text_chunks:
<mask> (28 May 1899 – 16 January 1983), usually cited as D. C<mask>, was an American philosopher and a professor at both the University of California Los Angeles (from 1930 to 1938) and at Harvard University (from 1939 to 1967). <mask> was born in Crows Landing, California in 1899. As a teenager he was greatly interested in classics, English literature, poetry, and science fiction. He was a lifelong fan of the works of William Shakespeare, Mark Twain, and H.G. Wells. He studied English at Occidental College, California, and then English and Philosophy at Harvard University where he received an AM in Philosophy in 1925. He continued to study Philosophy and Psychology at UC-Berkeley.One of his teachers there was Jacob Loewenberg, and one of his peers was Arthur E. Murphy. In 1927 he returned to Harvard and obtained his PhD under the supervision of Ralph Barton Perry. He submitted his thesis - titled A Metaphysical Interpretation of Behaviorism - on 1 April 1928. In that same year he married Katherine Pressly Adams, who he knew from his time at UC-Berkeley. They had two sons: <mask>. and David. <mask> was awarded a Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied philosophy in France and Germany, 1928-29. Upon his return to the United States he was an Instructor at Harvard in 1929 and then an Instructor at UCLA in 1930.He stayed for several years at UCLA, becoming Assistant Professor and Associate Professor. In 1938 he was awarded a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship for the project Studies in Empirical Realism. This was the culmination of a research programme he had embarked on as part of the flourishing of realism started by Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore, Samuel Alexander, the New Realists, and Critical Realists. In 1939 he was a Visiting Lecturer at Harvard; then Associate Professor and eventually Professor. He spent the rest of his career at Harvard, arguing for realism, constructing a trope ontology, and advocating a four-dimensionalist theory of time, among many other things such as defending the legitimacy of inductive inference. As a teacher he lectured for several decades mostly on metaphysics and the history of philosophy, influencing many students who went on to have successful careers and make an impact on analytic philosophy such as Roderick Chisholm, Nicholas Wolterstorff, and David Lewis. He retired from Harvard in 1967 to Fallbrook, California where he continued to write philosophy, maintain his correspondence, read papers at universities in California and elsewhere, and host philosophical friends.He died in 1983. Work
<mask> wrote on a wide range of philosophical topics, namely, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, logic, philosophy of science, probability theory, induction, philosophy of history, ethics, and history of philosophy. In what follows, only his more significant and influential contributions are surveyed. Empiricism and realism
<mask> thinks the goal of empiricism is to describe and explain the ‘foreground of experience’ and to ‘intelligibly and credibly construct our account of the rest of the world’. The traditional understanding of empiricism, going back to John Locke, accepts the foreground of experience as the ground from which we construct our concepts and confirm certain conclusions that inform us of the rest of the world, especially other parts that are not experienced. According to <mask>, empiricism says that a posteriori knowledge is known inductively. He further thought that induction is not restricted to experience and its content or restricted to science.Induction has ‘ontological reach’ to things in themselves. This means that empiricism and realism are compatible. He thus endorsed ‘empirical realism’. He describes empirical realism as follows:
Our “empirical realism” is realistic in the most venerable sense, that it affirms there is valid knowledge of the nature and existence of a world distinct from our perceptions and independent of them, and a fortiori distinct from and independent of our thought and speech about it, and yet empiricistic in the classical sense that it affirms that all knowledge, including this, consists of conceptual constructions collected from and confirmed by sensory experience. Induction and probability
He also published a book on the problem of induction, The Ground of Induction (1947), which argued that the reliability of statistical sampling solves Hume's skepticism about induction. Metaphysics: ontology
For <mask>, ontology is the study of the categories of being. The subject matter of ontology is traditionally examined using an analytic mode of inquiry.An analysis of some X is in terms of X’s parts, whatever X might be. Analysis gets us the nature of X. Analysis in this sense is the classic decompositional sense, giving explanatory priority to parts over wholes. Analytic ontology is one branch of metaphysics. A main issue in analytic ontology is the distinction between object and property. An object can have many properties. A property can be had by many objects.This chair has the property of being red, being made of wood, being hard, etc. This chair and every other chair in this room (say) all have the one property: being red. The first case has to do with predication. The second has to do with resemblance, and in particular, with resemblance among ordinary objects in intrinsic respects. In 'The Elements of Being', <mask> points out that the fact that two red chairs resemble each other with respect to colour is explained in terms of the fact that each chair has a certain kind of part or aspect that exactly resembles each other. The ‘red-part’ of this chair and the ‘red-part’ of that chair exactly resemble each other and this grounds the fact that each chair resembles with other with respect to colour. These ‘parts’ are ‘fine’, ‘thin’, or abstract in a certain sense, the sense that is associated with the idea that an abstract entity is a certain kind of part of a whole.These parts are also particulars. And they are particular as each chair. Hence they are abstract particulars, which <mask> dubbed 'tropes'. Such an analysis explains resemblance among ordinary objects in intrinsic respects. The red-part of this chair plays the role of being a property, a property had by the chair. It does this because in order for the property being red to be ‘of’ the chair it must be an abstract part of the chair and it must ‘manifest’ Redness, i.e., manifest its kind. This chair, in fact, is nothing more than its abstract parts or tropes.This chair is a certain mereological sum of tropes, namely, the sum that ‘concurs’ in a single region of spacetime. Such an analysis explains how an object can have many properties – it does so in virtue of it having several tropes as abstract parts. One benefit of <mask>'s trope theory is that objective resemblance among ordinary objects in intrinsic respects is explained without positing universals as members of a primitive category of being. Another benefit is that his theory explains facts about predication without positing substances as members of a primitive category of being. <mask> posits tropes as members of a fundamental category of being and then derives the category of universality and substance from tropes. Abstract particulars ground concrete particulars and abstract universals. This makes his theory a one-category ontology.Tropes comprise the one fundamental category of being. Keith Campbell carries this argument forward in Abstract Particulars (1990). There are several objections in the literature against <mask>’s trope theory. And there are just as many philosophers who defend and develop the view. Contentious issues include the individuation of tropes, the nature of the concurrence relation that unifies tropes into concrete objects, the nature of the resemblance relation, the nature of universals, <mask>’s account of predication, the simplicity of tropes (whether a basic trope is really a simple entity). And much more. These issues are part of on-going disputes in metaphysics.The main argument for trope theory is that it is the most ontically parsimonious hypothesis with the greatest explanatory power. As <mask> remarks, he found trope theory 'so serviceable that it may well be true'. It posits one category of being but at the same time explains the distinction between object and property, explains objective resemblance among ordinary objects in intrinsic respects, and explains facts about predication (of concrete particulars). Trope can also play the role of events and truthmakers and serve as the contents of mental acts such as perception and play the role of mental acts and states themselves. His trope theory remains a strong candidate for being the best explanation we have in analytic ontology. See also the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on <mask>. Metaphysics: cosmology
Cosmology is the study of the contents of the world and how its contents are related to each other in the loosest sense.Typically, cosmology is studied from a speculative perspective, that is, a constructive perspective that involves inductively inferring the probable truth of a certain world hypothesis based on various pieces of evidence. For <mask>, time and space fall under the study of cosmology. Speculative cosmology is the other branch of metaphysics, along with analytic ontology. As D.M. Armstrong notes, this distinction between analytic ontology and speculative cosmology is a division within metaphysics. As such, ontology does not exhaust metaphysics. Because <mask> is an empiricist he thinks science can inform metaphysics, especially cosmology, as characterised above.He also thinks logic as well as common sense tell us something about time and our concept of time. He notes that science and logic and the canonical logic of science do not have any temporal reference. When a scientist proposes a law of nature or a scientific generalisation the scientist proposes a statement that holds regardless of temporal reference to a certain time or to the fact that a certain time is now. Similarly, in logic, arguments are presented without temporal reference. They are intended to be timeless. In common sense talk we readily say that we have a future and have a past. He writes: ‘We also say “Isaiah is one of the great spiritual heroes” and “There is a meeting of the Dorcas Society tomorrow”, although Isaiah is dead and the society has not met yet’.For <mask>, the present is not ontically privileged. The past, present, and future are equally real. Things in the past are just as real as things in the present and the future. Time is just another mode of extent like the dimensions of space. And things are spread out in time just as much as they are spread out in space. So he thinks, objects persist through time by having temporal parts at different times. In this respect, he is a perdurantist.Lastly, <mask> thinks events are temporally related by earlier than/later than relations in a four-dimensional manifold. Following Russell and McTaggart, <mask> endorses a B-theory of time. Reality is fundamentally tenseless and tensed concepts and terms like ‘now’ and ‘present’ are merely indexical. His preferred label for this theory of time is the ‘pure manifold theory of time’. The pure manifold theory of time is subject to many objections. In ‘The Sea Fight Tomorrow’, <mask> counters the objection that the future is open in an important sense and that because of the openness of the future the pure manifold theory of time is wrong. He argues that although things in the future are determinate or definite in one sense this does not imply that things in the future are determined.It is not the case that contingent statements about the future are somehow indeterminate or without truth-values. In ‘The Myth of Passage’, <mask> confronts the objection that time passes in an important sense and because of the passage of time the pure manifold theory of time leaves something out about the nature of time and so is wrong. He argues that any appeal to temporal experience or a direct phenomenological intuition of time’s passage is bogus. Any sense we have of time’s passage can be explained in terms of the B-theoretic distribution of content in the four-dimensional manifold. On his view, there is no absolute or pure temporal becoming. In other work, recently published, he explains how the pure manifold theory of time can account for the metaphysical possibility of time travel. He further explains in what sense we can accept that there is a passage of time and how we can explain the arrow of time.The crux of his hypothesis is that facts about the B-theoretical distribution of content at the fundamental level of the four-dimensional manifold can do the necessary work in our explanation of the passage and arrow of time. His pure manifold theory of time is the first defence and detailed explication of a four-dimensional metaphysics of time in analytic metaphysics. The view continues to be defended in the literature and is a leading contender in the metaphysics of time. Influence

