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Sir <mask> AO FTSE (born 2 January 1950) is an Australian businessman. He was first appointed to the board of News Corporation in 1999, still serves on News Corp board and also serves on the board of another of Rupert Murdoch's companies, 21st Century Fox, as well as the Herald and Weekly Times in Victoria. <mask> is chair of Lion and serves on the board of its Japanese parent company, Kirin. He is also chair of JP Morgan's Asia-Pacific Advisory Council, chair of Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, and a member of the APEC Business Advisory Council. He has served in other senior positions including as CEO of British Airways. Education and career

Coming from a country area where there were no high schools, <mask> went to Perth in 1963 to attend Christ Church Grammar School. He studied engineering at the University of Western Australia and graduated with first class honours in 1972.He continued his studies at UWA and completed the degree of Master of Engineering. In 1974, <mask> was the Rhodes Scholar from Western Australia. He completed his DPhil in the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford and played eight first-class cricket matches for Oxford University Cricket Club in 1975 and 1976. He was President of Vincent's Club in 1977. <mask> joined the Swire Group in 1979, working for its subsidiary Cathay Pacific, before being appointed Managing Director in 1992. Continuing his association with the airline industry; News Limited, subsidiary of News Corporation, appointed <mask> Chairman of Ansett Australia in January 1997, four years before the airline failed. News Corp had taken control of the airline with TNT in 1979.<mask> was appointed Deputy Chairman of News Limited in September 1998. He was further promoted to the News Corporation board in September 1999. British Airways CEO
<mask> replaced former BA CEO Bob Ayling on 2 May 2000. He removed many aspects of Ayling's corporate relaunch in early 2001: the unpopular ethnic-art tailfins were changed back to the traditional Union Jack tailfin. He steered the company in the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. which proved disastrous for many other airlines. The decision to permanently retire the British Airways Concorde in 2003 was made by <mask>, and his action remains highly controversial. <mask> stood down as chief executive officer of British Airways on 30 September 2005, after more than five years in the position.He then returned to Australia to take up a position as the head of the Victorian Major Events Association, succeeding Steve Vizard. <mask> was replaced by Willie Walsh in October 2005 after he had followed a six-month shadow position. Career as a company director

Past
In February 2006, <mask> was a non-executive board member of JPMorgan (Non-Executive Chairman For Australia And New Zealand); News Corporation (non-executive director of publicly-listed Delaware-based company); John Swire & Sons (H.K.) Ltd. (non-executive director); Rio Tinto Group (non-executive director of two publicly-listed companies in the group). <mask> also served on the board of Allco Finance Group, where he was one of three non-executive directors to approve Allco's ill-fated acquisition of Rubicon Holdings. Current

As of 2018 he still served on the boards of News Corp and 21st Century Fox. In April 2019 he joined the board of News Corp's Herald and Weekly Times in Victoria.<mask> was appointed to the board of Lion in March 2011, and appointed chair in March 2012. He joined the parent company's board (Kirin) in March 2020, and holds these positions . <mask> was:
chair of JP Morgan's Asia-Pacific Advisory Council;
chair of Infrastructure Partnerships Australia;
a member of the APEC Business Advisory Council; and
President of the Australia Japan Business Cooperation Committee. Government reports

Transport Study in Britain

On 1 December 2006, <mask> published a UK government-sponsored report into the future of Britain's transport infrastructure. The Eddington Transport Study set out the case for action to improve road and rail networks, as a "crucial enabler of sustained productivity and competitiveness". The report's main conclusions were that Britain has transport networks that provide the right connections, in the right places, to support the journeys that matter to economic performance. But roads in particular were in serious danger of becoming so congested, the economy would suffer.At the launch of the report <mask> told journalists and transport industry representatives introducing road pricing to encourage drivers to drive less was an "economic no-brainer". There was, he said "no attractive alternative". It would cut congestion by half by 2025, and bring benefits to the British economy totalling £28b. The report also called for a programme of improvements to existing road and rail networks, the expansion of key airports, and adoption of the general principle that travellers should pay for the external costs of the pollution and congestion their journeys cause. Transport Study in Victoria, Australia

<mask> has since delivered a report to the Victorian Government of Australia, the East West Link Needs Assessment report, which was met with mixed reactions. Economic commentators criticised the cost-benefit ratios of <mask>'s proposals, which on <mask>'s own analysis were marginal at best. Honours
<mask> is a Council member of the Royal Institution of Australia.<mask> received a British knighthood in 2005 for services to the aviation industry. In 2012 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) "for distinguished service to business and commerce through roles with a range of national and international economic, trade, infrastructure development and transport organisations", and was also elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering. In 2015 he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun by the Japanese Government for his "contribution to strengthening the economic relations between Australia and Japan". References

External links

 The Eddington Transport Study at the DfT
 Investing in Transport: East West Link Needs Assessment Report to Victorian Government, March 2008. 1950 births
Living people
People from Perth, Western Australia
University of Western Australia alumni
News Corporation people
Australian businesspeople
Australian cricketers
Australian expatriate cricketers in the United Kingdom
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
Australian Rhodes Scholars
Oxford University cricketers
People educated at Christ Church Grammar School
People educated at Perth Modern School
Australian Knights Bachelor
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
Officers of the Order of Australia
British Airways people
Cricketers from Western Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Chief executives in the airline industry

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<mask>  (born 3 June 1992) is a German professional footballer who plays for Eredivisie club PSV and the Germany national team. Although his favoured position is that of a playmaker, Götze has also played as a false nine or as an emergency striker. He played for Borussia Dortmund between 2009 and 2013, winning the Bundesliga title in 2010–11 and the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal double in 2011–12, and was a member of the team which reached the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final. In April 2013, a €37 million bid from Bayern Munich triggered a release clause in <mask>'s contract, making him the second-most expensive German player at the time, behind Mesut Özil. He spent three seasons with the club where he won a further three league titles, two DFB-Pokal trophies and a winners' medal in each of the FIFA Club World Cup and UEFA Super Cup. He then returned to Dortmund in 2016, where he added another DFB-Pokal title and a DFL-Supercup to his name. <mask> was first selected for the Germany national football team in 2010, at the age of 18.He was included in the squad for UEFA Euro 2012 and, two years later, scored the winning goal in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final. Club career

Borussia Dortmund

Early career

Götze is a product of Dortmund's youth academy, first entering the club as an eight-year-old. He made his Bundesliga debut on 21 November 2009 in a scoreless draw against Mainz 05, coming on as a substitute for Jakub Błaszczykowski in the 88th minute. During the winter break of the 2009–10 Bundesliga season, Dortmund manager Jürgen Klopp promoted Götze to the first team. He finished the 2009–10 season with five appearances. Götze took his chance and was an important player in Dortmund's Bundesliga-winning squad of the 2010–11 season. He finished 2010–11 season with eight goals in 41 appearances.In 2010, German Football Association's then technical director Matthias Sammer described Götze as "one of the best talents Germany has ever had." He played in the 2011 German Super Cup' losing to Schalke 04. In January 2012, Götze was diagnosed with a hip injury; cartilage in Götze's hip had inflamed under stress. On 27 March 2012, Götze signed a new contract with Borussia Dortmund, keeping him at Dortmund until 2016. His contract, however, contained a release clause from the club, triggered by a fixed transfer fee of at least €37 million. Götze spoke about his contract extension, saying, "Everyone knows how comfortable I feel in Dortmund. The club are far from finished with their recent resurgence.And I want to be part of this development." In April 2012, Götze made the squad for the first time since his hip injury but was an unused substitute against rivals Schalke 04. He played his first game since his hip injury when he came on as a substitute against Borussia Mönchengladbach. Götze won the Bundesliga with Borussia Dortmund in 2012 as Dortmund set a Bundesliga record by earning the most points in a season with 81, a record later broken by Bayern Munich in 2012–13. Götze also won the DFB-Pokal with Dortmund (5–2) against rivals Bayern Munich in 2012. Götze finished the season with seven goals in all competitions. 2012–13 season

Götze kicked off his season by losing the 2012 German Super Cup.On the first day of the 2012–13 season, he came on as a substitute and scored the winner against Werder Bremen in a 2–1 win for Dortmund. On 19 December, he netted a hat-trick, powering Dortmund to a 5–1 defeat of Hannover 96 in the third round of the DFB-Pokal. Götze provided an assist and netted a goal in Dortmund's 3–0 second leg defeat of Shakhtar Donetsk on 5 March 2013, completing a 5–2 aggregate victory over the Ukrainian champions as Dortmund progressed to the quarter-finals of the Champions League. The result meant that Dortmund had advanced to the quarter-finals for the first time in 15 years. <mask> was ruled out of the final against Bayern Munich at Wembley Stadium, London, as he suffered thigh injury against Real Madrid in the second leg of the semi-final, which his side lost 2–0 but still progressed to the final through an aggregate score of 4–3. His Dortmund side lost the final 2–1 after a late Arjen Robben goal sealed Bayern's victory. In his final season at Dortmund, Götze formed a formidable partnership with German teammate Marco Reus.Götze also managed to score 16 goals in all competitions. Bayern Munich

Signing
On 23 April 2013, it was announced that Götze was moving on 1 July 2013 to rivals Bayern Munich after the team had triggered Götze's release clause of €37 million. The transfer made Götze the most expensive German player of all time. Mesut Özil eventually broke the record later in the summer, transferring to Arsenal for €50 million. Dortmund coach Jürgen Klopp claimed that the reason behind <mask>'s transfer to Bayern was the playmaker's wish to play under manager Pep Guardiola, formerly of Barcelona. Klopp admitted his annoyance at the timing of the announcement of Götze's move, as it was barely 36 hours before Dortmund's Champions League semi-final with Real Madrid. Klopp later said that Dortmund had no chance of convincing Götze to stay with Dortmund, as he claimed, "He [Götze] is a Pep Guardiola favourite."2013–14 season

