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 said:

This permanently hindered his playing abilities. During his wartime duty he played some exhibitions for the troops in particular during the summer 1945 with the war winding down, <mask> played in a US Army (Budge-Frank Parker) – US Navy (Riggs – Wayne Sabin) competition under the Davis Cup format: the main confrontations were the Budge-Riggs meetings knowing that both Americans were the best players in the world in 1942 just before being enlisted in the U.S. Armed Forces and again when they came back to the professional circuit in 1945. In the first match, on the island of Guam, Budge trounced Riggs 6–2, 6–2. On the island of Peleliu, Budge won again 6–4, 7–5. Riggs won the next two matches against Budge, 6–1, 6–1 (island of Ulithi) and 6–3, 4–6, 6–1 (island of Saipan). Budge confided in Parker his disbelief at losing two matches in a row to Riggs. In the fifth and final match on the island of Tinian, scheduled for the first week of August 1945, Riggs defeated Budge 6–8, 6–1, 8–6.This was the first time <mask> had been beaten by Riggs in a series (Riggs also won three matches out of five against the amateur Parker, both holder and future titlist of the U.S. Amateur Nationals at Forest Hills) thereby giving Riggs an important psychological edge in their forthcoming peacetime tours. Post war

1946
In 1946, Budge lost narrowly to Riggs in their U.S. tour, 24 matches to 22. Riggs thereby established himself as the world No. 1. According to Kramer,

The hierarchy was confirmed at the U.S. Pro, held at Forest Hills where Riggs easily defeated <mask> in the last round.There was a tournament circuit in 1946. <mask> won events at Memphis in June (beating Riggs in the final), Richmond in June (beating Riggs in the final), Philadelphia in July (beating Van Horn in the final) and San Francisco in October (beating Riggs in the final). <mask> finished second in the points table behind Riggs. 1947
In 1947 <mask> beat Riggs in two European tours, one early in the year and one in the summer. According to Riggs, <mask> still had a very powerful, very deadly overhead and rather than winning outright very many points with his lobbing, he actually achieved two other goals: his constant lobbing led <mask> to play somewhat deeper at the net than he would have otherwise, thereby making it easier for Riggs to hit passing shots for winners; and the constant lobbing helped to wear <mask> down by forcing him to run back to the backline time after time. Riggs stayed the pro king by defeating <mask> in the U.S. Pro final in five sets, so Riggs would face Kramer on the big tour in 1948.1948-1961
<mask> reached two more U.S. Pro finals, losing in 1949 at Forest Hills to Riggs and in 1953 in Cleveland to Pancho Gonzales. In 1954, <mask> recorded his last significant victory in a North American tour with Pancho Gonzales, Pancho Segura, and Frank Sedgman when, in Los Angeles, he defeated Gonzales, by then the best player in the world. In April 1955 <mask> won the U. S. Pro Clay Court Championships at Fort Lauderdale beating Riggs in the final. <mask> was playing very infrequently by now. He continued playing until 1961, when he lost in the Southern Pro final to Jack Arkinstall in straight sets. "He still hits a wonderful backhand, but he's five years older than I am and I guess I just got around too fast for him," said Arkinstall.Later years and honors
He appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show in 1948 and the Steve Allen Plymouth Show in 1951. He appeared as himself in the 1953 film Pat and Mike. After retiring from competition, <mask> turned to coaching and conducted tennis clinics for children. According to Riggs' 1949 autobiography as of that writing, <mask> owned a laundry in New York with Sidney Wood as well as a bar in Oakland. A gentleman on and off the court, he was much in demand for speaking engagements and endorsed various lines of sporting goods. With the advent of the Open era in tennis, in 1968 he returned to play at Wimbledon in the Veteran's doubles. In 1973, at the age of 58, he and former champion Frank Sedgman teamed up to win the Veteran's Doubles Championship at Wimbledon before an appreciative crowd.<mask> was the resident tennis pro at the Montego Bay Racquet Club in Jamaica in 1977. In October 1978 he became the tennis pro at the Cambridge Towers Hotel in Las Vegas. After a few months he was terminated but he sued the owner for breach of his five-year contract and was awarded $455,041. <mask> was inducted into the National Lawn Tennis Hall of Fame, now the International Tennis Hall of Fame, at Newport, Rhode Island, in 1964. He was elected to the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame in 1992. The once-gravel tennis courts at Bushrod Park in north Oakland, which he played on as a youth, are named for him. He is referenced in the 1977 Broadway musical Annie in the song "I Think I'm Gonna Like It Here."When Annie says she's never picked up a tennis racket, Daddy Warbucks' secretary tells an underling: "Have an instructor here at noon. Oh, and get that <mask> fellow if he's available." The reference is technically an anachronism, as the story is set in 1933, at which time <mask> was an undergraduate at Berkeley and had not yet achieved prominence. Personal life
He wed Deirdre Conselman (1922-1978), the daughter of screenwriter and cartoonist William Conselman, at St. Chrysostom's Episcopal Church in Chicago on June 2, 1941. In his later years he lived in Dingman's Ferry, Pennsylvania, with his second wife, Loriel. In December 1999, <mask> was injured in an automobile accident from which he never fully recovered. He died on January 26, 2000, at a nursing home in Scranton, Pennsylvania, aged 84.He had two sons, David and Jeffrey. <mask> is a consensus pick for being one of the greatest players of all time. He had a graceful, overpowering backhand that he hit with a slight amount of topspin and that, combined with his quickness and his serve, made him the best player of his time. E. Digby Baltzell wrote in 1994 that <mask> and Laver "have usually been rated at the top of any all-time World Champions list, Budge having a slight edge." Will Grimsley wrote in 1971 that <mask> "is considered by many to be foremost among the all-time greats." Paul Metzler, in his analysis of ten of the all-time greats, singles out <mask> as the greatest player before World War II, and gives him second place overall behind Jack Kramer. In 1978, Ellsworth Vines ranked his all time top 10 in Tennis Myth and Method and rated Budge number one.Jack Kramer himself has written that <mask> Vines topped him when at the height of his game. Kramer said:

In his 1979 autobiography, Kramer considered the best player ever to have been either <mask> (for consistent play) or Ellsworth Vines (at the height of his game). The next four best were, chronologically, Bill Tilden, Fred Perry, Bobby Riggs, and Pancho Gonzales. All of these sources were written, after Rod Laver completed his second, and Open, Grand Slam in 1969. In early 1986 Inside Tennis, a magazine edited in Northern California, devoted parts of four issues to a lengthy article called "Tournament of the Century", an imaginary tournament to determine the greatest of all time. 25 players in all were named by the 37 experts in their lists of the ten best. The magazine then ranked them in descending order by total number of points assigned.The top eight players in overall points, with their number of first-place votes, were: Rod Laver (9), John McEnroe (3), <mask> (4), Jack Kramer (5), Björn Borg (6), Pancho Gonzales (1), Bill Tilden (6), and Lew Hoad (1). McEnroe was still an active player and Laver and Borg had only recently retired. In the imaginary tournament, Laver beat McEnroe in the finals in five sets. More recently, an Associated Press poll conducted in 1999 ranked <mask> fifth, following Laver, Pete Sampras, Tilden, and Borg. Even more recently, in 2006, a panel of former players and experts was asked by TennisWeek to assemble a draw for a fantasy tournament to determine who was the greatest of all time. The top eight seeds were Roger Federer, Laver, Sampras, Borg, Tilden, <mask>, Kramer, and McEnroe. Major finals
Grand Slam tournaments
Singles: 7 (6 titles, 1 runner-up)

Doubles: 7 (4 titles, 3 runner-ups)

Pro Slam tournaments
Singles: 8 (4 titles, 4 runner-ups)

Performance timelineDon <mask> joined professional tennis in 1939 and was unable to compete in the Grand Slam tournaments.Single titles

Amateur era
Singles (1934–1938) : 26 titles

Records
 These records were attained in pre-Open Era of tennis. Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements. See also
 All-time tennis records – men's singles
 Open Era tennis records – men's singles

References

Sources
 Sporting Gentlemen: Men's Tennis from the Age of Honor to the Cult of the Superstar, (1994), E. Digby Baltzell
 Tennis: Its History, People and Events, (1971), Will Grimsley
 Tennis Styles and Stylists, (1969), Paul Metzler
 The Game, My 40 Years in Tennis (1979), Jack Kramer with Frank Deford ()
 Tennis Is My Racket, (1949), Bobby Riggs

Further reading
 Fisher, Marshall Jon (2009). A Terrible Splendor: Three Extraordinary Men, a World Poised for War and the Greatest Tennis Match Ever Played. External links

American male tennis players
American people of Scottish descent
American tennis coaches
Australian Championships (tennis) champions
California Golden Bears men's tennis players
French Championships (tennis) champions
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
James E. Sullivan Award recipients
Sportspeople from Oakland, California
Tennis commentators
Tennis people from California
United States National champions (tennis)
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
World No. 1 tennis players
1915 births
2000 deaths
Road incident deaths in Pennsylvania
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Professional tennis players before the Open Era
United States Army Air Forces personnel of

masks:
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Don Budge
Budge
Budge
Assessment Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge
Budgelsworth
Don Budge
Don Budge
Budge
Budge
Budge


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<mask> (born 29 March 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre back for  club Crystal Palace. He has represented England at all levels up to the under-21 team and represented Great Britain at the 2012 London Olympics. He is a product of the West Ham youth academy. Club career

