV's Best.Show.Ever in 2007. In December 2008, <mask> produced a 4-part a cappella Christmas e-card for California-based consulting firm Barbary Coast Consulting. In May 2009, Vidal released a 33-part interactive choose-your-own-adventure-style video as part of a collaboration with Blendtec, the company behind Will It Blend?.Lucasfilm is now a sponsor of Vidal's channel. <mask> first gained national Canadian media attention in the summer of 2008 when he was announced as the host of the 888 YouTube Gathering that took place August 8, 2008 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. <mask> hosted a one-hour show featuring many of YouTube's most popular "cewebrities", including KevJumba, HappySlip, Dave Days, Charles Trippy, Shay Carl, Philip DeFranco, and more. <mask> launched a second, daily-vlogging YouTube channel on January 1, 2011 called "ApprenticeEh", where he and the staff members of his company recorded and shared their lives every day. On January 1, 2017, the ApprenticeEh channel ended after 2,192 consecutive days of vlogging. ApprenticeEh operates out of Burlington, Ontario. <mask>ley's Believe It or Not!book series for his work on YouTube. In 2013, ApprenticeA Productions launched Buffer Festival, a film festival catered toward YouTubers. ApprenticeA Productions partnered with Shay Carl to produce Vlogumentary, a feature-length documentary film about online video fame. It was picked up by Executive Producer Morgan Spurlock and released in 2016 exclusively on YouTube Red. Star Wars (John Williams Is The Man) A Cappella Tribute

A notable success is his most popular video, a Star Wars a cappella tribute to composer John Williams - a video of <mask> lip-syncing to a song written in 1999 and recorded in 2002 by a cappella comedy troupe Moosebutter. The video was featured on YouTube Canada's homepage on November 3, 2008, and then again on the Worldwide homepage three days later. It appeared on the homepage of MSN.com, and was featured by MSN Videos and StupidVideos.com.As of November 2020, the video has been viewed over 22 million times since its upload on October 27, 2008. The video quickly became Canada's #1 Top Rated (All Time) and #1 Top Favorited (All Time) Entertainment video, and received many other All Time Honors both in Canada and Worldwide. It was also ranked as one of YouTube's Top 100 Rated videos of All Time, although YouTube retired the Honors system in November 2011. The Maclean's Book of Lists named it in their list of '10 Canadian viral sensations' in 2012. On December 7, 2008 the video was nominated for a 35th Annual People's Choice Awards on CBS as "Favorite User Generated Video" of 2008. It faced competition in its category from other viral videos such as Barack Roll, Fred Goes Swimming, Where the Hell is Matt? (2008), and Wassup 2008.<mask> attended the red carpet event in Los Angeles on January 7, 2009. Copyright disputes
<mask> is known on YouTube for his multiple Digital Millennium Copyright Act disputes between the content in his videos and copyrighted works owned by major studios and labels. To date, he has fought and won every claim made against his videos. 4 Minutes
The first claim came from Warner Music Group in April 2008 over the use of Madonna's song 4 Minutes in one of his hip hop dance videos. The video was removed from YouTube by Warner a month after it being uploaded, having received over 200,000 views. <mask> fought Warner with an official DMCA counter-claim, filed through YouTube's copyright system. Two weeks after his claim was made, Madonna herself uploaded a video to her official YouTube channel titled Madonna's Message To YouTube saying "So all you people out there who are making videos to my single 4 Minutes, keep up the good work.Nice job, nice one, OK. But you got to clean up after yourself, alright?" <mask> forwarded this video to YouTube's copyright department as well as Warner Music Group's legal team, and on May 9, 2008 his video was restored in full, with no penalties held against his account. After a falling-out between YouTube and Warner Music Group in early 2009, Warner pulled down every video on YouTube that contained any of their material. This included a complete purging of Madonna's YouTube account and all her videos, including the official music video to 4 Minutes as well as Madonna's message to YouTube. However, because <mask>'s claim had legally won in 2008, they were unable to remove his video. It currently has over 4 million views.Madonna's response video has since been restored. John Williams/Star Wars A Cappella Tribute
In mid-January 2009, <mask>'s Star Wars A Cappella video was removed from YouTube due to a DMCA copyright infringement claim by Warner Music Group. His entire account and all of his videos were suspended, then returned three days later, however the a cappella video remained banned and unviewable. For over a month, the official video was unavailable on YouTube, but copies were spread around the Internet by other uploaders on YouTube and other media sites. On February 24, 2009 the original video returned after <mask> fought Warner's claim, citing the video as being protected under fair use. The video was restored with its original views, ratings, and comments. Awards and nominations

See also
 List of YouTube personalities
 User-generated content
 Viral video

References

External links
<mask>'s YouTube Home Page
ApprenticeA Productions

Canadian beatboxers
Canadian contemporary dancers
Canadian YouTubers
1986 births
Living people
Canadian male dancers
21st-century Canadian dancers

masks:
Corey Vidal
Corey
Corey Vidal
Corey
Corey
Corey
Corey
Corey
Corey Vidal
Coreyip
Vidal
Vidal
Corey
Vidal
Corey
Corey
Corey
Corey Vidal
Corey Vidal


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<mask> (born 27 August 1959) is an English financier and investor. He is most notable as the founder and chairman of Terra Firma Capital Partners, one of the largest private equity firms in Europe. <mask> also served as chairman of the UK music company EMI. <mask> is well known for his frequently outspoken comments about the private equity industry. In April 2009 he moved from the UK to Guernsey where Terra Firma is based. <mask> was born in London, to South African parents, by way of Southern Rhodesia. He was educated at Holy Trinity School, Cookham, where he was diagnosed as severely dyslexic.Subsequently, he was sent to Ravenscroft Preparatory School, a special needs school, aged 9 and The Judd School, Tonbridge. More recently, <mask> contributed the funds for the construction of the <mask> Hands Library at the Judd School. In a Ravenscroft production of Macbeth in 1970, he played the part of Lady Macbeth opposite Christopher Newbury as Macbeth. <mask> studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Mansfield College, Oxford. At Oxford, <mask> held the office of Bursar of the Oxford Union and was also President of the Oxford University Conservative Association in Michaelmas Term 1980. <mask> later provided funding for construction of the Hands Building at Mansfield College. Early career
<mask> started his career in 1982 as a eurobond trader at Goldman Sachs.He was appointed Head of Eurobond trading in 1986 and later rose to become head of global asset structuring world-wide for Goldman's European division in 1990. In 1994, <mask> left Goldman to found Nomura's Principal Finance Group, which focused on European private equity investments. <mask> joined Nomura after three other banks, including Goldman, turned down his investment plan. At Nomura, <mask> and his team completed over $20 billion of leveraged buyouts. By 2000, <mask> was reported to have generated profits for the bank in excess of $1.9 billion making him a star financier in London. <mask>' most notable acquisitions at Nomura included Annington Homes, as well as William Hill, the bookmaker, and Angel Trains, the UK rolling stock company. As well, Hands effectively became the UK's biggest pub landlord through a series of acquisitions in the 1990s.In 1996, <mask> played a central role in the sale of the Ministry of Defence's 57,4000 homes for military personnel and their families to Annington Homes, which had been established earlier that year as a shell company by Nomura, making Annington the largest owner of residential property in England and Wales. Terra Firma

In 2002, <mask> founded Terra Firma Capital Partners, as a spinout from Nomura, which he had built into one of the largest private equity investors in Europe. Terra Firma debuted with a €2 billion private equity fund, immediately making it one of the larger private equity investors in Europe. The firm's early investments, while still a division of Nomura, focused on housing (Annington Homes), leasing companies and pubs. Since 2002, the firm has made major investments in the waste management (Waste Recycling Group), energy (BGCL, East Surrey Holdings, Phoenix Natural Gas, aircraft leasing (AWAS), cinema (Odeon Cinemas/UCI) and music sectors (EMI). TFCP has also made significant investments in German residential housing (Deutsche Annington) and motorway services (Tank & Rast). Terra Firma is now also one of the world's leading private equity investors in renewable energy.Its investments include the UK-based green energy business (Infinis), a US wind energy business (EverPower) and an Italian solar energy business (RTR). Hands and Terra Firma are also known for the failed investment in British music company EMI, which was later taken over by Citigroup, the main lender in the investment. Citigroup took ownership of EMI Group from Terra Firma on 1 February 2011, wiping out the firm's investments and writing off £2.2 billion of debt. Despite implementing an operational turnaround, Terra Firma was reported to have lost $2.5 billion in the EMI transaction, representing roughly one-third of Terra Firma's investor's capital as well as more than 60% of Hands' personal net worth. Hands had spent much of 2010 engaged in litigation with Citigroup, claiming the bank engaged in fraud during its auction of EMI in 2007. The lawsuit went to trial in New York in late 2010 and resulted in a jury finding in favor of Citigroup. This verdict was however overturned in May 2013, after a US federal appeals court found that the American trial judge, Jed Rakoff, had incorrectly instructed the jury on a point of English law.A new, judge-led trial was heard by Mr Justice Burton in London in June 2016. After two days of evidence, during which <mask> admitted on more than one occasion that he didn't have 'that memory anymore', lawyers for Terra Firma withdrew the case with all costs to be borne by Terra Firma. Burton said: "I’m sure this is the right result". Citi said: "We have always maintained that the allegations made by Terra Firma were entirely baseless." <mask> said the claims had been brought in good faith, but that documentation and memories of these events after nine years was no longer sufficient to meet the high demands of proof required, and that the matter is now closed. Personal life

<mask> started an art business before going to University. Once at Oxford it became known as 'Artsake' and employed a large number of <mask>' fellow students.While at university, he became friends with William Hague, who was later best man at his wedding, in 1984, to Julia Caroline Ablethorpe. The couple have two sons and two daughters. His wife's house in Kent, just outside Sevenoaks, was once presented to Winston Churchill, while his family's estate in Tuscany, Villa Saletta, produces wine and olive oil. The estate's wines have won several awards. <mask> and his wife own the Hand Picked Hotels chain of 20 English country house properties, which is run by <mask>. In April 2009, in protest at the UK tax system, <mask> moved to the Bailiwick of Guernsey. Since then, he has not been to the UK and his family travel to Guernsey to see him.The writer Malcolm Gladwell called the move to Guernsey an "incredibly interesting pathology", seeing exile from the UK as a significant reverse in the benefits of being immensely wealthy. In 2017 <mask> and <mask> agreed to a deal to acquire McDonald's Nordic operations. The Nordic countries consist of approximately 435 restaurants, 95% of which are franchised. The deal will see <mask> become the developmental licensee and master franchiser for McDonald's in the region. In May 2019 he admitted to The Times that he had an addiction to roast potatoes and gravy and that he had sought treatment from hypnosis to combat it. <mask> took a stake in ROXi in December 2020, as part of a £13 million fundraiser led by Sun Capital Partners - a company managed by Hugh Osmond, the former owner of PizzaExpress and Center Parcs. Roxi was founded by Rob Lewis in 2014.Philanthropy
The Hands family support a number of charities including the Prince's Trust, King's College, Cambridge, Duke of Edinburgh Awards, Kids Company, The Eve Appeal, Hospice in the Weald, ICAN, and Outward Bound. They have also been significant supporters of Mansfield College, Oxford. In recognition of their significant contributions, Mansfield hosts an annual Hands Lecture series, whose speakers have included Lord Mandelson, David Boies and Bob Geldof. Since 2014, the <mask> family has donated £2.2 million towards Mansfield's Love Lane building, which will house the University's new Institute of Human Rights. Hands first donated money to Mansfield College in 1995, and has since been active in its development. One of the areas of change Hands has been vocal on was the decision to focus on providing educational access to 'non-typical students'. The college now claims a UK state school intake of 91.4% compared with just under 60% for the rest of the University - a statistic which Hands stated 'puts Mansfield in a different league'.Through Terra Firma London, <mask> donates 10% of pre-tax profits to the Terra Firma Charitable Trust and Impetus - The Private Equity Foundation, with these donations going to local communities in Southwark in South London where the company has offices. <mask> was named the 2018 Philanthropist of The Year at the annual Spear's Wealth Management Awards for his contributions to a number of charities. Honours and appointments
 2000 - elected a Global Leader of Tomorrow of the World Economic Forum
 President of Access for Excellence
 Bancroft Fellow of Mansfield College, Oxford
 Member of the University of Oxford Chancellor's Court of Benefactors
 Fellow of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme

References

External links
Profile: <mask>. The Guardian, 17 January 2008
<mask>. Terra Firma Capital Partners website
Guy Hands Blog. <mask> Blog Terra Firma Capital Partners website
Hand Picked Hotels (company website)

1959 births
Living people
People from Sevenoaks District
People educated at Ravenscroft School, Somerset
People educated at The Judd School
Presidents of the Oxford University Conservative Association
Alumni of Mansfield College, Oxford
English businesspeople
Private equity and venture capital investors
British expatriates in Guernsey
Place of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Guy Hands
Hands
Hands
Biography Hands
Hands
Guy
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Julia Hands
Hands
Guy
Julia Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Hands
Guy Hands
Guy Hands
Guy Hands