On 11 August 2013, <mask> made his Bayern Munich debut, coming on as a substitute for Mitchell Weiser in the 60th minute. Götze netted two goals to help Bayern get a 1–4 win against Hungarian champions Győri ETO in a friendly match. He made his league debut for the club in a Bundesliga home match against 1. FC Nürnberg on 24 August, which Bayern won 2–0. On 19 October, Götze came on as a substitute and made two assists to help Bayern from a one-goal deficit to get a 4–1 win against 1. FSV Mainz 05. On 23 October, Götze scored his first competitive goal for Bayern in a 5–0 Champions League group stage win over Viktoria Plzeň at the Allianz Arena.He also assisted Bastian Schweinsteiger in the game. On 26 October 2013, Götze came on as a substitute for Toni Kroos in 25th minute and scored his first Bundesliga goal for Bayern Munich with a header in a 3–2 win against Hertha BSC. On 2 November, he made his return to starting line-up in a 1–2 away win for Bayern against TSG 1899 Hoffenheim. On 23 November, Götze came off the bench and scored the first goal of a 0–3 away victory over former club Borussia Dortmund. He did not celebrate the goal out of respect to Dortmund. In the team's next fixture against CSKA Moscow, Götze scored the second goal of 3–1 away win in the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League group stage. On 7 December, Götze helped Bayern by netting a goal in the closing minute, as well as assisting Thomas Müller, in a dominant 7–0 away victory over Werder Bremen.On 17 December, <mask> scored a long-range goal in the 47th minute against the AFC champion Guangzhou Evergrande, helping Bayern win 3–0 and advance to 2013 FIFA Club World Cup Final, where he came on as an 80th-minute substitute. Bayern won the match 2–0. On 24 January 2014, Götze started as a "false 9" and scored his first goal in the second half of the season against Borussia Mönchengladbach, an 0–2 Bayern victory. On 25 March, he scored in a 3–1 win over Hertha BSC as Bayern were confirmed as Bundesliga champions. On 3 May 2014, he scored a brace and assisted two in their 1–4 away win against Hamburger SV. On 17 May, he played the full 120 minute match against former club Borussia Dortmund in 2014 DFB-Pokal Final. Bayern won 2–0 in extra time to win their second major title in the season.Götze's debut season with Bayern has yielded a mixture of success and frustration, scoring 15 goals. 2014–15 season

After helping Germany win the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Götze began the 2014–15 season on 13 August 2014, coming on as substitute in a 2–0 loss against Borussia Dortmund in 2014 DFL-Supercup. On 17 August, he opened his scoring account in their first 2014–15 DFB-Pokal win against SC Preußen Münster. On 22 August, he started and played for 62 minutes in their 2–1 home season opener victory against Wolfsburg. On 23 September, he scored twice in Bayern's 4–0 home win against SC Paderborn. On 18 October, Götze netted another brace in their 6–0 home win against Werder Bremen. On 28 October, FIFA announced that Götze is included in the 23-man shortlist for 2014 FIFA Ballon d'Or.On 22 November, he scored a stylistic long range goal in their 4–0 win against Hoffenheim, later voted Bundesliga goal of the week. On 14 February 2015, Götze scored his third brace of the season and assisted one in their dominating 8–0 win against Hamburger SV. On 28 April 2015, Götze was one of four Bayern players to miss in a 2–0 penalty shootout defeat to Borussia Dortmund in the DFB-Pokal semi-final. In May 2015, Franz Beckenbauer criticised Götze for poor performances and lack of determination in playing. After a couple of weeks, Götze's teammate Arjen Robben backed him up for all the negative criticism. "You need to make certain experiences as a player," the Netherlands international said. "How you cope with certain situations also makes you strong as a player.Criticism can be good for your development too. You need to fight through the situation." He finished the season with 15 goals in 48 appearances in all competitions. 2015–16 season
On 1 August 2015, he started his season by coming on as a substitute in the 84th minute. On 9 August 2015, <mask> scored with a goal in Bayern's 1–3 DFB-Pokal win over FC Nöttingen. In the next four games, he struggled to make a significant impact in the squad. On 16 September, <mask>, coming on as a substitute in 79th minute, scored the second goal against Olympiacos in the 2015–16 Champions League as his club earned a 0–3 away win.After the game, Bayern

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 coach Pep Guardiola praised Götze for his performance. On 22 September 2015, Götze assisted the last goal in Bayern's 5–1 win against Wolfsburg. On 29 September, Götze was a threat whole game and he scored a goal against Croatian champions Dinamo Zagreb. Bayern earned a 5–0 win. On 4 October, Götze scored and assisted a goal against Borussia Dortmund to help Bayern to a 5–1 victory. He scored six goals in 21 appearances during the 2015–16 season. Return to Borussia Dortmund

2016–17 season
On 21 July 2016, Götze confirmed his return to Dortmund, on a four-year contract.He also stated that he regretted his decision to join Bayern Munich three years before. On 11 September 2016, Götze played his official comeback in 1–0 loss against RB Leipzig. Despite the loss, he was praised for his promising return. Three days later, he scored his first goal for Dortmund since his return to his boyhood club, with his previous goal in a competitive game for the club coming in the 6–1 Bundesliga win over Greuther Furth in April 2013. He scored the opener of the historic 6–0 away win against Legia Warszawa in the Champions League group stage. After a long time of re-adapting to the Dortmund system, Götze managed to find his form when their side faced Bayern Munich on 20 November 2016. Götze assisted the only goal of the game, and earned a 1–0 victory.Almost a month later, he scored his first Bundesliga goal since his return to Dortmund in a 2–2 draw against TSG 1899 Hoffenheim. In February 2017, Götze was dropped from the Dortmund team with a mystery illness, identified in media reports as myopathy, a metabolic disease which can cause fatigue and weight gain. The illness was said to explain some of Götze's fitness problems over the previous several seasons with Bayern and on his return to Dortmund. He finished the season with two goals in 16 appearances. 2017–18 season
After his absence due to metabolic illness, Götze returned to the field on 14 July 2017 where Dortmund successfully defeated Urawa Reds 3–2 in a friendly match. On 19 August 2017, he made his first start in seven months in a 3–0 away win against VfL Wolfsburg to start their 2017–18 Bundesliga season; he assisted a goal, and played industriously. After the match, Dortmund's coach Peter Bosz hailed Götze's performance, but stated that he needs to be careful with his midfielder in order to gain full recovery.He finished the season with two goals in 32 appearances. 2018–19 season
On 9 February 2019, Götze scored his 50th career Bundesliga goal when he netted in a 3–3 draw with Hoffenheim and in doing so extended his record of never having lost a match in which he scored to 43 matches. 2019–20 season
On the opening day of the 2019–20 Bundesliga campaign, Götze made his 200th competitive appearance for Dortmund, coming on as a second-half substitute for Reus in a 5–1 win over Augsburg. On 23 May 2020, Borussia Dortmund sport director Michael Zorc stated that Götze would leave the club at the end of the season. His last appearance for the team was in a 1–0 defeat against Bayern Munich, three days later after his decision to leave. He bid farewell to the club at the Westfalenstadion prior to Dortmund's final match against 1899 Hoffenheim. PSV
On 6 October 2020, Götze joined PSV on a free transfer, signing a two-year deal.Götze scored on his PSV debut, a 3–0 away win at PEC Zwolle on 18 October. On 21 July 2021, Götze scored twice against Galatasaray in the first leg of their UEFA Champions League second qualifying round tie. On 7 August, Götze scored in a 4–0 Johan Cruyff Shield win over rivals Ajax, in turn helping to end Ajax's 17 game unbeaten streak. On 6 September 2021, Götze signed a new contract with PSV, keeping him at the club until 2024.

International career

Early international career
After ascending through several youth teams, <mask> was called up for his first senior match for Germany against Sweden, on 17 November 2010. He made his debut that day, coming on in the 78th minute in a goalless draw, substituting for his Dortmund teammate Kevin Großkreutz and becoming the youngest German international since Uwe Seeler. <mask> and André Schürrle, who came on simultaneously, are the first two Germany players to be born in reunified Germany. He made his second appearance for the national team in a friendly match against Italy on 9 February 2011.<mask>'s first goal for Germany was against Brazil on 10 August 2011; at 19 years and 68 days, he became the joint-youngest goalscorer for the German national team in the post-war era along with Klaus Stürmer, who scored on debut against France on 16 October 1954. He was included in the 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2012 on 28 May 2012. Götze made his tournament debut in a 4–2 victory after coming on as a substitute on 80th minute against Greece. 2014 FIFA World Cup

Götze contributed four goals in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying, and was named in Germany's squad for the tournament finals. Götze was named in the starting line-up against Portugal in the team's opening match, winning the penalty kick for Germany's opening goal on his World Cup debut. In the team's second match, he scored the opening goal and was named the Man of the Match in a 2–2 draw with Ghana. Götze played just 14 minutes in the 1–0 win against the United States, half of the Round of 16 win against Algeria and seven minutes in their quarter-final 1–0 win over France.He did not play in Germany's record-breaking 7–1 victory against Brazil in the semi-finals. In the World Cup final against Argentina, Löw substituted 36-year-old Miroslav Klose after 88 minutes with Götze and told him, "Show the world you are better than Messi and can decide the World Cup." Götze scored the only goal of the match in the 113th minute, controlling André Schürrle's cross on his chest before volleying the ball into the net, giving Germany their fourth World Cup. He became the first substitute to score a World Cup winning goal, and the youngest player to score in a World Cup Final since fellow German Wolfgang Weber in 1966, who was also 22. Götze was also named the Man of the Match. Later career