West Ham United

Early years and club debut

Aged seven, <mask> was spotted while playing for his local Sunday League side and signed into West Ham United's youth academy. Initially a striker, he eventually switched to his current position in central defence. He signed scholarship forms in 2005. Prior to making his first-team debut, his career had been marred by several injuries.<mask> made his Premier League debut on 22 March 2008 in a 1–1 draw away to Everton. Although his costly slip allowed Yakubu to score the opening goal, He made five more starts and a substitute appearance. As first choice centre backs <mask>, Danny Gabbidon and Matthew Upson were all out injured during various times in the season, he enjoyed an extended run in the first team for the remainder of the season, winning the Young Hammer of the Year for 2007–08. 2008–09 season
On 27 November, <mask> signed for Derby County on a five-week loan spell. He made his debut for Derby in their 3–0 away defeat to Burnley on 29 November 2008. He played 8 times in all competitions for Derby County during his loan spell, before being recalled to West Ham on 31 December 2008 by manager Gianfranco Zola. After his stint with Derby, he started to feature regularly with the Hammers first-team.On 21 March 2009, he started and played the full 90 minutes alongside Jonathan Spector in a 1–1 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park. Initially desputising for the injured Collins, he managed to stake his claim ahead of the Welsh international, and on 4 April 2009, scored his first senior goal, a header from Mark Noble's corner, in a 2–0 win over Sunderland. The same month, he and several fellow youth products were awarded long-term contract extensions. 2009–10 season
After the departure of <mask> and with Danny Gabbidon injured, <mask> retained his place in the starting eleven at the beginning of the 2009–10 season, losing it to new signing Manuel da Costa for several games. He regained his place, starting alongside captain Matthew Upson. He was named Man of the Match by Sky Sports as he and Upson helped keep the Hammers' first clean sheet of the year in the away draw against Aston Villa on 17 January 2010. 2010–11 season
<mask> made 28 appearances in all competitions in the 2010–11 season scoring once against Manchester City at Upton Park.On 1 January 2011, he made his 50th first-team appearance for West Ham in a 2–0 victory over Wolverhampton Wanderers. 2011–12 season
It was the 2011–12 season that <mask> found his feet in the West Ham United first team, forging a partnership at the back with New Zealand's Winston Reid. He scored the first goal in the 4–0 win against Watford at Vicarage Road and also received WHUFC player of the month for August, the opening month of the season. During the 2011–12 season, he was linked with a £4 million move to both Queens Park Rangers and Newcastle United of the Premier League, but the speculation soon ended about his future when he signed a new four-and-a-half-year deal at West Ham on 21 January running until summer 2016. After signing he also proved his commitment and love for the club by saying "I'm a local boy and have come through the ranks at the club and loyalty is a far bigger currency to me than money". For his outstanding performance in the 2011–12 Championship season he was voted by his fellow professionals into the PFA Championship Team of the Year, along with fellow Hammer Mark Noble. He was also voted runner-up Hammer of the Year by West Ham fans, losing out to Mark Noble.2014–15 season
In 2015, <mask> signed a new, long-term contract which would keep him with West Ham until 2020. Shortly after he dislocated his shoulder in training, an injury which was expected to keep him from playing for several weeks. In March, he received surgery for the same injury. He played 25 games in all competitions for West Ham including three FA Cup games. He scored a single goal, in a 2–1 away win against West Bromwich Albion on 2 December 2014. His shoulder injury kept him out of the side from March 2015, finally returning for the last game of the season, replacing Reece Burke in the 69th minute, a 2–0 away defeat to Newcastle United. 2015–16 season
<mask> opened the 2015–16 season by scoring the third goal in a UEFA Europa League game on 2 July 2015.West Ham won the game against Andorran team Lusitanos 3–0 with him as captain and with the other goals coming from Diafra Sakho. On 16 July 2015, he scored another UEFA Europa League goal in the 1–0 win over Bikirkara in the 90th minute. In the second-leg, in Malta, on 23 July 2015, he was sent-off after pushing Birkirkara's Nikola Vukanac as West Ham went through to the next round, 5–3 on penalties. Crystal Palace
On 5 July 2016, <mask> joined London rivals Crystal Palace on a five-year deal for a fee of £10 million. He had played for West Ham for over 20 years from boyhood right up to 2016, he made 243 appearances for West Ham's senior team. In October 2019, <mask> signed a contract extension keeping him at Crystal Palace until the end of the 2021–22 season. International career

England U21
<mask> has represented England at U15, U16, U17, U19 and U21 levels and played in every match of the 2008 UEFA U-19 Championships along with club mate Freddie Sears.His U21 debut came on 8 June 2009 in the 7–0 home win against the Azerbaijan U21 team. He was called up for the 2009 UEFA U-21 Championships as back up after the withdrawals of first-choice centre backs Steven Taylor and David Wheater through injury. After the tournament, he was recalled to the squad and regularly partnered Michael Mancienne in defence. He was called up for several European Championship qualifiers but withdrew after being ruled out with an injury sustained during training. Great Britain Olympic team
After the success of the 2011–12 Championship season, where <mask> was named in the PFA Championship Team of the Year and was the runner-up for the Hammer of the Year, he was called for the final squad for Great Britain's Olympic football squad for the London Olympics 2012. He played twice for the Great Britain Team. On 20 July 2012 he played the first half in a 2–0 defeat to Brazil in a warm-up game and on 29 July 2012 in a 3–1 victory against UAE.He blamed his inclusion in the Olympic squad and lack of games on a loss of form at the start of the 2012–13 West Ham season. Personal life
<mask> was born in Basildon, Essex. On 23 December 2013 <mask> was charged with the assault of a police officer, resisting arrest and being drunk and disorderly following an incident on 22 December at the Sugar Hut nightclub in Brentwood, Essex. He was bailed until 9 January 2014 to appear at Basildon Magistrates Court. <mask> averted the need for a trial by pleading guilty to assaulting a police constable, being drunk and disorderly in a public place and obstructing a constable. On 29 September 2014, he was fined £7605. Career statistics

Honours
West Ham United
Football League Championship play-offs: 2012

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2011–12 Championship

References

External links

West Ham United Profile at whufc.com
Crystal Palace Profile at cpfc.co.uk

Premier League profile

1989 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Basildon
English footballers
England youth international footballers
England under-21 international footballers
Association football defenders
West Ham United F.C.players
Derby County F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Olympic footballers of Great Britain
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
English people convicted of assault
Sportspeople convicted of crimes

masks:
James Oliver Charles Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
James Collins
Tomkins
James Collins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins
Tomkins


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<mask> known by his pen-name <mask> (; August 21, 1911 – April 29, 1968), was an American author, critic, and editor, who wrote several classic mystery novels, short stories, science fiction, and radio dramas. Between 1942 and 1947 he acted as reviewer of mostly mystery fiction for the San Francisco Chronicle. In addition to "<mask>r", White also employed the pseudonym "H. H. Holmes", which was the pseudonym of a late-19th-century American serial killer; Boucher would also write light verse and sign it "Herman W. Mudgett" (the murderer's real name). In a 1981 poll of 17 detective story writers and reviewers, his novel Nine Times Nine was voted as the ninth best locked room mystery of all time. Background
White was born in Oakland, California, and went to college at the University of Southern California. He later received a master's degree from the University of California, Berkeley. After a friend told him that "William White" was too common a name, he used "H. H. Holmes" to write and review mysteries and "<mask>ucher" for science fiction.He pronounced Boucher phonetically, "to rhyme with voucher". Fiction writing and editing
Boucher (as he was more commonly known) wrote mystery, science fiction, and horror. He was also an editor, including science fiction anthologies, and wrote mystery reviews for many years in The New York Times. He was one of the first English translators of Jorge Luis Borges, translating "The Garden of Forking Paths" for Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine. He helped found the Mystery Writers of America in 1946 and, in the same year, was one of the first winners of the MWA's Edgar Award for his mystery reviews in the San Francisco Chronicle. He was a founding editor (with J. Francis McComas) of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction from 1949 to 1958, and attempted to make literary quality an important aspect of science fiction. He won the Hugo Award for Best Professional Magazine in 1957 and 1958.Boucher also edited the long-running Best from Fantasy and Science Fiction anthology series, from 1952 to 1959. Among Boucher's critical writing was also contributing annual summaries of the state of speculative fiction for Judith Merril's The Year's Best SF series; as editor, he published the volumes in E. P. Dutton's The Best Detective Stories of the Year annual volumes published in 1963–1968, succeeding Brett Halliday and followed, after his death, by Allen J. Hubin in that task. Boucher's first short story saw print when he was fifteen years old in the January 1927 issue of Weird Tales. Titled "Ye Goode Olde Ghoste Storie," it was the only story to appear under his real name, William A. P. White. Boucher went on to write short stories for many pulp fiction magazines in America, including Adventure, Astounding, Black Mask, Ed McBain's Mystery Book, Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, Galaxy Science Fiction, The Master Detective, Unknown Worlds and Weird Tales. His short story "The Quest for Saint Aquin" was among the stories selected in 1970 by the Science Fiction Writers of America as one of the best science fiction short stories of all time. As such, it was published in The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume One, 1929–1964.Boucher was the friend and mentor of science-fiction writer Philip K. Dick and others. His 1942 novel Rocket to the Morgue, in addition to being a classic locked room mystery, is also something of a roman à clef about the Southern California science fiction culture of the time, featuring thinly veiled versions of personalities such as Robert A. Heinlein, L. Ron Hubbard and rocket scientist/occultist/fan Jack Parsons. Radio
Boucher also scripted for radio and was involved in many other activities, as described by William F. Nolan in his essay "Who Was <mask>? ":

With respect to his scripting of the Sherlock Holmes radio dramas, Nigel Bruce, who played Dr. Watson, said that Boucher "had a sound knowledge of Conan Doyle and a great affection for the two characters of Holmes and Watson." Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction years
Boucher left dramatic radio in 1948, "mainly because I was putting in a lot of hours working with J. Francis McComas in creating what soon became The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. We got it off the ground in 1949 and saw it take hold solidly by 1950. This was a major creative challenge and although I was involved in a lot of other projects, I stayed with F&SF into 1958."Throughout his years with the magazine, Boucher was involved in many other projects. He wrote fiction for the SF and mystery markets (primarily short stories). He taught an informal writing class from his home in Berkeley. He continued his Sunday mystery columns for the New York Times Book Review, while also writing crime-fiction reviews for The New York Herald Tribune as Holmes (he also reviewed SF and fantasy (as H. H. Holmes) for the Herald Tribune) and functioning as chief critic for Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine. He edited True Crime Detective, supervised the Mercury Mystery Line and (later) the Dell Great Mystery Library; hosted Golden Voices, his series of historical opera recordings for Pacifica Radio, and served (in 1951) as president of Mystery Writers of America. As part of his reviews of mystery novels, he published a list of Best Crime Fiction of the Year from 1949 to 1967, listing from 12 to 15 titles each year. He published his list as <mask>r.Boucher was a devoted poker player, a political activist, a rabid sport fan (football, basketball, track, gymnastics and rugby), an active Sherlockian in The Baker Street Irregulars and a spirited chef. He ws also an expert collector of recordings of early operatic singers. <ref>

Television
In 1964-1965 Boucher worked as a story consultant for the Kraft Suspense Theatre. <mask> died of lung cancer on April 29, 1968, at the Kaiser Foundation Hospital in Oakland. <mask>
<mask>, the "<mask>r Memorial World Mystery Convention", was named in his honor, as are their annual Anthony Awards. Descriptions of those conventions from the first, in 1970, until that in 2004, appear in Marvin Lachman's The Heirs of Anthony Boucher. Multiplying Villainies: Selected Mystery Criticism 1942-1968, edited by Francis M. Nevins and Robert Briney (1983) (reviews from the New York Times)

