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 in late 1930 the economy went into a deep slump, as gross national product declined dramatically and numerous workers lost their jobs. While numerous banks failed, Democrats won control of Congress in the 1930 mid-term elections. As the economy declined, so did <mask>'s popularity, which was further damaged by his opposition to another bonus bill for veterans. In mid-1931, the country entered a deep depression and, at Hoover's request, <mask> negotiated a moratorium on German debt repayments. After <mask> returned to the United States in August 1931, he was confronted by another series of bank failures. Among the banks that failed was the Bank of Pittsburgh, the lone remaining major Pittsburgh bank not controlled by the <mask> family. Again following Hoover's lead, <mask> presided over the creation of the National Credit Association, a voluntary initiative among the larger banks that was designed to assist failing institutions.As the National Credit Association proved to be ineffective at stemming the tide of bank failures, Congress and the Hoover administration established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to provide federal loans to banks. With the unemployment rate approaching twenty percent, <mask> became one of the most "loathed leaders" in the United States, second only to Hoover himself. Facing this unprecedented economic catastrophe, <mask> urged Hoover to refrain from using the government to intervene in the depression. <mask> believed that economic recessions, such as those that had occurred in 1873 and 1907, were a necessary part of the business cycle because they purged the economy. In his memoirs, Hoover wrote that <mask> advised him to "liquidate labor, liquidate stocks, liquidate the farmers, liquidate real estate. Purge the rottenness out of the system. High costs of living and high living will come down.... enterprising people will pick up the wrecks from less competent people." Facing a large deficit, <mask> and Mills called for a return to the tax rates set by the Revenue Act of 1924 and also sought new taxes on automobiles, gasoline, and other items. Congress responded by passing the Revenue Act of 1932, which included many of the Treasury Department's proposals. In early 1932, Congressman Wright Patman of Texas initiated impeachment proceedings against <mask>, contending that <mask> had violated numerous federal laws designed to prevent conflicts of interest. Though <mask> had defeated similar investigations in the past, his falling popularity left him unable to effectively counter Patman's charges. Hoover removed <mask> from Washington by offering him the position of ambassador to the United Kingdom. <mask> accepted the post, and Mills replaced his former boss as Secretary of the Treasury.<mask> arrived in Britain in April 1932, receiving a friendly reception from a country he had often visited over the previous thirty years. From his post, he watched the collapse of the international economic order, including the debt accords that he had helped negotiate. He also convinced the British to allow Gulf Oil to operate in Kuwait, a British protectorate in the oil-rich region of the Persian Gulf. Defying <mask>'s expectations, Hoover was defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. <mask> left office when Hoover's term ended in March 1933, returning to private life after twelve years of government service. Pennsylvania politics, 1921–1933

Knox and Penrose both died in 1921, leaving a power vacuum in Pennsylvania Republican politics. Along with his nephew, William Larimer <mask>, <mask> became an influential player in Pennsylvania politics, and their support helped ensure the elections of Senator David A. Reed and Senator George W. Pepper in 1922.<mask> was unable to assert the same level of control that Boies Penrose had had over state politics, and his leadership of the state party was challenged by William Scott Vare of Philadelphia and progressive leader Gifford Pinchot, who won the 1922 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election. Nonetheless, <mask> would continue to exert an important influence on Pennsylvania politics throughout the 1920s, especially in senatorial elections and in Allegheny County. <mask>'s influence over state politics waned in the early 1930s, as the progressive allies of Governor Pinchot took control of the state Republican Party. Later life

Numerous financial institutions failed in the months prior to Roosevelt's inauguration, but Mellon National Bank, the Union Trust Company, and another Mellon banking operation, Mellbank Corporation, were all able to avoid closure. <mask> strongly opposed Roosevelt's New Deal policies, especially the 1933 Banking Act, which required separation between commercial and investment banking. <mask> believed that the various New Deal policies, including Social Security and unemployment insurance, undermined the free market system that had produced one of the largest economies in the world. Aside from banking reform, other New Deal policies, including regulations on utilities and coal mines and laws designed to promote labor unions, also affected Mellon's business empire.Additionally, the Revenue Act of 1934 and the Revenue Act of 1935 rescinded many of <mask>'s tax policies and contained other provisions that were designed to increase taxation on top earners and corporations. Even after leaving office, <mask> continued to be vilified by many in the public, and in 1933 Harvey O'Connor published a popular and unfavorable biography, <mask>'s Millions. Democrats won effective control of Allegheny County in the 1933 elections, and the following year Democrat Joseph F. Guffey won Pennsylvania's Senate election and George Howard Earle III won the state's gubernatorial election. <mask> endured numerous attacks during these campaigns, and his unpopularity in Pittsburgh led him to spend most of his final years in Washington rather than his home town. In the 1930s, the Roosevelt administration conducted several high-profile tax evasion prosecutions against individuals such as Thomas W. Lamont and Jimmy Walker. In response to accusations levied by Republican Congressman Louis Thomas McFadden of Pennsylvania in early 1933, Attorney General Homer Cummings began an inquiry into Mellon's tax history. Between February 1935 and May 1936, the Board of Tax Appeals heard a widely covered case in which the federal government accused <mask> of tax fraud.During the proceedings, <mask> divulged numerous details of his business career that had previously been unknown to the public. <mask> was diagnosed with cancer in November 1936. His health declined in 1937, and he died on August 26, 1937. Newspapers across the country took note of his death. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. stated that <mask> had lived through "an epoch in the economic history of the nation, and his passing takes one of the most important industrial and financial figures of our time". <mask> was buried at Trinity Episcopal Church Cemetery, Upperville, Virginia. Months after <mask>'s death, the Board of Tax Appeals handed down a ruling exonerating <mask> of all tax fraud charges.Family

In the early 1880s, <mask> had a serious relationship with Fannie Larimer Jones, but he broke off the relationship after learning that she was suffering from tuberculosis. After this experience, <mask> refrained from courting women for several years. In 1898, while traveling with Frick and Frick's wife to Europe, <mask> met Nora McMullen, a nineteen-year-old Englishwoman of Ulster Scots ancestry. <mask> visited McMullen's home of Hertford Castle in 1898 and 1899, and, after a period of courtship, Nora married <mask> in 1900. Nora gave birth to a daughter, Ailsa, in 1901. Nora disliked living in Pittsburgh, and she was unhappy in her marriage. By the end of 1903, she had begun an affair with Alfred George Curphey, who would also later be involved with the wife of George Vivian, 4th Baron Vivian.<mask> and Nora eventually reconciled, and in 1907 she gave birth to a son, Paul. The reconciliation proved short-lived, as Nora took up with Curphey again in 1908 and requested a divorce the following year. To avoid a public scandal, <mask> reluctantly agreed to a separation in 1909. Seeking to hold divorce proceedings privately before a judge rather than publicly before a jury, in 1911 <mask> convinced the Pennsylvania legislature to amend a law that had required a jury trial in divorce proceedings. In response, Nora attacked <mask> in the press, and the divorce proceedings were widely covered by the media. In 1912, <mask> and Nora finally agreed on a divorce settlement, largely on <mask>'s terms. <mask> did not remarry.Nora lived in Pittsburgh for several years before eventually settling in the Hudson Valley, and the two children alternated living with either parent. In 1923, Nora married Harvey Arthur Lee, a British-born antiques dealer 14 years her junior. Two years after the Lees' divorce in 1928, Nora Lee resumed the surname <mask>, at the request of her son, Paul. In the 1920s, while <mask> served as Secretary of the Treasury, Ailsa was courted by several influential men, including Otto Christian Archibald von Bismarck, Robert Horne, and Gelasio Caetani. In 1926, in the "greatest society event that the nation's capital had witnessed" since before World War I, Ailsa married David K. E. Bruce, son of Democratic Senator William Cabell Bruce of Maryland. After attending Yale University and the University of Cambridge, Paul briefly worked at Mellon National Bank. He later settled in Virginia, becoming a well-known philanthropist.<mask>'s nephew, Richard King <mask>, succeeded <mask> as the head of the <mask> financial empire. Philanthropy and art collection

Emulating his father, <mask> eschewed philanthropy for much of his life, but in the early 1900s, he began donating to local organizations such as the YMCA. <mask> committed to his first large-scale act of philanthropy in 1913, when he and his brother, Richard, established the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research as a department of the University of Pittsburgh. In 1965, the institute merged with the Carnegie Institute of Technology to form Carnegie Mellon University. <mask> also served as an alumni president and trustee of the University of Pittsburgh, and made several major donations to the school, including the land on which the Cathedral of Learning and Heinz Chapel were constructed. In total it is estimated that <mask> donated over $43 million to the University of Pittsburgh. Encouraged by Frick, and guided by Charles Carstairs.<mask> began collecting art in the mid-to-late 1890s. Over the ensuing decades, his art collection continued to grow as he purchased pieces from Knoedler and Joseph Duveen, and during the 1920s his collection was generally considered to be one of the finest art collections in Washington. In the early 1930s, he purchased, according to Cannadine, just under half of the "greatest paintings" from the Soviet Union's Hermitage Museum in the Soviet sale of Hermitage paintings. Twenty-one paintings, of the highest quality, were later given to the National Gallery of Art. <mask> decided to use his fortune and art collection to establish a national art museum in Washington modeled after the National Gallery in London. In 1936, <mask> presented President Roosevelt with an offer to establish a national art museum to which <mask> would donate his art collection as well as an endowment, while the federal government would pay for the institution's upkeep. He conditioned the offer on the establishment of a board of trustees, a majority of whom would be chosen by <mask>.Despite the ongoing tax case against <mask>, the Roosevelt administration accepted the offer, and Congress passed legislation authorizing the construction of the National Gallery of Art on <mask>'s terms. The National Gallery of Art opened in 1941 and continues to operate. <mask>'s friend and former employee, David E. Finley Jr., would later preside over the establishment of the National Portrait Gallery, which also hosts several paintings donated by <mask>. <mask> was initiated to the Scottish Rite Freemasonry, till he raised the 33rd and highest degree. Legacy

