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<mask> (born 1949 in New York) is an American theater and opera director. He is the twin brother of <mask>, also an opera director. Both brothers belong to a generation of modernist directors that includes Robert Wilson and Peter Sellars. and are known for staging revisionist productions of opera. Early life
<mask> and his identical twin David came from a show business family. Their father was the playwright <mask>, and their mother was the Broadway dancer Barbara Gaye. As such, the brothers were drawn to musical theater from an early age.As eight-year-olds, they listened to recordings of Gilbert & Sullivan operetta, and as teenagers in the mid-'60s, they frequently bought standing room tickets at the Metropolitan Opera. By age 13, both had decided they wanted to be directors of opera. <mask> studied theater at the University of Pennsylvania and began his stage career as an actor, appearing in Joseph Papp’s New York Shakespeare Festival production of Two Gentlemen of Verona in the early ‘70s. But he was soon apprenticed to opera director Jean-Pierre Ponnelle, working as his assistant in Houston, Paris and Salzburg. In 1974, Alden staged his first opera productions in New York (Francis Poulenc's Les mamelles de Tirésias) and Omaha (La Traviata and The Barber of Seville). More assignments followed during the 1970s at Santa Fe Opera, Opera Theatre of St. Louis and Dallas Opera as well as a continuing relationship with Opera Omaha. Directing career
In 1982, Michael Milenski of Long Beach Opera engaged Alden to mount a conventional staging of La Boheme.However, the following year saw a surreal production of Benjamin Britten's Death in Venice that was a critical and artistic breakthrough for both <mask> and Long Beach Opera. Los Angeles Times music critic Martin Bernheimer wrote that "<mask> tells the story with shadows and hints... Guided by the music, he uses people as scenery and ideas as costumes. To illustrate the central philosophical conflicts between Apollo and Dionysus, the director introduces daring images unimagined by the composer and librettist." <mask> continued a long and fruitful collaboration with Long Beach Opera that yielded some unconventional settings of Claudio Monteverdi's Coronation of Poppea, Orfeo and The Return of Ulysses; Britten’s The Rape of Lucretia; Jacques Offenbach's La Vie parisienne and Bluebeard and the world premiere of Stewart Wallace and Michael Korie's Hopper’s Wife. In the early '90s, he began a similarly long relationship with the San Francisco Opera, staging the American premieres of Aribert Reimann's Ghost Sonata and Hans Werner Henze's Das Verratene Meer as well as new productions of Les Contes d'Hoffmann, Coronation of Poppea, Virgil Thomson's The Mother of Us All and Wallace & Korie's Harvey Milk. He made his debut with New York City Opera as early as 1979 with a staging of Gioachino Rossini's Le comte Ory and went on to create productions for NYCO and Glimmerglass Opera that included Handel's Imeneo, The Rape of Lucretia, The Mother of Us All, Bluebeard, The Italian Girl in Algiers, John Philip Sousa's The Glass Blowers, Mozart's Don Giovanni.He is currently working on a new production of Leonard Bernstein's A Quiet Place scheduled to make its New York premiere in October 2010. <mask> has worked with several major and regional American opera companies, including Lyric Opera of Chicago, Houston Grand Opera, Seattle Opera, Boston Lyric Opera, Pittsburgh Opera, Dallas Opera and Los Angeles Opera. He created the world premiere production of Anthony Davis' Tania at Philadelphia's American Music Theater Festival in 1992. He mounted Jonathan Dove's reduced versions of Das Rheingold and Die Walküre for the Eos Orchestra of New York in 2002-2004. For the Spoleto Festival USA, he produced the American premiere of Gluck's L’Ile de Merlin in 2007. His work in Europe has encompassed assignments at Welsh National Opera, Scottish Opera (where he directed the world premiere of David Horne's Friend of the People), English National Opera (staging The Makropulos Case with Charles Mackerras in 2006). He and British director David Pountney co-directed Eight Little Greats, an acclaimed series of eight short operas for Opera North in 2005.<mask> has also worked at the Opéra Comique in Paris (where he presented a triple bill of Georges Bizet's Djamileh, Le docteur Miracle and Don Procopio), Cologne Opera, Opera Zuid in The Netherlands as well as in Bilbao, Antwerp, Mannheim, Karlsruhe and Geneva. Modernist Vision
As an opera director, <mask> is known for his use of contemporary imagery and, on occasion, a minimalist visual style, though never as spare as his contemporary Robert Wilson. He likened his own 1984 production of Coronation of Poppea to "a new wave rock video" and has frequently expressed his desire to connect the inner world of opera theater to the modern sensibility of a younger audience. He has an eye for bold theatrical gestures that are often dramatically effective but sometimes considered crass. His use of overt sexuality, brutal violence and over-the-top, satirical humor has soured his relationship with conservative patrons (most notably, a critically derided Rigoletto production for Chicago Lyric that the company declared un-"revivable"). Though some opera audiences may be put off by his art, it is never Alden’s aim to shock for the sake of shock value. Rather, his approach to stagecraft — with its anachronistic cultural symbols, blood-and-guts characterizations and eye-catching visuals — is driven by a desire to reveal how powerfully opera stories can resonate with modern experience.<mask> has said that "however fascinating the era in which an opera was composed may be, I have a primary responsibility to the world we live in now." References

External links
 Official <mask> website
 Columbia Artists Management Inc agency page on <mask>

1949 births
Living people
American opera directors
Artists from New York City

masks:
Christopher Alden
David Alden
Alden
Jerome Alden
Christopher
Alden
Alden
Alden
Alden
Alden
Christopher Alden
Alden
Christopher Alden
Christopher Alden


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<mask>  (25 August 1724 – 10 July 1806) was an English painter, best known for his paintings of horses. Self-trained, <mask> learnt his skills independently from other great artists of the eighteenth century such as Reynolds or Gainsborough. <mask>' output includes history paintings, but his greatest skill was in painting animals, perhaps influenced by his love and study of anatomy. His series of paintings on the theme of a lion attacking a horse are early and significant examples of the Romantic movement that emerged in the late 18th century. His painting, Whistlejacket, hangs in the National Gallery, London. Biography

<mask> was born in Liverpool, the son of a currier, or leather-dresser, <mask>, and his wife Mary. Information on his life until the age of 35 or so is sparse, relying almost entirely on notes made by Ozias Humphry, a fellow artist and friend; Humphry's informal memoir, which was not intended for publication, was based on a series of private conversations he had with <mask> around 1794, when <mask> was 70 years old, and Humphry 52.<mask> worked at his father's trade until the age of 15 or 16, at which point he told his father that he wished to become a painter. While initially resistant, <mask>'s father (who died not long after in 1741), eventually acquiesced in his son's choice of a career path, on the condition that he could find an appropriate mentor. <mask> subsequently approached the Lancashire painter and engraver Hamlet Winstanley, and was briefly engaged by him in a sort of apprenticeship relationship, probably not more than several weeks in duration. Having initially demonstrated his abilities and agreed to do some copying work, <mask> had access to and opportunity to study the collection at Knowsley Hall near Liverpool, the estate where Winstanley was then residing; however, he soon left when he came into conflict with the older artist over exactly which pictures he could work on copying. Thereafter as an artist he was self-taught. He had had a passion for anatomy from his childhood, and in or around 1744, he moved to York, in the North of England, to pursue his ambition to study the subject under experts. In York, from 1745 to 1753, he worked as a portrait painter, and studied human anatomy under the surgeon Charles Atkinson, at York County Hospital, One of his earliest surviving works is a set of illustrations for a textbook on midwifery by John Burton, Essay towards a Complete New System of Midwifery, published in 1751.In 1754 <mask> visited Italy. Forty years later he told Ozias Humphry that his motive for going to Italy was, "to convince himself that nature was and is always superior to art whether Greek or Roman, and having renewed this conviction he immediately resolved upon returning home". In 1756 he rented a farmhouse in the village of Horkstow, Lincolnshire, and spent 18 months dissecting horses, assisted by his common-law wife, Mary Spencer. He moved to London in about 1759 and in 1766 published The anatomy of the Horse. The original drawings are now in the collection of the Royal Academy. Even before his book was published, <mask>'s drawings were seen by leading aristocratic patrons, who recognised that his work was more accurate than that of earlier horse painters such as James Seymour, Peter Tillemans and John Wootton. In 1759 the 3rd Duke of Richmond commissioned three large pictures from him, and his career was soon secure.By 1763 he had produced works for several more dukes and other lords and was able to buy a house in Marylebone, a fashionable part of London, where he lived for the rest of his life. A famous work, Whistlejacket, a painting of the thoroughbred race horse rising on his hind legs, commissioned by the 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, is now in the National Gallery in London. This and two other paintings carried out for Rockingham break with convention in having plain backgrounds. Throughout the 1760s he produced a wide range of individual and group portraits of horses, sometimes accompanied by hounds. He often painted horses with their grooms, whom he always painted as individuals. Meanwhile, he also continued to accept commissions for portraits of people, including some group portraits. From 1761 to 1776 he exhibited at the Society of Artists of Great Britain, but in 1775 he switched his allegiance to the recently founded but already more prestigious Royal Academy of Arts.<mask> also painted more exotic animals including lions, tigers, giraffes, monkeys, and rhinoceroses, which he was able to observe in private menageries. His painting of a kangaroo was the first glimpse of this animal for many 18th-century Britons. He became preoccupied with the theme of a wild horse threatened by a lion and produced several variations on this theme. These and other works became well known at the time through engravings of <mask>'s work, which appeared in increasing numbers in the 1770s and 1780s. <mask> also painted historical pictures, but these are much less well regarded. From the late 1760s he produced some work on enamel. In the 1770s Josiah Wedgwood developed a new and larger type of enamel panel at <mask>'s request.<mask> hoped to achieve commercial success with his paintings in enamel, but the venture left him in debt. Also in the 1770s he painted single portraits of dogs for the first time, while also receiving an increasing number of commissions to paint hunts with their packs of hounds. He remained active into his old age. In the 1780s he produced a pastoral series called Haymakers and Reapers, and in the early 1790s he enjoyed the patronage of the Prince of Wales, whom he painted on horseback in 1791. His last project, begun in 1795, was A comparative anatomical exposition of the structure of the human body with that of a tiger and a common fowl, fifteen engravings from which appeared between 1804 and 1806. The project was left unfinished upon <mask>'s death at the age of 81 on 10 July 1806, in London. He was buried in the graveyard of Marylebone Church, now a public garden.<mask>'s son <mask> <mask> was an engraver and printmaker. A lion attacking a horse

