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<mask> is a French philosopher, working on moral philosophy, political philosophy, philosophy of language, gender studies, and popular culture. She is currently a full professor of philosophy at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and a Senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France, after being a professor at the University of Picardie Jules Verne in Amiens until 2010. She has studied at Ecole Normale Supérieure and at Harvard University. She is deputy director of the Institut des sciences juridique et philosophique de la Sorbonne (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne/CNRS). She has extensively published on ordinary language philosophy (Ludwig Wittgenstein, John L. Austin), moral philosophy (moral perfectionism, ethics of care), American philosophy (Stanley Cavell, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson), gender studies, popular culture (TV series), and more recently about democracy and civil disobedience. She is the French translator of most of Stanley Cavell’s work. She has been Visiting Professor at  Boston University (2019) and at Sapienza University of Rome (2019), a Visiting Researcher at the Max Planck Institute (Berlin), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Johns Hopkins University, Visiting Professor at Pontifical University (Lima), and Visiting Professor “Chaire invitée” at the Facultés Saint-Louis (Bruxelles).Since 2019, she has been the principal investigator of the ERC programme devoted to the philosophy of TV series Demoseries. She is member of Editorial/ Scientific Board of Archives de Philosophie, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, Iride, Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, Multitudes, Espace Temps. She is also a columnist at the French journal Libération. Bibliography

Books
 L'Anthropologie logique de Quine, Paris, Vrin, 1992
 Recommencer la philosophie: La philosophie américaine aujourd'hui, Paris, PUF, 1999 (new enlarged edition, Vrin, 2014)
 Du réel à l'ordinaire: Quelle philosophie du langage aujourd'hui ?, Paris, Vrin, 1999 (translated in English, The University of Chicago Press, 2013)
 Faut-il encore écouter les intellectuels?, Paris, Bayard, 2003
 Une autre pensée politique américaine: La démocratie radicale, de R. W. Emerson à S. Cavell, Paris, Michel Houdiard, 2004
 Qu'est-ce que le care? (with Patricia Paperman and Pascale Molinier), Paris, Payot, 2009
 Wittgenstein: Les sens de l'usage, Paris, Vrin, 2009
 Wittgenstein: Le mythe de l’inexpressivité, Paris, Vrin, 2010
 Pourquoi désobéir en démocratie? (with Albert Ogien), Paris, La Découverte, 201010
 Why We Need Ordinary Language Philosophy, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2013
 Face aux désastres: Une conversation à quatre voix sur la folie, le care et les grandes détresses collectives (with Anne M. Lovell, Stefania Pandolfo, Veena Das), Paris, Ithaque, 2013
 Le Principe démocratie (with Albert Ogien), Paris, La Découverte, 2014
 Recommencer la philosophie: Stanley Cavell et la philosophie en Amérique, Paris, Vrin, 2014
 Etica e politica dell'ordinario, Milano, LED Edizioni, 2015
 Antidémocratie, (with Albert Ogien), Paris, La Découverte, 2017
 Nos vies en series, Paris, Climats, 2019
 La société des vulnérables. Leçons féministes d’une crise (with Najat Vallaud-Belkacem), Paris, Gallimard, 2020
 Politics of the Ordinary.Entre compétences et dépendances (coedited with Marlène Jouan), Paris, PUF, 2008
 Normativités du sens commun (coedited with Claude Gautier), Paris, PUF, 2009
 Textes-clés de philosophie du langage (coedited with Bruno Ambroise), 2 volumes, Paris, Vrin, 2009, 2010
 La voix et la vertu: Variétés du perfectionnisme moral, Paris, PUF, 2010
 J. L. Austin et la philosophie du langage ordinaire (coedited with Christophe Al-Saleh), Hildesheim, Olms, 2011
 Tous vulnérables? Ethique du care, les animaux et l'environnement, Paris, Payot, 2012
 La philosophie analytique (coedited with Sabine Plaud), Paris, Ellipses, 2012
 Philoséries: Buffy – Tueuse de vampires (coedited with Sylvie Allouche), Paris, Bragelonne, 2014
 Formes de vie (coedited with Estelle Ferrarese), CNRS éditions, 2018
 Le pouvoir des liens faibles (coedited with Alexandre Gefen), CNRS éditions, 2020
 Concepts de l’ordinaire (coedited with Pierre Fasula), éditions de la Sorbonne 2021

Edited special journal issues
 "Retour du moralisme ?" (coedited with Laurent Jaffro), Cités, 2001
 "Moritz Schlick et le tournant de la philosophie", Etudes Philosophiques, 2001
 "Wittgenstein 1889-1951", Archives de philosophie, 2001
 "Ralph Waldo Emerson: L’autorité du scepticisme", Revue Française d’Etudes Américaines, 2002
 "Naturalisme(s): Héritages contemporains de Hume", Revue de métaphysique et de morale, 2003
 "Politiques de la pornographie" (coedited with Michela Marzano), Cités, 2003
 "Après la structure: Kuhn et les révolutions scientifiques", Archives de philosophie, 2003
 "Usages d’Austin" (coedited with Isabelle Thomas-Fogiel), Revue de métaphysique et de morale, 2004
 "Morale et métaphysique chez G.E. Moore" (coedited with Emmanuel Picavet), Revue de métaphysique et de morale, 2006
 "La contrainte", Actes de savoirs. ), Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 2009 (with Christian Fournier)
 S. Cavell, Qu'est-ce que la philosophie américaine?, Paris, Folio Gallimard, 2009 (with Christian Fournier)
 S. Cavell, Si j'avais su… (Little Did I Know), Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 2014 (with Jean-Louis Laugier)

Articles
 Several publications and papers available on the author's Academia page
 Several papers available on the author's personal website
 Her recent publications and broadcasts are announced on the author's facebook page

Papers in English available online
 "This is us. Wittgenstein and the social", 2012
 "Necrology of Ontology: Putnam, Ethics, Realism", The Monist, volume 103, issue 4, October 2020, pages 391–403
 "Disobedience as Resistance to Intellectual Conformity", Critical Inquiry 45, 2019
 "The Vulnerabiliy of the Ordinary: Goffman, reader of Austin", 2018
 "Voice as Form of Life and Life Form", 2015
 "The Normativity of the Ordinary: Performative Utterances and Social Reality"
 "A Romanticism of Democracy: Emerson, Thoreau, Cavell, Malick"
 "Popular Cultures, Ordinary Criticism: A Philosophy of Minor Genres", MLN Journal | Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012
 "Introduction to the French edition of Must We Mean What We Say? ", Critical Inquiry, vol.37 (2011), no. 4, pp. 627–651
 "The Will to See", Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, vol. 34 (2013), no. 2, pp. 263–281
 "The Ethics of Care as a Politics of the Ordinary"
 Interview with <mask> and Albert Ogien on civil disobedience
 Notes on Stanley Cavell

In French
 <mask>r's publications on Cairn.info
 <mask>'s articles in Libération
 Sandra Laugier's articles in Mediapart
 <mask>r's articles in Multitudes

References

1961 births
Living people
École Normale Supérieure alumni
University of Paris faculty
French philosophers
Wittgensteinian philosophers
Moral philosophers
French women philosophers
21st-century French writers
21st-century French philosophers
21st-century French women writers
Philosophers of language
Philosophers of science
20th-century French women writers
Paris-Sorbonne University faculty

masks:
Sandra Laugier
Sandra Laugier
Sandra Laugie
Sandra Laugier
Sandra Laugie


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<mask> (, Geórgios II; 19 July [O.S: 7 July] 1890 – 1 April 1947) was King of Greece from September 1922 to March 1924 and from November 1935 to his death in April 1947. The eldest son of King Constantine I and Sophia of Prussia, <mask> followed his father into exile in 1917 following the National Schism, while his younger brother Alexander was installed as king. Constantine was restored to the throne in 1920 but was forced to abdicate two years later in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War. <mask> acceded to the Greek throne, but after a failed royalist coup in October 1923 he was exiled to Romania. Greece was proclaimed a republic in March 1924 and <mask> was formally deposed and stripped of Greek nationality. He remained in exile until the Greek monarchy was restored in 1935, upon which he resumed his royal duties. The king supported Ioannis Metaxas's 1936 self-coup, which established the authoritarian, nationalist and anti-communist 4th of August Regime.Greece was overrun following a German invasion in April 1941, forcing <mask> into his third exile. He left for Crete and then Egypt before settling in London, where he headed the Greek government-in-exile. <mask> returned to Greece after the war after a 1946 plebiscite preserved the monarchy. He died of arteriosclerosis in April 1947 at the age of 56. Having no children, he was succeeded by his younger brother, Paul. Early life and first period of kingship