Memorials
The <mask> W. <mask> Memorial Fountain in Washington was created by Sidney Waugh and was dedicated in May 1952 by Harry S. Truman. Washington, D.C., also hosts the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium and the Andrew Mellon Building. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the product of the merger of the Avalon Foundation and the Old Dominion Foundation (set up separately by his children), is named in his honor, as is the 378-foot US Coast Guard Cutter <mask> (WHEC-717).In popular culture
The cartoon figure in black top hat and tails with white mustache on the board game Monopoly is modeled after <mask>. <mask><mask> appears in the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire, in the fifth, eighth and twelfth episodes of the third season, in his capacity as Secretary of the Treasury. His character is played by Carnegie Mellon alumnus James Cromwell. In the alternate history/time travel story "A Slip in Time" by S. M. Stirling, featuring a history in which the First World War was avoided and the Austro-Hungarian Empire survived, <mask> was the President of the United States in 1926. <mask> is the subject of three unflattering chapters in Matt Stoller's 2019 book, Goliath: The 100 Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy, which recounts efforts by populists in Washington (namely, Congressman Wright Patman; Roosevelt administration lawyer Robert H. Jackson;  and Ferdinand Pecora, attorney for the Senate Banking Committee) to expose <mask>'s crimes and abuse of power for personal gain. See also
 List of wealthiest historical figures
 List of richest Americans in history

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links

 The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
<mask> W. <mask> and the National Gallery
 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette article on history of the Mellons and Mellon Financial

1855 births
1937 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom
American art collectors
American bankers
American Episcopalians
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
American philanthropists
Coolidge administration cabinet members
Great Depression in the United States
Harding administration cabinet members
Hoover administration cabinet members
<mask> family
National Gallery of Art
Pennsylvania Republicans
Politicians from Pittsburgh
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Gilded Age
Burials in Virginia
Old Right (United States)
Museum founders
People acquitted of crimes
20th-century American

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<mask> (1485? – 4 February 1561) was a French bishop, Cardinal, and diplomat. He was the son of <mask>, Seigneur <mask>, Councillor and Chamberlain of the King, and <mask>. He had a brother, Henry, Sire de Lenoncourt and Baron of Vignory, a sister named Jacquette, who married Jean d'Aguerre, son of the Governor of Mouzon (January 1509), and a sister named Nicole, who married Érard du Châtelet. <mask>'s paternal uncle, also called <mask>, was Archbishop of Reims. Biography
From 1515 to 1536 <mask> was Prior of the monastery of S. Portianus (Pourçain) in the diocese of Clermont. In 1523 he was named Abbot of the Abbey of S. Rémi in Reims.In 1537 he restored the tomb of Saint Rémi. In 1530 he was named Abbot of the royal abbey of Tournus, making his formal entry on 4 June 1531. He was also a Protonotary Apostolic and Almoner to the King and Queen of Navarre, Henry II and Marguerite of Angoulême, the sister of King Francis I of France. Lenoncourt was Treasurer of the Church of Reims, and held a license in utroque iure (both Civil Law and Canon Law). <mask> was apparently Vicar-General of the diocese of Reims, during the episcopacy of Cardinal <mask> Guise-Lorraine (1532-1538). Chalons
<mask> was appointed Bishop of Châlons by Francis I of France in 1535, an appointment confirmed by Pope Paul III (Farnese) on 10 May 1535. He resigned the diocese in 1550, in favor of his nephew Philippe, though he continued to be Administrator of the Diocese of Châlons until Philippe's consecration; as part of the arrangement he retained the use of the house of the Bishops of Châlons in Paris.As Bishop of Châlons he was present among the Peers of France in the Lit de Justice of 15 January 1536 [1537], against the Emperor Charles V. <mask> <mask> was sent as Ambassador to the Emperor by Francis I, in the matter of the Duchy of Guelders which was a fief of the Holy Roman Empire, but which was in alliance with the French, thanks to a secret treaty of October 1534. The Duke of Guelders (1538-1543), William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, married King Francis' niece, Jeanne d'Albret, in 1541. <mask> was created a Cardinal Priest in the Consistory of 20 December 1538 by Pope Paul III. He was admitted to Consistory and given his red hat on 19 March 1540, and on 7 October 1540 he was assigned the titulus of Santa Anastasia. On 10 October 1547 he was translated to the titulus of Sant'Apollinare, and on 11 December 1555 to Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. In 1538, <mask> <mask> was named Prior of the Prieuré de la Charité-sur-Loire, which he held until his death. The priory was burned during the Third War of Religion, and the inhabitants scattered.After some disorder, Cardinal <mask> was succeeded by his nephew Philippe in 1564. <mask> <mask> was granted the Abbey of Saint-Martin de Laon in 1545 and held it until 1548, when he was succeeded by Cardinal <mask> Lorraine. Metz
Cardinal <mask> was granted the diocese of Metz on 22 April 1551 by Pope Julius III, in succession to Cardinal <mask> Guise-Lorraine, which he held until December 1555. He was the first bishop of Metz in sixty-seven years to personally take up his charge. With the Treaty of Chambord in 1552, Metz became a part of France and remained so until 1871. King Henri II himself spent three days in Metz, receiving the fealty of his subjects, and then left the <mask> Guise, <mask> Guise-Lorraine, as his Lieutenant-General. In January 1552 Cardinal <mask> convoked a meeting of the Estates-General of Metz, but his actions appeared to the citizens to be an effort to concentrate all the power in the city in his own hands.Their strong reaction compelled the Cardinal to withdraw the Estates to the town of Vic, just east of Nancy. On 10 April he helped to introduce a French army into Metz. He was instrumental in overthrowing the republic which had existed under Charles V in favor of the French, manipulating the elections for the Council by naming candidates and choosing the Maître-Échevin (President) himself. Cardinal <mask> resumed the coinage of money in Metz, in his own name, in 1553. He then sent a memorandum to the King, in which he requested military assistance. The King sent <mask> Vieilleville to garrison Metz and Vic, and the Marshal quickly took the entire territory under his control. Cardinal <mask> lost everything for which he had been working, and went so far as to seek the aid of the Emperor in trying to eject the French garrison from Metz.In 1556 the citizens of Metz petitioned the King of France for relief from their bishop, but <mask>, who had been in Rome for the second Conclave of 1555, had already been transferred to Embrun. It was perhaps the easiest way to solve the political and military problems created by an overzealous supporter of French interests and his own advantage. Embrun, Auxerre
<mask> was named Archbishop of Embrun by King Henri II of France, the appointment being approved by Pope Paul IV (Carafa) in Consistory on 23 March 1556. He held the post until the King appointed him to the diocese of Auxerre. Cardinal <mask> was approved by Pope Paul IV as bishop of Auxerre on 4 October 1556. Possession of the See was carried out by a procurator on 30 October 1556, and he never visited his diocese personally. One of his vicars was his nephew <mask> <mask>.His spiritual functions were carried out by Fr. Philippe Munier, Titular Bishop of Philadelphia In 1557 the Cardinal appointed his nephew, <mask> <mask>, Abbot of Essômes, to represent him at a meeting of the Estates of Burgundy. He was succeeded by his nephew Philippe, who made his solemn entry into Auxerre on 8 December 1560, the splendid details of which were recorded and witnessed by a notary. Philippe was accompanied by his brother Jean, Baron de Vignory. On the nomination of the King, <mask> <mask> became Prince and Archbishop of Arles in 1560. His spiritual functions as Archbishop were carried out by his Suffragan and Perpetual Vicar, <mask> Bisqueriis, Titular Bishop of Nicopolis. He was succeeded by Antoine d'Albon (1561-1562), and then by Cardinal Ippolito d'Este in 1564.On 3 July 1560, the Archbishop, bishop, Provost, Canons and other clergy of the diocese of Arles were accused by the citizens of Arles in the Parliament of Provence of failing, despite more than sufficient revenues assigned for the purpose, to provide preachers for the churches in the diocese on Sundays, Feast Days, Advent and Lent and other major occasions. While the new Archbishop had only received his bulls in February, he and his clergy were put on notice that the people were unhappy with the quality of service being provided. Cardinal <mask> <mask> participated in the Conclave of 5 September–25 December 1559 which resulted in the election of Cardinal Giovanni Angelo <mask>' Medici, who took the throne name of Pope Pius IV. The French candidates, chosen by King Henri and Queen Catherine, were Cardinal Ippolito d'Este, Cardinal <mask> Tournon, and Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga of Mantua, none of whom was actually papabile. On 13 March 1560 he was also created suburbicarian Bishop of Sabina. Death
Cardinal <mask> <mask> died in France at his Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire on 4 February 1561. His body was desecrated by the Huguenots, burned and the ashes scattered in the Loire.Notes

Bibliography

Michon, Cédric, "Cardinals at the Court of Francis I,"