<mask> began an informal series of works on the subject of a lion attacking a horse around 1762 or 1763, and he continued to explore and reinterpret the theme in at least 17 images over a period of about 30 years. These paintings are among his most celebrated and influential works. One art historian wrote "The appearance of the monumental picture now in the Mellon Collection [A Lion Attacking a Horse, ca. 1762-63] must be treated as one of the outstanding events in English eighteenth-century art for within the context of painting at that date its singularity as well as its inherent originality is most striking. Not since the publication of Hogarth's Harlot's Progress thirty years before had there occurred such an innovation." The iconic paintings are in fact among the earliest manifestations of Romanticism in painting, predating the work of more familiar masters of the movement such as William Blake, Eugène Delacroix, Francisco Goya, William Turner, and Théodore Géricault, who was known to be an admirer of both horses, and the work of <mask>.Jean Clay, professor of art history at the University of Paris, perceptively observed that not only does the energy and terror of the animals foreshadow the spirit of romanticism but, as <mask>'s series progressed, the horror seemed to diffuse and expand throughout the whole of the landscape: "an image that would fertilize the Romantic imagination and come to full flower a half-century later." The series are mostly oil paintings on canvas, but also include examples of enamel on copper, original engravings, and even a relief model in Wedgwood clay. The white horse was painted from one of the Kings Horses in the Mews, secured for the artist by an architect friend, Mr. Payne. <mask> was able to study a lion in life that was in the menagerie of Lord Shellburne at Hounslow Heath. The earliest work is a life-size painting of A Lion Attacking a Horse (ca. 1762-63), which was commissioned by the 2nd Marquess of Rockingham and now in the Yale Center for British Art. Art historian Basil Taylor postulated the theme was treated in three distinct episodes: Episode A, a lion prowling at some distance from a terrified horse; Episode B, a lion close to a terrified horse; Episode C a lion on the horse's back biting its flank.Interestingly, <mask> first painted "Episode C", and it was not until later that he was inspired to go back and paint the moments leading up to the climatic event. An anecdote regarding the origin of the subject matter emerged soon after the artist death, originally published in The Sporting Magazine in 1808, and reiterate often for well over a century and a half. Art historian H. W. Janson repeated it "On a visit to North Africa, he had seen a horse killed by a lion; this experience haunted his imagination, and from it he developed a new type of animal picture full of Romantic feeling for the grandeur and violence of nature." However, research published in 1965 produced a rather persuasive argument that <mask> in fact never traveled to Africa, and the actual inspiration for the painting was an antique sculpture he had seen in a well documented 1754 stay in Rome. The sculpture, Lion Seizing a Horse, in the Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome, is a restored Roman copy of a Hellenistic original. It has been a celebrated work since the Renaissance, admired by Michelangelo, included in guidebooks of <mask>'s day, and copied any number of times by various artist in marble, bronze, and prints, including an 18th century marble copy in the collection of <mask>'s patron Henry Blundell, who also acquired one of the paintings by <mask>. Legacy

<mask> remained a secondary figure in British art until the mid-twentieth century.The art historian Basil Taylor and art collector Paul Mellon both championed Stubbs's work. Stubbs's Pumpkin with a Stable-lad was the first painting that Mellon bought in 1936. Basil Taylor was commissioned in 1955 by Pelican Press to write the book Animal Painting in England – From Barlow to Landseer, which included a large segment on Stubbs. In 1959 Mellon and Taylor first met and bonded over their appreciation of Stubbs. This led Mellon to create the Paul Mellon Foundation for British Art (The predecessor of the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art) with Taylor as the director. Mellon eventually amassed the largest collection of Stubbs paintings in the world which would become a part of his larger collection of British art that would become the Yale Center for British Art. In 1971, Taylor published the seminal catalogue, Stubbs.The record price for a <mask> painting was set by the sale at auction of Gimcrack on Newmarket Heath, with a Trainer, a Stable-Lad, and a Jockey (1765) at Christie's in London in July 2011 for £22.4 million. It was sold by the British Woolavington Collection of sporting art; the buyer was unidentified. The British Royal Collection holds 16 paintings by <mask>. Two paintings by <mask> were bought by the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London after a public appeal to raise the £1.5 million required. The two paintings, The Kongouro from New Holland and Portrait of a Large Dog were both painted in 1772. Depicting a kangaroo and a dingo respectively, they are the first depictions of Australian animals in Western art. His work was shown in a retrospective exhibition at the Whitechapel Gallery in London, 27 February – 7 April 1957.The Tate Britain, in conjunction with the Yale Center for British Art, organized the largest exhibition ever devoted to Stubbs (up to that time) in 1984, which traveled to New Haven in 1985. Memoirs of Thomas Dodd, William Upcott, and <mask>, R.A. (Liverpool: D. Marples, 1879). Egerton, Judy. <mask>, 1724–1806 (Tate Gallery Publications, 1984). Egerton, Judy. <mask>, Painter. Catalogue Raisonné (New Haven and London: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 2007)
Rump, Gerhard C. Pferde und Jagdbilder in der englischen Kunst.Studien zu <mask> und dem Genre der "Sporting Art" von 1650–1830 (Olms: Hildesheim, New York, 1983)
Gilbey, Walter. Animal Painters of England from the Year 1650, Volume 2 (Vinton, 1900) p. 192 ff. Morrison, Venetia. Art of <mask> (Headline Book Pub., 1989). Myrone, Martin. <mask> (British Artists series) (Tate Publishing, 2002). Taylor, Basil.<mask>'' (London: Phaidon Prees, 1971)

External links

<mask> online (Artcyclopedia)
<mask> – a celebration (Walker Art Gallery)
<mask> (Encyclopedia of Irish and World Art)
<mask>'s biography (Mezzo Mundo Fine Art)
Paintings by <mask> (Tate Gallery)
 Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections
 Selected images from Anatomy of the Horse From The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Digital Library
Judy Egerton archive

1724 births
1806 deaths
18th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English painters
Equine artists
Artists from Liverpool
English enamellers
18th-century enamellers
19th-century enamellers
Associates of the Royal Academy

masks:
George Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
John Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
George Townly
Stubbs
Stubbs
George Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs
Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs
George Stubbs


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Charles H<mask> (June 1, 1929 – March 7, 2018) was an American football player who played for the University of Michigan Wolverines from 1948 to 1950 and in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1951 and the Dallas Texans in 1952. University of Michigan

Ortmann was raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He turned down offers from the University of Wisconsin and nearby Marquette University, as well as coach Bear Bryant at the University of Kentucky, to attend the University of Michigan and play football for Fritz Crisler. Ortmann recalled: "My high school coach would say, '<mask>, if you pick Michigan, you're picking the best. After you graduate, people will know you and remember you.' I made the right decision." He was a versatile player, starting at  safety on defense and halfback on offense, as well as punting, placekicking, and returning punts and kickoffs.He was a starter as a sophomore for the undefeated 1948 Michigan Wolverines football team that won the National Championship. As a senior in 1950, he was responsible for 90% of Michigan's total offense. He was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame on December 31, 2009. The Snow Bowl
Ortmann is most known for his role in the famed 1950 Snow Bowl game against Ohio State, in which he punted 24 times in a blizzard for 723 yards – still a Michigan record. The weather conditions were so inclement that Michigan punted on first down for its first two plays from scrimmage, after concluding that the best strategy was to keep the slick ball on the other side of the field and in the hands of Ohio State. The strategy worked, as the game's only touchdown was scored after Ortman punted the ball out of bounds at the Ohio State six-yard line, Ohio State was forced to punt from deep in its own territory, and Tony Momsen recovered a blocked punt in the endzone. Ortmann recalled: "You and I would not have gone outside to get the newspaper on a day like that.But here we were, trying to play football." Michigan did not get a first down and had only 27 yards of total offense, while Ortman was 0 for 8 passing and gained only 9 yards in 10 rushing attempts. The fierce weather conditions stifled both offenses, and the Wolverines won 9–3 on a safety and Momsen's touchdown after the blocked punt. Interviewed about the Snow Bowl in 2006, Ortmann, then retired and living in Savannah, Georgia, recalled: "Twice during the game, playing as the safety, I couldn't see [Heisman Trophy winner] Vic Janowicz and his backfield, the snow was falling so heavily. Tony Momsen was our regular punter and as we were ready to go out, he said, 'Charlie, I don't feel like punting today, you punt.' I hadn't punted in three months. But the hero of that game was not <mask>n, it was Carl Kreager, our center.I just put my hands down and the ball was always there. I still remind him every time we talk, 'Carl, you never got enough credit for that game.' It was so boring. I have a film of the game, and I haven't watched it since, if that tells you something." Other highlights