Götze featured at UEFA Euro 2016, appearing in four matches of Germany's semifinalists campaign. Having started every group game, he played just over 20 minutes in the knockout phase.Pundits widely criticised his performances for being nondescript. In the lead up to the 2018 FIFA World Cup, he played in a friendly against France in November 2017 after a one-year absence from the national team, but ultimately did not make the squad for the final tournament. Style of play

Götze is capable of playing as either a left or right winger, attacking midfielder and also as a "false 9". Götze was considered to be one of the best young players in the world, possessing speed, technique, dribbling skills and playmaking capabilities. In his first stint at Dortmund, under manager Jürgen Klopp, Götze often played different roles in the team's 4–2–3–1 formation. Following the departure of fellow playmaker Shinji Kagawa in 2012, during the 2012–13 season, Klopp assigned Götze as central attacking midfielder. For Germany, Götze's talent has been used by German coach Joachim Löw in the "false 9" role.In more recent seasons with Dortmund, coach Lucien Favre has also used Götze in this role. In 2010, German Football Association's then-Technical Director Matthias Sammer described Götze as "one of the best talents Germany has ever had." One year later, German football legend Franz Beckenbauer described Götze as "German Messi" for his speed and style of play. However, Götze's pace deteriorated before the peak age of an average professional footballer, and this was seen as one of the reasons for his second departure from Borussia Dortmund. Outside football

Personal life
<mask> was born in Memmingen, Bavaria to parents Jürgen and Astrid <mask>. His father is a professor at the Dortmund University of Technology. His older brother Fabian is currently a free agent, having left Dortmund's youth system in 2010.Their younger brother, Felix, currently plays for Augsburg. <mask> has been in a relationship with German lingerie model Ann-Kathrin Brömmel since July 2012. The couple were engaged in 2017 and married in May 2018. They had a son in 2020. Götze is a Christian. Health problems

In early March 2017, it was reported that Götze had been suffering from a metabolic disorder. The health condition was later found out to be myopathy, a muscular disorder which affects the fibres in the muscles, meaning they do not function correctly.Speaking about discovering the health condition Götze released a statement via the Borussia Dortmund official website which read, "I'm currently undergoing treatment and will do everything in my power to be back in training and helping my team to achieve our common goals as soon as possible". Sponsorship

In 2011, Götze signed a sponsorship kit deal with sportswear and equipment supplier Nike. He appeared in an advert for the Nike Green Speed II alongside Eden Hazard, Theo Walcott, Raheem Sterling, Christian Eriksen and Stephan El Shaarawy in November 2012. In March 2014, Götze was one of the first players to wear Nike Magista boots. Götze appeared as part of a Galaxy XI in an advertisement for South Korean company Samsung alongside Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, Wayne Rooney, Radamel Falcao and Iker Casillas in a team managed by German football legend Franz Beckenbauer. On 14 August 2014, Konami announced that they had featured Götze on the front cover of Pro Evolution Soccer 2015. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Götze

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<mask> (born April 30, 1963) is an American former professional stock car racing driver, racing commentator, and published author. He competes full time in the Camping World Superstar Racing Experience. He is the younger brother of three-time NASCAR champion and racing commentator <mask>. <mask> is a two-time winner of the Daytona 500, having won the race in 2001 and 2003. He is also a pre-race analyst for the NASCAR Cup Series and color commentator for the Xfinity Series and the Camping World Truck Series broadcasts for Fox Sports. He last raced in the 2017 Daytona 500, driving the No. 15 Toyota Camry for Premium Motorsports.Racing career

Beginnings
According to his autobiography Blink of An Eye, <mask>'s career started at age 12. When he was 12 he phoned his older brother <mask>, who was out racing in the 1978 Daytona 500 and asked Darrell to help him build a career in NASCAR. Darrell, however, claimed he had no time to help him and advised that <mask> focused on school. When <mask> asked his dad for help, his dad ignored his requests. With none of his parental figures helping him, <mask> built his racing career all by himself with influence & help from his older brother <mask>, who was very close to him in childhood. He began building a career by racing go-karts at carnivals and various racing clubs around his hometown. He won many races and, thanks to Bobby's help, was noticed by rising hotshot star Dale Earnhardt.When <mask> moved out of his house, he moved in with Kyle Petty and then he ultimately ended up living with Richard Petty as a roommate. When <mask> explained to Petty that he was going to try the Busch Series (now the Xfinity Series) to build his NASCAR career, Petty told <mask> he was "wasting his time" and advised that <mask> should immediately go for the Cup Series ride. <mask>'s stock-car career got off the ground in 1981, when he captured the Mini-Modified division track championship at Kentucky Motor Speedway. A year later, <mask> entered the Goody's Dash Series, where he won the series championship in 1983 and was voted the circuit's most popular driver in 1983 and 1984. <mask> made his Cup debut in 1985 in the Coca-Cola 600 at Charlotte driving for Dick Bahre. He finished 28th in that race and finished 57th in the series standings after just 5 starts. His brother Darrell won the race.At the same time, <mask> got confronted by Earnhardt, who questioned a previous move early in the race in which <mask> nudged him out of the way and Dale responded by flipping the bird. Despite this incident, Earnhardt and <mask> agreed to disagree over the move and remained friends. 1986–90

In 1986, driving the No. 23 car for Bahari Racing, <mask> finished second in the Rookie of the Year standings to Alan Kulwicki on the strength of a pair of 11th-place finishes at Martinsville and Pocono. The following season, he posted his first career Top 10 finish when he ended up 10th in Martinsville's spring race. In 1988, <mask> began running Busch Series events, making 5 starts for his brother's team. He took the checkered flag for the first time at Dover in his 4th start.In 1989, he had his first top-five finish in the No. 30 Country Time Lemonade/Kool-Aid-sponsored Pontiac. Crash at Bristol Motor Speedway
For Waltrip, 1990 was memorable for a horrific crash at Bristol in the spring on the 170th lap of the Budweiser 250, where he destroyed his Busch Series Pontiac Grand Prix. After making contact with Robert Pressley in the No. 59, he hit a gate that was in the outside wall at the exit of turn two. The gate was used to allow vehicles in and out of the infield because the track did not have a tunnel. The impact broke the gate, and <mask> went head-on into the end of the wall, disintegrating the car on impact and collapsing the car into itself.Onlookers were sure that <mask> was severely injured, perhaps fatally, because of how massive the impact was and his brother Darrell rushed to the wreck fearing the worst. Amazingly, <mask> survived the accident and he only suffered cuts, soreness, and bruises in the wreck. After Mike Harmon had an almost identical impact several years later (and also amazingly walked away), the gate was moved down to just before the entrance of Turn 3, thus lessening the chance of a car hitting it because cars are diving away from the wall at that point. Later, when asked about the crash by Ken Squier, he replied saying he had "some contusions and a little bit of confusion" and ended with "Hope we did a good job for Kool-Aid." Years later, <mask> said that at first, he thought that Pressley wrecked him on purpose, and thought about fighting him after the incident before thinking better of it. 1991–2000
In early race lineups, <mask> was referred to by broadcasters as "<mask>" or Darrell's little brother. It wasn't until 1991 that he began being referred to in racing lineups as <mask> (<mask>).In 1991, he gained new sponsorship from Pennzoil and won the Winston Open, as well as his first two career pole positions. He came close to winning the 1991 TranSouth 500 at Darlington, but a jammed air hose on his final visit to the pits caused his stop to last 37.4 seconds, costing him the victory. He stayed with the Bahari team until the end of 1995 when he was replaced by rookie Johnny Benson. He joined Wood Brothers Racing to drive their No. 21 Citgo-sponsored Ford. He won the 1996 edition of The Winston after capturing the last transfer spot in The Winston Open. After posting one top-five finish over three years, and missing his first race since 1986 at the 1998 Dura Lube/Kmart 500, <mask> departed the Wood Brothers at the end of 1998 to drive the No.7 Philips-sponsored Chevrolet for Mattei Motorsports, posting three Top 10 finishes and ending that season 29th in points. However, mid-season the ownership of the team transferred from Mattei to Ultra Motorsports and Jim Smith. The next season, Nations Rent replaced Philips as the sponsor & <mask> moved up to 27th in points but only finished in the Top 5 once, causing him and the team to part ways at the end of the season. <mask> would later say in his 2011 book, In the Blink of an Eye, that 1999 and 2000 were the most disappointing years of his racing career and he began to lose hope that he would ever win a Cup Series race. 2001–05
<mask> was hired by Dale Earnhardt to drive his team's new No. 15 NAPA Auto Parts-sponsored Chevrolet Monte Carlo entry, <mask> drove for Earnhardt in the Busch Series in 1989 and 1994. In his first race with the team, the 2001 Daytona 500, <mask> broke his streak of 462 consecutive Cup races without a victory and won his first career points-paying Cup race.His teammate Dale Earnhardt Jr. finished in 2nd. However, the win itself was largely overshadowed by Earnhardt, Sr.'s fatal crash on the last lap. In the movie The Day: Remembering Dale Earnhardt, <mask> said that Earnhardt let him in line late in the race, which allowed him to take the lead, noting that Earnhardt "never let anyone in line". This presumably is because Earnhardt wanted <mask> and Earnhardt Jr. to finish in the Top 2 spots, as both were members of his team. <mask> was not aware of the severity of Earnhardt's crash until over 30 minutes after the end of the race when he was celebrating in victory lane. Ken Schrader, after having been treated and released from the infield care center following the crash (his car hit Earnhardt's car during the crash), informed <mask> that Earnhardt had been taken to Halifax Medical Center,  from the speedway, where Earnhardt was pronounced dead at 5:16 PM EST. <mask> would later say in his book, and a 2019 podcast episode with Earnhardt Jr., that in the aftermath of the tragedy, he and the No.15 team pushed forward to continue Earnhardt's legacy, "Because we knew we had to." However, his results slumped in the aftermath of the disaster, and he realized after 6 races that he was "not in a good place." By June 2001, his crew chief, Scott Eggleston, departed the team and was replaced by longtime DEI director Steve Hmiel. <mask> did not have another Top 10 finish that season until returning to Daytona in July in the Pepsi 400, where he finished 2nd while holding off the field as teammate Earnhardt Jr. won his first plate race. Earnhardt Jr.'s Pepsi 400 finish was emotional to the entire DEI team and when Earnhardt Jr. did his burnout on the infield grass, <mask> pulled up alongside him. <mask> would later say to Kenny Wallace on his podcast in 2021, that the moment with Earnhardt Jr. in the infield was "even bigger than any races I've won, and I didn't even win." <mask> would also have a second-place finish at Homestead with Bill Elliott winning and finished 24th in the standings.The next season, <mask> won the second Gatorade Duel. His next top ten finish would be a second-place finish at Talladega, where he and Earnhardt Jr. combined to lead more than two-thirds of the race, with Earnhardt Jr. taking home his second of four straight wins at Talladega. The following week, <mask> finished tenth at Auto Club. He had eighth-place finishes in the Coca-Cola 600 at Charlotte and the first Pocono race, and fourth place in the first Michigan race. He picked up his second career win at the Pepsi 400 at Daytona. After a ninth-place finish at Watkins Glen, and eighth-place finishes at New Hampshire and Talladega, <mask> finished 14th in the points standings. In 2003, <mask> won a rain-shortened Daytona 500 and also took victory at the EA Sports 500 at Talladega (his only non-Daytona win), while running in the top-five for most of the season before falling back to 15th in points.Of trivial note, <mask> won the first three NASCAR on Fox races at Daytona (2001 and 2003 Daytona 500s, and the 2002 Pepsi 400) with <mask>'s brother Darrell in the broadcast booth. His Talladega win was also his only win at a NASCAR on NBC race. In 2004, <mask> went winless and dropped five spots in the standings. In 2005 <mask> only had seven top tens and one pole. It included a runner-up at Phoenix despite hitting the wall on the next to last lap. He had an incident with Robby Gordon at New Hampshire. After <mask> intentionally wrecked Robby Gordon and spun as a result, Gordon furiously tried to back his damaged racecar into <mask>'s.When Gordon failed to hit <mask>'s car with his own, he climbed out of his racecar and threw his helmet at <mask>'s driver-side door. <mask> repeated the words Gordon said the previous year in another helmet-tossing incident: "He just threw a helmet at my car." <mask> was fined $10,000 after he gestured at Gordon for the damage on his car from the helmet, but he and Teresa Earnhardt appealed and the fine was overturned after a short investigation proved the charge false. Gordon however was fined $50,000 and put on probation for the rest of the year after he was discovered to have said "You know everybody thinks <mask> is this good guy. He's not the guy he acts he is. The caution was out, and he wrecked me, and he's a piece of shit." <mask> and Gordon conferred later on, apologized, and continued their careers.After the 2005 season, <mask> left DEI for Bill Davis Racing. 2006–present