<mask> was at the height of his career in the 1940s and 1950s. During this period the type of metaphysics he pursued was unpopular and ridiculed by logical positivism, ordinary language philosophy, and the later Wittgenstein. He was among a select few whose work in metaphysics persisted and made an impact on later philosophers. In addition, he fought back on various occasions – first against logical positivism and its verificationist theory of meaning and conventionalism about the a priori, and second against Wittgensteinian critiques of metaphysics.In other places he just scoffed at the ordinary language suggestion that problems about the world can be dissolved by studying the meaning and use of words. He once wrote: ‘It is hard enough to keep one’s face straight at any of those readings of philosophical fortunes from the tea leaves of language which our British cousins call “logic” nowadays, but when one knows that the very leaves have been rigged, it is time to lodge a protest, good manners be hanged’. For a number of reasons the fortunes of metaphysics turned around in the second half of the twentieth century. One reason is due to the influence of <mask>’s work and instruction. In the late 1960s and 1970s his work was studied closely at the University of Sydney by such philosophers as D. M. Armstrong, John Bacon, Keith Campbell, and David Stove. These philosophers took what <mask> had to say seriously. Armstrong writes: ‘It so happens that Sydney University was for some years the world centre of <mask> studies’.Armstrong appreciated and implemented <mask>’s conception of metaphysics and his distinction between analytic ontology and speculative cosmology in his theory of universals. Bacon and Campbell embraced <mask>’s trope theory, expanding on the ontology and ensuring it remained a strong contender in the literature. Armstrong himself in later work came to realize the explanatory power of trope theory, which was a further boost to trope theory. Stove developed <mask>’s theory of induction and it has been defended by others. His instruction at Harvard spans several decades and he came into contact with many students who went on to have respectable careers in philosophy, e.g., Roderick Chisholm and <mask>. He supervised Nicholas Wolterstorff whose theory of universals as kinds bears a strong resemblance to <mask>’s ontology. But the student he influenced the most was David Lewis.As a student in the 1960s Lewis audited and enrolled in <mask>’s courses on ontology and cosmology, absorbing his Humean approach to metaphysics and his belief that metaphysics is legitimate. Lewis owes in part his Humean supervenience, four-dimensionalism, and metaphysics of time more generally to <mask>. Lewis also developed certain arguments from <mask> that proved pivotal in his own philosophical development. Just as <mask> exploited analogies between time and space, Lewis exploited analogies between time and modality. Just as <mask> argued that a realm of subsistent entities would lead to scepticism about one's existence, Lewis argued that a realm of possibles would lead to scepticism about one's actuality. For Lewis, the way out of the sceptical worry was to take actuality as a relative matter and interpret the word 'actual' as an indexical. The indexical account of actuality was - in Lewis's mind - one step down the road to modal realism: possible worlds are just as real as our world.Later on his career Lewis gravitated more and more towards <mask>’s ontology, expressing sympathy with a sparse theory of tropes. Armstrong and Lewis were both influential figures who played their own part in bringing metaphysics back into mainstream philosophy. Given the influence of <mask> on both Armstrong and Lewis, <mask> played a key role in the revival of metaphysics. <mask>’s articles on trope theory and four-dimensionalism are classic articles in analytic philosophy – anthologised in many places and recently collected together with previously unpublished essays that advance his metaphysical theory in The Elements and Patterns of Being: Essays in Metaphysics (2018). Bibliography

Books
 1947. The Ground of Induction. Harvard University Press.1966. Principles of Empirical Realism: Philosophical Essays. Charles C. Thomas. 2018. The Elements and Patterns of Being: Essays in Metaphysics. Oxford University Press. Selected articles
 1931.The Nature of Universals and of Abstractions. The Monist 41(4): 583-93. 1933. The Innocence of the Given. Journal of Philosophy 30(23): 617-28. 1934. Truth, Error and the Location of the Datum.Journal of Philosophy 31(16): 428-38. 1934. The Argument for Realism. The Monist 44(2): 186-209. 1937/1938. The Realistic Interpretation of Scientific Sentences. Erkenntnis 7(1): 169-78.1937/1938. The Realistic Interpretation of Scientific Sentences II. Erkenntnis 7(1): 375-82. 1938. The Nature and Variety of the A Priori. Analysis 5(6): 85-94. 1944.Naturalism and the Nature of Things. Philosophical Review 53(5): 417-43. 1951. The Sea Fight Tomorrow. In Structure, Method and Meaning, ed. P. Henle, H. M. Kallen and S. K. Langer. New York: Liberal Arts Press.1951. The Myth of Passage. Journal of Philosophy 48(15): 457-71. 1953. On the Elements of Being: I. Review of Metaphysics 7(1): 3-18. 1953.On the Elements of Being: II. Review of Metaphysics 7(2): 171-92. 1959. Mind as a Matter of Fact. Review of Metaphysics 13(2): 203-25. 1962. Dispensing with Existence.Journal of Philosophy 59(23): 748-63. 1963. Necessary Facts. Review of Metaphysics 16(4): 601-26. 1986. Universals and Existents. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64(1): 1-14.References

External links
 <mask> <mask>, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 Guggenheim Fellowship for Humanities Fellows: <mask><mask>
 Papers of <mask> <mask>, Harvard University Archives
<mask> <mask> (1899-1983) - The Elements of Being with a bibliography and an introduction by Keith Campbell

1899 births
1983 deaths
People from Stanislaus County, California
Analytic philosophers
Harvard University faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Occidental College alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Presidents of the Metaphysical Society of America
20th-century American philosophers

masks:
Donald Cary Williams
. Williams
Life Williams
Donald Jr
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Donald Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Donald Davidson
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Donald Cary
Williams
Donald C
. Williams
Donald Cary
Williams
Donald Cary
Williams


text_chunks:
<mask> (; born 12 November 1974) is an Italian retired footballer who played as a full-back or as a wide midfielder. Equally at ease on both the left and the right flanks, he was best known for his 11-year spell with Juventus, during which time he won several accolades and appeared in nearly 300 official games. Club career

Early years
Born to Paolo and <mask> in Pisa as the second of two children, <mask> started playing football at the age of eight for the local team of San Frediano (an area of Pisa not far from his boyhood home and the church of the same name). A longtime Juventus F.C. fan, being an admirer of Michel Platini, he was also influenced by Paolo Maldini's professionalism and sportsmanship, and entered Empoli FC's youth academy, beginning his career as a right winger before moving into defence. In 1996, he won the Coppa Italia Serie C, as the team finished second in its group in Serie C1, thus earning Serie B promotion; Empoli followed this with another climb, now to Serie A, after collecting 64 points which trailed only Brescia Calcio's 66. Juventus
After nearly 150 official matches, <mask> ended his career with Empoli and moved to Juventus in 1997, managed at the time by Marcello Lippi, joining an already strong squad – which featured young prodigies <mask> and Zinedine Zidane – and arriving alongside Edgar Davids and Filippo Inzaghi.He made his league debut in a 2–0 victory over U.S. Lecce on 31 August, but his first competitive appearance had taken place in the Supercoppa Italiana defeat of Vicenza Calcio. In his first season <mask> won the Scudetto over Inter Milan, by five points. He was an unused substitute as the club lost the UEFA Champions League for the second consecutive time, now to Real Madrid. <mask> won two more leagues with Juventus, in 2002 and 2003, adding two Italian Supercups and also reaching two Coppa Italia finals. Again, he was a part of the side which lost in a Champions League final, this time in the 2002–03 edition against A.C. Milan on penalties which was the first all-Italian final in the history of the competition, being one of only team players to convert his attempt in an eventual 2–3 defeat. In the summer of 2005, while playing a friendly against S.L. Benfica, <mask> injured his ankle and missed the entire campaign.Due to the Turin club's involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal, it was stripped of its 2005 and 2006 titles, and also relegated to the second division. <mask> and Juventus initially started 2006–07 with a 30-point deduction as a further punishment for their role in the match-fixing scandal, but it was ultimately reduced to nine, which allowed for another Cadetti conquest for the player and the subsequent promotion. He contributed with 37 league appearances to this feat, while also becoming vice-captain. Claudio Ranieri took over as coach for the 2007–08 season, and <mask> only played seven times in the league. On 17 May 2008 he left the club after 11 years, claiming that he wished to continue playing for another year or two. Late career
On 22 July 2008, <mask> was announced as Pisa Calcio's new signing, thus finally giving him the opportunity to play for his hometown side. However, the team suffered relegation from the second tier at the end of the campaign, and then excluded from Italian football due to financial issues.In August 2009, <mask> signed a two-year contract with lowly A.S. Pescina Valle del Giovenco. He found himself a free agent in June 2010, after the club was excluded from football due to heavy debts. On 19 September 2011, <mask> was appointed head coach at U.S. Pistoiese 1921 in Serie D, leaving his post the following month. International career
<mask> represented Italy's under-17s at the 1991 FIFA World Championship, but did not start in any of the team's three games. His first start in a national jersey was as part of the Marco Tardelli-led under-23 squad that competed in the 1997 Mediterranean Games, held in Bari: the nation went on to win the gold medal, with him featuring in three of the four matches including the final against Turkey. <mask>'s full debut came with Giovanni Trapattoni on 20 November 2002, a 1–1 friendly draw with Turkey. He went on to gain a further five caps in nearly two years, the last being the 0–2 loss in Iceland, and was not summoned for UEFA Euro 2004.In July 2010 <mask> retired from active football, immediately being named assistant coach in the Zambian national team led by countryman Dario Bonetti. He resigned from his position in February 2011, due to misunderstandings. Style of play
<mask> was a hard-working, tenacious, and versatile player, who was capable of playing as a full-back or wide midfielder on either flank, although he often played on the right side of the pitch. He was mainly known for his speed, stamina, and consistency, as well as his sportsmanship, which enabled him to cover the flank effectively. Personal life
<mask> married childhood sweetheart Silvia, with whom he had two children, Samuele and Matteo. Samuele Birindelli made his professional debut as a defender for Pisa in December 2016. Club statistics

Honours

Club
Empoli
Coppa Italia Lega Pro: 1995–96

Juventus
Serie A: 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03
Supercoppa Italiana: 1997, 2002, 2003; Runner-up 1998, 2005
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999
Serie B: 2006–07
Coppa Italia: Runner-up 2001–02, 2003–04
UEFA Champions League: Runner-up 1997–98, 2002–03

International
Italy U-23
Mediterranean Games: 1997

References

External links

National team data

1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Pisa
Italian footballers
Association football defenders
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Empoli F.C.players
Juventus F.C. players
Pisa S.C. players
Italy international footballers
Italian football managers
U.S. Pistoiese 1921 managers
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in football
Competitors at the 1997 Mediterranean Games

masks:
Alessandro Birindelli
Erminia Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Alessandro Del Piero
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli


text_chunks:
<mask> (February 5, 1867 – September 12, 1908) was an Irish boxer, credited with being the first man to take the Featherweight Championship of the World in a match against Frank Murphy on March 31, 1889 in Kouts, Indiana. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title, and went an astounding eighty rounds, though it was officially declared a draw. Some sources may credit <mask> with taking the World Title as early as 1887 in his knockout title wins over Jack Farrell in Ridgefield, New Jersey on January 24, or Jack Williams in Westerly Rhode, Island, on March 10. <mask> first claimed the title in his win over Farrell. He was recognized by most sources to have lost the title on January 13, 1890 to Torpedo Billy Murphy in a fourteenth-round knockout in San Francisco, California. Early life and career
<mask> was born on February 5, 1867, in Lurgan, Ireland (now Northern Ireland, UK) when all Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. He grew up near Belfast, where his father worked as a breeder, buyer, and trainer of thoroughbred horses for the gentry.<mask> was somewhat dark complected with curly hair, blue eyes, and a lean build. He was well educated and had a fondness for books, and music. His shooting skills with both gun and pistol were noteworthy, and he was a fine pianist, having taken music education at an early age. Lighthearted and a serious entertainer, he was known to dance an Irish Jig on occasion for the entertainment of his fans or even to perform a handstand or backflip in the ring. Beginning work as a cross country jockey in Preston, England before taking up boxing, he had a fondness for horses from an early age. His ring name "spider" may have had an origin in his thin arms and legs, or a result of the spider like riding crouch he assumed as a jockey. Early career boxing in England
On October 5, 1885, he entered an amateur boxing contest in Manchester, England, where he defeated Stewart of Bradford, and Bill Palon, before being beaten by Joe Fielden who was thirty pounds heavier than <mask>.His official boxing debut was on October 9, 1885 against W. Harlow in Salford, Lancashire, England. His first serious boxing instruction was obtained in Liverpool. He defeated Billy Sykes in Liverpool in four rounds on points using English boxing rules. In the next two years, before his first bout with Tommy Warren, he won ten of fourteen fights, with only four being considered draws. 1886 arrival in Boston
Having difficulty finding bouts in England, at the age of nineteen, he arrived in Boston on March 10, 1886, and won a three-round contest with Willie Snee. He would remain in the U.S. the rest of his life. In his next American battle in Boston on October 29, 1917, he put James Furman on the canvas in a surprising fifth-round technical knockout which allowed him to be matched with better known boxer Martin Burns on November fifth of the following week.He knocked out Burns in six difficult rounds in Boston. Mid professional boxing career
<mask> was known for his clever ducking and rapid countering, rather than a strong punch. He defeated a number of middleweights in his career, some outweighing him by as much as fifty pounds. Early Featherweight Title Matches
On March 10, 1887, <mask> fought a thirty-six-round match against Jack Williams in Westerly, Rhode, Island, that ended in a knockout for <mask>. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title match. In the close and exciting contest, <mask> was down in the twelfth, twenty-fourth, and twenty-ninth rounds, while Williams was down in the thirty-sixth round. On January 24, 1887, <mask> won a seventh-round knockout against Jack Farrell in Ridgefield, New Jersey, near Hoboken, that was billed as a World 124 pound Title match, though it was not subsequently recognized as such.<mask> received around $500 for the bout which was likely the largest purse he had yet received for a fight, and as the actual fight time was only eighteen minutes, it was a welcomed windfall for <mask>. According to one source, the match was held in a somewhat private venue to keep its existence from the attention of the authorities who may have had issue with its legality. <mask> took a few good shots in the bout himself and subsequently had a bad cut over his right eye. He later described Farrell as the "gamest man he ever met". On April 11, 1887, he married Miss Henrietta Flora McAvoy, with whom he remained throughout his life. They were married on Easter Monday at St. Mary's in Boston's North end. On April 30, 1887, <mask> defeated Willie Clarke in a twenty-round bout lasting one hour twenty-three minutes in Long Island Sound in Queens, New York.<mask> knocked Clarke down twice in the first and once in the seventh. The bout was brutal, with far more of the injuries attributed to Clarke. Injuries to <mask>'s hands made it unlikely he could win by knockout, extending the length of the bout. Clarke attempted a futile rally in the nineteenth round, but was too weak and injured. His seconds threw in the sponge at the end of the twentieth when he could no longer see. According to one source, several of his earliest bouts had as few as twenty in attendance due to the legal issues associated with boxing at the time, and a single ticket could get a price as high as $100. All night bout with Jack Havlin

On July 20, 1887, <mask> fought an unusually long sixty-one-round match outdoors against Jack Havlin of Providence, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.The fight, described as "one of the hardest battles <mask> ever took part in", began around 9:30 PM, and lasted much of the night before ending around 3:00 AM in an official draw. <mask>'s manager at the time was Ed Holske, who had followed him from his fighting days in England. The battle caused injuries to <mask>'s hands, which were a source of concern for much of his boxing career. Further increasing the chances of hand injuries, the bout was fought with skin-tight gloves which offered little padding. According to one source, Havlin was more badly injured from the bout, suffering from serious swelling and injuries to his eyes, and most sources agree Havlin had the worst of the contest. With Havlin unable to see effectively for the later part of the match, and <mask> having serious problems with his hands, not much contact took place. The bout ended when the referee called the match.On September 30, 1887, he met Johnny Murphy in Boston in a seventeen-round draw, which may have originally only been scheduled for fifteen. The referee considered the fighting so close that two additional rounds were added, but failed to help determine a victor. Title bout with Tommy Warren
On December 12, 1887, <mask> fought a twenty-round Featherweight title match against Tommy Warren at boxer John Barnes's club in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with Barnes himself as the referee. A few sources credited his ascension to the American and World Featherweight crown with his victory in this match. Describing the fight, one source wrote, "The "Belfast Spider" outfought the "Boy Gambler" of Louisville (Warren) at every stage of the game and Warren was in a bad way when Barnes (referee) stopped the affair in the twentieth round and called it a draw." According to the El Paso Herald, <mask>'s bout with Warren was "the first ever pulled off under the Marquis of Queensbury Rules with the World's Featherweight Championship at stake", though more sources credit <mask>'s ascension to the Featherweight crown against Murphy on March 31, 1889. According to one source, Warren was given two ounce gloves for the bout, while <mask> was required to wear larger ones.By the 1910s gloves were closer to four ounces in weight. With far greater speed and mobility <mask> was said to have "danced all around Warren". On January 23, 1888, in the height of winter he fought Tommy Miller in Minneapolis at the Washington Roller Rink. He defeated Miller in a seventh-round knockout. Legend has it that <mask> did a somersault followed by a handstand so his seconds could remove his warm-up pants. He did a second hand stand when asked to shake the hand of Miller, brushing his foot on Miller's chin. The crowd, who favored Miller, was not amused.Shortly after this bout, <mask> fought "Ironman" George Siddons on February 3, 1888, in Duluth Minnesota, winning by technical knockout in the eleventh of fifteen rounds, though Siddons claimed he had been fouled. According to one source, Siddon's jaw had been broken in the bout, which could be a brutal affair with the thin gloves that were used. World Featherweight Title

<mask>, by most accounts, first took the World Featherweight Championship in a match with Frank Murphy on March 31, 1889 in Kouts, Indiana. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title, and went an astonishing eighty rounds. It decided the World Featherweight Championship, according to several sources, though it was ruled a draw by the referee. With both combatants exhausted, little fighting took place in the last eighteen rounds. Upon examination, Murphy was found to have had a broken rib, and <mask> had possibly received a minor jaw fracture.By most accounts, <mask> was the more aggressive boxer in the bout. Losing World Featherweight Title to Billy Murphy

<mask> lost the World Featherweight Title on January 13, 1890 to Torpedo Billy Murphy in a fourteenth-round knockout at the California Athletic Club in San Francisco, California. The purse for the fight was $2,250. <mask> dominated throughout the fight, but was said to have failed to follow up on his advantages, when, apparently for no reason, <mask> collapsed to the ground in the thirteenth round. <mask> had not been hit hard, and some thought it may have been part of his clowning. However, while <mask> rose in time, he soon went back down again. <mask> went down 6 times, and while he made it to the end of the round.<mask>'s legs were shaking at the start of the fourteenth round, but he was reported to have avoided Murphy's hits, until going down from another light hit, this time until he was counted out   In a rematch, on November 2, 1893, he beat Murphy in a six-round knockout, which was one of the high points of his late career. In the fourth round, he knocked Murphy entirely out of the ring. <mask> successfully used his clever ducking and bobbing as a defense in the fight, avoiding Murphy's powerful right which had plagued him in their earlier title bout. On July 7, 1890 he knocked out James Connor in Buffalo, New York in three rounds for a purse of $2,000, taking 1,750 for himself. On January 17, 1891, he returned to Australia and defeated Abe Willis in a four-round newspaper decision in Sydney. By February 21, he had returned to San Francisco via Hawaii, claiming he was homesick for America and having trouble getting immediate fights. After his victory over boxer "Kentucky Rosebud" in early 1891, <mask> returned for a time to cross country horse racing, participating in several events in New England, and becoming known as a jockey in Boston.He took around seven months off from boxing during the period. Famed Irish heavyweight boxing champion John L. Sullivan was a close friend. On May 30, 1892, at Sunnyside Park in Nantucket, Massachusetts, he rode Dictum to three first-place finishes in three heats, one of his greatest feats as a jockey. Returning to boxing with a strong win on February 18, 1892 he fought Frank Steele at the New Bedford Athletic Club in New Bedford, Massachusetts, knocking him out in the twelfth round. <mask> danced the Highland Fling and Irish jig during the match, which annoyed his opponent but greatly pleased the crowd. According to one source, "The fight was fiercely fought for twelve rounds, when <mask> had punished his opponent so badly that he went to sleep for thirty-two seconds, and the "Spider" won. It was a clean knockout."The total purse was set at $600 to be divided between the contestants. On April 19, 1893, he fought a hard ten round draw against Tommy White at the Hennepin Athletic Club in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The winner would have received $500, the loser $100. At the end of ten rounds, unlike in many of <mask>'s longer fights, both fighters were fresh and uninjured, and the referee declared a draw. Late career, retirement
On March 17, 1894, <mask> was outclassed in a bout with Arthur Griffiths, known as "Young Griffo," at the Second Regiment Armory in Chicago. The Australian lightweight outweighed <mask> considerably and dominated the bout, which was stopped by the police in the third round when <mask> was down. <mask> announced retirement after the bout but returned to the ring for a few more professional bouts and exhibitions.Although the bout was officially called a draw by the referee, Griffo knocked <mask> down twice in the third round, with <mask> taking a while to get to his feet. Many in the crowd were displeased with the official Draw decision. According to the Inter Ocean, as many as five thousand were in attendance to watch "three of the fastest, fiercest and most brutal rounds ever fought in an American prize ring". One reporter noted that Young Griffo made a "veritable chopping block of <mask> O'<mask>, the "Belfast Spider"". It is important to note that according to one source, Griffo may have outweighed Wier by as much as thirty pounds during the bout, though discrepancies in the weights of opponents was more common in this era of boxing. His tenth-round knockout at the hands of Mike Sears at the Hoffman Club in Lynne, Massachusetts on March 17, 1898 was his last official bout and ended his boxing career. Sears himself asked the referee to stop the bout as <mask> was helpless.<mask> was at the end of a harsh career at thirty-one, while Sears' was then years younger and had the energy of a youth. Career as a horse trainer
After quitting the ring, <mask> made a living as a horse trainer for the Vanderbilt family, and he, often accompanied by his wife, frequented the horse shows at Madison Square Garden where he could stay close to his stable. He was still training horses for wealthy clients in April 1904. He lived out his remaining days in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and died on September 12, 1908, at age 41. He had been suffering for two years from an accident he had while riding a horse, and had not improved after several operations. According to at least one source, he died bankrupt, and his medical expenses were covered by a collection taken by fans at a match a few weeks before his death. He was survived by his wife Henrietta.Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise noted. Official record

All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted to the win/loss/draw column. Unofficial record

Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions to the win/loss/draw column. Notes

References

External links

 Professional Boxing Record for <mask> <mask>, Cyber Boxing Zone

1867 births
1908 deaths
Featherweight boxers
World featherweight boxing champions
World boxing champions
Irish male boxers
Boxers from Massachusetts

English male boxers

Achievements

|-

|-

masks:
Ike Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Ike
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Ike
Neil Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Ike
Weir


text_chunks:
<mask>hibber (Pandit <mask>) (Punjabi: ਭਾਈ ਮਤੀ ਦਾਸ; died 1675), along with his younger brother <mask>  were martyr of Sikh history. <mask>, <mask>, and <mask> were executed at a kotwali (police-station) in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi, under the express orders of Emperor Aurangzeb just before the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. <mask> was executed by being bound between two pillars and cut in two. Biography

Birth
<mask> belonged to a Saraswat Mohyal Brahmin Chibber family. He lived in the ancient village of Karyala, about ten kilometres from Chakwal on the road to the Katas Raj Temples in the Jhelum District in Punjab (Pakistan). <mask> was his younger brother. <mask> was the son of Hira Nand, a disciple of Guru Har Gobind, under whom he had fought in many battles and was a great warrior.Hira Nand was the grandson of Lakhi <mask>, the son of the Bhai Praga, who was also a martyr and had been a Jathedar (leader) in Guru Hargobind's first battle. Service of Guru Tegh Bahadur

During the time after Guru Har Krishan Sahib Ji’s physical disappearance at Delhi, and the uncertainty over who would be the next Guru, <mask> <mask> <mask>, and <mask> Sati <mask> are sometimes mentioned as being present looking for the Guru or directly after when Baba Makhan Shah Labana found Guru Tegh Bahadur in the village of Bakala where the new Guru was then residing. The new Guru entrusted all his financial activities to <mask> <mask> <mask>, and thus he is sometimes given the name Diwan <mask> <mask>, whereas <mask> Sati <mask> served Guru Tegh Bahadur as a cook. The two brothers accompanied Guru Teg Bahadur during his two-year stay at Assam. Guru Tegh Bahadur then bought a hillock near the village of Makhowal five miles north of Kiratpur and established a new town, Chakk Nanaki now named Anandpur Sahib (the abode of bliss) where <mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask> also resided. The Guru's eastern tours
<mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask> were present on the Guru's eastern tours beginning in August 1665 including the tours of Saifabad</ref> and Dhamtan (Bangar) where they were arrested perhaps because of the influence of Dhir Mal, or the Ulemas and orthodox Brahmins. The Guru was sent to Delhi and detained for one month.After being freed in December 1665, he continued his tour and <mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask> were again in his company particularly at Dacca, and Malda. Guru's Arrest

In 1675 the Guru was summoned by Emperor Aurangzeb to Delhi to convert to Islam. Aurangzeb was very happy that all he had to do was covert one man and the rest of the Hindus from Kashmir, Kurukshetra, Hardwar, and Beneras would follow suit. The Guru left for Delhi on his own accord but was arrested at Malikpur Rangharan near Ropar. While the Guru was traveling towards Delhi his company at this time consisted of his most devoted Sikhs including <mask> Dayala, <mask> Udai, and <mask> Jaita (Rangretta) as well as <mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask>. After visiting a few places where large crowds of devotees had gathered the Guru sent <mask> Jaita and <mask> Udai to Delhi to scout ahead and report back to him and to Anandpur as well. After being arrested Guru Tegh Bahadur was taken to Sirhind and from there he was sent to Delhi in an iron cage.At Delhi, the Guru and his five companions were taken into the council chamber of the Red Fort. The Guru was asked numerous questions on religion, Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam, such as why he was sacrificing his life for people who wear the Janeu and the Tilak when he himself was a Sikh. The Guru answered that the Hindus were powerless and weak against tyranny. They had come to the abode of Guru Nanak as refuge, and with the same logic he would have sacrificed his life for Muslims as well. On the Guru's emphatic refusal to abjure his faith, he was asked why he was called Teg Bahadur (gladiator or Knight of the Sword; before this, his name had been Tyag Mal). <mask> <mask> <mask> immediately replied that the Guru had won the title by inflicting a heavy blow on the imperial forces at the young age of fourteen. Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Ji and his companions were ordered to be imprisoned and tortured until they agreed to embrace Islam.Guru's Martyrdom

After a few days, Guru Tegh Bahadur and three of his companions were again brought before the Qazi of the city and again the Sikhs repeated their sentiments. <mask> <mask> <mask> was offered marriage of the Nawab's daughter as well as governorship of the province if he converted to Islam. On November 11, 1675, large crowds gathered to see the Guru and the executioners were called to the kotwali (police-station) near the Sunehri Masjid in the Chandni Chowk. The Guru, who was kept in an iron cage, and his three companions were moved to the place of execution. Mughal Empire records from the 17th century explain <mask> <mask> <mask>' death as punishment for challenging the authorities. <mask> <mask> <mask>, <mask> Dayala and <mask> Sati <mask> were then tortured and executed. Martyrdom of <mask> <mask> <mask> <mask> <mask>, the first to be martyred, was asked if he had any final wishes.He replied that he desired to be facing towards the guru on his execution. <mask> <mask> <mask> was made to stand erect between two posts and a double headed saw was placed on his head and he was sawed from his head to his loins. While this was happening, <mask> <mask> <mask> recited the Japuji Sahib. There is a mystical belief that the recitation of the Gurbani continued and was completed even though the body was in two distinct halves. Seeing this, Dyal <mask> abused the Emperor and his courtiers for this infernal act. Martyrdom of <mask> Dayala and <mask> Sati <mask> Dayala was tied up like a round bundle and put into a huge bronze cauldron of boiling oil. He was roasted alive into a block of charcoal.No sign of grief was shown by the disciples of the Guru and the Guru also witnessed this savagery with divine calm. <mask> Sati <mask> was tied to a pole and wrapped in cotton fibre. He was then set on fire by the executioner. He remained calm and peaceful and kept uttering Waheguru Gurmantar, while fire consumed his body. Martyrdom of the Guru

Early the next morning Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded by an executioner named Jalal-ud-din Jallad, who resided in the town of Samana in present-day Punjab. The spot of the execution was under a banyan tree (the trunk of the tree and well near-by where he took a bath are still preserved), opposite the Sunheri Masjid near the Kotwali in Chandni Chowk, where he was lodged as a prisoner, on November 11, 1675. His head was carried by <mask> Jaita, a disciple of the Guru, to Anandpur, where the nine-year-old Guru Gobind Singh cremated it (The gurdwara at this spot is also called Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib).The body, before it could be quartered, was stolen under the cover of darkness by Lakhi Shah Vanjara, another disciple, who carried it in a cart of hay and cremated it by burning his hut. The Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib stands today at this location. Later on, the Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, was built at Chandni Chowk at the site of Guru's martyrdom. Legacy
<mask> <mask> <mask> is regarded as a great martyr by the Sikh. The date of his martyrdom, is celebrated in certain parts of India as a public holiday. [37][38][39] <mask> <mask> <mask>' martydom finds explicit mention in the daily supplication prayers of Ardas. The Bhai Mati Das Sati Das Museum was built in honor of <mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask> in Delhi opposite Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk the spot where they were martyred.See also
Guru Tegh <mask> Dyal <mask> Sati Das
Guru Gobind Singh
Chhibber