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Bishops of Auxerre
Bishops of Châlons-sur-Marne
Bishops of Embrun
Bishops of Metz
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Sir <mask> (, many variant spellings; 22 March 1599 – 9 December 1641) was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England after success in the Southern Netherlands and Italy. The seventh child of <mask>, a wealthy Antwerp silk merchant, <mask> painted from an early age. He was successful as an independent painter in his late teens, and became a master in the Antwerp guild in 1618. By this time he was working in the studio of the leading northern painter of the day, Peter Paul Rubens, who became a major influence on his work. <mask> worked in London for some months in 1621, then returned to Flanders for a brief time, before travelling to Italy, where he stayed until 1627, mostly in Genoa. In the late 1620s he completed his greatly admired Iconography series of portrait etchings, mostly of other artists. He spent five years in Flanders after his return from Italy, and from 1630 was court painter for the archduchess Isabella, Habsburg Governor of Flanders.In 1632 he returned to London to be the main court painter, at the request of Charles I of England. With the exception of Holbein, <mask> and his contemporary Diego Velázquez were the first painters of pre-eminent talent to work mainly as court portraitists, revolutionising the genre. He is best known for his portraits of the aristocracy, most notably Charles I, and his family and associates. <mask> became the dominant influence on English portrait-painting for the next 150 years. He also painted mythological and biblical subjects, including altarpieces, displayed outstanding facility as a draughtsman, and was an important innovator in watercolour and etching. His superb brushwork, apparently rather quickly painted, can usually be distinguished from the large areas painted by his many assistants. His portrait style changed considerably between the different countries he worked in, culminating in the relaxed elegance of his last English period.His influence extends into the modern period. The Van Dyke beard is named after him. During his lifetime, Charles I granted him a knighthood, and he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, an indication of his standing at the time of his death. Life and work

Education
Antoon <mask> (his Flemish name) was born to prosperous parents in Antwerp. His father was Frans <mask>, a silk merchant, and his mother was Maria Cupers, daughter of Dirk Cupers and Catharina Conincx. He was baptised on 23 March 1599 (as Anthonio). His talent was evident very early, and he was studying painting with Hendrick <mask> by 1609, and became an independent painter around 1615, setting up a workshop with his even younger friend Jan Brueghel the Younger.By the age of fifteen he was already a highly accomplished artist, as his Self-portrait, 1613–14, shows. He was admitted to the Antwerp painters' Guild of Saint Luke as a free master by February 1618. Within a few years he was to be the chief assistant to the dominant master of Antwerp, and the whole of Northern Europe, Peter Paul Rubens, who made much use of sub-contracted artists as well as his own large workshop. His influence on the young artist was immense. Rubens referred to the nineteen-year-old <mask> as "the best of my pupils". The origins and exact nature of their relationship are unclear. It has been speculated that <mask> was a pupil of Rubens from about 1613, as even his early work shows little trace of <mask>'s style, but there is no clear evidence for this.At the same time the dominance of Rubens in the relatively small and declining city of Antwerp probably explains why, despite his periodic returns to the city, <mask> spent most of his career abroad. In 1620, in Rubens's contract for the major commission for the ceiling of the Carolus Borromeuskerk, the Jesuit church at Antwerp (lost to fire in 1718), <mask> is specified as one of the "discipelen" who was to execute the paintings to Rubens' designs. Unlike <mask>, Rubens worked for most of the courts of Europe, but avoided exclusive attachment to any of them. Italy

In 1620, at the instigation of George Villiers, Marquess of Buckingham, <mask> went to England for the first time where he worked for King James I of England, receiving £100. It was in London in the collection of the Earl of Arundel that he first saw the work of Titian, whose use of colour and subtle modeling of form would prove transformational, offering a new stylistic language that would enrich the compositional lessons learned from Rubens. He returned to Flanders after about four months, and then left in late 1621 for Italy, where he remained for six years. There he studied the Italian masters while starting a successful career as a portraitist.He was already presenting himself as a figure of consequence, annoying the rather bohemian Northern artist's colony in Rome, says <mask> Pietro Bellori, by appearing with "the pomp of Zeuxis ... his behaviour was that of a nobleman rather than an ordinary person, and he shone in rich garments. Since he was accustomed in the circle of Rubens to noblemen, and being naturally of elevated mind, and anxious to make himself distinguished, he therefore wore—as well as silks—a hat with feathers and brooches, gold chains across his chest, and was accompanied by servants." He was mostly based in Genoa, although he also travelled extensively to other cities, and stayed for some time in Palermo in Sicily, where he was quarantined during the 1624 plague, one of the worst in Sicily's history. There he produced an important series of paintings of the city's plague saint Saint Rosalia. His depictions of a young woman with flowing blonde hair wearing a Franciscan cowl and reaching down toward the city of Palermo in its peril, became the standard iconography of the saint from that time onward and was extremely influential for Italian Baroque painters, from Luca Giordano to Pietro Novelli. Versions include those in Madrid, Houston, London, New York and Palermo, as well as Saint Rosalia Interceding for the City of Palermo in Puerto Rico, and Coronation of Saint Rosalia in Vienna. <mask>'s series of St Rosalia paintings have been studied by Gauvin Alexander Bailey and Xavier F. Salomon, both of whom curated or co-curated exhibitions devoted to the theme of Italian art and the plague.In 2020, the New York Times published an article about the Metropolitan Museum of Art's painting of Saint Rosalia by <mask> in the context of the COVID-19 virus. For the Genoese aristocracy, then in a final flush of prosperity, he developed a full-length portrait style, drawing on Veronese and Titian as well as Rubens' style from his own period in Genoa, where extremely tall but graceful figures look down on the viewer with great hauteur. In 1627, he went back to Antwerp where he remained for five years, painting more affable portraits which still made his Flemish patrons look as stylish as possible. A life-size group portrait of twenty-four City Councillors of Brussels he painted for the council-chamber was destroyed in 1695. He was evidently very charming to his patrons, and, like Rubens, well able to mix in aristocratic and court circles, which added to his ability to obtain commissions. By 1630, he was described as the court painter of the Habsburg Governor of Flanders, the Archduchess Isabella. In this period he also produced many religious works, including large altarpieces, and began his printmaking.London

King Charles I was the most passionate collector of art among the Stuart kings, and saw painting as a way of promoting his elevated view of the monarchy. In 1628, he bought the fabulous collection that the Duke of Mantua was forced to sell, and he had been trying since his accession in 1625 to bring leading foreign painters to England. In 1626, he was able to persuade Orazio Gentileschi to settle in England, later to be joined by his daughter Artemisia and some of his sons. Rubens was an especial target, who eventually in 1630 came on a diplomatic mission, which included painting, and he later sent Charles more paintings from Antwerp. Rubens was very well-treated during his nine-month visit, during which he was knighted. Charles's court portraitist, Daniel Mytens, was a somewhat pedestrian Dutchman. Charles was very short, less than  tall, and presented challenges to a portrait artist.<mask> remained in touch with the English court and helped King Charles's agents in their search for pictures. He sent some of his own works, including a self portrait (1623) with Endymion Porter, one of Charles's agents, his  Rinaldo and Armida (1629), and a religious picture for the Queen. He had also painted Charles's sister, Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, at The Hague in 1632. In April of that year, <mask> returned to London and was taken under the wing of the court immediately, being knighted in July and at the same time receiving a pension of £200 a year, in the grant of which he was described as principalle Paynter in ordinary to their majesties. He was well paid for his paintings in addition to this, at least in theory, as King Charles did not actually pay over his pension for five years, and reduced the price of many paintings. He was provided with a house on the River Thames at Blackfriars, then just outside the City of London, thus avoiding the monopoly of the Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers. A suite of rooms in Eltham Palace, no longer used by the royal family, was also put at his disposal as a country retreat.These residences were managed by his partner Margaret Lemon. His Blackfriars studio was frequently visited by the King and Queen (later a special causeway was built to ease their access), who hardly sat for another painter while <mask> lived. He was an immediate success in England, where he painted large numbers of portraits of the King and Queen Henrietta Maria, as well as their children. Many portraits were done in several versions, to be sent as diplomatic gifts or given to supporters of the increasingly embattled king. Altogether <mask> has been estimated to have painted forty portraits of King Charles himself, as well as about thirty of the Queen, nine of the Earl of Strafford, and multiple ones of other courtiers. He painted many of the court, and also himself and his mistress, Margaret Lemon. In England he developed a version of his style which combined a relaxed elegance and ease with an understated authority in his subjects which was to dominate English portrait-painting to the end of the 18th century.Many of these portraits have a lush landscape background. His portraits of Charles on horseback updated the grandeur of Titian's Emperor Charles V, but even more effective and original is his portrait of Charles dismounted in the Louvre: "Charles is given a totally natural look of instinctive sovereignty, in a deliberately informal setting where he strolls so negligently that he seems at first glance nature's gentleman rather than England's King". Although his portraits have created the classic idea of "Cavalier" style and dress, in fact a majority of his most important patrons in the nobility, such as Lord Wharton and the Earls of Bedford, Northumberland and Pembroke, took the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil War that broke out soon after his death. The King in Council by letters patent granted <mask>ck denizenship in 1638, and he married Mary Ruthven, with whom he had one daughter. Mary was the daughter of Patrick Ruthven, who, although the title was forfeited, styled himself Lord Ruthven. She was a Lady-in-waiting to the Queen in 1639–40; this may have been instigated by the King in an attempt to keep him in England. He had spent most of 1634 in Antwerp, returning the following year, and in 1640–41, as the Civil War loomed, spent several months in Flanders and France.In 1640 he accompanied prince John Casimir of Poland after he was freed from French imprisonment. A letter dated 13 August 1641, from Lady Roxburghe in England to a correspondent in The Hague, reported that <mask> was recuperating from a long illness. In November, <mask>'s condition worsened,

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 and he returned to England from Paris, where he had gone to paint Cardinal Richelieu. He died in London on 9 December 1641. There was a memorial to him within the Old St Paul's Cathedral. Portraits and other works

In the 17th century, demand for portraits was stronger than for other types of work. <mask> tried to persuade Charles to commission large-scale series on the history of the Order of the Garter for the Banqueting House, Whitehall, for which Rubens had earlier completed the large ceiling paintings (sending them from Antwerp).A sketch for one wall remains, but by 1638 Charles was too short of money to proceed. This was a problem Velázquez did not have, but equally <mask>'s daily life was not encumbered by trivial court duties as faced by Velázquez. In his visits to Paris in his last years, <mask> attempted to obtain the commission to paint the Grande Gallerie of the Louvre without success. A list of history paintings produced by <mask> in England survives. It was compiled by <mask>'s biographer Bellori, based on information from Sir Kenelm Digby. None of these works appear to remain, except the Eros and Psyche done for the King (below). But many other works, rather more religious than mythological, do survive, and though they are very fine, they do not reach the heights of Velázquez's history paintings.Earlier ones remain very much within the style of Rubens, although some of his Sicilian works are individualistic. <mask>'s portraits flattered more than Velázquez's. When Sophia, later Electoress of Hanover, first met Queen Henrietta Maria, in exile in Holland in 1641, she wrote: "<mask>'s handsome portraits had given me so fine an idea of the beauty of all English ladies, that I was surprised to find that the Queen, who looked so fine in painting, was a small woman raised up on her chair, with long skinny arms and teeth like defence works projecting from her mouth..."