Other
 The Lost Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: based on the original radio plays by Dennis Green and <mask>, Written by Ken Greenwald (1989)
 The Forgotten Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: Based on the Original Radio Plays by <mask> and Denis Green, by H. Paul Jeffers (2005)

References

Sources
 New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors
 Clute and Nicholls, 1993, The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, St. Martins.Marvin Lachman, The Heirs of <mask>r: A History of Mystery Fandom, intro. Edward D. Hoch, Poisoned Pen Press, 2005. Jeffrey Marks, <mask>r: A Biobibliography, McFarland and Company, 2008. External links

 A. Boucher page

 On <mask>, David Langford
 Photo
 Review, The Compleat Boucher
 Downloadable episodes of the radio program The Casebook of Gregory Hood in the public domain
 Downloadable episodes of the radio program Sherlock Holmes (starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce) in the public domain
 Anthopology 101: Boucher's  A Treasury of Great Science Fiction, by Bud Webster at Galactic Central

American mystery writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
American science fiction writers
American magazine founders
American magazine editors
American radio writers
American speculative fiction critics
American speculative fiction editors
Edgar Award winners
Deaths from lung cancer
Science fiction editors
1911 births
1968 deaths
Science fiction critics
University of Southern California alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Deaths from cancer in California
The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
Writers from Oakland, California
American male novelists
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers

masks:
William Anthony Parker White
Anthony Boucher
Anthony Bouche
Anthony Bo
Anthony Boucher
Anthony Bouche
Death Boucher
Bouchercon
Bouchercon
Anthony Bouche
Anthony Boucher
Anthony Boucher
Anthony Bouche
Anthony Bouche
Anthony Boucher


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Generalmajor (Major General) <mask> (10 August 1891 – 30 December 1964) Military Order of St. Henry, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Knight's Cross of the Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order, began his military career in World War I as a German ace fighter pilot. He was credited with 32 victories. During World War II he was involved in the German takeover of Czechoslovakia and rose to become a Luftwaffe Generalmajor. Early life
<mask> was born in Waldshut, in the Baden region of Germany near the Swiss border. He studied engineering in Stuttgart. In late 1911, he joined the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 14 in the Prussian Army.In the reserves when World War I began, he was mobilized in July 1914. He served in France with Regiment Nr. 14 and was promoted to Vizefeldwebel (non-commissioned officer). He was transferred to Infantry Regiment Nr. 250, which went into combat in Russia. <mask> earned the Second Class Iron Cross in February 1915. By April 1915, he was with the 113th Infantry Regiment.On 1 June 1915, he transferred to aviation service. World War I aerial service
Frommherz began as a two-seater pilot with the Luftstreitkräfte's Kampfstaffel (Tactical Bomber Squadron) 20 of Kagohl IV, at the Battle of Verdun and over the Somme River. He was commissioned as a Leutnant on 1 August 1916. Kasta 20 then moved to serve in Romania in December 1916, before being posted onward to Macedonia and Thessaloniki, Greece. On 3 March 1917, Frommherz was assigned to Jagdstaffel 2; this elite squadron had been led by aviation tactical and strategic pioneer Oswald Boelcke and had been named for him after he was killed in action. Flying a light blue Albatros D.III nicknamed "Blaue Maus", Frommherz scored his first victory on 11 April 1917 – a No 23 Squadron RFC SPAD VII – and a Royal Aircraft Factory BE 2e as his second on the 14th. Both times, he forced the plane to land and the English pilot or crew were taken prisoner.<mask> was injured in a crash on 1 May 1917. By October, when he had recovered, he was seconded to instructor duty with FEA 3. In December, he received Lübeck's Hanseatic Cross. Upon <mask>'s return on 1 March 1918 to Jasta 2 to fly a Fokker Dr.I Triplane on 1 March 1918, he began a string of 30 victories that ran from 3 June 1918 until the war's end. He had two victories in June, six each in July and August, ten in September, four in October, and two on 4 November. Notable among his kills were the half dozen against the formidable Bristol F.2 Fighters. In the midst of his victory string, on 29 July 1918, he succeeded <mask> as commanding officer of Jagdstaffel 27.Leutnant <mask> had a good reputation as a commanding officer. Ernst de Ridder, when newly assigned to the Jasta, claimed he was allowed to retrain himself from the Fokker Dr.1 to the Fokker D.VII, then nurse-maided into combat with an experienced pilot to watch over him. As de Ridder stated, "He was so concerned about his boys." When de Ridder was wounded, Frommherz brought de Ridder's newly awarded Iron Cross to the hospital. De Ridder left a description of Frommherz's Fokker D.VII insignia. It consisted of the yellow nose and tail common to his Jasta, along with red and black chevrons of a Staffelführer (squadron leader) painted on top of the upper wing. Frommherz's blooming career now garnered him the Knight's Cross with Swords of the House Order of Hohenzollern on 30 September 1918, when his victory total stood at 26.The following month, he received the Knight's Cross of the Grand Duchy of Baden's Karl Friedrich Military Merit Order. At some point, he had also been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Saint Henry from the Kingdom of Saxony. Frommherz was also nominated for the Pour le Merite, having scored the required 20 victories; however, the award was still unapproved upon the Kaiser's abdication. Despite this non-award, Frommherz was seen wearing the decoration after the war; he had certainly fulfilled the criteria for it. After World War I

Postwar, Frommherz was active in the German Police Aviation Service. He also flew mail for Deutsche Luftreederei, a predecessor to Deutsche Luft Hansa. In 1920, he returned to Baden as technical chief at the new airfield at Lorach.Beginning in 1922, the German high command ran a secret training site at Lipetsk in the Soviet Union. Frommherz became an instructor there in 1925. He was also an instructor in China. From 1931 to 1932, he taught the pilots of Chiang Kai-shek's new air force fighter tactics. Frommherz returned to Germany to join the nascent Luftwaffe. He was Commanding Officer of I Gruppe, Jagdgeschwader 134 ("Horst Wessel") from September 1938 until 1 November 1938 as Oberstleutnant; when it was reconstituted as JG 142, he continued in command until the first day of 1939. As such, he was involved in the German invasion and conquest of Czechoslovakia, which had the code name Fall Grün (Case Green).As a Major General, he was Commander of Jagdfliegerführer Deutsche Bucht from 1 April until 30 September 1942, following Werner Junck. Post World War II
<mask> returned to civic affairs in his native town of Waldshut. He died of a heart attack on 30 December 1964. Inline citations

See also
 Jagdfliegerführer Deutsche Bucht  Accessed 6 November 2008. References
 Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank W.; Guest, Russell. Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918. Grub Street, 1993. , .Franks, Norman. Albatros Aces of World War 1. Osprey Publishing, 2000. , . Franks, Norman; VanWyngarden, Greg. Fokker D VII Aces of World War 1. Osprey Publishing, 2003. , . VanWyngarden, Greg; Dempsey, Harry.Jagdstaffel 2 Boelcke: Von Richthofen's Mentor. Osprey Publishing, 2007. , . 1891 births
1964 deaths
People from Waldshut-Tiengen
German World War I flying aces
Luftwaffe World War II generals
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Lübeck)
Luftstreitkräfte personnel
People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
Major generals of the Luftwaffe

masks:
Hermann Frommherz
Hermann Frommherz
Frommherz
Frommherz
Frommherz
Hermann Göring
Frommherz
Hermann Frommherz


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<mask> is a Canadian-American voice actress. She is best known for her work in video game franchises such as Baldur's Gate, Mass Effect, Metal Gear Solid, BioShock Infinite, Metroid Prime, Overwatch, and Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic. In 2013, she was recognized by Guinness World Records as the most prolific video game voice actress. <mask> is featured in animation such as The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest, The Powerpuff Girls, Codename: Kids Next Door, The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Brandy & Mr. Whiskers, Totally Spies!, Avatar: The Last Airbender and its continuation The Legend of Korra, Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego? She also voices Cinderella and Princess Aurora in various Disney Princess media of the 2000s and 2010s. Early life
<mask> was born in Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Her mother was what she called "a wandering master's degree pursuer" and her stepfather was a microbiologist.She later told Tom Bissell of The New Yorker that her biological father, James Learning, was an outdoorsman who was also a prominent NunatuKavut  elder and environmental activist. She would later call for support to free her father, who had advanced cancer, after he was imprisoned for refusing to sign an injunction to stay away from Muskrat Falls in 2017. <mask> has a paternal half-sister, Carren Dujela, who works at the University of Victoria. She moved to the U.S. as a child and grew up in Alabama, mainly in Birmingham and Montgomery. When <mask> was a teenager, she got a voice-over spot at a local radio station, being paid $35 just to talk. In 1982, she graduated from Alabama School of Fine Arts, where she was in the theater department and was interested in being in a rock band. She stated, "I started doing voice-over to pay for life and a PA system and everything else, and ended up that just sort of took over, acting took over."While in high school, she did more voice-over work for commercials, and also worked as a production assistant at age 17. She attended Birmingham–Southern College, where she found the program's style was broader than what she wanted to do, and realized that she was more interested in film acting than theater acting. She graduated with a business degree. She began working as an actress and continued doing voice-overs, commuting frequently between Birmingham and Atlanta, Georgia. Career

