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<mask> (born December 3, 1947) is a former Major League Baseball third baseman. Braves organization
<mask> followed his brothers Adrian and <mask> in the Milwaukee Braves organization when he was their sixth round selection in the 1965 Major League Baseball draft. Hailing from Brooksville, Florida, <mask> was a fan favorite on the Florida Rookie League Braves, who played in nearby Sarasota. Originally a shortstop when he was signed, <mask> was a good fielder, but only managed a .222 batting average in the Braves' farm system. On December 2, , he was selected by the New York Mets in the Rule 5 draft. New York Mets

Amazin' Mets
<mask> made his major league debut at second base, and played most of his first month in the majors there. Shortly afterwards, the 21 year-old lefty hitter settled into a lefty-righty platoon with Ed Charles at third base.He batted just .218 with one home run his rookie season, however, he would match that home run total in the 1969 National League Championship Series against his former franchise. With the Atlanta Braves leading 4–3 in the fifth inning of game three, <mask> hit a go-ahead two run home run to seal the three-game sweep for the Mets. For the NLCS, <mask> batted .385 with three runs batted in and three runs scored. He struck out in his only official at-bat in the World Series. Continued search for a third baseman
Ed Charles retired after the World Series. On December 3,  the Mets sent Amos Otis and Bob Johnson to the Kansas City Royals for third baseman Joe Foy. While shifted into more of a utility infielder role, making 34 starts at second base, <mask> put up better numbers than Foy, who was gone after just one season in New York.Following the  season, <mask> went into the military with the Bayside National Guard, and the Mets acquired Bob Aspromonte from the Braves for Ron Herbel. After completing his military obligation and a brief stop at triple A Tidewater, <mask> rejoined his team midway through the  season. He hit the ground running, going 3-for-5 with two RBIs and three runs scored in his first game back, and 2-for-3 with two walks and an RBI in his second, but he soon cooled off. An 0-for-29 skid at the end of the season saw his batting average drop to .213. Following the season, the Mets sent a package of young prospects that included Nolan Ryan to the California Angels for perennial All-Star third baseman Jim Fregosi. <mask> and Fregosi produced identical .232 batting averages in , and combined for seven home runs and 61 RBIs platooning at third. Fregosi's tenure in New York lasted until midway through the  season before his contract was sold to the Texas Rangers.Ya Gotta Believe! At the time of the deal, <mask> was batting .233 with six home runs and 27 RBIs. He batted .270 with thirteen home runs and 47 RBIs over the remainder of the season. He led off the Mets' September 7 contest with the Montreal Expos with a solo home run that turned out to be the only run of the game. On September 13, his extra innings pinch hit single drove in the winning run against the Philadelphia Phillies. From September 17 to September 21, the Mets played a crucial five game stretch against the Pittsburgh Pirates that would determine the National League East. The Mets won four of those five games, and went from 3.5 games back to first place by half a game.<mask> went 8-for-22 during that stretch with a home run, two RBIs and five runs scored. He was also at the center of one of the most famous plays in Mets folklore. Their September 20 match up at Shea Stadium went into extra innings. The Pirates had Richie Zisk on first base when Dave Augustine hit what appeared to be a two-run home run to left. Instead, the ball hit the top of the wall, and caromed directly into left fielder Cleon Jones' glove. Jones fired a strike to <mask> as the cut off man, who in turn, fired a strike to catcher Ron Hodges to nail Zisk at the plate. The Mets went on to win the game in the bottom of the inning.<mask> went just 2-for-24 in the 1973 National League Championship Series against Cincinnati's "Big Red Machine," however, one of those hits sparked the series winning rally. With the score tied at two in the fifth and decisive game, <mask> led off the fifth inning with a double. The following batter, Félix Millán, laid down a sacrifice bunt. Rather than take the sure out at first base, Reds pitcher Jack Billingham threw to third, attempting to get the lead runner. Reds third baseman Dan Driessen tagged the base, not the runner, forgetting that there was no force on the play. Thereby, allowing both runners to be safe. The following batter, Cleon Jones, doubled to drive in <mask> with the lead run.<mask> hit two home runs in the 1973 World Series against the Oakland Athletics. The first coming in the Mets' 10–7 game two victory, and the second came leading off game three. Aside from these two home runs, he did not have much success, however. He batted just .167, and tied Eddie Mathews' 1958 World Series record by striking out eleven times. He also made the final out of the Series. Representing the tying run, he popped out to shortstop Bert Campaneris to end the game. 1974-1976
After a career year in 1973, <mask> was finally handed the starting job at third for .He appeared in a career high 151 games, and made a career high 619 plate appearances, but batted just .224 with thirteen home runs. After the season, the Mets acquired former National League MVP Joe Torre from the St. Louis Cardinals for Tommy Moore and Ray Sadecki. In , <mask> batted .266 platooning with Torre at third. For , Torre was shifted to first, and the third base job was split between <mask> and rookie Roy Staiger until midway through the season, when <mask> was dealt to the Montreal Expos with Del Unser for Pepe Mangual and Jim Dwyer. Montreal Expos
With the Expos, <mask> was shifted to second base. On September 29, <mask> hit his first career grand slam against the Mets at Shea. His career at second base was cut short when the Expos signed free agent second baseman Dave Cash after the season.He spent the remainder of his Expos career backing up Larry Parrish at third. On July 21, , two years from the date that he was acquired from the Mets, the Expos sent <mask> to the St. Louis Cardinals for cash considerations. His one home run with the Cards was a pinch hit grand slam. Unable to come to an agreement on a contract for the  season, <mask> decided to head to Japan, where his brother, Adrian, had been playing since . Career statistics

<mask> played two seasons for the Chunichi Dragons. His first season in Nippon Professional Baseball, he hit a career-high twenty home runs and drove in a career high 71 runs. He also played for the Bradenton Explorers of the Senior Professional Baseball Association in its  inaugural season.<mask> played 711 games at third base for the Mets. It is the third highest total, behind David Wright and Howard Johnson. Joe Foy, Bob Aspromonte, Jim Fregosi and Joe Torre combine for 384. <mask>'s home run in game three of the 1973 World Series is one of three lead off home runs in New York Mets World Series history. Tommie Agee hit one in the 1969 World Series against the Baltimore Orioles; Lenny Dykstra hit his in the 1986 World Series against the Boston Red Sox. Coincidentally, their lead off home runs, like <mask>'s, also occurred in game three. <mask>'s nephew Jason (Adrian's son), was drafted by and played four years in the Florida Marlins organization, reaching High-A in the minor leagues.References

External links
, or The Ultimate Mets Database
SABR BioProject

1947 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Arizona Instructional League Braves players
Baseball players from Florida
Bradenton Explorers players
Chunichi Dragons players
Florida Rookie League Braves players
Kinston Eagles players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets players
Nippon Professional Baseball second basemen
Nippon Professional Baseball third basemen
People from Brooksville, Florida
Sarasota High School alumni
Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida
St. Louis Cardinals players
Tidewater Tides players
West Palm Beach Braves players

masks:
Ronald Wayne Garrett
Wayne
James Garrett
Garrett
Garrett
Garrett
Garrett
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<mask> (October 1, 1840 – September 2, 1916) was a lawyer and civic leader in Indianapolis, Indiana, who served as a Republican member of the Indiana Senate (1876 to 1880) and a U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Austria-Hungary (1899 to 1901). The Wayne County, Indiana, native graduated from Northwestern Christian University (present-day Butler University) in 1862 and was admitted to the bar in 1865, the same year he established a law partnership with John T. Dye in Indianapolis. <mask> was a founding member (1878) and president (1883 and 1890) of the Indianapolis Bar Association; a founder and president (1899 to 1904) of the Indiana Law School, which was a forerunner to the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in Indianapolis; a presidential elector in 1896; president of the Indiana State Bar Association (1904); a member (1905–1916) and president (1909 to 1916) of Purdue University's board of trustees; and a member of the Indiana Historical Society and the Columbia Club. Early life and education
<mask> was born on October 1, 1840, in rural Wayne County, Indiana, and was one of Martha (Young) and <mask>'s two sons. <mask>, a Wayne County farmer, also served in three sessions of the Indiana House of Representatives (1853, 1875, and 1877). <mask>'s ancestors came to North America from Cornwall, United Kingdom; his father moved the family of Quakers from North Carolina to settle in Indiana.<mask> received his early education in local Quaker schools near his Wayne County home. He enrolled at North Western Christian University (present-day Butler University) in 1860, and graduated two years later in 1862. After college he read law for three years at the Indianapolis firm of Barbour and Howland and studied under Indiana Supreme Court Justice Samuel E. Perkins. Marriage and family
<mask> met his wife, <mask> (1848–1948) of Connersville, Indiana, when she came to Indianapolis to attend North Western Christian University. <mask> and <mask> were married on May 14, 1868. <mask> was active in the Art Association of Indianapolis, the forerunner to the Indianapolis Museum of Art and Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis's Herron School of Art and Design. She served on its board of trustees, which including leadership roles as recording secretary (1893–1899) and as its fifth president (1904–1907).The couple had no children. <mask> and India <mask>'s primary residence was located on North Meridian Street in Indianapolis. In addition to their Indianapolis home, <mask> acquired property in rural Hamilton County, Indiana, in 1880 and later had the home on the site remodeled and enlarged to use as a summer residence. The West-Harris House in Hamilton County was later nicknamed Ambassador House in reference to his diplomatic service as a U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Austria-Hungary from 1899 to 1901. <mask> was admitted to the bar in 1865 and established a law partnership with John T. Dye in Indianapolis, Indiana. They dissolved their fourteen-year partnership in 1879.<mask>, who specialized in corporate law, continued to practice law on his own, becoming one of the state's prominent lawyers in the late nineteenth century. <mask> was also a member of the Republican Party and active in state politics. He served in the Indiana Senate from 1876 to 1880, but was unsuccessful in his bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1889. <mask> used his political connections with <mask>. Fairbanks, who was serving as U.S. Senator from Indiana at that time, to secure an appointment in 1899 as U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Austria-Hungary. <mask> resigned his diplomatic post and was recalled to the United States in 1901.He resumed his law career in Indianapolis and in his later years served as president of the Indiana State Bar Association and as a member of Purdue University's board of trustees, among other civic activities. Lawyer
<mask> spent a year teaching before establishing a law practice in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was admitted to the bar in 1865, the same year he formed a law partnership with John T. Dye. On November 30, 1878, a gathering of forty local attorneys that included the future U.S. President <mask> and future U.S. Vice President <mask>. Fairbanks met in the law offices of Dye and <mask> to establish the Indianapolis Bar Association. <mask> served as president of the association in 1883 and in 1890. <mask> and Dye maintained their law practice for fourteen years, but dissolved the partnership in 1879, when Dye went to work for the Big Four Railroad. Afterwards, <mask> practiced law alone, mainly focusing on constitutional law and corporate law, his specialty.<mask> became one of the state's most prominent lawyers in the late nineteenth century and first decade of the twentieth century. He supported the concept of workers' compensation and favored the use of arbitration boards to settle labor disputes. <mask> also authored Modern Views of Compensation for Personal Injuries (Indianapolis, 1909). In addition, he delivered lectures at Purdue University regarding railroads and railroad management that were later published. Indiana politician
<mask>, a member of the Republican Party, was elected to Indiana Senate representing Marion County, Indiana, in 1876. He served in two sessions of the Indiana General Assembly (1877 and 1879) before his term ended in 1880. <mask> favored progressive legislation.He became a member of the Senate's judicial committee and a leader of the Republicans on the Senate floor at a time when the state had a Democratic majority. While <mask> was serving in his first session of the state senate in 1877, his father, Branson <mask>, was serving in the Indiana House of Representatives. In 1889 <mask> was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives. He served as a presidential elector for Indiana in 1896. Diplomat
<mask> used his connections in the state's Republican Party and his friendship with <mask>, a U.S. senator from Indiana at that time, to secure an appointment on January 10, 1899, from President William McKinley to serve as U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria-Hungary. <mask> replaced <mask> Tower Jr., who was appointed U.S. ambassador to Russia.<mask> served in Vienna, Austria, until he resigned and was recalled to the United States in 1901. <mask> and his wife returned to Indianapolis, where he resumed a private law practice. Community service
<mask> was active in civic affairs, especially in the areas of law and higher education. He helped found the Indiana Law School (1893), in addition to serving on its board of directors, as an early instructor, and as the school's president (1899 to 1904). The private law school was a forerunner to the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in Indianapolis. In addition his leadership at the law school, <mask> was president of the Indiana State Bar Association (1904), and served on the University of Indianapolis's board of trustees (1899 to 1904). He joined Purdue University's board of trustees on March 29, 1905, and served as its president from 1909 until his death in 1916.<mask> was also a member of the Indiana Historical Society and the Columbia Club in Indianapolis. Death and legacy
<mask> suffered a stroke and died in Indianapolis on September 2, 1916. He is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. <mask>'s legacy includes his contributions to the state’s legal profession, most notably the formation of the Indianapolis Bar Association, which has grown from its original 40 members to a more than 5,100, and the Indiana State Bar Association, which also continues to serve the state's legal community. To save it from demolition the Town (present-day City) of Fishers, Indiana, supervised the move of <mask>'s summer home in Hamilton County from its original location at 96th Street and Allisonville Road to 106th Street and Eller Road (present-day Heritage Park at White River) in 1996. The West-Harris House (also known as Ambassador House) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. The restored home is operated as a local history museum and a site for community events and private rentals.Honors and tributes
At India <mask> <mask>'s bequest, a trust in honor of her husband was established in 1948 to fund a public lecture series. The <mask><mask> Memorial Lecture brings prominent legal scholars to Indiana to lecture at Indiana University Bloomington's Maurer School of Law. The first lectures in the series were delivered in 1949. More recently, Professor Jack Balkin, Yale Law School, delivered, "The Recent Unpleasantness: Understanding the Cycles of Constitutional Time," on September 13, 2017. Notes