Some critics have blamed <mask> for diverting a nascent, tougher English portrait tradition—of painters such as William Dobson, Robert Walker and Isaac Fuller—into what certainly became elegant blandness in the hands of many of <mask>'s successors, like Lely or Kneller. The conventional view has always been more favourable: "When <mask> came hither he brought Face-Painting to us; ever since which time ... England has excel'd all the World in that great Branch of the Art" (Jonathan Richardson: An Essay on the Theory of Painting, 1715, 41). Thomas Gainsborough is reported to have said on his deathbed "We are all going to heaven, and <mask> is of the Company." A fairly small number of landscape pen and wash drawings or watercolours made in England played an important part in introducing the Flemish watercolour landscape tradition to England. Some are studies, which reappear in the background of paintings, but many are signed and dated and were probably regarded as finished works to be given as presents.Several of the most detailed are of Rye, a port for ships to the Continent, suggesting that <mask>ck did them casually whilst waiting for wind or tide to improve. Printmaking

Probably during his period in Antwerp after his return from Italy, <mask> began his Iconography, which became a very large series of prints with half-length portraits of eminent contemporaries. He produced drawings, and for eighteen of the portraits he himself etched the heads and main outlines of the figure, for an engraver to work up: "Portrait etching had scarcely had an existence before his time, and in his work it suddenly appears at the highest point ever reached in the art". He left most of the printmaking to specialists, who engraved after his drawings. His etched plates appear not to have been published until after his death, and early states are very rare. Most of his plates were printed after only his work had been done. Some exist in further states after engraving had been added, sometimes obscuring his etching.He continued to add to the series until at least his departure for England, and presumably added Inigo Jones whilst in London. The series was a great success, but was his only venture into printmaking; portraiture probably paid better, and he was constantly in demand. At his death there were eighty plates by others, of which fifty-two were of artists, as well as his own eighteen. The plates were bought by a publisher; with the plates reworked periodically as they wore out they continued to be printed for centuries, and the series added to, so that it reached over two hundred portraits by the late 18th century. In 1851, the plates were bought by the Calcographie du Louvre. The Iconography was highly influential as a commercial model for reproductive printmaking; now forgotten series of portrait prints were enormously popular until the advent of photography: "the importance of this series was enormous, and it provided a repertory of images that were plundered by portrait painters throughout Europe over the next couple of centuries". <mask>'s brilliant etching style, which depended on open lines and dots, was in marked contrast to that of the other great portraitist in prints of the period, Rembrandt, and had little influence until the 19th century, when it had a great influence on artists such as Whistler in the last major phase of portrait etching.Hyatt Mayor wrote:

Studio
Van Dyck's success led him to maintain a large workshop in London, which became "virtually a production line for portraits". According to a visitor he usually only made a drawing on paper, which was then enlarged onto canvas by an assistant; he then painted the head himself. The costume in which the client wished to be painted was left at the studio and often with the unfinished canvas sent out to artists specialised in rendering such clothing. In his last years these studio collaborations accounted for some decline in the quality of work. In addition many copies untouched by him, or virtually so, were produced by the workshop, as well as by professional copyists and later painters. The number of paintings ascribed to him had by the 19th century become huge, as with Rembrandt, Titian and others. However, most of his assistants and copyists could not approach the refinement of his manner, so compared to many masters consensus among art historians on attributions to him is usually relatively easy to reach, and museum labelling is now mostly updated (country house attributions may be more dubious in some cases).The relatively few names of his assistants that are known are Dutch or Flemish. He probably preferred to use trained Flemings, as no equivalent English training existed in this period. <mask>'s enormous influence on English art does not come from a tradition handed down through his pupils; in fact it is not possible to document a connection to his studio for any English painter of any significance. Dutchman Adriaen Hanneman (1604–1671) returned to his native The Hague in 1638 to become the leading portraitist there. Flemish painter Pieter Thijs studied in <mask>'s workshop as one of <mask>'s last pupils. He became a very successful portrait and history painter in his native Antwerp. Legacy
Much later, the styles worn by his models provided the names of the Van Dyke beard for the sharply pointed and trimmed goatees popular for men in his day, and the <mask> Dyke collar, "a wide collar across the shoulders edged copiously with lace".During the reign of George III, a generic "Cavalier" fancy-dress costume called a Van Dyke was popular; Gainsborough's The Blue Boy is wearing such a Van Dyke outfit. In 1774 Derby porcelain advertised a figure, after a portrait by Johann Zoffany, of "the King in a Vandyck dress". A confusing number of different pigments used in painting have been called "Vandyke brown" (mostly in English-language sources). Some predate <mask>ck, and it is not clear that he used any of them. Van Dyke brown is an early photographic printing process using the same colour. When <mask> was knighted in 1632, he anglicized his name to Vandyke. Collections

The British Royal Collection, which still contains many of his paintings, has a total of twenty-six paintings.The National Gallery, London (fourteen works), The Museo del Prado (Spain) (twenty-five Works, such as: Self-portrait with Endymion Porter, The Metal Serpent, Christ Crowned with Thorns, The taking of Christ, Portrait of Mary Ruthven, the painter's Wife), The Louvre in Paris (eighteen works), the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Frick Collection have examples of his portrait style. Wilton House still holds the works he did for one of his main patrons, the Earl of Pembroke, including his largest work, a huge family group portrait with ten main figures. Spanish museums own a rich presence of this artist in addition to The Prado's ensemble; The Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum preserves the Portrait of Jacques Le Roy, property of The Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection but also on display at the Museum there's a Crucified Christ, and The Bilbao Fine Arts Museum houses a great Lamentation before the dead Christ. In 2008, Patrimonio Nacional of Spain recovered a Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian and returned it to The Escorial Monastery, two centuries after its removal and, subsequently, The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando has revealed as its own a long-stored painting, added to another, The Virgin with the Child with the repentant sinners, in addition the institution has an original sketch. In addition, in December 2017, a Virgin with Child, which is kept in The Museum Cerralbo and was previously considered the work of Mateo Cerezo, was revealed as the painter's original after an exhaustive study and restoration project. Finally, The Museum of Fine Arts of Valencia owns an Equestrian Portrait of Don Francisco de Moncada (currently undergoing restoration, April 2020). Tate Britain held the exhibition Van Dyck & Britain in 2009.In 2016 the Frick Collection in New York had an exhibition "Van Dyck: The Anatomy of Portraiture", the first major survey of the artist's work in the United States in over two decades. The estate of the Earl Spencer at Althorp houses a small collection of <mask>cks including War and Peace (Portrait of Sir George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol, English Royalist politician with William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford), which is the most valuable painting in the collection and the favourite of the earl. Nazi-looted art
In 2017 Van Dyke's Portrait of Adriaen Hendriksz Moens, a looted artwork acquired by the Nazi Hermann Göring, was restituted to the heirs of Jacques Goudstikker. After WWII the Monuments Men returned the portrait to the Netherlands which was supposed to return it to the surviving Jewish family but which instead sold it to an art dealer in London who sold it to the Nazi food processing millionnaire and former Nazi party member Rudolf August Oetker. Oekter's heirs restituted the painting to Goudstikkers heirs. Gallery

See also
 List of paintings by <mask> Dyck

Notes

References
Brown, Christopher: <mask> 1599–1641. Royal Academy Publications, 1999.External links

 The Oliver Millar Archive; research papers of Oliver Millar, British art historian and a leading authority on <mask> <mask>
 <mask> at the National Gallery of Art

 The National Gallery: Van Dyck, with short biography
 The National Portrait Gallery: Van Dyck

Vermeer and The Delft School, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has material on <mask> Dyck
Jordaens Van Dyck Panel Paintings Project
 , a poem by Letitia Elizabeth Landon (1823). 1599 births
1641 deaths
Flemish etchers
Flemish portrait painters
Flemish history painters
Flemish Baroque painters
Knights Bachelor
English portrait painters
Principal Painters in Ordinary
Baroque printmakers
Painters from Antwerp
Artists from Antwerp
Stepney family
Burials at St Paul's Cathedral
Pupils of Peter Paul Rubens
Belgian Roman Catholics
Belgian expatriates in England
17th-century English