2006

On January 20, 2006, <mask> and Doug Bawel, who owned Penske Racing's No. 77 car in 2005, announced the forming of Waltrip-Jasper Racing. Because <mask> was under contract with Bill Davis Racing, they reached a deal with BDR to oversee and supply the new team. Waltrip-Jasper fielded the No. 55 NAPA Auto Parts Dodge in the 2006 Nextel Cup Series, driven by <mask>, with Bawel as listed owner, and Davis as a team executive. Bawel had a guaranteed starting spot in the first five races of 2006 by the No.77 finishing 34th in the 2005 owner points, although Bawel was shutting down his team and needed a driver to pick up his team's owner points. This arrangement enabled <mask> to make the first five races in 2006 without qualifying on time. After the first five races, this was unnecessary. <mask> failed to qualify for the first time since 1998 at the Coca-Cola 600. He bought a slot from the No. 74 McGlynn Racing Dodge from Derrike Cope to drive in the race and to keep his streak of 262 consecutive races. <mask> ended up missing three races total in 2006 and did not have a top-ten finish.This was attributable to BDR's lawsuit with Dodge, which meant the team did not receive manufacturer support for <mask> or teammate Dave Blaney. <mask> left Bill Davis Racing to form his own Nextel Cup team in 2007. 2007
<mask> moved his Busch Series team, Michael Waltrip Racing, to the Cup Series full-time for the 2007 season. He hired Dale Jarrett and David Reutimann to race in the three-car operation. Reutimann in the No. 00, Jarrett in the No. 44, and <mask> in the No.55. <mask> was listed as the owner of the No. 44 and No. 55, while his wife Buffy was listed as the owner of the No. 00. After the first round of qualifying for the 2007 Daytona 500, NASCAR inspectors found evidence in the engine intake manifold that <mask>, Reutimann, and Jarrett's teams had used an illegal unspecified oxygenate fuel additive to increase performance. NASCAR confiscated the cars, forcing <mask>, Reutimann, and Jarrett to move to back-up cars for the Daytona 500.On February 14, 2007, NASCAR officials announced at a press conference the penalties that would be levied: Bobby Kennedy (Director of Competition for <mask>rip Racing) and David Hyder (Waltrip's crew chief) were removed from Daytona International Speedway, and suspended indefinitely. David Hyder was also fined $100,000 and was placed on a leave of absence, eventually to be released by the team in April. <mask>, Reutimann, and Jarrett were docked 100 driver points and <mask> and Buffy were docked 100 owner points each. <mask>, Reutimann, and Jarrett's initial qualifying times were disallowed, but <mask> and Reutimann were permitted to attempt to qualify by racing a backup car in their Gatorade Duel's qualifying race for the Daytona 500. Jarrett would qualify using his Past Champions provisional from his 1999 title, but was also permitted to race a backup car in his Gatorade Duel. <mask>'s interim crew chief was announced as Scott Eggleston, who was <mask>'s former crew chief in 2001. After a 30th-place finish in the Daytona 500, <mask> became the first driver in series history to go into the second race of the season with a negative number of points (−27).<mask> failed to qualify for the next eleven races following the Daytona 500, so he maintained his negative point total for almost 4 months. He qualified for the thirteenth race of the season at Dover and finished 28th, moving his point total above zero to 52 points. On Saturday, April 7, 2007 he fell asleep behind the wheel of his Toyota Land Cruiser which overturned and hit a utility pole. <mask> crawled out from the car suffering only minor cuts. There was no Nextel Cup race held that weekend. He was charged with reckless driving and failing to report an accident. After failing to qualify for the Pocono 500 in June, <mask> bounced back the following week by finishing 10th at the Citizens Bank 400 in Michigan.During the summer, <mask> decided to make changes to the No. 00 and No. 55, which both sat outside the top 35 in owners points. He hired Terry Labonte, who held an automatic qualifying spot with his Past Champions provisional from titles in 1984 and 1996, to take over <mask>'s No. 55 at Infineon Raceway, Watkins Glen International, and Indianapolis Motor Speedway. <mask> also hired P. J. Jones, a road course ringer, to take over David Reutimann's No. 00 at Infineon and Watkins Glen.In October 2007, before the 2007 Bank of America 500. Dale Jarrett announced his retirement from points racing after the 2008 Food City 500, <mask> decided to put David Reutimann (No. 00 driver) to take over the No. 44. Jarrett's final race was the All-Star race in May 2008. On October 6, 2007, <mask> won the pole for the UAW-Ford 500 at Talladega Superspeedway, the first restrictor-plate race to be run with the Car of Tomorrow. He finished 25th after a wreck but bounced back the next week at Charlotte Motor Speedway with his second top-10 finish of the season.2008

In 2008, Michael Waltrip Racing changed following the disappointing 2007 campaign. <mask> welcomed business owner Robert Kaufmann, owner/founder of the Fortress Investment Group and was made an equal partner and got more aid with real estate developer Johnny Harris buying into the team during the 2007 off-season. Former Cup owner Cal Wells was brought to MWR to oversee day-to-day operations, Dale Jarrett No. 44 retiring from points racing after the 2008 Food City 500, David Reutimann starting the season in the No. 00 then taking over Jarrett's No. 44, while <mask> took over Reutimann's No. 00.<mask> entered three full-time cars for 2008 David Reutimann/<mask>/Mike Skinner/Kenny Wallace/A. J. Allmendinger and Mike Bliss No. 00, Dale Jarrett/David ReutimannNo. 44 and <mask> No. 55. On February 10, 2008, <mask> qualified second for the 50th running of the Daytona 500, which guaranteed him a second-place start in the race. <mask> started the race with "gold wheels" on his car in tribute to the golden anniversary of the Daytona 500; after the race, the wheels were signed and sold to benefit NASCAR charities.After leading the first two laps, he was not a factor in the race and finished 26th. <mask> finished second at New Hampshire's Lenox Industrial Tools 301. He made his 1,000th NASCAR touring series start at Atlanta

masks:
Michael Curtis Waltrip
Darrell Waltrip
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 in October. He is second to Richard Petty in most career starts spanning all of the top divisions in NASCAR. However, <mask> struggled to keep the car in the Top 35 in owner points, which is necessary for automatic qualification into each race, and <mask> replaced him with Mike Skinner, Kenny Wallace, A. J. Allmendinger and Mike Bliss to reclaim a Top 35 spot. In October 2008, MWR transferred its third team to the No. 47 Toyota of JTG Daugherty Racing, driven by Marcos Ambrose, and discontinued the No.00 team for the balance of the season. At the end of 2008 MWR sold the No. 44 to Richard Petty Motorsports and contracted to two cars with David Reutimann moving back to the No. 00, <mask> in the No. 55. 2009