References

1840 births
1916 deaths
People from Wayne County, Indiana
People from Indianapolis
Indiana lawyers
Indiana Republicans
20th-century American diplomats
Indiana state senators
Indiana Historical Society
Butler University alumni
19th-century American lawyers

masks:
Addison Clay Harris
Harris
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Branson Lewis Harris
Branson Harris
Branson Harris
Addison Harris
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India Crago
Harris
Crago
India Harris
Addison
Harris
Harris
Career Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Charles W
Harris
Harris
Benjamin Harrison
Charles W
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
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Charles Fairbanks
Harris
Charlemagne
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Harris
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Addison C
. Harris


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<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (September 13, 1909 − April 14, 1973) was an Italian-American gangster who became one of the Chicago Outfit's most notorious loan sharks and sociopathic killers. Chicago-based Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents, such as William F. Roemer, Jr., considered DeStefano to be the worst torture-murderer in the history of the United States. The Outfit used the mentally unstable and sadistic DeStefano for the torture-murders of Leo Foreman and Arthur Adler, the murder of <mask>'s younger brother, <mask> (an Outfit enforcer), and many others. However, due to <mask>'s deranged mental state, the Outfit never let him become a made man. At least one Outfit insider, Charles Crimaldi, claimed DeStefano was a devil worshipper. Early years
<mask>, Jr. was born in Streator, Illinois, into the Italian-American family of <mask>, Sr., and <mask> (née Brasco), both of whom had been born in Italy and had immigrated to the United States in 1903. Destefano, Sr., was a laborer and, later on in life, a grocer and real estate salesman who died of natural causes in 1942, at age 77.Rosalie was a housewife, who throughout her life was supported by the contributions of her children. She died in October 1960. In all, the DeStefanos had seven children, three sons and four daughters. Not long after his birth, <mask> and his family moved to Herrin, Illinois, where his father worked in the local coal mine. After the labor-related turmoil surrounding the Herrin Massacre, the <mask> family moved north to Chicago's Little Italy. One of the earliest reports on DeStefano is from September 12, 1926, when he was arrested in Chicago and turned over to the Niles Police Department as a fugitive for breaking out of jail. On July 1, 1927, several hundred Westside gang members showed up threatening violence against a police sergeant for arresting DeStefano and shooting <mask>'s associate Harry Casgrovi.In November 1927, <mask> and fellow gang member Ralph Orlando were in court on charges of assaulting a 17-year-old girl. The prosecution claimed that on August 19, 1927, the girl was forced into an automobile and driven to a garage where she was sexually assaulted by seven men. Orlando and DeStefano were both found guilty of rape; Orlando was sentenced to ten years while DeStefano was sentenced to three. In 1930, DeStefano joined the Forty-Two Gang, an infamous Chicago street gang led by future Outfit boss, Salvatore "<mask>" Giancana. DeStefano soon became involved in bootlegging and gambling. In 1932, he was wounded by a policeman during a grocery store robbery. In August of that year, DeStefano appeared at a hospital on Chicago's West Side with bullet wounds, which he refused to explain.In 1933, <mask> was convicted of a bank robbery in New Lisbon, Wisconsin and sentenced to 40 years in prison. His sentence was commuted by Governor Julius Heil in December 1942 and he was released in December 1944. DeStefano returned to prison in June 1947 for possessing counterfeit sugar ration stamps. While in Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary in the 1940s DeStefano met Outfit members Paul Ricca and Louis Campagna. Later in 1947, <mask> was released and obtained a civil service job in Chicago as a garbage dump foreman. In 1952, city officials discovered <mask> had omitted his criminal record from his Civil Service application; however, they chose not to prosecute him. Crimes