<mask> was born at the royal villa at Tatoi, near Athens, the eldest son of Crown Prince Constantine of Greece and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia; <mask> pursued a military career, training with the Prussian Guard at the age of 18, then serving in the Balkan Wars as a member of the 1st Greek Infantry. When his grandfather was assassinated in 1913, his father became King Constantine I and <mask> became the crown prince.After a coup deposed Constantine I during World War I, Crown Prince <mask>, by then a major in the Hellenic Army, followed his father into exile in June 1917 (see National Schism). <mask>'s younger brother, Alexander, was installed as king by prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos and the allied powers because <mask>, like his father, was viewed as a germanophile. When Alexander I died following an infection from a monkey bite in 1920, Venizelos was voted out of office, and a plebiscite restored Constantine to the throne. Crown <mask> served as a colonel, and later a major general in the war against Turkey. During this time he married his second cousin, on 27 February 1921 in Bucharest, Princess Elisabeth of Romania, daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie of Romania. On March 10 that same year, his younger sister Princess Helen, married his brother in-law from his recent marriage the future <mask> of Romania. When the Turks defeated Greece at the Battle of Dumlupınar, the military forced the abdication of Constantine, and <mask> succeeded to the Greek throne on 27 September 1922.Following a failed royalist coup in October 1923, the Revolutionary Committee asked <mask> to leave Greece while the National Assembly considered the question of the future form of government. He complied and, although he refused to abdicate, <mask> departed on 19 December 1923 for exile in his wife's home nation of Romania. A cold, aloof man, <mask> rarely inspired love or affection from those who knew him, and certainly not from the vast majority of his subjects. Many commented that his moody, sullen personality seemed more appropriate for his ancestral homeland of Denmark than Greece. Furthermore, <mask>'s long years spent living abroad had led him to a mentality that was essentially Western European in outlook. He had come to see Greece very much as Western Europeans did at the time, namely as a primitive, backward Balkan state inhabited by people who were romantic, but savage. First exile

In Romania
The Second Hellenic Republic was proclaimed by parliament on 25 March 1924, before being confirmed by a referendum two and a half weeks later.<mask> and Elisabeth were officially deposed and banished; along with all members of the royal family they were stripped of their Greek citizenship and their property was confiscated by the government of the new republic. Rendered stateless, they were issued new passports from their cousin, King Christian X of Denmark. Exiled in Romania since December 1923, the former Greek ruler and his wife settled in Bucharest, where King Ferdinand and Queen Marie of Romania put at their disposal a wing of the Cotroceni palace for some time. After several weeks, however, the couple moved and established their residence in a more modest villa on Victory Avenue. Regular guests of the Romanian sovereigns, <mask> and Elizabeth took part in the ceremonies which punctuated the life of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family. Despite the kindness with which his mother-in-law treated him, the ex-King of the Hellenes felt idle in Bucharest and struggled to hide the boredom he felt from the splendors of the Romanian court. Tried by the humiliations of exile, financial difficulties and the absence of descendants, relations between <mask> and Elisabeth deteriorated.After having first assuaged her weariness in too rich food and gambling, the ex-queen of the Hellenes then carried on extra-marital affairs with various married men. She took advantage of a visit to her sick sister, in Belgrade, to flirt with her own brother-in-law, Alexander, the King of Yugoslavia. Later, she began an affair with her husband's banker, a Greek named Alexandros Scavani, whom she made her chamberlain to cover up the scandal. In the United Kingdom

At the start of his life as an exile, <mask> spent half the year in Romania with Elizabeth. Alone or with his wife, he divided the remaining six months between Tuscany, where he resided with his mother, at Villa Bobolina, and the UK, where he had many friends. On 16 September 1930, he was initiated into Freemasonry in London and became venerable master of the Wellwood Lodge in 1933. After the death of the queen dowager Sophie, in 1932, <mask> chose to leave Bucharest and his wife permanently to establish his residence in London.Accompanied by his squire, Major Dimitrios Levidis, and a faithful servant, Mitso Panteleos, the ex-sovereign rented a small suite with two rooms at Brown's Hotel in Mayfair. Restoration of monarchy and the Metaxas regime
In Greece between 1924 and 1935, there were 23 changes of government, a dictatorship, and 13 coups. General Georgios Kondylis, a former Venizelist who had suddenly decided to throw in his lot with the monarchist forces, overthrew the government in October 1935 and appointed himself prime minister. He then arranged a plebiscite both to approve his government and to bring an end to the republic. On 3 November 1935, almost 98% of the reported votes supported restoration of the monarchy. The balloting was not secret, and participation was compulsory. As Time described it at the time, "As a voter one could drop into the ballot box a blue vote for <mask> II and please General <mask>, or one could cast a red ballot for the Republic and get roughed up."<mask>, who had been living at Brown's Hotel in London, returned to Greek soil on 25 November. Almost immediately he and Kondylis disagreed over the terms of a general amnesty the King wanted to declare, and <mask> appointed an interim prime minister, Konstantinos Demertzis. New elections were held in January, which resulted in a hung parliament with the Communists (who were naturally anti-monarchist) holding the balance of power. A series of unexpected deaths amongst the better-known politicians (including Kondylis and Demertzis), as well as the uncertain political situation, led to the rise to power of veteran army officer Ioannis Metaxas. On 4 August 1936, <mask> endorsed Metaxas's establishment of dictatorship – the "4th of August Regime", signing decrees that dissolved the parliament, banned political parties, abolished the constitution, and purported to create a "Third Hellenic Civilization". The king, ruling with Prime Minister Metaxas, oversaw a right-wing regime in which political opponents were arrested and strict censorship was imposed. An Index of banned books during that period included the works of Plato, Thucydides and Xenophon.<mask> disliked dealing with both Greek politicians and ordinary Greeks, and preferred to let Metaxas undertake tours of the provinces. His support for the 4th of August Regime ended the limited popularity that he enjoyed in Greece. World War II

Italian and German invasions
Despite the 4th of August regime's strong economic and military ties to Nazi Germany, King <mask> was known to have pro-British feelings at the start of World War II. On 28 October 1940, Metaxas rejected an Italian ultimatum demanding the stationing of Italian troops on Greek soil, sparking the Greco-Italian War. The Greeks successfully repelled the Italian invasion and launched a successful counter-attack, eventually occupying the southern half of Albania (then an Italian protectorate). But when the Germans invaded from Bulgaria on 6 April 1941, the Greeks and the British Expeditionary Force were quickly overrun. Crisis of April 1941 and evacuation to Crete

Following the suicide of Prime Minister Alexandros Koryzis on 18 April 1941 in the face of the rapid German advance, <mask> unable to find a speedy successor, found himself as the de facto head of government as well as head of the armed services.The King had thus a unique opportunity to form a broader government of national consensus, and abolish the hated dictatorial regime—whose sole bastion of support he now was. Though urged to this step by the influential British ambassador, Michael Palairet, <mask> refused. Instead, several names were put forward to head a government. <mask> initially proposed Konstantinos Kotzias, one of Metaxas' ministers, but his ties to the regime made him an unfeasible choice; instead veteran Venizelist general Alexandros Mazarakis-Ainian was given the mandate to form a government, but returned it on 20 April, partly due to his refusal to collaborate with Metaxas' hated security minister Konstantinos Maniadakis; other figures, such as the former dictator Theodoros Pangalos, were also rejected. Finally, Emmanouil Tsouderos, former governor of the Bank of Greece, was chosen, chiefly on account of his known Anglophile sentiments, Venizelist past, and Cretan origin-where with mainland Greece being overrun, the government was preparing to evacuate too. As Cretans cherished the memory of Venizelos but was generally seen as anti-monarchical, this appointment was seen as a sop to local sentiment. On 23 April the King and the government fled the Greek mainland for Crete.Despite a heroic defense of the island by Greek forces and the local population in the face of a German airborne attack, Crete soon fell and <mask> was forced evacuated once again-initially to Egypt. Seemingly at the behest of King Farouk of Egypt and his pro-Italian ministers, <mask> soon relocated to Great Britain, as in his previous exile. Second exile

Throughout the Axis occupation, <mask> remained the internationally recognised head of state, backed by the Greek government-in-exile and the Free Greek Forces. The British Foreign Office found him an exceedingly difficult man to deal with however. <mask> was deeply obstinate about upholding what he regarded as his royal prerogatives; he proved notably unwilling to compromise with those who wanted a clear break with the 4th of August Regime. and resisted British pressure to promise to restore the constitution of 1911, under the grounds that doing so would be to admit he acted illegally in suspending the constitution in 1936. <mask> kept on until 1942 cabinet ministers from the Metaxas regime, most notably Maniadakis.Under heavy British pressure, <mask> in a radio broadcast on 28 October 1941 reluctantly proclaimed the end of the 4th of August Regime, and only in February 1942 did he promise to restore articles 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 20 and 95 of the 1911 constitution. A deeply paranoid and insecure man, <mask> believed that the British government was plotting to prevent his return to Greece, despite all of the evidence to the contrary. Edward Warner of the Southern Department of the Foreign Office wrote in March 1942 that the king was "under the extraordinary impression that the Foreign Office was 'pro-Republican and anti-himself'". The British ambassador to the government-in-exile, Sir Reginald Leeper, noted that the king's coldness did not win him many friends, writing: "Amongst these vivacious, talkative and intensely political southerners he is very much the reserved northerner who damps the ardour of those who might otherwise acclaim him". Leeper noted that almost every meeting he had with the king, he had to listen to a lengthy litany of complaints. In particular, the king objected to BBC's Greek language service, whose main radio announcer, G.N. Soteriadis, was a Venizelist.<mask> repeatedly asked that Soteriadis be replaced with a monarchist. One of <mask>'s few friends was the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was determined to see him restored and often backed the king's complaints against his own officials. In occupied Greece, however, the leftist partisans of the National Liberation Front (EAM) and National Popular Liberation Army (ELAS), now unfettered by Metaxas' oppression, had become the largest Greek Resistance movement, enjoying considerable popular support. As liberation drew nearer, however, the prospect of the King's return caused dissensions both inside Greece and among the Greeks abroad. Although the King effectively renounced the Metaxas regime in a radio broadcast, a large section of the people and many politicians rejected his return on account of his support of the dictatorship. In November 1943, <mask> wrote to the Prime Minister-in-exile Emmanouil Tsouderos, "I shall examine anew the question of the date of my return to Greece in agreement with the Government". Either deliberately or accidentally, the version released for publication omitted the words "of the date", creating the impression that <mask> had agreed to a further plebiscite on the monarchy, even though a retraction was issued.After two changes of Prime Minister, the establishment of a rival Communist-led government in occupied Greece and a pro-EAM mutiny among the armed forces in the Middle East, it was agreed in the May 1944 Lebanon conference that the fate of the monarchy would be decided in a national referendum. <mask> was very much opposed to a regency, and tried his best to turn his friend Winston Churchill against Archbishop Damaskinos of Athens, accusing him of being a Communist and a Nazi collaborator. As late as Christmas Eve 1944, during the height of the Dekemvriana, <mask> had rejected the compromise solution of a regency, demanding that he return to Greece at once to reclaim his throne. On 29 December 1944, at a meeting at 10 Downing Street Churchill told the king "...that if he did not agree to the matter would be settled without him, and that we should recognise the new Government instead of him". The king's private secretary recalled: "I could hear through the door the voices of Churchill and Eden, particularly the latter, raised in anger at the King. In this heated argument the door was flung open and the King stormed out, his face white and taut...In the car as we drove back to the hotel the King would not trust himself to speak; after recovering his composure he went back to Downing Street and informed Churchill and Eden that had no choice but to acquiesce to their demands". Bowing to Allied pressure, <mask> was forced to appoint Archbishop Damaskinos of Athens as Regent in January 1945.Damaskinos immediately appointed a republican-dominated government. Ill, exhausted and powerless, <mask> bought a lease on a house in Chester Square, Belgravia, and made a home there with his long-time mistress. Return to Greece and death

In elections held on 31 March 1946, the monarchist parties won a clear majority of the parliamentary seats, aided by the abstention of the Communists, and the referendum on the monarchy was set for 1 September. Between then and the plebiscite, the electoral registers were revised under Allied supervision. The announced results claimed 68.4% in favour of the King's return on an 86.6% turnout. However, even Allied observers acknowledged that the official results were marked by significant fraud by monarchist supporters. In the words of the official Allied observation report, "There is no doubt in our minds that the party representing the government view exercised undue influence in securing votes in support of the return of the King."On 26 September, <mask> returned to Greece to find the Royal Palace looted, the woods at Tatoi chopped down for fuel and corpses buried in shallow graves outside. His country faced economic collapse and political instability. He died of arteriosclerosis on 1 April 1947, after he was discovered unconscious in his room at the Royal Palace in Athens. When the news was announced some thought it to be an April Fool's Day joke. His funeral was held on 6 April at the Orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens, He was succeeded by his younger brother, Paul. In popular culture

During WWII, the Allies used the figure of <mask> II as an instrument of propaganda to reinforce Greek patriotic sentiment. Several short films centred on the sovereign and his government are thus shot, such as Heroic Greece!by the American Frank Norton (1941). The romantic relationship of King <mask> II and his mistress, nicknamed "Mrs. Brown", is briefly mentioned in the third episode ("The New King") from the British mini-series Edward & Mrs. Simpson, which features the king's cruise with <mask> and Wallis Simpson in the Greek Islands, in 1936. Various stamps bearing the effigy of <mask> have been issued by Greek Post during his reign. A series of four stamps depicting the sovereign was thus issued, shortly after his restoration to the throne, on 1 November 1937, with face values of 1, 3, 8 and 100 drachmas. Various Greek coins bearing the image of <mask> II have been issued by the Bank of Greece. 5 (2019–2020), σελ. 113–26

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1890 births
1947 deaths
19th-century Greek people
20th-century Greek monarchs
20th-century prime ministers of Greece
Nobility from Athens
Greek princes
Danish princes
Field marshals of Greece
House of Glücksburg (Greece)
Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
World War II political leaders
Greek people of World War II
Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Burials at Tatoi Palace Royal Cemetery
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Order of Saints George and Constantine
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Recipients of the War Cross (Norway)
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Greek exiles
Kings of Greece
Commander's Crosses of the Cross of Valour (Greece)
4th of August Regime
Greek anti-communists
Sons of kings
Deaths from arteriosclerosis
Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)

masks:
George II
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
Prince George
Carol II
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George Kondylis
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
Edward VIII
George II
George


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<mask> (17 February 1858 – 4 January 1920) was an American country doctor, businessman, banker, rancher, state representative, state senator, county judge, and regent of Oregon State Agricultural College (today's Oregon State University). He also ran for United States Congress, and was his party's candidate for the United States Senate. <mask>'s educational trust fund has financed college educations for generations of Lake County, Oregon students, a legacy that continues to this day. <mask> was born in Ireland on 17 February 1858. He immigrated with his parents to the United States in 1864, and the family settled in Selma, Alabama. As a young man, <mask> attended college in Ohio, and then medical school at the University of Louisville in Kentucky. After graduating from medical school, he joined the United States Army, and was posted to Fort Bidwell, California.In 1887, <mask> was mustered out of the army, and he moved fifty miles north to Lakeview, Oregon where he began a private medical practice. During a Christmas Eve party in 1894, an oil lamp started a fire in a crowded community hall in the small town of Silver Lake, Oregon. Forty-three people were killed in the blaze, and many more were badly injured. <mask> drove his buggy from Lakeview to Silver Lake, a distance of ninety-five miles, over bad, snow-covered roads to help victims of the tragedy. It took twenty-four hours of continuous travel for <mask> to reach Silver Lake. Despite the long journey, he began treating burn victims as soon as he arrived, and continued without rest until everyone had been seen. The fire was widely reported, and <mask>'s efforts to reach and treat the victims earned statewide recognition and many admirers.<mask> also played a very important role in the economic development of Lake County. In 1897, he organized and opened the Bank of Lakeview. He established the 7T ranch in the North Warner Valley east of Lakeview near Plush, Oregon. The ranch eventually became one of the largest livestock suppliers in the county. When Lakeview's downtown area was destroyed by fire in May 1900, <mask> financed the city's reconstruction. He also helped bring the Nevada-California-Oregon Railroad to Lakeview in 1912. Education was always important to <mask>.He served on both local and state education boards. He was a member of the Lake County school board from 1889 to 1915. He also served on the Oregon State Agricultural College board of regents from 1898 to 1906. <mask> died on 4 January 1920 in Livermore, California while en route to a San Francisco hospital for treatment of a heart condition. He was buried in Lakeview. Over six hundred citizens attended his funeral. At the time of his death, <mask> had financial interests in numerous enterprises throughout Lake County.He was the largest stockholder in the Bank of Lakeview. He owned the largest ranch in south-central Oregon as well as a number of other businesses and at least 14 buildings in downtown Lakeview. All together his partnerships and investments brought the value of his estate to almost $1,000,000, a very large sum in 1920. <mask>, a lifelong Democrat, was active in Oregon politics for almost thirty years and was elected to numerous offices. In 1892, he was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives representing Lake, Klamath, and Crook counties. (At that time, Crook County covered all of central Oregon including what is now Deschutes and Jefferson counties.) The Oregonian's Handbook, published in 1894, noted that <mask> was elected by a "most flattering majority."Despite the fact that Republicans dominated the legislature, <mask> quickly became one of its most respected members, well known for his support of education. He was elected to the Oregon State Senate in 1896. During his tenure in the legislature, <mask> earned a reputation as one of the Democratic Party's most progressive leaders. In 1897, he was the Democratic Party's nominee for an open United States Senate seat, but the Republican-controlled legislature selected Republican Joseph Simon. He ran for Congress in 1900, but was defeated in a close race by Thomas H. Tongue. Though Lake County was a Republican stronghold, <mask> was easily elected County Judge in 1902, a position he continued to hold through 1914. During his tenure as Lake County's chief executive, the county built a new court house in 1909 using tax revenue from land left by the defunct Oregon Central Military Wagon Road Company.In 1916, Lake County became the first county in eastern Oregon to issue bonds for highway construction. When the bonds failed to sell as expected, <mask> bought the remaining bonds himself. Since the bonds paid six percent interest, it was a good investment as well as a savvy political move. When the Oregon state legislature was considering creating a new circuit court district to serve Lake County, it seemed that everyone assumed <mask> would be appointed to the new position. However, circuit court judges were required to be members of the Oregon State Bar and <mask> had no formal legal training. To remedy this problem, the Oregon Supreme Court directed Henry L. Benson, a circuit judge from Klamath Falls and friend of <mask>'s, to oversee a one-man bar examination. Benson chose to conduct the examination over dinner at the Baldwin Hotel in Klamath Falls.A few days after having dinner with <mask>, Benson sent a report to the clerk of the Oregon Supreme Court informing him that <mask> had passed the bar examination. Based on Benson's recommendation, <mask> was admitted to the Oregon State Bar. When the legislature created the new judicial district in 1915, <mask> was appointed to the new circuit court position. Beginning on 23 February 1915, <mask> served as the state circuit court judge for Lake County. A position he held until 1918. Legacy
As early as 1888, <mask> began actively encouraging young people to apply for college. When families could not afford the tuition, <mask> quietly paid the bill.When he died, <mask> gave his fortune to the people of Lake County in the form of the Bernard Daly Educational Fund. <mask> wrote in his will:

