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<mask> (June 26, 1893 – November 3, 1989) was an American journalist and anchor, spending the majority of her career for The Cleveland Press and WEWS-TV, both based in Cleveland, Ohio. <mask> has a role in United States television news history. She is credited with being the first woman in the United States to anchor a television news broadcast as well to host her own television show, a role she held at WEWS for 37 years. She has been referred to as the "First Lady of Television News." Early life and early career
<mask>, an American of Jewish descent, was born in Passaic, New Jersey. She spent her childhood in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Prior to working in broadcasting, she was an elementary school teacher.Social activist Jane Addams recruited her in 1918 to speak about social causes, which started her career as a public speaker. For the next 19 years, Fuldheim frequently spoke about topics relating to foreign policy and social causes. Fuldheim entered broadcasting with the debut of a weekly program over Cleveland radio station WTAM on December 12, 1929, and added a daily program over the NBC Red Network on August 28, 1933, that WTAM originated. Her speeches which advocated hot-button issues like birth control and publicly-owned utilities and railroads earned her the nicknames of "militant Cleveland lecturer" and "the American H. G. Wells", quickly becoming a fixture on the circuit with 3,500 speeches given during a 20-year span. Fuldheim traveled internationally and visited prewar Europe on an annual basis, notably interviewing Engelbert Dollfuss two days before his assassination, and Adolf Hitler in 1932 shortly before his rise to power. Interviews like these, which were conducted to help provide source material for her lectures, also informed her approach to broadcasting as the first female news analyst in network radio while with NBC Red. WJW radio, also based in Cleveland, began airing daily news commentaries by Fuldheim starting in June 1944 as part of their Newspaper of the Air program.<mask> had hired by WJW based on her reputation as a public speaker, a career that continued unabated. WJW assigned her to attend the San Francisco Conference that established the United Nations and interview attendees, along with monitoring any developments. In a subsequent lecture, she warned about rising tensions between the U. S. and the Soviet Union, saying "unless the United States finds a way to work with Russia harmoniously, we are doomed." During this period, <mask> spoke about and advocated for the peace movement and peacekeeping both prior to and after the end of World War II, along with maintaining social welfare programs domestically. <mask> additionally engaged in literary criticism and book reviews, with one review for the Kathleen Winsor novel Forever Amber drawing a capacity crowd of 600 females; Fuldheim expressed shock at the number of people wanting to hear her discuss a "badly-written book" centering around sex appeal, while expressing chagrin over her other lectures not netting such large audiences. In addition to her daily program, Fuldheim hosted Young America Thinks over WJW, a weekly public affairs open forum program aimed at high school students in collaboration with the Cleveland Board of Education. Television career
Scripps Howard hired <mask> away from WJW ostensibly for WEWS-FM (102.1) but promptly became a part of WEWS-TV upon their December 17, 1947, sign-on via a 13-week contract.<mask> later mused on joining WEWS, "I'm sure (Scripps) didn't intend to use me... because television was supposed to be for the young and the beautiful and God knows what". Despite leaving WJW proper, she informally remained with the station after the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen purchased airtime over ABC for a weekly 15-minute commentary program. At the time of its launch, WEWS was the only television station in operation between New York and Chicago, besides Detroit. In 1959, <mask>, who had been with the station before it even went on air, began to formulate her own newscast in response to the new Eyewitness News on KYW, which was the first half-hour newscast in the country. Fuldheim centered her newscast around her interviews, a general overview of the news, and her commentaries (during which the very opinionated Fuldheim frequently inserted her own opinions about the stories). <mask> was the first woman in the United States to have her own television news analysis program. While the format of her show, Highlights of the News, consisted primarily of news analysis, it also included commentary, book reviews and interviews.In the years that Highlights of the News aired, Fuldheim interviewed among others Martin Luther King Jr., Helen Keller, the Duke of Windsor, and Barbara Walters. She also interviewed several American presidents. In the 1960s, Fuldheim teamed with Cleveland radio personality Bill Gordon to host "The One O'Clock Club" on WEWS, a mix of entertainment, news, and interviews. This show eventually inspired KYW to launch a similar show hosted by Mike Douglas that eventually eclipsed "The One O' Clock Club" in popularity en route to becoming nationally syndicated. At this same time, Fuldheim was also frequently lampooned and skewered on WJW-TV's Shock Theater with Ghoulardi. Fuldheim, recognizable for her fiery red hair, was known for her sometimes controversial opinions. She was not shy about supporting unpopular causes, nor in voicing her opposition if she disagreed with a guest.On one program, she interviewed 1960s activist Jerry Rubin about his book Do It. In the interview, Jerry Rubin started to quiz Fuldheim, asking her if she drank. <mask> said, "I have the damn best liver in Cleveland." He then took a picture of a nude woman and showed it to her. <mask> responded by asking Rubin, "How is [the photo] germane to the topic?" He then referred to the police as "pigs" and offended <mask>, who replied, "I've got a shock for you. Some of my friends are policemen".Rubin then muttered "Well, I've got a shock for you. I'm good friends with the Black Panthers." At which, <mask> threw his book and kicked Rubin off the set saying "Out! Stop the interview" as the cameras rolled. At times, <mask> could offend some members of her audience. A month after ejecting Rubin from her television show, she found herself in the controversial hotseat. On May 4, 1970, while live on the air, <mask> made the following statement regarding the actions of the Ohio National Guard during the Kent State shootings, "What is wrong with our country?We're killing our own children." Due to her reference to the shooting of the four students as murder, there were numerous calls from viewers for <mask> to resign from her position at WEWS. However, she had the backing of station management and did not resign. In 1980, <mask> was inducted in the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame and covered major 1980s events: She traveled to London to cover the 1981 royal wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, the funeral of assassinated Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and to Northern Ireland to interview the family of IRA hunger striker Bobby Sands. Death and posthumous recognition
<mask>'s long and distinguished career - where, at age 91, she still conducted interviews and read commentaries on-air three times every day - ended when she suffered a stroke on July 27, 1984, shortly after interviewing U.S. President Ronald Reagan via satellite. The station received so many phone calls from viewers asking about her condition that an automated answering machine service was set up, devoted to providing updates about her health. She never again appeared on television and died in Cleveland five years later at the age of 96.In 2003, <mask> was posthumously awarded an Ohio Historical Marker for her contributions to journalism, which is displayed in front of the WEWS studios. Famous quotes
 "This is a youth-oriented society, and the joke is on them because youth is a disease from which we all recover." "It takes a disciplined person to listen to convictions which are different from their own." "Every American carries in his bloodstream the heritage of the malcontent and the dreamer." References

External links
 WEWS-TV slideshow of <mask>
 A list of Ms. Fuldheim's various commentaries
 Biography of Ms. Fuldheim

 Fuldheim's 27 July 1984 interview with Ronald Reagan
 Kent State University Special Collections and Archives <mask> Papers Finding Aid includes a list of titles of her commentaries

1893 births
1989 deaths
Jewish American journalists
American television journalists
American women television journalists
Television anchors from Cleveland
Writers from Milwaukee
Writers from Passaic, New Jersey
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee alumni
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American women

masks:
Dorothy Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Dorothy
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Fuldheim
Dorothy Fuldheim
Dorothy Fuldheim