Political fixing
During the early 1950s, DeStefano became one of the most prominent loan shark operators in Chicago.Using stolen money from his days as a bank robber, DeStefano began investing in Chicago real estate. He bought a 24-suite apartment building and used the rent money as legitimate income to bribe local aldermen and other politicians. By the mid-1950s, DeStefano's influence extended to city officials, prominent judges, and law enforcement officers. DeStefano would brag "there wasn't any case he couldn't 'fix,'" and began offering his services accordingly. His fees ranged from $800 for fixing a robbery case to $1,500 for an assault case. DeStefano allegedly fixed a first-degree murder case for $20,000. DeStefano's arrangements became so routine, corrupt police officers would escort suspects to DeStefano's house.After DeStefano paid off the cops, the suspects would be "put on the juice" to DeStefano in exchange for his assistance. Loan sharking
By the early 1960s, DeStefano was a leading loan shark for the Outfit. DeStefano's loan shark victims included politicians, lawyers and small-time criminals; by the end of the decade, DeStefano was charging 20% to 25% a week in interest. DeStefano would accept very high-risk debtors, such as drug addicts or business men who had already defaulted on previous debts. The reason was simple: DeStefano enjoyed when debtors did not pay on time, since he could then bring them to the sound-proof torture chamber he'd built in his basement. Other gangsters said the sadistic DeStefano would actually foam at the mouth while torturing his victims. From time to time, DeStefano would also kill debtors who owed him small sums just to scare other debtors into paying their bigger debts.DeStefano would give his loan shark victims presents, such as a gold watch with his name engraved on the back, so that if he had to kill his victim and the police accused him he could use the watch as proof of how close he was to the victim and why he could never have killed him. He wore thick black rimmed glasses, making people believe he couldn't see without them, when in truth he could see everything that was going on and would take mental notes on how people operated. Under normal circumstances, the Outfit would have distanced itself from DeStefano due to his sadistic, irrational behavior. However, the bosses tolerated DeStefano because he earned them a great deal of money. DeStefano was such a successful earner, Giancana and Tony Accardo invested some of their own money in DeStefano's loansharking operations. Following a negative report in the Chicago Tribune by reporter William Doherty, DeStefano assaulted Doherty, chased him with a gun, threatened his family and finally broke the windows on Doherty's nearby parked car. Acts of violence
In November 1963, DeStefano had a violent argument with Leo Foreman, a real estate agent and one of DeStefano's "juice-loan" collectors, in Foreman's office.<mask> was physically ejected by Foreman from his office, and then he went into hiding. Later on, DeStefano underlings Tony Spilotro and Chuck Crimaldi contacted Foreman and said DeStefano wanted to let "bygones be bygones". Foreman was lured to <mask>'s brother's house and was murdered soon after. In another incident, Peter Cappelletti, a collector for DeStefano, fled Chicago with $25,000 from a loan shark victim. <mask>'s men located Cappelletti in Wisconsin and brought him back to Chicago. DeStefano chained Cappelletti to a radiator and tortured him for three days. While a banquet was going on, Cappelletti was secretly being tortured in the back of the restaurant."Kill me man, please, I'm on fire!" Cappelletti implored, to which DeStefano replied "Then we need to put the fire out" before having his men drag the severely burned Cappelletti into the dining area and forcing the man's family to urinate on him in unison. Following the banquet, the family quickly paid back the stolen money. Behavior
In January 1950, DeStefano bought a new car, in which police later spotted him driving around with a sign on it, reading "This is a lemon". To make sure everyone would notice it, he also festooned the car with grapefruits, because he felt he bought a bad car and wanted the world to know it. In 1962, DeStefano was arrested after he tried to represent Vito Zaccagonini in a forgery trial in Rockford, Illinois. He later demanded the names of all employees in the state's attorney's and sheriff's offices so that they could be called as witnesses at his subsequent trial.During another court date in Rockford, when he was serving as his own lawyer as was his practice, he confused everyone in the courtroom when he approached the jury and asked, "Have you ever seen an elephant?" Moments later, DeStefano suddenly changed his plea to guilty, telling the jury, "something had come to light that I had not known before." The jury found him guilty and fined him $100 for disorderly conduct. He would say it was his dream in life to own a pig farm so he could feed his victims to the pigs. He even drove to pig farms just to watch them for hours. According to hitman-turned-informant Charles Crimaldi, DeStefano once forced his wife Anita to take his gun and put the end of the barrel in her mouth, then demanded that she pull the trigger. When she pulled the trigger and the gun didn't go off, DeStefano began to laugh and told her he had removed the bullets.He would tell this story repeatedly to his mob associates for amusement. FBI Agent William F. Roemer wrote of going to <mask>'s house to question him about mob business, saying that several times, DeStefano would walk down the stairs in his pajamas, exposing himself. Often <mask>'s wife would serve the agents coffee and the agents would comment that the coffee had a unique taste to it. DeStefano would claim that the coffee was made from special Italian coffee beans that his wife brewed. Months later Roemer found out DeStefano had been urinating in the coffee before serving it to the agents. Roemer wrote that he could never drink coffee again. <mask>'s partner in the drug dealing business was rogue cop Tommy Dorso.Dorso said he once saw DeStefano roll on the floor, with spit running from his mouth, begging Satan to show him mercy and screaming over and over again, "I'm your servant; command me." Once, while riding in his car, DeStefano saw a man walking down a Chicago street. He forced the man into his car at gunpoint, took the man to his house and forced the man and his own wife to have sex with each other, all for some real or imagined grievance that DeStefano had with his wife. Afterward, the man was so mortified that he would be accused of rape, he went to the nearest police station and reported the incident. One informant who was close to DeStefano described him as a highly emotional, temperamental individual, extremely egotistical and concerned with his personal appearance. The walls of his home were lined with mirrors and as DeStefano talked to people, he constantly watched his reflection in the mirrors as he walked across the room. He was described as being of such a temperament that he could be crying at one moment and laughing the very next.<mask> would often state that if he had not been framed for rape at age 17, he would have become President of the United States. Later life
In 1965, <mask> was convicted of conspiracy and sentenced to three to five years in prison. On February 22, 1972, <mask> was sentenced to three and one half years in prison for threatening the life of a witness, mobster turned informant Charles Crimaldi, an accomplice in the Foreman murder. <mask> had encountered Crimaldi in the elevator of the Chicago Dirksen Federal Building and threatened him. Later in 1972, <mask> was indicted on federal charges for illegal possession of firearms by a felon. <mask> and his associates were eventually indicted for the Foreman murder. As in his previous trials, DeStefano had raised a large amount of public interest with his bizarre behavior.He made demands to represent himself, dressed in pajamas, shouted through bullhorns, and rambled incoherently. <mask> then started displaying similar behavior in the Foreman trial. The Outfit bosses began to worry DeStefano was not only jeopardizing his own defense, but also the defenses of his other crew members. In a secret meeting, the boss of the Chicago Outfit, Tony Accardo, gave <mask>'s crew permission to kill him. On April 14, 1973, it was presumed that <mask> was to have met with his brother, Mario Anthony <mask>, and associate Tony Spilotro in the garage of his Galewood neighborhood home, in the 1600 block of North Sayre Avenue. Before the meeting began, Spilotro allegedly entered the lot and shot DeStefano twice with a shotgun, hitting him in the chest and tearing his left arm off at the elbow, instantly killing him. The murderer was never brought to trial.<mask> was buried at Queen of Heaven Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois. References

Bibliography
Devito, Carlo. Encyclopedia of International Organized Crime. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. Kelly, Robert J. Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000. Sifakis, Carl.The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 2005. Dark, Tony. A Mob of His Own: <mask> <mask> and the Chicago Mob's Juice Rackets, H.H. Productions, Chicago, 2008. McCluskie, Norma. "Decade of Fear", Lulu.com, LaVergne, Tennessee, 2010.Further reading
A Report on Chicago Crime Chicago: Chicago Crime Commission Reports, 1954-1968. Chiocca, Olindo Romeo. Mobsters and Thugs: Quotes from the Underworld. Toronto: Guernica Editions, 2000. External links
"<mask>" DeStefano: The Mob's Marquis de Sade (Part 1) by Allan May
The Free Information Society - <mask> Biography by Jonathan Dunder
FindAGrave.com - <mask> "<mask>" DeStefano
Mad Sam by John William Tuohy

1909 births
1973 deaths
Chicago Outfit mobsters
Deaths by firearm in Illinois
Fratricides
Mafia hitmen
Murdered American gangsters of Italian descent
People from Herrin, Illinois
People from Streator, Illinois
People murdered by the Chicago Outfit
People murdered in Illinois
Torture in the United States

masks:
Samuel
Mad Sam
DeStefano
DeStefano
Michael DeStefano
DeStefano
Samuel DeStefano
Samuel DeStefano
Rosalie DeStefano
Sam DeStefano
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DeStefano
DeStefano
Sam
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DeStefano
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Samuel Mad
Sam DeStefano
Mad Sam
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Kameliya Vladimirova Veskova (; born 10 January 1971), better known mononymously as <mask>, is a Bulgarian singer, actress and TV presenter. Early years

Kamelia was born on 10 January 1971 in the town of Chiprovtsi. Her musical debut was at the age of 11, as a soloist in the school choir with which she performed a Russian song. She appeared in public for the first time, becoming the winner of the Miss Chiprovtsi and Miss Montana beauty pageants organized around that time. At the same time, Kamelia took her first steps as a singer. She started singing at weddings and baptisms in Northwestern Bulgaria as a soloist in a band led by Plamen Velinov. In the spring of 1996, Kamelia was noticed by the conductor of the Vidin Orchestra, Veni Petkov, and became part of the orchestra.Musical career

1997–1999

<mask> was seriously involved in singing from the start of 1997. In August of that year, she signed a contract with the music company Payner in Dimitrovgrad. Her popularity was growing significantly, and performances in clubs and discos were becoming an integral part of her daily life. In 1998, preparation for her debut album was completed and in September the album Fire Girl was released on the music market. She made videos for the songs "Fire Girl", "Is This a Sin", "I Won't Please You", "Understand Me, Darling", "Only Tonight" and "Why I Believed". The hit "Why I Believed" from this album was a great success. This song was declared #1 by Payner and New Folk magazine in 1999.The album Fire Girl reached a circulation of 90,000 copies. These professional successes motivated Kamelia to make an even better album. On 7 December 1999, the album Goldfish appeared on the music market. The first song was "No Joke", better known as 'Yahabibi'. The song occupied the top places in all charts. The album sold in record numbers. 2000–2004

At the beginning of 2000, videos promoted some of the biggest hits of her career, "Crazy about you" and "You are" (the first black-and-white video in pop-folk).On her birthday, the singer was promoting her latest album, Goldfish, which took place in the Prikazkite complex near Harmanli. In April 2000, Payner and the Bulgarian Association of Music Producers (BAMP) declared the album Goldfish gold for sales. Its total circulation reached 200,000 copies. 30,000 of them are on CD and this makes it the best-selling for the year in the country, and at the end of the year, it even reached platinum circulation. <mask> recorded the song "Where Are You", which appeared on the music market in the summer of 2001 and became a hit. It was also the first music video to be broadcast on Planeta. At the end of the year, the singer also participated in the 3-year-old Mustang festival in Varna.She won three awards for the song "Where Are You". The singer also presented herself in the competition for a singer with the first recorded song for her upcoming album: the ballad "You're Gone". On 21 April 2002, Kamelia's third album, Something Hot, was massively promoted by Payner. The album has a record speed of sales: in the first week alone more than 10,000 copies sold. The success of the album's first hit was overshadowed by another song; "Sunset and Dawn" came out as a second song from Something Hot. The hit became a folk emblem for 2002, remaining for a long time atop all music charts. Kamelia said, "I'm really proud of 'Sunset and Dawn' because this song turned out to be the biggest hit of the year."The album's third hit was the duet ballad "You Want to Come Back", in which Kamelia sings in Greek with Greek singer Sakis Kukos. The song "You want me to come back" stayed in first place in the viewers' chart of Planeta TV for six weeks. While filming the video for the song in Thessaloniki, a Greek TV journalist called Kamelia the 'Bulgarian Anna Visi'. On 17 November, Kamelia sang in the Oval Hall, London. She turned out to be the most popular singer in a survey conducted among Bulgarian emigrants in the British capital. So many people wanted to see Kamelia live that about 400 people remained outside the hall. 2002 was the most successful in Kamelia's career.In it end, it was clear that Something Hot was the best-selling music product in Bulgaria for the year, regardless of style or company. On 14 February 2004, the album Recharge appeared on the music market. On 10 February, <mask> was a guest on a Planeta TV show, where she appeared with her red hair. There, she repeatedly hinted that she had participated in a swimsuit photoshoot for Playboy and thus reinforced rumours that she would appear in the next issue of the magazine. For the first time in Bulgaria a national tour with the participation of pop-folk performers has been launched. 2005–2012

On 29 June 2005, after a long wait, Kamelia's fourth solo album Ima lyubov was released. It includes the folk song "Three Years".Advertising for the album started on the day of its release. Short excerpts from the songs "Like a living wound", "There is love", "Crazy party to spin" and "Come on it" indicated the potential of the songs on the album. The pilot clip is 'Come on'. At the beginning of the summer, the video for the song "You are in my heart" appeared. Following this was a video of the song "There is Love", which appeared on Planeta TV on 19 January 2006. In February 2007, Kamelia recorded the song and video "Forbidden Zone". At the annual awards of Planeta TV in February she appeared in a dress in the colors of the Bulgarian tricolor.In August, the singer presented the video 'I still love you' and starred in a TV commercial for Polar Bear vodka. At the end of 2007, she traveled to the United States where she toured for two months, mostly in cities with a large concentration of Bulgarian immigrants. In the summer of 2008, Kamelia was part of the 5th national tour Planeta Derby 2008, and in September she became the first Bulgarian artist with a virtual album, created by her fans. At the beginning of October, the video for the song "Fake Skin" was aired on Planeta TV. She marked the end of 2008 with a music tour in Northern Macedonia, where she made several club appearances. In February 2009, the video for the song "Orgasm" was shot. Shortly thereafter she received an offer to become the host of fun-humor show Big mouth, on "Nova TV" which is similar to the reality TV show Big brother.On 23 June 2009, Planeta TV promoted Kamelia's video for the song "Black Blood", and on 30 October promoted the video for the song "You Leave Spots". In early February 2010, Kamelia made the video for the song "How to forget you". In early August 2010 Slava magazine named Kamelia the 'Sexiest Bulgarian Star' in its poll. There followed a video for the song "Sexy", a sort of sequel to "Orgasm". On 28 September of the same year, the song "Drink Me All" was released. In October, the singer took part in BNT's Christmas campaign in support of the children of fallen employees of the Ministry of Interior, where she is the face of the campaign along with TV presenters Spas Kyosev, Tsvetanka Rizova and Konstantin Lungov, as well as an actor Vladimir Karamazov. In early 2011 the video for the song "Erotica" was broadcast on Kamelia's birthday.In February 2011, readers of Bliasak magazine described Kamelia as 'The Sexiest Blonde in Pop-folk'. Apart from Payner, the television operator Bulsatcom promoted a separate 50,000th edition of the 'Project 13' album on its distribution network for two months. After the album there came a video of Kamelia performing song "Monastery". 2012–present

In March 2012, at the annual music awards on Planeta Kamelia TV, Kamelia received a special award for '15 years of musical career' from the company and presented the song "You're doing bad to me". In March 2012 she took part in the comedy series Rakia Sunrise, which is part of the Show of Fame on bTV. In the same year, she became the host of the Miss Bulgaria contest together with the actor Kiril Efremov. In the autumn of 2013, Kamelia was again in the role of a TV presenter.The show she hosted was called Mars and Venus and was broadcast on Nova TV. On 31 March 2014, Kamelia's video for the song "It's Criminal" premiered. This was followed by the duet song "Just for a Minute" by Galin and Kamelia, which premiered on 5 September 2014. On 27 October 2014, the singer left Payner for good. Since then, Kamelia has been presenting herself through her own music company: Kams Production OOD. The first song with a video that she presented in 2015 was "Unique". On 17 September her song "Give It Double" appeared.On Christmas day 2015, Kamelia presented her third song of the year, called "Welcome", for which a video had been made. On 5 August 2016, Kamelia released the song "Minute of Life", which became one of the most successful pop-folk songs in the summer of 2016 with over one million views on video-sharing sites. On 23 November 2016, it was announced that Kamelia would be a mentor in the new season of the Voice of Bulgaria in the spring of 2017. Following the success of the Bigmouth, Kamelia received an offer from the production company No Frame media to host her own social talk show on national television TV7. On 8 February 2017, Kamelia's song titled "Teddy Bear" was released, with Alec. It was presented with a slideshow. On 18 July 2017, Kamelia's song titled "Tease Me" was released, which is a duet with Gamza and became one of the hits of the year.On 7 December 2017, the song "Dolls" was released. Almost a year later, on 23 September 2018, her duet with Sasho Roman "Your Name" was released, and became a hit that has about 10 million views. Six months later she remixed the song. On 28 September, the sequel to "Your Name" is about to be released, again with Sasho Roman, named "Hotel of Sin". Advertisements

In September 2005 she appeared in a TV commercial for the diet coffee 'Vita gold'. In September 2006, she was in a TV commercial for the energy drink Tantra. Discography

Studio albums
Fire Girl (1998)
Goldfish (1999)
Something Hot (2002)
There is love (2005)
Erotica (2010)

Compilations
Kiss Me + Best Collection (2006)
Project 13 (2010)
The Golden Hits of Payner 3 - Kamellia (2012)

Singles
"Where Are You" (2001)
"Recharge" (2004)

Video albums
Kamelia Best Video Selection (2005)

Notes

1971 births
Living people
Bulgarian folk-pop singers
Bulgarian television presenters
Bulgarian women television presenters

masks: Kamelia Kamelia Kamelia Kamelia


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<mask> (, born 25 December 1981) is an ASCAP/PRS Award–winning songwriter/producer and DJ, born in Moscow. He is more commonly known as <mask> and is of Armenian descent. One of the creators of the band t.A.T.u., he wrote and produced their first four singles All the Things She Said, Not Gonna Get Us, 30 Minutes, and Show Me Love. He also wrote and produced many other tracks for their first, second and third albums. <mask> has also worked with Keith Flint (The Prodigy), Marilyn Manson, Jennifer Lopez, Valeriya, Clea Halsey and Alsou (on 19). He married t.A.T.u. 's PR manager, Sasha Tityanko, after working on t.A.T.u.'s second album, but they divorced soon after. <mask> is currently concentrating on his solo DJ project under the name of <mask>, which features various vocalists and songwriters from around the world. Discography

As an artist

Singles
 2010: Everything - <mask> (feat. Nire' Alldai)
 2011: Knowing You - <mask> (feat. Tamra Keenan)
 2011: Break The Night In Two - <mask> (feat. Antonio)
 2011: Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish - <mask>
 2012: Paradise - <mask> (feat. Lena Katina)

As a composer/producer
 2001: Ya Soshla S Uma (Я Сошла С Ума) (I've Lost My Mind) - t.A.T.u.2001: Nas Ne Dogonyat (Нас Не Догонят) (Not Gonna Get Us) - t.A.T.u. 2001: 30 Minut (30 Минут) (30 Minutes) (also called Polchasa) - t.A.T.u. 2001: Ya Tvoya Ne Pervaya (Я Твоя Не Первая) (I Am Not Your First) (also called Pokazhi Mne Lyubov) - t.A.T.u. 2001: Mal'chik-Gey (Mальчик-Гей) (Gay Boy) - t.A.T.u. 2002: Not Gonna Get Us - t.A.T.u. 2002: All the Things She Said - t.A.T.u. 2002: Show Me Love - t.A.T.u.2002: 30 Minutes - t.A.T.u. 2002: Malchik Gay - t.A.T.u. 2002: Ya Soshla S Uma - t.A.T.u. 2002: Nas Ne Dogonyat - t.A.T.u. 2005: Cosmos (Outer Space) – t.A.T.u. 2005: Sacrifice – t.A.T.u. 2005: Perfect Enemy – t.A.T.u.2005: Vsya Moya Lyubov (Вся Моя Любовь) – t.A.T.u. 2008: Marsianskie Glaza (Марсианские Глаза) (Martian Eyes) – t.A.T.u. 2008: Wild - Valeriya
 2008: Break it All - Valeriya
 2008: I Know - Valeriya
 2008: Out of Control - Valeriya
 2008: Love Sick - Valeriya
 2008: Here I Am - Valeriya
 2008: No One - Valeriya
 2008: There I’ll Be - Valeriya
 2008: Where Are You? - Valeriya
 2008: Romantic - Valeriya
 2013: Paradise — Lena Katina
 2013: Kosmos — Vintage
 2019: Nightmare — Halsey

Remixes
 2001: Ya Soshla S Uma (Sergio Galoyan Mix) - t.A.T.u. 2002: Dozhd (<mask>yan Mix) - Alsou
 2003: I'm Glad (<mask>yan Mix) - Jennifer Lopez
 2004: Download It (<mask> Dance Edit) - Clea (band)
 2005: This Is the New *hit (<mask>yan Mix) - Marilyn Manson
 2006: No Numbers (<mask>yan Version) - Keith Flint
 2010: Love Dealer (<mask>yan Mix) - Justin Timberlake Feat. Song "Wild" was awarded 21st Place in the American Chart "Billboard" and 11th Place in the British Chart "Music Week"
	2008	Russia/ Release of Single Song "Break It All" performed by Valeria  Top 5 songs in Russia
	2008	Russia/Release of Single Song "I Know" performed by Valeria Top Ten Songs in Russia
	2008	Viva Channel Germany #3 For "All the Things She Said" in The biggest hits ever
	2009	 Received Medal "Talent and Calling" by "International Alliance  Peacemaker" Organization
	2010	Russia/Produced a Single Song "Noch" performed by Jasmin Top Ten Songs in Russia on TV and Radio
	2011	Eastern Europe/Single Song "Sergio Galayan feat. Nire Alldai – "Everything" Top Five on Radio and TV in Russia, Ukraine and Eastern Europe
	2011	Received Medal 2nd Degree for "Talent and Calling" by "International Alliance Peacemaker" Organization
	2011	Received Medal from "Emperor Society of Russia" Organization as a Recognition of Artistic Talent
	2012	United States/Release of Song "Sergio Galayan feat.Tamra  Keenan – Knowing You" in the United States and Rotating on the several radio channels in the United States
	2014 	Olympic Committee of Russian Federation Selected Song "Nas Ne Dogonyat" as Anthem of Russian Olympic Team. Song was played during Opening of Olympic Games in Sochi and During Introduction of the Russian Olympic Team

The same song was selected as an anthem for Russian Olympic Team during the Paralympic Games in Sochi. The same song was selected as an anthem for Russian Hockey Team during International Championships. References

External links

 <mask>'s Official Site
 <mask>'s Official Twitter
 <mask>'s Recordproduction.com video interview
 <mask>'s Resolution magazine interview
 Сергей Галоян - начало творческой карьеры...