Waltrip entered two full-time cars for 2009 David Reutimann No. 00, Waltrip No.55. In early 2009, <mask> announced that he would be sharing the No. 99 NNS Aaron's dream machine with David Reutimann and Scott Speed during the season. On May 25, 2009, <mask> scored his first win as an owner in Sprint Cup Series competition in the Coca-Cola 600, with David Reutimann winning the event. In the 2009 season, <mask> garnered two top-ten finishes (Daytona and Talladega) He came within a few laps of winning his third Daytona 500 as he was moving forward when the race was called for rain. He ended up seventh. <mask> decided to skip the road courses (Infineon Raceway and Watkins Glen International) handing it over to Patrick Carpentier to get the No.55 back in the top 35 owners points. On July 7, 2009, <mask> announced he would be driving part-time in the 2010 season starting with the Daytona 500. <mask> also announced Martin Truex Jr. will take over <mask>'s car as the No. 56 NAPA Auto Parts Toyota full-time in 2010, using the No. 55 owners points. 2010
In 2010, <mask> announced that he would only be racing at the Daytona 500 unless more sponsorship was found; <mask> drove the No. 51 for the 2010 Daytona 500.<mask> entered two full-time cars for 2010 No. 00 David Reutimann and No. 56 Martin Truex Jr., with Reutimann and Truex Jr. running the full schedule, <mask> ran 6 races Daytona 500 (No. 51 MWR), Food City 500 (No. 55 Prism), Aaron's 499 (No. 55 Prism), Heluva Good! Sour Cream Dips 400 (No.55 Prism), Toyota/Save Mart 350 (No. 55 Prism), and AMP Energy Juice 500 (No. 55 MWR). <mask> qualified 21st on Daytona Pole qualifying day. This was not fast enough to get in the race on speed, however. He then wrecked out of the first qualifying race. <mask> was able to gain a spot in the starting grid when driver Scott Speed raced to make the 500 using his qualifying time in the second qualifying race, giving <mask> the 43rd place starting position.He finished in a respectable 18th place. Since then, <mask> has started the No. 55 Prism Motorsports entry at Bristol, finishing 41st. <mask> qualified for the Aaron's 499 at Talladega Superspeedway and raced his way to the lead early, but wound up finishing 39th after "The Big One" on lap 84 of the race. It was announced in May that <mask> would pilot the Toyota Sponsafier winning paint scheme on June 20 at Infineon Raceway in Sonoma, CA, but he failed to qualify. <mask> also ran the Amp Energy 500 in a Michael Waltrip Racing fielded No. 55 Toyota where he would lead three laps and finish 28th.<mask> and his business partner Rob Kaufmann have entered various GT endurance races, participating in the Dubai 24 Hours and also the 24 Hours of Spa, driving a Ferrari F430 GTE for the Italian team AF Corse in both races. <mask>, Kaufmann, and the AF Corse team finished 5th overall and 3rd in class at Spa, clinching a podium spot. 2011
In 2011, <mask> announced that he would attempt to make his 25th consecutive Daytona 500 start driving the No. 15. <mask> retained his drivers for 2011 No. 00 David Reutimann in the No. 00 and No.56 Martin Truex, Jr. in the No. 56, both of whom would run the full schedule. As well as the Daytona 500, <mask> ran three races that year: the Aaron's 499, the Quaker State 400, and the Good Sam Club 500. Aside from the Sprint Cup event at Daytona, <mask> also competed in the Camping World Truck Series and Nationwide Series races there. He captured an emotional win in the NextEra Energy Resources 250, which came 10 years to the day of the death of Dale Earnhardt and his first Sprint Cup Series victory. The victory also made <mask> the 22nd driver to win a race in all three NASCAR national touring series. He followed up his Friday night win with a solid 9th-place finish in the Nationwide Series race the next day.On Sunday afternoon, as part of the commemoration of the tenth anniversary of Dale Earnhardt's death in the 2001 Daytona 500,  (which <mask> won) <mask> drove a replica of the No. 15 NAPA Auto Parts-sponsored car that he drove at the time. However, <mask> finished 40th in the race after getting caught up in an early wreck that eliminated 14 cars. For the rest of 2011, <mask> said he was working on plans to attempt the Sprint Cup Inaugural event at Kentucky Speedway in July, along with his first Le Mans start with AF Corse. He ran in the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans in June in one of the AF Corse entered Ferraris. The car he co-drove with Robert Kauffman and Rui Águas completed 178 laps before retiring, finishing 38th overall. On September 29, 2011, it was announced that <mask> would be replacing Jeff Hammond in the FOX's Hollywood Hotel on NASCAR on Fox beginning with the Daytona 500 in 2012 with Chris Myers and his brother <mask>.At the end of 2011, <mask> hired Clint Bowyer to drive the No. 15 in 2012. On November 4, 2011, MWR announced that David Reutimann would not return as driver of the No. 00 for 2012 so <mask> changed the number to No. 55 in honor of Aaron's 1955 founding and he hired Mark Martin and Brian Vickers to co-drive with <mask> in 2012 and 2013

2012
In January, he was confirmed as a driver for AF Corse Ferrari in the inaugural season of the FIA World Endurance Championship. Four weeks before the Daytona 500, <mask> and Rob Kaufmann entered the 2012 Rolex 24 at Daytona. After a series of mechanical problems and off course excursions, <mask>, Rob Kaufmann, Rui Águas, and Travis Pastrana never gave up and pressed on to finish 22nd in GT and 35th overall.In early February it was announced that <mask> would attempt to qualify for the 2012 Daytona 500 for Hillman Racing, driving the No. 40 Toyota with sponsorship from Aaron's. He failed to qualify for the race, crashing in a single-car incident in the first Gatorade Duel race. On May 6, <mask> qualified for the 2012 Aarons 499 at Talladega Superspeedway and led several laps before finishing 19th. He also qualified for the fall Talladega race. On the last lap, <mask> was running 5th when he jumped to the bottom lane and made a move for the lead to try to win heading into turn 4 with drafting help from Casey Mears. In turn 4, Tony Stewart tried to block <mask> but underestimated <mask>'s speed.<mask> tapped Stewart, and went up into the tightly bunched pack, collecting 23 cars, while Stewart flipped over once and slid on his side airborne and pushed by the wrecking field. <mask> finished 25th. 2013

<mask> entered the 2013 Daytona 500 driving the No. 30 Toyota for Swan Racing, which was changed for Daytona to the No. 26 as a charity car to raise funds for victims of the Newtown, Connecticut shooting. At his Budweiser Duel, <mask> ran as high as close to the front but faded back in the final laps. He ultimately finished 15th, but it was enough to grab the final transfer spot for the Daytona 500.At the Great American Race, <mask> led four laps and finished 22nd in the race. He also finished in the top 5 at all other races (3 others) too. In his first race in the No. 55 for the season at Talladega, <mask> finished fourth. He also ran at Daytona in July and finished 5th. On September 12, 2013, NASCAR penalized <mask> Racing for intentionally manipulating the outcome of the Federated Auto Parts 400. As a result, NAPA Auto Parts pulled its sponsorship of the team at the end of the year, forcing <mask> to release Martin Truex Jr. from his contract.2014
After originally announcing that he would field a part-time car for semi-retired Jeff Burton, plans changed when <mask> sold the #56 team to investors of Identity Ventures who started a satellite team for MWR. <mask> ran 4 races for Identity Ventures Racing owned by Jay Robinson, Mark Bailey, and James Hamilton. <mask> ran the Daytona 500, Aaron's 499, Coke Zero 400 and GEICO 500. At Daytona in Speedweeks, <mask> was collected in a last-lap pileup caused when Jimmie Johnson ran out of gas on the final lap. <mask> nonetheless made it into the race. He crashed on lap 144 and finished 41st. He finished 25th at the Aaron's 499 at Talladega.For both races, he eschewed working with regular Identity Ventures Racing crew chief Scott Eggleston, with whom he had won his first Daytona 500, and instead paired himself with Chad Walter. At the summer Daytona race, <mask> finally decided to work with Eggleston and ended up getting his first top-20 in over a year. However at Talladega in October, <mask> again worked with Walter and did pick up another top-20. Identity Ventures Racing closed up shop after the season was over. 2015
<mask> returned to driving for his team, piloting the No. 55 at both Daytona and Talladega in the spring. <mask> skipped the summer Daytona race, but returned at Talladega in the fall, running a third MWR entry after leasing the owner points from the No.98 of Premium Motorsports. 2016
On February 4, <mask> announced he would return to the Daytona 500, driving the No. 83 Camry for BK Racing. <mask> drove the No. 55 Camry for Premium Motorsports at Talladega in April with Peak BlueDEF as sponsor. <mask> skipped again the summer Daytona race. 2017
<mask> announced he would run the Daytona 500, driving the No.15 Aaron's, Inc. Camry for Premium Motorsports. It would be his final start in NASCAR-sanctioned racing. <mask> started 32nd out of the 40 car field, avoiding several large wrecks to end his NASCAR career with an eighth-place finish. Personal life

<mask> was born in Owensboro, Kentucky. He currently lives in Huntersville, North Carolina. <mask> was married to Elizabeth "Buffy" Franks. They were divorced in 2010.They have one daughter, Margaret Carol. <mask> has an older daughter from a previous relationship, Caitlin <mask>-Kinnaird, who is married and has 2 kids of her own. <mask> is an avid runner. In 2000, he participated in the Boston Marathon. In October 2017, <mask> had plans to attend the Route 91 Harvest music festival, but he canceled those plans. Later that night, a gunman, Stephen Paddock, fired shots at the festival from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel and casino, causing the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history. The following morning, <mask> revealed on his Instagram account that he had befriended a family while in Las Vegas earlier in the day, that was also scheduled to attend the festival.On October 4, he tweeted that he had contacted the father of the family, adding that they "are doing as well as could be expected." In popular media