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<mask><mask> is an author, lecturer, and expert on Muslim culture. Jabbour's background includes two perspectives—that of the Arab/Muslim world and of the Western/Christian world. He frequently speaks at churches and teaches at seminaries, interpreting the phenomenon of Islamic Fundamentalism and other Middle Eastern issues to Westerners and especially to Christians. Academic career
<mask> taught high school for two years in Tripoli, Lebanon, then taught Psychology and Cultural Studies (History of Civilizations) for two years at Haigazian University in Beirut. From 1973 to 1975, he worked with university students in Beirut with The Navigators. From 1975 to 1990, he lived and worked in Cairo, Egypt. Currently, Jabbour teaches courses on "Islam and Current Events" and "Radical Islam and a Christian Response" at:
 Columbia International University - Columbia, South Carolina
 Denver Seminary - Denver, Colorado
 Fuller Theological Seminary - Colorado Springs, Colorado
 Providence College and Theological Seminary - Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
 Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics & College of International Studies - Dallas, Texas

In 2011, the Presbyterian Church in America appointed Jabbour to a study committee on the theology and practices of Insider Movements.Jabbour also participated in the Windows to the World Conference in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Chicago, Illinois in April 2015 and the Association of Christian Design Professionals conference in Colorado Springs, Colorado on November 15, 2014

Jabbour serves on the board of directors for Touch of Love International, a nonprofit organization that offers micro-loans and vocational training to impoverished families in developing countries. Published works
Books:
 The Crescent Through the Eyes of the Cross (NavPress, 2008)
 Unshackled and Growing: Muslims and Christians on the Journey to Freedom (NavPress, 2006)
 The Unseen Reality (NavMedia of Singapore, 1995)
 The Rumbling Volcano: Islamic Fundamentalism in Egypt (Mandate Press, 1993)
 Itiba' el-Massih, Hal Huwa Ta'geez? (Dar el-Thaqafa of Egypt)
 Al-Kiraza Hubon Wa 'ubour (Dar el-Thaqafa of Egypt)

On February 15, 2008, the date of its release, The Crescent Through the Eyes of the Cross ranked 31st on Amazon.com's Bestsellers list. On the same day, it ranked first in the "Religion and Spirituality/Christianity" and Religion and Spirituality/Islam" categories. In England, it ranked first in Amazon.com's "Middle Eastern Studies" category. Articles and essays:
 But Can We Trust Mustafa?, Mission Frontiers September–October 2008, 18-19
 Relational Evangelism Among Muslims: Is There a Better Way?, International Journal of Frontier Missions 25:3 (Fall 2008), 151-156
 Islamic Fundamentalism: Implications for Missions, International Journal of Frontier Missions 11:2 (April 1994), 81–86, St. Francis Magazine, Nr. 1 Vol.

masks:
Nabeel T
. Jabbour
Jabbour


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<mask> (born August 5, 1977) is an American professional baseball coach and retired outfielder and first baseman. <mask> played in the major leagues from 2002 to 2013 with the Toronto Blue Jays, Boston Red Sox, Tampa Bay Rays, Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Yankees, Atlanta Braves and Arizona Diamondbacks at third base, first base, left field, and right field. He won the  AL Rookie of the Year Award with the Blue Jays. He has also been a coach for the Chicago Cubs and Los Angeles Angels. Playing career

Early career
Born in Menasha, Wisconsin, <mask> played for Menasha High School where he broke many hitting records, in addition to playing football as a running back. After graduating in 1995, he went on to play for the University of Arkansas. In 1997, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Hyannis Mets of the Cape Cod Baseball League.<mask> was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the 17th round of the 1998 amateur draft, and was traded to the Oakland Athletics for Miguel Cairo in March 2001. Toronto Blue Jays
On December 7, 2001, Toronto Blue Jays general manager J.P. Ricciardi acquired <mask> and reliever Justin Miller from the Athletics for Billy Koch, a move designed to bring youth and vitality to the team. <mask> was inserted in the everyday line-up in 2002, playing third base, and was a key contributor for the team, hitting predominantly in the second spot in the line-up. While criticized early for his sometimes shoddy defense, <mask> made up for his lapses with his bat, hitting 24 home runs, knocking in 84 runs, and scoring 99 runs. He is one of three rookies in Blue Jays history to hit 21 or more home runs, along with J.P. Arencibia (23 in 2011) and Rowdy Tellez (21 in 2019). He also led all AL third basemen in errors, with 22. He received wide recognition, winning both the MLB Rookie of the Year and The Sporting News Rookie of the Year awards.While playing with the Jays, Bushnell had an advertisement in The Globe and Mail stating <mask> eats fish tonight as the Jays were playing the Florida Marlins. This advertisement gave <mask> the nickname "The Big Fish". Following <mask>'s successful 2002 campaign, Ricciardi signed him to a five-year, $14.75 million contract in March 2003. <mask> slumped through the early part of the 2003 season before he was finally diagnosed with a broken hamate bone in his right hand, after he had played the beginning of the season with the fracture. As a result, he was unable to match his numbers of the previous year, finishing with an average of .243, 12 home runs and 63 RBI, <mask> finished fifth in the American League with 45 doubles. <mask> was still unable to return to his rookie form in 2004, finishing the year with a batting average of .248, with 15 home runs and 69 RBI. A positive note for Hinske was that he had committed a career-low seven errors at third base, and he led all third baseman in fielding percentage, with a .978 mark.After the 2004 season, the Blue Jays acquired Corey Koskie and Shea Hillenbrand, both third basemen, and <mask> was moved to first base for the 2005 season. He started strongly in 2005 with two home runs and 13 RBIs in his first eight games. <mask> finished April with four home runs and 17 RBIs, with a .289 average and a .482 slugging percentage. He finished the 2005 season with a .262 average, 15 home runs and 68 RBI, and a .430 slugging percentage. With the acquisitions of Lyle Overbay and Troy Glaus by Toronto in the 2005 offseason, there was little room for <mask> as a corner infielder, and he was shifted once more to right field in a platoon with Alex Ríos for the 2006 season. Rios won the job after having a solid April. Though <mask>'s primary position in 2006 was right field, he had also seen some spot duty at first and third base, due to either injuries suffered by his teammates during the game or for pinch-hitting purposes.On June 27, 2006, Rios was placed on the 15-day disabled list with a staph infection suffered after fouling a ball off his leg, thereby clearing the way for <mask> to see regular game action. In addition to Rios' injury, Hillenbrand's stormy departure from the team in July provided even more opportunity for increased playing time. <mask> is also quoted in a July 25, 2006, column on the Blue Jays' official website, criticizing the departed Hillenbrand, who was designated for assignment for, among other things, complaining about his lack of playing time:

Boston Red Sox

On August 17, 2006, <mask> was traded to the Boston Red Sox for a minor league player to be named later and cash considerations. His versatility helped the Red Sox, since they were greatly plagued by injuries in the second half of the season. He ended the season with a 10-game hitting streak. On May 17, 2007, <mask> had what could be his career highlight. In the 5th inning of a game against the Tigers, a ball was hit to right field (where <mask> was playing) and it appeared that the ball was out of reach.But he made a full-body diving catch, while also driving his face into the ground from the impact after making the catch. According to Red Sox color analyst, Jerry Remy, "Gosh, that's one of the best catches you'll see all season long (2007 season.) I didn't think he was gonna get to this." Later, in the bottom of the 7th inning, he would hit a home run into the Red Sox bullpen. <mask> hit below his career norms with a .204 batting average and a .733 OPS in the 115 games he appeared in with the Red Sox but received his first World Series ring with them in 2007. Tampa Bay Rays

On February 6, 2008, <mask> signed a minor-league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Tampa Bay Rays. He was added to the 40-man major league roster on March 29, and was the Rays opening-day right-fielder.In his Rays debut, <mask> homered to right field off Baltimore starter Jeremy Guthrie. On July 29, <mask> hit his 100th career home run off former Toronto Blue Jays teammate Roy Halladay. There was controversy as to whether or not it was an inside the park home run. It was later officially ruled a traditional home run, after it was thought to have hit an awning in center field. On the final day of the regular season, <mask> hit his 20th home run, drove in his 60th run, and stole his 10th base of the year. It was the first time he had hit twenty home runs since his rookie year of 2002, and the first time he had stolen ten bases or more since the 2004 season. Prior to game 4 of the World Series, <mask> was added to the Rays' roster, replacing the injured Cliff Floyd.In the fifth inning of Game 4, <mask> hit an estimated 410-foot pinch-hit home run to center field off Philadelphia starter Joe Blanton. In Game 5 of the 2008 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies, <mask> was the last batter struck out by Brad Lidge before the Rays lost the series. Pittsburgh Pirates

On January 30, 2009, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the Pittsburgh Pirates worth $1.5 million. He played 54 games for the team batting .255 while driving in 11 runs. New York Yankees

In July, <mask> was traded from the Pirates to the New York Yankees in exchange for <mask> and <mask>. With New York he hit .226 with 7 home runs in 84 at-bats over 39 games. <mask> was included in the Yankees' postseason roster for the first round of the 2009 American League Division Series, and for the World Series.This marked his third straight World Series appearance with his third different team, all from the AL East. Additionally, the Yankees win gave him his second World Series ring. Atlanta Braves