1981 births
Living people
Russian record producers
Russian people of Armenian descent
T.A.T.u. Musicians from Moscow
Russian male composers

masks:
Sergey Galoyan
Sergio Galoyan
Galoyan
Galoyan
Sergio Galoyan
Sergio Galoyan
Sergio Galoyan
Sergio Galoyan
Sergio Galoyan
Sergio Galoyan
Sergio Galo
Sergio Galo
Sergio
Sergio Galo
Sergio Galo
Sergio Galo
Sergio Galoyan
Sergio Galoyan
Galoyan
Galoyan


text_chunks:
<mask><mask> II (born August 20, 1970) is an American computer programmer and video game developer. He co-founded the video game company id Software and was the lead programmer of its 1990s games Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Quake, and their sequels. Carmack made innovations in 3D computer graphics, such as his Carmack's Reverse algorithm for shadow volumes. In 2013, he resigned from id to work full-time at Oculus VR, where he served as CTO and later Consulting CTO in 2019. Biography

Early life
Carmack was born in Shawnee Mission, Kansas, the son of local television news reporter <mask>. He grew up in the Kansas City metropolitan area, where he became interested in computers at an early age. He attended Shawnee Mission East High School in Prairie Village, Kansas and Raytown South High School in nearby Raytown, Missouri.<mask> was introduced to video games with the 1978 shoot 'em up game Space Invaders in the arcades during a summer vacation as a child. The 1980 maze chase arcade game Pac-Man also left a strong impression on him. He cited Nintendo designer Shigeru Miyamoto as the game developer he most admired. As reported in David Kushner's Masters of Doom, when Carmack was 14, he broke into a school to help a group of children steal Apple II computers. To gain entry to the building, Carmack concocted a sticky substance of thermite mixed with Vaseline that melted through the windows. However, an overweight accomplice struggled to get through the hole and instead opened the window, setting off a silent alarm and alerting police. Carmack was arrested and sent for psychiatric evaluation.He was sentenced to a year in a juvenile home. He attended the University of Missouri–Kansas City for two semesters before withdrawing to work as a freelance programmer. Career
Softdisk, a computer company in Shreveport, Louisiana, hired Carmack to work on Softdisk G-S (an Apple IIGS publication), introducing him to <mask> and other future key members of id Software such as <mask> (not related). Later, Softdisk would place this team in charge of a new, but short-lived, bi-monthly game subscription product called  Gamer's Edge for the IBM PC (DOS) platform. In 1990, while still at Softdisk, <mask>, Romero, and others created the first of the Commander Keen games, a series that was published by Apogee Software, under the shareware distribution model, from 1991 onwards. Afterwards, Carmack left Softdisk to co-found id Software. Carmack has pioneered or popularized the use of many techniques in computer graphics, including "adaptive tile refresh" for Commander Keen, ray casting for Hovertank 3D, Catacomb 3-D, and Wolfenstein 3D, binary space partitioning which Doom became the first game to use, surface caching which he invented for Quake, Carmack's Reverse (formally known as z-fail stencil shadows) which he devised for Doom 3, and MegaTexture technology, first used in Enemy Territory: Quake Wars.Quake 3 popularized the fast inverse square root algorithm. Carmack's engines have also been licensed for use in other influential first-person shooters such as Half-Life, Call of Duty and Medal of Honor. In 2007, when Carmack was on vacation with his wife, he ended up playing some games on his cellphone, and decided he was going to make a "good" mobile game. On August 7, 2013, <mask> joined Oculus VR as their CTO. On November 22, 2013, he resigned from id Software to work full-time at Oculus VR. <mask>'s reason for leaving was that id's parent company ZeniMax Media did not want to support Oculus Rift. <mask>'s role at both companies later became central to a ZeniMax lawsuit against Oculus' parent company, Facebook, claiming that Oculus stole ZeniMax's virtual reality intellectual property.The trial jury absolved <mask>ck stated that he and ZeniMax reached an agreement and that "Zenimax has fully satisfied their obligations to me", ending the suit. On November 13, 2019, <mask> announced that he was stepping down from the Oculus CTO role to become a "Consulting CTO" in order to allocate more time to his work on artificial general intelligence (AGI). Armadillo Aerospace

Around 2000, Carmack became interested in rocketry, a hobby of his youth. Reviewing how much money he was spending on customizing Ferraris, He began by giving financial support to a few local amateur engineers. Carmack funded the company, called Armadillo Aerospace, out of his own pocket, for "something north of a million dollars a year."The company of hobbyists made steady progress toward their goals of suborbital space flight and eventual orbital vehicles. In October 2008, Armadillo Aerospace competed in a NASA contest known as the Lunar Lander Challenge, winning first place in the Level 1 competition along with $350,000. In September 2009, they completed Level 2 and were awarded $500,000. The company went into "hibernation mode" in 2013. Open-source software
Carmack is a well-known advocate of open-source software, and has repeatedly voiced his opposition to software patents, equating them to robbery. He has also contributed to open-source projects, such as starting the initial port of the X Window System to Mac OS X Server and working to improve the OpenGL drivers for Linux through the Utah GLX project. Carmack released the source code for Wolfenstein 3D in 1995 and the Doom source code in 1997.When the source code to Quake was leaked and circulated among the Quake community underground in 1996, a programmer unaffiliated with id Software used it to port Quake to Linux, and subsequently sent the patches to Carmack. Instead of pursuing legal action, id Software, at Carmack's behest, used the patches as the foundation for a company-sanctioned Linux port. id Software has since publicly released the source code to Quake, Quake 2, Quake 3 and lastly Doom 3 (and later the BFG Edition), all under the GNU General Public License (GPL). The Doom source code was also re-released under the GPL in 1999. The id Tech 4 engine, more commonly known as the "Doom 3 engine", has also been released as open-source license under the GPL. The source code for Hovertank 3D and Catacomb 3D (as well as Carmack's earlier Catacomb) was released in June 2014 by Flat Rock Software with Carmack's blessing. On the other hand, Carmack has several times over the years voiced a skeptical opinion about Linux as a gaming platform; for instance in 2013 he argued for emulation as the "proper technical direction for gaming on Linux" and in 2014 he voiced the opinion that Linux might be the biggest problem for the success of the Steam Machine.Carmack contributes to charities and gaming communities. Some of the recipients of <mask>'s charitable contributions include his former high school, promoters of open-source software, opponents of software patents, and game enthusiasts. Personal life
Carmack was so successful at id that by mid-1994 he had purchased two Ferraris: a 328 and a Ferrari Testarossa. In 1997, he gave away one of his Ferraris (a 328 model) as a prize to Dennis Fong, the winner of the Quake tournament "Red Annihilation". He met his  [at-that-time] wife, Katherine Anna Kang, at the 1997 QuakeCon when she visited id's offices. As a bet, Kang challenged Carmack to sponsor the first All Female Quake Tournament if she was able to produce a significant number of participants. Carmack predicted a maximum of 25 participants, but there were 1,500.<mask> and Kang married on January 1, 2000, and planned a ceremony in Hawaii. Steve Jobs requested that they would postpone the ceremony so he could attend the MacWorld Expo on January 5, 2000. Carmack declined and suggested making a video instead. Carmack and his wife had a son in 2004. Carmack has a blog last updated in 2006 (previously a .plan), an active Twitter account, and also occasionally posts comments to Slashdot. Carmack changed his married status to divorced on December 30, 2021  He changed it to 'in a relationship' on February 24th, 2022. As a game developer, Carmack differed from many of his contemporaries by avoiding commitment to a final release date for any game he was developing.Instead, when asked for a release date on a new game, Carmack would usually reply that the game would be released "when it's done". In 2019, as a guest on the Joe Rogan podcast, Carmack stated that his beliefs have changed over time: "I largely recant from that now." On Rage 6-year development time he says: "I think we should have done whatever it would have taken to ship it 2 years earlier". Carmack also reflects on the internal development of Quake in this regard and describes it as "traumatic" and says id Software could have split the game into two parts and shipped it earlier. Employees at Apogee, in their past years the publishers of games by id Software, adopted this business practice as well. Carmack supported the 2012 presidential campaign of Libertarian Ron Paul. Carmack is an atheist.During a conversation with Joe Rogan, Carmack revealed that he had trained Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and Judo for several years as a hobby. During his time at id Software, a medium pepperoni pizza would arrive for Carmack from Domino's Pizza almost every day, carried by the same delivery person for more than 15 years. Carmack had been such a regular customer that they continued to charge him 1995 prices. On occasion he has commended the efforts of similarly focused programmers – first Ken Silverman, who wrote the Build engine for 3D Realms, and later with Tim Sweeney of Epic Games, who wrote the Unreal Engine. Recognition
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! width="10% | Date !! width="30%" class="unsortable" | Award !!width="60%" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
|
| Named among the most influential people in computer gaming of the year and of all time
| #1 and #2 in GameSpots lists. |-
|
|Named among the most influential people of all time
|#7 in Computer Gaming World list, for game design. |-
|
| Named among the 50 most influential people in technology
| #10 in Time'''s list. |-
|
| Award for community contribution for the Quake 3 engine
| Used in 12 games. Bestowed at 2001 Game Developer's Conference Award Ceremony. |-
|
| Inducted into Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences' Hall of Fame
| The fourth person to be inducted, an honor bestowed upon those who have made revolutionary and innovative achievements in the video and computer game industry. |-
|
| Named to the MIT Technology Review TR100
| Included as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.|-
|
| One subject of book Masters of Doom| Masters of Doom is a chronicle of id Software and its founders. |-
|
| Name in film
| The film Doom featured a character named Dr. Carmack, in recognition of Carmack who co-created the original game. |-
|
| Added to the Walk of Game
| Walk of Game is an event that recognizes the developers and games with the most impact on the industry. |-
|
| Awarded 2 Emmy Awards
| <mask> and id Software were awarded with two Emmy Awards. The first was Science, Engineering & Technology for Broadcast Television, which includes broadcast, cable and satellite distribution. The second was for Science, Engineering and Technology for Broadband and Personal Television, encompassing interactive television, gaming technology, and for the first time, the Internet, cell phones, private networks, and personal media players. id Software is the first independent game developer to be awarded an Emmy since the Academy began honoring technology innovation in 1948.|-
|
| Television appearance
| Appeared on Discovery Channel Canada Daily Planet featuring his rocket designs along with the Armadillo Aerospace team. |-
|
| Honored
| <mask> was honored at the 59th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for Quake's pioneering role of user modifiability. He is the only game programmer ever honored twice by the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, having been given an Emmy Award in 2007 for his creation of the 3D technology that underlies modern shooter video games. Along with Don Daglow of Stormfront Studios and Mike Morhaime of Blizzard Entertainment, <mask>'s Armadillo Aerospace won the $350,000 Level One X-Prize Lunar Lander Challenge. |-
|
| Lifetime Achievement Award
| Was awarded the Game Developers Conference Lifetime Achievement award for his work. |-
|
|BAFTA Fellowship Award
|Honoured with the Academy's highest honour, the Fellowship for "work that has consistently been at the cutting edge of games and his technical expertise helping the future arrive that little bit faster".|-
|
|Honorary Doctorate
|Received a Doctor of Engineering Honoris Causa from the University of Missouri, Kansas City for "his work in cutting edge tech & comp sci". |}

Games

References

Further reading
 Kushner, David (2003). Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture'', New York: Random House.  . External links

