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<mask> (29 July 1881 – 15 May 1967) was an Australian printmaker. Trained by Frederick McCubbin at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School, and by painter and printmaker Frank Brangwyn in London, Traill worked in England and France in the period immediately preceding World War I. During the war she served in hospitals with the Voluntary Aid Detachment. Traill is best known for a series of prints created in the early 1930s depicting the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Critic and art historian Sasha Grishin describes her as "one of the great Australian artists of the 20th century". Early life

<mask> was born in Brighton, Victoria, on 29 July 1881. Her father was Scotland-born <mask>, who had administered a vanilla plantation in the Seychelles, before becoming a bank manager in Victoria; her mother <mask> was Tasmanian.Traill was one of four daughters of George and <mask>, all of them educated at a boarding school in Switzerland, where they learned French and German. The family were deeply religious Anglicans; two of Traill's sisters would later join religious orders, while Margaret would become a carver. Returning to Australia, Traill in 1900 studied under John Mather at his Austral Art School, before proceeding to the National Gallery of Victoria Art School from 1902 to 1906, where she was taught by a leading member of the Heidelberg School, Frederick McCubbin. Her fellow students were mostly women and included Hilda Rix Nicholas, Norah Gurdon, Ruth Sutherland, Dora Wilson, and Vida Lahey. In March 1906, Traill and her sister Minna, together with her father, sailed for England, while her two older sisters, Kathleen and Elsie, remained in Victoria. George died while they were travelling in 1907, and is buried in Rome. Traill studied in London under Anglo-Welsh painter and printmaker Frank Brangwyn, as well as taking classes in summer with him, in Belgium and the Netherlands.She was the most accomplished student from Australia that he taught. Early career, 1908 to 1931
Traill's first notable successes were in 1909, when works by the artist were hung at the Paris Salon and London's Royal Academy of Arts, while her first solo show was opened in Melbourne. She was successful again in 1914 with work hung at the Royal Academy. When war broke out in 1914 Traill, like fellow artist Iso Rae, joined the Voluntary Aid Detachment. She worked in hospitals, including at a convalescent facility in Roehampton in May 1915, then later in a military hospital in Rouen. Traill and Rae became the only Australian women artists to portray the war while in France. When in 1918 Australia first appointed official war artists, sixteen men were chosen; Traill was not included.Back in Australia, Traill in 1921 became a member of the Australian Painter-Etchers' Society, and entered its exhibitions. Her works from this period reflected her interest in both Art Nouveau and in the woodblock printing of Japan. Sydney Harbour Bridge series
When the Australian Painter-Etchers Society in 1932 held its only thematic exhibition, Sydney Harbour Bridge Celebrations, Traill contributed a series of seven prints. The works comprised six etchings completed across the period 1927 to 1931, and a coloured aquatint created after construction was finished in 1932. These have become Traill's best known and most highly regarded images. At the time they were created, the artist Arthur Streeton observed: Melbourne should be proud of that fine draughtswoman and etcher Miss <mask>l. By incessant labour and observation she has won for herself a high position by her fine sense of design and her most capable rendering of very difficult subjects.She dares to do a large drawing composed of enormous curves and angles and she does it successfully. There is no other artist in Australia today who can compare with her in the fine and varied exhibition of Sydney Bridge and other designs which will open today at the Athenaeum Gallery. Her drawings of the Harbour Bridge from 1927 to 1931 form a triumphant and original record of that mighty masterpiece of steel, and it would be well if the finest of them were acquired and housed as a national collection and an artistic record of the structure. Describing the series as "perhaps the finest representations of this genre", National Gallery of Australia curator Roger Butler singled out her Building the Harbour Bridge VI: Nearly complete, June 1931 for comment, with its "towering, skeletal structure framed by foreground cranes". Sandy Kirby, writing for The National Women's Art Book in the mid-1990s, focussed on the earlier, fourth print in the series, Building the Harbour Bridge IV: The Ant's Progress, noting how it drew attention "to the technical feat of building, reflected as much in the viewpoint Traill selected as in the very medium of etching itself, with its linear emphasis echoing engineering drawing". Reviewing an exhibition of Traill's works, art critic Christopher Allen, writing for The Australian in 2013, considered the images of Sydney Harbour Bridge to be "her greatest achievement". Later career, 1932 to 1967
In 1935, Dora Wilson, artist and longstanding friend of Traill (they had studied together and shared a Melbourne studio), painted a portrait of Traill, which was acquired by the State Library of Victoria.Another portrait of Traill, by Janet Cumbrae Stewart, is held by the National Gallery of Victoria. Traill died on 15 May 1967 at Emerald, on the eastern fringes of Melbourne. Technique
As a printmaker, Traill worked on zinc plates in etching and aquatint. Her biographer Mary Lee observed that in the 1920s Traill "worked with the largest plates that the press would take and achieved dramatic chiaroscuro". She was also a lithographer, a technique in which she was similarly accomplished. Legacy
Butler collected works by Traill throughout his tenure at the National Gallery of Australia, which one reviewer considered was responsible for the "rediscovery of an artist previously almost unknown to the public". When the Gallery held a retrospective of her work in 2013, it described her as "a key figure in the history of Australian printmaking".Author and art critic Sasha Grishin reviewed the exhibition for The Canberra Times, concluding that the show "reasserts the supremacy of <mask> as one of the great Australian artists of the 20th century". Roger Butler observed of Traill's etchings that they were "the most poetic and technically refined prints produced in Australia before World War II". Notes and references
Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links
 <mask> at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
Papers of <mask> at the State Library Victoria
<mask>l: an artist at war by Eve Sainsbury

1881 births
1967 deaths
Australian women painters
Australian war artists
World War I artists
20th-century Australian women artists
20th-century Australian painters
Artists from Victoria (Australia)

masks:
Jessie Constance Alicia Traill
Jessie Traill
George Hamilton Traill
Jessie Neilley
Jessie
Jessie Trail
Jessie Traill
Jessie Traill
Jessie Traill
Jessie Trail


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<mask> (27 May 1980 – 24 October 1995) was an Australian teenager who died after consuming an ecstasy tablet at a rave party in inner Sydney. Her cause of death was hypoxic encephalopathy, following acute water intoxication secondary to ingestion of MDMA. <mask>'s death was covered widely in the media, produced debate on drug use among adolescents and inspired the bestselling memoir <mask>'s Story (1996) by Bronwyn Donaghy. Events leading up to death
<mask> had recently left The Forest High School after completing Year 10 to pursue a career in beauty therapy at a salon near her home in Sydney's North Shore. On 21 October 1995, <mask> and a group of school friends attended an "Apache" rave dance party at the Phoenician Club on Broadway in Ultimo, in inner-city Sydney. She had told her parents that she was going to a friend's house to have a sleepover. <mask> and her friends bought and consumed ecstasy tablets from a female friend outside the club prior to entering.At approximately 5:00a.m. on 22 October, <mask> began feeling unwell inside the club and was seen rushing to the toilets, where she was found vomiting. Her friends drove her back to one of their homes in Belrose where she was put to bed. <mask>'s symptoms showed no signs of improving: there were continued episodes of dry retching, intermittent sleep, confusion and possible convulsion-like movements, followed by a lapse into unconsciousness. At 10:00a.m. <mask>'s parents were informed, who called for an ambulance and had her taken to the Royal North Shore Hospital in St Leonards. <mask> remained in a coma throughout the period and did not regain consciousness; she died on Tuesday, 24 October 1995 after her life support was turned off following the declaration that she was brain dead.Coroner's report
The subsequent coroner's report determined that the cause of death was a cerebral edema caused by water intoxication (hyponatraemia) secondary to use of MDMA. Hyponatraemia occurs when excessive fluid consumption dilutes sodium levels in the blood supply, leading to water absorption in the body's cells. Absorption of too much water causes cell swelling, which in the brain can cause irreparable damage as the human skull leaves little room for expansion inside. The brain's functions are also disrupted by cell swelling, resulting in respiratory arrest among other symptoms. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion (SIADH) that occurs in some users of MDMA can compound hyponatraemia by disrupting the body's normal response of releasing excess water by excretion. The coroner recommended improved drug education information stressing the need for immediate medical attention if a user of MDMA became ill under its influence. J.A. Henry, a British physician from the Medical Toxicology Unit at Guy's Hospital, noted that British recommendations for appropriate water consumption for MDMA users stressed the different needs of users who were dancing strenuously and those who were not. Aftermath and media coverage
<mask>'s death was widely reported in the media and represented a change in how ecstasy-related stories were covered. Whereas previous ecstasy-related incidents had received minimal coverage and were reported in the context of crime, delinquency and secrecy, <mask>'s "girl next door" image, and death, was extensively covered and turned into a warning against illicit drug-use in society. It was initially put forward in the media that the ecstasy tablet taken by <mask> was probably laced with heroin or morphine, the purported cause of her death, but the coroner's report determined that only MDMA was present in <mask>'s body. <mask>'s funeral took place on 1 November 1995 at the Northern Suburbs Memorial Gardens. The initial coverage of the event was soon followed by media stories ranging from concerns about drug use in Australian teenagers to attacks on techno music and raves for their corrupting influence on youth. The Phoenician Club in particular was singled out, with calls to have the venue closed down, a move endorsed by the then NSW Premier, Bob Carr.In the event, the club was allowed to continue to run but it had to abandon hosting dance parties. The death of <mask> also fuelled perceptions that drug-taking was a serious problem among Australian teenagers, even though a NSW AMA report from the time established that only 3% of 14- to 19-year-olds had used ecstasy. Rave culture in Australia and <mask>'s death was documented on the popular Australian television news program 60 Minutes in 1996, creating further debate. The intensity of the media coverage can be explained to a degree by <mask>'s appearance as an average, middle-class "good girl" whose life had been tragically taken from her. She did not fit the stereotype of the street-living junkie and so was turned into an object of sympathy instead. She was the child that "everyone could relate to", and, as a result, was used as a warning to prevent incidents. <mask>'s death was sympathetically covered by Bronwyn Donaghy in a book on the event entitled <mask>'s Story in 1996.It raised similar concerns in the media that drug-taking was a problem among youth and argued against drug decriminalisation as a response to <mask>'s death. While her death renewed calls for a more hardline approach to be taken on drugs in the media and by politicians, Jack Marx of The Age pointed out that this "zero tolerance" approach may have scared <mask>'s friends into not taking her immediately to a hospital where her life could have been saved. The death of <mask> nevertheless raised awareness about ecstasy use in the general community, which until that time had been less well known in Australia. Her death was seen as unusual because in 1995 the number of people who had died from ecstasy use was very low. The raised awareness of ecstasy use led to the Australian state governments instituting new laws in the running of dance venues. In NSW, the Code of Practice for Dance Parties was passed in 1997, which made the provision of chill rooms and free water compulsory for clubs to obtain their licence. This was seen as an acknowledgement of the reality of ecstasy use in the dance scene and the need for pragmatic legislation by governments to prevent further deaths.The coroner's report into <mask>'s death had also recommended public advice on ecstasy use and water intake to avoid further water intoxication fatalities. The notoriety of <mask>'s death saw it continue to surface in the public after the turn of the century. It was referred to during the 2007 NSW state election, for instance, when NSW Opposition Leader Peter Debnam used it and some other youth deaths to claim the state government was not doing enough to prevent further tragedies. Her death often resurfaces in the Australian media when other Australian teenagers die after taking ecstasy. In November 2015 (after the death of a Sydney woman at the Stereosonic music festival), <mask>'s father stated that "[he] hoped <mask>'s death would make a difference, but we are not making progress against drugs. I think the pro-legalisation lobby has a lot to answer for. They keep on about harm reduction.They say just take the stuff safely. But there is no safe way. You just don’t know what will happen when you take drugs." See also
 Illegal drug trade
 Leah Betts, a similar case
 Rachel Whitear
 Responsible drug use
 War on drugs