On January 5, 2010, it was reported that <mask> signed a one-year deal worth $1.5 million with the Atlanta Braves. In his first Braves at-bat he hit a triple. He hit his first home run as a Brave on May 16, 2010. Over the season, he appeared in 131 games, hitting .256 with 11 home runs and 51 RBI. He again made it to the postseason for the fourth straight year and hit a dramatic go-ahead, pinch-hit, two-run home run in the eighth inning of Game 3 of the NLDS against the San Francisco Giants, but the Braves ultimately lost that game and were eliminated in four games.On December 2, 2010, the Braves re-signed <mask> to a one-year deal with an option for 2012. <mask> earned himself the nickname "Big Damage" during the early part of the 2011 season for his dramatic home runs and reckless abandon in his fielding. He is also occasionally called "Big Diesel" by Braves announcers. On June 3, 2011, <mask> hit a go-ahead solo homer off Mets closer Francisco Rodriguez to help the Braves win 6-3. On May 11, 2012, <mask> was ejected by umpire Mike Muchlinski after Muchlinski ruled that <mask> had not checked his swing and was out on strikes. Arizona Diamondbacks
According to a report on December 4, 2012, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks. After passing a physical, the contract became official on December 6, 2012.On June 14, 2013, <mask> was suspended for five games for an aggressive action during a brawl between the Diamondbacks and the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 11. The suspension was later reduced to only one game. He was designated for assignment on June 28, 2013. Scouting and coaching
Following the 2013 season, <mask> rejoined the Yankees, this time as a scout. He helped convince Brian McCann to sign with the Yankees. After a month as a Yankees' scout, <mask> was hired by the Chicago Cubs to be their first base coach on December 3, 2013. On October 9, 2014, he took up the position of assistant hitting coach within the same organization.In 2016, <mask> won his third World Series ring when the Cubs defeated the Indians in the 2016 World Series in seven games. He was hired by the Los Angeles Angels on October 23, 2017 to be their hitting coach. After one season, he was replaced by Jeremy Reed. He was hired as the assistant hitting coach by the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2019. On June 10, 2021, <mask> was relieved of his position with the club. Personal life
<mask> was raised in Menasha, Wisconsin. He attended Menasha High School and played baseball, basketball and football for the Menasha Blue Jays, and lettered in all three sports.<mask> and wife Kathryn, have two daughters, Ava, who was born August 8, 2007, Dylan who was born February 9, 2010 and a son, Aiden Jase (A.J.) born October 31, 2013. <mask> enjoys listening to metal music, and his walk-up song was "Walk" by Pantera. <mask>nis Harbor Hawks players
Iowa Cubs players
Los Angeles Angels coaches
Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball hitting coaches
Major League Baseball third basemen
New York Yankees players
New York Yankees scouts
People from Menasha, Wisconsin
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Reno Aces players
Rockford Cubbies players
Sacramento River Cats players
Syracuse SkyChiefs players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Toronto Blue Jays players
West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players
Williamsport Cubs players

masks:
Eric Scott Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Eric Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Eric Fryer
Casey Erickson
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinske
Hinskeyan


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<mask> (born March 10, 1986) is a former American football wide receiver. He played six seasons in the National Football League with the Cincinnati Bengals and Cleveland Browns and two seasons for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League, where he was part of back-to-back Grey Cup Championships. He had signed with the New England Patriots in the 2017 offseason, but announced his retirement just days before training camp. He played college football for the Toledo Rockets from 2004 to 2007. Early career
<mask> attended Bishop McCort High School in his hometown of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, where he played football and ran track. In football, he played as a running back and had 562 yards rushing and 10 touchdowns as a senior. He was named second-team All-state as a defensive back by PA Football News and Associated Press, and All-conference as a running back.In track & field, <mask> competed in sprinting and jumping events. In sprints, he recorded a personal-best time of 11.33 seconds in the 100 meters, and was a member of the 4 × 100 m relay squad. He also participated in long jump (20 ft 2 in) and triple jump (41 ft 8 in). <mask> chose to attend college at the University of Toledo in Toledo, Ohio. He played at wide receiver and cornerback, making him the first Rocket to play both ways in 48 years. Over four seasons, he played in 37 games, starting in 25. He finished his career with 67 receptions for 1,107 yards and five touchdowns.As a cornerback, he had two forced fumbles, one blocked punt and 21 tackles. Professional career

<mask> worked out with the Cleveland Browns after going undrafted in the 2008 NFL draft. He was not signed to play in the NFL and was out of football the entire 2008 season. 4th and <mask> competed as a contestant on Michael Irvin's football reality show 4th and Long. <mask> was a runner-up to fellow receiver Jesse Holley. <mask> was cut on the final episode along with future CFL player Ahmaad Smith. Montreal Alouettes
He then signed with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL) on December 5, 2008.However, before his first CFL season in 2009, <mask> went to compete on Michael Irvin's football reality show 4th and Long to compete for a spot on the Dallas Cowboys roster. He was named the runner-up. <mask> then went on to play with the Alouettes for two seasons. He scored his first CFL touchdown on October 12, 2009 during a Thanksgiving Day match-up against the Calgary Stampeders. He totaled only 41 receptions, 457 yards and five touchdowns in two seasons for the Alouettes, but was a part of the back-to-back Grey Cup championship teams. St. Louis Rams
On January 12, 2011, <mask> signed a contract with the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He was waived on August 1, 2011.Cincinnati Bengals

The Cincinnati Bengals claimed <mask> off waivers on August 1, 2011. He debuted for the team on August 21, 2011 in Week 2 of the preseason against New York Jets, catching a 15-yard pass from Dan LeFevour. <mask> was waived during final-day cuts on September 3 but he was re-signed to the team's practice squad the following day. <mask> was added to the active roster after Jordan Shipley was placed on injured reserve. <mask> went on to record 23 receptions for 263 yards, both fifth among the team's receivers. He also had five rushes for 25 yards converted on nine third-down situations. His on-the-field performance made <mask> a bit of a "fan favorite" among Bengals fans, who referred to him as "Baby Hawk".He had a breakout season in 2012 for the Bengals, playing in 14 games and totaling 51 receptions for 533 yards and four touchdowns, plus six rushes for 30 yards. In 2013, he suffered a serious ankle injury prior to the preseason and was placed on injured reserve with a designation for a possible return, meaning he could return and play by Week 9. He did return and played in the Bengals final eight games, totaling 12 receptions for 199 yards. Cleveland Browns
<mask> signed an offer sheet with the Cleveland Browns on March 12, 2014. The Bengals had until March 18 to match or the offer sheet would become an official contract. The Bengals declined to match the offer, and <mask> became a member of the Browns with a reported four-year, $13.6 million contract, including a $3.8 million signing bonus. In his first season in Cleveland, <mask> led the Browns with 63 catches for 824 yards and two touchdowns.On December 23, 2015, the Browns placed him on injured reserve. On February 27, 2017, <mask> was released by the Browns. New England Patriots
On May 24, 2017, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the New England Patriots. Retirement
On July 25, 2017, <mask> announced his retirement from the NFL. Statistics

NFL

all stats from espn.com

CFL

Personal life
<mask> is the younger brother of former NFL cornerback Artrell <mask>. He is also the cousin of retired CFL slotback Geroy Simon, and former NFL offensive guard Carlton Haselrig. <mask> is a Christian.<mask> has spoken about his faith saying, "I literally thank God every day for what I'm doing right now. I wouldn't change the way I got here at all. It taught me so much. It made me a better person and a better man. I'm just so thankful for where I am, and I wake up every day and thank God for it." <mask> graduated from Columbia University in 2017 with a master's degree in sports management from the School of Professional Studies with a 4.0 GPA. Film and television career
<mask> appears as an extra in the George Clooney film, The Ides of March.<mask> is now a host on SportsCenter on Snapchat. In addition to this <mask> co-hosts a football based podcast called the Thomahawk show with his former teammate from the Browns, Joe Thomas. <mask> hosts Discovery Channel's reality competition TV show Dodgeball Thunderdome along with YouTube star David Dobrik and Erin Lim. <mask> cohosts variety program "Roku Recommends" with actress Maria Menounos which premiered July 2021

References

External links

 Toledo Rockets bio
 Cincinnati Bengals bio
 Cleveland Browns bio

1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
American football wide receivers
Canadian football wide receivers
Toledo Rockets football players
Montreal Alouettes players
St. Louis Rams players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Cleveland Browns players
New England Patriots players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Andrew Austin Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Long Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
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Hawkins
Hawkins