1970 births
Living people
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century atheists
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century atheists
Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame inductees
American aerospace businesspeople
American aerospace designers
American aerospace engineers
American atheists
American computer businesspeople
American male bloggers
American bloggers
American software engineers
American technology chief executives
American technology company founders
American video game designers
American video game programmers
Businesspeople from Kansas
Businesspeople from Texas
BAFTA fellows
Emmy Award winners
Facebook employees
Free software programmers
Id Software people
People from Heath, Texas
People from Johnson County, Kansas
Texas Libertarians
Virtual reality pioneers
Game Developers Conference Lifetime Achievement Award recipients

masks:
John D
. Carmack
Stan Carmack
Carmack
John Romero
Adrian Carmack
Carmack
Carmack
Carmack
Carmack
Carmackmackma
Carmack
Carmack
Carmack
Carmack
Carmack
Carmackmack


text_chunks:
<mask> (October 30, 1925 - February 25, 2014) was a Venezuelan businessman whose financial empire of banks and insurance agencies collapsed in 1994 and was subsequently convicted and imprisoned in the United States. From Communist to capitalist
He was born in Havana, Cuba, in 1925, and became active in politics. He was head of a wing of Cuba’s Communist Party until after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, when he allegedly quarrelled with <mask> and left the country. He moved to Venezuela, where he became an insurance salesman. He was successful at this, and rose to control a conglomerate of insurance companies, banks, real estate, radio stations and newspapers. He was reputed to be one of the wealthiest men in Venezuela. His Grupo Empresas Latinoamericanas included the Banco Progreso in Venezuela, the Banco Progreso Internacional de Puerto Rico, and the Banco Latinoamericana in the Dominican Republic.The fight over Banco de Venezuela
In 1990, he bought a large block of shares in the prestigious Banco de Venezuela (BdV), a bastion of Caracas's old-money elite, and tried to get on its board of directors. However, according to <mask>, he was never accepted in exclusive political and economic circles and was considered unfit by the Venezuelan elite to lead the country’s most important banking institution. At a stockholders' meeting, when <mask> wanted a seat on the board, BdV's chairman suspended the meeting and muffled <mask>'s protest by shutting off his microphone. <mask> now attempted a hostile takeover of BdV, which was bitterly contested by BdV's management. He worked through his subsidiary Grupo Progreso Latinoamericana, supported by Banco Consolidado of José Alvarez Stelling, and  Grupo Banco Unión. A small group of shareholders, all members of the Caracas Country Club, joined with the Banco Provincial, the powerful industrial group Grupo Polar, and Finalven to oppose the takeover. BdV hired Thor Halvorssen Hellum, Special Commissioner for International Narcotic Affairs in the administration of President Carlos Andrés Pérez, to investigate rumors of money laundering by <mask>.Halvorssen concluded that <mask> was laundering drug money and was involved in other financial irregularities. He gave his information to friendly members of the Venezuelan Congress, who had parliamentary immunity. <mask>’s allies started a media campaign to discredit Halvorssen. Money laundering accusations
In March 1991, after the allegations of money laundering were made public, the US Customs Service froze Banco Progreso accounts at Bank of America International in New York City. <mask> employed his business associate Charles Intriago to counter the allegations. Intriago was <mask>’s principal legal advisors on matters related to the United States. <mask> had provided US$80,000 in start-up capital for Intriago’s newsletter Money Laundering Alert.Intriago eventually got US Customs to release the accounts. Intriago used his government connections to purge law enforcement files of information linking <mask>ago found that some US$4 billion had passed through a Castro account in New York. He gave this information to US Customs agents and was fired by Intriago. New York District Attorney Robert Morgenthau linked Castro to 3,500 offshore corporations in Aruba, Curaçao, and elsewhere.The US$4 billion was never tied definitively to drug trafficking. On the instigation of Intriago – who was a Democratic National Committee trustee – <mask> contributed US$50,000 to the Democratic Party. He attended the January 1993 inauguration of US President Clinton and received red carpet treatment from the Clinton Administration. The donation was reimbursed by one of <mask>'s Venezuelan companies, making the contributions illegal under US law. US conviction and imprisonment
In 1994, the Venezuelan banking system collapsed – after the breakdown of President Perez’s regime in 1993 and the failure of Banco Latino, the second largest bank in the country. <mask>'s enterprises also failed. <mask> fled to the US and settled in Miami.Venezuelan banking regulators seized Banco Progreso in December 1994. <mask> was later charged in absentia by the Venezuelan government with bank fraud, embezzlement, and conspiracy. Banco Progreso losses neared US$2.2 billion and dragged down three more banks controlled by <mask>. On April 4, 1996, <mask>  was indicted in New York by District Attorney Morgenthau, along with his son, <mask> <mask>, and grandson <mask> Barredo, on charges of a scheme to defraud in the first degree. The three <mask>s were convicted on grand larceny charges on February 19, 1997. In April of that year he was sentenced to a term of one to three years in prison. The larceny was defrauding depositors of Banco Progreso International de Puerto Rico of as much as US$55 million.His crime also cost the government of Venezuela more than US$8 million. <mask> served 25 months in prison, then voluntarily returned to Venezuela. In 2007, <mask> convicted of criminal libel against Miguel Henrique Otero, the director of newspaper El Nacional He was sentenced to two months imprisonment. However, by Venezuelan laws, he was granted parole for being older than 65 years. References

External links
 Index of articles, <mask> <mask>, Ashenoff and Associates, Inc. The New York criminal case of <mask> Llanos,  Ashenoff and Associates, Inc.

1925 births
2014 deaths
Venezuelan businesspeople
Cuban emigrants to Venezuela
Venezuelan people imprisoned abroad
Prisoners and detainees of New York (state)
Corruption in Venezuela
People from Havana
Communist Party of Cuba politicians

masks:
Orlando Castro Llanes
Fidel Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro Llanes
Castro Llanetri
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Orlando Castro
Castro
Jorge Castro
Castro
Castro Llanes
Castro
Orlando Castro
Llanes
Orlando Castro


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<mask> "Lock" <mask> (October 28, 1891 – August 2, 1920) was an American daredevil stunt pilot and film actor. His popular flying circus caught the attention of Hollywood, and he starred in The Great Air Robbery (1919), a screenplay about the mid-air piracy of a US airmail plane. In his next film, The Skywayman, the plane crashed during a climactic dive, when the lighting team supposedly failed to douse the lights on cue, so Locklear was dazzled and flew blindly into the ground, dying instantly with his co-pilot Milton "Skeets" Elliott. The scene remained on the film. Early life
Born in Greenville, Texas, Locklear was raised in Fort Worth. In 1911, Locklear met Calbraith Perry Rodgers, who landed his plane in Fort Worth to unclog a fuel line. After meeting Rodgers, Locklear became fascinated with aviation and airplanes.Shortly thereafter, Locklear and his brother constructed their own glider. Upon completing his education, Locklear went to work as a carpenter. Flying career
In October 1917, Locklear joined the U.S. Army Air Service. He trained in Austin, at Camp Dick and Barron Field, becoming a flying instructor. Locklear was an exponent of wing walking to make aircraft repairs in flight. A second lieutenant at the end of the World War I, Locklear had been assigned to military recruitment when he saw a barnstorming show and realized his own usual flying exploits were far more impressive. After briefly reenlisting, Locklear left the Army in 1919, along with two military colleagues, Milton "Skeets" Elliott and Shirley Short.With manager and promoter William Pickens, they soon obtained aircraft and formed the "Locklear Flying Circus". Pickens had a great deal of experience promoting barnstormers, with Locklear being his greatest success. Both men became wealthy and lived in high style. His trademark stunt of jumping from one aircraft to another led Locklear to perfect a transfer from a car, and then the "Dance of Death," in which two pilots in two aircraft, would switch places in midair. On April 7, 1920, Locklear was flying in the city of Los Angeles, California, where he was issued the first aviation law violation for reckless aerial driving. He was fined $25.00 ($ in ). Film career

The Locklear Flying Circus performed throughout the United States.When they came to the attention of Hollywood, Pickens arranged for Locklear to appear as a stunt man in film work. This opened the way to a movie career in California for Locklear, now considered the foremost "aviation stunt man in the world". Carl Laemmle, head of Universal Pictures, agreed to purchase all of Locklear's future air show dates in July 1919 in order to have him on contract for a proposed two-film series. Locklear was signed to star in The Great Air Robbery, a film depicting pilots flying air mail. Principal photography for The Great Air Robbery began in July 1919 at DeMille Field 1, Los Angeles, California, owned by producer Cecil B. DeMille. Besides being used as a base for flying, Locklear's Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" aircraft was also mounted on a raised wooden platform at the airfield in order to film closeups. The Great Air Robbery was primarily an opportunity to showcase the aerial stunts that had made Locklear famous.The studio promotion was extensive, with Laemmle declaring the film was "... the most amazing and unbelievable photodrama of all time." The promotional campaign included a premiere at the Superba Theatre in Los Angeles, and a two-month personal appearance tour with Locklear. Reviews were generally favourable, as The Great Air Robbery was the first of a cycle of postwar films dealing with the exploits of stunt pilots. The New York Times review focused on the exciting elements of the film. "Lieutenant Locklear swings from one airplane to another and crawls out on the tail of a flying machine several thousand feet, presumably, above the earth. The melodrama's use of airplanes for midnight mail deliveries, highway, or rather highair, robberies, and battles between the forces of law and lawlessness adds excitement." Although The Great Air Robbery was a commercial success, Laemmle did not take up the option for a second film starring Locklear, prompting his $25,000 lawsuit against Universal.Unwilling to go back to the air show circuit, Locklear wanted to continue his Hollywood career, and in April 1920, he was signed to star in The Skywayman (1920). Principal photography on The Skywayman began on June 11, 1920, with DeMille Field 2 as the main base of operations. Despite Locklear's public claim that new stunts "more daring ever filmed" would be involved, the production would rely heavily on models and less on actual stunt flying. Two stunts, a church steeple being toppled by Locklear's aircraft and an aircraft-to-train transfer were both problematic and nearly ended in disaster. Personal life

Locklear married Ruby Graves in 1915. The marriage was largely unhappy as Graves and Locklear had vastly different personalities. They  separated in 1919 after Locklear moved to Los Angeles to pursue a film career.Despite the marriage being an unhappy one, Graves refused to grant Locklear a divorce. They remained legally married until Locklear's death. While separated from Graves, Locklear met widowed silent film actress
Viola Dana. They began a relationship and were engaged at the time of Locklear's death. Dana witnessed the plane crash that killed Locklear. She was so traumatized by the event that she refused to fly for the next 25 years. In 1980, Dana recalled her relationship with Locklear and also spoke about his fatal crash in the documentary Hollywood.Death
The last stunt scheduled for filming for The Skywayman was a nighttime spin, initially to take place in daylight with cameras fitted with red filters to simulate darkness. Locklear, under a lot of pressure, with not only his family life being in upheaval but also learning that studio head William Fox was not going to extend his contract beyond one film, demanded that he be allowed to fly at night. The studio relented, and on August 2, 1920, publicity surrounding the stunt led to a large crowd gathering to witness the filming of the unusual stunt. Large studio arc lights were set up on DeMille Field 2 to illuminate the Curtiss "Jenny", to be doused as the aircraft entered its final spin. The dive towards some oil derricks was to make it appear that the airplane crashed beside the oil well. As arranged, Locklear had forewarned the lighting crew to douse their lights when he got near the derricks so that he could see to pull out of the dive, saying that "When you take the lights off, I'll know where I am and I can come out of it." After completing a series of aerial maneuvers, Locklear signaled that he would descend.In front of spectators and film crew, Locklear and his long-time flying partner "Skeets" Elliot crashed heavily into the sludge pool of an oil well, never pulling out of the incipient spin. The crash resulted in a massive explosion and fire, with Locklear and Elliot dying instantly. After the accident, speculation revolved around the five arc lights that had remained fully on, possibly blinding the flight crew. With the entire film already completed except for the night scene, Fox made the decision to capitalize on the fatal crash by rushing The Skywayman into post-production and release. With notices proclaiming "Every Inch Of Film Showing Locklear's Spectacular (And Fatal) Last Flight. His Death-Defying Feats And A Close Up Of His Spectacular Crash To Earth," the film premiered in Los Angeles on September 5, 1920. The advertising campaign that accompanied the film was very similar to that of Locklear's first feature film, focusing on his earlier exploits and combining model displays and exhibition flights across North America to coincide with the film's release.Upon the film's release, Fox Film Corporation publicly announced that 10% of the profits would go to the families of Locklear and Elliot. Locklear is buried at Greenwood Cemetery in Fort Worth, Texas. Legacy

Locklear was reputed to be the prototype for the character of Waldo Pepper, played by Robert Redford in The Great Waldo Pepper (1975). Viola Dana was an honored guest at the premiere of the film. Notes

References

Bibliography

 Farmer, James H. Celluloid Wings: The Impact of Movies on Aviation. Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania: Tab Books Inc., 1984. .
 Golden, Eve. Golden Images: 41 Essays on Silent Film Stars.McFarland, 2000. .
 Hatfield, D. D. Los Angeles Aeronautics 1920-29. Inglewood, California: Northrop University Press, 1973. ASIN B0006CB8ZI
 Nichols, Michael. Lost Fort Worth. The History Press, 2014. .
 Paris, Michael. From the Wright Brothers to Top Gun: Aviation, Nationalism, and Popular Cinema. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1995. .
 Pendo, Stephen.Aviation in the Cinema. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1985. .
 Ronnie, Art. Locklear: The Man Who Walked on Wings. Cranbury, New Jersey: A.S. Barnes and Company, 1973. Wynne, H. Hugh. The Motion Picture Stunt Pilots and Hollywood's Classic Aviation Movies. Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1987. .External links

 Still of Ormer Locklear, promotional tour for The Great Air Robbery, University of North Texas

1891 births
1920 deaths
20th-century American male actors
Accidental deaths in California
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
United States Army Air Service pilots of World War I
American stunt performers
Aviators from Texas
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Barnstormers
Burials in Texas
Filmed deaths of entertainers
Male actors from Fort Worth, Texas
People from Greenville, Texas
Stunt pilots
United States Army officers
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1920
Military personnel from Texas

masks:
Ormer Leslie
Locklear


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<mask> (16 March 1912, in Dresden – 15 December 1997, in Hinterzarten) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to nuclear physics and the theoretical basis for nuclear weapons. He worked on the German nuclear energy project. From 1941 onward he was a lecturer at several German universities, and from 1956 to 1984, editor of the 54-volume, prestigious Handbuch der Physik. Education

From 1929 to 1933, Flügge studied physics at the Technische Hochschule Dresden (after 1961, the Dresden University of Technology) and the Georg-August University of Göttingen. He received his doctorate at the latter, under Max Born, in 1933. Career

From 1933 to 1935, he was a teaching assistant at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. From 1936 to 1937, he was a teaching assistant to Werner Heisenberg at the University of Leipzig.From 1937 to 1942, as successor to Max Delbrück, Flügge was an assistant to Otto Hahn at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Chemie (KWIC, after World War II reorganized and renamed the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry), in Berlin-Dahlem. In 1938, Flügge completed his Habilitation at the Technische Hochschule München (today, the Technical University of Munich). In December 1938, the German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann sent a manuscript to Naturwissenschaften reporting they had detected the element barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons; simultaneously, they communicated these results to Lise Meitner, who had in July of that year fled to The Netherlands and then went to Sweden. Meitner, and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch, correctly interpreted these results as being nuclear fission. Frisch confirmed this experimentally on 13 January 1939. Flügge and Gottfried von Droste, an assistant to Meitner, independently also predicted a large energy release from nuclear fission. Also in 1939, Flügge published two influential articles on the exploitation of nuclear energy.From then he worked on the German nuclear energy project; collaborators on aspects of this project were for a time known collectively as the Uranverein (Uranium Club). Some with whom he collaborated were Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Fritz Houtermans on the theoretical basis of the Uranmaschine (literally uranium machine, i.e., nuclear reactor). Flügge also extended  Niels Bohr’s and J. A. Wheeler’s theory of nuclear fission published in 1939. The papers by Flügge on the exploitation of nuclear energy were an impetus for action. For example, the Auergesellschaft had a substantial amount of “waste” uranium from which it had extracted radium. After reading Flügge’s paper in Die Naturwissenschaften on the technical use of nuclear energy from uranium, Nikolaus Riehl, the scientific director at Auergesellschaft, recognized a business opportunity for the company.In July 1939, he went to the Heereswaffenamt (HWA, Army Ordnance Office) to discuss the production of uranium. The HWA was interested. In 1940, on the initiative of Rudolf Tomaschek, despite Wilhelm Müller’s objection, Flügge lectured at the Technische Hochschule München on theoretical physics during the winter semester. From 1941, he was a lecturer at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (today, the Humboldt University of Berlin). In 1944, Flügge was an ordinarius professor at the University of Königsberg. From 1945 to 1947, he took a position at his alma mater, the University of Göttingen. From 1947 to 1949, he had a position at the Philipps-Universität Marburg.From 1949 to 1950, he was a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and in 1953 at the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University). Later, he was at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. From 1956 to 1984, Flügge was editor of the 54-volume, prestigious Handbuch der Physik (Encyclopedia of Physics) published by Springer-Verlag. Internal report

The following reports were published in Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics), an internal publication of the German Uranverein. The reports were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany.The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics. <mask> Flügge Zur spontanene Spaltung von Uran und seinen nachbarelementen G-140 (27 January 1942)
Kurt Sauerwein and <mask> Flügge Untersuchungen I und II über den Resonanzeinfang von Neutronen beim Uran G-185 (28 January 1942)

Family
He was the younger brother of Wilhelm Flügge. Selected publications

Articles
<mask> Flügge Kann der Energieinhalt der Atomkerne technisch nutzbar gemacht werden?, Die Naturwissenschaften Volume 27, Issues 23/24, 402–410 (9 June 1939). <mask> Flügge Die Ausnutzung der Atomenergie. Vom Laboratoriumsversuch zur Uranmaschine – Forschungsergebnisse in Dahlem, Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung No. 387, Supplement (15 August 1939). English translation: Document #74 <mask> Flügge: Exploiting Atomic Energy.From the Laboratory Experiment to the Uranium Machine – Research Results in Dahlem [August 15, 1939] in Hentschel, Klaus (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996) pp 197–206. [This article is Flügge's popularized version of the June 1939 article in Die Naturwissenschaften.] <mask> Flügge and Gottfried von Droste Energetische Betrachtungen zu der Entstehung von Barium bei der Neutronenbestrahlung von Uran, Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie B Volume 4, 274–280 (1939). Received on 22 January 1939. Books

Erwin Madelung, Karl Böhle, and <mask> Flügge Mathematischen Hilfsmittel des Physikers (Mathematical Tools for the Physicist), Dritte vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage) (Dover, 1943)
Walther Bothe and <mask> Flügge. Nuclear Physics and Cosmic Rays: FIAT Review of German Science 1939-1946. 2 volumes.230; 198 pages. (Office of Military Government for Germany, 1948)
<mask> Flügge Theoretische Optik. Die Entwicklung einer physikalischen Theorie (Wolfenbüttler Verlagsanstalt, 1948)
Siegfried Flügge Bücher der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften (Wolfenbutteler-Verlags-Anstalt, 1948)
<mask> Flügge and Hans Marschall Rechenmethoden Der Quantentheorie (Springer Verlag, 1952)
<mask> Flügge and Hans Marschall Rechenmethoden der Quantentheorie. Dargestellt in Aufgaben und Lösungen. Erster Teil: Elementare Quantenmechanik. (Springer-Verlag, 1952)
<mask> Flügge Handbuch der Physik. Bd.7. 1. Kristallphysik 1 (Springer Verlag, 1955)
<mask> Flügge Handbuch der Physik. Bd. 1. Mathematische Methoden 1 (Springer Verlag, 1956)
<mask> Flügge Lehrbuch der Theoretischen Physik (in 5 Bänden). Band 1: Einführung - Elementare Mechanik und Kontinuumsphysik.(Springer, 1961)
<mask> Flügge Lehrbuch der Theoretischen Physik. Bd. III: Klassische Physik II. Das Maxwellsche Feld. Bln. (Springer, 1961)
<mask> Flügge Lehrbuch der Theoretischen Physik (in 5 Bänden). Band 4: Quantentheorie I.(Springer, 1964)
Siegfried Flügge Rechenmethoden der Quantentheorie;Elementare Quantenmechanik - Dargestellt in Aufgaben und Lösungen (Springer Verlag, 1965)
Siegfried Flügge Lehrbuch der Theoretischen Physik Band II - Klassische Physik I Mechanik Der Geordneten und Ungeordneten Bewegungen (Springer, 1967)
Siegfried Flügge Wege und Ziele der modernen Physik. (Schulz Freiburg, 1969)
Siegfried Flügge Practical Quantum Mechanics - Volume 1 and Volume 2 (Springer, 1971)
Siegfried Flügge Wege und Ziele der Physik (Springer-Verlag, 1974)
Siegfried Flügge Practical Quantum Mechanics (Springer, 1998)

Notes

References
Bernstein, Jeremy Hitler’s Uranium Club: The Secret Recording’s at Farm Hall (Copernicus, 2001)
Hentschel, Klaus (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996)
Riehl, Nikolaus and Frederick Seitz Stalin’s Captive: Nikolaus Riehl and the Soviet Race for the Bomb (American Chemical Society and the Chemical Heritage Foundations, 1996) . Walker, Mark German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949 (Cambridge, 1993)

External links
The Atomkeller-Museum at Haigerloch – Waymarking.com

1912 births
1997 deaths
20th-century German physicists
Scientists from Dresden
University of Göttingen alumni
University of Göttingen faculty
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
Technical University of Munich faculty
University of Königsberg faculty
University of Marburg faculty
University of Freiburg faculty
Nuclear program of Nazi Germany

masks:
Siegfried Flügge
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried
Siegfried


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<mask>-Bresson (; 22 August 1908 – 3 August 2004) was a French humanist photographer considered a master of candid photography, and an early user of 35 mm film. He pioneered the genre of street photography, and viewed photography as capturing a decisive moment. Cartier-Bresson was one of the founding members of Magnum Photos in 1947. In the 1970s he took up drawing—he had studied painting in the 1920s. Early life
<mask>-Bresson was born in Chanteloup-en-Brie, Seine-et-Marne, France, the oldest of five children. His father was a wealthy textile manufacturer, whose Cartier-Bresson thread was a staple of French sewing kits. His mother's family were cotton merchants and landowners from Normandy, where <mask> spent part of his childhood.His mother was descended from Charlotte Corday. The Cartier-Bresson family lived in a bourgeois neighborhood in Paris, Rue de Lisbonne, near Place de l'Europe and Parc Monceau. His parents supported him financially so <mask> could pursue photography more freely than his contemporaries. <mask> also sketched. Young <mask> took holiday snapshots with a Box Brownie; he later experimented with a 3×4 inch view camera. He was raised in traditional French bourgeois fashion, and was required to address his parents with formal vous rather than tu. His father assumed that his son would take up the family business, but <mask> was strong-willed and also feared this prospect.Cartier-Bresson attended École Fénelon, a Catholic school that prepared students for the Lycée Condorcet. A governess called "Miss Kitty" who came from across the Channel, instilled in him the love of - and competence in - the English language. The proctor caught him reading a book by Rimbaud or Mallarmé, and reprimanded him, "Let's have no disorder in your studies!". Cartier-Bresson said, "He used the informal 'tu', which usually meant you were about to get a good thrashing. But he went on, 'You're going to read in my office.' Well, that wasn't an offer he had to repeat." Painting
After trying to learn music, Cartier-Bresson was introduced to oil painting by his uncle Louis, a gifted painter.But the painting lessons were cut short when uncle Louis was killed in World War I. In 1927 Cartier-Bresson entered a private art school and the Lhote Academy, the Parisian studio of the Cubist painter and sculptor André Lhote. Lhote's ambition was to integrate the Cubists' approach to reality with classical artistic forms; he wanted to link the French classical tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David to Modernism. Cartier-Bresson also studied painting with society portraitist Jacques Émile Blanche. During this period, he read Dostoevsky, Schopenhauer, Rimbaud, Nietzsche, Mallarmé, Freud, Proust, Joyce, Hegel, Engels and Marx. Lhote took his pupils to the Louvre to study classical artists and to Paris galleries to study contemporary art. Cartier-Bresson's interest in modern art was combined with an admiration for the works of the Renaissance masters: Jan van Eyck, Paolo Uccello, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca.Cartier-Bresson regarded Lhote as his teacher of "photography without a camera." Surrealists photography influence
Although Cartier-Bresson became frustrated with Lhote's "rule-laden" approach to art, the rigorous theoretical training later helped him identify and resolve problems of artistic form and composition in photography. In the 1920s, schools of photographic realism were popping up throughout Europe but each had a different view on the direction photography should take. The Surrealist movement, founded in 1924, was a catalyst for this paradigm shift. Cartier-Bresson began socializing with the Surrealists at the Café Cyrano, in the Place Blanche. He met a number of the movement's leading protagonists, and was drawn to the Surrealist movement's technique of using the subconscious and the immediate to influence their work. The historian Peter Galassi explains:

Cartier-Bresson matured artistically in this stormy cultural and political atmosphere.But, although he knew the concepts, he couldn't express them; dissatisfied with his experiments, he destroyed most of his early paintings. Cambridge and army
From 1928 to 1929, Cartier-Bresson studied art, literature, and English at the University of Cambridge, where he became bilingual. In 1930 he was conscripted into the French Army and stationed at Le Bourget near Paris, a time about which he later remarked: "And I had quite a hard time of it, too, because I was toting Joyce under my arm and a Lebel rifle on my shoulder." Receives first camera

In 1929, Cartier-Bresson's air squadron commandant placed him under house arrest for hunting without a licence. Cartier-Bresson met American expatriate Harry Crosby at Le Bourget, who persuaded the commandant to release Cartier-Bresson into his custody for a few days. The two men both had an interest in photography, and Harry presented <mask> with his first camera. They spent their time together taking and printing pictures at Crosby's home, Le Moulin du Soleil (The Sun Mill), near Paris in Ermenonville, France.Crosby later said Cartier-Bresson "looked like a fledgling, shy and frail, and mild as whey." Embracing the open sexuality offered by Crosby and his wife Caresse, Cartier-Bresson fell into an intense sexual relationship with her that lasted until 1931. Escape to Africa
Two years after Harry Crosby died by suicide, Cartier-Bresson's affair with Caresse Crosby ended in 1931, leaving him broken-hearted. During conscription he read Conrad's Heart of Darkness. This gave him the idea of escaping and finding adventure on the Côte d'Ivoire in French colonial Africa. He survived by shooting game and selling it to local villagers. From hunting, he learned methods which he later used in photography.On the Côte d'Ivoire, he contracted blackwater fever, which nearly killed him. While still feverish, he sent instructions to his grandfather for his own funeral, asking to be buried in Normandy, at the edge of the Eawy Forest while Debussy's String Quartet was played. Although Cartier-Bresson took a portable camera (smaller than a Brownie Box) to Côte d'Ivoire, only seven photographs survived the tropics. Photography

Returning to France, Cartier-Bresson recuperated in Marseille in late 1931 and deepened his relationship with the Surrealists. He became inspired by a 1930 photograph by Hungarian photojournalist Martin Munkacsi showing three naked young African boys, caught in near-silhouette, running into the surf of Lake Tanganyika. Titled Three Boys at Lake Tanganyika, this captured the freedom, grace and spontaneity of their movement and their joy at being alive. That photograph inspired him to stop painting and to take up photography seriously.He explained, "I suddenly understood that a photograph could fix eternity in an instant." He acquired the Leica camera with 50 mm lens in Marseilles that would accompany him for many years. The anonymity that the small camera gave him in a crowd or during an intimate moment was essential in overcoming the formal and unnatural behavior of those who were aware of being photographed. He enhanced his anonymity by painting all shiny parts of the Leica with black paint. The Leica opened up new possibilities in photography—the ability to capture the world in its actual state of movement and transformation. Restless, he photographed in Berlin, Brussels, Warsaw, Prague, Budapest and Madrid. His photographs were first exhibited at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York in 1933, and subsequently at the Ateneo Club in Madrid.In 1934 in Mexico, he shared an exhibition with Manuel Álvarez Bravo. In the beginning, he did not photograph much in his native France. It would be years before he photographed there extensively. In 1934, Cartier-Bresson met a young Polish intellectual, a photographer named David Szymin who was called "Chim" because his name was difficult to pronounce. Szymin later changed his name to David Seymour. The two had much in common culturally. Through Chim, Cartier-Bresson met a Hungarian photographer named Endré Friedmann, who later changed his name to Robert Capa.United States exhibits

Cartier-Bresson traveled to the United States in 1935 with an invitation to exhibit his work at New York's Julien Levy Gallery. He shared display space with fellow photographers Walker Evans and Manuel Álvarez Bravo. Carmel Snow of Harper's Bazaar gave him a fashion assignment, but he fared poorly since he had no idea how to direct or interact with the models. Nevertheless, Snow was the first American editor to publish Cartier-Bresson's photographs in a magazine. While in New York, he met photographer Paul Strand, who did camerawork for the Depression-era documentary The Plow That Broke the Plains. Filmmaking

When he returned to France, Cartier-Bresson applied for a job with renowned French film director Jean Renoir. He acted in Renoir's 1936 film Partie de campagne and in the 1939 La Règle du jeu, for which he played a butler and served as second assistant.Renoir made Cartier-Bresson act so he could understand how it felt to be on the other side of the camera. Cartier-Bresson also helped Renoir make a film for the Communist party on the 200 families, including his own, who ran France. During the Spanish civil war, Cartier-Bresson co-directed an anti-fascist film with Herbert Kline, to promote the Republican medical services. Photojournalism start
Cartier-Bresson's first photojournalist photos to be published came in 1937 when he covered the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, for the French weekly Regards. He focused on the new monarch's adoring subjects lining the London streets, and took no pictures of the king. His photo credit read "Cartier", as he was hesitant to use his full family name. Marriage
In 1937, Cartier-Bresson married a Javanese dancer, Ratna Mohini.They lived in a fourth-floor servants' flat in Paris at 19, rue Neuve-des-Petits-Champs (now rue Danielle Casanova), a large studio with a small bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom where Cartier-Bresson developed film. Between 1937 and 1939, Cartier-Bresson worked as a photographer for the French Communists' evening paper, Ce soir. With Chim and Capa, Cartier-Bresson was a leftist, but he did not join the French Communist party. In 1967, he was divorced from Ratna "Elie". In 1970 Cartier-Bresson married Magnum photographer Martine Franck [25] and in May 1972, the couple had a daughter, Mélanie. World War II service
When World War II broke out in September 1939, Cartier-Bresson joined the French Army as a Corporal in the Film and Photo unit. During the Battle of France, in June 1940 at St. Dié in the Vosges Mountains, he was captured by German soldiers and spent 35 months in prisoner-of-war camps doing forced labor under the Nazis.He twice tried and failed to escape from the prison camp, and was punished by solitary confinement. His third escape was successful and he hid on a farm in Touraine before getting false papers that allowed him to travel in France. In France, he worked for the underground, aiding other escapees and working secretly with other photographers to cover the Occupation and then the Liberation of France. In 1943, he dug up his beloved Leica camera, which he had buried in farmland near Vosges. At the end of the war he was asked by the American Office of War Information to make a documentary, Le Retour (The Return) about returning French prisoners and displaced persons. Toward the end of the War,

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