References

Sources

<mask> <mask> <mask> , searchsikhism.com; accessed 12 November 2016. Kartar Singh, Sikh History Book 5, Hemkunt Press, New Delhi, India

Sikh martyrs
Punjabi people
History of Punjab
People executed for refusing to convert to Islam
Executed Indian people
People executed by the Mughal Empire
People from Jhelum District
17th-century executions in India
1621 births
1675 deaths
Victims of human rights abuses
People executed by India by decapitation

masks:
Bhai Mati Das Ch
Mati Das
Bhai Sati Das
Bhai Mati Das
Bhai Dayala
Bhai Sati Das
Bhai Mati Das
Bhai Mati Das
Bhai Sati Das
Bhai Mati Das
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Bhai
Bhai
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Bhai
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Das
Bhai
Bhai
Dashai
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bahadur Bhai
Das Bhai
Bhai
Mati
Das Ji


text_chunks:
<mask> (19 September 1915 – 29 May 1982), commonly known as <mask> or <mask>, was a Brazilian lawyer and politician. He was born in a wealthy family of farmers from the countryside, son of the cattle rancher <mask> Vargas, which ended closing them. Great speaker, characteristic that would follow him in his parliamentary life, <mask> was lawyer and held many positions in the State, being also director of the Commercial Association. Political career
In 1947, <mask> was elected state deputy by the National Democratic Union (UDN) and, in 1950, federal deputy. In 1954, was elected senator by the National Labor Party (PTN).Brilliant parliamentarian, joined the Social Democratic Party (PSD), which he would become highlighted. In 1961, was elected president of the Senate, which position he would hold for 7 years, always being re-elected. In 1958, was defeated after running for governor of São Paulo, occasion which Carvalho Pinto was elected with the support of Jânio Quadros. In 1962, was re-elected senator for São Paulo with more than 1 million votes. Jânio Quadros resignation
<mask> was president of the National Congress when president Jânio Quadros resigned in August 1961. Received his resign-letter and immediately called in the Congress. In 4 minutes and a half read the letter, and stated that Jânio was not in Brasília anymore and invited all the parliamentarians for the sworn of his constitutional successor, which would occur in 10 minutes.20 minutes after the summoning, declared vacancy of the presidential position, as Vice President João Goulart was in an official trip to China. A deputy threw him a microphone and another tried to take the letter from him, but in less than half an hour sworn Ranieri Mazzilli, president of the Chamber of Deputies. This meant the foreshadowing of the nearly Coup D'etat. It was denied to Goulart his legitimate right to Jânio Quadros succession. Had an important acting in the changing to the parliamentary system, which made possible the inauguration of Vice President João Goulart as President of the Republic. Along with Mazzilli and Ernesto Geisel, received Jango in the airport when he returned to Brasília on 5 September. Never were clear the reasons that made <mask> declare vacancy of the Presidency in 1 April 1964.In the occasion, João Goulart was in Rio Grande do Sul, as the press reported in those days and, besides that, there was the reading of a letter forwarded to the National Congress by then Chief of Staff of the Presidency of Republic Darcy Ribeiro, communicating that Goulart trip was official. Was invited to be Prime Minister, as long as he left written a resign-letter in the hands of the President. Refused to accept the imposition, saying to Goulart that such suggestion would make him - <mask> <mask> - "not Prime Minister, but Last". 1964 coup d'etat
In March 1964, <mask> <mask> participated, in São Paulo, in the March of the Family with God for Liberty, public act against the government. In the 30th of the same month, launched a manifest to the nation declaring disruption between the Legislative and the Executive powers, called in the militaries to position themselves in the defense of the institutions. On the next day, the coup happened and, even with President Goulart in the office and in Brazilian soil, <mask> <mask>, in a tumultuous session of the Congress, presided by him, declared the Presidency vacant, going personally, by foot, ahead of a legion of congressmen, to the Planalto Palace, to inaugurate the deputy Ranieri Mazzilli as President of the Republic. Stated in this day, before ending the session:

Was appointed by many parliamentarians to compose, as Vice President, the ticket that would elect marshal Castelo Branco for President, but however, resigned the candidacy in the Second Round of the indirect election, on 11 April 1964, and José Maria Alkmin replaced him, who practically had no opposition.Disenchanted with the coup that he supported, <mask> <mask>, with the boldness that characterized him, publicly stated that "Japona wasn't gown", after being falsely accused by a superior official in charge of an inquiry. Because of that, even having great prestige, was defeated in partisan convention that chose the ARENA party candidates for the Senate to represent São Paulo in 1970, what made his re-election impossible. Was ambassador of Brazil in Spain for a year and a half between 1968 and 1969 when returned to Brazil, leaving the politics. Was president of the Development Bank of São Paulo State, in 1982, when passed away. In retrospective (notably with the end of the Military Regime), the role of <mask> <mask> in 1964 started to be severely questioned. Many criticize him for, in his attributions as president of the National Congress, for giving institutional support for the illegitimate power takeover by the Armed Forces (contradicting the Constitution of 1946), instead of maintaining the republican order and assure the continuity of a government elected democratically. Books
 Um Congresso contra o arbítrio: Diários e memória.Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1985. See also
 Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli
 1964 Brazilian coup d'etat

Explanatory notes

References

1915 births
1982 deaths
People from Barretos
National Democratic Union (Brazil) politicians
Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65) politicians
National Renewal Alliance politicians
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from São Paulo
Presidents of the Federal Senate
Ambassadors of Brazil to Spain
Brazilian lawyers
20th-century lawyers

masks:
Auro Soares de Moura Andrade
Auro de Moura Andrade
Moura Andrade
Antônio Joaquim de Moura Andradeio
Andrade
Auro
Auro
Auro
Moura
Andrade
Moura
Andrade
Moura
Andrade
Moura
Andrade
Moura
Andrade


text_chunks:
<mask> (1760 – 14 March 1829) was an Irish architect, best known for building the General Post Office (GPO) on O'Connell Street, Dublin. <mask> was born in Armagh, Ireland, son of <mask>, also an architect, and studied architecture. He practised in Armagh, and then lived in Drogheda from 1786 before moving to Dublin about 1793. In 1805, he was appointed to the Board of Works as an architect. In 1824 he was made president of the Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts which had been founded the previous year, and he provided headquarters for the academy in Lower Abbey Street at his own expense. Works

Two early projects were the completion of Rokeby Hall and Ballymakenny Church, Co. Louth, to the designs of Thomas Cooley in whose office he first trained. In 1789 he was commissioned by Richard Robinson, 1st Baron Rokeby, and Archbishop of Armagh to design the Armagh Observatory and in 1790 he designed a new club house for Daly's Club on College Green, close to the Irish Houses of Parliament.<ref name="gilbert">{{Cite book |last=Gilbert |first=John Thomas |author-link=John Thomas Gilbert |title=A History of the City of Dublin, vol.3 |publisher=McGlashan & Gill |year=1859 |location=Dublin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsQ9AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA39 }}</ref> Townley Hall,  west of Drogheda, built between 1794 and 1798, is considered his finest work. He was responsible for the design of Armagh Courthouse built between 1806 and 1809. At a time of huge rebuilding in Georgian Dublin, <mask> was one of the architects responsible for Sackville Street (now O'Connell Street). The great Pillar and Post Office were designed to harmonise with each other in the street adding grandeur and elegance to the boulevard. His work is interesting from an architectural point of view, in that it spans both the Neo-Classical and Neo-Gothic styles. His Chapel Royal in Dublin Castle (1807–1814) is a fine example of an early Gothic revival church in Dublin. On this project (as on many others) he worked closely with the stuccodore George Stapleton, son of the better-known Michael Stapleton.The chapel proved a seminal building for later Gothic revival architects in Ireland, with the Cork architect Thomas Deane using the detailing from the windows as a model for those of the Aula Maxima of University College Cork, formerly known as Queens College Cork. Among his other most notable projects were the construction of St. George's Church on the North side of Dublin (1802), overseeing the conversion of Parliament House into the Bank of Ireland (1803–1808) and the construction of the Richmond Tower at the junction of Watling Street and Queen's Bridge in 1812. This gateway had to be moved to the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham after the arrival of the railway in 1847 increased traffic congestion. He had placed his personal coat of arms above the arch, concealed by a piece of wood painted to match the stone, his idea being that his arms would be revealed to future generations after the wood became rotten. However, his little trick was uncovered when the gateway was taken down for removal. The coat of arms at present on the gateway is that of the Royal Hospital. The designs of  Galtrim House, Co. Meath (c. 1802) and Ballynegall House, Co. Westmeath, built in 1808, are attributed to <mask>.In 1813 he began work on Richmond Gaol as a prison to relieve the pressure on Newgate Prison, Dublin, which had been designed by his teacher Thomas Cooley. He played a major role in designing Nelson's Pillar in Dublin, the construction of which was started in 1808. The original plans for the Pillar were submitted to the organising committee by William Wilkins, a London architect, Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge, and accepted by them in 1808. However, for some reason, the committee wrote later that they were incapable of "executing his design precisely as he had given it." <mask> "afforded the necessary assistance with his acknowledged ability, which...he did with the utmost cheerfulness." He made several drawings, one of which met the approval of the committee sufficiently for construction to start. Curiously, the table of expenditure for the Pillar does not include an architect's fee.The Pillar was destroyed by a bomb in 1966. He was responsible for the design of Charleville Forest Castle in Tullamore, County Offaly, considered one of the finest of its type in the country. As well as the 1807 design of Ballycurry House, Ballycurry Demesne, Ashford, County Wicklow.Philip Smith (writer), An Introduction to the Architectural Heritage of County Wicklow (Dublin: Wordwell Press / Government of Ireland, Department of the Environment, Heritage, and Local Government, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, 2004). p.49. The design (c''. 1810) of Turbotstown House, Coole, County Westmeath has been attributed to <mask>. He assisted in the design of plans that were later used for St. Andrew's Church, Westland Row, Dublin, and designed the east gates of Slane Castle demesne in County Meath.In Drogheda, County Louth, he added the Gothic tower and balustrade to Saint Peter's Church of Ireland church in 1793, designed the Corn Exchange (now the Court House) in Fair Street, and designed Saint Peter's Roman Catholic Church in West Street, that was replaced by a Neo-Gothic church in 1881. He was the architect who assisted the 2nd Earl of Longford in turning Tullynally House of County Westmeath into Tullynally Castle, completing these works in 1803. In Swords, County Dublin, he designed the Old Borough School (now a public house) on the main street, completed 1809, and designed Saint Columba's Church of Ireland church, completed 1818. <mask> designed the Courthouse in Duleek, County Meath. It was built  as a sessions house for the Meath Grand Jury, commissioned by John Trotter. It was converted to a library and environmental offices in 1960. He lived for many years in his house at 64 Eccles Street, where he kept a large collection of curiosities.He died in 1829 and was buried in St. George's churchyard, which was attached to a temporary church on Whitworth Road (later taken over by the Whitworth Hospital). References

External links
Architects of Ireland – <mask>

1760 births
1829 deaths
Irish architects
People from Armagh (city)
Irish ecclesiastical architects
Burials at St. George's Church Cemetery, Dublin
19th-century Irish architects

masks:
Francis Johnston
Life Johnston
William Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Francis Johnston


text_chunks:
Major General <mask> (October 6, 1894 − January 22, 1969) was a career officer in the United States Army. He is best known for his command of the 106th Infantry Division during World War II. Early life
<mask>. was born in Goldendale, Washington on October 6, 1894, a son of Jessie M<mask> and <mask>. He was raised in Walla Walla, Washington, and attended Whitman College and the University of Washington. <mask> was working as a laborer for the Union Pacific Railroad in Seattle in 1917 when he applied for a commission in the U.S. Army. <mask>' application was approved in October 1917, and he was commissioned a second lieutenant of Infantry and assigned to the 43rd Infantry Regiment. After completing his in processing at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, <mask> joined his regiment at Fort Douglas, Utah.During World War I, <mask> was promoted to first lieutenant and then temporary captain, and served at posts including Camp Pike, Arkansas and Pensacola, Florida. After the war, <mask> reverted to his permanent rank of first lieutenant and continued his army career. Military education
<mask> was a 1925 graduate of the Infantry Officer Course. In 1930 he completed the Infantry Officer Advanced Course. He was then selected for attendance at the Field Artillery Officer Advanced Course, from which he graduated in 1931. <mask> graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College in 1936. Chosen for further professional education at the United States Army War College, <mask> began attending in 1937 and graduated in 1938.Post-World War I
In 1920, <mask> was promoted to permanent captain. He continued to serve in Infantry assignments, including an early 1920s posting to the Philippines with the 45th Infantry Regiment. In the late 1920s, <mask> served on the staff of the Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia and in 1929 he was assigned to Camp Perry, Ohio as a faculty member for a newly organized program of marksmanship instruction which preceded an annual military shooting competition. In the early 1930s, <mask> served with the 12th Infantry Regiment at Fort Washington, Maryland, followed by an assignment to the staff of the Army's Chief of Infantry. He was promoted to major in 1934, and served with the 7th Infantry Regiment at Vancouver Barracks, Washington. In 1938, <mask> was posted to the 19th Infantry Regiment at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1940. World War II

<mask> was ordered to the Army staff at the War Department in 1941, and assigned to the office of the deputy chief of staff for operations and training, G-3.In December 1941, <mask> was promoted to colonel. <mask> was assigned to the staff of the Army Ground Forces headquarters in April 1942, and in June he received promotion to brigadier general. After becoming a general officer, <mask> took over from Charles W. Ryder as assistant division commander (ADC) of the 90th Infantry Division, commanded by Major General Henry Terrell Jr. <mask> served in this position until January 1943. Samuel Tankersley <mask> succeeded him as ADC of the 90th. 106th Infantry Division
In January 1943, <mask> was assigned to command the 106th Infantry Division during its organization and training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. He was promoted to major general in March. The 106th Division trained at Fort Jackson and participated in the Second Army's 1943 and 1944 Tennessee Maneuvers.In March 1944, the 106th Infantry Division moved to Camp Atterbury, Indiana, where many of its soldiers received new assignments as replacements for soldiers killed and wounded in combat and postings to units of the Army Service Forces. Newly assigned soldiers were not as experienced and trained as their predecessors. In October 1944, the division moved to Massachusetts, where it embarked for transport to Europe. The division arrived in Belgium in early December and was immediately transferred to the front lines near St. Vith and the Ardennes forest, where it relieved the 2nd Infantry Division on December 12. Four days after the 106th Infantry Division took its place on the front lines, the German army began the offensive that became known as the Battle of the Bulge. <mask>' inexperienced division initially performed well, but quickly became combat ineffective, with two of its three regiments, the 422nd and 423rd Infantry, encircled and cut off near Schönberg in Eupen-Malmedy, which resulted in their surrender to the Germans. During the fighting, <mask> was agitated and apprehensive over the loss of the regiments, one of which included his son, who was a captain in the 423rd Infantry.He suffered a heart attack and on December 22 turned command of the division over to his deputy, Herbert T. Perrin. <mask> was then assigned as deputy to his superior, XVIII Airborne Corps commander Matthew Ridgway. In March 1945, <mask> was taking part in offensive operations between Bonn and Cologne when a German bomb landed near him and he sustained head wounds that required him to be hospitalized. <mask> remained on active duty as a major general until he retired for medical reasons in October 1945. Post-World War II
After retiring, <mask> lived in Washington, DC. He was active in the 106th Infantry Division's veterans association and was a member of the Army and Navy Club and the Corinthian Yacht Club. Death and burial
<mask> was diagnosed with cancer in 1968.His condition steadily worsened and in December he was moved to Walter Reed Hospital for treatment. He died there on January 22, 1969. His funeral took place at the Fort Myer, Virginia post chapel on January 27 and was attended by several 106th Infantry Division veterans, including his former division artillery commander and chief of staff. <mask> was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Awards
<mask> was a recipient of the Purple Heart for his World War II service. In addition, he received the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre from France. Family
In 1917, <mask> married Alys O. Pickering (1899-1998) of Prescott, Washington.They were the parents of two children, Colonel <mask><mask> Jr. (1921-2014), a career Army officer and Hallie (1924-2008), the wife of U.S. Marine Corps Colonel Ewald A. Vom Orde. References

Sources

Books

Internet

Magazines

Newspapers

External links
Arlington National Cemetery

Generals of World War II

1894 births
1969 deaths
People from Goldendale, Washington
People from Walla Walla, Washington
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army War College alumni
United States Army personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army generals of World War II
United States Army generals

masks:
Alan Walter Jones
Alan Walter Jones Sr
. Jones
Milton S Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Williams
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Alan W
. Jones


text_chunks:
Talmon Henry "<mask>" <mask> (born May 12, 1985) is an American retired soccer goalkeeper who spent eight of his ten professional seasons in Major League Soccer (MLS) with the Houston Dynamo (2009–2014), Orlando City (2015) and D.C. United (2016). He was a starter from 2011 to 2015 and helped the Dynamo reach MLS Cup in both 2011 and 2012. He was an MLS All-Star in 2011 and 2013. Since 2017, <mask> has worked as a police officer for the Orlando Police Department. College
Born in SeaTac, Washington, <mask> attended Gig Harbor High School. While searching for a college, <mask> wanted to go to a Division 1 program in a warm climate with a full time goalkeeper coach. The only program matching his criteria who offered a scholarship was San Diego State, with the scholarship only being worth $500.<mask> repaid the faith of the coaches and turned into a star for the Aztecs. He helped lead the Aztecs to the NCAA tournament in 2005 and 2006, their first appearances since 1989. <mask> received numerous honors during his college career. He was named an NSCAA and College Soccer News All-American in 2005 and 2006, a semi-finalist for the M.A.C. Hermann Trophy in 2006, and was a first-team all-Pacific-10 Conference honoree for 2005 and 2006. During his college years, <mask> also played with Boulder Rapids Reserve in the USL Premier Development League. In 2019, <mask> was inducted to the Aztec Hall of Fame.Club

Esbjerg fB
<mask> was drafted by the Los Angeles Galaxy in the 4th round 2007 MLS SuperDraft. He turned down the offer from LA and signed with Danish club Esbjerg fB instead. Esbjerg sporting director Niels Erik Søndergaard described <mask> as well liked by his teammates, positive, and having a professional attitude. Despite this, <mask> was unable to get past Lars Winde on the depth chart, spending his time in Denmark as a backup and playing for the reserve team. When Esbjeg signed Lukáš Hrádecký in January 2009 as the new backup goalkeeper, <mask> and the club officials agreed it was time for him to move on in order to find first team opportunities. Houston Dynamo
<mask> signed with Major League Soccer club Houston Dynamo on January 23, 2009. During his first season in Houston, <mask> served as the backup to Pat Onstad and did not make a league appearance, although he did feature in cup competitions.He made his Dynamo debut on July 1, 2009, getting 3 saves in a 2–0 win over the Austin Aztex in the U.S. Open Cup third round. <mask> kept another shutout in his next appearances,  Houston's 4–0 win over the Charleston Battery in the Open Cup quarterfinals. In the semifinals, the Dynamo traveled to <mask>'s home state of Washington to face the Seattle Sounders. <mask> made 10 saves in the game, but the Dynamo lost 2–1. He made his continental debut on August 26, helping Houston to a 1–1 draw with Árabe Unido in the 2009–10 CONCACAF Champions League group stage. On October 21, <mask> became the first and only goalkeeper to score in Dynamo history. During a Champions League match, he kicked it long into the Isidro Metapán box and the ball bounced in after Dynamo striker Brian Ching collided with Isidro Metapán goalkeeper Jose Luis Gonzalez.The referee ruled it wasn't a foul and the goal stood. Despite <mask> contributing to the scoring, the Dynamo still lost the game 3–2. Houston finished 3rd in the group and was eliminated, with <mask> playing in 4 of the 6 group stage games. In 2010, <mask> again served as the backup to Onstad. He made his MLS debut on May 22, getting the start in a 2-0 win over D.C. United while Onstad was away on international duty with Canada. His next appearance came on June 29, helping Houston to a 1–0 win over Miami FC in the Open Cup. He would play in their next Open Cup game, but the

Dynamo fell to Chivas USA 3–1.After Onstad went down with an injury in mid July, <mask> started all four of Houston's games in the North American SuperLiga, helping them reach the semifinal. <mask> also started four straight MLS matches before Onstad returned from injury. <mask> missed the final month of the season due to an ankle injury. Ahead of the 2011 season, the Dynamo declined the option on Onstad's contract and the Canadian keeper decided to retire (he would later come out of retirement briefly). <mask> then beat out Tyler Deric for the starting position in preseason. In July of 2011, <mask> was named an MLS All-Star. He came on as a substitute in the game, a 4–0 loss to Manchester United.<mask> played every minute of the regular season for the Dynamo, anchoring the second lowest scoring defense in the Eastern Conference as well as helping the Dynamo finish second in the Eastern Conference standings. <mask> played every minute of the Dynamo's playoff run, keeping 2 clean sheets in 4 appearances as he helped the Dynamo reach MLS Cup 2011, where Houston lost to the Los Angeles Galaxy 1–0. <mask> enjoyed another successful season in 2012, setting the Dynamo record for shutouts in a season with 12. He appeared in 33 of the 34 regular season games, getting a rest in the season finale. <mask> helped Houston finish 5th in the Eastern Conference and qualify for the playoffs. <mask> again played every minute of the playoffs as he kept 1 shutout in 6 appearances. Houston returned to the MLS Cup final and faced off with the Galaxy in a rematch of the previous final.This time the Dynamo lost by a score of 3–1. In 2013, <mask> played every minute of the regular season helping the Dynamo finish 4th in the Eastern Conference. In the playoffs, <mask> played every minute of the Dynamo playoff run, keping 2 clean sheets in 5 appearances as he helped Houston reach the Conference Semifinals for the thirds straight season, where they lost to Sporting Kansas City 2–1 on aggregate. He also featured in continental competitions during the season, playing in both legs of the 3–1 aggregate loss to Santos Laguna in the 2012–13 CONCACAF Champions League quarterfinals as well as playing in 2 of the 4 games in the 2013–14 CONCACAF Champions League group stage. <mask> enjoyed a strong season individually as well, being named a 2013 MLS All-Star reserve and being named Dynamo Team MVP. In 2014, <mask> started 24 of the first 25 MLS games of the year for Houston before going down with a torn right ACL on August 29 in a 3–1 win over Sporting Kansas City. The Dynamo would end up missing the playoffs, finishing 8th in the conference.Orlando City
On October 28, 2014, it was announced that <mask> was traded to MLS expansion team Orlando City SC ahead of their inaugural season in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot. On May 17, 2015, <mask> made his Orlando City debut after recovering from his torn ACL, playing the full 90 minutes in a 4–0 win over the LA Galaxy. He started 23 straight games for Orlando before suffering a torn meniscus in his right knee on October 16 during a 2–1 win over New York City FC. <mask> underwent surgery on October 20, keeping him out of the regular season finale. Despite missing significant time due to injury, <mask> was voted the Fans’ Player of the Year. On November 25, 2015, Orlando City declined <mask>'s contract option. D.C. United
On April 1, 2016, <mask> signed with D.C. United.On July 29, 2016, he retired from professional soccer. <mask> trained with the United States U-23 men's national soccer team multiple times, but never featured in a game. He was called up to the full United States national team for the January camp in 2013 and was called up for a World Cup Qualifying game against Jamaica in 2013, but never earned a cap. Career statistics

Club
Source:

Honors

Club
Houston Dynamo

 MLS Eastern Conference Championship: 2011, 2012

Individual

 MLS All-Star: 2011, 2013
 Houston Dynamo Team MVP: 2013
 Orlando City Fans’ Player of the Year: 2015
 Aztec Hall of Fame: 2019

Post-playing career
<mask> was sworn in as an Orlando Police Department officer in late-March 2017. Personal life
<mask> was born in SeaTac, Washington and raised in Gig Harbor, Washington by his parents Talmon and Gail. The elder Talmon served as a firefighter. He met his wife Erica while he was at San Diego State.She was a midfielder for the Aztecs women's soccer team. They began dating in 2004 and got married in December 2007. Together they have one son and one daughter. In 2012, <mask> and Dynamo teammate Brad Davis founded Banded Brigade Outdoors. The charity takes current and former members of the U.S. Armed Forces and their families on fishing and hunting trips to help them recover from physical and mental injuries and build relationships with other veterans. <mask> felt compelled to start a charity for veterans due to his personal connections to the military, with both of his grandfathers serving in the Navy, his wife's grandfather being a Marine, and his brother serving in the Air Force. References

External links

SDSU bio

1985 births
Living people
American soccer players
American expatriate soccer players
San Diego State Aztecs men's soccer players
Colorado Rapids U-23 players
Esbjerg fB players
Houston Dynamo FC players
Orlando City SC players
D.C. United players
Soccer players from Washington (state)
LA Galaxy draft picks
USL League Two players
Major League Soccer players
Major League Soccer All-Stars
Expatriate footballers in Denmark
People from SeaTac, Washington
Sportspeople from King County, Washington
American expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
People from Gig Harbor, Washington
American municipal police officers
Association football goalkeepers

masks:
Tally
Hall V
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
International Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall


text_chunks:
<mask> (14 July 1928 — 16 September 1995) was a French actor, cabaret artist, and clown. He first achieved success as a stage actor in Paris in the musical revues of Robert Dhéry. He achieved particular acclaim in Dhéry's Jupon Volé (1954) and La Plume de Ma Tante (1955); the latter of which served as an international vehicle for him with productions in Paris, London's West End (1955-1958), and in New York City on Broadway (1958-1960). In 1959 he and the rest of the cast of La Plume de Ma Tante were awarded a non-competitive Special Tony Award. In 1962 he was nominated for a competitive Tony Award for his portrayal of Jacquot in the original Broadway production of Bob Merrill's Carnival! (1961). <mask> began his career in French cinema in the 1950s.A friend of French director and writer Jean Renoir, he appeared in stage, television, and film works written and directed by him. He was a featured interviewee in the 1993 documentary film on Renoir. He also appeared in many films associated with Dhéry, and performed in both French and American films and television programs during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. In 1962 he was a regular performer on Perry Como's Kraft Music Hall. Some of his notable Hollywood film credits include the Tony Curtis comedy Wild and Wonderful (1964), the James Garner and Dick Van Dyke comedy The Art of Love, and the Academy Award winning musical film Camelot (1967). One of his final screen credits was as Captain Rondicherry in the 1989 television miniseries  Around the World in 80 Days made for CBS television. Early career in French cinema and theatre
Born <mask>-<mask> in Caudéran in the Gironde department of Bordeaux, France, <mask> began his professional acting career on the stage in his late teens.He excelled in comedy roles; aided in that capacity by his small stature and an "owlish face". He first appeared in French cinema in his early 20s, beginning with the role of Sanchez in Marcel Aboulker's Le Trésor des Pieds-Nickelés (1950). Other French films he appeared in during his early career included Miquette et sa mère (1950), Trois femmes (1952), Soyez les bienvenus (1953), Mam'zelle Nitouche (1954), and Ah ! les belles bacchantes (1954). On the stage, <mask> was frequently used in the comedic musical revues of Robert Dhéry in Paris during his early career. The French director Jean Renoir cast <mask> as Roberto, a whistling pierrot, in his 1955 film French Cancan, after seeing his performance in Dhéry's 1954 Paris revue Jupon Volé. Renoir became a close friend with <mask> during the making of this film, a friendship which lasted until Renoir's death in 1979.<mask> starred as Philippe in Renoir's 1955 play Orvet at the Théâtre de la Renaissance. Of Dhéry musical reviews, the most highly regarded on the international stage was La Plume de Ma Tante; which was adapted for the West End's Garrick Theatre from its original French language Paris production by English songwriter Ross Parker. Premiering in London in 1955, the production ran for two and a half years before transferring to Broadway's Royale Theatre in 1958. <mask> portrayed multiple comedic roles in both the West End and Broadway productions, and was one of the production's main comedic talents. In 1957 he appeared on BBC Television in "Jack Hylton presents The Robert Dhéry Show" which included adaptations from the West End musical among other material by Dhéry. The entire cast of La Plume de Ma Tante, including <mask>, was awarded a Special Tony Award in 1959. Carnival!After the Broadway production of La Plume de Ma Tante closed in December 1960, Dhéry remained in the United States and took the part of Jacquot in the original Broadway production of Bob Merrill's Carnival! starring Anna Maria Alberghetti, Jerry Orbach, and Kaye Ballard. The musical premiered at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C. for out of town tryout performances in March 1961. After further tryouts in Philadelphia, the production moved to Broadway's Imperial Theatre where it opened on April 12, 1961. The part of Jacquot was a critical success for <mask> who received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical in 1962. A review in Billboard magazine stated the following about his performance: "The real showman of the group is <mask>, the great French clown from 'La Plume de Ma Tante'. <mask> contribute's 'Carnival's' most effective production number, a bright exhilarating turn titled 'Grand Imperial Cirque de Paris'."<mask> recorded the role of Jacquot on the 1961 original cast album of the musical. That Broadway cast recording reached No. 1 on the Billboard album chart dated July 17, 1961. <mask> later reprised the role of Jacquot at New York City Center in 1968 with the New York City Center Light Opera Company. Work in American television and film
In late 1961 <mask> went to Hollywood to make his first appearances on American television and film; beginning with the role of a clown in a television adaptation of Leonid Andreyev's He Who Gets Slapped starring Richard Basehart and Julie Harris. He portrayed the title role in the December 1961 television film The Enchanted Nutcracker with Carol Lawrence and Robert Goulet as his co-stars. In 1962 he had a recurring role in comedy sketches in Perry Como's television program Kraft Music Hall.In 1966 he portrayed the recurring role of Milan Petros in the television series The Trials of O'Brien. He also portrayed roles in multiple television miniseries, including Lace (1984, as Serge), The Free Frenchman (1989, Georges Auget), and  Around the World in 80 Days (1989, as Captain Rondicherry). His  film roles include Jacquot in Wild and Wonderful (1964), Inspector Carnot in The Art of Love (1965), Petros in Too Many Thieves (1967), Dap in Camelot (1967), Chef in Don't Drink the Water (1969), Cozzier in The Gamblers (1970), Lacoste in Irish Whiskey Rebellion (1972), a Courtier in Cheech & Chong's The Corsican Brothers (1984), and the priest in American Dreamer (1984). He also starred in the 1966 Warner Brothers short film By the Sea. Other stage work in the United States
<mask> remained involved with theatre while venturing into television and film. He starred as Passepartout in the world premiere of Sig Herzig, Sammy Fain and Victor Young's musical adaptation of Around the World in Eighty Days at the Saint Louis Municipal Opera in June 1962. That production co-starred Cyril Ritchard, and it transferred to the Starlight Theatre in Kansas City, Missouri after its Saint Louis run the following August.In between those production, <mask> starred in Frank Lowe's stage adaptation of James Thurber's The 13 Clocks at the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia in July 1962. <mask> was a featured entertainer at the 1964 New York World's Fair. That same year he returned to Broadway as Jerome Lahutte in Yves Jamiaque's play A Murderer Among Us, and appeared Off-Broadway as Ferdinand Goddard in Cy Young's That Hat!, a musical adaptation of the farce The Italian Straw Hat. Neither work was well received, with critics blaming the scripts for not giving <mask> material to display his comedic talent. In 1965 he starred as Raphael Bonnardon in the world premiere of <mask> Aumont's Madame Mousse with Molly Picon in the title role at the Westport Country Playhouse. Other work in French cinema, television, and theatre
In 1964 <mask> reunited with Robert Dhéry to make the film Allez France!, which screened in the United States two years later with the English language title The Counterfeit Constable. He worked with Dhery again ten years later on the film Vos gueules, les mouettes !.In 1970 <mask> reunited with Renoir to make the 1970 television film-series The Little Theatre of Jean Renoir; portraying Gustave in "La Cireuse électrique". He was a featured interviewee in the 1993 documentary film on Renoir. In 1984 <mask> portrayed Bob Cratchit in a French language adaptation of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol for TF1 television. In 1985 he created the role of Abdul in the premiere of Peter Ustinov’s play Comme de mal entendu at the Théâtre de la Madeleine. Later life and death
In his latter years, <mask> lived in a small apartment in Montmartre, Paris which had window views that overlooked the Sacré-Cœur. He died in Paris on September 16, 1995. References

External links
<mask> at IMDB
<mask> at IBDB

1928 births
1995 deaths
20th-century French male actors
French male film actors
French male musical theatre actors
French male stage actors
French male television actors
Special Tony Award recipients

masks:
Pierre Olaf
Olaf
Pierre
Olaf Trivier
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Pierre Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Jean Pierre
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Olaf
Pierre Olaf
Pierre Olaf


text_chunks:
Jacques or <mask> (7 July 1736 in Monestier de Briançon, Hautes-Alpes – 3 July 1820 in Paris) was a Franco-Portuguese businessman, who was a leading figure in the mainly foreign group of industrialists in 18th-century Portugal. He published his Memoirs (Recordaçoens) in 1813 in exile in London, which remain a significant source on Portuguese economic life in the period. Early life

His father was Jacques (in Portugal called <mask>) <mask> (died Mâcon, France in 1779), the son of a Conseil du Roi (in effect a public prosecutor) in Mâcon of the same name, and his wife Jeanne Orsel. Soon after the birth of his eldest son by his marriage to Françoise Bellon (died Mâcon, 1794), daughter of Jacques Bellon and a mother of the Berard family, Jacques emigrated to Portugal, where his brother-in-law Jacques Bellon was already established in Porto, married to Marie Purat. <mask> emigrated to Portugal soon after the birth of his son <mask>, who was brought up by his grandparents and educated in France, before joining his parents at the age of fourteen in Portugal – a pattern typical of the French mercantile community, which <mask> was to repeat with his own children. His Memoirs stress the importance of this – he is highly critical of the backwardness of the Portuguese mercantile classes, who he said hardly used double-entry bookkeeping and were generally unbusiness-like in their ways. In 1758, <mask> married Ana Isabel Clamous, daughter of the French Consul in Porto (again, a son would marry the daughter of another Consul), and in 1762, when France and Portugal were on opposite sides in the Seven Years' War, he was naturalised as Portuguese.However, the Introduction to the 1920 Coimbra edition of his memoirs mentions that, nearly fifty years later, his Portuguese has "irregularidades gramaticais". His father had moved to Lisbon and was in business, including a partnership with his brother-in-law in Oporto; after Jacome was established in business he retired to France. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, vividly described in the Memoirs, caused great losses for the business: 300,000 cruzados, according to the Memoirs. Industrialist
Jacome was an inventive and successful businessman, whose enterprises included a dye-works, a textile mill in Tomar, a paper mill in Elvas, and factories making felt hats in Elvas and Lisbon, the building for which still exists. The Tomar textile mill was the first in Portugal to use modern machinery, and created what was until recently the main industry of the town. The hats were made under a monopoly, though he criticises these in his Memoirs, saying that businessmen should be rewarded with titles instead. He traded in cloth, cognac, Bohemian window-glass, and other products.He invested in sea-salt making at Alcochete, near his country estate, and was also responsible for introducing the eucalyptus to Portugal (a rather mixed blessing), as well as the Araucaria ("monkey-puzzle tree"). His memoirs recount how he made designs for a type of water-pump new to Portugal from a Dutch print. Protege of Pombal
The Marquis of Pombal, the Portuguese prime minister, was keen to encourage industry in Portugal, and consulted with <mask>, although it was not until after Pombal's death that he was made a member of the Real Junta de Commercio, Agricultura, e Navegação, which played an important part in Pombal's efforts to stimulate, and regulate, Portuguese commerce. <mask> was made a Knight of the Order of Christ (who had opposed his mill at their headquarters in Tomar) and ennobled as a nobleman of the royal household. He lived in Lisbon in the neo-classical Ratton Palace, near his hattery, which (partly remodelled by his son Diogo) is now the home of the Portuguese Constitutional Court, with a large country estate at Barroca d’Alva on the Tagus estuary as well, where he reclaimed land. War and exile

The French invasion of 1807 not only destroyed commerce but put the Franco-Portuguese community, of which Jacombe was the most prominent member, in a difficult position. It did not help that General Paul Thiébault, the chief-of-staff to Junot, the French commander, had billeted himself at Jacome's house, and they became friends.After they lost the Battle of Vimeiro in 1808, the French negotiated a withdrawal from Portugal with the British (to the fury of British public opinion). In June 1810 the Regency government in Lisbon persuaded the Prince-Regent in Rio de Janeiro to dismiss Jacome from the Junta after twenty-two years, and in September the same year he was arrested along with many "radicals" and exiled to the small island of Terceira in the Azores. He managed, perhaps through his Freemason connections, to convert this into exile in England, where he remained until ca. 1816, before moving to Paris, where he died. The King had invited him to return to Portugal, but though several of his children were there, he declined. He married Ana Isabel Clamouse, daughter of Bernard Clamouse, from Languedoc, and Geneviève Hartsoeker (she was probably the granddaughter of the scientist Nicolaas Hartsoeker), and they had four sons and four daughters. His son Diogo <mask> was appointed to a commission to improve Portuguese commerce; when no report was published he began to publish his own views in 1821 in a series of short works: Reflexões sobre o Commercio, sobre as Alfandegas, sobre os Depositos, e sobre as Pautas with his proposal for a "Tribunal do Commercio" and other reforms.Diogo's letters to António Araujo de Azevedo, Comte da Barca (1812–1817) were published in 1973 (Paris, Fondation C. Gulbenkian, 1973). His memoirs, whose short title was Recordaçoens de Jacome <mask> sobre ocurrencias do seu tempo em Portugal de Maio de 1747 Setembro de 1810, were published in Portuguese in London by H. Bryer in 1813. They were probably first written in French and a manuscript fair copy in French, with an inscription recording its  presentation by <mask> to General Paul Thiébault, was on the English book market in the 2010s. There have been two 20th century Portuguese editions, Coimbra University Press, 1920 and Lisbon: Fenda, 1992. A school and a sports centre in Tomar are named after him. Sources

Memoirs
The Memoirs are the principal source for all details of <mask>'s life up to 1810:
Recordaçoens de Jacome <mask> sobre ocurrencias do seu tempo em Portugal de Maio de 1747 Setembro de 1810, London: H. Bryer, 1813. Modern editions: Coimbra: University Press, 1920, Online PDF, 394 pages; Lisbon: Fenda, 1992
 A manuscript translation into French by the author also exists (see link below).Bibliography

-Michèle Janin-Thivos, Marchands migrants du Briançonnais, Monestier de Briançon au XVIIIe siècle, 2018 Editions du Fournel. Notes

External links, and sources
XIV International Economic History Congress, Helsinki 2006, Merchant networks and the Brazilian gold: reappraising national abilities.Leonor Freire Costa & Maria Manuela Rocha, pp 8, 9 & passim
Description of MS translation into French of the Memoirs
Genealogy, partly in Portuguese
Photo of Palacio <mask> in Lisbon
extracts from the Memoirs in Portuguese
Jacome <mask> from "Portugal – Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume VI" 1904–15

1736 births
1820 deaths
18th-century Portuguese businesspeople
18th-century French businesspeople
Portuguese nobility
Knights of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
19th-century Portuguese businesspeople

masks:
Jácome Ratton
Jácome
Ratton
Jacques Ratton
Jácome
Jácome
Jácome Ratton
Ratton
Ratton
Ratton
Ratton
Ratton
Ratton
Ratton
Ratton
Ratton