The fact that his will specifically directed that <mask> scholarships be granted to women as well as men was very progressive for that era. Today, the education fund <mask> established is the oldest continuously operating place-based college scholarship in the United States. Each year, approximately 40 graduates of Lake County high schools receive <mask> scholarships. To date, well over two thousand students from Lakeview and other Lake County communities have used <mask>'s generous scholarships to attend college. <mask>'s legacy is still widely recognized. In 2008, Republican Senator Gordon Smith and Democratic Senator Ron Wyden jointly sponsored a bill to rename the Lakeview post office building in <mask>'s honor.The bill was passed by both houses of the United States Congress and signed by the President of the United States on 7 October 2008, officially designating Lakeview's post office as the Doctor <mask> Post Office Building. References

External links
 The Oregon History Project: "<mask>"

19th-century Irish people
20th-century Irish people
1858 births
1920 deaths
Oregon State University people
Members of the Oregon House of Representatives
People from Lake County, Oregon
Oregon state senators
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
Physicians from Oregon
County judges in Oregon
People from Lakeview, Oregon
Ranchers from Oregon

masks:
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<mask>  (born November 12, 1949) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Rhode Island, a seat he was first elected to in 1996. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. representative for  from 1991 to 1997. <mask> graduated from the United States Military Academy and Harvard University, serving in the U.S. Army as an active officer from 1971 to 1979. He is the dean of Rhode Island's congressional delegation. Early life, education and career
<mask> was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, the son of Mary Louise ( Monahan) and <mask>. <mask> graduated from La Salle Academy and the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1971. After graduating, he spent several years in active duty military service.<mask> earned the Ranger Tab and was a paratrooper. He served as a paratrooper in the 2nd Battalion, 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division where he was a Platoon Leader, Company Commander and Battalion Staff Officer. <mask> attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, where he received a Master of Public Policy. He returned to West Point in 1978 as an associate professor in the Department of Social Sciences. He left active duty in 1979 after earning the rank of captain. He served in the United States Army Reserve until 1991, and retired as a major. After leaving active duty, <mask> enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he became a member of the Board of Student Advisers.In 1982, he graduated with his Juris Doctor and worked as an associate at the Washington, D.C. office of law firm of Sutherland Asbill & Brennan. Afterward, he returned to Rhode Island and worked for the Providence law firm Edwards and Angell until 1990. <mask> was elected as a state senator in 1984 and served three terms. <mask> married professional Senate staffer Julia Hart in a Roman Catholic ceremony in the Catholic chapel on the United States Military Academy campus on April 16, 2005. On January 5, 2007, their daughter, Emily, was born. U.S. House of Representatives
In 1990, <mask> was elected to the United States House of Representatives, receiving 59% of the vote in the general election. For the next six years, he focused on education and health care.U.S. Senate

Elections
1996

When Senator Claiborne Pell, the longest-serving senator in Rhode Island's history and the 13th longest-serving senator in US history, announced his retirement in 1996, <mask> declared his candidacy. <mask> won the Democratic primary with 86% of the vote and beat the Republican nominee, Rhode Island General Treasurer Nancy Mayer, 63% to 35%. 2002

<mask> ran for a second term. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary and his Republican opponent was Robert Tingle, a casino pit manager and the unsuccessful Republican nominee for the state's 2nd congressional district in 2000. <mask> won by 78% to 22%. 2008

<mask> ran for a third term. He won the Democratic primary with 87% of the vote.In the general election, he faced a rematch with Tingle, again winning in a landslide, 73% to 27%. 2014

<mask> ran for a fourth term. Polling showed him leading prospective Republican opponents by margins of between 29% and 65%. Unopposed in the Democratic primary, <mask> faced former Congressional nominee and former Rhode Island Republican Party Chairman Mark Zaccaria in the general election. <mask> won in another landslide, 71% to 29%. 2020

<mask> ran for a fifth term. He won the Democratic primary unopposed.In the general election, he faced investment consultant Allen R. Waters and won in yet another landslide, 67% to 33%. Political future
In 2008, <mask> was mentioned as a potential Vice Presidential running mate for Barack Obama. On July 14, 2008, <mask> announced that he was "not interested" in becoming Obama's running mate. <mask> has consistently been mentioned as a possible Secretary of Defense. In late 2010, he turned down Obama's offer to succeed Robert Gates as Secretary of Defense. The position was ultimately filled by Leon Panetta. After Obama was reelected in 2012 and Panetta announced his decision to retire, <mask> was again mentioned as a possible nominee for the position, as well as for Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.Once again, he denied interest in either position. When Panetta's successor Chuck Hagel announced his resignation in December 2014, <mask> was again said to be on Obama's shortlist. Despite the Republican takeover of the Senate in the 2014 elections, it was said that <mask>'s confirmation would be a "foregone conclusion". He again denied interest, with a spokesman saying, "Senator <mask> loves his job and wants to continue serving the people of Rhode Island in the United States Senate. He has made it very clear that he does not wish to be considered for Secretary of Defense or any other cabinet position. He just asked the people of Rhode Island to hire him for another six-year term and plans on honoring that commitment." On November 24, 2014, Ted Nesi of WPRI-TV gave some reasons that <mask> might be uninterested in cabinet positions, citing his "safe seat", his status as one of the most popular politicians in the state, his fondness for working in the Senate and his passion for housing policy.He concluded that "no matter how many times <mask>'s aides privately groan about another flareup of defense secretary speculation, they surely appreciate that each recurrence is a sign of the senator's positive reputation in Washington and Obama's esteem for him." Committee assignments
Committee on Armed Services (Chairman)
Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
Subcommittee on Seapower
Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
Committee on Appropriations
Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
Subcommittee on Defense
Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection
Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development
Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment
Select Committee on Intelligence (ex officio)

Caucus memberships
 Afterschool Caucuses

Legislation sponsored
The following is an incomplete list of legislation that <mask> has sponsored:
 Affordable College Textbook Act (S. 1864; 115th Congress)

Political positions
Since his election to Congress, <mask> has consistently voted in a similar manner to other New England Democrats, holding generally liberal positions on social and economic issues. He has voted with his party 94.7% of the time. Abortion
<mask> strongly supports abortion rights, and has rejected proposals to limit late-term abortion, ban such procedures from occurring on military installations, and deny minors the right to cross state lines to obtain abortions. Civil rights
<mask> supports affirmative action. He has voted to expand such policies and to set aside money for women and minorities from the highway fund. He also supported LGBTQ rights, voting against a proposed constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage and in favor of measures that prevent job discrimination and hate crimes against LGBTQ people.Economy and jobs
<mask> has generally supported fair trade policies over similar ones advocating free trade. He voted against renewing presidential authority to "fast-track" normalized trade relations. <mask> opposed CAFTA and similar free trade proposals for Chile, Singapore, Peru, and Oman, but voted in favor of normalizing trade relations with China. He has also been a strong supporter of unionizing workers, and has criticized government and business interference with these groups. <mask> supports increasing the minimum wage and unemployment compensation. <mask> serves on the Senate Banking Committee, which has held hearings into JP Morgan Chase bank's activities. He has accepted campaign contributions from its CEO Jamie Dimon.Election security
In July 2019, <mask> and Minnesota Senator Amy Klobuchar sent a letter to Acting Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Kevin McAleenan requesting an explanation of the actions the DHS took in response to "unexpected behavior" of voting equipment in Durham County, North Carolina during the 2016 presidential election and writing that it was "critical that we learn as much as we can about the extent of the attacks we faced in 2016, and that these lessons be shared as widely as possible so that our nation is fully prepared for the 2020 elections." <mask> supports limiting American oil use and expanding alternative energy. He opposes Arctic National Wildlife Refuge drilling and federal subsidies for oil exploration, while favoring a 40% reduction in oil use by 2025 and funding for hydrogen automobiles. <mask> has voted to end discussions on Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards, and has been an outspoken proponent of stronger restrictions of mercury use, as well as an end to commercial whaling. Gun laws
<mask> has voted against limiting lawsuits on gun manufacturers and has favored expanding gun control. He voted against loosening background checks at gun shows. Healthcare
<mask> has been an advocate of preventive healthcare.Like many other Democrats, he supports increasing Medicare funding, enrolling more Americans into programs that help the uninsured, allowing prescription drugs to be imported from Canada, and negotiating bulk medication purchases for Medicare in order to lower costs. <mask> does not support Medicare for All. Instead, in 2019 he proposed the Choose Medicare Act, which he claims increases "access, competition, and choice." Immigration
Although he voted for the 1996 Immigration Reform Bill, <mask> has generally supported allowing undocumented immigrants and foreign workers to enter the path to citizenship. He supports Guest Worker programs and giving immigrants access to Social Security. He opposed establishing English as the nation's official language and has been critical of the effort to fence the US-Mexican border. He is the author of the Reed Amendment, which permits former U.S. citizens to be denied entry to the country if they are believed to have renounced their citizenship for tax reasons.On February 23, 2010, <mask> co-sponsored the DREAM Act, a piece of legislation that would allow undocumented students living in the United States from a very young age to gain legal status. When asked about voting against Social Security benefits going to illegal immigrants, <mask> said that he supported this interim measure and "any such agreement must be fully examined so that it does not adversely impact benefits earned by American citizens." LGBT rights
In October 2018, <mask> was one of 20 senators to sign a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urging him to reverse the rollback of a policy that granted visas to same-sex partners of LGBTQ diplomats who had unions that were not recognized by their home countries, writing that too many places around the world have seen LGBTQ individuals "subjected to discrimination and unspeakable violence, and receive little or no protection from the law or local authorities", and that the US refusing to let LGBTQ diplomats bring their partners to the US would be tantamount to upholding "the discriminatory policies of many countries around the world." Veteran affairs
<mask> helps veterans enter the Department of Veteran Affairs, ensuring that former servicemen and servicewomen can receive medical care. War in Iraq
<mask> was one of 23 US senators to vote against H.J. Resolution 114, which authorized President George W. Bush to use force against Iraq in 2002. In 2007, he elaborated on his sentiments, saying, "It was a flawed strategy that diverted attention and resources away from hunting down Osama bin Laden's terrorist network."Like David Petraeus, <mask> said he believed the real problems in Iraq were political and unrelated to the military. War in Yemen
In 2018, <mask> was one a few Democrats to support U.S. backing of the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen. By 2019 he reversed his position, saying that he wanted to end U.S. support for the coalition. A network of progressive groups, including Demand Progress, Working Families Party, and Chapo Trap House, urged <mask> to ensure that the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act withdrew support for the war. Nagorno–Karabakh conflict
On October 1, 2020, <mask> co-signed a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo that condemned Azerbaijan’s offensive operations against the Republic of Artsakh, denounced Turkey’s role in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and called for an immediate ceasefire. <mask> stated that "Armenians have a right to defend themselves when attacked." War in Afghanistan
<mask> supports President Joe Biden's decision to withdraw all U.S. troops from Afghanistan by September 2021.He said that "the president made a difficult, but the best of many poor choices." 10, 2006
Mulligan, John E. "Soldiering On", Washingtonian, September 1, 2008

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1949 births
21st-century American politicians
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party United States senators
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
La Salle Academy alumni
Lawyers from Washington, D.C. Living people
Members of the Council on Foreign Relations
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Rhode Island
Politicians from Cranston, Rhode Island
Rhode Island Democrats
Rhode Island state senators
United States Army officers
United States Military Academy alumni
United States senators from Rhode Island
American people of Portuguese descent

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<mask> (born May 23, 1958) is an American actor, comedian, and game show host. After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps and making a name for himself in stand-up comedy, he gained stardom in his own sitcom, The <mask> Show, and as host of the U.S. version of the improv comedy show Whose Line Is It Anyway?, both of which aired on ABC. He then appeared in several films, television series, music videos, a made-for-television film, and a computer game. He has hosted the game show The Price Is Right since October 15, 2007 on CBS. <mask> is interested in a variety of sports and has worked as a photographer at U.S. National Team soccer games. He is a minority owner of the Major League Soccer team Seattle Sounders FC, which won the MLS Cup, first in 2016 and again in 2019. He briefly participated in professional wrestling, most notably entering the 2001 Royal Rumble, and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2011.<mask>'s autobiography, Dirty Jokes and Beer: Stories of the Unrefined, details his early life and television career. Early life and education

<mask> was born on May 23, 1958. He is the youngest of Lewis and Beulah <mask>'s three sons (Neil, 1946-2010 and Roger, born 1952) and was raised in the Old Brooklyn neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. When <mask> was eight years old, his father died from a heart attack. <mask> played the cornet and trumpet in the marching band of James Ford Rhodes High School, from which he graduated in 1975. He continued on to college at Kent State University (KSU) and was a part of Delta Tau Delta Fraternity. He was expelled twice for poor academic performance.He left KSU after three years. Upon leaving the university, <mask> enlisted into the United States Marine Corps Reserve in 1980 and served for six years as a field radio operator in the 25th Marine Regiment in Ohio. He moved to Las Vegas for a few months in 1983, and for a short time worked as a bank teller and a waiter at Denny's. Career

Stand-up career
In 1985, he began his comedy career by following up on a suggestion by David Lawrence (a disc jockey friend who had been paying <mask> to write jokes for David's radio show in Cleveland) to go to the library and borrow books on how to write jokes. The following year, after winning an open mic contest, he became Master of Ceremonies at the Cleveland Comedy Club. He performed at comedy clubs over the next few years in Cleveland and Los Angeles. He first came to the national eye as a comedian when he competed in the 1988 Star Search.<mask> was working as a stand-up comedian when he appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in November 1991. His performance that night impressed Carson, who invited <mask> to the couch next to his desk; this was considered a rare honor for any comedian. In that same year, <mask> joined the 14th Annual Young Comedians Special on HBO and made his first appearance on Late Night with David Letterman. In 1994, <mask> wrote his own stand-up comedy special, <mask>: Human Cartoon, which aired on Showtime and won a CableACE Award for Best Writing. Acting career

Early roles
His early stand-up career led to supporting roles on television shows, during which he developed the character of a hapless middle-class bachelor. In 1993, <mask> had a small role in the film Coneheads as a taxi passenger. In 1994, <mask> co-starred with John Caponera in The Good Life, a short-lived sitcom on NBC.After the show was cancelled, Bruce Helford, a writer on the show, hired <mask> as a consultant for the television show Someone Like Me. The <mask> Show
After their stint on Someone Like Me, <mask> and Helford developed and produced the storyline for The Drew <mask> Show. The sitcom revolved around a fictionalized version of <mask>, as he took on the stresses of life and work with his group of childhood friends. The show premiered on September 13, 1995, on ABC. In his autobiography, <mask> revealed his frustration with having to deal with censors and being unable to employ the off-color humor common in his stand-up routines. <mask> initially earned $60,000 per episode in the first seasons, then renegotiated for $300,000. By the final season, he was earning $750,000 per episode.The show had high ratings for its first few seasons, but declining ratings and increasing production costs (around $3 million per episode) precipitated its cancellation. The program had a total of 233 episodes over its nine-year run, and <mask> was one of four actors to appear in every episode. Improv television
While still starring in The <mask> Show, <mask> began hosting the American version of the improvisational comedy show Whose Line Is It Anyway? in 1998. He would announce the improv cast, direct the games, and then would usually involve himself in the final game of the episode. The show ran for a total of 220 episodes until cancellation in 2006 (it returned with a different host in 2013). In 1998, the New York Friars' Club made <mask> the newest inductee of the group's Comedy Central Roast.His friend Ryan Stiles (who costarred in The <mask> Show and Whose Line Is It Anyway?) served as the roastmaster. <mask>'s income from Whose Line Is It Anyway? and The <mask> Show led to his inclusion on the Forbes list of highest-paid entertainers of 1998, at 24th with $45.5 million. For the WB's 2004–2005 prime time schedule, <mask> co-produced and starred in <mask>'s Green Screen Show, a spin-off of Whose Line Is It Anyway?. It was canceled by the WB, but picked up shortly afterward by Comedy Central. The show's premise relied on the use of a green screen for some of the actors' improv interaction with each other.Animation on the screen was visible to the live audience and it was also inserted during post-production for the television audience. In April 2011, <mask> began hosting a primetime improv show, called <mask>'s Improv-A-Ganza. It was filmed at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada, and first aired on April 11. The show took on the premise of Whose Line? and <mask>'s Green Screen Show in that it features many of the same performers from both shows and did improv based on audience-provided suggestions. Improv All-Stars
<mask> was one of the founders of the Improv All-Stars, a group of eleven actors who perform in unscripted skits. The group joined <mask> in all three of his improv shows, Whose Line Is It Anyway?, <mask>'s Green Screen Show, and <mask>'s Improv-A-Ganza, and some members had major roles or guest-starred on The <mask> Show.The Improv All-Stars travel on comedy tours, performing at comedy clubs throughout the United States. Game show host

Power of 10
Beginning in 2007, <mask> began hosting game shows, beginning with his April selection as host of the CBS game show pilot Power of 10. The show ran from August 7, 2007, to January 23, 2008, and aired twice weekly during the late summer and early fall. Each game featured contestants predicting how a cross-section of Americans responded to questions covering a wide variety of topics in polls conducted by CBS. The Price Is Right

After taping the pilot episode for Power of 10, <mask> was contacted by CBS about replacing Bob Barker—who had earlier announced his own retirement—as host of The Price Is Right. After initially turning down the offer, <mask> announced on Late Show with David Letterman that he would succeed Barker as host of the program beginning in the fall of 2007. His first episode of The Price Is Right was taped on August 15, 2007, and his shows began airing on October 15, 2007.In response to replacing Barker as host of the game show, <mask> stated "You can't replace Bob Barker. I don't compare myself to anybody... It's only about what you're doing and supposed to do, and I feel like I'm supposed to be doing this." When <mask> began hosting, the set, theme music, and show logo were updated. <mask> has retained the application of Barker's closing comment about spaying and neutering pets. In 2017, <mask> celebrated his tenth anniversary as host of the show. Other roles and appearances

<mask> began appearing in commercials for restaurants in the late 1990s in Canada with The Great Root Bear, but his two-year contract with A&W Food Services of Canada was cut short in November 1998 after an episode of The <mask> Show featured McDonald's.As a result of his dismissal, <mask> sued A&W for compensation. Disney's Hollywood Studios (then "Disney-MGM Studios"), part of Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, debuted a 12-minute attraction in 1999 titled Sounds Dangerous!. In the show, a camera follows <mask> through a day as an undercover detective. When his video camera fails, the audience is left in complete darkness, wearing earphones, following his adventure through sound cues. The attraction is now closed. In 2000, <mask> was given a cameo appearance in the House Party expansion pack of the computer game The Sims. To make him appear, the characters in the game must throw a successful party, which causes <mask> to arrive in a limo and join the festivities.<mask> is a fan of The Sims series, and during one April Fool's episode of The Drew <mask> Show, a scene takes place completely within The Sims. <mask> made several other cameo appearances in music videos, including "Weird Al" Yankovic's 1999 video for "It's All About the Pentiums" and Fountains of Wayne's 2004 video for "Mexican Wine", giving an introduction to the video as if it were on a stage. On January 21, 2001, <mask> entered as Vince McMahon's guest entrant in the Royal Rumble match. Although primarily known for his television work, <mask> has done limited film work, with his first appearance in 1993's Coneheads. His next film was the 2000 television film Geppetto, which debuted on The Wonderful World of Disney. The film, an adaptation of Pinocchio, included actor Wayne Brady, who had joined <mask> on his improv shows. <mask> took singing lessons to prepare for the role.In 2005, <mask> appeared in three films: the animated film Robots, where he provided a voice-over for the character Crank; The Aristocrats, where he retold a dirty joke along with other celebrities; and the documentary Fuck, where he was interviewed. <mask> provided the entertainment for the 2002 Annual White House correspondents' dinner. Once <mask> completed his stand-up routine for the 1,800 guests, President George W. Bush, noting <mask>'s improv work,

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 made a joke of his own: "<mask>? Got any interest in the Middle East?" In 2003, he joined Jamie Kennedy to host the WB's live special Play for a Billion. In September 2003, <mask> led a group of comedians, including Blake Clark and The <mask> Show's Kathy Kinney, on a comedy tour of Iraq. On June 8, 2006, <mask>'s Sporting Adventures debuted on the Travel Channel.In this series, <mask> traveled throughout Germany to photograph multiple FIFA World Cup soccer games while he immerses himself in the culture of the towns and states he visits. In early 2008, <mask> appeared in Matt Groening's The Simpsons as part of the episode "All About Lisa" as a guest on the Krusty the Clown Show. He also surfaced in the second season of Community, playing a well-liked former boss to Jeff Winger. On March 4, 2014, it was announced on Good Morning America that <mask> would compete on the season 18 of Dancing with the Stars. He was partnered with professional dancer Cheryl Burke. The couple was eliminated on the sixth week of competition, finishing in 8th place. <mask> has also been a longtime host on SiriusXM channel, Little Steven's Underground Garage (Ch.21) where for 10 years, he hosted a three-hour radio show called "<mask>'s Friday Night Dance Party" which aired the last Friday of every month. In August 2018, <mask> turned his monthly show into a weekly show called, "The Friday Night Freak Out" which airs every Friday from 8:00pm to 11:00pm ET on SiriusXM. In 2018, <mask> appeared in an episode of NCIS as a retired Marine. His character was a sergeant, the last rank he held in real life. Real pictures of him in dress blues and everyday garb were on the plasma screen in the squadroom. In 2020, <mask> appeared as a contestant on the third season of The Masked Singer as "Llama". He was the second to be eliminated.In 2021, <mask> participated in Celebrity Wheel of Fortune alongside Teri Hatcher and Chrissy Metz. He beat his fellow competitors in the first bonus round, but failed to solve the final puzzle. Writing
<mask> has routinely written throughout his career, including developing his stand-up comedy routines in his early stand-up career, and then moving on to assist in writing sitcoms. In 1997, <mask> published his autobiography, Dirty Jokes and Beer: Stories of the Unrefined, wherein he shared memories of his early childhood and of his father's death when he was eight. He also revealed that he was once molested, had suffered bouts of depression, and had made two suicide attempts by swallowing a large amount of sleeping pills. The book discusses his college fraternity years while attending Kent State University and his professional career up to that time. The book featured large amounts of profanity and, as the title suggests, includes multiple dirty jokes (there is one at the start of each chapter) and references to beer.The book was featured on The New York Times bestseller list for three months. Photography

<mask> can sometimes be seen on the sidelines of U.S. National Team soccer games as a press photographer. His images are sold via wire services under the pseudonym Brooks Parkenridge. He was at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in the summer of 2006, for his television show <mask>'s Sporting Adventures. Personal life
<mask> adopted his crew cut hairstyle while serving in the United States Marine Corps. <mask> underwent refractive surgery to correct his vision and, for a time, did not require glasses but continued to wear them in public for purposes of recognition and celebrity identity. However, while this was true for several years, on the May 17, 2006, episode of Jimmy Kimmel Live!he revealed that when he turned 40, he actually developed a need for bifocals. As of 2007, <mask> resides in Los Angeles and New York City. <mask> proposed to Nicole Jaracz in 2007 and is a father figure to Connor, her son from a previous relationship. The couple did not wed and called off their engagement in 2012. In January 2018, <mask> announced his engagement to sex therapist Amie Harwick. The pair ended their engagement later that year in November but remained close. On February 15, 2020, Harwick was found dead in a Hollywood Hills neighborhood and an ex-boyfriend of hers was later arrested on suspicion of her murder.<mask> is a Buddhist. Health
After suffering chest pains while filming The <mask> Show in August 2001, <mask> went to the hospital, where he underwent a coronary angioplasty. Although his weight was a comedic topic throughout his sitcom and improv shows, in 2010, he began a diet and exercise plan, resulting in an extensive weight loss. He also claimed that he had cured his Type 2 diabetes as a direct result. In 2020, he had cataract surgery. Political views
<mask> is an outspoken Libertarian. He has expressed his political philosophy in the following terms:

<mask> expressed his distaste for the Bush administration's management of the Iraq War, specifically on the September 14, 2007, episode of Real Time with Bill Maher.He made donations to Ron Paul's presidential campaign for the 2008 election. On the September 26, 2008, episode of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, <mask> defined "libertarian" to host Craig Ferguson as "a conservative who still gets high." In 2016, he supported Libertarian Party presidential candidate Gary Johnson in his run for office, and was made an Honorary Chair of the campaign for California. <mask> has spoken about his various political beliefs in several interviews, and in 1998, he led a "smoke-in" in defiance of California's newly passed no-smoking ordinance inside bars and restaurants. <mask> has hosted a series of mini-documentaries called The <mask> Carey Project on Reason.tv, an online project of Reason Foundation, a libertarian-oriented nonprofit think tank (for which <mask> sits as a member of the board of trustees). The first episode, "Gridlock", addresses private highway ownership and was released on October 15, 2007. Other episodes discuss topics such as eminent domain, urban traffic congestion, and medical marijuana.<mask> endorsed and donated money to Joe Biden in the 2020 United States Presidential Election. Earlier in the cycle, he had also donated to Tulsi Gabbard and Bill Weld. Sports involvement
<mask> is a devoted fan of the U.S. National Soccer Team, Cleveland Browns, Cleveland Cavaliers, Cleveland Guardians, and the Columbus Blue Jackets. In 1999, <mask> was part of the pregame ceremonies at the first game of the return of the Browns, televised on ESPN. <mask> attended the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany and the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. <mask> is a minority owner of the Seattle Sounders FC, who began play in Major League Soccer on March 19, 2009, and won two MLS Cups (2016, 2019). <mask> is a fan of FC Barcelona and of the Scottish team Rangers.In 2006, he was a season ticketholder for the Los Angeles Galaxy. <mask> has shown his support for the Cleveland  baseball team by throwing the first pitch at an August 12, 2006, game against the Kansas City Royals. He was rewarded by them for being "the greatest Indians fan alive" with a personal bobblehead doll made in his likeness that was given to fans. <mask> responded to his bobblehead likeness by saying "Bobblehead Day, for me, is as big as getting a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame." In 2001, <mask> was the first television actor to enter World Wrestling Federation's 30-man "Royal Rumble" match, which he did to promote an improv comedy pay-per-view at the time. He appeared in a few backstage segments before his brief participation in the match. Upon entering the ring, <mask> stood unopposed for more than half a minute, but after the next entrant, Kane, refused a monetary bribe, <mask> eliminated himself from the match by jumping over the top rope and retreating from ringside.On April 2, 2011, <mask> was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Kane. <mask> competed against five other celebrities in the first celebrity edition of the 2003 World Poker Tour. He placed fifth, beating out the only other actor Jack Black. <mask> won $2,000 for his charity. On May 15, 2011, <mask> completed the "Marine Corps Historic Half Marathon" in 1:57:02; then, on September 4, 2011, he improved to complete the Disneyland Half Marathon in 1:50:46. And on October 30, 2011, he finished the Marine Corps Marathon with a chip time of 4:37:11, placing 10,149th out of 20,940. Philanthropy
<mask> is a supporter of libraries, crediting them for beginning his successful comedy career.On May 2, 2000, in a celebrity edition of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, he selected the Ohio Library Foundation to receive his $500,000 winnings. He later went on to win an additional $32,000 on the second celebrity Millionaire, making him one of the biggest winning contestants on Millionaire who did not win the top prize. <mask> also has played on the World Poker Tour in the Hollywood Home games for the Cleveland Public Library charity. In June 2007, <mask> offered to donate up to $100,000 (in $10,000 increments) to the Mooch Myernick Memorial Fund if anybody could beat him at the video game FIFA Soccer 07 for the Xbox 360. He dared five players from both the U.S. Men's and Women's National Teams to compete against him. <mask> ended up donating $100,000, plus $60,000 for losing two games out of the six games he played. In October 2009, <mask> made a bid of $25,000 in a charity auction for the @drew Twitter account.He later increased his offer to $100,000 if the number of followers of his account @DrewFromTV reached 100,000 by the end of the auction. In an interview with CBS News, he said he would instead donate $1 million to the charity Livestrong Foundation if his follower count reached one million by December 31, 2009. Another of <mask>'s offers to contribute in helping others came in September 2014 when he promised $10,000 to help find the perpetrators of a faked "ice bucket challenge" involving an autistic 14-year-old Ohio boy who, instead of being doused in ice cubes and water, received a shower of feces, urine, tobacco spit, and cigarette butts. Shortly thereafter, celebrities Donnie Wahlberg, Jenny McCarthy and Montel Williams matched <mask>'s offer. Filmography
<mask> has starred in only a few television shows and films, but has made numerous guest-star appearances in a variety of sitcoms and comedy

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<mask> (born November 4, 1960) is an American comedian and actress who has starred in television comedy specials and has released comedy albums. In 2007 and 2008, <mask> won Primetime Emmy Awards for her reality show <mask>: My Life on the D-List. She has also appeared in supporting roles in films. <mask> was born in Oak Park, Illinois. In 1978, she moved to Los Angeles, where she studied drama at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute and became a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings. In the 1990s, <mask> began performing as a stand-up comedian and appeared as a guest star on television shows, including the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan (1996–2000). The Bravo reality show <mask>: My Life on the D-List (2005–2010) became a ratings hit for the network and earned her two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Reality Program.<mask> has released six comedy albums, all of which received Grammy Award nominations. Her first album For Your Consideration (2008) made her the first female comedian to debut at the top of the Billboard Top Comedy Albums chart. In 2009, she released her autobiography Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to <mask>. After being nominated for six years in a row for the Grammy for Best Comedy Album, she won the award in 2014. <mask> has recorded numerous standup comedy specials for HBO and Bravo. For the latter network, she has recorded sixteen television specials, breaking the Guinness World record for the number of aired television specials on any network. In 2011, she also became the first comedian to have four specials televised in a year.<mask> is an LGBTQ activist who supports same-sex marriage and the repeal of "Don't ask, don't tell". She has participated in two United Service Organizations (USO) tours. <mask> is known for her conversational style and statements about celebrities, religion and sexuality, including holding a mask stylized as Donald Trump's severed head in 2017, which provoked a United States Secret Service investigation and later became the basis of her concert film A Hell of a Story (2019). Early life
Kathleen Mary <mask> was born on November 4, 1960, in the Chicago suburb Oak Park, Illinois, to Mary Margaret "Maggie" <mask> ( Corbally, 1920 – 2020) and John Patrick <mask>, both of whom were first-generation Irish-Americans. <mask> has four older siblings; Kenny, Joyce (died 2017), Gary (died 2014), and John. <mask> described herself during her early years as "a kid who needed to talk, all the time". Her brother Gary and her sister Joyce both died from cancer.She would often visit her neighbors to tell them stories about her family; she has referred to those visits as her first live shows where she learned "the power of juicy material". After most of her siblings had moved, <mask> developed a binge eating disorder. In her 2009 autobiography Official Book Club Selection, <mask> said she "still suffers [from food issues]" but has learned to "deal with them". <mask>'s eldest brother Kenny was a drug addict and homeless at various times; she said she was "afraid of him until the moment he died" because of his violent, abusive nature. When <mask> was seven, Kenny—who was thirty—would climb into her bed and whisper into her ears; <mask> did not tell her parents until she was in her twenties, at which point he admitted his pedophilia to them. At elementary school, <mask> began to develop a dislike for organized religion because of the punishments she and other "vulnerable" students received from the nuns. At her high school, she sought refuge in musical theater, playing roles such as Rosemary in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying and Hodel in Fiddler on the Roof.During her senior year, she wanted to become a professional actor. Her first appearance on television was as an extra on a Chicago White Sox commercial, and she was signed with several Chicago talent agencies. At 18, <mask> persuaded her parents to move to Los Angeles to help her become famous. At 19, <mask> attended a performance by the improvisational group The Groundlings. She said, "I thought this is where I want to be. This is the greatest thing in the world." Career

Stand-up comedy, television and film

<mask> began performing in the early 1980s in the Los Angeles improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings.She went on to perform standup comedy and became part of the alternative comedy scene in Los Angeles. With Janeane Garofalo, she created a standup act called "Hot Cup of Talk", which became the title of her 1998 solo HBO special. <mask> earned a number of television and film credits during the 1990s. She appeared in Julie Brown's Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful, a Showtime parody of the 1991 Madonna film Truth or Dare. <mask> twice appeared as Susan Klein, a reporter on NBC's The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air; it was her television sitcom debut. On June 12, 2008, <mask> hosted the first Bravo! Canada A-List Awards, which included a parody of  the "wardrobe malfunction"  experienced by Janet Jackson in the Super Bowl halftime show in 2004.She also hosted the 2009 Bravo A-List Awards, which aired on April 15, 2009, and her Bravo special <mask>: She'll Cut a Bitch aired beforehand. Shout! Factory released an extended version of the show on DVD in early 2010. On September 8, 2009, Ballantine Books published <mask>'s memoir, titled Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to <mask>, which debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list. A week prior, she released her second comedy album Suckin' It for the Holidays; it was her second bid to win a Grammy Award. It was announced on November 3, 2009, that <mask> was to host ABC's new show Let's Dance, on which celebrity contestants would have re-enacted famous dance routines while competing for a $250,000 grand prize for their favorite charity. <mask> hosted CNN's New Year's Eve broadcast on December 31, 2009, along with Anderson Cooper.As Cooper talked about the Balloon boy hoax, <mask> said "fucking". Although <mask> was rumored to have been banned from future CNN broadcasts, she co-hosted the show with Cooper until 2017. In 2017, CNN terminated <mask> from its New Year's Eve Broadcast after <mask> showed pictures of herself holding a bloody, model decapitated head resembling President Donald Trump. <mask> has also guest-starred in a 2009 episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, playing a lesbian activist. Since the 2008 presidential election, <mask> has made frequent jokes about Republican vice-presidential contender Sarah Palin and her family. On US television program Glee, <mask> parodied Palin posing as a judge at a regional singing competition. <mask> also made fun of Christine O'Donnell in the show by stating, "Before we start, I would like to say I am not a witch".On January 7, 2012, it was announced that <mask> would host a weekly one-hour talk show on the channel Kathy, which would consist of standup routines, "rant about pop culture", and celebrity interviews. On April 8, 2013, during a live standup performance in Cincinnati, Ohio, <mask> announced that her show would not be renewed for a third season. She later confirmed it on her Twitter account. According to FOX 411, Bravo was planning to film several comedy specials starring <mask> after the show ended. On June 13, 2014, it was announced that <mask> would host the 41st Daytime Emmy Awards. For the first time in the event's four-decade history, the show bypassed a network television airing for a live online streaming media event. The ceremony took place on June 22, 2014.<mask>'s performance was well received by critics. Guest co-host of The View
<mask> served as a co-host of The View from May 2007 to September 2007, replacing the recently departed Rosie O'Donnell. According to <mask> she is banned from The View after talking about the show on her televised comedy special, <mask>: Straight to Hell. She declined to discuss the ban on Access Hollywood As of August 2009, <mask> had been un-banned from The View and was a guest on September 18, 2009, and June 15, 2010. In an interview on The Talk, <mask> stated she has been re-banned from The View due to an argument with its co-host Elisabeth Hasselbeck. Laugh Your Head Off World Tour 2017–2018
In August 2017, <mask> announced a worldwide comedy tour. The title "Laugh Your Head Off" was a reference to her depiction of an effigy of U.S. President Donald Trump's severed head.The tour visited major cities in Singapore, Australia, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and many more European, and Asian cities. Several shows sold out within minutes of going on sale, leading to <mask> adding several shows to the lineup. She continued with a North America leg of the tour, commencing May 23, 2018, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and including both Radio City Music Hall and Carnegie Hall in New York City. Controversies

Various talk shows bans
<mask> said she was banned from appearing on several television shows including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The View. She was re-banned from The View after making a joke about Barbara Walters. She says Ellens producers told her they cannot have her "trashing celebrities" but she appeared as a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on September 11, 2007. <mask> made a joke during a 2005 E!televised event saying eleven-year-old actor Dakota Fanning had entered drug rehabilitation. Emmy Awards controversy

The second season of My Life on the D-List, which premiered June 2006, earned <mask> the 2007 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Program, non-competition. She received it during the Creative Arts Emmy Awards, which was hosted by Carlos Mencia and aired on E! in September. <mask> said,

<mask> later said she meant this remark as a satire of celebrities who thank Jesus for their awards, especially artists who are controversial in their speech and actions, rather than as a slight on Jesus. The academy said her "offensive remarks will not be part of the E! telecast on Saturday night".<mask> said she was fired from an appearance on the Hannah Montana show because of her Emmy acceptance speech. Ban from Apollo Theater
In a July 2009 episode of My Life on the D-List, <mask> used profanity in an Octomom joke during her routine at New York's Apollo Theater. <mask> said she received a letter banning her from the venue. Depiction of Donald Trump
On May 30, 2017, <mask> posted a video of herself holding "a mask styled to look like the severed, bloody head" of U.S. President Donald Trump, which was posted on her Instagram and Twitter accounts. She wrote: "I caption this 'there was blood coming out of his eyes, blood coming out of his ... wherever'", referencing a comment Trump had made about Megyn Kelly. The video was from a session with photographer Tyler Shields, who is known for producing "shocking" imagery. <mask> later took down the image and apologized for posting the image, saying she went too far and adding, "I beg for your forgiveness".On June 2, 2017, an attorney for <mask>, Lisa Bloom, stated, "Like many edgy works of artistic expression, the photo could be interpreted