<mask>'s first big break in acting was in 1988 for the made-for-television movie A Father's Homecoming, which was an NBC movie of the week. She was also selected among a group of about six thousand girls in a nationwide search to be in several episodes of the Santa Barbara soap opera television series. After doing more regional work, she eventually moved to Los Angeles, where she took on sporadic guest roles typical for young actresses on shows such as Melrose Place, ER, and Charmed.Her first major voice-over role in cartoons was the main character Ivy in Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego? which was based on the computer game series. As it was her first cartoon, she sought extra classes and training. The show spanned multiple seasons until its final broadcast in 1999. <mask> enjoyed the project and noted that it was one of the first network TV cartoons that met the educational requirements. <mask>'s next animation project was Skeleton Warriors where "there were ten cast members, [two] of whom were girls, and we blew stuff up and cartoon maimed each other every week." The development of a tie-in video game for Carmen Sandiego gave <mask> the opportunity to do her first ever voice-over for a video game.She describes her time with the game as a "really confusing experience" as it required a lot more lines and time than the show did. Her next major video game was with BioWare on their Baldur's Gate series on various roles, which would eventually lead to large roles in Mass Effect and other titles. She has been involved in many other cartoons. In 1994, she was cast as Felicia Hardy/Black Cat in Spider-Man, the first in a long line of Marvel Comics characters she has voiced. She plays Cinderella and Princess Aurora in various Disney projects. In 2003, <mask> voiced Mrs. Little in the short-lived Stuart Little TV series. <mask> has provided the voice of lead character Sam and rival character Mandy in the French- and Canadian-produced animated television series Totally Spies!.In a 2004 interview, she said "I'm so happy that David (Michel, creator and producer), Jamie (Simone, voice director) and everyone gave me the opportunity to be part of the show, it's been one of my absolute favorite experiences." She describes Sam as "smart and adventurous, but now you see more of her wacky side and her girly side as well," and Mandy as a "total snot, which is fun too." She voiced the two characters as well as others for the show's six seasons and its feature movie. <mask> voiced Bastila Shan in Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic and returned for a brief appearance in the sequel Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II – The Sith Lords. She later voiced the female version of Jaden Korr in Star Wars: Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy. In the BioWare MMOPRG Star Wars: The Old Republic, <mask> voiced the Republic Trooper Female as well as the recurring NPC Jedi Grand Master Satele Shan. <mask> interpreted the voices of Fall-From-Grace and Deionarra in the role-playing computer game Planescape: Torment.She is also known as the "voice" of Samus Aran in all three games in the Metroid Prime trilogy, providing grunts and screams as the player moves and takes damage. <mask> is also known for playing several voices in the Metal Gear Solid series (Naomi Hunter in Metal Gear Solid and Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, and Emma Emmerich in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty). <mask> was also the voice of Jean Grey in Wolverine and the X-Men and Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds as well as a small role in Swat Kats. She also voiced British mercenary <mask> in Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction and Mercenaries 2: World in Flames. In 2011, she was the voice of Ms. Marvel (Carol Danvers) on Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes. She provided the voice of Leah in Diablo III, and appeared as Rosalind Lutece in BioShock Infinite. <mask> also played the role of Krem, a trans man character in BioWare's Dragon Age: Inquisition.<mask> was selected to voice Commander Shepard, the main player character in the Mass Effect series. She had said that she is very invested in helping to "create" the stories of video games, though she herself is not a gamer. Although <mask> does object to certain lines if they seem out-of-character in other works, she prefers not to mess with the words for Shepard and BioWare. Although reports showed that only 18% of players chose to play as a female Shepard in Mass Effect 2, vocal support for her character was high, leading to the fan-driven nickname "FemShep" and an e-mail campaign to put her character on the cover of Mass Effect 3. She was nominated for "Best Performance by a Human Female" at the 2010 Spike Video Game Awards,  in 2012, she was nominated again for Mass Effect 3. Influences and reception

In an interview with The Geek Forge regarding her influences, <mask> cited voice actors such as Dee Bradley Baker, Grey DeLisle, Phil LaMarr, Tress MacNeille, Kath Soucie, Frank Welker, and April Winchell, with emphasis on LaMarr. She also admires the work of actors Judi Dench, Edward James Olmos, and Mary McDonnell.<mask>'s peers and critics have noted her versatility in her roles: Michael Abbott, a professor at Wabash College who blogs about video games, said that she has made herself "untraceable" despite having voiced dozens of roles. Journalist Tom Bissell noted that she has been referred as "a kind of Meryl Streep of the form". In an interview, she said, "I love the anonymity. I could walk through Comic Con, and no matter how many people who might be a fan of what I do, we're in proximity and no one knew. I'm invisible. If I'd have done as many on-camera roles as I've done voiceover, I couldn't go to the grocery store in peace." She stated in the same interview, "As cheesy as it sounds, the player is the star of the game.That's the beauty of games—that it's you that inhabits it. It's not about someone else, it's about that you get to be that person, and if I do my job right, I as a person disappear. Your experience is primary." Personal life
<mask> lives in the Los Angeles area. She has a son. She has several pets and enjoys the outdoors, stating that she might have become an architect because she likes to redo houses. She has said that she was not allowed to watch cartoons as a child, and had not played any video games until her 2011 interview with Tom Bissell for The New Yorker, in which she played Mass Effect for the first time.She likes horses and has mentioned being part of the local evacuation response team that rescues horses from advancing wildfires. Filmography

Notes

References

Book references

External links

 <mask> at Behind The Voice Actors

  – Video interview

Living people
American film actresses
American television actresses
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
American people of Inuit descent
Actresses from Birmingham, Alabama
Actresses from Atlanta
Actresses from Newfoundland and Labrador
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actresses from California
People from Happy Valley-Goose Bay
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Canadian film actresses
Canadian expatriate actresses in the United States
Canadian people of Inuit descent
Canadian television actresses
Canadian video game actresses
Canadian voice actresses
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Jennifer Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Jennifer Mui
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Jennifer Hale


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The Faeq al-Mir arrest controversy refers to the arrest, imprisonment, and calls for release of <mask>-Mir, leader of the Syrian People’s Democratic Party, after he telephoned Elias Atallah, a Lebanese politician critical of Syrian policies there. In the call, taped by Syrian Intelligence forces, al-Mir gave condolences to Atallah regarding the assassination of Pierre Gemayel, Lebanon's Minister of Industry. Al-Mir was detained by Syrian security forces at his home in Latakia on December 13, 2006, and charged in March 2007 with "undertaking acts that weaken national sentiment during times of conflict" and "communicating with a foreign country to incite it to initiate aggression against Syria or to provide it with the means to do so." On December 31, 2007, Damascus's First Criminal Court ruled him guilty of "circulating false or exaggerated news which would weaken the morale of the nation" and sentenced him to three years in prison, though the duration was immediately reduced to 18 months. Human rights groups, including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, criticized the arrest and demanded al-Mir's unconditional release. Background
Having worked together for communist organizations in the mid-1980s, <mask> and Elias Atallah boasted a close relationship at the time of the arrest. Al-Mir, a human rights activist, led the left-wing People’s Democratic Party, an unauthorized party critical of the Syrian government.Atallah was the leader and sole parliamentarian of the Democratic Left Movement, a leftist Lebanese party. He was also a senior figure in the March 14 Alliance, a Lebanese parliamentary coalition critical of Syrian policies. The two conversed over the phone several times prior to the arrest. They often lamented the assassinations of anti-Syrian Lebanese figures like Samir Kassir. Al-Mir, who was released from a previous ten-year prison sentence related to political activism in 1999, visited Lebanon in 2006 to mourn the killing of George Hawi, a former leader of the Lebanese Communist Party. According to Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, this contributed to al-Mir's arrest at the end of the year. While the Syrian constitution liberally grants free speech, a state of emergency in effect since the Baath Party seized power suspends this freedom.Syria has stringently approached dissidents who question its policies in neighboring Lebanon; Syrian authorities detained and imprisoned ten activists who signed the Beirut-Damascus Declaration petition in May 2006. The petition, of which al-Mir was a signatory, advocated the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon and the normalization of relations between the two countries. The call
In a December 2006 phone call, al-Mir bestowed his condolences to Atallah regarding the November 21 assassination of Pierre Gemayel, Lebanon's Minister of Industry and an anti-Syrian politician. The call was taped by Syrian intelligence forces, known as the Mukhabarat. Arrest and Trial
On December 13, 2006, Syrian security forces arrested al-Mir at his home in Latakia on Syria's western coast, and he has remained in detention since. In March 2007, Syrian authorities charged al-Mir with "undertaking acts that weaken national sentiment" during times of conflict and "communicating with a foreign country to incite it to initiate aggression against Syria or to provide it with the means to do so." The second charge bears a life sentence and could entail the death penalty if the foreign nation initiates aggression against Syria.Al-Mir's trial began before the Damascus First Criminal Court on August 29, 2007. His indictment stated he "contacted enemies of the state in Lebanon including members of the March 14 group, and he knows that the ideas and direction of this group are in accordance with the American and Zionist direction which are against the national approach of the Syrian government." It accused al-Mir of conveying "support for the approach and direction of March 14" during the phone call. Al-Mir denied this, stating that he called Atallah only as head of the Democratic Left Movement. On November 8, the court adjourned his trial, postponing the verdict until November 28 as a result of the defense filing a petition to dismiss the judge in session. On December 31, 2007, the Damascus First Criminal Court ruled al-Mir guilty of "circulating false or exaggerated news which would weaken the morale of the nation". In accordance with an amnesty provision, the court dropped the charge of “circulating knowingly false or exaggerated news abroad, which would harm the State or its financial standing".He was sentenced to three years in prison, though the duration was immediately commuted to one and a half years. The court elected to consider al-Mir's detention before the trial as part of his prison term. Aftermath

Deeming the charges against him "politically motivated", Human Rights Watch called for al-Mir's immediate release. The organization included his arrest in the Syrian section of its 2008 World Report, a human rights assessment. Amnesty International judged al-Mir a "prisoner of conscience" and called for "his immediate and unconditional release." Atallah — speaking to NOW Lebanon, a Lebanese newspaper — praised al-Mir's human-rights activism and commented "arresting someone for a phone call is unheard of... every free and democratic Lebanese citizen is in solidarity with [Mir] and his comrades, and they demand that he is set free along with all the political prisoners in Syria.”

According to NOW Lebanon, al-Mir's indictment implied that "any support for March 14 – the ruling parliamentary majority in Lebanon – is tantamount to treason," a precedent that was "portentous for the future of Lebanese-Syrian relations or for the revitalization of democracy inside of Syria." In a letter smuggled out of Adra Prison and published by a Lebanese newspaper, al-Mir and five other imprisoned activists denounced the "repressive climate" in their country and wrote "Our situation as prisoners of conscience is part ... of the crisis of public freedoms and human rights in Syria, which started with the state of emergency imposed 44 years ago."Al-Mir was released from prison on July 13, 2008 after spending a year and a half in prison. During the Syrian Uprising
<mask> al-Mir became actively involved in the Syrian uprising (2011–present) right from the beginning. As a result, he went into hiding in Ghouta near Damascus to avoid arrest by the security agencies of the Syrian government. However, on Monday October 7, 2013, he was arrested during a visit to the city of Damascus. <mask> al-Mir is known among supporters of the Syrian opposition with the title "al-e'mem" (Levantine Arabic: العميم, meaning "the uncle") in recognition for his lifelong political activism against the dictatorship of Al-Assad family in Syria. See also
National Progressive Front
Politics of Syria

References

Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Syria
Human rights abuses
Emergency laws
Political repression in Syria
Politics of Syria
Syrian prisoners and detainees

masks:
Faeq al
Faeq al Mir
Faeq
Faeq


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Joseph Michael Laurinaitis (September 12, 1960 – September 22, 2020), better known by his ring name <mask> (or simply <mask>), was an American professional wrestler. Along with <mask>, he was one half of the tag team The Road Warriors/The Legion of Doom. He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF and WCW, competing for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship at 2001's Sin. <mask> was inducted with Hawk and their manager Paul Ellering into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2011. Early life
Laurinaitis was born in Philadelphia on September 12, 1960 to Lithuanian parents. He grew up in Minnesota, having to work for a living from a very early age. He attended Irondale High School.Because of his size and love of power lifting, Laurinaitis was an imposing figure and thus a very effective bouncer. He worked as a bouncer at Grandma B's in the Twin Cities where he caught the eye of Eddie Sharkey, a well-known wrestling trainer. Sharkey thought that Laurinaitis and Mike Hegstrand, Richard Rood, and Barry Darsow could make it big in professional wrestling, and trained all four of them. Professional wrestling career