<mask> appeared on the two-part April 30, 2009/May 7, 2009 episode of My Name Is Earl entitled "Inside Probe." Television appearances
He works as a color commentator for NASCAR on Fox, covering the Xfinity Series since 2015 and the Truck Series since 2004. On September 4, 2014, <mask> was announced as one of the celebrities who would participate on the 19th season of Dancing with the Stars. He was paired with professional dancer Emma Slater. They were eliminated on November 3, 2014. On the December 2, 2019 episode of WWE Raw, <mask> put on a referees uniform and helped Kyle Busch defeat R-Truth for WWE 24/7 Championship

Book
<mask> wrote a book published in 2011 called In the Blink of an Eye: Dale, Daytona, and the Day that Changed Everything.It became a New York Times best-seller. A documentary film adaptation, Blink of an Eye, was released in 2019. Controversies

Feuds with rival drivers
After a race in 1992, <mask> hit driver Dave Marcis while he was still in his car, punching him in the mouth and cutting his lip open, and was fined $500 for his actions. In 1995 at Michigan International Speedway, <mask> also hit driver, Lake Speed. <mask> hit Speed twice on national television, while Speed was strapped in his car. <mask> was fined $10,000 for his actions. <mask> had a much-publicized feud with fellow Kentucky-man Jeff Green, then the driver of Petty Enterprises No.43 Cheerios/Betty Crocker Dodge Charger in the early part of the 2005 season, which came to a head during races at Martinsville and Darlington, where Green and <mask> wrecked each other on several occasions. The feud went back to 2002, when racing for the win at Rockingham caused both to lose control of their cars, allowing Jamie McMurray to win his second straight Busch Series race, although <mask> and Green admitted to having been off-track friends and former high school schoolmates. After <mask> retaliated against Green late in the Darlington race, NASCAR penalized <mask> with a 1-lap penalty. Following the race, NASCAR brought Green and <mask> together and warned them to avoid future incidents. In the 2005 Sylvania 300, <mask> wrecked Robby Gordon's No. 7 Jim Beam Chevrolet after the yellow flag had come out. The angered Gordon got out of his totaled car and threw his helmet at the No.15 car as it was passing by. When TNT interviewed him about the crash he stated "You know <mask>, everyone thinks <mask>'s this good guy. He's not the good guy he acts he is. The caution was out and he wrecked me and he's a piece of shit." TNT apologized for the incident on both drivers' behalf, and both Gordon and <mask> were required to meet with NASCAR officials after the race. Gordon was fined $50,000 and docked 50 drivers' points. <mask> was also penalized, but the penalties were overturned on appeal.Gordon and <mask> ultimately decided to auction the helmet for the benefit of the Harrah's Employee Relief Fund, a fund that provides aid to Harrah's employees displaced by Hurricane Katrina. In 2008, <mask> made contact with Casey Mears with 46 laps to go resulting in Mears successfully passing him. As a reply, <mask> rushed up to Mears, locked his hood on Mears' damaged car, and tried to push it around through a struggle lasting over 4 seconds. Eventually Mears crashed, and soon after, NASCAR parked <mask> as a punishment. In the 2008 Sharpie 500, an irate Clint Bowyer, who was involved in a wreck involving <mask>, said "<mask> is the worst driver in NASCAR, period! Could not believe NAPA (his primary sponsor) signed him back on!" However, Bowyer made it up with him after 2008 and eventually joined <mask>'s race team in 2012.Scandals
In 2007, <mask> had his No. 55 Toyota confiscated by NASCAR officials after inspectors found an odorless, Vaseline-like substance in the car's engine. Later in the week, NASCAR handed down the punishment to Michael Waltrip Racing, which included the ejection of team vice president of competition Bobby Kennedy and Crew Chief David Hyder from the garage at Daytona. Hyder was also fined $100,000, the largest fine ever handed down by NASCAR (until Kurt Busch was penalized for a pit road incident). <mask> himself was penalized with a loss of 100 driver points and his qualifying time from pole day on Feb 11 was thrown out. <mask>, <mask>'s wife and the official owner of his car was also docked 100 owners points. The substance found in the vehicle's fuel was referred to as "rocket fuel", later determined to be Sterno.In the 2013 Federated Auto Parts 400, the final race before the Chase for the Sprint Cup, <mask>'s team was penalized with the biggest penalty in NASCAR’s history. In the race, MWR's Clint Bowyer spun out with 7 laps left after radio conversation hinting at an order to do so, and Brian Vickers was ordered to pit because the team "needed one more point". Following an investigation by NASCAR, the team was fined $300,000, stripped 50 driver points and 50 owner's points for each team, indefinitely suspended team vice-president Ty Norris and put every MWR crew chief on probation until December 31. With the points loss, Truex missed the Chase, which put Ryan Newman back in the wildcard spot. <mask> stated as a reaction to the penalties that "I want to sincerely apologize to NASCAR, our sponsors, fans, and fellow drivers who were disappointed in our actions. We will learn from this and move on." Car accident
On April 11, 2007, <mask> was charged with reckless driving and leaving the scene of the accident after crashing his car into a telephone pole.Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) Monster Energy Cup Series

Daytona 500

Nationwide Series

Camping World Truck Series

 Season still in progress Ineligible for series points

Sports car racing
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, Results are overall/class)

24 Hours of Le Mans results

24 Hours of Daytona

Superstar Racing Experience
(key) * – Most laps led. 1 – Heat 1 winner. 2 – Heat 2 winner. Season still in progress

See also
List of Daytona 500 winners
List of NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race drivers
List of people from Kentucky
<mask> Racing

References

External links

 <mask> at Fox Sports
 <mask> at NASCAR.com
 Coca-Cola Racing Family's <mask>nhardt Inc. drivers
<mask> Racing

masks:
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<mask> (24 March 193020 December 2010) was an Australian linguist, pedagogue and philanthropist of Austrian heritage. Her main areas of work were German language and literature studies, language pedagogy, English as a second language, socio-linguistics and children’s literature. Early life

Norst was born in Vienna to the lawyer Dr. <mask> (1900–1974) and the English language scholar Dr. <mask>, née Widrich (1900–1967), and grandchild of the author and journalist Dr. <mask> (1859–1939), who was a brother of Eugenie Schwarzwald. Following the Anschluss (the annexation of Austria by Germany) in March 1938 the Norst family fled Austria because of the threat of persecution by the Nazi regime. After a short stay from 22 May to 22 June 1938 with Anton’s sister, Else Rubinowicz (1892-1969), wife of the physicist Wojciech Rubinowicz, in Lwów/Poland the Norsts moved on to Denmark, where they stayed for a few months on the island of Thurø with the author Karin Michaëlis, a friend of Eugenie Schwarzwald. There they met Bertolt Brecht and his second wife, Helene Weigel. After that they traveled on to Canada and finally settled in Australia.Norst’s father was employed in a cannery in Leeton as the food technologist and tasked with establishing a laboratory. In Leeton, Norst went to a Catholic primary school and then became a boarder at Mt. Erin Presentation Convent in Wagga Wagga. After secondary school she studied German and Linguistics at Sydney University and later at Newcastle University. Teaching career

After teaching 1952–1956 at Naremburn Boys' School, Riverside Girls' School (both in Sydney) and at Kempsey High School, a co-educational country school, she left for London where she taught for two years at Walworth Comprehensive School. During this period in Europe she spent about three months in Vienna and gained her "Universitätssprachprüfung" (university language exam) at Vienna University. One of her students in Kempsey (New South Wales) was Harry Penrith, later known as Burnum Burnum.From 1957 to 1967 Norst taught at the German department of the University of Newcastle, New South Wales. She received her PhD from Newcastle University on 17 March 1972. The title of her PhD thesis was: Julius Duboc and Robert Waldmüller. An Enquiry into some Aspects of the Literary Biographical Genre. In 1964 she was the recipient of a German government grant and studied German Biedermeier literature at the University of Heidelberg. From 1968 to 1986 Norst lectured in German, Linguistics and Children’s literature at Macquarie University, in the Department of Modern Languages, serving as Associate Professor in German for 10 years. In 1974 she worked for a year in the Linguistics Department at the University of Edinburgh, doing research on the perception of intonation patterns by native and non-native speakers, using synthesised and natural speech.In 1978 she was attached to the Linguistics Department of Vienna University and worked on language planning in multi-lingual societies. Main areas of work: German language and literature studies, linguistics, language pedagogy, English as a second language, socio-linguistics, children’s literature. Norst participated in numerous linguistic conferences (e.g. 1982 in Mexico and the Netherlands) and gave lectures at universities in London, Vienna, Hamburg and Oldenburg. In 1986 Norst received a grant from the Austrian government to study the migration patterns of Austrian remigrants from Australia (migrants who had decided to return to Austria). This work as well as extensive research in Australia, including many interviews with Austrian migrants in Australia and Austria formed the basis of the book Austrians and Australia (with Johanna McBride) which was published in 1988. Freelance work