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<mask>  (known as Peter; 31 October 1905 – 25 December 1988) was a Welsh archaeologist. He devoted his career to the archaeology of London and the prehistory of Wales. He was awarded a CBE in 1955. Early life
<mask> was born in Pembroke in Wales. His father was a draughtsman with the Pembroke docks board. He was educated at Pembroke county school and then at Bedford Modern School after his father moved to Bedford to work as a draughtsman on airships. <mask> returned to Wales in 1923 to study Latin at the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire in Cardiff, where his lecturers included <mask> and <mask>.<mask> was also Keeper and then from 1923 Director of the National Museum of Wales. <mask> graduated with first-class honours in 1926. Career
<mask> moved to become Director of the London Museum in 1926, and <mask> replaced him as Director of the National Museum of Wales. <mask> became an assistant keeper of archaeology at the National Museum of Wales, working with the newly appointed keeper of archaeology, Victor Erle <mask>. He received an MA from the University of Wales in 1930 for a dissertation on the Roman pottery from the 20th Legion's works at Holt (then in Denbighshire). He became interested in the prehistory of Wales, and was involved in excavations at Pyle, Ludchurch, Corston Beacon and Llanboidy. <mask> became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1934.He published a book on the prehistory of Wales in 1939, Guide to the Collection Illustrating the Prehistory of Wales, which won the Cambrian Archaeological Association's G. T. Clark prize in 1949. The book was republished as The Prehistory of Wales in 1951, and a second edition followed in 1959. He met <mask> in 1935, while preparing an exhibition in Swansea for the centenary of the Royal Institution of South Wales. They went on to work together at many excavations in Wales and elsewhere, and were later married. <mask> moved to Southampton in 1938 to become an assistant archaeology officer with the Ordnance Survey, and was quickly involved in the excavation of the newly discovered ship burial at Sutton Hoo the following year. He was seconded to the Ministry of Works in the Second World War, and worked with <mask> on quick surveys and excavations before the construction of new airfields and other military structures. His discoveries included an Iron Age religious site at Heathrow.In 1945, he succeeded <mask> as director of the London Museum, then based in Lancaster House. He was involved in the programme to excavate Blitz sites in London before they were redeveloped. For this work, he received the freedom of the City of London in 1952. A highlight was the excavation of the London Mithraeum with <mask>, which was discovered at a building site at Walbrook in 1954. The site was featured in the Illustrated London News illustrated with drawings by Alan Sorrell. The unexpected discovery of a bust of Mithras on the last scheduled day of the excavation generated considerable press and public interest, debates in Parliament and discussion in the Cabinet. The excavation was extended, allowing further discoveries to be made, but delaying the construction.Although Bucklersbury House was built over the site, <mask> succeeded in salvaging many of its finds and features including marble statuary attesting to the wealth of its congregation. The temple was reconstructed nearby in the 1960s, but the work was not supervised by archaeologists and <mask> was dismissive of the result. <mask> was appointed CBE in 1955. He continued his excavations in London after he succeeded V. Gordon Childe as director of the Institute of Archaeology and professor of archaeology at the University of London in 1956 (<mask> had founded the Institute in 1937, and Childe became director after <mask> resigned in 1946). While <mask> was its director, the Institute moved from St John's Lodge in Regent's Park to new premises at Gordon Square. <mask> remained interested in the archaeology of Wales. He received an honorary DLitt from the University of Wales in 1961, and was president of the Cambrian Archaeological Association in 1963–64.He served on many commissions and committees with a variety of official bodies and archaeological societies and organisations, including the Society of Antiquaries, the Royal Archaeological Institute, and the Council for British Archaeology. He was a member of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales for 30 years from 1948, also serving a period as chairman, and joined the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England in 1964. He retired from both commissions in 1978. Between 1975 and 1988 he served as the first chairman of the Dyfed Archaeological Trust. Private life
<mask> married a childhood friend Barbara Lilian Morgan in 1928. They had two children. They were divorced in 1959, and he became the third husband of <mask>.She bestowed on him the nickname Peter. They retired to her home in Brynmill in Swansea in 1973. After Audrey died in 1978, he was remarried to Mrs <mask> Sholto Douglas in 1980. He suffered from Parkinson's disease in later life, and died at home in Swansea. He was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at Pwlldu Bay on the Gower Peninsula, where the ashes of his second wife Audrey had also been scattered. Published works
The Megalithic Monuments of Wales, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, 1936. The Prehistory of Wales, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, 1951."Excavations in the City of London", in Bruce-Mitford, R. L. S. (ed.) Recent Archaeological Excavations in Britain, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956. The Excavation of Roman and Mediaeval London, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968. See also
Nautical Archaeology Society

References

 David Gill, '<mask>, <mask> (1905–1988)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 3 May 2013
 <mask> <mask>: The Making of a Prehistorian, <mask> Gill, Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 10:1 (May 2000)

External links

Welsh archaeologists
People from Pembroke, Pembrokeshire
People educated at Bedford Modern School
1905 births
1988 deaths
Academics of the UCL Institute of Archaeology
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England

masks:
William Francis Grimes
Grimes
Grimes
Mortimer Wheeler
Cyril Fox
Wheeler
Grimes
Wheeler
Cyril Fox
Grimes
Nash Williams
Grimes
Audrey Williams
Grimes
Audrey Williams
Mortimer Wheeler
Audrey Williams
Grimes
Grimes
Grimes
Wheeler
Wheeler
Grimes
Grimes
Grimes
Audrey Williams
Molly Waverley
Grimes
William Francis
William F
Grimes
David WJ


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<mask> (born 12 July 1991) is a Northern Irish professional footballer who plays for Rotherham United and the Northern Ireland national team. He previously played for Newcastle United in the Premier League, where he had two spells on loan to Birmingham City of the English Championship, as well as Rangers of the Scottish Championship and Scottish Professional Football League and Millwall of the EFL Championship. He is capable of playing anywhere on the left flank as a full back or winger. Early life
Born in Derry, <mask> began playing youth football for his hometown club, Maiden City, and Gaelic football for Derry GAA. After finishing his GCSEs at St Mary's High School, he moved to England where he was offered a scholarship at the Newcastle United Academy. Club career

Newcastle United
Ferguson joined the Newcastle United youth system in July 2007. In June 2009, he signed a new three-year contract.<mask> made his first team debut at left back on 25 August 2010, in a League Cup tie away at Accrington Stanley. He then played in the next round of the League Cup, on 22 September, away at Chelsea and he assisted in the first goal in the 4–3 win. He made his Premier League debut on 5 January 2011 against West Ham United as a second-half substitute. He made his first Premier League start against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 2 April 2011. <mask> signed a new five-year contract on 27 May 2011, having made a good impression in the final part of the season. A lengthy lay off due to a pre-season ankle ligament injury sustained against Darlington meant the young full back was unable to travel with the first team to a pre-season tournament in the United States. After appearing in the League Cup second round against Nottingham Forest, he made his first Premier League appearance on 10 December 2011, as a late substitute for Davide Santon.In the early months of the 2012–13 season <mask> assisted a number of goals for strikers Demba Ba and Papiss Cissé and produced some quality crosses from the left wing. Loans to Birmingham City, Rangers and Millwall

In late February 2013, <mask> joined Championship club Birmingham City on loan until 1 April. He scored his first goal for the club, and his first senior competitive goal, with a free kick from just outside the penalty area, to complete Birmingham's 4–0 away win against Crystal Palace on 29 March. His loan was extended until the end of the season, and he made 11 appearances before returning to Newcastle. In July 2013, <mask> rejoined Birmingham on loan for the season. He played regularly at the start of the season, but fell out of favour, and appeared only three times in the last three months of the season after the arrival of Liverpool's Jordon Ibe on loan. Having made no first-team appearances in the first half of 2014–15, he was one of five Newcastle players to join Scottish Championship club Rangers on loan on 2 February 2015.He was still recovering from a knee ligament injury, and only regained fitness in time to make two appearances: as a second-half substitute in the first leg of the play-off final and as a starter in the second, as Rangers lost out to Motherwell. <mask> joined Millwall on loan on 7 August 2015 on a 92-day loan from parent club Newcastle. His debut came a day later in a 2–1 away win against Shrewsbury Town. On 1 September, <mask>'s loan spell at the club was extended until 9 January 2016. <mask> scored his first Millwall goal in November 2015 against Colchester United. He made 24 appearances and scored 2 goals for Millwall before returning to Newcastle in January 2016. Millwall
On 26 January 2016, <mask> signed an eighteen-month contract with Millwall for an undisclosed fee.In May 2021, he was released from the club. Rotherham
On 20 July 2021, <mask> signed a two-year contract (with the option of a third year) with Rotherham United. He made his debut in the first game of the 2021–22 season against Plymouth Argyle on 7 August 2021, coming on as a second half substitute. International career
<mask> has been capped for the Northern Ireland national team at various youth levels. He made his senior debut when he came on as a substitute in a 3–0 friendly defeat to Italy on 6 June 2009. He was called up for the 2011 U21 European Championship qualifier against Germany on 13 November but did not leave the bench. Simultaneously, he had also been a regular in the U-19 squad in their bid to qualify for the 2010 European Championships and helped them to a place in the elite round.He played all three matches of that round, but Northern Ireland failed to win any of the games and finished at the bottom of their group. In May 2011 it was reported that Northern Ireland manager Nigel Worthington believed that <mask> would switch his allegiance to the Republic of Ireland after he failed to reply to telephone calls. In the months that followed, <mask> did not comment on his future at international level. However, under-21 coach Steve Beaglehole later stated that he believed <mask> never attempted to switch allegiances despite failing to respond to Worthington's calls as he had started in all the 2013 European Championship qualifiers from September onwards. In November, <mask> ended the speculation by publicly committing his international future to Northern Ireland. On 20 February 2012 <mask> was included in Michael O'Neill's first squad following his appointment as the Northern Ireland manager. <mask> scored his first goal for Northern Ireland in an international friendly versus Finland on 15 August 2012.A year later, he produced what O'Neill called "90 minutes of the really highest quality" as Northern Ireland beat Russia in a 2014 World Cup qualifier. Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first. Honours
Millwall
EFL League One play-offs: 2017

References

External links

<mask> profile at Irish Football Association

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Derry (city)
Association footballers from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland youth international footballers
Northern Ireland under-21 international footballers
Northern Ireland B international footballers
Northern Ireland international footballers
Association football wingers
Newcastle United F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C.players
Premier League players
English Football League players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Gaelic footballers who switched code

masks:
Shane Kevin Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
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Shane Ferguson


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<mask> (born July 23, 1968) is an American model and actress. During the 1980s and 1990s, she was one of the most popular supermodels, being featured in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and the cover of Vogue, as well as being a former Victoria's Secret Angel. She had a book published about beauty tips and has participated in advertising campaigns for clothing and cosmetic products. In 2017, <mask> launched her own line of lingerie. She has ventured into acting with one appearance in each medium of film, television, and video games. Early life and career
Born in San Diego, California, the middle child of a California real estate-developer father and hairstylist mother, <mask> started her modeling career working for local newspapers and department stores in her hometown at the age of 16. In 1983, at 15, she was a finalist at the inaugural Elite Model Management Look of the Year modeling contest (now called Elite Model Look).In the late 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> appeared in numerous issues of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and on the cover of Vogue as well. During the same period, <mask> was a primary lingerie and hosiery model for the relatively new Victoria's Secret company in its mail-order catalogs and retail stores. In March 1991, and again in February 1993, <mask> posed for Playboy. She was one of the most famous supermodels of the 1980s and 1990s along with Kate Moss, Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Cindy Crawford, and Claudia Schiffer. Vanity Fair would later have several of these models appear on the cover of an issue photographed by Mario Testino, called "—A League Of Their Own". In the 2006 book In Vogue: The Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine, the editors cite the "original supermodels" and <mask> when quoting Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour, who said, "Those girls were so fabulous for fashion and totally reflected that time ... [They] were like movie stars." The editors name famous models from previous decades, but explain that, "None of them attained the fame and worldwide renown bestowed on Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, Tatjana Patitz, <mask>, Claudia Schiffer, Yasmeen Ghauri, and Karen Mulder in the late 1980s and early 1990s.These models burst out beyond the pages of the magazines. Many became the faces of cosmetics brands and perfumes, had their own television programs and physical-fitness videos and their own lines of lingerie. Their lives, activities, influences, and images were the subjects of all types of sociological and historical analysis." In 1998, <mask> wrote <mask>'s Beauty Secrets for Dummies. In 2000, <mask> was ranked #91 on the North American FHM 100 Sexiest Women of 2000 list. In 2006, she appeared in a campaign for Gap with her children. Salvatore Ferragamo's creative campaign for his fall/winter 2007/2008 collection featured <mask> and Claudia Schiffer, shot on location in Italy with Mario Testino.In the promotional photos, the supermodels play film stars protected by bodyguards and pursued by the paparazzi. <mask> was joined by other fellow supermodels Naomi Campbell, Kate Moss, Linda Evangelista, Daria Werbowy, Christy Turlington, and Amber Valletta for the September 2013 issue of Interview magazine titled "Model". In 2014, <mask> was named a global spokesmodel for Estée Lauder. <mask> co-founded and launched the lingerie line Raven & Sparrow in 2017. The line features high end vintage inspired pieces designed for comfort, ranging from camisoles and rompers to silk robes and nightgowns. It is available exclusively at Barneys New York. Acting
<mask>'s first acting role was as explosives expert Cynna Stone in the video game Hell: A Cyberpunk Thriller.She played the unusual part of a live actor in a game whose characters and scenery were nearly all CG renders. In 2000, <mask> played Helen Frankenthaler in the movie Pollock. In 2002, she played the role of Sara Lindstrom in the "Crazy" episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent. Personal life
At the age of 16, she began dating 42 year old John Casablancas, the head of Elite Model Management, who was, at the time, married to model Jeanette Christiansen. The couple lived together before <mask> broke off the relationship. From 1989 to 1990, she was married to guitarist Tommy Andrews. The marriage failed but resulted in the birth of her first son, Dylan Thomas Andrews, in 1990.By mid-1991, she had become involved with Axl Rose, the lead singer of Guns N' Roses. She appeared in two music videos by Guns N' Roses: "Don't Cry" and "November Rain". The couple were reportedly engaged, but they broke up in February 1993. In August 1993, Rose sued <mask> claiming she assaulted him and stole more than $100,000 worth of jewelry. <mask> countersued claiming he was physically abusive. <mask> subpoenaed Erin Everly, Rose's ex-wife, to testify that she was also abused by him. The lawsuits were eventually settled.Shortly after her breakup with Rose, <mask> began dating Peter Brant, who was married and the father of five children. Brant is a publisher, real estate developer and art collector. She gave birth to the couple's first son (her second), Peter II, in December 1993. <mask> and Brant married in July 1995 in Paris. <mask> gave birth to their second son, Harry Joseph, in 1996, and to their third child, daughter Lily Margaret, in 2004. In March 2009, <mask> filed for divorce from Brant after almost 14 years of marriage. The couple reconciled in 2010.Their son, model Harry Brant, died at age 24 from a drug overdose on January 17, 2021. On the one-year anniversary of Harry's death <mask> took to social media and posted an emotional tribute to her son's passing on Instagram receiving support from many celebrities such as Cindy Crawford. Filmography

References

External links

 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Collection Gallery for <mask>

1968 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from San Diego
American female models
American film actresses
American television actresses
American video game actresses
Axl Rose
IMG Models models
Living people
Female models from California
Victoria's Secret Angels

masks:
Stephanie Michelle Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Stephanie Seymour
Seymour
Stephanie Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
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Stephanie Seymour


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<mask> (born 18 February 1990) is a Costa Rican professional footballer who plays as a left-back or left midfielder for Danish Superliga club Copenhagen and the Costa Rica national team. He was selected for the Costa Rica national team at the Copa América Centenario and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. <mask> has previously represented Saprissa, Nordsjælland, Everton and Sunderland. Club career

Copenhagen
In early 2010 he signed for Danish club Copenhagen. Everton
On 31 August 2012, <mask> signed for English side Everton for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut as an 85th-minute substitute during a 3–0 away league win over Swansea City in September. <mask> was very much a squad player during his first season with Everton as he made 15 league appearances, 14 of those as a substitute.In 2012, in a starting 11 against Norwich City, <mask> picked up his first assist for the club. He scored his first goal for Everton on 30 November 2013 in a 4–0 win over Stoke City, also picking up an assist. Four days later he scored against Manchester United in the 86th minute in a 1–0 win, leading Everton to their first win at Old Trafford in 21 years. On 25 January 2014, <mask> suffered a broken left leg 18 minutes into the Stevenage vs Everton FA Cup Fourth Round tie. He sustained the injury from a tackle on Stevenage midfielder Simon Heslop, a clean break to both his tibia and fibula. Immediately after the game, speaking to BT Sport, Everton manager Roberto Martínez said "A real negative today is the unfortunate incident and we need to give <mask> as much support as we can now. He's had a terrific season and I've been very impressed with him.He's an important player in the group and he deserves a speedy recovery. The injury to <mask> affected everyone. Those type of injuries leave a sick taste." Everton later confirmed that Oviedo would require surgery to heal a double fracture of his left leg. In May 2014, <mask> said he was unable to recover from his injury in time to be ready for the 2014 World Cup with his national team. <mask> returned from injury on 23 September in Everton's 3–0 defeat at Swansea City in the second round of the League Cup; he started the match before being replaced after 58 minutes by James McCarthy. Sunderland
On 30 January 2017, <mask> and former Everton teammate Darron Gibson joined Sunderland on permanent deals; with <mask> penning a three-and-a-half-year deal, taking him up to the summer of 2020; while Gibson signed a one-a-half-year deal to reunite with former manager David Moyes.On 4 February 2017, <mask> made his Sunderland debut in a 4–0 win against Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park. Return to Copenhagen
In July 2019 he re-signed for FC Copenhagen. International career
In 2007, <mask> represented Costa Rica at the CONCACAF U17 Tournament (a precursor to the CONCACAF U17 Championship). <mask> played in all three games, beating Trinidad and Tobago 2–0, drawing 0–0 with Canada and losing 2–1 to United States. Costa Rica finished in second place in Group B and qualifying for the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup. <mask> was not selected in the U17 World Cup squad. Two years later <mask> was named in the 2009 CONCACAF U-20 Championship squad.<mask>'s Costa Rica beat Mexico 1–0 in their opening game, drew 0–0 with Trinidad and Tobago and beat Canada 2–1 in the final group stage game. <mask> was not named in the team for the semi-final against Honduras but played in the final where Costa Rica beat USA 3–0. Due to the successful campaign in the U-20 Championship, Costa Rica qualified for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. <mask> retained his place in the national under 20 team and was named in the squad for the U-20 World Cup. The U20 World Cup did not get off to the best of starts. <mask> featured in the team in a 5–0 loss to Brazil in Costa Rica's opening game in Group E. In the second game he helped Costa Rica defeat Australia 3–0 and was also named in the team that lost their final group game against Czech Republic 3–2. The three points were enough to qualify and Costa Rica defeated hosts Egypt 2–0 in front of 81,860 in the knock out stage.Costa Rica beat United Arab Emirates 2–1 after extra time in the quarter finals and lost to Brazil 1–0 at the semi-final stage. The Costa Ricans met Hungary in the third place playoff where they were defeated on penalties after a 1–1 draw. His debut match with the Costa Rica national team was against Argentina on 26 January 2010. <mask> was named in the Costa Rica national team for the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Costa Rica finished second in Group A after opening with a 5–0 win against Cuba, a 1–1 draw with El Salvador ensuring qualification before losing 4–1 to Mexico in the final group stage game. Costa Rica were knocked out of the competition following a penalty shootout after a 1–1 draw with Honduras. In May 2018 he was named in Costa Rica's 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Costa Rica's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Oviedo goal. Honours
Copenhagen
Danish Superliga: 2009–10
Danish Cup: 2010–11, 2011–12

Costa Rica
UNCAF Nations Cup runner-up: 2011

Individual
Danish Cup Player of the Year: 2011–12

Notes

References

External links

Profile at Sunderland A.F.C. 1990 births
Living people
People from San Carlos (canton)
Association football defenders
Costa Rican footballers
Costa Rica international footballers
Costa Rica under-20 international footballers
Costa Rican people of Spanish descent
Deportivo Saprissa players
F.C. Copenhagen players
FC Nordsjælland players
Everton F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Liga FPD players
Danish Superliga players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Costa Rican expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Denmark
Expatriate footballers in England
Costa Rican expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Costa Rican expatriate sportspeople in England
2009 CONCACAF U-20 Championship players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Copa América Centenario players
2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup players

masks:
Bryan Josué Oviedo Jiménez
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Bryan
Bryan
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo