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<mask>  <mask> (November 1830 – May 23, 1875), better known as "Gassy Jack", was a bar-owner in British Columbia. The Gastown neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia takes its name from him. History

<mask> was born in  Hull, England. Growing up in Hull, a major seaport, <mask> and his brothers Tom and Richard learned to sail. Tom and Richard apprenticed on British ships, but Jack did not receive that opportunity. However, this meant he could switch to sailing on U.S. ships. When the California Gold Rush hit, ships were in demand to transport cargo and people from New York to San Francisco.In 1850, this voyage around Cape Horn took 140–160 days. Deighton signed up to work a new clipper Invincible that could sail 400 miles a day and made the trip in only 115 days. The next journey was to Hong Kong. Deighton was 21 years old and Third Officer. Next, Deighton visited family at home in England and then returned to the U.S., never returning to England again. Next, Deighton worked a gold claim in California, along with many others, until February 1858 when there was news of gold further north in a British territory known as New Caledonia. The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush had begun and Deighton sailed north along with thousands of others.The harsh winter took its toll on the prospectors but Deighton stayed for 5 years. He found no gold, though others did. New Caledonia was now the Colony of British Columbia. Traffic on the Fraser River was increasing as more miners arrived, but so far only American steamers were able to travel beyond Langley. Local boats were built to meet this need and Deighton piloted steamships and sternwheelers on the Fraser River for several years. By 1864, Deighton was forced to pursue other lines of work as he developed health problems (swelling of the legs and feet). Between 1862 and 1867, he ran a bar called the Globe Saloon in New Westminster, British Columbia.It was quite prosperous due to the Cariboo Gold Rush. But in 1867 when Deighton went out of town to visit the hot mineral springs near Harrison Lake, he entrusted the bar to an old shipmate, an American. On July 4 the celebrations got out of hand and Deighton returned to find his business ruined. In 1867, Deighton opened a bar on the south side of Burrard Inlet at the behest of his old friend, Captain Edward Stamp, the owner of the Hastings Mill. He later named it the Globe Saloon in memory of his previous bar in New Westminster. He came to the area with little more than $6 to his name, a few simple pieces of furniture, his Indigenous wife (whose name has been lost to the years), and a yellow dog. The bar was built by idle sawmill workers in exchange for all the whiskey they could drink in one sitting (the nearest drinking hole was 25 miles away).His patrons were mainly sailors and workers from the nearby sawmill. When business dwindled there, Deighton tried to acquire 20 waterfront acres near Moody's Mill and build a new saloon there. The local natives protested and the Governor agreed – Deighton went back to his previous bar, the Globe Saloon. This bar was demolished when the townsite of Granville was established. Deighton bought a nearby lot for $135 at the south-west corner of Carrall and Water Streets, where he built Deighton House. Deighton was first married to a Squamish woman, whose name is currently unknown. Before her death around 1870, her niece, Quahail-ya, came to care for her.After her death, Deighton married Quahail-ya who was also known by the name <mask>. According to the 1921 Canadian Census she was born in 1855 or 1856 but other sources suggest other dates. In 1940, she told Vancouver archivist Major J.S. Matthews that she was "about 12" when she married Deighton in 1870. Matthews reported that "it was difficult to converse." In 1946, after a portrait of her by Vancouver artist Mildred Valley Thornton was featured in the Vancouver Sun, she was described in an article as being "well over 90 years old." Newspaper stories on her death in 1948 noted she was "reputed to be over 100 years of age" and that she "claimed to be between 102 and 110 years of age."A son, Richard Mason <mask>, was born to <mask> and his wife in December 1871; the baby was baptized in 1872. Richard was nicknamed the "Earl of Granville" and was a popular figure in Gastown. (In her 1940 interview with Major Matthews, Madeline said the baby lived about two years and was buried at Brockton Point, but in fact he outlived his father.) Deighton's brother Tom and his wife took over the business in 1873 and Deighton returned to working the steamship that plied the Fraser River, this time as a captain of the steamer Onward. However, after a family quarrel a few months later, he resumed management of the saloon and operated it until he became ill and died at the age of 44 on May 23, 1875. Deighton's will left everything to his four-year-old son, but Richard died in November 1875 before the will was probated. It is not known who inherited the $304, but Quahail-ya/Madeline was reimbursed for three months of childcare and the expenses of her son's funeral.She returned to the North Shore and married Billy Williams, who died in 1897. She died August 10, 1948. Legacy

He is interred at the Fraser Cemetery in New Westminster, British Columbia. A headstone was installed in 1972, reading "Here lies <mask> 'Gassy Jack' <mask>, 1830 - 1875, Sailor, Prospector, Steamboatman, Pioneer, Hotelman at New Westminster & Granville: 'I have done well since I came here.'" The location of the monument is  (WGS84). <mask> was known as Gassy Jack because of his talkative nature and his penchant for storytelling. Locals called area around his bar "Gastown" though its proper name at the time was Granville.The Deighton House was later burned in the Great Vancouver Fire of June 1886. In honour of <mask>, the Gassy Jack statue stood in Maple Tree Square in Gastown which was the former site of his saloon, until it was toppled and defaced with paint by demonstrators on February 14, 2022, during the 31st annual Memorial March for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. References

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1830 births
1875 deaths
Drinking establishment owners
Pre-Confederation British Columbia people
Dei
Dei

masks:
John
Deighton
Deighton
Deighton
Madeline Deighton
Deighton
Deighton
John
Deighton
Deighton
Jack Deighton


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<mask> (, born 1967 in  Damascus) is a Syrian-American poet, novelist, and professor. She authored Hagar Poems which won honorable mention in the 2017 Book Awards of the Arab American National Museum. She is the recipient of Pushcart Prize for her creative nonfiction essay, "The Caul of Inshallah" and the Arkansas Arts Council Individual Artist Fellowship in 2002 for poetry. Her poetry has been featured in the installments of American neo-conceptual artist Jenny Holzer. Early life
Kahf was born in Damascus, Syria. In March 1971, at the age of three and a half, she moved to the United States. She grew up in a devout Muslim household.Both of her parents came to the United States as students at the University of Utah. Kahf and her family moved to Indiana after her parents received their university degrees. When she was in the tenth grade, she and her family moved to New Jersey. In 1984, Kahf lived in Iraq for a brief time. During college, she did one semester as a visiting student at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Kahf’s maternal grandfather was a member of the Syrian parliament in the 1950s, but was exiled from Syria because of his opposition to the Baathist regime. Her father was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, an organization that was banned in Syria, and was exiled from Syria as a result.Kahf graduated from Douglass College in 1988 and later received her Ph.D. in comparative literature from Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey in 1994. In 1995 she became a professor at the University of Arkansas where she serves in the Program for Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, and is a faculty member in the King Fahd Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. During her work at Rutgers, Kahf taught theories of feminism, Palestinian resistance women, and Black Power movement women. After her move to Arkansas, Kahf served for a time on the board of the Ozark Poets and Writers Collective, participated in local poetry slams and, after winning a spot on "Team Ozarks" with Brenda Moossy, Lisa Martinovic, and Pat Jackson,
represented the region with the all-women team at the 1999 National Poetry Slam in Chicago,

Kahf was a founding member of RAWI, the Radius of Arab American Writers, established in 1993 Kahf is currently a member of the Syrian Nonviolence Movement. In 2011, Kahf and her daughter visited the Turkish border to Syria in order to work with Syrian escapees. Kahf wrote about the experience in the essay "The Daughter's Road to Syria." Kahf has attended marches protesting the United States' War on Iraq.Literary career
Kahf's work explores themes of cultural dissonance and overlap between Muslim American and other communities, both religious and secular. Syria, Islam, ethics, politics, feminism, human rights, the body, gender, and erotics often feature in her work. In her poetry book Emails From Schherazad, Kahf explores many different Arab and Muslim identities and practices, frequently using humor. She reconfigures many female figures of the Islamic tradition, particularly in  Hagar Poems. Hagar Poems won honorable mention in the 2017 Book Awards of the Arab American National Museum. Kahf won a Pushcart Prize for her creative nonfiction essay, "The Caul of Inshallah," about the difficult birth of her son, first published in River Teeth in 2010. Kahf's first book of poetry, E-mails From Scheherazad, was a finalist for the 2004 Paterson Poetry Prize.Her novel The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf was a "One Book" reading at Indiana University East (Richmond, Indiana) in 2017. The novel was chosen as Book Sense Reading Group Favorite for June 2007 and as book of the year for the One Book, One Bloomington Series by the Bloomington Arts Council, Monroe County Public Library, Bloomington, Indiana, 2008. Kahf won the Arkansas Arts Council Individual Artist Fellowship in 2002 for poetry. In 2004, Kahf had a column exploring sexual topics on the progressive Muslim website MuslimWakeUp!.com. The column was called "Sex and the Umma" and featured short stories by her, who also hosted guest writers on the column, including Randa Jarrar, Michael Muhammad Knight, and Laila Al-Marayati. The original first column published, a short story by Kahf, "Lustrous Companions," was later re-published on the website loveinshallah.com. Kahf's work on "Sex and the Umma"
"earned her a torrent of attacks...the author, though at once playful and mischievous verbally and thematically, seems to be putting across an alternative image of Islam...a more progressive...one" says Layla Maleh.Kahf's poetry has featured in the installments of American neo-conceptual artist Jenny Holzer. Her poem "Two Friends Like Fireflies" was set to music composed by Joseph Gregorio, commissioned by the Women's Commission Consortium of the American Choral Director's Association, and premiered by the Soli Deo Gloria Women's Chorale. Kahf's work has been translated into Japanese, Italian, and Arabic. Her poetry features in the BBC documentary, Poems from Syria. Published works

Poetry
Hagar Poems, 2016, University of Arkansas Press
E-mails from Scheherazad 2003, University Press of Florida
 my lover feeds me grapefruit. 2020. press 53. Poems in journals and anthologies
"Nine November 2016 in the U.S. of A."Poem (Routledge), Issue 2-3, 2017. "Aleppo the Necklace Broke All the Words Fell Apart" & "Flora Fauna Syria," Sukoon: Arab-Themed Art & Literature
"My People Are Rising" Mizna: Prose, Poetry, and Art Exploring Arab America, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 4–6. April 2012. "Brenda Unbound", Banipal, Magazine of Modern Arab Literature, #38. London.pp. 50–52. "Little Mosque Poems." Journal of Pan African Studies, 2010, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p106-113. "Asiya's Aberrance," I Go to the Ruined Place: Contemporary Poems in Defense of Global Human Rights, ed. Melissa Kwasny & M.L.Smoker. Lost Horse Press, 2009. pp. 55–57. "Asiya Is Waiting for a Sign" and "Among the Midianites on U.S. 31," Tiferet: A Journal of Spiritual Literature,  Issue 7, Fall 2008, pp. 80–82. "Lifting the Hajar Heel" p. 84, Language for a New Century: Contemporary Voices from the Middle East, Asia, and Beyond, ed. Carolyn Forche, Ravi Shankar, Tina Chang, Nathalie Handal.W.W. Norton, 2008. "My Grandmother Washes Her Feet in the Sink of the Bathroom at Sears," "Hijab Scene  #1," "Hijab Scene #2," "Postcards from Hajar," Hayan Charara, ed., Inclined to Speak: Contemporary Arab American Poetry, U of Arkansas Press, 2008, pp. 171–176. "The Mihrab of the Mind," The Atlanta Review, Fall/Winter 2007, p. 37. "Sarah's Laugh II" & "Hagar's Ram," Tiferet: A Journal of Spiritual Literature, Issue 5,  2007, p. 15-16. "On Reading Marge Piercy," Natural Bridge, #16, Fall 2006, p. 55. "The Ladies on the Stoop" & "Balqis Makes Solomon Sign a Pre-Nup" Pakistani Journal of Women's Studies, Winter 2004
"Pears in the Time of Burnished Gold," in Bascove, ed., Sustenance and Desire: A Food Lover's Anthology of Sensuality and Humor, David R. Godine, 2004, pp.95–96. "Copulation in English." Paris Review #164 Winter 2002-2003, p. 76. Fiction
Novel, The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf 2006, Carroll & Graf
"Manar of Hama,"  "The Spiced Chicken Queen," Pauline Kaldas & Khaled Mattawa, ed., Dinarzad's Children: Arab American Fiction, University of Arkansas Press, 1st Edition, 2005. "The Girl from Mecca," Feminist Studies, 2012, Issue 38, pp 73–83. Prose
"Human Rights Is the Hand-Hold, Pass It On," ed. Carolina DeRobertis, Radical Hope: Letters of Love and Dissent in Dangerous Times.Knopf, 2017. "Human Rights First" Democracy: A Journal of Ideas Fall 2016 #42. With Maciej Bartkowski, "The Syrian Resistance: a Tale of Two Struggles" OpenDemocracy 23 September 2013. "Then and Now: The Syrian Revolution to Date," Friends for a Non-Violent World, Saint Paul, Minnesota February 28, 2013. "Lord, Make Me Not Oblivious," Anne Richards & Iraj Omidvar, Muslims in American Popular Culture, Praeger, Nov. 2013, pp. 425–441. "Purple Ihram and the Feminine Beatitudes of Hajj," New Geographies, Issue 3, 2011, pp 114–121."The Caul of Inshallah," Bill Henderson, ed., 2011 Pushcart Prize XXXV: Best of the Small Presses. Pushcart Prize Fellowships, 2011, pp. 458–461. Scholarship
Western Representations of the Muslim Woman: From Termagant to Odalisque 1999 U of Texas Press
"Writing on Muslim Gender Issues in the West Today: Slipping Past the Pity Committee," in Rabab Abdal Hadi, et al, ed., Arab and Arab American Feminisms: Gender, Violence, and Belonging, Syracuse University Press, 2011. "From Her Royal Body the Robe Was Removed: The Blessings of the Veil and the Trauma of Forced Unveiling in the Middle East," Jennifer Heath, ed., The Veil:Its History, Lore, and Politics, Berkeley: U California Press, April 2008. "The Silences of Contemporary Syrian Literature" World Literature Today, Spring 2001. "Politics and Erotics in Nizar Kabbani's Poetry: From the Sultan's Wife to the Lady Friend" World Literature Today, Winter 2000."Packaging Huda: Sha'rawi's Memoirs in the US Reading Environment" in Amal Amireh & Lisa Suhair Majaj, ed., Going Global: The Transitional Reception of Third World Women Writers, Garland, 2000. "Braiding the Stories: Women's Eloquence in the Early Islamic Era" in Gisela Webb, ed., Windows of Faith: Muslim Women's Scholarship and Activism, Syracuse University Press, 2000. Critical studies on Kahf's work

Harb, Sirène. "Arab American Women's Writing and September 11: Contrapuntality and Associative Remembering," MELUS (Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States). Fall 2012, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p13-41. Harb, Sirène."Perspectives on Violence and Reconciliation: Arab-American Women's Writing About September 11." Dissidences: Hispanic Journal of Theory and Criticism 4.8 (2012): 1-15. Fadda-Conrey, Carol. "Arab American Citizenship in Crisis: Destabilizing Representations of Arabs and Muslims in the US after 9/11." MFS: Modern Fiction Studies, 2011 Fall; 57 (3): 532-555. Sabiha Sorgun, "'Into the state of pure surrender': Spirituality in <mask> <mask>'s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf," 30th Annual Meeting of Southwest Texas Popular Culture and American Culture Associations, February 25–28, 2009. Albuquerque, NM."'Sex and the Umma: Sex and Religion Lived in <mask> Kahf's Columns," Martina Noskova, Theory and Practice in English Studies #4 2005. See also
 Daniel Abdal-Hayy Moore
 Marvin X

References

External links
 MacFarquhar, Neil. "She Carries Weapons, They Are Called Words," The New York Times, May 12, 2007. Kahf, Mohja. "Spare Me The Sermon On Muslim Women," The Washington Post, October 5, 2008. <mask> Kahf Biography, Living Islam Out Loud. "The Vigil" Poem performed by Kahf
 "Fayetteville as Fate" performed by Kahf
 "Rivers of Blood: No Metaphor" (poem)
 "Holding Fatima in the Light" (poem)
 "Song of the Fallen Protester" and "To the Free Syrians Behind Bars"
 “Syrian Americans and the Syrian YouTube Revolution” by Michael May, feature on Mohja Kahf

1967 births
American poets
American women poets
American writers of Syrian descent
Living people
Muslim poets
People from Damascus
Rutgers University alumni
Syrian emigrants to the United States
Syrian poets
University of Arkansas faculty
Syrian feminists
American feminists
21st-century American poets
American Arabic-language poets
American women academics
21st-century American women writers
American Islamic studies scholars

masks:
Mohja Kahf
Mohja
Kahf
Mohja
Mohja


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<mask> (born November 24, 1944) is an American politician, lawyer, lobbyist, and nonprofit leader. He served as the United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1995 until 2001, prior to which he represented  as a Democrat in Congress for 18 years. Following his departure from public office, Glickman led Harvard University's School of Government and Institute of Politics. He was Chairman and CEO of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) from 2004 to 2010. He serves as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center, where he focuses on public health, national security, and economic policy issues. He also co-chairs BPC's Democracy Project and co-leads the center's Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative. He also serves on the board of directors of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger, the board of Friends of the World Food Program and is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.He also serves on the Council on American Politics at the George Washington University Graduate School of Political Management. Early life
<mask> was born in Wichita, Kansas on November 24, 1944, the son of Gladys A. (née Kopelman) and <mask>. His family was Jewish. The <mask> family operated Glickman Inc., a full-service scrap metal operation, since 1915 and Kansas Metal, an automobile and appliance shredder, since 1994. Glickman Inc. was founded by <mask> and later continued and expanded by Milton and <mask>. With the death of <mask>, <mask>'s father, in December 1999, <mask> and his siblings Norman and Sharon Glickman carried on the family business until it was sold in 2002.<mask> graduated from Wichita Southeast High School in 1962. He graduated from University of Michigan with a B.A. in History in 1966, where he was a classmate with one of Al Gore's Chiefs of Staff, Charles Burson, and received his J.D. from The George Washington University Law School in 1969. He is married to Rhoda Joyce Yura, with whom he has two children: <mask> and <mask>. Legal career
In 1969 and 1970, Glickman worked as a trial attorney for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, then was a partner in a law firm, Sargent, Klenda and Glickman. Political career

Wichita Public Schools
Glickman's first foray into public office was as a publicly elected member of the Wichita School Board, which oversees the Wichita Public Schools (USD-259), one of the nation's largest school districts.Between 1973 and 1976 he served as President of the Wichita School Board. U. S. House of Representatives
<mask> was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives to represent Kansas's 4th congressional district in 1976, serving from January 3, 1977 to January 3, 1995, through eight successive re-elections. Election
In 1976, in his first congressional race, <mask> was elected to the House of Representatives as a Democrat from —defeating eight-term Republican incumbent Garner Shriver. Glickman held the office for nine consecutive terms. Issues and committees
Glickman was active in general aviation policy, and co-wrote the General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA) – controversial landmark legislation providing product liability protection for small airplane manufacturers (his district has produced most of America's light aircraft). During his congressional tenure, Glickman was also active in agriculture issues (his district's other major industry), and served on the House Agriculture Committee, including six years as chair of the subcommittee overseeing federal farm policy. He served as principal author of the 1990 Farm Bill and other legislation.While there, he lobbied for the position of Secretary of Agriculture under President Bill Clinton, losing initially, but winning the post after his tenth-race election ouster from Congress. In 1986, <mask> was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1986 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Harry E. Claiborne, judge of the United States District Court for Nevada. In 1993, he was appointed chair of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the One Hundred Third Congress, serving one term before his 1994 defeat. In October 1993, Glickman, representing a district whose second-largest industry was agriculture (particularly wheat production), voted for protectionism over free trade, restricting the importation of Canadian wheat. On "media freedom" versus "family values" one analyst reported that Glickman, in June 1993, voted to require that television shows have explicit viewer advisories. Glickman would later lead the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), which develops such ratings for motion pictures. In his final term, Glickman was Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.He held open hearings to bring the intelligence community's post–Cold War activities to light and began a committee investigation into the Aldrich Ames espionage case. Colleagues from both parties lauded his quiet, non-grandstanding, "careful and considered" leadership of the committee. On abortion, Glickman straddled the fence, generally accommodating abortion, but voting for the Hyde Amendment that restricted federal funding of abortion. In 1993, while on the House Judiciary Committee, he was absent from a key vote on removing most state abortion restrictions, and said later that he was unsure how he would have voted. Defeat
In the Republican-landslide 1994 congressional elections, known as the Republican Revolution, Glickman—in his bid for re-election to a 10th term—was unexpectedly defeated by Goddard  Republican Todd Tiahrt. Glickman later blamed his surprise defeat largely on his own pro-choice positions, which he said opponents used as an "organizing tool" to rally opposition against him from voters who were otherwise politically inactive. In a detailed review of Tiahrt's victory, the Chicago Tribune reported that Glickman's unexpected defeat was largely the product of Tiahrt's recruitment of 1,800 volunteers from churches and anti-abortion groups in their congressional district (which had become the center of the national anti-abortion movement), and from gun-rights organizations.Another casualty of the 1994 Republican congressional sweep was <mask>'s wife, Rhoda, who, for 13 years, had led the Congressional Arts Caucus—one of 28 caucuses soon to be defunded by the incoming Republican Congress. Post-Glickman era
, no other Democrat has won election to the congressional seat lost by Glickman. The court-ordered redistricting in 2012 shifted the Fourth District sharply westward, reaching into more conservative Western Kansas. Secretary of Agriculture
Following his congressional defeat, Glickman was appointed by President Bill Clinton to be the Secretary of Agriculture, where he served from 1995 to 2001. <mask> had sought the post previously but initially lost his bid to Mississippi Congressman Mike Espy. Glickman's 1994 appointment to the post followed Espy's departure under ethics concerns. Glickman's Senate confirmation was supported by a powerful Republican, Senate Minority Leader Bob Dole, from Glickman's home state of Kansas.During Glickman's tenure, he participated in implementation of the Department's controversial HACCP Program to control food safety at U.S. food-processing facilities, some of which was subsequently overturned in the federal court Supreme Beef case. During President Clinton's February 4, 1997 State of the Union address to Congress, Glickman was the "Designated Survivor". When Clinton's term ended, Glickman's career in government ended, but was followed by numerous leadership roles in related institutions and organizations. Post-government career
Following his departure from public office, Glickman held a variety of roles in civic-oriented nonprofits. He is a common media interviewee. Harvard University
After Clinton's term ended, Glickman became the head of Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, and later director of Harvard's Institute of Politics. Aspen Institute
Glickman became Executive Director of the Aspen Institute Congressional Program, a nongovernmental, nonpartisan discussion fellowship for public leaders.George Washington University
<mask> is a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center and the Council on American Politics at The Graduate School of Political Management at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., where he teaches. University of Southern California
Glickman is a senior fellow of the Center on Communication Leadership and Policy at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism. Council on Foreign Relations
Glickman is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, America's pre-eminent foreign policy think tank, led by several former U.S. Secretaries of State and other top former national security leaders. CIA Advisor
During President Barack Obama's administration, Glickman served on the External Advisory Board to CIA Director Leon Panetta. (Glickman, while in Congress, had chaired the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.) Center for U.S.Global Engagement
<mask> is Chair of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition, at the Center for U.S. Global Engagement. Refugees International
<mask> left the Motion Picture Association of America in 2010 to serve as president of Refugees International. He occupied the post for less than three months. Food and agriculture
<mask>'s political experience in agriculture led to several post-political roles, including:

 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy: In 2021, Glickman joined the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University as an Adjunct Professor of the Practice, teaching, mentoring, and contributing to the School's advocacy and public impact. Chicago Mercantile Exchange: Glickman serves on the board of directors
 Food Research and Action Center, a domestic anti-hunger organization
 National 4-H Council, Board of Trustees: The leading national youth agriculture-education program.Glickman favored the expansion of 4-H urban programs
 Meridian Institute: Glickman co-chairs an initiative of eight foundations, administered by the Meridian Institute, to look at long term implications of food and agricultural policy. Institute of Medicine:  Glickman chairs an initiative at the Institute of Medicine on "accelerating progress on childhood obesity." World Food Program-USA: vice-chair
 Chicago Council on Global Affairs: co-chair of its global agricultural development initiative
 Author of "Farm Futures," in Foreign Affairs (May/June 2009)

Other roles
 Communities In Schools, a federation of independent 501(c)(3) organizations in 27 states and the District of Columbia that work to address the "dropout epidemic"—one of the largest dropout-prevention organizations in the U.S., and one of the largest promoters of community-based, integrated student-support services. CIS identifies and mobilizes existing community resources, and fosters cooperative partnerships, such as: mentoring, tutoring, health care, summer and after-school programs, family counseling, and service learning. William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan, a not-for-profit, independent, research and educational institute dedicated to creating, aggregating, and disseminating intellectual capital on business and policy issues in emerging markets. It provides a forum for business leaders and public policy makers to discuss issues affecting the environment in which these companies operate. Advisory Board member for The Michigan in Washington Program at the University of Michigan.The MIW program offers an opportunity each year for 45–50 undergraduates from any major to spend a semester (Fall or Winter) in Washington D.C. Students combine coursework with an internship that reflects their particular area of interest (such as American politics, international studies, history, the arts, public health, economics, the media, the environment, science and technology). The semester in Washington is rigorous. Students work during the day, attend classes in the evenings, and explore the city on weekends. Motion picture industry
In 2004, the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) announced that <mask> would replace Jack Valenti as its chief lobbyist. <mask> served as Chairman and CEO of the MPAA from 2004 to 2012. When <mask> was named to the MPAA post, his son Jonathan Glickman was serving as President of Spyglass Entertainment Spyglass Media Group and produced such films as While You Were Sleeping and Rush Hour. A hallmark of Glickman's MPAA tenure was his "war on movie piracy", or the illegal copying and distribution of motion pictures.In an MPAA press release, May 31, 2006, entitled "Swedish Authorities Sink Pirate Bay", <mask>man stated

The actions today taken in Sweden serve as a reminder to pirates all over the world that there are no safe harbours for Internet copyright thieves

In the 2007 documentary Good Copy Bad Copy, Glickman was interviewed in connection with the 2006 raid on The Pirate Bay by the Swedish police, conceding that piracy will never be stopped, but stating that they will try to make it as difficult and tedious as possible. On January 22, 2010, Glickman announced he would step down as head of the MPAA on April 1, 2010. Glickman remains, however, a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which dispenses the Motion Picture Academy Awards (Oscars), and the American Film Institute. See also
 List of Jewish members of the United States Congress

References

External links

Congressional Biographical Dictionary entry

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1944 births
20th-century American politicians
American chief executives
Bipartisan Policy Center
Chairs of the Motion Picture Association
Clinton administration cabinet members
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
George Washington University Law School alumni
Harvard University staff
Jewish American people in Kansas politics
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
Jewish American members of the Cabinet of the United States
Kansas Democrats
Living people
Members of the Council on Foreign Relations
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Kansas
Politicians from Wichita, Kansas
School board members in Kansas
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission personnel
United States Secretaries of Agriculture
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Wichita Southeast High School alumni

masks:
Daniel Robert Glickman
Glickman
Milton Glickman
Glickman
Jacob Glickman
Bill Glickman
Milton Glickman
Dan
Dan
Glickman
Jonathan Glickman
Amy Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Glickman
Dan Glick


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<mask><mask> () is a professor of clinical psychology at Teachers College, Columbia University, U.S.A. He is responsible for introducing the controversial idea of resilience to the study of loss and trauma. He is known as a pioneering researcher in the field of bereavement and trauma. The New York Times on February 15, 2011, stated that the current science of bereavement has been "driven primarily" by Bonanno. Scientific American summarized a main finding of his work, "The ability to rebound remains the norm throughout adult life." In 2019, Bonanno was honored with the James McKeen Cattell award from the Association of Psychological Science "for a lifetime of intellectual achievements in applied psychological research and their impact on a critical problem in society at large" and by the International Positive Psychology Association for "distinguished lifetime contributions to positive psychology." Contributions to the field
Bonanno's contributions to the field are summarized in his books, "The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After a Loss," and "The End of Trauma: How the New Science of Resilience is Changing How We Think About PTSD."His contributions include the following:

 Introducing rigorous and innovative scientific methods, including the use of prospective research designs based on data before and after a major life event, to the field of bereavement and trauma;
The idea that outcomes following loss or potential trauma are more variable, or "heterogeneous," than suggested by traditional conceptions of PTSD or complicated grief. Demonstrating that outcome heterogeneity following loss or potential trauma can be captured by a relatively small set of prototypical outcome patterns or "trajectories." Demonstrating that resilience, defined as a stable trajectory of mental and physical health, is the most common, natural outcome to loss or trauma. Replacing with scientific findings the major concepts of grief that are theoretical, unsupported scientifically, but remain popular among practitioners and the lay public today, such as Kübler-Ross model of the stages of grief and the idea of grief work based on Freud's ideas;
 Using research evidence to argue that some practices common in grief counseling, trauma counseling, and among therapists after potentially traumatic events can be harmful. These practices include pressuring people to talk about a loss or potential trauma or to participate in therapy after these events regardless of their level of functioning. These practices are common parts of public policy and are based on the underlying assumption that people are not resilient;
 Showing that genuine laughter and smiling is a healthy response to a loss or stressor event; is protective;
 Coining the phrase "coping ugly" to describe the idea that coping with extreme life events takes many forms, some of which seem counter intuitive. Identifying the "resilience paradox" by noting that correlates of resilience typically exert such small effects that, paradoxically, it is not possible to accurately predict who will be resilient and who not after a major life stressor
Introducing the concept of regulatory flexibility  and showing how its primary components, the flexibility mindset and the flexibility sequence, help solve the resilience paradox
 Because resilience is natural, suggesting that it cannot be "taught" through specialized programs and that there is virtually no existing research to design resilience training nor is there existing research to support major investment in such things as military resilience training programs;

Resilience
Bonanno's research found psychological resilience to be at the core of human grief and trauma reactions.<mask>'s finding of resilience overturns what has been the status quo assumption of a person's experience of grief and trauma in the West since Sigmund Freud nearly a century ago. <mask>'s contribution to the field is to have found resilience through rigorous research and not through anecdotal evidence, theorizing, or simple but unreliable methodology. Many in the field of bereavement and trauma have found <mask>'s finding of persistent resilience in the face of potentially traumatic events controversial. Many therapists and psychiatrists, who tend to treat the chronically affected, find it hard to imagine that no treatment is needed for most people who have experienced a loss or even an extreme stressor event, such as during 9/11 or childhood sexual abuse. Further, in contrast to Freud's and his followers' ideas and prevailing popular theories, it is difficult for many people to accept laughter as a healthy response. Another difficult concept, especially in the face a potentially traumatic event when people feel pulled to help in some way, is to realize that offering treatment to otherwise well people can cause harm, by producing the symptoms they hope to avoid. Other critics have claimed the opposite, that far from being misguided, the idea that humans are resilient is so obvious that it is simplistic.Others have countered that it may seem simple, but the idea has escaped researchers for the century between Freud's work and <mask>'s. Policy and treatment for the past century has relied on the false idea that humans are not resilient, a costly mistake in human and monetary terms. That people are resilient even when facing extreme stressors or losses contradicts the stages model of grief. Many resilient people show no grief. They therefore have no stages of grief to pass through. Until Bonanno, therapists and psychiatrists considered the absence of grief a pathology to be feared, rather than a healthy outcome. Resilience has profound implications for people's concepts of themselves, especially after suffering a severe stressor event.The idea also has important implications for how the therapeutic community views loss and trauma. Bonanno has argued that universal counseling after potentially traumatic events does more harm than good, a point eventually verified by convincing research. Resilience being an inherent part of human experience after major stressor events also may have important implications for public policy, such as how to best treat veterans who have served in war situations and whether to counsel large populations after major stressor events, such as tsunamis or mass shootings. Trajectories of grief and trauma reactions
In 2002 and 2004, Bonanno described the most common trajectories of grief or potential trauma. This research was based on prospective data collected both prior to the loss or trauma and afterwards. In subsequent studies, Bonanno and colleagues identified the same trajectories following other potentially traumatic events, such as the September 11 terrorist attack in New York, combat deployment, and myriad other events. Contrary to common assumptions about loss and trauma, Bonanno's research may indicate that resilience is the most common pattern and that delayed reactions are rare.The most common or prototypical trajectories are as follows:
 Resilience "The ability of adults in otherwise normal circumstances who are exposed to an isolated and potentially highly disruptive event, such as the death of a close relation or a violent or life-threatening situation, to maintain relatively stable, healthy levels of psychological and physical functioning" as well as "the capacity for generative experiences and positive emotions." Recovery When "normal functioning temporarily gives way to threshold or sub-threshold psychopathology (e.g., symptoms of depression or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)), usually for a period of at least several months, and then gradually returns to pre-event levels." Chronic dysfunction Prolonged suffering and inability to function, usually lasting several years or longer. Delayed grief or trauma When adjustment seems normal but then distress and symptoms increase months later. Researchers have not found evidence of delayed grief, but delayed trauma appears to be a genuine phenomenon. Coping ugly
Bonanno coined the phrase "coping ugly" to describe his finding that grief and coping with grief take many forms. Behaviors that may not be healthy ordinarily may be helpful in times of stress, such as self-serving biases.Scientific study of grief
Before <mask>'s work, a prevailing idea was that grief cannot be quantified or studied in a scientifically meaningful way. Bonanno forcefully argued early that scientific study of grief was possible. The attitude of the field before Bonanno could be summarized by Tom Golden, a prominent bereavement expert who specializes in male grief. He said in 1997, "People who are grieving think that researchers are full of crap—and part of me says, I’m with you. We don’t have the tools to measure it yet, there’s no grieve-o-meter. We need to develop a sense of not knowing." "I think that’s a ridiculous statement," Bonanno said, heatedly, in 1997 in response to Tom Golden's remark."You can measure grief. People want to take a magical, mystical perspective, but it’s very dangerous to assume that they have access to a sacred realm that research can't touch, relying only on their own observations, feelings, and thoughts—things that are very unreliable." This sort of clinical criticism, he argued, is the result of a simplistic attachment to individual patients' life stories. "The criticism I most often hear is, 'Your research is very bad, because I have a patient who feels such and such.' I’ve studied hundreds of people." Innovations in trauma research methodology
Bonanno conducted multi-cultural research into grief and trauma, including studies in Nanjing, China; among war survivors in Bosnia-Herzegovina; and in trauma-exposed people in Israel and elsewhere. He has done multi-dimensional studies of emotion regulation, stressful life events, resilience, and adjustment among college students; survivors of childhood sexual abuse (in collaboration with researchers at NIH); survivors of the September 11th terrorist attacks in New York City, and many other events.Recognizing that any single simple measure cannot fully capture a phenomenon, a hallmark of Bonanno's research methodology has relied on several independent measures simultaneously. This ensures convergent validity of any findings. For example, his research studies often simultaneously use, among other measures, skin temperature, heart rate, facial expressions of emotion, empty chair studies, longitudinal measures over months or years, cortisol, genetic factors, physician and friend reports, and experimental tasks. Flexible self-regulation
Bonanno observed that coping and emotion regulation strategies were commonly viewed as being either consistently adaptive or consistently maladaptive. For example, emotional expression is generally thought to be adaptive while the suppression of emotional expression is generally thought to be a maladaptive strategy. In 2004, Bonanno countered this idea by demonstrating that “whether one expresses or suppresses emotional expression is not as important for adjustment as is the ability to flexibly express or suppress emotional expression as demanded by the situational context.” Based on this and subsequent research, <mask> and Charles Burton described that the belief that any single behavior or strategy is consistently adaptive (or maladaptive) an example of the fallacy of uniform efficacy. They also proposed that flexible regulation is not a single behavior or skill but rather consists of several abilities that unfold in sequence, later dubbed the flexibility sequence.The primary steps in the sequence involve (1) context sensitivity, the ability to read cues to the demands and challenges of specific situations; (2) repertoire, having a set of strategies that one is able to use effectively; and (3) feedback monitoring, the ability to monitor and modify a chosen strategy as needed. In addition, Bonanno later proposed that certain personality features foster flexibility by creating a motivational background he called the flexibility mindset. The resilience paradox
Although numerous correlates of resilient outcomes have been reported, the statistical effects of these correlates are nearly uniformly modest. As a result, it is paradoxically difficult to predict with accuracy who will be resilient and who not. Bonanno dubbed this the resilience paradox. Possible means of addressing the resilience paradox include personality scales that capture key correlates and advanced computational methods, such as machine learning algorithms, that capture multiple diverse correlates. However, neither approach solves the paradox.Bonanno proposed that any solution to the paradox must account for both situational variability and the cost-benefit tradeoffs inherent in all behavioral responses, and further that these factors can be accommodated by the concept of flexible self-regulation. Criticism
James W. Pennebaker's findings, very well supported by data, directly contradict Bonanno's claims on the harmful effects of retrieving bad experiences. One possible explanation and attempt to reconcile this seeming contradiction is the method for retrieving or reviewing bad memories. Pennabaker is known for his pioneering work in writing therapy. It may be that there's something about writing, rather than expressively crying in public, for one example, that helps rather than hurts a person's outcome. Writing may help preserve social bonds, which are crucial to maintain for good outcomes after a loss. Personal life
<mask> lives in New York City with his wife, Paulette Roberts, and their two children.References

External links
 Good Grief! by Emily Nussbaum (Lingua Franca article)
 Catastrophic loss, and the resilience of the human psyche (article on Japan earthquake, tsunami, nuclear disasters)
 Scientific American article The Neuroscience of True Grit
 Time Magazine article New Ways to Think About Grief
 New York Times article Resilience, Not Misery, in Coping with Death
 New York Times op ed piece Grief, Unedited
 New York Times Magazine article Repress Yourself
 The New Yorker Article by Malcolm Gladwell Getting Over It
 Project Rebirth Video Using Project Rebirth in a Clinical Psychology Course on Loss and Trauma
 Video <mask> on the Value of Grief and Grieving
 New York Times Personal Health Column article by Jane Brody Often, Time Beats Therapy for Treating Grief
 New York Times Science Page Article After a Death, the Pain That Doesn’t Go Away
 <mask>'s Four Trajectories of Grief in New York Times Week in Review Down and Out or Up
 Psychology Today Can Therapy Make You Worse? Psychology Today Spousal Resilience
 Psychology Today Bouncing Back
 Science News Good Grief: Bereaved Adjust Well Without Airing Emotion
 New York Newsday Article: Youtube, Facebook Memorials Help People Cope
 Los Angeles Times: Bonding with a mate changes brain chemistry, researchers find
 Smiling and Laughter in the Face of Terrorist Attacks is Beneficial
 Smiling and Laughter Must Be Genuine to Aid Coping with Grief
 Financial Times: Coping after a Tsunami
 Washington Post Article: From Wounds, Inner Strength
 Boston Globe: Inner strength: Between 5% and 30% of Hurricane Katrina victims are expected to suffer longterm emotional damage, but the majority will recover
 Norwegian Coverage of Bonanno's Work
 Why Cry? Evolutionary Biologists Show Crying Can Strengthen Relationships

Living people
Clinical psychologists
Columbia University faculty
Teachers College, Columbia University faculty
Hampshire College alumni
Yale University alumni
People from Chicago
American psychologists
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
George A
. Bonanno
Bonanno
Bonanno
Bonanno
Bonanno
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George Bonanno
George Bonanno
Bonanno


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<mask> (born July 6, 1946) is an American actor, radio host, screenwriter and former American football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played for 13 years in the NFL, in 176 games starting in 1969, and recorded 104 career sacks with the New York Giants and Los Angeles Rams. He is the only NFL player to score two safeties in one game. Following his retirement from football, <mask> had a successful career as a film and television actor, notably starring in the series Hunter. His height of  and physique are useful for his action roles. Early years
<mask> was born and raised in southern California. His parents were Charles F<mask> and Genevieve Nell (née Clark) <mask>.<mask> played football at Lawndale High School in Lawndale in Los Angeles County, California. College
Dryer attended El Camino Junior College before transferring to San Diego State University (SDSU). Dryer was inducted to the El Camino Community College Athletic Hall Of Fame in 1988 as a charter member and was the Athlete of the Year for his 1966 performance on the football field. Dryer was also a 1966 Junior College All-American. During <mask>'s junior and senior seasons at San Diego State, in which he lettered both seasons, the Aztecs had a combined record of 19–1–1. They were the College Division National Champions in both seasons. In 1967 they topped both the Associated Press and United Press International polls as #1.In 1968 San Diego State was voted the champions by UPI and North Dakota State University topped the AP poll, and thus the two schools shared the College-Division title. Dryer was voted the outstanding defensive lineman on the team and as such was the recipient of the Byron H. Chase Memorial Trophy. One of <mask>'s teammates was Carl Weathers, who played Apollo Creed in the first four films of the Rocky series. In 1967, the Aztecs allowed 12.9 points a game on defense, which is still ninth in SDSU history. In 1967 and 1968, the Aztec run defense allowed just 80.1 and 100.1 yards per game, still fourth and fifth, respectively in school annals after more than 50 years. <mask> was named to the Little All-America team in 1968 since at the time the school was 1-AA. Dryer played in the East-West Shrine Game in San Francisco, the Hula Bowl in Honolulu and the College All-Star Game in Chicago where the college stars played the world champion New York Jets.In 1988, <mask> was inducted into the San Diego State University Aztec Hall of Fame. In 1997, <mask> received college football's ultimate honor in being voted to the College Football Hall of Fame and is one of only three SDSU Aztecs in the collegiate Hall of Fame. When voted into the San Diego Sports Hall of Fame in 1998, he joined athletes such as Ted Williams, Dan Fouts, Dave Winfield, and Tony Gwynn in receiving the preeminent recognition for a San Diego athlete. NFL career
<mask> was drafted in the first round of the 1969 NFL Draft by the New York Giants and won a starting job as a rookie. He was the starting right defensive end from 1969 through 1971. He led the team in quarterback sacks each of those three seasons with 8½ in 1969, 12 in 1970 and 8½ in 1971. He was among the defensive leaders in other categories as well.In 1969, he tallied 58 tackles (39 solo), six passes deflected and forced two fumbles and recovered two. The next season <mask> was an alternate to the Pro Bowl but could not play due to a bruised hip. He was Second-team All-NFC after recording 59 tackles (43 solo) four pass deflections, three forced fumbles, while recovering two to go along with his 12 sacks. In 1971, he again led the team with 8½ sacks, and totaled 52 tackles (33 solo). He deflected two passes, forced two more fumbles and recovered two for the third consecutive season. After several run-ins with Giants management in 1971, <mask> was traded to the New England Patriots in February 1972 for three draft choices (a first and a sixth in 1972; a second in 1973). The Giants used the first round pick to select defensive back Eldridge Small.Because <mask> had not signed a contract for the 1971 season, he was eligible to become a free agent in May 1972. He refused to report to the Patriots unless they signed him to a long-term contract making him the highest paid defensive lineman in pro football. The Patriots refused to meet his demands and instead dealt him to the Los Angeles Rams for a 1973 first round draft pick (which they ultimately used to select fullback Sam Cunningham) and backup defensive end Rick Cash four days before he could become a free agent. This trade gave <mask> what he wanted all along—a move to a west coast team—and he agreed to a multi-year contract with the Rams. In his first year with the Rams he backed up left defensive end Jack Youngblood making only four starts but playing in every game despite a broken hand and broken nose. His primary role in 1972 was to come in on likely passing downs and rush the passer. He had 40 tackles (17 solo) and 4½ sacks.In 1973, <mask> started all 14 games on the right side and became the only NFL player ever to have two safeties in the same game by dumping opposing passers in the end zone twice in the fourth quarter. He ended the season with 10 sacks, 3 forced fumbles and recovered 3 fumbles (all three were second on the top-ranked Rams defense). After the season, he was a Second-team All-NFC pick by Pro Football Weekly. He finished the season with 39 tackles (21 solo) s passed knocked down, three forced fumbles and three fumbles recovered. In 1974, he had 15 sacks, which co-led (with Youngblood) the NFL (unofficially, sacks were not officially recognized by the NFL until 1982) and was voted the Rams Outstanding Defensive Lineman and was named All-Pro and All-NFC. Statistically, he had another solid year versus the run, totaling 49 tackles (34 solo) and two forced fumbles. <mask> scored his first NFL touchdown in 1975 on a 20-yard interception return against Philadelphia.After scoring his touchdown against the Eagles, <mask> promised that if he ever scored another, he would set his hair on fire in the end zone. Against the Eagles that day, he chose to celebrate by "rolling six", a touchdown celebration where the player scoring rolls the ball like an imaginary pair of dice with some of his teammates looking on. He ended 1975 with 12 sacks, behind only Jack Youngblood and was voted All-NFC. Additionally, <mask> played in the 1975 Pro Bowl, was a Second-team All-Pro selection as well. Statistically, Dryer was excellent against the run with 61 tackles (39 solo) and two passes deflection, two fumbles recovered to go along with the 20-yard TD interception. Due to rule changes in NFL offensive line <mask>'s play started to decline some. Always a small player, the new rules heavily favored larger players.<mask> coped with a 55-tackle, 5-sack season (33 solo). He did deflect two passes and forced three fumbles in 1976 which were along the team leaders. In 1977 <mask> adopted a new diet and was winning praises from NFL sportswriters for the start he had. He recorded 35 tackles (28 solo) and 6 sacks. He also knocked down four passes, recovered three fumbles and caused one fumble. The next season, 1978 was much of the same. <mask> was the starting right defensive end on the NFL's #1 defense.Personally, he had 51 tackles (33 solo) and forced two fumbles, recovered three, blocked a kick and blocked one pass en route to a Ram record of 12-4. He played in Super Bowl XIV when the Rams met the Pittsburgh Steelers after the 1979 season. That season, he was honorable mention All-NFC after recording 49 tackles (31 solo) 10 sacks and three forced fumbles and recovered one. Against the New York Giants on October 28, 1979, Dryer recorded a career-high 5 sacks. In 1980 <mask> split the time at his right defensive end position with third-year player Reggie Doss. They combined for 67 tackles (Dryer 31, 20 solo) and 12 sacks (Dryer 5½, Doss 6½). <mask> ended his career with 104 career sacks, although since he played prior to 1982 when sacks became an official statistic (he retired a season before sacks were officially counted) they are not credited in the NFL record books.Dryer played on a tough Los Angeles Ram defense that during the decade of the 1970s, allowed fewer points, fewer total yards, fewer rushing yards, and sacked more quarterbacks than any other defense during that time-frame. In January 1981, <mask> made the cover of Interview magazine, published by Andy Warhol from the late 1960s through the early 1990s and was considered the very essence of "magazine chic". In 2003 the NFL Alumni presented Dryer with its Career Achievement Award which is presented to former NFL players "For Getting to the Top of His Field". Record game

<mask>'s record-setting game on October 21, 1973, at Los Angeles was a 24–7 win over Green Bay. Down 20–7 in the fourth quarter, the Packers found themselves deep in their own territory when <mask> came storming in from the right side of the defense and chased down Green Bay quarterback Scott Hunter, dropping him in the end zone for a safety. On the Packers' following possession near their own goal line, <mask> attacked again. He looped through the middle of the Packers' offensive line and dragged backup quarterback Jim Del Gaizo down for his second safety of the game, setting an NFL record.For his efforts, <mask> was named the Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Week. Acting career

Prior to the start of his show business career, <mask> flexed his acting muscles when he helped cover Super Bowl IX for SPORT magazine. Fed up with the grandiose and self-important nature of the NFL's championship match, then-editor Dick Schaap hired Dryer and Rams teammate Lance Rentzel for this journalistic assignment. Donning costumes inspired by The Front Page, "Scoops Brannigan" (<mask>) and "Cubby O'Switzer" (Rentzel) peppered players and coaches from both the Pittsburgh Steelers and Minnesota Vikings with questions that ranged from clichéd to downright absurd. This became the inspiration for the eccentricities that surround Media Day at the Super Bowl. He briefly served as a color analyst on CBS's NFL coverage in 1981 and 1982. In the early 1980s when producers/creators Glen and Les Charles, and James Burrows were developing the soon-to-be hit sitcom, Cheers, <mask>, along with two other actors, was considered for the role of lead character, Sam Malone.Ted Danson ultimately won the role, but <mask> later appeared as sportscaster (and former Red Sox teammate of Sam's) Dave Richards in the episodes "Sam at Eleven", "Old Flames", "Love Thy Neighbor", and "'I' On Sports". He appeared on CHiPs as Lt. John LeGarre in the Season 5 episode Force Seven, a secret LAPD unit implemented for special situations. <mask>'s best-known acting role came in the 1980s television crime drama Hunter, in which he co-starred with Stepfanie Kramer, followed by Darlanne Fluegel, then Lauren Lane. <mask> also starred in the action-thriller movie Death Before Dishonor as well as Mike Land in the TV series Land's End (21 episodes, 1995–1996). He portrayed Sgt. Rock during his appearance on Justice League. In January 2009, <mask> was seen in a cable TV commercial for SMS research company, which obliquely makes reference to his NFL record of two safeties in a game from 1973.<mask> is also now a spokesman for the law service Injury Solutions. He starred in the drag racing film Snake and Mongoose, which depicts the rivalry between drivers Don "The Snake" Prudhomme and Tom "The Mongoose" McEwen and their groundbreaking accomplishments in the world of drag racing. <mask> played "Ed Donovan", McEwen's engine builder, who coined the nickname "Mongoose". <mask> appeared in the NBC series Crisis in 2014. In 2015, <mask> joined the ranks of the Marvel Cinematic Universe when he played the evil HYDRA leader, Octavian Bloom, in an episode of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. On October 23, 2018, he played a Vietnam veteran on the CBS show NCIS. <mask> was repeatedly referenced in the second season of the animated “Adult Swim” show “Frisky Dingo”.During an ill-advised presidential campaign, series protagonist Xander Crews seeks out <mask> as a potential running mate for the Vice President. The series shows an animated version of a real Dryer trading card during his years playing for the Rams and repeatedly references his titular role in the series Hunter. Personal life

Dryer has had a long interest in nutrition. In the late 1970s Dryer was consuming 70 raw egg yolks a week. He has since excluded red meat from his diet and eats chicken and vegetables. He married actress and Playboy centerfold Tracy Vaccaro in May 1983; the couple divorced in 1988. Together, they have at least one daughter.Dryer still resides in Los Angeles and has his own production company (Fred Dryer Productions). References

External links

1946 births
20th-century American male actors
Activists from California
American football defensive linemen
American male film actors
American male television actors
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Lawndale High School alumni
Living people
Los Angeles Rams players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League announcers
New York Giants players
San Diego State Aztecs football players
Sportspeople from Hawthorne, California
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California

masks:
John Frederick Dryer
Dryer
Fred Dryer
. Dryer
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Fred
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<mask> (Russian: Kozhemyakin) (4 December 1898 – 31 August 1989) was a Ukrainian engineer, bridge-builder and linguist. He took an active part in the 1917–1920 struggle for national liberation, fighting for the cultural, moral and political rights of the Ukrainian people. <mask> was born in 1898 in Novomyrgorod in the Yelysavetgrad (now Kirovograd) region, Ukraine. He graduated in 1917 from Yelysavetgrad as a teacher. While he was a student, he issued a magazine called Lisovyi Strumok ("Forest Brook"), in which he criticized the Soviet government. He played the bandura, wore Ukrainian national clothes, and spoke out about the events of 1918 in Ukraine. In Novomyrgorod in 1922, Kozhumyaka began publishing an illustrated magazine, Persha Lastivka ("The First Swallow").He took part in an agricultural community called "Rillya". Because of his sharp political views, he was fired from the position of head of Novomyrgorod School Number 4 and deprived of his membership of the Teachers' Union. He sought justice at the Yelysavetgrad Department of Education, and they sent him in 1923 to study in Odessa. In 1926 he got a degree in Social Upbringing, and in 1928 he graduated from the Language and Literature faculty in the Odessa Institute of People’s Education. His graduation paper was about Borys Grinchenko. Kozhumyaka was due to pass his state exam in the spring of 1928, but at night on 7 March he was arrested and sentenced to three years in Yoshkar-Ola. Nevertheless, he got his diploma: on his return he graduated from Kharkiv Autoway Institute.From 1932 - Linear engineer on highway construction in Cherkassy. In 1937 he was arrested for anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda and sentenced to ten years in the concentration camp in Samara, Russia, where he worked in the aircraft factory, which provided the front with IL-14 and IL-15 aircraft. He was so weak that he expected to die, but was saved because of his knowledge of cement production technology. He was assigned to work on secret projects: he constructed a radio mast to replace the Moscow one and built a huge underground refuge for the Moscow government, in case pressure from German troops forced their evacuation. After his prison term he was freed and became a paid worker. In 1949 Kozhumyaka was arrested for a third time because of his political views and driven to the eternal settlement in Krasnoyarsk Region. He did a lot to revive road-building in the Bolsheuluysky District.After Stalin's death he returned to Ukraine, and on 9 July 1958 the Cherkassy Regional Trial rehabilitated him. In 1954–1973 he worked as an engineer and road builder in Zla-topil and Novomyrgorod. The 417-km Cherkassy–Uman–Gaisyn road was made under his guidance. 1966-1973 he carried out projects and constructed bridges across the river Velyka Vys in Kirovograd Region, in places such as Velyka Vyska, Holovanivsk, Novomyrgorod, Haivoron, Martonoscha village, Kanizh, Panchevo, Rubaniy Mist and Korobchyno. Kozhumyaka took an active part in Ukrainian national life. He organized the construction of the monument to Taras Schevchenko by sculptor Ivan Honchar in the village of Lypjanka. He left several memoirs, photos and letters to his friends, famous people like B. Antonenko-Dovydovych, M. Stelmah, I. Romanchenko and V.Lazoorskiy.His letters are a record of his philosophical, political and national views. In 1969 he initiated a tradition of bringing March wreaths to the monuments to Taras Schevchenko in the Shpola Region. He exerted himself to publish works of progressive world literature and the UNESCO Courier magazine in Ukrainian. He made efforts to restore the ancient letter "ґ" (g) to the Ukrainian alphabet, uniting his friends and colleagues for the purpose. He also compiled the Autoway Dictionary himself. In order to maintain interest and to promulgate a clear picture of Ukrainian history, Kozhumyaka published his own historical research under the titles "Brick Miracle", "St.Mykola’s Cathedral", "Monument to Cobsar" and others. He also wrote letters to the Supreme Rada, the Writers’ Union of Ukraine and the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, demanding an end to language discrimination against the Ukrainian people and the distribution of politically important documents, including the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, "Internationalism or Russian assimilation?"by Ivan Dzjuba and uncensored poems by Vasyl Symonenko. Kozhumyaka argued for Ukraine to be recognized as an independent state and foretold its sovereignty. He believed that "an intelligent person is a light that should illuminate all the best qualities. He should lead and be an example of progress, justice, consciousness, truth and beauty". Kozhumyaka aroused the national consciousness of the citizens of Ukraine. His literary heritage is still current. In July 2007 a Museum to <mask> Kozhumyaka was opened in Novomyrgorod.Sources
 Бондар Василь. Винниченко промовляє до земляків // Літературна Україна. – 1990. – 22 листоп. ;
 Гончар Олесь. Щоденники. Спогади Олеся Гончара про Степана Кожум'яку.– К.: Веселка, 2008. – Т.2. (1968–1983). – С. 266–267;
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 Олійник Микола. Свята зріднила їх мета // Черкаський край. – 2000.– 24 берез. ;
 Орел Світлана. Український аристократ з "куреня" // Дзеркало тижня. – 2009. – 28 лют. – 6 берез. ;
 Орел Світлана.Юний Шевченко знову… в Новомиргороді // Слово просвіти. – 2010. – 13 лип. ;
 Пісковий Володимир. За круглим столом радіостудії // Червона зірка. – 1988. – 15 верес.;
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 Селецький Петро. Останній Міст // Молодий комунар. – 1988.– 14 трав. ;
 Суржок Микола. А як ви себе почуваєте? // Вільний голос. – 1992. – 2 лип. ;
 Устимів Б. Громада – великий чоловік // Народне слово.– 2010. – 1 лип. ;
 Багацький Леонід. Тарасовими шляхами // Козацький Iнтернет-журнал "Cурма". – 2011. – 24 січ. ;
 Степан Кожум'яка у пам'ятi очевидців // Спомини про Ст.Кожум'яку, записанi в 1992–1999 рр. ;
 Степан Кожемяка. Письма из ссылки // Красноярское общество "Мемориал". – 2009. – 29 мая;
 Книга "Планида Степана Кожум'яки". Сер. : Життя славетних / Упоряд.та авт. передм. Ю. Колісник. – Черкаси: Брама, 2004. – 224 с.
 Презентація PowerPoint "Степан Кожум'яка": Життя й діяльність / Упоряд. Ю. Колісник, В. Олексенко. – Черкаси: 2010.External links
 Stepan Kozhumyaka Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine

1898 births
1989 deaths
20th-century Ukrainian engineers
Linguists from Ukraine
20th-century linguists

masks:
Kozhumyaka Stepan Demydovych
Kozhumyaka
Stepan


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<mask>, also known as <mask> (August 7, 1829 – June 14, 1906), was a sportsman, author, and politician who served as a United States Representative from New York (1871–1873) and as Minister to the Hague (1888–1889). He was also a member of the <mask> family and an uncle of US President <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City to businessman Cornelius Van Schaack "C.V.S." <mask> and Margaret Barnhill. He had three elder brothers, Silas, James, and Cornelius Jr., and two younger brothers, Theodore and William. He was an uncle of President Theodore "T.R.<mask>, Jr. and grand-uncle of First Lady <mask>.As an Oyster Bay <mask>, and through his ancestor Cornelius Van Schaack, Jr., he was a descendant of the Dutch American Schuyler family. Career
<mask> studied law and was admitted to the New York State Bar in 1850. He commenced practice in New York City. During the Civil War he was an active Democrat, and a founder of the  Allotment Commission and the Loyal National League. His first experience in politics was in the organization of the Citizens' Association at the time of the Tweed Ring administration in New York city. For several years, he edited the organ of the Citizens' Association, the New York Citizen, at first with Charles G. Halpine, and after Halpine's death by himself. He was a founder of the Committee of Seventy, and first vice-president of the Reform Club.<mask> was elected as a Democrat to the 42nd Congress (March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873). Although the pressure of anti-Tammany Democratic organizations forced Tammany Hall to approve his nomination, he denounced its measures, and did much to contribute to the breaking up of the latter organization. <mask> served as trustee representing the city of New York for the New York and Brooklyn Bridge from 1879 to 1882. He was instrumental in establishing paid fire and health departments in New York City. He was a member of the Board of Aldermen of New York City. He was appointed by President Grover Cleveland as Minister to The Hague, serving from August 10, 1888 to May 17, 1889. He was treasurer of the Democratic National Committee in 1892.<mask> was an early angler and conservationist. He organized several clubs to restrain the indiscriminate slaughter of game. He is credited with influencing his nephew, <mask>, to become a conservationist. He founded the New York State Fishery Commission in 1867, and was appointed one of the three fish commissioners. He served as fish commissioner for 20 years, 1868–1888, without a salary. The reports of the commission were prepared chiefly by him, and led to the appointment of similar commissions in other states. For many years, he served as president of the Fish Culture Association, of an association for the protection of game, of the New York Sportsman's Club, and of the International Association for the Protection of Game.He was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. As a member of the U.S. Congress, he originated the bill to create the United States Fish Commission. Writer
<mask> was a popular author and a friend of writers such as Oscar Wilde. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Barnwell or Ira Zell. He edited Political Works of Charles G. Halpine, supplying a memoir (1869). <mask>'s nephew Theodore Jr. credited him with being the first to scribe the "Br'er Rabbit" stories (which had been passed down orally by slaves), publishing them in Harper's, where they fell flat. This was a good many years before Joel Chandler Harris published the stories in The Atlanta Journal in 1879.Personal life
<mask> was first married to Elizabeth Ellis (1829–1887), a descendant of the Livingston family who was the daughter of John French Ellis (1794–1853) and Eliza Glen Thorn (1796–1855). Together, they were the parents of:

 Margaret Barnhill <mask> (1851–1927), who married Augustus Van Horne Kimberly (1845–1927) in 1889. John Ellis <mask> (1853–1939), who in 1879 married Nannie Mitchell Vance (1860–1912), daughter of Hon. Samuel B. H. Vance, at the recently built St. Nicholas Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, Fifth Avenue and 48th Street, in New York City. Vance, who was active in New York State Republican politics, was a manufacturer who served as Acting Mayor of New York City for the month of December 1874. <mask> <mask>. (1866–1929) He purchased the Meadowcroft property at Sayville, New York in 1873 and it was later developed by his son as the John Ellis <mask> Estate. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.After the death of his first wife, he married his mistress, Irish immigrant Marion Theresa "Minnie" O'Shea. Although his children with Minnie were his biological children, they had been born prior to his wedding to Minnie and were known as his stepchildren. They had been listed as having a father named "<mask> Fortescue", and maintained the Fortescue name throughout their lives. Together with Minnie, he was the father of:

 Kenyon Fortescue (1871–1939), who became an attorney. Major Granville Roland "Rolly" Fortescue (1875–1952), who married Grace Hubbard Bell (1883–1979), niece of Alexander Graham Bell. Maude Fortescue (1880–1961), who married Ernest William Sutton Pickhardt in 1900 and moved to London. Pickhardt was the son of Manhattan millionaire Ernest W. Pickhardt and the brother of Baroness Irene von Colberg.They divorced before Pickhardt's suicide in 1909. In 1945, she married Brigadier General Richard L. A. Pennington. <mask> died in Sayville, Suffolk County, N.Y., on June 14, 1906 while his nephew was serving as President of the United States. His remains were interred in Greenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn. His large estate was left to his family,

Published works
 Superior Fishing; or The Striped Bass, Trout, Black Bass and Bluefish of the Northern States. Game Fish of the Northern States and British Provinces. Game Birds of the North (1866)
 Superior Fishing (1866)
 Florida and the Game Water Birds (1868)
 Five Acres Too Much, a satire provoked by Edmund Morris's Ten Acres Enough (1869)
 Progressive Petticoats, a satire on female physicians (1871)
Fish Hatching and Fish Catching (1879)

References

External links

1829 births
1906 deaths
American people of Dutch descent
Writers from Manhattan
New York (state) Democrats
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
19th-century American diplomats
<mask> family
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
Angling writers
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
People from Sayville, New York
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American writers
American male writers
Politicians from New York City
19th-century male writers

masks:
Robert Barnhill Roosevelt
Robert Barnwell Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Robert Roosevelt
Roosevelt
" Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Conservation Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Robert
Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Robert Barnhill
Roosevelt Jr
Roosevelt
Robert Francis
Roosevelt
Robert Schuyler


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<mask>. (February 13, 1912 – December 6, 2010) was a United States diplomat, most notable for being Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from 1957 to 1960, a post in which he played a major role in engineering the United States' response to the Cuban Revolution. Biography

Early years (1912–1947)
<mask> was born in Brownwood, Texas on February 13, 1912. His parents ran a boarding house. He was educated at Southern Methodist University, graduating in 1933. There he was a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity and in 1933, he became the fraternity's seventh full-time traveling secretary (educational leadership consultant) from 1933 to 1935. In 1937, he became dean of student life at the University of Texas at Austin. He married a student, <mask> of Corsicana, Texas, in 1938, and together the couple had three children: a daughter, Eleanor Ann (<mask>) Odden and two sons, <mask> and <mask>.During his time at the University of Texas, he also did graduate level studies from 1939 to 1941. In fall 1941, <mask> joined the United States Navy with the rank of Lieutenant (junior grade). He was initially posted to New Orleans, where he was responsible for recruiting and training. After serving additional assignments in Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico and Asunción, Paraguay he left the Navy in 1946, having achieved the rank of Commander. Career in the Foreign Service (1947–1957)
<mask> joined the United States Foreign Service in 1947. His first posting as a Foreign Service Officer was Second Secretary in Bogotá. He then moved to the United States Department of State in Washington, D.C. to become Officer-in-Charge of Mexican Affairs, and later Director of the Office of Middle American Affairs.He then returned to the field, serving in the United States Embassy in Madrid, first as Counselor, then as Director of the United States Operations Mission in Spain. In 1956, he returned to Washington, D.C. and became Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (1957–1960)
Upon the resignation of Henry F. Holland in September 1956, <mask> took over as Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. After many months, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles chose to nominate <mask> for the post, which was confirmed in the Senate after lengthy confirmation hearings. <mask> served in the capacity of Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from June 18, 1957 until August 27, 1960. Pursuing the Eisenhower Administration's Cold War policy of containment (as expressed in the Eisenhower Doctrine), <mask>'s chief aim as Assistant Secretary was to halt the spread of Communism in Latin America. In January 1958, <mask> gave an important speech entitled "Communism in the Americas" in which he warned that agents of the Soviet Union were increasingly active in Latin America and that the U.S. needed to be prepared to support anti-Communist forces in Latin America.The Cuban Revolution of 1959 occurred while <mask> was Assistant Secretary. <mask> initially believed that Castro was not a Communist, and in April 1959, the State Department greeted Castro as a "distinguished leader". At a January 14, 1960 meeting of the United States National Security Council, <mask> explained how the State Department's policy evolved from having a positive image of Fidel Castro in early 1959 through to deciding Castro needed to be assassinated by the end of the year:

In addition to discussions about assassinating Castro, <mask> was involved in discussions about the United States embargo against Cuba, which began in October 1960, two months after <mask> left the State Department. As Assistant Secretary, <mask> was supportive of moderates in the Dominican Republic who sought the overthrow of dictator <mask>, advising the National Security Council in March 1960 that an assassination attempt would occur soon. He was in contact with CIA officials about orchestrating the assassination, which eventually occurred in May 1961. Later years (1960–present)
President Eisenhower then nominated <mask> as United States Ambassador to Argentina; Ambassador <mask> presented his credentials to the Argentinian government on October 20, 1960 and served in that post for one year, leaving Argentina on October 19, 1961. <mask> spent 1961–64 as a faculty adviser at the Naval War College.He then returned to his alma mater, Southern Methodist University, as Vice President of Life (1964–67); Vice President of Administration (1967–70); and Vice President of Planning (1970–71). He then spent two years as president of the University of the Americas before retiring in 1973. In retirement, <mask> lived in Dallas. <mask> and his wife were active members of the Highland Park United Methodist Church. <mask> was also active in the Boy Scouts of America, serving as U.S. delegate to the World Scout Conference on four occasions and being awarded the Silver Buffalo Award in 1993. <mask> also remained active in Lambda Chi Alpha, serving on the Grand High Zeta from 1968 to 1976 and as a director of the Educational Foundation Board from 1977 to 1996 (and as its chairman from 1985 to 1989). The fraternity awarded <mask>om its Order of Achievement in 1988.After over 40 years living in Dallas, the <mask>oms moved to Austin in 2006. <mask>'s wife, <mask>, died on January 4, 2008. <mask> <mask> died on December 6, 2010 in Austin, Texas. Publications by <mask><mask> Jr.
<mask><mask>, Jr., "Communism in the Americas", Department of State Bulletin, Feb. 3, 1958. <mask><mask> Jr., "Toward Better Understanding between United States and Latin America," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 330, Whither American Foreign Policy? (Jul.1960), pp. 116–123. <mask><mask> Jr., "The Goals of United States Policy in Latin America", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 342, American Foreign Policy Challenged (Jul., 1962), pp. 30–41. Photographs of <mask><mask> Jr.
From Getty Images
From Life magazine

References

1912 births
2010 deaths
United States Assistant Secretaries of State
Writers from Texas
People from Brownwood, Texas
Southern Methodist University alumni
University of Texas at Austin people
United States Navy officers
Naval War College faculty
Ambassadors of the United States to Argentina
United States Foreign Service personnel
20th-century American diplomats
Military personnel from Texas

masks:
Roy Richard Rubottom Jr
Rubottom
Billy Ruth Young
Rubottom
Frank Richard Rubottom
John William Rubottom
Rubottom
Rubottom
Rubottom
Rubottom
Rubottom
Rubottom
Rubottom
Rubottom
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Rafael Trullo
Rubottom
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Rubott
Rubott
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Billy Ruth
Roy Richard
Rubottom
Roy R
. Rubottom
Roy R
. Rubottom
Roy R
. Rubottom
Roy R
. Rubottom
Roy R
. Rubottom


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<mask> (born November 11, 1967 in Paris, France) is a French-born Brazilian professional racing driver and team owner. De Ferran was the 2000 and 2001 Champ Car champion driving for Team Penske and the winner of the 2003 Indianapolis 500. He also finished runner-up in the American Le Mans Series LMP1 class in 2012, with his own de Ferran Motorsports. Early career

Inspired by the success of fellow Brazilian Emerson Fittipaldi, <mask>n began his career in kart racing in the early 1980s. He graduated to Formula Ford level in 1987 and Formula Three in 1991. Driving for Edenbridge Racing, De Ferran finished the 1991 British Formula Three season in third, only behind Rubens Barrichello and David Coulthard. For the 1992 season, De Ferran moved to Paul Stewart Racing and won the title, scoring seven wins in the process.1993 and 1994 were spent driving for Paul Stewart Racing in International Formula 3000. De Ferran finished fourth in the series in 1993 and then took the championship down to the wire in 1994, ultimately finishing third. In 1993, De Ferran tested for a day the Footwork Arrows Formula One team along with Dutch racer Jos Verstappen. His day was seriously compromised after he bumped his head while walking nearby the motorhome. His times also compared poorly to Verstappen's. CART

At the end of 1994, <mask>n was invited to test a CART IndyCar by Hall/VDS Racing. Despite the worries of the team's sponsor Pennzoil that <mask>n was not a famous enough name for their car, the team was sufficiently impressed to offer <mask>n a drive for 1995.With no top-line Formula One drive available, <mask>n took up the offer to drive in America. De Ferran won the PPG Indy Car World Series Rookie Of The Year award in 1995 by finishing 14th. He scored his first CART PPG Indy Car World Series win in the last race of the year at Laguna Seca Raceway. In 1996, <mask>n was a consistent challenger but only scored one win, at Cleveland's Burke Lakefront Airport street circuit. This win was also the last for veteran car owner and driver Jim Hall who retired from the sport at the end of 1996. Hall's retirement also spelled the end of the Jim Hall owned Pennzoil/VDS IndyCar team. Despite rumours that he would be a driver for the new Stewart Grand Prix Formula One team, <mask> remained in America for 1997, joining Walker Racing.De Ferran finished 1997 as runner-up to Alex Zanardi with ten top-ten finishes but failed to score a single victory. He looked on course to win the season opener at Homestead-Miami Speedway but was knocked out of the lead by Dennis Vitolo, who was a lap down from <mask>n. At the Grand Prix of Portland he lost out to PacWest Racing's <mask> in the closest finish in CART history. The expected championship challenge never materialized in 1998. Unreliability, driver errors and the inferior performance of the Goodyear tires compared to the superior Firestone tires all combined to leave <mask>n 12th in the standings, again with no wins in the year. In 1999, the long-awaited breakthrough finally came as <mask>n beat Juan Pablo Montoya at Portland International Raceway to take his first win since 1996 and the Walker Racing team's first since early 1995. However that victory would mark the end of an era as both Goodyear and Valvoline both left CART as major sponsors and suppliers at the end of the 1999 season.Toward the end of that season, <mask> and Greg Moore were signed to Marlboro Team Penske to replace Al Unser, Jr. and the rotating arrangement of drivers employed after Andre Ribeiro retired. However, Moore was killed in a crash during the season finale at California Speedway and <mask>n's fellow countryman Hélio Castroneves was announced as the replacement for Moore shortly afterwards. On October 28, 2000, during CART qualifying at California Speedway, <mask>n set both the track record and closed course record for fastest lap at . As of June 2020, this stands as the fastest qualifying lap speed ever recorded at an official race meeting. In 2001, <mask>n did not appear in Sylvester Stallone's film Driven along with his teammate Hélio Castroneves and his owner Roger Penske for unknown reasons. The Penske years saw <mask>n finally fulfill the promise of the earlier part of his career with two CART titles and an Indy 500 victory. His analytical approach earned him comparisons with Penske's first driver, Mark Donohue.He also garnered praise for his politeness and integrity: when Penske switched to the Indy Racing League in 2002, he did not criticize the move even though it meant he could not defend his CART title. In 2003, <mask> was injured during a race at Phoenix, suffering a broken back. Despite the injury, <mask>n passed his teammate, Castroneves with 31 laps left to win an emotional victory at the 2003 Indianapolis 500. It also was the second 1-2 finish for Penske Racing in the Indianapolis 500. Following his Indianapolis triumph <mask> decided to retire at the end of 2003. He won his final race at Texas Motor Speedway, although the moment was soured by a terrifying crash during the race that left fellow Indy 500 winner and Rahal-Letterman Racing driver Kenny Bräck seriously injured. Formula One managerial career

In 2005, he moved to the BAR-Honda Formula One team as their Sports Director.He resigned from this position in July 2007 after becoming "increasingly uncomfortable" with the team. In July 2018 <mask> was made sporting director for McLaren following Eric Boullier's resignation. He left the team in early 2021.

de Ferran Motorsports

On January 29, 2008 <mask>n announced that he would return to the cockpit and field a factory-backed LMP2 class Acura ARX-01b prototype in the American Le Mans Series, under the team name de Ferran Motorsports. The team began competing around the mid-way point of the 2008 season, with De Ferran running the team and sharing driving duties with Simon Pagenaud. Success again was immediate and de Ferran Motorsports took four front row grid positions, led six races and scored three podium finishes in just eight starts. 2009 saw another challenge when <mask>n Motorsports was chosen by Honda to develop the Acura ARX-02a for competition in the LMP1 division of the American Le Mans Series. The team scored five outright wins, seven poles, seven fastest laps and finished runners up in the ALMS LMP1 class.Return to IndyCar

Half way through 2009 <mask> announced his decision to retire from the cockpit at the end of the racing season, expressing his intention to concentrate all his resources on expanding his team, making public his desire to return to IndyCar racing as a front running team owner. Prior to the start of the 2010 IZOD IndyCar season, <mask>n merged his team with Luczo Dragon Racing, a team started by Jay Penske, the son of <mask>n’s former boss Roger Penske, and Steve Luczo, a successful technology leader and racing enthusiast. The new team was named de Ferran Dragon Racing and is the realization of <mask>’s ambition to return to IndyCar. De Ferran Dragon Racing, with driver Raphael Matos, earned four Top Ten finishes in its debut campaign and led 15 laps during the season finale at Homestead-Miami Speedway. In 2010, IndyCar also began planning for a completely new car concept, to debut during the 2012 season. Due to his technical knowledge, motorsports experience across different series and roles, as well as the widespread respect he holds within the racing industry, <mask>n was chosen by his team owner peers to represent their interests in the development of the future IndyCar. As part of the ICONIC committee, who created the concept for the future of IndyCar Racing.In 2011 de Ferran Dragon racing closed its doors due to lack of funding, having attempted to stay operational for the new season. Recognition

In July 2013, Autosport magazine named De Ferran one of the 50 greatest drivers to have never raced in Formula One. Personal life

De Ferran currently lives in Fort Lauderdale, Florida with his English wife Angela and children Anna (born 1995) and Luke (born 1997). Motorsports career results

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete American Open Wheel Racing results
(key)

CART

IndyCar Series

Indianapolis 500 results

CART career results

Indy Racing League career results

Complete American Le Mans Series results

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
American Le Mans Series drivers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Brazilian people of French descent
Brazilian racing drivers
Brazilian IndyCar Series drivers
British Formula Three Championship drivers
Brazilian Champ Car drivers
Champ Car champions
Champ Car drivers
EFDA Nations Cup drivers
Formula One people
Indianapolis 500 drivers
Indianapolis 500 winners
IndyCar Series drivers
IndyCar Series team owners
International Formula 3000 drivers
McLaren people
Supercars Championship drivers
Team Penske drivers

masks:
Gil de Ferran
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferran
de Ferra
Mark Blundell
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferran
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferran
de Ferra
de Ferran
de Ferran
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferran
de Ferra
de Ferra
de Ferran
de Ferra


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<mask> (born February 25, 1988) is a Colombian-American soccer coach and former soccer player who played as a goalkeeper. Currently, he is the Head of Goalkeeping for D.C. United, a Major League Soccer franchise. Playing Career

College and amateur
<mask> lived in Colombia until he was 11 before moving to West Palm Beach, Florida with his family. He attended American Heritage School, and spent time at the IMG Soccer Academy in Bradenton, Florida, before going on to play three years of college soccer at the University of South Florida. He transferred to the University of Virginia prior to his junior year, and quickly installed himself as the team's starting goalkeeper for Virginia, with whom he won the ACC Championship and the NCAA National Championship in 2009. During his championship season, <mask> broke school records previously held by Tony Meola for games played (25), minutes played (2348), shutouts (16), consecutive shutouts (11) and consecutive scoreless minutes (1176). He was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the ACC Tournament and Defensive Most Valuable Player of the NCAA Tournament.During his college years <mask> also played for the Bradenton Academics in the USL Premier Development League. Professional
In January 2011, <mask> signed a professional contract with Colombian soccer club América de Cali. He made his professional debut on Wednesday, August 31, 2011, in America's 1-1 tie vs. Pereira. <mask> moved to Venezuelan club Deportivo Táchira on December 30, 2011. He played 8 competitive matches for Tachira, 4 in the Venezuelan Cup, and 4 in the Venezuelan First Division. He finished the season as Tachira's starter. On March 20, 2013 the Tampa Bay Rowdies announced that <mask> had signed a two-year contract with the club.He excelled after being named the Rowdies starting goalkeeper, playing in 26 matches in all competitions. He was named the "NASL Player Of The Week" 3 times and to the "NASL Team Of the Week" 7 times in 2013. During the Rowdies' 2014 preseason training, <mask> tore his Achilles tendon and was sidelined for the entirety of the 2014 season. On November 6, <mask> announced he would be moving on from Tampa Bay. <mask> signed with USL club Charlotte Independence on February 24, 2015. During his short stay with Charlotte, he played in 3 matches, 2 in the U.S. Open Cup and 1 in USL league play. In June 2015, <mask> is transferred to Metropolitanos FC, returning to the Venezuelan First Division.On August 1, 2015, <mask> takes over the starting role at Metropolitanos, helping the team snap a 3-game losing streak. <mask> stays as Metropolitanos starting goalkeeper, making 16 starts in all competitions, including 12 league starts. <mask> joined NASL side Fort Lauderdale Strikers on December 31, 2015. He helped the Strikers earn their first win of the season, on the road in his club debut on May 7, 2016, 3-1 vs. the league leading Carolina Railhawks. The following week, he cemented his starting role with his first shutout of the season, in a 0-0 draw vs. the Indy Eleven. With <mask> in goal, the Strikers improved from 9th place in the league standings, to 1 point away from the Spring Season title. <mask> helped the Strikers reach the final 8 of the 2016 US Open Cup, and for his heroics is named lower division player of the tournament.Due to the dire financial situation of the Strikers, <mask> was transferred briefly back to the Tampa Bay Rowdies to finish the 2016 North American Soccer League season. He served as the backup goalkeeper for the last month of the Rowdies season. On March 9, 2017, San Antonio FC of the USL announces the signing of <mask> for the 2017 season. After week 5, when starting keeper Matt Cardone was lost for the season due to injury, <mask> establishes himself as SAFC's starter and goes on to have a record breaking season, leading the club to the best collective defensive performance in the league, recording just four losses and conceding 24 goals (21 individually). <mask> led the USL with 12 clean sheets, recording 69 saves, posting a 76.7 percent save success rate, and finishing as runner-up in the race for the USL Golden Glove with a 0.80 goals against average. For his performance, <mask> was named the 2017 United Soccer League Goalkeeper Of The Year, and to the 2017 United Soccer League Best Eleven. In 2018 <mask> lost his starting role due to injury, and he signed with Austin Bold FC on 17 January 2019.U.S. Open Cup

<mask> has had much success in the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup throughout his career. In 2013, he helped the Tampa Bay Rowdies knock out the Seattle Sounders, saving an Obafemi Martins penalty kick in the 84th minute to preserve the 1-0 result. In 2015, <mask> helped the Charlotte Independence attain their first win versus a higher division opponent, coming on in the 40th minute to preserve the shutout and 1-0 victory versus the NASL's Carolina Railhawks. In 2016, <mask> was the star of the Fort Lauderdale Strikers run to the Open Cup's final 8. He tallied a shutout and stopped 3 penalty kicks during the shootout win vs. the Richmond Kickers, earning U.S. Open Cup player of the round. In the round of 36, he held D.C. United scoreless during 120 minutes of play, and stopped a penalty kick during the shootout, helping the Strikers advance to the round of 16. <mask> was also a key performer in the Strikers 2-1 win vs. Orlando City SC making several vital saves in the match, and earning a reputation as an "MLS killer" in the tournament.For his impressive performances in the 2016 Tournament, <mask> was the "U.S. Open Cup Lower Division Player of the Tournament". International
Despite being born in Venezuela, <mask> has represented the United States at the youth level. He is a graduate of the USA U-17 Residency Program. In 2005, he was a member of the USA U-17 World Cup squad that participated in the 2005 Youth World Cup in Peru. He has also been a member of the USA U-20 National Team. Honors

University of Virginia
NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship (1): 2009

América de Cali
Copa Cafam (1): 2011

San Antonio FC
2017 USL Goalkeeper Of The Year
2017 USL Best Eleven

References

External links
 University of Virginia Bio

1988 births
Living people
Venezuelan footballers
American soccer players
Colombian footballers
South Florida Bulls men's soccer players
Virginia Cavaliers men's soccer players
IMG Academy Bradenton players
América de Cali footballers
Deportivo Táchira F.C. players
Tampa Bay Rowdies players
Charlotte Independence players
Metropolitanos FC players
Fort Lauderdale Strikers players
San Antonio FC players
Austin Bold FC players
Categoría Primera A players
USL League Two players
North American Soccer League players
USL Championship players
United States men's youth international soccer players
United States men's under-20 international soccer players
Colombian emigrants to the United States
American sportspeople of Colombian descent
Association football goalkeepers
NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament Most Outstanding Player winners
People from Mérida, Mérida

masks:
Diego Alejandro Restrepo Garcia
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
Restrepo
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