In 1986 she resigned from Macquarie University and established herself as a freelance writer, multicultural consultant and teacher.In the Vienna Natural History Museum she discovered the drawings of the Austrian botanic artist Ferdinand Lucas Bauer (1760-1826), who had documented Australian flora and fauna when he was engaged to accompany Matthew Flinders on the first circumnavigation of the Australian continent. At the invitation of the British Museum which holds his corresponding colour drawings, she wrote a book about Ferdinand Lucas Bauer in which she brought together the pencil and colour drawings. In 1989 Norst embarked on an oral history project entitled Family Reflections, where she supported families in documenting and writing their stories and history. She was a close friend of the Aboriginal activist, Burnum Burnum (1936-1997) and on his request wrote his biography Burnum Burnum: A Warrior for Peace. She taught English language and literacy to international students, migrants as well as street kids and ex-prisoners at institutions including Sydney Skill Share, Wesley Skill Share and Street Smart, as well as Sydney TAFE and Nature Care. In 1991 she was awarded the University of Newcastle Convocation Medal for "Outstanding Professional Merit" and 1995 the "Ehrenkreuz für Literatur und Wissenschaft der Republik Österreich" (The Cross of Honour for Literature and Science of the Republic of Austria)

Norst translated a number of German plays into English – including works by Igor Bauersima, Falk Richter, Lukas Bärfuss, Roland Schimmelpfennig, Reto Finger, Margareth Obexer, Agnes Gerstenberg. Many of these translations have had public performances.The play Before / After (Vorher / Nachher) was performed by Sydney Theatre Company in February 2011, less than two months after her death  in Sydney. Personal life

As an enthusiastic chorister Norst was a member of Sydney Philharmonia Choir and of SUMS (the Sydney University Musical Society) for many years and took part in many performances and concert tours in Australia and overseas. Bibliography

Books
<mask> <mask> and John Fletcher, German Language Books in the Libraries of Canberra, Melbourne and New South Wales, North Ryde, N.S.W., Macquarie University, School of Modern Languages, German Section, 1972. <mask> <mask> and Johanna McBride, Austrians and Australia, Athena Press, Potts Point 1988
<mask> <mask>, Ferdinand Bauer: the Australian Natural History Drawings, British Museum of Natural History/Lothian, London/Melbourne, 1989, . <mask> <mask> Burnum: A Warrior for Peace, Simon and Schuster / Kangaroo Press, 1999

Publications (selection)
Stifter's 'Nachsommer' and Biedermeier in: German Literatur, ed. J.M. Ritchie, vol.2; Wolff, London, 1969, pp.147–64. How Does Your Lexicon Grow? in: Language Learning in Australian Society eds. D. Ingram and T. Quinn, Australian International Press, Melbourne, 1978, pp. 166–72. Bücher für das bilinguale Immigrantenkind in Australien in: Schriftenreihe des Börsenvereins des deutschen Buchhandels 13, Frankfurt, 1978, pp. 166–72.Origins: Story Traditions in the Multicultural Society in: Through Folklore to Literature ed. M. Saxby, IBBY Australia Publications, Sydney, 1979, pp. 203–12. Australian National Survey of Ethnic Schools, Macquarie University, Sydney, 1982, (commissioned by the Commonwealth Schools Commission)
Vol.1 Report with Recommendations, pp. 1–218
Vol.2 Data Digest, pp. 1–159
Vol.3 Annotated Bibliography, pp. 1–52
Vol.4 Register of Organisations, pp.1–65
Humour: A Marker of National Identity? in: "The Austrian Problem Working Papers", Monash University, Melbourne, 1982, pp. 141–55. Kinder- und Jugendliteratur in; A Glossary of German Literary Terms, eds. E.W. Herd and A. Obermayer, University of Otago, Dunedin, 1983. Language Needs Research in Australia in: Research into Foreign Language Needs eds.Theo van Els and Maria Oud-de Glas, Augsburger 1&1 Schriften, Bd.29, Universität Augsburg, 1983, pp. 139–50. The Significance of Language in a Multicultural Society in: Proceedings of the First National Congress of the Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia, Melbourne, 1985, pp. 57–58. Kooperative Spracherziehung als Gemeinschaftsaufgabe in Australien: Auf dem Weg von der monolingualen zur multilingualen Gesellschaft in: Einwanderungsland Australien: Materialien aus der australischen Migrationsforschung ed. W. Weber, Athenaum Verlag, Frankfurt a Main, 1987, pp. 184–201.Bert Brecht Welcomes Karin Michaelis into Exile: Towards a Literary Vade-Mecum for Political Refugees in: Antipodische Aufklärung, Antipodean Enlightenments: Festschrift für Leslie Bodi, Walter Veit, Peter Lang Frankfurt a,M., 1987, pp~317-21. Language Prejudice and Fear: affective barriers to language learning by adults. (with Yair Cohen). 8th World Congress of Applied Linguistics (AWA) University of Sydney, 1987, Programme p. 50
Through Australian Eyes: Kinderbücher aus Australien, translation of the catalogue of the Australian Children's Book Exhibition at the International Youth Library, Munich, ed. R. Bunbury, Deakin University, Victoria, 1988, pp. 1–94. Entry on Ethel Pedley in Australian Dictionary of Biography vol.11, 1988.Strauss to Matilda: Viennese in Australia 1938-88, ed. K. Bittman, Wenkart Foundation, Sydney, 1988, Introduction, pp.xiii~vii, Not by Bread Alone: The Story of Bettina McDuff pp. 87–98, A Country Child's Perspective pp. 247–52. The Austrians: Experienced Multiculturalists in: History, The Royal Australian Historical Society, Sydney, 3/1989, pp. 11–14. Fear, Dependence and Loss of Self-Esteem: Affective Barriers in Second Language Learning among Adults (with Y. Cohen), in: Relc, Seamo Regional Language Centre, Singapore, vol2/2, 1989.Editor of Ethnic Schools Bulletin vol.5, no.1, NSW Federation of Ethnic Schools, Sydney, July/August 1991. Editor of No Fixed Address, magazine of the Street Kids of Wesley StreetSmart Youth Centre, Wesley Mission 1.Edition, March 1992. Editor of Mirage, Magazine of the Street Kids of Oasis Refuge (The Salvation Army), September 1993. Language Ego, Language Fear and Regression in Adult Language Learning (with Y Cohen) in Psycholinguistics for Applied Linguistics compiled by I.A. Stevenson, Dept. of Linguistics, Unisa, University of South Africa, Pretoria, 1993. Editor of No Fixed Address , magazine of the Street Kids of StreetSmart Youth Centre, Wesley Mission, 2.Edition. 1995
Editor of Gnome Tome for Street Kids of StreetSmart Youth Centre, Wesley Mission, 1997. Let's Meet at StreetSmart, Interviews with Street Kids from StreetSmart Youth Centre, Wesley Mission recorded on video, October–November 1998. Translation into English of Norway. Today by Igor Bauersima, S.Fischer, Frankfurt/ a.M, 2000 for the Goethe Institute, Sydney, 2001. Translation into English of Nothing Hurts by Falk Richter, Fischer Verlag, Berlin. Translation into English of Seven Seconds (In God We Trust) by Falk Richter, S. Fischer, Frankfurt/a.M, 2002 for the Goethe Institute, Sydney, 2003
Translation into English of Electronic City by Falk Richter, S.Fischer, Frankfurt/a.Main, 2004 for the Goethe Institute, Sydney, 2004.Translation into English of Vorher/Nachher by Roland Schimmelpfennig, S.Fischer, Frankfurt/a.M, 2001 for Goethe Institute, Sydney, 2004. Translation into English of Seven Seconds (In God We Trust) by Falk Richter in: Theatre 35.1, Harvard University, March 2005. Translation into English of Schwerelos oder Rücksicht auf Verluste (Weightless or With Regard to Any Losses Incurred) by Agnes Gerstenberg, 22.4.2005 published: http://www.worldinterplay.org/file_banks/scripts/script319.pdf - May 2005. Translation into English of Der Bus (The Makings of a Saint) by Lukas Baerfuss, Hartmann und Stauffacher, Verlag für Bühne, Film, Funk und Fernsehen, 30.9.2005. Translation into English of Fernwärme (Remote Warmth) by Reto Finger, Fischer Verlag, 2006. ... June 2006. Translation into English of Geisterschiff (Ghost Ship) by Margareth Obexer, Hartmann und Stauffacher Verlag, Cologne 2009.Translation into English of Lotzer. Eine Revolution (Lotzer. A Revolution) by Margareth Obexer, Hartmann und Stauffacher Verlag, Cologne 2009

References

CV of 26 September 2010 (Original!) Bibliography of 28 August 2010 (Original!) <mask> <mask>, A country child's perspective, in: Karl Bittmann, Strauss to Matilda. Viennese in Australia. 1938–1988, Wenkart Foundation, 1988.Macquarie University - Dr. <mask> <mask> shows drawings of Ferdinand Bauer

External links

Austrian emigrants to Australia
People from Sydney
Linguists from Australia
Women linguists
Australian translators
Linguists from Austria
1930 births
2010 deaths
University of Newcastle (Australia) alumni
University of Newcastle (Australia) faculty
Macquarie University faculty
Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
20th-century translators
Australian women writers
Australian writers
20th-century women writers

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Marlene Johanna Norst
Anton Heinrich Norst
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<mask> (April 27, 1904 – June 26, 1987) was an American economist whose career spanned academia and government. He served two terms as the 11th chair of the Federal Reserve from 1970 to 1978. He previously chaired Council of Economic Advisers under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1956 and served as the first Counselor to the President of Richard Nixon in 1969. <mask> was the first person to have served in both posts. He also taught and researched at Rutgers University, Columbia University, and the National Bureau of Economic Research. President Nixon nominated him to succeed William McChesney Martin as chairman of the Federal Reserve and later renominated for another term. <mask> was succeeded by G. William Miller when his second term expires.After leaving the Fed, President Ronald Reagan chose him as ambassador to West Germany from 1981 to 1985. Early life
<mask> was born in Stanislau (now Ivano-Frankivsk), Austrian Poland (Galicia), a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in 1904 to Polish-Jewish parents, Sarah Juran and <mask>g, who worked as a house painter. He showed aptitude early in his childhood, when he translated the Talmud into Polish and Russian by age six and debated socialism at age nine. In 1914, he immigrated to Bayonne, New Jersey, with his parents. He graduated from Bayonne High School. At age 17, <mask> enrolled in Columbia University on a scholarship offered by the university secretary. He worked in jobs ranging from postal clerk to shoe salesman during his time at Columbia as a student before earning his B.A.and M.A. in 1925, graduating Phi Beta Kappa. Academic career