References

External links

1980 births
1995 deaths
1995 in Australia
Australian children
Drug-related deaths in Australia
People from the Gold Coast, Queensland
People from Sydney

masks:
Anna Victoria Wood
Wood
Anna
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Anna Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Anna
Wood
Wood
Anna Wood
Wood
Wood
Anna Wood
Anna


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<mask>-Russell JP (1825 – 2 April 1875) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician, a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council and a member of the Legislative Council. He was supposedly the wealthiest of the early settlers, and his homestead became the centre of entertainment in Christchurch. He was a significant runholder and, together with a business partner, was responsible for building up the Canterbury sheep stock. Early life

Watts-Russell was born in Ilam Hall in Staffordshire, England in 1825, one of nine children and the youngest son of the family. His father was Jesse Watts-Russell (1786–1875), a wealthy landowner and Conservative MP for the rotten borough of Gatton, and his mother was Mary Watts. His father, who was originally called Jesse Russell, took on the new family name of Watts-Russell in March 1817. Ilam in Staffordshire was built by his father.The valley and surrounding hills reminded his father of the Alps, and consequently he had some new cottages built in a Swiss chalet style and rehoused most of the villagers. In 1857 he built a school matching in style and funded its operation, at a time when schooling was not compulsory. Watts-Russell purchased a commission in the 17th Regiment of Light Dragoons in 1845. While he was stationed in Ireland in 1850, he married Elizabeth Rose Rebecca Bradshaw. They decided to emigrate, and this decision might have been influenced by him wanting to escape the social stigma of having married beneath his social class. He was also a chronic asthmatic and was hoping for improved health from the change in climate. This was at a time when the Canterbury Association was actively selling land in New Zealand.He sold his commission as lieutenant and purchased  of land in the colony. Life in New Zealand
The couple plus some of their staff (Elizabeth's personal maid, Johanna Wornall; Sarah Hodgkinson née Mellor and her husband Charles) arrived in Lyttelton on 17 December 1850, on , one of the First Four Ships. For the first while, they lived on the ship. Returning to the ship from shore on 5 January 1851, their boat with nine passengers capsized. Elizabeth managed to hold onto a rope, but her husband, thinking that she was in trouble, attempted to rescue her. As he could not swim, he himself got into difficulty, so now Elizabeth tried to save him. They had already sunk twice before they got pulled out of the water.Land parcels were allocated in early 1851. The order by which the settlers could choose was determined by ballot. Watts-Russell's name came up early and he chose land adjacent to the farm established by the Deans brothers in the early 1840s at Riccarton Bush. That land parcel was bounded by what are now Riccarton, Waimairi and Clyde Roads and the Waimairi Stream. While a cob house was built for them on their land, they lived with Charlotte and <mask> Godley; Godley is considered the founder of Canterbury. He called their home Ilam after his birthplace. The Watts-Russells were wealthy and could afford staff; they were supposedly the richest settlers from the First Four Ships.This allowed them the time to participate in social and charitable activities. His wife was known for her charm and vivacity, and their home became one of the centres of entertainment in Christchurch. Watts-Russell took an interest in sheep and horses when most other farmers concentrated on arable farming. He and his friend and business partner, Alfred Richard Creyke, were instrumental in establishing and building up the Canterbury sheep stock. Creyke was employed by him to manage his runs. Creyke had a large sheep run on the Canterbury Plains that he managed together with Watts-Russell on behalf of an absentee land holder. Creyke also owned some of the land.The run's homestead was located at Racecourse Hill, about halfway between Darfield and Waddington. Creyke sold the station in 1860 or 1861. Watts-Russell bought the Dalethorpe run off the Deans brothers in 1851 and owned it until 1866. In the early years, he had this run managed by Creyke. Watts-Russell had named it Dalethorpe after a family property back in his native Staffordshire. It was located in the Malvern Hills (named after the English Malvern Hills) behind Homebush, with Dalethorpe Road leading into the area. Whilst their sheep ventures were most beneficial to the South Island economy, another of their ventures proved disastrous, as they introduced rabbits.James FitzGerald founded The Press, and it was conceived at Watts-Russell's homestead. FitzGerald documented the occasion in a letter dated 5 June 1861:
Sitting after dinner at Ilam about a month ago, I said I saw no hope for a better state of public policy here unless there was a new newspaper started which would tell the truth without fear or favour. In five minutes the thing was settled. If I would undertake the management of it, it was to be started and five hundred pound was put down on the spot; it was soon found there was a little press and some types to be bought. I promised I would write and would exercise a general superintendence over the matter... The first number appeared three weeks after the conversation referred to. Overseas travel
England
In February 1856, they returned to England after having leased their house and sold all their furniture.His wife was quite sick at the time. They returned in January 1858 on the Westminster and had Elizabeth's sister, Mary Ann Bradshaw, with them. They also brought 20,000 bricks with them for a new house. France
In 1866, Watts-Russell sold many of his properties and leased their homestead. This implies that they may not have intended to return to New Zealand. They spend much of their time away in France. They did return in 1871, though, and lived adjacent to Cathedral Square until his death.Ilam homestead

The bricks that they imported in 1858 were used for building the ground floor of their new Ilam homestead (). A much larger house, it was an excellent entertainment venue; it was the largest private residence in Christchurch at the time. It was built in the style of an English mansion and had eight bedrooms, a conservatory, a drawing room and a dining room. The  of garden were laid out with extensive lawns, including a croquet lawn, with the Avon River winding through. Watts-Russell sold the homestead in 1866. It burned down on 22 August 1910, but was rebuilt by the then-owner, ornithologist Edgar Stead. The house and grounds passed to Canterbury College, now the University of Canterbury, in 1950.For many years, the house was the residence of the rector (now the vice-chancellor), and is these days used as the staff club for the university. Political career
Watts-Russell was a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council. He was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council in 1854 and resigned in 1855. He was again appointed by the first Stafford Ministry in 1858 and was a member for ten years. He was the first Grand Master of the Freemasons in Canterbury. Death and commemoration

Watts-Russell died after a short and severe illness on 2 April 1875 in Christchurch. He is buried in the Upper Riccarton church graveyard.His wife's sister died only four months later, and Elizabeth left for England, never to return to New Zealand. In 1877 the widow married Alfred Richard Creyke, who had worked for her first husband as a station manager. After Creyke died in 1893, she arranged for the western porch of the ChristChurch Cathedral to be built in his memory. On the south side of the cathedral's nave, there is also a Watts-Russell Memorial Window. She died on 7 October 1905 at Horsham, West Sussex. The suburb of Ilam was named after his homestead. The name was formalised by the Waimairi County Council in 1959.Dovedale Avenue in Ilam is named after their staff member Sarah Hodgkinson's birthplace. References

1825 births
1875 deaths
Members of the New Zealand Legislative Council
Members of the Canterbury Provincial Council
New Zealand Freemasons
Canterbury Pilgrims
19th-century New Zealand politicians

masks:
John Charles Watts
John Robert


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<mask> (October 4, 1928 – January 10, 2005) was a prominent African-American leader in the civil rights movement. He was active in  the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Black Panther Party, and the League of Revolutionary Black Workers. As the executive secretary of SNCC from 1961 to 1966, <mask> played a significant role in the freedom rides, the Albany movement, the Birmingham campaign, and the Selma to Montgomery marches. After the 1960s, Forman spent the rest of his adult life organizing black people around issues of social and economic equality. He also taught at American University and other major institutions. He wrote several books documenting his experiences within the movement and his evolving political philosophy including Sammy Younge Jr.: The First Black College Student to Die in the Black Liberation Movement (1969), The Making of Black Revolutionaries (1972 and 1997) and Self Determination: An Examination of the Question and Its Application to the African American People (1984). The New York Times called him "a civil rights pioneer who brought a fiercely revolutionary vision and masterly organizational skills to virtually every major civil rights battleground in the 1960s."Early life and education
<mask> was born on October 4, 1928, in Chicago, Illinois. As an 11-month-old baby, he was sent to live with his grandmother, "Mama Jane", on her farm in Marshall County, Mississippi. He was raised in a "dirt-poor" environment; it was not uncommon for him to eat dirt because it was believed to have some nutritional value. In his autobiography, he called eating dirt a "staple" of his diet. He recalls being "hungry all the time." His family had no outhouse and no electricity. They used leaves, newspapers, and corncobs for toilet paper, and they used twigs as toothbrushes.Despite these things, Forman claims to have never questioned his poverty and did not understand it at the time. His Aunt Thelma once caught <mask> reading a shopping catalog in the dark. She, being a school teacher, took an interest in accelerating <mask>' studying and gave him lessons at home. <mask> credits his upbringing for his eventual successes, saying his grandmother gave him a sense for justice while his aunt gave him his "intellectual fire." Awareness of racism
<mask>' first experience with lynching came when a white man showed up on his doorstep, asking for food and asking that they not tell anyone where he was. The next day, news spread that a white man had been lynched although Forman never learned why. When Forman was around the age of six he had his first experience with racial segregation.While visiting an aunt in Tennessee, Forman attempted to buy a Coca-Cola from a local drugstore. He was told that if he wanted to buy one that he would have to drink it in the back and not at the counter. Confused, Forman asked why and was told "Boy, you're a nigger." This was the first time in his life he realized that because of the color of his skin that there were "things [he] could and could not do, and other people had the 'right' to tell [him] what [he] could and could not do." In the summer of 1935, Forman moved to Chicago to live with his mother and step-father. That September he enrolled in St. Anselm's Catholic School, his first official schooling, and was immediately put into the second grade. He adjusted to his new life in Chicago fairly well, when playing with the neighborhood kids he would throw rocks and cans at white pedestrians and threw bricks off of roofs and onto police cars.However, his new school put a lot of pressure on him to convert to Catholicism, with his Protestantism becoming a "great issue" by the 6th grade. Being the only Protestant at an all-Catholic school put <mask> through "great emotional turmoil." He decided to transfer to the local public school, the Betsy Ross Grammar School. He did so well there that he was allowed to skip the first semester of the seventh grade. From the age of seven onward, <mask> earned a small amount from selling issues of the Chicago Defender. He would often read these papers which helped develop a "strong sense of protest." He read the works of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B.Du Bois and was heavily influenced by Du Bois. He called Washington an "apologist" and often quoted Du Bois and his call for advancing blacks through education. He had yet to enter high school but for <mask> the "race issue was on my mind, before my eyes, and in my blood." After finishing his primary education, Forman enrolled in Englewood Technical Prep Academy. He started his high school career by taking vocational courses instead of the general, pre-college coursework. This led to a poor performance and eventually a suspension from school. He was sent to a continuation school, Washburne High, he got a job as a paper roller at Cuneo Press, and joined a gang known as the "Sixty-first Raiders."His gang activity was very limited in scope and he said he thought using drugs was "a waste of time." Around the age of fourteen <mask>, who had been going under the name of <mask>, found out that his step-father was not his real father by happening upon his own birth certificate. His real father was a cab driver that Forman coincidentally met and introduced himself to while working at his step-father's gas station. When Forman returned to high school he returned to general coursework and was an honors student. During school he was influenced by the writings of such figures as Richard Wright and Carl Sandburg. He received ROTC training and the Chicago Tribune Silver and Gold medal for efficiency as a non-commissioned officer; he was a lieutenant upon graduation. He was also the honor student of his graduating class which landed him an interview in the Chicago Tribune.During the interview he said that when he grew up he wanted to become a "humanitarian" and a minister as opposed to a preacher. He graduated from high school in January 1947. Shortly after Forman graduated from high school he was kicked out of his house after an argument with his stepfather. He tried to join the United States Army for a two year period but because of a racial quota he had to settle on joining the United States Air Force for a period of three years. Due to the Korean War his stay was extended to four years. Forman would go on to regret this decision and call the armed forces a "dehumanizing machine which destroys thought and creativity in order to preserve the economic system and the political myths of the United States." He met his first wife, Mary, in California two weeks before being shipped off to Okinawa in 1948.They divorced three years later, in 1951. After his discharge the penniless Forman moved to the slums of Oakland. He was eventually able to raise enough money to attend the University of Southern California. During his second semester, after a long night of studying, a police car stopped in front of him. They called him out and said that a robbery had occurred and Forman looked suspicious. Forman denied any wrongdoing but was apprehended anyway. He demanded a phone call and various other civil rights but instead was locked up for three days while being beaten and interrogated.This caused him severe trauma, for which he sought therapy. Forman overcame his trauma and returned to Chicago in 1954. His step-father died that summer and he enrolled at Roosevelt University that fall. He became president of the student body at Roosevelt and graduated in three years. Forman then went to graduate school at Boston University where he began to develop the ideas of a successful social movement. He wanted blacks to come together and start a visible movement. He knew the movement had to use nonviolent direct action, students, and it had to be started in the South.He was also against monolithic, charismatic leaders because he wanted whatever was created to not die along with the leader. In 1958 he visited Little Rock, Arkansas because he was tired of being an "armchair revolutionary." He taught in Chicago's public schools and worked with dispossessed tenant farmers in Tennessee before joining SNCC. National organizing with SNCC

In 1961, <mask> joined the  newly formed Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced "snick"). From 1961 to 1966, <mask>, a decade older and more experienced than most of the other members of SNCC, became responsible for providing organizational support to the young, loosely affiliated activists by paying bills, radically expanding the institutional staff and planning the logistics for programs. Under the leadership of <mask> and others, SNCC became an important political player at the height of the civil rights movement. SNCC began as an affiliate of another direct action group of the movement, Martin Luther King Jr.'s Southern Christian Leadership Conference.At times, <mask>'s more confrontational and radical style of activism clashed with King's Christian pacifist approach. In August 1961, Forman was jailed with other freedom riders protesting segregated facilities in Monroe, North Carolina. This episode brought him into contact with Robert F. Williams who won Forman's admiration. During a visit to Williams' home in Monroe, Forman discussed the positive role of using armed self-defense in the struggle against white oppression. After his sentence was suspended, Forman agreed to become executive secretary of SNCC. Forman's occasional criticism of Dr. King was not simply a political exercise, but reflected a genuine concern about the direction King was leading the movement in. He specifically questioned King's top-down leadership style, which he saw as undermining the development of local grassroots movements.For example, following W. G. Anderson's invitation to King to join the Albany Movement, <mask> criticized the move because he felt much harm could be done by interjecting the Messiah complex. He recognized that King's presence would detract from, rather than intensify, the focus on local people's leadership in the movement. Forman echoed the concerns of those in SNCC and the broader civil rights movement who saw the potential dangers of relying too heavily upon one dynamic leader. In an interview with Robert Penn Warren for the book Who Speaks for the Negro?, <mask> laid out many of his ideologies concerning SNCC, commenting that it is "the one movement in this country that has within its spheres of activity room for intellectuals." Years before the famous Selma marches of 1965, Forman and other SNCC organizers visited the city to assist the voter registration work of Amelia Boynton and J. L. Chestnut. In addition to frontline organizing, Forman facilitated a visit by celebrities <mask> and Dick Gregory for Selma's first "Freedom Day" in October 1963—a day of mass African-American voter registration in a Jim Crow area. Forman did significant work for SNCC in the cultural community.For instance, Forman recruited the young folk star Bob Dylan  to play benefits and rallies for SNCC ( One of these rallies in Mississippi makes an appearance in the classic documentary Don't Look Back). When Dylan received an award from the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee  he said the honor really belonged to "<mask> and SNCC." Selma and Montgomery

When the second march out of Selma was turned around by Martin Luther King, Tuskegee Institute students decided to open a "Second Front" by marching to the Alabama State Capitol and delivering a petition to Governor George Wallace. They were quickly joined by <mask> and much of the SNCC staff from Selma. The SNCC members distrusted King more than ever after the "turnaround Tuesday," and were eager to take a separate course. On March 11, SNCC began a series of demonstrations in Montgomery, and put out a national call for others to join them. <mask>, SCLC's Selma leader, followed them and discouraged their activities, bringing him and SCLC into conflict with <mask> and SNCC.Bevel accused <mask> of trying to divert people from the Selma campaign and of abandoning nonviolent discipline. Forman accused Bevel of driving a wedge between the student movement and the local black churches. The argument was resolved only when both were arrested. On March 15 and 16, SNCC led several hundred demonstrators, including Alabama students, Northern students, and local adults, in protests near the capitol complex. The Montgomery County sheriff's posse met them on horseback and drove them back, whipping them. Against the objections of <mask>, some protesters threw bricks and bottles at police. At a mass meeting on the night of the 16th, Forman "whipped the crowd into a frenzy" demanding that the President act to protect demonstrators, and warned, "If we can't sit at the table of democracy, we'll knock the fucking legs off."The New York Times featured the Montgomery confrontations on the front page the next day. Although Dr. King was concerned by Forman's violent rhetoric, he joined him in leading a march of 2000 people in Montgomery to the Montgomery County courthouse. According to historian Gary May, "City officials, also worried by the violent turn of events… apologized for the assault on SNCC protesters and invited King and Forman to discuss how to handle future protests in the city." In the negotiations, Montgomery officials agreed to stop using the county posse against protesters, and to issue march permits to blacks for the first time. Post-SNCC work
After being replaced by Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson as executive secretary, <mask> remained close to the leadership of SNCC helping to negotiate the ill-fated "merger" of SNCC and the Black Panther Party in 1967 and even briefly taking a leadership position within the Panthers. In 1969, after the failure of the merger and the decline of SNCC as an effective political organization, <mask> began associating with other Black political radical groups. In Detroit he participated in the Black Economic Development Conference, where his Black Manifesto was adopted.He also founded a nonprofit organization called the Unemployment and Poverty Action Committee. As a part of his "Black Manifesto", on a Sunday morning in May 1969, <mask> interrupted services at New York City's Riverside Church to demand $500 million in reparations from white churches to make up for injustices African Americans had suffered over the centuries. Although Riverside's preaching minister, the Rev. Ernest T. Campbell, termed the demands "exorbitant and fanciful," he was in sympathy with the impulse, if not the tactic. Later, the church agreed to donate a fixed percentage of its annual income to anti-poverty efforts. On May 30, 1969, <mask> made plans to pursue a similar course at a Jewish Synagogue, Congregation Emanu-El of the City of New York. Members of the Jewish Defense League (JDL), led by Rabbi Meir Kahane, showed up carrying chains and clubs promising to confront Forman if he attempted to enter the synagogue.Kahane and the JDL forewarned <mask> and the public about their intended actions and <mask> never showed up at the synagogue. Later life and death
During the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> completed graduate work at Cornell University in African and African-American Studies and in 1982, he received a Ph.D. from the Union of Experimental Colleges and Universities, in cooperation with the Institute for Policy Studies. Forman spent the rest of his adult life organizing black and disenfranchised people around issues of progressive economic and social development and equality. He also taught at American University in Washington, D.C. He wrote several books documenting his experiences within the movement and his evolving political philosophy including Sammy Younge Jr.: The First Black College Student to Die in the Black Liberation Movement (1969), The Making of Black Revolutionaries (1972 and 1997) and Self Determination: An Examination of the Question and Its Application to the African American People (1984). <mask> died on January 10, 2005, of colon cancer, aged 76, at the Washington House, a hospice in Washington, DC. Personal life
<mask>'s marriages to <mask> and Mildred Thompson ended in divorce.He was married to Mildred <mask> (now Mildred Page) from 1959 to 1965, during the most active period of SNCC. Mildred <mask> moved to Atlanta with <mask> and worked at the Atlanta SNCC office as well as working as coordinator for tours of The Freedom Singers. During the 1960s and 1970s, Forman lived with Constancia "Dinky" Romilly, the second and only surviving child of the British-born journalist, anti-fascist activist and aristocrat, the Hon. Jessica Mitford, and her first husband, Esmond Romilly, who was a nephew-by-marriage of Sir Winston Churchill. Though obituaries and other posthumous articles about <mask> have stated that he and Romilly were married, correspondence between Romilly's mother and aunts state that the couple were not legally husband and wife. <mask> and Romilly had two sons: Chaka <mask> and <mask> Jr., who is a professor at Yale Law School. Atheism
In his autobiography The Making Of Black Revolutionaries <mask> devoted an entire chapter to explaining his atheism.He believed that "belief in God hurts my people." He also received the African American Humanist Award in 1994.

masks:
James Forman
Forman
Forman
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James Forman
James Rufus
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
James Baldwin
James Forman
Forman
James Bevel
Forman
Forman
James Bevel
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
Forman
Mary Forman
Thompson Forman
Forman
James
Forman
Forman
Forman
James Forman
Forman


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<mask> (born February 3, 1950)  is an American musician, who was the lead singer of Christian rock band Petra from 1986 until the band's retirement in late 2005. Prior to joining Petra in 1986, <mask> was the lead vocalist for Head East until retiring from the band in 1980. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born in Lincoln, Illinois. Shortly after, his family moved to Mt. Pulaski where he grew up. <mask> began singing and showing interest in music from a very young age. When he was 13 years old, he joined a band called Vinegar Hills Hometown Band Something Different.He went to Mt. Pulaski High School in his hometown graduating in 1968. It was during his high school years that he would meet future wife, Dorla Froelich. After graduating from high school, <mask> enrolled in the University of Illinois for a degree in Civil Engineering. However, his main interest was still music. In 1972, he joined the rock band Head East as lead singer with some fellow students of the university. Juggling his musical career and college studies, Schlitt finally graduated from college in 1974 and dedicated full-time to his career in music.Head-East era and aftermath

During the following years with Head East, <mask> enjoyed the success of the band that produced several hits during the 70s. They released five studio and one live album. However, during the time, Schlitt also developed a dependency on cocaine and alcohol. His dependency reached a peak when he was fired from the band in March 1980. After leaving Head East, <mask> formed a short-lived band, "<mask>", with brother <mask>, Don Colluci, Jim McNeely, Troy Tipton and Burk Burkhardt, but the band quickly ended as his addiction intensified in a six-month depression during which he "came very close to suicide". During that same period, however, his wife became a born-again Christian and subsequently convinced Schlitt to see her pastor. <mask> confesses that he had already decided to end his life and agreed to the meeting only "so my wife would be able to say ‘he tried’ after I was gone".<mask> also became a born-again Christian. Following this, <mask> decided to leave the music scene and rededicate his life to his family. After that, he started cleaning the floors at a factory, and slowly rose through the ranks until he became a mining engineer for a mining construction company and finally their cost and scheduling engineer. During this time, <mask> attended Gethsemane Church in Evansville, Indiana, where he sang with the praise and worship team. 31 years after being kicked out of Head East, <mask> appeared with the band once again to mark the band's 2011 induction into the Iowa Rock N Roll Music Association Hall of Fame. <mask> was also joined by former Head East drummer Steve Huston, along with the band's keyboardist Roger Boyd. Petra era

Five years after <mask>'s departure from Head East, he received a call from Bob Hartman and was invited to audition for Christian rock band Petra.The band had just lost its lead singer Greg X. Volz, who had left to pursue a solo career. After a session with Hartman (band's co-founder and guitarist), he was asked to join the band. He sang his first show on February 3, 1986, beginning a career that would span nearly two decades. His first album with the band was the 1986 release Back to the Street. During his career with Petra, the band released two RIAA certified Gold albums (Beyond Belief and Petra Praise: The Rock Cries Out) and earned four Grammy and numerous Dove Awards. His travels and performances with the group reached all 50 American states as well as over 35 countries. Solo career
During breaks from Petra, Schlitt recorded and released two solo albums: Shake in 1995, and Unfit For Swine in 1996.Both albums were moderately successful and received positive reviews. After Petra's retirement in 2005, Schlitt and  Petra guitarist and founder, Bob Hartman started working on an album together as II Guys From Petra. An album was released on January 26, 2007 titled Vertical Expressions. Hartman and Schlitt have performed several shows to promote the album. In addition, <mask> released his third solo project, titled The Grafting on 2008-01-22. Dan Needham, <mask>'s son-in-law, produced the album. The album was released with premier performances of the tracks "The Grafting" and "Only Men" by Schlitt on the program Celebrations.The telecast was aired internationally by the Daystar Television Network. In May 2008, <mask> toured India, playing eight dates in six cities with an all-new backing band, StoneJava. With this new backing group, <mask> played songs from his solo CDs, along with many Petra favorites, to positive reviews. In 2012, <mask> released his fourth solo project, titled The Greater Cause, on 4K Records. Dan Needham, <mask>'s son-in-law, once again produced the album. Hope That Saves The World made the top 30 on the Billboard and Christian Weekly charts in July 2012. In 2019 <mask> released his sixth studio album, Go.<mask> has earned multiple Gold Records, Grammys and Dove Awards. He has toured all over the world and has been inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame as the lead singer of Petra. <mask> was recently named the best rock singer in Christian music history by GospelMusicChannel.com. According to the website, <mask> "remains one of the most distinctive and impactful men to ever stand behind a microphone." Post-Petra era

<mask> is still active today lending his vocals to various projects and band, including to Project Damage Control, a Christian progressive hard rock band. <mask> is the lead vocalist of a band, The Union of Sinners and Saints, with White Heart founder, guitarist and songwriter Billy Smiley. He also lends his vocals to the Jay Sekulow Band.<mask> also released a single, "Fighting the Fight", in February 2019, that he wrote with Ryan Horn and was produced by <mask>. Personal life
<mask> has been married to wife Dorla since August 28, 1971. They have four children together and reside in Franklin, Tennessee. Discography

Solo

with The Union of Sinners & Saints

with II Guys From Petra

with Petra

with Head East

Other contributions
 Geoff Moore & The Distance - "A Place to Stand" (1988)
 Steve Camp - "Justice" (1988)
 <mask> - "Media Alert" (1990)
 Carman - "Our Turn Now" (1991)
 4 Him - "The Ride Comes Alive" (1995)
 Morgan Cryar - "What Sin?" (1998)
 Silers Bald - "Real Life" (2003)
 Everlife (2004)
 <mask> - "SALT" (2018)

References

External links

1950 births
Living people
American performers of Christian music
American male singers
Converts to Christianity
Performers of Christian rock music
Petra (band) members
People from Lincoln, Illinois

masks:
John William Schlitt
Schlitt
John Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Johnny
Jeff Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
John Schlitt
John
Schlitt
Schlitt
John Schlitt
John Schlitt
John Schlitt
John Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
Schlitt
John Lawry
Schlitt
John Lawry
John DeGroff


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<mask>  (born 20 May 1974) is a British physician, academic and science writer. As of March 2015, he is a senior clinical research fellow at the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, part of the University of Oxford's Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is a founder of the AllTrials campaign and OpenTrials to require open science practices in clinical trials. Goldacre is known in particular for his Bad Science column in The Guardian, which he wrote between 2003 and 2011, and is the author of four books: Bad Science (2008), a critique of irrationality and certain forms of alternative medicine; Bad Pharma (2012), an examination of the pharmaceutical industry, its publishing and marketing practices, and its relationship with the medical profession; I Think You'll Find It's a Bit More Complicated Than That, a collection of his journalism; and Statins, about evidence-based medicine. Goldacre frequently delivers free talks about bad science; he describes himself as a "nerd evangelist". <mask> has also appeared on Geoff Marshall's YouTube channel expressing his love for railways during an episode about the least used station in Oxfordshire - Finstock. Early life and education
Goldacre is the son of Michael Goldacre, a professor of public health at the University of Oxford, and Susan Traynor (stage name Noosha Fox) lead singer of 1970s pop band Fox, both of whom are Australian.He is the nephew of Robyn Williams, a science journalist, and the great-great-grandson of Henry Parkes, politician and journalist who is considered the father of the Australian Federation. He has three children. Goldacre was educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford. He studied medicine at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he obtained a first-class Bachelor of Arts honours degree during his preclinical studies in 1995 in Physiological Sciences. He edited the Oxford student magazine, Isis. Goldacre was a visiting researcher in cognitive neuroscience at the University of Milan, working on fMRI brain scans of language and executive function. Following his studies at the Universities of Oxford and Milan, Goldacre studied clinical medicine at UCL Medical School, qualifying as a medical doctor in 2000 with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB, BS) degree.He also received a Master of Arts degree in philosophy from King's College London in 1997. Career and research

Scientific career
Goldacre passed the Member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (MRCPsych) Part II examinations in December 2005 and became a member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He was made a research fellow at the Institute of Psychiatry in London in 2008, and a Guardian research fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford, in 2009. In 2012, Goldacre was appointed a Wellcome Trust Research Fellow in Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. In 2015, Goldacre moved to the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, joining a project funded by a grant from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation. As of 2016, according to Scopus and Google Scholar his most cited articles have been published in NeuroReport, the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, the British Medical Journal, The Lancet, and PLOS ONE. In 2020, Goldacre was, with Liam Smeeth, the principal investigator of the OpenSAFELY collaboration which created a software platform to analyse the records of 24 million NHS patients to provide detailed risk factors for hospital deaths from COVID-19."Bad Science" Guardian column and blog
Goldacre was known for his weekly column, "Bad Science", which ran in the Saturday edition of The Guardian from 2003  until November 2011. The column focused on pseudoscience and the misuse of science. Topics discussed included marketing, the media, quackery, problems with the pharmaceutical industry, and its relationship with medical journals. Goldacre has criticised anti-immunisation campaigners (particularly followers of Andrew Wakefield such as Melanie Phillips and Jeni Barnett), Brain Gym, bogus positive MRSA swab stories in tabloid newspapers, publication bias, and the makers of the product Penta Water. He has been a particularly hardline critic of the nutritionist Gillian McKeith. While investigating McKeith's membership of the American Association of Nutritional Consultants, Goldacre obtained a  professional membership on behalf of his late cat, Henrietta, from the same institution for $60. In February 2007, McKeith agreed to stop using the title "Doctor" in her advertising, following a complaint to the Advertising Standards Authority by a "Bad Science" reader.In an interview with Richard Saunders of the podcast Skeptic Zone, Goldacre said, "Nutritionists are particularly toxic because they are the alternative therapists who, more than any other, misrepresent themselves as being men and women of science." In 2008, Matthias Rath, a vitamin entrepreneur, sued Goldacre and The Guardian over three articles, in which Goldacre criticised Rath's promotion of vitamin pills to AIDS sufferers in South African townships. Rath dropped his action in September 2008 and was ordered to pay initial costs of £220,000 to The Guardian. As of September 2008, the paper was seeking full costs of £500,000, and Goldacre had expressed an interest in writing a book about Rath and South Africa, as a chapter on the subject had to be cut from his book while the litigation proceeded. The chapter was reinstated in a later edition of the book, and also published online in 2009. Goldacre continues to cite Rath as a proponent of harmful pseudoscience. Support for Andrew Wakefield

Although challenging Andrew Wakefield's views about immunisation, Goldacre repeatedly defended Wakefield against an investigation by The Sunday Times into Wakefield's fraudulent 1998 paper in The Lancet, prompting criticism from the newspaper's reporter Brian Deer.Writing in The Guardian in September 2005, Goldacre argued:

The paper always was and still remains a perfectly good small case series report, but it was systematically misrepresented as being more than that, by media that are incapable of interpreting and reporting scientific data. Three years later, as Wakefield appeared at a General Medical Council hearing charged with "serious professional misconduct," Goldacre gave further endorsement:

I will now defend the heretic Dr Andrew Wakefield. The media are fingering the wrong man, and they know who should really take the blame: in MMR, journalists and editors have constructed their greatest hoax to date. Bad Science (2008)

Goldacre's first book, Bad Science, was published by Fourth Estate in September 2008. The book contains extended and revised versions of many of his Guardian columns. It was positively reviewed by the British Medical Journal (BMJ) and The Daily Telegraph, and reached the Top 10 bestseller list for Amazon Books. It was nominated for the 2009 Samuel Johnson Prize.In an interview in 2008, Goldacre said that "one of the central themes" of his book [Bad Science] was "that there are no real differences between the $600 billion pharmaceutical industry and the $50 billion food supplement pill industry." Bad Pharma (2012)

His second book, Bad Pharma: How Drug Companies Mislead Doctors and Harm Patients, was published in the UK in September 2012 and in the United States and Canada in February 2013. In the book he argues that:
Drugs are tested by the people who manufacture them, in poorly designed trials, on hopelessly small numbers of weird, unrepresentative patients, and analysed using techniques which are flawed by design, in such a way that they exaggerate the benefits of treatments. Unsurprisingly, these trials tend to produce results that favour the manufacturer. When trials throw up results that companies don't like, they are perfectly entitled to hide them from doctors and patients, so we only ever see a distorted picture of any drug's true effects. Regulators see most of the trial data, but only from early on in a drug's life, and even then they don't give this data to doctors or patients, or even to other parts of government. This distorted evidence is then communicated and applied in a distorted fashion.In their forty years of practice after leaving medical school, doctors hear about what works through ad hoc oral traditions, from sales reps, colleagues or journals. But those colleagues can be in the pay of drug companies – often undisclosed – and the journals are too. And so are the patient groups. And finally, academic papers, which everyone thinks of as objective, are often covertly planned and written by people who work directly for the companies, without disclosure. Other journalism and writing
Goldacre contributed to The Atheist's Guide to Christmas (2009), a charity book featuring essays and anecdotes from 42 well-known atheists and apatheists, on the subject of "the power of ideas". He describes himself as an apatheist. He also wrote the foreword to a reissue of Testing Treatments: Better Research for Better Healthcare by Imogen Evans, Hazel Thornton, Iain Chalmers and Paul Glasziou, published by Pinter & Martin in March 2010.He has had several articles published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) on the MMR vaccine, science journalism, and related topics. In June 2012, he collaborated with the Behavioural Insights Team of the UK government on a policy paper on the use of randomised controlled trials, and in May 2013, he wrote the foreword to the 'Official Guidebook' of the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway. In March 2014, he worked on a systematic review of the side effects of statins compared with placebos, published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. Although many newspapers that covered the review said that it found that statins have "virtually no side effects", Goldacre criticized this coverage as inaccurate. For example, he noted that the study relied on data from trial reports, which are likely to be incomplete. Several of Goldacre's articles were assembled into the October 2014 release I Think You'll Find It's a Bit More Complicated Than That. He was appointed Chair of the NHS HealthTech Advisory Board by Matt Hancock in September 2018.Awards and honours
Goldacre has won several awards including:
 Association of British Science Writers (ABSW) award for Best Feature 2003 for his article "Never mind the facts". Association of British Science Writers award for Best Feature 2005 for his article "Don't dumb me down". Freelance of 2006 at the Medical Journalism Awards. The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP) presented in 2006 the Balles Prize in Critical Thinking award for his column in The Guardian U.K. newspaper, Bad Science Columns include "Dyslexia 'cure' fails to pass the tests", "Bring me a God helmet, and bring it now", "Kick the habit with wacky wave energy", "Brain Gym exercises do pupils no favors" and "Magnetic attraction? Shhhh. It's a secret"
 The inaugural Statistical Excellence In Journalism Award of the Royal Statistical Society for his article "When the facts get in the way of a story". The HealthWatch Award from HealthWatch.Honorary Doctor of Science at Heriot-Watt University (June 2009). Honorary Doctor of Science at Loughborough University (July 2010). Member of the Order of the British Empire (New Year's Honours List 2018). References

External links
 "Bad Science", Goldacre's column for The Guardian
 <mask>re part 1 on ABC Radio National's The Science Show], 1 November 2008 (with audio and transcript)
 Pulse Project podcast, 12 May 2009, Skeptics in the Pub Oxford (radio show with Goldacre)
 Standup on the placebo effect at Nerdstock, December 2009 (video)
 <mask> biography, phc.ox.ac.uk; accessed 27 July 2015. 1974 births
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of the UCL Medical School
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
British male journalists
British people of Australian descent
British psychiatrists
Critics of alternative medicine
English columnists
English science writers
English sceptics
Living people
Medical journalists
People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford
Science activists
Science journalists
The Guardian journalists
21st-century British journalists
British health activists

masks:
Ben Michael Goldacre
Ben
Ben Goldac
Ben Goldacre


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<mask> is a saint in the tradition of Sant Mat.He was usually known as 'Gurumaharaj'. He was the guru of 'Akhil Bhartiye Santmat Satsang'. He studied Vedas, main Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Bible, different sutras of Buddhism, the Quran, saint's literature and from this assessed that the essential teaching contained in all of these is one and the same. He gave one and easiest method to get 'Moksha'. They are 'Satsang' and 'Dhyan'(Meditation). <mask> was a direct disciple of Baba Devi Sahab of Muradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Early life
<mask> was born on  in a small village of Bihar, Majhua (Khoskhsi Shyam), India.He studied from early age alone and then with  Baba Devi Sahab, in 1909. As directed by his teacher, Mehi spent many years in intense meditation in an ashram located in Manihari of the Katihar district. Life
Maharshi <mask> was born in  at his maternal grandparents’ home in Khokhsi Shyam Village, in Saharsa, Bihar, India. His grandmother's home was in Shikli garh Dharahara, Banmankhi, in the Purnia district. There was a cave in which he used to go there for meditation. His father was called Babujan Lal Das. The family astrologer named him as Ramanugrah Lal Das based on his astrological charts, a name that is also found in Mehi's school records.His adopted name Mehi means lean and thin and also sharp or subtle. About two decades later when Ramanugrah La Das came into contact with his guru, Baba Devi Sahab, the latter, impressed by his exceptionally sharp intellect, also started calling him "Mehi". <mask>'s mother, Janakwati Devi, died when he was four years old. His elder sister was very kind to him and she and his father took a very good care of him. He was admitted to the village school, when he turned eight. At this school learning was imparted in the local Kaithi script. At home he saw his father reciting regularly from the great epic the Ramcharitmanas composed by the poet sant Goswami Tulsidas ji.His father often turned very emotional while reciting and at times burst into tears. This made <mask> curious to know the contents of the epic. As the epic was printed in the Devanagari script he could not read it at first. However, he labored to correlate the alphabets of Devanagri from those of Kaithi and soon he could learn Devanagri script as well. The Ram charit manas left a deep impact on his mind and several of its quartets and couplets became known to him by heart. He also learnt English, Urdu and Persian languages at the secondary school. In his childhood days Maharshi <mask> Paramhans was a worshipper of Lord Shiva, but his method of worshipping was unique: he would drive a nail into the ground, make it an offering of water and then sit in its front in meditation.As a teenager, he was a very good player of soccer. Impressed with his skills at dabbling the ball, his friends made him the team captain. However, very soon he began to lose interest in playing as well as formal studies even as he developed an intense fondness for study of religious scriptures like the Sukhsagar and the Mahabharat apart from the Ramcharitmanas. He would very often retire into solitude while his friends were busy playing and study these books. His disinterest for schooling and formal studies kept waxing progressively and reached its climax on 3 July 1904. Half yearly exams of Class X were on and it was the second paper – English. The first question read: "Quote from memory the poem ‘Builders’ and explain it in your own English."Answering the question, he quoted the first four lines, as reproduced below, and began to explain these. The lines of the poem were:

"For the structure that we raise,
time is with material's field,
our todays and yesterdays,
are the blocks with which we build." - Maharshi Mehi

While explaining the central message of the above lines he got overwhelmed with such a strong surge of emotion of renunciation that he stood up and asked the invigilator, "May I go out, Sir?" Thinking that he wanted to go to toilet, the invigilator granted the permission but little did he know that this young lad was not merely going out of the examination hall briefly but had decided to bid adieu to the very household life for good. In fact, <mask> had made already three unsuccessful attempts to flee home, but this time his determination was rock solid and he was never ever to look back again. Gurus
Baba Devi Sahab was the main spiritual Guru of <mask>. However, before he met Baba Devi Sahab, his intense yearning for true emancipation had led him to three other gurus (spiritual teacher).In accordance with his family tradition, <mask> was initiated by Mr Ram Jha, a Brahmin priest from Darbhanga district of the state of Bihar, in 1902. Mr Jha was a worshipper of Lord Shiva and Mother Goddess Kali and was very fond of hunting. He, in his later years, lost his eyesight and just had a feeling that this (loss of vision) was the consequence of his previous acts of killing birds & animals. He, therefore, preached Mehi never to commit violence. Ramanand Swami, a sadhu of Dariyapanth (a sect named after Sant Dariya Sahab of Bihar), was Mehi's second guru. Ramanand Swami taught Mehi to practice 'Manas Jap' (internally chanting or repeatedly reciting a sacred mantra), 'Manas Dhyan' (trying to concentrate internally on the form of a sacred deity or Guru) and 'Bahya Drishti Sadahan' (stilling gaze at a target in the outside, not within ). However, through a study of saintly literature and relevant spiritual Scriptures Mehi had come to realise that the knowledge of Sound/Word Meditation (Surat Shabda Yoga) was a must for total liberation – a domain Ramanand Swami was not conversant with.Curious questioning about the 'sara shabda'(Quintessential Unstruck Sound) by <mask> often irritated or even infuriated his guru Ramanand Swami ji which left <mask> dissatisfied and fully convinced that he would have to find another suitable guru. He, thus, remained restless and on the look out for a complete Guru. He would rush to several places wherever he heard of the possibility of seeing a person who could guide him in Sound Meditation. It was his incessant search, that was far and wide, that led Mehi to a disciple of Baba Devi Sahab named Mr Dhiraj Lal from Jotramrai, the very same village where <mask> had been staying in attendance upon Ramanand Swami. <mask> was deeply satisfied with the clarifications offered by Mr. Dhiraj Lal on a number of topics that had been puzzling Mehi for a long time. It was difficult to find free time during the day for he had to attend to various duties instructed by his erstwhile guru. So, after getting free from his duties towards Ramanand Swami Ji in the night he would approach Mr Dhiraj Lal and the two had absorbing discussions from midnight to about 3 AM and this went on for about three months (May – July 1909) till <mask> became finally convinced that he had landed in the right spot and that Baba Devi Sahab was indeed the true Guru he had been looking for.However, since Baba Devi Sahab lived at Moradabad of U.P., Mr Dhiraj Lal advised <mask> to approach, in the meanwhile, and have initiation from Mr. Rajendra Nath Singh of Bhagalpur, a place that was relatively nearer. Mr Rajendra Nath, an initiate of Baba Devi Sahab, was an advocate by profession. He had some preliminary discussions with <mask> and saw in him a genuine seeker thirsting for freedom from the bondage of BMI (Body-Mind-Intellect-Ego Complex). He gladly gave initiation to <mask>, teaching him the art of 'drishti sadhan'(the Yoga of Inner Light – a technique to still one's gaze in the inner sky in front of the centre of the two eyes, called variously as the Sushumna, Sukhamana, the Ajna Chakra, the Third Eye, the Tenth Door, the Shiva Netra etc. )aimed at transcending the Gross Sphere, the Realm of Darkness and, thus, moving into the Realm of Light, the Astral Plane. As the grateful <mask> tried to touch Mr. Rajendra Nath's feet in reverence, the latter forcibly stopped him and told, "Look, I am not your Guru. I have only explained you the method as authorised by Sadguru Baba Devi Sahab.Baba Devi Sahab, not I, is your Guru." <mask> replied, "Yes, of course, he is my Guru and your Guru also, but since you have taught me this (drishti Sadahn), you are also like my Guru." Thus, Mr Rajendra Nath Singh may be treated to be his third Guru. After having been initiated into Santmat and becoming fully satisfied, <mask>, as advised by his friends, returned to where his father (who became ecstatic to see his son back home) lived and waited to see Baba Devi Sahab. The momentous occasion finally came during the festival of Dashahara (celebrated generally in the month of October) when Baba Devi Sahab arrived at Bhagalpur. When Mr Dhiraj Lal informed <mask> of the programme of Baba Devi Sahab's visit to Bhagalpur, <mask> got excited like a child and rushed to see his Guru. It was on the auspicious day of Vijayadashami of 1909 that he got to have his first glimpse of his Guru – a true Guru had got a true disciple and successor who was to take Santmat to the dizzier pinnacles of glory.Literature

List of Books Authored by or About Maharshi <mask> Paramhans:
 Moksha Darshan (Philosophy of Liberation), Translated into English from Hindi by Professor Veena Howard, University of Oregon Eugene
 Excerpt of the Biography of Maharshi <mask> in English
 Santmat-Siddhant aur Guru-Kirtan
 Satsang Yoga (Part I – IV)
 Ramcharitmanas Sar Sateek
 Vinay-Patrika Sar Sateek
 Bhavarth-Sahit Ghat Ramayan Padavali
 Mehi Padavali
 Satsang Sudha, Part I
 Satsang Sudha, Part II
 Shri Gita Yoga Prakash
 Veda Darshan Yoga
 Ishwara Swaroop aur Usaki Prapti
 Santvani Sateek
 Jnana Yoga Yukta Ishwara Bhakti

Notes

Sant Mat gurus
1885 births
1986 deaths
People from Bhagalpur
People from Saharsa district

masks:
Maharshi Mehi Paramhans
Mehi
Maharshi Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi
Mehi


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<mask><mask> (born January 21, 1950) is an attorney and partner in the Washington office of the international law firm of Paul Hastings, LLP. He specializes in White-collar crime and federal and state government investigations. <mask> is also an Adjunct Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, where he teaches a course in Global Anti-Corruption. Formerly, <mask> taught Advanced Criminal Law and Labor Racketeering at the University of Virginia School of Law. <mask> is a graduate of Harvard University (B.A. degree) and Harvard Law School (J.D. degree), and a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University.Before attending Harvard Law School, <mask> worked as the Deputy Chief of the Washington Bureau for the Providence Journal. <mask> took a leave of absence in 1984 to work as Senior Speechwriter for the campaign of Geraldine Ferraro. He worked in the US Department of Justice, specializing in Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) enforcement, and helped supervise the ABSCAM investigation of the early 1980s. Since entering private practice, he has represented both witnesses and investigative targets in independent counsel, criminal, and congressional investigations, foreign corporations under FCPA investigation, In the course of his career, <mask> has argued not only in federal District Courts and numerous Courts of Appeal, but has also appeared before the United States Supreme Court. <mask> is admitted to the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, the United States Court of Appeals for the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th,7th, 8th, 9th, 11th Circuits, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. Practice

<mask> currently specializes in complex criminal and civil litigation at both the trial and appellate levels.Over the course of his career, he has represented foreign corporations, financial institutions, cabinet secretaries, federal judges and members of Congress. In 1995, <mask> successfully represented a sitting federal judge in a criminal appeal to the Supreme Court, resulting in a landmark case narrowing the construction of the general perjury statute. In 2004, <mask> successfully represented the Assessor for Orange County, California in a Constitutional tax case involving $5–8 billion. In 2011, <mask> represented White House senior advisor and chief political strategist Karl Rove, representing Rove in the special investigations into the outing of covert operative Valerie Plame's position within the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as a weapons of mass destruction (WMD) specialist. <mask> was lead counsel for Lance Armstrong after the June 2012 allegations of blood doping by the US Anti-Doping Agency, a quasi-official American sports governing entity. Since 2012, <mask> has focused on civil and criminal investigations under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and has represented foreign corporations in three of the five largest FCPA investigations ever resolved by the DOJ and SEC: the settlement agreements in the investigations of Alstom, Total and Technip. Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist James B. Stewart singled out <mask> as a lawyer who, unlike most criminal lawyers, was prepared to be candid with prosecutors, not permit his client to lie, and come forward with information.Stewart wrote further: "These cases also illustrate that criminal defense lawyers have much to answer for. To his credit, Rove's lawyer <mask> promptly revealed a damaging e-mail and had Rove amend his earlier testimiony that he didn't speak to Time's Matt Cooper. But other defense lawyers allowed their clients to lie in circumstances where they knew or should have known they were doing so." Fee Forfeiture

In 1997, US Attorney Sheldon Whitehouse of Rhode Island accused <mask> of "willful blindness" for accepting $505,125 in gold bars as well as Swiss Wire transfers of $169,000 from Stephen Saccoccia, after <mask> represented Saccoccia post-conviction. Whitehouse argued that Saccoccia's payments to <mask> were related to Saccoccia's broad money-laundering scheme and that the money should be returned to the government. The Court of Appeals for the First Circuit considered Whitehouse's forfeiture claims in two separate opinions and both times ruled that there was no basis to seek forfeitures from Saccoccia's attorneys. William Moffitt, VP of the National Association of Defense Lawyers, supported <mask>: "if the case gets a high profile [or] they don't like the lawyer in it, they can immediately open this kind of assault," adding  "if you plead your client guilty, they're never going to go after your fee.So there's an incentive here to give the government what it wants." In 1998, <mask> settled with the government, forfeiting $245,000 in fees. Whitehouse, on the other hand, went on to lose his 2002 gubernatorial bid due to civil rights controversies  during his tenure as State Attorney General. Personal life

Despite representing President Bush's top political advisor Karl Rove, <mask> is a proud Democrat and has donated to numerous Democratic causes. A Washington Post profile in 2011 described him as a "man of somewhat Neiman-Marxist tastes". In 1995, <mask> was surprised to find himself described as the first male lawyer to wear an earring while arguing a case before the Supreme Court, before clarifying that if he believed that the earring would ever adversely affect his client's interests, then it would be "out in a flash." <mask> splits his time between West Tisbury, and Washington, D.C.. <mask> often rides his motorcycle to work when in Washington.For longer trips, <mask>, a pilot, will fly his Cirrus SR-20 airplane. <mask> is married and has two sons and two step daughters. <mask>'s step-daughters are currently in college, while his sons are working: one is based in the Middle East; the other is a public defender in Lafayette, Louisiana. See also
 Plame affair
 RICO
 FCPA

References

External links
Official Biography at Patton Boggs
The Liberal on Karl Rove's Case
<mask> Receives 45 Gold Bars From Stolen Assets

American legal scholars
American Rhodes Scholars
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Harvard University alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Lawyers from Chicago
1950 births
Living people
People associated with the Plame affair
Paul Hastings partners

masks:
Robert D
. Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Robert Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Robert Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Luskin
Robert Luskin


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<mask> (16 September 1910 – 7 December 1971) was an Irish hurler who played as a left wing-back for the Kilkenny senior team. Born in Freshford, County Kilkenny, Phelan arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-one when he first linked up with the Kilkenny senior team. He made his debut in the 1931 championship. Phelan went on to play a key part for more than a decade, and won four All-Ireland medals, eight Leinster medals and one National Hurling League medal. Phelan was an All-Ireland runner-up on four occasions. Phelan represented the Leinster inter-provincial team for a remarkable thirteen years, winning four Railway Cup medals in 1932, 1933, 1936 and 1941. At club level he won three championship medals with Tullaroan.Throughout his career, Phelan made 42 championship appearances for Kilkenny. His retirement came following Kilkenny's defeat in the 1942 championship. His grandnephew, D. J. Carey, was a five-time All-Ireland medallist with Kilkenny. Phelan has been repeatedly voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including as wing-back on the Hurling Team of the Century in 1984 and the Hurling Team of the Millennium in 2000. Playing career

Club

Phelan played his club hurling with Tullaroan and enjoyed much success during a lengthy career. In 1930 he lined out in his first championship decider, as Tullaroan fought back after a period of decline. A 4–4 to 0–3 trouncing of senior hurling novices Urlingford gave Phelan a first championship medal.Tullaroan surrendered their championship crown the following year, but returned to the decider again in 1933. A high-scoring 6–5 to 5–4 defeat of Carrickshock gave Phelan a second championship medal. Carrickshock stood in the way of a second successive championship for Tullaroan in 1934, however, they proved no match. A 6–6 to 1–5 victory gave Phelan his third and final championship medal. Inter-county

Phelan made his senior inter-county debut for Kilkenny the early stages of the 1931 championship. After a shock defeat by Laois in 1930, both sides met in the provincial decider the following year. A 4–7 to 4–2 victory gave Phelan his first Leinster medal.6 September 1931 saw Kilkenny face Cork in the All-Ireland final for the first time in five years. The first half was closely contested, with a goal from Mick Ahern helping Cork to a half-time lead of 1–3 to 0–2. Cork stretched the advantage to six points in the second half, but Kilkenny came storming back with a goal and then four points on the trot to take the lead by one point. In the dying moments Eudie Coughlan got possession and made his way towards the goal. As he did so he slipped and fell but struck the sliotar while he was down on his knees, and it went over the bar for the equalising point. A 1–6 apiece draw was the result. 11 October 1931 was the date of the replay and proved to be just as exciting a contest as the first game.A winner still couldn't be found and both sides finished level again at 2–5 apiece. After this game officials pressed for extra time, however, Cork captain Eudie Coughlan rejected this. It was also suggested at a meeting of Council that both teams be declared joint champions and that half an All-Ireland medal by given to each player. This motion was later defeated. As the All-Ireland saga went to a third meeting on 1 November 1931, Kilkenny's inspirational captain Lory Meagher was ruled out of the game because of broken ribs sustained in the first replay. Such was the esteem in which he was held the game was virtually conceded to Cork. In spite of fielding a younger team, Kilkenny were defeated by Cork on a score line of 5–8 to 3–4.Kilkenny retained their provincial crown in 1932, with <mask> adding a second Leinster medal to his collection following a 4–6 to 3–5 defeat of Dublin. The All-Ireland final on 4 September 1932 saw Clare provide the opposition for the first time in almost twenty years. In a low-scoring game, Clare's Tull Considine scored two goals and was foiled for what would almost certainly have been a third. These goals were negated by Kilkenny's three goal-scoring heroes Matty Power, Martin White and Lory Meagher, who scored a remarkable goal from a line ball. The final score of 3–3 to 2–3 gave victory to Kilkenny and gave Phelan an All-Ireland medal. 1933 saw Phelan add a National Hurling League medal to his collection following a 3–8 to 1–3 defeat of Limerick. He later won a third successive Leinster medal following a stunning comeback against Dublin and a 7–5 to 2–5 victory.The All-Ireland final on 3 September 1933 saw a record crowd of 45,176 travel to Croke Park to see Kilkenny face and up-and-coming Limerick. After being level at the interval, the game remained close in the second half until a solo-run goal by Johnny Dunne sealed a 1–7 to 0–6 victory. It was Phelan's second consecutive All-Ireland medal. After surrendering their provincial crown to Dublin in 1934, Kilkenny faced Laois in the decider again the following year. A 3–8 to 0–6 victory gave Phelan a fourth Leinster medal. Another record crowd gathered at Croke Park for the All-Ireland final between Kilkenny and Limerick on 1 September 1935. In spite of rain falling throughout the entire game both sides served up a classic.At the beginning of the second-half Lory Meagher sent over a huge point from midfield giving Kilkenny a lead which they wouldn't surrender. A narrow 2–5 to 2–4 victory gave Phelan a third All-Ireland medal. Kilkenny dominated the provincial series again in 1936 and Phelan won his fifth Leinster medal following a 4–6 to 2–5 defeat of Laois. The lure of a Kilkenny-Limerick clash brought a record crowd of over 50,000 to Croke Park for the All-Ireland decider on 6 September 1936. The first half produced a game that lived up to the previous clashes, and Limerick had a two-point advantage at half-time. In the second half Limerick took over and Phelan's side were completely outclassed on a 5–6 to 1–5 score line. Kilkenny had been in decline for a number of seasons, however, a 5–3 to 2–4 defeat of provincial final debutantes Westmeath game Phelan his sixth Leinster medal.The subsequent All-Ireland final against Tipperary took place at Fitzgerald Stadium, Killarney on 5 September 1937. Tipp gave a tour de force performance and recorded a 3–11 to 0–3 victory in one of the most one-sided championship deciders ever. After surrendering their provincial crown to Dublin in 1938, Kilkenny bounced back the following year. A 2–12 to 4–3 victory gave Phelan a seventh Leinster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland final pitted Kilkenny against Cork. In one of the most iconic championship deciders of all-time, played on the day that World War II broke out, the climax of the game was played in a ferocious thunder storm. While a draw looked likely as the hour drew to a close, Phelan sent a seventy-yard free in towards the Cork goalmouth.The sliotar was gobbled up by the defence and cleared, but only as far as Jimmy Kelly who sent it straight over the bar for a one-point lead. Immediately after the puck-out the referee blew the whistle and Kilkenny were victorious on a score line of 2–7 to 3–3. The win gave Phelan a fourth All-Ireland medal. Phelan secured an eighth Leinster medal in 1940, as Kilkenny retained their provincial crown following a 3–6 to 2–5 defeat of Dublin. The subsequent All-Ireland decider on 1 September 1940 brought Kilkenny and Limerick together for the last great game between the two outstanding teams of the decade. Early in the second-half Kilkenny took a four-point lead, however, once Mick Mackey was deployed at midfield he proceeded to dominate the game. Limerick hung on to win the game on a score line of 3–7 to 1–7.In 1941 and 1942 Phelan was denied a ninth Leinster medal as Dublin defeated Kilkenny in back-to-back provincial deciders. He retired from inter-county hurling following the latter defeat. Inter-provincial

Phelan also had the honour of lining out with Leinster in the inter-provincial series of games. His inter-provincial hurling career had something of an unorthodox beginning as he had never played inter-county hurling when he made his Leinster debut. On the day of the 1930 decider, the provincial selectors were left shorthanded by some last minute defections and were short a goalkeeper. Phelan was persuaded to play in goal, however, Munster triumphed by 4–6 to 2–7. In 1932 Phelan won his first Railway Cup medal following a 6–8 to 4–4 defeat of Munster.The province made it two-in-a-row the following year, and a 4–6 to 3–6 defeat of Munster gave Phelan a second Railway Cup medal. Munster secured their own two-in-a-row over the next few seasons, however, Leinster bounced back in 1936. A 2–8 to 3–4 defeat of old rivals Munster gave Phelan a third Railway Cup medal. In 1941 Leinster foiled Munster's bid for five successive titles. A narrow 2–5 to 2–4 victory gave Phelan a fourth Railway Cup medal. Recognition

Phelan was recognised a number of times as one of the greatest players of all-time. For example, more than a decade after his death, Phelan was recognised during the Gaelic Athletic Association's centenary year in 1984 when he was chosen at left wing-back on the Hurling Team of the Century.In 1988 he was chosen on a special Tullaroan team to celebrate the centenary of the club's foundation. Phelan was later named at right wing-back on the Hurling Team of the Millennium in 2000, while he was also named in the left wing-back position on a special Kilkenny Team of the Century. Honours

Team

Tullaroan
Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1930, 1933, 1934

Kilkenny
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (4): 1932, 1933, 1935, 1939
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (8): 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935 (c), 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940
National Hurling League (1): 1932–33

Leinster
Railway Cup (4): 1932, 1933, 1936, 1941

Individual

Honours
Hurling Team of the Millennium: Right wing-back
Hurling Team of the Century: Left wing-back
Kilkenny Team of the Century: Left wing-back
Tullaroan Team of the Century: Left wing-back
GAA Hall of Fame Inductee: 2013

References

1910 births
1971 deaths
Tullaroan hurlers
Kilkenny inter-county hurlers
Leinster inter-provincial hurlers
Hurling goalkeepers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners

masks:
Patrick Phelan
Phelan


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<mask> (born March 16, 1984) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and amateur boxer who competes in the Bellator MMA flyweight division. As of February 1, 2022, she is #8 in the Bellator Women's Flyweight Rankings. Background
<mask> grew up in Jaú, São Paulo in a family of soccer players. She had an appreciation for martial arts from a young age and started to practice Brazilian jiu-jitsu in 2004. She is currently married to her trainer Pedro Iglesias. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> began her professional MMA career in 2005. She initially fought only for Brazilian promotions such as Storm Samurai and Champions Night and faced opponents including Carina Damm, Cris Cyborg and Brazilian kickboxing champion Juliana Werner Aguiar.She defeated Aguiar on three occasions. With a record of five wins and two losses, <mask> signed with the U.S.-based Fatal Femmes Fighting promotion. Fatal Femmes Fighting and Revolution Fight Club
<mask> made her FFF debut against Tonya Evinger on July 14, 2007 at Fatal Femmes Fighting 2. She defeated Evinger via submission due to an armbar in the first round. <mask> was expected to face FFF bantamweight champion Roxanne Modafferi on November 3, 2007 at Fatal Femmes Fighting 3. However, Modafferi was removed from the event due to a shoulder injury and was replaced by Hitomi Akano. <mask> defeated Akano via split decision after five rounds.Her match for the FFF bantamweight title against Modafferi happened on April 3, 2008 at Fatal Femmes Fighting 4. <mask> lost via TKO for the first time in her MMA career. <mask> faced Germaine de Randamie on December 19, 2008 at Revolution Fight Club 2. She won via submission due to an armbar in the first round. Return to Brazilian promotions
Between December 2008 and March 2011, <mask> amassed five victories and suffered a single loss against Amanda Nunes. On October 28, 2011, <mask> defeated Jennifer Maia via technical submission due to an armbar at Kumite MMA Combate. <mask> became the first Pink Fight champion at 132 pounds on March 10, 2012 when she knocked out Luana Teixeira at Pink Fight 2.In mid-2012, after a long time away from American promotions, <mask> signed with Invicta Fighting Championships. Invicta Fighting Championships
<mask> was expected to make her Invicta FC debut against Kelly Kobold on July 28, 2012 at Invicta FC 2: Baszler vs. McMann. However, Kobold suffered a shoulder injury and Porto instead faced Sarah D'Alelio. Porto lost the fight via submission due to a reverse triangle armbar in the first round. <mask> dropped down to 125 pounds and faced Tara LaRosa on October 6, 2012 at Invicta FC 3: Penne vs. Sugiyama. She won the fight via unanimous decision. Porto then fought against Barb Honchak on April 5, 2013 at Invicta FC 5: Penne vs. Waterson in a five-round match to determine the first-ever Invicta FC flyweight champion.She lost the fight via unanimous decision. Porto faced Zoila Frausto Gurgel on December 7, 2013 at Invicta FC 7. She won the fight via unanimous decision. Porto was expected to face Roxanne Modafferi at Invicta FC 10: Waterson vs. Tiburcioon December 5, 2014. However she was replaced by Andrea Lee  due to visa issue. Porto the fought Roxanne Modafferi at Invicta FC 12: Kankaanpää vs. Souza on Friday, April 24, 2015. She won the fight via unanimous decision.On March 11, 2016, Porto face Jennifer Maia second time at Invicta FC 16: Hamasaki vs. Brown. She lost the fight via unanimous decision. At her next fight, she faced Agnieszka Niedźwiedź at Invicta FC 23: Porto vs. Niedźwiedź. She lost the fight after three round with the judges handed down a win to Niedzwiedz via a unanimous decision. Porta was expected to face Jessica-Rose Clark on December 8, 2018 at Invicta FC 26: Maia vs. Niedwiedz; however, Clark was replaced byd Milana Dudieva. At the weight-ins, Porta weight 127.6 Ibs, misse weight by 2.6 Ibs of the upper flyweight limit of 125 Ibs, and was fined twenty five percent of her purse. The bout proceeded at catchweight.Porta won the fight via technical knocked out on round three. One month later, she fought against Mariana Morais on January 13, 2018 at Invicta FC 27: Kaufman vs. Kianzad. She won the fight via a rear-naked choke on round one. Porto faced Pearl Gonzalez for the vacant Invicta FC Flyweight World Championship at Invicta FC 34 on February 15, 2019. She won the fight via technical decision after an eye poke rendered Porto unable to continue. Porto was supposed to make her first title defense against Karina Rodríguez at Invicta FC 38: Murato vs. Ducote on November 1, 2019. However, Rodríguez missed weight by a pound and she was unable to compete for the title.She won the bout via unanimous decision. Bellator MMA

On September 2, 2020 it was announced that <mask> was vacating her Invicta title and signing with Bellator MMA. As the first bout of her four-fight contract, <mask> made her promotional debut against Liz Carmouche on April 9, 2021 at Bellator 256. She lost the bout via unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to face Ilara Joanne on June 11, 2021 at Bellator 260. However, after weigh-ins, she was deemed unfit to compete by the commission and the bout was scrapped. The bout was rescheduled for July 31, 2021 at Bellator 263.Porto won the close bout via split decision.

masks:
Vanessa Alessandra Teixeira Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Vanessa
Porto
Porto


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<mask> (born 4 April 1977) is an English television presenter, magician, and comedian. He began his television career on CITV, appearing in the children's shows Finger Tips (2001–2008) and Tricky TV (2005–2010). Mulhern has presented various television shows for ITV, including Britain's Got More Talent (2007–2019), Animals Do the Funniest Things (2007–2011), This Morning's Hub (2011–2014), Catchphrase (2013–present), Big Star's Little Star (2013–2018), In for a Penny (2019–present) and Rolling In It (2020–present). He also co-hosted the Sunday breakfast show on Heart Radio, alongside Emma Willis, and the 'Ant vs Dec' segment on Saturday Night Takeaway. Early life and education
Mulhern's parents were market traders. He attended Rokeby Secondary School in Canning Town, East London. Career

Magic
Mulhern gained his interest in comedy and magic from his father, who taught him tricks when he was 11 years old.The family spent their holidays at Butlin's Minehead in Somerset, where Mulhern began performing in public. He became the youngest member of The Magic Circle, which brought about an appearance on Blue Peter in a piece about Harry Houdini. Mulhern was later suspended from The Magic Circle for revealing a magic trick on the children's  television programme Finger Tips. The suspension was eventually lifted. After leaving school, he created a magic show under the title <mask>'s Mega Mad Magic Show. Turned down at age 18 by Michael Barrymore for My Kind of People, he won another television talent show called The Big Big Talent Show which was hosted by Jonathan Ross, and as a result, in 1997 whas invited to take part in the Royal Variety Performance at the Victoria Palace Theatre. Mulhern has appeared on the Disney Channel and then on CITV alongside Holly Willoughby on Saturday Showdown.His television credits since have included The Quick Trick Show and more recently Tricky TV. In 2005, Mulhern created and presented the Channel 4 magic show Freaky. In 2006, he performed a magic routine in an episode of The Slammer and came in second place. The dance group Flawless, who went on to perform on Britain's Got Talent (a spin-off show of which Mulhern presents), came first. Mulhern's 2010 entertainment show Magic Numbers featured magic and illusions during the phone-in process. For his Tricky TV series, he used glamour models and bodybuilders, or viewers of the programme and their mothers. He also often uses female celebrities.Most notable of these is his former Saturday Showdown co-host Holly Willoughby, who has assisted him on many occasions in a variety of illusions including being sawn in half and beheaded with a guillotine. Other celebrity assistants have included the singers Katherine Jenkins, Rachel Stevens, Louise Redknapp and the actress Mischa Barton. Radio
On 5 August 2012, Mulhern began co-presenter of Sunday breakfast from 9am to 12pm with  Emma Willis across the Heart Network. The duo occasionally present the Heart London Breakfast show when regular hosts, Jamie Theakston and Emma Bunton are away. In 2021, Mulhern began presenting shows on Virgin Radio UK. He covered Graham Norton in the weekend morning 9:30am to 12:30pm slot in August and also presented a week of the Chris Evans Breakfast Show in December. Television

Mulhern began presenting on CITV in 1998.He co-hosted four series of Finger Tips with Fearne Cotton from 2001 until 2003 and with Naomi Wilkinson in 2004. He presented children's show Tricky TV from 2005 to 2010. He also co-hosted Holly & <mask>'s Saturday Showdown (originally called Ministry of Mayhem) with Holly Willoughby from 2004 to 2006. From 2006 to 2007, Mulhern hosted the ITV2 spin-off Dancing on Ice: Defrosted, while Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby hosted the main show. From 2007 to 2019, Mulhern hosted ITV2 spin-off Britain's Got More Talent, which aired immediately after the main ITV show, which is hosted by Ant & Dec. Since 2013, Mulhern has become associated with the word 'unbelievable' which slowly became his catchphrase, usually used on Britain's Got More Talent as he walks offscreen at the end of a section, with Ant & Dec often mimicking him and is also known for saying "doosh!". From 2009 to 2011, Mulhern narrated the ITV entertainment show Animals Do the Funniest Things.Mulhern regularly presented inside 'The Hub', a small segment on the ITV daytime show This Morning. He most recently hosted the segment on Thursday and Friday mornings although had previously hosted on Wednesdays and Thursdays until the departure of Matt Johnson in the summer of 2013. Mulhern has occasionally presented the main show, standing in for the regular presenters. In 2010, he hosted primetime game show Magic Numbers on ITV. Mulhern has hosted numerous episodes of The Big Quiz. Since April 2013, Mulhern has presented a revived version of ITV game show Catchphrase. In September 2013, Mulhern began presenting ITV's Big Star's Little Star, a show which sees celebrities and their children compete to win up to £15,000 for charity.On 27 October 2013, Mulhern began hosting a live Sunday morning show called Sunday Side Up on ITV. On 21 December 2013, Mulhern hosted entertainment special The Illusionists on ITV. On 14 September 2014, Mulhern guest hosted an episode of Sunday Night at the Palladium. In early 2015, Mulhern presented the primetime ITV reality series Get Your Act Together. On 5 February 2015, he began presenting ITV2 panel show Reality Bites . In 2015, he presented The Magic Show Story a one-off special for ITV and The Saturday Night Story, a two-part series focusing on Saturday night television. In 2015, Mulhern presented Pick Me!, a daytime game show for ITV as well as ITV's annual charity telethon Text Santa.In March 2015, Mulhern became a victim of the Ant & Dec Undercover segment on Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway. In February 2016, <mask> became the presenter of the 'Ant vs Dec' segment on Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway after replacing Ashley Roberts. In 2016, Mulhern presented Go for It, and co-hosted The Next Great Magician alongside Rochelle Humes for ITV. On 12 April 2018, it was announced that Mulhern would host The National Lottery Draws on ITV. In 2019, Mulhern presented In For A Penny, which is based on a segment he presents on Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway of the same name. In August 2020, Mulhern began presenting a new game show on ITV, Rolling In It, featuring both contestants and celebrities. In February 2022, Mulhern guest presented Dancing On Ice whilst Phillip Schofield self-isolates from COVID-19.Filmography
Television

Radio

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Butlins Redcoats
English game show hosts
English magicians
English male musical theatre actors
English people of Irish descent
English television presenters
Heart (radio network)
People educated at St Bonaventure's Catholic School
People from Minehead
People from Stratford, London

masks:
Stephen Daniel Mulhern
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen