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<mask> (10 July 1951 – 17 December 2020) was an Italian serial killer who murdered seventeen people – nine women and eight men – on the Italian Riviera in the period from October 1997 to April 1998. <mask>'s inconsistent modus operandi made him difficult to identify and capture. There were no obvious links between the majority of his murders. He chose most of his victims at random, across a vast area of Northern Italy, and became a synonym for fear among the people living along the Italian Riviera. He was given the nicknames Mostro della Liguria ("The Liguria Monster") and L'assassino dei treni ("Killer on the trains"). Initially attributed with only nine homicides by the Italian police, <mask> later confessed to having killed eight other people. With a sentence to 13 terms of life imprisonment, and no possibility of release, <mask> has been defined by some newspapers as "the worst serial killer in the history of Italy".Despite confessing to the killings, <mask> never explicitly regretted his crimes, claiming that he did not consciously commit them because he was "possessed" by a disease. <mask> died on 17 December 2020, in prison, from COVID-19. Biography

Background and early crimes

<mask> was born in Potenza, Basilicata, in 1951. When he was about five years old, his family moved to northern Italy, first to Piedmont and then to Genoa in the Liguria region. He was a chronic bedwetter until age 10 or 12, and his mother shamed him by placing his wet mattress on the balcony where it could be seen by the neighbours. When undressing him for bed, his aunt would shame him by pulling down his underwear in front of his cousins to show his underdeveloped penis. At age 14, he decided to start calling himself Walter.He dropped out of high school and worked at jobs such as mechanic, bartender, baker and delivery boy. While still underage, he was arrested and released for stealing a motor scooter and for stealing a truck loaded with Christmas sweets. In 1974 he was stopped and jailed for having an illegal gun. At some point he was committed to the psychiatric division of the Genoa General Hospital, but escaped. After he was apprehended, he spent 18 months in prison for robbery. He served several prison terms in Italy and France for robbery and armed robbery. In spite of his history of psychiatric problems, up to age 47 he had no record of violence.The murders

<mask> was a compulsive gambler who lived alone. His first murder was the October 1997 strangulation of a friend who betrayed him by luring him into a rigged card game, in which he lost £185,000 (about $226,864.57). The authorities originally thought this death was a heart attack. <mask>'s next two murders were the revenge shooting of the game's operator, and of his wife. He emptied their safe afterward. <mask> later said these first killings gave him a taste for murder. In all his killings he used or carried a .38 calibre revolver loaded with wad cutter ammunition.He made no attempt to conceal his victims' bodies. That same month, he followed a jeweller home to rob him, then shot him and his wife dead when the wife began screaming. He emptied their safe of jewellery. He next robbed and murdered a money changer. Two months later, he killed a night watchman making his rounds, simply because he did not like night watchmen. He killed an Albanian sex worker and a Russian worker. A second money changer was killed next, shot multiple times, and his safe emptied.In March 1998, while receiving oral sex at gunpoint from a sex worker, he shot and killed two night watchmen who interrupted, then shot the sex worker, who survived to help develop a police sketch and later testify against him. He also killed a Nigerian sex worker and a Ukrainian sex worker, and robbed and assaulted an Italian sex worker without killing her. On 12 April 1998 he boarded the train from Genoa to Venice because he "wanted to kill a woman". Spotting a young woman travelling alone, he followed her to the toilet, unlocked the door with a skeleton key, shot her in the head and stole her train ticket. Six days later, he boarded the train to Sanremo and followed another young woman to the toilet. He used his key to enter, then used her jacket as a silencer and shot her behind the ear. Excited by her black underwear, he masturbated and used her clothes to clean up.The murders of two "respectable" women sparked a public outcry and the creation of a police task force. In his last killing before his arrest, on 20 April, <mask> murdered a service station attendant after refueling his car, then took the workday's receipts, about 2 million lira (about $1000) and fled the crime scene. Arrest and sentence
Based on the description of the black Mercedes one of his sex worker victims was seen entering the night she was killed, police considered <mask> "suspect number one" and followed him for ten days. They collected his DNA from cigarette butts and a coffee cup, matching it to DNA found at crime scenes. On 6 May 1998 he was arrested at his home in Genoa and his revolver seized. After eight days in police custody he confessed, speaking for two days and drawing 17 diagrams. On 12 April 2000, after an 11-month trial, <mask> was sentenced to 13 terms of life imprisonment plus an additional 20 years imprisonment for the attempted murder of the sex worker who survived.The judge ordered that he never be released. Aftermath
<mask>'s criminal life and the events that saw him as a cruel serial killer had a major impact in the media of Italy. His story inspired a television miniseries, called Ultima pallottola ("The last bullet"), directed by Michele Soavi, broadcast for the first time in 2003 on Canale 5, with actors Giulio Scarpati, who plays the officer during the investigations, and Carlo Cecchi, as the serial killer. In 2004 <mask> <mask> was interviewed live on Rai 1 during the broadcast on Domenica in, in that year conducted and hosted by Paolo Bonolis. The host received bitter criticism for the interview. In the early 2010s, then leader of the Five Star Movement political party, Beppe Grillo, admitted that he was neighbor of <mask> <mask>, as a child in Genoa. In 2015, Rai 3 dedicated an episode to <mask>, in the television show Stelle Nere ("Black Stars").In prison, <mask> was often recognized as a "model prisoner". In 2016, after 5 years of studies, he obtained a diploma in accounting disciplines with a score of 83/100, and he then began studying tourism disciplines at university. In 2017, <mask> made request for commutation of his life imprisonment penalty into 30 years of imprisonment, requesting summary judgment which was abolished at the time of his trials, but called into question by a sentence of the European Court of Human Rights. However the Supreme Court of Cassation, the highest court of appeal in Italy, rejected his request. The same year <mask> obtained his first temporary permit to leave the prison under armed police escort, in order to visit his parents' grave at Nizza Monferrato's cemetery in Piedmont. In late 2019 <mask> made request for a second temporary permit, but in September the request was denied by the criminal surveillance court of Padua, as he was considered "still dangerous". According to his psychologist he was "unable to adequately manage moments of frustration and anger out of prison".Also, <mask> had never undergone a psychological rehabilitation program and never explicitly repented his crimes, believing that he was "possessed" by a disease in the years in which he committed them. Death
<mask> died on 17 December 2020, at the age of 69, after contracting COVID-19 in "Due Palazzi" prison, Padua, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. See also
 List of serial killers by country
 List of serial killers by number of victims

References

1951 births
2020 deaths
Crimes against sex workers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Veneto
Italian gamblers
Italian people convicted of murder
Italian people who died in prison custody
Italian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Italian serial killers
Italian thieves
Male serial killers
People convicted of attempted murder
People convicted of murder by Italy
People from Potenza
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Italy
Prisoners who died in Italian detention
Serial killers who died in prison custody

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<mask> (January 19, 1851 – September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913. He was an ichthyologist during his research career and then served as president of Indiana University. <mask> was also a strong supporter of eugenics, and his published views expressed a fear of "race-degeneration" and asserted that cattle and human beings are "governed by the same laws of selection". He was an antimilitarist since he believed that war killed off the best members of the gene pool, and he initially opposed American involvement in World War I. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Gainesville, New York, and grew up on a farm in upstate New York. His parents made the unorthodox decision to educate him at a local girls' high school. His middle name, <mask>, does not appear in early census records, and was apparently self-selected; he had begun using it by the time that he was enrolled at Cornell.He said that it was in honor of his mother's devotion to the minister <mask> King. He was inspired by Louis Agassiz to pursue his studies in ichthyology. He was part of the pioneer class of undergraduates at Cornell University and graduated in 1872 with a master's degree in botany. He wrote in his autobiography The Days of a Man, "During the three years which followed [my entrance as a 'belated' freshman in March 1869], I completed all the requirements for a degree of Bachelor of Science, besides about two year of advanced work in Botany. Taking this last into consideration, the faculty conferred on me at graduation in June 1872, the advanced degree of Master of Science instead of the conventional Bachelor's Degree ... it was afterward voted not to grant any second degree within a year after the Bachelor had been received. I was placed, quite innocently, in the position of being the only graduate of Cornell to merge two degrees into one." His master's thesis was on the topic "The Wild Flowers of Wyoming County".<mask> initially taught natural history courses at several small Midwestern colleges and secondary schools. <mask> obtained a medical degree, M.D., from Indiana Medical College in 1875. He wrote in his autobiography that while teaching at Indianapolis High School, "I was also able to spend some time in the Medical College, from which, in the spring of 1875, I received the (scarcely earned) degree of Doctor of Medicine, though it had not at all been my intention to enter that profession." <mask> taught comparative anatomy at the college the following year (1876). The Indiana Medical College in Indianapolis had opened in 1869 and closed its doors in 1878. He was then accepted into the natural history faculty of Indiana University Bloomington as a professor of zoology in 1879. His teaching included his version of eugenics, which "sought to prevent the decay of the Anglo-Saxon/Nordic race by limiting racial mixing and by preventing the reproduction of those he deemed unfit."Personal life

<mask> married Susan Bowen (1845-1885), a biologist and a graduate of Mount Holyoke College (whom he had met at Louis Agassiz's Penikese Island Summer School of Science), in her hometown of Peru, Massachusetts on March 10, 1875. She died at age 39, after 10 years of marriage, following a brief illness. Bowen was six years <mask>'s senior. They had three children: the educator Edith Monica (1877–1965), Harold Bowen (1882–1959), and Thora (1884–1886). <mask> later married Jessie Knight (1866–1952) in 1887. At the time of their marriage, two years after his first wife's death, Knight was 21 years old and <mask> was 36. They met while he was serving as president of Indiana University.He and his second wife had three additional children: <mask> (1888–1947), Barbara (1891–1900), and Eric Knight (1903–1926). Indiana University presidency
In 1885, he was named president of Indiana University and became the nation's youngest university president at only 34 and the first Indiana University president who was not an ordained minister. He improved the university's finances and public image, doubled its enrollment, and instituted an elective system; like Cornell's, it was an early application of the modern liberal arts curriculum. Stanford presidency
In March 1891, he was approached by Leland and Jane Stanford, who offered him the presidency of Leland Stanford Junior University, which was about to open in California. Andrew White, the president of Cornell, had been offered the position but instead recommended <mask> to the Stanfords based on an educational philosophy fit with the Stanfords' vision of a nonsectarian co-educational school with a liberal arts curriculum. <mask> quickly accepted the offer, arrived at Stanford in June 1891, and immediately set about recruiting faculty for the university's planned September opening. Pressed for time, he drew heavily on his own acquaintances; most of the 15 founding professors came either from Cornell or Indiana University.That first year at Stanford, <mask> was instrumental in establishing the university's Hopkins Marine Station. He served Stanford as president until 1913 and then chancellor until his retirement in 1916. The university decided not to renew his three-year-term as chancellor in 1916. As the years went on, <mask> became increasingly alienated from the university. While he was chancellor, he was elected president of the National Education Association. <mask> was a member in the Bohemian Club and the University Club in San Francisco. <mask> served as a director of the Sierra Club from 1892 to 1903.Eugenics
In 1899, <mask> delivered an essay at Stanford on behalf of racial segregation and racial purity. In the essay, <mask> claimed that "For a race of men or a herd of cattle are governed by the same laws of selection." <mask> expressed great fears and phobias for "race degeneration" that would result unless great endeavors were put forward to maintain "racial unity". Eugenics-based argument against war
One of <mask>'s main theses in the essay was that his goals for an ideal society are better engendered by peace than war. His argument against warfare contended that it is detrimental because it removes the strongest men from the gene pool. <mask> asserted, "Future war is impossible because the nations cannot afford it." As one commentator put it, "Though he found meager evidence to support his preconceptions, he still confidently asserted that 'always and everywhere, war means the reversal of natural selection.<mask> was president of the World Peace Foundation from 1910 to 1914 and president of the World Peace Conference in 1915 and initially opposed American entry into World War I although he changed his position in 1917 after he became convinced that a German victory would threaten democracy. Multiple publications of essay
Soon after it was first delivered, the essay was published by the American Unitarian Association (copyright 1902) under the main title of "The Blood of the Nation" and a subtitle of "A Study of the Decay of Races Through the Survival of the Unfit". Multiple editions of that version followed over the next few years. An expanded version of the essay was delivered in Philadelphia at the 200th anniversary of Benjamin Franklin's birth in 1906 and printed by the American Philosophical Society. The following year, an expanded version of the original essay with an embossed cover was published by Beacon Press in Boston under the new main title "The Human Harvest" and the same subtitle. This new version was dedicated to <mask>'s older brother Rufus, who had volunteered to fight in the American Civil War and, according to <mask>, was part of the "'Human Harvest' of 1862". However, Rufus was killed not as "cannon fodder" in fighting but by what would seem to be the "natural selection" of a disease (typhus) he was "unfit" to survive.In 1910, the original and slimmer version of the essay was again published by the American Unitarian Association in a "present less expensive form to insure the widest possible distribution." In 1915, <mask> published an "extended treatise on the same subject" titled War and Breed and again through the Beacon Press in Boston. Here <mask> defines and begins to employ the relatively recent term "eugenics" and its opposite "dysgenics". Influential role
In 1928 <mask> served on the initial board of trustees of the Human Betterment Foundation, a eugenics organization that advocated compulsory sterilization legislation in the United States. He then chaired the first Committee on Eugenics of the American Breeder's Association from which the California program of forced deportation and sterilization emerged. <mask> then went on to help found the Human Betterment Foundation as a trustee. The foundation published Sterilization for Human Betterment.Role in apparent coverup of murder of Jane Stanford
In 1905, <mask> launched an apparent coverup of the murder by poisoning of Jane Stanford. While vacationing in Oahu, Stanford had suddenly died of strychnine poisoning according to the local coroner's jury. <mask> then sailed to Hawaii, hired a physician to investigate the case, and declared she had in fact died of heart failure, a condition whose symptoms bear no relationship to those that were actually observed. His motive for doing this has been a subject of speculation. One possibility is that he was simply acting to protect the reputation of the university since its finances were precarious, and a scandal might have damaged fundraising. He had written the president of Stanford's board of trustees, offered several alternate explanations for Mrs. Stanford's death, and suggested to select whichever would be most suitable. Since Mrs. Stanford had a difficult relationship with him and reportedly planned to remove him from his position at the university, he might also have had a personal motive to eliminate suspicions that might have swirled around an unsolved crime.<mask>'s version of Mrs. Stanford's demise was largely accepted until the appearance of several publications in 2003 that emphasized the evidence that she was murdered. Final years and legacy
In retirement, <mask> remained active, writing on ichthyology, world relations, peace, and his autobiography. Lifetime honors and awards
 1877 Honorary Ph.D. awarded by Butler University
 1886 Honorary LL.D. awarded by Cornell University
 1902 Honorary LL.D. awarded by Johns Hopkins University
 1909 Honorary LL.D. awarded by Indiana University

Skepticism
Although a proponent of eugenics, <mask> was skeptical of certain other pseudoscientific claims. He coined the term "sciosophy" to describe the "systematized ignorance" of the pseudoscientist.His later work, The Higher Foolishness, inspired the philosopher Martin Gardner to write his treatise on scientific skepticism, Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science. However, Gardner noted that "the book is infuriating because although <mask> mentions the titles of dozens of crank works, from which he quotes extensively, he seldom tells you the names of the authors." Children
His daughter Barbara (1891–1900) died in childhood. His son, Eric Knight <mask> (1903–1926), died at 22 in a traffic accident near Gilroy, California. Eric had participated in a paleontological expedition to the Revillagigedo Islands and was considering an academic career. Death
On September 19, 1931, <mask> died at his home on the Stanford campus after he had suffered a series of strokes over two years. Monuments and memorials

Geographical landmarks
Jordan Lake in Utah's Uinta Mountains at
 Mount Jordan, a  mountain peak in Tulare County, California, located on the crest of the Kings-Kern divide of the west slope of the Sierra Nevadas at  was named in 1926 in honor of <mask> by the United States Geographic Board at the behest of the Sierra Club.Jordan commented that it was not the first mountain named in his honor since the first such mountain did not retain his name since it already had a name. In July 2020, the president of the Sierra Club denounced Jordan and its other early leaders for being "vocal advocates for

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 white supremacy and its pseudo-scientific arm, eugenics." The president also announced, "We will also spend the next year studying our history and determining which of our monuments need to be renamed or pulled down entirely." It is not yet clear on how their reassessment would affect the status of Mount Jordan, which the club had helped to name in 1926, or that of other geographic features that bear Jordan's name. Namesake Tree
The <mask> <mask> "Namesake Tree" at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Campus Arboretum, an Indian rubber tree (Ficus elastica) was given to Jordan at the outset of a trip to Japan, and planted by him on December 11, 1922, now listed as an Exceptional Tree of Hawai‘i. Fishery research vessel (1966–2010)
In 1966, the fisheries research ship <mask> Starr Jordan was commissioned for service with the United States Fish and Wildlife Services Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. The ship later served in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration fleet as NOAAS <mask> Starr Jordan (R 444) before it was sold for scrap in 2010.Schools named or formerly named for <mask> <mask>

During the 20th century several schools were named after him or in his honor. However, most of them were renamed in the 21st century, as his eugenics activities became well known. Jordan Middle School in Palo Alto, California, established in 1937, was renamed in 2018 for African-American memory chip inventor Frank S. Greene. David Starr Jordan Middle School in Burbank, California, established in the 1940s, was renamed in 2021 for labor leader and civil rights activist Dolores Huerta. Jordan High School in Long Beach, California, established in 1934, was still named for him as of March 2021 while the school district explores possible renaming. , this is the only public school that still honors <mask>. David Starr Jordan High School in Los Angeles, California, was established in 1923; in 2020 the name was shortened to Jordan High School to remove the reference to him while keeping "Jordan" as a generic legacy name for alumni.University campus buildings
Jordan was closely associated with Indiana University and Stanford University, and both schools named buildings and other campus features after him. However, as his reputation became more controversial in the 2000s, they acted to remove Jordan's name from their respective campuses. Stanford honored its former president in 1917 by renaming its zoology building, built in 1899, to Jordan Hall. Other campus features were named Jordan Quad, Jordan Modulars, and Jordan Way. In October 2020 the Stanford Board of Trustees voted unanimously, on the recommendation of an advisory committee, to remove Jordan's name from all four facilities. The former Jordan Hall was to be referred to as Building 420 until a permanent name could be selected sometime the following year. Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne was charged to rename Jordan Quad and Jordan Modulars.The advisory committee recommended that the renaming of Jordan Way, a street on the medical campus, "may take place during the course of ongoing construction and planning." When Indiana University built a new building for its biology department in 1956, the building was named in honor of <mask>, its former president and biology faculty member. In October 2020 the Indiana University Board of Trustees voted overwhelmingly to remove Jordan's name from the biology building as well as a parking garage and a "river" (actually a small creek) that runs through the center of the campus. Jordan's name was stripped from these places immediately after the trustee meeting had concluded, and they were given temporary, generic names to be used until permanent names could be selected the following year. Jordan Hall, the Jordan River and the Jordan Avenue Parking Garage became respectively the Biology Building, the Campus River, and the East Parking Garage. In August 2021, staff members of the Biology Department sent a petition to the new IU President Pamela Whitten urging the university leadership to rename the Biology Building in honor of James P. Holland, an African-American IU alumnus, award-winning former faculty member and endocrinologist who died in 1998. IU President Michael McRobbie requested the University Naming Committee to work with the city of Bloomington to find a name as a replacement for Jordan Avenue, a thoroughfare that is owned in part by IU and in part by the city., there have been calls in the Bloomington City Council for Jordan Avenue to be renamed, but no such action has been taken so far. In April 2021, the Mayor of Bloomington created a seven-member task force to investigate possible replacement names for Jordan Avenue. In September 2021, the City of Bloomington Plan Commission announced that it approved the renaming of Jordan Avenue to Eagleson Avenue while IU is in the process of renaming its section of the street to Fuller Lane pending approval by the IU Renaming Committee and the IU Board of Trustees. The city plans to complete their street renaming by February 2022. Both new street names honor prominent African-American families who moved to Bloomington after being born into slavery. In December 2021, the IU Board of Trustees reconsidered their decision to rename the university's section of the street as Fuller Lane by adopting Eagleson Avenue as the new name for the University-owned section of Jordan Avenue. , the Indiana University South Bend campus has a scholarship named in honor of Jordan that enables its students to study outside of the United States for a short period.Cornell's David Starr Jordan Prize (1986–2020)
Starting in 1986, the David <mask> Jordan Prize was funded as a joint endowment by Cornell University, Indiana University, and Stanford. Every three years it was awarded to a young scientist (under 40 years) who made contributions in one of <mask>'s interests of evolution, ecology, population or organismal biology. The prize was last awarded in 2015 to a biology professor at the University of Texas at Austin. As <mask>'s reputation became more controversial due to his support of eugenics, and particularly after the removal of <mask>'s name from buildings on the campuses of Stanford and Indiana universities in 2020, there were calls to rename the prize. The prize was officially discontinued in 2020 and the endowment funds were returned to their respective universities. Papers
<mask>'s papers are housed at Stanford University and at Swarthmore College

Works

Books

 (1882). Synopsis of the Fishes of North America.(1885). A Catalogue of the Fishes Known to Inhabit the Waters of North America. (1887). Science Sketches. (1888). The Value of Higher Education. (1895).The Factors in Organic Evolution. (1895). The Fishes of Puget Sound. (1895). The Fishes of Sinaloa. (1896–1900). The Fishes of North and Middle America [four vols.](1897). Matka and Kotik. (1898). The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean. (1899). The Book of Knight and Barbara. (1899).The True Basis of Economics [with J.H. Stallard]. (1900). Animal Life: A First Book of Zoology [with Vernon L. Kellog]. (1902). American Food and Game Fishes [with B. W. Evermann]
 (1902). Animal Forms: A Text-Book of Zoology.(1903). Animal Studies [with Vernon L. Kellog and Harold Heath]. (1903). The Training of a Physician. (1903). The Voice of the Scholar. (1904).The Wandering Host. (1905). The Aquatic Resources of the Hawaiian Islands. (1905). A Guide to the Study of Fishes. (1905). The Fish Fauna of the Tortugas Archipelago [with Dr. Joseph Cheesman Thompson, published for the US Bureau of Fisheries].(1906). The Fishes of Samoa. (1906). Life's Enthusiasms. (1907). The Alps of King-Kern Divide. (1907).The California Earthquake of 1906. (1907). College and the Man. (1907). Evolution and Animal Life [with Vernon L. Kellog]. (1907). Fishes.(1907). Fishes of the Islands of Luzon and Panay. (An expansion of The Blood of a Nation.) (1908). Description of Three New Species of Carangoid Fishes from Formosa. (1908). The Fate of Iciodorum.(1908). Fish Stories: Alleged and Experienced. (1908). The Higher Sacrifice. (1908). The Scientific Aspects of Luther Burbank's Work [with Vernon L. Kellog]. (1909).A Catalog of the Fishes of Formosa. (1909). The Religion of a Sensible American. (1909). Fish stories alleged and experienced, with a little history natural and unnatural [with Charles Frederick Holder]

 (1910). Check-List of Species of Fishes Known from the Philippine Archipelago [with Robert Earl Richardson]. (1910).Leading American Men of Science. (1910). The Woman and the University. (1910). Work of the International Fisheries Commission of Great Britain and the United States. (1911). The Stability of Truth.(1912). The Practical Education. (1912). The Story of a Good Woman: Jane Lathrop Stanford. (1912). Syllabus of Lectures on International Conciliation. (1912).Unseen Empire. (1912). "The Initiative and Referendum". The National Economic League. Boston, MA
 (1913). America's Conquest of Europe. (1913).A Catalog of the Fishes Known from the Waters of Korea. (1913). Naval Waste. (1913). War and Waste. (1913). What Shall We Say?(1914). Record of Fishes Obtained in Japan in 1911. (1914). War's Aftermath [with Harvey Ernest <mask>]. A further extended and updated version of earlier works The Blood of a Nation and The Human Harvest. (1916). World Peace and the College Man.(1917). The Genera of Fishes. (1918). Democracy and World Relations. (1919). Fossil Fishes of Southern California. (1919).Studies in Ichthyology [with Carl Leavitt Hubbs]. (1920). Fossil Fishes of Diatom Beds of Lompoc, California. (1922). Days of a Man [autobiography in two volumes]

 (1929). Your Family Tree. Selected articles

Miscellany

Eponymy

Numerous genera and species bear the name <mask>.Genera:
Jordania , Davidijordania , and Jordanella

Species:

 Agonomalus jordani . Agonomalus jordani . Allocareproctus jordani . Astyanax jordani . Caelorinchus jordani . Caulophryne jordani . Chimaera jordani .Charal, Chirostoma jordani . <mask>'s tuskfish, Choerodon jordani . Flame wrasse, Cirrhilabrus jordani . Smooth lumpfish, Cyclopteropsis jordani . Diplacanthopoma jordani . Dusisiren jordani . Mimic triplefin, Enneanectes jordani .Petrale sole, Eopsetta jordani . Greenbreast darter, Etheostoma jordani . Gadella jordani . Yellow Irish lord, Hemilepidotus jordani . Brokenline lanternfish, Lampanyctus jordani . Legionella jordanis
 Jordan's snapper, Lutjanus jordani . Shortjaw eelpout, Lycenchelys jordani .Malthopsis jordani . Gulf grouper, Mycteroperca jordani . Neosalanx jordani . Patagonotothen jordani . Ptychidio jordani . Northern ronquil, Ronquilus jordani . Shortbelly rockfish, Sebastes jordani .<mask>'s damsel, Teixeirichthys jordani . <mask>'s sculpin, Triglops jordani . See also
:Category:Taxa named by <mask> <mask>

References

Further reading

External links

Works by <mask> <mask>, at JSTOR
Works by <mask> <mask>, at Hathi Trust
History of Stanford motto, with Jordan bio info
  Biography, Smithsonian website
Cover of Time magazine, June 8, 1931
<mask> <mask> papers, 1874-1929, Indiana University Archives
Indiana University President's Office records, 1884-1891, Indiana University Archives

American ichthyologists
1851 births
1931 deaths
Activists from California
American autobiographers
American eugenicists
American science writers
American skeptics
American social sciences writers
American taxonomists
Sierra Club directors
Presidents of Stanford University
Presidents of Indiana University
American anti-war activists
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni
Indiana University School of Medicine alumni
People from Gainesville, New York
Scientists from California
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American scientists
19th-century American writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
19th-century American zoologists
20th-century American zoologists
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
Indiana University faculty
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<mask> (born 25 October 1990) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a er for and captains the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the NRL. He has played for  at international level. <mask> previously played for the Penrith Panthers between 2008 and 2010 in the National Rugby League, and has played at representative level for the Prime Minister's XIII, City Origin, Indigenous All Stars and New South Wales in the State of Origin series. <mask> was born in Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia and is of Indigenous Australian descent - from Bundjalung people. Playing career
<mask> played his junior rugby league for Blacktown City and attended The Hills Sports High School before being signed by the Penrith Panthers. <mask> played for New South Wales under 16's and 18's, as well as the Panthers Harold Matthews and SG Ball teams. <mask> started the 2008 season in the NYC for the Penrith Panthers before being called up to the first-grade squad, still as a 17-year-old in high school.2008
In Round 15 of the 2008 NRL season, <mask> was called up to make his NRL debut for the Penrith Panthers at  against the St George Illawarra Dragons in the 13–12 loss at ANZ Stadium. <mask> finished his debut year in the NRL with him playing in 8 matches for the Penrith club in the 2008 NRL season. 2009
In Round 4 against the Wests Tigers, <mask> scored his first NRL career try in Penrith's 42–22 win at Penrith Stadium. <mask> finished the 2009 NRL season with him playing in 22 matches and scoring five tries for the Penrith club. 2010
On 24 June 2010, <mask> signed with the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks starting from 2011 with a desire to play regular first-grade football from the preference for the halves combinations of Travis Burns and Luke Walsh by the Penrith coach Matthew Elliot limited the number of games he could have played. <mask> finished the 2010 NRL season with him playing in 12 matches and scoring 4 tries for Penrith. 2011
In Round 1 of the 2011 NRL season, <mask> made his club debut for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks against the Canberra Raiders at  in the Sharks 40–12 loss at Canberra Stadium.In Round 4 against the New Zealand Warriors at Owen Delany Park in Taupo, New Zealand, <mask> scored his first club try for Cronulla-Sutherland in the 26–18 loss. <mask> finished the 2011 NRL season with him playing in all of Cronulla's 24 matches, scoring 6 tries and kicking 2 field goals. 2012
On 26 May 2012, <mask> extended his contract with the Cronulla club for a further two seasons to the end of the 2014 season. <mask> finished the 2012 NRL season having played in 15 matches and scoring 6 tries. <mask> was invited to represent the Portugal national rugby league team in the 2012 Cabramatta International Nines tournament. 2013
On 29 April 2013, <mask> was among the first of many Cronulla players to be interviewed by ASADA, where controversy ensued regarding his attending the interview in casual attire. <mask> was selected for the NSW City team in the 2013 City vs Country Origin match off the interchange bench in City's 18–12 loss in Coffs Harbour.In Round 17 against the Wests Tigers, <mask> played his 100th NRL career match, scoring a try in Cronulla's 36–22 win at Remondis Stadium. <mask> finished the 2013 NRL season having played 23 matches and scoring 2 tries for Cronulla-Sutherland. 2014
In February 2014, <mask> was selected in the Sharks inaugural 2014 Auckland Nines squad. On 14 April 2014, <mask> extended his contract with Cronulla-Sutherland for another three years to the end of the 2017 season after knocking back a $500,000 a season offer from the South Sydney Rabbitohs. On 22 August 2014, <mask> became one of the Cronulla players to accept reduced bans from the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority for his role in the 2011 Sharks supplements scandal. <mask> finished off the 2014 NRL season having played 19 matches and scoring 5 tries. 2015
On 31 January and 1 February, <mask> captained the Sharks in the 2015 NRL Auckland Nines, after originally selected captain, Luke Lewis, was ruled out with injury.On 3 May, <mask> captained New South Wales City against New South Wales Country, playing at second-row in his team's 34–22 loss at Wagga Wagga. He co-captained the Sharks alongside Michael Ennis for a period whilst Cronulla's regular captain Paul Gallen was sidelined due to injury. <mask> finished the 2015 season having played in all of the Sharks 26 matches, and scoring 4 tries. On 15 December, he was named on the interchange bench for the Indigenous All Stars due to play the NRL All Stars team on 13 February 2016. 2016
On 13 January 2016, <mask> was named in the emerging New South Wales Blues squad. On 13 February 2016, <mask> played for the Indigenous All Stars against the NRL All Stars, playing off the interchange bench in the 12–8 loss at Suncorp Stadium. <mask> made his debut for New South Wales in game 3 of the 2016 State of Origin series, after having originally been selected to debut in Game 2, however being ineligible due to a suspension resulting from a high tackle on Jonathan Thurston in Cronulla-Sutherland's Round 14 win over the North Queensland Cowboys.On 2 October, <mask> was part of the Cronulla-Sutherland side that won the 2016 grand final to claim the club's first ever premiership. 2017
In 2017, <mask> was selected for the 2017 State of Origin series. <mask> was part of The Cronulla side which finished 5th at the end of the season. On 10 September, Cronulla played North Queensland in the first week elimination finals and suffered a 15-14 shock defeat. 2018
In 2018, <mask> was not selected for NSW by coach Brad Fittler for the 2018 State of Origin series due to being out with injury for most of the first half of the 2018 season. In week one of the 2018 NRL finals, <mask> was taken from the field in the first half during Cronulla's match against Eastern Suburbs with subsequent scans revealing the player had torn his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruling him out for the rest of the season. 2019
<mask> made his return for Cronulla in Round 13 against Parramatta, which Cronulla won 42–22.<mask> was selected for Game 2 of the 2019 State of Origin series where he starred in New South Wales' 38–6 win at Perth Stadium. <mask> was retained for Game 3 of the series, which New South Wales won 26–20 at ANZ Stadium. It was the first time since 2005 that New South Wales had won back to back series. <mask> was limited to ten appearances for Cronulla in the regular 2019 NRL season, where the club finished 7th. <mask> played in the elimination final loss to Manly at Brookvale Oval. On 30 September, <mask> was named in the second row and as captain of the Australia PM XIII. On 7 October, <mask> was named in the Australian team for the 2019 Rugby League World Cup 9s, as well as the upcoming Oceania Cup fixtures.2020
<mask> played 19 games for Cronulla in the 2020 NRL season as the club finished 8th and qualified for the finals. He played in Cronulla's elimination final loss against Canberra. 2021
<mask> was limited to only 11 games for Cronulla in the 2021 NRL season which saw the club narrowly miss the finals by finishing 9th on the table. <mask> decided to end his season prematurely due to three head concussions he sustained including two in consecutive weeks. References

External links

Cronulla Sharks profile
Sharks profile
2017 RLWC profile

1990 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league players
Australian sportspeople in doping cases
Bundjalung people
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks players
Doping cases in Australian rugby league
Indigenous All Stars players
Indigenous Australian rugby league players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Penrith Panthers players
Prime Minister's XIII players
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Blacktown
Rugby league second-rows
Windsor Wolves players

masks:
Wade Graham
Graham
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<mask> (January 22, 1849 – June 24, 1924) was an American labor union leader, politician and attorney, best known as head of the Knights of Labor in the late 1880s. Born in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, he was later elected mayor of Scranton, Pennsylvania, for three 2-year terms, starting in 1878. A Republican, he served as the United States Commissioner General of Immigration in 1897. The Knights of Labor was one of the largest American labor organizations of the 19th century, but <mask> was a poor administrator and could barely keep it under control. His small central office could not supervise or coordinate the many strikes and other activities sponsored by union locals. Powderly believed that the Knights was an educational tool to uplift the workingman, and he downplayed the use of strikes to achieve workers' goals. His influence reportedly led to the passing of the alien contract labor law in 1885 and establishment of labor bureaus and arbitration boards in many states.The Knights failed to maintain its large membership after being blamed for the violence of the Haymarket Riot of 1886. It was increasingly upstaged by the American Federation of Labor under Samuel Gompers, which coordinated numerous specialized craft unions that appealed to skilled workers, instead of the mix of unskilled, semiskilled, and skilled workers in the Knights. Early life
<mask> was born the 11th of 12 children on January 22, 1849 to Irish parents who had come up from poverty, <mask> and Madge Walsh, who had emigrated to the United States in 1827. As a child he contracted the measles, as well as scarlet fever which left him deaf in one ear. At 13 he began work for the railroad as a switchman with the Delaware and Hudson Railway, before becoming a car examiner, repairer and eventually a brakeman. On August 1, 1866, at the age of 17, he entered into an apprenticeship as a machinist with the local master mechanic, James Dickson, at which he was employed until August 15, 1869. Dickson himself had apprenticed to George Stephenson.On November 21, 1871 Powderly joined the Subordinate Union No. 2 of Pennsylvania, part of the Machinists and Blacksmiths International Union, and a year later was elected as its secretary, before eventually becoming president. On September 19, 1872, Powderly married Hannah Dever. Following the Panic of 1873, <mask> was dismissed from this position at the railroad. In recalling the conversation, Powderly wrote that the master mechanic he worked for had explained to him, "You are the president of the union and it is thought best to dismiss you in order to head off trouble." He then spent the following winter in Canada working odd jobs. He returned to the US in 1874, working briefly in Galion, Ohio before moving on to Oil City, Pennsylvania for six months, where he joined Pennsylvania Union No.6. In August of that year, he was elected by No. 6 as a delegate to a district meeting representing Pittsburgh, Oil City, Meadville, and Franklin, and was in turn elected to represent the district at the general convention in Louisville, Kentucky in September. Scranton
<mask> ended his travels in Scranton, Pennsylvania, where he found work as a machinist installing coal breakers. Two weeks after taking the position, he was dismissed after being identified by the same man who had been instrumental in his previous dismissal in 1872. In response, he appealed to William Walker Scranton, who had given him the position to start. After explaining to Scranton that he had been fired originally due to his connection to the union, <mask> recalled:

He asked me if I was president then, I answered in the negative, but in order to be fully understood told him that I was at the time secretary.His next question was "If I reinstate you will you resign from the union?" My answer to that was: "I am insured for one thousand dollars in the union. I cannot afford any other insurance. If I resign and am killed in the employ of this company, will it pay my wife one thousand dollars?" He looked steadily at me a while and said: "Go to the mill and tell Davidson to set you to work." Through W. W. Scranton, <mask> went on to work for the Dickson Manufacturing Company, a firm founded by the sons of his apprentice master. He was again dismissed through the involvement of the same individual, and was again reinstated by Scranton, now in charge of the department, where he worked until May 31, 1877, when it closed for lack of work.In 1878 following strikes and unrest in 1877, <mask> was elected to the first of three two-year terms as mayor of Scranton, Pennsylvania, representing the Greenback-Labor Party. During the election he proposed financing public works project through low interest government loans as a means of providing work for the many unemployed. After assuming office, he immediately reorganized the labor force and enacted moderate reforms. Knights of Labor
<mask> is most remembered for leading the Knights of Labor ("K of L"), a nationwide labor union. He joined the Knights in 1874, became Secretary of a District Assembly in 1877. He was elected Grand Master Workman in 1879 after the resignation of Uriah Smith Stephens. At the time the Knights had around 10,000 members.He served as Grand Master Workman until 1893. Powderly, along with most labor leaders at the time, opposed the immigration of Chinese workers to the United States. He argued that immigrants took jobs away from native-born Americans and drove down wages. He urged West Coast branches of the Knights of Labor to campaign for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Powderly worked with Bishop James Gibbons of  to persuade the Pope to remove sanctions against Catholics who joined unions. The Catholic Church had opposed the unions as too influenced by rituals of freemasonry. The Knights of Labor removed the words "The Holy and Noble Order of" from the name of the Knights of Labor in 1882 and abandoned any membership rituals associated with freemasonry.<mask> was more influenced by the Greenback ideology of producerism than by socialism, a rising school of thought in Europe and the United States. Since producerism regarded most employers as "producers", Powderly disliked strikes. At times, the Knights organized strikes against local firms where the employer might be admitted as a member. The strikes would drive away the employers, resulting in a more purely working-class organization. Despite his personal ambivalence about labor action, Powderly was skillful in organizing. The success of the Great Southwest railroad strike of 1886 against Jay Gould's railroad more than compensated for the internal tension of his organization. The Knights of Labor grew so rapidly that at one point the organization called a moratorium on the issuance of charters.The union was recognized as the first successful national labor union in the United States. In 1885-86 the Knights achieved their greatest influence and greatest membership. Powderly attempted to focus the union on cooperative endeavors and the eight-hour day. Soon the demands placed on the union by its members for immediate improvements, and the pressures of hostile business and government institutions, forced the Knights to function like a traditional labor union. However, the Knights were too disorganized to deal with the centralized industries that they were striking against. Powderly forbade them to use their most effective tool: the strike. Powderly intervened in two labor actions: the first against the Texas and Pacific Railroad in 1886 and the second against the Chicago Meatpackinghouse industry.25,000 workers in the Union Stockyards struck for an 8-hour day in 1886 and to rescind a wage reduction. In both cases, Powderly ended strikes that historians believe that labor could have won. This is when the Knights of Labor began to lose its influence. Powderly also feared losing the support of the Catholic Church, which many immigrant workers belonged to; the church authorities were essentially conservative and feared that the K of L was plotting a "socialist revolution". Powderly's insistence on ending both these strikes meant that the companies did not fear the K of L would use strikes as direct action to gain wage and labor benefits. After this, both Jay Gould and the Chicago Packinghouses won complete victories in breaking both strikes. Disaster struck the Knights with the Haymarket Square Riot in Chicago on May 4, 1886.Anarchists were blamed, and two of them were Knights. Membership plunged overnight as a result of false rumors linking the Knights to anarchism and terrorism. However the disorganization of the group and its record of losing strike after strike disillusioned many members. Bitter factionalism divided the union, and its forays into electoral politics were failures because Powderly forbade its members to engage in political activity or to field candidates

Many KoL members joined more conservative alternatives, especially the Railroad brotherhoods, and the unions affiliated with the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which promoted craft unionism over the one all-inclusive union concept. Powderly was defeated for re-election as Master Workman in 1893. As the decline of the Knights continued, Powderly moved on, opening a successful law practice in 1894. Powderly was also a supporter of Henry George's popular "single tax" on land values.Later career

President William McKinley appointed Powderly as the Commissioner General of Immigration where he served from July 1, 1897 to June 24, 1902. In this role he established a commission to investigate conditions at Ellis Island, which ultimately led to 11 employees being dismissed. After being removed from the post in 1902 by Theodore Roosevelt, he continued to serve as Special Immigration Inspector, studying the causes of European emigration to the United States, where he recommended that officials inspect potential immigrants prior to their arrival in the US, station officers on immigrant-carrying ships, and take steps to more evenly distribute arriving immigrant populations geographically across the country. Powderly was appointed as the chief of the newly created Immigration Service's Division of Information, with a mission, following his own prior recommendation, to "promote a beneficial distribution of aliens admitted into the United States." Finally, in 1921, three years prior to his death, he was appointed as a member of the Immigration Service's Board of Review. <mask>, a resident of the Petworth neighborhood in Washington, D.C., in the last years of his life, died at his home there on June 24, 1924. He is buried at nearby Rock Creek Cemetery.A second autobiography by Powderly, The Path I Trod, was published posthumously in 1940. Powderly's papers are available for use at more than a dozen research libraries across the United States. He was survived by his second wife, Emma (Fickensher), who was his late wife's cousin and a former work associate, who he had married in 1919. <mask> was inducted into the U.S. Department of Labor Hall of Honor in 1999. The citation reads as follows:

As leader of the Knights of Labor, the nation's first successful trade union organization, <mask><mask> thrust the workers' needs to the fore for the first time in U.S. history. In the 1800s, far in advance for the period, he sought the inclusion of blacks, women and Hispanics for full-fledged membership in his trade union. With labor struggling for a place at America's economic table, Powderly achieved national stature as the recognized spokesman for the workers' interest and for the first time made organized labor a political force to be reckoned with.Writing in Dubofsky and <mask>'s Labor Leaders in America, Richard Oestreicher  described Powderly as "the first labor leader in American history to become a media superstar". Oestreicher continues:

No other worker in these years, not even his rival Samuel Gompers, captured as much attention from reporters, from politicians, or from industrialists. To his contemporaries <mask> was the Knights of Labor. Oestreicher characterizes Powderly's legacy as leader of the Knights as generally one of failure to preserve the organization and its mission through the labor upheavals of the late 19th Century. However, he continues to describe him as an "energetic and capable organizer," and is quick to point out the practical challenges both he and the Knights faced, and that in comparison to his heirs and contemporaries, "quite simply, no one else did much better [than they did] over the next forty years." In 1966 Powderly's long time home at 614 North Main Street in Scranton was designated by the National Park Service as a National Historic Landmark. On November 18, 1947 a historical maker was placed in Scranton honoring Powderly.Works
 "The Organization of Labor," North American Review, vol. 135, no. 2, whole no. 309 (August 1882), pp. 118–127. "The Army of the Discontented," North American Review, vol. 140, whole no.341 (April 1885), pp. 369–378. "A Menacing Irruption," North American Review, vol. 147, whole no. 381 (August 1888), pp. 369–378. "The Plea for Eight Hours," North American Review, vol.150, whole no. 401 (April 1890), pp. 464–470. "The Workingman and Free Silver," North American Review, vol. 153, whole no. 421 (December 1891), pp. 728–737.Thirty Years of Labor, 1859-1889. Columbus, OH: Excelsior Publishing House 1890. "Government Ownership of Railways," The Arena, vol. 7, whole no. 37 (December 1892), pp. 58–63. The Path I Trod: The Autobiography of <mask>. Powderly.New York: Columbia University Press, 1940. See also

Notes

References

Further reading
 Carman, Harry J. "<mask> <mask> -An Appraisal," Journal of Economic History       Vol. 1, No. 1 (May, 1941), pp. 83–87 in JSTOR
  Falzone, <mask>. <mask>. <mask>: Middle Class Reformer. Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1978.Falzone, <mask>. "<mask><mask>: Politician and Progressive Mayor of Scranton, 1878-1884," Pennsylvania History, vol. 41 (1974), pp. 289–310. McNeill, George E. (ed. ), The Labor Movement: The Problem of To-day.New York: M.W. Hazen Co., 1889. Phelan, Craig. Grand Master Workman: <mask> and the Knights of Labor (Greenwood, 2000), scholarly biography online edition
 <mask>, Kim. The Making of American Exceptionalism: The Knights of Labor and Class Formation in the Nineteenth Century. (Cornell University Press, 1994). Walker, Samuel."<mask><mask>, Machinist: 1866-1877," Labor History, vol. 19 (1978), pp. 165–184. Ware, Norman J. The Labor Movement in the United States, 1860 -   (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996)  online edition
 Weir, Robert E.  Knights Unhorsed: Internal Conflict in Gilded Age Social Movement (Wayne State University Press, 2000)
 Wright, Carroll D. "An Historical Sketch of the Knights of Labor," Quarterly Journal of Economics,'' vol. 1, no. 2 (January 1887), pp.137–168. in JSTOR

External links

1849 births
1924 deaths
American lawyers
American trade unionists of Irish descent
Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
Catholics from Pennsylvania
Georgists
Knights of Labor people
Leaders of American trade unions
Mayors of Scranton, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Greenbacks
People from Carbondale, Pennsylvania
Trade unionists from Pennsylvania

masks:
Terence Vincent Powderly
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Terence Powderly
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<mask> (born May 28, 1967) is a South Korean criminal who gained notoriety after escaping from prison in 1997 and evading police for over two years. Despite a nationwide manhunt, he narrowly avoided arrest on many occasions. While some dubbed him a "Robin Hood" or "Hong Gil-dong" (a Korean fictional hero) for his donation of a part of his proceeds to the needy and his ability to evade his pursuers, Korean authorities objected to this characterization, and noted that it originated in the overseas press. Regardless, his story attracted wide public fascination and sympathy, and he even inspired a fad for the colorful Missoni T-shirt that he was wearing when he was finally captured. Early life
<mask> was born in Gimje City, North Jeolla Province, South Korea, on May 28, 1967. His father
<mask>on (신흥선)
was a poor farmer, and he had one sister, two older brothers, and one younger brother. <mask>'s mother died of liver cancer while he was in elementary school.He completed elementary school, and attended middle school but did not graduate. He later earned a middle school diploma by state examination
while in prison. <mask> was first arrested and sent to juvenile detention at the age of 15, in July 1982, when his father turned him in to the police for the theft of a watermelon. He was subsequently arrested three times for theft, once for battery, and once for leaving the scene of a traffic accident. In September 1989 he was given a life sentence for his role in an armed robbery in which the victim was killed. Escape and manhunt
<mask> escaped from Pusan Penitentiary in Pusan on January 20, 1997, through a bathroom ventilation shaft. He had dieted to lose weight in order to fit in the air shaft, and spent several months sawing through metal bars that blocked its outlet.He remained on the run for two years, six months, during which he committed numerous thefts and other crimes. The failure of the police to recapture <mask> despite a nationwide manhunt became a public embarrassment for Korean law enforcement. In July 1998, <mask> was recognized and questioned by policemen in Gangnam, Seoul. He narrowly escaped arrest in a scuffle, but police recovered the stolen car he had been driving. In the car they found a diary detailing his escape and subsequent activities, as well as a large amount of cash and other stolen goods. The car also contained a wig, stolen identification papers, and several car license plates. It was determined that the bills had been stolen during several break-ins in the wealthy Bangbae district of Seoul.According to the diary, <mask> had previously hidden from police by climbing into manholes. This discovery led police to undertake a search of the sewer system in the vicinity of Daemosan in Gangnam, Seoul, in July 1998,
without results. Soon after this, the reward for assistance in capturing <mask> was increased to 50 million won, the largest reward offered by South Korean police until
that time. The diary revealed that policemen had stopped the fugitive for minor offenses several times since his escape. On May 4 he had been found driving a car in Daegu with an illegally darkened windshield, and on July 9 he was confronted for smoking in a no-smoking area in Yangjae-dong, Seoul. In each case, <mask> presented stolen identification cards, and police failed to notice that his face did not match the photographs. He kept company with a lot of women while he was on the run.They were always willing females he squired from various tabangs. Law enforcement officers finally captured <mask> on July 16, 1999, in the home of a woman he had been staying with in Suncheon, South Jeolla Province. The reward for his capture had been increased to 55 million won, but at the time of his capture <mask> had in his possession 180 million won in cash, as well as other stolen goods. He had been spotted and reported to police by a repairman who had been called to work on a gas stove in the same apartment. After his arrest, <mask> was returned to the same prison in Busan from which he had escaped two and a half years earlier. According to authorities, <mask> committed 104 thefts, five burglaries, and one rape during his years on the run, among other crimes. He also claimed to have given thousands of dollars to orphanages, the homeless, and disabled students during the same period.Public response
Because of his gifts to the needy and his success in evading police, <mask> gained wide notoriety and even popularity. A Reuters report soon after his capture went so far as to call him a "Robin Hood," and he was also compared to the Korean folk hero Hong Gil-dong. Korean police strongly protested this elevated depiction of <mask>; Ha Tae-sin, a police press representative, characterized the heroic image as a creation of the foreign press:
"The [South] Korean media were very familiar with <mask>-won's criminal journey, and did not think of him as a 'noble thief'; however, it appears that the foreign press wrote these articles without knowing the circumstances well. We intend to prepare a rebuttal and send it to the Korean offices of foreign media outlets." An editorial in the Asia Times noted that <mask> did not steal only from the rich, or give away a large part of his takings. Instead, he stole as opportunity allowed, and was also accused of other crimes such as rape. <mask>'s escape and evasions were also compared to the plot of the US television series Prison Break, which became popular in Korea.<mask>'s story was embarrassing to South Korean police not only because of their long failure to capture him, but also because he alleged wide misconduct by policemen. He reported having personally bribed police, and accused officers of raping his girlfriend. According to the Associated Press, about 50 officers were disciplined for failing to capture <mask>, and 20 were implicated in his accusations of corruption. <mask>'s image also benefited from the juxtaposition with contemporary government corruption scandals, such as the case of the governor of Gyeonggi Province, Lim Chang-yuel (임창열), who was arrested for bribery on the same day as <mask> was captured. While corrupt officials were wealthy people enriching themselves at the expense of the poor, <mask> was seen as a working-class hero, stealing from the rich and sharing with the needy. His popularity made him a fashion icon, and in particular, the colorful Missoni T-shirt worn by <mask> when he was captured became a popular fashion item in Korea. References

1967 births
Living people
Prisoners and detainees of South Korea
South Korean rapists
People convicted of robbery
Escapees from South Korean detention
South Korean escapees

masks:
Sin Chang won
Sin Chang won
Sin Hong se
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<mask>,  (11 January 1934 – 7 April 1967) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in battle that could be awarded at that time to a member of the Australian armed forces. <mask>, born <mask>, joined the Australian Army in 1950 and graduated from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea, in 1952 as a second lieutenant in the Royal Australian Artillery. A series of regimental postings followed, including a tour in the Federation of Malaya in 1962, during which he spent a week in South Vietnam observing the fighting. During the previous year, Badcock had changed his surname to <mask>. After another regimental posting, he transferred to the Royal Australian Infantry Corps, and was promoted to major. In August 1966, <mask> arrived in South Vietnam as a member of the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam. He was initially a sub-sector adviser, but in December became the operations adviser for Thừa Thiên-Huế Province.In this role, between February and April 1967, he displayed conspicuous gallantry and leadership on three occasions while on operations with South Vietnamese Regional Force units. In the final battle, he was killed by machine-gun fire. He was highly respected by both his South Vietnamese and United States allies, and was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions. He was also awarded the United States Silver Star and several South Vietnamese medals. He was buried at Terendak Garrison Cemetery in Malaysia. In 2008, <mask>'s medal set was auctioned for A$488,000 to Kerry Stokes in collaboration with the Government of South Australia. After going on display at the South Australian Museum and touring regional South Australia, it is now displayed in the Hall of Valour at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.Buildings and awards have been named after <mask>, including the rest and recreation centre in South Vietnam, an assembly room and library at Portsea, the main lecture theatre at the Royal Military College, Duntroon, and a perpetual medal for an Australian Football League match held on Anzac Day; as well as the electoral district of Badcoe in the South Australian House of Assembly. Early life and career

<mask> was born <mask> Badcock on 11 January 1934 in the Adelaide suburb of Malvern, South Australia. His father was Leslie Allen Badcock, a public servant, and his mother was Gladys Mary Ann May  Overton. He was educated at Adelaide Technical High School, before gaining employment as a clerk with the South Australian Public Service in 1950. Despite his father's opposition, Badcock held ambitions to join the Australian Army; and enlisted in the Regular Army on 10 June 1950. After a brief posting to the 16th National Service Battalion in early 1952, Badcock entered the Officer Cadet School, Portsea, on 12 July 1952, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Australian Artillery on 13 December that year. This was followed by a short posting to the 14th National Service Training Battalion, then a posting to the 1st Field Regiment in 1953.He returned to train national servicemen at Puckapunyal, Victoria, in 1955–1957. On 26 May 1956, he married Denise Maureen MacMahon in the Methodist Church at Manly, New South Wales. The couple had three daughters – Carey, Kim and Susanne. Badcock was posted back to the 1st Field Regiment in 1957–1958. A junior staff officer in the Directorate of Military Operations and Plans at Australian Army Headquarters from 1958 until 1961, he was promoted to temporary captain in 1958, and substantive captain in June 1960. On 6 February 1961, he was posted to the 4th Field Regiment, and the same year changed his surname to <mask>. The couple decided to change their surname after their third daughter was born in order to make it easier for them.On training exercises, <mask> was aggressive and energetic. He was also a quiet, gentle and retiring man who confided mainly in his wife and had a dry wit. His colleagues found him inscrutable. He avoided boisterous mess activities and preferred reading military history. Short and stocky, a teetotaller who did not smoke, he wore horn-rimmed spectacles and regaled his colleagues on military matters when off-duty. In June 1961, <mask> was posted to the 103rd Field Battery as battery captain, and served a tour with them in the Federation of Malaya, attached to a British unit, in the aftermath of the Malayan Emergency. He was detached from Malaya to South Vietnam over the period 7–14 November 1962, and observed how that country was combating the Viet Cong (VC) and North Vietnamese insurgency.During his visit, <mask> sought opportunities to experience combat. He spent five days with an Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) battalion on operations in Quảng Ngãi Province, during which the unit had contacts with the enemy, including a pitched battle. During what was supposed to be a rest period, he arranged a helicopter flight to visit a Montagnard base in the Central Highlands. When his return to Malaya was delayed by an aircraft engine breakdown, he managed to join a heliborne operation of the 7th ARVN Division in the Mekong Delta. He returned to the 1st Field Regiment in November 1962 and remained with the unit until August 1965. At this point, <mask> transferred from the artillery to the Royal Australian Infantry Corps, and on promotion to temporary major on 10 August 1965, was posted to the Infantry Centre at Ingleburn, New South Wales. <mask> successfully applied for a posting with the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV), and attended adviser courses at the Intelligence Centre at Mosman, New South Wales, and Jungle Training Centre in Canungra, Queensland.He was promoted to provisional major in June 1966. Vietnam War

<mask> arrived in South Vietnam on 6 August 1966 as a member of the AATTV. He was posted as a sub-sector adviser in the Nam Hóa District of Thừa Thiên Province. Sub-sector advisers worked at the district level with two elements of the Territorial Forces, the Regional Force (RF) and Popular Force (PF), which were both forms of full-time provincial militia under control of the provincial chief, who was also the military sector chief. Each sector corresponded with a province, and each sub-sector with a district. The sector and sub-sector advisers had several responsibilities: to accompany the RF/PF, colloquially known as "Ruff-Puffs", on operations; to provide on-the-job training to the RF/PF; to oversee security in the hamlets; and to liaise with the ARVN troops operating in the sector or sub-sector. In his first week at Nam Hóa, <mask> was advising an RF company on a clearing operation when it came under fire from VC irregulars in a treeline.As the company pressed forward, it came under fire from a bunker. <mask> unsuccessfully tried to silence the bunker using his rifle and hand grenades, at which point the company commander suggested calling in close air support. <mask> responded that air support was not necessary. He collected two jerrycans of petrol from a jeep following the company and then, circling around using cover, approached the bunker from outside its arc of fire. He poured both jerrycans over the bunker, backed off some distance and ignited it with a white phosphorus grenade, destroying the VC position and allowing the company to advance. Easily identified by the maroon paratroop beret he wore, <mask> led from the front and gave the impression he believed himself invincible. According to the former AATTV adviser and military historian Ian McNeill, enthusiasm, courage and audacity were <mask>'s hallmarks, and those around him were often infected by his optimism.<mask> was so fearless he appeared reckless, and was often cautioned by colleagues in this respect. Jim Pashen, a warrant officer serving with the AATTV, recalled <mask> driving alone in a jeep from Huế to Quảng Trị, and being shot at by snipers as he passed by. <mask> was also very interested in Vietnam, its people and their customs, and was particularly fascinated by Huế, the ancient royal city. He traded alcohol and souvenirs from the AATTV's canteen with US Marines to acquire equipment for RF units, and also donated food and supplies to an orphanage. In December 1966, <mask> became the sector operations adviser at the provincial headquarters in Huế. This role generally involved planning, liaison and staff work, but <mask> interpreted his duty statement flexibly and led local forces into combat whenever he got the chance. According to a fellow AATTV officer, Captain Barry Rissel, he was a "veritable tiger" in combat, a characteristic that led his US allies to dub him "The Galloping Major".At his first meeting with <mask>, Corporal Chris Black described the scene:

On 23 February 1967, <mask> and his United States Marine Corps deputy, Captain James Custar, were advising an RF company operation in the Phu Thu District. About  on their flank was a PF platoon accompanied by two United States Army advisers, Captain Clement and Sergeant Thomas. <mask> and Custar began to hear intermittent rifle fire, coming from the direction of the flanking platoon. Custar was monitoring radio transmissions when he heard that Clement had been wounded and Thomas was in danger. <mask> ran across the intervening fire-swept ground to reach the PF platoon, with the enemy fire intensifying as he approached. He discovered that Clement was lying  ahead of the platoon, and had been mortally wounded while going to assist a wounded PF soldier. Thomas had tried to reach Clement and had in turn been wounded and was lying in the open between Clement and the platoon, which had pulled back.<mask> observed that the enemy were dug in along a small rise, and appeared to be in about company-strength and readying for an attack. He gathered the PF platoon and led a frontal assault on the enemy position, firing as he went. Dodging automatic fire, he charged a machine-gun position and shot the crew with his rifle. Led by <mask>, the PF platoon inflicted heavy casualties on the enemy. Once the PF platoon had consolidated its position, <mask> went back, still under fire, to lift Clement and carry him out of the danger area. He then returned and assisted Thomas to a

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 position from which he could be safely evacuated. The operation concluded successfully.Two weeks later, the sector RF reaction company was tasked to the Quảng Điền District sub-sector on 7 March in response to an attack on its district headquarters by a VC force of about two battalions. Quảng Điền District headquarters was in the eponymous village, about  northwest of Huế. <mask> was travelling in a vehicle convoy with his deputy and another US officer, when their vehicle veered off the road into a ditch. His deputy was killed and <mask> left the vehicle and joined the company commander as they drove towards the village. By the time <mask> and the company arrived, the village was occupied by the VC, and they were attacking the district headquarters from three sides. <mask> quickly formed the company up into platoons, then led them through enemy fire to a position which flanked the VC. Forming them into an extended line, he then led them in an assault across open ground against the main VC force.In the face of this attack, the VC withdrew in disarray and the garrison of the district headquarters was saved. <mask>'s intervention prevented serious losses and the capture of the district headquarters. <mask> became disillusioned with the war during his service in South Vietnam. He was particularly affected by an incident in February 1967 in which the ARVN regiment he was working with called in a napalm strike on a VC-occupied village, whose population was strongly supportive of the government, instead of attempting to attack and dislodge the VC. <mask> and other advisers attempted to stop the use of napalm, but the ARVN divisional headquarters overruled them. A total of 40 civilians were killed or wounded, and <mask> spent the next day-and-a-half arranging the removal of bodies and new accommodation for the survivors. He eventually concluded that the conflict was an "unwinnable war".On 7 April, <mask>, who wrote frankly to his wife and children, penned a letter to them expressing his "unease and cynicism" about the conduct of the war and indicating that he wished to come home. At this time <mask> was planning to take a short break on the Japanese island of Okinawa starting the following day, with an Australian Army friend who had been visiting him, observing operations. When he returned from the field early in the morning of 7 April, <mask> was told that he was required to act as sector headquarters duty officer due to the illness of another adviser. He saw his friend off to Da Nang and returned to Huế where he commenced duty, planning to join his friend once he had completed his shift. He soon became aware that an operation was going badly for an ARVN force at the hamlet of An Thuan in Hương Trà District, about  north of Huế. The operation involved the elite Hac Bao (Black Panther) divisional reaction company of the 1st ARVN Division, along with a squadron of armoured personnel carriers (APCs) and two RF companies. They were attempting to eliminate a VC force of about two companies which was holding well-entrenched positions at An Thuan.The ARVN force had been met with intense fire and had suffered heavy casualties. <mask> realised that the force did not have any advisers, because one of the Hac Bao advisers was ill, and advisers were required to work in pairs. Without any advisers, the ARVN were unable to access close air support to dislodge the VC. <mask> decided that he needed to go out to the ARVN force and assist them. He arranged for relief as the sector duty officer, grabbed his weapons and equipment, and collected Sergeant Alberto Alvarado, his US Army deputy adviser and radio operator. They sped in their jeep towards An Thuan. Upon arrival, they found the ARVN force preparing for another assault, which was to consist of the APCs followed by the Hac Bao company.<mask> and his deputy climbed aboard an APC and joined the attack. About  from An Thuan, the force was moving through the hamlet's cemetery and hostile fire increased markedly, from recoilless rifles, mortars, machine guns and small arms. The APCs drove through the cemetery and deployed to suppress the enemy fire. The Hac Bao company pressed forward through the cemetery, at which time <mask> and Alvarado dismounted and joined them. During the last stages of the attack, the two advisers were leading the infantry when the enemy fire became so heavy that both the APCs and infantry began falling back through the cemetery. <mask> began rallying the ARVN soldiers to renew the assault, and artillery was called in on the enemy positions. After this, <mask> and Alvarado again pushed forward, attempting to encourage the ARVN troops to press home the attack.The final stages of the line of assault crossed dry, open rice paddy fields with no cover. Enemy fire converged on <mask>, Alvarado and the ARVN troops, who again went to ground. On this occasion, <mask> refused to fall back. He headed straight for an enemy machine-gun position that was causing devastation among the ARVN force. Forced to ground by the intense fire, <mask> was soon joined by Alvarado. <mask> lifted himself up to throw a hand grenade, but was pulled down by Alvarado as bullets cracked overhead. When he rose to throw again, he was cut down by machine-gun fire and killed instantly.Alvarado attempted to recover his body, but was shot in the leg. He then used his radio to call in close air support and more artillery to suppress the enemy fire. The Hac Bao company, supported by the APCs, then moved forward and captured the objective. A military funeral for <mask> was held in Huế, the largest for any Allied soldier until that date. <mask> was buried in the Terendak Garrison Cemetery in Malacca, Malaysia. The epitaph on his gravestone reads: "He lived and died a soldier". According to McNeill, <mask> was highly respected by both South Vietnamese and US allies, and was an inspirational leader who had saved the lives of his comrades and turned defeat into victory on many occasions.Post-script

For his courage and leadership on 23 February, 7 March, and 7 April 1967, <mask> was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in battle that could be awarded at that time to a member of the Australian armed forces. The full citation for the award appeared in The London Gazette on 17 October 1967. It read, in part:

<mask> received her husband's Victoria Cross from the Governor-General, Lord Casey, at Government House, Canberra, on 5 April 1968. <mask> was awarded the United States Silver Star with bronze oak leaf cluster, Air Medal and Purple Heart, and was made a Knight of the National Order of Vietnam. South Vietnam also awarded him the Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Gold Star, and Silver Star, the Armed Forces Honor Medal, First Class, Vietnam Campaign Medal and Wound Medal, and he posthumously received the Vietnam Medal and Australian Defence Medal from Australia. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975 judged that <mask> was "a dedicated career soldier" who "quickly acquired an understanding of the Vietnamese people and their customs along with an affectionate respect for the Vietnamese territorials he trained and led". Members of the AATTV received many decorations, and the unit gained the distinction of being "probably the mostly highly decorated unit for its size in the Australian Army".Only four Australians were awarded the Victoria Cross in Vietnam; all went to members of the AATTV, two of them posthumously. An Australian and New Zealand soldiers' club in Vung Tau was named the <mask>coe Club in his honour in November 1967. At Portsea, the assembly room and library was named after him, complete with a portrait and bronze plaque. After Portsea closed in 1985, the main lecture theatre in the Military Instruction Block at Royal Military College, Duntroon in Canberra was named after him. In 1998–1999, a rest area in <mask>'s honour was established near Lake George on the Remembrance Driveway between Canberra and Sydney. In 1999, the Ex-Military Rehabilitation Centre moved to the "Peter Badcoe VC Complex" at Edinburgh, South Australia. <mask>'s medal group and personal memoirs were offered for sale by auction in Sydney on 20 May 2008 and were sold for A$488,000 to the media magnate and philanthropist Kerry Stokes in collaboration with the Government of South Australia.<mask>'s Victoria Cross and associated medals were displayed at the South Australian Museum in Adelaide, prior to being toured to 17 regional towns in South Australia between 21 March and 20 June 2009, before being displayed permanently at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra from 2016. His VC was the 71st of the 100 VCs awarded to Australians to be placed on public display there. Since 2004, the award for the player displaying the most courage, skill, self-sacrifice and teamwork in the Australian Football League match in Adelaide on Anzac Day each year has been called the <mask> VC Medal. The medal has been won by three times by Travis Boak of the Port Adelaide Football Club, and twice by Joel Selwood of the Geelong Football Club. In 2015, the Australian government repatriated the remains of 22 Australian soldiers buried at Terendak, but the <mask> family asked that he remain buried there, in accordance with his express wishes. In 2016, the South Australian electoral district of Ashford was renamed Badcoe in his honour. In 2020, a 60-bed residential aged care facility named <mask> VC House was completed in Newcastle, New South Wales, by the Returned and Services League of Australia (New South Wales Branch) aged care arm, RSL LifeCare.Footnotes

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Books

Gazettes, newspapers and websites

1934 births
1967 deaths
People from Adelaide
Australian Army officers
Australian military personnel of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Australian military personnel killed in the Vietnam War
Australian recipients of the Victoria Cross
Graduates of the Officer Cadet School, Portsea
Vietnam War recipients of the Victoria Cross
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Foreign recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)
Foreign recipients of the Air

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Professor <mask>'Flaherty is the current (September 2015) Director of the European Union Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA). The FRA is the EU's human rights advisory body, based in Vienna, Austria. An Irish human rights lawyer, O’Flaherty was a member from 2004 to 2012 of the United Nations Human Rights Committee (HRC), the expert body that oversees compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Again nominated by Ireland in 2008, O'Flaherty was re-elected to the HRC with the highest number of votes (136 states) achieved by any candidate. On 19 September 2011 he took up appointment as the third Chief Commissioner of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC), the statutory national human rights institution for Northern Ireland. He resigned as chief commissioner in October 2013. A native of Salthill in Galway, and the son and grandson of mayors of Galway, O'Flaherty attended school at Scoil Iognaid Gaillimh, Willow Park Preparatory School and Blackrock College, Dublin.He holds degrees in law from University College Dublin, in theology and philosophy from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, and in international relations from the University of Amsterdam. Ordained in the 1980s as a priest in the Roman Catholic Church for the Diocese of Galway, he has not exercised priestly ministry since 1992. He has since been laicised. In November 2019, on the basis of his published works in the field of human rights, <mask>’Flaherty was awarded the Higher Doctorate in Laws (LLD) by the National University of Ireland

Qualified as a solicitor in Ireland, he does not practice in the courts. Since completing his postgraduate studies he has worked mainly in the field of international human rights. From 2004 to 2012 he was Professor of Applied Human Rights and Co-Director of the Human Rights Law Centre at the University of Nottingham, England. In December 2012 he was appointed as Established Professor of Human Rights at the National University of Ireland, Galway and Director of the Irish Centre for Human Rights.Having written extensively on the ICCPR in the 1990s, O'Flaherty joined the United Nations civil service and held several headquarters and field positions in the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). This included co-ordination of the OHCHR Asia and the Pacific programmes, leadership of field operations in Sierra Leone and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and (2000–02) chairing the UN reference group on human rights and humanitarian action. He served for some years as secretary to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, and as a senior researcher in Florence at the UNICEF child rights research unit, the Innocenti Research Centre. He was a member of the UN Expert Group on Human Rights Indicators, and has been an advisor to several intergovernmental and international non-governmental organisations, including the European Roma Rights Centre and the Council of the European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratisation. According to a CV posted on the European Parliament (LIBE committee) website in 2014, O’Flaherty had at that date published 9 books and some 55 articles and other writings, all in the field of human rights. He was 'rapporteur' (principal drafter) for the Human Rights Committee's General Comment on Article 19 of ICCPR, finally adopted on 21 July 2011 after two years of negotiation. This major re-statement of the international law on freedom of expression emphasises the importance of media freedoms and it sets out the extent to which human rights standards relate to the new media and information platforms.O'Flaherty also has contributed to the international definition and protection of gay rights: in 2006 he led the drafting of the Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. O'Flaherty is former Chairperson of the Irish Penal Reform Trust and the former Vice-Chair of the Universal Rights Group. In September 2015 it was announced that he was appointed as Director of the European Union Fundamental Rights Agency. The FRA “delivers on its responsibility as the acknowledged, unique and independent centre of reference and excellence for the promotion and protection of the rights of everyone in the European Union”. In a speech delivered in Warsaw, Poland, on 1 December 2017, he described its activities, “(FRA) is the body tasked with delivering independent data, analysis and advice to the EU institutions, as well as its Member States, to support them in being compliant with the fundamental rights standards of the Union. From our base in Vienna, we do our work through the undertaking of surveys, analysis of pressing human rights challenges - including by giving voice to rights-holders - delivery of legal opinions and support for the embedding of a culture of human and fundamental rights, also at the local level across EU Member States”. In a 2015 newspaper article he described his period of work in the field:

"Documenting wartime human rights violations used to be my job.Over a good few years, working for the United Nations, I witnessed the most appalling acts of cruelty and inhumanity. Often I arrived on a scene to find mutilated bodies, wounded or deeply traumatised survivors and smouldering buildings. A few times I was a direct witness to atrocity, like the summary execution of “rebels” in the streets of Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. In that country the perpetrators were sometimes just teenagers, many of whom had themselves been abducted years beforehand. I used to speak with these kids, who were often armed to the teeth and high on drugs, to try to persuade them to release kidnapped children. More than once I came close to being killed, sometimes by being in the wrong place at the wrong time but more often for such stupid reasons as driving a faulty jeep or begging a lift on an ancient helicopter. My main job was to chronicle what was going on, frame it in terms of the relevant international human-rights law and get the reports up the line to UN decisionmakers in New York and Geneva.The work sometimes seemed futile, even cruel, fuelling false expectations among people who co-operated with us. Often it felt as if no one cared. My own boss when I worked in Bosnia, the former prime minister of Poland Tadeusz Mazowiecki, resigned in protest at the ignoring of his warning about the imminent massacre at Srebrenica. I never quit, but I did have moments of near despair. I recall sitting in tears on a veranda in Freetown, listening to the worsening artillery fire in nearby hills at a moment when the world seemed to have interest in only one conflict: the one far away in Kosovo. What kept my colleagues and I going were the small achievements: protecting some people simply because of our presence, improving conditions in detention facilities, helping to ensure that food and aid were distributed equitably, seeking to keep the situation of innocent victims of war to the forefront of peacemakers’ attention. The chronicling also had its successes, especially for the delivery of postconflict justice.It was very satisfying for me many years later to present my reports and give evidence at the trials in which the Liberian president Charles Taylor and others were convicted of crimes against humanity." References

External links
 Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission
 Human Rights Law Centre, University of Nottingham
 Yogyakarta Principles website

Alumni of University College Dublin
Irish officials of the European Union
United Nations Human Rights Committee members
Irish legal scholars
Living people
20th-century Irish lawyers
21st-century Irish lawyers
Irish officials of the United Nations
Year of birth missing (living people)

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