Early career (1982–1983)
Laurinaitis made his debut in November 1982, competing as The Road Warrior using a biker gimmick. After only a few matches as a singles competitor, his career and life would change thanks to an idea by Paul Ellering. American and Japanese territories (1983–1986)

When Paul Ellering was looking to put together a stable of heels in Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW) called "The Legion of Doom", it was decided to put Laurinaitis together with his good friend Mike Hegstrand and change their names to "<mask>" and "Hawk" respectively. Thus, the Road Warriors were born.They first started out as biker gimmicks; on The Road Warriors DVD, <mask> said he felt like one of the Village People. To look more intimidating, the two shaved their heads into Mohawks and started wearing studded dog collars, spiked shoulder pads, and face paint. The look and name were taken from The Road Warrior, helping to paint the two as no-mercy monsters. Their interview style was vicious, yet charismatic and a bit humorous. The team was an instant hit, revolutionizing the tag-team scene with their power moves, no mercy attitudes, and innovative face paint that would spawn many future imitators in wrestling. In Georgia, they won the NWA National Tag Team Championship four times before moving on to bigger promotions, such as the American Wrestling Association in the US and All Japan Pro Wrestling, winning more tag team titles. Jim Crockett Promotions (1986–1990)
Their hard hitting style, no nonsense attitude, and winning ways made the Road Warriors fan favorites.Even when they were booked as heels, the fans refused to boo them. They started to split their time between the AWA and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) until finally leaving the AWA for big money contracts with the NWA and a huge push for the monster duo. The move paid off instantly as they won the inaugural Jim Crockett Sr. Memorial Cup Tag Team Tournament and feuded with the top stars of the NWA such as The Four Horsemen and The Russian Team (which included the Road Warriors' old training buddy Barry Darsow). During their initial run in the NWA, they helped popularize the WarGames match, the Scaffold match, and their trademark Chicago Street Fight. In 1988, the Road Warriors engaged in a violent feud with The Powers of Pain (The Barbarian and The Warlord) the first team that could truly match the Road Warriors in power (and who were one of the most well known Road Warrior clones). The Powers of Pain even went so far as to injure <mask>'s eye (kayfabe) during a weightlifting competition. When <mask> returned, he initially wore a hockey goalie mask to protect his eye.The angle abruptly ended when the Powers of Pain left the NWA after finding out they were booked against the Road Warriors in a series of Scaffold Matches and they did not want to get hurt by falling off the scaffold. Near the end of 1988, the Road Warriors captured the NWA World Tag Team Championship from The Midnight Express whom they mauled in short order to win the titles. After being the "Uncrowned champions" for a long time the Road Warriors' run with the tag team titles was short-lived. Teddy Long used a fast count to cheat the Road Warriors out of their titles. In their last year with the NWA, the Warriors feuded mainly with The Varsity Club, The Samoan Swat Team, and The Skyscrapers before leaving the NWA in the summer of 1990, due to conflicts with Jim Herd. World Wrestling Federation (1990–1992)
The Road Warriors immediately signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1990 and were pushed into a feud with the most famous of all "Road Warrior Clones", Demolition, a group which included their old training partner Barry Darsow. Due to the ailing health of one of Demolition (Ax) he was replaced by Crush but the magic of the original Demolition was gone and the feud did not live up to the high hopes of the fans.Just over a year after signing with the WWF, the Legion of Doom won the WWF Tag Team Championship and held it for about eight months. When they lost the titles, they briefly left the WWF, only to return with longtime manager Paul Ellering by their side, as well as a wooden ventriloquist dummy called "Rocco". Both members of the L.O.D. thought the Rocco gimmick was stupid, and it led to Hegstrand walking out of the WWF immediately following SummerSlam 1992, leaving Laurinaitis on his own for the first time in nine years. <mask> went ahead and finished his contractual obligations with the WWF, as a singles wrestler and occasionally teaming with former rival Crush, formerly of Demolition. During a handicap match in Japan against the Beverly Brothers in September 1992, Laurinaitis legitimately injured his back from a botched double suplex and had to take a lengthy hiatus. His last match was a victory over Papa Shango in San Francisco, California on October 16.After this his back was too injured to allow him to wrestle. World Championship Wrestling (1993, 1996)
Laurinaitis made some non-wrestling appearances in WCW in 1993. On August 18, at the Clash of the Champions XXIV, <mask> made his appearance, getting out of a black Camaro Z28 indicating his partner Hawk was Dustin Rhodes' mystery partner against Rick Rude and The Equalizer. On September 19, at Fall Brawl, <mask> was the advisor for Sting's team, consisting of Sting, Davey Boy Smith, Dustin Rhodes, and The Shockmaster for WarGames, defeating Big Van Vader, Sid Vicious, and Harlem Heat. For the next couple of years, Laurinaitis stayed out of the wrestling ring, collecting on an insurance policy from Lloyd's of London while Hegstrand competed all over the world. Near the end of 1995, Laurinaitis' back had finally recovered enough for him to return to active competition. Three years after everyone thought the Road Warriors had ended, they reunited and signed a contract with World Championship Wrestling.On January 4, 1996, <mask> seconded Hawk in his match against Scott Norton in New Japan Pro-Wrestling's annual Tokyo Dome show. Upon their return in January 1996, they immediately started a feud with the Steiner Brothers, who returned in March, and Harlem Heat, before moving on to challenge the WCW Tag Team Champions Sting and Lex Luger. The Road Warriors had several shots at the champions but never won the title in the six months they were with the company. The Steiner Brothers also arrived shortly after the Warriors did, and feuded with them to try to prove who the best team of all time was. The Steiners got the better of the feud and the Warriors left WCW in June 1996. Return to WWF (1997–1999)
After leaving WCW they returned to the WWF where the Legion of Doom took part in the Stone Cold Steve Austin vs. the Hart Foundation feud, siding with Austin against the Harts. The Legion of Doom also became two-time tag team champions on October 7, 1997, when they defeated The Godwinns.In November 1997, the Legion of Doom faced the newly formed New Age Outlaws (<mask> Dogg and Billy Gunn) and lost the titles to the upstart team. After several unsuccessful challenges the L.O.D. were repackaged as "Legion of Doom 2000" with manager Sunny, although she did not stay with the team for long. At the same time, Paul Ellering returned, but sided with D.O.A., whom L.O.D. were feuding with at the time; Ellering and <mask> explained on the Road Warriors DVD that it was hard for Ellering to work with another team against the Road Warriors and difficult to rip on his former team on promos. In 1998, the Legion of Doom became involved in their most controversial angle; playing off Hegstrand's real life drug and alcohol problems. Hawk started to show up drunk or "unable to perform" on TV.As Hawk proved more and more erratic and unreliable, a third L.O.D. member, Puke, was introduced to team with <mask> while Hawk dealt with his personal issues. The storyline ended with accusations that Puke had been the "enabler" of Hawk's problems, exploiting them to take Hawk's place in the team. During the controversial segment, Hawk was shown to have fallen off the Titan Tron. Neither Hegstrand nor Laurinaitis approved of the WWF exploiting Hegstrand's personal problems, which caused them to subsequently leave the WWF. While the Road Warriors never officially

masks:
Road Warrior Animal
Animal
Road Warrior Hawk
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Road
Animal
Animal


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 broke up, <mask> started making an increasing number of solo appearances after they left the WWF as Hegstrand struggled with drug and alcohol addiction. Return to Japan, Australia and independent circuit (1999–2000)
After his release from WWF, the Road Warriors wrestled at the AJPW Giant Baba Memorial Show defeating Jun Akiyama and Kenta Kobashi in Tokyo, Japan on May 2, 1999.In 2000, the Road Warriors worked for i-Generation Superstars of Wrestling in Australia feuding with The Public Enemy over the i-Generation Tag Titles. They also worked in the independent circuit. Later that year, <mask> wrestled for Battlearts in Japan as Animal <mask> teaming with Alexander Otsuka. Return to WCW (2001)
In January 2001 <mask> returned with a prominent position in WCW as the "enforcer" of the stable known as The Magnificent Seven with the objective to protect WCW World Champion Scott Steiner. He appeared on the main event of Sin for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against champion Scott Steiner, Jeff Jarrett and Sid Vicious in a four corners match. Steiner retained the title. The Magnificent Seven split up shortly before Vince McMahon purchased WCW in March 2001; <mask>'s contract was not one of the contracts the WWF picked up.Later career (2001–2008)
After WCW folded; <mask> reunited with Hawk at Jersey Championship Wrestling defeating the Moondogs 2000 in Lodi, New Jersey on September 8, 2001. The Road Warriors mainly continued working in the independent circuit. In 2002, <mask> once again returned to All Japan Pro Wrestling as <mask> teaming with Keiji Muto. In 2003, The Road Warriors last stint was for Fighting of World Japan Pro Wrestling feuding with the Shane Twins. Hawk would die on October 19, 2003. After Hawk's death, <mask> returned to the ring nearly a year later focusing on his singles career. On May 11, 2008, <mask> teamed with <mask> to defeat Damián 666 and El Terrible to win the UWA Tag titles for Toryumon Mexico Dragonmania III in Mexico City, Mexico.<mask> would then retire from wrestling. Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2002–2003, 2007, 2016)
The Road Warriors appeared in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in late 2002 to early 2003 as part of a group that opposed Vince Russo's faction Sports Entertainment Xtreme, but would only wrestle one actual match for the promotion. On June 17, 2007, <mask> Warrior <mask> returned to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling on the pay-per-view, Slammiversary, with Rick Steiner; he replaced Scott Steiner, who was out with an injury. They ended up losing to Team 3D. On December 15, 2016, <mask> returned to TNA for a guest appearance on the Impact Wrestling special, "Total Nonstop Deletion". Second return to WWE (2003, 2005–2006, 2011–2012)
<mask> and Hawk made a surprise appearance on Raw on May 12, 2003 when they took on Kane and Rob Van Dam for the World Tag Team Championship. This would be the last time the two would pair together as Hawk died a few months later in October.<mask> made a return to WWE on the July 14 episode of SmackDown! in 2005, where he was challenged by the then-WWE Tag Team Champions MNM to a title match at The Great American Bash. Finding a new tag team partner in Heidenreich, <mask> went on to defeat MNM for the titles, dedicating the win to Hawk by saying, "Hawk, this one was for you, brother!" The two would team up for a few months in a new chapter of the Legion of Doom, with Heidenreich adopting the L.O.D. 's shoulder pads, face paint, and mohawk haircut. However, this came to an end with Heidenreich's release from WWE on January 17, 2006. On the March 3, 2006, episode of SmackDown!, <mask> teamed up with Matt Hardy to face MNM.After he and Hardy lost the match, <mask> turned heel for the second time in his career by attacking and injuring Hardy's knee. <mask> reasoned that he had realized that Hardy and Heidenreich were screw-ups and that <mask> Warrior Hawk was the only tag team legend and partner for him. After the heel turn, <mask>, once again known simply as "<mask> Warrior", would drop many aspects of the well-known <mask> Warrior gimmick, losing the face paint, and shoulder pads. <mask>'s look at this time was similar to his old Road Warrior gimmick in the early 1980s he had prior to teaming up with Hawk. On the March 17 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> lost to Hardy in a Money in the Bank qualifying match. <mask> was defeated by United States Champion Chris Benoit on the March 31 episode of SmackDown!. In his final WWE match, <mask> defeated Paul Burchill on the May 6, 2006, episode of Velocity.On June 26, 2006, <mask> was released from his WWE contract. WWE announced on March 28, 2011, on Raw that the Road Warriors would be inducted into the 2011 Hall of Fame. <mask> also spoke openly about his future induction on Right After Wrestling just minutes after the announcement on WWE Raw. <mask> told hosts, Arda Ocal and Jim Korderas that the WWE was going to create a physical Hall of Fame in Tampa and he was going to donate his trademarked 'spiked-shoulder pads' to that Hall. On the July 20, 2012, episode of SmackDown on Syfy, <mask> returned to face Heath Slater in honor of [[WWE Raw 1000|''Raws 1,000th episode]]. He went on to squash Slater. He then reappeared on the actual 1,000th episode on July 23 with other WWE Legends to help Lita take down Slater, in what would be <mask>'s final WWE appearance and the last match that he wrestled.All In (2018)
On September 1, 2018, <mask> made a surprise appearance at All In to open the event. SWE FURY (2020)
On the June 12, 2020 episode of SWE Fury, a Plano, TX based nationally televised wrestling promotion, Teddy Long was named the new SWE General Manager alongside Road Warrior Animal, who served as his enforcer. Other media
Television