Other highlights of Ortmann's playing career at Michigan include:
 Passing for 146 yards (15 for 19) in a 14–6 win over California, including six passes for 80 yards in the fourth quarter to lead Michigan's comeback from a 6–0 deficit, at the 1951 Rose Bowl game;
 Rushing for 115 yards and passing for another 92 (207 total yards) in a 14–7 win over Minnesota in the 1949 Little Brown Jug game;
 Passing for a career-high 186 yards passing in the 1950 Little Brown Jug game; and
 Returning a kickoff 82 yards against Purdue in 1949. In his three years as a starter at Michigan, Ortmann had 2,078 yards passing (127 of 314) and 676 yards rushing (273 carries and six touchdowns). He was named an All-Big Ten halfback in 1950 and was also third-team All-American.Professional football
Ortmann was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers as the 20th pick in the 1951 NFL Draft and played in all 12 of the Steelers' games in 1951. He was the Steelers' leading passer in 1951, throwing 56 completions for 671 yards, three touchdowns and 13 interceptions. He also had 327 yards rushing, 62 yards receiving, and 62 yards on an interception return. Ortmann was also the Steelers' backup punter, kicking seven times for a 43.1 yard average, including a 72-yard punt. Ortmann was waived by the Steelers after the 1951 season and signed by the Dallas Texans in 1952. However, he injured his ankle and finished his playing career after playing only three games for the Texans, including two starts at quarterback. Later years, family and honors
After his football career ended, Ortmann accepted a job with a Chicago nonferrous metals company owned by former Michigan All-American Ernie Vick.Ortmann retired in 1991 and moved to Savannah, Georgia. He was married to his high school sweetheart from Milwaukee, <mask>; they had four children. They settled in Glen Ellyn, where <mask> established a youth football program. Together with Tom Hoffman, <mask> coached both the Churchill Blue Raiders and Glen Ellyn Rams. During the Rams' first year, Larry Krupp served as student manager of the team. In 2004, Ortmann was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor. Asked about the honor, Ortmann modestly said: "When fans start talking about putting an all-time Michigan team together, I think they're wrong to pick someone from the old era.I led the Big Ten one year with 750 yards running and passing. A guy like John Navarre has as many yards and passes in a game as I did in a season. Guys I played with were as good as they come, but nothing like the players today. Dominic Tomasi was a lineman at 5-8 and 180 pounds. They have cheerleaders that big today." Ortmann died on March 7, 2018, in Gig Harbor, Washington, at the age of 88. References

1929 births
2018 deaths
American football halfbacks
Dallas Texans (NFL) players
Michigan Wolverines football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Milwaukee

masks:
. Ortmann
Chuck
Chuck Ortman
Betty Ortmann
Chuck
Chuck


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<mask>,  (; 12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006), commonly known as P. W. and  (The Big Crocodile), was a South African politician. He served as the last prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president of South Africa from 1984 to 1989. First elected to Parliament in 1948, <mask> was an outspoken opponent of black majority rule and international communism. However, his administration did make concessions towards political reform, whereas internal unrest saw widespread human rights abuses at the hands of the government. <mask> resigned as leader of the ruling National Party (NP) in February 1989 after suffering a stroke and six months later was also coerced to leave the presidency. In F. W. de Klerk's 1992 apartheid referendum, Botha campaigned for a No vote and denounced De Klerk's administration as irresponsible for opening the door to black majority rule. In early 1998, when Botha refused to testify at the Mandela government's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), he was supported by the far-right Conservative Party, which had earlier contested his rule as the official opposition.For his refusal, he was fined and given a suspended jail sentence. The sentence was overturned on appeal. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on a farm in the Paul Roux district of the Orange Free State Province (now Free State Province), the son of Afrikaner parents. His father, <mask> <mask> Sr., fought as a commando against the British in the Second Boer War. His mother, Hendrina <mask> (née <mask>), was interned in a British concentration camp during the war. Botha initially attended the Paul Roux School and matriculated from Voortrekker Secondary School in Bethlehem, South Africa. In 1934, he entered the Grey University College (now the University of the Free State) in Bloemfontein to study law, but left early at the age of twenty in order to pursue a career in politics.He began working for the National Party as a political organiser in the neighbouring Cape Province. In the run-up to World War II, <mask> joined the Ossewabrandwag, a right-wing Afrikaner nationalist group which was sympathetic to the German Nazi Party; but months after the German attack on the USSR, <mask> condemned the Ossewabrandwag and changed his ideological allegiance to Christian nationalism. In 1943, <mask> married Anna Elizabeth Rossouw (Elize). The couple had two sons and three daughters. Parliamentary career
At age 30, <mask> was elected head of the National Party Youth in 1946, and two years later was elected to the House of Assembly as representative of George in the southern Cape Province in the general election which saw the beginning of the National Party's 46-year tenure in power. His opponent in the 1948 election was <mask> from the United Party. In 1958 <mask> was appointed Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs by Hendrik Verwoerd, and in 1961 was appointed to the new Department of Coloured Affairs and became Minister of Community Development.In 1966, <mask> was appointed Minister of Defence by Verwoerd and served under the government of John Vorster, upon Verwoerd's murder later that year. Under his 14 years in charge of the ministry, the South African Defence Force (SADF) reached a zenith, at times consuming 20% of the national budget, compared to 1.3% in 1968, and was involved in the South African Border War. When Vorster resigned following allegations of his involvement in the Muldergate Scandal in 1978, <mask> was elected as his successor by the National Party caucus, besting the electorate's favourite, 45-year-old Foreign Minister <mask> <mask>. In the final internal ballot, he beat Connie Mulder, the scandal's namesake, in a 78–72 vote. Botha was keen to promote constitutional reform, and hoped to implement a form of federal system in South Africa that would allow for greater "self-rule" for black homelands (or Bantustans), while still retaining the supremacy of a white central government, and foremost expand the rights of Coloureds (South Africans of mixed ancestry) and Asians in order to widen support for the government. Upon enacting the reforms, he remarked in the House of Assembly; "We must adapt or die." Upon becoming Prime Minister, <mask> retained the defence portfolio until October 1980, when he appointed SADF Chief General Magnus Malan, his successor.From his ascension to the cabinet, Botha pursued an ambitious military policy designed to increase South Africa's military capability. He sought to improve relations with the West – especially the United States – but with mixed results. He argued that the preservation of the apartheid government, though unpopular, was crucial to stemming the tide of African Communism, which had made in-roads into neighbouring Angola and Mozambique after these two former Portuguese colonies obtained independence. As Prime Minister and later State President, <mask>'s greatest parliamentary opponents were Harry Schwarz and Helen Suzman of the Progressive Federal Party until 1987, when his former cabinet colleague Andries Treurnicht's new Conservative Party became the official opposition on a strictly anti-concessionist agenda. In 1977, as Minister of Defence, Botha began a secret nuclear weapons program, which culminated in the manufacture of six nuclear bombs, destroyed only in the early 1990s. He remained steadfast in South Africa's administration of neighbouring territory South-West Africa, particularly while there was a presence of Cuban troops in Angola to the north. Botha was responsible for introducing the notorious Koevoet police counter-insurgency unit.He was also instrumental in building the SADF's strength, adding momentum to establishing units such as 32 Battalion. South African intervention, with support of the rebel UNITA movement (led by Dr. Jonas Savimbi, a personal friend), in the Angolan Civil War continued until the late 1980s, terminating with the Tripartite Accord. To maintain the nation's military strength, a very strict draft was implemented to enforce compulsory military service for white South African men. State President

In 1983, Botha proposed a new constitution, which was then put to a vote of the white population. Though it did not implement a federal system as established in 1961, it implemented what was ostensibly a power-sharing agreement with Coloureds and Indians. The new constitution created two new houses of parliament alongside the existing, white-only House of Assembly—the House of Representatives for Coloureds and the House of Delegates for Indians. The three chambers of the new Tricameral Parliament had sole jurisdiction over matters relating to their respective communities.Legislation affecting "general affairs," such as foreign policy and race relations, had to pass all three chambers after consideration by joint standing committees. The plan included no chamber or system of representation for the black majority. Each Black ethno-linguistic group was allocated a 'homeland' which would initially be a semi-autonomous area. However, blacks were legally considered citizens of the Bantustans, not of South Africa, and were expected to exercise their political rights there. Bantustans were expected to gradually move towards a greater state of independence with sovereign nation status being the final goal. During <mask>'s tenure, Ciskei, Bophutatswana and Venda all achieved nominal nationhood. These new countries, set up within the borders of South Africa, never gained international recognition, and economically all remained heavily dependent on South Africa.Over half of the Bantustans, most notably KwaZulu led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi, rejected independence due to their leaders' commitment to opposing Apartheid from within. The new constitution also changed the executive branch from the parliamentary system that had been in place in one form or another since 1910, to a presidential system. The prime minister's post was abolished, and its functions were merged with those of the state president, which became an executive post with sweeping powers. He was elected by an electoral college whose members were elected by the three chambers of the Parliament. The state president and cabinet had sole jurisdiction over "general affairs." Disputes between the three chambers regarding "general affairs" were resolved by the President's Council, composed of members from the three chambers and members directly appointed by the state president. In practice, the composition of the President's Council and the electoral college made it impossible for the Coloured and Indian chambers to outvote the white chamber on any substantive matter, even if they voted as a bloc.Thus, the real power remained in white hands—and in practice, in the hands of Botha's National Party, which commanded a large majority in the white chamber. Though the new constitution was criticised by the black majority for failing to grant them any formal role in government, many international commentators praised it as a "first step" in what was assumed to be a series of reforms. On 14 September 1984, <mask> was elected as the first state president under the newly approved constitution. Implementing the presidential system was seen as a key step in consolidating Botha's personal power. In previous years, he had succeeded in getting a number of strict laws that limited freedom of speech through parliament, and thus suppressed criticism of government decisions. In many western countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom (where the Anti-Apartheid Movement was based) and the Commonwealth, there was much debate over the imposition of economic sanctions in order to weaken Botha and undermine the white regime. By the late 1980s – as foreign investment in South Africa declined – disinvestment began to have a serious effect on the nation's economy.Apartheid government

<mask> undertook some superficial changes to apartheid practices. He legalised interracial marriage and so-called miscegenation, both completely banned since the late 1940s. The constitutional prohibition on multiracial political parties was lifted. He also relaxed the Group Areas Act, which

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de Wet
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 barred non-whites from living in certain areas. In 1988, a new law created "Open Group Areas" or racially mixed neighbourhoods but these neighbourhoods had to receive a Government permit, had to have the support of the local whites immediately concerned, and had to be an upper-class neighbourhood in a major city in order to be awarded a permit. In 1983, the aforementioned constitutional reforms granted limited political rights to "Coloureds" and "Indians". <mask> also became the first South African government leader to authorise contacts with Nelson Mandela, the imprisoned leader of the African National Congress (ANC).Even these meager reforms went too far for a group of NP hardliners, led by former Education Minister Andries Treurnicht. In 1982, the group broke away to form the Conservative Party. However, they did not even begin to meet the demands of the opposition. In the face of rising discontent and violence, Botha refused to cede political power to blacks and imposed greater security measures against anti-apartheid activists. Botha also refused to negotiate with the ANC. In 1985, <mask> delivered the Rubicon speech, a policy address in which he refused to give in to demands by the black population, including the release of Mandela. Botha's defiance of international opinion further isolated South Africa, leading to economic sanctions and a rapid decline in the value of the rand.The following year, when the United States introduced the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, Botha declared a nationwide state of emergency. He is famously quoted during this time as saying, "This uprising will bring out the beast in us". As economic and diplomatic actions against South Africa increased, civil unrest spread amongst the black population, supported by the ANC and neighbouring black-majority governments. On 16 May 1986, Botha publicly warned neighbouring states against engaging in "unsolicited interference" in South Africa's affairs. Four days later, Botha ordered air strikes against selected targets in Lusaka, Harare, and Gaborone, including the offices of exiled ANC activists. Botha charged that these raids were just a "first installment" and showed that "South Africa has the capacity and the will to break the [ANC]." In spite of the concessions made by Botha, the apartheid years under his leadership were by far the most brutal.Thousands were detained without trial during <mask>'s presidency, while others were tortured and killed. The TRC found Botha responsible for gross violations of human rights. He was also found to have directly authorised "unlawful activity which included killing." Botha declined to apologise for apartheid. In a 2006 interview to mark his 90th birthday, he suggested that he had no regrets about the way he had run the country. Botha denied that he had ever considered black South Africans to be in any way inferior to whites, but conceded that "some" whites did hold that view. He also claimed that the racial segregation laws of apartheid "started in Lord Milner’s time" and the National Party merely inherited them; however, <mask> conceded that the Afrikaner population had been "happy to perpetuate [apartheid]", as many of them "were, and some of them still are... 'racists at heart'".Resignation
State President <mask>'s loss of influence can be directly attributed to decisions taken at the Ronald Reagan/Mikhail Gorbachev summit of the leaders of the US and the Soviet Union in Moscow (29 May – 1 June 1988) that paved the way to resolving the problem of Namibia which, according to foreign minister <mask> <mask>, was destabilising the region and "seriously complicating" the major issue which South Africa itself would shortly have to face. Soviet military aid would cease and Cuban troops be withdrawn from Angola as soon as South Africa complied with UN Security Council Resolution 435 by relinquishing control of Namibia and allowing UN-supervised elections there. The Tripartite Agreement, which gave effect to the Reagan/Gorbachev summit decisions, was signed at UN headquarters in New York on 22 December 1988 by representatives of Angola, Cuba and South Africa. On 18 January 1989, <mask> (then aged 73) suffered a mild stroke which prevented him from attending a meeting with Namibian political leaders on 20 January 1989. <mask>'s place was taken by acting president J. Christiaan Heunis. On 2 February 1989, <mask> resigned as leader of the National Party (NP), anticipating his nominee – finance minister Barend <mask> – would succeed him. Instead, the NP's parliamentary caucus selected as leader education minister F. W. de Klerk, who moved quickly to consolidate his position within the party.In March 1989, the NP elected De Klerk as state president but Botha refused to resign, saying in a television address that the constitution entitled him to remain in office until March 1990 and that he was even considering running for another five-year term. Following a series of acrimonious meetings in Cape Town, and five days after UNSCR 435 was implemented in Namibia on 1 April 1989, <mask> and De Klerk reached a compromise: <mask> would retire after the parliamentary elections in September, allowing de Klerk to take over as state president. However, <mask> abruptly resigned from the state presidency on 14 August 1989, complaining that he had not been consulted by De Klerk over his scheduled visit to see President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia:
"The ANC is enjoying the protection of president Kaunda and is planning insurgency activities against South Africa from Lusaka", Botha declared on nationwide television. He said he had asked the cabinet what reason he should give the public for abruptly leaving office. "They replied I could use my health as an excuse. To this, I replied that I am not prepared to leave on a lie. It is evident to me that after all these years of my best efforts for the National Party and for the government of this country, as well as the security of our country, I am being ignored by ministers serving in my cabinet."De Klerk was sworn in as acting state president on 14 August 1989 and the following month was nominated by the electoral college to succeed Botha in a five-year term as state president. De Klerk soon announced the removal of legislation against anti-apartheid groups – including the African National Congress – and the release of Nelson Mandela. De Klerk's term saw the dismantling of the apartheid system and negotiations that eventually led to South Africa's first racially inclusive democratic elections on 27 April 1994. In a statement on the death of Botha in 2006, De Klerk said:
"Personally, my relationship with P. W<mask> was often strained. I did not like his overbearing leadership style and was opposed to the intrusion of the State Security Council system into virtually every facet of government. After I became leader of the National Party in February 1989, I did my best to ensure that P. W<mask> would be able to end his term as president with full dignity and decorum. Unfortunately, this was not to be."Retirement
<mask> and his wife Elize retired to their home, Die Anker, in the town of Wilderness,  from the city of George and located on the Indian Ocean coast of the Western Cape. Elize died in 1997, and he later married Barbara Robertson, a legal secretary 25 years his junior, on 22 June 1998. Botha remained largely out of sight of the media and it was widely believed that he remained opposed to many of F. W. de Klerk's reforms. He resigned from the Afrikaner Broederbond. Botha refused to testify at the new government's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), set up to expose apartheid-era crimes and chaired by his cultural and political nemesis, Archbishop Desmond Tutu. The TRC found that he had ordered the 1988 bombing of the South African Council of Churches headquarters in Johannesburg. In August 1998, he was fined and given a suspended jail sentence for his refusal to testify on human rights violations and violence sanctioned by the State Security Council (SSC) which he, as president until 1989, had directed.In June 1999, <mask> successfully appealed to the High Court against his conviction and sentence. The Court's ruling by Judge Selikowitz (with Judge Foxcroft concurring) found that the notice served on Botha to appear before the TRC was technically invalid. Death
<mask> died of a heart attack at his home in Wilderness on Tuesday 31 October 2006, aged 90. His death was met with magnanimity by many of his former opponents. Former President Nelson Mandela was reported as saying "while to many Mr. Botha will remain a symbol of apartheid, we also remember him for the steps he took to pave the way towards the eventual peacefully negotiated settlement in our country". President Thabo Mbeki announced that flags would be flown at half mast to mark the death of a former head of state. The offer of a state funeral was declined by <mask>'s family, and a private funeral was held on 8 November in the town of George, where <mask>'s body was buried.Mbeki attended the funeral. Awards
 : Order of Propitious Clouds with Special Grand Cordon (1980)

References

Further reading

<mask>'s last interview before he died
The Mandela Document, dated prior to Mandela's release
"Fighter and Reformer: Extracts from the Speeches of P. W. Botha", Compiled by J.J.J. Scholtz, Published: Bureau for Information, Pretoria, 1989
The life and times of <mask> <mask> – IOL
PW, Tambo 'partners in peace' – News24
'He was my bread and botha' (By artists) – Mail&Guardian
Zuma on PW: 'He saw the need for change' – Mail&Guardian
Thabo Mbeki on PW – Moneyweb

1916 births
2006 deaths
People from Dihlabeng Local Municipality
Afrikaner people
South African people of Dutch descent
Members of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)
National Party (South Africa) politicians
State Presidents of South Africa
Prime Ministers of South Africa
Defence ministers of South Africa
Members of the House of Assembly of South Africa
Apartheid government
South African anti-communists
South African collaborators with Nazi Germany
University of the Free State alumni
Heads of government who were later imprisoned
Burials in South

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du Plessis
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<mask> (25 October 1924 – 19 January 2000) was a Welsh international rugby union scrum-half who played club rugby for Cardiff and invitational rugby for the Barbarians. He won 21 caps for Wales and was selected to play in the British Lions on the 1950 tour of Australia and New Zealand. He played the last half-hour of the 1952 Five Nations Championship against Scotland with his jaw broken in several places. Rugby career

Early career
<mask> was educated in England before boarding at The Cathedral School, Llandaff, and at Pangbourne Nautical College in Berkshire. During WW2 he served in the Royal Navy. He returned to Wales once he was demobilised. He initially joined Cardiff based rugby club Llandaff before later switching to Cardiff RFC.At Cardiff he was the under-study for Welsh captain, Haydn Tanner and would cover his position while Tanner was away on international duties. During this period <mask> linked up with fellow Rhondda born Cardiff player, Cliff Morgan, a relationship that would last throughout their club and country careers. When Tanner retired during the 1949/50 season, <mask> was promoted into his position and gained regular first-class rugby. Although ignored for Welsh trials during 1949, the disastrous Five Nations Championship of that year forced the selectors to look for a new half-back partnership. <mask> was chosen alongside team mate Billy Cleaver to face England at Twickenham in the opening game of the 1950 Championship in front of the largest crowd ever seen to date at the stadium. <mask> had an excellent match, releasing Cleaver, who in turn controlled the match which saw Wales win the game. In the next game against Scotland, <mask> protected Cleaver from the Scottish back row which resulted in Cleaver scoring a drop goal.With tries from Thomas and Ken Jones Wales ran in easy winners after subduing the Scottish pack in the first half of the game. <mask> kept his place for the next game in a narrow win against Ireland, which saw Wales lift the Triple Crown, and in the final game, victory over France resulted in the first Grand Slam for Wales since 1911. British Lions
After his performance during the Championship, <mask>, along with Cardiff backs Cleaver, Jones, Williams and Matthews, was chosen for the British Lions in their 1950 tour of Australia and New Zealand. Unfortunately for <mask>, the excellent Rimmer and Black were also on the tour and were picked ahead of <mask>. The tactical spoiling of the All Blacks was too much for the smaller scrum-halves, and <mask> was drafted in for the Fourth Test at Auckland, and retained his place for the final two tests in Australia. <mask> was back for all four matches in the 1951 Five Nations Championship again under the captaincy of John Gwilliam, who had led the team to their Grand Slam victory the previous year. <mask> was now partnered with Cliff Morgan at Cardiff, but with Wales he linked up with Glyn Davies.Morale was high after a one sided affair in their opening game against England, but <mask> experienced his first loss with Wales when the team was beaten 19–0 by an inexperienced Scottish team. Despite the loss the Welsh selectors kept faith with the players for the next match, dropping only one player, <mask>'s partner, Davies. This allowed the introduction of Morgan, who gained his first cap in a three all draw with Ireland. Against South Africa and New Zealand
Towards the end on 1951, <mask> faced the touring South African's in three games. The first was for Cardiff in October, when at the Cardiff Arms Park, his club team lost by a single point. <mask> faced the same team two months later when he was selected to represent Wales against the tourists. It was a game Wales should have won, but the backs, and specifically Cliff Morgan played a poor kicking game that wasted excellent work by the Welsh pack.In his last game against South Africa, <mask> was chosen for the invitational Barbarians team in the final match of the tour and for the third time <mask> found himself on the losing side. <mask> played only two games of the 1952 Five Nations Championship, but played his part in a second Grand Slam winning year. He was instrumental in allowing Morgan to regain his form through his defensive shielding of his club partner during the first game against England; but after breaking his jaw in the Scottish game missed the final two matches of the tournament. In the 1953 Championship he was considered not fit enough to face England, and was forced to leave the field when he injured his shoulder against Scotland. As in 1951, <mask> was chosen to face another touring team on three occasions in 1953, when Cardiff, Wales and the Barbarians played the All Blacks. Unlike the South African games though, in two of these games <mask> was on the victorious side. For Cardiff, <mask> was at his best while in the game for Wales, <mask> and Morgan were focused and steady, and in the last ten minutes shepherded their country to its final win over New Zealand that century.The Barbarians were not so successful, losing 5–19, though <mask> was given the privilege of captaining the team. Wales captaincy and later career
<mask> was selected for all four matches of the 1954 Five Nations Championship and although losing the opening game to England, the team won the overall Championship on score difference. In the third match of the tournament against France, <mask> was awarded the captaincy. The captaincy switched from Ken Jones to Bleddyn Williams before <mask> was given the captaincy again in the second match of the 1955 Championship versus Scotland. It was the only match Wales lost that year, but did not stop them winning the tournament for the fourth time that decade. The final Welsh game of 1955 was also the last for <mask>, though he continued playing for Cardiff until the end of the 1957/58 season. In 1955 he turned down an invite to tour again with the British Lions, even though there was supposed to be a bar on inviting players over the age of thirty.International matches played
Wales
  1950, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955
  1950, 1951, 1954, 1955
  1950, 1951, 1954, 1955
  1953
  1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955
  1951

British Lions
  1950, 1950
  1950
He was the son of Cinema owner William Elias <mask> and became a director of Willis Cinemas Ltd which had offices above the Globe Cinema, Wellfield Road, Penylan. References

Bibliography

External links
Mention of <mask>' death

1924 births
2000 deaths
Barbarian F.C. players
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Wales
Cardiff RFC players
Llandaff RFC players
People educated at Pangbourne College
People educated at The Cathedral School, Llandaff
Royal Navy personnel of World War II
Rugby union players from Ystrad
Rugby union scrum-halves
Wales international rugby union players
Wales rugby union captains
Welsh rugby union players

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William Rex Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
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<mask>. (born 1 October 1961), is a former professional Australian rules footballer who represented  and  in the Australian Football League (AFL). Nicknamed "God", Ablett is widely regarded as one of Australian football's greatest players, and was especially renowned for his high-flying spectacular marks and his prolific goalkicking. After playing for several country teams in and around his hometown of Drouin, Victoria, <mask> was recruited by Hawthorn and made his Victorian Football League (VFL) debut in 1982. However, he struggled to adjust to city life and retreated to Myrtleford the following year. The Geelong Football Club managed to lure him back to professional football in 1984, and by the late 80s, he had become one of the VFL's biggest stars. His 1989 VFL Grand Final appearance, during which he kicked a grand final record nine goals for a losing side, is regarded as one of football's greatest individual performances, earning him the Norm Smith Medal. At the beginning of the 1991 season, Ablett shocked the football world by abruptly announcing his retirement from the game, but made a comeback midway through the year.He went on to appear in the 1992, 1994, and 1995 grand finals, before officially retiring after the 1996 season. <mask>'s individual accolades and achievements include an induction into the Australian Football Hall of Fame, an AFL Team of the Century selection, the 1993 AFL Players Association MVP award (now known as the Leigh Matthews Trophy), and three Coleman Medals. He remains Geelong's all-time leading goalkicker, with 1021 goals; and, in 2006, was voted by past and present Geelong Football Club players as the greatest Geelong footballer of all time. Early life

Born in Drouin to Alfred and Colleen <mask>, <mask> grew up in Gippsland, Victoria alongside his four elder brothers and three sisters. Ablett displayed a love for sport at an early age, winning the state school high jump at 10 years of age. He was also awarded both club and competition best and fairest awards for Drouin at the under-11s, under-12s and under-14s levels. After his interest waned in attending school, Ablett dropped out of high school at 15 to become a bricklayer's labourer.He also began to concentrate on his football and joined his brothers in the Drouin senior team at just 16 years of age. After appearing in several country league representative games, the Hawthorn Football Club, which had already signed <mask>'s elder brothers Geoff and Kevin onto their lists, invited him to play reserves football. Career

AFL

The Hawthorn experience (1981–1983)
After signing a reserves contract and featuring in six reserves games for Hawthorn, <mask> retreated back to his home in Drouin. He returned to Hawthorn in 1982 and made his senior VFL debut versus Geelong in Round 2, kicking 1 goal and helping the Hawks defeat the Cats by 19 points. He played a further five games for Hawthorn that year for a total of six games and ten goals. Ablett claimed difficulty coping with city life in Melbourne and his continual absenteeism from training sessions forced Hawthorn coach, Allan Jeans into parting ways with the talented, but wayward young half forward. In 1983, he moved with his young family to the country town of Myrtleford.<mask> spent the year playing under the tutelage of his cousin <mask> for Myrtleford in the Ovens and Murray Football League. <mask>'s footballing ability soon came on notice again, this time to the Geelong Football Club and their long-time recruiting officer Bill McMaster. McMaster convinced Ablett to give the game another shot, this time in the confines of the rural city of Geelong. After protracted negotiations with Hawthorn, Geelong finally paid a $60,000 transfer for Ablett in 1984. The early years at Geelong (1984–1988)
<mask> signed a one-year contract for the 1984 season with Geelong, and he began his first season under the guidance of Tom Hafey. He debuted for the Cats in Round 7 and after just nine games on the wing, Ablett was selected to his first State of Origin game for Victoria. Ablett earned best-on-ground honours after kicking 8 goals from the half-forward flank.He played 15 games and kicked 33 goals in the 1984 season, and was awarded the Carji Greeves Medal as the Geelong Football Club's "best and fairest" player of the year. Following his first season with Geelong, <mask> signed a new three-year contract with the club. Playing mostly on the half forward flank, Ablett won the club's goalkicking award for the following two seasons with 82 and 65 goals respectively. Although Ablett had developed a reputation for his laconic, lazy attitude to training under coach John Devine, this did not prevent him from earning top three placings in the best and fairest awards from 1985 to 1987. With his contract expiring at the conclusion of the 1987 season, <mask> shocked the VFL by signing a new five-year contract with his former club, Hawthorn. After a "cooling-off" period, however, Ablett opted to remain with Geelong by agreeing to a lucrative five-year contract that tied him to the club for the long-term. Ablett began the 1988 season with 59 goals after just 11 games, placing him second on the goalkicking list behind Hawthorn's Jason Dunstall.In these games, he kicked 10 goals against Richmond in the Anzac Day game, and 11 against Brisbane—one shy of breaking the ground record of 12 goals at Carrara. Although he missed out on State honours and failed to place within the top three in the club best and fairest award, Ablett finished with 82 goals during the season for the second time in his career. A September to remember (1989–1990)

The 1989 season was marked by the arrival of Ablett's third coach, former North Melbourne Brownlow Medallist Malcolm Blight. Ablett helped the Cats reach the finals on the back of a ten match winning streak to end the regular season. In a 134-point victory against Richmond, Ablett scored 14 goals, breaking a 22-year club record, and moving club legend and former club premiership coach Bobby Davis to laud Ablett as the equal of the legendary Graham 'Polly' Farmer, the finest footballers he had seen at Geelong. His season lowlight occurred in Round 12 when he was suspended for 3 matches after he controversially felled the Melbourne captain, <mask> behind the play. In his first ever final, the Qualifying Final at the MCG versus Essendon, <mask> kicked three goals, but this was not enough.The Bombers humbled Geelong by 76 points to force the Cats into a sudden-death Semi Final showdown with Melbourne. The Cats posted a 63-point win against the Demons. <mask> kicked seven goals, and helped set up another meeting with Essendon in the Preliminary Final. Ablett kicked 8 goals this time, as the Cats crushed Essendon by 94 points to advance to their first grand final since 1967. Against the reigning premiers Hawthorn in the 1989 VFL Grand Final, Ablett asserted himself from the opening bounce, leading out from full forward, marking the first centre clearance kick and slotting through the game's first goal. By half-time, <mask> had kicked four goals, but the Cats trailed at the main break by 37 points. <mask> kicked a further five goals in the second half, which saw an injury-depleted Hawthorn's lead reduced to just 6 points with less than a minute to go.However, the Cats fell short, and Hawthorn held on to defeat Geelong in one of the toughest grand finals of the modern era, winning by 6 points. <mask>'s performance in kicking 9 goals earned him the Norm Smith Medal, and in doing so became only the second member of the losing team in VFL/AFL history to be awarded the honour – a performance regarded by many as unrivalled on football's biggest stage. <mask>'s 9 goals also saw him equal Gordon Coventry's goals record set in the 1928 Grand Final. Shock retirement and return (1991–1992)

On 1 February 1991, <mask>, aged 29, stunned most football fans when he announced his retirement, citing personal reasons and a loss of enjoyment for the game. His previous season in 1990 was marred by injury, dipping motivation, and personal issues, including a separation from his wife. He was eventually encouraged to reverse his decision and he made his return in Round 12 for the Geelong reserves team. This generated enormous media interest and drew an abnormally large crowd for the curtain-raiser game at Princes Park.<mask> was named in the senior side for the following game against , which drew a crowd of over 40,000 to the MCG. He had ten possessions and kicked two goals, one of them an important steadier for the Cats in the last quarter after the Demons had closed to within 24 points. Due to his late season start and lack of conditioning, it was probably no surprise that Ablett failed to recapture his best form, ending his season on a sour note when he was suspended for striking St Kilda rover Nathan Burke in the first week of the finals, and he subsequently missed Geelong's finals defeats to Hawthorn and West Coast. Ablett put the disappointment of 1991 behind him, and he dedicated himself to improving his fitness base ahead of the 1992 season. A consistent first half of the year helped the Cats achieve an 11–3 record, eventually earning them a spot in the grand final—this time against the West Coast Eagles. After establishing a two-goal lead at half-time, the Cats failed to sustain their momentum during the second half, eventually going down by 28 points to the fast-finishing Eagles. <mask>, who finished with 3 goals, had again failed to finish the year with the same good form in which he had begun it.One special season (1993)

Before the 1993 season, <mask> was encouraged by his coach, Malcolm Blight, to move from his customary roaming half-forward position to full-forward, in an effort to prolong his career. The move up forward proved to be a master-stroke, with <mask> thriving in his goal-kicking role, reaching the 50-goal mark in just six games, equalling the sixty-year record of South Melbourne legend Bob Pratt. He brought up his maiden century of goals in the season just eight games later, one game slower than record-holder Pratt, and became the first Geelong player to kick 100 goals in a season since Larry Donohue in 1976. Although the Cats did not make the Finals, <mask>'s new-found dominance up forward was highlighted during the season with his bags of ten or more goals on five occasions, including a 14-goal performance against Essendon in Round 6. His end-of-season total of 124 goals, achieved in just 17 appearances, earned him his first Coleman Medal as the League's leading goal-scorer, the Leigh Matthews Trophy, the AFMA Player of the Year Award, and a top-ten placing in the Brownlow Medal. 1993 to 1996

<mask> continued his dominance as a full-forward in 1994 and 1995 by winning the Coleman Medal in each year. <mask> is the only player in VFL/AFL history to kick 100 goals and win the Coleman Medal in three successive seasons.In addition to his explosive pace and skills, <mask> was also an accomplished aerialist with strong hands. A highlight was the 1994 Mark of the Year over Collingwood's <mask> on Mother's Day at the MCG, a mark which is captured in Jamie Cooper's painting the Game That Made Australia, commissioned by the AFL in 2008 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the sport. There is still debate over whether he had enough control of the ball to be paid a mark. In early 1996, <mask> was suspended for five games for striking St Kilda's 172 cm Kristian Bardsley with a raised forearm. He later remarked that his lengthy suspension was the "beginning of the end", and he finished out the season with 69 goals in 17 games. His last AFL appearance was against North Melbourne in a Qualifying Final in 1996. Ablett managed to kick only one goal in a disappointing 60-point loss.In October 1996, he missed Geelong's first training session and was fined $10,000. On 22 November 1996, <mask> was admitted to hospital with a severe bout of gastro. On 28 November, <mask> faced traffic charges. 1997 end of career
<mask> was ready to start the serious training with the club by the first week of January. By February, it was reported that he was still under pressure to improve his fitness. In March, Geelong confirmed that <mask> would play in 1997. On Sunday, 31 March 1997, Ablett played in the reserves against Richmond.<mask> booted 7 goals but injured his knee. Three days later, on 3 April, he underwent arthroscopic surgery. In early June, <mask> had still not recovered; he faced knee surgery. During the preliminary finals in September, he announced his retirement from football. State of Origin
<mask> had a prolific State of Origin career, kicking 43 goals in 11 games. He was first selected to play for Victoria in 1984, against Western Australia, only nine games into his career at Geelong, kicking 8 goals in a best-on-ground performance. He performed well again the following year, kicking 4 goals against South Australia.In the following few years <mask> was largely out of the side, apart from 1987, when he kicked 2 goals against South Australia. <mask> again performed at the highest level in 1990, kicking 6 goals, against Western Australia in Perth. After returning from retirement midway through 1991, and after only several games, <mask> was controversially selected for Victoria, kicking 2 goals. In 1992 <mask> performed well, kicking 3 goals and being named among the best players, against Western Australia. In 1993, he kicked 4 goals, against a combined New South Wales–Australian Capital Territory side, and in the same year <mask> again performed on the big stage, kicking 5 goals in the State of Origin Carnival Grand Final. In 1994, he kicked 4 goals, against South Australia, in

masks:
Gary Ablett Sr
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Gary Ablett
Gary
Ablett
Ablett
Len Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Gary Lyon
Gary Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Gary Pert
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Gary
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett


text_chunks:
 what has been regarded as "one of the greatest Australian football games of all time" and followed up that performance with 4 goals against South Australia in 1995. On representing Victoria, <mask> has said "I've always found it a tremendous honour to represent your state, in a State of Origin game".Legacy
Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats. A noted big game player, Ablett kicked 43 goals in 11 State appearances. More significantly, he booted 64 goals over the course of his 16 finals – an average of four goals a game. His haul of 27 goals in the 1989 finals series is a record that still stands. He was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for his performance in the 1989 Grand Final, where he was adjudged best player afield. In doing so, he became one of only four players (the others being Maurice Rioli −1982, Nathan Buckley −2002, and Chris Judd −2005) to win the medal playing for the losing side. In 1996, Ablett joined Gordon Coventry, Doug Wade, Jason Dunstall and Tony Lockett as the only players in league history to kick 1000 VFL/AFL goals.Martin Flanagan's representation of Australian football pioneer Tom Wills in his 1996 novel The Call is modeled on Ablett. According to Flanagan, Wills and Ablett polarised opinion in similar ways, and displayed a lack of insight into their actions—they simply did what came naturally to them, "like a lot of artists". <mask> is the subject of the song "Kicking the Footy with God", released by The Bedroom Philosopher on his 2005 debut album In Bed with My Doona. In 1996, <mask> was named in the AFL Team of the Century on the interchange bench, alongside Jack Dyer and Greg Williams. In 2001, <mask> was named in the Geelong Team of the Century, on a half forward flank. In 2005, after many years of controversy and debate (see below), he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame. The following year, he was honoured yet again when he was voted as the Greatest Geelong player of all-time ahead of Graham Farmer.In 2006, <mask> was honoured with the naming of a terrace in his name within the newly renovated Skilled Stadium. <mask> once had a set of gates named in his honour, but he was upgraded to a terrace at the beginning of the 2006 AFL season. Induction into the Australian Football Hall of Fame
Despite his footballing achievements on the field, <mask>'s induction into the Australian Football Hall of Fame was initially delayed. Despite <mask>'s undoubted footballing credentials, his well-publicised contribution to the death of Alisha Horan was responsible for the Australian Football Hall of Fame committee's reluctance to induct him. In 2004, after several years of speculation over his induction, <mask> personally requested that the Geelong Football Club stop nominating him for selection, which the club agreed to. However, the following year it was announced that <mask> would be inducted into the Hall of Fame as part of the 2005 intake. Ablett did not attend the induction ceremony and instead released a statement through his then-manager, Michael Baker:
"Due to my current battle with depression I am not in a position to be able to accept this award in person.I did not make this decision lightly but due to medical advice it was deemed best for my health that I do not attend tonight. I feel blessed to have had the opportunity to play this great game and also to have played at the elite level alongside many celebrated champions. Being chosen to be inducted into the Hall of Fame is one of the highest honours a player could dream of. I thank those who deem me worthy enough to be placed alongside such respected company." Personal life
The youngest of eight children, Ablett grew up alongside four elder brothers and three elder sisters. In 1985, <mask> wed his long-time girlfriend Sue, and the couple had four children – Natasha, <mask>., Nathan, and Alisha. In 1986, <mask> became a born-again Christian and has been said to be slightly aggrieved at constantly being referred to as "God" by fans, a nickname based on his supreme football abilities.<mask>'s faith was often highlighted in several tribunal appearances, in one case confessing and pleading guilty to striking Garry Lyon in a 1989 incident, declaring he "wasn't prepared to lie about it or compromise the truth in [his] relationship with God". <mask>'s public acknowledgement of his faith, in particular the influence of God in his life, during his acceptance speech for the Norm Smith Medal in the 1989 Grand Final, was also much publicised. On 26 June 2006, <mask> was allegedly assaulted at 11:15pm while browsing through a car yard in Fyans Street, South Geelong. A 31-year-old Geelong man was charged with the assault. However, he was reported to have committed suicide on 10 July 2006 by jumping from a Melbourne high-rise apartment block the day before he was due to appear before the Geelong Magistrates court to defend the assault charges. In December 2007, Ablett hit back at media claims that his son Nathan had walked away from his football career because of the publicity surrounding the release of a new book about his father. Although normally reluctant to make public comments, Ablett felt that the media intrusion into his family life had gone too far.As part of a series of books, "Legends of Australian Sport", Ablett contributed to a book regarding himself. It was the first time he revealed intimate details regarding his life publicly. In September 2020, <mask> released a 27-minute YouTube video discussing his belief in the rapture as being forthcoming. In this video, he declared that the COVID-19 pandemic had been manufactured and released by the Illuminati and Freemasons in order to depopulate Earth, create a cashless society and "put Lucifer on the throne of the world". A footballing family
Two of <mask>'s brothers played in the Victorian Football League –  <mask>, who played for Hawthorn, Richmond and Geelong, and <mask>, who played for Hawthorn, Richmond and St Kilda. <mask>'s eldest son, <mask>., has followed in his footsteps to play for Geelong. In 2007 and 2009, <mask> Jr. won the Cats' best and fairest award, emulating a feat established by his father in his first season with the Cats back in 1984; he also won the Brownlow Medal in 2009 and 2013.Another son, Nathan, was drafted in 2004 (48th pick) by Geelong under the father-son rule. Nathan initially refused to play AFL Football because of his father's experience with the media, but, with encouragement from the club, was signed ahead of the 2005 AFL Season and established himself in the full forward role <mask>. made his own. On 29 September 2007, both <mask>. and Nathan contributed to Geelong winning its first flag in 44 years, capturing the premiership that proved elusive to <mask>nr in his 12 years at the club. Nathan retired suddenly before the 2008 season, but he and his brother <mask>. were members of the Gold Coast Football Club's inaugural team for the 2011 season. In addition to his sons, Ablett has a nephew, <mask>, who played for the Sydney Swans and won a premiership with them in 2005. Two other nephews, from his sister's marriage to Hawthorn legend Michael Tuck, also played in the AFL – Richmond's Shane Tuck and Travis Tuck, who played for Hawthorn. Criminal offences
Ablett had well-documented off-field problems, particularly with illegal drug use, and depression in the wake of the Alisha Horan death.In 1990, <mask> was placed on a $10,000 good behaviour bond after he pleaded guilty to repeatedly hitting a man he found sitting in a car with his estranged wife. In 2000, <mask> was investigated, charged and convicted of four drug offences as a result of nineteen-year-old Geelong woman Alisha Horan dying of a drug overdose (involving heroin, ecstasy and amphetamines) while in Ablett's hotel room. After a prolonged period of refusing to answer police questions and refusing to answer questions at an April 2001 inquest (on the grounds that he may incriminate himself) – <mask> later admitted to providing Horan with heroin and ecstasy. Horan had found a small quantity of heroin in Ablett's coat pocket and asked him what it was. Rather than admit that it was heroin, Ablett told her it was cocaine, which they both then ingested, leading to Horan's overdose. Ablett wasn't charged with manslaughter, but pleaded guilty to four lesser charges, was convicted, and fined $1500. Statistics

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1982
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 35 || 6 || 11 || 13 || 47 || 21 || 68 || 26 ||  || 1.5 || 2.2 || 7.8 || 3.5 || 11.3 || 4.3 ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1984
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 15 || 33 || 28 || 238 || 61 || 299 || 86 ||  || 2.2 || 1.9 || 15.9 || 4.1 || 19.9 || 5.7 ||
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1985
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 20 || 82 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 67 || 274 || 62 || 336 || 135 ||  || 4.1 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 3.4 || 13.7 || 3.1 || 16.8 || 6.8 ||
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1986
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 15 || 65 || 49 || 185 || 39 || 224 || 101 ||  || 4.3 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 3.3 || 12.3 || 2.6 || 14.9 || 6.7 ||
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1987
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 17 || 53 || 38 || 200 || 46 || 246 || 86 || 19 || 3.1 || 2.2 || 11.8 || 2.7 || 14.5 || 5.1 || 1.1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1988
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 21 || 82 || bgcolor="CFECEC"| 62 || 253 || 42 || 295 || 117 || 19 || 3.9 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 3.0 || 12.0 || 2.0 || 14.0 || 5.6 || 0.9
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1989
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 23 || 87 || 54 || 378 || 68 || 446 || 151 || 29 || 3.8 || 2.3 || 16.4 || 3.0 || 19.4 || 6.6 || 1.3
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1990
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 17 || 75 || 43 || 224 || 47 || 271 || 100 || 21 || 4.4 || 2.5 || 13.2 || 2.8 || 15.9 || 5.9 || 1.2
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1991
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 12 || 28 || 27 || 144 || 21 || 165 || 55 || 20 || 2.3 || 2.3 || 12.0 || 1.8 || 13.8 || 4.6 || 1.7
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1992
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 21 || 72 || 54 || 324 || 61 || 385 || 118 || 33 || 3.4 || 2.6 || 15.4 || 2.9 || 18.3 || 5.6 || 1.6
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1993
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 17 || bgcolor="CFECEC"| 124 || bgcolor="CFECEC"| 60 || 233 || 13 || 246 || 111 || 10 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 7.3 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 3.5 || 13.7 || 0.8 || 14.5 || 6.5 || 0.6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1994
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 25 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 129 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 79 || 263 || 30 || 293 || 130 || 15 || 5.2 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 3.2 || 10.5 || 1.2 || 11.7 || 5.2 || 0.6
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1995
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 22 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 122 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 85 || 264 || 19 || 283 || 148 || 18 || bgcolor="CFECEC"| 5.5 || bgcolor="DD6E81"| 3.9 || 12.0 || 0.9 || 12.9 || 6.7 || 0.8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1996
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 17 || 69 || 31 || 159 || 31 || 190 || 71 || 13 || 4.1 || 1.8 || 9.4 || 1.8 || 11.2 || 4.2 || 0.8
|- class="sortbottom"
!colspan=3| Career
! 248
! 1031
! 690
! 3186
! 561
! 3747
!1435
! 197
! 4.2
! 2.8
! 12.8
! 2.3
! 15.1
!5.8
! 1.0
|}

Honours and achievements
Team
 McClelland Trophy (): 1992

Individual
 Norm Smith Medal: 1989
 3× Coleman Medal: 1993, 1994, 1995
 4× All-Australian team: 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
 Carji Greeves Medal: 1984
 Leigh Matthews Trophy (AFL MVP Award): 1993
 9× Geelong leading goalkicker: 1985, 1986, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
 Geelong Team of the Century
 Geelong captain: 1995–1996
 2× Alex Jesaulenko Medal: 1985, 1994
 Geelong F.C. Hall of Fame
 Australian Sports Medal: 2000
 Centenary Medal: 2001
 Australian Football League Team of the Century 1897-1996
 VFL/AFL players with 1,000 goals
 8× State of Origin (Victoria): 1984, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 (c)
 Australian Football Media Association Player of the Year: 1993Australian Football Hall of Fame: 2005 Inductee5th on all-time leading goal-kickersAll-time leading goal kicker for Geelong F.C. (1021 goals)Only player to have won Coleman Medal and kicked 100 goals in three consecutive seasons (1993–1995)Oldest player to kick 100 goals in a season (33 years old in 1995)Most goals in an AFL/VFL Grand Final (9 goals in 1989 Grand Final)Most goals in an AFL/VFL finals series (27 goals in 1989)Highest goals-per-game ratio in Geelong F.C. history (4.22 goals per game)4-time runner-up in Carji Greeves Medal (1985, 1993, 1994, 1995)3-time third-place getter in Carji Greeves Medal (1986, 1989, 1990)'''

See also

After the siren kicks in Australian rules football
 Alf Williamson

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

Gary Ablett's profile at AustralianFootball.com

1961 births
Gary
All-Australians (AFL)
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Carji Greeves Medal winners
Coleman Medal winners
Geelong Football Club players
Hawthorn Football Club players
Leigh Matthews Trophy winners
Living people
Norm Smith Medal winners
Sportspeople from Geelong
Victorian State of Origin players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Myrtleford Football Club players
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Recipients of the Centenary Medal
Australian

masks:
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Gary Jr
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Kevin Ablett
Geoff Ablett
Ablett
Gary Jr
Ablett
Gary Sr
Gary Jr
Gary S
Gary Jr
Luke Ablett
Ablett
Ablett
Ablett


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<mask> (also spelled Karenina; born in Jakarta, 13 June 1986), an Indonesian American, was Miss Indonesia (DKI Jakarta) 2009. She represented Indonesia at the Miss World 2009 in South Africa in November–December the same year. Kerenina is of mixed descent, her mother is from Montana, United States and her father from Bandung, Indonesia, she has five siblings, and is number four in a family of six children. Education
Kerenina attended a Christian Boarding School in her early years from grade school until her senior high school graduation, and in her teen years actively participated in several humanitarian projects throughout the Indonesian archipelago. By the age of 22, Kerenina had received long-distance certificates in Marketing, Childhood Psychology and Teaching, Home Economics, and Contemporary Arts, all of which were issued by Christian Vocational Academy, a long-distance learning institution. In her last year of high school, Kerenina completed a performing arts course while she lived in Denpasar, Bali. She performed with a modern contemporary arts dance troupe which participated in several competitions, and attained first place in the Jakarta Arts festival 2001.In addition, she also took a music course in drums, and attended vocals lessons. During her first year of college, she spent a year in India, where she helped to set up a school for deaf children. She also played an active role in consolidating women's rights in the women's correctional institute in New Delhi. Early Years Career
At the age of 21, she moved out on her own and began to work independently, teaching for the next two years on subjects such a Character building and child psychology at a grade school in Jakarta, Sekolah Mentari. Kerenina also spent her spare time doing various TV commercials and modelling jobs, such as catwalks at fashion shows and photo spreads for fashion magazines. In April 2009, she auditioned for the Miss Indonesia 2009 competition and was selected as one of the 33 finalists to compete for the Miss Indonesia 2009 title. Kerenina was chosen to be the representative from DKI Jakarta and along with 32 other finalists began the two weeks quarantine preparation program leading up to the grand final event of the competition.Kerenina went on to win the title and was crowned a Miss Indonesia 2009, at the grand finale event on 5 June 2009. Within the same year Kerenina was also sent as the representative of Indonesia to compete in the Miss World competition, in November and December 2009. And was the first Indonesian ever to win top scores in all 5 Fast Track competitions of the miss world competition. Career
Kerenina is currently a young budding career woman and entrepreneur, and active in several charity and humanitarian organisations focusing on Education and Healthcare for underprivileged children around Indonesia. Kerenina is co-founder and partner of OYA Clinics Indonesia, a Medical and Healthcare Clinic located in Taman Sari Semanggi, South Jakarta and operating under the medical license of Yayasan Rumah Sakit MH Thamrin. OYA Clinic provides general healthcare services, Aesthetic services and treatments, an in-house Dental Clinic and IV Drip facilities for hangover and Sports applications, and Women and Children specialised healthcare services, as well as a developing Lab tests service for Hormone testing and Gut Flora imbalances. OYA Clinic also has a Humanitarian Aid project called OYA Peduli where they launched a Vaccine Campaign to provide free vaccine services for underprivileged children throughout Indonesia, and regularly help with free medical screening and medicinal care for orphaned and street children around Jakarta, Indonesia.Kerenina is also Head Of Corporate Communication in MFUN an ICO for the gaming industry and traded on the INDODAX and Cryptocurrency Exchange (MFUNN MOBILE MEDIA PRIVATE LIMITED) from January 2018 – Present. Kerenina is also an entrepreneur and investor in IMP Minerals, an open surface mine with high grade deposits of Lead, Zinc, Copper, Silver (PT Indo Mineralita Prima) from March 2018 – Present. (https://www.impminerals.com)

Early Years Humanitarian Aid Programs and Charitable Projects
Kerenina spent her first year of college in India, where she helped to set up a school for deaf children. She also played an active role in consolidating women's rights in the women's correctional institute in New Delhi. Kerenina then returned to Indonesia and helped build a School and Living Center in Solo, Central Java for the displaced children from Ambon where they were relocated to after the unrest and civil war in Ambon, in which most of the children lost their parents or several members of their family. In the aftermath of the catastrophic tsunami in Aceh in December 2004, Kerenina spent much of the following two years helping to rebuild Aceh. Being active in one of the first response disaster relief teams, she also, with the help of other organisations, founded projects such as, educational programs for the children in the displaced persons camps, organising the building and donating of over 100 fishing boats to the fishing villages within and surrounding Banda Aceh.She was key in the development of a mobile clinic project which provided the first and only free mobile health service in the area at that time, bringing free medical care and medicine to 15 villages within the Aceh region. >

Humanitarian Aid Organisations and Charitable Foundations
Kerenina is also co-founder of Yayasan Let's Share Indonesia. A charitable organisation founded by Kerenina and her two partners in 2014. Yayasan Let's Share is based in Jakarta, Indonesia focused on providing education and healthcare throughout Indonesia. Kerenina is also partner in Project Kooka, an initiative using Art for Charity, to fund education fees and scholarships for orphaned and street children throughout Jakarta, Indonesia. This project was established by Kerenina and her partner in 2017, which then went on to fund the building of a kindergarten school in west Sumba called Sekolah PAUD Melati I, in conjunction with Happy Hearts Foundation and Yayasan Putra Peduli. The school was launched and remains in operation since its official opening in January 2019.Kerenina also co-founded and manages OYA Clinic's Humanitarian Aid project called OYA Peduli where they launched a Vaccine Campaign to provide free vaccine services for underprivileged children throughout Indonesia, and regularly help with free medical screening and medicinal care for orphaned and street children around Jakarta, Indonesia. Certification
Kerenina is an Advanced Padi Certified AOW Diver, and has been avidly traveling and diving all over Indonesia. Kerenina received her Open Water Certification from Padi Dive Center in Indonesia in 2013, and began diving seriously since January 2018 to date. Kerenina currently holds a log of over 260 dives, and has dived in various locations and dive spots around Indonesia such as Raja Ampat, Labuan Bajo, Pulau Komodo, NTT, Nusa Penida, Crystal Bay, Bali, Morotai, Banda Neira, Bunaken, Manado, Pulo Cinta, Gorontalo, Gili, and Lombok. Competitions
Kerenina became a member of Bengkel Crossfit in January 2018 in Jakarta, Indonesia, and competed in her first International competition Called the Crossfit Open in April 2018, although she didn't finish due to a back injury she placed 14th overall for Woman's Scaled Category for the country of Indonesia. Later in the year, Kerenina participated in the yearly Regionals competition called the Crossfit Wod-off in September 2018. Kerenina competed in the Teams category and got 16th place.Kerenina also competed in the Annual JIS Crossfit Competition for Charity, this time she placed 6th in the Teams Category. Miss Indonesia's CROWN
Kerenina <mask> is successor incumbent from 5 June 2009 to 1 June 2010 (only 1 year holding the crown) and her crown was given to Miss Indonesia 2010. Achievements in Miss World 2009
In Miss Sport, although unplaced. Her team won gold medals. In Miss Beauty with a purpose, she was placed in the top 5
In Miss Talent, she placed in top 10. In Beach beauty, she became first Indonesian delegates in Miss World called as semifinalist and placed in top 12. References

Living people
1986 births
Indonesian beauty pageant winners
American people of Chinese descent
Indo people
Indonesian people of Chinese descent
Indonesian Christians
Miss Indonesia winners
Miss World 2009 delegates
People from Jakarta
Indonesian people of American descent
American people of Indonesian descent
American Christians
Members of The Family International

masks:
Keina Sunny Halim
Sunny Halim