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 different ways. But <mask> never imagined that it could be misinterpreted as a threat of violence against Trump. That was never what she intended. She has never threatened or committed an act of violence against anyone." <mask> said the Trump family was "trying to ruin my life forever". In May 2017, <mask> was dropped by Squatty Potty as a spokesperson. CNN fired her from its New Year's Eve broadcast with Anderson Cooper.Cooper said, "For the record, I am appalled by the photo shoot <mask> took part in. It is clearly disgusting and completely inappropriate." All of <mask>'s remaining scheduled tour dates were canceled by their venues. During an interview on Australian television in August 2017, <mask> talked about the photo, saying, "Stop acting like my little picture is more important than talking about the actual atrocities that the president of the United States is committing". In November 2017, she appeared on Skavlan, where she said, "I take that apology back by the way. I take it back big time". <mask> said she had received a lot of bad advice at the time.On October 28, 2017, <mask> uploaded a YouTube video titled "<mask>: A Hell of a Story", which is about the backlash she received for the Trump photo controversy. It was the basis for her A Hell of a Story concert film. She said she was under a federal investigation by the Justice Department for two months and was on the No Fly List during that time. She also said she was put on the Interpol list, the Five Eyes list, and had been detained at every airport during her Laugh Your Head Off World Tour. On November 4, 2020 (her 60th birthday and the day after the 2020 United States presidential election), <mask> once again posted a photo of her posing with a model of Donald Trump's bloody, decapitated head. Style of humor

<mask> developed her love of popular culture through her immediate and extended family, who were frequently commenting about the latest news. She said; "I may have been into The Brady Bunch like every other kid, but I also wanted to watch John Lennon and Yoko Ono on The Dick Cavett Show, and every minute of the Watergate hearings.It was
fear of the dinner table that got me hooked." She has also named her mother Maggie as influential in her consumption of pop culture, calling her "the ideal audience for the Hollywood dish". <mask> named the character Rhoda Morgenstern of 1970s sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show as an influence. <mask> established her career with candid observations of everyday life and her dating experiences, later focusing on mocking celebrities; her act currently consists of embellished stories involving celebrities. <mask> hopes people understand that no malice is intended by her humor. "I'm genuinely a fan of most of the people I trash in the act", she said; "I really, really try and focus on making fun of people for their behavior. I'm not so into making fun of someone for the way they look, or something that's out of their control."<mask> is sometimes the object of her own humor, particularly with regard to her D-list status. She portrays herself as a Hollywood outsider and has a group of close celebrity friends such as Rosie O'Donnell, Joan Rivers, Jerry Seinfeld, Gloria Estefan, and Lance Bass. Her longtime friendship with Bass was the catalyst for a feud between <mask> and gossip blogger Perez Hilton. In 2007, <mask> commented on her aversion to making fun of celebrity friends; "There's nothing I won't do, but on the other hand I'm full of shit because that changes". <mask> and Hilton ended their feud after the death of <mask>'s father, and Hilton appeared on an episode of <mask>'s show in 2007. LGBT rights and political advocacy

<mask> is a supporter for LGBT rights, including same-sex marriage. She has protested with fellow proponents in West Hollywood, California, and included the footage from protests on her reality show <mask>: My Life on the D-List.Her mother is also a supporter of LGBT rights and is seen on the same show protesting alongside her daughter. Prior to the Proposition 8 ballot results, <mask> volunteered for the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center's "Vote for Equality" campaign, going door-to-door asking Los Angeles residents for their opinion of LGBT marriage rights. In March 2010, <mask> helped organize a rally in Washington, D.C., to advocate the repeal of "Don't ask, don't tell". She stated she organized the rally after meeting with several closeted gay people serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. <mask> held meetings with several Members of Congress to encourage its repeal; she also organized a rally in Freedom Plaza. <mask> caused controversy when she confronted Republican Congresswoman Michele Bachmann over her views on homosexuality at the 2010 Radio and Television Correspondents' Association Dinner; according to <mask>, she asked Bachmann "were you born a bigot or did you grow into it", a reference to Bachmann's belief homosexuality is strictly environmental. <mask> said Bachmann replied, "That's a good question, I'll have to think about that".Bachmann's office confirmed the exchange but said <mask> confronted Bachmann after Bachmann approached <mask> to compliment her appearance. <mask> is a long-time supporter of the Aid for AIDS annual fundraiser Best in Drag Show in Los Angeles, and hosted the opening of the show for more than five years. In November 2009, Aid For AIDS presented <mask> with an AFA Angel Award at their silver anniversary celebration. <mask> is a long-time critic of Sarah Palin and has made fun of Palin's daughter, Bristol Palin, using the Palin family as material for her comedy routines. In March 2011, Sarah Palin responded to <mask> by calling her a "bully". In her reality television show, <mask> visited the Palin family home in Wasilla, Alaska, and invited Palin to attend her stand-up show in Anchorage, Alaska. <mask> has also poked fun at Willow Palin as a result of Palin's Facebook statements on homosexuality.In 2020, <mask> hosted the Str8Up Gay Porn Awards. Personal life

<mask>  is an atheist. Speaking to Sacramento's Outword Magazine, <mask> said; " ...I think I'm getting more atheist because of the way the country is getting more into bible-thumping". She also describes herself as a "non-believer". In her book Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to <mask>, <mask> said that while in high school, she fell away from the Roman Catholic Church. She considered becoming a Unitarian but was not sure what that would involve. On March 9, 2008, <mask> became an ordained minister with the Universal Life Church.In a 2006 interview, <mask> said she does not drink alcohol. <mask> is an opponent of LASIK eye surgery, having had a series of operations that left her partially blind in one eye with a visible eyeball deformity. <mask>'s only sister, Joyce Patricia <mask>, died in September 2017, from an undisclosed form of cancer. <mask> had shaved her head in solidarity with her in late July. Her brother Gary died of esophageal cancer in 2014. Her estranged eldest brother, Kenny, died in the 2000s in their mother's arms. Her father, John Patrick <mask>, died of heart failure on February 17, 2007; he was 91 years old.The episode related to his death was aired on June 19, 2007. Her mother, <mask>, who was featured in her reality show, died on March 17, 2020. In a post on her social media accounts, <mask> stated, "I am gutted. My best friend. I am shaking. I won't ever be prepared. I'm so grateful you guys got to be part of her life.You knew her. You loved her. She knew it. Oh, and OF COURSE she went on St. Patrick's Day." She placed 17th on Oxygen's 2007 list of "The 50 Funniest Women Alive". In 2009, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to her. In August 2021, <mask> announced that she had been diagnosed with lung cancer and needed to have half of her left lung removed.She underwent surgery the same month. Marriage and relationships

<mask> and Matt Moline divorced in May 2006. On Larry King Live, <mask> accused her husband of stealing $72,000 from her; Moline did not respond to the allegation publicly but stated he was saddened by it. In July 2007, rumors that <mask> was dating Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak circulated. <mask> and Wozniak attended the 2007 Emmy Awards together. On Tom Green's House Tonight on February 6, 2008, <mask> confirmed her relationship with Wozniak. Wozniak and <mask> served as King and Queen of the Humane Society of Silicon Valley Fur Ball on April 5, 2008, in Santa Clara, California.In June 2008, it was confirmed that <mask> and Wozniak were no longer dating. On August 9, 2009, <mask> attended the Teen Choice Awards with Levi Johnston and subsequently interviewed him on Larry King Live. In the interview, <mask> and Johnston joked that they were in a serious relationship. On March 7, 2011, while appearing on The Howard Stern Show, <mask> announced she was romantically involved with actor and former NFL practice-squad player Isaiah Mustafa. Mustafa later stated he was single. In the same interview, she stated the previous July, she had ended a four-year relationship with a man she did not identify but said he is "a regular guy with a regular job", and that it was a "messy breakup". It was later revealed the man is <mask>'s tour manager, who had appeared on several seasons of My Life on the D List.From 2012 until November 2018, <mask> was in a relationship with marketing executive Randy Bick. They reconciled in April 2019. She resided in the Hollywood Hills from 2004 to 2016. She has resided in Bel Air since. <mask> married Bick at her home on January 1, 2020, in a ceremony officiated by comedian Lily Tomlin. Filmography

Other

Stand-up specials

 HBO Comedy Half-Hour (1996)
 <mask>: Hot Cup of Talk (1998)
 <mask>: The D-List (2004)
 <mask>: Allegedly (2004)
 <mask> Is...Not Nicole Kidman (2005)
 <mask>: Strong Black Woman (2006)
 <mask>: Everybody Can Suck It (2007)
 <mask>: Straight to Hell (2007)
 <mask>: She'll Cut a Bitch (2009)
 <mask>: Balls of Steel (2009)
 <mask>: Does the Bible Belt (2010)
 <mask>: Whores on Crutches (2010)
 <mask>: 50 and Not Pregnant (2011)
 <mask>: Gurrl Down! (2011)
 <mask>: Pants Off (2011)
 <mask>: Tired Hooker (2011)
 <mask>: Seaman 1st Class (2012)
 <mask>: Kennedie Center On-Hers (2013)
 <mask>: Calm Down Gurrl (2013)
 <mask>: Record Breaker (2013)
 <mask>: A Hell of a Story (2019)

Discography

On June 10, 2008, <mask> released a comedy CD titled For Your Consideration.The disc was recorded at the ETK Theatre at the Grand Theatre Center For The Arts in Tracy, California on February 17, 2008. <mask> stated she decided to release the CD to try to win a Grammy award. On August 25, 2009, <mask> released a second comedy album, Suckin' It for the Holidays, in another bid for a Grammy. <mask> received her third Grammy nomination for <mask>: Does the Bible Belt in 2010,. On May 4, 2012, the full length version of "I'll Say It", the theme song of her show <mask>, was released to iTunes as a single. On August 20, 2012, <mask> released a seven-track EP containing dance remixes of "I'll

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