Writing
Laurinaitis released an autobiography with William Andrew Wright titled The Road Warriors: Danger, Death, and the Rush of Wrestling on March 1, 2011 published by Medallion Press, Inc. The book talks about the rise of The Road Warriors, shares funny stories of life on the road, and offers behind-the-scenes accounts of professional wrestling. Personal life
Laurinaitis and his ex-wife Julie, a former powerlifter and bodybuilder, had two children, son James (born 1986) and daughter Jessica (born 1989). Laurinaitis also had a son named Joseph (born 1981) from a previous marriage. He coached youth football for Wayzata, the school his son played for.Laurinaitis's brothers have both been involved in professional wrestling over the years. John Laurinaitis (Johnny Ace) is the former executive vice president of Talent Relations for World Wrestling Entertainment and a former wrestler. Marcus Laurinaitis is a former wrestler, mainly known as one half of the tag team The Wrecking Crew (Terminator / Fury). Laurinaitis was an investor in Zubaz and helped popularize the brand globally. Laurinaitis and his tag team partner Hegstrand became born again Christians in 2001. Laurinaitis's son, James Laurinaitis, played linebacker for Ohio State University. As a sophomore, James won the Bronko Nagurski Trophy, given to the best defensive player in the country, and was a finalist for the Butkus Award, which is awarded to the best linebacker in the country.In 2007, James won the Butkus Award. In fact, Sports Illustrated made a joke about borrowing his father's shoulder pads and later did an interview with him that included a picture of him wearing them. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the second round as the 35th overall pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, and played with the Rams through the team's final season in St. Louis in 2015, after which he moved to the New Orleans Saints. In July 2016, Laurinaitis was named part of a class action lawsuit filed against WWE which alleged that wrestlers incurred traumatic brain injuries during their tenure and that the company concealed the risks of injury. The suit was litigated by attorney Konstantine Kyros, who had been involved in a number of other lawsuits against WWE. US District Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant dismissed the lawsuit in September 2018. An appeal was filed but the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit dismissed it two weeks before Laurinaitis's death.Death
Laurinaitis died of a heart attack on September 22, 2020, ten days after his 60th birthday, at the Margaritaville Resort (formerly known as the Tan-Tar-A Resort) in Osage Beach, Missouri. WWE released a statement regarding his death. Former Road Warriors manager Paul Ellering along with numerous others also paid tribute. It was later confirmed that Laurinaitis died from a sudden heart attack shortly after he and his wife’s wedding anniversary celebrations. He had collapsed on the bed when he and his wife went back to their room. 2Hawk and <mask>'s reign with this championship also happened after Ted Turner bought and renamed the promotion. However, it took place before the title was renamed the WCW World Tag Team Championship.See also
List of premature professional wrestling deaths

References

External links

 What A Rush Podcast on Spotify

1960 births
2020 deaths
American male professional wrestlers
American men podcasters
American people of Lithuanian descent
American podcasters
Professional wrestlers from Pennsylvania
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Professional wrestling podcasters
The Road Warriors members
WWE Hall of Fame

masks:
Animal
Animal
Warrior
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal Warrior
Animal
Animal
Power Warrior
Animal
Road
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Road
Animal
The Road
Road
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal


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<mask>mi, The Princess consort (; , , , August 26, 1873 – December 9, 1933), was a princess of Chiang Mai and Siam (later Thailand) and the daughter of King Inthawichayanon of Chiang Mai and Queen Thip Keson of Chiang Mai descended from the Chet Ton Dynasty. She was one of the princess consorts of Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam and gave birth to one daughter by King Chulalongkorn, Princess Vimolnaka Nabisi. Early life
Princess <mask> of Chiang Mai was born on 26 August 1873 at Khum Luang in Chiang Mai, Lanna (now Northern Thailand). She was a daughter of King Inthawichayanon and Thip Keson of Chiang Mai. Her mother was a daughter of King Kawilorot and Queen Usa. Princess <mask>mi had one elder sister, Princess Chantra Sopha of Chiang Mai, who died as a child. As a young girl, Dara Rasami was educated in different languages and traditional royal customs.She was taught in and was proficient in Thai, Tai Yuan, and English, as well as in the traditional royal customs of both Lanna and Siam. Her favorite sport was horse riding, and later in life she was said to be a skilled horsewoman. To the royal palace
As the British encroached further and further into Burma in the 1860s and '70s, Siam became concerned that England wanted to annex the Kingdom of Chiang Mai (later northern Thailand). In 1883 a rumor spread that Queen Victoria wanted to adopt Princess Dara Rasami of Chiang Mai, which the Siamese saw as a British attempt to take over Lanna. King Chulalongkorn then sent his brother Prince Phicit Prichakorn to Chiang Mai to propose an engagement to Dara Rasami to become the king's concubine. In 1886, she left Chiang Mai to enter the Grand Palace in Bangkok, where she was given the title Chao Chom <mask> Rasami of the Chakri Dynasty. Life in the Grand Palace
When <mask> Rasami arrived at the Grand Palace her father sent money from Chiang Mai to King Chulalongkorn to build a new house for her.While she lived in the Grand Palace, Dara Rasami and the ladies in her entourage were ribbed and called "Lao ladies," as well as teased that they "smelled of fermented fish." Despite these difficulties, Dara Rasami and her entourage always wore Chiang Mai style textiles for their skirts (known as pha sin) with their long hair pulled up into a bun on the back of the head, in contrast to the clothing and hairstyles of the Siamese women. After seeing stage plays in Bangkok, Dara Ratsami wrote a dramatic plot for a dance-drama in the northern style. Since then, many northern-style dances have been adapted for the stage. She gave birth to King Chulalongkorn's daughter, Princess Vimolnaka Nabisi, on 2 October 1889, whereupon the king promoted her to the rank of Chao Chom Manda from Chao Chom. However, when her daughter was only two years, eight months old, she became ill and died on 21 February 1892. Her death brought sadness to the King, and the royal families of both the Siamese and Chiang Mai kingdoms.Princess <mask> Rasami was so distraught after her only daughter's death, that she destroyed all photos and portraits of her as well as those of her husband and daughter together. The child's ashes were divided in half, with one part kept with her mother's ashes in the Chiang Mai Royal Cemetery at Wat Suan Dok, and the other in the Royal Cemetery, Wat Ratchabophit, Bangkok. On 12 February 1908, King Chulalongkorn raised Chao Chom Manda <mask> Rasami to  Her Highness Princess <mask> Rasami , The Princess consort or Chao Dara Rasami Phra Racha Chaya, in the only such promotion ever. Her title as fifth consort remained junior to those of the other four royal consorts, Sunandha Kumariratana, Sukumalmarsri, Savang Vadhana and Saovabha Phongsri. Return to Chiang Mai
From the time she became Princess Consort in 1886, <mask> Rasami returned to Chiang Mai twice. In 1908, King Intavarorot Suriyavongse of Chiang Mai, who was her half brother, came to Bangkok and visited King Chulalongkorn. At that time, Princess <mask> Rasami asked for permission from King Chulalongkorn to visit her relatives in Chiang Mai, which he granted.However, King Chulalongkorn was concerned for her safety on the long journey. On 2 February 1909, the King along with the royal family, officials of the department and senior government officials, came to send her off by train at Samsen train station. The King ordered his brother, Prince Damrong Rajanubhab and Prince Dilok Noppharat (son of King Chulalongkorn and Lady Thipkesorn of Chiang Mai) to meet Princess <mask> Rasami at Nakorn Sawan from where she traveled to Chiang Mai by boat. At that time, transportation was very slow and it took Dara Rasami two months and nine days to travel to Chiang Mai, where she arrived on 9 April 1909. Chao Phraya Surasri Wisitsak, the governor general of northwest territory, the royal family of Chiang Mai, soldiers and people from all over Lan Na came to celebrate her arrival. While in Chiang Mai, <mask> Rasami visited her relatives in Lamphun and Lampang as well as the people in Lan Na. She and King Chulalongkorn corresponded regularly via many affectionate letters throughout the time she was away from Bangkok.Princess Dara Rasami returned to Bangkok after about six months. Upon her return, the King and the royal family, government officials and people came to receive her with 100 royal boats at Ang Thong. From there, she and the King went to Bang Pa-In Royal Palace, where they stayed for two days before returning to Bangkok on 26 November 1909. Death of King Chulalongkorn
After Dara Rasami came back to Bangkok, she moved into a new house, Suan Farang Kangsai, which the King had built for her next to Vimanmek Palace while she was away. Only a year later, however, her husband died on 23 October 1910 of kidney disease at Dusit Palace. Following his death, Dara Rasami continued to live in Dusit Palace until 1914, when she asked for permission from King Vajiravudh to return to Chiang Mai to retire. The King granted her permission, and she returned Chiang Mai on 22 January 1914.Later life and death