Rutgers University
After college, he began teaching economics at Rutgers University in 1927, a role that he continued until 1944. <mask> through his lectures became one of two professors, the other being Homer Jones, credited by <mask> as a key influence for his decision to become an economist. <mask> had convinced <mask>, Rutgers class of 1932, that modern economics could help end the Great Depression. In 1930, he married Helen Bernstein, a teacher. <mask> pursued graduate studies at Columbia while continuing his lectures at Rutgers.As a doctoral student, he became  a protege of Wesley Clair Mitchell, a founder and the chief economics researcher of the National Bureau of Economic Research. In 1933, <mask> joined the NBER under Mitchell's guidance and began a lifelong study of business cycles. He received his Ph.D. in economics from Columbia a year later. In 1943 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In 1944, he left Rutgers and assumed the role of director of research at the NBER in 1945 following Mitchell's retirement. Columbia University
In 1945, <mask> became a professor at Columbia University. In 1959, he received the John Bates Clark endowed chair.At Columbia, he blocked the acceptance of Murray Rothbard's thesis on the Panic of 1819, despite having known Rothbard since the latter was a child. National Bureau of Economic Research
Beginning in 1933, the academic part of <mask>'s career focused on the measurement of business cycles, including questions such as the duration of economic expansions, and what economic variables rise during expansions and fall during recessions. In 1934, <mask> wrote Production Trends in the United States Since 1870 his first major publication in the field. Often, he collaborated with Wesley Clair Mitchell, whose research directorate role he assumed from 1945 to 1953. In 1946, Burns and Mitchell published Measuring Business Cycles, which presented the characteristic NBER methods of analyzing business cycles. During his tenure, <mask> began the academic tradition of determining recessions, a role continued by the NBER's business cycle dating committee. Today, the NBER is still considered authoritative in dating recessions.In the late 1940s, <mask> asked <mask>, then a professor at the University of Chicago, to join the NBER as a researcher of the role of money in the business cycle. <mask>'s detailed macroeconomic analysis influenced <mask> and Anna Schwartz's classic work A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960. Public service

Counselor to the President
<mask> was appointed as Counselor to the President when Richard Nixon took office in 1969. The newly created position held cabinet rank and was meant as a placeholder until <mask> could be appointed as Chair of the Federal Reserve. <mask> advised Nixon on economic policy during his brief time in the White House. As expected, <mask> was appointed to replace the outgoing William McChesney Martin as Fed Chair in November 1969 and resigned his post in the Nixon administration. Federal Reserve Chairman
<mask> served as Fed Chairman from February 1970 until the end of January 1978.He has a reputation of having been overly influenced by political pressure in his monetary policy decisions during his time as Chairman and for supporting the policy, widely accepted in political and economic circles at the time, that Fed action should try to maintain an unemployment rate of around 4 percent. When Vice President Richard M. Nixon was running for President in 1959–1960, the Fed, under the Truman-appointed William McChesney Martin, Jr., was undertaking a monetary tightening policy that resulted in a recession in April 1960. In his book Six Crises, Nixon later blamed his defeat in 1960 in part on Fed policy and the resulting tight credit conditions and slow growth. After finally winning the presidential election of 1968, Nixon named <mask> to the Fed Chairmanship in 1970 with instructions to ensure easy access to credit when Nixon was running for reelection in 1972. Later, when <mask> resisted, negative press about him was planted in newspapers and, under the threat of legislation to dilute the Fed's influence, <mask> and other Governors succumbed. <mask>' relationship with Nixon was often rocky. Reflecting in his diary about a 1971 meeting attended by himself, Nixon, Treasury Secretary John Connally, the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors, and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, <mask> wrote:

There was significant inflation during this period, which Nixon attempted to manage through wage and price controls while the Fed under <mask> maintained an expansive monetary policy.Although <mask> opposed Nixon's decision to close the "gold window," he "'assured the President that I would support his new program fully,' notwithstanding his reservations about the gold suspension." After the 1972 election, due in part to oil shocks from the 1973 oil crisis, price controls began to fail and by 1974, the inflation rate was 12.3 percent. <mask> thought the country was not willing to accept rates of unemployment in the range of six percent as a means of quelling inflation. From the Board of Governors meeting minutes of November 1970, <mask> believed that:

During <mask>' tenure, the rate of change of the consumer price index rose from 6%/year in early 1970 to over 12%/year in late 1974 after the Arab Oil embargo, and eventually falling to under 7%/year from 1976 to the end of his tenure in January, 1978, with an annual average rate of consumer price inflation of approximately 9% during his term. Negative economic events included multiple oil shocks (1973 and 1979) and heavy government deficits arising in part from the Vietnam War and Great Society government programs. At the Watergate break-in of 1972, the burglars were found carrying $6300 of sequentially numbered $100 bills. The Fed lied to reporter Bob Woodward as to the source of the bills.<mask> stonewalled Congressional investigations about them and issued a directive to all Fed offices prohibiting any discussion of the subject. In 1976, <mask> received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards. American Enterprise Institute
William Baroody, then president of the American Enterprise Institute, brought <mask> to the economics think tank in 1978 after <mask> left his position at the Federal Reserve. From the AEI, <mask> continued to influence public policy. Ambassador to West Germany
<mask> was appointed United States Ambassador to West Germany by President Ronald Reagan. He served in Bonn from June 1981 to May 1985.Death
He died on June 26, 1987 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Criticism
Conservative economist Bruce Bartlett gives <mask> poor marks for his tenure as Fed chairman because the inflationary forces that began in 1970 took more than a decade to resolve. In more recent years, the famous quote, "The ultimate purpose of an economy is to produce more consumer goods," has erroneously been attributed to <mask> in popular culture. However, there is absolutely no evidence that <mask> ever uttered this statement; to the contrary, he advocated–both in his speeches and his policies–for thrift and fiscal responsibility. Selected works
 <mask>, <mask>; Mitchell, Wesley C., Measuring Business Cycles,  National Bureau of Economic Research (Studies in Business Cycles), 1946
 <mask>, <mask>, Wesley Clair Mitchell: The Economic Scientist. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1952
 <mask>, <mask>, The Frontiers of Economic Knowledge: Essays, Princeton University Press, 1954. Reprinted from a National Bureau of Economic Research publication.<mask>, <mask>, Prosperity Without Inflation, Buffalo, Smith, Keynes & Marshall; distributed by Doubleday, Garden City, N.Y., 1958
 <mask>, <mask>, et al., The Anguish of Central Banking, Per Jacobsson Foundation, 1979

Sources

 <mask>, <mask>. Inside the Nixon Administration: The Secret Diary of <mask>, 1969–1974 (University Press of Kansas, 2010); reviewed by <mask>, "Burns Diary Exposes the Myth of Fed Independence," Mises Institute. <mask>, <mask>. Reflections of an Economic Policy Maker: Speeches and Congressional Statements: 1969–1978 (AEI Studies no. 217; Washington: American Enterprise Inst., 1978); reviewed by Paul W. McCracken, "Reflections of an Economic Policy Maker: a Review Article" in Journal of Economic Literature 1980 18(2): 579–585. ISSN 0022-0515 Fulltext online at Jstor and Ebsco. <mask>, <mask>. "Progress Towards Economic Stability." American Economic Review 1960 50(1): 1–19. Fulltext in Jstor and Ebsco.Abstract: Views economic growth, 1929–59; discusses corporate growth, government subsidies, increased consumer expenditures, rise in personal income, industrialization, and overall improvement in economic organization. Engelbourg, Saul. "The Council of Economic Advisers and the Recession of 1953–1954." Business History Review 1980 54(2): 192–214. Fulltext in Jstor. Abstract: The 1953–54 recession was the first in which a Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) appointed by a Republican President, Dwight D. Eisenhower, recommended policy actions. Despite traditional Republican Party rhetoric, the CEA supported an activist contracyclical approach that helped to establish Keynesianism as a bipartisan economic policy for the nation.Especially important in formulating the CEA response to the recession – accelerating public works programs, easing credit, and reducing taxes – were <mask>. <mask> and Neil H. Jacoby. Throckmorton, H. Bruce. "The Moral Suasion of <mask><mask>: 1970–1977." Essays in Economic and Business History 1991 9: 111–121. .  Abstract: Reviews key words in <mask><mask>'s testimony on various occasions before the Joint Economic Committee of Congress while he served as chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1970–78. Correlates the key words with rates of inflation and interest rates to determine if there is a relationship between key words of testimony and selected economic variables. Notes

External links

 Papers of <mask><mask>, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
 Arthur F. <mask> Papers, 1911–2005 and undated, bulk 1940–1987, Rubenstein Library Duke University
 Statements and Speeches of <mask><mask>
Papers of <mask>, Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, selected documents cited in the Allan H. Meltzer book A History of the Federal Reserve. Collection of <mask>'s works.(alt)

1904 births
1987 deaths
20th-century American economists
20th-century American businesspeople
Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
20th-century American Jews
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Bayonne High School alumni
Chairs of the Federal Reserve
Columbia Business School alumni
Columbia University faculty
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Macroeconomists
National Bureau of Economic Research
People from Ivano-Frankivsk
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Presidents of the American Economic Association
Eisenhower administration personnel
Nixon administration personnel
Ford administration personnel
Carter administration personnel
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Chairs of the United States Council of Economic Advisers
20th-century American diplomats

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