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<mask>-<mask> (2 May 1897 – 16 January 1989, who occasionally wrote under the pen-name Peggy Vlug) was a Dutch economist, feminist and radio broadcaster. As the first woman to attain a doctorate in economics in The Netherlands, her work focused on the impact of working women on the economy. Recognizing that there were few sources, she joined with other feminists to create the International Archives for the Women's Movement in 1935. Writing reports on women's work, she refuted government claims that women working outside the home was of no benefit. First proposed in 1939, the Household Council, which she saw as an organization to foster training and organize domestic laborers was instituted in 1950. She founded the International Association of Women in Radio, as an organization for professional development and networking in 1949. As a peace activist, she was involved in the promotion of pacifism and believing women had unique qualities for solving world problems, she established the International Scientific Institute for Feminine Interpretation.In 1982, in recognition of her significant contributions to the Dutch Women's Movement, Posthumus-<mask> <mask> was appointed as an officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau. In 2008, she, her husband and sister, were honored as Righteous Among the Nations by the government of Israel, for their fostering children during the Dutch occupation by the Nazis. Early life
Willemijn Hendrika <mask> <mask> was born on 2 May 1897 in Pretoria, South Africa to Elisabeth Marijna (née Castens) and Fiepko <mask> <mask>. Her father was an engineer and Lilian, as she was called, grew up with her sister, Annie, in the Dutch colony of Batavia, Dutch East Indies. She attended Gymnasium Koning Willem III obtaining a certificate to teach French in 1914. Moving to Switzerland, <mask> <mask> originally began her higher education studies in engineering in Lausanne, but when she decided to study economics instead, she transferred to the new school Nederlandsche Handels-Hoogeschool (Netherlands School of Commerce) in Rotterdam in 1920. During her studies, she joined the Rotterdam Female Students' Association and completing her studies in 1926.She went on to complete her dissertation, De besteding van het inkomen. Het indexcijfer van de kosten van levensonderhoud (The expenditure of income. The index of the cost of living) in 1930, graduating as the first woman to earn a PhD in economics in the Netherlands. Career
Soon after completing her studies, on 19 January 1931 in London, <mask> Goot married Nicolaas Wilhelmus Posthumus, a professor of economic history whom she had met during her schooling. Unable to find employment, particularly due to the government restriction on married women working during the Great Depression, she began to help her husband with his work. Starting in 1933, she prepared statistical information for his study of the History of the Leidse Sheet Metal Industry and his work on the History of Dutch Pricing. She also became more active as a feminist, attending a 1934 conference on Women's Rights and Equal Citizenship hosted by the Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht.Recognizing at the conference how little was known regarding women's economic contributions, Posthumus-<mask> <mask> helped organize a conference the following year held in Bilthoven which resulted in the creation of the Jongeren Werk Comité (JWC) (Youth Work Committee), of which she would soon become president. That same year, she began an economic analysis for the Committee on Maintaining Women's Freedom for Labor to evaluate the impact of working women. Her research confirmed that in families where women worked outside the home functioned more efficiently than those where women worked solely as a housewife. In trying to prepare the report, Posthumus-<mask> <mask> recognized that there were no archival records which could be consulted that dealt solely with women's history. She joined Rosa Manus, a prominent feminist, and Johanna Naber, a historian interested in documenting women's history, in 1935 to found the International Archives for the Women's Movement () for the purpose of promoting scholarship on women's history and contributions to society. In 1936, she began working at Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep (AVRO) as the head of radio programming for women. She launched a popular five-minute program Een kort gesprek van vrouw tot vrouw (A short chat from women to women) that aired from 1936 to 1952, except during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.That same year, she also became involved in pacifism and attended the Universal Gathering of Peace (), held in Brussels. In 1937, when Minister Carl Romme proposed barring all married women from paid work, Posthumus-<mask> <mask> not only published articles against Romme's preliminary draft law, but assisted in organizing a postcard campaign to flood the Ministry of Social Affairs with protests. In 1938, Posthumus-<mask> <mask>'s daughter, Claire was born and the couple, who had previously lived in Amsterdam, moved to Noordwijk aan Zee, where they took up lodging with Lilian's sister Annie Diaz-<mask> <mask> and her child, Liesbeth. When German soldiers were billeted in their home, the household moved to Leiden and began to work with the Dutch resistance to smuggle children out of Amsterdam and place them with foster families. She began to work on plans in 1939 to develop a Household Council, to organize domestic laborers and provide training for them. In 1940, the majority of the IAV collections were confiscated by Nazi looters and Rosa Manus was arrested, deported to a concentration camp and murdered. The following year, Johanna Naber also died, leaving Posthumus-<mask> <mask> as the sole living founder of the IAV and in charge of recovery attempts.In 1943, ten-year-old Bertha Eveline Koster, known as "Bep", moved in with the extended family and stayed with them for the next two years. That same year, she began working with  and Marga Klompé on reorganizing the IAV for the post-war period. When the war ended, Posthumus-<mask> <mask> and her family returned to Amsterdam, where she resumed her broadcasts at AVRO. In 1946, she published Statistiek en werkelijkheid (Statistics and Reality), which evaluated how statistics could be manipulated to present different realities. Two years later, Van moeder op dochter, Het aandeel van de vrouw in een veranderende wereld (From Mother to Daughter, The Proportion of Women in a Changing World) was published, which she edited and co-wrote, along with Anna de Waal. The book, written for the changeover of power from Queen Wilhelmina to Queen Juliana, was a comprehensive overview of the Dutch Women's Movement and is still regarded as an important text, having gone into several subsequent reprintings and editions. In 1949, in an effort to increase networking and help women broadcaster's in their career development, Posthumus-<mask> <mask>-van der Goot had first envisioned in 1939 as the Household Council was developed. She also founded a women's advisory office, named after her radio show From Women to Women which operated under the auspices of the Marie Jungius Foundation in 1951. The office gave assistance to women in a wide-ranging platform focusing on topics from household chores to make-up and published a newsletter, with tips and advice until 1964. In 1952, she stepped down from her broadcasting post with AVRO but continued to serve as president of the IAWR until 1956. Posthumus-<mask> <mask> published Vrouwen vochten voor de vrede (Women Fought for Peace) in 1961 and Vrede met een menselijk gezicht (Peace with a Human Face) in 1973.Both looked at the role of ordinary people in advocating for peace, though her views that women were particularly suited in their role as mothers as having special negotiating talents was not fashionable with second-wave feminists. She served as chair in 1964, of the Dutch women's committee to prepare for the Year International Cooperation recognized by the United Nations in 1965. In 1967, Pothumus-<mask> <mask> founded the International Scientific Institute for Feminine Interpretation (ISIFI), as part of the International Peace Research Association, to advance study on how women contributed to the development of peace and other world problems. In 1974, Posthumus-<mask> <mask> stepped down from the IAV leadership, though she continued to work at the archive as a librarian. She worked on a second edition of From mother to daughter in 1977. In 1982, her significant contributions to the Dutch Women's Movement were recognized when she was honored as an officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau. Death and legacy
Posthumus-<mask> <mask> died in Amsterdam on 16 January 1989, with hundreds of feminists attending her cremation on 20 January.Her work with the IAV and her book From Mother to Daughter are recognized as significant contributions to women's history in the Netherlands. In 2008, she was honored by the government of Israel as one of the Righteous Among the Nations for her assistance to Jews during the Holocaust. See also
 List of peace activists

References

Citations

Bibliography

1897 births
1989 deaths
People from Pretoria
Dutch economists
Dutch women's rights activists
Pacifist feminists
Dutch pacifists
20th-century Dutch women writers
20th-century Dutch writers
Recipients of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Dutch Righteous Among the Nations

masks:
Willemijn Posthumus
van der Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
Van der
Goot
Van der
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Gootus
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot
van der
Goot


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<mask> (; born 14 January 1943) is an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Genoa from 2006 to 2020. He was President of the Italian Episcopal Conference (CEI) from 2007 to 2017 and was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 2007. Since 2016 he has been President of the Council of the Bishops' Conferences of Europe. He is considered to be conservative in his views and a theological ally of his predecessor in the CEI, Cardinal Camillo Ruini. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born to Alfredo and <mask> in Pontevico (Brescia), where his family was evacuated during World War II. He said in an interview: "I became an altar boy in my parish in the historic center of Genoa, in Piazza Sarzano, when I was six years old.My old parish priest was Abbot Giovanni Battista Gazzolo, first, and afterwards Monsignor Carlo Viacava while his deputy was a young curate, Don Gianni Zamiti—the latter two are still alive and overjoyed that their little altar boy has become their archbishop—who supervised us on afternoons in the parish club where we went to play. The desire to become a priest was born precisely when I was in elementary school, but I didn’t confide it to anybody. Afterwards I went to a co-ed middle school, always with that desire in my heart". Priesthood
He attended the liceum of classics at the archdiocesan seminary of Genoa, and was ordained to the priesthood on 29 June 1966 by Cardinal Giuseppe Siri. While a priest in Genoa, he received a degree in philosophy from the University of Genoa, served as professor of metaphysics and contemporary atheism at the Theological Faculty of Northern Italy, and led the archdiocesan liturgical and catechesis offices. He was once the diocesan representative to the FUCI (the Italian Catholic Federation of University Students) and led efforts for the pastoral care of students in the region. Early episcopal career
<mask> was appointed Bishop of Pesaro on 3 January 1998.He received his episcopal consecration on the following 7 February from Archbishop Dionigi Tettamanzi, with Bishops Gaetano Michetti and Giacomo Barabino serving as co-consecrators. <mask> became Metropolitan Archbishop of the same see on 11 March 2000. Since 2001, he has held several posts within the Italian Episcopal Conference (CEI), including president of the administrative board of its newspaper Avvenire, and secretary for schools and universities. On 20 June 2003, he was appointed Archbishop of the Military Ordinariate of Italy. He described his appointment as "totally unexpected" and that he accepted it "with surprise and some trepidation. First of all because the military world was totally unknown to me, and then because it was a matter of an extensive diocese, covering the whole country and even beyond, with our soldiers on missions to foreign countries". Archbishop of Genoa

Following the resignation of Tarcisio Bertone, <mask> was appointed Archbishop of Genoa on 29 August 2006.He was installed on the following 24 September. He defended Pope Benedict XVI in the Regensburg controversy. On 7 March 2007, Benedict XVI selected <mask> to succeed Camillo Ruini as President of the Italian Episcopal Conference for a five-year term. "The choice is a compromise between two of Benedict's two most influential policy-movers—<mask> is a confirmed Ruini-ite, 'but Bertone likes him,' as one op put it." On 27 June 2007, Archbishop <mask>, along with several other prelates, attended a briefing at the Apostolic Palace on Pope Benedict's impending motu proprio allowing wider celebration of the Tridentine Mass. Two days after this meeting, on 29 June, he and forty-five others were invested with the pallium, a woolen vestment reserved for metropolitan bishops, by Benedict in St. Peter's Basilica. Cardinal and curial assignments
On 17 October 2007 Pope Benedict announced that <mask> would be created cardinal in a consistory on 24 November.He was created Cardinal-Priest of Gran Madre di Dio. On 12 June 2008, Benedict appointed him to the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Also in 2008 <mask> was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to the Congregation for Bishops, but he was named a member when Pope Francis overhauled the membership of that Congregation in 2013. <mask> took part in the papal conclave of 2013 that elected Pope Francis, and was seen as a possible contender (papabili) for the papacy by some media sources. In February 2018, Pope Francis extended <mask>'s tenure in Genoa for two years beyond the normal retirement age of 75. On 8 May 2020, Pope Francis accepted <mask>'s resignation as Archbishop of Genoa and named Marco Tasca OFM Conv to succeed him. Health
On 28 September 2021, shortly after returning from the International Eucharistic Congress in Budapest, he was diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in the infectious disease unit of Genoa's Galliera Hospital.He said had been vaccinated and knew he could still be infected. On September 30, the hospital reported that his general condition was good and the outlook positive. Several other cardinals have recovered from the virus. He was discharged from hospital on 8 October. Views and theological positions

Abortion
Cardinal <mask> has expressed strong opposition to abortion, especially with regards to the RU-486 pill, which has abortive effects on the conceptus. Euthanasia
Cardinal <mask> said in remarks to the Italian news agency ANSA in 2016 that "it pains us as Christians but it also pains us as persons" that euthanasia was permitted in Belgium to enable a terminally ill 17 year-old minor to die. He has in the past said that euthanasia is an action with the absence of love and that it follows a secular criteria rather than a religious one.Opposition to gay rights
In April 2007, following a condemnation of same-sex unions—in which he said, "Why say 'no' to forms of legally recognised co-habitation which create alternatives to the family? Why say 'no' to incest? Why say 'no' to the paedophile party in Holland? "—<mask> allegedly found himself the target of death threats. The Genoa police department, while dismissing any serious cause for concern, assigned an armed officer to guard him. Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio from the Italian Green Party, a vocal supporter of gay rights, said <mask> had made a "grave, foolish comparison which offends millions of people". <mask> later condemned a ruling made by the Tuscan courts in 2014 which, for the first time in Italy, recognized the marriage of a gay couple who had wed in New York.He has also described gay civil unions and same-sex marriages as a “Trojan horse” that fundamentally weaken the institution of the family. In 2019, <mask> cancelled three separate public prayers of reparation for a gay pride parade that was set to be held in the archdiocese but offered no explanation for his decision. His decision was, however, met with some criticism as was the lack of explanation for his action. Social teaching
<mask> affirmed that each man has the right to be employed. He has also advised that the flexibility of the workforce has to be limited. Eucharist
In 2016, <mask> affirmed that "the Eucharist is the beating heart of the Church and of the People of God". Transparency in politics
On 15 February 2011, he said: "Transparency is a value which is needed at all levels for the good of the country."References

External links

 <mask> at Catholic-pages

1943 births
Living people
Religious leaders from the Province of Brescia
Roman Catholic archbishops of Genoa
21st-century Italian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI
Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
Members of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
Members of the Congregation for Bishops
Bishops and archbishops of Pesaro
Bishops appointed by Pope John Paul II
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
21st-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops

masks:
Angelo Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Rosa Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Bagnasco
Angelo Bagnasco


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Pauline Ruth "<mask>" <mask> () (15 July 1877 – 22 February 1925) was a British Jewish poet, translator, and social activist. Besides her original poetry, she is best known for her English translations of medieval Hebrew verse—especially of the poems of Judah Halevi—which she began publishing at the age of 16. An advocate for women's education and suffrage, <mask> was a prominent member of the Jewish League for Woman Suffrage, the Federation of Women Zionists, and the Union of Jewish Women. She was the first woman to deliver a sermon in a British Orthodox synagogue and to be elected president of the Jewish Historical Society of England, though her declining health prevented her from taking office. Early life
Pauline Ruth Davis was born on 15 July 1877 at Friarfield House, Derby, the second of two children of Louisa () and . Her father's family were Jewish precision instrument makers, who had immigrated to England from Bavaria in the early nineteenth century. A civil engineer by trade, Arthur Davis mastered the Hebrew language, becoming an accomplished Hebraist noted for his study of cantillation marks in the Tanakh.The family moved to Kilburn, London when <mask> was six weeks old, later settling in Bayswater. Davis gave his daughters an intensive scholarly education in Hebrew and Jewish studies, and took them regularly to the synagogue. The Davises moved in learned Jewish circles, and friends of <mask>'s parents included the families of Nathan Adler, Simeon Singer, Claude Montefiore, Solomon Schechter, Herbert Bentwich, and Elkan Adler. Arthur Davis was one of the "Kilburn Wanderers"—a group of Anglo-Jewish intellectuals that formed around Solomon Schechter in the 1880s—members of which took an interest in <mask>'s work and helped her find publication for her writings. Career

Early career

<mask>'s first published translation, of Abraham ibn Ezra's The Song of Chess, appeared in the Jewish Chronicle on 22 June 1894. Later that year, she contributed an essay and a poem on "The Ideal Minister of the Talmud" to the Jewish Quarterly Review, then under the editorship of Claude Montefiore and Israel Abrahams, and continued thereafter publishing translations of medieval Hebrew poetry in the Jewish press. Israel Zangwill, an acquaintance of her father, provided her with an introduction to Mayer Sulzberger of the Jewish Publication Society of America, which published her Songs of Exile by Hebrew Poets in 1901.The collection, which attracted widespread attention, included translations of poems by Judah Halevi, Abraham ibn Ezra, Eleazar ben Killir, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils, and Meir of Rothenburg, as well as passages from the Talmud and Midrash Rabba. From about 1900, her father worked with Herbert M. Adler, nephew of Chief Rabbi Hermann Adler, on a multivolume edition of the Machzor with a new and modern translation. <mask> and her sister, Elsie, both contributed to the work, devoting themselves to translating the metrical sections of the original into poetry, while their father rendered the prose. The festival prayer book was published as Service of the Synagogue in 1904–9, and became commonplace in synagogues across the English-speaking world. Marriage and family
<mask> met physician Redcliffe <mask> at the New West End Synagogue in July 1901, during Shabbat services. Redcliffe was one of the twelve children of Myer <mask>, a wealthy London ostrich feather merchant. His family had emigrated to England from Holland or the Rhineland in the eighteenth century.They were formally engaged ten days later and married on 23 October 1901, after which Redcliffe temporarily relocated to Berlin to complete advanced training in pathology. He was appointed director of the Pathological Institute at the London Hospital in 1902, but ceased to practice medicine the following year after developing pulmonary tuberculosis. The Salamans spent the winter of 1903–1904 in Montana-sur-Sierre and Montreux, Switzerland, where Redcliffe slowly regained some weight. Upon their return to England, they moved to a thirty-room Elizabethan country house, Homestall, in Barley, Hertfordshire, a small village near Cambridge. <mask> and Redcliffe <mask> lived comfortably in a kosher and Shabbat-observant home with numerous servants, and returned to London frequently to observe Jewish festivals and attend committee meetings. <mask> and Redcliffe <mask> became active in the Jewish community at Cambridge, and entertained generations of Jewish students at their home. <mask> travelled frequently to the town to use the university library and meet with Israel Abrahams, reader in Talmudic and rabbinic literature.Like her father before her, she personally educated her six children at their Hertfordshire home until they went to boarding school (at Clifton College and Bedales School), teaching her sons to read Hebrew before they learned to read English. Later career

<mask> continued after her marriage to write in the columns of Jewish periodicals, including the Jewish Chronicle, the Jewish Quarterly Review, the Menorah Journal, and the Jewish Guardian. A passionate Jewish nationalist, <mask> published in 1916 one of the first English translations of Hatikvah, and later composed the marching song for the Judaeans, the Jewish regiment that participated in the British effort to seize Palestine from the Ottoman Empire during the First World War, in which her husband served as medical officer. A book of original poetry appeared in 1910 to favourable reviews, entitled The Voices of the Rivers, which includes a hymn for the 9th of Av. The following year she released as a gift book for Jewish children Apples and Honey, a collection of poetry and prose by Benjamin Disraeli, Emma Lazarus, George Eliot, Israel Zangwill, Jessie Sampter, Leigh Hunt, Lord Byron, and others. <mask>'s most important work was her Selected Poems of Jehudah Halevi, the second of a series of twenty-five volumes of Jewish Classics issued by the Jewish Publication Society. Released in 1924 after twelve years of preparation, the volume is divided into four sections (The Journey to Zion, Love and Bridal Songs, Poems of Friendship, and Devotional Poems) and contains an introduction by <mask> on the life of Halevi and his work.The translation was based on the Hebrew text from Chaim Brody's edition of Halevi, revised by him for the collection. Activism and community work
Besides her scholarly work, <mask> served as vice-president of the Jewish League for Woman Suffrage, in which position she advocated for the right of women to vote in synagogue elections and for Hebrew education for Jewish girls, was an active member of the  and the Union of Jewish Women, and helped establish the Tottenham Talmud Torah for Girls in North London, to which she donated the royalties of her books. She also participated in various non-Jewish charities, such as the Women's Institute at Barley. At Friday evening services on 5 December 1919, she became the first woman to deliver a sermon in a British Orthodox synagogue, when she spoke on the weekly parashah, Vayishlach, to the Cambridge Hebrew Congregation. The event was met with controversy; Chief Rabbi Joseph Hertz supported <mask>, and ruled that since she only went up to the bimah after the concluding prayer, no religious law had been violated. <mask> was appointed to the council of the Jewish Historical Society of England in 1918, and was elected president in 1922. Her ailing health prevented her from taking office, however, and her husband was elected in her stead.Death and legacy
<mask> died of colorectal cancer at Homestall on 22 February 1925, aged 47. The funeral was held three days later at the Willesden Jewish Cemetery, where the Chief Rabbi officiated and delivered a eulogy, customarily forbidden on Rosh Hodesh except at the funeral of an eminent scholar. An American memorial service was held by Ray Frank-Litman on 28 April, at which Moses Jung, Jacob Zeitlin and Abram L. Sachar made eulogistic remarks. Abraham Yahuda, Herbert M. Adler, Herbert Loewe, Sir Israel Gollancz, Israel Zangwill, Norman Bentwich, and others published tributes in her memory. <mask>'s children were  (1902–1994), pathologist and cancer researcher; Arthur Gabriel <mask> (1904–1964), general practitioner; Raphael Arthur <mask> (1906–1993), engineer; Ruth Isabelle Collet (1909–2001), painter and printmaker; and  (1914–2005), mezzo-soprano. A sixth child, Edward Michael, the twin brother of Arthur, died in 1913 at the age of 9. <mask>'s granddaughter, Jenny Manson, is Chair of Jewish Voice for Labour.A portrait of <mask> by Solomon J. Solomon was acquired by the Jewish Museum London in March 2007. Selected bibliography

References

External links

Works of <mask> at the Online Books Page

1877 births
1925 deaths
19th-century English women writers
19th-century English poets
19th-century Sephardi Jews
20th-century English poets
20th-century Sephardi Jews
British Hebraists
British women hymnwriters
British Zionists
Deaths from cancer in England
Deaths from colorectal cancer
English feminists
English hymnwriters
English Jewish writers
English Orthodox Jews
English people of German-Jewish descent
English suffragists
English translators
English women poets
Hebrew–English translators
Jewish feminists
Jewish poets
Jewish suffragists
Jewish women writers
People from Derby
People from North Hertfordshire District
<mask>aman
Victorian poets
Victorian women writers
Women anthologists

masks:
Nina
Salaman
Salaman
Nina
Nina
Nina
Nina
Nina
Nina
Salaman
Salaman
Nina
Salaman
Nina
Salaman
Nina
Salaman
Salaman
Salaman
Salaman
Salaman
Salaman
Salaman
Nina Salaman
Salaman
Salaman
Salaman
Salaman
Nina Salaman
Nina Salaman
Nina Sal


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<mask> (also Azriel; born <mask>, , ; November 7, 1908 – February 12, 1956) was a leading journalist and editorial writer during the period of Jewish settlement in Palestine and during the early days of the state of Israel. He was the first editor-in-chief of Israel's two largest newspapers, Yediot Ahronot, and then Ma'ariv. Biography
<mask> was born in the city of Leipzig, Germany, descendant of a family of rabbis. His parents were Gertrud Jakoby and <mask> (1879–1936), a rabbi and founder of Höhere Israelitische Schule in Leipzig. <mask> had three sisters, Hanna, Rachel (Shemut) and Cilly, and two brothers, David and Joseph (Yotti). He studied at two yeshivot in Lithuania. First at the Slobodka yeshiva in Kaunas' suburb Slobodka (now Kaunas-Vilijampolė), then with Rabbi Joseph Leib Bloch at the Rabbinical College of Telshe () in Telšiai.He recalled this time in two articles in the journal Menorah. In 1927 he immigrated to Palestine, there learning in Abraham Isaac Kook's Mercaz haRav yeshiva, though afterwards becoming secular. In Jerusalem, one family regularly invited him – as usual for Talmud students – on Shabbat for a free meal. His host had a son, Józef Grawicki, who worked in Warsaw as Sejm-correspondent for the Yiddish daily Haynt (הײַנט, also Hajnt, Engl. : Today). On his way for a visit in Germany, Carlebach stopped in Warsaw, and visited Józef Grawicki, who encouraged him to write for Haynt in Yiddish. One of his articles explored the conflict between the Zionist Rabbi Abraham Kook and the anti-Zionist Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld in Jerusalem.Carlebach's three uncles -  <mask> (1874–1927) and Leopold Rosenak (1868–1923; an uncle by marriage), both Field Rabbis of the imperial German Army, and the educator Rabbi <mask>, who was assigned to them in 1915 - were active in promoting German culture among the Jews in Lithuania and Poland during the German occupation (1915–1918). Erich Ludendorff's intention was to evoke pro-German attitudes among Jews, in order to prepare the installation of a Polish and a Lithuanian state dependent on Germany. Part of the effort was the establishment of Jewish newspapers (e.g. the folkist Warszawer Togblat ווארשאווער טאָגבלאט), of Jewish organisations (e.g. <mask> initiated in Łomża the foundation of the Hassidic umbrella organisation Agudas Yisroel of Poland, part of a non-Zionist movement founded in Germany in 1912) and of modern educational institutions of Jewish alignment. <mask> founded the partly German-language Jüdisches Realgymnasium גימנזיום עברי in Kaunas and directed it until 1919. <mask>'s uncles mostly came down for Hassidim and faced Zionists rather critically.Thus the name Carlebach sounded rather suspicious in the ears of Haynt's audience. From 1929 Carlebach lived in Germany and studied at the Frederick William University of Berlin and the University of Hamburg, receiving a degree as a doctor of law. <mask> died of a heart attack on February 12, 1956, at the age of 47. Thousands attended his funeral. Journalism career
Carlebach wrote for Israelitisches Familienblatt. When Haynt, stricken by a strike, asked for help, Carlebach  sent articles from Germany without payment. Haynt later  financed <mask>'s expeditions to Jewish communities all over Europe and the Mediterranean, covering communities like the Lithuanian Karaites, Sephardi Jews of Thessaloniki (to be later almost completely extinguished by the Nazi occupants), Maghrebian Mizrahi Jews, Yemenite Teimanim, and the crypto-Jewish Dönmeh (Sabbateans) in Turkey as well as Mallorquin Conversos, some of whom he detected while travelling.Carlebach sent regular reports to Haynt, which later became the basis for a book. He also wrote a series of articles describing his travels through Germany, including an encounter with an anti-Semitic gang which left him severely beaten. In June 1931 a publishing house in Leipzig, Deutsche Buchwerkstätten, awarded him its novelist prize of the year, which he shared with Alexander von Keller. <mask>'s novel is set in the Jewish quarter of Jerusalem's old city. He also worked as a freelance journalist for newspapers such as the Hebrew Haaretz, and starting in 1931 – under a permanent appointment – with the Hamburg-based Israelitisches Familienblatt. This paper presented in its cultural insert music, performing and visual art by examples of creative works by Jewish artists. Four to five evenings of the week Carlebach went to the theatre and afterwards composed his reviews, dictating them – freely phrasing – to his assistant Ruth Heinsohn, who right away typed them.In summer 1932 – again financed by Haynt – he travelled to the USSR, among others to Crimea and Birobidzhan, in order to give an account of Jewish life under communist reign. In his report ('Sowjetjudäa', In: Israelitisches Familienblatt and in Haynt) he came to the conclusion that there were neither the possibilities nor an adequate milieu for a genuine Jewish life. Albert Einstein occasionally brought the Sowjetjudäa series up for discussions, so that they had a much broader response than usual. Especially adversaries of Hitler, who relied on the USSR and who naïvely or willfully downplayed the crimes there, were incited to rimunate or to be angry with Carlebach. He assessed the broad controversy on the subject being a journalistic success. "The articles brought forth a flurry of anonymous threatening letters and a vile pamphlet attack upon him from Hamburg's 'Jewish Workers' Study Group.'" The camouflage name of this group (in German: Arbeitsgemeinschaft jüdischer Werktätiger, Hamburg) aimed at rather disguising the harassing of <mask>, the avowed Jew, by the Communist Youth Federation, section Hamburg.On the night of January 3, 1933, the harassment culminated in an assassination attempt. A gunshot cut through his hat just luckily missing him. Carlebach fell over, got concussed and lost consciousness. The police found him later senseless. Israelitisches Familienblatt offered a reward of 2,000 reichsmarks for the capture of the person who did it. By February he had recovered so far that he could resume his work for Israelitisches Familienblatt. Soon after he moved to Berlin.Such experience notwithstanding he continued to attack Nazism. Earlier Carlebach had discovered that Joseph Goebbels, who so vehemently defamed Jews and their alleged detrimental influence, had studied with Jewish professors. Right after the Nazis' Machtergreifung Carlebach was arrested. He attributed the arrest to Goebbels, who resented Carlebach for revealing his Jewish connections. Carlebach  was released from custody because no judicial warrant existed but was forced to go into hiding. He found people who provided him with a hideout and forged papers. In order to move about in the streets of Berlin, Carlebach  dyed his hair and dressed in an SA uniform.In this way, he monitored from within how Nazism tightened its power in Germany and wrote daily articles for Haynt in Warsaw under the pseudonym Levi Gotthelf (לוי גאָטהעלף). On May 10, 1933, he incognito attended as an observer the central book-burning on Opernplatz in Berlin, where also his books were thrown into the fires. Meanwhile, Haynt strove to get Carlebach out of the country. Finally – bearing the counterfeited papers of an Upper Silesian coal miner – he was smuggled  over the border close to city of Katowice in the then Polish part of Upper Silesia. Carlebach's series of articles, being the first inside story on the Nazis' takeover, appeared in Haynt and was republished in Forwerts (פֿאָרווערטס) in New York. In concert with the Zionist Jehoszua Gottlieb, the folkist journalist Saul Stupnicki (Chief editor of Lubliner Tugblat לובלינער טאָגבלאט) and others Carlebach organised in Poland a countrywide series of lectures named Literary Judgments on Germany. The German ambassador to Poland, Hans-Adolf von Moltke, attended the start lecture in Warsaw, sitting in the first line.Carlebach was then permanently appointed at modest salary with Haynt, whose articles – like that one on 'The anti-Semitic International' (of Nuremberg) reappeared in other newspapers such as Nowy Dziennik in Cracow, Chwila in Lwów, Di Yidishe Shtime (די יידישע שטימע) in Kaunas, Frimorgn (פֿרימאָרגן) in Riga and Forverts in New York. Living in Polish exile he got onto the second list (March 29, 1934) of Germans, which were arbitrarily officially denaturalised according to a new law, which also ensued the seizure of all his property in Germany. In 1933 and 1934 Carlebach  traveled for Haynt to report on the Zionist Congress, the International Congress of National Minorities and Goebbels' speech  as German main delegate at

masks:
Ezriel Carlebach
Esriel Gotthelf Carlebach
Ezriel Carlebach
Ephraim Carlebach
Ezriel
Emanuel Carlebach
Joseph Carlebach
Emanuel Carlebach
Joseph Carlebach
Carlebach
Carlebach
Carlebach
Carlebach
Carlebach


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 the League of Nations in Geneva on September 29, 1933. His speech An Appeal to the Nations was an éclat and the subsequent press conference accordingly well attended. Nevertheless, on the sidelines <mask> and Goebbels had a sharp argument on co-operatives exemplified by the newspaper company Haynt. Carlebach reported how the Upper Silesian Franz Bernheim succeeded to prompt the League of Nations (Bernheim petition ) to coerce Germany to abide by the German-Polish Accord on East Silesia. According to that treaty each contractual party guaranteed in its respective part of Upper Silesia equal civil rights for all the inhabitants.So in September 1933 the Reich's Nazi government suspended in Upper Silesia all anti-Semitic discriminations already imposed and excepted the province from all new such invidiousnesses to be decreed, until the Accord expired in May 1937. In 1935 <mask> was appointed chief editor of  daily Yidishe Post (יידישע פאָסט) in London. But he continued to cover travelling the rest of Europe, except of Germany. In Selbstwehr (Prague) Carlebach published a regular column Tagebuch der Woche (diary of the week). In April 1935 Carlebach called attention to Kurt Schuschnigg's anti-Semitic policy in Austria in an interview with the Federal Chancellor. He  adopted an increasingly sharper tone in relation to non-Zionists, whose intentions to stay in Europe, he regarded negligent in view of the development. From 1936 on British policy on Palestine (Peel Commission) stood at the centre of Carlebach's editing.In 1937 Carlebach immigrated to Palestine under an appointment as foreign correspondent of Yidishe Post. In the same year he became a journalist at the newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, afterwards becoming its editor. In early 1939 Carlebach travelled again to Warsaw, meeting with friends there – not knowingly to see many of them for the last time. In 1948, while chief editor of Yedioth Ahronoth, a disagreement broke out between Carlebach and Yehuda Mozes, owner of the paper. <mask> and several senior journalists left Yedioth Ahronoth and founded a new newspaper, Yedioth Ma'ariv, which first appeared on February 15, 1948, with Carlebach as its chief editor. After several months, the paper's name was changed to Ma'ariv, to avoid confusion between it and Yedioth Ahronoth. <mask> <mask> edited the Ma'ariv newspaper from its founding until his death in 1956.While he was editor, Ma'ariv became the most widely read newspaper in the country. He is regarded as one of the great journalists of his period. Views and opinions
Carlebach and his paper opposed the Zionist Socialist party government and its head, David Ben-Gurion. He was also a leader in the opposition to the opening of direct negotiations between Israel and Germany after the war, and the Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany. In 1952 after president Chaim Weizmann’s death Carlebach suggested Albert Einstein in a telegram to become Israel's president. Einstein felt honoured but refused, as he told Carlebach in a letter dated November 21, 1952, written in German. Carlebach deprecated musical censorship as it was demanded by the Israeli government on the occasion of Jascha Heifetz' tour in Israel: "The education minister, Professor Dinur, requested that no Strauss be played.And the justice minister, Dr. Rosen, seconded that request (despite his different personal views on the identification of an artist with his art). … And he sent that request by special messenger … to Jascha Heifetz in Haifa a short time before the concert. Yet Jascha Heifetz received the request from two ministers of Israel, shoved it into his pocket, said whatever he said about opposing musical censorship – and refused to comply. He played Strauss in Haifa, and afterwards in Tel Aviv as well." Carlebach was sympathetic towards conciliation between Jewish and Arab Israelis. Under his pseudonym Rav Ipkha Mistabra he published a series of essays and editorials, in Yedioth Ahronoth, Ma'ariv or in Ner, the journal of the Brit Shalom movement (Engl. lit.Covenant of Peace). By and large, however, Carlebach remained skeptic in how far an understanding with avowed representatives of Islam were possible. Carlebach criticised, that after the verdict of Rudolf Kastner the Israeli government appealed the conviction literally overnight, unable to properly examine at all the substantial grounds for the judgment. In 1954, Carlebach spent a three-week trip in India. "During this visit he met with Nehru and other leaders of the state and the Congress Party." His book about the trip, India: Account of a Voyage, long the only Hebrew book on India, was published in 1956 and became an instant best-seller, appearing in several editions in the years after its initial appearance. Tommy Lapid recalls, Carlebach "shut himself up in the Dan Hotel and from there he sent us his typewritten pages, ready for the printing press.I was his very young secretary, and I watched, with thirst and surprise, the birth of the book. Carlebach was driven to write the book by a powerful inner force, in a creative endeavour that was almost compulsive. Two months later he was dead, at 48. He left a widow, a daughter, and an orphaned newspaper, and this book – a creative outburst of the greatest journalist who wrote in Hebrew." Especially for his publications issued under the pseudonym Ipkha Mistabra, he is considered to be one of the most talented and influential authors of editorials in Hebrew journalism. The Tel Aviv street where the offices of Ma'ariv are located was renamed after Carlebach. See also
Media in Israel

References

External links
 Esriel <mask>, 'Telschi.I. Die Jeschiwah': 4 parts (part 1), In: Menorah; vol. 4, No. 1 (January 1926), pp. 37–44. (1926, German)
 Esriel <mask>, 'Telschi. I.Die Jeschiwah': 4 parts (part 2), In: Menorah; vol. 4, No. 2 (February 1926), pp. 112–116. (1926, German)
 Esriel <mask>, 'Telschi. I. Die Jeschiwah': 4 parts (part 3), In: Menorah; vol.4, No. 4 (April 1926), pp. 231–235. (1926, German)
 Esriel <mask>, 'Telschi. I. Die Jeschiwah': 4 parts (part 4), In: Menorah; vol. 4, No.12 (December 1926), pp. 692–694. (1926, German)
 Esriel <mask>, 'Das Städtchen (Telschi)', In: Menorah; vol. 5, No. 2 (February 1927), pp. 105–108. (1927, German)
 <mask> <mask>’s telegram to Einstein (1952, English)
 Albert Einstein’s letter to <mask> (1952, German)
 Esriel <mask> (under pseudonym "איפכא מסתברא" Ipcha Mistabra), 'זעקי ארץ אהובה' ('Cry, The Beloved Country!'), In: Ma'ariv, December 25, 1953. (1953, Hebrew)
 <mask> <mask>, 'Schrei auf, geliebtes Land!' ('זעקי ארץ אהובה', (under pseudonym "איפכא מסתברא"), In: Ma'ariv, 25. Dezember 1953; dt. ), Ruth Rürup (trl. ), in: Babylon. Beiträge zur jüdischen Gegenwart; vol.3, No. 4 (1988), pp. 111–118  (1953, download of the German translation)
 <mask> <mask>, 'You Can't Come To An Understanding' (Shortened version of an essay on the Jewish-Israeli relationship with Muslims, published in Ma'ariv, 1955; Engl. ), in: Outpost, Americans For a Safe Israel (ed. ), New York, vol. 10, No. 2 (February 2002).(1955, English translation)
 <mask> <mask>, 'לאָמיר זיך דערמאָנען' (Lomir zikh dermonen; letter to Chaim Finkelstein September/November 1955), in: Chaim Finkelstein (חיים פֿינקעלשטיין), Yiddish: הײַנט: א צײַטונג בײַ ײדן, תרס״ח־תרצ״ט (Haynt: a Tsaytung bay Yidn, 668–699, {1908–1939}), Tel-Aviv: פֿארלאג י.ל. פרץ (Farlag Y.L. Perets), 1978, pp. 363–367. (1955, Download of the Yiddish Original named Part 2, p.356-367 in the left column, within the pdf-file from p. 363 on)
 <mask> <mask>, “Let Us Remind Ourselves” ('לאָמיר זיך דערמאָנען' {Lomir zikh dermonen; letter to Chaim Finkelstein, September/November 1955}), Mort Lipsitz (trl. ), in: Chaim Finkelstein (חיים פֿינקעלשטיין), Yiddish: הײַנט: א צײַטונג בײַ ײדן, תרס״ח־תרצ״ט (Haynt: a Tsaytung bay Yidn, 668–699, {1908–1939}), Tel-Aviv: פֿארלאג י.ל. פרץ (Farlag Y.L.Perets), 1978, pp. 363–367. (1955, English translation)
 Shalom Rosenfeld, 'Recollections of <mask> <mask> and the Founding of 'Ma'ariv' ', in: Kesher קשר; No. 30, May 2002 (2002, English)
 Mordecai Naor, 'The Great 'Putsch' in Israel's Press History', in: Kesher קשר; No. 33, May 2003 (2003, English, article on <mask>'s putsch at Yedi'ot Akharonot)

1908 births
1956 deaths
Ezriel
German male writers
Israeli Ashkenazi Jews
Israeli journalists
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
Maariv (newspaper) people
German male journalists
Writers from Leipzig
University of Hamburg alumni
Mercaz HaRav alumni
Yedioth Ahronoth people
Yishuv journalists
Burials at Nahalat Yitzhak Cemetery
20th-century German journalists
Israeli newspaper

masks: Carlebach Carlebach Carlebach Ezriel Carlebach Carlebach Carlebach Carlebach Carlebach Carlebach Ezriel Carlebach Carlebach Carlebach Ezriel Carlebach Ezriel Carlebach Ezriel Carlebach Ezriel Carlebach Ezriel Carlebach Carlebach


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Rear Admiral <mask>, MBE (17 October 1912 – 1988) was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He was the first Indian officer to command a ship of the Royal Indian Navy. During World War II, he commanded the auxiliary patrol vessel HMIS Ratnagiri, for which he was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). He later became the first Indian to command British officers, when he commanded the sloop . He last served as the Flag Officer Bombay, from 1960 to 1964, before retiring. Naval career

Early career
The Indian Mercantile Marine Training Ship Dufferin was established in 1927 to train young men for India's marine service. Karmarkar was successful in the entrance examination and joined the first batch of Indian-entry officers.His course-mate, who topped the batch, was Ram Dass Katari, who became the first Indian Chief of the Naval Staff. The batch trained on the Dufferin until 1930. Karmarkar graduated ranked 6th in overall merit. World War II
With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, <mask> was commissioned as a temporary lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR). He was posted to the Royal Naval base in Aden - . On 15 June 1940, he was transferred from the RNR to the Royal Indian Naval Reserve (RINR) and his RNR commission was terminated. The next day, on 16 June 1940, he was transferred to HMIS Dalhousie in Bombay in the rank of lieutenant.On 21 December 1940, he was appointed commanding officer (CO) of the auxiliary patrol vessel HMIS Ratnagiri, the first Indian officer to command a ship. The Commander-in-Chief, East Indies requested three anti-submarine patrol vessels for operations in the Red Sea. The Ratnagiri, apart from Netravati and Parvati was despatched. After arriving in the Rea Sea, she was sent to Port Sudan. From February 1941, she was tasked with troop and supplies transport. Starting from 11 February to about May, Ratnagiri made multiple trips ferrying troops and supplies from Port Sudan to Mersa Taclai. In spite of risky conditions like underwater reefs and mines, Karmarkar led Ratnagiri to land 750 Free French troops.He later led the ship to ferry Indian, British and African troops. In September that year, Karmarkar led the Ratnagiri to evacuate Yemeni nationals from French Somaliland. For his exemplary command of the ship, Karmarkar was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1942. On 1 December 1942, Karmarkar was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant commander and given command of the  minesweeper . The Madras was part of the East Indies Fleet and he led the ship on multiple escort missions. In April 1944, Karmarkar was posted to the boys' training establishment HMIS Bahadur in Karachi. Shortly afterward, on 30 June, he was promoted to the acting rank of commander.On 30 November 1944, <mask> was appointed commanding officer of the  sloop  and became the first Indian officer to command British officers. He led the Kistna as escort to convoys as part of the East Indies Fleet. After the war, in early 1946, the 56th Services Selection Board was set up at Lonavla to screen the RINR and Royal Indian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RINVR) officers for a permanent commission in the RIN. <mask> was appointed a member of the board. He then received orders to take command of , just before the Royal Indian Navy mutiny broke out. <mask>, along with Katari and S. N. Kohli met with the future Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in Mumbai and discussed about the mutiny. Post-Independence
In 1947, <mask> took command of HMIS Hamla, the training establishment in Bombay.After a short stint, he moved to Naval headquarters as Director of Personnel Services (DPS). On 8 October 1949, he was promoted to the acting rank of Captain and appointed Chief of Administration (COA) at NHQ, replacing Captain B. S<mask>. As the COA, he double-hatted as the Chief of Materiel. In 1948, the cruiser  was purchased from the United Kingdom. She was commissioned on 5 July 1948, with Captain H.N.S. Brown as the commanding officer and became the flagship of the Indian Navy. In October 1950, <mask> became the second Indian to command the Delhi, when he took over from Captain A. K. Chatterji.Under him, Delhi served as the flagship of the Rear Admiral Commanding Indian Naval Squadron (RACINS) Rear Admiral <mask> and had Commander B. A<mask> as the executive officer. As the Commanding Officer of the Delhi, Karmarkar received a plaque from the Government of New Zealand, in recognition of her services to New Zealand and as a goodwill gesture to India. In her earlier avatar, the Delhi was  and served in the Royal New Zealand Navy. The plaque, with the crests of both Achilles and Delhi was presented by the New Zealand Trade Commissioner in India. On 31 May 1951, the Delhi escorted by the R-class destroyers ,  and  and the frigates ,  and  sailed from Bombay, on a six-week goodwill cruise to East Africa and Madagascar. The RACINS Rear Admiral Barnard flew his flag on the Karmarkar's Delhi.On the ship were also embarked, the Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy Vice Admiral Sir Edward Parry and the Air Officer Commanding Operational Command Air Commodore Arjan <mask>. The C-in-C and the AOC disembarked at Cochin and the Indian Naval squadron continued on its cruise. The squadron with Karmarkar as the flag captain called on Mombasa, Dar es Salaam, <mask>. While at Mombasa, Jomo Kenyatta, the future first Prime Minister and President of Kenya visited the Delhi. He stayed on board the ship for a few days, being accommodated in Karmarkar's cabin. While returning to India, it called on Addu Atoll in the Maldives. Karmarkar later added about his ship, "The Delhi stood out majestically with great dignity and slick appearance."After a two-year stint as CO of Delhi, in September 1952, <mask> was appointed Captain Indian Naval Barracks (CAPBRAX) and Commanding Officer of INS Angre in Bombay. He relinquished command, handing over to Captain R. S. David in January 1953. In March 1954, he succeeded Captain Ajitendu Chakraverti as Captain Superintendent Indian Naval Dockyard in Bombay. He served as the Captain Superintendent for about two-and-a-half years, till November 1956. In November 1956, <mask> was promoted to Commodore appointed the next Commodore-in-Charge Cochin (COMCHIN). He took over from Commodore B. S<mask> in early 1957. In August 1958, the Indian fleet, commanded by Rear Admiral Ajitendu Chakraverti, conducted exercises with the Royal Navy off Cochin.Karmarkar, as the COMCHIN, was responsible for the logistical support and providing shore facilities for smooth functioning of the exercises. Under Karmarkar, the first armament depot was opened at Aluva in 1958. In March 1960, the Indian fleet again participated in the Commonwealth Joint exercises and training (JET) which was the largest till then, with the Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Ceylon Navy, Pakistan Navy, Royal New Zealand Navy and Royal Malaysian Navy participating. This was also supported by the Cochin Command, with Karmarkar as COMCHIN. Flag rank
After about three-and-a-half years building the Cochin command, <mask> was promoted to the acting rank of Rear admiral and appointed Flag Officer Bombay (FOB) in April 1960. The Bombay Command was the pre-cursor of the current Western Naval Command. He was promoted to the substantive rank of Rear admiral on 16 June 1960.In November 1961, India's first aircraft carrier , commanded by Captain P. S. Mahindroo, reached home waters. She was welcomed by the flagship  and aircraft of the Indian Air Force. The same day, the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru and the Chief of the Naval Staff Vice Admiral Katari visited her at Bombay. As the FOB, <mask> was among the senior officers welcoming the ship and the Prime Minister. <mask> had a long tenure of over four years as Flag Officer Bombay. In 1964, he relinquished command, handing over to Rear Admiral R. S. David. He was then placed on the retired list on 16 June 1964.He died in 1988 following an operation, and was cremated in Pune with full military honours. See also
 Admiral Ram Dass Katari

References

Bibliography

Indian Navy admirals
Royal Indian Navy officers
1912 births
1988 deaths
Members of the Order of the British Empire

masks:
Sadashiv Ganesh Karmarkar
Karmarkar
Karmarkar
Karmarkar
Karmarkar
Karmarkar
. Soman
Karmarkar
Geoffrey Barnard
. Samson
Singh
Diego Suarez
Karmarkar
Karmarkar
. Soman
Karmarkar
Karmarkar
Karmarkar


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<mask> () (1531–1609) of Merryfield in the parish of Ilton, Somerset, and Edge in the parish of Branscombe, Devon, was a posthumous co-founder of Wadham College, Oxford, with his wife <mask> who, outliving him, saw the project through to completion in her late old age. He was Sheriff of Somerset in 1585. Origins
<mask> was probably born at Merryfield, a moated and fortified manor house, built around 1400 by his ancestor Sir <mask> of Edge, a Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of King Richard II. He was the only surviving son of <mask> (d. 1578) of Merryfield and Edge, Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset in 1556, by his wife Joan Tregarthin (d. 1583), daughter and co-heiress of John Tregarthin of Cornwall, and widow of John Kelloway of Cullompton, Devon. Wadham's grandfather, Sir <mask> (1472–1542), was a member of parliament in the English Reformation Parliament of 1529, Sheriff of Devon, Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset, Sheriff of Wiltshire, Captain of the Isle of Wight at Carisbrooke Castle, Vice Admiral to Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and, with his uncle Sir <mask> (Sheriff of Gloucestershire), accompanied King Henry VIII to the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. Career
A biography written before 1637 states that <mask> attended Corpus Christi College, Oxford as a commoner, but did not take a degree. He may have lodged with John Kennall, the civil lawyer, later canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford.<mask> was briefly at court, as the text relates: vitam aulicam aliquantisper ingressus est ("he entered the courtly life for a moderately long time"). A certain "<mask> of Brimpton, Somerset", was admitted to the Inner Temple on 9 March 1553 on the pledge of Richard Baker, who was married to Catherine Tyrell, a stepdaughter of Sir William Petre (Wadham's father-in-law), Principle Secretary to King Henry VIII. Due to the Petre connection, it is likely that the record refers to the <mask> who is the subject of this article. <mask> was appointed to the commission of the peace and other minor commissions in Somerset, appearing as executor and overseer in the wills of other Somerset gentlemen. Two personal letters of his exist, one from Sir Amias Paulet (1532–1588), Ambassador to Paris, advising that Wadham was unlikely 'to be envious of our French news' and thanking him for his efforts in the leasing of Paulet's park. The other letter was to Sir John Talbot of Grafton (1545–1611), who had married Dorothy's sister Katherine Petre, regarding Wadham's work in negotiating a lease. <mask> was known for his hospitality and he maintained a fine household at Merifield, described by Thomas Fuller (1608–1661) as "an inn at all times, a court at Christmas".<mask> and his wife were suspected of recusancy. In 1608 the privy council ordered a stay of proceedings against both <mask> and his wife on a charge of recusancy. John Carpenter, Rector of Branscombe, dedicated to him his literary work "Contemplations", for the Institution of Children in the Christian Religion (1601), noting his "gentle affability with all persons" and his generosity. Marriage

On 3 September 1555 at St Botolph's, Aldersgate in the City of London, <mask> married Dorothy Petre (1534/5–1618), the eldest daughter of Sir William Petre, Principal Secretary to King Henry VIII. The couple had no children. <mask> and his wife lived with his parents until his father's death in 1578, when his mother moved into her dower house at Edge. Her monumental tomb survives in the Church of St Winifred, Branscombe, Devon.Death and burial
On 20 October 1609, aged seventy-seven, <mask> died at Merrifield. In his will he left the huge sum of £500 for his funeral expenses and directed his body be buried "in myne ile at Ilminster where myne auncestors lye interred". He was duly buried in the Wadham chapel in the Church of St Mary, Ilminster on 21 November 1609; his monument survives in the north-east corner of the Chapel (north transept) of St Mary's. It consists of a 1689 Baroque monument erected by his subsequent heirs Sir Edward Wyndham, 2nd Baronet and Thomas Strangways on which was re-placed the Purbeck marble slab inset with late-Gothic-style post-Reformation monumental brasses from the original monument which had collapsed. The monument was again restored in 1899 by the architect Thomas Graham Jackson (1835–1924). There is, according to A. K. Wickham, "no finer post-Reformation brass in England". Following his father's example, his will ordered a full heraldic funeral, with alms to be distributed throughout the county.Statues survive of <mask> and his wife Dorothy Petre at their foundation, Wadham College, Oxford, high on the external wall of one of the buildings. Thomas Moore (1779–1852) described him as "an ancient schismatic", referring to his attendance at Church of England services, and described <mask> as "dying a Catholic". Succession
At his death he owned almost 30 manors and other lands and tenements in the counties of Devon, Dorset and Somerset, including:

Manor of Wadham, Knowstone, Devon: original seat of the family, from which they took their name
Manor of Silverton, Devon: purchased in 1386 by Sir <mask>
Edge in Branscombe, Devon: estate purchased c. 1370 by Sir John Wadham
Merryfield in Ilton near Yeovil, Somerset which became the main seat of the family: built on land purchased around 1400 by Sir John Wadham from Cecily de Beauchamp a sister and co-heiress of John Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Beauchamp of Somerset of the feudal barony of Hatch Beauchamp, with nearby land at Braydon inherited by a later generation of the Wadham family from Sir Stephen Popham. Broad life (sic)
Pole Anthony (from the Rede (or Read) family to Popham to Wadham)
Manor of Penselwood, Somerset: part of the inheritance of Margaret Chiseldon of the Manor of Holcombe Rogus, Devon, who married Sir <mask> (died 1452). Chiselborough, Somerset
Manor of Haydon, Somerset
Norcot
Widicomb
Sydmouth
Wirgland
Manor of Lustleigh, Devon purchased 1403 by Sir John Wadham. The medieval hall and solar still exist: “Uphill and Great Hall, Mapstone Hill: A major medieval house preserving two fine roofs, the property of the Wadham family of Ilminster in the C15 ..The date may be c.1400.”
Eton
Tidcock
Oldbury
Cullioford
Guttesham (not Gittesham, Devon, never held by Wadham)

He died childless, and all his estates and other wealth had been expected to pass to the children of his three sisters:
Joan Wadham (d. 1603), widow of Sir Giles Strangways, MP, ancestors of the Earls of Ilchester, and then Sir John Young, MP. She bore the former 4 sons and 2 daughters, and the latter 2 daughters and a son.In 1592, she was a party in the landmark Case of the Swans. <mask>, wife of Sir <mask> (1529–1595) of Athelhampton, Dorset. The couple's monumental brass, showing them kneeling beneath an escutcheon with the ancient arms of FitzMartin (Argent, two bars gules) impaling Wadham, survives in St Mary's Church, Puddletown, Dorset. <mask>, in full armour, kneels bare-headed before an altar on which is an open book. His three sons, who all predeceased him, kneel behind him. To the right is his wife <mask>, behind whom kneel their seven daughters, of whom four survived as co-heiresses. Athelhampton descended by marriage of their daughter Elizabeth Martin to Henry Brune to Mary Brune, who married Sir Ralph Bankes of Kingston Lacy and Corfe Castle, their great-great-granddaughter.<mask> (d. 1596), wife of Sir John Wyndham (d. 1572) of Orchard Wyndham, Watchet, in Somerset, and mother of Sir John Wyndham (1558–1645), ancestor of the Wyndham Earls of Egremont of Petworth House in Sussex. Instead he determined to use much of his wealth to perpetuate his name and in 1606 he founded an almshouse for eight poor people at Ilton. <mask> had also been saving money to found a college at Oxford, yet his intentions had not been written down and his instructions on his death-bed were contradictory. Despite this, his wife Dorothy, adding much of her own paternal inheritance, attended to his wishes and, in her old age, oversaw the construction Wadham College, Oxford to its completion. The descendants of his sisters nevertheless still received large inheritances from <mask>, including the manor of Ilton (to Wyndham); the manor of Wadham, Knowstone, (to Wyndham and Strangways); Lustleigh (to Wyndham and Strangways); Edge, Branscombe (to Wyndham and Strangways), Silverton in Devon (to Wyndham); Chiselborough (to Strangways) etc. Today, in 2017, the <mask> family's Merryfield estate is still owned by the Wyndham family of Orchard Wyndham. References

Davies, C. S. L. 'Wadham, <mask> (1531/2–1609)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.Further reading
Prince, John, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, biography of <mask>, Sir John, Knight, (died 1412), pp. 748–752
Stevens, Hariet Weeks Wadhams, Wadhams (sic) Genealogy, Preceded by a Sketch of the Wadham Family of England, New York, 1913
Rogers, William Henry Hamilton, Memorials of the West, Historical and Descriptive, Collected on the Borderland of Somerset, Dorset and Devon, Exeter, 1888, pp.147–173, The Founder and Foundress of Wadham
Thomas Graham Jackson, Wadham College, Oxford, its Foundation, Architecture and History, with an Account of the Family of Wadham and their Seats in Somerset and Devon, Oxford, 1893

Wadham, Nicolas
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
1530s births
1609 deaths
16th-century English people
17th-century English people
People from Somerset
Nicholas

masks:
Nicholas Wadham
Dorothy Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
John Wadham
John Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
Edward Wadham
Wadham
Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
Wadham
Wadham
Wadham
Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
Wadham
Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
Wadham
John Wadham
William Wadham
Margaret Wadham
Nicholas Martyn
Nicholas Martyn
Margaret Wadham
Florence Wadham
Wadham
Nicholas Wham
Wadham
Nicholas
Wadham


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Dame <mask>  (28 March 19027 July 1984) was an English actress and star of the theatrical stage and cinema, particularly renowned for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity. Her range extended from queens to murderesses. Early life
<mask> was born on 28 March 1902 in South Shields, County Durham, of Scottish descent to a family of six siblings. Many of her forebears were engineers, mostly in shipping. Her father was a ship's engineer who moved from Wallsend near Newcastle to Palmers Green in 1907 and Southgate in 1910, both in north London, and later to Welwyn Garden City. She was educated at the Palmers Green High School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, where she won a bronze medal in 1921. Career
Her father discovered that <mask> had a talent for recitation and, from the age of 5, she was taken around by horse and carriage to recite, and to compete in recitations.This established a pattern that remained with her. <mask> made her stage debut in 1921. By the 1930s she was appearing in several prominent films both in the UK and in Hollywood, alongside such stars as Laurence Olivier, Paul Muni and George Raft. Her most notable role was that of Queen Elizabeth I in both Fire Over England (1937) and The Sea Hawk (1940). In 1934, <mask> played the Empress Elizabeth in Alexander Korda's The Rise of Catherine the Great (1934). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Angelique Buiton, a servant, in Saratoga Trunk (1945). The same year, audiences in the U.K. and the U.S. watched her hypnotic performance as Ftatateeta, the nursemaid and royal confidante and murderess-upon-command to Vivien Leigh's Queen Cleopatra in the screen adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra (1945).After the Second World War, demonstrating her range, she appeared in Holiday Camp (1947), the first of a series of films which featured the very ordinary Huggett family; as Sister Philippa in Black Narcissus (1947); as a magistrate in Good-Time Girl (1948); as a prospective Labour MP in Frieda (1947); and in the costume melodrama Saraband for Dead Lovers (1948). Her other film roles included the Empress Dowager Cixi in 55 Days at Peking (1963), Miss Milchrest in Murder at the Gallop (1963), the Queen of Hearts in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972), and Livia in the aborted I, Claudius in 1937. She struggled to find a footing in the theatre after she graduated from RADA with a bronze medal since she lacked the conventional good looks which were then an absolute requisite for actresses in dramatic roles. After touring in minor parts with Ben Greet's Shakespeare company she may have played small parts for two seasons in the new repertory company at Oxford, but her contract was not renewed. She was told that they required a prettier actress. Unable to secure any acting engagements, she gave up the stage at the age of 23, and she took up work as a welfare officer in the Shredded Wheat factory in Welwyn Garden City. Tyrone Guthrie, due to direct a season at the new Festival Theatre, Cambridge, asked her to join his company.Her performance as the stepdaughter in Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author made her the theatrical talk of Cambridge. She followed  with Isabella in Measure for Measure with Robert Donat, Pirandello's Naked, the title role in Iphigenia in Tauris, Varya in The Cherry Orchard, and Rebecca West in Henrik Ibsen's Rosmersholm. In 1931, she was cast as the adulterous Abbie in Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms. Her brief, shocking appearance as the doomed prostitute in James Bridie's play The Anatomist put her firmly on the road to success. "If you are not moved by this girl's performance, then you are immovable" the Observer critic wrote. This success would lead to her famous 1933 season as leading lady at the Old Vic. She continued her acting career late into life, though not on the West End stage, from which she retired at the age of 67, often for American television films, including a lavish production of A Tale of Two Cities (in which she played Miss Pross).She also performed for British television, including The Shrimp and the Anemone. In the 1960s, she continued to act in the West End, in Ring Round the Moon, The Importance of Being Earnest and Three Sisters, among others. She continued to act on film and television. She was last briefly seen as a Stygian Witch in the fantasy adventure Clash of the Titans in 1981. Both the BBC and ITV made special programs to celebrate her 80th birthday in 1982, and the BBC ran a short season of her best films. Awards and honours
She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress as Angelique Buiton, a Haitian maid, in Saratoga Trunk (1945). She was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1952 New Year Honours, and raised to Dame Commander (DBE) in the 1960 Birthday Honours.She was also the first famous name to become president of the Brighton Little Theatre. On 4 July 1958, she received an honorary DLitt from Durham University at a congregation in Durham Castle. She was the subject of This Is Your Life in February 1961 when she was surprised by Eamonn Andrews in central London. Personal life and death

Her private life was largely focused on her large family of sisters, nephews and nieces, who used the home in Wykeham Terrace, Brighton, which she shared with sisters, Margaret and Shela. She died in Brighton, aged 82, in her sleep, of cancer. She was never married and had no children. The two sisters, with whom she shared her life and home, died around the same time: Shela shortly before <mask>, in 1984, and Margaret on 1 February 1985.Legacies

Dame <mask> Avenue, built in 1962, in Simonside, South Shields, is named after her. There is a plaque on the house in Wykeham Terrace, Dyke Road, Brighton, and also one in the doorway of St. Nicholas's Church, of which <mask> was a great supporter. There is also a plaque to commemorate the opening of the Prince Charles Theatre (Leicester Square, London) by <mask>. In 1996, the British Film Institute erected a plaque at number 14 Marine Gardens, location of <mask>'s other home in Brighton, where she lived from 1961 to 1976. A plaque at 40 Handside Lane in Welwyn Garden City records <mask> living there from 1923 to 1925. A blue plaque sponsored by Southgate District Civic Trust and <mask>'s former school Palmers Green High School was unveiled at her family home from 1910 to 1921, The Lawe, 65, The Mall, Southgate, on 25 April 2010. <mask> attended the opening of the Flora Robson Playhouse in Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, in 1962, which was named in her honour.The building was demolished in 1971 and the theatre company it housed relocated to the new University Theatre.

masks:
Flora McKenzie Robson
Flora McKenzie Robson
Flora
Robson
Robson
Flora
Flora Robson
Flora Robson
Flora Robson
Flora
Flora Robson
Robson
Robson


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<mask> (15 October 1935 – 21 August 2008), was an English rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1970s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Featherstone Rovers (Heritage № 348) (captain) and Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 710), as a right-footed goal-kicking  or , i.e. number 7, 8 or 10, or 13, during the era of contested scrums, and coached at club level for Batley. Background
<mask> was born in Sharlston, near Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was the younger brother of Peter, and the older brother of <mask>, and together they formed one of the legendary rugby league families. <mask> holds the Featherstone Rovers record for tries scored (162) and is third on their all-time goal-kicking charts with 503 in 369 appearances, itself the 7th most in Featherstone Rovers' history, having enjoyed 13 years at Featherstone Rovers, before joining Wakefield Trinity in 1965 for £3,000 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £98,750 in 2013). <mask> earned his début for Featherstone Rovers as a  on Wednesday 9 September 1953.A gifted player, he broke the Featherstone Rovers' record points scored in a season, the next winter and was called up for England's game against France. He was an outstanding kicker, scoring 12 goals in a Challenge Cup victory against Stanningley ARLFC in 1964. He was understudy to Alex Murphy on the 1962 Lions tour of Australasia and then moved to  where he earned his sole Test cap for Great Britain against Australia in 1963. He joined Wakefield in 1965, linking up with his young brother Neil, and they enjoyed great success with Wakefield Trinity. After he retired from playing in 1970, he coached Batley from November 1972 to October 1974, before becoming a safety-joiner in the South Yorkshire coalfield. He died in a hospital in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. Playing career

International honours

Great Britain
<mask> won a cap for Great Britain while at Featherstone Rovers in 1963 against Australia (1-try, 2-goals), he also represented Great Britain while at Featherstone Rovers between 1952 and 1956 against France (1 non-Test match), and he was selected for Great Britain while at Featherstone Rovers for the 1962 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand.England
<mask> won one cap for England, during the 1955-56 European Rugby League Championship, v France on 10 May 1956; France won 23-9. County honours
<mask> won caps for Yorkshire while at Featherstone Rovers; during the 1956–57 season against Cumberland and Lancashire, and during the 1958–59 season against and Lancashire, he also won a cap(s) for Yorkshire while at Wakefield Trinity. Championship Final appearances
<mask> played  in Wakefield Trinity's 21-9 victory over St. Helens in the Championship Final replay during the 1966–67 season at Station Road, Swinton on Wednesday 10 May 1967, and played right-, i.e. number 10, and scored a goal in the 17-10 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers in the Championship Final during the 1967–68 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 4 May 1968. Challenge Cup Final appearances
<mask> played right-, i.e. number 10, and scored 2-conversions in Wakefield Trinity's 10-11 defeat by Leeds in the 1967–68 Challenge Cup "Watersplash" Final during the 1967–68 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 11 May 1968, in front of a crowd of 87,100. The match was played on a waterlogged pitch and the score was 11-7 to Leeds when Ken Hirst scored a try under the posts for Wakefield Trinity with the final play of the game.Tries were worth three points at that time, making the score 11-10, but a simple 2-point conversion was all that was needed to give Wakefield an unassailable one-point lead, and win the game. Wakefield Trinity fans were jubilant as the conversion from in front of the posts is by far the easiest kick in rugby league. <mask> had already scored two more difficult conversions in the game, and he was such a prolific kicker that it realistically should have presented no problem. However, the waterlogged state of the pitch made this a more difficult proposition, and <mask> lost his footing and sliced the ball wide of the posts. The final whistle was blown immediately afterwards, giving Leeds a dramatic one-point victory. Commentator Eddie Waring said of <mask>, 'He's a poor lad', a remark which became a widely quoted piece of commentary. <mask> had already been chosen to win the Lance Todd Trophy for his performance in the match, but he was disconsolate and trudged off the pitch.Interviewed by David Coleman on television later, he was asked if the trophy was any consolation and replied "not really, no". The boots he was wearing during the game are now on display at Wakefield Museum. County Cup Final appearances
<mask> played , and scored a try in Featherstone Rovers' 15-14 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1959–60 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1959–60 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 31 October 1959, and played  in Featherstone Rovers' 0-10 defeat by Halifax in the 1963–64 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1963–64 season at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 2 November 1963. Drop-goals (field-goals)
<mask> appears to have scored no drop-goals (or field-goals as they are currently known in Australasia), but prior to the 1974–75 season all goals, whether; conversions, penalties, or drop-goals, scored 2-points, consequently prior to this date drop-goals were often not explicitly documented, therefore '0' drop-goals may indicate drop-goals not recorded, rather than no drop-goals scored. Testimonial match
<mask>'s benefit season/testimonial match at Featherstone Rovers took place during the 1963–64 season. Honoured at Featherstone Rovers
<mask> is a Featherstone Rovers Hall of Fame inductee.References

External links
SportsFile: Caught in Time: Leeds win the Challenge Cup, 1968
Obituary in The Telegraph
Obituary in The Times
Obituary in The Independent
Obituary in The Guardian
Rugby Cup Final 1968

1935 births
2008 deaths
Batley Bulldogs coaches
Batley Bulldogs players
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league coaches
English rugby league players
Featherstone Rovers captains
Featherstone Rovers players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Lance Todd Trophy winners
People from Sharlston
Rugby league halfbacks
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Wakefield
Wakefield Trinity players
Yorkshire rugby league team players

masks:
Donald Fox
Don Fox
Neil Fox
Don
Don Fox
Don Fox
Fox
Don Fox
Don Fox
Don Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Don Fox
Don Fox
Don Fox
Don Fox


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<mask>, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven (1593 – 14 May 1631; also spelled Mervin, Touchet), was an English nobleman who was convicted of rape and sodomy and subsequently executed. He is the only member of parliament to be executed for a non-political crime. A son of George Tuchet, 1st Earl of Castlehaven and 11th Baron Audley, by his wife, <mask>, he was known by the courtesy title of Lord Audley during his father's lifetime, so is sometimes referred to as Mervyn Audley. He was knighted by James I in 1608, before he studied law at the Middle Temple. He served as Member of the Parliament of England for Dorset in the Addled Parliament of 1614 and was a Justice of the Peace for the counties of Dorset, Somerset, and Wiltshire. He succeeded his father on 20 February 1616 or 1617 as Earl of Castlehaven and Baron Audley. He left six children upon his death.Sometime before 1608 (records of the marriage are lacking), Lord Audley married Elizabeth Barnham, a sister-in-law of the philosopher and scientist Francis Bacon, and with her he had six children. By all accounts the marriage was a loving and successful one, ending with her death in 1622. His second marriage, on 22 July 1624, at Harefield, Middlesex, was to the former Lady Anne Stanley (1580–1647), elder daughter and co-heiress of Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby (by his wife, Alice Spencer), and widow of Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos. They had a daughter, Anne Touchet, who died young. Lady Anne was significantly older than Castlehaven, and the marriage was not a success, but in 1628 Lord Castlehaven's son was married to her thirteen-year-old daughter, Elizabeth; a marriage of step-children. Trial on charges of rape and sodomy
In 1630, Castlehaven was publicly accused of raping his wife and committing sodomy with two of his servants. Castlehaven's son, James, claimed that it was the extent of Castlehaven's "uxoriousness" toward his male favourites which led to his initial lodging of a complaint.At a trial by his peers, it was stated that one such favourite, Henry Skipwith, had arrived at Fonthill Gifford in 1621 and that within a few years he was so close to Castlehaven that he sat at the family's table and was to be addressed as "Mister Skipwith" by the servants. Several years later, Giles Broadway arrived at the house and received similar treatment. It was not long before Castlehaven was providing Skipwith with an annual pension, and he was accused of attempting to have Skipwith inseminate his daughter-in-law, to produce an heir from Skipwith instead of his son. In fact, the countess and Skipwith had an adulterous relationship. Charges were brought against Castlehaven on the complaint of his eldest son and heir, who feared disinheritance, and were heard by the Privy Council under the direction of Thomas Coventry, Lord High Steward. Lady Castlehaven gave evidence of a household which she said was infested with debauchery, and the Attorney-General acting for the prosecution explained to the court that Castlehaven had become ill because "he believed not God", an impiety which made Castlehaven unsafe. However, he insisted he was not guilty and that his wife and son had conspired together in an attempt to commit judicial murder.All witnesses against Castlehaven would gain materially by his death (as the defendant put it: "It is my estate, my Lords, that does accuse me this day, and nothing else") and "News writers throughout England and as far away as Massachusetts Bay speculated about the outcome." Castlehaven maintained his innocence, and the trial aroused considerable public debate. After some deliberation the Privy Council returned a unanimous verdict of guilty on the charge of rape. The sodomy charge was also upheld, but by a slim margin as not all jurors agreed that actual penetration had taken place. The case remains of interest to some as an early trial concerning male homosexuality, but ultimately its greatest influence proved to be as a precedent in spousal rights, as it became the leading case establishing an injured wife's right to testify against her husband. Castlehaven was convicted, attainted, and three weeks later beheaded on Tower Hill for his sexual crimes: namely the "unnatural crime" of sodomy, committed with his page Laurence (or Florence) FitzPatrick, who confessed to the crime and was executed; and assisting Giles Browning (alias Broadway), who was also executed, in the rape of his wife Anne, Countess of Castlehaven, in which Lord Castlehaven was found to have participated by restraining her. The page who was executed, Laurence FitzPatrick, testified that Lady Castlehaven "was the wickedest woman in the world, and had more to answer for than any woman that lived".In The Complete Peerage, Cokayne adds that the death of Castlehaven was certainly brought about by his wife's manipulations and that her undoubted adultery with one Ampthill and with Henry Skipwith renders her motives suspicious. According to the historian Cynthia B. Herrup, Anne was the equal of Lord Castlehaven in immorality. Under the terms of the attainder, Castlehaven forfeited his English barony of Audley, created for heirs general, but retained his Irish earldom and barony since it was an entailed honour protected by the statute De Donis. When he was beheaded on Tower Hill on 14 May 1631, those Irish titles passed to his son James. Children
Mervyn Touchet's first marriage (before 1608) was with Elizabeth Barnham (1592 – c. 1622–4), daughter of London alderman Benedict Barnham and his wife, Dorothea Smith, and they had six surviving children:

 James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven (1612–1684), who married Elizabeth Brydges (1614 or 1615 – 1679), daughter of his stepmother, but left no surviving children
 Lady Frances Touchet (born 1617)
 Hon. George Touchet (died ), who became a Benedictine monk
 <mask> Tuchet, 4th Earl of Castlehaven (died 1686)
 Lady Lucy Touchet (died 1662)
 Lady Dorothy Touchet (died 1635)

His second marriage was with Lady Anne Stanley, 22 July 1624, daughter of Ferdinando Stanley and Alice Spencer. From this marriage there was one daughter:

 Anne Touchet, died young.References

Rictor Norton, "The Trial of <mask> Touchet, Earl of Castlehaven, 1631", The Great Queens of History. Updated 8 August 2009

1593 births
1631 deaths
12
02
Executed politicians
People convicted under a bill of attainder
Executions at the Tower of London
Executed English people
People executed for sodomy
Sex scandals
People executed by Stuart England by decapitation
Members of the Middle Temple
English politicians convicted of crimes

masks:
Mervyn Tuchet
Lucy Mervyn
Mervyn
Mervyn


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<mask> (, ;  – 19 August 1978) was a Soviet officer and later Marshal of the engineer troops, responsible for logistics, fortification and military infrastructure during and after World War II. He was tasked on several occasions with fortifying strategically important areas and also reconstruction, including all Black Sea ports during and after World War II. He served primarily on military engineering and defense strategy posts, including being the Deputy Minister of Defence and would play a major role in the structural development of the Soviet armed forces and strategic missile forces during the Cold War era. An avenue in Georgia's capital Tbilisi and a street in the city of Sevastopol have been named after Marshal <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born on November 27, 1915, in the village Spatagori of the Tsageri Municipality in Georgia. The boy was not yet six years old when his father, known in the Caucasus as <mask> the engineer, died of typhoid fever. The orphan had to learn to live and grow up the hard way.But instead of breaking the young man, it only contributed in steeling his character. In 1936 after graduating from the Tbilisi Industrial Institute, he started his career as engineer. After only three years his life took a radical change. Gelovani joined the Soviet Army as the army was in need of competent experts, since it became clearer that a war would be the case soon or later. The young engineer quickly found his place in the armed forces and rose through its ranks. Military career

As a military technician of 1st rank, he began his activities with the Black Sea Fleet and got soon appointed to chief engineer for constructions. The Great Patriotic War found him quickly when he led a small task force of engineers to construct several artillery positions and place artillery batteries on them under heaviest enemy shelling and impossible conditions.The 152 mm guns would play a great role during the Battle of Perekop which was part of the Crimean Offensive. For completing this mission <mask> received his first and personally most memorable award, the Order of the Red Star. Many more would follow. In the postwar years, <mask> <mask>'s work was accociated mainly to Reconstruction, particularly coastal areas of the Black Sea. Thus in 1953 he was appointed Chief of Military Infrastructure in the port city of Sevastopol, which was heavily damaged during the war. The reconstruction of Sevastopol was given high importance as it would serve as the main base of the Black Fleet and was strictly observed by Moscow. Due to his huge success and numerous other efforts in the area, <mask> would be later granted the title of 'Honorary Citizen and Hero of Sevastopol' in 1976.One of Sevastopols streets was also named after him. From 1956 to 1959 <mask> performed construction works while being second in command of the Black Sea Fleet. Later on the same year, he got appointed to deputy commander of the Soviet Navy Construction Buro with the rank of Major-General. The success of military builder <mask> <mask> evaluated which made him receive a position as Chief Engineer of the Strategic Missile Troops. It was then in 1962, when a new branch in the armed forces celebrated its second year. The Engineering forces had to complete a gigant task which was to build missile systems and launchers in time and quickly put them on alert. In 1968 <mask> received the Lenin Prize for the development and implementation of special military facilities.A few years later he would also receive the State Prize in accordance to the successful emplacement and in time readiness of all strategic missiles. In 1974 the prince was appointed to Deputy Minister of Defence for Construction and Quartering of Troops. A huge map in his office covered symbols of construction projects. In 1977 for serving as engineer, organizer and guide for the construction of countless military and also civilian infrastructure, Colonel General <mask> <mask> was awarded the title Chief Marshal of Engineering Troops. Death

As a result of an unknown disease, Marshal Prince <mask> Gelovali died on August 19, 1978, in Moscow. In the hospital he gave a short interview to one of the military magazines:

He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

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