Princess <mask> Rasami continued with her royal duties for the people of Lanna. In later life, she lived in Daraphirom Palace that King Vajiravudh built for her and her official attendants. On 30 June 1933, an old lung ailment recurred. Both western and Thai doctors tried to cure her, but no one succeeded. Her half brother, King Kaew Nawarat moved her into his palace at Khum Rin Keaw for treatment, but on 9 December 1933, she died there peacefully at the age of 60. Dararatsami Hospital, 101 Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, is named for her. Royal decorations
  Dame Cross of the Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao (First class)
  Dame Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand
   King Rama VII Royal Cypher Medal, First Class

Ancestry

Literature

Saengdao na Chiang Mai, Biography of Phra Rajajaya Jao <mask> Rasami, 26 August 1873 – 9 December 1933.Published in Conjunction With the 100-Days Ceremony for Jao Saengdao Na Chiang Mai, 18 August 1974. Chiang Mai: กลางเวียง [Central City], 2517. References

External links
 พระราชชายา เจ้าดารารัศมี – Chiang Mai person
 "เจ้าดารารัศมี" ดวงใจแห่งเมืองเหนือของพุทธเจ้าหลวง
 Chiang Mai celebrates a family legacy

Thai princesses
Thai princesses consort
Chet Ton Dynasty
Consorts of Chulalongkorn
19th-century Thai women
20th-century Thai women
19th-century Chakri dynasty
20th-century Chakri dynasty
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao
1873 births
1933 deaths

masks:
Dara Rasa
Dara Rasami
Dara Rasa
Dara
Dara
Dara
Dara
Dara
Dara
Dara
Dara
Dara
Dara
Dara


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<mask> (born November 14, 1977) is an American computer programmer, writer, musician, and game designer. He publishes most of his software into the public domain (Public domain software) and charges for commercial platform distributed versions of his games, like on the iPhone appstore or Steam. He is a graduate of Cornell University. From 2004 until 2011 he practiced simple living, stating in 2009 that his family of four had an annual budget of less than $14,500. They have since relocated from Las Cruces, New Mexico to Davis, California. In 2005 <mask> worked on a local currency, called North Country Notes (NCN), for Potsdam, New York. In 2016 Rohrer became the first videogame artist to have a solo retrospective in an art museum.His exhibition, The Game Worlds of <mask>, was on view at The Davis Museum at Wellesley College until June 2016. Games
Rohrer has placed most of his creative work, like video games' source code and assets, into the public domain as he is a supporter of a copyright-less free distribution economy. Many of his project are hosted on SourceForge. Transcend – Rohrer's first game, released in 2005. Transcend is "an abstract 2D shooting game that doubles as a multimedia sculpture." Cultivation – Rohrer's second game, released in 2007, is "a social simulation about a community of gardeners." Passage – Rohrer's third game, which was released in 2007 and garnered much attention from the mainstream and independent gaming communities.The game lasts exactly five minutes, and focuses on life, mortality and the costs and benefits of marriage. It was featured in Kokoromi's curated GAMMA 256 event. In 2012 Passage became part of the permanent collection at the Museum of Modern Art. Gravitation – <mask>'s fourth game, released in 2008. That same year, it won the Jury award at IndieCade. Between – Rohrer's fifth game, released in 2008. It is hosted by Esquire Magazine as an adjunct to <mask>'s profile in the December 2008 issue and was the recipient of the 2009 Independent Games Festival's Innovation Award.Primrose – <mask>'s sixth game, designed for the iPhone (although released for home computers as well). It was released on February 19, 2009. It is a departure from the art-game theme, and is a simple puzzle game. Sleep is Death – Adventure-game-making software, released April 16, 2010. Sleep is Death games require the creator to be present to respond to the player's actions in near real-time. It has received favorable reviews from a number of mainstream game review sites. Game Design Sketchbook – In 2008 Rohrer created a number of games for The Escapist.These would usually be unpolished prototype games that explore a single theme, with an accompanying article by Rohrer describing the creative process of making games. Inside a Star-filled Sky – An "infinite, recursive tactical shooter" released in February 2011, favorably reviewed. Selected for presentation at the 2011 Tokyo Game Show's Sense of Wonder Night. The game was put by Rohrer into public domain, like many other games of Rohrer. Diamond Trust of London – A 2012 crowdfunded two-player strategy game for the Nintendo DS into public domain. The Castle Doctrine – An MMO burglary and home defense video game. Sold on Steam while being Public domain software.Cordial Minuet – A two-player online gambling strategy game played anonymously for real money. One Hour One Life – A multiplayer survival game of parenting and civilization building, released February 2018 and exclusively sold via the developer's webpage. Like the games before, public domain software and hosted on GitHub. GDC 2011 Game Design Challenge
At the 2011 Game Developers Conference Rohrer won the annual Game Design Challenge by proposing a game that could only be played once by a single player and then passed on to another. This idea was based on stories of his late grandfather that had been passed down. He stated  "We become like gods to those who come after us." With this in mind he created a Minecraft mod, Chain World, that was put on a single USB flash drive, which he then passed to an audience member.The rules of the game were simple: No text signs are allowed in the game, players may play until they die once, upon respawning they must quit the game and the game must then be passed onto someone that is interested and willing to respect the rules. GDC 2013 Game Design Challenge
In March 2013 the Game Design Challenge was held at the Game Developers Conference for the final time. Its theme was "Humanity's Final Game." <mask> was among the six contestants and won with his entry A Game For Someone, a physical game constructed of titanium. After its completion Rohrer buried it in an undisclosed location in the Nevada desert. At the challenge he released lists containing over one million discrete GPS coordinates, one of which was the actual burial spot. He estimated that with coordinated searching it would take at least 2,700 years to locate the game.The Game Worlds of <mask>rer
In February 2016, the Davis Museum at Wellesley College exhibited The Game Worlds of <mask>, the first museum retrospective dedicated to the work of a single video game maker. The museum stated "Rohrer's exhibited work is deft, engaging, and often surprisingly moving. It refers to a diverse set of cultural influences ranging from the fiction of Borges to Black Magic; at the same time, it also engages pressing emotional, intellectual, philosophical, and social issues. Rohrer's substantial recognition, which has included feature coverage in Wired, Esquire and The Wall Street Journal, as well as inclusion in MoMA's initial videogame acquisition, has been built on a singularly fascinating body of games. These range from the elegantly simple—such as Gravitation (2008), a game about flights of creative mania and melancholy—to others of Byzantine complexity. The exhibition featured four large build-outs that translate Rohrer’s games into unique spatial experiences, alongside a section dedicated to exploring a large body of his work." The exhibit was designed by IKD, a Boston-based design firm.Other projects
konspire2b, a pseudonymous channel-based distributed file system
token word, a Xanadu-style text editing system
tangle, a proxy server which attempts to find relationships between websites and user visits. MUTE, a file sharing network with anonymity in mind. Monolith, a thought experiment that might be relevant to digital copyright. This has expanded to a computer program implemented on his ideas. seedBlogs, a modular building block that lets users add PHP and MySQL-backed dynamic content to any website. silk, a web-based hypertext system to simplify web page linking. Similar to Wiki markup.hyperlit, a literary hypertext authoring system. subreal, a distributed evolution system. Project December, an online conversation AI using GPT-2 and GPT-3 technology. References

External links

<mask> official website
 , with <mask> and Chris Crawford (2009)

American computer programmers
American video game designers
1977 births
Cornell University alumni
Living people
Video game developers
Open content activists
Free software programmers
Independent video game developers

masks:
Jason Rohrer
Jason Rohrer
Jason Rohrer
Rohrer
Rohrer
Rohrer
Rohrer
Jason Roh
Jason Rohrer
Jason Rohrer
Jason Rohrer


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<mask> (1745–1789), also known as <mask>, was an English singer, actress, and prostitute. Life of <mask> was born near Tower Hill, London, to hackneyed coachman and a washer woman. Mr. <mask> spent his earnings only on himself, often taking his wife's wages as well. <mask> helped her mother as a laundress. at the age of ten, she became acquainted with Colonel Lascelles, known for his relation to the Prince of Wales. He found she could sing and she began performing for the neighborhood, at a young age, she was known for her angelic voice and looks, garnering multiple admirers.She first made her money singing in pubs and to the garrison of the Tower of London. It was not known if <mask> lost her virginity to any of the “numerous corp admirers who daily laid siege to her” but it was “certain that she had scarcely entered her fourteenth year when she parted with her innocence” (Ambross, 8).Her parents’ strict account of her earnings and subsequent abuse may have been a factor in her introduction to sex. <mask> later moved in with a linen draper after an abusive bout with her parents that resulted in “cuffs and blows” and <mask> “fully determined to accept the first asylum offered” (Ambross 9). After a week spent with the draper, <mask>'s parents begged her to come back after recognizing her full value. Her parents welcomed her with open arms and her affair with the draper ended after a month. <mask> then “resolved to indulge in them [sex] for the purposes of pecuniary advantage, as well as sensual gratification” (Ambross, 12). She was apprenticed aged fifteen to William Bates, a composer and singing teacher, with a £200 penalty in case of misconduct from the child.It would be three years before she met Delaval at nineteen at the Marybone Gardens. She managed to gain an appearance at Vauxhall music hall at aged 17 in the summer and the Covent Garden the following fall under his mentorship.However, even though <mask> gained the beginnings of success, <mask> soon found herself at odds with Mr. Bates, a scandal soon emerged when Bates sold <mask>'s apprenticeship to her admirer Sir Francis Blake Delaval of Seaton Delaval Hall for £200. Bates was given money by Delaval in addition to make up for any financial loss to him. Catley's father, <mask>, could see that <mask> had been sold. Aided by his employer, her father sued the rake Delaval and Bates. Lord Chief Justice Mansfield's judgement extended British law as he ruled that Delaval had offended society and the King's Bench could take action against Delaval on society's behalf; he was heavily fined. Catley's relationship with Delaval ended. Delaval found future relationships difficult and Catley continued her career.Charles Macklin was the first to discover <mask> for the stage with which she “assum[ed] chaste acting, and executed many characters of difficulty with critical justice” (Ambross 36). Rosenthal recounts that although critics insisted that “genteel manners were inimitable and that only women of proper virtue and extraction could posses them,” women, like <mask>, who succeeded challenged class convention (Rosenthal, 167). For Rosenthal, this exposed class identity as conditional and performative. On a trip to Ireland, <mask> was wholly embraced. She took her sister Mary in, exacting similar treatment upon her as the Catleys with “violence of her fists…[resulting in bloody noses and cheeks]” (Ambross 37). Mary eventually ran off with a lover and <mask> vowed not to offer her any protection; her lover quickly became disgusted with Mary, using the excuse of her affair with a Dublin college student to leave her. <mask>, unbothered, continued her life in Ireland, taking lovers at a price proportioned at her idea of the men's fortunes.<mask> was “perhaps the only woman of early virtue that ever received countenance on the stage from the modest women of Ireland,” for “in spite of Catley’s blatant prostitution necessary for her survival, female spectators at the theater absolved her of responsibility for her sexual looseness” (Nussbaum, 445). On March 27, 1773, <mask> sang Mandane in Arne's Artaxerxes for her benefit performance and again in 1777 (Burden, 110). In 1768 she met Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Lascelles (1744–1799) and they became a couple. She married General Lascelles and bore him several children; her “former levity gave way to domestic decorum” (Ambross, 48). <mask> had, essentially, become an honest woman. She tasked the General to keep the marriage secret until after her retirement and resolved to leave her fortune to the children. Performance and brand

<mask> was known to "[have] a performing style to match her life history" (Burden p. 111).Her notable sexually explicit roles, such as Polly from The Beggar's Opera and Juno in The Golden Pippin, were a stylistic reflection of her own life. <mask> is notable for her sexual escapades, not because they were disingenuous to her but because they made her whom she embodied, <mask>'s sexuality was integrated into her brand. It allowed her to afford her lavish lifestyle, be self-sufficient and the constant controversy allowed her to stay relevant, allowing her to influence "the fashion of dressing the hair..catleyfied" (Pearce 815)—growing popularity with men and women through fashion and sexuality. Due to her eccentric acting style and melodious voice, Ms. <mask>ley did not shy away from knowing her worth and power. <mask> would negotiate her salary in order to get paid extravagant sums that she deemed she was worth. <mask>ley embodied a business mogul for restoration women. She built a brand for herself and reversed the power dynamic of commodifying women's bodies by using it as her strength and proving her worth.Although <mask> was a prostitute, her refusal to be seen as a cheap whore led to her success. Her best performances, according to Ambross, were Rosetta in Love in a Village and Euphrosyne in Comus. <mask>'s “Catlified hair,” a hairstyle that was “cut down upon like a fan,” became fashionable. Ambross claims that “<mask> had great capabilities for an actress and...would have succeeded not only in comedy, but tragedy, had she made them her study” (Ambross, 49).Going back to the stage, <mask> was but a shadow of her former glory. She attempted Macheath in The Beggar’s Opera but her voice proved inefficient and garnered pity, not praise from the audience. She moved to Ealing, Middlesex, beloved by her neighbors and the poor. Catley died of consumption in 1782 of consumption at 44 and was buried in Ealing church.Apparently, Catley died “in charity with the world, and in lamenting that the early parts of her life had not been equally virtuous and honourable with her latter days” (Ambross 55). She performed many roles on the London and Dublin stage, until 1782. Her pupil Margaret Martyr's style is said to have come from Catley. Thomas Bellamy wrote of Martyr in 1795 "Catley's pupil - Catley's boast, Sportive, playful, arch and free, Lovely MARTYR, hail to thee!" Catley spent her last years living at Little Ealing and died on 14 October 1789. John O'Keeffe wrote of her: "she was one of the most beautiful women I ever saw: the expression of her eyes, and the smiles and dimples that played round her lips and cheeks, enchanting". References
Rosenthal, Laura J.“Entertaining women: the actress in eighteenth-century theatre and culture.” The		 Cambridge Companion to British Theatre, 1730–1830, edited by Jane Moody and Daniel			 O’Quinn, 2007, pp. 159–171. Ambross, E. The life and memoirs of the late Miss <mask>, the celebrated actress: with biographical sketches of Sir Francis Black Delaval, and the Hon. Isabella Pawlet, Daughter to the Earl of Thanet. By Miss Ambross. Printed for J. Bird, No. 11, Poppin's Cout, Fleet-Street, [1789].Eighteenth Century Collections Online. Burden, Michael. “Imaging Mandane: Character, Costume, Monument.” Music in Art, vol. 34, no. 1/2, 2009, pp. 107–136. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41818584.Accessed 14 Mar. 2021. Pearce, Charles E. "Polly Peachum": Being the Story of Lavinia Fenton (Duchess of Bolton) and "The Beggar's Opera". Brentano's, 1913. External links
 The Life of Miss <mask>. Anon. 1888

1745 births
1789 deaths
English women singers
18th-century English people
English prostitutes

masks:
Ann Catley
Ann Lascelles
Ann Catley Catley
Catley
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Catley
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Robert Catley
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann Catley
Ann Catley
Ann
Ann Cat
Ann
Ann Cat
Ann Catley
Catley
Miss Catley
Ann
Ann Catley
Anne Catley


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<mask> (25 February 1812 – 14 August 1888) was a Danish statesman. <mask> served as the Council President of Denmark (Prime Minister), first from 1857 to 1859 and again from 1860 to 1863. Early life
<mask> was the son of the highly respected artisan and train-band colonel <mask>. He was born at Christianshavn. After a distinguished career at school and college, he adopted the law as his profession, and in 1837 married the highly gifted but eccentric Augusta Marie, daughter of the philologist Peter Oluf Brøndsted. A natural conservatism indisposed <mask> at first to take any part in the popular movement of 1848, to which almost all his friends had already adhered; but the moment he was convinced of the inevitability of popular government, he resolutely and sympathetically followed in the new paths. Sent to the Rigsforsamling of 1848 as member for the first district of Copenhagen, a constituency he continued to represent in the Folketing till 1881, he immediately took his place in the front rank of Danish politicians.From the first he displayed rare ability as a debater, his inspiring and yet amiable personality attracted hosts of admirers, while his extraordinary tact and temper disarmed opposition and enabled him to mediate between extremes without ever sacrificing principles. <mask> was not altogether satisfied with the fundamental law of June; but he considered it expedient to make the best use possible of the existing constitution and to unite the best conservative elements of the nation in its defence. The aloofness and sulkiness of the aristocrats and landed proprietors he deeply deplored. Failing to rally them to the good cause he determined anyhow to organize the great cultivated middle class into a political party. Hence the "June Union," whose programme was progress and reform in the spirit of the constitution, and at the same time opposition to the one-sided democratism and party-tyranny of the Bondevenner or peasant party. The "Union" exercised an essential influence on the elections of 1852, and was, in fact, the beginning of the national Liberal party, which found its natural leader in <mask>. During the years 1852-1854 the burning question of the day was the connexion between the various parts of the monarchy.<mask> was  by conviction. He saw in the closest possible union between the kingdom and a Schleswig freed from all risk of German interference the essential condition for Denmark's independence; but he did not think that Denmark was strong enough to carry such a policy through unsupported, and he was therefore inclined to promote it by diplomatic means and international combinations, and strongly opposed to the Conventions of 1851-1852, though he was among the first, subsequently, to accept them as an established fact and the future basis for Denmark's policy. Politics
<mask> first took office in the Bang administration (12 December 1854) as Kultus Minister. In May 1857 he became president of the council after <mask>, Bang's successor, had retired, and in July 1858 he exchanged the kultus ministry for the ministry of foreign affairs, while still retaining the premiership. <mask>'s programme, , i.e. a single state with a common constitution, was difficult enough in a monarchy which included two nationalities, one of which, to a great extent, belonged to a foreign and hostile jurisdiction. But as this political monstrosity had already been guaranteed by the Conventions of 1851-1852, <mask> could not rid himself of it, and the attempt to establish this Helstat was made accordingly by the Constitution of 13 November 1863.The failure of the attempt and its disastrous consequences for Denmark are described elsewhere. Here it need only be said that <mask> himself soon became aware of the impossibility of the Helstat, and his whole policy aimed at making its absurdity patent to Europe, and substituting for it a constitutional Denmark to the Eider which would be in a position to come to terms with an independent Holstein. That this was the best thing possible for Denmark is absolutely indisputable, and the diplomatic "Seven Years' War" which <mask> in the meantime conducted with all the powers interested in the question is the most striking proof of his superior statesmanship. <mask> knew that in the last resort the question must be decided not by the pen but by the sword. But he relied, ultimately, on the protection of the powers which had guaranteed the integrity of Denmark by the treaty of London, and if words have any meaning at all he had the right to expect at the very least the armed support of Great Britain. But the great German powers and the force of circumstances proved too strong for him. On the accession of the new king, <mask>, <mask> resigned rather than repeal the November Constitution, which gave Denmark something to negotiate upon in case of need.But he made matters as easy as he could for his successors in the Monrad administration, and the ultimate catastrophe need not have been as serious as it was bad his advice, frankly given, been intelligently followed. After 1864 <mask> bore more than his fair share of the odium and condemnation which weighed so heavily upon the national Liberal party, making no attempt to repudiate responsibility and refraining altogether from attacking patently unscrupulous opponents. But his personal popularity suffered not the slightest diminution, while his clear, almost intuitive, outlook and his unconquerable faith in the future of his country made him, during those difficult years, a factor of incalculable importance in the public life of Denmark. In 1870 he joined the Holstein-Holsteinborg ministry as minister of public worship, and in that capacity passed many useful educational reforms, but on the fall of the administration, in 1873, he retired altogether from public life. In the summer of 1879 <mask> was struck down by a stroke, and for the remaining nine years of his life he was practically bedridden. He died on 14 August 1888. In politics <mask> was a practical, sagacious opportunist, in the best sense of that much abused word, with an eye rather for things than for persons.Moreover, he had no very pronounced political ambition, and was an. utter stranger to that longing for power, which drives so many men of talent to adopt extreme expedients. His urbanity and perfect equilibrium at the very outset incited sympathy, while his wit and humour made him the centre of every circle within which he moved. References

1812 births
1888 deaths
Foreign ministers of Denmark
Danish Kultus Ministers
Politicians from Copenhagen
Prime Ministers of Denmark
Members of the Folketing
19th-century Danish politicians

masks:
Carl Christian Hall
Hall
Hall
Mads Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Carl Andræ
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Christian IX
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall