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<mask> (born 1932) is a French-American political scientist who is known for his research on ethnic conflict and genocide in Rwanda, Burundi and Darfur. Publishing in both English and French, he is particularly known for his work on the concept of clientelism. He is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida, and continues to write, teach internationally and consult. Since retiring he has worked for USAID (Agency for International Development, Department of State) out of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire as a Regional Consultant for West Africa in Governance and Democracy, and as Democracy and Governance advisor to USAID / Ghana. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1932 in France. After doing undergraduate work in France, he went to the United States for doctoral studies in political science. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), specializing in studies of Central Africa.Career
<mask> joined the political science faculty of the University of Florida in late 1962. He became the first Director of the Center for African Studies at UF and served in that position until 1965. He worked at UF for his entire academic career. He has specialized in political issues in African nations, especially ethnic conflicts leading to warfare, and has published works in both French and English. In July 1971, while on a two-month research trip to Chad, Lemarchand was arrested and charged with visiting a restricted zone and failing to respond to a summons by the country's president. He was released at the end of August 1971. Lemarchand received a Fulbright award for June–September 1983 to lecture in political science at the University of Zimbabwe, Salisbury, Zimbabwe.He also received a Fulbright for July 1987–January 1988 for research in political science at the University of Chad, N'djamena, Chad and the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. Lemarchand has become an expert in ethnic populations and conflicts, such as that in Burundi, the Rwandan genocide in 1994, and Darfur. He is internationally known as an expert on the cycle of violence in Central Africa. He has taught as a visiting professor at universities in Europe, Africa and North America. Now professor emeritus of political science at the University of Florida, Lemarchand has worked as a consultant in governance for the USAID in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire and as governance and democracy adviser to USAID/Ghana. Works

Books
Political Awakening in the Belgian Congo (University of California Press, 1964)
'"Rwanda and Burundi"' (Praeger, 1970). Selective Genocide in Burundi (1974)
African Kingships in Perspective (1977)
African Policy in Southern Africa (1978)
Political Clientelism in Patronage and Development (1981)The World Bank in Rwanda (1982)Green and the Black: Qadhafi's Policies in Africa (1988)Burundi: Ethnocide as Discourse and Practice (1994),Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide (Woodrow Wilson Center Press/Cambridge University Press, 1996)The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009)Remembering Genocides in Central Africa.(Routledge, 2021)

Articles
2018. "Rwanda: The state of research" Mass Violence and Resistance online journal. 2007. "Rwanda: The state of research". Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence (4 November). pp. 1-25.2006. "Consociationalism and power sharing in Africa: Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo". African Affairs 106, No. 422: pp. 1–20. 2006. "The politics of memory in post-genocide Rwanda".Occasional Papers, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, University of Florida: pp. 25–54. 2005-2006. "The geopolitics of the Great Lakes crisis." L'Afrique des Grands Lacs. Annuaire 2005-2006. 2005."Bearing witness to mass murder." African Studies Review, Vol. 48, No. 3 (December), pp. 93–101. 2004. Myth-Making and the Rationality of Mass Murder: Rwanda, Bosnia and Cambodia in Comparative Perspective, Leeds African Studies Bulletin, 66 (2004), 31-43.2003. "Comparing the killing fields: Rwanda, Cambodia and Bosnia." In Jensen, Steven ed., Genocide: Cases, Comparisons, and Contemporary Debates. København; Sweden; The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 2003. "Where Hamites and Aryans cross paths: the role of myth-making in mass murder", Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 5, no.1, pp. 145–48. 2002. "Disconnecting the Threads: Rwanda and the Holocaust Reconsidered", Idea Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 29 March 2002. 2002."The fire in the Great Lakes." Peace Research Abstracts 39 (2): pp. 155–306. 2002. "Disconnecting the threads:  Rwanda and the Holocaust reconsidered." Journal of Genocide Research 4 (4): pp. 499–518.2002. "Le génocide de 1972 au Burundi: Les silences de l'histoire", Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, no. 167, XLII-3, pp. 551–567. 2000. "The crisis in the Great Lakes". In Harbeson & Rothchild, Africa in World Politics, Boulder, CO: Westview Press: pp.324–352. 2000. "Hate crimes." Transition 9, 1/2: pp. 114–132. 1999. "Ethnicity as myth: The view from the Central Africa".Occasional Paper, Centre of African Studies, University of Copenhagen, May 1999. 1999. "Genocide in Comparative Perspective: Rwanda, Cambodia, and Bosnia", unpublished manuscript. 1998. "Genocide in the Great Lakes: Which genocide? Whose genocide?" New Haven, Ct.: Yale Center for International and Area Studies, Mellon Sawyer Seminar Series; pp.1–13. 1997. "Eyewitness accounts; the Rwandan genocide." In Totten, Parson, and Charny, Century Of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts And Critical Views, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., pp. 408–423. 1997. "Patterns of state collapse and reconstruction in Central Africa: Reflections on the crisis in the Great Lakes Region".Afrika Spectrum, Vol. 32, No. 2: pp. 173–193; also in African Studies Quarterly online at . 1995. "Rwanda: the rationality of genocide". Issue: A Journal of Opinion, 23, No.2: pp. 8–11. 1994. "Managing transition anarchies: Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa in comparative perspective". The Journal of Modern African Studies 32 (4): pp. 581–604. 1994."The apocalypse in Rwanda. Ethnic conflict: the new world order". Cultural Survival Quarterly 18, 2 (Summer): pp. 29–33. 1992. "Africa's troubled transitions". Journal of Democracy 3, No.4 (October 1992): pp. 98–109. 1992. "Uncivil states and civil societies: How illusion became reality". Journal of Modern African Studies 30, No. 2: pp. 177–191.1992. "African transitions to democracy: an interim (and mostly pessimistic) assessment". African Insight 22; pp. 178–85. 1992. "Burundi: The Politics of Ethnic Amnesia", in Helen Fein ed., Genocide Watch, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 70–86.1991. The <mask>d Collection at the University of Florida: Box 1: Rwanda Documents, 1930 [bulk 1950 – 1991. 57 Folders. 1990. "Lécole historique burundo-française: Une école pas comme les aures". Canadian Journal of African Studies, 24 2, pp. 235–48.1983. "The state and society in Africa: Ethnic stratification and restratification in historical and comparative perspective". in Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola, eds, State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, Boulder, Colorado (1983): pp. 44–66. 1980-81 "Rwanda: Recent history". In Africa South of the Sahara, 1980-81. London: Europa Publications.1976. "The C.I.A. in Africa: How Central? How Intelligent?" The Journal of Modern African Studies, Volume 14, Issue 03, Sept, pp. 401–426. 1975."Ethnic genocide". Excerpts from Selective Genocide in Burundi, Report No. 20, Minority Rights Group, London, 1974. Issue 5, No. 21, Summer: pp. 9–16. 1975."Rwanda: Recent history". In Africa South of the Sahara, 1974. London: Europa Publications. 1974. "The military in former Belgian Africa". In Kelleher Ed., Political Military Systems: Comparative Perspectives. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.1973. "African Power Through the Looking Glass". The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 11, No. 2 (June), pp. 305–314. 1972."Political clientelism and ethnicity in tropical Africa: Competing solidarities in nation-building". The American Political Science Review 66, no. 1 (March): pp. 68–90. 1970. "The coup in Rwanda". in Protest and Power in Black Africa, ed.Rothberg, R. I., and Mazrui, Oxford, p. 891. 1968. "Revolutionary phenomena in stratified societies; Rwanda and Zanzibar". Civilisations 18, No. 1: pp. 16–51. 1968."Les relations de clientèle comme agent de contestation: le cas du Rwanda". Civilisations 18, No. 4:  pp. 553–578. 1967. "The passing of Mwamiship in Burundi". Africa Report (January): pp.15–24. 1966. "Power and stratification in Rwanda; A reconsideration". Cahiers d'Études africaines 6, No. 24: pp. 592–610. Also available at www.persee.fr.1966. "Political instability in Africa, the case of Rwanda and Burundi." Civilisations 16 (3): pp. 307–37. 1962. "L'influence des systèmes traditionnels sur l'évolution du Rwanda et du Burundi." Revue de l'Institut de Sociologie de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles: pp.2–24. Legacy and honors
1971, Melville J. Herskovits Award for Rwanda and Burundi, African Studies Association
 The <mask>d Collection of African Political Papers at the University of Florida, featuring materials on Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire, Chad, Gabon, and Libya, mostly in French, with emphasis on the period of the 1950s through independence, and increasing democratization in the 1980s and 1990s. References

External links
"Lemarchand Collection of African Political Papers", University of Florida

1932 births
French political scientists
Living people
University of Florida faculty
French male non-fiction writers
French Africanists
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Historians of Africa
Prisoners and detainees of Chad
French emigrants to the United States
Historians of Rwanda
Historians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Historians of Burundi

masks:
René Lemarchand
René Lemarchand
Lemarchand
René Lemarchan
René Lechan


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<mask> (; May 27, 1836 – December 2, 1892) was an American railroad magnate and financial speculator who is generally identified as one of the Robber barons of the Gilded Age. His sharp and often unscrupulous business practices made him one of the wealthiest men of the late nineteenth century. <mask> was an unpopular figure during his life and remains controversial. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Roxbury, New York, to Mary More (1798–1841) and <mask> (1792–1866). His maternal grandfather Alexander T. More was a businessman, and his great-grandfather John More was a Scottish immigrant who founded the town of Moresville, New York. <mask> studied at the Hobart Academy in Hobart, New York, paying his way by bookkeeping. As a young boy, he decided that he wanted nothing to do with farming, his father's occupation, so his father dropped him off at a nearby school with fifty cents and a sack of clothes.Early career

<mask>'s school principal was credited with getting him a job as a bookkeeper for a blacksmith. A year later, the blacksmith offered him half interest in the blacksmith shop, which he sold to his father during the early part of 1854. <mask> devoted himself to private study, emphasizing surveying and mathematics. In 1854, he surveyed and created maps of the Ulster County, New York, area. In 1856, he published History of Delaware County, and Border Wars of New York, which he had spent several years writing. While engaged in surveying he started a side activity financing operators making woodash for tannin used in tanning leather. In 1856, <mask> entered a partnership with Zadock Pratt to create a tanning business in Pennsylvania in an area that was later named Gouldsboro.He eventually bought out Pratt, who retired. In 1856, <mask> entered a partnership with Charles Mortimer Leupp, a son-in-law of Gideon Lee and one of the leading leather merchants in the United States. The  partnership was successful, until the Panic of 1857. Leupp lost all his money in that financial crisis, but <mask> took advantage of the depreciation in property value and bought up former partnership properties. <mask> also started an ice harvesting industry on the large Gouldsboro lake. In the winter ice was harvested and stored in large ice houses at the side of the lake. He had a railroad line installed next to the lake and he supplied New York City with ice during the summer months.The Gouldsboro Tannery became a disputed property after Leupp's death. Leupp's brother-in-law David W. Lee was also a partner in Leupp and <mask>, and he took armed control of the tannery. He believed that <mask> had cheated the Leupp and Lee families in the collapse of the business. <mask> eventually took physical possession, but he was later forced to sell his shares in the company to Lee's brother. Railroad investing
In 1859, <mask> began speculative investing by buying stock in small railways. His father-in-law Daniel S. Miller introduced him to the railroad industry by suggesting that <mask> help him save his investment in the Rutland and Washington Railroad in the Panic of 1857. <mask> purchased stock for 10 cents on the dollar, which left him in control of the company.He engaged in more speculation on railroad stocks in New York City throughout the Civil War, and he was appointed manager of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad in 1863. The Erie Railroad encountered financial troubles in the 1850s, despite receiving loans from financiers Cornelius Vanderbilt and Daniel Drew. It entered receivership in 1859 and was reorganized as the Erie Railway. <mask>, Drew, and James Fisk engaged in stock manipulations known as the Erie War, and Drew, Fisk, and Vanderbilt lost control of the Erie in the summer of 1868, while <mask> became its president. It was during the same period that <mask> and Fisk became involved with Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that largely ran New York City at the time. They made its boss, William M. Tweed, a director of the Erie Railroad, and Tweed arranged favorable legislation. Tweed and <mask> became the subjects of political cartoons by Thomas Nast in 1869.<mask> was the chief bondsman in October 1871 when Tweed was held on $1 million bail. Tweed was eventually convicted of corruption and died in jail. Black Friday

In August 1869, <mask> and Fisk began to buy gold in an attempt to corner the market, hoping that the increase in the price of gold would increase the price of wheat and motivate western farmers to sell. This, in turn, would cause a great amount of shipping eastward, increasing freight business for the Erie Railroad. During this time, <mask> used contacts with President Ulysses S. Grant's brother-in-law Abel Corbin to influence the president and his Secretary General Horace Porter. These speculations culminated in the panic of Black Friday on September 24, 1869, when the greenback (cash) premium over face value fell on a gold double eagle from 62 percent to 35 percent. <mask> made a small profit from this operation by hedging against his own attempted corner as it was about to collapse, but he lost it in subsequent lawsuits.The gold corner established <mask>'s reputation in the press as an all-powerful figure who could drive the market up and down at will. Lord Gordon-Gordon
In 1873, <mask> attempted to take control of the Erie Railroad by recruiting foreign investments from Lord Gordon-Gordon, supposedly a cousin of the wealthy Campbell clan who was buying land for immigrants. He bribed Gordon-Gordon with a million dollars in stock, but Gordon-Gordon was an impostor and cashed the stock immediately. <mask> sued him, and the case went to trial in March 1873. In court, Gordon-Gordon gave the names of the Europeans whom he claimed to represent, and he was granted bail while the references were checked. He immediately fled to Canada, where he convinced authorities that the charges were false. Having failed to convince Canadian authorities to hand over Gordon-Gordon, <mask> attempted to kidnap Gordon-Gordon with the help of his associates and future members of Congress Loren Fletcher, John Gilfillan, and Eugene McLanahan Wilson.The group captured him successfully, but they were stopped and arrested by the North-West Mounted Police before they could return to the US. Canadian authorities put them in prison and refused them bail, and this led to an international incident between the United States and Canada. Governor Horace Austin of Minnesota demanded their return when he learned that they had been denied bail, and he put the local militia on full readiness, and thousands of Minnesotans volunteered for an invasion of Canada. After negotiations, the Canadian authorities released them on bail. Gordon-Gordon was eventually ordered to be deported but committed suicide before the order could be carried out. Western railroads

After being forced out of the Erie Railroad, <mask> started to build up a system of railroads in the midwest and west. He took control of the Union Pacific in 1873 when its stock was depressed by the Panic of 1873, and he built a viable railroad that depended on shipments from farmers and ranchers.He immersed himself in every operational and financial detail of the Union Pacific system, building an encyclopedic knowledge and acting decisively to shape its destiny. Biographer Maury Klein states that "he revised its financial structure, waged its competitive struggles, captained its political battles, revamped its administration, formulated its rate policies, and promoted the development of resources along its lines." By 1879, <mask> gained control of three more important western railroads, including the Missouri Pacific Railroad. He controlled 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of railway, about one-ninth of the rail in the United States at that time, and he had controlling interest in 15 percent of the country's railway tracks by 1882. The railroads were making profits and set their own rates, and his wealth increased dramatically. He withdrew from management of the Union Pacific in 1883 amid political controversy over its debts to the federal government, but he realized a large profit for himself. He obtained a controlling interest in the Western Union telegraph company and in the elevated railways in New York City after 1881.In 1889, he organized the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis which acquired a bottleneck in east–west railroad traffic at St. Louis, but the government brought an antitrust suit to eliminate the bottleneck control after <mask> died. Personal life
<mask> was a member of West Presbyterian Church at 31 West 42nd Street. It later merged with Park Presbyterian to form West-Park Presbyterian. He married Helen Day Miller (1838–1889) in 1863 and had six children. <mask> died of tuberculosis, then referred to as "consumption," on December 2, 1892, and was interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx, New York. His fortune was conservatively estimated for tax purposes at $72 million (equivalent to $ in ), which he willed in its entirety to his family. At the time of his death, <mask> was a benefactor in the reconstruction of the Reformed Church of Roxbury, New York, now known as the Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church.It is located within the Main Street Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The family mausoleum was designed by Francis O'Hara. Descendants
<mask> married Helen Day Miller (1838–1889) in 1863; they had:

 <mask> <mask> (1864–1923), married Edith M. Kingdon (1864–1921)
 Kingdon <mask>. (1887–1945), married Annunziata Camilla Maria Lucci (1890–1961)
 <mask> II (1888–1935), married Anne Douglass Graham
 <mask> (1891–1955), married Anthony Joseph Drexel II
 Helen, Lady Decies (1893–1931), married John Graham Hope DeLaPoer Horsley Beresford (1866–1945)
 <mask> <mask> (1896–1963), married Laura Carter
 Edith Catherine <mask> (1901–1937), married Carroll Livingston Wainwright I (1899–1967), then Sir Hector Murray MacNeal
 <mask> (1906–1943), married Henry A. Bishop II, then Walter McFarlane Barker
 <mask> I (1866–1933), married Sarah Cantine Shrady
 <mask> Jr. (1894–1917), died on Jekyl Island in 1917
 Frank Miller <mask> (c. 1895–1945), married Florence Amelia Bacon, died on January 13, 1945
 <mask> (1868–1938), married Finlay Johnson Shepard (1867–1942) They adopted three children. <mask> (1871–1959), married Viola Katherine Clemmons on October 12, 1898, then actress Grete Mosheim in 1937
 Anna, Duchess de Talleyrand-Périgord (1875–1961), married Paul Ernest Boniface, Comte de Castellane (1867–1932), then Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, 5th Duke of Talleyrand, 5th Duc of Dino, 4th Duke von Sagan, and Prince of Sagan (1858–1937). Children with Boniface:
 Marie Louise Boniface de Castellane (1896–? ), died during infancy or early childhood
 Antoine Boniface, Marquis de Castellane (1896–1946), married Yvonne Patenôtre
 Georges Paul Ernest Boniface de Castellane (1897 or 1899–1944), married Florinda Fernández y Anchorena (1901–?) Georges Gustave Boniface de Castellane (c. 1898 – 1946)
 Jay Boniface de Castellane (1902–1956)
 Children with Talleyrand:
 Howard de Talleyrand, duc de Sagan (1909–1929), he took his own life when told that he could not marry
 Helen Violette de Talleyrand-Périgord (1915–2003), married James Robert de Pourtales on March 29, 1937, then Gaston Palewski (1901–1984)
 Frank Jay Gould (1877–1956), married Helen Kelley; then Edith Kelly; then Florence La Caze (1895–1983)

In popular culture

 G. J.A. O'Toole's 1979 historical fiction novel The Cosgrove Report fancifully suggests that <mask> was behind the assassination of Abraham Lincoln ()

Arthur Train's historical novel about the Tweed Ring Tassels On Her Boots(1940), has <mask> as a main character. It goes into great detail about the 1869 Black Friday gold scandal and the role of <mask> in it. See also
 Allegheny Transportation Company
 Gouldsboro, Pennsylvania
 Lyndhurst, his country estate on the Hudson River
 Paragould, Arkansas

Citations

General bibliography

Further reading
 Newspaper articles
 Death of <mask> in the Brooklyn Eagle

 Books

 Klein, Maury. "<mask>: A Revisionist Interpretation". Business and Economic History 2d ser., 15 (1986): 55–68. . External links

 Excerpts from <mask>'s New York Times obituary
 Obituary by the Iowa City Daily Citizen

 History of Delaware County and Border Wars of New York

1836 births
1892 deaths
American Calvinist and Reformed Christians
American cartographers
American financiers
19th-century American railroad executives
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
Burials in the Jay Gould Mausoleum
American people of Scottish descent
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
<mask>
People from Roxbury, New York
Union Pacific Railroad people
Tuberculosis deaths in New York (state)
American Presbyterians
Western Union people
Gilded Age

masks:
Jason Gould
Gould
Gould
John Burr Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
George Jay
Gould I
Gould Sr
Jay Gould
Marjorie Gould
George Jay
Gould II
Gould
Gloria Gould
Edwin Gould
Edwin Gould
Gould
Helen Gould
Howard Gould
Gould
Gould
Gould
Jay Gould
Jay Gould
Gould
Jay Gould


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<mask> (born October 9, 1983) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Tampa Bay Rays, Minnesota Twins, New York Mets, Philadelphia Phillies, Baltimore Orioles, Colorado Rockies, and Oakland Athletics. Baseball career

Tampa Bay Rays
Pridie was drafted out of Prescott High School, where he hit a record-setting 13 triples, by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the second round (43rd overall) of the 2002 Major League Baseball Draft. After signing with the Devil Rays, <mask> was assigned to play with the Rookie League Princeton Devil Rays. In 67 games, he batted .368 with 7 home runs. Pridie was promoted on August 28, , to the Hudson Valley Renegades, the Devil Rays' Single-A team. He finished the season there and batted .344 with 1 home run in 8 games.Baseball America named Pridie to the Rookie League All-Star team and also rated him as the best hitter and the best tools player in the Devil Rays' organization. In  and , <mask> played the entire two seasons with the Single-A Charleston RiverDogs. Playing in 128 games during both seasons, Pridie hit .260 with seven home runs in 2003 and .276 with 17 home runs in 2004. Pridie was also rated by Baseball America as the best defensive outfielder in the Rays' organization. In , he began the season with the Single-A Visalia Oaks. He played just one game before being on the disabled list for three and a half months from April 9 to July 26. Immediately upon being activated from the disabled list, he was promoted to the Double-A Montgomery Biscuits.He finished the season for the Biscuits and played in 28 games for them, batting .213 with 3 home runs. On December 8, , the Minnesota Twins selected Pridie in the Rule 5 Draft. Without enough roster room for Pridie, the Twins sent him back to the Rays on March 29, . In the  season, Pridie played in 132 games and batted .230 with 5 home runs with the Biscuits. He also began the  season in Double-A, playing in 71 games and batted .290 with 4 home runs. After Dustan Mohr's promotion to the Devil Rays on June 27, Pridie was sent to the Triple-A Durham Bulls to take his roster spot. He finished the season with the Bulls, posting a .318 batting average with 10 home runs.While in Durham, Pridie was the focal point of an unofficial Bulls fanclub named "Pridie's Pack." Minnesota Twins
On November 20, 2007, the Rays purchased Pridie's contract, protecting him from the Rule 5 draft. Eight days later, the Rays traded Pridie along with Delmon Young and Brendan Harris to the Minnesota Twins for Matt Garza, <mask>, and Eduardo Morlan. Pridie began the  season with the Twins' Triple-A Rochester Red Wings. On July 12, he hit a go-ahead grand slam in the top of the ninth, and another go- ahead solo home run in the top of the 13th inning to give the Red Wings a 9–8 win at Durham. He received a September call-up, and made his major league debut on September 3 against the Toronto Blue Jays as a pinch runner for Delmon Young, and scored on a Joe Mauer double. He remained in the game in right field, and committed a game-tying error with two outs in the ninth inning, allowing the game (eventually won by the Jays) to go into extra innings.He remained with the club for the rest of the season, but did not have a hit in six plate appearances. Pridie batted .265 with nine home runs and 53 RBIs for the Red Wings in . His only major league appearance in 2009 was as a pinch runner against the Houston Astros on June 20. New York Mets
On February 9, , Pridie was claimed off waivers by the New York Mets. The Mets purchased his contract on April 22, , when starting center fielder Angel Pagan was placed on the 15-day Disabled List. On April 23, <mask> collected his first major league hit off Diamondbacks pitcher Barry Enright. The very next day, he hit a 3-run home run, the first of his career, off Armando Gallaraga.He hit .241 for the Mets with 4 home runs in 101 games. After the season, he was out-righted to Triple-A Buffalo, but elected free agency. Oakland Athletics
The Oakland Athletics signed <mask> to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training on November 15. On March 9, , <mask> was suspended for 50 games for violating the minor league drug-testing policy. He was granted free agency on June 4. Philadelphia Phillies
On June 15, the Philadelphia Phillies signed <mask> to a minor league contract, and assigned him to the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs. After batting .370 in 13 games with Lehigh Valley, <mask> was called up to Philadelphia to fill the roster spot vacated by Jim Thome on June 30.He hit his first home run with the Phillies on July 8 against the Atlanta Braves. Pridie was designated for assignment by the Phillies on July 22. On October 6, he elected free agency. Baltimore Orioles
In October 2012, <mask> signed a Minor League deal with the Baltimore Orioles for the 2013 season. The Orioles purchased <mask>'s contract from the Triple-A Norfolk Tides on September 25 when Manny Machado was placed on the 60-day disabled list. After the season, <mask> was non-tendered by Baltimore, becoming a free agent. Colorado Rockies
Pridie signed a minor league deal with the Colorado Rockies in December 2013.He was designated for assignment on August 6, 2014. Pridie elected free agency on October 12, 2014. Oakland Athletics

Pridie signed a minor league deal with the Oakland Athletics on January 10, 2015. He played the majority of the 2015 season with the Triple-A Nashville Sounds, but played six games for Oakland after being called up to the major league club on September 1. He was released after the season. Arizona Diamondbacks
Pridie signed a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks on December 9, 2016. He was released on March 29, 2017.Pericos de Puebla
On May 7, 2017, <mask> signed with the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on May 15. References

External links

1983 births
Living people
People from Prescott, Arizona
Baseball players from Phoenix, Arizona
Major League Baseball outfielders
Minnesota Twins players
New York Mets players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Baltimore Orioles players
Colorado Rockies players
Oakland Athletics players
Princeton Devil Rays players
Hudson Valley Renegades players
Charleston RiverDogs players
Visalia Oaks players
Montgomery Biscuits players
Durham Bulls players
Rochester Red Wings players
Gulf Coast Mets players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Norfolk Tides players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Nashville Sounds players
Hiroshima Toyo Carp players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Pericos de Puebla players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico

masks:
Jason Orville Pridie
Pridie
Pridie
Jason Bartlett
Pridie
Pridie
Pridie
Pridie
Pridie
Pridie
Pridie
Pridie
Pridie


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<mask> (born 13 November 1949) is an English rock vocalist and guitarist. He has performed with high-profile musicians, as a supporting act, session musician, and sideman. Biography

<mask> was born in Paxton Park Maternity Home, Little Paxton, St Neots, Huntingdonshire, England. He lived in the village of Bluntisham and attended St Ivo School, St Ives. After leaving school at the age of 15 <mask> joined Peter Jay's Jaywalkers after being spotted by the band's drummer, Peter Jay. At the time, <mask> was playing for a local band, The Redbeats, who regularly played at the River Club in St Ives. His public profile was enhanced in 1966 when The Jaywalkers were named as a support act for The Rolling Stones for their 23-show Tour of Britain in September and October 1966.At the concert at the Royal Albert Hall, Graham Nash of The Hollies became friends with <mask> and suggested The Jaywalkers sign up with UK Columbia Records—an EMI label—to record with producer John Burgess. Their first single, the soul-inspired "The Hand Don't Fit the Glove" was a minor hit in 1967, but by then The Jaywalkers had decided to disband. <mask> came to the attention of producer Mickie Most, who became his manager and who was in partnership with Peter Grant at the time. His first single with Most, "Better By Far", became a radio favourite, but the album, Bang Bang, You're <mask>, was not a commercial success. With accompanying musicians Peter Solley on organ and Keith Webb on drums, a 1968 tour of the United States with Cream did much to gain <mask> a loyal following. His final performance of the tour at the Miami Pop Festival garnered positive reviews from the music press. The song "Without Expression", from Bang Bang, You're <mask>, written by <mask> at age 14, was recorded by The Hollies in 1968 as "A Man With No Expression", by Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young in 1969 as "Horses Through a Rainstorm", by REO Speedwagon in 1973 as "Without Expression (Don't Be the Man)", and by John Mellencamp on his greatest hits album The Best That I Could Do: 1978–1988, again with the parenthetical "Don't Be the Man", with Nash singing lead on the first two."Horses Through a Rainstorm" was slated to appear on Déjà Vu before being replaced at the last minute by Stephen Stills's "Carry On". Both versions were not released until years later. Yardbirds guitarist Jimmy Page, managed by Peter Grant, became interested in <mask>'s work, and when The Yardbirds disbanded, Page wanted <mask> to fill the vocalist spot for his proposed new group, the New Yardbirds, which was to become Led Zeppelin. <mask> had already committed to go on the road for two tours with The Rolling Stones and another with Cream (as an opening act on the 1968 US Tour). <mask> suggested to Page that if he were compensated for the gig fees he would lose and if Page would call Keith Richards to explain why <mask> had to pull out of the US tours, <mask> would try some things out with Page. It never happened and <mask> told Page to consider a young Birmingham-based singer, Robert Plant, instead, having previously seen Plant's Band of Joy as a support act at one of his concerts. <mask> also suggested Page check out their drummer John Bonham.<mask> also rejected an offer from Ritchie Blackmore to replace the departing Rod Evans in Deep Purple. In 1969, <mask> supported British tours, notably Jethro Tull and Fleetwood Mac. <mask>, Solley and Webb toured the United States again when he opened for The Rolling Stones on their 1969 American Tour. He did not appear at the infamous Rolling Stones concert at Altamont Music Festival. In his May 2016 interview with Marc Maron, he discussed other groups and people he toured with including Jimi Hendrix. 1970s–present
In December 1969, <mask> had a falling out with producer Mickie Most, who wanted <mask> to become a balladeer and strictly follow Most's own formula. Before this, <mask> had toured extensively in major venues in the US including two tours with the Rolling Stones and another with Cream.(He has also played at the wedding of Mick Jagger to Bianca in St. Tropez.) Unable to record or release his music, <mask> concentrated on live work, mostly in the US whilst awaiting the outcome of litigation with Most, making only sporadic UK performances during that period. In 1970, he returned briefly to England to perform at the Isle of Wight Festival with bass player Lee Miles ,ex-Ike & Tina Turner's band whom <mask> met when touring the US with the Stones, David Lindley and Tim Davis. During this period he also performed at the Atlanta II Pop Festival and was filmed performing at 'Glastonbury Fayre' in 1971. In 1971, <mask> was signed by Ahmet Ertegun to Atlantic Records with his band of David Lindley, Lee Miles and Alan White; they began recording in the UK and later switched to the US. White left to join Yes and Lindley left to tour with Jackson Browne.However, Lee Miles remained and was <mask>'s trusty sidekick for many years to come. Other musicians on the album, titled River, included Conrad Isodore on drums and Willie Bobo on percussion. Produced by <mask>, engineered by Tom Dowd, and mixed by Eddie Offord this third album was released in 1973 and received favourable reviews, but failed commercially. The remainder of the material from those extensive sessions was released in 2016 as The Other Side of The River. Over the next decade, <mask> switched to different labels in search of a winning formula. Seed of Memory was released by ABC Records in 1976, and produced by Graham Nash (ABC filed for bankruptcy the week the album was released), and Rogue Waves was produced by Chris Kimsey for Capitol Records in 1979. <mask> retired his solo career in 1981 to concentrate on session work, appearing on albums by Don Henley, Jackson Browne and Bonnie Raitt.In 1991, <mask> returned with producer Trevor Horn for the WEA album The Driver. The album featured a cover version "Gimme Some Lovin'" which also appeared on the soundtrack for the Tom Cruise movie Days of Thunder by Tony Scott. In the 1990s, he also toured the US and Hong Kong with Mick Taylor. "Rich Kid Blues" was the eponymous song on an album released by Marianne Faithfull, produced by Mike Leander in 1984 but unreleased for 14 years. <mask> and friends put together an informal group in March 1993, calling themselves The Flew. Members included <mask>, Joe Walsh, Nicky Hopkins, Rick Rosas, and Phil Jones. They played one show at The Coach House in San Juan Capistrano.This was Nicky Hopkins' last public performance before his passing. In late 2002, <mask> returned to the UK with longtime bass player Lee Miles for three shows at the [WOMAD] festival near Reading, his first live appearance in years. In 2005 he returned for a UK tour with London shows at The 100 Club and Ronnie Scott's. One venue billed him as 'The Man with a Hell of a Story To Tell'. This began a run of regular visits by <mask>, who has toured the UK every year since. For appearances at festivals and his London shows, <mask> uses a full band and venues have included The Jazz Cafe, The Borderline, The 100 Club, Dingwalls, The Half Moon and notably an invite to return to Ronnie Scott's in 2009 for a week long residency as part of their 50th anniversary (one of only 6 non-jazz acts to do so). This became <mask>'s favourite venue and he had residencies there for several years after.In 2012, his album Live in London, featured an entire set from one of these gigs at Ronnies, and was released with no remixes or overdubs. <mask>'s UK band regularly attracts the best UK session players (Ash Soan - drums, BJ Cole - pedal steel, Dzal Martin -guitar, Mark Smith - bass, David Tench - piano). Between 2002 and 2012, <mask> appeared at the Glastonbury Festival several times and many other festivals: The Isle of Wight, The Secret Garden (twice), The Rhythm Festival (twice),  and All Tomorrows Parties. Also during this period, EMI produced the Superlungs box set of his first two albums and all his sessions for them recorded between 1966 and 1970. Also Seed of Memory and River became available on CD and a new live album, Alive was released by Sanctuary Records, having previously been available from <mask> himself, who made 200 copies to sell at WOMAD 2002. Around this time <mask> began a residency at The Joint in Los Angeles, this became "Big Monday' and ran for four years, with many of his friends dropping by when they were in town including Robert Plant, Keith Richards, Bobby Womack, Roger Daltrey, and Eric Burdon. His song "Dean" from the River album was used in the feature film The Criminal produced 1999 and released in 2001.<mask> became good friends with the film's producer Chris Johnson who also become <mask>'s business advisor and persuaded <mask> to return live work in the US in early 2000's and arranging UK tours, recruiting players for his band, arranging collaborations with other artists, organising back catalogue releases, licensing his songs for films and even an acting role. In 2003 Johnson placed three of <mask>'s songs, "Seed of Memory", "To Be Treated Rite", and "Brave Awakening" in the movie The Devil's Rejects directed by Rob Zombie. Also his song "Faith To Arise" was in the 2003 film Wonderland and in the 2017 film Win It All. In 2009, his song 'Be Yourself", which he wrote for Graham Nash's Songs For Beginners, appeared in the Jason Reitman film Up in the Air (2009). In the 2005 Bill Paxton movie The Greatest Game Ever Played, <mask> played a golf caddy. In July/August 2007, <mask> returned for another six-week UK tour being backed by The Cosmic American Derelicts, a band out of northern New Jersey and southern New York, and their guitar player Eddie Rainey became a member of <mask>'s band for three or so years. On 26 June 2009, <mask> appeared with Rainey at Great Yarmouth club, The Residence, where <mask> was reunited with Peter Jay for the first time in over 15 years.<mask> is popular with newer artists as a collaborator; the pairing of Shine (a French trip-hop act) and <mask> led to him spending a week in Paris to record several tracks as guest vocalist. They played a one-off at the Pigalle Club in London on 26 August 2009. Shine featuring <mask> was released as an EP in November 2009. <mask> was in San Francisco lending his voice to the track "Listen" by DJ Shadow as one of a few bonus tracks added to his best of album. Another collaboration has yet to see the light of day: "All God's Children Need Dancing Shoes" with Alabama 3 after they shared a stage at the Rhythm Festival. <mask> is acknowledged by Robert Plant as the outstanding voice of his generation and an influence on Led Zeppelin's early material and is credited by Jimmy Page for connecting him to Robert Plant. <mask>'s early song "Rich Kid Blues" was covered on an album by Marianne Faithfull in 1984.The UK artist Rumer recorded "Brave Awakening" on her Boys Don't Cry 2012 album and appeared at his London shows at the Jazz Cafe and Half Moon. Cheap Trick recorded <mask>'s "Speak Now" for their 1977 debut album. The Raconteurs with Jack White also recorded a version of <mask>'s "Rich Kid Blues" for their second album Consolers of the Lonely in 2008. The American rock group The Split Squad recorded a cover of <mask>'s "Tinker Taylor" for their debut album, Now Hear This..., released in 2014. Joe Perry's album Sweetzerland Manifesto, released in 2018, features three tracks co-written and sung by <mask>. In 2020, a recording of Chris Cornell covering <mask>'s "To Be Treated Rite" was released on his posthumous album No One Sings Like You Anymore, Vol. 1.Discography

Studio albums
Bang, Bang You're <mask> (1968)
<mask> (1969) (US title: Move Over for <mask>)
River (1973)
Seed of Memory (1976)
Rogue Waves (1979)
The Driver (1991)
Super Lungs The Complete Studio EMI Recordings 1966–1969 (2004)
The Other Side of the River (2016)

Live albums
The Hand Don't Fit The Glove (1985)
Alive (2004)
Silver White Light – Live at the Isle of Wight 1970 (2004)
Live in London (2013)

Filmography
 Glastonbury Fayre (1972) Directed by Nicolas Roeg features "Dean", an extended jam with Linda Lewis). The drummer in the band at the time was Alan White who would later join 'Yes'; lap-steel player David Lindley later worked with Ry Cooder and Jackson Browne. Days of Thunder (1990) directed by Tony Scott features "Gimme Some Lovin'"
 The Criminal, produced 1999 and released in 2001, featured his song "Dean" from the 'River album. <mask> became good friends with the film's producer Chris Johnson who also become <mask>'s business advisor,
 Wonderland (2003) features "Faith to Arise" and "Dean"
 The Devil's Rejects (2005) Directed by Rob Zombie features "Brave Awakening", "To Be Treated Rite" and "Seed of Memory"
 Groupies – Cherry Red Films – 1970 performance and backstage footage in San Francisco:  "Bang Bang" and "Superlungs My Supergirl"
 The Summit (2013 documentary) features "July" over the closing credits. Superlungs (2016) a feature-length documentary based on the life and music career of <mask>. 3 From Hell'' (2019) Directed by Rob Zombie. "Faith to Arise" is played over the end credits."The Frame" is heard on the car radio. References

External links

1949 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
English songwriters
English rock singers
People from Huntingdon
Columbia Graphophone Company artists
Epic Records artists
Musicians from Cambridgeshire
English session musicians
British male songwriters

masks:
Terrance James Reid
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Terry Reid
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Terry Reid
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<mask> (October 15, 1955February 25, 1998) was an American quadriplegic street musician who was well known for playing the keyboard with her lips, teeth and tongue on the boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Her 1976 child custody court battle with Philadelphia welfare officials gained national attention. Biography
<mask> was born with arthrogryposis multiplex, which erodes connective tissue, and in her case, greatly reduced her limb development (also variously ascribed to an attempted abortion). Her parents deserted her early on, and she was raised by her grandparents, who also cared for her sister. She finished high school in 3 years. Unable to walk, she could crawl with a "hopping-like" motion using her undeveloped arms and legs. She met a nursing home aide in 1974, while she was in care at a rehabilitation center, and she gave birth in November 1975 to daughter Niya; the boyfriend had advised abortion, and was not around.Before the couple could marry, the boyfriend died. When Niya was four months old, <mask> visited the Philadelphia Department of Public Welfare for assistance, but instead the social worker recommended that the child be removed, claiming that she could not be receiving adequate care. A week later the Common Pleas Court Judge Edward B. Rosenberg ordered the child's return. In the custody hearing Celestine "startled the courtroom" when she dressed and undressed Niya using only her lips, teeth and tongue. The judge also stated that the mother was "very sensible and has unusual mental capacity." In a Jet magazine article covering the court case, <mask> demonstrated typing 35 words per minute, handwriting, playing the organ, controlling a television, and taking complete care of her baby with her mouth. Her attorney commented, "The worst thing that could happen is the child could be spoiled."At the time, <mask> was receiving Social Security and public assistance. Jet provided an address for readers to send notes and contributions. The magazine later reported receiving contributions and letters numbering in the "hundreds". At the final custody hearing, the judge awarded <mask> full joint custody with her grandparents under "protective supervision of the court", adding that he would personally visit the child. She had publicized her case on radio and television talk shows. Her attorney credited Jet readers for contributing to the court victory. In January 1978, she announced plans to publish her autobiography, then titled All By Myself, with J.B. Lippincott & Co., and to "get out of this house ... find me a man and move to the suburbs."In the two years since the custody hearings, she had obtained sole custody of Niya, and by April, had moved out of her grandparents home to one a mile away, and had a new boyfriend. She stated Lippincott Co. had declined to publish, but a local publisher agreed. In 1979 she gave birth to Coronda <mask>, by the new boyfriend. Jet reported in late 1980 that <mask> had attempted suicide by overdose, due to difficulties finding a home, and publishers turning down manuscripts of her autobiography (then titled To Those Who Ask: Why Me?) as "too sad". She had been living with her aunt; her daughters were with other relatives. <mask> took music lessons for six months at Philadelphia's Settlement Music School disabled classes.Starting in the 1980s she performed on streets in downtown Philadelphia, then shifted venues to the Atlantic City Boardwalk, playing on a portable keyboard using her tongue. She reported that by 1983 she was receiving enough donations to support her family without public assistance. She received "dozens of tickets" for violating a Boardwalk anti-panhandling ordinance. In 1986 she went to court, arguing that she was a self-employed musician, not a beggar, acting as her own attorney. She was convicted on eight counts of panhandling, but she performed an impromptu recital in the courtroom, and was applauded by the arresting officers. She was sentenced to eight hours of community service, and was required to obtain a permit. Later in 1986 she received 50 more citations and was convicted and fined on 18 counts.She went to court to challenge the constitutionality of the law, but her attorney had reached a settlement with the city to apply for a permit to solicit, as veterans do. In 1988, she faced twelve new counts of playing without a permit, having never obtained the one previously agreed-upon. She stated that she earned enough to send her children to private school. The prosecutor was reported as saying, "she's a cunning and clever businesswoman." But in 1990, she was back in court for failing to pay the previously agreed-upon fine, which she freely admitted. The ordinance was repealed in 1992. In a 1998 interview she said the donations helped send her two daughters to college, and funded her occupational aides.In 1991 she married <mask>, a casino maintenance worker. <mask>'s eldest daughter was married in 1996, as announced in Jet; the family appeared on the magazine's cover. At the ceremony, <mask> played "Love Story". She finally published her autobiography in 1996, entitled Some Crawl and Never Walk with Dorrance Publishing Co., a subsidy publisher, with funding by Evander Holyfield. In December 1997 Celestine began work for a McDonald's restaurant, taking telephone orders and distributing flyers. She operated her computer with a special device, and increased telephone order volume substantially, according to the franchise owner. Appearances
Celestine appeared on daytime television talk shows hosted by Oprah Winfrey, Sally Jesse Raphael and Geraldo Rivera, and several radio shows, including The Howard Stern Show, on which she said she appeared six times.Music
Her daily street performances, in front of Bally's Park Place casino and Caesars, included "Stormy Weather", "Amazing Grace", "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" "Born Free", and patriotic hymns like "America the Beautiful" and other religious tunes. In <mask>'s first telephone appearance on the Howard Stern Radio Show in 1989, Howard listened to her play music, then invited her to play tennis for the upcoming October 7, 1989 "U.S. Open Sores" live event. Appearing before 16,000 fans at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Celestine performed The Star-Spangled Banner with her tongue. Death
On February 19, 1998 two colliding cars struck her as she traveled down an Atlantic City street on her motorized gurney. She received massive head injuries, and succumbed six days later. She was 42. 200 people attended the procession and memorial service at Bally's.References

1955 births
1998 deaths
Musicians from Atlantic City, New Jersey
Musicians from Philadelphia
People with arthrogryposis
People with tetraplegia
American people with disabilities
Road incident deaths in New Jersey
20th-century American musicians
Burials in Pennsylvania

masks:
Celestine Tate Harrington
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<mask> (born 1940) is an American actor and a member of the Firesign Theatre. He has performed voice-over work for video games, films and television series. Career
Of the four members of Firesign Theatre, <mask> has had the greatest amount of mainstream exposure as an actor. A boy soprano in his youth, he worked extensively in musical theatre, including numerous juvenile female roles in productions of Gilbert & Sullivan operettas. In his early adult career, he worked in musical theatre on Broadway, the West Coast and in touring productions. During this period <mask> worked with many famous names, including composer Richard Rodgers, and forged important social connections, becoming close friends with notable figures including Henry Jaglom, Brandon de Wilde, Peter Fonda and Karen Black. <mask> also appeared occasionally on television in small roles, including episodes of Daniel Boone, All in the Family, and Night Court; and Off-Broadway in the 1964 musical The Amorous Flea.He also provided the voices of Meltdown in Treasure Planet and "Drunk Monkey" in the Dr. Dolittle remake series. He has also provided uncredited ADR overdubs for numerous movies over the years. More recently, he has done voices for several cartoons and video games, including the voice of Howard Deville in Rugrats and All Grown Up! on Nickelodeon, "background" voices for Disney features, and voice work on Power Rangers Time Force. He also did two voices in the GameCube video game Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem. He is the voice of The Professor and White Monkey in the Ape Escape series. Recently, his voice was featured in the video game Dead Rising as Russell Barnaby, in the Assassin's Creed series as Dr. Warren Vidic, and on Adventures in Odyssey as Leonard Meltsner and Detective Don Polehaus.In the 2007 live audio production of the Angie Award-winning screenplay Albatross (original screenplay written by Lance Rucker and Timothy Perrin)  at the International Mystery Writers Festival, he played seven characters requiring four different accents: KGB agent Stefan Linnik, East German Communist Party apparatchik Kurt Mueller; a West Berlin gasthaus owner; an armed forces radio announcer; the Senate minority whip; a Secret Service guard; and Gerhard Derstman, the East German Cultural Attache/Stasi member. He also lent his voice to the game Battlezone. He was the announcer on Big Brother in seasons 3 through 6. <mask> also lent his voice in the Marvel: Ultimate Alliance series as the voices of Edwin Jarvis and Baron Mordo in the first game, and the Tinkerer in the sequel, Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2. He currently serves among the repertory cast of featured voices in recent and current Disney animated films. Stage versions of the records Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers; The Further Adventures of Nick Danger, Third Eye; and Waiting for the Electrician or Someone Like Him and Temporarily Humboldt County are published Broadway Play Publishing Inc. In 2017, <mask> published an autobiography entitled Where's My Fortune Cookie?coauthored with Brad Schreiber. In recent years <mask> has performed on the radio program American Parlor Songbook in sketches called "Boomers on a Bench". (1994)
 The Tick (1994–1996) – Courderoy Cordova / Fortissimo Brothers / Charles' Father
 Spider-Man The Animated Series (1997) – Electro / Rhienholdt Kragov
 The Wild Thornberrys (2000) – Game Host / Body Builder
 Justice League (2002) – First Humanoid
 All Grown Up!

masks:
Philip Proctor
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<mask> (born 4 February 1973) is a psychological and neuroanthropologist working on identity and self and emotions. He focused on religion with a particular interest in Muslim societies. He has been the Director of the Study of Contemporary Muslim Lives research hub at Macquarie University. and Senior Honorary Research Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Islam in the UK. He was formerly Associate Professor at the Department of Sociology at the National University of Singapore. <mask> is the founding editor of the first anthropological journal of Islamic studies, Contemporary Islam: Dynamics of Muslim Life. Together with Bryan Turner he also founded the book series Muslims in Global Societies with Ronald Lukens-Bull serving as an Assistant Editor.Education and academic history
During his training as an anthropologist, <mask> studied the relationship between gender and musical identity in immigrants of Algerian origin and later wrote about various aspects of raï music among Algerian immigrants in Paris, France, based on his year-long anthropological fieldwork there. Moving beyond an examination of raï in its North African context, Marranci focused upon the development of raï from its beginnings in Algeria to "Beur-raï" in France. He received his MA degree in Anthropology of Music in 1999 at the University of Bologna, Italy and also completed a diploma in piano performance at the Conservatoire Girolamo Frescobaldi, a musical conservatory in Ferrara, Italy, in 1998. In 2000, <mask> moved to Northern Ireland to study for a Ph.D. in social anthropology at Queen's University Belfast. His PhD use a neuroanthropological approach and focused on identity formation.Two years later, he became a teaching assistant within the same department. After conducting fieldwork with the Northern Irish Muslim community under the supervision of Kay Milton, he completed his PhD in 2003 with a thesis entitled The Adhan among the Bells: The Muslim Community in Northern Ireland. He published several articles and book chapters based on his fieldwork in Northern Ireland and also used material gathered there to furnish his first two books Jihad Beyond Islam and The Anthropology of Islam with ethnographic examples.From 2003 to 2008, <mask> was Lecturer in Religious Studies at the University of Aberdeen. Research

Marranci has explored numerous topics concerning Muslims and Islam varying from general concepts such as arts, music, gender, ethnicity, education, political Islam and social issues to more specific ones such as jihad, the ummah and the idea of justice. His areas of interest further include identity and emotions, urban sociology, Muslim migration/immigration, criminology, fundamentalism, secularisation processes, ethnomusicology, and the relationship between anthropological research and cognitive neuroscience. All of these seemingly highly varied topics, however, are linked to his main social anthropological interest: human identity and self. Singapore

<mask>’s current research focuses on young Malay Muslims (aged 12–25) and the issues that they may encounter in contemporary Singapore. Based on participant observation and interviews with male and female residents of welfare homes, parents, educators and organizations, his topic investigates the exposure of young Malays to what he terms as ‘global social threats’ and also the effects of a widening generational gap in the context of the recent 2008-2009 economic crisis. England and Scotland
Between 2004 and 2007, Marranci conducted in-depth research among Muslims in prison – the longest study of its kind to date.Funded by the British Academy, the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland and the University of Aberdeen, this research focused on the experience of Muslims in prison in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and how being behind bars impacted their identity and experience of Islam. Using participant observation as a primary research methodology, <mask> conducted over 170 interviews with current and former Muslim prisoners and their families. This meant taking part in Friday prayers, Islamic lessons, observing imams' activities and spending time with the prisoners in their cells and during their association time – at times for up to 10 hours a day. As far as former prisoners are concerned, this has also included living for a short time with the former prisoners' families and following their lives once released from prison. <mask> presented some of his research at the 2007 IQRA Trust Annual Lecture at the House of Lords. His research has also attracted attention from newspapers such as The Guardian, Le Figaro, and Daily Times (Pakistan), among others. In addition, he has been interviewed for a documentary for the BBC.Northern Ireland
Between 2001 and 2003 <mask> carried out fieldwork among the local Muslim community, primarily in Belfast. His research interests included cultural influences, religious modifications, the concept of ummah, children's education, Muslim associations, community organization, child-parent relationships, identity conflicts, and women. He also studied identity construction among Muslim migrants and their children, proposing an interpretation of the reasons for which Muslims in the West may radicalize or understand jihad as violent struggle. He has published some of this research in Jihad beyond Islam and, along with findings from his research with Muslims in prison, in Understanding Muslim Identity, Rethinking Fundamentalism. Italy
Between 1999 and 2000, <mask> studied Muslim immigrant women and their daughters in Pisa. His fieldwork centered on family roles, women's associations, diaspora, myth of return, private vs. public, female genital mutilation in immigration contexts and social relationships. France
Between 1998 and 1999, <mask> conducted fieldwork in both Paris and Lyon with first and second-generation Algerian immigrants, focussing on the use of urban space, identity conflicts, cultural expressions, gender, transnationalism and local and global dimensions.Selected bibliography
<mask>, G. (2009), Faith, Ideology and Fear: Muslim Identities Within and Beyond Prisons, London and New York: Continuum Books
<mask>, G. (2009), The Sociology and Anthropology of Islam, in Bryan Turner (ed.) The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. <mask>, G. (2009), Understanding Muslim Identity, Rethinking Fundamentalism, London, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <mask>, G. (2008), British Muslims and the British State, in Bryan Turner (ed. ), Religious Diversity and Civil Society: A Comparative Analysis, Oxford: Bardwell Press. <mask>, G. (2007), The Anthropology of Islam, London and New York: <mask>, G. (2007), From the Ethos of Justice to the Ideology of Justice: Understanding Radical Views of Scottish Muslims, in Tahir Abbas (ed. ), Islamic Political Radicalism: A European Comparative Perspective, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.<mask>, G. (2006), Jihad beyond Islam, London and New York: Berg. References

Italian anthropologists
Writers from Florence
Living people
1973 births

masks:
Gabriele Marranci
Marranci
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<mask> (born July 15, 1953) is an American singer and songwriter who co-wrote and performed her international hit "I Love the Nightlife (Disco 'Round)" in 1978. Early years
Born in Charlotte, North Carolina and raised in the small Cleveland County town of Lawndale, <mask> sang from a very young age, learning to play guitar at the age of 10. At the age of 12 she had her own radio program: The <mask> Show, broadcast every Saturday on station WADA in Shelby, North Carolina. Occasionally she would sing on the show but has said what she is most proud of is that she "ran all the dials, the turntables, cued the records and made all the announcements live on the air". From age thirteen <mask> fronted bands who performed in local clubs- (<mask> quote:)"They were pretty rough places...but these were the only places I could get...performing experience... so I had to adjust to that rough environment and learn to survive in it"

Discovery and fame (1970s)
<mask> first recorded for the Nashville-based Mega Records with two 1973 single releases of her original material: both singles flopped but <mask> came to the attention of the president of the publisher of her songs: Bill Lowery, who signed as her manager, subsidizing <mask> over a roughly two-year period of canvassing record labels which ended when she was signed to Polydor in 1977. <mask>' self-titled debut album was the inaugural production by Steve Buckingham who was assigned to produce <mask> after playing guitar on one of her earliest sessions. <mask> and her personal and songwriting partner Susan Hutcheson had written a song entitled "Disco 'Round" which at Buckingham's suggestion was recorded as "I Love the Nightlife" as Buckingham felt the song was R&B rather than disco ("Disco 'Round" was retained as the song's subtitle): <mask> herself would later admit she'd had hopes that the song would be received as a Memphis soul number, calling it "something Al Green might sing".However club support was a key factor in the success of the track which became a "sleeper" Top 40 hit spending 27 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 with a peak of number five, and also appearing on several international hit parades as evinced by the Billboard's "Hits of the World" chart. The song was also in the #5 position on the Record World and Cash Box charts. It was also a "crossover" hit, receiving play even on country music stations. The cover of the 1978 self-titled LP features an early skyline picture of Atlanta, Georgia. In 1978 <mask> was a Grammy nominee and was the opening act, performing "I Love the Nightlife". <mask>' self-titled LP, <mask> Bridges, was also rising on the Billboard, Cash Box and Record World charts and the LP remained on the charts for up to 35 weeks. Both the LP and the single release were international successes, and "I Love the Nightlife" went top 40 in the UK and Germany, Spain and other European countries.<mask>' music was especially popular in Japan. She received an RIAA Certified Gold Record for the sale of over one million copies of her hit single in the US, as well as a gold record from Canada. Contrary to the impression created by her success with "I Love the Nightlife", <mask> was primarily a singer of R&B, rock, blues and love songs. "I Love the Nightlife" has a definite back beat and organ similar to early 1970s R&B; the original intention was for "I Love the Nightlife" to be an R&B song, but when Bill Lowery first heard the song, he saw its disco potential: subsequently a 12" single remix was created by Jim Burgess, ultimately becoming a worldwide club smash. "I Love the Nightlife" has been featured in several movies, including Love at First Bite, The Last Days of Disco and The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. <mask>' second single, "Body Heat", was a rock song with strong electric guitar rhythms. It was a "rock/dance" song released at a time when there was some rivalry between disco fans and rock fans; this time period began to see more songs which mixed the genres of rock and disco to create a "rock/disco" flavor.In an interview, <mask> mentioned Elvis Presley as the singer who originally aroused her interest in rock music but she has always considered herself an R&B singer. She cited Tina Turner, Aretha Franklin, Gladys Knight and Patti Labelle as her 1970s influences. She said that she didn't care for white female singers as a rule with the exception of Joni Mitchell and Janis Joplin. She complained that white women sounded like they were "sleepwalking" through their performances. "Yeah, I jump around a lot when I'm performing," she said. Impostor
In 1983, a woman was arrested in Nashville, Tennessee for pretending to be <mask> during a country music convention. <mask> drove from her home in Atlanta to give evidence in the case.<mask> stated that she had been plagued by an impostor for five years. Recent years
Subsequent to the 1984 release of the second of two consecutive flop album releases <mask> began working as a disc jockey at Atlanta dance clubs, and was working at the Ponce de Leon Avenue venue the Atlanta Eagle when her disco classic "I Love the Nightlife" had its 1994 revival due to its inclusion on the soundtrack of the movie The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. This revival spurred <mask> to perform at retro disco shows for a number of years, before retiring to Charlotte North Carolina. Alicia Bridges Music Publications was founded in 2006 and has produced three albums. In November 2006 <mask> released a remixed and remastered compilation of her songs titled This Girl Don't Care. In 2007 she released Say It Sister. Her third CD, Faux Diva, was released in 2008; this included a remix of "I Love The Nightlife".<mask> is currently active in the music community as a producer and DJ. Her works, digital versions of her recordings, a blog and videos can be found on her official web sites. In 2009 <mask> was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame. Personal life
<mask> is openly lesbian. She has stated that as a teenager, she realized she was "different from the rest", as discussed during a 1998 interview for The Advocate. Discography

Albums
 1978:  <mask> (Polydor, 1978)
 1979: Play It as It Lays
 1984: Hocus Pocus
 2002: The Collection: I Love the Nightlife (compilation)
 2006: This Girl Don't Care (remixed and remastered compilation)
 2007: Say It Sister (remastered compilation)
 2008: Faux Diva (remixed and remastered compilation)

Singles

See also
List of 1970s one-hit wonders in the United States

References

External links
 Official site

1953 births
Living people
American women pop singers
American disco singers
LGBT singers from the United States
LGBT songwriters
American lesbian musicians
People from Cleveland County, North Carolina
LGBT people from North Carolina
Polydor Records artists
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women singers
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people

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<mask>, <mask> of Etchingham (born 31 October 1956) is an English journalist and a former editor of The Daily Telegraph, The Spectator and The Sunday Telegraph; he still writes for all three. He is known for his authorised biography of Margaret Thatcher, published in three volumes (2013, 2016 and 2019). Under the government of Boris Johnson, in July 2020 <mask> was given a peerage and made a member of the House of Lords. Early life
<mask> was born in Hastings, East Sussex. He is from a Liberal family. His mother was a county councillor for the Liberal Party in Sussex and his father Richard was a leader writer on the News Chronicle, who unsuccessfully stood for the party at several general elections. While at Eton in 1974 <mask> wrote about his membership of the Liberals in the Eton Chronicle and also about his taste for real ale.During this period he was already a friend of Oliver Letwin. <mask> remained a Liberal into his early twenties. <mask> went to Trinity College, Cambridge, at the same time as Letwin. At Eton he had also known Nicholas Coleridge, who was also at Trinity. He read English (2.1) and History (2.1) and graduated BA in 1979. By now an advocate of architectural conservation, he became an admirer of the work in this field of Poet Laureate Sir John Betjeman. Early career
In 1979 he joined The Daily Telegraph as a political correspondent, and, after a short period on the 'Peterborough' gossip column, was writing leaders within two years, by the age of 24.In 1982 <mask> wrote a pamphlet for the Salisbury Group, titled The Old People of Lambeth (1982). In the aftermath of the 1981 Brixton riot, (which <mask> blamed on "poorly planned mass immigration"), <mask> interviewed elderly white residents of Lambeth on their experience of crime, the police, immigration and politics. <mask> wrote: "The native population of Lambeth feels little natural sympathy with the West Indian arrivals. Without having any arrogant or dogmatic theory of racial superiority, the old people of Lambeth can see with their own eyes that they are surrounded by people more primitive than they, who lack their respect for law and privacy". In the final paragraph, <mask> wrote of the old people's loyalty to the Royal Family, their memories of the two world wars, their work ethic and their readiness to obey the law: "As one old man said simply, 'It's our country and our Queen. Why should we be afraid to go out?'" In 1992 in an article questioning the success of the welfare policies intended to combat historical social problems, <mask> supportively claimed there was a perception in America that some groups might be more able than others, which he then went on to support: "The Korean sets up the grocery store which the black then robs, that is the caricature that America recognises", and that there was a prejudice often voiced in conversation but hardly ever put into print "that there really is something different about blacks, or at least about young black men" and "If it is true, as it surely is that some races – the Jews are the obvious example – are highly enterprising and talented, it may also be true that some are the opposite."In September 2003 <mask> launched a new column, Beebwatch, that he claimed will "delve into the unconscious bias" of the corporation. "The BBC's mental assumptions are those of the fairly soft left, that American power is a bad thing, whereas the UN is good, that the Palestinians are in the right and Israel isn't, that the war in Iraq was wrong, that the European Union is a good thing and that people who criticise it are xenophobic," <mask> said. As editor

The Spectator
Two years after joining The Spectator as a political columnist, <mask> became the magazine's editor in 1984, remaining there until 1990. <mask> was given this role by the owner, John “Algy” Cluff, whose company Cluff Resources specialises in “support activities” for oil and gas extraction and is co-located with a number of climate change denial think-tanks at 55 or 57 Tufton Street. <mask> employed a young journalist Boris Johnson at The Spectator, who went onto succeed <mask> as Editor of the Spectator and then became Mayor of London, Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

<mask> co-edited A Tory Seer: The Selected Journalism of T. E. Utley, which was published in 1989. Editor of the Sunday Telegraph
Following The Spectator, he edited The Sunday Telegraph from 1992 to 1995. Near the start of this period, around the time of the publication of the Andrew Morton book Diana: Her True Story, he appeared on Newsnight to discuss the marital difficulties of the Prince and Princess of Wales.To the astonishment of the presenter, Jeremy Paxman, <mask> said that because he wished to protect the monarchy: "I believe in the importance of concealment in these matters and, if you like, hypocrisy." Editor of the Daily Telegraph
<mask> became editor of The Daily Telegraph in 1995. In 2001, his signed editorial "A Free Country" gained some notice elsewhere in the media. In this article, he argued in favour of hunting, pornography, the right to employ whom we choose, the right to trial by jury and advocated the legalisation of cannabis. He blamed a decline in "freedom" on the controls imposed during the Second World War and on Margaret Thatcher: "If you've been in office for a long time you always start to believe in having more power, and she undoubtedly got that disease." False allegations against George Galloway
Owing to falling circulation, there had been speculation by 2003 about <mask>'s future prior to his resignation in the autumn of that year. <mask> had been editor when stories about George Galloway, which led to a successful libel action from the politician, were published.The newspaper had falsely written that Galloway received payments from Saddam Hussein's regime. Later career
Since leaving the editorship of the Daily Telegraph in 2003, to spend more time writing Thatcher's authorised biography, <mask> has penned regular columns at The Spectator and at the Daily Telegraph. Chairman of Policy Exchange (?-2011)
<mask> was for a number of years chairman of Policy Exchange, a London-based think-tank, before he stepped down in June 2011. In December 2007 he entered the debate over The Hijacking of British Islam, a Policy Exchange report which the BBC had found to rely on evidence that was clearly fabricated, On 17 December 2007, The Times issued an apology to Dr Muhammad Abdul Bari of the East London Mosque in connection with its coverage of the report originally defended by <mask>. Policy Exchange did not bring its threatened legal action against the BBC but in September 2008, the Finsbury Park Mosque issued a writ in the High Court over the report's allegations. In March 2009, the report appeared to have been removed from the Policy Exchange website, and a correction notice was published. The case came to the High Court in December 2009 but was struck out by the Judge on the basis that the Mosque could not sue for defamation as it was not a corporate entity or legal person.Peerage
On 31 July 2020, <mask> was given a life peerage alongside other prominent Brexiters Claire Fox, Kate Hoey, Gisela Stuart, Frank Field and Sir Ian Botham. He took his seat in the House of Lords on 17 September 2020, and sits as a non-affiliated. , he has yet to speak in the Lords or ask a written question, although he has voted 75 times, he will give his maiden speech on 23rd February 2022. Publications

Biographer of Margaret Thatcher
Following the death of Margaret Thatcher on 8 April 2013, during his appearance on the Question Time programme three days later, <mask> criticised the BBC for giving too much publicity to the Thatcher critics who were celebrating her death. Menzies Campbell accused <mask> of suffering from "a persecution complex". On 17 April, the day of Thatcher's funeral, <mask> said that parts of the country showing enmity were considered "relatively less important". <mask> left his post as editor of The Daily Telegraph in 2003 to spend more time writing Thatcher's authorised biography.Always intended to be published after her death, the first volume, titled Not For Turning, was published in 2013 shortly after her funeral. (The US edition of this initial volume was retitled Margaret Thatcher, The Authorized Biography: From Grantham to the Falklands.) <mask> does not know exactly why he was chosen to write the biography, but believes it was probably because of his age, and because he was familiar with all the main characters of Thatcher's time in government, without being especially strongly linked to any one of them. He was selected by Thatcher, without his prior knowledge, out of a list of names which were presented to her. The first volume of <mask>'s three-volume work received the £5,000 Elizabeth Longford Prize in 2014. Personal life
<mask> married Caroline Baxter (whom he had met at university) during 1981 in Tunbridge Wells. The couple have two children.<mask> converted to Roman Catholicism following the Church of England's decision to allow the ordination of women as priests in 1992. His wife, a former English don at Peterhouse, Cambridge, chose not to make such a move and remains an Anglican. <mask> is the founder-chairman of The Rectory Society which is dedicated to preserving past and present parsonages. <mask> is also a patron of the Latin Mass Society of England & Wales. Views
<mask> is a monarchist and says the monarchy "reaches parts politics cannot reach". He supported Brexit and has criticised the BBC's Brexit and climate change coverage. In The Spectator in 2018 he wrote that "religious freedom is central to all freedoms".In September 2020, <mask> referred to Black Lives Matter as a "Marxist movement whose doctrines about white people are explicitly racist". Critic of the BBC
<mask> is a critic of the BBC, which he believes has a left-wing bias. <mask> was fined £262 for not possessing a TV licence in May 2010, eighteen months after announcing that he would donate the amount payable as a television licence to Help the Aged because the BBC had failed to sack Jonathan Ross for his "Sachsgate" prank with Russell Brand. He saw the episode as part of an ongoing "pathology" at the BBC, rather than being an isolated incident. In December 2019, <mask> was a guest editor on the BBC flagship news programme, Today, where he invited fellow Global Warming Policy Foundation affiliates Matt Ridley and Michael Kelly to be interviewed in back-to-back editions of the programme also featuring climate activist Greta Thunberg and climate scientist Kevin Anderson. <mask> said the BBC was biased against climate change deniers. Today host, Nick Robinson, said that the corporation's coverage was governed by "Ofcom regulations and the law" and that it reported the "global consensus" on climate science, denying it preached a certain position.Sir David Clementi, the outgoing chairman of the BBC, warned the government that lining up <mask> as his successor would "put off" candidates. <mask> was reported to have been the Prime Minister's preferred choice for chairman before the position had been advertised. However, since then, <mask> has said he decided against applying for personal reasons, although <mask>'s demand for a pay rise over the current salary and discomfort over his previous comments were also reported. Critic of David Cameron
<mask> was a critic of David Cameron's Conservative Party modernisation strategy, that he stated embraced "subjects which they had previously ceded to the Left, like health, welfare, the environment and schools", which he believed had supported the interests of government organisations rather than that of the consumer. In particular, <mask> has been critical of the National Health Service, which he considers "a terrible organisation". In December 2009, regarding the Beano character Lord Snooty, the nickname Private Eye uses for <mask>, <mask> wrote that "he is the ideal role model for David Cameron." In 2011, after the News International phone hacking scandal became public knowledge, he wondered if the Left had been right all along, not only in their objection to Rupert Murdoch's power, but also whether "'the free market' is actually a set-up."On the English Defence League
In June 2013, <mask> said that following the murder of Lee Rigby by Islamic terrorists, the BBC and organisations which monitor attacks against Muslims and anti-Muslim prejudice, such as Tell MAMA, had set a trap "inviting those of us who reject such statements" (i.e. that anti-Muslim prejudice had increased following the attacks) "to defend the [English Defence League]. I do not." He described the EDL as a "reactive organisation" which "does not – officially at least – support violence". <mask> also said "If we attack the EDL for being racist, fascist and pro-violence, we can do so with impunity, although we are not being strictly accurate" and that "the only serious violence was against a British soldier". Sadiq Khan said in his response to <mask> that "Al-Rahma Islamic Centre had been burnt to the ground, or to the 182 staff and pupils evacuated from the Darul Uloom School in Chiselhurst, traumatised by an arson attack in the middle of the night". On gay rights
<mask> has expressed his view that civil partnerships achieved a "balance" for heterosexual and homosexual couples.In July 2013, <mask> wrote that he opposed changing the definition of marriage, writing in The Spectator: "I wonder if the law will eventually be changed to allow one to marry one's dog." In 2015, <mask> wrote that a "gay rights sharia" was dictating what the LGBT+ community should believe following Dolce & Gabbana's openly gay founders criticising gay adoptions. <mask> wrote that "If you are gay, Mr Strudwick seemed to assert, there are certain things you must believe. Nothing else is permitted under the gay rights sharia." In 2013, he wrote that "Respectable people are truly terrified of being thought anti-homosexual. In a way, they are right to be, because attacking people for their personal preferences can be a nasty thing." In 2017, <mask> opposed banning the pseudoscientific practice of conversion therapy, asking: "Why should they not be entitled to seek escape [from homosexual feelings]?"A partial ban on conversion therapy for England and Wales was later announced in the Queen's Speech in 2021. On Islam, terrorism and immigration
In the wake of the June 2015 Sousse attacks, in which 38 Westerners were murdered by an Islamist who had apparently been seduced by an associate of Abu Qatada, <mask> wrote an essay the thesis of which was that ISIS and its fellow-travellers truly believe only it can defeat the conspiracy that runs the world and that there is no possible common ground. He concluded that "It is not paranoid to say that there is a deadly enemy within [the UK] and not intolerant to want to defeat it." <mask> wrote in September 2015 that Muslim immigration meant "more political disturbance, more communal tension, more intolerance of other faiths and more terrorism". In January 2017 <mask> defended Donald Trump after the President attempted to ban citizens of several Muslim nations entering the US. <mask> described the criticisms of Trump as "foaming" and "ridiculous" in an editorial for The Daily Telegraph. Alleged sexism
In August 2015, <mask> received media attention and criticism after he wrote an article for The Spectator about the 2015 Labour Party leadership election, titled "Have Yvette Cooper and Liz Kendall got the looks for a leadership contest?", in which he wrote "there is an understanding that no leader—especially, despite the age of equality, a woman—can look grotesque on television and win a general election" and discussed the looks of the two female candidates in detail. The article was condemned by Liz Kendall, First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon and Tessa Jowell, candidate for the Labour nomination for Mayor of London and former Minister and MP, along with several journalists and MPs from various parties. In August 2019 he was criticised for suggesting that Olivia Colman had a "distinctly leftwing face" which cast a doubt in his mind on her ability to play the role of the Queen in the then-upcoming season of The Crown. Climate change
In 2015, <mask> was made a trustee of the Global Warming Policy Foundation, sanctioned by the Charity Commission, described by The Independent as the UK's most prominent climate science denial campaign group. Bob Ward the ESRC Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science has said that the Global Warming Policy Foundation does not disclose its funding and that <mask> or his allies at the Foundation do "not declare their affiliation to the Foundation when promoting climate change denial" and that "<mask>'s many articles for 'The Daily Telegraph' about climate change do not mention his connection". In April 2017, he authored an article for The Daily Telegraph which advocated "a bonfire of green regulations" and a return to fossil fuels to improve the British economy after Brexit. According to Bob Ward, <mask> incorrectly claimed in 2018 that the United States had successfully reduced its CO2 emissions globally and their emissions had hit a 25-year low last year.Ward also claimed that <mask> incorrectly claimed that Germany and Japan are increasing their carbon footprint because they have "run away from nuclear". References

Bibliography
 Review of Margaret Thatcher: The Authorised Biography, Volume Two: Everything She Wants. External links
 <mask> Column archive The Daily Telegraph
 I'm starting to think that the Left might actually be right, The Daily Telegraph, 22 July 2011
 <mask> Column archive The Spectator

 <mask> Article archive Journalisted
 In Defence of Dogma Interview with Luke O Sullivan, Quadrapheme Magazine, 17 April 2014 (Archived)

1956 births
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
British biographers
British male journalists
British monarchists
British newspaper editors
Contestants on University Challenge
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism
English columnists
English Roman Catholics
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Living people
People educated at Eton College
People from Hastings
The Spectator editors
The Daily Telegraph people
Male biographers

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<mask> is an American essayist, novelist, and author of several books of nonfiction. Her writing has appeared in publications including Quillette, TIME, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, National Review, First Things, The Weekly Standard, and other venues. In March 2017, she was named senior research fellow at the Faith & Reason Institute. <mask> spoke at the Edmund Burke Foundation's inaugural National Conservatism Conference in July, 2019. Education and personal life
<mask> grew up in rural upstate New York. She graduated magna cum laude in 1983 from Cornell University, where she was a four-year Telluride Scholar. <mask> is married to author and demographer <mask>.Professional career
Eberstadt has written for a wide variety of magazines and newspapers. New York Times columnist David Brooks has twice awarded Eberstadt's writing a "Sidney," his annual award for best essay writing of the year. Columnist George Will has called Eberstadt "intimidatingly intelligent," and author George Weigel has called her "our premier analyst of American cultural foibles and follies, with a keen eye for oddities that illuminate just how strange the country's moral culture has become." In 2016, HarperCollins published Eberstadt's latest book, It's Dangerous to Believe: Religious Freedom and Its Enemies, which chronicles the rise in discrimination against religious believers in the United States and elsewhere during an era of ascendant secularism. The book argues that the sexual revolution has inadvertently generated a new, rival, secularist Western faith, complete with quasi-religious ritual and theology; and that this new secularist faith must learn to coexist in civility alongside traditional Judeo-Christianity, rather than seeking to drive other men and women of faith from the public square. Thomas Farr of the Religious Freedom Project said that "every man and woman of the left should read this book." Robert P. George called it "a powerful manifesto."Russell D. Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention said that "this book will equip you to know what's happening to America's first freedom and will inspire you to act." In its review of the book, Publishers Weekly noted the one-sided nature of her arguments: "Casting believers almost entirely as innocent victims without any political or cultural power causes the work to lose some nuance, as does her assertion that Western secularism places Islam off limits for critique. For traditional Christians, Eberstadt provides a language to defend their position, a comforting sense that their persecution is real, and a view of the irony of progressives curtailing freedom....[T]he final chapter's call to attend to rhetoric and avoid generalization powerfully makes the case for more civility in the midst of intense disagreement." Writing in the Weekly Standard, Jonathan Last called the book "brilliant" and a "tour de force, essential reading for anyone wondering how our civilization can survive the current moment." <mask> is the author of several other books, including How the West Really Lost God, published in 2013. How the West Really Lost God, fortified with an intensive study of both historical data and contemporary popular culture, proffers the original thesis that the undermining of the family in Western culture has in turn helped power religious decline. Francis Fukuyama wrote of the book, "<mask> is one of the most acute and creative social observers of our time.She is not afraid to challenge received wisdom and her insights are always well worth pondering." Rodney Stark called the book "A brilliant contribution to the really big question about the future of the West, and a pleasure to read." The review in The Economist said that the "elegantly written book repeatedly shows that strong families help to keep religious practice alive, and that too many people see a causal connection running exclusively in the opposite direction." Writing in The American Conservative, Rod Dreher called the book "stunning," adding that "<mask>'s contribution is to make an argument that not only does religion cause family formation, but family formation causes religion." <mask> also authored Adam and Eve After the Pill: Paradoxes of the Sexual Revolution, published in 2012. The book examines how the sexual revolution has produced widespread discontent among men and women, and has harmed the weakest members of society. Eberstadt explores the portrayal of the sexual revolution in pop culture voices, pinpointing "a wildly contradictory mix of chatter about how wonderful it is that women are now all liberated for sexual fun--and how mysteriously impossible it has become to find a good, steady, committed boyfriend at the same time."A review in the Washington Times stated that "in this concise, elegantly written book, <mask> marries brilliant analytical power with wry wit" and called it "an enormous contribution to understanding both modern moral culture and the significance of current political debate." <mask>'s first book, Home-Alone America: The Hidden Toll of Day Care, Behavioral Drugs and Other Parent Substitutes, argued that separating children from family members at early ages is linked to childhood problems such as obesity and rising rates of mental and behavioral disorders. The book also connected these problems to popular culture, particularly as reflected in adolescent music (including the award-winning chapter, "Eminem is Right"). R. Albert Mohler, president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, called it "a book that should be read by every concerned parent, pastor, and policy maker." <mask> served as a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution from 2002 to 2013. From 1990 to 1998, <mask> was executive editor of National Interest magazine. From 1985 and 1987, she was a member of the Policy Planning Staff at the US State Department and a speechwriter for then Secretary of State George P. Shultz.From 1984 to 1985, she was a special assistant to Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick. <mask> was also a managing editor of the Public Interest. <mask> is also the founder of the Kirkpatrick Society, named after her late mentor, Jeane Kirkpatrick. Founded in 2011, the Kirkpatrick Society is based in Washington, D.C. and is a professional and literary society for women working in journalism, government, television, radio, book editing, think tanks, and foundations. The Kirkpatrick Society is made up of over 300 women and meets on a monthly basis. As of January 2017, the American Enterprise Institute assumed responsibility for the management and operations of the Kirkpatrick Society. On March 15, 2017, <mask> became a senior research fellow at the Faith & Reason Institute.In 2019, Eberstadt released Primal Screams. Wherein she postulates that the sexual revolution and female contraception of the 1960s contributed to identity politics. She says that it contributed to premarital sex, skyrocketing rates of abortion, fatherless homes, family shrinkage and family breakup. She especially blame smaller families for a lack of family role models for young people, and thus a breakdown of understanding between genders. The end of the family and church-life is deemed as the cause why people seek belonging in identity politics. Animal welfare

<mask> is known for her writings on animal welfare, and the moral connections she draws between the pro-life and pro-animal movements. Her widely discussed 2009 essay in First Things, "Pro-Animal, Pro-Life," was followed by a number of other, related pieces on the subject, among them "The Truth About Religion and Animals," "Support for Animal Welfare Grows on the Right," and "Why Animal Lovers Should Abhor Planned Parenthood."The Loser Letters
Eberstadt published her first work of fiction in 2010, The Loser Letters: A Comic Tale of Life, Death, and Atheism. The book satirically follows the experiences of a young Christian converting to atheism. P. J. O'Rourke wrote that "<mask> is the rightful heir and assignée of CS Lewis, and her heroine in The Loser Letters is the legitimate child (or perhaps grandchild) of 'the patient' in The Screwtape Letters." Playwright and director Jeffrey Fiske adapted the book for the stage, which had its world premiere at The Catholic University of America in September 2016 starring World Champion and Olympic Gymnast Chellsie Memmel. According to Kathryn Jean Lopez of National Review, "The timing of this adaptation by playwright Jeffrey Fiske may just be an opportunity to catch millennial "nones" with an invitation. It's also a nudge to conservatives and others to get creative. Polemics alone won't change the world."Writing also for National Review, Stanley Kurtz noted that this play could serve as a test of free speech on other college campuses. "What if The Loser Letters were to go on a tour that included some secular colleges?," he asked. "I'd like to believe the play would be courteously received at any school, but I can't help feeling that heads might explode—with protests or worse to follow. I only hope we get a chance to find out." Recognition
In 2014, <mask> gave Seton Hall University's commencement address and was awarded an honorary degree. The choice of Eberstadt as the school's commencement speaker brought dissent from some faculty members, who objected that her values were not consistent with those of the university. USA Today listed Eberstadt's address in its compilation of notable 2014 commencement speeches, alongside the speeches of John Kerry, John Legend, and Eric Holder.In 2014, the Siena Symposium for Women, Family, and Culture at St. Thomas University in Minnesota awarded Eberstadt a Humanitarian Leadership Award. She also received a Leadership Award from the Catholic Lawyers' Guild of Nebraska that same year. In 2009, Mt. St. Mary's University in Emmitsburg, Maryland awarded its Presidential Medal of Honor to Eberstadt and her husband, Nicholas. References

External links

20th-century American essayists
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American essayists
21st-century American women writers
American animal welfare scholars
American magazine editors
American Roman Catholics
Cornell University alumni
Hoover Institution people
Critics of atheism
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women essayists
American women novelists
Women magazine editors

masks:
Mary Tedeschi Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Nicholas Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Mary Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Eberstadt
Mary Eberstadt
Eberstadt